PHYSIOLOGICAL 
MATERIA MEDICA, 
CONTAINING 
ALL THAT IS KNOWN OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL 
ACTION OF OUR REMEDIES; 
TOGETHER WITH 
THEIR CHARACTERISTIC INDICATIONS 
AND PHARMACOLOGY. 
BY 
WM. H. BURT, M. D., 
Author of "Characteristic Materia Medica," "Therapeutics of Tuberculosis/' 
"A Monograph on Poltporus Officinalis," "Polyporus Pinacola," 
"UsTILAGO MaDIS AND CINCHONA OFFICINALIS," Etc. 
THIRD EDITION. 
CHICAGO: 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE. 
1883. ■ / 
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1880, 
By WM, H. BURT, M. D., 
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 
Wagner & Gross, Printers, 
Chicago. 
Jungblut, Henriehs & Co., 
Electrotypers. TO 
RICHARD HUGHES, M. D., 
OF BRIGHTON, ENGLAND, 
In grateful acknowledgment of his high attainments in the 
field of Materia Medica, and in token of warm personal esteem, 
this volume is most cordially dedicated by 
The Author. PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. 
On the first day of June a large edition of this work was 
placed upon the market; and in ninety days the second edition 
was called for. This is phenomenal, exceeding all reasonable 
expectations of the author. Such a reception has never been 
awarded before to any book in the history of Homoeopathic 
literature; and, under the circumstances, it is peculiarly grati- 
fying, especially when we take into consideration the great 
competition of so many able and well-established works on 
Materia Medica and Therapeutics. It was thought that the 
progress of so extensive a work, in professional favor, must 
necessarily be slow; but the demand for the book indicates 
that its appearance was opportune, and that its plan and 
execution are approved. The author desires to express to the 
profession his warmest thanks for this continued appreciation 
of his labors. 
William H. Burt, M. D. 
Chicago, August, 1881. 
PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION. 
The sale of two large editions of this work in the short space 
of sixteen months is most gratifying to the author, and conclu- 
sive evidence of its adaptation to the needs of students and 
practitioners. To render the work still more worthy of their 
approval, Chloral Hydrate and Iodoform have been added, and 
typographical and other errors corrected. 
William H. Burt, M. D. 
652 Washington Boulevard, 
Sept. 1882. PREFACE. 
This work was suggested to the author from his own need 
of a book combining the pharmacology, pathology, and therapeu- 
tics of our drugs, arranged in a convenient form for ready ref- 
erence. Among the many excellent treatises upon Materia 
Medica and Therapeutics, there was not one that would give 
a complete knowledge of the uses, effects, and mode of prepara- 
tion of our remedies; and this information could only be found 
scattered through a much greater number of books than are 
available to the ordinary student or practitioner. For this 
reason, the major portion of the profession have a very imper- 
fect knowledge of our drugs, and especially so in regard to 
their physiological and pathological action. The design of this 
work is to fill this hiatus, and to place in the hands of the 
student of Materia Medica a text-book so arranged that he 
can readily find what a drug is, where it is obtained, how it is 
prepared for medicinal use, how it acts upon the human organ- 
ism, what tissues it especially acts upon, how it affects them, how 
much of the drug it takes to produce certain results, and what 
are its characteristic therapeutics. This the author has endeav- 
ored to do with each drug, not only of the old, but of all the 
important new, remedies; and to do this, the following plan has 
been adopted: First, to give the Latin name of the drug and 
then the English name; second, where it is to be found, the 
part used in medicine, and how to prepare it for use; third, 
its antidotes; fourth, the number of tissues acted upon. This is 
followed by a tabulated summary of its whole range of action, 
from which its line of uses may be grasped in a few moments. 
Then follows the physiological action, tissue by tissue; and finally, 
under the head of Therapeutic Individuality, its characteristic 
therapeutics are given. 
To gather out from our boundless literature the multitude 
of facts relating to the action and uses of our drugs, and to 6 
PREFACE. 
sift the true from the false, has been a most formidable task. 
To aid in this undertaking, the author supplied himself with 
all available works treating upon this subject, in all schools of 
medicine; but, so serious has been the want of some original 
memoir or book treating on certain drugs, that he has often 
coveted the help to be derived from consulting the more com- 
plete libraries of Europe, more especially those of France and 
Germany. But, imperfect as the result is, the clinician will 
find the subject matter of each drug, so far as possible, made 
up of solid, practical facts, that can be relied upon at the bed- 
side with positive certainty; for nothing has been selected until 
it has received from competent authority the indorsement of a 
positive physiological or clinical effect of the drug. 
A special study of the physiological action of each drug has 
been made; for drug pathology is quite as necessary to the 
scientific physician, as disease pathology, and a physician who 
can not diagnose the pathology of a drug, need not expect to 
be successful in the treatment of disease. We are fully per- 
suaded, that, to endure the crucial test of science, the Materia 
Medica of the future must stand upon a physiological basis. 
The first thing to learn about a drug is its physiological 
and pathological action upon the healthy human organism. To 
know w'hat tissues it acts upon, and just how it affects them, 
leads directly to its curative action; and clinical experience ex 
usu in morbis, will soon give us its grand characteristics; for 
drugs, like men, have characteristics by which they can be 
known and distinguished one from another. One drug acts 
upon the nerves of motion, another upon the nerves of sensa- 
tion ; one relaxes, another contracts; one acts upon the mu- 
cous membranes, another upon the bones,-each one producing 
certain pathological conditions in localized parts; and, from 
these localized affections, by reflex action, the whole system is 
implicated. The knowledge of this localized action gives us 
the key to its therapeutics; for a reflex symptom is far less 
valuable than a primary or idiopathic one. 
An acquaintance with the physiological action of drugs is 
of great importance, and, in fact, is absolutely necessary in 
treating cases of poisoning, that so often fall into the hands 
of the physician. And it is also especially called for when a 
physician is summoned into a court of law, where he must be 
able to state what are the toxical symptoms and the post- 
mortem changes produced by a given poison, and what diseases 
they assimilate. PREFACE. 
7 
In collating the therapeutics of each drug, it has been the 
aim to select those symptoms only, whether pathogenetic or 
clinical, that have been tested repeatedly and found reliable 
by our best practitioners, so often that they have been declared 
"characteristics" or "key-notes" of the drug. These thera- 
peutic hints have been taken from the experience of the whole 
profession, and from all schools of medicine, wherever a fact 
could be found; and consequently they do not represent the 
ipse dixit of any one man, but the practical clinical experience 
of the whole profession. Each man, so to speak, being the 
bank from which the symptom was issued, his name is at- 
tached to what rightfully belongs to him, and the clinical test 
at the bed-side will reveal whether that bank was good or not. 
The author desires to make particular mention of the great 
value that the labors of Drs. R. Bartholow, H. C. Wood, A. 
Stille, Sydney Ringer, Richard Hughes, E. M. Hale, and C. D. 
F. Phillips, have been to him in collecting the physiological 
and pathological action of our remedies. In collecting the thera- 
peutics, the author has drawn largely from the writings of Drs. 
Samuel Hahnemann, Constantine Hering, Carroll Dunham, C- 
J. Hempel, A. Lippe, T. F. Allen, H. N. Guernsey, H. Goullon, 
J. B. Bell, E. A. Farrington, William Bayes, R. Ludlam, J. 
Meyhoffer, B. Hirschel, P. Jousset, W. H. Holcombe, Marcy and 
Hunt, C. G. Raue, B. Baehr, S. Lilienthal, T. Nichol, H. C. 
Jessen, 0. P. Baehr, C. C. Smith, A. McNeal, G. H. G. Jahr, 
J. D. Johnson, F. Hartmann, and C. de Boenninghausen. 
Although the first four mentioned are gone to their eternal 
homes, and are at rest from their labors, their works still live; 
and unborn millions will yet rise up and bless them. Without 
the labors of these men, this book could not have been written. 
For convenience, the following abbreviations have been used 
in crediting symptoms under the Therapeutic Individuality of 
each drug: Hah., for Hahnemann; Hg., for Hering; G., for 
H. N. Guernsey; F., for J. H. P. Frost; D., for C. Dunham; 
A. and N., for Allen and Norton. Dr. A. McNeal, of New 
Albany, Ind., very kindly furnished me with many symptoms 
that he had collected from foreign journals; and I have drawn 
many symptoms from my old "Characteristic Materia Medica." 
William H. Burt, M. D. 
Chicago, 652 West Washington St., 
May, 1881. INDEX. 
Aconitum 33 
Acetate of Lead ointment 30 
Adhesive plaster.... 31 
JEsculus hippocastanum.r 53 
JEsculus cerate 30 
Alcohol 21 
Aloes 54 
Alumina 56 
Ambra grisea 59 
Ammonium carbonicum 61 
Amyl nitritum 64 
Animal kingdom 26 
Antimonium crudum. 77 
Antimonium tartaiicum 80 
Apis mellifica- 89 
Apocynum cannabinum 97 
Argentum nitricum100 
Arnica montana109 
Arnica cerate 30 
Arsenicum album 116 
Arum triphyllum 137 
Asafoetida139 
Asparagus officinalis143 
Aurum 144 
Acidum benzoicum 149 
Acidum carbolicuin152 
Acidum fluoricum 1156 
Acidum hydrocyanicum 160 
Acidum muriaticum164 
Acidum nitricum168 
Acidum phosphoricum 175 
Acidum salicylicum - 179 
Acidum sulphuricum189 
Baptisia191 
Barks 24 
Baryta carbonica .194 
Belladonna195 
Belladonna ointment 30 
Berries, fruits, and seeds 24 
Body wood 24 
Borax217 
Bottles 
Bryonia alba220 
Bulbs 24 
Cactus grandiflorus 228 
Calomel ointment 30 
Calcarea229 
Calendula officinalis 235 
Camphora236 
Cannabis sativa241 
Cantharides243 
Capsicum250 
Carbo animalis... 251 
Carbo vegetabilis253 
Caulophyllum thalictroides255 
Causticum256 
Centesimal scaler 28 
Chamomilla.. 259 
Chelidonium261 
Chemical preparations 14 
Chimaphila264 
Chloroformum265 
Chloral... 980 
Chopping board 19 
Cimicifuga276 
Cina279 
Cinchona284 
Cinnamomum311 
Classes 1., II., III., IV25,26 
Classification.. 
Cleansing plants 24 
Cleansing utensils 19 
Cocculus Indicus312 
Coffea cruda 318 
Colchicum326 
Collinsonia333 
Collodium 31 
Colocynthis336 
Conium340 
Copaiba347 
Corallium rubrum350 
Corks 18 
Court plaster 31 
Crocus sativus351 
Crotalus horridus353 
Croton tiglium360 
Cuprum364 
Decimal scale- 28 
Digitalis purpurea370 
Dioscorea villosa382 
Distilled water 20 
Duboisia209 
Dulcamara384 
Ether22, 388 
Eucalyptus397 
Euonymus402 
Eupatorium perfoliatum403 
Eupatorium purpureum406 
Euphrasia408 
External application 29 
Ferrum409 
Ferrum reductum414 
Ferrum pyrophosphas414 
Ferri chloridum414 INDEX. 
9 
Ferri et strychnise citras414 
Ferrum dialysatum414 
Ferri subsulphatis 414 
Filix mas417 
Flowers 24 
Fresh plants 23 
Fruits 24 
Gelsemium.418 
Globules 23 
Glonoine430 
Glyceroles 30 
Glycerole of Carbolic acid 30 
Glycerole of Borax 30 
Glycerole of Hydrastis 30 
Glycerole of Starch 31 
Graphites434 
Gummi guttse438 
Hamamelis 440 
Helleborus niger444 
Helonias dioica 449 
Hepar sulphuris calcarea453 
Homatropin209 
Hydrastis463 
Hyoscyamus467 
Hypericum474 
Ignatia amara... 475 
Iodine481 
Iodoform 987 
Ipecacuanha497 
Iris versicolor-506 
Jaborandi511 
Kali bichromicum519 
Kali bromidum 528 
Kali carbonicum540 
Kali chloricum444 
Kali hydriodicum446 
Kreosotum 554 
Laboratory 17 
Lachesis558 
Leaves 24 
Leptandra ... 567 
Lilium tigrinum570 
Liniments 31 
Lycopodium573 
Magnesia578 
Magnesia carbonica580 
Magnesia muriatica581 
Manganum1. 583 
Measuring glasses 19 
Mercurius586 
Mercurial ointment 30 
Mezereum_■619 
Millefolium626 
Mortars 18 
Moschus 627 
Mother tinctures 25 
NatrUm muriaticum630 
Neutral substances 20 
Nux moschata639 
Nux vomica644 
Ointments 30 
Opium 665 
Ostrya Virginica 683 
Petroleum684 
Pharmacology 17 
Phosphorus689 
Phytolacca decandra716 
Plantago major725 
Plants 31 
Platina726 
Plumbum731 
Podophyllum748 
Polyporus officinalis756 
Potentizing 29 
Preparation of Tinctures 25 
Presses 19 
Procuring medicinal substances 23 
Proof spirit 23 
Psorinum758 
Pulsatilla nigricans762 
Red Oxide of Mercury 30 
Rheum780 
Rhus toxicodendron782 
Robinia801 
Roots 24 
Rumex crispus802 
Sabina804 
Saccharated extracts 33 
Sambucus nigra809 
Sanguinaria810 
Sarsaparilla816 
Scales 19 
Scutellaria817 
Secale cornutum819 
Seeds 24 
Senecio aureus837 
Senega839 
Sepia841 
Sieves 19 
Silicea851 
Simple cerate 30 
Spatulas 19 
Spigelia862 
Spongia865 
Spoons 19 
Stannum868 
Sticta pulmonaria872 
Stillingia sylvatica873 
Stramonium 875 
Sugar of milk 22 
Sulphur 883 
Sulphur ointment 30 
Tabacum 902 
Tanacetum vulgare912 
Tarantula Cubensis 914 
Tarantula Hispana913 
Terebinthina918 
Temperature 20 
Teucrium marum verum924 
Thlaspi 924 
Thuja occidentalis925 
Trillium pendulum935 
Trituration 27 
Uranium 937 
Urtica urens940 
Ustilago madis942 
Valeriana949 
Veratrum album054 
Veratrum viride960 
Zincum 974 CLASSIFICATION. 
All medicines have for their starting point or center of action 
the nervous centers, either animal or organic. Those that have 
their center of action in the animal (cerebro-spinal) nervous sys- 
tem, are the true remedies for acute and sub-acute diseases; and 
those that have their center of action in the organic (ganglionic) 
nervous system, are the true remedies for sub-acute and chronic 
diseases. The cerebro-spinants can often be alternated advan- 
tageously with the organic remedies. 
ANIMAL GROUP. 
Cerebro-Spinants. 
For Acute and Sub-Acute Diseases. 
Aconite. 
jEsculus hip. 
Ambra grisea. 
Ammonium carb. 
Amyl nitritum. 
Antimonium cr. 
Antimonium tart. 
Apocynum can. 
Arnica montana. 
Arum triphyllum. 
Asafcetida. 
Asparagus offlc. 
Acidum benz. 
Acidum carbol. 
Acidum hydroc. 
Acidum salicyl. 
Baptisia. 
Belladonna. 
Bryonia alba. 
Cactus grand. 
Camphora. 
Cannabis sativa. 
Cantharides. 
Capsicum. 
Caulophyllum. 
Causticum. 
Chamomilla. 
Chelidonium. 
Chloroformum. 
Cimicifuga. 
Cina. 
Cinchona. 
Cinnamomum. 
Cocculus Indicus. 
Coffea cruda. 
Colchicum. 
Collinsonia Can. 
Colocynthis. 
Conium mac. 
Copaiba. 
Corallium rub. 
Crocus sativus. 
Crotalus hor. 
Cuprum. 
Digitalis pur. 
Dioscorea vil. 
Duboisia. 
Dulcamara. 
Ether. 
Eucalyptus glob. 
Eupatorium per. 
Eupatorium pur. 
Euphrasia. 
Gelsemium sem. 
Glonoine. 
Hamamelis. 
Helleborus niger. 
Homatropin. 
Hyoscyamus nig. 
Hypericum per. 
Ignatia amara. 
Ipecacuanha. 
Iris versicolor. 
Jaborandi. 
Kali bromidum. 
Lachesis. 
Lilium tigrinum. 
Mezereum. 
Millefolium. 
Moschus. 
Nux moschata. 
Nux vomica. 
Opium. 
Ostrya Virginica. 
Phytolacca dec. 
Plantago major. 
Platina. 
Plumbum met. 
Pulsatilla nigr. 
Rhus tox. 
Robinia pseudac. 
Sabina. 
Sambucus nigra. 
Sanguinaria Can. 
Scutellaria. 
Secale cornutum. 
Senecio aureus. 
Senega. 
Spigelia. 
Stannum. 
Sticta pulmo. 
Stramonium. 
Tabacum. 
Tanacetum vulg. 
Tarantula Cuben. 
Tarantula Hispa. 
Terebinthina. 
Teucrium m. v. 
Thlaspi bur. pas. 
Trillium pend. 
Uranium. 
Urtica urens. 
Ustilago madis. 
Valeriana. 
Veratrum album. 
Veratrum viride. 
Zincum val. 
Zincum metal. CLASSIFICATION 
11 
ORGANIC GROUP. 
Ganglionics. 
For Sub-Acute and Chronic Diseases. 
Aloes. 
Apis mellifica. 
Argentum nit. 
Arsenicum alb. 
Aurum. 
Acidum fluor. 
Acidum muriat 
Acidum nit. 
Acidum phos. 
Acidum sulph. 
Baryta carbonica. 
Borax. 
Calcarea carb. 
Carbo animalis. 
Carbo vegetabilis. 
Chimaphila. 
Croton tiglium. 
Euonymus. 
Ferrum. 
Filix mas. 
Graphites. 
Gummi guttse. 
Helonias dioica. 
Hepar sulphur. 
Hydrastis Can. 
Iodine. 
Kali bichrom. 
Kali b'omidum. 
Kali carbonicum. 
Kali chloricum. 
Kali hydriodicum. 
Kreosotum. 
Leptandra Virg. 
Lycopodium. 
Magnesia. 
Magnesia carb. 
Magnesia mur. 
Manganum. 
Mercurius. 
Mercurius jod. 
Natrum mur. 
Petroleum. 
Phosphorus. 
Podophyl. pelt. 
Polyporus offlc. 
Psorinum. 
Rheum. 
Rumex crispus. 
Sarsaparilla. 
Secale cor. 
Sepia. 
Silicea. 
Spongia. 
Stillingia sylvat. 
Sulphur. 
Thuja Occident. 
Classification According to Tissues. 
Cerebral Group. 
Dulcamara. 
Ether. 
Eucalyptus. 
Eupatorium per. 
Eupatorium pur. 
Gelsemium. 
Hellebores. 
Hyoscyamus. 
Ignatia. 
Ipecacuanha. 
Kali brom. 
Kreosotum. 
Lachesis. 
Mangarium. 
Mercury. 
Mezereum. 
Moschus. 
Nux moschata. 
Phosphorus. 
Phytolacca. 
Plumbum. 
Polypores. 
Psorinum. 
Rhus tox. 
Secale. 
Spigelia. 
Stannum. 
Stramonium. 
Tabaeum. 
Tanacetum. 
Tarantula. 
Terebinthina. 
Uranium. 
Ustilago. 
Valeriana. 
Veratrum album. 
Veratrum viride. 
Aconitum. 
Amyl nitritum. 
Arsenicum. 
Acidum carbol. 
Belladonna. 
Cannabis sativa. 
Chloroformum. 
Cinchona. 
Coffea. 
Crotahis. 
Cuprum. 
Digitalis. 
Ether. 
Gelsemium. 
Glonoine. 
Hellebores. 
Hyoscyamus. 
Kali brom. 
Lachesis. 
Opium. 
Plumbum. 
Pulsatilla. 
Rhus tox. 
Sanguinaria. 
Scutellaria. 
Silicea. 
Stannum. 
Stramonium. 
Tabaeum. 
Tarantula. 
Veratrum viride. 
Spinal Cord (Motor Group). 
Aconitum. 
Alumina. 
Amyl nitritum. 
Antimonium tart. 
Argentum. 
Arnica. 
Arsenicum. 
Asafcetida. 
Acidum carbol. 
Acidum hydroic. 
Acidum phos. 
Acidum salicyl. 
Baptisia. 
Belladonna. 
Camphor. 
Cantharides. 
Causticum. 
Chloroformum. 
Cimicifuga. 
Cina. 
Cinchona. 
Cocculus. 
Colchicum. 
Colocynthis. 
Conium. 
Copaiba. 
Crocus. 
Cuprum. 
Digitalis. 
Dioscorea. 
Aconitum. 
Ambra grisea. 
Antimonium tart. 
Argentum. 
Arsenicum. 
Asafcetida. 
Acidum hydroc. 
Acidum phos. 
Acidum salicyl. 
Baptisia. 
Belladonna. 
Camphor. 
Capsicum. 
Spinal Cord (Sensory Group). 
Caulophyllum. 
Chamomilla. 
Chloroform. 
Cimicifuga. 
Cinchona. 
Coffea. 
Colchicum. 
Colocynthis. 
Crocus. 
Dioscorea. 
Ether. 
Eupatorium per. 
Eupatorium pur. 12 
CLASSIFICATION. 
Ignatia. 
Kali brom. 
Mercury. 
Mezereum. 
Moschus. 
Natrum mur. 
Nux moschata. 
Opium. 
Phosphorus. 
Platina. 
Plumbum. 
Pulsatilla. 
Rhus tox. 
Sanguinaria. 
Scutellaria. 
Secale. 
Senecio. 
Spigelia. 
Tarantula. 
Terebinthina. 
Valeriana. 
Veratrum viride. 
Hepar sulphur. 
Hydrastis. 
Iodine. 
Ipecacuanha. 
Kali bichrom. 
Kali brom. 
Kali carb. 
Kali hyd. 
Kreosotum. 
Lycopodium. 
Magnesia carb. 
Magnesia mur. 
Manganum. 
Mercury. 
Mezereum. 
Natrum mur. 
Nux moschata. 
Nux vomica. 
Opium. 
Phytolacca. 
Pulsatilla. 
Rhus tox. 
Rumex. 
Sabina. 
Sambucus. 
Sanguinaria. 
Senega. 
Silicea. 
Stillingia. 
Stramonium. 
Sulphur. 
Tabacum. 
Teucrium. 
Thuja. 
Trillium. 
Urtica urens. 
Veratrum album. 
Veratrum viride. 
Skin. 
Aconitum. 
Aloes. 
Antimonium cr. 
Antimonium tart. 
Apis mellifica. 
Apocynum can. 
Argentum. 
Arnica. 
Arsenicum. 
Aurum. 
Acidum carbol. 
Acidum fluor. 
Acidum mur. 
Acidum nit. 
Acidum phos. 
Acidum sulph. 
Belladonna. 
Borax. 
Calcarea. 
Cantharides. 
Carbo animal. 
Cinchona. 
Colchicum. 
Copaiba. 
Crotalus. 
Croton tiglium. 
Dulcamara. 
Ether. 
Eucalyptus. 
Eupatorium per. 
Graphites. 
Hepar sulphur. 
Iodine. 
Ipecacuanha. 
Iris. 
Kali bichrom. 
Kali brom. 
Kali hyd. 
Kreosotum. 
Lachesis. 
Lycopodium. 
Manganum. 
Mercury. 
Mezereum. 
Natrum mur. 
Nux vomica. 
Opium. 
Petroleum. 
Phytolacca. 
Plantago. 
Pulsatilla. 
Rhus tox. 
Rumex. 
Sambucus. 
Sarsaparilla. 
Secale. 
Sepia. 
Silicea. 
Stillingia. 
Stramonium. 
Sulphur. 
Tabacum. 
Terebinthina. 
Thuja. 
Urtica urens. 
Ustilago. 
Veratrum viride. 
Aconitum. 
Apis mellifica. 
Apocynum cann. 
Arnica. 
Arsenicum. 
Acidum salicyl. 
Bryonia. 
Cantharides. 
Colchicum. 
Colocynth. 
Dulcamara. 
Helleborus. 
Hypericum. 
Iodine. 
Serous Membranes. 
Jaborandi. 
Kali carb. 
Kali chlor. 
Kali hyd. 
Mercury. 
Mezereum. 
Phytolacca. 
Plumbum. 
Pulsatilla. 
Rhus tox. 
Senega. 
Sulphur. 
Uranium. 
Fibrous Tissues. 
Aconitum. 
Argentum. 
Acidum benz. 
Bryonia. 
Colchicum. 
Hamamelis. 
Kali bichrom. 
Kali hyd. 
Manganum. 
Mercury. 
Phytolacca. 
Plumbum. 
Rhus tox. 
Sabina. 
Senega. 
Silicea. 
Spigelia. 
Stillingia. 
Sulphur. 
Aconitum. 
Alumina. 
Ammonium carb. 
Antimonium cr. 
Antimonium tart. 
Apis mellifica. 
Apocynum can. 
Argentum. 
Arsenicum. 
Arum triphyllum. 
Asafoetida. 
Acidum carbol. 
Acidum fiuor. 
Acidum mur. 
Acidum nit. 
Acidum salicyl. 
Mucous Membranes. 
Baptisia. 
Belladonna. 
Borax. 
Bryonia. 
Cannabis sativa. 
Cantharides. 
Capsicum. 
Carbo veg. 
Causticum. 
Colocynthis. 
Copaiba. 
Croton tiglium. 
Dulcamara. 
Eucalyptus. 
Euphrasia. 
Ferrum. 
Aurum. 
Acidum fluor. 
Acidum phos. 
Calcarea. 
Ferrum. 
Hepar sulphur. 
Osseous Group. 
Manganum. 
Mercury. 
Phosphorus. 
Plantago. 
Silicea. 
Lymphatics. 
Arsenicum. 
Arum tripliyllum. 
Aurum. 
Acidum fluor. 
Acidum nit. 
Acidum sulph. 
Baptisia. 
Baryta carb. 
Belladonna. 
Calcarea. 
Carbo animal. 
Carbo veg. 
Chimaphila. 
Graphites. 
Helonias. 
Hepar sulphuris. CLASSIFICATION. 
13 
Hydrastis. Phytolacca. 
Iodine. Psorinum. 
Iris. Rhus tox. 
Kali hyd. Rumex. 
Kreosotum. Sarsaparilla. 
Lachesis. Silicea. 
Lycopodium. Spongia. 
Mercury. Stillingia. 
Mezereum. Sulphur. 
Natrum mur. Ustilago. 
Petroleum. 
Belladonna. 
Camphor. 
Cantharides. 
Chimaphila. 
Cina. 
Cinchona. 
Coffea. 
Colchicum. 
Crotalus. 
Cuprum. 
Digitalis. 
Dulcamara. 
Eucalyptus. 
Eupatorium pur. 
Ferrum. 
Gelsemium. 
Gummi guttse. 
Helleborus. 
Helonias. 
Hyoscyamus. 
Ignatia. 
Iodine. 
Jaborandi. 
Kali bichrom. 
Kali brom. 
Kali chlor. 
Kali hyd. 
Kreosotum. 
Magnesia carb. 
Magnesia mur. 
Mercury. 
Mezereum. 
Opium. 
Phosphorus. 
Phytolacca. 
Plumbum. 
Pulsatilla. 
Sabina. 
Sarsaparilla. 
Senecio. 
Sepia. 
Tanacetum. 
Terebinthina. 
Thuja. 
Uranium. 
Valeriana. 
Salivary Glands. 
Apis mellifica. 
Argentum. 
Arum triphyllum. 
Acidum mur. 
Acidum nit. 
Acidum sulph. 
Belladonna. 
Cantharides. 
Digitalis. 
Helleborus. 
Helonias. 
Iodine. 
Iris. 
Jaborandi. 
Kali brom. 
Kali chlor. 
Kali hyd. 
Lachesis. 
Mercury. 
Natrum mur. 
Podophyllum. 
Rhus tox. 
Sanguinaria. 
Pancreas. 
Conium. 
Nux vomica. 
Plantago. 
Bladder. 
Secale. 
Thuja 
Arsenicum. 
Ether. 
Helleborus. 
Helonias. 
Iodine. 
Iris. 
Mercury. 
Apis mellifica. 
Argentum. 
Asafoetida. 
Aurum. 
Belladonna. 
Cantharides. 
Cimicifuga. 
Cinchona. 
Cocculus. 
Coffea. 
Conium. 
Ether. 
Gelsemium. 
Graphites. 
Hamamelis. 
Ignatia. 
Iodine. 
Kali brom. 
Kali carb. 
Kreosotum 
Lachesis. 
Ovaries. 
Lilium. 
Magnesia carb. 
Magnesia mur. 
Mercury. 
Moschus. 
Natrum mur. 
Nux moschata. 
Nux vomica. 
Opium. 
Phosphorus. 
Platina. 
Pulsatilla. 
Secale. 
Sepia. 
Spongia. 
Stramonium. 
Tanacetum. 
Thuja. 
Ustilago. 
Valeriana. 
Spleen. 
Arsenicum. Natrum mur. 
Cinchona. Ostrya. 
Eucalyptus. Phosphorus. 
Ferrum. 
Aloes. 
Arsenicum. 
Aurum. 
Acidum nit. 
Chamomilla. 
Chelidonium. 
Cinchona. 
Cocculus. 
Colchicum. 
•Crotalus. 
Croton tig. 
Cuprum. 
Digitalis. 
Dioscorea. 
Ether. 
Eupatorium per. 
Helleborus. 
Helonias. 
Hepar sulphuris. 
Iodine. 
Liver. 
Iris. 
Jaborandi. 
Kali bichrom. 
Kali brom. 
Lachesis. 
Leptandra. 
Lycopodium. 
Manganum. 
Mercury. 
Natrum mur. 
Ostrya. 
Phosphorus. 
Podophyllum. 
Polyporus. 
Rheum. 
Sanguinaria. 
Sepia. 
Sulphur. 
Veratrum viride. 
Belladonna. 
Borax. 
Cantharides. 
Caulophyllum. 
Cimicifuga. 
Cocculus. 
Coffea. 
Crocus. 
Digitalis. 
Ether. 
Gelsemium. 
Uterus. 
Graphites. 
Hepar sulphuris. 
Iodine. 
Jaborandi. 
Kali brom. 
Kreosotum. 
Lilium. 
Mezereum. 
Opium. 
Pulsatilla. 
Sabina. 
Kidneys. 
Amyl nitritum. 
Apis mellilica. 
Arsenicum. 
Asparagus. 
Acidum benz. 
Acidum salicyl. 14 
CLASSIFICATION. 
Secale. 
Sepia. 
Tanacetum. 
Tarantula. 
Thuja. 
Trillium. 
Ustilago. 
Veratrum viride. 
Crotalus. 
Croton tiglium. 
Cuprum. 
Digitalis. 
Ether. 
Eupatorium per. 
Gelsemium. 
Glonoine. 
Gummi guttae. 
Ipecacuanha. 
Iris. 
Kreosotum. 
Lachesis. 
Opium. 
Pulsatilla. 
Robinia pseudac. 
Sanguinaria. 
Senega. 
Stramonium. 
Tabacum. 
Veratrum album. 
Veratrum viride. 
Mammae. 
Asafoetida. 
Belladonna. 
Chelidonium. 
Conium. 
Helonias. 
Iodine. 
Jaborandi. 
Opium. 
• - Urtica urens. 
Ustilago. 
Apis mellifica. 
Argentum. 
Asafoetida. 
Aurum. 
Belladonna. 
Camphor. 
Cimicifuga. 
Cinchona. 
Coffea. 
Conium. 
Digitalis. 
Ether. 
Gelsemium. 
Graphites. 
Hamamelis. 
Helonias. 
Testicles. 
Iodine. 
Kali brom. 
Kali hyd. 
Mercury. 
Moschus. 
Nux vomica. 
Opium. 
Phosphorus. 
Pulsatilla. 
Spongia. 
Stramonium. 
Tabacum. 
Tanacetum. 
Thuja. 
Ustilago. 
hip. 
Aloes. 
Antimonium tart. 
Arnica. 
Arsenicum. 
Aurum. 
Acidum mur. 
Acidum nit. 
Acidum phos. 
Belladonna. 
Camphor. 
Cantharides. 
Chamomilla. 
Chelidonium 
Cina. 
Cinchona. 
Coffea. 
Colchicum. 
Collinsonia. 
Colocynthis. 
Copaiba. 
Croton tiglium. 
Cuprum. 
Digitalis. 
Dioscorea. 
Eucalyptus. 
Eupatorium per. 
Ferrum. 
Filix mas. 
Glonoine. 
Graphites. 
Gummi guttae. 
Hamamelis. 
Helleborus. 
Helonias. 
Hepar sulphuris. 
Hydrastis. 
Hyoscyamus. 
Ignatia. 
Intestines. 
Iodine. 
Ipecacuanha. 
Iris. 
Kreosotum 
Leptandra. 
Lycopodium. 
Natrum mur. 
Nux vomica. 
Opium. 
Ostrya 
Petroleum. 
Phosphorus. 
Phytolacca. 
Plantago. 
Platina. 
Plumbum. 
Podophyllum 
Polyporus. 
Pulsatilla. 
Rheum. 
Rhus tox. 
Robinia. 
Rumex crispus. 
Sabina. 
Secale. 
Senega. 
Sepia. 
Silicea. 
Spigelia. 
Stannum. 
Stramonium 
Sulphur. 
Tabacum. 
Tanacetum 
Terebinthina. 
Urtica mens. 
Valeriana. 
Veratrum album. 
Stomach. 
Aconitum. 
Antimonium cr. 
Antimonium tart. 
Arsenicum. 
Aurum. 
Acidum carbol. 
Acidum mur. 
Acidum nit. 
Acidum phos. 
Belladonna. 
Carbo animal. 
Carbo veg. 
Causticum. 
Chelidonium. 
Cinchona. 
Coflea. 
Colchicum. 
Colocynthis. 
Cuprum. 
Digitalis. 
Helleborus. 
Helonias. 
Ignatia. 
Ipecacuanha. 
Jaborandi. 
Kreosotum. 
Lachesis. 
Lycopodium. 
Nux vomica. 
Opium. 
Ostrya. 
Petroleum. 
Phosphorus. 
Phytolacca. 
Plumbum. 
Podophyllum. 
Pulsatilla. 
Rhus toX. 
Robinia. 
Secale. 
Senega. 
Sepia. 
Tabacum. 
Tanacetum. 
Uranium. 
Veratrum album. 
Veratrum viride. 
Lungs. 
Aconitum. 
Arsenicum. 
Causticum. 
Chelidonium. 
Cinchona. 
Eupatorium per. 
Hamamelis. 
Hepar sulphuris. 
Ipecacuanha. 
Kali hyd. 
Lycopodium. 
Mercury. 
Mezereum. 
Nux vomica. 
Petroleum. 
Phosphorus. 
Pulsatilla. 
Rhus tox. 
Aconitum. 
Antimonium tart. 
Arsenicum. 
Acidum hydroc. 
Acidum salicyl. 
Belladonna. 
Pneumogastrics. 
Cactus. 
Chloroformum. 
Cinchona. 
Cocculus. 
Coffea. 
Corallium. CLASSIFICATION 
15 
Sanguinaria. 
Senecio. 
Senega. 
Spongia. 
Stannum. 
Sticta. 
Stillingia. 
Tabacum. 
Terebinthina. 
Veratrum album. 
Veratrum viride. 
Blood. 
Ammonium carb. 
Antimonium tart. 
Argentum. 
Arsenicum. 
Acidum carbol. 
Acidum hydroc. 
Acidum mur. 
Acidum nit. 
Acidum phos. 
Baptisia. 
Calcarea. 
Carbo veg. 
Cinchona. 
Crocus. 
Crotalus. 
Ferrum. 
Helonias. 
Hepar sulphuris. 
Iodine. 
Kali carb. 
Kali chloricum. 
Kali hyd. 
Kreosotum. 
Lachesis. 
Manganum. 
Mercurius. 
Natrum mur. 
Nux vomica. 
Phosphorus. 
Phytolacca. 
Plumbum. 
Rhus tox. 
Spongia. 
Sulphur. 
Tarantula. 
Terebinthina. 
Thuja. 
Heart. 
Aconitum. 
Ammonium carb. 
Amyl nitritum. 
Antimonium tart. 
Arsenicum. 
Acidum hydroc. 
Acidum salicyl. 
Bryonia. 
Belladonna. 
Cactus. 
Chloroformum. 
Cimicifuga. 
Coffea. 
Colljnsonia. 
Conium. 
Crotalus. 
Cuprum. 
Digitalis. 
Ether. 
Eucalyptus. 
Gelsemium. 
Helleborus. 
Hyoscyamus. 
Jaborandi. 
Kali brom. 
Lachesis. 
Lilium. 
Nux vomica. 
Gpium. 
Phosphorus. 
Rhus tox. 
Sanguinaria. 
Secale. 
Spigelia. 
Spongia. 
Tabacum. 
Tarantula. 
Terebinthina. 
Veratrum album. 
Veratrum viride. 
Aconitum. 
Amyl nitritum. 
Antimonium tart. 
Arnica. 
Arsenicum. 
Aurum. 
Acidum salicyl. 
Belladonna. 
Bryonia. 
Chloroformum. 
China. 
Copium. 
Digitalis. 
Temperature. 
Eucalyptus. 
Ferrum. 
Gelsemium. 
Hyoscyamus. 
Ipecacuanha. 
Jaborandi. 
Kali brom. 
Sanguinaria. 
Secale. 
Stramonium. 
Veratrum album. 
Veratrum viride. 
Aconitum. 
Ammonium carb. 
Arsenicum. 
Belladonna. 
Chloroformum. 
Crotalus. 
Arteries. 
Iodine. 
Phosphorus. 
Trillium. 
Ustilago. 
Veratrum viride. 
Veins. 
Vaso-Motor Group. 
Arnica. 
Acidum fluor. 
Collinsonia. 
Crocus. 
Hamamelis. 
Hepar sulphur. 
Hypericum. 
Millefolium. 
Pulsatilla. 
Sepia. 
Sulphur. 
Thlaspi. 
Ustilago. 
Aconitum. 
Arsenicum. 
Acidum hydroc. 
Acidum salicyl. 
Belladonna. 
Calendula. 
Chloroformum. 
Cinchona. 
Coffea. 
Crotalus. 
Cuprum. 
Digitalis. 
Ether. 
Moschus. 
Nux vomica. 
Opium. 
Sanguinaria. 
Stramonium. 
Trantula. 
Trillium. 
Urtica urens. 
Ustilago madis. 
Veratrum viride. 
Circulation. 
Aconitum. 
Amyl nitritum. 
Antimonium tart. 
Arnica. 
Arsenicum. 
Aurum. 
Acidum hydroc. 
Acidum salicyl. 
Belladonna. 
Bryonia. 
Cactus. 
Camphor. 
Chloroformum. 
Cimicifuga. 
Cinchona. 
Cinnamomum. 
Digitalis. 
Eucalyptus. 
Helleborus. 
Hyoscyamus. 
Ipecacuanha. 
Jaborandi. 
Kali brom. 
Sabina. 
Secale. 
Sulphur. 
Tabacum. 
Terebinthina. 
Ustilago. 
Valeriana. 
Veratrum album. 
Veratrum viride. 
Acidum salicyl. 
Belladonna. 
Cliloroformum. 
Cina. 
Cinchona. 
Conium. 
Digitalis. 
Euphrasia. 
Gelsemium. 
Hepar sulphuris. 
Eyes. 
Hyoscyamus. 
Ignatia. 
Jaborandi. 
Mercurius. 
Natrum mur. 
Nux vomica. 
Opium. 
Plumbum. 
Pulsatilla. 
Rhus tox. 16 
CLASSIFICATION. 
Secale. 
Senega. 
Spigelia. 
Stramonium. 
Tabacum. 
Veratrum viride 
Veratrum vinae. 
Muscular System. 
Antimonium tart. 
Arnica. 
Arsenicum. 
Acidum hydroc. 
Belladonna. 
Bryonia. 
Cactus. 
Chloroformum. 
Cinchona. 
Coffea. 
Conium. 
Eupatorium pur. 
Kali brom. 
Plumbum. 
Valeriana. 
Veratrum viride. 
Ears. 
Acidum salicyl. 
Cinchona. 
Hyoscyamus. 
Nux vomica. 
Pulsatilla. 
Silicea. 
Sulphur. 
Disinfectants. 
Oxidizing Disinfectants. 
Antizymotic Disinfectants. 
Chlorine and its preparations. 
Iodine " " 
Bromine " " 
Permanganate of Potassium. 
Ozone. 
Benzoic acid. 
Borax. 
Carbolic acid. 
Caustic lime. 
Chloride of Zinc. 
Cinchona. 
Eucalyptus. 
Kreosote. 
Salicine. 
Salicylic acid. 
Sulphate of Iron. 
Sulphur. 
Sulphurous acid. 
Thymol. 
Desulphurating Disinfectants. 
Absorbing Disinfectants. 
Metallic salts. 
Lime. 
Zinc salts. 
Charcoal. 
Coffee. 
Chloride of Lime. 
Aluminum. PHARMACOLOGY. 
As there is generally such an imperfect knowledge of pharmacy 
among the physicians of the Homoeopathic school, from the fact 
that it is not generally taught in our colleges, and that none of our 
works on Materia Medica mention the subject, I have concluded 
to put in as brief a space as possible, a clear and concise state- 
ment of the principles of pharmacology peculiar to our school, so 
that the physician who chooses to prepare his own remedies will 
have in his hands a trustworthy guide to this end. I believe that 
no student in medicine should be allowed to graduate until he so 
understands the Homoeopathic Pharmacopcea that he can prepare 
his own remedies if necessary; and then he will be able to judge 
for himself whether a drug is prepared as it should be, and will 
not accept any remedy offered, because it is put up in an artistic 
bottle. The Homoeopathic physician uses so little medicine, that 
it behooves him to have that which he does use, absolutely pure and 
perfect in every sense of the word; and that he cannot tell without 
some knowledge of pharmacy. 
The following is based upon the teaching of Hahnemann, Buch- 
ner, Gruner, and especially that of the Pharmacopcea Homceo- 
pathica Polyglotta, by Dr. Willmar Schwabe, of Leipzig. 
Chemical Preparations. The manufacture of these has been en- 
tirely omitted, for the simple reason that they can be produced 
much cheaper, and far better, from large Chemical manufactories 
that make a specialty of their manufacture. 
LABORATORY. 
The room where Homoeopathic remedies are prepared, includ- 
ing the cutting, pounding and triturating, should he protected from 
the rays of the sun, but should be light, airy, and dry; all ema- 
nations that might vitiate the air of the room, as dust, smoke, 
dampness, and fetid smells, must be rigidly excluded. The strong- 
smelling substances used must always be prepared and kept 
separately. 18 
PHARMACOLOGY. 
UTENSILS. 
Bottles. For neutral substances, bottles made of white flint 
glass are the best. For substances easily decomposed by sunlight, 
amber-colored glass should be used, on account of the well-known 
effect of yellow glass to prevent the action of the ■chemical rays ; 
or a still better way is to cover the bottles with a solution of 
asphaltum or black varnish. Such remedies as the acids, Iodine, 
Kreosote, Chloroform, etc., must be kept in glass-stoppered bottles, 
and, to prevent the introduction of particles of glass into the 
medicaments from friction of the glass stoppers, vials of hard 
potash-glass should be used. Avoid blue-colored bottles, as blue 
has certain dynamic effects injurious to the remedies. 
Corks. These should be selected with great care, made of the 
best quality of bark, and as free from pores as possible. As soon 
as they shrink, or become soft, new ones should take their place. 
For distilled water, glass stoppers must be used, as corks soon 
mold, and render the water impure. 
Mortars. These are made from iron, porcelain, and wedgewood. 
For pulverizing very hard substances, a highly polished iron mor- 
tar, with pestle of the same material, should be used, and kept per- 
fectly free from rust, as rust decomposes a great many vegetable 
juices at once. Triturating mortars should be made of wedge- 
wood and large (the larger the better for the comminution of the 
drug), with a broad, flat bottom (if wider than the top so much the 
better). The pestle should also be thick and flat. To reduce the 
labor of triturating, a pole one inch and three-quarters in diame- 
ter, and four feet six inches long, is made of hard wood (maple or 
cherry), as pine is too light. In the lower end of this is bored a 
hole large enough to admit the pestle handle, four to six inches of 
its length. Around this hole is set securely a smooth iron ferrule. 
If the pole is too heavy, it will increase the labor of trituration; if 
too light, the pestle will jump in its circuits around the bowl. The 
top of the pole should pass into a two-inch hole, made in the wall, 
or any contrivance that will hold the pole and allow a little motion. 
Now, if the mortar is made secure at a proper height for the oper- 
ator, the labor of triturating will be reduced fully one-half, and a 
four-fold better trituration be produced than can possibly be made 
in the same time by hand. 
Pharmacists should always keep a mortar for each substance. 
This should be imperative. As a rule, physicians keep but one, 
when they ought to at least always have three ; one made of porce- 
lain,- for triturating strong-smelling substances; one for the mer- PHARMACOLOGY. 
19 
curials, and the third for the balance of the remedies. The clean- 
ing of the mortar is simple enough when one is kept for each 
trituration; but, when one or two are used for all remedies, hot 
and cold water, sand and the brush, should be most thoroughly 
applied, and in some cases nitric acid, to get rid of metals. 
Measuring Glasses. These lessen the labor of counting the 
drops of strong alcohol and distilled water. 
Presses. These should be so constructed that they can be 
readily taken apart and cleansed most thoroughly. The plants 
and seeds,that are to be pressed are inclosed in a linen bag, free 
from starch and bleaching materials, then subjected to the action 
of the screw press, and the juice runs into a suitable vessel below. 
No bag should be used for two different substances. 
Sieves. These should only be constructed of hair or silk; the 
hair for the preparation of tinctures, the silk for making tritu- 
rations. 
Spatulas and Spoons. These should be of horn or porcelain. 
Funnels. These should be made of porcelain or glass. 
Chopping Boards. These should always be of seasoned maple, 
perfectly sound and free from knots. 
Chopping-knife. This should be made of good steel, and always 
kept well polished. Rust decomposes many vegetable juices in- 
stantaneously. 
Scales. Physicians' scales should have three kinds of pans: 
Brass for prescriptions; glass, used exclusively for caustic and 
hygroscopic substances ; and horn for sugar of milk, poisons, and 
various substances. 
THE CLEANSING OF UTENSILS. 
The utmost cleanliness must be observed when making Homoeo- 
pathic preparations. All utensils should be cleansed immediately 
after use. The mortar should be repeatedly scalded with boiling 
water, and in many cases the brush witlrsand should be used. 
After each scalding, it should be thoroughly dried, then after- 
ward placed in an oven and dried with a high temperature. Glasses 
and bottles are to be cleansed in the same way, then rinsed with 
distilled water, and dried carefully in an oven with a moderate 
temperature. Glasses and bottles that have been used for a par- 
ticular remedy, however well cleansed, should never be used for 
another drug or preparation. The best way is to get your bottles 
new from the factory; then you have oidy to deal with dust, which 
is easily removed by shaking, cleaning with a small brush, and 
subsequent rinsing with alcohol. Corks should be first washed 20 
PHARMACOLOGY. 
with distilled water in a hair sieve, then rinsed with dilute alcohol, 
and well dried. Boiling water or steam will ruin corks. True, 
they will look whiter; but they will become bulky, soft, and lose 
their elasticity, and soon fit the bottle very loosely. The press 
should be cleansed immediately after use, most thoroughly, with 
cold and hot water, and well dried. 
TEMPERATURE. 
Extremes of temperature should be most carefully avoided. 
The room where you keep and prepare your remedies should be 
of a moderately comfortable temperature; many of our, mother 
tinctures will become turbid, with a muddy sediment, or form 
crystals, by being exposed to great cold. On the other hand, too 
much heat is often injurious. Many physicians put their medi- 
cines upon hot mantels. A worse place can not be selected in the 
office. 
NEUTRAL SUBSTANCES. 
Distilled Water. This is prepared from rain-water, in an appa- 
ratus expressly designed for that purpose. Water being the great 
solvent for almost everything, it behooves us to procure it abso- 
lutely pure. Common water is always impure, being charged 
with earthy matters, gases, etc.; and rain-water, after a storm, 
contains ammonia with nitric acid. Pure water should be without 
taste, smell, or color. The pharmacopoeia directs that water be 
distilled in glass or porcelain stills. This is wrong; for the hot 
steam will dissolve the Silex, and this Silex will be shown as a cloud 
in the water after a few days. We should therefore use metallic 
stills. 
There is a metallic still with a receiver of block-tin, that answers 
a good purpose; but I like the one used in the Pharmacy of 
Boericke & Tafel the best. It is a copper still, with the receiver 
and worm both lined with gold. This insures purity as far as this 
is possible. 
In distilling water, not over three-quarters of the water in the 
still should be used, and the first quart coming over should be 
thrown away. The crucial test of your distilled water, is whether 
it keeps or not. If it has any kind of smell, or becomes turbid, 
it is unfit for use and must be thrown away. For organic matter 
a good test is Nitrate of silver. When water is treated with Nitrate 
of silver, if pure, it remains colorless, even in the sun-light. Abso- 
lutely pure water will keep for years, if put at once into glass-stop- 
pered bottles, before spores and dust floating in the air can con- PHARMACOLOGY. 
21 
taminate it. If the common cork is used, it will soon mold and 
contaminate the water. 
Distilled water is used for many chemical purposes; for the 
solution and potentizing of triturations and salts, and especially for 
the potentizing of acids. Many of our remedies have to be run up 
through the first three potencies with water. 
Alcohol. This, like water, is seldom pure; for all the science 
and ingenuity of man have been taxed for its adulteration. The 
impurities most frequently found in alcohol are acids, chlorine or 
chlorine metals, water, and especially fusel oil, and many other 
impurities that are very difficult to detect. The presence of acids 
is detected by the use of litmus paper; chlorine metals, by the 
use of nitrate of silver; a few drops of a solution of this agent, will 
cause a white cloud, or precipitate of chloride of silver to settle. 
To detect fusel oil, add one-fourth or one-fifth of a solution of 
nitrate of silver; expose the mixture to the sun's rays. After a 
few days there will settle a blackish precipitate. The water is 
demonstrated by the use of the alcoholmeter. 
Alcohol, or spirits of wine, is always the product of art, and is 
formed every time that sugar comes in contact with a fermentable 
matter in water, at a suitable temperature ; and it may be obtained 
from a great number of vegetable substances, such as wine, cider, 
malt, sugar-cane juice, grape dregs, pounded cherries, molasses, 
juice of carrots, beets, potatoes, honey, beer, and germinating cere- 
als. That made from rye or wheat is best for Homoeopathic uses, 
and that found in the market must be most carefully re-distilled. 
Proof Spirit, as adopted by the United States, contains 50 per 
cent by volume of absolute alcohol and water, with a specific grav- 
ity of 0.936, at 15.55° C. (60° F.). Second proof is 5'2}-per-cent alco- 
hol, specific gravity 0.931. Third proof, 55|-per-cent alcohol, speci- 
fic gravity 0.9'25. Fourth proof, 58-per-cent alcohol, specific gravity, 
0.9'20. The British proof spirit has the specific gravity of 0.9'20. 
Pharmaceutists buy the best Cologne Spirits, and re-distill it 
in stills made of copper, and lined with block tin. This still is 
placed in a larger tin or iron vessel, so arranged that the copper 
still is completely surrounded by hot steam, which causes the alco- 
hol to slowly evaporate through the long worm placed in a receiver 
so constructed that cold water constantly flows over the coil, and 
the alcohol is condensed and falls into a vessel ready to receive it. 
This still may hold four gallons of alcohol, and the first pint that 
flows through the still, and the last quart, should not be used. 
Pure alcohol is a colorless fluid, which must not lather when 
rubbed in the hands, and have no bad odor; the odor is penetra- 22 
PHARMACOLOGY. 
ting, and the taste pungent. It burns with a white flame at the 
center and blue at the edges, leaving no residue; dissolves per- 
fectly in water; and, on account of its affinity for atmospheric 
moisture, it evaporates rapidly. It has a specific gravity of from 
96 to 100; but for Homoeopathic uses it is reduced to 83 per cent 
with distilled water; and in many instances this is too strong, as, 
for instance, in making many first dilutions, it has to be reduced 
to 50 per cent. The same may be said of tinctures. The great use 
for alcohol with us is found in the manufacture of tinctures and 
dilutions. 
Sugar of Milk. This is a product of animal life, and consti- 
tutes a large percentage of the mother's milk. For Homoeopathic 
uses it is principally manufactured in Switzerland, from goat's milk, 
by inspissating and crystallizing the whey. That which comes to 
us is more or less mixed with dust, soot, wood, etc., and has to un- 
dergo a further re-crystallization; the large sticks are reduced to 
a coarse powder, and then boiled in double the quantity of distilled 
water. While boiling hot, it is filtered through white blotting- 
paper spread over a new linen cloth which is placed on an earthen 
vessel that is large enough to not only receive the menstruum of 
sugar of milk, but, in addition, as much strong alcohol as we have 
used of water. These two liquids, as soon as they come in contact 
with each other, cause the sugar of milk to be precipitated in sharp- 
pointed crystals upon the bottom and sides of the vessel. This 
process should be carried on at the lowest possible temperature, 
to facilitate the precipitation of the sugar of milk. 
After a few days the liquid is poured off slowly, then the sugar 
is detached from the vessel, washed thoroughly with distilled water, 
spread in thin layers on clean paper over fine sieves, and dried, then 
pulverized fine in an iron mortar, placed in well-closed glass or 
earthen jars, and set in a dry place, as, when damp, it becomes 
musty. 
Sugar of milk is used for the manufacture of our triturations, 
making powders, and as a dietetic article. The marvelous sagac- 
ity of the mind of Hahnemann is seen in his selection of sugar of 
milk for the process of comminution of our drugs. No other 
known substance could equal the sharp, flinty crystals of sugar of 
milk in grinding to an inconceivably fine powder our hard miner- 
als, so that they can be most rapidly absorbed by the human body 
and thereby become our most potent drugs. 
Ether. This agent has not found as large a sphere of useful- 
ness in our school as it deserves. The day is close at hand, when 
the ethereal tinctures of many substances will be prized as far PHARMACOLOGY. 
23 
superior to those of alcohol. The strong acids, fixed oils, balsam, 
several kind of resins, sulphur, phosphorus, bromine, and many 
hydrochloric salts are perfectly soluble in ether. It dissolves in 
ten times its weight of water; but, with alcohol and all the essen- 
tial oils, it unites in all proportions. 
Globules. These should be prepared from the purest cane 
sugar, and pretty hard. The addition of anything, as starch etc., 
must be considered as an They should completely 
dissolve in distilled water. As a drug-medium, they are very use- 
ful in the Homceopathic school, and are used in ten different sizes. 
THE PROCURING OF MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES. 
FRESH PLANTS. 
In collecting medicinal plants, it is very important that they 
should be gathered in localities to which they are indigenous; and 
particular regard should be paid to their surroundings. For ex- 
ample, plants whose natural habitat is in moist soil, will have their 
virtues greatly modified when growing in dry soil, and vice versa. 
The same may be said about climate. Tropical plants will depreci- 
ate in a temperate climate, and vice v,ersa. The same may be said 
of plants growing in calcareous soil; they will have their medi- 
cinal power greatly vitiated in a soil of rich loam. The same is 
true of plants that select sunny slopes; they will deteriorate in 
situations that are shady. Wild plants have proved to be far su- 
perior to those cultivated in gardens, and the cultivated plants 
never should be used if the wild ones can be procured. Plants 
cultivated in botanical gardens should not be used for medicinal 
purposes. 
Only healthy, strongly developed, perfect plants, free from all 
kinds of dust, nests of vermin, etc., should be selected. Plants 
that through old age have acquired a woody consistence, ought not 
to be used. 
Plants should not be gathered immediately after a shower, or 
during the early morning dew, but in fine, sunny, dry weather. 
Neither should they be carried about much in the excessive heat 
of the day, nor should they be too closely packed. 
Plants which have the greatest degree of medicinal activity are 
those found in their natural places of growth, and are perfect- 
plants. All sickly-looking, partially withered, or decayed plants 
or roots should be rejected. Narcotic plants should be gathered 
while in bloom; others just before, or when coming into, bloom. 24 
PHARMACOLOGY. 
If the whole plant is to be used, it should be gathered when it is 
partly in flower and partly in seed. 
Flowers should be collected when they are just ready to open,, 
or just opened. In some cases the buds are to be preferred to the 
expanded flowers. These should be collected when in a dry con- 
dition, free from dew or rain, being careful to pick oft all foreign 
or decayed matter. All bugs, beetles, etc., if not taken out, will 
spoil the preparation completely. For example : Arnica flowers 
are so infested with a small insect, similar in its action to Cantha- 
ris, that they never should be used. The tincture of Arnica 
should be made always from the green root. 
Leaves should be gathered as soon as they are matured, before 
the fruit or seeds are ripened. Leaves from biennial plants, must 
be gathered only during the second year, as their leaves are not 
perfect the first year. These should be collected just before in- 
florescence. 
Berries, Fruits, and Seeds should be collected when fully ripe. 
Bullis should be gathered as soon as matured, when the leaves 
begin to decay. 
Barks should be taken off late in the autumn, rejecting that 
infested by insects, and the dead epidermis ; resinous barks, just 
before the development of the leaves. 
Body Wood, in the late autumn or spring, before the sap rises, 
or buds are developed, from a vigorous, healthy tree, not too old 
or too young. This should be reduced to sawdust, shavings, or 
fine chips, being careful to have the tools used free from rust or 
grease. If the young shoots are the parts used, they should be 
collected in the late autumn. 
Roots. These should only be gathered in the autumn, after 
the leaves have fallen, if the plants are perennial. From biennial 
plants, in the fall or spring of the second year. From annual 
plants, just before the seeds ripen. 
Dr. F. E. Boericke says: "Roots gathered in the fall will suit 
people with Allopathic notions in their heads better because they 
contain a minimum more of what is styled the active principle. 
I must say that these old, hard, wooden roots, as they are in the fall, 
present very little life. I think more of roots gathered in the 
spring, when they are full of sap, ready to start into new life and 
energy." This is a good, practical hint. 
The Cleansing of Plants should be done by beating and brush- 
ing the dirt off. They ought never to be washed, excepting the 
roots of water-plants, which may be washed freely. By means of 
a brush, we can remove all the dust and dirt, and everything that 
may cling to them. PHARMACOLOGY. 
25 
PREPARATION OF MOTHER-TINCTURES. 
The preparation of mother-tinctures as given by Dr. F. E. 
Boericke in his practical lectures on Homoeopathic Pharmaceutics, 
agreeing substantially with Dr. Willmar Schwabe, is given with so 
much more of the minutiae and with such a masterly hand, that I 
have taken the liberty of copying it in full. He says : 
"Class I.-Your fresh plant or part of a plant is cut in small 
particles (with a well-polished steel knife, free from rust, on a well- 
cleansed chopping board), pounded in a wedge wood mortar, then 
placed in a clean new linen cloth, and the juice expressed by 
means of a press, or by wringing the cloth. Weigh the expressed 
juice, and add to it an equal weight of strong alcohol in a glass 
jar. Set this aside for a week, and then filter, when your tincture 
is ready. This is Hahnemann's prescription for making essences ; 
and it has to be followed out with all plants, of which the prov- 
ings were obtained of preparations made as above, and may be 
done with all which are juicy. A great many tinctures of Euro- 
pean plants are prepared that way, and therefore have to be im- 
ported in that state of tincture or essence. 
"You will see that the juice of plants was considered by Hahne- 
mann to contain all the active forces of the medicine, and this 
constitutes the original drug; the alcohol is added only to make 
the preparation keep. The tincture, containing one part drug and 
one part alcohol, represents one-half of the original drug; and, in 
potentizing such a tincture, you have to take, for the first decimal 
preparation, twenty drops of tincture to eighty drops of dilute al- 
cohol, or, for the first centesimal preparation, two drops of tincture 
to ninety-eight drops of dilute alcohol,-i. e., half water and half 
alcohol,-in order to make the first potency, in either case containing 
strictly one-tenth or one-hundredth part of the original drug. 
Mark, I say dilute alcohol, for if you take strong alcohol you will 
get a sediment, showing that some parts of the tincture are thrown 
down, whereas your potence must always contain all that is in the 
tincture. That such a sediment contains only starchy matter of 
no medicinal virtue, is no argument at all. The next potency may 
be prepared, like the rest, with strong alcohol. 
"Class II.-This includes, also, mostly European plants, but 
such as are less juicy, from which the juice has to be extracted 
by means of two-thirds of strong alcohol; the tincture of these 
therefore also represents one-half of the original drug. ["The 
finely chopped plant, or part thereof, is weighed. We then take 
two-thirds, by weight, of strong alcohol, and moisten the chopped 26 
PHARMACOLOGY. 
plant with as much of it as is necessary to bring the mass to a 
thick pulp, and stir it well. Then, adding the rest of the alcohol, 
the whole is mixed well together and strained (or pressed) lege artis, 
through a piece of new linen. The tincture thus obtained, after 
standing eight days in a wTell-stoppered bottle, in a dark, cool 
place, is then filtered."-Schwabe.] 
"There are only few in this class. The first potencies are made 
in the same proportion as Class I.; that is, twenty to eighty for 
the first decimal, and two drops to ninety-eight drops for the first 
centesimal, potency, but we take strong alcohol. 
" Class III.-This includes a great many remedies; and it is this 
jdass with which we in this country have most to do, as all our 
American remedies are prepared in accordance with it. After 
having reduced the plant, or part of the plant, as before mentioned, 
and having weighed it, we add double the weight of alcohol to it. 
After two weeks the tincture is pressed out and filtered. It repre- 
sents the sixth part of the plant as the original drug (always con- 
sidering the juice of the plant as the original drug); and, in starting 
your dilutions, you have to take sixty drops of the tincture to forty 
of alcohol for the first decimal, or six drops of tincture and ninety- 
four of alcohol for the first centesimal dilution. 
"Class IV.-All the dry substances [vegetable and animal], 
such as we generally obtain from the trade, are prepared accord- 
ing to this class. Have your substance well powdered or pounded, 
and, after weighing it, add five times its weight of alcohol. Let the 
well-closed bottles or jars stand for two weeks, pour off, press, and 
filter, and your tincture is made. It represents the tenth part of 
the drug [and is the first decimal potency]; and, to make the first 
centesimal potency, you take ten drops of the tincture to ninety 
of alcohol. 
"There are yet some other vegetable products which come un- 
der neither class, such as the resins, Guaiacum, etc. After powder- 
ing them and adding nine parts of strong alcohol, they dissolve 
almost entirely; we therefore do not consider them as tinctures, 
but as alcoholic solutions, and treat them as the first decimal 
dilutions from which further potencies are made. In preparing 
tinctures according to Classes III. and IV., they should be well 
shaken two or three times. 
[These four classes will be referred to in the first line under the 
name of each remedy.] 
"Animal Kingdom. The transformation of animal matter in- 
to remedial agents is done in the same way as with those from the 
lower kingdoms ; i. e., either by trituration or by extracting atinct- PHARMACOLOGY. 
27 
ure, and thus starting our potencies. In some cases, we make use 
of the entire animal, as with Apis mel. [ Hering says it is foolish 
to take the whole bee, with all the foreign matters, which color the 
tincture, but the pure poison from the sting-sack is the only part 
that should be used, potentized in alcohol, or prepared in oil or 
glycerine for external use], Cantharis, and Diadema, of which 
tinctures are prepared according to Class IV. The excretory ani- 
mal products, as Musk, Castoreum, and Mephitis, are prepared also 
according to Class IV.; and of course their first potencies are pre- 
pared in accordance with the rule there given." 
Trituration. This is a process by which drug particles are still 
further broken up and subdivided. By this method in Homoeo- 
pathic Pharmacy, not only are all substances made soluble, but 
even inert substances in their crude state are developed into active 
medicines, and every drug subjected to it is brought nearer to ani- 
mal life. Substances that are supposed to be insoluble are made 
perfectly soluble in alcohol and water. This great discovery be- 
longs to Hahnemann, and is not yet fully recognized by modern 
science. Any coarse, dry substance, if triturated by itself, i.e., 
without any admixture, can only be divided to a limited extent. 
At length it reaches a point, where, instead of further division, 
many of the particles unite again. To carry on the process of 
dividing and subdividing, and to prevent the particles reuniting, 
Hahnemann introduced that indifferent body, Sugar of Milk, and, 
with this, carried on the division until it could be continued no 
longer, because the dividing body, sugar of milk, had reached the 
limit of division. Then Hahnemann added more sugar of milk; 
and, through this addition, a still finer division was effected, until 
the limit was reached again, when another addition of this inert 
substance was made and a further division was effected; and so on, 
again and again. The drug particles had now become so fine that 
the heavy, gross particles of water or alcohol, prevented their set- 
tling down, and they floated through these media with as much 
ease as dust in a sunbeam, being now, it may be said, in a state 
of perfect solubility. But now let us see what our great leader 
Hahnemann has to say about the manner of triturating our drugs : 
"Of the so pulverized substances, you take one grain ; Mercury 
may be used in the liquid state; of Petroleum, you take one drop 
instead of one grain. Put this grain into an unglazed porcelain 
mortar. Then you take thirty-three grains of sugar of milk, and 
mix them with the drug by triturating the mass with some force 
for about six minutes by means of a porcelain pestle. Before you 
triturate, stir the mass for a little while with a spatula. Having 28 
PHARMACOLOGY. 
triturated the mass, you stir it again for about four minutes, scrap- 
ing up that part which covers the bottom of the porcelain mortar, 
and also that which adheres to the pestle ; then you triturate again 
with greater force for six minutes, without, however, adding any- 
thing new. This mass you scrape up again for four minutes, add 
another thirty-three grains of sugar of milk, stir the new compound 
for a while with the spatula, then triturate it for six minutes, 
scrape it up for four minutes, triturate again with great force for 
six minutes, scrape the mass up again for four minutes, then add 
the last thirty-three grains of sugar of milk, and with this last 
added portion proceed as with the two former. This powder you 
enclose in a well-corked glass, and mark it with the name of the 
substance, and the figure 100, to show that this is the one-hundredth 
potency of the substance. 
"In order to prepare the degree 1000000, or I, you take one grain 
of the degree 10000, and go through the processes of stirring and 
triturating in the same way as before, employing upward of an 
hour for the preparation of each different potency. 
"For the sake of establishing uniformity in preparing Homoeo- 
pathic remedies, and especially the anti-psorics, I never carry the 
process of triturating above the millionth degree. From this degree 
I derive the dilutions in their various degrees of potency. 
"For the process of trituration a certain force should be em- 
ployed ; not so much, however, as to cause the mass to adhere too 
tenaciously to the mortar to be scraped up in the space of four 
minutes." 
The introduction of the decimal scale, by Dr. Hering, has 
greatly modified trituration. The earlier Homoeopathic physicians 
used a mortar about three inches wide; and now we use mortars 
from eight to twelve inches in diameter, and triturate from ten to 
fifteen hundred grains at once. Mortars for common use should 
hold about two quarts, then fifteen hundred grains can be tritura- 
ted nicely at one time. 
Decimal Scale of Trituration. This scale is made in the follow- 
ing manner : Weigh out three times three hundred grains, which 
makes nine hundred, of sugar of milk. Now take one hundred 
grains of the crude substance to be triturated and add to it the first 
three hundred grains ; triturate twenty minutes. Stir up the mass 
four minutes, then add the second three hundred grains, triturate 
twenty minutes ; stir again for four minutes, and then add the last 
three hundred grains, and triturate twenty minutes more, using 
considerable force, which completes the trituration. 
The centesimal scale is made in the same way as the above, 
with this difference, only ten grains of the crude drug are used to PHARMACOLOGY. 
29 
nine hundred and ninety of sugar of milk. I have found that the 
stirring-up and scraping process to free the drug from the mortar 
can be completely done away with by simply using a little alcohol 
to moisten the sugar of milk with. If this is done, trituration will 
be found to proceed with great facility and perfection. 
Triturations to be potentized should be carried up to the sixth 
decimal, or the third centesimal. And, as a general rule, hard 
substances are triturated more easily than soft ones. Zincum 
and Iridium are the hardest bodies we have to triturate; but they 
show finer and much more equal molecules than Graphites, Plum- 
bum and Mercury. If you wish to triturate Lead well, you will 
have to use your pestle very softly; and you must triturate Mer- 
cury, Graphites, and Lead double time when preparing the first 
trituration. To triturate and preserve Iron in its metallic state, 
all moisture must be driven out by keeping the mortar continually 
warm. 
Hygroscopic salts-i. e., those which eagerly absorb moisture 
from the atmosphere ; such as Calcarea caustica, Kali carb., Kali 
hyd., and Calcarea chlorata-will not keep 'well in trituration. 
Argentum nitricum can only be kept a few days in trituration 
before the Argentuni decomposes the sugar of milk and it is 
destroyed. 
Potentizing. This is done by transferring triturations into 
liquid solutions, or potencies, in the following manner: Take ten 
grains of the sixth decimal trituration and ninety drops of distilled 
water, place them in a suitable bottle and shake thoroughly (the 
more shaking the better). This is called the 7th dilution (to dis- 
tinguish from trituration). Then take ten drops of this seventh 
dilution, place in a bottle and add ninety drops of pure alcohol and 
succuss the vial as above, which produces the 8th dilution. This 
can be carried on as noted above to any potency desired. 
To prepare the dilutions on the centesimal scale, we take one 
grain of the third trituration, place it in a bottle of suitable size, 
add fifty drops of distilled water and fifty of alcohol, and succuss 
as for the decimal scale, and mark it 4th dilution. Of this fourth 
dilution, take one drop, add ninety-nine drops of pure alcohol, 
and succuss as above ; mark this 5th, and so on ad libitum. 
Bottles used in potentizing should not be more than two-thirds 
full. 
EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS. 
External Applications consist of cerates, glyceroles, liniments, 
ointments, lotions, plasters, poultices, etc., of which I will only 
mention a fewT, to give a general idea of their preparation. 30 
PHARMACOLOGY. 
Simple Cerate. Take of lard eight troy ounces, and white 
wax four troy ounces, melt them together in a water bath, and 
stir constantly until cool. Cosmoline may take the place of lard, 
with many drugs. 
Arnica Cerate. Tincture of Arnica one ounce, simple cerate 
one pound; melt in a sand bath, and stir till cold. Many remedies 
can be prepared and used in this way. 
xEsculus Cerate. One ounce of tincture,, simple cerate one 
pound, glycerine one ounce, white wax one ounce. Mix the 
tincture with the glycerine, put all in the melted cerate, stir till 
cold. Hamamelis, Lycopersicum, Urtica urens, Graphites, and 
many others, the same as 2Esculus cerate. 
Ointments. These differ from cerates in being softer. Cosmo- 
line, or Petroline, as a base for ointments, prevents decomposition, 
and at the same time is more penetrating than the simple cerate. 
They can be used on the most delicate membrane. Many reme- 
dies can be introduced into dissolved cosmoline or vaseline, and 
should then be stirred until cool. 
Belladonna Ointment. Extract one part, to nine of wax oint- 
ment ; thoroughly mix in a mortar, or by heat. 
Sulphur Ointment. Flowers of Sulphur one ounce, glycerine- 
one ounce, simple ointment fourteen ounces ; stir while cooling. 
Mercurial Ointment. Take twenty-four ounces of Mercury, 
twelve ounces of lard, twelve ounces of suet, and two ounces of 
Ether; triturate thoroughly. The metal will be readily ex- 
tinguished. Glycerine will do the same thing; keep cool. 
Calomel Ointment. One part of Mercury to nine of cosmoline. 
Bed Oxide of Mercury, sixty grains, ointment four hundred and 
twenty grains; triturate thoroughly. 
Iodine Ointment. Iodine twenty grains, Iodide of Potassium 
four grains, lard one ounce. Bub the Iodine and Iodide of Potash 
with six minims of water first, and then add the lard until 
thoroughly triturated. 
Acetate of Lead Ointment. Take twelve grains of Lead to one 
ounce of Benzoated lard; mix thoroughly. 
Glyceroles. These are readily made by triturating in a mortar 
undiluted glycerine with the desired remedy. 
Glycerole of Carbolic Acid. Take two ounces of Carbolic acid 
and one-half pint of glycerine. Mix. 
Glycerite of Borax. Take Borate of Sodium two ounces, and 
one-half pint of glycerine. Mix. 
Glycerole of Hydrastis. Take Hydrastis tincture one ounce, 
glycerine four ounces. Mix. PHARMACOLOGY. 
31 
Glycerole of Starch. Take eight ounces of glycerine and one 
ounce of pulverized Starch. Triturate, then stir over a fire until 
the starch granules burst and a clear jelly is formed. This is an 
excellent medium for many remedies, in the proportion of one 
drachm of tincture to the ounce of glycerole. 
Liniments are liquid preparations, generally oily or soapy, for 
external use. 
Linimentum Camphorce. Take of Camphor half an ounce, 
Olive oil two ounces. Or, an ounce and a half of Camphor, two 
fluid drachms of Chloroform, and two ounces of Olive oil. 
Linimentum Saponis Camphoratum. Take of common Soap, 
sliced, three ounces ; Camphor one ounce; alcohol one pint; Oil of 
Origanum and Rosemary, each a fluid drachm. Digest the Soap 
with the alcohol, in a hot sand-bath, and then add the Camphor 
and oils. This liniment is sold under the name of Opodeldoc. 
For sprains, bruises, and rheumatic pains, it is very useful. 
Plasters are solid compounds, for external application, adhe- 
sive at the temperature of the human body, and are mostly com- 
posed of Olive litharge. They are prepared for use by spreading 
them upon linen, muslin, or leather. 
Adhesive Plaster. Take Lead plaster three pounds, melt over 
a gentle fire, and add half a pound of Resin in powder. Mix. 
This is the common adhesive plaster of the surgeon. 
Court-plaster. Dissolve isinglass in boiling water, then spread 
on oiled silk. It is better still if a little of the tincture of Benzoin 
be added. 
We use plasters of Belladonna, Arnica, Rhus tox., Aconite, and 
many other remedies. 
Collodium. This substance is a solution of Gun-cotton and 
Ether. When applied to the skin, it contracts and becomes very 
adhesive, tends to drive the blood from the parts, and prevents 
its returmby doing so, it limits effusion and promotes absorption. 
It is eminently protective in its operation, entirely excluding the 
part which it covers from the air, and is of great value in the treat- 
ment of many skin diseases, ulcers, and lacerated wounds. Be- 
fore its application the parts must be completely dried. After 
the first touch with the camel's-hair brush, allow the Collodium to 
dry a little before the second application. Fissures, especially 
of the nipples, are speedily cured with Collodium ; the same with 
the stings and bites of insects. In dressing wounds, lint or linen 
cambric saturated with the liquid, should be laid on the coaptated 
parts. 32 
PHARMACOLOGY. 
SACCHARATED EXTRACTS. 
A very valuable improvement lias recently been introduced in 
Pharmacy by Prof. C. Gilbert Wheeler, of the Hahnemann Medical 
College of Chicago, whereby we are able to procure a concentrated 
preparation representing all the medicinal properties of the crude 
drug, free from its sterile and inert substances. These prepara- 
tions have been named by him Saccharated Extracts, for the rea- 
son that Sugar of Milk takes the place of the inert woody fiber, 
starch, gum, etc., of the original substance. 
The process consists in exhausting the crude drug completely 
and carefully in Alcohol, Ether, etc., then evaporating the perco- 
late to a solid extract. To this, sufficient Sugar of Milk is added 
to bring the mixture to the same weight as that of the crude ma- 
terial employed. The whole is now triturated to an impalpable 
powder, and the product is finished. During the operation, the 
yield of the solid Extract is noted, which must attain a certain 
fixed standard of percentage in relation to the crude drug. In 
the more powerful remedies, i. e., Aconite, Belladonna, Nux vom- 
ica, Veratrum viride, etc., an assay is made of their alkaloids, to 
find whether they fully represent the standard adopted, made 
from the best article of the plant that grows; if not, they are 
discarded as unfit for use. By these precautions, a more uni- 
form and reliable product is undoubtedly obtained,-a great 
desideratum to the practicing physician; for tinctures, and espe- 
cially fluid extracts, are often found perfectly worthless. But, in 
these preparations, one grain of the Extract invariably represents 
one grain of the perfect crude drug from which they are obtained. 
A powder thus obtained, might be called a soluble drug of defi- 
nite strength and quality, free from the deterioration which all 
tinctures and fluid extracts are liable to undergo. In fluid prep- 
arations, particularly the more concentrated, a gradual precipi- 
tation takes place, so that the clear filtered liquid does not fully 
represent the remedy. Tinctures, although well made, will grad- 
ually become unreliable. 
These Extracts, so perfectly preserved by the antiseptic prop- 
erties of Sugar of Milk, are not only unchangeable, but very con- 
venient for making triturations, as they are the drug itself in a 
minute state of subdivision and in a soluble form; and, by their use, 
we can always know, with absolute certainty, just how much of 
the medicinal substance we have in our triturations. They have 
already received the sanction of high Homoeopathic authority, 
and are being rapidly introduced to the profession. PHYSIOLOGICAL 
MATERIA ME DIG A. 
ACOXITl M NAPELLUS. 
Wolf's-bane. 
Habitat, Central Europe. Tincture of the fresh plant, Class I.; of Root, Class III. 
Antidotes.-Vegetable acids, Wine, Bell., Coil., Verat. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Aconite has nine special 
centers of action: 
I. Heart. Inhibitory Paralysis; Blood-Pressure Lessened. 
II. Circulation. Vaso-Motor Paralysis. 
III. Temperature. Depressed, with Diaphoresis. 
IV. Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System. Paralysis. 
V. Mucous Membranes. Sthenic Inflammation. 
VI. Stomach. Emesis; Congestion; Neuralgia. 
VII. Lungs. Centric Vagi Paralysis; Congestion; Inflammation. 
VIII. Tendons and Fibrous Tissues. Rheumatoid Inflammation. 
IX. Serous Membranes. Plastic Inflammation. 
Heart and Arterial Capillary Blood-Vessels.-Toxic doses 
of Aconite paralyze directly the nervous ganglia of the heart, 
which are its rhythmically discharging centers, producing at first 
a reduction of the number of heart pulsations, and then an 
increased action, with evident loss of muscular power; finally, 
irregular systolic movements, with very long intervening pauses, 
ending in diastolic paralysis. Each individual pulsation is 
lessened until death, when the muscle of the heart will not re- 
spond to galvanic irritation, its contractility being destroyed. 34 
ACONITE. 
Dr. Sydney Ringer says: "Aconite certainly affects either the- 
muscular substance or the contained ganglia of the heart; on this 
point all observers are agreed; for Aconitia affects the heart 
after section of the pneumogastric, or the administration of 
Atropia, which paralyzes this nerve; and it affects the extirpated 
heart in the same way as it affects this organ in situ. It is main- 
tained, however, that it acts also through the pneumogastric 
Boehm and Wartmann believing that it paralyzes the termination 
of this nerve ; Achscharumow, that it first stimulates the inhibi- 
tory center of the pneumogastric, and so slows the heart, and then 
the pneumogastric becomes exhausted and at last paralyzed, and 
then the heart beats quickly and irregularly." 
"The action of Aconite upon the circulation is very decided. 
According to Dr. Achscharumow, in the frog a moderate toxic dose 
of Aconitia produces at first a reduction in the number of the heart's 
pulsations, then an increase of rapidity of its action, with very 
evident loss of power, and finally irregular systolic movements, 
with very long intervening pauses, ending in diastolic arrest. Drs. 
Rudolf Boehm and L. Wartmann have confirmed these observa- 
tions. 
"In animals, the exhibition of Aconite in sufficient doses yields 
similar results. In the dog and cat, there is a steady sinking of 
the arterial pressure; in the rabbit, this fall is preceded by a brief 
rise. The rate of the heart's pulsation also undergoes reduction; 
and there is finally diastolic arrest in these and other mammals. 
"The method by which the Aconite influences the heart is not 
certainly settled. According to the experiments both of Boehm 
and Wartmann, it produces a gradual paralysis of the peripheral 
vagi; a constant increase of the intensity of a galvanic stimulation 
of the pneumogastric nerves being required to influence the heart 
as the poisoning deepens, until finally the vagi entirely refuse to 
transmit any inhibitory impulse. 
"In a single experiment, Achscharumow found, that, after sec- 
tion of the vagi in the early stage of Aconite-poisoning, there was an 
immediate rise, both in the number of the cardiac pulsations and 
in the arterial pressure. From these data he argues that the slow- 
ing of the pulse during the early stage of Aconite-poisoning, is due 
to stimulation of the inhibitory centers in the medulla oblongata. 
Boehm and Wartmann repudiate this conclusion; because, accord- 
ing to their experience, the phenomena of Aconite-poisoning occur 
in the usual manner, after section of the vagi, or in the atropized 
animals. It is evident that there is no necessary contradiction in 
the asserted facts of these observers, as it is possible that the slow- ing of the pulse may be due to two immediate causes, one having 
its seat in the medulla oblongata, the other in the heart. Although 
the explanation cannot be considered proven, it is probably correct; 
as Lewin agrees with Achscharumow that there is a primary rise 
of the pulse when Aconitia is given after section of the vagi, but 
states that this rise is of very brief duration, and is soon followed 
by the usual reduction. It is very certain that Aconitia also influ- 
ences directly the heart, or its contained ganglia, for Achscharu- 
mow' has found that it acts upon the frog's heart removed from the 
body, and Liegeois and Hottot have observed the ordinary cardiac 
phenomena of Aconite-poisoning, produced by the alkaloid placed 
directly upon the viscus. Boehm and Wartmann have also noted 
that in Aconite-poisoning the force of the individual beat is lessened. 
After death the cardiac muscle fails entirely to respond to galvanic 
irritation, its contractility being lost."-Dr. II. C. Wood, Materia 
Medica. 
"Aconite is a protoplasmic poison, and destroys the functions 
of all nitrogenous tissue; first of the central nervous system, next 
of the nerves, and last of the muscles; but it has an especial af- 
finity for the sensory apparatus, paralyzing first the sensory per- 
ceptive center, and, through this central nervous system, is a pow- 
erful depressant of the motor nerves and muscles. Aconite affects 
all the structures of the heart; first its ganglia, next its nerves, 
and last its muscular substance."-Ringer. 
Upon the arterial capillary vessels, through the vaso-motor 
nerves and heart, we have paralysis, with its attendant congestion, 
and all the symptoms of inflammation, in all the tissues that have 
capillary vessels. Dr. Wood does not believe Aconitia acts on the 
vaso-motor nerves, but that it destroys the conducting power either 
of the afferent nerves or of the cord, so that in the animal under 
its influence no impulse can be transmitted from the periphery to 
the vaso-motor centers in the medulla ; but Bartholow7 says it is a 
direct sedative to the vaso-motor nervous system. 
Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.-The action of Aconite upon 
the animal nervous system, is not fully settled. Liegeois and 
Hottot believe that it first paralyzes the perceptive centers, above 
the spinal cord, and afterward the terminations, and lastly, the 
trunks of the sensory nerves. 
Boehm and Wartmann conclude that Aconite first paralyzes the 
sensory and then the motor part of the cord. 
Achscharumow concludes that it paralyzes both the trunks and 
terminations of the cerebro-spinal motor nerves, but leaves 
muscles unaffected. 
ACONITE. 
35 36 
ACONITE. 
Dr. G. Hunter Mackenzie says : "Aconite's action on the nerv- 
ous system consists in first irritating, and secondly, paralyzing, 
the peripheral sensory nerves, and posterior roots of the spinal 
nerves. Increases the irritability of the peripheral motor nerves, 
and of the motor columns of the cord. Does not induce muscular 
paralysis, but, on the contrary, increases the irritability of the 
voluntary muscles, inducing convulsions, mainly augmenting the 
irritability of the anterior column of the cord, and the motor nerves 
and muscles." 
"It may be considered settled that Aconite has no decided in- 
fluence upon the motor nerves. At the same time the poison would 
seem to have some such influence, because, when brought in con- 
tact with an exposed nerve, Aconitia rapidly destroys its functional 
activity, and, after death in the Aconitized frog, the motor nerves 
lose their irritability more rapidly than normal. Further, it should 
be noted, that, when in frogs the convulsions are very severe, the 
motor nerves seem temporarily to lose their functional power from 
exhaustion. 
"A very complete and beautiful investigation of the action of 
Aconitia upon the spinal cord has been made by Dr. Liegeois and 
M. Hottot. According to these, observers, in Aconite-poisoning loss 
of sensibility occurs in the frog's legs simultaneously with, or even 
before, the disturbances of respiration, and long before the 'power 
of voluntary motion is lost; and even when the reflex activity is 
intact. This sensory paralysis, according to the experiments of 
the French investigators just quoted, first appears in the hind legs 
of a frog poisoned with Aconitia, and has not its primary seat 
either in the peripheral nerves or in the spinal cord; for it was 
found that tying the aorta close to its abdominal bifurcation, so 
as to prevent access of the blood-i. e., of the poison-to the pos- 
terior nerves, did not affect the development of the anaesthesia; 
further, that closing the artery nearer its origin in such a way as 
to shut off the circulation to the cord and spinal nerves, but to 
allow the passage of the blood to the cerebrum, did not cause sen- 
sory paralysis to come on more slowly than normal in poisoning 
by Aconite. 
"Of course, it is possible for the peripheral ends of the sensory 
nerves to be paralyzed either at the same time that the perceptive 
center is, or afterward; and, of course, the center being para- 
lyzed, it becomes very difficult to determine whether the periphery 
is or is not affected. Liegeois and Hottot assert that this paral- 
ysis of the center occurs before any serious implication of the 
peripheric nerves, because, after Aconitic anaesthesia had been pro- ACONITE. 
37 
duced, Strychnia was able to produce tetanus; afterward, how- 
ever, the extreme peripheric nerves became affected, so that irri- 
tation of the skin in the doubly poisoned frog would not provoke 
convulsions, even at a time when irritation of the trunk of a nerve 
would produce general reflex motor disturbance. At last galvani- 
zation of the nerve-trunk itself failed to induce response. From 
these facts, Liegeois and Hottot deduce-very logically, I think- 
the conclusion that Aconite induces anaesthesia by paralyzing, 
first, the perceptive centers; secondly, the peripheral extremities 
of the nerves ; thirdly, the nerve-trunks themselves. The observers 
alluded to also confirmed this conclusion by other experiments 
than those already noticed. They found, that, although Aconitia 
applied directly to a nerve-trunk paralyzes its sensibility, yet 
when the veins of a frog's leg are tied and the alkaloid injected into 
the artery and allowed to penetrate the tissues of the leg, the skin 
loses its sensibility long before the nerve is affected. 
"In regard to motion, Liegeois and Hottot found, that, in a 
certain stage of Aconitia-poisoning, the frog lies with his limbs 
extended, relaxed, and perfectly paralyzed, and yet is capable of 
executing vigorous voluntary movements, and evinces nearly nor- 
mal reflex activity. They attribute this condition of apparent 
but not real motor paralysis, to loss of sensibility from paralysis 
of the perceptive center; as the unpoisoned frog evinces the same 
phenomena after division of all the posterior spinal roots. After 
a time the reflex activity is also lost, the pow'er of voluntary 
movement remaining. Liegeois and Hottot believe that this loss 
of reflex activity is spinal; but, in their experiments upon the 
conjoint action of Aconite and Strychnia, it was found that at a 
certain stage, when no amount of irritation of a nerve would in- 
duce convulsions, a slight direct irritation of the cord would 
cause violent Strychnic spasms. This would seem to show that 
at least the earliest abolition of the reflex activity was due to pa- 
ralysis of the afferent nerve-fibers. 
"In some particulars the researches of Liegeois and Hottot have 
been confirmed by the later studies of Dr. George Hunter Mac- 
kenzie. The persistence of voluntary movement, after abolishing 
reflex actions, which was first noted by Boehm and Wartmann, and 
afterward by Liegeois and Hottot, as well as by Mackenzie, proves 
that, at a certain stage of the poisoning, while the motor path- 
way from the brain along the anterior columns and the afferei? 
nerves is open, either the sensory nerves or the receptive centeiJ 
of the cord are paralyzed. The experiments of Liegeois and Hot- 
tot upon the joint action of Aconitia and Strychnia are also ac- 38 
ACONITE. 
cordant with those of Mackenzie; for that observer found, that, 
when a nerve was protected from the poison by tying its supplying 
artery, irritation of it caused reflex actions when the remainder 
of the frog's periphery was insensible; also that there is a stage 
of poisoning in which irritation of the extreme peripheral nerves 
fails to induce reflex movements, although such movements are 
called out by irritation of the sensory nerve-trunk; later, irri- 
tation of the trunk was powerless, while irritation of the posterior 
columns of the cord still produced wide-spread movements. It 
must, therefore, be considered proven that Aconite paralyzes the 
sensory nerves, commencing at their peripheral endings, and that the 
loss of reflex activity is due, at least in great part, to such cause. 
"The supposed action of Aconitia upon a higher perceptive cen- 
ter is at present very doubtful. S. Ringer and R. Murrell (Journal 
of Physiology i., Nos. 4 and 5,) deny the accuracy of the delicate 
experiments of Liegeois and Hottot. They affirm reflex action is 
never maintained after abolition of sensation, and that Aconitia 
diffuses itself through the cellular tissue of the frog so rapidly as 
to throw doubt upon any experiments in which the progress of the 
power is supposed to be arrested by tying an artery. Curiously 
enough, Drs. Ringer and Murrell, while doubting the experiments 
of Liegeois and Hottot, accept the conclusions founded upon these 
asserted erroneous experiments, seemingly because they them- 
selves have found that Aconitia causes abolition of reflex action 
more rapidly in brainless than in normal frogs. It is evident, 
that, if this asserted fact were true, it would in no way prove the 
conclusion of Liegeois and Hottot. Further, the experiments on 
brainless frogs were only three in number and it is perfectly pos- 
sible that the rapid reflex palsy was simply the result of batrachian 
idiosyncrasies. The only safe conclusion on the evidence, is that 
the evidence does not warrant any conclusion. 
"For reasons already given, the deductions are, however, now 
warranted by their premises. All the phenomena, except the final 
loss of voluntary power, are explainable by the action of the drug 
upon the sensitive nerves. The final extinction of voluntary 
movement must be due to an action upon the motor tract of the 
spinal cord, as the peripheral motor apparatus is not distinctly 
affected. Experiments by Mackenzie on frogs, have yielded ap- 
parently contrary results to those of Boehm and Wartmann as to 
the effect of removal of the influence of Setschenow's center upon 
the cord in Aconitized frogs. The difference probably depends 
upon difference in the doses employed. Boehm and Wartmann 
distinctly state, that, when minute doses of Aconitia are employed, ACONITE. 
39 
there is a primary period of excitement of the spinal centers. 
Mackenzie has found, that the convulsions which are so severe in 
frogs after small quantities of Aconite, are chiefly of spinal origin, 
but that the peripheral motor apparatus shares the stimulation 
with the spinal motor tract. M. Guilland also affirms this pri- 
mary stimulant spinal action. If it exists at all in mammals, it is 
in them completely masked. The convulsions seen in Aconite- 
poisoning in some mammals are cerebral, not spinal; as I have 
experimentally determined that they do not occur in those portions 
•of the body separated by spinal section from cerebral influence. 
"As Boehm and Wartmann found that the reflex activity was 
lost more rapidly than the power of voluntary movement, and 
that no increase of reflex activity occurs in the Aconitized frog 
when the cord is cut so as to release it from the influence of 
Setschenow's reflex inhibitory centers, they draw the conclusion 
that the Aconitia first depresses the reflex activity of the sensitive 
spinal centers, and afterward that of the motor spinal centers, 
until the cord is completely paralyzed. "-Dr. II. C. Wood. 
Aconite is a protoplasmic poison, and destroys the functions 
of all nitrogenous tissue; first, of the central nervous system; 
next, of the nerves; and, last, of the muscles; paralyzing first 
the sensory perceptive center; and, through this central nervous 
system, it is a powerful depressant of the motor nerves and 
muscles. Aconite affects all the structures of the heart; first its 
ganglia, next its nerves, and lastly its muscular substance. 
Upon the brain, iwe have intense hyperjemia, from paralysis of 
the capillary blood-vessels ; as shown by the swollen face, blue lips, 
violent pain in the head; partial insensibility, delirium, mania, 
despair, whizzing noises in the ears, loss of sight, vertigo, anxiety, 
restlessness, etc. 
Vagi.-Upon the respiratory center, Aconite is a direct de- 
pressant and paralyzant. "Aconite acts very directly upon the 
respiratory centers; and this effect is not produced by any stim- 
ulation of the inhibitory fibers of the vagus, and so arresting the 
action of the discharging center, but by the effects upon the center 
itself, in the medulla. The respiration, when lethal doses are 
taken, becomes slower and deeper, until the respiratory center ip 
completely exhausted. We have then violent dyspnoea, inflam- 
mation and death. 
"The action of Aconite upon the respiration is very decided. 
In mammals, the respirations, under the influence of the drug, 
are slow, with a prolonged expiration following immediately upon 40 
ACONITE. 
the inspiration. After the expiration there is a long pause. The- 
whole breathing cycle resembles very much that occurring after 
section of the vagi; and, like the alteration in breathing after this 
section, seems to be due, at least in part, to paralysis of sensory 
or afferent fibers. The known influence of Aconite upon the pe- 
ripheral afferent nerves in general, suggests that the poison dis- 
turbs repiration by paralyzing the peripheral afferent fibers of the 
vagi. The evidence upon this point is somewhat contradictory, . 
Mackenzie affirming, that, in the Aconitized animal, section of the 
vagi produces no effect on the respiration, while Boehm and Wart - 
mann affirm that Aconite produces its usual effect after division of 
the nerves. It is plain, that, even if the Aconite does paralyze 
the peripheral afferent vagi, it must also act upon the respiratory 
centers, since arrest of respiration could not be caused by afferent 
palsy. As the arrest occurs in the frog before the motor nerves 
are affected by the poison, Liegeois and Hottot believe that the 
disturbance is centric; and I think there can be no doubt that 
Aconite is a depressant and paralyzant of the respiratory centers."' 
-H. C. Wood. 
Serous Membranes.-Aconite affects especially the capillaries, 
of serous membranes, producing paralysis and intense conges- 
tion, through a direct impression upon the retinae of the cerebro- 
spinal and vaso-motor nerves supplied to them. Inflammation of 
serous membranes does not generally go on to ulceration, slough- 
ing and gangrene; but the fluid that is thrown out in the second 
stage takes on what is called "adhesive inflammation." The fluid 
effused undergoes such an organizing process as to glue the oppos- 
ing surfaces of the serous membranes together. As soon as the 
second stage, that of effusion, takes place in serous membranes, 
the usefulness of Aconite ceases, and Bryonia, Arnica, Sulphur, 
or some other remedy must be chosen; but, up to the stage of 
effusion, Aconite is the remedy par excellence. The inflammation 
caused by Aconite is rheumatic in character; and most examples 
of inflammation in serous membranes are rheumatic in character; 
and this explains why Aconite is souseful in these inflammations. 
Tendons and Fibrous Tissues.-Aconite has a special and 
specific action on the joints, producing inflammation of a rheu- 
matic character; and no remedy will be so often called for in 
acute inflammation of the joints, especially if used locally as well 
as internally, prepared as an ointment, using from two to ten 
grains of Aconitia to the drachm of Cosmoline. ACONITE. 
41 
Mucous Membrane.-In cases of poisoning with Aconite, in- 
flammation of nose, mouth, and fauces, is a striking effect of the 
drug. Salivation and vomiting are often well marked. This is 
accompanied with violent pains in the stomach, though rarely 
does it produce colic and diarrhoea : but constipation is most fre- 
quent and marked. Results of autopsies : The lips, and mucous 
membrane of the mouth and throat, are found to be destitute of 
epithelium, the mouth and fauces being intensely congested; the 
hypersemia often extending to the stomach and small intestines, 
with here and there small patches of inflammation ; and, in a few 
cases, gangrene has been found. The liver, spleen, and kidneys 
are all engorged, and the bladder strongly contracted. 
Temperature.-Aconite first produces chilliness, more es- 
pecially down the spine and sides, soon followed by general and 
constant burning heat, with elevation of the temperature ; this is 
followed by copious perspiration, from an increased flow of blood 
to the skin. In fatal cases of poisoning with Aconite, the tem- 
perature has been found to fall three degrees ; and, in acute 
inflammations with high temperature, no remedy will reduce the 
temperature with such certainty and rapidity. 
"Fothergill attributes the effect of Aconite and other cardiac 
depressants, on inflammation, to their influence on the vascular 
system. It has been shown that the vascular system is always 
in a state of semi-contraction, and that, by paralyzing the vaso- 
motor nerves, it is possible to double its capacity. Aconite dilates 
the arterioles, and greatly increases the capacity of the vascular 
system, and by this means drains blood away from the inflam- 
mation; in fact, this drug 'bleeds the patient into his own ves- 
sels.' As the vessels leading to an inflamed organ are already 
paralyzed, Aconite does not augment the supply of blood to it;" 
but, in medicinal doses, it stimulates these dilated arterioles, and 
causes them to return to their normal state of semi-contraction, 
thus curing symptoms similar to those which it causes in toxic 
doses. 
"Aconite slows and weakens the heart; hence, the circulation 
becomes less rapid, with corresponding decrease in its chemical 
changes; this diminished oxidation involving, of course, dimin- 
ished production of heat." The heat is also diminished by radi- 
ation and evaporation from copious perspiration. Aconite often 
fails to produce perspiration in children; but, at the same time, 
the temperature is quickly reduced, by the action of this drug, in 
all synochal inflammations. 42 
ACONITE. 
Therajjeutic Individuality. 
Aconite is especially adapted to the first stage of all acute 
synochal and rheumatic inflammations, especially if brought on 
by sudden changes in the temperature, from warm to cold, windy 
weather; sudden congestions and inflammations, with full, bound- 
ing pulse; great heat; restlessness; thirst, and great nervous 
excitability, with anguish of mind. 
"Aconite produces, so far as we know, almost no localized 
diseased condition. Even when given in large and fatal doses, it 
acts as a depressant, paralyzing the cerebro-spinal nervous sys- 
tem ; but it produces death by this paralysis, and without previ- 
ously localizing its action in any organ or system. It gives 
evidence of no dyscrasia. Its action bears no resemblance to that 
of the poison which produces any of the miasmatic diseases, such 
as the exanthemata, typhus, intermittent, remittent, or continued 
fevers. Neither does its action, from beginning to end of a fatal 
case of poisoning, resemble the well-defined course of any local, 
acute inflammation, as of the brain, heart, lungs, pleura, etc. 
"Yet, in all these pure inflammations, there is a period in which 
Aconite is indicated, and will do an heroic work; for every one of 
these inflammations which eventually become localized has a first 
stage which consists of arterial excitement, and which is prior to 
that stage that is characterized by change of function and of tis- 
sue and by local deposit. This stage is that in which Aconite 
plays so important a part, and in which, if promptly and ju- 
diciously employed, it may arrest and cut short the entire disease. 
"Thus it may be employed in meningitis, ophthalmia, tonsil- 
litis, croup, bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary congestion, and 
haemoptysis, pleuritis, pericarditis, endocarditis (and as a pallia- 
tive in hypertrophy), gastritis, peritonitis, acute rheumatism, neu- 
ralgia supra-orbitalis ; but only when the moral symptoms named 
by Hahnemann, are present."-D. 
When an inflammation has passed from the stage of arterial 
excitement to the commencement of suppuration, tie usefulness of 
Aconite ceases, and another drug, like Bry., Bell., Rhus tox., 
Hep., Sil., or Merc., will have to be selected. 
"This is in entire harmony with Hahnemann's urgent admo- 
nition to heed what he regarded as the great characteristic indi- 
cation of Aconite ;-"the anguish of mind and body; the restless- 
ness; the disquiet, not to be allayed." This state of mind and 
body accords precisely with the general phenomena of that arterial 
excitement which attends the invasion of an acute inflammation ; ACONITE. 
43 
while the localization of the inflammation and the occurrence of 
exudation are marked by a subsidence of this general anguish; 
symptoms of local organic embarrassment being substituted for it, 
and the general constitutional symptoms being rather those of 
exhaustion and depression."-D. 
"Aconite may be called for in the first stage of every acute 
inflammation ; but remove from the mind the idea that it cures all 
inflammations; e. g., in the second stage of pneumonia it is good 
for nothing. How shall we know the stage that calls for Aconite 
in these acute inflammations ? By the symptoms which are char- 
acteristic of Aconite ; viz., the heat of surface, or external cold and 
internal heat; thirst; quick, excited but-not hard pulse; copious 
sweat, with burning heat; and, above all, anguish and restlessness 
of mind and body, tossing which will not be quieted, foreboding 
and anticipation of death."-D. 
Fear is one of the most prominent symptoms in the whole 
pathogenesis of Aconite. "Great fear and anxiety of mind, with 
great nervous excitability; afraid to go out, to go where there is 
any excitement or many people, or to cross a street. His life, in 
fact, is rendered miserable by this all-pervading fearfulness ; even 
the countenance expresses this fear."-G. 
"Fear of death, predicts the day he will die; is alarmed, and 
sure he will die, although there is no occasion for it; great fear, 
during pregnancy, that the child will be deformed, or that she 
will die."-G. 
"Moaning, anxious lamentations; reproaches from trifling 
causes; delirium, especially at night, raves, springs out of bed ; in 
the morning excessive sweat."-Tig. 
"Restlessness, agony, internal anxiety ; does everything in great 
haste; must move about or change position often."-Ilg. 
"Music is unbearable, it makes her sad; has no affection for 
anybody, especially during pregnancy."-Ilg. 
"On arising from a recumbent posture, the red face becomes 
deathly pale, or he becomes dizzy and falls over; he fears to rise 
again; often accompanied by vanishing of sight or unconscious- 
ness."-Hg. 
"Aconite produces a well-marked vertigo, a sensation of sway- 
ing to and fro in the brain. This is increased by stooping, and 
by motion generally, especially by suddenly rising from a recum- 
bent posture. Sometimes vision is obscured by it. In connection 
with these symptoms, a bursting headache, accelerated pulse and 
internal heat of the head, with at the same time perspiration of 
the head and thorax."-D 44 
ACONITE. 
"Burning headache, as if the brain was agitated by boiling; 
fullness and heavy feeling, as if everything would push out of the 
forehead; congestive headache; sun-stroke; as if the brain was 
moved or raised; worse during motion, drinking, talking, or in 
sunlight; congestion, anxiety; face hot and red, or pale ; carotids 
pulsate strongly; pulse full, strong, or small and quick; worse 
toward evening; apoplexy."-Hg. 
Headache as if everything would come out of the forehead, with 
vertigo on rising, with fainting and pale face. 
"The headache is characteristic. Heaviness and pressure in 
the forehead as if there were a load pressing outward, as if it would 
all come out there ; throbbing, with internal soreness and pressing 
outward. Its location is in the forehead and temples, involving the 
eyes and upper jaw. It is aggravated by motion, stooping, and, 
noise, and relieved by repose. Head and face are hot, especially 
internally, and covered with hot perspiration."-D. 
Scalp very sensitive to the touch ; bends the head far back. 
Eyes.-Acute conjunctivitis, or rheumatic ophthalmia; eyes 
excessively painful, feeling as if some foreign substance had lodged 
in them. 
"Sensitive to light, especially of the sun ; light dazzles the eyes ; 
pupils contracted, then dilated; eyeballs feel too large."-Hg. 
"In earlier stages of violent acute inflammations of the deep 
structures of the ball, when it becomes sensitive to touch and feels 
as if it were protruding; rarely after exudation."-Hg. 
"Aconite is the remedy for inflammations which are very pain- 
ful, with heat and burning, as well as dryness ; inflammatory con- 
ditions resulting from irritant action of foreign bodies, as chips of 
steel, stone, or coal, in the cornea, which produce dry rubbing of 
the lid over the ball, with injected vessels ; irritations caused by 
ingrowing lashes; catarrhal inflammation, first stage, prior to 
exudation ; chemosis of conjunctiva, with pain so terrible that one 
wishes to die ; in acute aggravations of granulated lids and pannus 
of the cornea, with excessive hypersemia, heat, and dryness, 
especially if the aggravation be induced by overheating from vio- 
lent exertion, or by exposure to dry, cold air; in true sclerotitis, 
acute stage, with contracted pupils, sticking or tearing pains, pho- 
tophobia, a blue circle around the cornea, and violent aching in 
the balls (compare Spigelia)."-A. and N. 
"Lids feel dry, burn, and are sensitive to the air; hard swollen, 
red, with tense feeling; worse mornings."-Hg. ACONITE. 
45 
Ears.-Most of the ear symptoms are indicative of cerebral 
disturbance, but some are idiopathic. 
"Averse to noises ; they startle him, and are intolerable ; music 
goes through every limb, makes her sad; roaring, humming; ring- 
ing in the ears."-Hah. 
Stinging in the ear; meatus red and narrowed, with violent 
earache. Use the tincture heated, and drop in the ear, as well as 
the dilutions internally. 
Erysipelatous inflammation of the ears. 
Nose.-"Sense of smell very acute, especially for unpleasant 
odors."-Hg. 
Dry coryza, from sudden changes of temperature, with fever, 
thirst, and great restlessness; cannot breathe through the nose. 
Plethora, with nosebleed; blood bright red, with headache. 
Face.-Anxious or frightened expression. 
"Face burning, fiery red and bloated; feels as if it was too 
large."-Hg. 
"Face pale, with restlessness and an expression of anxiety; 
face dark red in apoplexy."-Hg. 
"Neuralgia of the trigeminus, left side ; face red and hot; rest- 
lessness, anguish; rolling about, screaming."-Jig. [Tincture 
locally.] 
Mouth.-Burning, tingling sensation, extending along the 
dorsum of the tongue, and along the fauces, down to the stomach, 
with tingling in the lips, tongue, fauces, fingers, and spine. 
Everything tastes bitter, excepting water; or the mouth tastes 
foul, flat, and nauseous. 
Tongue coated white, or thick yellow, with unquenchable thirst. 
"Tongue red and dry, with great thirst; sensation of dryness 
and rawness in the middle of the tongue ; tongue swollen."-Hg. 
"Trembling and temporary stammering of the tongue."-Hg. 
"Toothache, from cold, dry winds, especially in young, plethoric 
people, with throbbing in one side of the face; teeth sensitive to 
cold air; intense redness of the cheek, congestion of the head, 
and great restlessness."-Hg. 
"Constantly moving the lower jaw, as in chewing; meningitis." 
-Hg. 
Mouth and lips dry and burning, with much thirst. 
Throat.-The symptoms of the throat, both objective and 
subjective, show inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 46 
ACONITE. 
throat, tonsils, fauces, and pharynx. Rough and scraped sensa- 
tion, with redness of the whole fauces. 
"Acute inflammation of the throat (palate, tonsils, and fauces), 
with high fever, and dark redness of the parts; burning and 
stinging in the fauces; feeling as if a stick had stuck in me 
throat. "-Hg. 
No remedy is more valuable in all acute inflammations of the 
throat. 
Appetite.-Unquenchable thirst, and frequently excessive 
hunger, in first stages of all local inflammations. 
> "Desires wine, brandy, beer, and bitter drinks; no appetite; 
loathing of food, qualmishness."-Hg. 
Great thirst, and, though he can not retain fluids in the 
stomach, yet will always drink ; then up it comes as from a pump, 
all up and out in a very short time, before a basin can be pro- 
duced. "-G. 
Stomach.-The majority of the stomach symptoms are a 
result of derangement of other organs, especially cerebral dis- 
turbance. 
Bitter, bilious vomiting, with anguish and cold perspiration. 
"Vomiting of lumbrici; of bile; of green masses, with green 
stools; of mucus; of blood and mucus, with anxiety and great 
thirst; vomiting and purging of green water."-Hg. 
"Sudden excruciating pain, with gagging, retching, vomiting 
of blood, gasping; cold sweat on the forehead ; congestion of the 
mucous lining of the stomach ; scarlatina ; burning from stomach 
up to the mouth; pressure in pit of the stomach, as from a 
stone."-Hg. 
"Heaviness in stomach and hypochondria ; after repeated vom- 
itings, there still remains a sensation as if a cold stone lay in the 
stomach. "-D. 
"Burning in the stomach and umbilical region, extending to 
the epigastrium, with throbbing; chills and fever."-I). 
Inflammations brought on from ice-water, ice-cream, etc. - 
Hypochondria.-Acute inflammation of the liver, with burn- 
ing, stinging pains; pressure and constriction in the liver, hypo- 
chondria tense and swollen, with oppressive breathing. Pain 
going from liver to stomach; stitches in the liver, and jaundice. 
"Jaundice during pregnancy; after fright; from cold, with 
catarrh of the small intestines; acute hepatitis, with high fever." 
-Hr/. 
Inflammation of the spleen with inflammatory fever. ACONITE. 
47 
Abdomen.-Enteritis or peritonitis, with high fever; sharp, 
cutting pains in the whole abdomen, which is very tender to the 
touch; abdomen much swollen after scarlatina, with general 
anasarca. Use the tincture. It will cure most cases of dropsy 
after scarlatina, where the kidneys are involved. 
"Abdomen burning hot, tense, tympanitic, sensitive to the least 
touch; cutting pains; fever and great anguish; meteorism, vom- 
iting, inability to urinate; peritonitis."-Hg. 
"Colic forces him double, yet relieved in no position; involving 
the ihtestines and bladder; constant desire to urinate."-Hg. 
"Hernia, recent and small; incarcerated, with bilious vomit- 
ing, cold sweat; burning as from coals of fire."-Hg. 
The mucous membranes of the intestine, peritoneum, and 
liver, are highly inflamed by Aconite,-as shown by post mortems. 
Stool.-"Green, watery diarrhoea, like chopped spinach."-G. 
"Bilious diarrhoea of infants, with colic which no position nor 
circumstance relieves."-G. 
First stages of acute bowel diseases; stools watery, dark 
colored, slimy mucus ; bloody, small, and frequent; after sudden 
cold changes of temperature; great thirst and fear of death. 
Dysentery, with high, synochal fever; great fear and restless- 
ness, accompanied with cutting, lancinating, burning, and tearing 
pains in the abdomen; stools of mucus and blood. 
"Dysentery or inflammatory diarrhoea during hot days and 
cold nights ; urging; slimy stools ; intolerable nightly tingling and 
itching in the anus."-Hg. 
Haemorrhoids, with acute inflammation; excessively sensitive; 
or bleeding piles of bright red blood. 
Hemorrhage from the bowels, blood bright red. 
Urinary Organs.-Well-marked irritation and inflammation 
of the mucous membrane of the urinary tract; urine red, scanty, 
or retention of urine, with great restlessness and anxiety from 
sudden changes from hot to cold. 
"Retention of urine from cold, particularly in children, with 
much crying and restlessness."-G. 
"Renal region sensitive, with shooting pains; violent burning 
in the bladder; inflammation of the bladder; constant urging, 
water passes in drops, with burning, mixed with blood; heat and 
tenderness over the pubes; painful, anxious urging to urinate; 
burning in the urethra when urinating; children put their hands 
to the genitals and cry out."-Hg. 
"Haematuria, with haemorrhoids of the bladder."-Hg. 48 
ACONITE. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-In all acute inflammations, especially 
the first stage of gonorrhoea, we have no drug that will equal 
Aconite. I use the tincture in water locally, and give the tincture 
of the root in from one to three drop doses every two hours. 
In acute orchitis; high fever, with tearing or bruised pains in 
the testicles; from cold or gonorrhoea. (Internally and locally.) 
"Increased sexual desire; lascivious dreams; or sexual desire 
lessened; parts relaxed; tingling, etc."-Hg. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Suppression of the menses, from 
fright, or cold. Ovaritis from sudden check of the menstrual 
flow, or cold. 
"Menses too late, diminished and protracted; menses sup- 
pressed from wet feet or cold bath; restores the menses of ple- 
thoric women when checked from any cause."-Hg. 
In plethoric women, profuse catamenia; uterine hemorrhage 
very active; fear of death, and great restlessness. 
Amenorrhcea in plethoric females ; nosebleed, with palpitations 
of the heart. Inflammation of the genitals ; vagina dry and hot 
and sensitive. Prolapsus of the uterus, with acute inflammations 
and great anxiety; labor-like pressing-down in the uterus; dys- 
menorrhcea. 
Pregnancy.-Great restlessness and fear of death during labor, 
is sure she will die; tedious, difficult labor; vagina hot and dry, 
and the os uteri tender and undilatable. 
"Violent labor-pains, in rapid succession; contractions insuf- 
ficient; red, sweating face, and great thirst."-Hg. 
After-pains very severe ; last too long, with great restlessness. 
Milk fever; mammae hot, hard, tense, with scanty milk; fever, 
with delirium and great anxiety. 
"Childbed fever, after suppression of lochia, mammae lax, no 
milk ; dry, hot skin ; hard, frequent pulse, or tensive, contracted; 
fearful; wild, staring, glittering eyes; dry tongue, great thirst; 
inflated abdomen, sensitive to the slightest touch."-Hg. [Lo- 
cally and internally.] 
Puerperal convulsions, from fright; great cerebral excitement; 
hot, dry skin, thirst, restlessness, and fear of death. 
Acute puerperal peritonitis. (Locally and internally.) 
Respiratory Organs.-Croup, brought on by sudden change 
of temperature from warm to intensely cold weather. 
"First stage of croup, with dry, hoarse cough and loud breath- 
ing during expiration, but not during inspiration; every expira- 
tion ends with a hoarse, hacking cough; croupy cough, waking ACONITE. 
49 
in first sleep, particularly with children, after dry, cold west 
■winds."-G. 
"Short, dry, titillating cough, every inspiration seems to in- 
crease the cough; child grasps at his throat after every coughing 
fit."-G. 
In sanguine, plethoric temperaments, where the primary or 
inflammatory stage is not passed if there is high fever present. 
It suits a loose as well as a dry cough, but, as a rule, will be found 
to act best where there is a dry cough, aggravated at night. In dry 
bronchial catarrh, in its most obstinate form, Aconite is the most 
reliable agent we have, where there are long fits of dry morning 
and evening cough, so trying to the patient, from their every-day 
recurrence. 
"Where the left lung is most involved, and the pleura is at the 
same time implicated, manifested by a sharp, stitching pain on 
breathing, and the cough, which would be very hard were it not 
suppressed on account of the pain, is almost dry, it being ex- 
tremely difficult to raise anything. The little that is brought up 
is tenacious, falling in a round lump, and of a dark cherry-red 
color. Aconite 30th is assuredly the remedy."-Dr. C. Pearson. 
"Pleurisy and pneumonia, with great heat, much thirst, dry 
cough, and great nervous excitability; quick, anxious, labored, 
sobbing; stitches through the chest and side, especially when 
breathing and coughing."-Lippe 
"Laryngitis, larynx sensitive to touch and to inspired air, as if 
denuded, with inflammatory fever, and sometimes suffocative 
spasms of the glottis."-Hg. 
"Cough, clear, ringing or whistling; short, dry, loud, forcible, 
spasmodic, or suffocating, with rust-colored expectoration."-Hg. 
"Stitches in the chest hindering respiration; can not breathe 
freely, in consequence of a sensation as if the lungs would not 
expand; the child has much oppression of the chest, anxiety, can 
scarcely cough, the suffering is so intense."-G. 
"Asthma from active hypersemia of the lungs and brain; face 
red, eyes staring; feeling of a band round the chest; muscles of 
the chest are rigid; agony, sits up in bed, can hardly breathe; 
pulse like a thread; vomiturition ; urine scanty, dark; sweat with 
anxiety; after the paroxysm, has white, yellow, or blood-streaked 
sputa."-Hg. 
Haemoptysis; the blood comes up with great ease by hemming 
and hawking, of a bright red color, and in large quantities; from 
exercise or cold, dry west wind; with great fear and anxiety of 
mind, and palpitation of the heart. 50 
ACONITE. 
"Expectoration of bloody mucus, with cough. There is almost 
always a tingling sensation in the chest after coughing. There 
may be stitches in the chest and side, which are often so severe 
as to interfere considerably with respiration; can only get half- 
inch respirations."-G. 
Burning in the lungs from inflammation of the bronchial mu- 
cous membrane. In pneumonia and pleurisy, compelled to lie on 
the back. 
Heart.-Great anguish and palpitation of the heart; pulse 
hard, strong, and full, in inflammations, with great thirst. 
"Anxiety about the praecordia ; heart-beats quick, strong, and 
powerful; or like a thread, weak, quick, hard, and small, with 
great fear of death."-Hg. 
Apoplexy with hard, full pulse; carotids beat violently. In 
peritonitis, the pulse is quick, hard, and small. In meningitis, 
strong, full, rapid pulse. Angina pectoris, feeble pulse, cold sweat, 
and great fear of death. Pericarditis, pulse hard, strong, and 
contracted. Rheumatism, heart greatly agitated, etc. 
Fever.-Synochal fever, with full, bounding pulse, great heat, 
restlessness, unquenchable thirst for large quantities of water, 
with great nervous excitability ; great heat, and agony; craves a 
large amount of cold drink. 
"Chill, skin cool, cold to the touch; ascends from the feet to the 
chest; formication between the shoulders and down the back; 
finger-tips cold, nails blue, worse in a warm room; cold chills, 
with rigors and goose-flesh; worse at rest, relieved by motion."- 
"Alternate heat and chill at night; restless, wants to uncover, 
yet chilly therefrom ; face hot, hands and feet cold."-Hg. 
"Dry, burning heat; fever unbearable toward evening and 
after getting into bed; great thirst; hard, full, frequent pulse; 
anxious, impatient; beside himself, tossing about with agony."- 
"Inflammatory fevers and inflammations, with much heat; dry, 
burning skin ; violent thirst; shortness of breath, and great nervous 
anxiety. "-77//. 
Copious, profuse, free sweat; the covered and affected parts 
perspire copiously; worse while sweating, but better afterward; 
profuse sweats generally relieve, especially so in rheumatism ; can 
not bear to be covered. 
"Bad effects of suppressed sweat; catarrhs; fevers ; local in- 
flammations, etc."-77q. ACONITE. 
51 
Skin.-Acute erysipelas, with synochal fever; skin red, hot, 
and swollen, with much pain; anxiety, and great restlessness. 
Scarlet rash, with fine, red eruption; high fever; great rest- 
lessness and anxiety; nausea and vomiting. Especially suited to 
the first stage, before the eruption appears, but is my leading 
remedy throughout the disease, unless the throat symptoms are 
very severe, calling for Belladonna or Rhus tox. No drug can 
equal Aconite for the dropsy following, with renal congestion and 
great anasarca; but it must be given in the tincture. 
Skin dry, hot, with fine prickings, as from needles ; all degrees 
of incomplete anaesthesia. 
Measles, red miliary eruption; dry, barking cough; eyes red, 
can not bear the light; painful hoarseness; restless moaning and 
lamenting; tongue red; fever extremely high. 
Jaundice, especially during pregnancy. 
Neck and Back.-Painful stiff neck, with tearing pains, worse 
from motion; pains down the neck to the right shoulder."-Hg. 
"Crawling in the spine, as from beetles; formication; high 
fever; numbness of the small of the back, extending into the lower 
limbs. Spinal meningitis."-Hg. 
"Pain in small of the back, especially at the last lumbar verte- 
brae, as if beaten; spasms from inflammation of the spine."-Hg. 
Arms.-Much numb, tingling sensation in the back and in the 
fingers, from irritation of the sentient nerves. 
"Numbness of the left arm, can hardly move the hand."-6r. 
"Arms hang powerless, as if paralyzed by blows; meningitis. 
Paralysis of the wrists ; creeping pains in the fingers ; hot palms ; 
hands icy cold; cold, sweaty palms."-7 A/. 
"Painful sensitiveness of any part of the body; does not wish to 
be touched, on account of this sensitiveness; of course, he will be 
irritable, and fearful of any one approaching him."-G. 
Lower Limbs.-"This remedy is frequently indicated when 
there is a great and sudden sinking of the strength; but here we 
must look to the mind. If we find cheerfulness and content, with 
no alarm, Aconite is not the remedy; but, if we find great alarm 
at this sudden sinking, study Aconite."-G. 
"Hip and hip-joint (left) swollen, hot, and exceedingly painful 
to touch; fear, great thirst; anxious; acute rheumatism."-Hg. 
"Legs feel powerless; tired; shooting, tearing pains in legs, 
knees, ankles, and toes; knees swollen; painful, throbbing, cut- 
ting pains, can not sleep; acute rheumatism."-Hg. 52 
zESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM. 
''Legs stiff after taking cold ; legs and feet numb ; tingling, go 
to sleep while walking."-Hg. 
"Coldness of the feet and ankles; toes cold and sweaty."-Hg. 
Of great value in rheumatic inflammation of the joints; the 
parts are swollen, bright red, and shining; sensitive to the least 
contact; high fever; worse evening and at night. Also for mus- 
cular rheumatism, convulsions of children, especially when teeth- 
ing ; child bites at his fist; frets constantly; anxious, and worse 
at night. Aconite is of great value in neuralgia, with congestions, 
especially if caused by cold, dry west winds, or checked perspira- 
tion. Used both locally and internally. 
To enumerate the diseases for which Aconite is suitable would 
be to mention the acute inflammations of every possible tissue 
and organ in the body; but the inflammations to which it is par- 
ticularly suitable are those of all the serous membranes, the mu- 
cous membranes, muscular substance, joints, tendons, and liga- 
ments. In all active hemorrhages. In acute neuralgias, with 
active congestion. In acute rheumatism and all exanthematous 
fevers. 
Aggravation.-In the evening and night the pains are insup- 
portable ; in a warm room; from motion; when arising in bed; 
from tobacco smoke; can not lie on the left side in chest affections, 
nor take deep inspirations. 
Amelioration.-During the day; in the open air; after perspi- 
ration ; rheumatism during rest; washing in cold water; and from 
acids, wine, and coffee. 
yESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM. 
Horse Chestnut. 
Habitat: Europe, Asia. America, etc. Tincture of the ripe, fresh nut, Class TH. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, JEsculus has one special center 
of action : 
I. Colon, Rectum, and Anus. Congestion, Hemorrhoids. 
Colon and Rectum.-Through the lower spinal column, /Escn- 
lus produces portal congestion, which reacts upon the colon and 
rectum, producing catarrhal inflammation ; the parts are dry and 
swollen. The haemorrhoidal vessels become intensely congested, tESCULUS hippocastanum. 
53 
the rectum and anus violently inflamed, producing piles in their 
most aggravated form. 
The filaments of the motor nerves that emanate from the lower 
portion of the spinal cord, and are distributed to the mucous mem- 
brane of the colon and rectum, have their functions paralyzed so 
as to entirely suspend the secretions of the mucous follicles, 
producing constipation and white-colored stools. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Especially adapted to people subject to haemorrhoids from portal 
congestion. 
Constant severe aching pain in the sacro-lumbar region, as if 
the back would break; from haemorrhoids and spinal exhaustion. 
Large haemorrhoids that quite block up the rectum, not in- 
clined to bleed, but especially painful; excessive dryness of the 
rectum and anus, with a feeling as if it had been filled with sticks. 
"Dreadful pain in the anus; could not sit, stand, or lie down. 
The pain was like a knife sawing backward and forward; almost 
martyrdom for agony."-Hughes. 
Haemorrhoidal tumors protrude from the rectum; are of a blue, 
purple color, with sharp, shooting, cutting, burning pains; ac- 
companied by great aching in the sacral region. Use the cerate 
locally, and the 2d dil. internally. Stools constipated, or soft and 
papescent. 
Prolapsus ani, with constipation; stools hard and knotted, 
with great backache. 
It is said to act well in jaundice. Dr. Hart says : "Throbbing 
in the abdominal and pelvic cavities, is an especial key for this 
remedy, in intra-abdominal and pelvic congestions." 
"Leucorrhoea, with lameness in the back, across the sacro-iliac 
articulations, with great pain and fatigue from walking."-G. 
Urine dark, muddy, high colored, or yellow, with mucus ; hot 
and scalding. 
Legs so weak can hardly walk ; paralysis of arms and legs from 
spinal exhaustion. Has cured intermittent fever. 
Aggravation.-From walking; from movement of bowels. 
Amelioration.-From rest. 54 
ALOES. 
ALOES. 
Socotrine Aloes. 
Habitat: Africa, Asia, etc. Tincture according to Class IV., and Triturations. 
Antidotes.-Vegetable acids. 
Through the abdominal sympathetic, Aloes have three special centers 
of action : 
1. Liver. Portal Congestion and Increased Biliary Secretion. 
II. Large Intestines. (Muscular Coat.) Increased Peristalsis. 
III. Skin. Producing Eczema. 
Liver.-Aloes produce portal congestion, and greatly increase 
the biliary secretion. The recent experiments of Rutherford have 
shown Aloes to be possessed of undoubted cholagogue properties. 
Bile, when applied to the muscular coat of the intestine, not only 
excites the secretions, but greatly increases the muscular contrac- 
tions ; hence its cathartic action. 
Large Intestines.-This remedy has a specific action upon 
the muscular portion of the large intestine ; whether from the ac- 
tion of bile upon it, or from nervous influence derived from the 
hypogastric plexus, it is hard to say; but it is, probably, from both, 
the nervous centers being excited first, and, through them, the 
peristaltic actions, and the secretions are increased. Dr. Ringer 
says : "It is chiefly employed as a purgative. Its action is slow ; 
and six, twelve, or even twenty-four hours may elapse before it 
operates. It produces bulky motions, a little softened, but not 
watery. It evidently acts but little on the mucous membrane of 
the intestines, and is merely a faecal evacuent." 
It also acts powerfully upon the rectum, producing severe con- 
gestion ; haemorrhoids, and tenesmus. And this congestion of 
the rectum, through sympathy, extends to all the pelvic viscera; 
the menstrual function becomes more abundant; and abortion 
may be produced with large doses. In the male, frequent erec- 
tions. As a purgative, its action is slow, ten to twenty grains 
acting in from six to twelve hours. 
Skin.-Here Aloes have a slight action, producing eczema; 
and, on the scalp, the hair turns gray and falls out in spots. ALOES. 
55 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Morning diarrhoea; stools yellow, watery, jelly-like, or windy, 
by intense griping pains across the lower abdomen, 
with tenesmus during stool; followed by extreme prostration. 
Eating causes a great desire for stool. 
Watery stools, the desire for which can not be put off for one 
moment, with much flatulence ; severe colic, and gurgling noise in 
the bowels ; constant sense of insecurity of the sphincter ani; the 
rectum feels full of fluid, feeling as if it would fall out, with great 
faintness during and after each stool. 
"Morning diarrhoea, every summer for ten years while dressing 
she is seized with colic in the umbilical region ; nausea, chilliness, 
followed by a sudden and irresistible desire for stool; can hardly 
get to the water-closet, before a dark, almost black, offensive and 
liquid stool passes off; usually the nausea and colic are not wholly 
relieved until the second stool. Aloes 3x cured in two days."- 
Dr. IF. 5'. Searle. 
"Dysentery, stools frequent and extremely painful, with burn- 
ing tenesmus at the extremity of the rectum."-Dr. A. E. Small. 
Haemorrhoidal congestions; the haemorrhoids bleed often and 
profusely; protrude like grapes, with much tenesmus. 
"Fistula in ano; it has never disappointed me."-Dr. Boyd. 
"Jaundice of an atonic kind, a bilious state, with a coated 
tongue ; foul breath ; tumid abdomen and constipation."-Bartho- 
loiv. 
Extreme prostration, with perspiration. 
Aloes greatly resemble Sulphur, in chronic abdominal plethora, 
•especially in weak, phlegmatic people. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early, last too long, 
and too profuse, with fullness and heaviness in the region of the 
uterus, and pressing-down in the rectum. 
"Experience has shown that this drug is among the most effi- 
cient agents for exciting the uterine vessels, and directing the afflux 
of blood to them, and deserves to be counted the best remedy we 
possess against those protracted, exhausting, and obstinate hem- 
orrhages from the uterus, which occur in females of nervous, re- 
laxed, and phlegmatic habits, at the critical period."-Dr. Eberle. 
"Leucorrhoea of mucus and blood, with prolapsus uteri and 
much backache."-Hg. 
I rinary Organs.-"Frequent urging to urinate ; dark-colored ; 
burning, and, every time he urinates, feeling as if he must have a 
thin stool."-Hg. 56 
ALUMINA 
"Incontinence of urine, in old men with enlarged prostate 
gland."-Hg. 
Head.-Dull, heavy headache, with biliousness. 
"A peculiar, heavy, dull, pressing pain in the forehead, of no 
great severity, but which indisposes to, or even incapacitates for, 
all exertion, especially for intellectual labor."-Dr. P. P. Wells. 
"Falling-out of the hair."-Dr. Teste-. 
"Headaches are worse from heat, and better from cold appli- 
cations."-Hg. 
"Life is a burden; she knew she would die in a week."-Hg. 
"An easily excited, angry, revengeful state of mind; must 
destroy the object of wrath; repels every one."-Hg. 
Aggravation.-Mornings; evenings; sedentary habits, and in 
hot, damp weather. 
Amelioration.-From cold; cold water on head, from the dis- 
charge of flatus. 
ALUMINA. 
Aluminum. 
Habitat, Europe. Mineral. Triturations. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Alumina has two special 
centers of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. Great Dryness of the Secretions. 
II. Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System. Profound Prostration. 
Mucous Membranes.-Alumina, through the spinal nerves, 
especially acts upon the colon and rectum, producing great dry- 
ness of their secretions, and obstinate constipation. It also acts 
similarly upon the mucous membranes of the uterus and vagina, 
producing congestion, with dryness, followed by copious leucorrhcea. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Alumina produces most profound 
prostration of the animal nervous system; and, at the menstrual 
period, the woman is so prostrated that she can hardly speak. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
"Thinks his mind is some one else's; groans at'night, and says 
it is not he, and wants them to stop."-G. 
"As soon as she sees blood or a knife, wants to kill herself."- 
Dr. Douglas. ALUMINA. 
57 
"Stupid, thinks he is falling forward."-J. 8. Douglas, M. D. 
"Great weakness, loss of memory; melancholia; time passes 
too slowly, an hour seems half a day."-Hg. 
Can not walk with the eyes closed, without falling. 
Headache from chronic catarrh, with constipation. 
"Semi-lateral affections of the head ; old rheumatic affections, 
always appearing on the same side."-G. 
"Excessive dryness of the scalp ; it goes to sleep ; feels light, 
and the hair falls out."-Dr. Douglas. 
Ears.-Affections of the external ear; purulent otorrhoea. 
Eyes.-"Eyes inflamed; itching; agglutination at night; lach- 
rymation by day; burning and dryness, smarting, but little ulcer- 
ation ; yellow halo around the candle."-Hg. 
"Dim-sightedness, like looking through a fog, or as if feathers 
were before the eyes ; must rub them; fiery spots."-Hg. 
Great burning and dryness of the lids; lids granulated, and 
semi-paralyzed. 
Nose.-Acrid secretions from the nose, from chronic catarrh. 
"Catarrhs of long standing in old people ; nostrils sore; dis- 
charge of thick, yellow mucus; or discharge of dry, hard, yellow- 
green mucus from nose; nose swollen and very sore."-Hg. 
Inflammation and ulceration of the septum narium. 
"Skin of face tense, as if the white of an egg had been dried 
over it."-Hah. 
Digestive Organs.-"Tongue coated with a slimy fur."-Hg. 
"Swelling and bleeding of the gums; teeth feel loose, elongated, 
with drawing toothache."-Hah. 
"Small ulcers in the mouth; saliva increased, but the mouth 
seems dry."-Hg. 
"In the evening, dryness of the throat, which induces frequent 
clearing of the throat; throat red and inflamed."-Hah. 
"Great dryness of the throat; voice husky; constant hawking, 
and sensation as of a lump in the throat; chronic catarrh."-Hg. 
"Swallowing painful, as if the oesophagus were contracted." 
-Hg. 
Loss of appetite; aversion to meat; potatoes aggravate. 
"Appetite for starch, chalk, clean white rags, charcoal, cloves, 
acids, and other indigestible things."-Hg. 
Liver pains, as if bruised. 
Has great difficulty in voiding even a soft stool, from paralysis 
of the bowels, great straining required to void the stool: perfect 
inactivity of the rectum. 58 
ALUMINA. 
Constipation from great dryness of the mucous membrane of 
the rectum, with long-lasting pain in the anus. 
"Stools hard and knotty, or covered with mucus; like sheep's 
dung, with cutting in the anus; followed by blood like pipe- 
stems."-Hg. 
Sour, acid diarrhoea; in children stools are green. 
"Diarrhoea whenever she urinates."-Hg. 
"Severe hemorrhage from the bowels, in typhoid."-Hg. 
Blind piles; rectum constricted as if dried up; fistula ani 
very sensitive. 
Urinary Organs.-High-colored urine, voided while straining 
at stool. Very characteristic. 
"She can not pass her urine without straining at stool; she 
has to strain at stool to pass her urine."-G. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Induration of the testicles after gon- 
orrhoea. 
"Excessive sexual desire; or lessened desire, with invol- 
untary emissions; and great weakness of the bladder and 
genitals."-Hg. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Profuse acrid leucorrhoea, with 
great debility, aggravated by walking. 
"Profuse, transparent, acrid leucorrhoea, running down to the 
heels in large quantities ; or, profuse, transparent leucorrhoea only 
in the day-time."-G. 
"Abundant discharge of mucus before the menses, which are 
delayed, scanty, and pale; after the menses she is so weak in body 
and mind, that a little exercise prostrates her."-G. [This pros- 
tration after menstruation is very characteristic.] 
"During menstruation, corroding urine is frequently passed 
day and night."-G. 
"Bearing-down pains, as though everything would fall through 
the vagina."-Dr. J. S. Douglas. 
"Stitches in the left side of the vulva, extending up as far as 
the chest, with throbbing pains in the vagina."-G. 
Obstinate constipation during pregnancy, with gastric symp- 
toms. 
Respiratory Organs.-"Voice hoarse, rough, hollow, almost 
gone ; cough dry, hacking, with frequent sneezing."-Hg. 
Hard, dry cough, at night, with involuntary emissions of urine 
from coughing. (Conium.) AMBRA GRISEA. 
59 
"Tearing cough, every turn of cough being accompanied by 
involuntary emissions of urine, which reduces the patient to de- 
spair."-G. 
Chronic cough; copious mucous expectoration; old people. 
Back.-"Pain in the back as if a hot iron were thrust down the 
lower vertebrae."-Lippe. 
"Violent stitches in the middle of the back."-Hg. 
Limbs.-"Arms and legs feel heavy; drawing pains in the 
limbs as if the bones were squeezed narrower."-Hg. 
"Great heaviness of the lower limbs ; can scarcely drag them; 
staggers when walking, and has to sit down."-Hah. 
"Rheumatic and traumatic paralysis."-Dr. Lobethal. 
"Frequent cramps in the calves; trembling of the knees; 
numbness and pain in the heel, and sole of the foot feels swol- 
len."-Ify. 
Chronic diseases in dry, thin subjects, who become exhausted 
from slight exercise, or talking; become faint and must sit down. 
Skill.-"Intolerable itching of whole body, especially when 
getting warm in bed; scratches until the skin bleeds."-Hg. 
Dry, tettery, itching eruption, on arms, hands, and head, in 
old, withered-up people; both dry and moist eruptions. 
Chronic jaundice, with formication of the skin. 
Aggravation.-In warm room; evenings ; alternate days; 
during rest; and new and full moon. 
Amelioration.-In open air; from cold washing; during the 
night, and from motion. 
AMBRA GRISEA. 
Gray Amber. 
Habitat: Found floating on the Southern Seas. Marine Animal Substance. Trituration. 
Antidotes-Camph., Nux vom., and Puls. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Anibra has one special center of 
action : 
I. Animal Nervous System. Hysterical Hypercesthcsia. 
Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.- Through the posterior 
spinal cord, Ambra produces a state in females greatly resembling 
hysteria; and it is a special nervine in the old school. 60 
AMBRA GRISEA. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Especially adapted to excessively hysterical women, that are 
lean and delicate, with frequent fainting fits. 
"Memory impaired; distorted images, grimaces; diabolical 
faces crowd upon her fancy; melancholy, sits for days weeping, 
with great weakness, and constipation."-Hg. 
"Great weakness in the head, with vertigo, must lie down; can 
not sleep, must get up; feels in a hurry."-Hg. 
Body cold, and can not sleep, with stretching of the limbs. 
Scalp is hot, dry, and the hair falls out. 
Nervous deafness, with cold sensation in the abdomen. 
"Copious nosebleed early in the morning."-Hg. 
Digestive Organs.-Spasmodic choking. "Choking and vom- 
iting can hardly be avoided when hawking up phlegm from the 
fauces."-Rae. 
Empty or sour eructations; violent spasmodic hiccough, 
aggravated by warm drinks, in hysterical females. 
"Pain in the hypochondriac region, with great coldness of the 
abdomen. "-Hg. 
Constipation, with much depression of mind. 
Urinary Organs.-Urine copious and watery; excessive uri- 
nation in hysterical, nervous people. 
"Sour-smelling urine."-Hg. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Coition produces asthma in men. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Too frequent and too profuse 
menstruation, with neuroses of the vulva. 
"Discharge of blood between the periods, at every little acci- 
dent, as after a hard stool, or a little longer walk than usual."-G. 
Extremely nervous, hysterical females, subject to nightly leu- 
corrhoea of bluish-white mucus. 
"Stitches in the ovarian region, when drawing in the abdomen, 
or pressing upon it, with great languor."-G. 
The vulva is much swollen and very sore; itching greatly; 
urination causes great smarting, wants to rub the vulva constantly. 
Respiratory Organs.-Nervous hysterical cough, and asthma, 
with globus and copious urination. 
"Spasmodic cough in elderly, emaciated people, with abun- 
dant eructations accompanying the cough."-D. 
Excessive dry, nervous, spasmodic cough, worse at night. AMMONIUM CARBONICUM. 
61 
"Asthma of old people and children."-Hg. 
Chest feels stuffed up, with violent palpitation of the heart, 
and difficulty in breathing. 
Limbs.-Hysterical spasms; muscular twitching; great lan- 
guor; with frequent fainting fits; arms and limbs go to sleep 
easily; skin feels numb as if asleep. 
Aggravation.-Evenings and mornings; warm room; warm 
drinks ; music ; talking and lying down. 
Amelioration.-From cold air; cold food and drinks, and 
walking. . 
AMMONIUM CARBONICUM. 
Carbonate of Ammonia. 
Chemical Preparation. Trituration and Aqueous solution. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Lach., Hep. s., Arn., Vegetable acids. 
Through the spinal nervous system, Ammonium has three special 
centers of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. Inflammation, with Mucorrhoea. 
II. Circulation. Heart and Arterioles Stimulated. 
III. Blood. Liquefaction and Vast Hemorrhages. 
Mucous Membranes.-Ammonia has a specific action upon 
the mucous membrane of the gastro-intestinal canal and respira- 
tory organs. Toxic doses produce nausea, vomiting, gastro- 
enteritis, stools of mucus and blood. There is cedema of the glottis; 
congestion and inflammation of the bronchial mucous mem- 
brane ; convulsions and death. 
When Ammonia is "inhaled, an overpowering sense of suffoca- 
tion is experienced, and the glottis spasmodically closes. Pro- 
longed oontact with the air-passages excites violent inflammation. 
When a solution of Ammonia is swallowed, an active and 
destructive inflammation of the mucous membrane is set up ; the 
lips, tongue, soft palate, and tonsils are swollen, red, and glazed; 
the epiglottis, and especially the arytseno-epiglottidean folds, 
becomes oedematous, and sudden death may ensue from oedema 
of the glottis. Inflammation of the oesophagus and stomach, with 62 
AMMONIUM CARBONICUM. 
stenosis, has followed from poisoning with this irritant."-Bar- 
tholow. 
Ammonia is an intense direct stimulant to the respiratory 
centers in the medulla oblongata. 
Circulation.-Ammonia is a powerful but fugacious stimulant 
of the heart and arteries. "The increased arterial tension which 
follows the exhibition of Ammonia must be due to an action either 
upon the heart itself, or upon the peripheral vaso-motor nerve 
fibers or upon the muscular fibers in the coats of the arterioles 
[probably the latter]."-H. C. Wood. 
Blood.-Ammonia has a marked haematic action; the red 
blood-corpuscles are so altered as to prevent coagulation, and 
copious hemorrhages are the result. After death, it is dark, and 
contains but little oxygen, nor will it absorb the gas and become 
arterialized when agitated in an atmosphere of pure oxygen. 
Therapent ic Indivi<1 uality. 
Especially adapted to sab-acute and chronic diseases of the 
mucous tissues, particularly of the air-passages, in lymphatic 
people with lax fiber. 
"Listlessness and lethargy; utter dejection of mind."-Hg. 
"Oppressive fullness, as if the forehead would burst."-Hg. 
Great congestion of blood to the head, as if it would burst; 
worse at night, with sparks before the eyes, and vertigo. 
Nose.-Vast hemorrhages from the nose, with great pain in 
the forehead. 
"When stooping, blood rushes to the tip of the nose."-Hg. 
"Dry, coryza, especially at night, must breathe through the 
mouth, with long-lasting coryza; burning water runs from the 
nose."-Hg. 
Much heat in the face during mental exertion. 
Mouth and Throat-Sour or metallic taste. 
Fine, stinging pains in the teeth, worse at night. 
Inflammation of the buccal mucous membrane, with profuse 
flow of saliva. 
Tonsils enlarged and inflamed. 
"Putrid sore throat; tendency to gangrenous ulceration in 
scarlatina. "-Hg. 
"Diphtheria, when the nose is stopped up; child starts from 
sleep, can not get his breath; throat and oesophagus burn."-Hg. AMMONIUM CARBONICUM. 
63 
Malignant diphtheria, involving the throat and air passages, 
with copious hemorrhages from the nose, and much prostration. 
"Great hunger, but satiated by eating a little."-Nenning. 
"Great pressure in stomach after eating, or at night; water- 
brash."-Hg. 
"Great deal of empty eructations."-Hah. 
"Burning pains in the liver; splenic affections."-Hg. 
"Colic, with pain between the scapulae."-G. 
Stool.-"Cholera-like symptoms at the commencement of 
menstruation."-Dr. Helbig. 
"Loose stool, preceded and followed by cutting pains in the 
abdomen; discharge of blood during and after stool."-Hah. 
Vast hemorrhages from the bowels in low typhoids. 
"Constipation, with haemorrhoids."-Hg. 
Urinary Organs.-"Violent tenesmus of the bladder."-Hah. 
"Involuntary emissions of urine during sleep."-Hah. 
High-colored urine ; or copious pale urine. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Women who are always delicate 
and must have their smelling-bottle continually at hand. This 
remedy is particularly suited to such."-G. 
Menses premature and abundant, composed of clots. 
"Diarrhoea and vomiting during menstruation."-Lippe. 
"The menstrual blood is acrid, excoriating the thighs; the 
vulva is much swollen, burns and itches much."-Hg. 
"At every menstrual period, stools of blood."-G. 
"Acrid, profuse, and watery leucorrhcea."-Hg. 
Extreme debility during menstruation, she must lie down. 
"During pregnancy, albuminuria; yellow spots before the eyes; 
right mamma painful to touch."-Hg. 
Air-Passages.-Dyspnoea from retrocession of an eruption. 
"Excessive cough, excited by a sensation as of down in the 
larynx, 3 to 4 a. m."-Hughes. 
"Cough short, asthmatic, from irritation in larynx, with pain- 
ful sensation of spasmodic contraction of the chest."-Hg. 
"Dry cough, especially at night, as from dust in the throat." 
-Nenning. 
"Oppression of breathing; heaviness on the chest."-Hah. 
"Sputa thin, foamy; adynamic, stale; rattling of large bubbles 
in the chest; bronchitis in the aged?'-Hg. 
"Hydrothorax, with burning in the chest; vehement palpitation 
of the heart; great praecordial distress; asthmatic breathing, and 
syncope, after motion."-Hg. 64 
AMYL NITRITUM. 
"Angina pectoris."-Hg. 
Back.-Right side of body more affected than the left. 
"Amenorrhcea with violent pains in small of back."-Hg. 
Much chilliness in the evening. 
Extremities.-Great heaviness of the arms, without strength, 
they are swollen and oedematous. 
"Spasms in the arms, drawing them backward."-Hah. 
"Whitlow, finger inflamed, deep-seated periosteal pain; 
fingers go to sleep."-Hg. 
"Can not walk erect, on account of pain in the groins."-Hah. 
Great weakness in the legs in low haematic fevers. 
"Pain in all the limbs at night; burning of the hands and 
feet."-Hg. 
"Big toe is red, swollen, and painful, particularly nights."-Hg. 
Especially suited to scurvy and spanaemic diseases, with great 
debility; malignant scarlet fever, with great putridity. 
Children dislike to be washed, especially the fat ones. 
Emaciation; legs powerless and cold. 
Aggravation.-Evening, night, and wet weather. 
Amelioration.-Forenoon, dry weather, and warmth. 
AMYL NITRITUM. 
Nitrite of Amyl. 
Chemical preparation. Alcoholic attenuations. 
Antidotes.-Glon., Atrop., Aeon., Coffee, Gelsemium, and Camphor. 
Through the cerebro-spinal, especially vaso-motor portion, Amyl has 
six centers of action : 
I. Circulation. Rapid but Transient Arterial Dilatation. 
II. Heart. Inhibitory Nerve Centers Paralyzed; Violent Action. 
III. Temperature. Remarkable Reduction. 
IV. Cerebro-Spinal System. Motor Nerve Centers Paralyzed. 
V. Kidneys. Diuresis, with Glycosuria. 
VI. Locally. Progressive Loss of Function. 
Circulation.-Through the end organs of the vaso-motor 
system, Amyl produces rapid but transient dilatation of the arte- 
rial blood-vessels. The vaso-motor nerves, which are a part of the AMYL NITRITUM. 
65 
great sympathetic system, supply the muscular coat of the arteries, 
and thereby regulate the contraction and dilatation of these tubes, 
and so determine the amount of blood which shall pass through 
them. Amyl paralyzes the sympathetic ganglia, thereby producing 
the flushings and perspiration so characteristic of this drug. 
"It has been found by all observers, that, although the pulse is 
very much increased in frequency, sometimes from the very be- 
ginning, the arterial pressure is diminished, and, finally, is 
reduced almost to zero, and that the fall of pressure occurs 
equally as well after section of the vagi as at other times. As the 
number of heart-beats in the uninjured animal is increased rather 
than diminished, while the strength of the individual beat is not 
perceptibly lessened, it is evident, that, at least in the early stages 
of the poisoning, the diminution of the arterial tension is not 
cardiac in origin, but must be due to dilatation of the capillaries. 
This condition is confirmed by an experiment of Brunton, wdio 
found, that, if the descending aorta was tied high up, no percep- 
tible fall of pressure was produced by the inhalation of the Amyl 
until very late in the poisoning, when the heart itself was acted 
upon by the drug; also by the fact noted by Dr. Amez-Droz, 
that the arterioles, but not the veins of the rabbit's ear and of the 
frog's web, can be seen to dilate when the salt is inhaled. That 
dilatation of the vessels takes place in man, as well as in the lower 
animals, is shown by the flushings of the face, as well as by the 
enlargement of the retinal vessels. 
"An interesting question which here arises is whether the 
dilatation is centric, due to an action on the vaso-motor nerve 
centers, or peripheric, due to a direct action upon the muscular 
coat of the arteries. I believe it must be peripheral, and not centric, 
in its origin ; since, both in my own experiments and in those of 
Brunton, it occurred after the arterioles had been separated from 
the vaso-motor centers by division of the cord. This fact ap- 
pears to prove that the fall of arterial pressure is due to a direct 
paralyzing action of the drug upon the coats of the arterioles,-a 
conclusion confirmed by our knowledge of the local action of the 
Nitrite upon the muscular tissue. 
"Bernheim, however, asserts that this can not be so, and that 
the dilatation must be solely due to an action upon the vaso-motor 
centers; because he found that galvanization of the cervical 
sympathetic still caused contractions in the vessels of the ear 
of the rabbit, to which Nitrite of Amyl had been given. As 
pointed out by Pick, Bernheim's experiment does not warrant his 
conclusion. It only shows that the muscle fibers in the walls of 66 
AMYL NITRITUM. 
the vessels are not so completely paralyzed as to be unable to 
respond to very powerful stimuli. Dr. W. Filehne dissents from the 
view here taken; but it seems to me that the fall of arterial pres- 
sure after paralysis by section of the vaso-motor nerves, abso- 
lutely proves that the drug acts locally upon the arterial coats. 
"It is, however, very probable from the general sedative effect 
of the drug upon the motor centers, that it acts also upon the 
vaso-motor centers; and, when the local flushings caused by small 
doses of the poison are borne in mind, this probability is greatly 
enhanced. Filehne affirms, that, when to two animals, whose lungs 
were exposed, inhalations of the Nitrite were given, the change of 
color was not nearly so great as in the ears, and that, when the 
sympathetic had been destroyed in the neck in a rabbit, and the 
Amyl exhibited, the vessels on the unwounded side actually became 
larger than those of the opposite ear. The answer of these results 
is, that opening the chest must derange most profoundly the pneu- 
monic circulation, and that all observations upon the comparative 
size of vessels are very apt to be mere guess-work when the change 
is slight. Moreover, in Schuller's experiments, after destruction 
of the cervical sympathetic in a rabbit, inhalations of the Nitrite 
produced still further dilatation of the capillaries of the ear. 
It seems to me established that it does act locally on the coats 
of the arterioles, although it may at the same time influence the 
vaso-motor centers. [It is the specific affinity the Amyl has for 
the vaso-motor nerve-endings, and not its local action, that pro- 
duces paralysis of the arterioles.] In the latter stages of the 
poisoning, another factor enters into the causes of lessened blood- 
pressure, the heart-force itself becoming largely extinguished by a 
direct action of the poison on the muscle."-H. C. Wood. 
Dr. S. Ringer says: "If Nussbaum's observations are con- 
firmed, they would seem to show that Nitrite of Amyl may act 
through the influence of the vaso-motor centers. 
"The paralyzing effect on the arterial system is well shown 
by the sphygmographic tracings, the flushings of the face, and 
the increase in the size of the visible arteries,-like the tem- 
poral, which often becomes notably large; sometimes, indeed, 
doubled in size, branches previously invisible becoming plainly 
apparent,-and by the interesting fact observed by Talfourd J ones, 
who, while cupping a patient over the loins, and finding that blood 
would not flow, administered Nitrite of Amyl, by inhalation, when 
the cuts immediately began to bleed freely. After an inhalation, 
the larger arteries are slower in recovering their normal size than 
the capillaries,- a phenomenon I have often observed in the tern- AMYL NITRITUM. 
67 
poral artery, which remains enlarged half a minute longer after 
the blush has quite left the face." 
Heart.-"In man, the pulse-rate is enormously increased by 
Nitrite of Amyl. In animals, the amount of the increase varies ; 
but, in the higher groups, the rule appears to be the increase of 
the pulse-rate, which is especially decided in the dog. Filehne 
has, by a single very ingenious experiment, seemingly proved that 
the acceleration is due to a depressing influence upon the inhibi- 
tory centers. He divided the par vagum in a rabbit, employed 
an electric current to the severed nerves, of sufficient strength to 
bring the pulse-rate to normal, and found that Amyl was power- 
less to affect the rapidity of the cardiac action. Confirmed by 
Mayer and Friedrich. It is known that sudden asphyxia slows 
the pulse by exciting the inhibitory centers. Mayer and Fried- 
rich found that this action is prevented by the inhalation of the 
Amyl salt. Then, again, they found, that, when by compression 
of the arteries the blood was prevented from going to the head, 
the Nitrite did not increase the rapidity of the pulse ; and also de- 
termined that the reflex inhibitory slowing of the heart by irritation 
of a sensitive nerve, is prevented by Amyl. The whole evidence 
seems to show that the sudden, thumping, rapid stroke of the 
heart, which is so early produced by the Nitrite of Amyl in 
man, is due, at least in part, to a depression of the inhibitory car- 
diac nerves. It is also plain why the increase of the pulse-rate is 
greater in dogs-in which the cardiac inhibitory system is more 
powerful-than in domestic rabbits, in which it is very feeble." 
-Prof. H. C. Wood. 
Temperature.-"Nitrite of Amyl, in whatever way exhibited, 
if given in sufficient amount, reduces most remarkably animal tem- 
perature. I have seen a pigeon perfectly conscious, although its 
temperature had been brought down by this agent some 13° F. 
This influence is as marked in fever as in the normal condition of 
the animal, and is independent of the nerve centers, occurring 
after section of the cord, and even after death in those cases in 
which post-mortem rise or continuance of high temperature nor- 
mally takes place. I have also experimentally determined that it is 
associated with diminished excretion of carbonic acid. It must 
therefore be due to a direct arrest or check of tissue-changes or 
oxidation within, or without, the blood. Dr. Aug. Ladendorf (Ber-' 
lin, Klin. Wochenschr., No. 43,1874) claims, that in man, inha- 
lations of small amounts of Nitrite of Amyl are followed by a rise 68 
AMYL NITRITUM. 
of |° F. (average); in some carefully conducted experiments on a 
patient at the University Hospital by my resident physician, Dr. 
Mastin, the rise of temperature was noted; but it was very mo- 
mentary, and evidently dependent upon vascular dilatation. Very 
possibly this rise is a mere external phenomenon, and is not par- 
ticipated in by the deeper parts of the body. Ladendorf took the 
temperature in the mouth; Mastin, in the mouth and axilla. 
"The vapors of the Nitrite have a very marked influence over 
oxidation outside of the body, as is shown by many facts, of which 
it is only necessary here to cite the extinguishment of glowing phos- 
phorus by a few drops of the Amyl salt diffused through the jar. 
It cannot be doubted that within the animal economy the same 
thing occurs. If, however, the arrest of oxidation was complete, 
instant death from suffocation would result. The true explana- 
tion of the symptoms evidently lies in diminution, not destruction, 
of oxidation. 
"When an animal inhales the Nitrite of Amyl, the arterial and 
venous blood soon become of a nearly uniform hue, which resem- 
bles somewhat that of normal venous blood, but is quite distinct 
from it, having a chocolate tint. Moreover, this chocolate-colored 
blood does not assume the arterial hue when shaken with the air. 
Jolyet and Regnard have confirmed this inability of the blood to 
take up oxygen. Dr. Arthur Gamgee has made a masterly exami- 
nation into the subject, and thrown much light upon it. He finds 
that the spectrum of blood treated with Nitrite of Amyl changes 
simultaneously with the color. The too sharply defined absorp- 
tion-bands of the oxyhaemoglobin become fainter and fainter, and 
entirely disappear, unless the stratum of examined blood be ex- 
ceedingly thick, when faint indications of them remain apparent. 
At the same time, new bands appear, precisely resembling those 
of acid haematin. If ammonia be added to the chocolate blood, 
the color changes back to a blood-red again, and simultaneously 
the spectrum-lines regain their normal position. If, however, an 
amount of phosphoric acid precisely equivalent to the amount of 
ammonia added, and therefore just sufficient -to neutralize it, be 
placed in the blood, the chocolate color reappears, and with it the 
changes of the spectrum. Moreover, if a reducing agent, such as 
sulphide of ammonium, be added to the chocolate blood, it is able 
to deoxidize the oxyhaemoglobin, but, before doing so, evidently 
removes it from union with the Nitrite, since the new bands dis- 
appear, and those of oxyhaemoglobin reappear, in the spectrum, 
before the lines of the reduced haemoglobin manifest themselves. 
These facts are, seemingly, explicable only on the supposition that AMYL NITRITUM. 
69 
the Nitrite makes with the oxyhaemoglobin a compound which is 
so unstable as to be broken up by ammonia and by reducing 
agents. 
"Dr. Gamgee next pushed his researches to find whether the 
respiratory function of the blood was interfered with by the Nitrite, 
-whether the power of the haemoglobin to absorb and yield up 
oxygen was destroyed. By a series of experiments, in which blood 
was shaken with an accurately measured amount of air, he found 
that, while normal blood absorbed a large percentage of oxygen, 
blood to which the Nitrite had been added, failed to take up an 
appreciable portion of the gas, even if it (the blood) had been 
previously saturated with carbonic acid gas. As is well known, 
carbonic oxide gas has a remarkable power of expelling the loose 
oxygen of the blood; but it was found, that, upon blood to which 
the Nitrite had been added, it had no influence; and conversely, 
that, on the florid blood of carbonic oxide saturation, the Amyl salt 
had no effect. It was also found that the air-pump was powerless 
to draw oxygen out of the blood containing the salt, although the 
oxygen still existed in the Nitrite blood; since reducing agents 
restored the oxyhaemoglobin spectrum even in blood from which 
all access to the air was prevented. These facts are in complete 
accord with those previously spoken of, as showing that the Nitrite 
of Amyl unites with the oxyhaemoglobin to form a new compound. 
Dr. Gamgee finally furnished the last ocular demonstration of 
obtaining the compound in crystalline form, by means of a proc- 
ess which it is not necessary to detail here. This Nitrite oxy- 
haemoglobin has no power of absorbing oxygen, as follows from 
experiments previously detailed, and as Dr. Gamgee also deter- 
mined by direct experiments. 
"These researches of Dr. Gamgee have not, that I am aware of, 
been confirmed, but I think may be accepted as accurate. They 
do not, however, prove that Nitrite of Amyl entering into the 
blood-vessel at once paralyzes the haemoglobin of the blood-cor- 
puscles and checks all oxidation. As already stated, the experi- 
ments of Dr. Gamgee showed conclusively that this new compound 
yields up its oxygen to reducing agents. Further, the Doctor found, 
that, when the Nitrite blood was brought into contact with pre- 
pared guaiacum-paper, it still ozonized it, though not so actively 
as normal. It is evident that the blood-corpuscles retain to a 
greater or less degree their power of yielding up ozone to bodies 
desiring it; that they are capable of exerting at least this portion 
of their respiratory functions ; further, where this oxygen is given 
and the oxyhaemoglobin changed into haemoglobin, so far as 70 
AMYL NITRITUM. 
our present knowledge goes, the haemoglobin must absorb more 
oxygen before it can reunite with the Nitrite. Evidently, then, 
absorption of oxygen must take place; evidently, the bloo*d-cor- 
puscles must perform their respiratory functions ; but evidently, 
also, they are greatly crippled and impaired in the rapidity and 
ease of its performance. Haemic respiration is, in other words, 
greatly interfered with, but not abolished. 
"The accord of the results of this chemical investigation with 
those arrived at by a purely physiological study of the drug, is 
very striking and very beautiful, both teaching the same thing,- 
lessened, but not absolutely arrested, oxidation. 
"Having ascertained the existence of diminished oxidation in 
poisoning by Nitrite of Amyl, the temptation is very strong to 
attribute all the symptoms produced by it to this arrest. I do 
not, however, think' that this post hoc propter hoc argument is 
justifiable, for the following reasons : In the first place, the nitrate 
of potassium and other nitrates, according to Dr. Gamgee, act in 
the same manner upon the blood, yet the symptoms caused by 
them are very different from those caused by Nitrite of Amyl. 
In the second place, when arrest of oxidation is caused by 
deprivation of oxygen, the symptoms are very different, the brain 
and consciousness being always affected before the centers of 
reflex action; whereas, under the influence of the Nitrite of Amyl, 
the contrary occurs. In the third place, other substances, such 
as toxic doses of alcohol, check oxidation, but do not cause the 
same symptoms as does the drug under consideration. The ob- 
vious inference seems to me to be that Nitrite of Amyl acts 
directly upon the nerve centers, independent of its influence on 
the blood. 
"Because, in the first stage of its action on man, there is very 
marked functional excitement of the heart, it has been held that 
Nitrite of Amyl is a motor-stimulant,-a most erroneous idea. The 
cardiac excitement has seemed to me not to be directly owing to 
the drug. I have explained it as being reflex in its nature, as 
follows : ' When the Nitrite is taken into the lungs, it instantly 
arrests or diminishes oxidation, and a thrill of impending suffoca- 
tion runs through the system, in obedience to which the respira- 
tory and circulatory organs gather up and exert to the utmost 
their forces. The central impulse sent to the cardiac and respira- 
tory muscles is at first much more than sufficient to overcome any 
direct action of the Nitrite upon them; but, the inhalation being 
persisted in, the impulse is constantly growing weaker and the 
direct influence of the drug stronger; so that there soon comes a AMYL NITRITUM. 
71 
time when the reverse is true, and the heart's power is more or less 
nearly extinguished.' It must be remembered that this explanation 
is only plausible at most, not proven. If Filehne's conclusion is 
hereafter showm to be correct, the cause of the increased cardiac 
action must be set down as paralysis of the inhibitory centers." 
-Dr. II. C. Wood. 
Nervous System.- "I have found, as the result of numerous 
experiments made in the ordinary methods, that the diminution 
of reflex activity and of voluntary motion which undoubtedly 
occurs in toxaemia from the agent now under consideration, is 
chiefly spinal in its origin; since after death the nerves and 
muscles preserve, though in an impaired condition, their func- 
tional power. On the motor centers of the cord the Nitrite acts as 
a direct and powerful depressant, at the same time that it exerts a 
similar, but much less pronounced, action on the nerves and 
muscles; decreasing, but not destroying, their functional life. The 
diminution of reflex activity is never preceded by a stage of func- 
tional excitement. In some animals, convulsions do occur, espe- 
cially when the drug is administered by inhalation; but they are, in 
all probability, cerebral, not spinal, and due to the asphyxiating 
influence of the poison. Over the sensory nerves and centers, 
Nitrite of Amyl has but little power. They are among the last 
portions of the body to be affected, sensation being intact until 
near death; so that the drug is in no sense an anaesthetic. Mayer 
and Friedrich assert that at first Nitrite of Amyl increases the 
rapidity and depth of the respiration by stimulating the respiratory 
centers. Whether this be or be not correct, it is certain that later 
the respiratory centers are greatly depressed, the breathing be- 
coming both slow and shallow, and death finally occurring from 
paralytic asphyxia."-Dr. II. C. Wood. 
Kidneys.-"Dr. F. A. Hoffman discovered a very interesting 
phenomenon, as an effect of poisoning with the Nitrite of Amyl; 
that is, he found the urine of rabbits loaded with sugar. He 
found, that in the rabbit a hypodermic injection of 0.111 to 0.113 
gramme of the drug is enough to cause diabetes. If twice this 
amount of the Amyl salt is used, the sugar becomes very abun- 
dant in the urine, and continues to be present for from twelve to 
thirty hours. Consentaneously with the elimination of sugar, 
there is a great increase in the amount of the urine. In a patient 
under my care, to whom the salt was given very freely, at no time 
could sugar be detected in the urine, so that glycosuria is probably 
only induced by toxic doses."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 72 
AMYL NITRITUM. 
Locally.-"Nitrite of Amyl causes a progressive loss of func- 
tional power in every highly organized tissue with which it comes 
in contact. Nerve centers, peripheral nerves, muscles of organic 
and voluntary life, all succumb to it alike. If the contact be not 
continued too long, the tissue may recover even after a total sup- 
pression of its function,- a proof that the poison exerts no de- 
structive chemical or devitalizing influence upon the tissues, such 
as that of Sulphuric acid or Veratria."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Therapeutic Individuality 
Flushing of the face, head, and neck, with heat and perspi- 
ration of the same, accompanied with cold hands and feet, is the 
greatest key-note we have for the use of Amyl. 
Frequent flushing and perspiration of the face and neck of 
women at the climacteric. 
Sensation as if the blood would start through the skin of the 
face, with lachrymation. 
"A severe burning sensation over the loins, from whence a 
glow of heat spreads over the whole body, followed by perspiration. 
This sensation was so unendurable that she would rush to an open 
window at night, even in the winter, and sometimes rush out- 
doors. This symptom had lasted three years, with several attacks 
daily, and was cured in ten days."-Ringer. 
General relaxed, weak feeling all over the body, with sudden 
perspiration. 
Highly extolled for night sweats from debility. 
Flushings constitute the chief symptom for the use of this drug. 
Head.-Much mental confusion, with a dream-like state. 
"Anxiety as if something might happen ; must have fresh air; 
actual fright at the throbbing in the head, and a bursting-out feel- 
ing in the ears."-Tig. 
Trance-like state, everything seeming unreal to her. 
Sudden joy, with flushing of the face. 
Melancholy, without anguish. 
Great heaviness of the head, with beating, throbbing, bursting 
headache. 
Heat and throbbingin the head, with vertigo, and hot flushings. 
"Visible pulsating throbbing in the temples, with tension in 
the temples, and a feeling of something rushing upward."-Tig. 
It causes no severe pain in the head until the acme of its 
effects is reached. 73 
"Sensation of a vapor spread from her, through the head, 
rendering her powerless."-Hale. 
The hyperaemia of the brain caused by Amyl, is not always 
accompanied by pain, but by a sense of great fullness and pressure. 
Insomnia, sleep very imperfect and filled with anxious dreams, 
especially in brain-workers. 
"Congestive headache, accompanied by ptosis palpebrae; the 
eye shows marked hyperaemia."-Dr. H. B. Felloivs. 
Migraine and neuralgia, with great prostration and tremors, 
especially where the affected side looks paler than the sound one. 
Congestive headache, head feels intensely full, with throbbing 
of the arteries, aggravated by motion and warm air, relieved by 
cool air and rest. 
Eyes.-Amyl has been found of great value in exophthalmic 
goiter; one case is reported cured by the olfaction. 
"Under the ophthalmoscope the veins of the disc were seen to 
become enlarged, varicose, and tortuous, the arteries small, 
conjunctiva bloodshot; protruding, staring eyes."-A. and N. 
A spot on the wall appears of a yellowish hue, surrounded by 
a yellowish circle, and this again surrounded by a violet-blue halo, 
with undulating edges. 
"Aching pains in the eyes in sunlight, with profuse running of 
tears, followed by sneezing."-Hg. 
"Ciliary neuralgia ; eye injected; face or cheek suffused."-Hg. 
"Eyes protruded, staring, with a glazed look."-Hg. 
Ears.-"Throbbing in the ears; bursting sensation as if the 
membrane would be forced out with each beat of the heart."-Hg. 
"Burning heat in the ears."-Hg. 
Digestive Organs.-"Smacking of the lips as if in the act of 
tasting."-Hg. 
"Short munching movement of lower jaw, as if in the act of 
chewing."-Hg. ' 
"Choking feeling on either side of the trachea, along thecarot- 
ids; feeling of constriction."-Hg. 
"Collar seems too tight, must have it loosened."-Hg. 
Fullness and pressure in the stomach, with belchings and 
cardialgia. "-Hg. 
"Spasm of the stomach."-Dr. Austie. 
Magnificent in hiccough. 
Urine.-Increased, containing an abundance of sugar. 
It ought to be of great value in acute diabetes. 
AMYL NITRITUM. 74 
AMYL NITRITUM. 
Sexual Organs, Female.- Nervous spasmodic neuralgic 
dysmenorrhoea; menorrhagia. 
"During catamenia most violent left-sided headache, beginning 
in the morning; most violent at noon, lasting till evening, with 
frequent vomiting."-Hg. 
Post-partum uterine hemorrhages are arrested instantly by 
inhalations. 
"Convulsions occurring immediately after delivery."-Hg. 
"Chronic blushing in climacteric years ; blushing with disease 
of right heart."-77//. 
It is one of our most useful remedies in the frequent hot flush- 
ings of women at the climacteric. 
In puerperal convulsions, it is of great value, by inhalation. 
Respiratory Organs.-"Feeling of constriction in the throat, 
extending to the chest, with dyspnoea."-Jig. 
"Oppressed, difficult, and rapid breathing."-Hg. 
"Dyspnoea and asthmatic feeling in larynx and trachea."-Hg. 
"Suffocation and cough in paroxysms of several minutes, in 
disease of the heart."-77//. 
"Cardiac dyspnoea with extreme anasarca, due to a dilated and 
hypertrophied heart."-Hg. 
"In asthma, my own experience of several cases coincides with 
that of various physicians, that it will often instantly arrest the 
paroxysm, especially in those instances in which there are no 
secondary lesions, such as emphysema and dilated heart."-Dr. 
H. C. Wood. 
I believe the form of asthma best adapted to Amyl is the truly 
spasmodic without much inflammation or heart complication 
Pertussis, it greatly modifies, and shortens its duration. 
Dr. G. Buyses reports ten cases in which it was given at the 
moment of paroxysm by inhalation, with the best of results. 
Chest.-"Angina pectoris, with throbbing of the heart and 
carotids, as high as the ears ; very severe praecordial pain, extend- 
ing to the right arm."-Dr. Ringer. 
The most signal relief has been obtained from the inhalation 
of Amyl nitrite in angina pectoris; and people subject to this fear- 
ful malady should always carry the Amyl with them 
"Sudden beating of the carotids, which extends to the head 
and temples, accompanied with intense flushing of the face, which 
precedes debilitating perspiration."-Hg. 
"Fluttering at the heart on the slightest excitement."-Hg. AMYL NITRITUM. 
75 
"Tumultuous action of the heart, with great praecordial anxiety 
and quick respiration."-77//. 
"During the paroxysm of cough the pulsations of the heart 
could not be counted, neither was it possible to count the radial 
pulsations. "-Hg. 
"The irregular, rumbling sound of the heart could be perceived 
almost instantaneously to change into a more regular pulsation in 
organic heart disease."-Hg. 
"The heart gave one strong beat; and, from the stage of agony, 
the patient passed to one of perfect repose and peace, in angina 
pectoris."-Hg. 
"Aortic insufficiency, with excessive hypertrophy of the heart 
and severe frontal headache."-Hg. 
"As the pain in the arm increases, the sphygmographic curve 
becomes lower, both ascent and descent more gradual."-Hg. 
"An aching pain and constriction around the heart."-Hale. 
"It invariably quickens the pulse, sometimes doubling its 
pace."-Hale. 
Partial paralysis of the sympathetic; relaxes the whole arte- 
rial system. 
Angina pectoris, with throbbing of the heart and carotids, 
with great agony. 
Pulse irregular and jerking. 
The whole arterial system is relaxed, from partial paralysis, 
with much praecordial anxiety. 
Extremities.-"Severe praecordial pain, extending to the right 
arm, in angina pectoris."-Hg. 
"Soreness in the right arm and shoulder."-Hg. 
"Veins of hands dilating to double their previous size."-Hg. 
"Hands trembling; grasping at imaginary objects, in convul- 
sions."-Hg. 
"Hands tremble ; fingers numb and stiff."-Hg. 
"Profuse sweat of hands."-Hg. 
"Lameness and soreness in the muscles of the arms and 
thighs."-Hg. 
"Tired, weak feeling of the limbs."-Hg. 
» 
Nerves.-"Great restlessness, every muscle seems to be in 
motion."-Hg. 
Tired feeling of all the limbs. 76 
AMYL NITRITUM. 
"Epilepsy; succession of fits, linked together by intervening 
unconsciousness ; fits recurring with increasing frequency till at 
last no sooner is one fit ended than another begins."-Hg. 
"The convulsions of epilepsy are, according to the present 
theory, due to a vaso-motor spasm at the base of the brain. In 
the status epilepticus, when there is an almost indefinite repetition 
of the fits, the remedy is of great use in stopping them; when 
there is a notable interval in ordinary epilepsy between the aura 
and the convulsion, the spasms can usually, if not always, be 
entirely prevented."-II. C. Wood, M. D. 
"In convulsions occurring immediately after delivery, the 
spasms are immediately arrested by the inhalation of Amyl." 
-Dr. W. F. Jenks. 
Sea-sickness. Amyl, by inhalation, has cured many cases. 
In chloroform narcosis, it is highly recommended. 
Fever.-"Frequent chilly crawlings over the whole body, face 
pale all day."-Hg. 
"Flushings, occasionally, peculiarly and abruptly limited, 
reaching to the thighs, knees, or elbows, which feel icy cold. 
After the heats pass away, the skin becomes cold and clammy, 
and may turn very pale. 
"Flushings, or 'heats' starting from various parts of the face, 
the epigastrium, etc., thence spreading over the greater part of 
the body."-Hg. 
"Heats are followed by sweating, often very profuse."-Hg. 
"Heats with great throbbing throughout the whole body; fol- 
lowed by much prostration, seeming scarcely able to rouse her- 
self."-Ffy. 
"Lowers the temperature by checking the oxidation. 
Intermittent Fever.-The Nitrite of Amyl is reported to cure 
at once intermittent fever; but Dr. H. C. Wood says: "I have 
seen it used in a number of cases of intermittents, with the 
invariable result of putting an end to the chill, and not affecting 
the hot stage." 
Aggravation.-By motion, and in a warm room. 
Amelioration.-In the open<iir and by rest. ANTIMONIUM CRUDUM. 
77 
ANTIMONIUM CRUDUM. 
Sulpliuret of Antimony. 
Chemical preparation. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Merc., Hep. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Antimoniuni crudum 
has two special centers of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. Become Loaded with Mucus. 
II. Skin. Corns, Callosities, and Pustules. 
Mucous Membranes.-Antimony acts upon all mucous mem- 
branes, depressing their function; but, through the pneumogas- 
tric nerve, it especially affects the digestive organs, producing 
slow digestion, and the mucous membranes become loaded with 
mucus; but this action hardly ever goes on to active inflamma- 
tion. In large doses, very severe nausea and vomiting are produced. 
This slow digestion produces fermentation; flatulence ; alternate 
constipation and diarrhoea. The secretions and flatulence are of 
a foul odor. 
Skin.-Here it produces corns, callosities, split-nails, tu- 
bercles, pimples, pustules, and nettle-rash. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
The great key for the use of this drug is a thick, milky-white 
coating on the tongue, from slow digestion. 
"The mucous membranes are loaded with mucus, with slow 
digestion, fermentation, nausea and vomiting."-Hughes. 
"Stomach out of order, belching with the taste of food, nausea 
and hard stool."-Hg. 
"Long-lasting loss of appetite, with disgust for all food; in- 
tense thirst, more at night, and great desire for acids."-Hg. 
Gastric symptoms greatly aggravated by acid wine. 
Violent vomiting of mucus and bile ; renewed by eating. 
Painful sense of fullness of stomach, as if overloaded. 
"Gastric catarrh, white tongue, nausea and vomiting; bowels 
loose; stools in lumps."-Hg. 
"Cutting colic, with watery diarrhoea ; cholera infantum, with 
yellow, stinking stools ; anus excoriated. "-Hg. 78 
ANTIMONIUM CRUDUM. 
"Diarrhoea, worse from acids; sour wine; overheating; cold 
bathing; night, and early mornings."-Hg. 
"Alternate diarrhoea and constipation in old people."-Hg. 
Constipation with excessive flatulence; stools white and lumpy. 
"Haemorrhoids; a good deal of mucus continually discharged 
from the anus; mucous piles."-Hg. 
I rinary Organs.-"Frequent and profuse urination, loaded 
with mucus, and diarrhoea; chronic catarrh of the bladder. "-Hg. 
Female Sexual Organs.-"Tenderness over the ovarian 
region, with nausea, vomiting, and white tongue."-Hg. 
"Distinct pressure in the womb, as if something would come 
out, with hemorrhage."-G. 
Menses too early and too profuse. 
Watery, acrid leucorrhoea. 
Haemorrhoidal affections during pregnancy; nausea and 
vomiting. 
Sexual desire exalted in both sexes. 
Air Passages.-"Sore, cracked, and crusty nostrils, and cor- 
ners of the mouth."-Hg. 
Cough from irritation in the abdomen; looking in the fire, or 
hot sun, increases the cough. 
"Violent spasms of the larynx and pharynx, as if the throat 
were filled with a plug; aphonia from getting overheated. 
Whooping-cough, aggravated by warmth and over-exertion. 
Cough loose, mucus excessive; tongue coated white. 
Limbs.-Arthritis in elbows, fingers, and joints of the legs. 
Horny warts on hands, nails grow in splits; horny growth 
under the nails, painfully sensitive 
Legs fall asleep while sitting; great sensitiveness of the soles 
of the feet while walking. 
"White swelling of the knee, with tearing pains."-Hg. 
"Corns; large horny places on the soles close to toes; become 
inflamed and very sensitive."-Hg. 
Some wonderful cures of corns and callosities have been re- 
ported as effected by this drug. 
Skin.-Horny excrescences; thick, hard scales; spongy ulcers; 
pustules and boils, especially if the digestion is perverted. 
"Urticaria, comes and goes, white lumps with red areolae; 
very hot and thirsty; from meat or over-eating."-Hg. ANTIMONIUM CRUDUM. 
79 
Measles, eruption delayed, with severe vomiting and great 
oppression. 
"Complaints after bathing in cold water."-Hg. 
"In old people, inflammation of the skin, corns, homy ex- 
crescences ; fistulous ulcers ; fungus articularis ; obesity; exces- 
sive hemorrhage, and dropsical effusions."-Lippe. 
The skin symptoms mostly depend upon indigestion. 
Fever.-Intermittents, white tongue ; nausea and vomiting; 
chill without thirst; severe thirst with the fever and sweat. 
"Chilliness predominates during the day; heat at night, and 
sweat in the morning."-Dr. Jessen. 
Especially useful in intermittents and rheumatism. 
Head.-"Loathing of life; the greatest sadness prevails in 
intermittents ; irritable ; headache, with gastric symptoms."-Hg. 
Much headache from perverted digestion; mostly in forehead. 
Sleepless at night, but sleepy during the day. 
Chronic ophthalmia; eyes inflamed, and lids agglutinated at 
night. 
"Disposition to take cold about the head, from bathing in cold 
water; worse evenings and from getting warm."-Hg. 
Metastasis of gout and rheumatism, causing gastric catarrh. 
Hydrogenoid constitution; young people that grow fat, and 
can not bear cold water. 
Aggravation.-Evening; getting overheated; can not bear 
the sun ; very sensitive to cold air; can not bear cold water; from 
acid wine, and from motion. 
Amelioration.-During rest; in open air; from warm food. ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 
80 
ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 
Tartar Emetic. 
Chemical preparation. Trituration and Aqueous solution. 
Antidotes.-Cupr., Ipec., Puls., Chin., Cocc., Tannic acid. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Tartar emetic has five special 
centers of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. Catarrh, and Pustular Inflammation. 
II. Skin. Pustular Inflammation. 
III. Circulation and Blood. Heart Depressant; Blood Liquefied. 
IV. Spinal Cord. Motor and Sensory Paralysis. 
V. Muscular System. Paralysis; Loss of Reflex Action. 
Mucous Membranes.-Tartar emetic produces pustular in- 
flammation of the mouth, throat, oesophagus, stomach, and 
small intestines. Through the vagi, it produces intense catarrhal 
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. Its action upon 
the vagi deserves particular attention. 
As an emetic, Tartarized Antimony produces considerable 
depression, with nausea in a much greater degree than most other 
emetics ; and the repeated vomiting is accompanied by great strain- 
ing. Its action is somewhat tardy, sometimes twenty minutes to 
half an hour; hence, in cases of poisoning, it is an unsuitable 
emetic. 
"Magendie has shown, that, when injected into the veins, Tar- 
tar emetic excites nausea, even after the removal of the stomach, 
and its substitution by a pig's bladder; hence, it has generally 
been held that this salt produces vomiting, not by its effects on 
the stomach, but on the nervous centers. Grimm, who is con- 
firmed by Kleimann and Simonowitsch, finds, that, when in- 
jected into a vein, it excites vomiting more slowly, and a larger 
dose is required, than when administered by the stomach; 
whjence he concludes that it produces vomiting by its effects on 
the terminations of the nerves of the stomach. Other observers 
explain the above facts by the supposition that Tartar emetic 
acts both through the terminations of the nerves of the stomach 
and directly on the center of vomiting. 
"After small medicinal doses, the stomach experiences a slight 
sensation of soreness,- a sensation easily mistaken for hunger. ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 
81 
Pushed yet further, it produces increased secretion of mucus 
from the stomach and intestines, to the extent of producing 
numerous moist diarrhoeic motions, with colic. The bronchial 
mucous membrane also yields an increased secretion ; and prob- 
ably the secretion of the whole mucous tract is augmented."- 
Ringer. 
In poisoning by Tartar emetic, we have violent and continuous 
vomiting, accompanied with diarrhoea,-stools watery, bilious, and 
sometimes bloody,-with gastro-enteritis, and sometimes peritoni- 
tis. The prostration is profound ; pulse and respiration slow, with 
repeated faintings. From nine to fifteen grains is regarded as a 
fatal dose for a healthy adult; but death has resulted from two 
grains, and in children from three-quarters of a grain. 
Post-Mortem Appearances.-"The most important are those 
of gastritis, which are rarely wanting; in some cases this has 
reached the highest degree, and led to hemorrhagic exudation and 
infiltration upon and into the mucous membrane of the stomach, 
and even to abundant hemorrhage into the intestinal canal. In 
several cases extension of the inflammation to the serous mem- 
brane has been reported. Slight ulceration of the mucous mem- 
brane has frequently been seen; and in some cases it has been 
found in the upper part of the small intestines."-Ziemssen. 
Kidneys.-The urine is first increased; but, in severe poison- 
ing, it is generally scanty and bloody, and even suppressed. C. 
Gathgens found, in his experiments, an increase of the elimination 
of urea after repeated toxic doses of Antimony. 
Respiratory Organs.-"The respiration in poisoning by Anti- 
mony is very irregular, with all sorts of variations in the rhythm 
of the act. In the advanced stages, the pauses are often very long, 
and the inspiration and expiration so forced and prolonged that 
very generally, in animals at least, marginal emphysema and sub- 
pleural ecchymosis are found after death. The origin of the res- 
piratory trouble is somewhat complex; the chief factor being the 
direct influence of the drug upon the respiratory nerve centers, 
and minor causes, the intense venous congestion due to the failure 
of the circulation, and the alteration of the blood itself. Upon the 
mucous membrane of the lungs, it acts directly or indirectly. 
The venous system is much engorged, and the viscera intensely 
congested. Magendie says, that, in animals, poisoned by Tartar 
emetic, the lungs are always full of portions apparently hepatized. 
and in a large proportion of fatal cases, emphysema, pulmonary 82 
ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 
apoplexy, atelectasis, or other structural lesions of the lungs 
exist."-H. C. Wood. 
Skin.-Pustular ecthyma is a marked effect of Tartar emetic 
upon the skin, whether applied locally or given internally. Tay- 
lor gives one case of poisoning by Antimony, where, after the third 
day, the patient had large numbers of pustules upon the skin. 
When applied locally, in from one to three days there appears 
first simple redness, soon followed by papules, which shortly be- 
come converted into vesicles, and then into pustules, varying from 
one-eighth of an inch to an inch and a half in diameter, and very 
painful; but, if the application is withdrawn, they readily heal. 
Circulation and Blood.-When Tartar emetic is injected into 
the frog, the cardiac contractions in a very short time are lessened 
in frequency and force, and become irregular, the auricles pul- 
sating more frequently than the ventricles, until finally arrest 
occurs in diastole. After death the irritability of the cardiac 
muscle is almost, or more frequently entirely, destroyed. Upon 
the heart of the mammal, the drug acts as upon that of the frog. 
The arterial pressure always falls steadily and to an extreme 
degree. The pulse sometimes seems accelerated at first, but, in 
the great majority of cases, is decreased very decidedly in its rate. 
During this period of slow pulse, the diastolic pauses are extremely 
long, hut the individual beat will influence the mercurial column 
of the cardiometer five times as much as normal. After a while 
the pulse suddenly becomes very rapid, the force of the heart-beat 
is almost completely lost, the arterial pressure falls to a minimum, 
and in a very few moments diastolic arrest occurs. It is evident 
that the action of Antimony is a direct one ; the irritability of the 
muscle is lost."-Wood. 
"There is no doubt that Tartar emetic is a powerful cardiac 
poison; the cessation of the heart's action which is observed in 
experiments, is at all events independent of the influence of the 
poison upon the central nervous system, since it takes place also 
after the destruction of the medulla oblongata. Fatty degenera- 
tion of the heart, liver, and kidneys, has been produced by the 
drug when fed to animals."-Dr. Mannyn. 
Blood.-Antimony produces liquefaction of the blood; and it 
coagulates very imperfectly. 
Temperature.-Small therapeutic doses have but little in- 
fluence upon the temperature; but nauseating doses reduce the 
temperature from one to three degrees, especially of the extremi- ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 
83 
ties. Poisonous doses reduce the temperature in a marked degree. 
Ackerman found, that, in rabbits, if they lived five hours, the 
depression of temperature amounted to 6° C. 
Spinal Cord.-Antimony is a direct paralyzer of the motor and 
sensory nerves, and, through these, of the muscles. 
With the motor and sensory paralysis, there is loss of reflex 
action. 
"A prominent symptom in Antimonial poisoning, is paralysis, 
affecting to an extraordinary degree the sensory, and to a less ex- 
tent the motor, system. In man, the anaesthesia which occurs in 
animals has been overlooked; but, in the advanced stages of 
poisoning, it is no doubt present. According to Radziejewski, the 
paralysis and diminution of reflex action are of spinal origin; as 
they occur when the Setschenow's center is previously separated 
from the cord, as well as when access of poison to an extremity 
has been prevented by tying the artery. The paralysis occurs in 
the following order: Sensibility toward thermic and chemical 
irritants, then toward tactile stimuli, then toward locomotion and 
reflex action. Thus, a rabbit which could still drag itself around, 
suffered its paws to be deeply burned without evincing the slight- 
est evidence of feeling."-Wood. 
Muscular System.-The muscles are the end organs of the 
motor nerves; and through these the muscular system is pros- 
trated, and its reflex action lost. Antimony is a protoplasmic 
poison, destroying function in all nitrogenous tissue. 
T herapeutic In di vi d nality. 
Especially adapted to torpid, phlegmatic, hydrogenoid consti- 
tutions, afflicted with catarrh of the mucous membranes. 
Melancholic; bad humor; despairs of his recovery; inde- 
scribable anxiety and oppression of the chest. In lung and gastric 
affections. 
"Vertigo with drowsiness; the head trembles, particularly 
when coughing, with an inward trembling; teeth chattering, and 
drowsiness, more in the evening and in warmth."-Hg. 
"Vertigo ; vision dim; flickering before the eyes, with press- 
ing headache."-Hg. 
"Cerebral congestion ; feels as if brain was pressed together; 
in pneumonia, intermittents, and gastric affections. '-Hg. 
"Apoplexia nervosa and serosa."-Hg. 
"Head very hot and sweaty."-Hg. 84 
ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 
Eyes.-Not much action here, only through sympathy. The 
eyes look sunken, and are surrounded with dark circles ; choleraic 
diseases. 
"Obscuration of sight, flickering before the eyes on rising."- 
Noebling. 
Eyes slightly inflamed; lids covered with mucus; eyes feel 
tired, must close them continually. 
"Rheumatic and gonorrhoeal ophthalmia."-Hg. 
Nose.-Nostrils black, smoky, inflated, and moving rapidly, 
like wings, in pneumonia."-Hg. 
"Sneezing, fluent coryza, and chilliness, with loss of taste and 
smell."-Hah. 
"Tight feeling across the nose, with nosebleed."-Gross. 
Face.-The face expresses great anxiety in lung and gastric 
diseases. 
"Suffering, face livid, bloated, anxious; pneumonia."-Hg. 
"Pale, sunken face ; nose pointed, sunken; bathed in cold 
sweat; in choleraic diseases."-Hg. 
"Aphthae around the mouth; pustules on the face."-Hg. 
Mouth.-Lips dry, parched, in pneumonia and fevers. 
"Tongue coated thinly, white, with reddened papillae; red edges; 
tongue very red, dry in the middle, with bitter taste."-Hg. 
Slimy, heavily furred white tongue, or yellow-brown, with 
nausea and bilious vomiting. 
"Pustular inflammation occurs in the mouth, throat, larynx, 
oesophagus, stomach, and small intestines."-Hughes. 
Copious salivation with nausea. 
Catarrhal inflammation of the mouth, with much mucus in 
the throat. 
Very great thirst day and night. 
Stomach.-Loss of appetite ; disgust for every kind of food. 
"Irresistible thirst for cold water; vomits the smallest quan- 
tity taken."-Hg. 
"Desire for acids, for fruits, or for any cold drink."-Hg. 
"After every drink, nausea and pressure in the pit of the 
stomach."-Hg. 
"Nausea causes great anxiety, in diarrhcea; continuous, 
anxious nausea, straining to vomit, with sweat on the forehead, in 
diarrhoea. "-Hg. 
Nausea with great faintness, in gastro-intestinal affections. ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 
85 
"Nausea and continuous vomiting of food, mucus, bile, and 
blood."- 
"Much nausea and vomiting day and night; drowsiness."-G. 
Vomiting oi large quantities of mucus and bilious matter. 
"Pit of the stomach sensitive, with meteorism, nausea, and 
vomiting."-Hg. 
"Pressure in hypochondria, with distention, most in region of 
the liver, with vomiting of bile and mucus."-Hg. 
"Icterus, with pneumonia, especially of the right lung."-Hg. 
Abdomen.-Sharp, cutting colic before stool, with meteorism. 
"Abdomen tympanitic and very sensitive to pressure, or feels 
as if stuffed full of stones, though he has eaten nothing, and it 
does not feel hard."-Hg. 
Stools.-Watery, mucous, bilious, or bloody, diarrhoea. 
"Colliquative diarrhoea, with meteorism, and great thirst."-G. 
" Stools as green as grass, slimy or watery, in summer com- 
plaint."-Hg. 
Cholera, with copious vomiting, watery diarrhoea; great cold- 
ness (collapse); thread-like, trembling pulse. 
"Diarrhoea in pneumonia, small-pox, and suppressed erup- 
tions."-Hg. 
Burning at the anus after stool, with stitches in the rectum. 
"Tenesmus during and after loose stools."-Hg. 
Urinary Organs.-Painful urging to urinate; scanty dis- 
charge, dark red, or the least bloody, with stitches in the bladder 
and burning in the urethra; spasms of the bladder. 
"Painful urging to urinate, depositing blood on standing."-Hg. 
Sexual Organs, Male. -Orchitis after suppressed gonorrhoea. 
Sycosis, warts on the glans, ulcers on the genitals and thighs. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early; too scanty, and 
last but two days. 
"Severe bearing-down in the vagina; dysmenorrhoea, and 
chilliness. "-Hg. 
Bloody, watery leucorrhoea, worse when sitting; discharges 
acrid. Pustules on the pudendum. 
"During pregnancy, vomiting of mucus; belching; disgust for 
food; salivation; nausea with faintness, and amblyopia."-Hg. 
No remedy excels Tartar emetic to dilate a rigid os uteri in 
labor. 
Puerperal metro-peritonitis, colliquative diarrhoea and sweat; 
great prostration, and no pain anywhere. ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 
86 
Respiratory Organs.-The great key for the use of Tartar 
emetic is large collections of mucus in the bronchial tubes; ex- 
pectorated with great difficulty; indicating approaching paralysis 
of the vagi. 
In broncho-pneumonia, second stage, with bronchi loaded with 
mucus, it is specific; or acute oedema of the lungs. 
"Adapted to sub-acute more than to chronic affections of the 
air-tubes ; hence its frequent application in bronchial catarrh, for 
children and aged people. Infants, especially, sometimes exhibit, 
in the course of chronic bronchitis [acute too], sudden and alarm- 
ing symptoms of suffocation. In such cases a vomiting dose of 
this salt does much good and can not do harm. Afterward the 
3x or 4x triturations act all the more favorably on the affected 
parts. ''-Meyhoffer. 
"Coughing and gaping constantly, particularly in children, 
when crying or dozing; rattling or hollow cough; worse at night, 
with suffocation, throat full of phlegm, sweat on forehead, vom- 
iting of food.''-Hg. 
Cough when wTe have a partial paralysis of the vagi; short, 
hoarse, weak, nearly suffocating breathing, with whistling noise ; 
thorax expands with great difficulty; head thrown backward, with 
great anxiety and prostration; face livid and cold; forehead, and 
sometimes the whole body, covered with cold perspiration; pulse 
feeble and accelerated. 
"The nares escape untouched; the inflammation beginning in 
the larynx becomes intense in the trachea and bronchi."-Hughes. 
"In pneumonia with high-graded hepatization, it aids expec- 
toration when resolution begins to take place. In chronic bron- 
chial catarrhs, emphysema bronchitasia, senile catarrhs. It 
gives great alleviation in tuberculosis pulmonum, but causes more 
rapid dissolution of the tubercles, and hastens the downward 
course. In croup as an intermediate remedy for the solution, and 
to keep off paralysis. It acts well in those cases without pro- 
ducing emesis."-Dr. Hirschel. 
Croup. This drug is of great value in croup, with weak, hoarse 
voice; rapid, short, heavy, anxious breathing; danger of suffoca- 
tion ; face blue, skin cold, clammy: large quantities of mucus 
in the bronchi, that can not be expectorated; catarrhal form; 
and is often of great utility in membranous croup. Use first 
three potencies. 
"Respiration with great rattling of mucus; it threatens to 
suffocate the child; in croup, bronchial catarrh, and pneu- 
monia."-Hg. ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 
87 
"Breathing short and suffocating; extreme want of breath, 
■worse at night; must sit up to get air; coughing relieves; in 
pneumonia, bronchial catarrh, and oedema of the lungs."-Hg. 
"Asphyxia, from pneumonia, capillary bronchitis, atelectasis ; 
from accumulation of mucus which can not be expectorated; from 
emphysema, acute oedema pulmonum, with hydrothorax, and im- 
pending paralysis of the lungs; accompanied by drowsiness or 
coma ; pale or dark face ; blue lips ; delirium ; muscular twitch- 
ings; thread-like pulse; and from mechanical causes, as from 
drowning. "-Hg. 
Circulation.-Small, frequent, thready pulse, or trembling, 
in pneumonia; catarrhal bronchitis and gastric affections. 
"Palpitation of the heart; feels warm about the heart."-Hg. 
Baek.-"Violent pain in the sacro-lumbar region ; the slight- 
est effort to move causes retching and cold sweat; or as if a load 
was hanging on the end of the coccyx, dragging downward all the 
time."-Hg. 
Lumbago. No remedy in the Materia Medica can equal this 
drug in this painful malady; if given so that it will produce slight 
nausea, it will cure about every case. 
Neck and back stiff, aggravated greatly by motion. 
Extremities.-"Hands cold and moist; tips of fingers icy 
cold, with trembling of the hands."-Hg. 
"Rheumatism, pain in wrists, knees, ankles; violent pain as 
if the flesh were torn from the bones, or arms dislocated."-Hg. 
Limbs over-fatigued; heavy, can not move them from weak- 
ness. So weak can not stand; muscles twitch, and the whole 
body trembles. 
Great lassitude and debility in malarial fevers. 
"Prostration and collapse in choleraic diseases."-Hg. 
So exhausted that he falls in a semi-coma and lies motion- 
less. 
Skin.-Skin pale, shriveled, cold and clammy. 
"The breast and inner surface of arms and thighs were thickly 
covered with an eruption of bright red, small, conical, distinct 
hard pimples, having an inflamed base, resembling lichen, itching 
intolerably."-J. H. Woodburg, M. T). 
In variola it is of great value, especially in second, pustular 
stage, size of a pea, soon covered with brown crusts ; also where 
eruption does not come out good, with convulsions, diarrhoea, etc. ANTIMONIUM TARTARICUM. 
88 
"Skin hot and dry, in pneumonia or bronchitis."-Hg. 
"Vesicular eruption over whole body, with restlessness."-Hg. 
Skin very sensitive to every change of the weather. 
Fever.-"Chill with external coldness, at all times of the day, 
with trembling shaking; feels as if cold water was poured over 
him."-Hg. 
Chills and heat alternate, but chills predominate. 
"Long-lasting heat after a chill, with somnolency, and sweat 
on the forehead, or profuse cold, clammy sweat, with great 
thirst."-Hg. 
"Skin chilly, with copious sweats that do not relieve."-Hg. 
"Temperature increasedin pneumonia and rheumatism."-Hg. 
Intermittents, with long-lasting sweats, and marked gastric 
affections, and soporous sleep. 
Bilious and gastric fevers; great prostration; much nausea 
and vomiting, with great prostration; and cold sweats. 
Profuse night sweats after intermittents; patient is drowsy 
and has much jerking of the limbs. 
Asthenic fevers, with great debility and much trembling. 
I use the first three triturations, and am satisfied. 
As a counter-irritant, Tartar emetic is often of great value in 
lung diseases and chronic affections of the spine. 
Aggravation.-In the evening; damp, cold weather; getting 
warm in bed, and from lying crooked. 
Amelioration.-In open, cool air; during the day; from sitting 
erect, and from moistening the affected parts. APIS MELLIFICA. 
89 
APIS MELLIFICA. 
Poison of the Honey-bee. 
Habitat: America, Europe, etc. Trituration of the poison-sac, or tincture, Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Lach., Urt. ur., Canth., Lactic acid, and Plantain. 
Through the organic nervous system, Apis has five special centers 
of action: 
I. Cellular Tissue. (Edema and Dropsy. 
II. Skin. Urticarious Inflammation. 
III. Serous Membranes. Dropsy. 
IV. Mucous Membranes. (Edematous Inflammation. 
V. Gland. S. Ovaries, Testicles, and Tonsils, Hypertrophied. 
Cellular Tissue.-Apis produces rapid swelling of the cellu- 
lar tissue, with redness, burning, and stinging pains, which are 
soon followed by acute oedema and dropsy. Stings of bees pro- 
duce erysipelatous swelling of the face, so great that they can be 
hardly recognized, from infiltrations into the cellular tissue. The 
legs and feet become greatly oedematous. 
Skin.-Apis produces urticarious inflammation of the skin. 
Dr. H. Goullon says: "It cures internal morbid states which re- 
flect themselves on the skin; e. g., an exanthema with burning, 
itching, fissuring pains; an urticaria with red or white areola, 
spots or pimples; a vesicular eruption with a bluish-red, hard, 
hot base; an oedematous or erysipelatous swelling; ulcers, or 
suppressed scarlatina and measles." 
Serous Membranes.-Here, this drug produces a condition 
similar to those which are the products of serous inflammation; 
i. e., dropsical effusions, as hydro-pericardium, ascites, and hydro- 
cephalus ; and it has been of signal service in dropsical effu- 
sions. 
Mucous Membranes.-Apis produces inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the eyes, mouth, fauces, tonsils, throat, 
gastro-intestinal tract, kidneys, and neck of the bladder; more of a 
sub-acute catarrhal variety, dipping down into the cellular tissue, 
producing an oedematous inflammation. 90 
APIS MELLIFICA. 
Glandular System.-It acts especially upon the ovaries and 
testicles, producing congestion, mild inflammation, with a great 
tendency to become dropsical; acting more especially upon the 
left ovary, producing suppression of the menses, dysmenorrhoea, 
with scanty menstruation, and swelling of the labia of an cedema- 
tous nature. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Particularly adapted to diseases that are located upon the left 
side of the body (fauces, tonsils, ovaries). The pains that are 
peculiarly characteristic are like the sting of a bee, burning, 
stinging; and, in most all diseases that call for Apis, the urine 
is extremely high colored and scanty. 
Meningitis, with effusion; child lies in torpor; delirium; 
sudden shrill cries; squinting; grinding of teeth; boring head 
in pillow; one side twitching, the other paralyzed; much sweat 
of the head, and urine very scanty; sub-acute stage ; no thirst. 
"Sopor, interrupted by piercing shrieks; restless; absent- 
mindedness."-Hg. 
"Thinks he will die ; muttering delirium ; continual moaning 
and screaming; violent screaming; cannot help crying."-Hg. 
Great indifference ; apathy; discouraged ; irritable and fidgety. 
"Confused vertigo, worse when sitting than when walking, 
extreme when lying down, and on closing the eyes; nausea and 
headache."-Hg. 
"Congestion of blood to the head and face; fullness in head 
from suppressed menses or albuminuria."-Ilg. 
"Head dull, and so heavy that it can not be moved; great 
pain in the occiput, with sharp shrieks; apoplexia serosa."-Hg. 
"Head feels swollen; puffiness of the scalp; erysipelas and 
cedema."-Hg. 
Hair falls out in spots ; burning, stinging pains in scalp. 
Ears.-"Otitis after scarlatina, with hardness of hearing; 
redness and swelling of both ears."-Hg. 
Erysipelatous and oedematous inflammation of the ears. 
Eyes.-"This is an important eye remedy; and it is especially 
applicable to inflammations, with burning, biting pains ; inflam- 
mations following eruptive diseases; inflammations with severe 
shooting pains, heat of the head, red face, cold feet, etc. Ery- 
sipelatous inflammations of the lids, with adjacent smooth swell- 
ing of the face, especially with chemosed conjunctiva, etc. Vari- APIS MELLIFICA. 
91 
ous forms of blepharitis, with thickening or swelling, such as 
incipient phlegmon, with great puffiness and stinging pains. 
Often the remedy for acute catarrhal conjunctivitis, with bright 
redness and chemosis of the conjunctiva, with stinging pains. 
Various forms of keratitis, with dreadful shooting pains through 
the eye ; lids swollen; hot lachrymation, gushing out on opening 
the eyes; photophobia, and ulceration of the cornea, the dis- 
charges are not acrid."-A. and N. 
"In staphyloma and hypopyon, when based on an erysipelatous 
or scrofulous diathesis, study Apis."-Goullon. 
"Cornea thick, having dark, smoky spots, keratitis."-Hg. 
Scrofulous pustular keratitis, with tumefaction of the lids; 
much relief from cold water. 
" Dilated pupils, in meningitis infantum; squinting of one or 
both eyes, trembling and rolling of the eyeballs in sleep."-Hg. 
" Lids oedematous; bag-like swelling under the eyes; lids feel 
stiff, are swollen."-Hg. 
Granulations or styes; ulceration of lids; eyelashes fall out. 
Nose.-Erysipelatous inflammation of the nose, with burning, 
stinging pains. Nasal catarrh, with thick, white, fetid mucous 
discharge, often mixed with blood; often seen in scarlatina; or 
dryness and swelling. 
Face.-Swollen, pale, waxen, cedematous; or erysipelatous 
inflammation of the face. In dropsy and albuminuria, the face 
has marked oedema, often extending to the lips. 
Mouth.-Buccal cavity red, swollen, and oedematous, with 
burning, stinging pains. 
"Gums sacculated, look watery, or bleed easily."-Hg. 
" Tongue red at the tip, or dry, with a brown streak down the 
middle, sides moist; dryness of the tongue, with fiery redness of 
buccal cavity, and very painful."-Hg. 
Tongue dry and trembling; can not taste or talk (typhoid). 
Inflammation of the tongue; it is much swollen, dry and glossy. 
Tongue covered with a thick white coating in diseases of the 
throat and stomach; deep red in scarlatina, cracked, or covered 
with vesicles. 
Throat-Malignant diphtheria ; mouth, throat, pharynx, bright 
red, glossy, as if varnished; in places coated white, but often 
with dirty grayish, tough membrane ; not much pain ; breath very 
fetid, and great debility. This diphtheritic angina is often cedem- 
atous. 92 
APIS MELLIFICA. 
"Scarlatina eruption just subsiding; throat intensly red, dry, 
and glazed looking, with small gray ulcers in the throat; fever, 
skin dry; pulse quick, and great exhaustion."-Hg. 
Swallowing is done with great difficulty; tonsils greatly swol- 
len and cedematous; with stinging, burning pains when swallow- 
ing. 
"Could not bear anything to touch his neck; could hardly 
breathe from suffocation."-Dr. C. IP. Boyce. 
Stomach.-Complete loss of appetite. 
"Drinks often, but little at a time; or no thirst."-Hg. 
"Great soreness when touched in pit of stomach, under the 
ribs, in abdomen; heaviness and distress in the stomach after 
eating."-Hg. 
Vomiting in acute hydrocephalus; vomiting of mucus and 
bile. 
Great soreness and burning in the stomach. 
"Gastralgia, with bilious diarrhoea."-Hg. 
Congestion of the liver and spleen, with bruised pains. 
Abdomen.-Inflammation of the peritoneum and bowels, with 
ascites, and great tenderness of the whole abdomen. 
"Sensation in the abdomen as if something tight would break, 
if too much effort was made to void a constipated stool."-G. 
"Plunging pain in the abdomen, pains like a bee-sting in peri- 
tonitis, with great prostration; rapid pulse, and fever."-G. 
Stool.-One of our best remedies for morning diarrhoea. 
"Diarrhoea every morning, stool green, yellow, watery or slimy 
mucus."-Hg. 
"Copious green watery, or thin yellow7 mucus, with great pros- 
tration ; the stools occur with every motion of the body, as if the 
anus w7ere constantly open (Phosphorus)."-Hg. 
"Olive-green, slimy, profuse stools, full of bright red lumps 
like chopped beets, with colic and tenesmus."-Hg. 
"Chronic diarrhoea, with many small passages of blood and 
mucus, in women at critical age."-Hg. 
Dysentery, anus feels raw7 and excoriated, in hemorrhage from 
the bowels, with burning pains, and tenesmus. 
In many diseases there is obstinate constipation. 
Urinary Organs.-This is one of the most valuable 
for the use of Apis, when the urine is dark and scanty, especially* 
in ascites and all kinds of dropsy; abdominal walls sore, v: 
stinging pains. APIS MELLIFICA. 
93 
"Incontinence of urine, with great irritation of the parts, 
worse at night and when coughing."-Have. 
Catarrh of the urinary canaliculi, after scarlatina that runs a 
rapid course, accompanied by albuminuria and general anasarca. 
Inflammation of the bladder, with vesical tenesmus, and 
scanty urine. 
Excessive pain in the region of the kidneys and bladder. 
Frequent, painful, scanty, bloody urination; urine scanty and 
high colored in most diseases that call for Apis. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Hydrocele and dropsy of the scrotum; 
excessive oedema of the parts. 
"Sycosis, copious secretion of thin, ichorous matter, with 
burning, stinging pains; condylomata; ulcers of the glans 
penis."-Hg. 
Erysipelatous inflammation of the genitalia. 
Orchitis with much hypertrophy of the testicle. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Increased sexual desire. 
Enlargement and great irritation of the ovaries, especially the 
left, with stinging pains. 
"Burning, stinging pains in the right ovary for several months. 
"Ovaritis, sharp, cutting, lancinating pains in ovarian region, 
extending down the thighs ; worse right side ; numbness in side 
and limb."-IIg. 
"Constant feeling of weight and heaviness in ovarian region, 
with a sense of tightness and stinging pains."-Hg. 
Great irritation in ovarian region, with soreness and stinging, 
burning pains. 
"Inflammation, induration, enlargement, swelling and dropsy 
of the ovaries, principally the right, often accompanied with 
paroxysms of severe pain."-Hg. 
"Dropsy of the right ovary, with so great an accumulation of 
fluid that motion is almost impossible, with stinging, lancinating 
pains; urine scanty, and general anasarca."-Hg. 
Apis has cured simple ovarian cysts ; but, when they are solid 
tumors, its usefulness probably ceases. The specific action of 
Apis upon the ovaries is most marked and wonderful. 
Great sensitiveness of the uterus ; menses premature and very 
copious, with bearing-down pain in the uterus. 
"Menorrhagia, with heaviness in the abdomen; faintness, 
restlessness, yawning, with urticaria."-Hg. 
Menses very irregular, scanty, with great weakness; ovaries 
congested, with stinging pains and congestive dysmenorrhcea. 94 
APIS MELLIFICA. 
"Amenorrhoea with pain in the right ovary; prolapsus uteri, 
cedema of the labia, and much debility."-Hg. 
"Leucorrhcea acrid, profuse, green or yellowish."-Hg. 
(Edema of the labia, often very great. 
Acute erysipelatous inflammation of the labia, with stinging 
pains. 
Pregnancy.-"Abortion during the early months, with stinging 
pains in the ovarian region until labor-pains ensue; much flow- 
ing and then abortion."-Hg. 
"Menorrhagia, with miscarriage."-Hg. 
Mamma.-Enlargement and induration of the mammae, with 
stinging, burning pains ; suppuration, with great tenderness. 
Scirrhous tumors, or open cancer; nipple everted, with sting- 
ing pains. 
Erysipelatous inflammation of the mammae. 
Mammae discharge bloody milk. 
Respiratory Organs.-Apis is of great value in all dropsical 
effusions of the chest. 
(Edematous swelling of the sub-mucous cellular tissue of the 
larynx, with suffocating cough. 
"The Apis cough is suffocating, painful, but not so hard as 
the Belladonna cough, but there is more dyspncea, and often an 
cedematous eruption upon the skin. The action of Apis on the 
larynx offers great analogies to that of Belladonna; and, where 
the latter fails (or Atropine), Apis may perfect a rapid cure. 
Apis may also help in that rough, painful cough, accompanied 
by clear salivation, where the saliva can be drawn out into long 
strings, like Mercury or Kali bi."-Goullon. 
Croup, with rattling, hoarse, suffocating cough; oedema glot- 
tidis; the respirations very laborious and difficult, with great 
prostration. 
"Chronic laryngitis, with hoarseness, dryness and burning of 
larynx; voice hoarse and rough."-Hg. 
"Cough, with threatening resonance which denotes implication 
of the upper part of the windpipe; bronchitis; cough croupy, 
with ringing sound; dry, with gagging; soreness of upper part of 
the chest, with painful concussion of the head, and labored 
breathing. "-Hg. 
"Great feeling of suffocation; can not bear anything about the 
throat."-Hg. 
Oppression of chest, as though patient would smother. APIS MELLIFICA. 
95 
Heart.-Inflammation of the pericardium, with effusion; feel- 
ing of suffocation; pulse hard, small, and quick. 
"Feeling about the heart as if something was breaking away; 
great anguish, and sense of suffocation."-Hg. 
Intermittent, feeble pulse, hi dropsy, or violent beating of the 
heart. 
"Pulse changes frequently in character; meningitis; dropsy; 
typhus, etc."-Hg. 
Chest feels as if beaten, jammed, or bruised. 
Neck and Back.-Glands of neck swollen, with stiffness of 
neck (diphtheria). 
"Pain, with stiffness from neck down between shoulders."-Hg. 
"Burning and heat, like prickly heat, on the back."-Hg. 
"Burning pressing in coccygeal region, worse when sitting 
down."-Hg. 
Bearing-down in small of the back before menstruation. 
Extremities.-CEdema of the hands; numbness of fingers. 
Rheumatism of the right arm and shoulder. 
"Right arm red, swollen, erysipelatous and with stinging 
pains."-Hg. 
"Arms paralyzed, and swollen, white as putty."-Hg. 
Panaritium, with stinging pains; dissecting wounds. 
General dropsy, legs and feet waxy, pale, and oedematous. 
Albuminuria and general dropsy; the legs and feet are enor- 
mously swollen, numb and stiff; can hardly walk. 
"Burning pain in both lower limbs, from thighs to ankles; 
could not move the feet."-Hg. 
"Thrombosis, limb immovable, covered with reddish and 
bluish streaks and spots; hard, elastic, hot, exceedingly painful, 
especially along the crural vessels and nerves."-Hg. 
Acute synovitis of the knee, followed by effusion; all the joints 
and limbs are very sore. 
Fever.-"Intermittents; chill 4. p. m.; worse in a warm room; 
or near the stove; renewed chilliness from the slightest motion, 
with heat of the face and hands; falls into a deep sleep. Pro- 
tracted cases with no sweat."-D. 
The great key for Apis in intermittents is, that the sweating 
stage is almost entirely absent, and the patient during the heat 
sleeps continually, with more or less headache. 
High temperature, with suppuration, scarlatina, or erysipelas. 
Typhoid, patient apathetic, with much prostration. 96 
APIS MELLIFICA. 
"Sphacelated erysipelas; scarlet rash; red points here and 
there upon the skin."-G. 
"Scarlatina, dry nose and throat, with hydrocephalus."-Z/7. 
Blood-poisoning, from scarlatina, diphtheria, or erysipelas. 
Lymphatic vessels affected, hard and painful under the skin. 
Skin.-Unusually white, almost transparent, in dropsical effu- 
sions ; legs and feet greatly swollen, and urine scanty. 
"Skin extremely sensitive to contact, painful to the slightest 
touch; could not bear the sheet upon him."-Jig. 
"Erysipelas after wounds; mortified cellular tissue after vac- 
cination; unhealthy suppuration of ligatures."-Hg. 
Varicose veins, burn and sting much; acute phlebitis. 
Urticaria, comes suddenly, itches and burns like bee-stings. 
"Stinging; burning; pricking; smarting or itching of the skin ; 
very sensitive to the slightest touch."-Hg. 
"Skin very hot, red, and irritated; or has a bloated, swollen 
appearance, in scarlatina."-Hg. 
Stings from insects, with red, inflamed eruption, burning like 
fire, and itching intolerably. Grand for nettle-rash. 
Anasarca and general dropsy; first stages of albuminuria 
after scarlatina, or suppressed eruptions; scanty urine, breath 
suffocating; patient can not lie down. 
Carbuncle, with stinging, burning pains. Grand remedy to 
lessen the pain. Good in variola, with great thirst, or none at all. 
Aggravation.-Worse in cold weather; chest diseases ; night, 
especially after midnight; overheated, closed rooms are insup- 
portable. 
Amelioration.-Pressing relieves headache; washing in cold 
water relieves skin affections; likes the open air. APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. 
97 
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. 
Indian Hemp. 
Habitat, America. Tincture of the fresh root, Class III. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Apocynum has three 
special centers of action: 
I. Mucous Membranes. Increased Secretion. 
II. Serous Membranes and Cellular Tissue. Dropsy. 
III. Skin. Diaphoresis. 
Mucous Membrane.-Upon the mucous membrane of the gas-, 
tro-intestinal canal, through the pneumogastric nerve, Apocynum 
produces increased secretions; violent nausea and vomiting, with 
increased alvine discharges. It is a powerful emetic and 
cathartic. 
Kidneys.-Here not only the mucous membrane is affected, 
but the whole vascular system of the kidney; the increased blood- 
pressure is very great. There is no destruction of the mucous 
epithelium, nor traces of blood in the urine. The first effect of 
the drug is to produce copious diuresis; and the secondary effect 
is, urine exceedingly scanty, the kidney remaining in a torpid, pas- 
sive state; and its greatest therapeutic value is in renal dropsy. 
Lungs.-The mucous membrane of the air-passages becomes 
congested, producing "stuffy " catarrh. 
Serous Membrane and Cellular Tissue.-Upon these tis- 
sues, Apocynum produces a general dropsical condition of a 
marked character; as ascites, hydrothorax', anasarca, and great 
cedema of the legs and feet; and no remedy has been of more value 
in : icnte dropsical affections, especially if the renal organs were 
involved. 
Skin.-Here this drug produces copious perspiration ; and it 
is a marked diuretic ; or, the skin becomes dry and husky. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
"Dropsy, in its various forms, is the chief curative sphere of 
Apocynum; but renal dropsy is strictly the proper sphere of its 
action. Anasarca, ascites, oedema of the legs, and even hydrothorax, 98 
APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. 
may all proceed from suspended action of the kidneys, as an 
idiopathic affection. When this is the case Apocynum will rarely 
fail to cure, when no structural disease of the kidneys exists. Other 
dropsies may be temporarily removed or palliated by its use, but 
not cured. It is this palliative power which gave it the name, 
among the early physicians, of the 'vegetable trocar,' meaning 
that its value was similar to that of tapping."-Hale. 
In post-scarlatinal dropsy, with albuminuria and general ana- 
sarca, I have made most brilliant cures with the tincture, in from 
one to five drop doses. The best cures with this drug have been 
made with the tincture and decoction in from one to two drachm 
doses. 
In dropsies where this drug is called for, there will be always 
scanty and dark-colored urine. 
"All kinds of dropsies, with a sinking feeling at the pit of the 
stomach ; idiopathic, chronic, and asthenic forms of dropsy, con- 
nected with a watery, non-albuminous state of the blood, and gen- 
eral debility."-Hale. 
Ascites, with bruised feeling in the abdomen; sinking feeling 
at the pit of the stomach, and scanty urine. 
Dropsy of the serous membrane ; excretions diminished, espe- 
cially the urine and sweat; acute inflammatory dropsy; great 
thirst, but water causes pain and vomiting; rheumatic stiffness, 
with no organic disease. 
"Hydrocephalus; stupor, sight of one eye totally lost; con- 
stant motion of one arm, and one leg; sutures of forehead open; 
stage of effusion. 
Head.-"Low-spirited and nervous; stupor; pain in the fore- 
head."-Hg. 
Acute hydrocephalus; projecting sutures; spasms of the arm 
and leg, with inflammation of one eye. 
Cold in the head; violent coryza ; stuffy colds. 
Face oedematous, in dropsical effusions. 
Digestive Organs.-Tongue coated brownish white, and dry. 
Great thirst, but water disagrees, and is vomited up at once. 
"Distressing vomiting with menorrhagia; considerable gastric 
disturbance, after scarlatina."-Hg. 
"Patient becomes very drowsy, and vomits very often; pulse 
slow."-Hg. 
Sense of great emptiness or sinking in the epigastrium. 
"Congestion of the liver, of the portal system, with ascites; 
the abdomen is much distended painful and very sore."-Hg. APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. 
99 
Ascites with bruised feeling in the abdomen and scanty urine. 
Copious, watery diarrhoea, or bilious stools. 
Constipation is a prominent symptom of this drug. 
Urinary Organs.-Excessive, light-colored urination. Urine 
high colored and extremely scanty, in dropsy. 
Puerperal convulsions from uraemia. Dr. Fahnestock has re- 
ported five successful cases, when used hypodermically. 
"Wetting the bed at night."-Hg. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-In the male, the scrotum and penis 
are highly oedematous. Acute hydrocele has been reported cured 
with this drug. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Most exhausting menorrhagia, 
the blood expelled in large clots. A moderate flow of catamenia 
for a day or two; then it suddenly sets in with such violence that 
she can not be out of bed."-Hg. 
"Metrorrhagia, continuous or paroxysmal; fluid or clotted; 
nausea, vomiting, palpitation; pulse quick, feeble when moved; 
fainting when raising up."-Hg. 
Ovarian tumors, monocystic, of short duration, with scanty 
urine, and great oedema of the legs and feet. 
Great oedema of the vulva. 
Respiratory Organs.-Can scarcely speak for want of breath, 
in hydro-pericardium. 
"Agonizing difficulty of breathing; can not remain in a recum- 
bent position, in dropsy of the chest."-Hg. 
Lying down produces violent dyspnoea. 
"Great dyspnoea; wheezing breathing, and cough, sometimes 
loose, but mostly dry; can not walk; dropsy of pericardium."-Hg. 
Suffocative and incessant dry, hacking cough; sometimes the 
cough is loose, expectoration copious and watery. 
Excellent in haemoptysis, with nausea and weak pulse. 
Frequent palpitation on moving, in dropsy of the chest; pulse 
small and irregular; vitality greatly weakened. 
Extremities.-"Finger-nails of a lead color in heart dis- 
ease."-Hg. 
Knees stiff; rheumatism; oedema of the feet and ankles very 
great in general dropsy; legs extremely weak. 
"Involuntary motion of one arm and one leg in hydroceph- 
alus."-Hg. 100 
ARGENTUM NITRICUM. 
Fever.-Skin dry and husky, especially at night. 
Body covered with large, cold drops of sweat; heart disease. 
Acute rheumatism, or inflammatory dropsy. 
"Skin at first hot and dry, later cold; clammy; general 
oedema."-Dr. Jessen. 
In dropsy, when the skin moistens improvement commences. 
Aggravation.-At night and in the morning, and sudden 
atmospheric changes from warm to cold. 
Amelioration.-"Warm, dry weather, and during the day. 
ARGENTUM NITRICUM. 
Nitrate of Silver. 
Chemical preparation. Aqueous solution, and trituration. 
Antidotes.-Chlor, of Sod., Ferrous Sulphide, Merc., Ars. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Argentum has six 
special centers of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. Atony; Destructive Inflammation. 
II. Cartilaginous System. Destructive Inflammation. 
III. Glandular System. Induration. 
IV. Blood. Destruction of lied Corpuscles; Chlorosis. 
V. Skin. Nodular and Vesicular Inflammation. 
VI. Cerebro-Spinal System. (Motor Tract.) Convulsions. 
Mucous Membranes.-Upon the mucous membrane of the 
stomach and duodenum, the main action of Argentum is to pro- 
duce atony with great flatulence; but, when given in large doses, 
it causes vomiting, purging, and violent gastro-intestinal inflam- 
mation. The action of this drug upon the abdominal sympathetic 
is well marked. The liver and kidneys are profoundly affected. 
After death in chronic poisoning, the epithelial structures of these 
organs are found in an advanced stage of degeneration. Fatty 
degeneration of these organs has often been noted. Increased 
secretion from the intestinal glandular apparatus, with soft, 
mushy, or copious watery stools ; and when this is long continued, ARGENTUM NITRICUM. 
101 
gastro-intestinal catarrh will be produced. The mucous mem- 
brane of the liver and kidneys becomes greatly swollen; bile is 
increased, and albumen is frequently found in the urine. Ulcera- 
tion of the stomach and duodenum has been produced by Argen- 
tum. 
Cartilaginous System.-Especially that of the ears, nose, 
false ribs, tarsal cartilages, tendons, and ligaments of joints, pro- 
ducing destructive inflammation. 
Glandular System.-Upon the salivary glands, testicles, 
liver, and kidneys, Argentum produces induration and fatty de- 
generation of their tissues. 
Blood.-Here it produces defective oxidation, destruction of 
the red corpuscles, anaemia, and depressed temperature. 
Skin.-The skin becomes an olive or slate color, from deposits 
of the silver in the tissues. Dr. Pepper says the staining of the 
skin is always preceded by a dark line upon the gums. It also 
causes violent itching on various localities, with nodular and 
vesicular eruptions. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Silver has a special action upon 
the cerebro-spinal system, as shown by the tetanic convulsions, 
paralysis, and insensibility that ensue from large doses. These 
convulsions, M. M. Charcot believes, are centric, from disturbance 
of the motor tract; but Prof. H. C. Wood believes that the con- 
vulsions are reflex; i. e., excited by the least peripheral irritation, 
and, also, persisting after the complete abolition of voluntary 
movements. " The paralysis is general, and is especially seen in 
the pulmonary branches of the vagi,-death ensuing from as- 
phyxia, with the same condition of the lungs as when their nerves 
are divided. In the pro vers, the neurotic effect of the drug was 
manifest in headache deep in the substance of the brain, with low 
spirits ; vertigo ; want of mental power; restless, dreamful sleep, 
weakness of the spine, with pain in the small of the back; and 
very marked debility of the lower extremities, almost approaching 
to paraplegia."-Dr. R. Hughes. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Local Application.-Inflammation artificially induced in tis- 
sues already the seat of inflammation will lead to a cure of the 
original inflammation, especially if it be located upon the mucous 
tissue of the eyes, nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, urethra, vagina, 102 
ARGENTUM NITRICUM. 
and even the gastro-intestinal tract. In inflammation and ulcer- 
ation of these tissues, the local effect of lunar caustic, in the solid 
or fluid form, is wonderful, to arouse and substitute a healthy for 
an unhealthy action. When applied in the fluid form, the salt 
should be dissolved in nitrous ether in the proportion of from five 
to twenty grains of the caustic to one ounce of the ether. This solu- 
tion acts more energetically than the aqueous solution, and will 
readily vesicate. The surgeon could hardly practice without this 
the most valuable of all caustics. 
Head.-Great melancholia and weakness of memory; can not 
fix the mind upon anything; easily wearied. 
" General appearance imbecile; talk very childish; does not 
work for fear he will do harm, or that he can not stand it."-Hg. 
" Hypochondriasis, always hurried and anxious; constantly 
talking about his sufferings ; thinks he is neglected or despised by 
his family; thinks he has softening of'the brain ; constantly com- 
plains of vertigo; incessant mental anxiety; fears to be alone; 
thinks he will die."-Hg. 
" Patient can not think, talk, or walk; the head gets dizzy; 
time seems to pass too slowly; everything done for him seems to 
be done too slowly."-G. 
"Vertigo with cerebral congestion; can not walk in the dark, 
or with the eyes closed, it makes him so dizzy."-Hg. 
Excessive congestion of blood to the head ; it seems enlarged, 
with dull or throbbing headache (gastric). 
Hemicrania, with pressing, throbbing pains, relieved by binding 
something tightly around the head. 
" Boring in the frontal eminence."-Lembke. 
" Digging, cutting motion through the left hemisphere of the 
brain, from occiput to forehead."-Hah. 
" Itching, creeping, and crawling of the scalp, as of vermin, or 
as if the roots of the hair were pulled; must scratch all the 
time."-Hah. 
Ears.-Otalgia, with tearing pains in the ears. 
" Buzzing in the ears, with general debility; trembling of the 
limbs ; complete deafness in typhus."-Hg. 
Chronic otorrhoea, and eczema of the meatus. (Locally.) 
Eyes.-The local application of Argentum nitricum is of more 
value than its internal administration; but it is of great value 
both ways. In torpid conjunctivitis, granular lids, and purulent 
ophthalmia, an aqueous solution of from five to twenty grains of ARGENTUM NITRICUM. 
103 
the salt to the ounce of water is applied by the use of a camel's- 
hair pencil. 
" The greatest service that Arg. nit. performs is in purulent 
ophthalmia. With large experience in both hospital and private 
practice, we have not lost a single eye from this disease, and every 
one has been treated with internal remedies; most of them with 
Arg. nit. of a high potency, 80th or 200th. We have witnessed 
the most intense chemosis-with strangulated vessels, most pro- 
fuse purulent discharge, even the cornea beginning to get hazy and 
looking as though it would slough-subside rapidly under Arg. 
nit. internally. The subjective symptoms are almost none; their 
very absence, with the profuse purulent discharge and the swol- 
len lids, from a collection of pus in the eye, or swelling of the 
sub-conjunctival tissue of the lids themselves, indicates the drug 
(Apis, Rhus)."-A. and N. 
" Acts especially upon the ciliary muscle of the eye, producing 
intolerance of light, dilated pupil, from want of accommodation." 
-Dr. Woodyatt. 
" Eyes red; shuns light; worse in warm room, better in cool 
air."-Hg. 
Acute and chronic conjunctivitis, in its most aggravated form ; 
lids granulated, with great secretion of mucus. (Internally and 
locally.) 
Ciliary blepharitis from being over a fire; better from cold 
air and cold applications. 
Lids crusty, swollen, very sore and thick; oedema of lids. 
Syphilitic ophthalmia, especially iritis. 
Of great use in ophthalmia neonatorum. Keep the eye clean 
with milk and water; this is imperative. 
Face.-Looks prematurely old; sunken, pale, bluish, leaden 
<3olor, or yellow, dirty looking. 
"Prosopalgia; infra-orbital neuralgia, left side."-Hg. 
Nose.-Acute coryza; discharge like boiled starch. 
Ulceration of the septum, with discharge of pus and blood, 
with loss of smell (syphilitic). (Locally and internally.) 
Mouth.-Toothache, aggravated by cold water; teeth black in 
typhoid fever; gums tender, and bleed easily. 
" Tongue red, painful, papillae erect, prominent; tongue dn, 
hard as a chip, and black like the teeth (typhoid); red streak 
down the middle of the tongue; tongue coated white or yellow - 104 
ARGENTUM NITRICUM. 
white; trembling, dry tongue; tongue furred, with clean edges 
(dyspepsia)."-Hg. 
Aphthae of the tongue and mouth. (Excellent locally.) 
" Chronic angina ; uvula and fauces dark red; thick, tenacious 
mucus in the throat, obliging constant hawking."-Hg. 
" Sensation as if a splinter were lodged in the throat; swal- 
lowing very difficult and painful, as if something were lodged 
there."-Hg. 
Appetite.-Appetite fair, or complete loss of appetite. Great 
desire for sugar or sweet things. 
Most all gastric affections are accompanied by belching. 
Stomach.-Great distention of the stomach, with violent 
belching of gas, from atony of the gastric mucous membrane. 
" The stomach seems as if it would burst with wind, accom- 
panied with great desire to belch, which is accomplished with 
difficulty, when the air rushes out with great violence."-G. 
Belching of wind affords marked.relief. 
" Painful swelling of the pit of the stomach, with great anx- 
iety."-Dr. J. O. Mueller. 
" Pain immediately after eating, and continuing as long as the 
food remains down; vomiting in about one hour; gastric ulcer, 
and dyspepsia; pain after every meal, with much belching and 
great hypochondriasis; the pain often extends to the heart, pro- 
ducing palpitation and intermittent pulse."-Hg. 
Dyspepsia; stomach greatly distended, with violent palpita- 
tion of the heart by spells, and an intermittent pulse. 
"Incessant vomiting of food, with a smooth, dry tongue, 
apparently destitute of papillae; awakens at midnight with op- 
pression at stomach as from a heavy lump, causing vomiting of 
glairy, stringy mucus."-Hg. 
The vomited matter often tinges the clothes black. Gastro- 
dynia, pain radiating in all directions; increases and decreases 
gradually, with excessive flatulence. 
Inflammation and ulceration of the stomach; great pain in 
the epigastrium, extending to heart and liver. 
Liver.-" Great tension, as from a band around the hypo- 
chondria ; region of liver very sensitive to pressure; cutting like 
knives in the liver, with gastralgia."-Hg. 
Abdomen.-Great distention of the abdomen from flatulence,, 
in dyspepsia, with griping in the bowels. ARGENTUM NITRICUM. 
105 
Loud rumbling from flatulence, with sudden stitches. 
Stool.-"After taking fluid, it appears as though it were 
running straight through the intestinal canal without stopping; 
stools of green, fetid mucus, voided with much flatulence."-G. 
Acid stools, from early morn till noon; desire for stool con- 
tinually ; stools bilious and watery; in fleshy people. 
Cholera infantum; stools as soon as he drinks, runs straight 
through. 
" Stools of green, fetid mucus, with noisy flatulence at night; 
green, brown, bloody, sour, slimy; and sour taste."-Hg. 
" Dysenteric stools, consisting of masses of epithelial substance, 
connected by muco-lymph and colored red or green, shreddy, fre- 
quently passed with severe bearing-down in the hypogastrium. On 
rising, sense of weight in the back. Advanced stages of dysen- 
tery, with suspected ulceration of the bowels."-Dr. J. C.Morgan. 
Constipation and diarrhoea, alternate; in dyspepsia. 
Bleeding haemorrhoids, with burning and tenesmus. 
Urinary Organs.-Urine is voided unconsciously, day and 
night, but more at night; highly colored and scanty. 
" Paralytic debility of the lumbar region and kidneys; urine 
passes unconsciously and uninterruptedly."-IIg. 
" Urine burns while passing; the urethra feels swollen, and as 
if the last drop remained behind. "-Tig. 
Bloody urine, from gravel, with nephritic colic. 
Sugar in the urine, with much flatulence and indigestion. 
" Sub-acute nephritis, great haematuria; the hemorrhage re- 
sisted all kinds of treatment. Oxide of silver, three half-grain 
doses, cured."-T. Cole,M.D. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Impotence; organs shriveled, with 
feeble erections, and want of sexual desire. 
Gonorrhoea in second stage, with priapisms; dysuria; bloody 
urine, and muco-purulent discharge. (Injections of from one to 
five grains of the salt to one ounce of water.) In the first stage, 
of twelve hours' duration, injections will frequently abort it; but 
the physician seldom sees the case so early. 
Ulcers and chancres on the prepuce, glans, and in the urethra, 
are frequently greatly benefited by the use of this caustic in the 
solid form; but usually the application of Calomel is far better. 
Orchitis from suppressed gonorrhoea. (Internally; and exter- 
nally the ethereal solution.) 
"Urethra swollen, hard, knotty, and painful."-Tig. 
Chronic gleet; injections will often lead to a cure. 106 
ARGENTUM NITRIC UM. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Much pain of a cutting character 
in the right ovarian region, with metrorrhagia. Menses much too 
early, too profuse, and last too long. 
" Uterine hemorrhage, with much trouble in the head, greatly 
aggravated by motion ; bleeding ulcers of the womb."-G. 
" Coition painful, followed by bleeding from the womb."-Hg. 
" Granulations on the cervix uteri; uterus softened ; pains like 
slivers in and about the womb, excited by motion."-Hg. 
Uterine ulceration ; bleeding from the least touch ; with indi- 
gestion and great despondency. It should be used locally and 
internally. 
In prolapsus uteri, with ulceration of the os and cervix, it 
should be used internally and locally, especially if it be accom- 
panied with profuse, acrid, yellow, or bloody leucorrhoea. 
Pruritus vulvae. In this great affliction, no remedy can take 
the place of Arg. nit., when applied locally in the form of the 
ethereal solution, or the solid porte caustique. 
Chancre of the vulva, vagina, or uterus. (Applied locally.) 
Pregnancy.-" During pregnancy, stomach feels as if it would 
burst with wind; head feels expanded."-Hg. 
" Puerperal convulsions; spasms preceded by a sensation of 
general expansion, mostly of the face and head; after an attack 
she lies quiet; but, before another, she becomes very restless; 
has a presentiment of an approaching attack."-Hg. 
Disposed to abortion, with many gastric symptoms. 
Nipples become cracked and very sore. (Locally.) 
Suckling infants die early with marasmus and diarrhoea. 
Scirrhus mammae; painful to touch, with dyspepsia. 
Larynx.-Chronic laryngitis; voice hoarse, or complete apho- 
nia ; larynx raw and sore ; especially in singers, when raising the 
voice causes coughing. 
" Tickling, itching, and burning in the larynx, with rattling 
of mucus, removed in small lumps by cough."-Hg. 
Ulceration of the larynx affecting the cartilages (syphilitic). 
Respiration.-Excessively offensive breath. 
" Motion, going up stairs, or bodily exertion cause asthmatic 
attacks ; face congested; palpitation ; chronic form ; many peo- 
ple in the room seem to take away his breath."-Hg. 
Flatulent, dry, spasmodic asthma; great constriction and 
spasms of the respiratory muscles ; can not talk ; drinking suffo- 
cates him. In people withered and dried up from disease. ARGENTUM NITR1CUM. 
107 
" Awakes with suffocation; deep inhalation takes away the 
breath."-Hg. 
Cough.-Dry cough, only in the day-time. 
" Sub - acute pleuritis; dry, hard cough; left side very 
sore."-Hg. 
Moist, tough cough; expectoration muco-purulent, and some- 
times mixed with blood ; or pure blood, coughed suddenly. 
" Nightly dry cough; or some mucus streaked with blood; 
aphonia."-Hg. 
" Suffocating cough, at first dry, later loose; belching or 
straining to vomit during the cough; worse from tobacco 
smoke."-Hg. 
"Feels like a bar of iron around her chest; dyspepsia."-Hg. 
Chronic pleurodynia ; sub-acute pleuritis in phthisis. 
Violent pain in left side, from dyspepsia. 
Heart.-Palpitation of the heart; beats from three to seven 
times, then loses one beat; violent palpitation, from mental emo- 
tion or sudden muscular exertion, reflex from the stomach; dys- 
pepsia. 
"Anxiety, with palpitation and throbbing through the whole 
body, especially head and abdomen; when sitting quietly, he 
frequently thinks his heart stops beating; suddenly he will feel 
two strong beats, apparently arising from the stomach and pass- 
ing into the head; hypochondriasis."-Hg. 
The palpitation and irregular action of the heart, with de- 
spondency, is a marked symptom of Argentum nit.; and it is all 
sympathetic from dyspepsia. 
Back.-Much pain in the small of the back; severe when 
rising from a seat; better when walking. 
"Backache, especially at night, with great weakness of legs, in 
prolapsus uteri."-Hg. 
The spine is sensitive to the touch, with nocturnal pains. 
Upper Limbs.-Drawing pains in the shoulders. 
"Pain extending from arms to fingers; hands tremble; nails 
blue, and numbness of the finger-tips."-Hg. 
Pain in the joints aggravated by motion ; arthralgia. 
Lower Limbs.-Great debility, particularly of the lower ex- 
tremities, with much chilliness. 
"Paraplegia from debilitating causes."-Raue. 108 
ARGENTUM NITRICUM. 
"Trembling; paralysis of the extremities; tormented with 
formication of arms and legs; limbs, especially his knees, start 
up at night, waking him."-Hg. 
Staggering gait, with pain in the back; cannot walk with eyes 
closed, or in the dark; locomotor ataxia. 
"Legs feel as if made of wood, or padded, with insensibility to 
touch; diminished warmth; legs and hands tremble."-Hg. 
(Edema of the legs and feet; ascites, from disease of the 
liver. 
Nerves.-Periodical trembling of the body; restlessness; con- 
tinued motion; nerves greatly unstrung; convulsions, preceded 
by great restlessness; epilepsy, from fright, during menstruation; 
at night; pupils always dilated for a day or two before. 
Excessive debility; can hardly walk; apathetic. 
Fever.-Great chilliness (it predominates); slight fever, fol- 
lowed by sweat, especially at night; many gastric symptoms. 
Skin.-Emaciation ; much withered; bone affections ; chronic 
syphilis, with osteocopic pains. 
Syphilitic induration of the cervical glands ; syphilitic papulae. 
"Skin from a blue-gray to a bronze, or real black."-Hg. 
In scarlatina, bluish-black eruption. 
Erysipelatous bed-sores, with bloody incrustations; black on 
sacrum ; excrescences on the skin. 
In abrasions, bed-sores, and ulcers of the skin, the local use 
of Argentum nit. is of great value. Its application forms an albu- 
minate, which coats the surface with a thin layer, and protects 
the tissue beneath from the irritation of the air, thereby causing 
the sore to heal with great rapidity. (Twenty grains to the ounce.) 
Aggravation.-At night, in morning; after eating cold food; 
or cold weather; during rest, and from walking. 
Amelioration.-In open air, craves open air; eructations; 
can not sleep without fresh air. ARNICA MONTANA. 
109 
ARNICA MONTANA. 
Leopard's-bane. 
Habitat: Europe, etc. Tincture of fresh root, Class III. 
Antidotes.-Camphor, Acids, Vinegar, Ipec. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Arnica has six special 
centers of action : 
I. Skin. Vesicular and Erysipelatous Inflammation. 
II. Venous System. Stimulating Absorption. 
III. Muscular System. Paresis and Myalgia. 
IV. Digestive Organs. Gastro-Intestinal Inflammation. 
V. Serous Membranes. Inflammation and Effusion. 
VI. Circulation. Accelerated, with Higher Temperature. 
Skin.-Arnica has a powerful action upon the skin and cel- 
lular tissue, producing vesicular eruption, and red, inflamed 
pustules resembling boils. In susceptible subjects, most violent 
erysipelatous inflammation has been caused by its local appli- 
cation. 
Venous System.-Arnica arrests the secretory power of 
the venous capillaries, and produces a state similar to what we 
find attending violent contusions; but, when given in medicinal 
doses, it acts upon these venous capillaries, stimulating their 
absorbent power. It becomes, thus, the great remedy in all cases 
of concussion, sprain, or other sufferings from mechanical vio- 
lence. It also causes venous hemorrhages from the nose, lungs, 
and haemorrhoidal vessels. 
Digestive Organs.-Arnica in large doses produces heat in 
the fauces, increases the flow of the saliva ; irritates the stomach, 
causing nausea and vomiting; and, on the bowels, choleraic 
diarrhoea, collapse, and death. 
Muscular System.-Arnica has a specific action upon the 
muscles, especially centering upon their fasciae and tendons, pro- 
ducing irritation and myalgia. Its myotic action is the most 
prominent of all its effects. Arnica also acts upon the motor 
nerves, producing paresis of the muscular system to a marked 
degree. 110 
ARNICA MONTANA. 
Serous Membranes.-Arnica acts upon the venous capillaries 
of secretion in the serous membranes, causing stagnation and 
inflammation, which soon passes on to effusion into the cavities; 
hence its usefulness to produce absorption in dropsical effu- 
sions, effusions of serum which occur after falls, blows, and 
extravasations of blood, etc. 
Circulation.-In medicinal doses, Arnica increases the action 
of the heart and arteries, and the frequency of respiration, at the 
same time elevating the temperature of the skin, with increase of 
all the secretions. It also has some haematic action, not yet fully 
understood. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Especially adapted to sanguine, plethoric persons, with lively 
complexions; and to all diseases of a traumatic origin, such as 
bruises, falls, concussions, strains, etc., involving the muscles 
and cellular tissue, with sore and aching. Arnica is to a bruise 
what Aconite is to a chill. 
It acts well upon people that are debilitated, with soft flesh 
and impoverished blood, and burning of the head, with a cold 
body. 
"The true sphere of Arnica is in painful conditions of the cutis 
vera and subcutaneous cellular tissue, whether traumatic or idi- 
opathic ; and its leading characteristic is inflammation of the skin 
and cellular tissue, with extreme tenderness upon pressure."-S. 
E. J. Fraser, M. D. 
"Arnica is more apt than Aconite to spoil a case; it makes a 
much more profound impression upon the system than Aconite. 
Its real, culminating action is similar to typhus fever. Brilliant 
results have frequently been obtained with Arnica in the worst 
forms of typhus. No Arnica should be used except that made 
from the root."-Hg. 
Head.-Comatose, soporous, stupid state; lies as if dead; 
from concussion of the brain or apoplexy. 
"Stupor, with involuntary discharge of faeces. Typhus."-Hg. 
Very forgetful; absent minded; thinks rightly but uses die 
wrong word ; sits as in a waking dream. Typhus. 
"Muttering delirium; says there is nothing the matter with 
him."-Hg. 
"Hypochondriacal, hopelessness ; fears of being struck; has a 
horror of instant death; excitable and timid."-Hg. ARNICA MONTANA. 
111 
"Giddiness, and incapacity for all exertion; vertigo when 
shutting the eyes, or when assuming an erect position."-Hg. 
Stitches in the head, especially temples and forehead. 
"Pressive headache as if the head were being distended from 
within outward; the pain seems to arise from something soft in 
the vertex, with drawing in the vertex and occiput, and tearing 
toward the temples."-Hg. 
"Meningitis after traumatic injuries, such as concussions, 
bruises, falling, concussion of the brain, etc., when suspecting 
exudation of blood, fibrine, or pus. In such cases, we find great 
stupor, and partial paralysis of the tongue, the oculo-motors, the 
iris, or the limbs. Apply externally warm cloths saturated with 
dilute tincture of Arnica. Use also internally."-Hg. 
Meningitis granulosa infantum, with serous exudation; exces- 
sive thirst; no hydrocephalic cry; with profuse urination. 
" Apoplexia sanguinea; loss of consciousness, with involuntary 
evacuations from bowels and bladder; paralysis one sided; pulse 
full, strong; stertor; sighing and muttering."-Hg. 
"The face, or head alone, is hot; body cool."-Raue. 
"Burning or hot spots on top of the head; head feels too 
large."-Hg. 
Eyes.-"Arnica has been employed with marked results in a 
variety of eye troubles resulting from trauma ; sometimes applied 
locally, dilute tincture, and given internally. A few cases of 
sub-conjunctival ecchymosis, resulting from whooping-cough, or 
from injuries, where Arnica acted more promptly than Hamamelis ; 
the relaxed condition of the blood-vessels, and too fluid condition 
of the blood which predisposes to these hemorrhages, is often 
cured by Arnica."-A. and N. 
Retinal hemorrhages; the clots have often been absorbed by 
the use of Arnica; also paralysis of the muscles from trauma. 
"Inflammation of eyes, with suggillations from trauma."-Hg. 
"Dilated pupils, with sensitiveness to the light, double vis- 
Ears.-Mechanical otitis, with suppuration; discharge of pus 
aftd blood. 
t"Hard hearing from concussions, with much buzzing noises; 
sensitive to loud sounds; swelling of the parotid glands."-Hg. 
Face.-"Swelling of the cheek, with throbbing, twitching 
pains, swollen lips, and heat in the head."-Jahr. 
"Face deep red and hot, in typhus, apoplexy, and in menin- 
gitis."- Hg. 112 
ARNICA MONTANA. 
"Eight cheek drawn to one side in apoplexy."-Hg. 
Nose.-"Epistaxis, from trauma; after exertion; from wash- 
ingface; blowing the nose; whooping-cough, and typhus."-Hg. 
Swelling of the nose, with much sneezing (boils). 
Excellent to arrest nosebleed, where there is much tingling. 
Mouth.-Putrid, slimy taste; tongue coated yellow. 
"Dry, almost black tongue, in typhus."-Hg. 
Gums inflamed and very sore ; putrid smell from the mouth. 
"Mouth dry with much thirst."-Hg. 
"Toothache, the roots of the teeth feel as if they had been 
scraped; face and cheek hot and swollen."-Hempel. 
Stomach.-"Putrid eructations as from rotten eggs."-Jahr. 
Total want of appetite, loathing at the sight of food. 
"Feeling of nauseous repletion after eating."-G. 
Sensation of soreness in the stomach, with belchings, tasting 
like rotten eggs. 
"Myalgia of the stomach; the pain comes on immediately 
after, often during, eating; the patient is weak and lax of fiber, 
and often has myalgia elsewhere."-Hughes. 
Vomiting of blood, from mechanical injuries. 
Much distention of the stomach with wind; tastes putrid. 
The liver is sensitive to pressure, with stitches in hypochon- 
drium. 
Abdomen.-Tympanitic distention of abdomen, with grinding 
pains. 
Stool.-"Frequent urging to stool, with severe pressure at the 
anus; offensive flatus smelling like rotten eggs."-Hg. 
Stools of mucus, blood, and pus, where the rectum is involved. 
"Stool and urine involuntary during sleep, in fevers."-Hg. 
"Scanty, slimy, dark-colored, bloody stools, in dysentery; the 
marked indication is the long intervals between stools, viz., from 
four to six hours, with bruised pain in the anus."-77q. 
Prolapsus ani in relaxed and weakened constitutions. 
Urinary Organs.-Brown, high-colored urine, loaded with 
the phosphates ; bloody urine from trauma. 
"Constant urging, while urine passes involuntarily in drops; 
frequent attempts to urinate; tenesmus in dysentery."-Hg. 
Renal Colic; inflammation from passage of calculi, with pierc- 
ing pains in kidneys and along the ureters ; haematuria. ARNICA MONTANA. 
113 
"Involuntary urination at night during sleep, in typhus."-Hg. 
Urine very acid, burns and excoriates. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Inflammation from trauma. 
"Hydrocele caused by a bruise."-Ify. 
Erysipelatous inflammation of scrotum; phymosis, parts 
bruised and much swollen. (Use cerate.) 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too frequent and too pro- 
fuse. Metrorrhagia, after coition or labor; blood red and in 
clots. Pain as if strained in ovarian region; can not walk erect. 
"Metrorrhagia, blood feels hot as it escapes from the vulva; 
hard, forcing-downward pains; face red, hot, while the body is 
cool."-G. 
"Prolapsus uteri from trauma, with a sore, bruised feeling in 
uterine region; can not walk erect."-Hg. 
Pregnancy.-Threatened abortion, or abortion from trauma- 
tism ; parts feel sore and bruised. 
After severe labors, always give Arnica internally, and use it 
locally on the genitalia, to relieve the sore and bruised parts. By 
doing so, you will prevent pyaemia and puerperal fever, and in a 
great measure prevent the after-pains. 
"After-pains violent; return while suckling."-Hg. 
For sore nipples, use the cerate. 
Mastitis from bruises; mammae hard and tender. (Use it 
locally and internally.) 
Respiratory Organs.-"Hoarseness caused by over-exertion 
of the voice in persons who constantly speak or sing."-Dr. Ken- 
drick. 
Dyspnoea; suffocative breathing; from dropsical effusions. 
"Asthma from fatty degeneration of the heart."-Hg. 
Haemoptysis from trauma, with soreness of the chest. 
Hard, dry, racking cough ; tickling in the trachea, causing the 
cough day and night. 
"Whooping-cough ; child cries before the paroxysm as though 
in fear of the soreness it will cause; cough causes bloodshot 
eyes; nosebleed; expectoration of clots of blood."-Hg. 
"Pleurisy, when the exudation consists of coagulable lymph 
or serous exudation."-Hughes. 
"Myalgia of the intercostal muscles after great exertions, with 
a sensation as if all the ribs were bruised; short breath; pain 
in the chest with anxiety."-Raue. 114 
ARNICA MONTANA. 
"Pleurisy from mechanical injuries ; must continually change 
position, bed feels so hard."-Hg. 
Dropsy of the chest from traumatic inflammation. 
Heart.-Palpitation of heart from slight exertion in lax, de- 
bilitated people. 
"Stitches in the cardiac region, with irritable heart."-Hg. 
"Fatty degeneration of heart."-Hg. 
Pericarditis, with effusion, from trauma; patient can not lie 
down; feels faint, with much dyspnoea. 
Back.-Traumatic inflammation of spine; the vertebrae are 
very sensitive to pressure. 
"Violent spinal pain, as from sudden rising after long stoop- 
ing ; cervical muscles so weak can hardly hold the head up."-Jig. 
Nephritis from trauma, with much pain in lumbar region. 
Extremities.-Arms feel weary, as if bruised, and the joints 
as if they were sprained. 
"Can not lift right arm, in apoplexy."-Hg. 
"Boring, tearing pains, shifting from the right hip-joint to 
various parts; worse at night, can not find an easy position, bed 
seems so hard."-Hg. 
"Arthritic pains in foot, worse toward evening; fears passers- 
by may strike it; big-toe joint red, feels sprained ; much pain in 
the tarsal joints."-Hg. 
Hygroma patellae, from traumatism. 
"Carbuncle on the thigh ; feels as if bruised."-Hg. 
"Paralytic pain in all joints ; limbs ache as if beaten."-Hg. 
Corns. Pare them, and apply Arnica externally. 
Great sinking of the strength ; in fevers. 
Skin.-Great tendency to small boils, and ecchymosis on 
various pads of the body. Arnica applied locally will often ar- 
rest a boil. 
"Hot, hard, shining swelling, from stings of insects."-Hg. 
Erysipelatous inflammation, with vesicular eruption. 
Bed-sores ; skin oedematous ; petechias ; ecchymosis, with sore, 
bruised feeling (locally and internally); inflammation of the 
skin and cellular tissue; very tender on pressure, and the bed 
seems too hard, has to change position often. 
In skin diseases, and all febrile diseases, the great character- 
istic indication for Arnica is, the bed or couch on which he lies 
feels too hard; complains constantly of it, and keeps changing 
'I'om place to place, he feels so tired, sore, and bruised. ARNICA MONTANA. 
115 
Fever.-Haematic fevers, attended with the greatest indiffer- 
ence ; putrid breath and much prostration. 
In intermittents, the chills, heat, and sweat are all well 
marked, the sweat smelling very sour. The head feels hot when 
the body is cold, with great thirst during the chill and heat. 
Traumatic fevers, with suggillations on the body. 
"Heat in oft-repeated short attacks."-Hg. 
Septicaemia, with low typhoid symptoms. 
Erysipelatous inflammation, from trauma, nervous form. 
"In fevers from over-exertion and traumatic causes, or of low 
type, with apathetic condition, as typhoid and hectic."-Jessen. 
"Arnica will check the hemorrhages of mechanical violence; 
quiet the nervous startings of a fractured limb; obviate the danger 
of reaction in concussion of the brain and sudden apoplectic 
extravasation. It seems, moreover, to cover the whole remote 
effects of an injury. Give it to one whose frame can not forget 
the shock of a far-back railway accident, and you and he will be 
alike delighted with the effect."-R. Hughes, M. D. 
Aggravation.-From exertion; at night; cold, damp weather; 
at rest, from wine, and a long sleep. 
Amelioration.-From contact and motion; during the day, 
and in the open air. 116 
ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
Arsenious Acid. 
Chemical preparation. Trituration and Aqueous solution. 
Antidotes.-Milk, Albumen, Emetics, Dialyzed iron, Ant., lod., Nux vom., Cupr., Chin. 
No known remedy so quickly strikes down and annihilates the life 
of the ganglionic nervous system as does Arsenicum. Through this 
system, every organ and tissue in the body is more or less aflected; but 
the most of its action is spent upon the ten following tissues: 
I. Mucous Membranes. Destructive Inflammation. 
II. Serous M. (Edematous Inflam.; Copious Drop. Effusions. 
III. Kidneys. Fatty Degeneration; Albuminuria. 
IV. Skin. Eczema; Gangrene; General Anasarca. 
V. Blood. Disintegration; Hemorrhages; Serous Effusions. 
VI. Heart. Fatty Degeneration; Motor Paralysis. 
VII. Circulation. Vaso-Motor Paralysis; Asthenia. 
VIII. Liver. Fatty Degeneration; Disorganization. 
IX. Lungs. Asthma; Congestion; Malignant Catarrh. 
X. Cerebro-Spinal S. Motor and Sensory Paralysis; Neuralgia. 
Mucous Membranes.-Arsenic produces destructive inflam- 
mation in every part of the body where mucous membrane is 
found; but, through the solar plexus, it especially centers upon the 
gastro-intestinal mucous membrane, affecting particularly the 
mouth, throat, stomach, duodenum, and rectum, producing con- 
gestion and destructive inflammation, with a thin, ichorous dis- 
charge, tending to malignant ulceration, and accompanied with a 
low fever of a typhoid form. We have aphthae of the mouth, 
ulceration of the stomach, and sometimes gangrene of the rec- 
tum and anus; nausea and obstinate vomiting, with a slimy, 
bloody or watery diarrhoea, and complete prostration of all the 
vital forces. 
"The gastro-intestinal inflammation is greater in degree and 
more speedy in taking place when Arsenic is applied to a wound, 
than when taken into the stomach. The inflamed parts are, in 
general, universally red; at other times they are red only in 
spots. The principal vessels leading to the stomach and intes- ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
117 
tines are much dilated, and turgid with blood; but the inflam- 
mation is usually confined to the mucous membrane of these 
viscera, which assumes a florid red color, becomes soft and pulpy, 
and is separable without much difficulty from the cellular coat, 
which presents its natural appearance. In some instances, there 
are small spots of extravasated blood on the inner surface of the 
mucous membrane, or immediately beneath it (this occurs in- 
dependently of vomiting), and a thick, yellowish, and tenacious 
exudation, formed entirely of white corpuscles, and constituting 
a false membrane, under which the mucous membrane is found 
dotted with ecchymosis, and for the most part destitute of epi- 
thelium. Such ecchymosis is also found uniformly under the 
endocardium of the left ventricle, and frequently under the other 
serous membranes. A very important conclusion is that the 
intestinal lesions do not result from an elimination of Arsenic by 
the intestinal mucous membranes; for careful chemical investi- 
gation discloses only a trace of Arsenic in the contents of the 
bowel. The vascularity of the gastro-intestinal mucous mem- 
brane, and its hyper-secretion, are attributed to the action of the 
poison upon the blood-vessels themselves."-Prof. Boehm. 
To get a full understanding of Arsenic, we will have to study 
its toxic effects; and here we will learn that it is a double-acting 
remedy; that is, it reaches over and acts profoundly upon the 
cerebro-spinal system, as well as the ganglionic. First, we will 
consider- 
Arsenical vapors from fumes of tapers and candles and from 
burning Arsenic upon coals, the dust from sweeping, and the va- 
pors from walls hung with bright green paper. The body of the 
paper and the paste which attaches it to the wall are composed of 
materials very susceptible of putrescent fermentation, and the 
Arsenic becomes volatile in the form of Arseniureted hydrogen. 
The following is a catalogue of symptoms caused by this form of 
poisoning: 
"First, irritation of the mucous membrane, causing vomiting, 
diarrhoea, and permanent indigestion, severe coryza, ulcerated 
throat, bronchitis, spasmodic cough and asthma, a scalded con- 
dition of the lips, tongue, and cheeks, with inflammation of the 
conjunctiva and eyelids; severe bilious and feverish attacks; 
palpitation of the heart; pains in the spine and limbs, the joints 
swollen and stiff; the skin rough and scaly. Excessive irritability, 
depression and prostration; also giddiness, headache, acute ear- 
ache, and neuralgia; bleeding at the nose; frightful screams, 
hysterical attacks, loss of memory, cramps, numbness, spasms, 118 
ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
and convulsions. Many wall-papers besides the green, contain 
Arsenic, especially some blue colors produced by 'Arsenical 
cobalt.' Mauve and even red paper contains Arsenic. Miners 
and other workmen in Arsenic suffer from the poisonous exhala- 
tions. The diseases engendered are chronic, often fatal. -Stille. 
Internally.-"In small doses of from 1-15 to 1-20 of a grain, 
Arsenic excites a sense of warmth in the stomach and bowels, 
increases the appetite, and, in some degree, the faecal and urinary 
discharges. According to Vogt, this stimulant eff ect is shared by 
all parts of the system. The skin is warmer, the pulse fuller and 
more frequent, the muscular system more active, and the whole 
organism invigorated, freer and lighter in its movements, and 
even the mind improves in activity and power. In doses such as 
occasion no sensible phenomena, or only after the lapse of many 
days, Arsenic seldom produces chronic poisoning; on the con- 
trary, digestion appears to be permanently fortified, as w'hen 
true tonic medicines, and especially Cinchona, are administered. " 
"Among recent authorities, Waher attributes to Arsenic nearly 
all of the virtues ascribed to it by Vogt. It is well known, says 
this author, that old and worn-out horses recover their appetite, 
activity, and strength, under the operation of small doses of' 
Arsenic; and in Vienna, the grooms are accustomed to mix a 
small quantity of Arsenic with the feed given to horses, and to 
attach a portion to the animal's bit, for the purpose of producing 
a bright aspect of the skin, roundness and elegance of the form, 
and foam at the mouth. The medicine is said to put them in a 
singularly good condition to perform long journeys, particularly in 
a hilly country; but, when the use of it is left off, the horse gets 
thin, loses his freshness, and becomes dull. 
"In Lower Austria and Styria, there exists among the peas- 
antry, the singular habit of eating Arsenic. These poison-eaters 
have a double aim ; first, they w ish to give themselves, by this dan- 
gerous habit, a fresh and healthy appearance, and a certain degree 
of embonpoint. Many of the peasant girls, and even the men, have 
recourse to this expedient from coquetry and a desire to please ; 
and it is remarkable what success they attain; for the young 
toxiphagi are distinguished by the freshness of their complexion, 
and by a look of ruddy health. But many of these young people 
die from the effects of Arsenic-eating. When the practice is 
stopped, emaciation ensues. They fall into the habit at the early 
age of fifteen, and continue it until seventy or seventy-six. The 
majority of Arsenic-eaters are males. They are generally strong, ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
healthy persons, courageous, pugnacious, and of strong sexual 
disposition."-Stille. 
Acute Arsenical Poisoning.-"Immediately after the poison 
is swallowed, a metallic taste is perceived, with constriction of 
the fauces. A violent burning pain, which soon becomes excru- 
ciating, is felt in the stomach, and gradually extends itself over 
the whole abdomen, steadily increasing in severity until it be- 
comes intolerable. Retching and vomiting, and cramps of the 
bowels, ensue, with spasms of the oesophagus and chest, which 
resemble those of hydrophobia. The thirst is insatiable, but even 
the mildest drinks cannot be retained; the tongue is generally 
fissured, hard and dry, although occasionally there is profuse sali- 
vation, and the voice is hoarse. There is also tenesmus, with 
bloody and offensive stool, and retraction of the abdomen. The 
irritation is propagated to the urinary organs, occasioning, in the 
male, tumefaction of the penis, and in both sexes strangury. 
Sometimes the urine is completely suppressed, and sometimes it 
is mixed with blood. Prof. Christison says that in the female there 
is burning pain in the vagina, and excoriation of the labia, 'but 
this does not happen unless life is prolonged beyond three days.' 
Bachman had previously noticed the pain alluded to, and also pro- 
fuse menorrhagia, among the symptoms in females. The muscles 
are spasmodically affected; the skin presents a livid eruption 
of the species already mentioned. The sense of anguish is un- 
utterable, and sometimes there is delirium. The breathing is 
oppressed. The pulse is irregular and intermittent, and is some- 
times rapid; the action of the heart is tumultuous. A consuming 
fire appears to prey upon the vitals, while the skin is everywhere 
pale, cold, shivering, and clammy. The features are sunken and 
sharp ; if vomiting occurs, it is convulsive and affords no relief. 
Exhaustion of mind and body, prostration and despair, with anx- 
ious restlessness, generally attend this stage of the attack. On 
the approach of death, spasm yields to general resolution, the 
pulse grows slow and feeble, and the urine and feces are voided 
involuntarily; but sensibility and consciousness are lost only in 
the last moments of life. 
"The duration of the symptoms is variable, and may be stated, 
in general, at from six to twelve hours ; but occasionally they last 
for several days. Sometimes, also, though rarely, a fatal termi- 
nation takes place almost immediately after the poison is swal- 
lowed, and without other symptoms than slight fainting fits. Dr. 
Christison has collected fourteen or fifteen cases of acute Arsen- 
ical poisoning, in which the signs of inflammation, after death, 
119 120 
ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
were slight, or altogether wanting, and the fatal issue occurred in 
five or six hours, with symptoms denoting a powerful debilitating 
influence on the circulation, or on the nervous system.' 
"Even when recovery follows the complete development of 
acute Arsenical poisoning, it is seldom perfect. For months or 
even years, the joints of the limbs remain swollen and stiff, so as 
to render walking difficult and painful; the digestive organs for a 
long time continue irritable and feeble, and all of the functions of 
the nervous system are impaired. In some cases, there is more 
or less paralysis of the upper or lower extremities, and in others 
gangrenous ulcers attack the legs. Arsenical paralysis most fre- 
quently affects the lower limbs first, extending gradually to the 
arms ; but it is more permanent in the legs, continuing for months 
or even years. It is accompanied with cramps, spasmodic move- 
ments, numbness, and formication. The cutaneous sensibility is 
impaired, and the patient generally complains of coldness in the 
parts affected."-Stille. 
Serous Membranes.-Sub-acute inflammation, followed by 
copious serous effusion, affecting most frequently the pleura, 
pericardium, and next, the peritoneum and arachnoid. To this 
may be added its action upon the cellular tissue, producing cedem- 
atous swelling, and great anasarca of the whole body. 
Kidneys.-The kidneys are powerfully influenced by Arsenic. 
Their secretion is diminished, and sometimes entirely suppressed ; 
tested by heat, it is found loaded with albumen. The microscope 
shows renal epithelium, fibrine-casts, fat, and blood-corpuscles; 
and the kidney has all the evidences of fatty degeneration. The 
albuminuria is explained by the fatty degeneration of both the 
kidneys and liver. 
Skin.-It especially acts upon the epidermis, leaving the 
dermis unaffected. Miss Dr. A. Nunn, of Boston, has given us the 
microscopical action of Arsenic upon the epidermis. It is practical 
and to the point. She says: "An examination of a series of 
sections taken from different parts of the body of the frog at dif- 
ferent intervals after the hypodermic introduction of the poison, 
shows that the general effect of Arsenious acid on the epidermis 
is to cause a degeneration and partial solution of the protoplasm 
of the cells, whereby, (1) the whole epiderm becomes loosened from 
the subjacent derm; (2) the cells of the Malpighian layer become 
incoherent, so that the whole layer collapses, and its well-known 
architectural features become obscured; and (3) the intermediate ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
121 
layer separates from the Malpighian layer below, and at times 
from the corneous layer above. In no case have I ever seen the 
Malpighian layer actually cast off during the frog's life; it re- 
mains attached loosely to the derm. 
"Arsenic first attacks the lower, or inmost, portion of the 
epiderm, and then advances from the derm outward. The cells 
of the Malpighian layer next to the derm (the columnar layer) are 
composed of more active and irritable protoplasm than those of 
the rest of the derm, the irritability diminishing from within out- 
ward in proportion as the metamorphosis of the protoplasm into 
keratin becomes more and more pronounced. All the facts go to 
prove that the changes are the result of the Arsenic acting directly 
on the epidermic cells themselves; in fact, a lethal stimulation, by 
which the destructive stages of the metabolism of the cells are 
hurried on beyond the reparative power of the constructive 
stages." 
Miss Dr. Nunn found that Arsenic affects the cornea similarly 
to the skin, but in a manner not so strongly marked. 
Clinical practice has confirmed these observations. Arsenic 
possesses little or no influence upon diseases seated in the deeper 
structures of the skin; but, where the superficial parts are in- 
volved, the action of this remedy is all that could be desired. 
The skin becomes dry, dirty looking, brawny; eczema, urtica- 
ria ; skin covered with vesicles ; desquamation, with tenderness of 
the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It has also pro- 
duced pityriasis, lichen, and leprosy. In fact, Arsenic produces 
about every form of skin disease. 
Hair.-Arsenic has caused the hair to fall out over the whole 
scalp. In a case of poisoning, two weeks after the patient had 
apparently recovered, "the face, head, hands, and feet were swol- 
len, and the whole surface of the body was of a bright red color. 
The skin partially desquamated and was tender to the touch; 
this was followed by an attack of psoriasis which extended over 
the whole body. The hair of the head, the eyebrows and eye- 
lashes fell off, as did also the nails." 
Blood.-The changes produced in the blood are most marked 
and profound. "The microscopical and chemical peculiarities of 
this fluid under the action of Arsenic are of great importance in 
relation to the changes which the solids undergo; to the hem- 
orrhages from the nose, the digestive canal, the urinary passages ; 
to the ecchymosis found in the lungs, pleurae, pericardium, and 
heart; and to the occurrence of dropsy. The serous effusions 122 
ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
and chronic anaemia as the consequence of prolonged exposure to 
Arsenical influences, furnish ground for believing that Arsenic, 
like Mercury, tends to disintegrate the blood-corpuscles, to 
diminish the proportion of fibrin, and possibly, also, to attack 
still more directly the vital principle upon which the normal 
qualities of the blood depend. 
"In medicinal doses, it radically modifies the function of nu- 
trition, and hence is fully entitled to be ranked as an alterative. 
It is held by some authorities to directly restrict oxidation of the 
tissues, particularly of the fat. According to Schmitt, it retards 
the waste of the red blood-corpuscles, and diminishes the exhala- 
tion of carbonic acid and the excretion of urea. Stuerzwage 
estimated that the rate of loss by tissue-decomposition was 
diminished from twenty to forty per cent under the operation of 
Arsenic."-Stille. 
Drs. Cutter and Bradford say: "Arsenic given in health 
causes a progressive decrease of the number of the red, and 
especially of the white, corpuscles. In simple anaemia, on the 
contrary, there seems to be an increase at first of both red and 
white corpuscles. After a certain point, there is a steady diminu- 
tion of both." 
Heart.-Arsenic has a special and profound action upon the 
heart, producing various lesions, such as endocarditis, hypertro- 
phy, fatty granulation and degeneration, with pain, dyspnoea, and 
palpitation of the heart; cardiac dropsy. In moderate doses, it 
first strengthens the pulse, but soon renders it slow and weak, 
and at last arrests the heart's action; and then galvanic stimu- 
lation excites it only to imperfect contraction. This protoplasmic 
poison stops the function of the heart, by affecting all its struct- 
ures, its nerves, its ganglia, and its muscles. Add to this its 
action upon the vaso-motor nerves, producing vaso-motor pa- 
ralysis with a general state of asthenia, and we see at once, why 
the arterial tension is so lowered and prostrated. 
Temperature.-Toxic doses first elevate the temperature, and 
then depress it. Medicinal doses reduce the temperature. 
Liver.-Post-mortem examinations have revealed the fact that 
the liver contains more of the Arsenic in poisoning than any 
other organ; and it has produced fatty degeneration, jaundice, 
and all the lesions tending to disorganization of this organ. 
In induration, atrophy, cirrhosis, softening, fatty degeneration, 
and malignant jaundice, Arsenic has been of untold value. ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
123 
Lungs.-Through its action upon the pneumogastric nerve, 
this remedy has a specific action upon the lungs, producing con- 
gestion of all the air-passages, the lungs being gorged with blood. 
Accompanying this congestion, we have spasms of the muscles of 
the lungs, with violent dyspnoea, and the worst forms of asthma. 
Arsenic especially acts on the mucous membranes of the air- 
passages, producing tracheo-bronchial catarrh. The most useful 
sphere of this remedy in lung diseases, will be found in neuro- 
bronchitic asthma. Here it has won many a laurel for Homoe- 
opathy. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-The neurotic action of Arsenic, 
reaching over and acting so specifically and profoundly as to dis- 
organize and destroy the life of the cerebro-spinal, especially the 
spinal system, is most remarkable. It is one of the few remedies 
that act upon all the tissues of the body. It is a protoplasmic 
poison, destroying the functional activity, first of the central 
nervous system, second of the nerves, and, third and last, of the 
muscles. It seems to act at first, the most powerfully upon the 
posterior portion of the cord, as shown by the paralysis of sensa- 
tion and reflex action, and second of voluntary power. Autopsies 
show that the spinal marrow is always affected, especially the 
lower part of it, and through this all the nerves of the extremities. 
Arsenical paralysis "is nearly always paraplegic; though a case 
of Arsenical hemiplegia is recorded, in which the laryngoscope de- 
tected paralysis of the vocal cord on the affected side. The arms 
are affected nearly as often as the legs. Cramps and contrac- 
tions in the paralyzed limbs are common; but the most invariable 
concomitant is neuralgia. This generally coexists with loss of 
sensibility to everything but cold, by which the neuralgia is 
brought on or aggravated. (This shows that its greatest action is 
upon the sensory portion of the spine.) The paralysis is most 
complete in the hands and feet, and spreads, if it do so, periphero- 
centrally. There is a sense of great restlessness in the limbs 
when the pains are present. The seat of the mischief seems to 
be the spinal cord. In a case observed by Huss, the spine was 
found tender on pressure; and Wibmer says that in autopsies the 
cord is always seen to be affected, especially with congestion of 
the lumbar portion and cauda equina.''-Stille. 
Hughes says : "Before leaving the mental and moral symp- 
toms, they are so constant that I can not but refer them to a 
direct action upon the ideational and emotional centers. As in 
the motor and sensory sphere, we have the mingling of depres- 124 
ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
sion and irritation ; as there the paralysis is accompanied with 
cramps, and the anaesthesia with neuralgia; so here, there is 
melancholy, but also restless irritability, anxiety, and anguish. 
In some forms of melancholia and hypochondriasis, we may take 
advantage of this action." 
Frogs, after poisonous doses, become apparently paralyzed. 
"For instance, they remain motionless, but, when placed on their 
backs, struggle violently to regain their habitual position, show- 
ing that there is no paralysis of the voluntary muscles or motor 
nerves. At the same time, they lose all sensation; for they may 
be pinched, cut, or burned, without exhibiting signs of pain. 
This loss of sensation is proved to be due to the action of the 
drug on the spinal cord, and not on the sensory nerves. The ap- 
parent paralysis is supposed to be due to this loss of sensation." 
-Wood. 
Its action upon the cerebro-spinal center is prominently shown 
by its action upon the fifth pair of nerves, especially the branch 
distributed to the pituitary mucous membrane, lining the nasal 
fossae, and by the repeated fits of sneezing, accompanied by profuse, 
clear, thin nasal discharges, and severe frontal headache. In 
some cases the throat and branches of the fifth pair of nerves be- 
come involved, and subsequently the vagus, or vice versa. Begin- 
ing at the vagus, it may involve the fifth pair, completely resem- 
bling the so-called hay fever, and ending in bronchial asthma. 
(See "Pneumogastric Nerve.") 
The action of Arsenic upon the base of the brain, is specific, 
and upon the cerebrum sympathetic. 
Therapeutic Individuality 
Adapted to lymphatic nervous temperaments, who are exces- 
sively sad and irritable ; dropsical and choleraic diseases ; mala- 
rial fevers, especially if abused by Quinine. 
Rapid and great prostration, with sinking of the vital forces ; 
much emaciation; skin shriveled, and the physical exhaustion 
overrules everything. 
Burning pains; the parts burn like fire, with great anguish, 
and fear of death; desponds of being cured, with great restless- 
ness and exhaustion. 
"For insanity, Arsenicum is the champion remedy; patients 
much emaciated, wretched appetites; dry, red tongue; shriveled, 
haggard, anxious in appearance; great bodily suffering. The 
mental unrest seems due to physical exhaustion, and the desire to 
commit suicide is to put an end to their sufferings."-Dr. Talcott. ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
"Patient dull, lethargic ; pupils dilated to their widest extent; 
sensibility seems lost; pulse full, slightly intermittent, but ex- 
cessively slow."-Dr. S. II. Talcott. 
Arsenic symptoms are always accompanied by great anxiety; 
restless and frantic desperation; or the patients are so weak that 
they move only their hands and feet, and not the trunk. 
The longer the disease has lasted, and the more deeply the 
organs and tissues have become affected, the more surely will 
Arsenic be indicated. 
Diseases resulting from a disordered and defective nutrition, 
with pale, waxy skin. 
Its action is twofold, neurotic and haematic. Its affinity for the 
tissues composing the large nerve centers affords an adequate 
explanation of the various neurotic symptoms produced by it, and 
accounts for its beneficial effects in neurotic skin affections. 
Mind.-Excessive anxiety, restlessness, and great fear of 
death. 
"Attacks of anxiety at night so severe that he jumps out of 
bed."-Hg. 
"Melancholy; after financial losses; cannot be consoled; 
thinks he will have to die, with his family, from starvation; sleep- 
less nights ; walks about, wringing his hands, with moaning."-Hg. 
"Great fear, restlessness, trembling, cold sweats, prostra- 
tion."-Hg. 
Great anguish, tossing about, and fainting from the pain; 
restlessness; can not rest anywhere; goes from one bed to 
another. 
Suicidal mania; believes his case to be incurable. 
Picking of the bedclothes; hasty in all his motions; grasps 
anything he wants eagerly, with excessive prostration. 
Irritable, discouraged, restless; vexed about trifles; gastric 
affections, vertigo, confusion, and heaviness of the head. 
Head.-Periodical headache; constant severe headache, with 
vomiting when raising up the head; softening of the brain, with 
severe vertigo and anguish. 
Sub-acute and chronic hydrocephalus; great emaciation; 
restlessness ; dyspeptic symptoms ; vomiting when raising head ; 
spasms of one arm and one leg. Use the 200th or 1000th. 
Constant severe frontal headache, with vomiting when raising 
head. 
"Hemicrania; feels like a hotwire thrust through ramifica- 
tions of fifth pair of nerves; must move head and feet; alternating 
125 126 
ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
with colic or liver complaint."-Hg. [Especially on the left side.] 
"Great heaviness in the head, with humming in the ears; it 
goes off in the open air, but returns again as soon as he enters the 
room."-Hah. 
Megrim, with deep-seated biliary derangements; vertigo, nau- 
sea, retching, and vomiting of bile. Especially if malarial. 
"Neuralgia in brain, as if it were being torn to pieces."-Hg. 
"Sensation of wabbling or swashing in the brain."-Hg. 
"Tensive, pressive pain spreading from forehead and temples 
to occiput and nape of neck; comes in violent attacks, as if the 
head would burst; vomits bile; stomach very irritable."-Hg. 
Dry, scaly eruptions upon the scalp; chronic eruptions, with 
pustules and vesicles filled with pus; burning eczema. 
"Hot head, sensitive hair, can not bear it touched, it is so 
painful."-Hg. 
Excessive sensitiveness of head to open air, must wrap the 
head warmly; hair falls out in patches, hair-roots destroyed. 
(Edema of head, face, eyes, neck, and chest; anasarca. 
Malignant erysipelatous inflammation; burns like fire. 
Eyes.-Magnificent where the eyelids are oedematous, in- 
flamed, with burning, sticking pain; lids close spasmodically; 
photophobia excessive; tears gush from the eyes so acrid that they 
burn like fire; pains paroxysmal, with emaciation and great nerv- 
ous excitability ; relieved by warm applications. 
"In scrofulous ophthalmia, especially ulcers of the cornea; 
soreness of the internal lids; the ulceration of the cornea recur- 
ring first in one eye, then in the other; opening the eyes causes 
intense burning, sticking pain, especially at night; the photophobia 
is so great that he lies in bed with the face buried in the pillows; 
hot, acrid tears gush from the eyes, causing eczema of the cheeks; 
pains paroxysmal."-A. and N. 
Iritis rheumatica, characterized by burning pains in the eyes, 
worse at night; restlessness and much thirst; vascular elevations 
on the cornea, with burning pains at night. 
"Iris discolored, reacting sluggishly; sight cloudy; sees as if 
through a white gauze; everything appears green; retinitis albu- 
minuric a. "-Hg. 
"Conjunctiva looks like a raw piece of beef; granulated 
lids."-Hg. 
"Edges of lids painful during motion, from dryness of the 
lids."-Hg. ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
Eyelids swollen, cedematous, non-inflammatory, and painless ; 
seem distended with air. Bright's disease. 
Eyes sunken in their sockets; fixed, dull, with blue rings 
around them; in cholera, low fevers, and gastric affections. 
All affections of the eyes with intense burning pains. 
Ears.-Roaring in the ears from paroxysmal pains; ringing 
in the ears; hardness of hearing, in typhoid fever. 
Inflammation, and purulent otorrhcea; ichorous, fetid dis- 
charges, especially in scarlatina, with malignant swelling of the 
parotids. 
Unusual sensitiveness to sound. 
Nose.-Copious watery, acrid discharges that bum much. 
"Distressing stoppage at the bridge of the nose; stuffed cold, 
the nose seems stopped up, and still it runs; fluent coryza, with 
frequent sneezing; hoarseness; sleeplessness; and swollen 
nose."-Hg. 
Excoriating discharges from the nose, especially in scarlatina. 
Influenza, with profuse burning, corroding discharges, accom- 
panied with extreme lassitude, and aching of the muscles. 
Face.-Cadaverous face, nose pointed, eyes sunken, or white 
and waxy, with great debility. In bowel diseases. 
Face very pale, sunken and distorted, in cholera; Hippo- 
cratic face expressing great anguish. 
Neuralgia of the face ; pains burning, and greatly aggravated 
at night; intermittent; worse during rest, relieved by exercise. 
Lips cyanotic; lips dry, or covered with a black slime. 
Lips dry and cracked, in asthenic fevers. 
Cancerous ulcers of the lips have been cured by Arsenicum. 
Mouth.-Sour, bitter, putrid, metallic, or sweet taste. 
Great thirst for cold water, drinks very often, taking but little 
at a time; keeps constantly licking the dry, cracked lips, with 
burning fever and much prostration. 
Tongue, dry, brown or black, with a low typhoid condition. 
"Dry tongue, very red, with prominent papillae."-Hg. 
"Tongue like a piece of red leather, so thick that it is bent 
when protruded; edge of the tongue red and takes imprint of 
teeth, with great thirst."-Hg. 
Tongue yellowish-white, brown, or black; trembling when be- 
ing protruded, in low nervous fevers. 
"Gangrene of tongue; spots on tongue burn like fire."-Hg. 
127 ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
128 
- Tongue smooth as if varnished; scarlatina; typhus and 
gastritis. * 
Gangrenous aphthee, which burn like fire; malignant ulcera- 
tion of the mouth, with irregular, jagged edges. 
Swollen, bleeding gums, with jerking toothache, relieved by 
heat. 
"Great dryness of the mouth; excessive thirst, drinks but little 
at a time, but very often; the tongue is dry as if burnt, deprived 
of sensibility, with stitching and burning pain."-D. 
Fauces.-The tonsils inflamed, swollen, and burn like fire. 
"Burning when swallowing; food goes down to region of the 
larynx, when it is ejected; malignant sore throat; fauces and 
tongue very much swollen; fetid breath. "-Hg. 
Diphtheria, adynamic form; great fever; restlessness; pros- 
tration ; burning thirst; breath excessively fetid; even gan- 
grenous ; somnolence ; muttering delirium ; false membrane has 
a dry, wrinkled look; throat feels dry and as if scraped. 
Appetite.-Loss of appetite, with great desire for acids. 
Appetite variable, with unquenchable thirst; wants very cold 
water, but the stomach can not tolerate it. 
"Pain in stomach or abdomen while eating or immediately 
after; can take no more food at the time ; nausea, gagging, vom- 
iting, mostly two hours after the meal, even the lightest kind of 
food; eating the least increases the chill."-Hg. 
Stomach.-"The stomach does not seem to assimilate cold 
water; it is wanted, but can not drink it."- Raue. 
Violent burning pains in the stomach; it feels on fire. 
Feeling as if there was a stone or weight in the stomach. 
"The nausea which Arsenic produces is conjoined with a sen- 
sation of the greatest weakness, with anxiety; it recurs periodi- 
cally, and is often conjoined with symptoms that seem to have no 
pathological connection with it; it is worse during repose, and is 
aggravated by motion."-7). 
Nausea and vomiting after eating ice-cream, or drinking ice- 
water ; the stomach feels full and greatly distended. 
Excessive retching and nightly vomiting; anguish and rest- 
lessness. 
The stomach feels greatly distended, with nausea and vom- 
iting. 
"Violent vomiting of ingesta, serous liquids, with flakes; ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
129 
watery diarrhoea; cramps of the abdominal muscles and extremi- 
ties."-Raue. 
"The vomiting requires great effort; is scanty in quantity, as 
are all the excretions of Arsenic; followed by extreme prostra- 
tion ; the matters vomited may be first water, then thick, glairy, 
or grass-green mucus, and then blood."-I). 
"Arsenic provokes in the stomach rather an irregular convul- 
sive action than an ordinary peristaltic or anti-peristaltic motion ; 
rather anxious, fruitless retching than a copious vomiting. The 
burning pains are the most constant; with them come violent 
thirst, lamentation, anguish; continuous or periodic. If the lat- 
ter, they occur most frequently at 2 a. m., or after eating."- 
Hah. 
"Vomiting immediately after eating or drinking; vomiting of 
all he takes (cancer); sour, acrid vomiting (gastralgia); vomiting 
of mucus and bile (colic); vomiting of blood (luematemesis); 
black vomit (yellow fever); slimy, watery vomiting (gastritis); 
violent vomiting and cramps (cholera); nausea, vomiting, and 
fetid stools (dysentery), with sudden and great prostration."-Hg. 
Frequent and violent vomiting, with apprehension of death. 
Epigastrium hard, distended; bloating of the stomach, violent 
contraction, with intense heat, burns like fire in the stomach, 
with great thirst; drinks little and often. . 
Acute gastritis, painful vomiting of grass-green solids or fluids, 
with a feeling of fire in the stomach; sub-acute gastritis; food 
produces great distress and vomiting. 
Hfematemesis ; stools black; burning in the stomach. 
Induration in the stomach ; scirrhus, with burning pain. 
Obstinate and long-continued vomiting in diseases of the 
brain, especially acute and sub-acute hydrocephalus. 
Hypochondria.-Induration and hypertrophy; liver can be 
felt, and is painful on pressure; from malarial intermittents. 
"Painful bloatedness in right hypochondrium, with burning 
pain; jaundice after intermittent fevers, especially after abuse of 
Quinine or Mercury, with burning, stitching pains."-Hg. 
Both hypochondria sensitive to the touch, with induration and 
enlargement of the spleen, after intermittent fever; enlargement 
of the spleen, with general dropsy from malaria. 
Abdomen.-Burning distress in the abdomen, like coals of 
fire, with great restlessness, tossing and turning; peritonitis. 
"Deep, heavy, burning pain in abdomen, as if the intestines 130 
ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
were tied up ; violent pains in abdomen, with great anguish, has 
no rest anywhere, rolls about on floor, and despairs of life."-Hg. 
"Terrible cutting belly-ache, with frequent thin evacuations, 
fainting and cold sweat; abdomen greatly distended and painful; 
gastritis mucosa; meteorism of abdomen without pain; great 
tympanitis; typhus; dysentery, etc."-Hg. 
"Ascites; from heart, hepatic, or spleen diseases, also post- 
scarlatinal ; from morbus Brightii; faint from the least motion; 
suffocative spells at night; anguish, thirst."-Hg. 
For post-scarlatinal dropsy, no remedy excels Arsenicum; 
the abdomen is much distended, sore and painful; urine highly 
albuminous, and general anasarca of the whole body. 
Inguinal glands enlarged and painful; groins chafed. 
Stool.-Watery or cadaverous diarrhoea, scenting the whole 
atmosphere of the room; cramps in the bowels and legs; acrid, 
corroding, cadaverous, rice-water stool, with great innervation, 
and burning thirst. 
Great innervation after stool; the anus burns like fire. 
"Bilious dysentery, with great exhaustion after every exertion; 
distress and restlessness, worse after midnight."-Hg. 
"Diarrhoea renewed after eating or drinking."-G. 
"The characteristic stool may be said to be small in quantity, 
of dark color, offensive odor; and with it great prostration."-D. 
Diarrhoea from cold substances, particularly ice-cream or ice- 
water. 
Chronic diarrhoea, involuntary, and very prostrating; stools 
slimy, papescent, brownish, or watery, with bloated abdomen. 
"Diarrhoea; slimy, green mucus, tenesmus ; and cutting pains 
in the anus; stools small with tenesmus ; stools of green mucus ; 
black, acrid, and putrid ; yellow, with tenesmus and burning pain; 
like dirty water, of blood and water."- Hg. 
"Cholera infantum, simultaneous vomiting and purging, great 
exhaustion; all aggravated by food and water."-Hg. 
Painful chronic lienteria, with excessive tympanitis, or ema- 
ciation. 
For chronic diarrhoea, Arsenic excels all other drugs, especially 
in the last stage of tabes mesenterica; purging, with extreme cold- 
ness of the extremities; worse after midnight; burning stools, 
with violent colic ; extreme coldness of the extremities. 
The anus burns like fire, long after stool. 
"Burning stool; yellow; violent colic ; fissures of anus."-Hg. 
Haemorrhoids; with stitching pain when walking or sitting, 
not when at stool; with burning pain relieved by heat. ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
131 
"Hemorrhages from the bowels, dark, offensive."-Hg. 
Stools so acrid that they produce great excoriation. 
Constipation; abdomen bloated and pains much. 
Urinary Organs.-Burning, high-colored, scanty urine. Al- 
buminuria, after scarlatina, diphtheria, and in Bright's disease of 
the kidneys. Dropsical effusions following the above-mentioned 
causes, have in thousands of cases yielded to Arsenic, when the 
urine was loaded with albumen; fatty degeneration or atrophy of 
the Bellinian tubes and tufts. 
"Urine scanty, passed with great difficulty; strangury; burn- 
ing during discharge ; suppression in cholera."-Hg. 
"Atony of the bladder, no desire to urinate, and no power to 
do so ; especially after parturition."-Hg. 
"Uraemia with vomiting, colic, spells of suffocation, emphy- 
sema ; heart disease, with great anguish, especially in drunk- 
ards."-Hg. 
Uraemia at the commencement of scarlatina. 
"Urine, dark brown; dark yellow; turbid; sediment of red 
sand, mixed with pus and blood; greenish; haematuria."-Hg. 
Involuntary micturition from paresis of the bladder. 
Burning in the urethra during micturition. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Acute inflammation of the genital 
organs ; excessively painful, and often gangrenous. 
Scrotum oedematous, in dropsical effusions ; hydrocele. 
"Phagedenic chancres, livid hue, with intense burning; even 
sloughing; serpiginous ulcers on the genitals."-Hg. 
"Constitutional syphilis, with indescribable feeling of weak- 
ness, or with dropsy and malignant ulcerations."-Hg. 
Bubo, when assuming a gangrenous aspect; glans blue-red, 
swollen, and cracked; burning during micturition. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Catamenia too early and too pro- 
fuse. Constant and exhausting menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. 
"Menorrhagia in feeble females, cachectic, affected with rheu- 
matism, disorganization of the uterus or ovaries; in eruptive 
fevers [typhoid fever], and when aphthae break out, indicating a 
low state of the system."-Hg. 
Hemorrhage, sudden profuse discharge of dark blood, with 
lancinating, burning pains ; polypus or scirrhus uteri, with hard, 
nodulous swelling on the cervix and os; bleed much from the 
slightest touch. 132 
ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
Ulceration of the uterus, with ichorous, fetid, corrosive dis- 
charge. 
Leucorrhoea, corrosive, fetid, profuse, and debilitating. 
"Leucorrhoea acrid, corroding, thick and yellow, dropping out 
while standing and emitting flatulence."-Hg. 
Inflammation of the genitals; vagina hot, dry, and swollen. 
Ovaries.-Burning, stitching, pressive, tensive pains in the 
ovary. 
"Drawing, stitching pain from region of ovary into thigh; 
feels numb and lame, worse from motion and bending."-Hg. 
Ovaritis, with burning pains, with great restlessness, partially 
relieved by motion of feet, with whitish, fetid uterine discharge. 
"Ovarian tumor on right side, with pain in leg, can not keep 
the foot still; ovarian tumor filling entire abdominal cavity, could 
not stoop to dress her feet."-Hg. 
Pregnancy.-Morning sickness; empty retching; frequent 
fainting, with great burning in the stomach like fire. 
Acute malignant metritis, with dissolution of blood; copious 
sweating; great meteorism; discharges excessively offensive; 
muttering delirium, and excessive prostration. 
Ascites from puerperal peritonitis ; uraemic convulsions. 
Mamma.-Cancer of the breast, with great burning distress, 
partially relieved by external warmth; ulcers burn like fire. 
Respiratory Organs.-Voice hoarse from debility. 
Asthma with constriction of the chest; great anguish; aggra- 
vated by motion, in the evening and at night. Especially in old 
people with oedema of the feet, or general anasarca. More useful 
in the chronic bronchitic form. "It attacks fiercely and soon 
reaches its acme. The more the patients seem on the point of 
suffocating, the more painful and distressing the restlessness, the 
more wheezing and the louder the respirations, the more Arseni- 
cum will be found appropriate." (Baehr.) As to the dose, from 
the crude drug up to the 1000th attenuation have made excellent 
cures ; but, as a rule, Fowler s solution is ten times more valuable, 
used in from one to five drop doses once in four hours. It is also 
used by the process of fumigation in the form of cigarettes. 
Trousseau uses Arseniate of Potassa, 15 grains; distilled water, 
one ounce. Unsized white paper is thoroughly soaked in this 
solution, dried, and cut into twenty equal parts, and each part 
rolled into a cigarette. Two or three of these are smoked daily 
for the relief of asthma, chronic bronchitis, phthisis, hay asthma, 
and acute and chronic coryza. The patient inhales the smoke by ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
133 
a single inspiration; and great advantage is obtained by snuffing 
these fumes into the nares. 
Cough. "Applies in all kinds of coughs; predominantly, how- 
ever, in dry cough. In spasmodic cough, it is indicated only in its 
typical form. Whooping-cough does not lie in its range. It is 
indicated in acute and chronic affections of a torpid or dangerous 
nature; especially indicated for cough in organic diseases of an 
incurable or destructive nature, either in the larynx, bronchi, 
lungs, pleura, or heart. Its choice depends upon other than cough 
symptoms ; as dyspnoea, asthma, suffocating spells, cyanosis, heart 
symptoms of all kinds, disturbed circulation, decomposition of the 
blood, exudations, decay and gangrene of organic substance, dis- 
organizations, excessive pains; exhaustion of life-power, collapse, 
high degree of weakness, syncope, anaemia, nervous irritability, 
disposition to ulceration ; hydraemia ; nightly aggravations ; worse 
from lying down, drinking, and change of weather."-Hirschel. 
"Cough excited by smoky sensation, or as of vapors of sulphur 
in larynx, or by constant titillation in larynx."-Hg. 
Deep, dry, increasing, suffocating cough; can not lie down, 
obliged to sit up in bed; worse in stormy weather. 
"Expectoration, frothy saliva; thick yellow; gray, green, bit- 
ter, salty, or mucus streaked with blood."-Hg. 
"Haemoptysis after loss of blood, burning heat all over, espe- 
cially with pain between the scapulae; in drunkards or from sup- 
pressed menses."-Hg. 
Burning in chest and stomach; pleuritic effusion; great dysp- 
noea from slightest motion ; tongue yellow, anasarca. 
"Catarrh of chest; child tosses about in great agony."-Hg. 
Pneumonia, so weak can not move; offensive, dark-colored 
sputa. 
"Chronic pneumonia; purulent sputa, with suffocation."-Hg. 
Gangrene of the lungs, with green, ichorous, fetid discharge. 
Impending paralysis of the lungs ; cyanosis and rattling breath- 
ing ; the chest feels as if bound with a hoop. 
Hydrothorax ; general anasarca; suffocation, can not lie down, 
want of breath; breathes with difficulty, with much anguish. 
Patients that take cold easily, with copious watery nasal dis- 
charges. 
Heart.-Diseases of the heart, has great dyspnoea, can not lie 
down for fear of suffocation, sits up in great anguish. 
Angina pectoris; agonizing pain in the heart, and dyspnoea, 
with trembling, irregular motion of the heart. 134 
ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
"Palpitation of the heart; cannot lie down; worse by going 
up stairs ; dyspnoea and great anguish."-Hg. 
"Valvular disease, with intermittent pulse, dyspnoea, anasarca ; 
can not go up stairs; worse nights; hydropericardium with great 
irritability, anguish; restlessness; especially in uraemia; fatty 
degeneration. "-Hg. 
Pulse rapid, weak, quick and small, or intermittent. 
Pulse imperceptible, thread-like, or entirely gone. 
Chronic inflammation of serous membranes, with copious 
dropsical effusions in all the cavities. 
Distention of the chest, with stitches. 
Back.-Burning in the back, lumbar and sacral portion. 
Pain in the back as if broken, with burning in the spine. 
"Greatly exhausted from sexual excesses; pulling and tearing 
in back and legs; formication along the spine, anasarca."-Hg. 
Bruised pain in small of the back; spinal affection, with pa- 
ralysis of the legs. 
"Loss of strength in small of back; sense of warm air stream- 
ing up the spine into the head, precedes an epileptic fit,"-Hg. 
Ulceration, and bed-sores on the back; burn like fire. 
Upper Limbs.-Paralytic feeling, with drawing, tearing pains. 
Arms and hands dark livid, as in malignant cholera. 
Trembling of the hands, in drunkards. 
"Drawing, jerking, and tearing from tips of fingers into 
shoulder; vesicles filled with blood on tips of fingers ; nails ulcer- 
ated."-Hg. 
Burning ulcers on hands and tips of fingers ; nails blue. 
Lower Limbs -Complete prostration, can not stand up, in 
asthenic diseases, with great faintness, must lie down. 
Sudden sinking of strength, from severe pain or asthenia. 
Neuralgia, pains burn like fire and are intolerable. 
"Sciatica, with severe burning, tearing, and drawing pain, not 
allowing the affected part a moment's rest."-Hg. 
Tearing pains; cramp in thighs, calves, and toes, evenings, 
with lassitude. 
"Pain in the knee-joint, as if beaten, with swelling."-Hg. 
"Frequent cramp in the calves ; can not be still at night, has 
to change position of feet constantly, or walk to get relief. 
The feet are highly cedematous, icy cold and numb, and are 
so weak he is compelled to lie down. 
"General lack of will-power in upper and lower limbs."-Hg. ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
135 
Limbs feel heavy and greatly fatigued, penetrating to the mar- 
row in the bones; weakness of the feet, can not stand. 
Great oedema of the feet, with extreme exhaustion. 
General anasarca, feet cold and numb; general dropsy. 
Phagedenic ulcers ; bullae on soles of feet, burn like fire. 
Great restlessness of the limbs, with fear and anxiety; ex- 
haustion from slight exertion, must lie down ; rapid and complete 
exhaustion ; fainting from intestinal diseases. 
Sudden sinking of strength; cold sweat; fear of death. 
Complete paraplegia; skin of legs cold, flaccid; and great fear 
of death. 
Twitching, tremor, trembling, and great weariness of the legs. 
"Neuralgia, the pains are burning, with agony and great rest- 
lessness ; often intermittent; worse during rest, at night; relieved 
by exercise."-G. 
Skill.-General anasarca, white, waxy pale face, and exces- 
sive debility ; vesicles that burn like fire. 
Eruptions disappear suddenly, with rapid prostration; espe- 
cially scarlatina, with malignant sore throat, or dropsy following. 
Phagedenic ulcerations, constantly extending in breadth. 
"Bran-like, dry, scaly eruptions, with itching and burning; the 
latter increased by scratching and followed by bleeding."-Hg. 
"Irritation of the interior ganglia, those whose affection is so 
often mistaken for spinal irritation, which develops itself in that 
raised, burning, itching eruption popularly called 'hives' or 
mettle-rash.' "-J. H. P. Frost, M. D. 
Arsenical paste has long been used to destroy warts, condy- 
lomata, cancerous growths, and nerves in carious teeth. Scaly 
eruptions, chronic eczema, and leprosy; malignant carbuncles, 
with stinging, burning pains. No remedy can equal Arsenic for 
malignant pustules. 
Ulcers; edges hard, spongy; burning, ichorous discharges, 
with proud flesh ; bed-sores. 
Scirrhus, first stages, ulceration; burns like fire, as if a hot 
iron was thrust into the ulcer; and always aggravated at night. 
Fever.-The periodic, or intermittent, action of Arsenic upon 
the healthy subject, marks it as one of the leading remedies for 
intermittent fever. Dr. Wurmb says : 
"Arsenic is one of those few drugs whose action is distin- 
guished, not alone by its intensity, but equally by its extent; it 
involves the entire organism. Every system, every organ, and 
every nerve-filament is so subjected to its powerful influence that 136 
ARSENICUM ALBUM. 
we are not able to say, which of its symptoms are primary, or 
which are secondary, and where the focus of its action chiefly 
lies. 
"We see the entire nerve-life attacked in all directions, from 
the slightest excitement to the most violent irritation; from the 
mere sensation of weakness to actual paralysis; from the most 
inconsiderable acceleration of the circulation to the most violent 
febrile storm, even to decomposition and destruction of the or- 
ganic substance. 
"The more malignant the influence, the longer the disease has 
lasted, and the greater the prostration, especially if the liver and 
spleen have become involved, the surer and more certain are the 
indications for Arsenicum. 
"The paroxysms are general, violent, and of long duration ; the 
stages are either distinctly developed, or else, as is most fre- 
quently the case, the one or the other stage is absent, or is very 
feebly present; if the latter be the case, it is generally the cold 
stage which fails, and the hot stage is all the more violent. The 
more intense the heat, the longer it continues, the higher the 
excitement in the vascular system, and the more burning and in- 
satiable the thirst, the better is Arsenic indicated. The sweating 
stage may be altogether wanting, or copious and 'clammy. 
"The apyrexia is not pure, but is disturbed by symptoms of the 
most varied kind; restlessness, sleeplessness, spasms, digestive 
disorders, feeling of weakness and general prostration. After 
every paroxysm there is a notable increase of prostration." 
Typhoid fever. "The patients are very restless, anxious, and 
generally so weak that they move only the hands, feet, and head, 
and not the trunk; and hence do not voluntarily change their post- 
ure in bed. Pulse frequent, small, and irregular; high tempera- 
ture ; cheeks hot and red; the thirst insatiable; decomposition of 
the blood, as shown by the exanthemata, ecchymosis, and often pro- 
fuse hemorrhages from various organs, and by the destruction of 
the tissues on which the patient lies; muttering delirium, with 
anguish and distress. Patients perceive nothing, complain of 
nothing; excretions pass involuntarily; but the urine is fre- 
quently retained in the bladder, which is often so distended as to 
threaten a rupture. The lips and tongue are dry; the latter often 
hard, clean, dark red, or else with thick dark-brown coating, 
which often, also, covers the lips and teeth; speech often impos- 
sible." 
Frequent watery, colliquative stools, or watery and bloody. ARUM TRIPHYLLUM. 
137 
The flatulent distention of the abdomen is enormous; rat- 
tling in the lungs. Emaciation very great and rapid. 
Intermittents, chill and heat predominate ; no sweat; fungoid 
malarial diseases. 
Septicaemia, from decayed animal matter, or blood. 
Neuralgia; pains are burning; with agony and great restless- 
ness ; often intermittent; worse during rest, at night, and relieved 
by exercise; pains as if a red-hot wire was drawn along the 
nerve. Best known remedy for neuralgia, in all of its forms, in 
any part of the body, when indicated. 
Chorea. In simple, uncomplicated cases, no known remedy can 
equal Arsenic in the form of Fowler's Solution, two to four drops 
three times a day. Dr. D. M. Reese, of New York, cured over two 
hundred cases, without one failure. 
All septic diseases of a typhoid, malignant nature, with cold, 
clammy sweats and extreme prostration of all the vital forces; 
as yellow fever, cholera, typhoid, variola, etc. 
Aggravation.-At night, especially after midnight; in cold, 
damp air; after eating or drinking something cold; by lying down 
with the head low; or by motion. 
Amelioration.-By warm air; or lying with the head high; 
and during the day. 
ARUM TRIPHYLLUM. 
Indian Turnip. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh root, Classi. 
Antidotes.-Acids, Merc., Iris, Phyt., Rhus. 
Through the animal nervous system, Arum has two special centers 
of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. Excoriating Inflammation. 
II. Glandular System. (Salivary.) Insalivation. 
Mucous Membranes.-Arum especially acts upon the mucous 
membrane of the nose, buccal cavity, tongue, and fauces, as a 
great irritant, producing acute inflammation and aphthous ulcer- 
ation. 
Glandular System.-The glands especially acted upon by this 
remedy are the salivary. Here it produces great congestion and 
violent salivation. 138 
ARUM TRIPHYLLUM. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Of great value in scarlatina, where the nostrils constantly dis- 
charge a burning, ichorous fluid, excoriating the nose and lips; 
nose entirely occluded; fluent, acrid coryza; constantly picking 
the nose until it bleeds; unconscious, or wild delirium; he can 
only breathe with mouth open. 
Lips very sore, swollen, burning, cracked and bleeding; skin 
peeling off; constant picking at the lips and nose. 
Tongue red like a beet, with prominent papillae. 
Inflammation of the mouth, with sudden swelling of the tis- 
sues, with burning, stinging pains. 
Excessive salivation, the whole buccal cavity being raw and 
sore; profuse flow of acrid saliva. 
Children pick and bore into raw surfaces; notwithstanding it 
gives great pain, they keep up the boring. 
"Cavity of mouth covered with diphtheritic deposit and ulcers." 
"Fauces and nares ulcerated; secretions corroding and acrid." 
-Hg. 
Putrid sore throat; glands of neck much swollen. 
Acrid, excoriating, watery, brown diarrhoea. 
Urine scanty and high colored. 
Clergyman's sore throat; voice hoarse; pain in larynx, and 
great accumulation of mucus. 
Excessive restlessness, from sore throat, scarlatina, diphtheria. 
Eruption all over the body, much itching, great restlessness; 
desquamation in large flakes, two or three times, after scarlatina. 
Aggravation.-Mornings ; lying down; and northwest wind. 
Amelioration.-On rising, and in middle of the day. ASAFOETIDA. 
139 
ASAFCETIDA. 
Scorodosma Foetidum. 
Habitat, Asia. The gum-resin; according to Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Puls., Caust., Cinch., Merc., Electricity. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Asafoetida has three 
special centers of action : 
I. Muscular System. Excito-Motor Insanity. 
II. Glandular System. Hyperesthesia; Secretions Increased. 
III. Mucous Memb. Increased Secretions; Abdomen Tympanitic. 
Muscular System.-Through the cerehro-spinal nervous sys- 
tem (excito-motor portion), Asafoetida produces hysterical insan- 
ity of any or all of the muscles in the body, especially centering 
upon the oesophagus; here it produces constant muscular spasm, 
feeling like a large lump in the throat that can not be swallowed. 
Glandular System.-Especially centering upon the ovaries, 
mammae, and testicles, producing hyper-sensitiveness and in- 
creased secretions, with swelling and induration. The sexual 
desire becomes excited and increased; and the menses become 
too early and too profuse. • 
Mucous Membranes.-The action of Asafoetida is to increase 
all the mucous secretions, especially those of the digestive organs 
and lungs. On the mucous membranes of the digestive organs, in 
doses of one grain to twenty, this drug so increases the intestinal 
secretions that mild catharsis is produced, with great tympanitis 
of the whole abdomen; the distention of the stomach and bowels 
is perfectly immense. This is probably due to paresis of the 
muscular coat of this tract. With this distention, there is a dis- 
charge of aliaceous gas from the stomach and bowels that is 
intensely fetid. 
Larger doses, ten to thirty grains, produce nausea, vomiting, 
colic, increased biliary secretions, augmenting the peristaltic 
action of the intestines, and causing copious watery diarrhoea. 
Dr. Heinigke says: "Although an action upon the brain and 
spinal marrow can not be disputed, yet the large ganglionic plex- 140 
ASAFCETIDA. 
uses of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, the centers of the 
vascular nerves, especially the system of the vena cava inferior, 
seem to be principally affected. Thus the uncommon irritative 
conditions of the gastric and intestinal musculature, the intes- 
tinal mucosa, and the glandular organs belonging thereto, are 
explained, as well as the orgasm and hyperaemia,-conditions 
which appear, now here, now there, in the abdominal and pelvic 
cavities." 
It is also said to act upon the bones; but the evidence so far, 
is not satisfactory. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
All forms of hysteria where the throat symptoms predominate; 
i. e., a sensation as if a lump or spasm were ascending in the 
oesophagus, causing difficulty in breathing, and much alarm about 
the feeling in the throat. The excito-motor system throughout 
the body, is in a state of hyperesthesia and hysterical spasms; 
phlegmatic constitutions; ill humor; over-sensitiveness, either 
physical or mental. 
Hysterical nervous headache; single and sudden stitches iij 
the left temple; stupor and complete coma. 
Pressive pain in the forehead from within outward. 
Fickle, hysterical; sleeplessness; full of dreams. 
Vertigo ; the mind is very active. 
Cold sweat upon the forehead. 
Otorrhoea, bones diseased, with offensive discharge. 
Eyes.-Very useful in ciliary neuralgias ; deep-seated inflam- 
mation of the eyeball; iritis, kerato-iritis, irido-choroiditis, and 
retinitis, especially of a syphilitic origin, with throbbing, boring, 
or burning pains ; especially, severe boring pain above the brows. 
All aggravated at night. 
Nose.-Caries of the bones; discharge of offensive pus ; oztena. 
Month.-"Constantly chewing and working frothy slime out of 
mouth, with swollen lip and tongue."-Hg. 
"Speech unintelligible ; tongue white, swollen; chorea."-Hg. 
Throat.-Burning and soreness of the fauces. 
Globus, sensation of a ball rising in the throat, with dyspnoea. 
This hysterical rising of a lump in the throat is the most promi- 
nent symptom of this drug. 
Loss of appetite, with disgust for food. Stomach.-Excessively fetid eructations, smelling like garlic. 
Great accumulation of gas in the stomach and bowels; the gas 
constantly presses upward, with belching. Feeling of strong 
pulsations in the epigastrium; powerful hiccough. 
"Meteorism of stomach, great tension and difficult eructations; 
gone, empty feeling in pit of stomach, with pulsation,, and faint- 
Pain in stomach, darting upward along the oesophagus. 
Abdomen.-Flatulent colic, with abdominal pulsations, and 
great distension with gas; hysterical. 
Watery, green, or brown stools, with disgusting odor. 
Urinary Organs.-Copious watery urine in hysteria. 
Spasms of the bladder during and after urination. 
Urine very scanty, acrid, and strong smelling. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Irritation in the glans penis, with 
stitches, and pain in the testicles. 
Very faint after coition. Increased sexual desire. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early, too scanty, and 
last but a short time, with bearing-down pains, worse by motion. 
Sexual desire greatly excited ; nymphomania. 
"Leucorrhoea, profuse, greenish, thin and offensive."-G. 
Ulceration of the os, exceedingly sensitive, with fetid discharge. 
"Swelling and inflammation of the genitals."-Hg. 
"It is said to kill the foetus and dry up the milk."-Hg. 
Mamma.-Mothers who have a deficiency of milk, with hyper- 
sensitiveness of the whole system. 
Mammje become turgid with milk, in those who are not preg- 
nant, as during the ninth month. 
Milk soon disappears after delivery. (In such cases this drug 
has often caused it to return. First three attenuations.) 
Air-Passages.-Nervous hysterical asthma, with hard, dry, 
spasmodic cough; spasm of the glottis, with hysterical spasms. 
Oppression of the chest, can hardly breathe, in great agony, 
and exceedingly restless ; brought on from eating or exertion. 
Old chronic catarrhs, with spasmodic, wheezing cough. 
Obstinate, dry, teasing cough at night, with globus; the chest 
feels as if there was a heavy weight upon it, with burning distress 
extending to the arms. 
"Palpitation with faintness, rush of blood to head, flushing of 
the face, anxiety and excitement."-Hg. 
ASAFCETIDA. 
141 142 
ASAFCETIDA. 
Nervous palpitation, with small, rapid pulse. 
Back.-Can not work, the back pains so much. 
Feels so weary can hardly walk; burning along the spine. 
Extremities.-Twitching and spasmodic action of the arms; 
frequent muscular jactitation in arms and hands, in hysteria. 
Wrist-joints ache much, especially in syphilis. 
Constant convulsive tremor of limbs; muscles twitch con- 
stantly. 
Hysterical convulsions is a marked symptom of Asafoetida. 
"Swelling around the ankle, can not use the foot; carious ulcer 
on the tibia, extremely sensitive."-Hg. 
Painful, sensitive throbbing in the great toe. 
Skin.-Ulcers that are excessively sensitive; can not bear the 
softest dressing, or even the approach of any one. 
"Ulcers with high, hard, bluish edges; sensitive to touch; 
easily bleeding; thin, offensive, greenish, ichorous pus; ulcers 
grow black."-Hg. 
Bones.-Scrofulous caries of the bones; the ulcer has high, 
hard edges, bleeds easily, is sensitive; profuse greenish, offensive 
discharge, with hysterical temperament. 
Painfulness of the bones, with softening and swelling of the 
bone and periosteum. 
"Important in some forms of tertiary syphilis, especially Mer- 
curio-syphilitic affections of the bones of the wrist."-F. 
"Obesity; seldom of use in bone diseases unless the body is 
heavy, bloated: the skin adheres to the bone in caries."-Hg. 
"Glands hard, swollen, hot and throbbing, with shooting pains ; 
all signs of fullness of the venous system."-Hg. 
Particularly adapted to nervous, hysterical, scrofulous individ- 
uals, with venous, hsemorrhoidal constitution, and phlegmatic 
temperament, with portal congestion. 
Aggravation.-While sitting; after eating; and mornings. 
Amelioration.-In open air; from motion; and evenings. ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS. 
143 
ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS. 
Asparagus. 
Habitat: Europe, America, etc. Tincture of berries and seeds, Class III. 
Through the spinal nerves, Asparagus has one special center of 
action : 
I. Kidneys. Increased Blood-Pressure; Diuresis. 
Urinary Organs.-Through the spinal nerves, the functions 
of the convoluted tubes are greatly excited from increased blood- 
pressure, causing excessive urination, with strong, offensive odor, 
accompanied by much aching distress in the sacral region. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Rheumatic diathesis; joints especially affected with lithic 
acid deposits; and much rheumatic pain in the joints. 
Urine scanty, straw colored, and offensive, in rheumatism. 
Gravel passes in small quantities with the urine. 
Rheumatic gout, with concretions of lithic acid in the joints. 
Countenance pale, wax-like and bloated, with a general ex- 
pression of anxiety, in dropsical effusions. 
"Especially adapted to hydrothorax and general dropsy, where 
the kidneys are involved, with palpitation of the heart at night; 
fullness of the chest; rapid, laborious respiration, and feeble, 
irregular pulse; very fretful and feverish; great languor and 
disinclination to physical or mental labor."-Marcy and Hunt. 
Renal dropsy, urine scanty, loaded with the phosphates and , 
the urate of ammonia, with many rheumatic symptoms, and often 
general anasarca. 
Excellent as a diet in rheumatism or renal dropsy. 144 
AURUM. 
AURUM. 
Gold. 
Habitat: America, Australia, etc. An element. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Asaf., lod., Cupr., Bell., Merc., Camph., and Wine. 
Through the vegetative nervous system, Gold has six special centers 
of action : 
I. Lymphatic Glandular System. Congestion; Induration. 
II. Osseous System. Caries and Exostosis. 
III. Digestive Organs. Gastro-Intestinal Inflammation. 
IV. Vascular System. Excited, and Raised Temperature. 
V. Skin. Copious Diaphoresis. 
VI. Generative Organs. Passions Excited. 
Glandular System.-Aurum acts upon the whole glandular 
system, particularly centering upon the liver and testicles; they 
become congested and indurated. In the lymphatics, we have 
congestion, torpor, and adenitis. Chronic suppuration of glands, 
ascites and albuminuria. 
Bones.-Aurum especially affects the palatine bones, produc- 
ing caries and exostosis. It also produces inflammation of the 
periosteum. 
Digestive Organs.-It produces irritation and inflammation 
of the gastro-intestinal tract, with nausea, vomiting, flatulent 
colic, much rumbling and diarrhoea, with increased urination. 
Vascular System.-The vascular system is moderately ex- 
cited, with febrile irritation, chill predominating. 
Chilliness and rigors are very prominent symptoms; can not 
get warm; the whole body cold. 
Skin.-Aurum stimulates the absorbent, secretory, and excre- 
tory functions of the skin, producing copious night sweats, and a 
great liability to take cold, with sensitiveness of the whole body to 
the cold air. 
Sexual Organs.-Greatly excited and increased sexual desire 
in both sexes. In the male, it produces erotic salacity, going on AURUM. 
145 
to painful priapisms; and, in the female, too frequent and too 
profuse menstruation. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Great melancholy, the mind constantly dwells upon suicide, 
from congestion of the liver or testicles. 
Scrofulosis and syphilitico-mercurial affections, where there is 
great despondency and tendency to suicide. This all-pervading 
despondency is found in all diseases that call for the use of Gold. 
Dull, drawing, burning pains in the forehead; head is hot, and 
the limbs are cool. 
"Rushes of blood to the head and brain; headache; giddiness; 
hammering and rustling noises in the head."-Dr. J. C. Burnett. 
Pains in the bones of the head, with tenderness on pressure, 
and the bony lumps to be felt under the scalp, from secondary 
syphilis ; exostosis with nightly bone-pains. 
Eyes.-Amaurosis ; can not see anything distinctly, as every- 
thing seems double; objects are jumbled up. 
Acute ophthalmia, sclerotica red, with burning heat, or kera- 
titis parenchymatosa ; photophobia ; loss of vision. 
"Chronic inflammation of the eyelids; fistula lachrymalis; 
caries of the nasel bones."-IJg. 
Ears.-Caries of the ossicula tympani; they come from the 
car. Chronic inflammation and nightly bone-pains; chronic 
otorrhcea, with buzzing noises, and very sensitive to sounds; 
music relieves. 
Nose.-Caries of the nasal, palatine, and mastoid bones; the 
bones of the face and nose are tender and painful, while the 
wings of the nose are sore and inflamed ; sore within that scabs 
over. 
"Ozaena scrofulosa or syphilitica, with unbearable odor; bad- 
smelling watery discharge, irritating the upper lip."-Hg. 
"Red swelling of left nostril; nasal cavity ulcerated deep in, 
with dry, yellowish scurf, and sense of obstruction; blows blood 
and pus from the nose."-Hg. 
"Coryza ; snuffles of a baby; pressing pains in the nose ; deep 
cracks in the alae nasi."-Hg. 
"Lupus attacking the alae nasi; in old cases of ozaena"-Hg. 
Face.-"There is a pustular eruption on the face, neck, and 
chest, the parotid and submaxillary glands swell and are painful; 146 
AURUM. 
the bones of the face and nose are tender and painful, while the- 
wings of the nose are inflamed, with sores within that scab 
over."-D. 
"Exostosis of right cheek bone; submaxillary glands swollen; 
lips swollen, deep red, and are painful."-Hg. 
Mouth.-Teeth loose; gums bleed, and are ulcerated. 
"Taste entirely lost. Tongue as hard as leather; stiff, can 
hardly talk; induration after glossitis; or cancer of the 
tongue."-Hg. 
Teeth, gums, and throat very painful and ulcerated; extremely 
offensive breath; with salivation. 
Craves nothing but acids. 
Tonsils suffer loss of substance from long-continued suppura- 
tion ; tongue hard as leather, hardly movable ; great tendency to 
become hoarse. 
Stomach.-Inflammation of the stomach; nausea, vomiting 
of green bile, with burning, sharp pains in the stomach, and 
cramps. 
Immoderate appetite and thirst, with qualmishness. 
Hypochondria.-"Induration of the liver, with dropsy."-Hg. 
"Burning in right hypochondrium; hepatic hyperaemia and 
swelling; much heat and swelling; ascites."-Hg. 
Spleen enlarged; albuminuria. 
Abdomen.-Distention of abdomen from ascites, and much 
pain in the bowels ; very stiff in region of the groins. 
Nightly diarrhoea, with burning in the rectum. 
Obstinate constipation, with haemorrhoids. 
"Fistula in ano, in young man."-Hg. 
"Numerous circum-anal condylomata, and syphilitic diathe- 
Urinary Organs.-Urine scanty and turbid in dropsy. 
Albuminuria, pains in region of kidneys, frequent urging to 
urinate, worse at night; from tertiary syphilis. 
"Pressing around the waist; increased urination; renal hy- 
peraemia."-Hg. 
Albuminuria in pregnancy, with general anasarca and de- 
spondency. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Great increase of sexual desire, with 
exhausting erections and pollutions, with hypochondriasis. AURUM. 
147 
Diminished sexual desire, with suicidal despondency. 
Induration of the testicles; warty excrescences on scrotum, 
prepuce, and anus; chancres that secrete an abundance of pus. 
Chronic gleet, accompanied with condylomatous excrescences. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early and too profuse; 
blood acrid and makes the parts sore. Menses suppressed in 
dropsy, with great despondency; os indurated. 
"Leucorrhcea, light yellow, especially mornings; uterus pro- 
lapsed, indurated; sub-acute and chronic metritis."-Hg. 
"Pudendum over-sensitive ; burning heat and intolerable itch- 
"Gonorrhoeal discharge, glands of both groins swollen."-Hg. 
General anasarca and dropsical symptoms during pregnancy. 
Air-Passages.-"We note all the symptoms of a running cold 
in the head; congestion and catarrh of the entire bronchial lining, 
with dry and humid stages ; cough with dyspnoea, and constriction 
of the thorax."-Dr. Burnett. 
"Extreme tightness of the chest, with difficult breathing at 
varying times; great weight of the chest, especially a heavy 
weight in the sternum."-Dr. Burnett. 
Chronic bronchitis ; voice hoarse; throat inflamed, suffocative 
cough. 
"Pulmonary catarrh, sub-acute, with pains in left side of 
chest."-Hg. 
Heart.-Palpitation of the heart, with suffocating oppression 
of the chest; feeling as though the lieart ceased beating for a 
while, and suddenly a hard thump is felt. 
"Angina pectoris (next to Arsenic); with cardiac anguish; 
violent, irregular palpitation; heart greatly oppressed."-Hg. 
Endocarditis, rheumatic, from secondary syphilis. 
"Pulse small and frequent (dropsy); pulse large (angina pec- 
toris) ; weak pulse (stenocardia)."-Hg. 
In walking, the heart seems to shake about as if it were loose, 
with restlessness, anxiety, arising from the region of the heart, 
driving him from one place to another. 
Beating of the heart causes great anxiety. 
Back.-Various tearing, stitch-like pains about the body. 
Tearing pains in all the joints. 
"Great liability to catch cold ; great sensitiveness of the whole 
body to all kinds of pain, so that the very thought of pain is 
almost the pain itself."-Dr. Burnett. 148 
AURUM. 
Upper Limbs.-Spasmodic motion of arms, with tearing 
pains in shoulders and all the joints. 
"The arms and legs are numb and asleep in the morning on 
awaking; great lassitude."-Dr. Burnett. 
Lower Limbs.-Exostosis, with severe nocturnal bone-pains, 
after syphilitico-mercurial affections ; periosteum very tender. 
Infiltration of the cellular tissue of legs; great oedema in 
dropsy, albuminuria, scarlatina, etc. 
"Limbs cold, covered with sweat; or periostitis of foot."-Hg. 
Periosteal inflammation, with intolerable bone-pains at night, 
worse from heat; exceedingly restless; of a syphilitic origin; 
caries of joints. 
Skill.-Dry and shrunken; eczema; pustules ; small red ele- 
vations ; ulcers and scurf; secondary syphilis. 
Cancerous glands, with induration and ulceration. 
"Dropsies, from heart disease ; liver affections ; scarlatina and 
intermittent fever, with general anasarca."-Hg. 
"Cured ascites, even after three successive tappings."-Hg. 
"Gold salts and Mercury salts both loosen the cohesion of the 
organic tissue. Both stimulate the absorbent, secreting, and ex- 
creting functions of skin, kidneys, and salivary glands. Gold 
employed for a longer period, initiates a peculiar metamorphosis 
of plastic life; differing from the Mercurials in stimulating more 
the activity of the heart and blood-vessels, but not so much the 
organic tissue as dry Mercury."-Hg. 
Fever.-Hectic fever, with copious, offensive night sweats. 
"Copious cold sweat after scarlatina and variola."-Hg. 
"Violent rheumatic fever, with painful swelling of the joints; 
leaving the joints and attacking*the heart."-Hg. 
Fever from secondary syphilis, with periosteal inflammation. 
Over-sensitiveness to all pain and cold air; very restless. 
"Chilliness and rigors are very prominent symptoms; cold 
hands and feet, chill down the back ; the whole body shivers with 
cold, can not get warm all night; followed by fever and great 
thirst; morning perspiration all over."-Hah. 
In old people, where the scrofulous element predominates, af- 
flicted with dyspnoea from cardiac difficulty, and great debility, 
with anasarca. Gold will rejuvenate such people. 
Aggravation.-Mornings; on getting cold; while reposing 
at night the warmth of the bed-clothes is intolerable. 
Amelioration.-By moving; while walking; on getting warm ; 
in cold, wet weather. ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 
149 
ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 
Benzoic Acid. 
Chemical preparation, from Gum-benzoin. Trituration. Tincture, Class IV. 
Through the spinal nervous system, Benzoic acid has two special cen- 
ters of action : 
I. Urinary Organs. Congested; Secretions Putrid. 
II. Joints and Fibrous Tissue. Gouty Diathesis. 
Urinary Organs.-Benzoic acid causes congestion of the kid- 
neys, with an increased secretion of extremely offensive urine. 
Dr. Ure says: "Benzoic acid causes the disappearance of uric 
acid from the urine, which is replaced by hippuric acid." On the 
contrary, Dr. Keller says: "Benzoic acid is converted into hip- 
puric acid at the expense, according to Garrod, of the urea, the 
uric acid meanwhile remaining undiminished." The only logical 
conclusion would seem to be that the effect of Benzoic acid upon 
the urine is variable. All authorities appear to agree, however, 
in asserting that the activity is increased. It delays the decompo- 
sition of urine and the formation of carbonate of ammonia, and 
changes the already-formed carbonate into innocent hippurate of 
ammonia. 
Fibrous Tissue and Joints.-Benzoic acid produces a rheu- 
matic, gouty diathesis, and the joints become filled with the uric 
acid phosphates. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Rheumatic and gouty subjects, with excessively fetid urine, 
smelling like that of horses; very high colored; gravel, urine 
muco-purulent and extremely offensive. 
It has cured, and often diminished, the formation of uric acid 
calculi, when the urine is fetid. 
Irritable bladder, with enuresis, and many rheumatic symp- 
toms ; enuresis nocturna of children. 
"Dysuria senilis ; bladder irritable ; nephritic colic ; urine deep 
red, of a strong odor like that of horses, excoriating."-Hg. 
"Dark, high-colored, very fetid, offensive urine ; often contains 
mucus and pus, with calculous or gouty diathesis."-Hy. 150 
ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 
Urine hot, scalding, extremely offensive; can hardly stay in 
the room where it is, the smell is so cadaverous. 
"I have found it very serviceable in old people, when a high- 
colored and strong-smelling urine dribbles away, partly from the 
irritation it causes, and partly from the want of power on the part 
of the bladder to retain it."-Hughes. 
Urinary calculi, in rheumatic or gouty subjects, with fetid 
urine. 
Digestive Organs.-Glossitis; tongue extensively ulcerated. 
"Angina faucium and tonsillitis, with strong urine."-Hg. 
Feeble digestion; loathing of food; much thirst; nausea, 
vomiting, burning and distention of the stomach. 
Abdomen. Severe cutting pains, with much flatulence. 
Obstruction of the liver, with fine stitching pains. 
Stool.-White, fetid, watery, copious, and exhausting stools, 
in infants where the urine smells like that of horses. 
"Stools copious, watery, grayish-white, like dirty soap-suds; 
excessively offensive, scenting the whole house, like the fetid 
urine ; putrid ; bloody; frothy and scanty."-Hg. 
"Diarrhoea of children ; stools copious, watery, clear colored, 
very fetid; urine deep red, and uncommonly fetid."-Jig. 
Sexual Organs. Male.-Chronic gonorrhoea; smarting of the 
urethra, and urine excessively offensive. 
Warty excrescences and condylomata that discharge much. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early, with much de- 
bility, especially after menstruation ; urine very fetid. 
Amenorrhcea and prolapsus uteri, with fetid urine. 
Gastric derangements when ascending a height. 
Lochia last too long; very acrid and fetid. 
Air-Passages.-Bronchitis, with asthma, and rheumatism. 
"Dry, constant hacking cough; followed by expectoration of 
green mucus."-Hg. 
Much oppression of lungs ; asthenic pneumonia ; great weak- 
ness ; difficult breathing; promotes expectoration. 
Great weakness ; difficult breathing; cough and asthma. 
Asthma, with inflammatory rheumatic complaints. 
Catarrhal diseases of lungs; when great weakness prevails; 
much mucus in the throat; hoarseness ; dyspnoea. 
Asthenic asthma, bronchitis or pneumonia, rheumatic form. 
Typhoid pneumonia; great debility, and strong-smelling urine. ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 
151 
Heart.-"Awakens after midnight with violent pulsations of 
the heart and temporal arteries; gouty rheumatism affecting the 
heart; hard, frequent pulse ; fever; heat; sweat. 
Sternum sensitive to touch; rheumatoid affection of muscles. 
Back.-Rheumatic myelitis ; dull pain in renal region ; loins 
stiff; great weakness of the lumbar region. 
Upper Limbs.-Gouty deposits in all the joints. 
Tearing pains deep in the bones; fingers greatly swollen, with 
tearing pains; panaritium. 
Ganglion. Dr. Bayes has several times cured ganglion of the 
wrist. (Used locally, in proportion of five grains to one drachm 
of lard. Mrs. Dr. J. N. Wilkins has confirmed this.) 
Lower Limbs.-Rheumatism of the joints, with limy concre- 
tions ; pains shift often ; knee-joints crack from dryness. 
"During the night, gout commences in right great toe, with 
redness and tumefaction ; syphilitic rheumatism ; urine fetid. 
Pains commence in the right and go to the left side. 
"The more Benzoic acid is used in gout, the more it will be 
valued."-Hg. 
Emaciation, weakness; weariness; rheumatic, tearing pains. 
Skin.-Ulcers; syphilitic spots; wart-like condylomata on 
the genitals and anus; itching and burning of the skin. 
Urticaria in rheumatic, gouty subjects; mind much depressed. 
Aggravation.-In cold air, and mornings. 
Amelioration.-In warm air, and evenings 152 
ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. 
ACIDUM CARBOJLICUM. 
Carbolic Acid. 
Chemical preparation. Alcoholic solution. 
Antidotes.-Lime-water freely; Alkalies, Soap, Fixed Oils, Demulcent Drinks. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Carbolic acid has four 
special centers of action : 
I. Brain. Congestion, Insensibility; Convulsions. 
II. Blood. Septic Condition. 
III. Digestive Organs. (Upper Portion.) Inflamed. 
IV. Locally. Ancesthetic and Highly Antiseptic. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-The brain is greatly congested, 
with vertigo, insensibility, convulsions, stertorous breathing, cold 
perspiration, great prostration, and death. 
As a poison, in doses of an ounce or more, "an intense burning 
pain is felt in the throat and oesophagus, followed by staggering as 
if from intoxication, and then by complete insensibility; the face 
is pale; the lips and hands livid; the pupils usually contracted ; 
though in rapid death they may be dilated; the pulse is generally 
above the normal rate, but sometimes much below it, and at the 
same time soft and compressible ; respiration stertorous, and mu- 
cous and sonorous rhonci fill the lungs; tongue swollen. The 
skin, breath, urine, and faeces, if any, smell strongly of the Acid; 
the urine is often copious, and generally passed with difficulty. 
Death takes place, sometimes instantaneously, but generally in 
from one to three hours."-Stille. 
Carbolic acid stimulates the respiratory center and the peri- 
pheric nerve-endings. 
Post-Mortem Lesions.-"Skin purplish; about the angle of 
the mouth, it is apt to be discolored and shriveled by the caustic 
action of the Acid; the mucous membrane of the mouth white; 
the tongue and oesophagus dry, brown, and shrunken, and its 
epithelium readily detached; mucous membrane of the stomach 
reddened, especially along the edges of the rugae; sometimes it 
presents whitish patches and is easily peeled off; its epithelial 
layer is sometimes cornified. The air-passages filled with frothy ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. 
153 
mucus; lungs congested; and the brain very much congested 
with venous blood, and some portions of the brain are bathed 
with serous effusion."-Stille. 
Blood.-This is in a septic condition; and we have produced 
putrefactive affections, such as carbuncle and putrid diseases. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-The upper portion becomes con- 
gested and inflamed. 
Locally.-It is used as an anesthetic; and, in minor surgery, 
it is of great value. To illustrate its action, Dr. Smith painted 
on his arm a spot an inch in diameter, with an 85-per-cent solu- 
tion of Carbolic acid. For a minute it caused slight burning, 
then the skin became quite numb, whitened, and shriveled. At 
this point he made an incision half an inch long without even feel- 
ing the knife, the wound healing as usual. Three hours after- 
ward he thrust a needle into the skin, without causing pain or 
vesication. JHe found that, when incising whitlows, the applica- 
tion of the Acid greatly lessened the pain. 
Carbolic acid, destroys the lowest forms of animal and veg- 
etable life, and prevents fermentation and putrefaction. It does 
not act on putrid gases, but kills the living germs developed in 
the process of putrefaction. The vapor of the acid kills all forms 
of insects and animal parasites. In putrefactive, sloughing 
wounds, the lotion destroys all fetor, facilitates the separation of 
the slough, and causes healthy granulations to spring up. 
As a local remedy for the surgeon, its usefulness can not be 
over-estimated; and, for full particulars, see works on surgery. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
The main use of Carbolic acid is found in the practice of sur- 
gery, as an antiseptic in all wounds or sores where there is a 
tendency to putrefaction. The antiseptic properties of the Acid 
destroy the atmospheric germs or infusoria which keep up putre- 
faction. It does not act on putrid gases, but kills the living germs 
developed in the process of putrefaction, striking directly at the 
cause, and not the effect. Its powerful antiseptic properties make 
it a valued agent for disinfection. 
Three preparations of Carbolic acid are used by surgeons: 
1. Carbolic acid and boiled linseed, or other fixed oil, in the 
proportion of one to five. 
2. Carbolic acid and water, in proportion of one to thirty. 154 
ACIDUM CARBOLIC UM. 
3. Carbolic oil and whitening, in the proportions requisite for 
the consistence of soft putty. 
The results of the employment of these preparations in surgery 
may almost be called wonderful. In all amputations, the cut sur- 
faces are bathed with Carbolic acid lotion, the edges coaptated, 
and a paste of the Acid applied, so as to prevent the air from com- 
ing in contact with the wound; and it all unites by first intention. 
In all forms of abscess, after opening and evacuating the pus, 
wash with the lotion, and seal with the Carbolic paste. 
In putrefactive, sloughing wounds, the lotion destroys all fetor, 
facilitates the separation of the slough, and causes healthy gran- 
ulations to spring up. It arrests fermentation produced by organ- 
ized matter. 
Its action upon the brain so closely resembles apoplexy that 
we should expect good results in this disease; and it has cured 
hydrocephalus. 
Vertigo ; confusion of the head; delirium ; stupor; sleepless- 
ness ; restlessness; much dreaming; and frontal headache; or 
congestive headache with confusion of the mind; pupils dilated; 
sight confused, with roaring in the ears. • . 
Digestive Organs.-Aphthous inflammation of the mouth, 
with salivation, and much burning of the mouth. 
Diphtheritic inflammation of the fauces; dark-colored mem- 
brane ; breath excessively fetid, much fever of a septic character, 
and great prostration. (Internally, and locally as a spray.) 
Loss of appetite ; thirst, and slimy taste in the mouth. 
Stomach. Eructations; nausea and vomiting, with great flat- 
ulency; morning nausea and vomiting, with congestion of the 
brain. 
Abdomen bloated; flatulence; soreness in lower bowels; flatu- 
lent colic; with watery diarrhoea and constant urging to stool; 
cholera infantum, with brain symptoms. 
Inflammation of mucous membranes, with foul discharges, 
accompanied by great prostration. 
Urinary Organs.-Urine increased, with frequent micturition. 
Or very high-colored urine filled with the phosphates. In some 
cases, it will be useful in albuminuria after malignant scarla- 
tina, etc. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Sexual passion excited, with nightly 
emissions, followed by great relaxation of the organs. ACIDUM CARBOLICUM. 
155 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Ovarian irritation (left); menses 
too late, and, when they do appear, they are too profuse; menor- 
rhagia. 
Endometritis, with foul discharges. Internally, and applied 
locally by the use of cloth tents, once a week. No known remedy 
can take its place as a caustic to arouse healthy action in the in- 
flamed tissues. Dr. Ringer uses it as an injection directly into 
the uterus, diluted with glycerine and water; and, in uterine 
ulceration and cancer, it can be used freely in the vagina as an 
injection. It relieves the pain in a great measure, dissipates par- 
tially the inflammation and hypertrophy, and removes entirely 
the foul odor found in malignant ulceration. 
In vegetations, condylomata, mucous patches, and ulcers of 
the cervix, the undiluted Acid applied locally is admirable. 
In prurigo of vulva, the undiluted Acid often leads to a cure. 
When the lochia are characterized by foul-smelling discharges, 
injections of dilute Carbolic acid will arrest the fetor at once. 
Air-Passages.-Dry, hard, tickling, spasmodic cough; chest 
feels too narrow; laryngitis, with stertorous breathing; pertussis. 
In chronic bronchitis, with profuse fetid expectoration, and 
not much dyspncea, inhalations of dilute Carbolic acid spray, not 
only lessen the abundant expectoration, but remove the excessive 
fetor of the breath. In gangrene of the lungs, no remedy can 
take its place. 
Skin.-In eczema, pityriasis, psoriasis, and vesicular eruptions 
of the skin, with much burning and itching; and many cases of 
the itch have been cured with the Carbolic lotion. For all putre- 
factive, sloughing ulcers and wounds, the local use of this Acid 
can not be dispensed with; it not only removes the fetor, but 
causes healthy granulations to spring up. 
All kinds of animal parasites on the human body, such as lice, 
acari, fleas, chigo, worms, and larvae, are killed by the local use 
of this Acid. 
Extremities.-Trembling, convulsions ; epilepsy, and nerv- 
ous affections of an anaesthetic character; paralysis; muscles 
stiff; much pain in the neck and back; aching in shin bones. 
Septic fevers with much debility, with foul secretions. 
Aggravation.-In open air, and morning. 
Amelioration.-From motion. ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 
156 
ACIDUM I LUORICUM. 
Fluoric Acid 
Chemical preparation. Aqueous solution; in gutta-percha vials. 
Antidotes.-Alkalies in milk; Magnesia, Lime, Soap, Bland Drinks. 
The sphere of action of this drug is not fully understood ; but, from 
what I can learn, I shall place it in the organic group, and believe its 
main action is spent on the five following tissues: 
I. Lymphatic Glandular S. Indurated. Thyroid. Goiter. 
IL Mucous Membs. Chronic Congestion and Inflammation. 
III. Skin. Sour, Glutinous Perspiration; Alopecia. 
IV. Osseous System. Inflammation; Caries. 
Nt Venous System. Varicosis. 
Lymphatic Glandular System.-This Acid especially affects 
the thyroid gland, producing bronchocele. M. Maumene believes 
that the cause of goiter is the presence of fluorides in drinking- 
water. The water is thoroughly impregnated in goiterous dis- 
tricts with the fluorides. A permanent goiter was established in 
a dog by a five-months course of the Fluoride of Potassium. In- 
flammation and suppuration of the lymphatics and liver. 
Mucous Membranes.-It produces chronic congestion and 
inflammation of the fauces, stomach, intestines, and genito- 
urinary organs. 
Bones and Teeth.-It produces caries, and pains in bones. 
Skin and Hair.-Here it causes a glutinous, sour perspira- 
tion ; itching and redness of old cicatrices, with falling-off of the 
hair; baldness, and congestion of the head. 
Venous System.-Varicosis, especially of the lower extrem- 
ities, with varicosic ulcers of the skin. 
This Acid is the most caustic and highly corrosive substance 
known. It readily dissolves silica and silicic acid. As a solvent 
of silex in the animal economy, it is especially useful. Glass is 
energetically acted upon by this Acid; its transparency is in- ACIDUM FLUORICUM. 
157 
stantly destroyed, and heat is evolved. Its vapor is more pungent 
than chlorine, or any of the irritating gases. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
In action this remedy closely resembles Silicea; and its great 
sphere of usefulness will be found in suppurative diseases of a 
sub-acute and chronic nature. 
Great loss of memory; forgets almost everything. 
Is well satisfied with himself; fears nothing. 
Very anxious and depressed in mind; ill humored. 
Head feels full, with pain in the occiput; feeling in the brain 
as if on the verge of being struck with apoplexy. 
Congestion of blood to the head and scalp; the hair becomes 
dry, breaks off, and falls out (syphilis). 
Caries of the skull bones, with nightly bone-pains. Syphilitic 
erosions; mucous tubercles; exostosis, with nightly bone-pains 
resembling those of Mercury. 
Eyes.-"Fistula lachrymalis; increased lachrymation."-Hg. 
" Sensation as if strong wind were blowing in the eyes; must 
tie them up and keep them warm."-Jig. 
Chronic ophthalmia, feeling of sand in the eye, must wink 
constantly. 
Retinal excitement with red photopsia. 
Nose.-Nose obstructed ; red ; swollen and inflamed; chronic 
nasal catarrh, with ulceration of the septum; fluent coryza. 
Face.-"Tubercles on the forehead and face, with ulcera- 
tion."-Raue. 
Face constantly hot, wants to bathe it continually in cold 
water. 
Mouth.-Rapid caries of the teeth; toothache worse from cold 
drinks; teeth and mouth coated with dark mucus. 
"Tongue; vivid red at tip and edges ; yellow in center; whit- 
ish and dry; or deeply fissured in all directions ; phagedenic ulcer 
in the center."-Hg. 
Acrid, foul taste, with copious salivation. 
Chronic catarrhal inflammation of the pharynx and fauces, 
with ptyalism; especially if syphilitic; soft palate and uvula 
intensely red, much tumefied ; breath fetid, voice nasal; so much 
mucus can not sleep. 158 
ACIDUM FLUORICL'M. 
"Throat peculiarly sensitive to cold, slightest exposure result- 
ing in inflammation; great pain ; deglutition impeded; hawking 
phlegm mixed with blood."-Hg. 
Stomach.-Craves cold water, and is constantly hungry. 
Nausea and bilious vomiting, with purging. 
Great feeling of fullness and weight in the stomach. 
Liver.-Enlarged and indurated, from abuse of whiskey; it 
is very sensitive to pressure. Ulceration of the liver. Ascites 
from hepatic induration and portal congestion. 
Abdomen.-"Great tension and dropsy of abdomen."-Hg. 
Great feeling of emptiness in abdomen, relieved by bandage. 
Stool.-Bilious diarrhoea, worse mornings, and after drinking. 
Very loose yellow mucous stools, with griping and tenesmus. 
Constipation, with great varicosis of the haemorrhoidal veins. 
Copious hemorrhages after a constipated stool. 
Urine.-Urine scanty, high colored, with much burning and 
painful in passing; urine pungent and fetid. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Great sexual excitement, especially 
in old men-; gleety discharges from the penis. 
"Dropsical swelling of the penis ; hydrocele."-Hg. 
"Oily, pungent-smelling sweat on the genitals."-Hg. 
Syphilitic erosions ; secondary and tertiary, with nightly bone- 
pains. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Much congestion of the sexual 
organs; menses too early, too profuse ; blood thick, in clots ; she 
fears nothing, and is well satisfied with herself."-G. 
Acrid, excoriating leucorrhoea. 
During pregnancy, has much congestion of blood to the head. 
Nipples very red, sore and cracked. 
Air-Passages.-Dryness of the larynx, with weak, hoarse 
voice ; breathing difficult; chest oppressed. 
Cough, dry, short and frequent. 
Dropsy of the chest; hydrothorax; pulse frequent, small, and 
often irregular; patient can not lie down ; dyspnoea. 
Upper Extremities.-Rheumatism, especially venereal; arms 
and shoulders are very lame and pain much. 
Hands very weak and feel numb; they burn much. ACIDUM FLUORIC UM. 
159 
For whitlow, use a solution of one-eighth of a grain to the 
ounce of water; apply with compress. This will abort many 
cases. 
Acute pricking pains in the ends of the fingers; nails grow 
with great rapidity. 
Lower Extremities.-Caries of the bones, with severe nightly 
bone-pains, and great prostration. 
Feet and hands excessively moist. 
Lameness in the back, hip, and legs. 
Synovitis of the knee-joint; much pain, followed by dropsy. 
Great anasarca, the oedema extends the whole length of the 
leg; in dropsy of the chest and abdomen. 
Feet hot and burn much. 
Varicose veins upon the legs, tend to ulceration. 
Corns inflamed and very sore. (Use lotion? Of great value.) 
Skin.-In secondary and tertiary syphilis, with squamous erup- 
tions on the skin; dry eruptions ; erosions, mucous tubercles, and 
elevated blotches ; skin sallow. 
Frequent inclination to small boils ; carbuncles. 
"Ulcers, discharge copious ; worse from warmth; better from 
cold. Old cicatrices become red around the edges; surrounded 
by itching vesicles ; itch violently."-Hg. 
Naevus, flat, and irritated. 
"Perspiration glutinous and sour."-Hughes. 
Bronchocele has been rapidly cured with this Acid. 
Many remarkable cures of goiter have been reported. 
The sweat promotes excoriation and decubitus; burning pains 
confined to small spots. 
Fever.-No chill, but much heat and sour perspiration; 
slightest motion produces nausea. 
Rheumatic fever, or gout, with sour, clammy, fetid sweat. 
Hectic fever, with sour sweat, emaciation and great debility. 
People that look prematurely old. 
Aggravation.-Morning; on rising from bed. 
i Amelioration.-From motion. 160 
ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. 
ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. 
Prussic Acid. 
Chemical preparation. Aqueous solution. 
Antidotes.-Atrop., Camph., Ammon., Coff., Nux vom., Verat. vir., Op., Alkaloids. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, this Acid has four 
special centers of action : 
I. Cerebro-Spinal System. Tonic Spasms; Motor Paralysis. 
II. Muscles. Life is Struck Down as if by Lightning. 
III. BlooT). Disorganized; Black and Uncoagulable. 
IV. Circ'n. Cardiac Ganglia Paralyzed; Vaso-Motor Paralysis. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-The action of this Acid upon the 
brain is intensely rapid and profound, perfectly resembling that 
of epilepsy, in which disease, we have contraction of the cerebral 
arteries from irritation of the cervical sympathetic, which is re- 
garded as the proximate cause of epilepsy. Consequently, we 
must believe that this drug, at least in part, acts through the 
same channel. But the most of its action is spent upon the cor- 
pora olivaria, medulla oblongata, and anterior portion of the 
spinal cord. Its action upon the pneumogastric nerve, and through 
this upon the lungs, heart, and stomach, is the most interesting 
and useful action of the drug. 
"The tonic spasms excited by this Acid are nowhere more 
marked than in the organs of respiration. This is the general 
testimony of all toxicologists. Spasmodic respiration is noted by 
all observers of acute poisoning; and Wood mentions, among the 
chronic effects of the vapor, 'difficult respiration, constriction of 
the throat, feeling of suffocation. The only marked post-mortem 
phenomenon,' he writes, 'is a universal venous congestion, prov- 
ing that the circulation has been arrested in the lungs.' 
"Prof. Preyer, of Jena, says that 'the lethal action of Prussic 
acid is due to embarrassment of the lungs and heart by its action 
on the terminal branches of the vagi in these organs. 
"I believe, with Kolliker, 'that it paralyzes, first the brain, 
next the cord, and then the motor nerves ; the paralysis extending 
from the trunk to the periphery. It paralyzes the heart, its action ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. 
161 
ceasing in diastole. The voluntary muscles soon lose their 
irritability and become stiff.' "-Hughes. 
Medulla Oblongata and Pneumogastric Nerve.-Dr. I. Jones, of 
Nashville, says that this Acid "acts primarily, directly, and chiefly 
upon the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord, and its ability 
to produce death, is dependent upon its action upon the medulla 
oblongata." 
According to Dr. Preyer, "during the three stages of Hydro- 
cyanic-acid poisoning [stage of asthma, stage of convulsions, 
stage of asphyxia], the respirations are lessened in frequency; 
said, during the latter moments of life, the efforts at breathing are 
very distant, and finally cease before the arrest of cardiac move- 
ments." These respiratory phenomena of Prussic-acid poisoning 
are in all probability due to an influence exerted directly upon the 
respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata, and not upon the 
peripheral ends of the vagi. 
Through the filaments of the vagi distributed to the stomach, 
we have nervous dyspepsia well marked, as shown by tenderness 
in the epigastrium, flatulence, severe gastralgia, nausea, but very 
seldom vomiting, pyrosis, with palpitation of heart and dyspncea. 
Spinal Cord.-"This Acid acts especially upon the anterior 
portion of the cord, as shown by general spasm of the muscular 
system, which is soon followed by debility of the muscles of ani- 
mal life, while the heart and thorax act more rapidly to compen- 
sate for their feebleness; but soon more or less general spasms 
set in, and death ends the scene. Sometimes the life of the mus- 
cular system is struck down as if by lightning. 
"The experiments of Kolliker are in agreement with those of 
Stannius, that the muscle dies very much more quickly in a solu- 
tion of this Acid than does the nerve, losing its excitability in from 
seven to eight minutes. This rapid destruction of muscular irri- 
tability by the local application of Prussic acid was first noted by 
Coullon in 1819. Yet. it is most probable, that, when given inter- 
nally, it acts almost as rapidly upon the nerve-trunks as upon the 
muscles; since Kolliker noted, that in some cases galvanization 
of the nerve was incapable of causing contractions in the tributary 
muscles, although the latter responded feebly to direct stimula- 
tion. This has been corroborated by Dr. Funk. It is a question 
of interest to decide as to the cause of the convulsions produced 
by this Acid. I have found that they do not occur after section 
of the cord in parts below the point of section, and that they are 
therefore cerebral in origin."-H. C. Wood. 162 
ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. 
Upon the peripheral sensory nerves, this Acid acts as a paraly- 
zant, destroying their functions. 
Blood.-This is in a dark fluid form and uncoagulable. Post- 
mortem appearances: "The venous system is gorged with dark- 
colored blood; the veins of the brain and spinal marrow, of the 
solid viscera of the abdomen, the lungs, as well as those empty- 
ing into the heart, and the right side of this organ itself, are dis- 
tended with blood."-Wood. 
Many think this drug acts mainly through the blood upon the 
cranio-spinal system, producing its lightning-like effects; but 
Lewisson has proved that the action of the poison upon the nerv- 
ous system is a direct one, and not due to changes in the blood; 
for the Acid acts as well upon the bloodless salt frog as upon 
the normal batrachian. 
Heart and Circulation.-Upon the heart, this Acid produces 
instantaneous diastolic arrest, which is either permanent or re- 
occurs after a few slow, feeble beats, followed by rapid action for 
a short time, and then slow, feeble pulsations. This is caused by 
the cardiac inhibitory apparatus being first stimulated, which is 
soon followed by paralysis. Preyer attributes very great impor- 
tance to the cardiac vagus in Prussic-acid poisoning, and, when 
the doses are not too large, attributes the whole of the symptoms 
to the changes in the innervation of the vagus; that is, to a tem- 
porary irritation or paresis of the inhibitory vagus. The absolute 
stoppage of the heart by large doses, is attributed to a direct pare- 
sis of the automatic nerve centers of the heart itself. The action 
of this Acid on the circulatory organs originates partly in the re- 
spiratory disturbance, and partly in a directly paralyzing effect of 
the poison on the vaso-motor nerves. 
Poisonous Effects.-In a dose, Prussic acid kills imme- 
diately, the victim frequently uttering a loud cry, and expiring 
from cardiac syncope. If the quantity taken be smaller, symp- 
toms of suffocation supervene from paralysis of the respiratory 
center, and, if the process be more gradual, from deficient supply 
of oxygen in the blood. Other symptoms noted are convulsions, 
great muscular prostration, dilatation of pupils, and quick, feeble, 
irregular pulse. If the poison be taken in a concentrated form, 
death may ensue very rapidly, in probably less than a minute. 
Guinea-pigs, after inhaling some of the gaseous Acid, die in 
from one to fifteen seconds; one died in one second, according to 
Preyer. ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. 
163 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Diseases of the cerebro-spinal system that come on with great 
suddenness and severity; mind depressed and very irritable. 
Sudden cerebral congestion, with profound coma ; preceded by 
vertigo, weight and great pain in the back of the head. 
Prolonged sleeplessness, or very heavy sleep; fear and great 
anxiety. 
Sudden supra-orbital neuralgia, with much flushing of the 
same side of the face. 
"Spasms when the muscles of the back, face, and jaws, are 
principally affected, and the body assumes a bluish tint."-G. 
Long fainting spells, with palpitation of the heart, and rapid, 
feeble pulse. Eyes sunken ; glossy; blindness. 
Digestive Organs.-Great sinking sensation at the epigas- 
trium. 
Fluid runs gurgling down the oesophagus. 
Intense gastrodynia, and enterodynia, with much flatulence. 
Here this remedy has been of untold value. In these cases the 
heart greatly sympathizes with the dyspeptic symptoms. 
Enteralgia, with distention of the abdomen. (Many cures.) 
Cholera, with marble coldness of the whole body, pulseless- 
ness, and rapid progress of the disease toward asphyxia. 
Involuntary stools, hiccough, and great prostration. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Gone or sinking sensation in the 
epigastrium, with frequent hot flashes, at the climacteric. 
Has acted well in hysteria, epileptic form. 
Uraemia, asphyctic form. 
Retention of urine in Asiatic cholera. 
Involuntary urination. 
Air-Passages.-Whooping-cough ; dry, spasmodic, suffoca- 
ting cough. (Has cut many cases short.) 
In nervous cough, with dyspnoea, it acts nicely, but never has 
made many cures of asthma; however, it has acted well where 
the minute bronchial tubes were chiefly involved, with puffy face 
and feeble action of the heart; or the heart's action may be 
violent. 
Skin.-Scarlatina or variola; eruption dark, livid color; 
rapid, feeble pulse, coma, and great prostration. 
Itching; formication ; erythema ; skin very pale. 
Aggravation.-Afternoon and evening. 
Amelioration.-Open air, and from coffee. 164 
ACIDUM MURIATICUM. 
ACIDUM MURIATICUM. 
Muriatic Acid. 
Chemical preparation. Aqueous solution. 
Antidotes.-Alkalies, Magnesia, Soap, Bland Drinks, Bry., Camph. 
Through the vegetative nervous system, Hydrochloric acid has four 
special centers of action: 
I. Mucous Membranes. Inflammation; Ulceration. 
II. Skin. Vesicular and Papular Eruptions. 
III. Blood. Septic Alkalinity; Diminished. 
IV. Glandular System. (Salivary.) Salivation. 
Mucous Membranes.-This Acid especially acts upon the 
mucous membranes of the gastro-intestinal tract, producing in- 
flammation, ulceration, and deposits of mucus like pseudo- 
membrane, with fungoid growths. 
The most of its action is spent upon the mouth and the anus; 
and these localities are the centers for its greatest therapeutic 
action. 
Skin.-Here Muriatic acid produces vesicular and papular 
eruptions, as well as putrid ulceration. 
Blood.-This Acid diffuses itself into the blood with more 
rapidity than any of the acids, rendering the alkaline blood acid, 
and producing a septic condition similar to that found in malig- 
nant asthenic fevers, with high temperature and great prostration 
of the vital forces. 
Glandular System.-This Acid acts upon the salivary glands, 
producing salivation, and on the glandular system of the intes- 
tinal tract. Their normal secretions are increased ; and massive 
doses produce congestion, inflammation, and destructive ulcera- 
tion, with chronic diarrhoea. 
Therapeutic Individ ual ity. 
Asthenic diseases, with moaning; unconsciousness ; irritable, 
fretful, peevish; disposed to anger, and great restlessness, ver- 
tigo ; a whirling sensation around in the head. ACIDUM MURIATICL'M. 
165 
Restless sleep, anxious dreams ; very sleepy; eyes closed from 
weakness. 
"Heavinessin occiput; sight obscured; glands swollen."-Hg. 
"Headache as if the brain were torn or beaten to pieces; 
worse on moving the eyes or sitting up; better from moderate 
exercise."-Hg. 
"Steady, sharp pain in the back part of the head, with a heavy 
feeling as if the occiput were filled with lead."-Hg. 
Heat on the top of the head; tearing in right parietal bone ; 
hair sore, as if it were standing on end. 
Ears.-Hardness of hearing, or over-sensitive to noise. In 
low, asthenic fevers. 
Eyes.-Muscular asthenopia; sharp burning pain from left 
to right eye, relieved by washing. Photophobia during day. 
Obscured sight; pupils contracted; pain in occiput. (Ty- 
phoids.) 
Nose.-Long-lasting nosebleed, in asthenic fevers and whoop- 
ing-cough ; fetid discharges; obstructions; acrid coryza; dis- 
charge of pus. 
Face.-Glowing red cheeks, with heat in the face; face sud- 
denly red with coma; scarlatina ; typhoid. 
Lower jaw hangs down, from debility, in asthenic fever. 
Mouth.-Gums swollen, bleeding, ulcerating; mouth as if 
glued up with insipid mucus ; much salivation. 
Taste acrid and putrid, like rotten eggs, with ptyalism. 
Aphthae, and fetid ulcerations of the mouth and throat. 
Mouth dry, tongue heavy and paralyzed; ulcers on the tongue, 
the patient can not move it at all, even if conscious. In its local 
use on the mouth, this Acid does wonders ; about specific in aph- 
thae and ulcerations. 
Inflamed, swollen, and tender salivary glands; ulcers in the 
mouth and throat that slough and extend together, with exces- 
sively fetid breath. 
"It is one of the few medicines which have a specific action on 
the tongue; it has been used successfully for many affections of 
that organ."-Hughes. 
"Mucous lining of throat and fauces deep, dark red, swollen, 
and burning; rawness and smarting; covered with grayish-white 
diphtheritic deposits; attempting to swallow produces violent 
choking spasms."-Hah. 166 
ACIDUM MURIATICUM. 
Anorexia, great thirst; putrid taste, or bulimia. 
Stomach.-Putrid eructations; nausea; vomiting; sensation 
of an empty, gone feeling, not relieved by eating. 
Atonic dyspepsia, with excessive formation of acid, manifested 
by eructations, pyrosis, heartburn, and ulcerative stomatitis. 
(Of great value in doses of from five to twenty drops of 2x before 
meals.) 
Abdomen.-Great distention of abdomen with gas, in indiges- 
tion, and low, asthenic typhoids. 
Stool.-Diarrhoea, dark, profuse, green, slimy, bloody, and 
often involuntary. Asthenic fevers. 
"Watery diarrhoea ; stools and urine involuntary."-G. 
"Diarrhoea with intolerable itching of the anus, which is 
sometimes so sore that it can not be touched."-G. 
"Varices of the anus, which are exceedingly sore to the touch; 
much prostration."- G. 
"Largely protruding piles; bluish, and extremely sensitive 
and painful."-G. 
"If the anus be very sensitive, either with or without haemor- 
rhoids, Muriatic acid is sure to be the right remedy."-G. 
"Exceeding tenderness of the anus; she can not bear the least 
touch, not even of the clothes."-G. 
"Can not bear the slightest touch upon the anus, which often 
itches violently, and is not relieved by scratching."-G. 
Urine.-Urine red, frequent, and scanty, in asthenic fevers. 
"Slow emission of urine; bladder weak; must wait a long 
time before urine will pass; has to press so that the anus pro- 
trudes; urine involuntary."-Hg. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Organs weak; impotency; watery, 
bloody gleet; much itching of the prepuce and scrotum. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early and too profuse. 
"Very sad and silent during menstruation, as if she would 
die."-G. 
"Menses too early and too profuse, with extremely sore 
haemorrhoids, which sometimes itch terribly."-G. 
■ Leucorrhoea, with exceeding soreness of the anus; either 
from piles or from fissure."-G. 
"Uterine ulceration; putrid discharges; very sensitive ; with 
stitches and pain in the vagina; attended with a great sense of 
weakness."-G. ACIDUM MURIATICUM. 
Fever.-Sighing, with great debility; sliding down in bed; 
attended with an intermittent pulse. 
"Febris stupida; constant sliding down in bed; groaning and 
moaning in sleep ; muttering and unconsciousness while awake." 
-Raue. [Puerperal fever.] 
A general state of paresis in low fevers where there is much 
putrescence of the fluids. More chill than heat. 
Great restlessness, in asthenic fever. 
"Scarlatina maligna; intense redness rapidly breaking out all 
over the body, with great restlessness, anxiety, and coma; dark 
bluish-red fauces."-Raue. 
Adapted to low, febrile condition of the blood; with ulcera- 
tions of mucous membranes, and fetid breath, and deep nervous 
exhaustion, in obstinate secondary syphilis, where the digestive 
nutritive functions are feeble and Mercury can not be borne. 
Air-Passages.-Larynx sore, inflamed; dyspnoea; tickling in 
the chest, with dry, spasmodic cough; burning pain in chest. 
Deep, sighing respiration, with much groaning. 
Burning, bursting pain in chest, as if beaten. 
Skin.-Painful, putrid ulcers; burn at circumference. 
Blood-boils; black pocks ; petechiae ; skin purple. 
Malignant eruptive fevers ; eruptions spread rapidly. 
Copious night sweats. 
Back.-Pressing, drawing, tired pain in lumbar region. 
Has much pain in the os coccyx. 
Bed-sores in low fevers, that burn much. 
Upper Limbs.-Heaviness of the arms ; numbness, coldness, 
and deadness of the fingers; the tips swell and burn much, with 
itching, hot palms. 
Lower Limbs.-Great weakness of the legs ; fevers. 
(Edematous swelling of lower limbs, with shooting pains. 
Cold, blue feet, in asthenic diseases. 
"Chilblains (the Acid in rum applied externally); swelling, 
redness, and burning of the tips of the toes."-Tig. 
Tearing pains in all the limbs during rest, better from mo- 
tion : all the joints feel as if bruised."-Hg. 
Great debility, eyes close; lower jaw hangs down; he slides 
down in bed ; in asthenic fevers. 
Paralysis of one side; tongue and sphincter ani. 
167 ACIDUM NITRICUM. 
168 
Patient very sensitive to stormy, damp weather. 
Aggravation.-Forenoon; open, cold air; stormy, damp, 
windy weather, and from exertion. 
Amelioration.-Warmth; lying down, and evening. 
ACIDUM NITRICUM. 
Nitric Acid. 
Chemical preparation. One part of Acid to three of distilled water. 
Antidotes.-Alkalies, Magnesia, Sodium, Hep., Merc., Mez., lod.. Sulph. 
Through the organic nervous system, Nitric acid has four special 
centers of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. Inflammation; Destructive 
II. Glandular System. Congestion; Inflam.; Fetid Discharges.. 
III. Skin. Pustular Ulceration; Fungoid Growths; Perspiration.. 
IV. Blood. Broken-down, Septic Condition. 
Mucous Membranes.-Most of the action of Nitric acid is 
spent upon the muco-cutaneous outlets of the body, where the 
mucous membranes are prominently exposed to the air (inoiith 
and anus), producing inflammation and ulceration. "Its ptyalism 
and gingivitis suggest its Mercury-like affinity for the mouth, 
which is very strong; it antidotes its analogue here, and cures 
ulceration of the buccal mucous membrane. The same may be 
said of it as regards the throat. Then, leaping over the inter- 
mediate digestive tract, it exhibits a singular power over the rec- 
tum and anus. It has cured prolapsus, fistula, and even fissure. 
In the respiratory tract, it controls the ocular, nasal, and laryn- 
geal mucous membranes."-R. Hughes, M. D. 
In a fatal case of poisoning lasting eight days, "the usual 
lesions were found in the mouth, fauces, oesophagus, and stom- 
ach ; but, although the small intestines were sound, the colon 
was intensely and deeply ulcerated. There had been complete 
suppression of urine. Medicinal doses produce a white coating 
on the tongue, and dryness of the mouth; after a few days the 
teeth begin to grow loose, and gums to bleed. At the same time ACIDUM NITRICUM. 
169 
the How of urine increases. Its longer employment occasions 
dyspepsia, colic, foul breath, headache, feverishness, debility, and 
constipation or diarrhoea."-Stille. 
Dr. Ringer thinks that the alkaline bile and pancreatic juice 
neutralize the action of this Acid upon the small intestines ; but, 
by the time the large intestine is reached, the alkali is neutral- 
ized, and then the colon is most powerfully affected. 
The mucous membranes of the kidneys are also more or less 
acted upon by Nitric acid, as shown by the profuse, offensive 
urine, or entire suppression. 
Lymphatic Glandular System.-It affects more especially 
the salivary glands and liver, exerting a specific action upon the 
salivary glands, producing ptyalism, or salivation; the teeth be- 
come loose, and the gums bleed from the least touch, with great 
fetor of the breath. This fetid breath, we believe, is produced by 
its action upon the lymphatic glandular system; as the lym- 
phatics are found in the lungs, in immense quantities; and, their 
secretions being degenerated, the breath, passing over these per- 
verted secretions, can not but become fetid. 
Liver.-This Acid has a prominent action upon the liver, 
producing great and long-lasting congestion, hypertrophy, and 
jaundice. Dr. Rutherford has proved it to be a powerful hepatic 
stimulant. 
Skin.-Pustular eruption, or rapid, destructive ulceration, 
tending to fungoid growths, condylomata, and sycosis. 
Its local effect upon the skin is very diffusive and powerful, 
penetrating readily and deeply beneath the surface, with a con- 
tinuous destructive action. This caustic power is often useful to 
the surgeon, in the removal of warts, condylomata, and phage- 
daena, especially syphilitic, etc. 
Blood.-The vitality of the blood is destroyed, and a septic 
state produced, with a general broken-down, cachectic condition. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Diseases depending upon the presence of syphilitic, scrofulous, 
or Mercurial poison. 
Syphilitic ulceration of mucous surfaces, with tendency to 
rapid destruction of tissue, irregular in shape, discharges very 
offensive. If in the nostrils, hard plugs form in the nares, hard 
to detach, and leaving a raw sore. 170 
ACIDUM NITRICUM. 
Secondary affections of syphilis, in broken-down, cachectic 
constitutions, accompanied with emaciation, debility, caries of 
bones; unhealthy ulcers upon the skin, hypertrophy of the liver, 
and great derangement of the nervous system, with hateful, vin- 
dictive people. 
"In syphilis, its particular sphere is the mucous patches, mu- 
cous tubercles, and general weakness of the constitution, denoting 
that the system has been poisoned by Mercury, or shattered by 
the disease itself."-Prof. Franklin. 
"Easily bleeding ulcers, look like raw flesh, with zigzag edges, 
and exuberant granulations on the base."-G. 
Herpes; condylomata, tubercles, ulcers, and syphilitic erup- 
tions, with sore, prickling, itching pains, especially soft chancres. 
Syphilitic eruptions of the skin, in the advanced stage, with 
superficial ulcers, and pains in the bones. 
"Small syphilitic warts and condylomata, kept constantly 
moist with a wash of diluted Nitric acid, are removed certainly 
and painlessly. A drachm or two to a pint of water."-Ringer. 
Excessive prostration, especially in old people, with diarrhoea, 
and who sleep badly. 
"Affections occurring after typhoid fever, especially if treated 
with Calomel."-F. 
Mind.-Sadness, despondency, and great fear of death, with a 
sensation of extreme weakness, even to trembling. 
Irritable, peevish, vexed at trifles; inclined to weep; loss of 
memory. 
Congestion to the head, with morning vertigo ; must lie down. 
"Vertigo not only when stooping, and compelling to lie down, 
but in the evening after lying down, and early mornings."-D. 
"Often anxious about his own illness; constantly thinking 
about his past troubles ; mind weakened and wanders."-D. 
Sleep very restless ; frightful dreams ; nightmare. 
Head.-Headache aggravated by motion and succus'sion; head 
feels full, or as if it wrere tightly bound up in a vise. 
Violent throbbing headache, coming on gradually toward 
morning, and going off after breakfast. 
"Externally the head is sensitive as if contused, either all over 
or in certain spots pressed upon by hat or when lying down."-D. 
"Pain in skull, as if constricted by a tape, worse evening and at 
night; better from cold air and when riding in a carriage."-Tig. 
Hair falls off from congestion of blood to the scalp, from 
syphilis. Humid eruptions; inflammatory swellings; caries of the bones. 
Ears.-Otorrhoea ; discharges of very offensive pus ; cracking 
in ears, when masticating; Eustachian tubes obstructed; hard- 
ness of hearing, from abuse of Mercury; syphilis; caries of the 
mastoid process ; auditory canal closed. 
"Glandular swelling behind and below the ear, from which 
stitching pains extend into the ear; stitching pain in the interna] 
ear and in the maxillary articulation."-D. 
Eye.-Of great value in diseases of the eye, resulting from 
abuse of Mercury, and .especially if from syphilis. Lids swollen, 
smart and burn much ; conjunctiva inflamed ; lachrymation, and 
agglutination of the lids; stitches in the eyes ; condylomata that 
suppurate and bleed easily when touched. Gonorrhoeal ophthal- 
mia ; conjunctiva very hyperaemic and chemosed; cornea dim; 
great photophobia ; constant lachrymation and copious secretion 
of yellow pus, with excessive burning pains at night. (Locally and 
internally.) Syphilitic iritis, and opacities. 
"Eyelashes of right side all point stiffly toward the nose."-G. 
Nose.-Syphilitic ozaena, with discharge of offensive yellow 
mucus and pus ; frequent epistaxis ; dry coryza ; throat dry. 
"Green casts every morning from the nares."-Hg. 
Condylomata on and in nostrils, bleeding on slight touch. 
Swelling of the infra-maxillary glands; face yellow, or pale. 
Mouth.-Margin of mouth covered with sores and blisters; 
lips dry, swollen, cracked; corners ulcerated. 
Cadaverous smell from mouth; saliva acrid, makes lips sore. 
Tongue red like a beet; ulceration of tongue; dry tongue; 
much fissured, so sensitive mildest food irritates; vesicles on 
tongue burn much. 
Salivation and spreading ulcers in the mouth and throat, with 
foul breath; from abuse of Mercury; especially in secondary 
syphilis. 
Swelling of the parotid and submaxillary glands, with loose 
teeth and bleeding gums, a*ter abuse of Mercury. 
Mouth full of putrid ulcers ; bloody saliva, or mouth dry, with 
extremely fetid breath; ulcerations of the tongue, etc. Sore 
throat extending up into the nose; discharges profuse, thin, 
purulent matter, with intermittent breathing. 
"Much nausea and gastric trouble, relieved by moving about, 
or riding in a carriage."-G. 
ACIDUM NITRICUM. 
171 172 
ACIDUM N1TRICUM. 
Constant nausea, with heat in the throat; violent thirst. 
"Fat food causes nausea and acidity."-G. 
Digestion retarded; sour eructations of half-digested food; 
most symptoms occur after eating and at night; attended by 
much flatulence and copious perspiration. 
Liver.-Jaundice, with aching in region of liver. Zagli has re- 
ported over fifty cases of jaundice cured with this Acid. The 
liver is enlarged from malaria, syphilis, or cirrhosis, with long- 
lasting congestion; ascites. 
Stool.-Diarrhoea, stools green, curdled, and mixed with mu- 
cus, accompanied by much straining, especially if chronic; tym- 
panitis. 
In chronic diarrhoea, but few remedies can equal this. 
Borborygmus, as if a boiler was working within the bowels; 
stools of mucus, or watery, with great prostration. 
"Diarrhoea, great pain during and after stool, as though the 
anus was fissured."-G. 
"Inclination to looseness of the bowels, with most violent cut- 
ting pain after stool, lasting for hours."-G. 
Acute pain in the abdomen during stool, worse in the mornings. 
Stools bloody, brown, and slimy, with great exhaustion. 
"The patient is worse after twelve at night; violent cramp-like 
pains as if abdomen would burst, with constant eructations."-G. 
"Old haemorrhoidal tumors, secreting much slime, and bleed- 
profusely after stool."-G. 
Fissures of the anus, with proctalgia: pain in the rectum, as 
if being torn, or spasmodic contractions of the anus many hours 
after stool. 
Feeling as if sharp sticks were being pressed into the anus, on 
the slightest touch; sticking pains are very characteristic. 
"Smarting more in the rectum than in the anus, immediately 
after stool, and continuing two or three hours ; sometimes prolap- 
sus ani or discharge of blood accompanies these symptoms."-G. 
Prolapsus ani, with much pain and smarting in the rectum 
and anus. 
"Typhoid fever, with hemorrhages; great sensitiveness of 
the abdomen; green, slimy, acrid diarrhoea, with tenesmus."- 
Hughes. 
Haemorrhoids and condylomata. It is an excellent remedy in 
piles with constipation, and great sensitiveness of the anus. 
Urinary Organs.-Extremely offensive urine is its greatest 
key-note, and it is often filled with mucus, pus, and blood. ACIDUM NITRICUM. 
173 
"The urine has an intolerably strong smell, like that of 
horses."-G. 
"Active haematuria; urging after micturition, with shuddering 
along the spine."-G. [Urine often feels cold when being voided.] 
"Small blisters on the orifice of the urethra and inner surface 
of the prepuce, forming chancre-like ulcers."-G. 
Incontinence of urine in old people broken down with syphilis. 
"Injections of Nitric acid, sufficiently diluted, have been em- 
ployed with success by some eminent surgeons, and found to be a 
complete solvent for phosphatic calculi."-Kinger. 
Albuminuria, especially in those that have had syphilis and 
have taken much Mercury; it is accompanied by excessive pros- 
tration. 
In diabetes mellitus, it has often acted well. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Loss of sexual desire; no erections. 
Increased sexual desire ; urethra inflamed ; painful to pressure ; 
discharges mucus, blood, and pus, with much itching of the 
prepuce. 
Balanitis and fig-warts after abuse of Mercury; gonorrhoea, 
discharge of bloody mucus; painful urination, chronic form. 
Chancres after Mercury, especially with granulations, condy- 
lomata, deep ulcers, with ragged edges; bleed easily; secondary 
syphilis ; brown-red spots ; peeling off on discharging. 
"Hard, brown nodules on scrotum ; suppurating."-Hg. 
Falling-off of the hair from the genitals, after syphilis. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Flesh-colored, brown or greenish 
leucorrhoea, with a feeling as if everything would press out of the 
vulva. 
"Profuse brown, offensive discharge, between the irregular 
menstruations ; cancer uteri; excrescences on cervix."-Hg. 
Great itching of the vagina after coitus, stitches in the vagina 
when walking; vulva swollen and burns much. 
"Menses too early, too profuse, and often irregular, with a feel- 
ing as if everything would press out of the vulva; pain in back, 
hips, and thighs."-G. 
Leucorrhoea of stringy mucus, the inguinal glands are swol- 
len, where syphilis is at the base of it, with stitches in the vagina; 
ulceration of the uterus. 
Uterine hemorrhage from over - exertion; or uterine excres- 
cences. Metrorrhagia after abortion or confinement. 
Mamma.-Atrophy of mammae, with hard nodes. 174 
ACIDUM NITRICUM. 
Respiratory Organs.--Chronic dry laryngeal cough, with a 
stinging sensation, as if small ulcers were in the larynx. 
Dry, violent cough, with great debility; the patient sad and 
gloomy 
Whooping-cough, where it is dry and violent; will shorten 
many cases. 
Cough, with general physical depression, loss of flesh; sleep- 
lessness ; fever; thirst; night sweats; dry paroxysmal retching, 
or emphysema, with muco-purulent expectoration. 
Excessively hard, dry, racking cough, with complete ptosis of 
both eyes, resulting from the hard coughing. 
Congestion of the chest, with heat, anxiety, and palpitation of 
the heart. 
Neck and Back.-The cervical and axillary glands swollen. 
Neck stiff and sore from the least cold; stitches between the 
shoulders; neuralgia of the back, syphilitic rheumatism 
Upper Limbs.-Aching and sticking pains; syphilitic rheu- 
matism of the arms and fingers ; joints much swollen. 
Warts on hands; herpes between fingers; fingers feel numb. 
Lower Limbs.-Often has cramps in the calves and soles of 
the feet at night. 
"Tearing pains in the limbs at night; so weak obliged to lie 
down; pains come suddenly and leave suddenly."-Hah. 
Sticking pains as from splinters, especially on touch. 
"Offensive, profuse perspiration on feet, causing soreness, with 
sticking pains as if from walking on pins."-Hah. 
Chilblains. (Locally and internally.) 
Syphilitic nodes upon shin bones, with severe nightly pains. 
Skin.-All kinds of syphilitic eruptions; skin generally un- 
healthy ; tendency to ulceration ; pains sticking like pins. 
Foul-smelling perspiration of the feet, in weak, cachectic con- 
stitutions, the blood greatly impoverished; skin dry and scaly; 
syphilitic eruptions upon the skin; dark, dirty skin. Post-scar- 
latinal dropsy, with fetid breath ; fetid discharges from the ears ; 
fetid urine, and putrid condition of the whole body. Colliqua- 
tive night sweats, with much emaciation. 
Caries of the bones, sloughing, phagedsena, and gangrene. 
Fever.-Intermittent fever. In India, eighty cases were 
cured out of ninety treated, seventy-five quotidian and fifteen 
tertian type. In sixty-three cases in this country, there was a like ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. 
175 
degree of success. Dose, ten drops, properly diluted, three times 
a day. Acts better in long-lasting chronic cases, where the liver 
is involved and the patient's blood is anaemic, with a general 
cachectic condition. 
It is also useful in typhoid and remittent fevers. 
There is much chilliness and long-lasting fever, and copious 
sweats. 
People that are lean, with black hair and complexion, and 
take cold easily. 
Aggravation.-Evenings and latter part of night; warm 
room. 
Amelioration.-While riding in a carriage; and cold weather. 
ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. 
Phosphoric Acid. 
Chemical preparation. Aqueous solution. 
Antidotes.-Alkalies, Ferrum, Nuxvom., Coffea, Camphor, China. 
Through the organic nervous system, Phosphoric acid has five 
special centers of action : 
I. Cerebro-Spinal System. Prostration, from Loss of Nutrition. 
II. Digestive Organs. Atony of the whole Apparatus. 
III. Blood. Ancemia. Passive Hemorrhages. 
IV. Skin. Condylomata. Septic Ulceration. 
V. Bones. Rachitis and Caries. 
Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.-From lack of nutrition, 
this Acid produces complete prostration of all the nerves of animal 
life, especially those of the sexual organs of man. It has no rela- 
tion to the inflammatory states; but simple debility and relaxa- 
tion, even to impotence, with feeble emissions, and dragging pains 
in the testicles. 
Digestive Organs.-Phosphoric acid produces a general 
atonic condition of the gastro-intestinal canal; the gastric glands 
secrete an excess of acid, manifested by acid eructations, pyrosis, 176 
ACIDUM PHOSPHORICL'M. 
heartburn, and excessive flatulence. This excess of acid in the 
bowels produces colliquative diarrhoea. On the liver, it produces 
portal congestion, and upon the kidneys we have renal congestion, 
profuse urination, and all the symptoms of diabetes mellitus. 
Saccharine urine is a marked symptom of Phosphoric acid; and it 
has made many cures of glycosuria. 
Blood.-The blood becomes dark colored, unoxygenated, with 
passive hemorrhages. 
Skin.-Condylomata; ulcers like carbuncles; dry herpes, and 
copper-colored jskin. 
Bones.-Phosphoric acid produces rachitis; caries, but not 
necrosis ; periosteal inflammation, with tearing pains. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
The great sphere for Phosphoric acid is in debility of the 
nerves of animal life, from seminal loss, profuse perspiration, 
leucorrhcea, or excessive grief. 
"Suited to individuals of originally strong constitutions, but 
who have become weakened by losses of animal fluids, by excesses, 
violent acute diseases, chagrin, or a long succession of moral 
emotions."-Teste. 
"The chief sphere of this Acid is the nervous system, when in 
a state of debility without erethism. When we find the brain or 
cord, sight or hearing, thus affected, as from continued grief, 
over-exertion, sexual excesses, or drain on the system, or remain- 
ing after typhus or typhoids, this Acid is an invaluable remedy, 
well deserving the name of tonic. It is to nervous debility what 
Iron is to anaemia; and its main and chief curative sphere is in 
the renal and male sexual organs."-Hughes. 
"Weakness in the spine and spinal nerves, giving rise to great 
fatigue on exertion, and frequent inclination to urinate, especially 
in the morning."-Dr. Bayes. 
Very weak, listless, indifferent, apathetic; atonic debility, com- 
plete indifference to everything. 
Cold, clammy sweats, or profuse night sweats. 
Chronic congestion to the head, with pain in the nape of the 
neck and occiput, from excessive grief. 
"Is very weak, and indifferent to the affairs of life."-G. 
This listless, apathetic, and remarkable indifference to every- 
thing in life, especially if there is emaciation and debility, is a ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. 
177 
marked key for the use of this Acid. Chronic effects of grief, 
chagrin, care, and disappointed love. 
Cerebral weakness from brain fag; hypochondria, from sexual 
abuse. 
"Dreadful pain on the top of the head, as though the brain 
were crushed, after long-continued grief."-G. 
"Hysterical affections of young women, with irritable fiber, 
accompanied with extreme delicacy and sponginess of the organic 
tissue; vascular orgasm, or atonic debility."-G. 
Mouth.-"Gluey matter on the tongue, in choleraic dis- 
eases."-G. 
Tongue pale and flabby. Bread tastes bitter; red streak in 
middle of tongue; bites sides of the tongue involuntarily. 
"Mercurial syphilitic ulceration of the lips, gums, and soft 
palate, with swelling of the bones ; condylomata."-Hempel. 
Stomach. - Nausea as if in the soft palate; unquenchable 
thirst. Sensation as if the stomach were being balanced up and 
down ; acid eructations ; loss of appetite ; longs for juicy food. 
" Clammy, sticky tongue ; abdomen much bloated; great rum- 
bling in the bowels, and painless, watery diarrhoea; cholera epi- 
demics. "-Raue. 
Meteoristic distention of the abdomen. 
Stools.-"Often specific in the diarrhoea which precedes chol- 
era. "-F. 
"Copious, watery diarrhoea, with rumbling in bowels."-Raue. 
"Stools yellowish, and very offensive; the child is very list- 
less ; wants nothing and cares for nothing."-G. 
"The diarrhoea, although of long continuance, does not seem 
to debilitate much; the mother wonders that the child remains so 
strong with it all."-G. 
Diarrhoea ; stools undigested and painless. 
For white, watery diarrhoea, without pain, this is one of the 
most useful remedies we have. 
Urinary Organs.-"Urine like milk, mixed with jelly-like 
blood pieces, with pain in the kidneys."-Hempel. 
"She must rise often at night in order to void large quantities 
of colorless urine."-G. [Diabetes.] 
"Phosphatic deposits, when these depend upon excess of Phos- 
phoric acid, from waste of nervous tissue, or upon alkalinity of 
the urine, from nervous dyspepsia."-Hughes. 178 
ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. 
In diabetes of nervous origin, not only in the insipid form,, 
but in chronic diseases, this Acid has made many cures ; and it is. 
in this disease Phosphoric acid has won its greatest laurels. 
Albuminuria is well covered by Phosphoric acid; and it has 
done good work in this disease. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Bad effects from onanism and sex- 
ual excesses ; great despondency; great debility; loss of memory; 
and copious, clammy night sweats. 
"Impotency, especially when the sensibility of the part is 
excessive, and the semen is discharged shortly after an erection, 
or before an erection."-Lippe. 
In spermatorrhoea this is probably the most useful remedy in 
the Materia Medica. "It is probably through the nervous centers 
that it effects the male sexual organs, on which its influence is 
very powerful."-Hughes. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Too early and too long menstru- 
ation, with pain in the liver; has to rise frequently at night to 
void large quantities of urine."-G. 
"Pain universally in the liver, during menstruation."-G. 
"Profuse leucorrhoea, especially after the menses, with much 
itching."-G. 
"Uterine ulcer; has a copious, putrid, bloody discharge, with 
much itching."-G. 
"Meteoristic distention of the uterus."-G. [Very irritable 
uterus ,j 
"Metritis; great debility; indifferent, and slow fever."-G. 
"Scanty milk ; debility and great apathy."-G. 
Generalities.-In diseases of the bones, caries and rachitis, 
it has often cured. In purpura and passive hemorrhages, it has 
made brilliant cures. In low nervous fevers (milder forms), this 
Acid has been of service. Intermittents, with great apathy and 
night sweats. 
Aggravation.-From loss of animal fluids; mental work; at 
rest; at night; warm food, and cold, dry weather. 
Amelioration.-Motion, warmth, and wet weather. ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 
179 
ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 
Salicylic Acid. 
Chemical preparation. Trituration. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Salicylic acid has six 
special centers pf action : 
I. Cerebro-Spinal System. Motor Paralysis; Anesthesia. 
II. Mucous Membs. Catarrhal and Pustular Inflammation. 
ITT. Ur. Organs. Albuminuria, Hcematuria, Diabetes, Diuresis. 
IV. Circ'n. Paso-Motor Spasm; Heart Weakened; Temp. Reduced. 
V. Eyes. Mydriasis, Amaurosis, Rheumatic Plastic Iritis. 
VI. Ears. Complete Deafness from Auditory Nerve Paralysis. 
Brain and Spinal Cord.-The cerebro-spinal system is the 
grand center for the action of Salicylic acid, especially affecting 
the cerebellum, auditory nerve, and pneumogastric. In full doses, 
fifteen to fifty grains, Dr. Ringer says, the aspect of the patient 
is characteristic, being in many respects similar to that of a 
person suffering from Cinchonism. The expression is dull and 
heavy; the face quickly flushes on slight excitement; and the 
eyes become suffused. The flush, of a dusky hue, suffuses itself 
uniformly over the whole face. The patient is made more or less 
deaf, and often complains of noise in the ears; there is frontal 
headache; the hands when held out, tremble a little; and the 
breathing is quickened and deepened. In some cases, one symp- 
tom may predominate. Thus, deafness may be almost complete, 
without headache or muscular trembling; but it rarely, if ever, 
happens that any one symptom is unaccompanied with the dull, 
heavy aspect and the readiness to Hush. 
Under toxic, but not dangerous doses, the headache is often 
very severe, so that the patient buries his head in the pillow. 
There may be very marked muscular weakness and tremor, asso- 
ciated with great muscular irritability, so that a slight tap, say on 
the shoulder, causes muscular contractions so strong as to jerk 
the arm backward. There are often slight spasmodic twitchings 
when a limb is raised. There is tingling of the extremities, or other 180 
ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 
parts of the body. The voice may become thick and husky; 
the respiration hurried, sometimes deepened, sometimes sighing, 
shallow and almost panting, as though performed laboriously; 
but the patient does not complain of any difficulty in breath- 
ing. The costal, as well as tbe diaphragmatic, muscles are 
involved. In poisoning, Dr. Wood says: " There are ptosis, 
deafness, strabismus, mydriasis, and disturbance of respiration, 
excessive restlessness, passing into delirium, a slow, laboring 
pulse, olive-green urine, and involuntary stools." In some cases, 
the temperature has remained about normal, but in others has 
approached that of collapse. The quickened, deepened, sighing 
respiration is characteristic. Sweating is very free, and the urine 
easily becomes albuminous. 
This Acid is a powerful antaphrodisiac. Serious depression of 
sexual power has been caused in several cases where it has been 
given for rheumatism. 
Eyes.-It has produced complete amaurosis. The pupils 
were widely dilated, and the sclerotica and cornea on each side 
highly sensitive. This lasted ten hours, but left no permanent im- 
pairment of sight. 
Auditory Nerve.-The action upon this nerve is specific and 
most profound, as shown by the numerous sounds in the ears and 
complete deafness. In toxic doses, complete deafness has been 
produced that lasted seven days at a time. Dr. D. Brown has 
cured several cases of auditory nerve vertigo with the 8d decimal. 
$pjne>-[ts action upon the spinal nerves, especially the mo- 
tor, is very marked; it also acts upon the nerves of sensation, as 
shown by the tingling, like pins and needles, in various parts of 
the body, especially in the legs and ankles, with cutaneous anaes- 
thesia ; but its action on the anterior part of the cord, and, through 
this, on the muscular system, is profound, as shown by muscular 
weakness, with twitching and trembling of the arms and legs. The 
great muscular irritability soon passes into complete paralysis 
for a short time ; and in animals violent convulsions have often 
been produced. 
Pneumogastric Nerve.-This Acid acts prominently upon the 
vagi, and through them upon the lungs and stomach, as shown by 
the deepened, sighing, panting, laborious breathing. In animals, 
the dyspnoea is most violent, followed by general convulsions. ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 
181 
Stomach.-Upon the stomach, its action is not so powerful; 
but large doses produce much irritation of the gastro-intestinal 
mucous membrane, with nausea and vomiting. 
In a dog, it produced catarrh with sanguineous effusion, and 
ulceration of the stomach; and twelve grammes produced ulcera- 
tion of the stomach in two patients. 
Stool.-It produces very rarely diarrhcea; but, in toxic doses, 
it does produce involuntary stools. 
Heart.-In its action upon the circulation, Danewsky found, 
that the arterial pressure was at first increased, partly on 
account of an increase in the force and energy of the cardiac 
beat, but chiefly as the result of excitation of the vaso-motor 
center. Vaso-motor spasm was shown to be the main factor 
in the rise of the blood-pressure, by the inability of the drug 
to increase the arterial pressure after section of the cord. The 
action of the heart was seemingly direct. The arterial pressure 
slowly fell during the latter stages of poisoning, the heart-stroke 
becoming weaker and weaker, and finally being extinguished. 
Large doses quicken the pulse to 140 per minute, and it becomes 
excessively weak. 
Temperature.-Especial pains have been taken by the old 
school, to find out what effect this Acid has upon the tempera- 
ture ; and the conclusion arrived at by all, is that Salicine and 
Salicylic acid depress the normal temperature but slightly, and in 
some the- temperature rises fully one degree. But the influence 
exerted on the febrile temperature, reducing it to the normal 
standard, is most prompt and marked. Dr. Ringer says: "There 
is no better attested fact than the power of Salicylic acid and Sal- 
icylate of Soda to promptly and considerably reduce an elevated 
temperature." 
Dr. Ringer has made some experiments with Mr. Morehead 
to ascertain the relative power of Quinia, Salicylic acid and Sal- 
icine on the febrile temperature, and found, that, dose for dose, 
Quinia is far more potent than Salicylic acid, and Salicylic acid 
than Salicine. 
Dr. Riess has investigated the action of the Salicylates on the 
healthy temperature in twenty-three experiments on seven healthy 
persons, and obtained, in from four to six hours, a constant re- 
duction of about 1° F. He finds that the same dose produces a 
greater fall in the febrile than the healthy temperature. 182 
ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 
"The first effect of a single antipyretic dose in fever is usually 
a profuse sweat, which may appear in fifteen minutes after the 
ingestion of the remedy. Very shortly after this, the temperature 
begins to fall; and, according to Justi, the depression reaches its 
maximum in about six hours. The sweating is profuse and ex- 
hausting, amounting, according to Ewald, not rarely to seven hun- 
dred and fifty grammes. The perspiration can scarcely be the 
only factor in the reduction of temperature, as there appears to 
be no relation between its amount and the degree of the fall, and 
it usually ceases before the latter reaches its maximum. The fall 
of the temperature lessens the pulse-rate and cardiac beat."- 
J Uood. 
Kidneys.-Salicylic acid escapes from the body chiefly through 
the kidneys. "It appears in the urine very soon after its inges- 
tion, but its elimination proceeds slowly. Thus, in a case of exstro- 
phy of the bladder, it was detected in the urine dripping from the 
ureters eight and a half minutes after its ingestion ; and it has been 
found in the urine eight days after the exhibition of the last dose. 
The green color of the urine, characteristic of the free use of Sali- 
cylic acid, appears to be due to an increase in the formation of in- 
dican (S. Woolfberg), or else to pyrocatechine. The urine itself 
is often augmented in quantity, but frequently diminished. It 
not rarely contains albumen, evidently the product of a local 
irritation (congestion) of the kidneys. A case has been reported 
where the irritation was so great as to cause haematuria."-Wood. 
Dr. Weber has seen the Acid cause acute nephritis with bloody 
albuminous urine containing casts, this effect following three 
moderate doses and lasting sixty hours after the last dose. Other 
observers refer to similar effects with this Acid, in some cases the 
urine being almost suppressed. It also produces involuntary 
evacuation of the urine from paralysis of the sphincter vesicae. 
It is ordinarily diuretic, the quantity of urine reaching 2,400 to 
2,500 grammes. But this is not constant. According to Gubler, the 
Acid would diminish the excretion where there is an inflammatory 
condition of the kidney, but would augment it when the kidney is 
healthy. 
Therapeutic Individuality 
Rheumatism.-Salicylic acid, and especially Salicylate of 
Soda, lias the unanimous verdict of the Allopathic profession, as 
being an absolute specific for rheumatic fever, as far as a rem- ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 
183 
«dy can be a specific for any one disease. It will prove as success- 
ful for rheumatic fever as Quinine does for intermittent fever; 
that is, it will not cure all cases, but will a large majority. Dr. 
Maclagan, of Dundee, has the honor of first using this Acid and 
Salicine in rheumatism, and giving it to the profession. His 
name will be numbered among the angels, for the great blessings 
conferred upon mankind by his work. 
Dr. C. W. Brown, late house physician at the Boston City 
Hospital, has given us a most valuable and extensive investiga- 
tion into the action of Salicylic acid on rheumatic fever. He 
records 160 cases, taken indifferently, the patients being of both 
sexes, and of all ages between eleven and sixty-one. 
"The drug gave considerable relief from pain, on an average in 
1.46 days, and complete relief in 2.8 days. The average time of 
treatment was six days, and the average number of days in the 
hospital was eighteen. Two cases died; one from pericarditis, 
and one from cerebral complications. Eighteen cases had a 
relapse, three had two, and one had five, while in the hospital. 
There were very few cases in which there were not occasional 
pains for a time after the omission of the Acid. Nausea and 
vomiting occurred in 18.8 per cent, burning in the stomach in 
one case, headache in six, singing in the ears in nineteen, and 
deafness in ten ; numbness and prickling of the affected parts in 
three ; delirium in three. 
"The patients, as a rule, took ten grains of the Acid hourly for 
twelve or thirty-six hours, when the symptoms were wholly or 
partly relieved; and then it was omitted or given every two or three 
hours."-Binger. 
Dr. Gillespie, of Sterling, HL, has collated and given us a val- 
uable resume of rheumatism treated with this Acid and the Soda, 
in the Chicago Medical Journal and Examiner, August, 1878: 
Number of patients, 200; average time sick, in days, 13.5 ; average 
time pain relieved, in days, 2.8; average time taken to reduce 
temperature, in hours, 30. 
Dr. Jacob gives, as a result of its use in 150 cases of acute 
rheumatism, the recovery of 103 within three days. And Dr. 
Broadbent says : "I have yet to see a case of genuine rheumatism 
without complication, in which the pain is not entirely gone and 
the temperature normal after six consecutive doses of twenty 
grains, at intervals of two hours, on two successive days." 
In one hundred and eighty-one cases of rheumatism collected 
by military authorities, and treated with Salicylic acid, the remedy 
failed in but seven cases. As to the dose, Dr. Ringer gives ten 184 
ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 
grains hourly until the temperature is reduced. Some patients 
require more ; and, if in twenty-four hours this dose has not modi- 
fied the disease, or produced its characteristic symptoms, increase 
it to fifteen or twenty grains hourly. 
M. See, of Paris, believes one drachm and a half to two and 
a half should be taken daily of the Salicylate of Soda, which 
would equal one to one and a half drachms of the Acid. 
Dr. Maclagan insists on saturating the system with twenty or 
thirty grains every two hours for twenty-four to forty-eight hours. 
My friend Dr. J. B. Talcott, of Chicago, has given the Salicy- 
late of Soda, ten grains every four hours, in seventeen cases of 
acute rheumatism, with complete success, and believes this Acid 
is a true specific for rheumatism. 
Dr. A. E. Small has used from the first to the third decimal 
trituration of this Acid in rheumatism with satisfactory results. 
Dr. E. M. Hale has used the first three triturations in rheu- 
matism, in some cases successfully, but has centered on five-grain 
doses once in two hours, as the true dose in this disease, and be- 
lieves, to get satisfactory results in rheumatism,.the dose has to 
be large, just short of the toxic action of the remedy. 
Dr. L. C. Grosvenor has had fine results both from the dilu- 
tions and crude drug, and says that Dr. W. Danforth thinks 
highly of it in rheumatism. 
Mrs. Dr. J. N. Wilkins has had fine results with this drug in 
both acute and chronic rheumatism. 
As to myself , I have only used it in from two to ten grain 
doses once in three hours, with complete satisfaction, but would 
strongly urge the profession to give the dilutions a thorough test; 
and, if they fail, Dr. Hale's or Ringer's method would be the 
one I would suggest to follow. 
When it irritates the stomach, which, in large doses, it is very 
apt to do, it should be given in glycerine or tincture of orange-peel, 
cardamom, or ginger, or two drops of chloroform may be added to 
each dose. I usually give it in tea. The only objection that can 
be raised against the use of this remedy in rheumatism, is the 
large dose; but, if it fails in small doses in this disease, why ob- 
ject to the dose that cures? The curative dose is just short of the 
toxic, and that, Dr. Hale says, is five grains once in two hours. 
Let one of us become afflicted with this painful malady, and our 
Aconite, Bryonia, and Rhus tox. leave us in the agonies of the 
lost, the big doses will fade into insignificance, when we know with 
positive certainty, that, by the use of this remedy, we will be re- 
lieved of all pain in two days, and lifted as it were from hell to ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 
185 
Heaven. The general testimony tends to show that it is most 
useful in acute rheumatism; but it has given Dr. Jaccond good 
satisfaction in chronic cases. He also states that, in acute gout, 
it acts with extraordinary effect. 
Dr. H. Weber has had most happy results from this Acid in 
gonorrhoeal rheumatism. I have used it in one case of diphther- 
itic rheumatism, with salutary results. 
A. Diersterweig reports one hundred cases of acute rheuma- 
tism treated with this remedy. Of these, the disease was cut short 
in thirty-six in twenty-four hours, in eighty-five in forty-eight 
hours, in ninety-eight in seventy-two hours, in one in eighty-four 
hours, and one, a girl, aged 20, was uninfluenced. The amount 
of medicine taken was, in forty-six cases, 5 to 15 grammes (77 to 231 
grains); in forty-one cases, 20 to 28 grammes (308 to 432 grains); 
and, in twelve cases, 30 to 40 grammes (463 to 616 grains). In three 
of the cases cut short (all females), suppurative arthritis followed 
in the ankle, which was cured by incision and drainage. Re- 
lapses occurred during the use of the medicine in eleven cases, 
four in the first week and four in the second. Cardiac complica- 
tions occurred only five times (and of these three had had heart 
disease before) in one hundred cases and twenty relapses. Pleu- 
ritis occurred three times. In one of these cases, the patient had 
pericarditis on admission to the hospital. Beyond this, the 
course of the complications under treatment by Salicylic acid was 
favorable. 
"It acts well in simple chronic rheumatism; even in arthritis 
nodosa, the painful paroxysm passes off quickly, the articular 
swellings decrease, and motility becomes more free, though the 
disease may have lasted for years; but the affection of the bone 
must not have progressed too far. 
"It is the remedy for acute and chronic arthritis. It arrests 
promptly the painful acute attacks and articular fluxion; the red- 
ness of the skin and the sensitiveness to touch disappears. Con- 
tinued treatment with moderate doses prevents new attacks in 
chronic arthritis, the tophi decrease and cease to be inflamed: 
and even a case may be possible without the least danger of 
metastasis to the heart, lungs, brain or stomach. The usual 
arthritic sediments in the urine also disappear."-Prof. See. 
Digestive Organs.-In dyspepsia, this remedy has but few 
equals. Where there is excessive accumulation of flatulence, and 
acidity of the stomach, with much belching of gas from the stom- 
ach, anaemia, and great irritability with despondency, I have used 186 
ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 
the 1st decimal with great satisfaction. In fact, we have no 
remedy equal to this in bad cases of this disease ; and its homoeo- 
pathicity is most beautifully shown by the congestion, inflamma- 
tion, and ulceration of the mucous membrane of the stomach. Dr. 
A. E. Small has found the remedy in the first trituration of great 
benefit in dyspepsia of a stubborn character. Dr. L. C. Grosve- 
nor has had marked curative results with this Acid in dys- 
pepsia, with putrid eructations and much accumulation of gas in 
the stomach. Dr. E. M. Hale has had fine results with this 
remedy in flatulent dyspepsia. From the specific and powerful 
action the Salicylates have upon the pneumogastric nerve, they 
must become the leading remedies for flatulent dyspepsia. 
In the preservation of urine, Meyer and Kalb found that one 
part of the Acid to two thousand of urine, was sufficient to pre- 
vent putrefaction, and that 0.4 per cent would prevent milk from 
souring. Would not a little of this Acid be of service in cases of 
cholera infantum, where the milk produces acid diarrhoea, and the 
whole child smells sour, showing that the intercellular fluid is ex- 
cessively acrid ? I have given it in one case, with high fever; 
pulse 140; stools every half-hour, excessively green and sour. 
In twelve hours it controlled the fever and green stools, but 
did not check entirely the diarrhoea. I believe that "acid chil- 
dren, with green stools" will prove to be a key-note for the use of 
this remedy. I have noticed that these children are very irritable, 
and prone to derangement of the stomach, from irritation of the 
pneumogastric at its origin. Knowing the specific and powerful 
action this Acid has upon this nerve and the base of the brain, 
we are justified in believing that the Salicylates will do much for 
acid children, with fermentive dyspepsia, and acid diarrhoea. 
Dr. E. M. Hale has utilized this Acid with complete success, 
to prevent milk from souring, where mothers, traveling in hot 
weather on the cars, fed their children on artificial food. Two 
grains of this Acid, dissolved in a quart of milk, kept the milk 
perfect, and caused no medicinal symptoms. 
Dr. Hale has given this Acid with gratifying results in cholera 
infantum and diarrhoea of children, with putrid eructations, and 
putrid-smelling diarrhoea. 
Tcenia.-"As all treatment for removal of taenia often fails, 
Marynowski tried, in a case where taenia solium had existed 
for nine years, four doses of 0.5 Acid Salicylicum, a dose every 
hour, followed by half an ounce of Oleum ricini. Half an hour 
afterward, a taenia ten yards long, with the head entire, was dis- 
charged per anum, without pain."-North American Journal. Fever.-This Acid has been used in typhoid fever, intermit- 
tent fever, scarlatina, and zymotic diseases; by some physicians 
with good results, but the majority pronounce against the remedy. 
Much has yet to be learned about it. 
Diphtheria.-It has given fine results in this disease. Dr. 
Oehme, in North American Journal, gives the results in fifty-six 
cases of diphtheria treated with Salicylic acid, with the following 
symptoms: Violent fever; the entire fauces covered with a white 
exudate. In two cases, hoarseness and barking cough (affection 
of the larynx) were present. In some, a gargle was given, while 
in others it was not. The average dose was one-sixth of a grain, 
hourly, and the average duration of the disease from two to five 
days. A few severe cases lasted eight days. No sequelae fol- 
lowed. Dr. Mary J. Safford Blake has given from the third to 
the fifteenth dilution, in diphtheria, with prompt results. 
Urinary Organs.-Drs. Ebstein and Mueller report two cases 
of diabetes mellitus cured by Salicylate of Soda, after a protracted 
trial of various drugs, notably Carbolic acid. Ryba and Plument 
have reached the following conclusion : 1. A daily amount of two 
drachms of Salicylate of Soda determines a decided diminution in 
amount of sugar excreted. 2. The best results are to be derived 
in recent cases, and where the hydrocarbonaceous elements of 
the diet are restricted. 8. The polyuria usually yields con- 
sentaneously with the glycosuria, and the bodily weight in- 
creases. 
Albuminuria.-I would suggest this Acid to be given a fair trial, 
when the patient has a rheumatic diathesis. It certainly causes 
albuminuria very promptly, and must become one of the leading 
remedies for this disease. 
Chronic Catarrh of the Bladder.-Where there is an enormous 
amount of mucus voided, this Acid ought to be of great value as 
an antiseptic, it is eliminated by the kidneys so rapidly, and its 
power of preventing putrefaction being three times greater than 
that of Carbolic acid ; consequently it is well worth a trial. Since 
writing the above, I found a remarkable cure of catarrh of the 
bladder in five days, by Dr. E. M. Hale, with this Acid dissolved 
in glycerine and warm water, and used as an injection into the 
bladder, once in six hours. The urine was very offensive, largely 
composed of mucus, and the microscope revealed pus, blood, and 
an abundance of mucous epithelium. 
Serous Membranes.-As Salicylic acid has a specific action 
upon serous membranes, and all serous membranes, when in- 
ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 
187 188 
ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 
flamed, tend to effusion into the serous cavities, I would suggest 
a trial of this remedy in hydropericardium, hydrocephalus, and 
renal dropsy. When we take into consideration that most exam- 
ples of serous inflammation are believed to be of a rheumatic 
character, and that this remedy has a wonderful control over 
rheumatism, we hope for great results from the Salicylate in 
dropsical effusions. 
Eyes.-Dr. F. Park Lewis gives us an account in the Medical 
Advance, of a case of plastic iritis following inflammatory rheu- 
matism. The pupil would contract, notwithstanding the local 
use of a one-per-cent solution of Atrop. sulph. The nightly pain 
was most agonizing, relieved temporarily by hot applications. 
Material doses of Salicylate of Soda made a speedy cure. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-In puerperal endometritis and 
septicfemia, this Acid rapidly reduces the temperature, and re- 
lieves the cerebral symptoms quicker than any known remedy. 
For foul breath and offensive expectoration, Dr. Da Costa gives it 
in five-grain doses, with prompt effect. 
Climacteric.-The readiness to flush caused by this Acid, would 
suggest its use in the hot flushes at the critical age. 
In one case, a large leuco-phlegmatic lady, aged forty-five, the 
leading and prominent symptom was constant dull, heavy pain 
in the cerebellum; great forgetfulness, excessive irritability, and 
frequent hot flushes of fever. Two-grain doses of the first dilu- 
tion, once in three hours, arrested the whole trouble at once. 
Antiseptic Uses.-The inhibitory action on putrefaction of 
this Acid being, it is said, three times greater than that of Carbolic 
acid, ought to give it a high place in antiseptic surgery. Bu- 
cholly found that 0.15 per cent of the Acid is sufficient to prevent 
the development of bacteria, and 0.4 per cent killed bacteria 
in vigorous growth. Salicylic acid sprinkled on indolent or in- 
flamed ulcers is said to induce rapid healing. 
Copious, foul-smelling foot-sweats. The powder is put into 
the stockings. 
One part of the Acid to 200 of water, used for washing the 
walls of damp houses, effectually destroys the fungus and pre- 
vents its re-appearance. 
Cotton saturated with a hot solution of from three to ten per 
cent of this Acid and then dried makes an excellent surgical 
dressing. ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 
189 
In spasmodic, flatulent asthma, and fetid bronchitis, and gan- 
grene of the lungs, this Acid is of great value. 
Dry cough, of a hard, racking, spasmodic character, aggra- 
vated at night, in old people. 
For purulent, fetid otorrhoea, it is very valuable used locally; 
and it ought to be of great value in nervous deafness. 
Purpura hsemorrhagica, with hemorrhages from all the mu- 
cous membranes, accompanied with a constant dull aching dis- 
tress in the stomach and occasional vomiting of blood and mucus; 
relieved in one night. 
ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 
Sulphuric Acid. 
Chemical preparation. Aqueous solution. 
Antidotes.-Alkalies in milk, or soapsuds, Puls., Merc., Hydrast. 
Through the organic nervous system, Sulphuric acid has three spe- 
cial centers of action: 
I. Mucous Membranes. Destructive Inflammation. 
II. Skin. Ecchymosis and Colliquative Sweats. 
III. Glands. (Salivary.) Insalivation. (Lymphatic.) Atony. 
Mucous Membranes, and Other Tissues.-Sulphuric acid 
acts especially upon the mucous tissues, particularly those of the 
alimentary canal and the respiratory organs. 
As a corrosive irritant, the action of this Acid, when applied 
boiling to the living tissues, is to destroy them like red-hot iron, 
from its escharotic action; but, when sufficiently diluted, its 
action is tonic; astringent; strengthens the appetite; quenches 
the thirst, and acidifies, to a greater or less extent, the secretions 
and excretions. 
By habitual use, this Acid becomes very injurious to the teeth ; 
even when greatly diluted, it whitens and corrodes them. 
Sooner or later it enfeebles digestion; produces colicky pains ; 
diarrhoea; impairs nutrition, producing marasmus and death. 
Skill.-Here this Acid produces ecchymosis, urticaria, formi- 
cation, frequent hot flashes, and colliquative sweats. 190 
ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 
Lymphatic Glandular System.-This Acid produces a gen- 
eral atonic condition of the lymphatics, and, by its action on the 
salivary glands, causes salivation. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
"Great debility; debility, with sensation of tremor all over the 
body, without trembling."-G. 
Profuse night sweats, with great debility. 
"Pressing pains in different parts of the body, increasing 
slowly and suddenly disappearing."-Hg. 
"When some deep-seated dyscrasia prevails, the child weak 
and exhausted, with no other symptoms."-G. 
Digestive Organs.-"Aphthae; the mouth appears very pain- 
ful, and the child is very weak."-G. 
"Coldness of the stomach, with relaxed feeling; loss of appe- 
tite, and great debility."-Hg. 
Gastralgia; pains contractive and violent; or of a dull, heavy, 
aching character, with pyrosis and much flatulence. 
Acidity of the stomach; watery diarrhoea, with sensation of 
tremor all over the body, without trembling, and great debility. 
Stomach rejects cold water, unless it is mixed with wine. 
Valuable in lead colic, as an antidote. 
"Constipation; stools in small black lumps, mixed with blood, 
accompanied with violent prickings in the anus, so that she has 
to rise up on account of the pain, with a trembling sensation all 
over the body."-G. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"She always gets a distressing 
nightmare before menstruation."-G. 
"Menses too early, too profuse; metrorrhagia; always preceded 
by a distressing nightmare; much debility, and a trembling sen- 
sation all over the body, without trembling."-G. 
"Leucorrhoea of bloody mucus, with sensation as if menses 
would appear."-G. 
Climacteric age, with constant hot flashes, and a feeling of 
tremor all over the body, with great debility, and as if everything 
must be done in a hurry. 
Skin.-"Distressing itching, tingling, and formication of the 
skin, in lichen, prurigo, and urticaria."-Pereira. 
Secondary syphilis, aphthae, maculae, etc. 
Hemorrhages from all the outlets of the body. BAPTISIA. 
191 
Chronic headaches, leucophlegmatic people, with relaxed 
muscles, and general debility. 
Aggravation.-In open, cold air, afternoons and evenings. 
Amelioration.-Open, warm air, and from vomiting. 
BAPTISIA. 
Wild Indigo. 
Habitat: America, etc. Fresh root, with its bark, Class III. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Baptisia has four special 
centers of action : 
I. Blood. Septic; Typhoid Condition. 
II. Mucous Membranes. Catarrhal Inflammation; Ulceration. 
III. Lymphatic System. Secretions Putrid. 
IV. Cerebro-Spinal System. Motor and Sensory Paralysis. 
Vascular System.-The blood rapidly tends to disorganiza- 
tion ; the excretions become offensive; the pulse soft, full, and 
quickened ; headache ; delirium ; a tendency to general paralysis, 
and profound debility; all indicate a typhoid condition, where 
this remedy has no rival. 
Mucous Membranes.-Especially of the buccal cavity, and 
lower portion of the intestinal canal. It produces fetid breath, 
catarrhal inflammation and ulceration, with watery, putrid, san- 
ious discharges, as found in diarrhoea, dysentery, and especially 
typhoid fever, with ulceration of Peyer's follicles. 
Lymphatics.-The lymphatic glandular system is especially 
vitiated by Baptisia, as shown in all the secretions being so offen- 
sive ; the whole body gives out a putrid odor. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Baptisia produces profound pros- 
tration of the animal nervous system, probably through its toxse- 
mic action upon the blood. The cerebro-spinal nervous system 
is affected similarly as in all septic fevers. In my proving of the 
remedy, I was greatly prostrated from its action. 192 
BAPTISIA. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
This is the king of all remedies for enteric or typhoid fever. 
No remedy can supplant it in the first stages. 
All adynamic septic diseases, with great depression of the 
cerebro-spinal nervous system, and a showing of putrescence, 
with tendency to softening and breaking-down of tissue, with low 
fever. 
Septic diseases, with a sore, bruised feeling of all the muscles 
of the body, and profound debility. 
Low, muttering delirium ; the head seems scattered; he must 
toss about to get the pieces together; with besotted look. 
"Typhoid diseases, with stupor, delirium, face dark red; be- 
sotted expression; eyes injected; tongue coated, brown, dry, 
particularly in the center; very offensive breath; sordes on 
the teeth; diarrhoea, with great fetor of the stools and 
urine."-A. E. Small, M. D. 
Stupor and delirium at night, with wandering of the mind 
whenever the eyes are closed, in low toxaemic fevers. 
Dull, stupefying headache, with confusion of ideas. 
While answering a question, falls into a deep sleep in the 
middle of a sentence, in low septic fevers. 
Excitement of the brain, especially at night, with febricula. 
Teeth covered with sordes, mouth full of ulcers, aphthae. 
Soreness of the eyeballs ; they feel as if they would be pressed 
into the head, with confusion of sight. 
Digestive Organs.-Tongue dry, and red as if burned. 
Tongue dry, dark red, shining, cracked, ulcerated, or dry, with 
a brown streak down the center; edges clean and red. 
"Pasty tongue, heavily furred."-Hale. 
"Putrid, offensive breath."-Hale. 
"Putrid ulceration of the buccal mucous membrane, with sali- 
vation."-Hale. 
Diphtheria, dark-red color of the fauces, which are greatly 
inflamed ; dark wash-leather false membrane covering the tonsils 
and fauces; tonsils and parotid glands enlarged; breath ex- 
cessively fetid; head, back, and limbs ache as if pounded, with 
restlessness and low, adynamic fever. No remedy equals Bap- 
tisia in the fever of diphtheria. 
"If you have a patient who can swallow nothing but liquids, 
give him Baptisia."-G. 
"Great sinking sensation in the epigastrium, with frequent 
fainting."-Dr. Bayes. [In portal congestion.] 193 
Violent colicky pains in the hypogastrium, before and during 
stool. Stools fetid, watery, and exhausting. 
Dysentery; stools scanty, of blood and mucus, with severe 
tenesmus and low fever. Very valuable in dysentery. 
"Stools,urine, and sweat all extremely fetid."-Dr.A.E. Small. 
Continual pain in region of gall - bladder; has to move con- 
stantly, but this does not remove the pain. 
"In whatever position the patient lies, the parts rested upon 
feel sore and bruised."-Dr. Bayes. 
Lungs.-"Dry cough, or loose, purulent, or muco-purulent; 
high temperature; chills at 10a.m. and 3 p.m.; anorexia and 
emaciation. Grand remedy in phthisis."-J. S. Mitchell, M.D. 
Generalities.-Limbs very weak and trembling. Toxeemic 
Aggravation.-In close, warm room. 
Amelioration.-In open, fresh air. 
BAPTISIA. 194 
BARYTA CARBONIC A. 
BARYTA CARBONICA. 
Carbonate of Baryta. 
Chemical preparation. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Bell., Calc., Caust, Merc., lod., and Magnesia. 
Through the organic nervous system, Baryta has one special center 
of action: 
I. Lymphatic Glandular System. Hypertrophy; Atony. 
Lymphatics and Tonsils.-Baryta produces atony of the 
lymphatic system, and hypertrophy of the parenchyma of the 
tonsils, with chronic ulceration of the glandular system. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Atrophy; defective mental and physical growth. 
"Especially suited to dwarfish women with scanty menstrua- 
tion, and troublesome weight about the pubes in any position."- 
G. [Mind and body very weak.] 
"Scrofulous children that do not grow."-G. 
Acts well on diseases of old people, especially paralysis. 
Chronic induration of the tonsils, where the parenchyma is 
the seat of the trouble, and they often ulcerate. 
"It is our best remedy in tonsillitis to prevent suppuration." 
-Hughes. 
Sensation as if the lungs were full of smoke. 
"Hoarseness and aphonia, with great relaxation of the muscu- 
lar structures of the throat."-Dr. Bayes. 
Very susceptible to cold. Takes cold on slight changes in 
temperature. 
Fever, the chill predominating; chronic suppurations. 
Scrofulous ulcerations, fatty tumors; indurated glands. 
Aggravation.-Night, morning, cold, damp air. 
Amelioration.-Walking, and open, warm air. BELLADONNA. 
195 
BELLADONNA. 
Deadly Nightshade. 
Habitat: Europe, Asia Minor, etc. Whole fresh plant, at inflorescence; Classi. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Op., Cofl:., Hyos., Nux vom., Hep., Zinc, Wine. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Belladonna has eleven 
special centers of action : 
I. Cerebro-Spinal System. Motor and Sensory Paralysis. 
II. Circul'n. Cardiac Inhib. Centers Stim.; Capillaries Cont'd. 
III. Temperature. Elevated from One to Three Degrees. 
IV. Pneumogastric Nerve. Respiratory Center Stimulated. 
V. Muscles of Hollow Viscera. (Abdomen, etc.) Paralysis. 
VI. Kidneys. Congested. Bladder. Sphincter Paralyzed 
VII. Generative Organs. Congestion; Arrested Secretion. 
VIII. Glandular System. Arrested Secretion; Inflammation. 
IX. Skin. Erysipelatous Inflammation; Copious Perspiration. 
X. Eye. Mydriasis; Congestion, Inflammation. 
XI. Mucous Membranes. Secretions Entirely Arrested. 
Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.-Belladonna produces act- 
ive, acute, and violent congestion and inflammation of the whole 
encephalic mass, with throbbing headache; mania; wild delir- 
ium ; vertigo; profound sleep; fantastic vision; flushed face; 
and noises in the ears. 
"A sense of tightness or pain is first felt in the frontal region 
and in the eyes; confusion of thought, with giddiness, a feeling 
of intoxication, and noises in the ears. The sight becomes con- 
fused, objects are seen as through a mist, or they are mistaken 
for different ones. Spectral illusions are not infrequent. They 
are usually of a pleasing character; images of diamonds and 
other precious stones; flashes of many-colored lights, bits of 
brilliant plumage, and insects with enameled wings. Occasionally 
there is total blindness, even of several days' duration. The 
mind is agitated and excited by a train of extravagant ideas; 
there is often decided delirium, and nearly always of a gay de- 196 
BELLADONNA. 
scription, which either prevents sleep entirely, or permits only 
broken slumbers disturbed by fantastic dreams. It is remarkable 
that the patient may be quite conscious of his visual illusions and 
his delirium, but without having the power to prevent the one or 
control the other. 
"In certain cases, familiar objects around the patient are not 
recognized, and are called by wrong names; the old and decrepit 
are addressed as young and beautiful; and even inanimate objects 
are mistaken for one another. This singular low delirium has been 
compared to somnambulism. It is recorded of a tailor, who had 
used an injection of Belladonna, that he remained on his shop- 
board for fifteen hours, sewing with great apparent earnestness, 
using all the gestures which his business required, and moving his 
lips as if in speaking, yet the whole of the time perfectly insensi- 
ble. Dr. Simpson mentions a lady who, under the influence of 
an overdose of Belladonna, appeared as if in the act of dressing 
her hair for hours. Some of the most frightful cases of suicidal 
and destructive impulses are declared to have had their origin in 
the use of Belladonna, even where a predisposition to insanity did 
not exist. It is asserted, that, when tic-douloureux has been sud- 
denly stopped by this remedy, this form of madness has been 
developed. But, in general, in poisonous doses, it gives rise to 
active, and for the most part joyous, delirium, with laughter, 
running, etc.; although there is in reality great loss of muscular 
power. A remarkable fact, observed in some cases of poisoning, 
is the degree of anaesthesia which this drug produces. Of this, a 
striking example is afforded by a man who swallowed by mistake 
an enormous dose of the watery extract of this plant. For several 
days the skin remained so insensible that it could be pinched or 
pricked without pain. In most fatal cases, sopor succeeds delir- 
ium, or may even occur without being preceded by excitement; 
there is muscular relaxation, and a red, tumid face, injection of 
the conjunctiva, and a frequent, or else a very infrequent, pulse. 
In some, convulsions are the immediate precursors of death. 
But, in poisoning by Belladonna, narcotism is the exception, not 
the rule."-Stille. 
"Dr. S. Botkin found, that, when the vessels of a frog's legs 
were tied, and the animal poisoned by Atropia, while paralysis 
developed itself in the ordinary way in the uninjured leg, the in- 
jured leg preserved its motility. On testing with galvanic cur- 
rents, the nerve of the leg whose artery had been tied, trans- 
mitted a very forcible impulse to its tributary muscles, under 
the stimulus of a galvanic current much weaker than could elicit BELLADONNA. 
197 
the faintest response from the nerve of the opposite side. He con- 
cluded, very logically, that Atropia acts as a paralyzant to the 
motor nerve trunks themselves, and also, since motion persisted 
in the protected leg after it was completely lost in its fellows, 
that this influence of the drug was exerted upon the motor trunks 
before the spinal centers. This has been confirmed by many 
men, such as Bezold, Bloebaum, Meuriot, and others, who have 
proven that Atropia, if in sufficient dose, has the power of destroy- 
ing the excitability of the efferent or motor nerve fibers, but that 
it must be in very large quantity; so that, in mammals, death 
may be caused by the Alkaloid, and yet a notable amount of func- 
tional power be retained by the motor nerves. Bezold and 
Bloebaum, whose elaborate experiments are especially com- 
mendable, affirm that very rarely have they been able totally to 
destroy by Atropia the functional power of the motor nerves, and 
also have shown that both the nerve-stem and the peripheral 
intra-muscular nerve-endings are affected. All the experiment- 
ers of the day agree that no stage of super-excitability preceding 
that of depression can be discovered. 
"The action of Atropia upon the spinal centers has been 
closely and ably studied by Dr. Fraser, of Edinburgh. He dis- 
covered, that, if a frog receive a hypodermic injection of about the 
one-thousandth part of its weight of Atropia, a condition of per- 
fect paralysis and abolition of reflex action comes on after a time, 
and lasts from two to four days, to be succeeded by a tetanic 
stage, with violent convulsions, and excessive excitability of the 
reflex centers. The convulsions of this stage have been shown by 
Fraser to be spinal, occurring after section of the cord in all parts 
of the body; and the paralysis, as well as the tetanus, is due to 
an action upon the centers; the drug so acting upon the spinal 
cord as first to abolish and then intensify its reflex activity. Drs. 
Ringer and Murrell believe that both the paralysis and the 
tetanus are due to a depressant action. The theory is, that the 
normal cord has a power of resisting impulses received from the 
periphery, and especially of preventing their wide propagation 
among the spinal centers. During the first stage of the Atropia- 
poisoning, it is supposed that the motor portions of the cord are 
so paralyzed as to be unable to form or propagate any motor im- 
pulse ; and hence the general paralysis. Later on, however, the 
motor cells have so far recovered themselves as to be able to gen- 
erate impulses freely, although the resistive power of the cord is 
still in abeyance. Consequently, a peripheral impulse plays, as 
it were, at will, up and down the spinal cord, and, instead of 198 
BELLADONNA. 
giving rise to a simple reflex action, gives origin to a series of re- 
flex movements, involving all the muscles, and constituting a 
tetanic convulsion. In mammals, the convulsant action comes 
on more rapidly, and is less protracted, and the paralyzant action 
is also less intense, than in the frog; so that, while the batrachian 
poisoned by Atropia is in the beginning paralyzed, and after- 
ward convulsed, the mammal suffers from convulsions and 
reflex spasms early jn the poisoning, and often exhibits evidences 
all through of the excited reflex activity. Dr. Botkin, from frogs 
poisoned with Atropia, came to the conclusion, that, while Atropia 
paralyzes first the motor nerves, yet later it acts, also, on the 
afferent nerves. 
"The following experiments of Meuriot prove conclusively that 
Atropia does influence the afferent nerves: He found, that, if 
a frog be bound tightly around the body, so as to interrupt the 
circulation, and then be poisoned by Atropia in the front part of 
the body, at first irritations in any part give rise to general 
spasms; but, after a time, in order to get any movements of the 
hind legs, it is necessary to apply an irritant to them. Again, the 
hinder parts of the frog were so bound by ligatures as to cut off, 
on the one side, all communication except by the nerves, and, on 
the other, to leave free the nerve and constrict the vessels. A 
strong injection of Atropia was then given; and, when the mo- 
ment came that irritation of the periphery of the leg whose circu- 
lation was free would no longer cause reflex spasms, the artery 
of this leg also was tied, so that both legs, the one Atropinized, 
the other not, were now connected with the body of the frog only 
by their nerves. Strychnia was now injected ; and it was found, 
that, while irritation of the Atropinized leg had no effect, stimu- 
lation of the non-Atropinized leg gave rise to general convulsions. 
These experiments show that Atropia acts upon the afferent 
nerves as well as upon the efferent. It is probable that Atropia 
acts upon the peripheral filaments of the nerves more quickly 
than upon the main trunks."-II. C. Wood, M. D. 
Dr. Fraser says, that Atropia produces paralysis chiefly by 
affecting the motor centers and sensory nerves in the spinal cord ; 
and Dr. Ringer has confirmed this. 
Vulpian says: "Atropia has a direct paralyzing action on the 
cord, and does not affect it through its depressing action upon 
the circulation." 
Heart and Circulatory System.-Large doses of Belladonna 
prominently affect the heart and blood-vessels. "The pulse at BELLADONNA. 
199 
first becomes slower, but afterward is generally more frequent, 
and, during the active stages, full and bounding; but, as the 
symptoms decline, it falls again below the natural standard in 
strength and frequency; while in fatal cases, on the other hand, 
it grows rapid, intermittent, and thready."-Stille. 
Dr. H. C/ Wood says : " Atropia acts as a direct stimulant upon 
the cardiac inhibitory centers, precisely as it does on the spinal 
■cord; the reason that the action is not more manifest under ordi- 
nary circumstances being the incapacity of the paralyzed vagus 
to transmit the central impulse. This asserted stimulation of the 
inhibitory center, if it be correct, accounts very beautifully for the 
primary brief slowing of the pulse stated to occur in some cases 
of Atropia-poisoning." 
"When, by the division of the spinal cord and vagi, the heart is 
isolated from the nerve centers, and the vaso-motor nerves are 
paralyzed, Bezold and Bloebaum have found that Atropia, in small 
and large doses, lessens at once the arterial pressure. Botkin 
states, that, when Atropia is applied to the heart of the frog, it at 
once diminishes, and finally arrests, its action, which can not be 
re-excited by galvanic or other stimuli; and Bezold and Bloe- 
baum have found that the same thing occurs when an overdose 
of the Alkaloid is injected into the jugular vein of a mammal. 
From these facts, it follows, that, upon the heart itself, Atropia acts 
as a direct depressant poison. 
"From what has already been said, it is evident that the in- 
crease of the pulse seen in Atropia-poisoning, is in a measure due 
to a paralysis of the cardiac inhibitory nerves; but that this is 
not the only cause, is shown by the fact noticed by Lemattre 
(Archives Generales, August, 1865), and confirmed by my own ex- 
periments, that, after section of the par vagum, Atropia still 
causes an increase in the rapidity of the heart's action. Further, 
Bezold and Bloebaum have found, that, when the thoracic sym- 
pathetic is galvanized, even after large doses of Atropia, the heart 
is very sensibly affected. From these facts, it is obvious that 
Atropia acts on the cardiac accelerator nerve centers, or possibly 
nerves, as a stimulant, and, unless it be in lethal doses, does not 
destroy the excitability of these nerves. 
"The evidence derived from direct observation of the capilla- 
ries seems to me to be, on the whole, decidedly in favor of their 
contraction by minute doses of Belladonna. However, the alter- 
ations in the caliber of the vessels are so slight as to leave great 
play for the imagination of the observer; but Brown-Sequard 
says positively that the drug has the power of exciting the mus- BELLADONNA. 
200 
cular fibers of the arterioles. Much more decisive proof is, how- 
ever, obtainable from a study of the arterial pressure. I have 
found, that, after section of the vagi, Atropia still has the power 
of very materially raising the arterial pressure. As Atropia does 
not augment the force of the individual cardiac beat, and as the 
increase in the number of the cardiac pulsations Caused by it 
after section of the vagi is comparatively slight, it is exceedingly 
probable that the rise of the arterial pressure just spoken of 
is due to a contraction of the small vessels. This logical conclu- 
sion becomes almost a certainty when it is further known, that, 
after division of the cord, and consequent separation of the ves- 
sels from the vaso-motor centers, Atropia is powerless to produce 
rise of arterial pressure,- a fact vouched for by Bezold and 
Bloebaum, and which I confirm from my own experiments. 
"Viewing all these facts together, I am forced to give assent to 
the proposition that Atropia, in not too large amount, is a stimulant 
to the vaso-motor centers, a conclusion in harmony with the action 
of the drug on all the other motor centers. All observers agree, 
that, in the advanced stage of Atropia-poisoning, after the blood- 
pressure has commenced to fall, there is dilatation of the capil- 
laries. It seems most probable that this is due to a direct action 
of the poison on the muscular fibers in the coats of the arteries; 
for, when directly applied to the web of a frog's foot, Atropia, 
after a time, produces an evidently paralytic dilatation; and Be- 
zold and Bloebaum have found that the arterial muscular coats 
in Atropia-poisoning finally lose their irritability, but that, so 
long as they retain it, galvanic stimulation of a sympathetic 
nerve does not fail to induce contraction in the tributary ves- 
sels."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Dr. J. Harley says: "The first effect of Belladonna on the 
pulse is to increase its quickness, fullness, and force, to the extent 
even of fifty to sixty beats in a minute; moderate doses at the 
same time increasing the blood-pressure. This condition of the 
circulation continues till the tongue and mouth become moist and 
clammy, when the pulse diminishes in frequency and loses 
strength. He considers Belladonna a powerful heart tonic ; and 
he points out how the use of it serves to reduce the frequency of 
and to strengthen the beats of the heart, when weakened by 
disease." 
From the above, we deduce the fact that the rapidity of the 
heart's action is due to paralysis of the peripheral inhibitory 
nerves, and to stimulation of the accelerator nerves ; and that the 
increased arterial pressure is due to the increased cardiac action, BELLADONNA. 
201 
together with the general contraction of the capillaries, the result 
of excitation of the vaso-motor centers. 
Temperature.-Dr. H. C. Wood says: "In moderate doses, 
Atropia causes a profound rise in temperature; but, in very large, 
decidedly toxic, amounts, it lessens animal heat. Thus, in the 
dog, Meuriot has obtained an augmentation of from 1° to 3° C., 
and Dumeril, Demarquay, and Lecomte, of 4° C. In fatal poison- 
ing of dogs, these observers have noticed a fall respectively of 
5 1-10° and of 3°. In man, Meuriot, in the use of medicinal doses, 
has observed the temperature to rise 1-2° to 1 1-10°, and Eulen- 
burgh 1-2° to 8-10°. Harley has seen in man an elevation of 1° 
F. As pointed out by Meuriot, the rise and fall of temperature 
probably correspond to the rise and fall of the blood-pressure." 
Respiratory System.-Belladonna is a direct and special 
stimulant of the respiratory centers. Dr. J. M. Fothergill says: 
"The action of Atropia upon the respiratory centers is most 
marked, and is quite equal to that exercised by Strychnia and 
Ammonia. Its action is decidedly stimulating, and its potency 
in opium-poisoning is due to its effects upon the respiration and 
the circulation when failing." 
Dr. H. C. Wood says : "Small doses of Atropia do not affect 
the respiration; whereas, large doses accelerate it. The same is 
true in animals; and the acceleration takes place even when the 
vagi have been previously divided,-a proof that it is due to a 
direct stimulation of the respiratory centers in the medulla. When 
large, fatal doses are administered, there is evidently also a paral- 
ysis of that portion of the peripheral pneumogastric nerve which 
is connected with the function of respiration; for if, in an animal 
suffering only from a moderate dose, the par vagum be cut, respi- 
ration is profoundly affected ; but, when Atropia has been more 
freely given, no marked influence is exerted upon the respiratory 
rhythm by section of the vagi. As death approaches in Bella- 
donna-poisoning, the blood, which has preserved its normal color, 
may become very dark, and the patient at last dies of asphyxia,- 
probably not from failure of the centers themselves, but from the 
loss of functional power in the respiratory nerves." 
Abdominal Cavity.-Belladonna depresses and paralyzes the 
functions of the muscles of organic life, such as found in the hol- 
low viscera of the abdominal canal, and lessens the secretions of 
these viscera. Dr. H. C. Wood, in his "Therapeutics," says: "On 
the non-striated muscles, the action of the drug is pronounced; 202 
BELLADONNA. 
but its exact nature is uncertain." Meuriot states, that, if the 
belly of an animal poisoned by Atropia be opened, the intestines 
will be found undergoing violent contractions, and that Bella- 
donna is a violent excitant of the non-striated muscles. On the 
other hand, Bezold and Bloebaum affirm that they have experi- 
mented upon the intestines, bladder, uterus, and ureters, and that 
in all cases there is a marked sedation from Atropia, and that, 
whether a small or large dose be used, there are produced muscu- 
lar quietness and relaxation in all these organs,-evidences of se- 
dation not preceded by any stage of excitement, and always ac- 
companied by lessening of the electro-muscular sensibility. They 
state, further, that, by the use of sufficient doses, absolute pa- 
ralysis of the organs alluded to is induced, so that the strongest 
Faradaic currents are unable to cause any motion. P. Keuchel 
has made a most elaborate series of experiments to determine the 
effect of Atropia upon the inhibitory fibers of the splanchnic 
nerve, and found, that, even when doses of Atropia so small as not 
to affect distinctly the motor-nerves are given, galvanization of 
the splanchnics fails to influence the intestines, whose vermicu- 
lar movements are still active, and therefore that Atropia para- 
lyzes the peripheral inhibitory intestinal apparatus precisely as 
it does that of the heart. It has been shown by Pfliiger, that gal- 
vanization of the peripheral ends of the divided splanchnics 
causes immediate arrest of the peristaltic intestinal movements; 
and, although the subject has not been absolutely worked out, it 
is almost certain that some of the splanchnic fibers are the inhib- 
itory nerves of the intestinal coats. There is a seeming disagree- 
ment between these researches and those of Meuriot and Bezold 
and Bloebaum ; but it is probable that both are correct. It ap- 
pears certain, that, in full doses, Atropia paralyzes the smooth 
muscular fibers of the intestine, bladder, etc.; and it may be that 
in any dose it depresses their activity directly, but that, by 
paralyzing more quickly the inhibitory apparatus, it sometimes 
places the intestinal muscular coat in such a position that it 
will respond more vigorously than normal to external stimuli. If 
this be so, it is evident that there is real accord in the results of 
all these investigations ; for Keuchel used only very small doses in 
a rabbit (0.75 gr.). 
Spasm and paralysis of the sphincter ani, is a prominent 
symptom of Belladonna. 
Urinary Organs.-Upon the kidneys, Belladonna produces 
congestion, and stasis in the Malpighian circulation. Dr. H. C. BELLADONNA. 
203 
Wood says: "From small doses of Atropia, the urine is increased, 
according to Harley doubled. I am confident, however, that this 
increase varies greatly, and is not always marked. After large 
toxic doses, the urine may be first increased, but is usually lessened 
very early, and in the later stages may be entirely suppressed. 
Meuriot states that the secretion of urine rises and falls in Atro- 
pia-poisoning with the arterial pressure. The experiments of 
Harley upon men, would appear to show that medicinal doses of 
Atropia decidedly increase the solids of the urine, slightly the urea 
and uric acid, very markedly the phosphates and sulphates." 
Dr. Wood thinks, "when Belladonna is administered medici- 
nally, it probably all escapes from the body through the urine." 
Bladder.-Belladonna has a special action upon the sphincter 
muscle of the bladder, producing irritation similar to strangury, 
and finally complete paralysis. Its action upon the detrusor and 
sphincter fibers of the urethra, has often proved of untold value 
in breaking up the habit of nocturnal incontinence of urine in 
children. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Belladonna produces congestion and 
spasm; excitability, followed by depression. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-In the female, the action of Bel- 
ladonna is characterized by spasm and congestion, through its 
action upon the inferior hypogastric and spermatic plexuses, and 
the third and fourth sacral nerves, especially through their periph- 
eral intra-muscular nerve-endings, found in the arterial capil- 
lary blood-vessels. This rise of arterial blood-pressure in the 
ovaries and uterus, gives us an elevated temperature, congestion, 
and all the symptoms of acute inflammation ; as shown by the sud- 
den clutching, stitching, throbbing spasmodic pains in the ovary 
and uterus, with pressure downward as if all the contents of the 
abdomen would issue through the vulva; heat and dryness of the 
vagina, with spasm of its sphincter muscle, etc. 
The action of Belladonna upon the muscles of the uterus, 
especially the internal circular muscular coat, producing spasm, 
contraction, and in large doses complete paralysis, is most marked 
and profound. The power of producing muscular contraction of 
the uterus, has proved of untold value in arresting copious uterine 
hemorrhages after labor; and many a woman's life has been 
saved by its use. Its paralyzing influence in rigidity of the os 
uteri in labor, has also proved a blessing to thousands of suffer- 
ing women, and saved hours of suffering. 204 
BELLADONNA. 
Mamma.-No remedy in the Materia Medica has a more spe- 
cific and profound action upon the secretions of these glands. It 
not only checks, but entirely arrests, the secretion of milk, em- 
ployed either internally or externally. Dr. Ringer says: "It is 
well known that Belladonna will arrest the secretion of milk, and 
that it is employed with great advantage when, from any cause, a 
mother is unable to suckle her child, and the breasts become 
swollen, exquisitely painful, and threaten to inflame and suppu- 
rate unless the tension of the milk-ducts is relieved. If the milk 
can not be drawn off artificially, the secretion must be suppressed 
by means of Belladonna, which should be applied early, before 
inflammation has set in; and then, in a few hours, the swollen, 
painful breasts gradually diminish, and soon become soft, com- 
fortable, and painless. But, if inflammation has set in, and the 
breasts become tense, shiny, and knotty, red, and acutely painful, 
the continuous application of Belladonna for twenty-four or forty- 
eight hours will often remove the inflammation and tension 
and arrest the impending abscess. The rapid relief it gives in 
these cases will astonish any one unaccustomed to its use ; in fact, 
it is impossible to overstate the usefulness of Belladonna." 
The liniment (the extract mixed with an equal quantity of 
glycerine) or the ointment (a drachm of the tincture to an ounce 
of olive oil, or two drachms of the liniment mixed with an ounce 
of lard) should be rubbed especially over the areola around the 
nipple. The liniment is speedily effectual. 
Glandular System.-One of the most prominent and early 
effects of Atropia is dryness of the mouth and fauces, due to sup- 
pression of the secretions of the mucous and salivary glands. 
Keuchel says, that the arrest of secretion is nervous, and is due 
to an action upon the peripheral nerve filaments. 
As was first discovered by Schiff, "section of the chorda tym- 
pani is followed by arrest of secretion of the submaxillary gland, 
and galvanization of the peripheral end produces a greatly in- 
creased flow of saliva. In Keuchel's experiments, these phenom- 
ena occurred in the unpoisoned animal; but, when Atropia had 
been exhibited, galvanization of the peripheral chorda tympani 
was powerless to excite secretion,-proof that the peripheral end 
of the nerve was paralyzed. The entire suspension of the secre- 
tions of the salivary, and glands of the mouth,-the tongue, 
mouth, and fauces being as devoid of moisture as if they were 
composed of burnt shoe-leather, with inability to swallow,-is 
the first and most prominent effect of Belladonnaand well has BELLADONNA. 
205 
it served us in acute inflammation of the mouth and fauces, as 
well as in great salivation from the abuse of Mercury. Tonsilli- 
tis in the acute form is not only produced by this drug, but is dis- 
sipated with it, like melting snow in a hot sun. 
Skin.-The copions perspiration produced by Atropia, shows 
that it has a specific and most powerful action upon the peripheral 
nervo-glandular apparatus. Experiments indicate that the chief 
sweat center is located in the medulla oblongata; but it is be- 
lieved that others are located in the lumbar and lower pan of the 
dorsal region, and that the sweat fibers run with the vaso-motor 
fibers. I believe that Atropia affects most prominently the periph- 
eral nervo-glandular apparatus of the skin, also the sweat center in 
the medulla oblongata. The nervous energy rouses the glands of 
the skin into activity, so as to produce increased secretion, and 
finally paralyzes the sweat glands, with arrest of secretion. 
The great utility of Belladonna, and especially Atropia, in pro- 
fuse sweating, either general or local, has been conclusively 
demonstrated. 
The action of Belladonna, producing dry, red, and hot skin, 
which often goes on to acute erysipelas, and erysipelatous inflam- 
mation, where the skin is smooth, tense, and bright red, is a 
marked symptom of Atropia, and has been utilized thousands of 
times in scarlatina and erysipelas. 
As a Prophylactic against Scarlatina.-The immortal Hahne- 
mann has the honor of introducing Belladonna as a prophylactic 
against scarlatina; and, from the vast amount of testimony, in 
our school as well as in the Allopathic, we are compelled to accept 
it as a demonstrated fact; but just how much of a prophylactic 
it is, has not been proved. In mild epidemics, where the eruption 
is smooth, and diphtheritic symptoms do not show themselves, I 
believe it will often act as a prophylactic; but, in malignant epi- 
demics, with intense blood-poisoning, in which the little ones pass 
away with croupal diphtheria, Belladonna is utterly useless. In our 
last malignant epidemic, children that took Belladonna as a pro- 
phylactic, took the disease and passed to their eternal homes in 
twenty-four and forty-eight hours ; and, where they survived the 
eruptive stage, croupal diphtheria, or dropsy, took them off in from 
one to three weeks. Over three thousand of the cases, out of the 
twenty thousand attacked, proved fatal. In my great anxiety to 
find a remedy for this dreaded disease, I commenced to read 
everything I could find on the pathology and treatment of scarla- 
tina. I found that all writers upon this subject claimed that 206 
BELLADONNA. 
nursing infants were almost exempt from this poison, and I asked 
the question, Why this exemption ? There being a cause for every- 
thing, there must be a cause for this non-predisposition of infants. 
This problem, I believe, is now solved, by the fact that infants 
live upon a milk diet. Therefore I believe that a- 
Milk diet is the true prophylactic for scarlet fever. 
I have already tested this milk diet in fifty-seven cases, where 
the children have been exposed day and night with a case of scar- 
let fever in the house. They have slept with the patients, kissed 
them, and aided in taking care of them; and, so far, I have not 
one failure to report. Taking this, with the great immunity of 
nursing infants, into consideration, I feel justified in claiming that 
milk will prove to be the true prophylactic in scarlatina. 
At least one gobletful of milk should be taken three times a 
day; and a full milk diet would be better. Of course, the milk 
should be kept out of the sick-room, and well covered to prevent 
its acting as a contagion-carrier. 
If the daily use of milk will prevent lead colic in the manu- 
facture of white lead, where the workmen suffer the most violent 
colic without its use, why may it not prevent the poison that pro- 
duces scarlatina from acting, when there is not the one-millionth 
part as much of the contagion absorbed as there is of lead in its 
manufacture ? There is always found an excess of fibrine in the 
blood of scarlatina patients. The lactic acid in milk, inhibits and 
lessens this excess of fibrine, thereby acting as a prophylactic. 
Eyes.-Atropia, given internally, or placed in the eye, dilates 
the pupils of all animals except birds. Accompanying this my- 
driasis, we have lessened intra-ocular pressure and paralysis of 
accommodation. 
Dr. H. C. Wood says: "Before discussing briefly the action 
of Atropia upon the pupil, the fact that a recent American female 
writer has re-asserted the old theory that the movements of the 
iris are due to erectile tissue, or, in other words, to its blood- 
vessels, seems to render necessary a few words as to the real mo- 
tile power of the part. In the first place, it is an indisputable 
anatomical fact that the iris is largely composed of muscular 
fibers; and it is a simple common-sense deduction that the mus- 
cular fibers are for the purpose of causing motion, especially 
since, in many animals, it can be readily demonstrated, that, 
while some of these fibers are circular, others are radiating, so 
that by position they become antagonistic. The paper of Dr. 
Alt seems to me very decisive. In a very elaborate series of ex- 
periments, it was found, that, when the upper cervical ganglion 
was stimulated, the pupil dilated long before any ;na"encc upon BELLADONNA. 
207 
the vessels was detected, and that, on cessation of the stimula- 
tion, the pupil became natural long before the spasms of the ves- 
sels yielded,-to my mind a proof that the ganglion has fibers 
other than vaso-motor fibers, which control the muscular actions 
of the iris, and are more sensitive than the vaso-motor filaments ; 
and, secondarily, a proof that the movements of the iris are not 
due to movements of blood-vessels. 
"It may first be asserted that the dilatation induced by the local 
application of Belladonna, is a nervous phenomenon, and not 
due to a direct action of the drug upon the muscular fibers of the 
iris; for, as all of these, both the radiating and the circular, 
are of the same nature (non striated in mammals), their antago- 
nism is simply due to position ; and it seems inconceivable that 
mere position should affect the relations between a muscle and a 
drug. Moreover, decisive proof is afforded by the experiments of 
Bernstein and Dogiel, who found, that, while galvanic irritation of 
the oculo-motor nerve was unable to cause contraction of the 
pupil in the Atropinized eye, yet, when the electrodes were applied 
to the eyes in such a way as to affect directly the iris, contraction 
occurred,-phenomena only explainable by the theory that the 
nerve-endings were paralyzed, while the muscle was unaffected. 
Of the truth of this observation, there can be no doubt, as it has 
been confirmed by Dr. G. Engelhardt. 
"It is just possible, indeed, that the observation as to the non- 
action of the mydriatic upon the irides of birds is incorrect. 
Bonders says that the pupillary action of Atropia 'is slight in 
birds, in which it was formerly overlooked.' In my own experi- 
ments on pigeons, there seemed to be no distinct effect. 
"The dilatation of the pupil by the local application of Atropia 
is certainly independent of any nerve centers farther back than 
the ciliary ganglion. This is proven by the following facts: 
Claude Bernard and Lemattre both have found that Atropia-my- 
driasis occurs in animals after section of the oculo-motor; and 
I have seen it in cases of complete oculo-motor paralysis in man. 
It also takes place after section of the trigeminus, or of the cer- 
vical sympathetic, or of both of these nerves, as is shown by the 
testimony of numerous observers and by my own experiments. 
In man, I have seen it after paralysis of the sympathetic. (Phila- 
delphia Med. Times, vol. i., p. 290.) Not only is the dilatation of 
the pupil by the local application of Atropia independent of the 
central nervous system, but also of the ciliary ganglion; and it 
is therefore due to an action exerted directly upon the nerve- 
endings in the iris. The experiments of Bernstein and Dogiel, 208 
BELLADONNA. 
confirmed by Engelhardt, already quoted, are in themselves 
almost enough to establish the truth of this proposition. More 
direct evidence is not, however, wanting. Thus, Vierordt has 
found that Atropia, locally applied, still causes mydriasis after the 
removal of the ciliary ganglion. It also has been discovered, that, 
in the eye of a frog removed from the body, Atropia will produce 
dilatation of the pupil, and also in the eye of a man just dead. 
"It having been demonstrated that the mydriasis of the Atro- 
pinized eye is the result of an action upon the peripheral nerve- 
fibers, the questions arise : Are the ends of the oculo-motor, the 
contractor of the pupil, paralyzed ? or are the ends of the sym- 
pathetic, the dilator, stimulated ? or is there a double influence 
both these actions occurring. Both Bonders and Stellwag von 
Carion insist that the paralysis of accommodation is proof of 
paralysis of the oculo-motor nerve; and it seems to me they do 
so with truth. However this may be, there is much direct proof 
that the oculo-motor fibers are paralyzed, since the experiment of 
Grunhagen, showing that galvanization of the exposed oculo- 
motor nerve does not affect the Atropinized pupil, has been con- 
firmed by many. 
"In artificial mydriasis, there is, then, undoubtedly peripheral 
palsy of the oculo-motor. The question arises: Is there, also, 
stimulation of the dilating nerve ? The evidence as to this is not 
so positive, but to my mind indicates very strongly that there is 
such an action. Clinical experience certainly shows that the dila- 
tation produced by a mydriatic is not merely a passive movement 
of relaxation, but is active, capable of tearing up inflammatory 
adhesions even when of some firmness. Again, the dilatation that 
occurs after the paralysis of the oculo-motor nerve in man, and 
after its destruction in animals, is not at all equal to that pro- 
duced by Atropia, and, indeed, can be largely increased by the 
action of the drug. Further, in the eye separated entirely from 
the nerve centers, Atropia still causes a wide dilatation. These 
facts necessitate the belief, either that the alkaloid acts upon the 
sympathetic fibrillae, or that the peripheral fibers of a nerve are 
in themselves nerve centers, acting upon the muscles of them- 
selves, even when separated from their centers. 
" In conclusion, the action of Atropia applied to the eye 
may be summed up as follows: The mydriasis is the result of 
direct influence upon the peripheral nerve fibers; those of the 
oculo-motor being certainly paralyzed ; those of the sympathetic 
and its ally, the trigeminus, being probably excited. BELLADONNA. 
209 
"In regard to the constitutional action of Atropia, it is evi- 
dent, that, when the Alkaloid is administered internally, there are- 
only four possible ways in which it can cause mydriasis: 1. By 
dieting alone on the sympathetic nerve centers, as a stimulant. 
2. By acting alone on the oculo-motor nerve centers as a paraly- 
zant. 3. By combining these actions. 4. By being carried to the 
■eye, and acting as though locally applied." 
To get rapid and decided effects, as enumerated above, with 
Atropia, dissolve one grain of Atropia in a fluid drachm of water. 
One drop placed upon the conjunctiva will, in from five to fifteen 
minutes, dilate the pupil of the healthy eye to more than double 
its ordinary size, and retain it so for four or five days. Apply 
with a fine camel's-hair pencil at the canthus of the eye. 
Belladonna is a direct tissue-irritant to the eye, producing 
hyperaemia of the ocular membranes, sometimes acute conjunc- 
tivitis, affecting the whole eye, retina, lachrymal sac and canals. 
With this congestion, we have presbyopia, chromatopsia, photop- 
sia, and amaurosis. 
Homatropin or Oxytolugl-tropein.-This is a new Alkaloid pre- 
pared from Atropia by the use of Amygdalic and dilute Hydro- 
chloric acids. It is a mydriatic that in many cases will super- 
sede Atropia; as its mydriatic action is much more rapid than 
that of Atropia or Duboisia, far less irritating than either, and its 
effects much more evanescent. Under the influence of Homatro- 
pin, the pupil begins to dilate in fifteen minutes, and attains its 
maximum size in from forty to sixty minutes, when used in 
solutions of from eight to fifteen grains to the ounce of water. 
When weaker solutions are used,-one and two grains to the 
ounce,-the maximum degree of dilation is not reached until three 
hours after the instillation into the eye. 
After the instillation of Atropia, the patient is unable to read 
for ten days ; after that of Duboisia, for three or four days ; but, 
after that of Homatropin, he can read on the following day. 
This will be a valuable agent for producing temporary mydria- 
sis when necessary for the examination of the fundus of the eye ; 
but, for a therapeutic agent in effecting a forcible dilation of the 
pupil, it will be of but slight utility, on account of its ephemeral 
action. 
In glaucoma of the eye, its use would be dangerous, from its 
action increasing the intra-ocular tension. 210 
BELLADONNA. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
The inception, or starting-point, of the affection is in the brain 
when Belladonna is indicated; and it is during the first stage of 
inflammation, before plastic effusion arrives. 
Furious delirium, with a wild look; wishes to strike, bite, or 
quarrel, face flushed, and eyes red. 
"Almost constant moaning; the child remains in a drowsy or 
sleepy state, with starting and jumping while sleeping; flushed 
face and red eyes."-G. 
"Child cries out suddenly, and ceases just as suddenly."-G. 
Desire to escape, with restlessness and anxiety. 
"Rage; tears the clothes, bites, kicks, strikes, howls, and 
shrieks."-Lippe. 
Crying, laughing, dancing, or muttering delirium, with phan- 
tasms ; heat in head, and Hushed face. 
"Sleepiness, but can not sleep."-G. 
Head.-Violent congestion of blood to the head, with loss of 
consciousness; carotids throb violently; jugulars swollen; face 
bloated and red. Worse from motion and touch; light and noise 
are intolerable. 
When stooping, or rising from a stooping posture, has vertigo, 
with flickering before the eyes, and a tendency to fall backward 
or to the left side. 
"Vertigo, with vanishing of sight, stupefaction and debility." 
-Lippe. 
Epilepsy from irritation of the medulla oblongata, with active 
cerebral congestion ; scarlet face, and foaming at the mouth, (It 
has cured many cases.) 
Infantile convulsions, when of an active character and start- 
ing from the medulla oblongata, with heat in head. 
Neuralgia of the head and face, with flushed face. 
Dizziness, as if everything were going round or swimming, 
with confusion, stupidity, and heat in the head. 
Pains gradually increase until intolerable ; then suddenly de- 
cline, and re-appear elsewhere. 
Marcy and Hunt say: "The specific action of Belladonna is 
on the cerebral system, which is the point from which all its 
symptoms radiate, as from a center, in all diseases. Even the 
inflammations induced by this remedy always emanate from 
within outward, by an increased action in the central organs. 
Thus, in the exanthemata, as soon as the eruption appears, the BELLADONNA. 
211 
severe cerebral symptoms, the headaches and general febrile symp- 
toms [caused by the nervous system irritating the vascular] dis- 
appear. When an exanthematous eruption is suppressed, the 
brain is instantly the seat of a violent attack. Belladonna cures 
only those diseases of the splanchnic nervous system, or of the 
abdomen or uterus, in which there are more or less brain symp- 
toms. In all visceral inflammations cured by Belladonna, we may 
safely conclude that these diseases were expulsions of inimical 
agents which originally threatened to attack the cerebral nervous 
system. The same remarks apply to all fevers, especially typhus, 
or the febris nervosa versatilis." 
Speaking of inflammation, Prof. B. Ludlam says: "Bella- 
donna is centric in its operation. It diminishes the caliber (4' 
the blood-vessels, after having just impressed the cerebro-spinal 
centers. The capillary contraction caused by its primary action, 
is followed by a relaxation in the fibrous coat of the vessels, which 
corresponds to Bennett's second stage of inflammation 
"This change from contraction to dilatation is more or less 
marked in degree, and depends upon a diminution in the reflex 
power of the spinal cord, in the motor current at its source. The 
hyperaemia results from a direct derangement in the function of 
the vaso-motor nerves. Belladonna reduces the hyperaesthesia of 
the nervous system, upon which the congestion is consequent. It 
affords relief by a removal of the cause of the abnormal phenom- 
ena. It does not promote diaphoresis, is not critical in its results, 
has no special relation to the emunctories, but is appropriate to, 
and exercises a calmative influence over, deranged function or 
reflex action." 
Eyes.-Eyes red, glistening and sparkling; wild and unsteady 
look; face red, hot, and swollen. 
Congestion of blood to the eyes, with bright redness of the ves- 
sels ; pupils contracted, and great photophobia. 
Acute conjunctivitis, with pressing pains as if the eyes were 
full of sand, and tearing pains as if the eye would be torn from 
the socket; pupils dilated and insensible. 
Secretion. First burning dryness, then involuntary lachry- 
mation, with pressing pains and intense photophobia. Hyperae- 
mia of the optic nerve and retina, with cerebral congestion; pho- 
topsiac sparks, flames and bright spots. 
Convulsive movements of the eyeballs in the light, with terri- 
ble pressing pains; mydriasis. 
Hyperaesthesia of the retina, in ametropic conditions of the eye. BELLADONNA. 
Neuralgia, particularly affecting the right eye, with a feeling 
as if the eyes would be pressed out of the skull. 
Face.-Face very red and congested, or great redness of the 
face ; heat in the head and throbbing in carotids. 
Face swollen, bright red, erysipelatous. 
Spasmodic distortion of the mouth. 
"Thick, swollen upper lip; gums swollen."-Hg. 
Nose becomes suddenly red at the point, with burning. 
Ears.-Earache, intensely violent, with sharp shocks and 
pressing, tearing pains. (Apply a few drops of a solution of 
Atropia, one grain to the ounce.) 
Illusions of hearing, buzzing, rushing, deafness, and stitching 
in the ears and throat when swallowing. 
Mouth.-Tongue partially paralyzed, right side more affected; 
deep red, trembling tongue. 
Excessive dryness of the fauces; dysphagia, constriction, and 
constant inclination to swallow, which is painful. 
"Sore throat, fauces and pharynx deep red; soft palate and 
tonsils swollen ; swallowing painful, particularly of fluids; speech 
thick; feels as if there was a lump in the throat, which induces 
hawking; throat swollen outside, and sensitive to touch."-Hg. 
Tongue; the papillae are of a deep red, inflamed and enlarged; 
trembling when protruded, sometimes dry and glistening. 
Parotid glands hard, red, and swollen. 
Mercurial salivation. No known remedy will check the sali- 
vary secretion with such promptness as Atropia. 
Tonsillitis. Tonsils bright red and swollen, with great dry- 
ness of the fauces, and complete arrest of the secretions. 
The fauces and tonsils are one of the cardinal centers for the 
action of Atropia. 
Spasms of the throat, can not swallow. 
Inflammation of the buccal cavity, mucous membranes dry, 
red, and swollen. 
Tongue hot, dry, red, cracked ; or red on the edges, with brown 
fur in the center ; tenacious yellow mucus mornings. 
Toothache, of a throbbing, tearing, drawing nature, worse at 
night, from cold air, and from mental exertion and contact. 
A feeling in the throat and oesophagus of constriction, so that 
nothing can be swallowed, it is so dry. 
"Inflammatory affections of the throat can hardly be men- 
tioned in any connection without calling to mind Belladonna as a 
212 BELLADONNA. 
213 
remedy, so universal is its use and so efficacious is it. In simple 
tonsillitis, when the tonsils are swollen and present a bright red 
appearance, with painful and difficult deglutition; at first dry- 
ness of the fauces, and then moderate secretion of ropy mucus or 
saliva, with the characteristic pulse and face, Belladonna suffices 
io effect a cure in a few hours. It is equally useful in pharyngitis, 
in inflammation of the soft palate and uvula, and of the larynx 
when the mucous membrane and the sub-mucous cellular tissue 
are both involved. The redness is vivid; the pain is acute, tense, 
and often throbbing; the arterial action very decided."-D. 
Stomach.-Constant inclination to swallow, a feeling as if he 
would suffocate if he did not swallow. 
Spasms of the stomach during a meal, the pain running to the 
spine ; difficult and scanty vomiting. 
Abdomen.-"Colic in hypogastric region, as if from clutching 
and griping with the nails."-G. [Pressing and fullness of the 
stomach.] 
"Tenderness of the abdomen, is aggravated by the least jar, 
even, of the bed or chair upon which she lies or sits. Obliged 
when walking to step with care."-Hg. 
Pressing, spasmodic, cramp-like pains in epigastrium. 
Stool.-"The child turns very red in the face before and dur- 
ing each stool, which is watery and expelled with great force."- 
Dr. Bayes. 
Involuntary discharge of the faeces, from paralysis of the 
sphincter ani, is a marked svmptom. Frequent tenesmus, with- 
out stool; stools of thin, yellow7 water. 
"Piles, with a feeling as if the back would break."-G. 
"Piles so sensitive to the slightest touch that the patient has 
to lie down, with the nates separated."-Raue. 
Proctalgia, with severe spasms of the sphincter ani. (I se 
Atropia, 2d decimal.) 
In large doses, Stille says, "Belladonna is a remedy par ex- 
cellence for constipation. " 
Urinary Organs.-Involuntary micturition, wets the bed at 
night, restless, starts in sleep. (Use Atropia.) 
Spasms of the urethra and incontinence of urine. Atropia 
blunts the sensibility and allays the spasms of the neck of the 
bladder. A large dose of Atropia at night will act like magic. 
Urination difficult, comes in drops. 214 
BELLADONNA. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Acute inflammation of the testicles, 
with much induration ; sexual desire lost. 
Gonorrhoea, with much inflammation and chordee. 
Sexual instinct lost entirely; testes drawn up. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Pressure downward, as if all the 
contents of the abdomen would protrude through the vulva; es- 
pecially in dysmenorrhoea. 
"Great pressing in the genital organs, as if everything would 
protrude, worse early in the mornings."-G. 
Os uteri rigid, hot, and dry, with cerebral excitement. 
Spasmodic contraction of the uterus. Secretions arrested; 
dysmenorrhoea. 
Acute metritis, with many brain symptoms, delirium, etc. 
Stitching, sharp pains in the ovary, that come suddenly, and 
go suddenly; right ovary enlarged. 
Profuse flooding, blood bright red, with a feeling as if the 
uterus would come through the vagina. 
"Menses too early; blood bright red."-G. 
Offensive metrorrhagia. (Of great value.) 
Vagina hot and dry, especially in labor. 
For mastitis, mammae indurated and very painful, use it 
locally as well as internally. (See "Glands".) 
"Breasts feel heavy; are very hard, and redness runs in radii." 
-G. [It arrests the secretion of milk at once.] 
For acute diseases of the mammae, it is the most useful remedy 
in the Materia Medica. Used locally and internally. 
Respiratory System.-For common colds, with hard, dry, 
teasing, spasmodic cough, worse at night, no remedy in the 
Materia Medica can equal Atropia (2d dec.). The constant sen- 
sation of wanting to cough, where the spasmodic element predom- 
inates, is its great indication. 
"A dry, hacking, spasmodic cough, as if something had fallen 
into the bronchi, or dust had lodged in the larynx; with tight- 
ness in the chest and upper air-tubes; greatly aggravated even- 
ings and when lying down."-D. 
"Takes cold from every draft of air, especially when uncover- 
ing the bead ; complaints from cutting the hair."-Hg. 
Asthma. No bronchial secretions, the dyspnoea is paroxysmal. 
According to Dr. Harley, in asthma originating in peripheral or 
centric nervous irritation, the subcutaneous injection of Atropia 
is followed by long continued relief. The dose must be large if 
Belladonna is used. 215 
Nervous, spasmodic, dry cough, at night; loose mornings. 
Whooping-cough. In some epidemics, Atropia will cure the 
cough in one week. 
"Especially in irritable and inflammatory conditions of the 
larynx and trachea; the cough is dry; or, if there be any sputa, 
it is only after long coughing, consisting of mucus, or mucus and 
blood; aggravated in the evening or early night, particularly just 
after lying down."-D. 
Skin.-Eruptions, smooth, scarlet color, with very pale face; 
or face hot, red, and swollen. 
"Erysipelas, with smooth, shining skin, and not much swol- 
len."-Raue. [Eruptions appear suddenly and vanish suddenly.] 
Skin highly congested, dry, bright red and smooth surface, as 
found in boils, scarlatina, and erysipelas. 
In disposition to perspire, especially copious night sweats, 
material doses of Belladonna, especially Atropia, are of great 
value. The Allopathic school use it to arrest the secretion of 
perspiration in all kinds of colliquative sweats, but give decided 
preference to its hypodermic and local use. Dr. Fothergill has 
had marked success in the sweating of phthisis. He gives from 
one-seventieth of a grain, but sometimes has to give as much as 
one-twentieth, of Atropia. He uses a liniment of eau de Cologne, 
in abundant, foul-smelling swreat of the feet or arm-pits. 
Atropia promptly checks sweating produced by a hot Turkish 
bath. The 100th (our first centesimal) will in a few seconds com- 
pletely dry the skin, and maintain it dry, notwithstanding the 
continuance of the bath. 
Sudden hot flushes, followed by perspiration, at the climac- 
teric. (Use Atropia.) 
Inflammations that come suddenly and leave suddenly; and 
the same with neuralgia. 
Inflammation of the encephalon in the first stage of engorge- 
ment and plastic deposit. As soon as serous effusion commences, 
the case is beyond the province of Belladonna; and such reme- 
dies as Bry., Arn., Hell-., Sulph., and Zinc, should be studied. 
"Where there is doubt whether Aconite or Belladonna should 
be given, I have always found that a disposition to perspire con- 
stitutes a valuable indication for Belladonna."-Baehr. 
Exophthalmic goiter. Dr. R. T. Smith has made two most 
brilliant cures with Belladonna in five-drop doses. We should 
try it hypodermically in goiter. 
BELLADONNA. 216 
BELLADONNA. 
To relieve neuralgia in any part of the body, Atropia locally, 
by injection under the skin over the pain, or given internally, is 
of great value. 
Upper Limbs.-"Shooting pains in the left shoulder, with 
drawing pains in the inner side of arm; great weakness of the 
arm."-Hah. 
"Paralytic, drawing, pressing pains in upper extremities, with 
tearing pains in the joints of the fingers ; the pains come and go 
suddenly. "-Hah. 
Convulsive movements of the limbs; hands and feet heavy. 
Lower Limbs.-"Pain in thighs and legs as if beaten; gnaw- 
ing pains along the bones ; tearing in the joints ; pain gradually 
rises from the tarsal joints to the hips ; necessitating while sitting 
constant motion and shifting of the feet."-Hah. 
Tearing pains in middle of inside leg, uninfluenced by motion. 
Over-excitability of all the senses; great restlessness, sudden 
starting. 
Fever.-Fever commencing in the night; much chilliness, fol- 
lowed by much heat, high temperature, intense burning heat 
within and without; thirst after sweat; head much congested. 
General dry heat without thirst; sleep exceedingly restless. 
For copious night sweats, Atropia, 2d dec., is of great value. 
Inflammation and induration of glands. 
Aggravation.-Afternoons, evenings; especially at night. 
Amelioration.-During rest, and in warm room. BORAX. 
217 
BORAX. 
Biborate of Soda. 
Habitat: Europe, Asia, etc. Mineral. Trituration and Aqueous solution. 
Antidotes.-Camphor, Coffea (Aggravated by Acids and Wine.) 
Through the organic nervous system, Borax has four special centers 
of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. Aphthous Inflammation. 
II. Skin. Unhealthy; Slight Injuries Suppurate. 
III. Sexual Organs, Women. Ecbolic; Stimulates Menstruation. 
IV. Locally. Powerful Antiseptic and Disinfectant. 
Mucous Membranes.-Borax produces aphthous inflamma- 
tion, especially of the buccal cavity and anus, which is probably 
caused by an undue generation of acid, the result of the fermenta- 
tion of the food in the primae viae. 
Skin.-Slight injuries suppurate, and the skin is unhealthy, 
from an acid state of the blood, producing pruriginous eruptions. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Many physicians believe Borax to 
be a real ecbolic. It certainly exerts a stimulating action upon 
the uterus; and Dr. Golding Bird has seen it produce abortion 
twice. Pereira says it promotes menstruation; alleviates the 
pain ; facilitates parturition ; allaying the pain, and favoring the 
expulsion of the placenta and lochia. 
Locally.-Recent investigations have revealed that Borax is a 
powerful antiseptic and disinfectant. It is a direct poison to the 
lower forms of life; 0.75 per cent of Boracic acid is sufficient to 
prevent the development of bacteria ; and some day it will have a 
wide range in antiseptic surgery. It is readily dissolved in water, 
which makes it still more useful. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
In excessively acid people, especially children, Borax will pro- 
duce, at once, an alkaline blood pabulum, and strike at the cause 
of all the suffering. 218 
BORAX. 
"Very important in many cases of difficult dentition, and 
catarrhal affections of little children."-F. 
"Very nervous; can not sleep well; starts at tlie least 
noise."-G. 
"Can not bear a downward motion, as in a swing, in a rocking- 
chair, or in running down stairs."- G. 
"Child can not bear a downward motion, not even during 
sleep ; the downward motion of even putting it into bed, or cradle, 
will surely awaken it " (G.) "or lifting up its feet to put on a di- 
aper. "-F. 
Digestive Organs.-Aphthae that appear suddenly; the whole 
buccal cavity covered with the white fungous growth, which seems 
to be limited to the mouth and fauces. The 1st dec. will act like 
a charm; or, better still, small pieces of the Borax may be held 
in the mouth and let slowly dissolve. Cures at once. 
"Great heat and dryness of the mouth."-G. 
"Aphthae, the child frequently lets go of the nipple; showing 
signs of pain in the mouth from nursing."-G. 
The child can not nurse, the aphthous inflammation is so 
painful. (Use dry powder in the mouth.) 
Child has much colic and indigestion, and is extremely nerv- 
ous, from excessive acidity. 
"When there are four or five diarrhceic stools a day, of a light 
yellow color, or watery, the stools being largely mixed with mu- 
cus, the stomach being excessively sour, without any great 
emaciation, Borax is decidedly in its place."-Baehr. 
"Frequent, soft, light yellow, slimy stools, with faintness and 
debility."-G. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-In acid women, with aphthous 
abrasions of the os uteri and vagina, with acid leucorrhoea, pro- 
ducing intense prurigo. 
"White, thick, pasty leucorrhoea."-Hah. 
"White, albuminous leucorrhoea, with a sensation as of warm 
water flowing."-G. 
"Menses too soon, too profuse, attended with nausea, colic, 
and pain extending from the stomach to the small of the back, 
with sharp pains in the groins."-G. 
"Pain from the stomach to the small of the back, before the 
menses."-G. 
"Membranous dysmenorrhoea in large doses, three to five 
grains of the crude drug."-Dr. E. A. Lodge. [Dr. Hale has con- BORAX. 
219 
firmed this in one case; but I have tried it in a number of cases, 
and every time it was nil.] 
"Easy conception during the use of Borax, observed in hve 
women."-Hah. [Confirmed many times.] 
"A woman, sterile for fourteen years, from acid leucorrheea, 
received Borax and became pregnant. The leucorrheea im- 
proved."-Hah. 
Labor-pains are accompanied by violent and frequent eructa- 
tions. 
"Stitching through the right pectoral region, musty expecto- 
ration, connected with menstruation. (Borax will almost surely 
help.)"-H. N. Martin, M. D 
"Acne, in plethoric young females. (Used locally.)"-Hughes. 
For pruritus pundendi and eczema of the vulva, one teaspoon- 
ful of the Boracic acid dissolved in one pint of water, used hot, 
will be found of great value. The hot water with the Borax 
renders the lotion far more efficacious than if cold were used. 
Generalities.-Hoarseness. Dr. Carson finds that a piece of 
Borax the size of a pea, dissolved in the mouth, acts magically in 
restoring the voice 
Locally, Boracic acid is of great service in many skin diseases. 
Borax has been much employed as a cosmetic to remove freckles 
and discolorations of the skin; half a drachm to half an ounce of 
water. 
Child wakes at 3 a. m.; can not fall asleep again, feels so hot 
and feverish. 
Aggravation.-Morning, and in warm weather. 
Amelioration.-Evening, and in cold weather. BRYONIA ALBA. 
220 
BRYONIA ALBA. 
White Bryonia. 
Habitat: Europe, etc. Fresh plant, gathered before in lorescence; Class I. 
Antidotes.-Aeon., Camph., Coff.. Rhus, Cham.. Seneg . Nux vom., Alum., Puls. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Bryonia has four special 
centers of action: 
I. Serous Membranes. Rheumatoid Inflammation; Effusions. 
II. Mucous Membranes. Arrested Secretions. 
III. Muscular System. Rheumatoid Inflammation. 
IV. Circulation. Accelerated. Temperature Elevated. 
Serous Membranes.- Bryonia produces inflammation of a 
torpid, rheumatic character, followed by serous effusion. It selects, 
especially, parenchymatous organs inclosed in serous membranes, 
especially affecting the pleurae of the lungs and of the thorax; 
next in order the arachnoid; then the synovial membranes, 
liver, peritoneum, kidneys, and muscular fiber. The powerful 
and specific influence it has over serous membranes and muscu- 
lar fiber, with its fever and sour sweats, all point to its rheumatic 
base. It is believed that most cases of inflammation affecting 
serous membranes are of a rheumatic character; and this shows 
us why Bryonia is so useful in diseases of serous membranes. 
Of the two chief viscera enfolded by the peritoneum, the liver 
is much more affected than the kidneys, with tensive, burning 
pains over the liver, with jaundice. 
"If you will read the autopsies of the animals poisoned at 
Vienna, this fact will abundantly appear. In the first, the pleurae 
were injected and full of serum, and the peritoneum and arach- 
noid only were reddened; but, in the sixth, the pleurae were as in 
the first, and the pericardial vessels were injected. Correspond- 
ingly, the provers have the characteristic pleuritic pains, with 
fever; and, although the symptoms of the head, heart, and abdo- 
men, are undecisive, they at least do not forbid the supposition 
of an affection of their respective serous membranes. Moreover, 
those close allies of the serous sacs, the synovial membranes, 
which are more easily affected by drug action, give plain indica- BRYONIA ALBA. 
221 
tion of suffering from Bryonia. The joints swell and become 
tender, especially those of the fingers. . . . 
"It is curious, that, of all the serous membranes, the pleurae are 
the most readily influenced by Bryonia ; so, of all the viscera, the 
lungs are those which suffer most. The short, quick, and op- 
pressed breathing, with heat and pain in the chest, experienced 
by the provers, finds its interpretation in the phenomena pre- 
sented by the poisoned animals. In these, the lungs were always 
of deeper color, with diminished crepitation, while in two the 
lower lobes were hepatized. ... 
"Next to the lungs, the brain is the organ which shows most 
signs of being affected by Bryonia. There is no perversion of the 
sensorial functions, as with Belladonna, and the determination of 
blood does not pass beyond the stage of congestion. But up to 
this point it is very well marked; and the provers get a hot and 
red face, with headache (generally frontal), sense of weight and 
fullness, vertigo, and often epistaxis."-Hughes. 
Noack and Trinks say: "Bryonia excites both the peripheral 
nerves and capillary vessels, thus giving rise to symptoms inter- 
mediate between inflammation and nervous irritation. It has 
striking relations with serous membranes, and is especially suita- 
ble in hyperaemia of the latter. Bryonia is especially indicated 
in affections where resorption is required; in typhoid infiltrations, 
serous effusions, and sanguineous exudations." 
Mucous Membranes.-Bryonia especially affects the large 
intestines, producing an atonic, dry mucous surface, with consti- 
pation : or intense colitis, with muco-bloody stools, as found in 
dysentery. Peyer's glands are also affected similarly as in en- 
teric fever, where Bryonia has gained so many laurels. 
Hahnemann says: "Bryonia is one of the few remedies, of 
which the primary action is to diminish the intestinal excretion 
and peristaltic action; and there is no desire for stool." 
Dr. R. Hughes says: "Bryonia is an acrid, and hence large 
doses can not but irritate the alimentary mucous membrane. 
Accordingly, we have in the provers sore throat, vomiting and diar- 
rhoea, with colic and flatulence ; in animals, an aphthous mouth, 
and ulcers in the stomach and intestines. But the essential 
phenomena of Bryonia in the gastro-intestinal sphere do not 
seem to depend upon irritation of the mucous membrane. They 
are water-brash (with this, there is the characteristic contractive 
pain at the lower end of the oesophagus), bitter risings and vom- 
itings, pressure on the stomach, feeling of load as if a stone were 
there, and constipation." 222 
BRYONIA ALBA. 
" The respiratory mucous membrane is unquestionably affected 
by Bryonia; though I doubt whether the irritation extends lower 
than the first division of the bronchi. The symptoms (pain, 
cough), whenever located, are referred to the trachea and its bifur- 
cation ; and these parts only were found injected in the poisoned 
animals. The pneumonia set up by Bryonia was never associated 
with bronchitis; in this, it is strikingly different from that of 
Tartar emetic and Phosphorus. If Bryonia causes nasal catarrh, 
it is dry, and the cough has little expectoration, and is continu- 
ous, irritating, and violent, often causing retching, and pains in 
the walls of the chest."-Hughes. 
The foolish repetition of M. Curie's statement, that Bryonia 
causes pseudo-membranous formation in the trachea, claiming it to 
be a dynamic effect of the drug, I am sorry to say, has carried the 
astute mind of Dr. R. Hughes to make a gross error. Never was 
a more nonsensical thing palmed off on the profession. In poi- 
soning animals with such large doses of tinctures, great quantities 
of the drug pass down the trachea; and, through its mechanical 
irritation, it produces this pseudo-membrane. I produced most 
beautiful specimens of this effect with Baptisia and Rqbinia, in 
dogs, the whole length of the trachea, and found alcohol would 
do the same thing. At first, I was delighted, but soon learned 
that, practically, it amounted to nothing; and any man who pins 
his faith on curing membranous croup, or any pseudo-membrane, 
with Bryonia, will have the reward of making out a death certifi- 
cate. 
Muscular System.-"In one of the animals poisoned with 
Bryonia at Vienna, where a very minute autopsy was made by a 
practical pathologist, it is noticed that the substance of the heart 
and the muscles of the neck were intensely red. Putting this 
together with the soreness and the pain on motion experienced 
by the provers in so many parts of the body, even to the produc- 
tion of pleurodynia and lumbago, I venture to set down our drug 
as a specific irritant to muscular fiber. As we have no other 
medicine with such an action, we must not lose even the hint of 
it supplied by these facts."-Hughes. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Bryonia is the sovereign remedy for all inflammations that 
have advanced to the stage of serous effusion. This action ex- 
tends over all the serous membranes. BRYONIA ALBA. 
223 
Hempel says: "Bryonia is particularly adapted to inflamma- 
tions of a torpid character, when developing themselves from a 
rheumatic base; or, in acute inflammations which threaten to 
pass into the stage of exudation or paralysis, with a small, soft, or 
even compressible and somewhat accelerated pulse." 
Dr. C. Dunham says: "Bryonia's action, as appears from the 
proving, is exerted chiefly upon the nervous system of animal 
life, presiding over ratiocination and voluntary motion; upon the 
gastro-intestinal regions producing various perversions of diges- 
tion, a deficient intestinal secretion, and a form of constipation, 
and, moreover, the symptoms of a well-marked hepatitis. Upon 
the respiratory mucous membrane, the action of Bryonia, though 
evident, is subordinate. The serous membranes of the large 
cavities, and of the joints, and the ligaments, are eminently 
affected. Finally, the female sexual organs are in such wise af- 
fected that menorrhagia is produced, the discharge being florid. 
"The secretions from the intestinal surfaces are diminished; 
the capillary circulation somewhat impeded in the mucous mem- 
branes, but particularly so in the serous membranes which line 
the closed cavities of the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, and 
joints. As a sequel of this impediment, we have effusion (so 
called) into the cavities." 
In all diseases, the great characteristic for Bryonia is stitch- 
ing, tearing pains, greatly aggravated by motion, relieved by rest, 
and worse at night. 
People with a choleric temperament, bilious tendency, dark 
hair and complexion, with firm, fleshy fiber. 
Head.-Exceedingly irritable; everything makes him angry. 
Headache as if it would split open ; greatly aggravated by motion, 
opening the eyes, or stooping; relieved by pressure and closing 
the eyes. 
Congestive headache as if the forehead would burst open, 
sometimes with epistaxis. 
Confusion of the head, a distracted state of the sensorium. 
When we consider this symptom in conjunction with the peculiar 
febrile symptoms, the lassitude, etc., we shall perceive its signifi- 
cance. 
"Great heaviness of the whole head; weight upon the vertex. 
Vertigo when fasting, when standing, and especially on first 
rising from a seat, compelling to sit, often conjoined with head- 
ache in the occiput, aggravated by motion."-D. 224 
BRYONIA ALBA. 
"The majority of the head symptoms of Bryonia refer to the 
occiput; and we shall find it more frequently called for in head- 
ache involving the occiput. The pathologico-anatomical results 
of Bryonia-poisoning are: Redness of the diploe, injection of the 
inner surface of the cranium, congestion of the membranes. A 
section of the cerebral substances is dotted here and there with 
blood."-D. 
"The head symptoms point to inflammation of the brain; but 
I think the character of the fever and of the affection of the sen- 
sorium is such as to show that it is not likely to be a remedy in 
pure idiopathic encephalitis. If a remedy in encephalitis at all, 
it must be in those cases in which meningitis has supervened, by 
metastasis or otherwise, from some miasmatic or exanthematic 
disease. "-Zlatarovich. 
"Bryonia is of great value in simple non-inflammatory con- 
gestion of the brain, arising from suppressed menstruation; 
exposure to intense cold, sea-sickness, or long-lasting constipa- 
tion."-Hughes. 
Eyes.-Eyes very sore, and feel as if they would be pressed 
out of the head; fear of the future. Rheumatic iritis, ciliaiy 
neuralgia. Choroiditis ; serous, exudative form. Rheumatic hy- 
persemia of optic nerve and retina. 
Nose.-Frequent bleeding of the nose, when the menses should 
appear; frequent epistaxis. (Very valuable.) 
Face.-Swollen, red, hot, and puffed; eyes closed; erysipel- 
atous. 
Mouth.-Lips dry and cracked; patient wants to wet them 
with his tongue all the time. 
"Desire for things that can not be had, or which are refused 
or not wanted when offered."-G. 
Tongue coated grayish, or thickly yellow, with lips dry and 
cracked ; or dry, brown tongue. 
"Motion more or less constant, of the jaws, as if chewing some- 
thing; lips dry and cracked."-G. 
Shooting pains in the teeth. 
The mouth is unusually dry, with thirst. 
Everything tastes bitter. 
Stomach.-"Can not sit up, from nausea and faintness."-G. 
"Food is thrown up immediately after eating, with constipa- 
tion, and the lips dry and cracked."-G. BRYONIA ALBA. 
225 
Pressure in the pit of the stomach, as if there was a stone in 
it; goes off with much eructation; lasts two hours. 
Bitter or sour eructations, with sour vomiting. 
Stomach becomes extremely sensitive to the touch or pressure. 
Abdomen.-"Pressure in the epigastrium, worse after eating 
and when walking; this pain sometimes extends all over the 
abdomen."-D. 
"Pains, stitching and shooting, in both sides of the abdomen, 
the stitches most frequent in the region of the spleen; aggravated 
by motion."-D. 
Tensive, burning pains in the hepatic region. 
Peritonitis, with sticking, burning pains; abdomen very sore to 
the touch, with constipation. 
Zlatarovich calls especial attention to the tenderness of the 
abdominal walls generally; to the burning pains along the con- 
nection of the diaphragm with the ribs; to the sensitiveness of 
the hepatic region to the touch and on deep inspiration; also to 
the fact that Bryonia diminishes the intestinal secretions, weakens 
the peristaltic action of the bowels, and retards the stool. In- 
flammation of the liver, with stitching pains, worse by motion; 
the liver sometimes is much enlarged. 
Stool.-Diarrhoea in the morning, soon as she moves. 
Diarrhoea brought on by cold drinks in warm weather. Burn- 
ing diarrhoea (acid); worse in hot weather. 
"Diarrhoea worse every spell of hot weather."-G. 
Dysentery, much tormina ; stools of mucus and blood, or pure 
blood ; with low typhoid symptoms. 
* Constipation, stools dry and hard as if burnt. 
Stool large, solid, evacuated with great difficulty, frequently 
attended by prolapsus of the rectum, sometimes attended with 
alternate diarrhoea and constipation. 
Urinary Organs.-The urine red, hot, and diminished in 
quantity. 
Sexual Organs, Female. - Bryonia uniformly hastens the 
coming on of the menses, and increases the flow. 
"Frequent bleeding of the nose when the menses should ap- 
pear."- G. 
During menstruation, has tearing pains in the abdomen and 
legs, aggravated by motion. 226 
BRYONIA ALBA. 
Milk Fever.-"Bryonia is one of our most valuable remedies 
in this fever; for it is one in which chill predominates; it is a 
mixture of chill and fever, the chill much in excess; and, more- 
over, the gland which is the seat of the pain becomes rapidly sore 
and sensitive to touch or motion. Bryonia is the foremost remedy 
in inflammation of the mammae during lactation."-D 
Stony hardness of the mammae. 
Respiratory Organs.-"We lay great stress on the fact, that, 
in the Bryonia catarrh, the mucous secretion is diminished; be- 
cause a great majority of the symptoms which are considered to 
indicate Bryonia derive their significance from this fact, and it 
will serve to keep them in memory: They are, hoarseness, hack- 
ing cough, which sets in, especially in the morning and evening; 
generally dry, or yielding but a little tenacious mucus, which is 
sometimes streaked with blood, and sometimes causes retching 
and vomiting; with stitching pains in the chest, and pressive 
pains in the head."-Dr. Wurmb. 
Violent catarrh, involving the pleura, with stitching pains, 
greatly aggravated by deep inspiration, or motion. 
Dr. Dunham says: "It is.very characteristic of the Bryonia 
cough, that, while coughing, the patient presses his hand upon 
the sternum, as though he needed to support the chest during the 
violent exertion; and the parts which are the seat of subjective 
pain become subsequently sensitive to external pressure." 
Tough, scanty, bloody expectoration. 
Can not expand the chest, by reason of the stitching. 
Pains in the sides of the thorax, with dry cough, which seems 
to come from the stomach. 
Pleuro-pneumonia. Bryonia is almost a specific ; and, in the 
second stage of pleurisy, after the stage of serous effusion has 
commenced, no remedy can equal Bryonia. 
Fever.-Cold, chilly sensations predominate in fevers calling 
for Bryonia, showing that the posterior portion of the spinal col- 
umn is especially affected. 
Boenninghausen describes the Bryonia fever as follows : "Pulse 
hard, frequent, and tense; chill and coldness predominate, often 
with heat of the head, red cheeks and thirst; chill with external 
coldness of the body; chill and coldness most at evening, or on 
the right side of the body; chill more in the room than in the open 
air; dry, burning heat, for the most part only internally, and as 
if the blood burned in the veins. 
"All the symptoms aggravated during the heat. Sour sweat." BRYONIA ALBA. 
227 
The action of Bryonia upon the serous and fibrous tissue, as 
shown by the stitching, tearing pains, makes this drug one of our 
most important remedies in rheumatism. Its symptoms of the 
extremities simulate a muscular rheumatism; while its action 
upon the joints shows it to be still more appropriate to articular 
rheumatism. The joints are much swollen and reddened; streaks 
of red extending up and down the limb; very sensitive to touch, 
and especially aggravated by motion, and not apt to change its 
location. 
Back.-Here we have a variety of rheumatoid symptoms; 
as "sticking, jerking, pressing pains between the scapulae, and ex- 
tending thence through to the epigastrium when sitting; pain in 
the lumbar region and sacral region as if beaten ; stiffness, tear- 
ing, and tenderness in the joints and muscles of the lumbar 
region, which prevent motion and stooping; these are felt most 
when standing or sitting, and not so much when lying."-D. 
Upper Limbs.-"The limbs and the joints swell, become red, 
and are very sensitive to touch or motion, but are relieved by 
warmth; the small joints pain as if luxated."-D. 
"Painful pressure in the right shoulder when at rest, with tear- 
ing pains in rnner surface of fore-arms; stitching pains from 
slightest motion."-Hah. 
Lower Limbs.-Here all the symptoms point to rheumatism; 
as weariness, heaviness and stiffness of all the joints. 
"Great painfulness of right thigh; the pain comes from the 
head of femur and extends along the anterior surface of thigh to 
knee. Synovitis of knee-joint; red, swollen, excessively painful 
to touch and on motion; effusion into joints."-D. 
Bruised pain in calf of leg; hot swelling of the ankles and feet; 
joints very stiff; stretching out or motion is excessively painful; 
acute inflammatory rheumatism. 
Limbs so weak is compelled to sit down; legs tremble, and the 
knees knock together. 
Swelling of the ankles and feet; pain as if sprained.# 
Acute inflammatory rheumatism, with all its symptoms. 
Every spot in the body is painful oil pressure. * 
Aggravation.-Motion greatly aggravates the pains of Bry- 
onia ; also cold; mental excitement; sitting up ; noises ; and at 
night. 
Amelioration.-During rest; w7armth of bed; warm weather; 
after perspiration, and in the day-time. 228 
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS. 
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS. 
Night Blooming- Cereus. 
Habitat: West Indies, Mexico, etc. Tincture of the young twigs and flowers, Class III. 
Antidotes.-Aeon., Camph., Cinch., Bry., Rhus tox. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Cactus has three special 
centers of action: 
I. Circ'n. Stimulation; Contraction of Circular Arterial Fibers. 
II. Pneumogastric Nerve. Paresis; Acid Stomach. 
III. Muscular System. Rheumatoid Inflammation. 
Heart and Arteries.-Cactus is a special irritant of the 
heart, and controls its action through the ganglia of that organ. 
It also especially acts upon the first cervical ganglion, that con- 
trols the circulation of the brain. Through this, it affects the cir- 
cular fibers of the heart and arteries; causing irritability, hyper- 
esthesia, neuralgia, spasm, and palpitation of the heart. 
Pneumogastries.-By its action upon the pneumogastric 
nerve, Cactus affects the heart, lungs, and stomach; producing, 
in the stomach, indigestion and excessive acidity; in the lungs, 
constriction and asthma. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
In all diseases calling for Cactus, there will be more or less 
irregularity of the heart's action, with great nervous excitement, 
and palpitation in the scrobiculus. 
Debilitated people, with indigestion, and a feeling of constric- 
tion, or as if an iron band were around the heart, preventing its 
normal action. 
Palpitation of the heart day and night, with great melancholy, 
from indigestion. 
Sense of contraction in all parts of the body. 
Difficulty in breathing, with great nervous excitability. 
Rheumatic diseases where there is more or less cardiac dis- 
turbance and the central organ of circulation is at fault. CALCAREA CARBONICA. 
229 
Pressive headache in the vertex during the menopausia. 
Dr. Rubina claims that it does not weaken the nervous system 
like Aconite, while at the same time it relieves congestion and re- 
moves irritations similarly to Aconite. 
Aggravation.-Morning, evening, and from motion. 
Amelioration.-In open air. 
calcarea CARBONICA. 
Carbonate of Lime 
Chemical preparation from Oyster shell. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Nitric acid, Sulphur, Nux vomica, Camphor Mercury. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Calcarea has five 
special centers of action : 
I. Osseous System. Non-Ossification, Rachitis, and Caries. 
II. Lymphatic Glandular System. Atony and Hypertrophy. 
III. Skin. Pale, Atonic, Flabby; Copious Perspiration. 
IV. Mucous Membranes. Catarrhal Mucorrhoea. 
V. Blood. Hydrcemia; Ancemia; Water Increased. 
Osseous System, Including Cartilages. - The Carbonate 
and especially the Phosphate, of Lime, is a necessary constituent 
of all the tissues of the body, both hard and soft. It forms more 
than fifty per cent of the substance of the bone and teeth, and 
gives them their solidity ; to the soft and growing tissues, muscles, 
and nerves, Lime is an essential food, promoting cell growth and 
nutrition ; and it is found in abundance in the inter-cellular fluid 
of the body; also, in smaller quantities, in the blood. 
Dr. Ringer says, that in the herbivora the inter-cellular fluid is 
as rich in this salt as in the carnivora, though the vegetable feed- 
ers take so little of it with their food; hence it must be carefully 
retained in the inter-cellular fluid for some important purpose. 
Schmidt's observations show that a certain quantity of Phos- 
phate of Lime is required to supply the first basis for the new tis- 
sues, even in the case of those organs which subsequently exhibit 230 
CALCAREA CARBONICA. 
an excess of Carbonate of Lime, as the shells of animals; an obser- 
vation showing that the Phosphate of Lime is necessary to initiate 
growth, and, in this respect, is not interchangeable with the Car- 
bonate. 
Wherever cell-growth is active, there is Phosphate of Lime in 
excess,- a statement holding good both with regard to healthy 
and diseased growths; for this salt is found to prevail in disease 
associated with rapid formation. 
Phosphate of Lime is soluble in acids ; and, as the inter-cellular 
fluid is acid, wTe should therefore expect that the Phosphate would 
accumulate in it; and a portion of these Lime salts may unite in 
the body and form Phosphoric acid. 
The withdrawal of the salts of Lime from the body produces 
an atonic state of the vegetative nervous system, thereby caus- 
ing imperfect ossification from lack of Phosphate of Lime, 
as found in children with slow dentition, late closing of the font- 
anelles, walking at a late date, caries, and a general state of ra- 
chitis. According to Roloff, a herd of cows which had been fed 
upon hay from a certain meadow, were very much out of health, 
and suffered from fragilitas ossium.' On examination, the hay was 
found to be nearly free from earthy salts ; and, upon bone meal 
being given to the cows, they recovered their health in four 
weeks. 
Haubner affirms that cattle fed exclusively upon potatoes, or 
upon roots very poor in phosphates, fail to fatten, become weak, 
and are apt to suffer from caries ; but if the Phosphate of Calcium 
is given, they rapidly improve. Boker has found, that, when Lime 
salts are given to wet-nurses whose milk contains an abnormally 
small amount of phosphates, the milk soon becomes rich in the 
earthy salts. 
Lime should not be taken out of the food of man or animals. 
If it is, sooner or later they waste, sicken, and die. 
In the ligaments and white structures that have but little 
vitality or blood, and are nourished by lymph, obstructions and 
non-development predominate. 
Lymphatic Glandular System.-The lymphatic glandular 
system in general, and the mesenteric glands in particular, are in 
an atonic, hypertrophied condition, as found in tabes mesenterica; 
a general disorder of the secondary assimilation prevails, and 
the digestion of food and its metamorphosis into blood and tis- 
sue do not proceed as they should do. Consequently, there follows 
a large class of diseases due to disorders of the secondary assimi- 
lation. scrofula, tuberculosis, and the like. CALCAREA CARBONICA. 
231 
"M. Seissier has found, that, in the early stages of phthisis, 
there is a very great increase in the excretion of the earthy phos- 
phates by the kidneys; and the researches of Prof. Beneke are 
said to have shown that this increased renal elimination, which 
plainly occurs in several allied diseases, is not accompanied by 
any increase in the amount ingested in the food, or decrease of 
the amount eliminated by the intestines, and that, consequently, 
there is very decided wasting of the normal phosphates of the 
body. This being so, the use of Phosphates in these diseases is 
as rational as that of Iron in anaemia."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Goiter, or bronchocele, is a prominent effect of Lime taken to 
excess in the system by the use of water impregnated with Lime 
salts. 
Skin.-Pale, dry, and flabby; hair dry and looks like tow; 
head and upper part of the body perspire profusely; feet per- 
spire, and feel as if they had cold, damp stockings upon them con- 
tinually. Unhealthy skin; it often ulcerates from the slightest 
cause. 
Mucous Membranes. - Catarrhal inflammation, with in- 
creased secretion of mucus. In all parts of the system where we 
have mucous membranes. 
Blood.-Calcarea produces hydraemia, anaemia, and general 
lack of the red corpuscles, with increase of the water from imper- 
fect assimilation of food. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
This remedy is especially adapted to constitutional diseases of 
scrofulous people, and is particularly suitable for women and chil- 
dren of leuco-phlegmatic temperament, where the assimilation of 
the digested food and its change into tissue do not proceed as 
they should. 
Children with dry, flabby skin ; large, open fontanelles ; much 
perspiration in large drops on the head, which w'ets the pillow far 
around where the child is sleeping; and fragilitas ossium. 
"Fair and pale children, the muscles soft and flabby; hair dry, 
and looks like tow."-G. 
People that are weakly in general; walking produces great 
fatigue in going up stairs, is out of breath; has to sit down to 
breathe. 232 
CALCAREA CARBONICA. 
The feet perspire, and feel constantly as if they had on cold, 
damp stockings. 
Tendency to early obesity. "The activity of the lymph glands 
is not proportional to the capacity for assimilation; oxidation is 
imperfect; hence, there is a rapid deposit of fat in cellular tissue, 
especially about the abdomen; but tissues are imperfectly nour- 
ished ; though apparently robust, he is really sickly; his plethora 
is apparent; his blood is watery, and contains too many white 
corpuscles."-Dr. E. A. Farrington. 
Cold, damp air seems to go right through the patient, and he is 
constantly taking cold; much emaciation; and in children with 
bloated abdomen. 
Hughes says : "Calcarea is indicated, not in primary, but in 
secondary, disorders of assimilation. These are scrofula; tuber- 
culosis, and rachitis. It is useful for rachitis, difficult dentition, 
imperfect ossification; delay of the power of walking; for scrof- 
ula, adenitis, mesenteric disease, chronic diarrhoea, eruptions, etc." 
"It is peculiar to Calcarea that the head very easily becomes 
cold, and seems affected thereby, so that headache results, and 
the integuments of that particular part become sensitive. A mus- 
cular strain produces headache."-D. 
Head.-Vertigo on running up stairs is a marked symptom. 
"Fear of going crazy, or that people will see her, and suppose 
her to be crazy."-/A/. 
"Anxiousness, shuddering, and awe, as soon as the evening 
comes on. As often as the patient falls asleep, the same disagree- 
able feelings arouse him."-Hg. 
Head too large; fontanelles not closing; great accumulation 
of dandruff on the top, with copious perspiration of the head 
and upper part of the body. 
"Chronic headache depending upon brain-fag; the pain is dull; 
worse in the morning, and the head often cold."-Hughes. 
Much mental trouble about imaginary things. 
"Great fear, as if located in the epigastrium, causing a sensa- 
tion as if from a shock."-Jahr. 
"Heavy, aching, pressing headaches; worse by reading and 
stooping; stooping produces a bewildered sensation."-G. 
"A feeling of congestion alternating with a sensation of icy 
coldness in the head."-D. 
Eyes.-Chronic scrofulous conjunctivitis, with excessive secre- 
tion of mucus in the eyes (marked symptom); lids very much 
swollen; great lachrymation and photophobia. CALCAREA CARBONICA. 
233 
Dimness of the cornea; all objects look as if seen through a 
mist; ulceration and opacities of the cornea. 
Long-lasting supra-orbital neuralgia. 
The curative sphere of Calcarea is very extended in sub-acute 
and chronic diseases of the eye, depending mainly upon the gen- 
eral cachexia of the patient. 
Ears.-Chronic otitis in scrofulous children, with much muco- 
purulent discharge; noises; deafness, and sputtering sound in 
the ears. 
Mouth.-Tongue coated and white; sides blistered. 
"Sour taste in the mouth, or of food; sour vomiting, especially 
in children during dentition, and sour diarrhoea."-Hg. 
Toothache from cold water, or cold air; slow dentition. 
Stomach.-"Acid dyspepsia, most obstinate cases ; the fount 
of acid seems inexhaustible."-Hughes. 
Everything eaten rises acid, especially fats, oil, or sugar. 
"Longing for eggs, particularly with children, in sickness, or 
during convalescence."-Jig. 
"The tongue is sore at the tip, sides, or dorsum, so that she can 
scarcely eat."-G. 
"Vomiting of the ingesta, which tastes sour."-Lippe. 
"In cholera infantum; excessive acidity of the stomach, and 
partial or total deficiency of biliary secretions."-Baehr. 
"Swelling over the pit of the stomach, like a saucer turned 
bottom up."-G. [Very characteristic .] 
Stool.-"Copious, watery, sour-smelling diarrhoea is the surest 
indication for Calcarea."-Baehr. 
Painless, putrid, sour-smelling diarrhoea, worse evenings. 
"White, chalk-like stools."-G. [Abdomen bloated.] 
"Chronic diarrhoea, clay-like stools."-Hughes. 
"Feeling of coldness in the abdomen and thighs."-G. 
"Can not bear tight clothing around the hypochondria."-G. 
Kidneys.-"There are involuntary emissions of urine when 
walking."-G. 
Urine has a brown, bloody, or white sediment. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"Calcarea increases sexual desire and 
provokes emissions, but unusual weakness follows indulgence, 
and ejaculation is tardy."-D. 
"When, during coition, erections are of too short duration, 234 
CALCAREA CARBONICA. 
showing weakness of the spinal cord, Calcarea will strengthen; 
especially if there is burning and stinging while the semen is dis- 
charged."- Dr. W. M. McGeorge. 
Spermatorrhoea, where there is excessive weakness, in young 
people growing rapidly. (Use the C M dilution.) 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"The history of the case shows 
that the menses have been too profuse, return too often and too 
soon."-G. [Very characteristic.] 
"The least excitement causes the menses to return."-G. 
Profuse albuminous, milk-like cervical leucorrhoea, with great 
lassitude from loss of albumen. 
"The least excitement causes a return of the menses."-G. 
"Finds it difficult to stand, on account of a pressing-down as 
if the internal organs would press out."-G. 
Profuse leucorrhoea, like milk, with chronic catarrhal vaginal 
inflammation, with much aching in the vagina. 
Breasts.-These are "distended; milk scanty; she is cold, and 
there seems to be want of vitality to bring the milk forward."-G. 
[Especially in large, lymphatic, flabby women.] 
"Healthy women, with deficient and defective lactation ; chil- 
dren die early, with diarrhoea and convulsions."-H. Goullon. 
Respiratory Organs.-This is one of the most useful remedies 
in the Materia Medica for tuberculosis. 
Dry, tickling cough, aggravated by speaking, with excessive 
debility; loss of breath from ascending a height, and constant in- 
clination to take cold. 
"Cough, with rattling of mucus in the bronchi, aggravated 
mornings."-G. [Worse from cold, damp air.] 
Haemoptysis, with ulceration of the lungs; great emaciation 
and debility, with constant inclination to take cold at every 
change of the weather. 
Great emaciation; abdomen bloated, and the least cold goes 
through and through the patient. 
Hectic fever, with copious perspiration of the head and chest, 
and sensitive to cold air. 
Much aching of the chest, with oppressive breathing; sudden 
stitches, especially between the scapulse. 
Generalities.-Aery difficult to sleep at night, and sleepy 
during the day. 
"Sweat copious by day, during motion, also at night, and 
early in bed, then chiefly on the limbs."-D. CALENDULA OFFICINALIS. 
235 
Copious night sweats, especially in children. 
In children, the glands of the neck are enlarged, with dry, 
flabby skin, and cold, damp feet. 
Chronic urticaria, especially in fat children. 
"Children and sucklings become thick and gross as if fat, but 
are pale and unhealthy."-D. 
Grauvogl recommends Calcarea highly, for mothers whose 
children die with hydrocephalus, to be given to the mother dur- 
ing gestation, as a preventive; and many physicians have used 
successfully this "nutrition remedy," enabling parents to raise 
children, who could not without the use of the Lime salts. 
Limbs very weak; children learn to walk very slowly; feet 
perspire constantly, as if had on cold, damp stockings. 
Aggravation.-From cold, damp east winds; from getting 
wet; when ascending heights ; lying down with the limbs hang- 
ing ; from loss of fluids ; and from light in general. 
Amelioration.-In dry, warm weather; after breakfast, and 
from loosening the garments. 
CALENDULA OFFICINALIS. 
Common English Marigold. 
Habitat: Europe, Asia, etc. The herb in bloom, Classi. 
Through the cerebro-spinal vaso-motor nervous system, Calendula 
has one special center of action: 
I. Vaso-Motor System. Arterial Capillary Paralysis. 
Arterial Capillary Vessels.-Through the vaso-motor nerves, 
the capillary vessels become partially paralyzed, and conse- 
quently receive more blood than usual. From this increased 
irritation, which attracts a large amount of colorless corpuscles, 
together with the viscosity, or adhesive qualities, of these cor- 
puscles, we get adhesive inflammation that is most beautifully 
shown us in lacerated wounds, in which, when Calendula is used, 
we get union by first intention, without suppuration. 236 
CAMPHORA. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Cut and lacerated wounds heal by first intention, in a most 
wonderful and marvelous manner, when this remedy is used 
locally and internally. Locally, the cerate will be found of great 
value where Calendula is indicated. 
CAMPI1ORA. 
Laurus Camphor. 
Habitat: Asia, etc. Alcoholic attenuation, Class III. 
Antidotes.-Wine, Opium, Amyl, Niter sp. dulc. (Coffee increases its action.) 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Camphor has five 
special centers of action : 
I. Cerebro-Spinal S. Sensory and Motor Spasm and Paralysis. 
II. Circulation. Stimulated; Chills Predominate. 
III. Digestive Organs. Stimulation. 
IV. Urinary Organs. Retention of Urine; Strangury. 
V. Sexual Organs. Increased Desire,- Complete Impotence. 
Cerebrum and Spinal Cord.-Camphor especially affects the 
brain and sentient nervous system, as well as the motor nerves, 
and through these the muscular system ; as shown by the vertigo, 
mental confusion, coma, and convulsions. Dr. Harley says its 
effects "are chiefly those of sedation of the motor and ideational 
centers of the cerebrum, with much giddiness." 
From the effect of Camphor upon the sentient nervous system, 
and through that upon the vascular, is derived its chill-producing 
power, in which we have its most useful field of action. As chill 
and depression are the most prominent effects of Camphor, it 
should be called our cold remedy; even in the fever following, 
chilliness predominates throughout. 
Pneumogastric.-Through this the heart, lungs, and stom- 
ach are acted upon. By its action upon the heart, moderate 
doses quicken and strengthen the pulse, while large doses slacken 
and weaken the pulse. 237 
Wood says: "The action of toxic doses of Camphor upon the 
circulation is decided. In poisoned frogs, the cardiac beats be- 
come slow and powerful; and, as Hubner found that Camphor 
was able to excite the heart when arrested by Muscarin, it is 
probable that its action is upon the heart itself. In the extended 
researches of Weideman, it was found, that, in the convulsive 
stage of Camphor-poisoning, there is a very marked rise of the 
arterial pressure, which is largely due to the convulsions and dis- 
turbance of breathing, as it is in a measure prevented by Curari- 
zation and artificial respiration. Under these circumstances, 
however, sudden periodical elevations of all the arterial pressure 
occur. The cause of this phenomenon is not obvious, as Weide- 
man affirms that it is prevented by section either of the cord or 
vagi. As, after section of the cord, toxic doses of Camphor lessen 
the arterial pressure, it would seem probable that it is directly 
depressant to the heart." 
Stille says: "The direct and primary action of large doses of 
Camphor, twenty to sixty grains, is a powerful, but not a perma- 
nent, sedation of the nervous and vascular systems, followed by 
ataxic phenomena, and remotely by slight fever. 
"The direct and primary action of small doses, one to fifteen 
grains, is to stimulate and excite the nervous and vascular sys- 
tems, and through them the whole organism; but the excitement 
is of short duration, and is not followed by exhaustion or depres- 
sion." 
"According to Sachs and Dulk, Camphor, in medicinal doses, 
excites the general sensibility, but in a particular manner the sen- 
sibility of the vascular system; and Murray declares that it is 
evidently stimulant. Vogt is of opinion, that, if we add the re- 
sults of physiological experiment to those of clinical observa- 
tion, no doubt can remain of the stimulant qualities of Camphor. 
He thinks, indeed, that no other stimulant of the same class is 
comparable with it, and that, in the extremes! state of debility, 
Camphor is sometimes successful when all other medicines 
are fruitlessly employed. Camphor, says Richter, evidently be- 
longs to the class of oleo-ethereal medicines, and, like those, acts 
as a powerful stimulant. It is by far the strongest and most 
searching medicine of its class, from all the rest of which it is 
distinguished by its rapid, durable, and widespread action on the 
nervous system. When the powers of life are low, and the skin 
is moistened with a cold sweat, it is often the most efficient of 
remedies. Oesterlen, and also Neumann, contend for the excit- 
ant properties of Camphor. The latter declares it to be diapho- 
CAMPHORA. 238 
CAMPHORA. 
retie and antispasmodic, and that, in fine, it is one of the most 
thorough and active stimulants. Mitscherlich infers, from a re- 
view of numerous recorded experiments, that the sedation pro- 
duced by very large doses of Camphor depends upon its local 
action within the stomach, while the subsequent excitation is due 
to the absorption and circulation of the particles. Pereira af- 
firms, that, in moderate doses, it exhilarates and acts as a vas- 
cular excitant. Dr. Chapman is of opinion that ' few medicines 
more unequivocally display their stimulant powers,' and Eberle 
states that he has several times taken scruple doses of Camphor, 
and found the pulse slightly increased in fullness, while he expe- 
rienced giddiness and fullness about the head."-Stille. 
Lungs.-"Ten to thirty grains produce great paleness of the 
skin ; dimness of vision; frequent and oppressed breathing; less- 
ened, unequal, and intermittent pulse, with frequent rigors. 
Some are seized with death-like coldness that lasts for an hour 
or so. 
"Dr. Cullen's patient, a lady, took forty grains of Camphor, 
and became insensible; her pulse was very weak and small, her 
breathing hardly to be observed, and her whole body pale and 
cold. Duteau relates, that one drachm of Camphor was given to 
a girl in a very severe colic. After taking it, the pain soon be- 
came easier; but it brought on such an extreme cold over all her 
body, as resembled death, and which could hardly be removed by 
the aid of warm cloths, and the internal use of wine."-Stille. 
Stomach.-The action upon the stomach is not prominent; 
but large doses produce burning in the stomach, vomiting without 
much nausea, and sometimes inflammation. In animals, in- 
flammation, ulceration, and death have often been produced ; but 
I judge that this is from the local action of large doses given them. 
Camphor produces an atonic state of the intestinal canal, and 
is useful in diarrhoea. It acts as a stimulant, and should be used 
in from one to five grains at a dose. 
Muscular System.-Through the motor nerves, it has a 
prominent action upon the muscular system, as sho'wn by the 
weariness, staggering gait, general debility, and convulsions; 
cramps in the calves; knees give way and tremble; arms and 
hands stiff, cold, and tremble; tetanic spasms of the arms, hands, 
feet, and lower jaw. 
Urinary Organs.-Strangury, and retention of urine, is a 
prominent effect of Camphor; and, in cases of strangury caused 
by Cantharis, we have no more certain remedy than Camphor. CAMPHORA. 
239 
Sexual Organs, Male.-The power of Camphor on these or- 
gans is most marked and profound; as shown by the satyriasis, 
voluptuous dreams; impotence, with a cold, flaccid condition of 
the organs. I can not illustrate its action better than by giving 
a few cases cured by the remedy, given by Stille, in his Materia 
Medica: "Muller cured an irrepressible venereal desire and ex- 
cessive priapism in a clergyman, by prescribing Camphor in 
ascending doses until a drachm was taken daily. Richter suc- 
cessfully employed large doses of the medicine for a patient 
affected with sleep-walking and priapism, and who had formerly 
been addicted to onanism, and experienced convulsive attacks 
under the excitement of sexual lust. When persons who can not 
be weaned from the habit of self-pollution are threatened with 
spasmodic attacks, or with the emaciation peculiar to such cases, 
Camphor should be administered, and not in too small doses. 
If, however, its use be too long persisted in, there is danger of 
emasculating the patient. Schneider speaks of a stout and 
healthy youth of nineteen, who had been piously and virtuously 
brought up, but who became suddenly enamored of his step- 
mother, and whose lust grew so furious that his testicles swelled, 
and the flow of semen interfered with his urination. He was 
soon completely cured by the internal and external use of Cam- 
phor. Eberle says : ' I was consulted by an elderly married man, 
of rigidly moral habits, who suffered very much from painful 
erections, and an incessant propensity to venery. He was of a 
gloomy disposition, which was much increased by his complaint. 
Camphor was given in twro-grain doses three times a day. In a 
wTeek he was almost entirely relieved, and completely cured in a 
few days after.' " 
Sexual Organs, Female.-The action of Camphor upon the 
female sexual organs is similar to that upon the male. Alibert 
relates a case of a woman twenty-eight years old, who thoroughly 
subdued a violent paroxysm of sexual passion by taking a drachm 
of Camphor. On two previous occasions she had used the medi- 
cine with equal success. The above cases show "that large doses 
of Camphor are sedative to the morbid as well as to the normal 
action of the sexual apparatus." But such large doses are not 
necessary. I have had good results from two to five grain doses, 
to quiet sexual passion. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Great coldness of the external surface, with sudden and com- 
plete prostration of the vital forces. Long-lasting chills. 240 
CAMPHORA. 
"Great coldness of the skin, yet the child can not bear to be 
covered."-G. 
"Extremities cold and blue, with cramps."-G. 
" Skin cold as marble, can not bear to be covered, with rattling 
in the throat, and hot breath."-G. 
"Features distorted; eyes sunken; face, hands, and feet icy 
cold; great anguish as though he would suffocate ; stupid; groans 
and moans; hoarse, husky voice; burning in the stomach and 
oesophagus; cramps in the legs, great faintness and prostration." 
-Raue. 
"Especially adapted to choleraic -diseases, and the first stages 
of catarrh. 
Head.-Nervous headache, with throbbing in the cerebellum, 
like the pounding of a hammer, with palpitation of the heart, and 
spasmodic dysphagia. Loss of memory, and great despondency. 
Digestive Organs.-"No thirst, no nausea, no vomiting, no 
diarrhoea, with cramps in the legs."-Raue. 
Burning heat in the stomach. 
Involuntary diarrhoea. In many cases of diarrhoea, at the first 
start, a large dose or two of Camphor will arrest it at once. 
Rice-water stools, with great prostration, coldness of the sur- 
face, but will not be covered, with cramps. In cholera, Dr. 
Rubini, of Naples, treated five hundred and ninety-two cases 
without a single death. He gave it according to Hahnemann's 
instructions, ad libitum, of the saturated tincture. 
Urinary Organs.-Strangury, not relieved by urinating, espe- 
cially if caused by Cantharis. 
"Retention of urine, or it is discharged in small quantities; 
deep red; sometimes green; depositing a thick sediment."-G. 
Sexual Organs. Male.-Impotence with coldness, weakness, 
and atrophied condition of the testicles. For excited sexual de- 
sire, give large doses. 
Gonorrhoea, acute stage, with chordee. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses increased. Excellent in 
dysmenorrhoea. "Her labor-pains have ceased; the skin cold and 
blue."-G. 
Chest.-In the first stage of suffocative catarrh, with paraly- 
sis of the lungs, as found in epidemic influenza, with coryza and CANNABIS SATIVA. 
241 
nasal defluxion, used internally and by olfaction, it will arrest the 
catarrh at once. 
Skin.-Sudden retrocession of eruptions, with cold skin and 
great prostration, and cerebral symptoms. Dr. Holcombe thus 
sums up the action of Camphor: 
"It is antidotal to almost all the drastic vegetable poisons; it 
relieves strangury; produces reaction from cold, congested con- 
ditions ; is the great anti-choleraic; and quiets nervous irritability 
better than Coffea, Ignatia, or Hyoscyamus. This is its whole 
clinical value-and a great one it is-in a nutshell." 
Aggravation.-From cold air in general. 
Amelioration.-From warm air in general. 
CANNABIS SATIVA. 
Hemp. 
Habitat: Asia, India, etc. Tincture of the fresh blooming herb, Class I. 
Antidotes.-Vegetable acids, Camph.. Cantharis. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Cannabis has two special centers 
of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. (Urethra). Inflammation. 
II. Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System. Intoxication. 
Mucous Membranes.-Cannabis affects all the mucous mem- 
branes, but particularly that of the bladder, urethra, and prepuce; 
producing acute inflammation, with painful, difficult urination; 
severe chordee ; burning in the urethra; the prepuce is dark, red, 
hot and highly inflamed, with mucous discharge from the ure- 
thra. The bladder not so much affected as the urethra. This is 
the most useful remedy we have for gonorrhoea. 
The mucous membranes of the eyes and lungs are also a good 
deal congested and inflamed, especially that of the eyes. 
Brain.-Cannabis produces intoxication and arrest of func- 
tion, congestive headache; violent throbbing, with heat in the 242 
CANNABIS SATIVA. 
head; drowsy and much lassitude; vomiting of bile, and con- 
stipation. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-For gonorrhoea, after the acute inflam- 
mation has been reduced by Aconite, no remedy can equal Can- 
nabis sativa, when given in the tincture and first dilution. 
Great swelling of the prepuce, with violent burning pain in the 
urethra during and after urination. 
"Can not walk with his legs close together, as it greatly in- 
creases the pain in the urethra."-G. 
"While urinating, tearing pains along the urethra. Great 
swelling of the prepuce, approaching to phymosis."-Franklin. 
The glans and prepuce are dark red. 
"Light-red spots on the glans as large as a lentil."-Teste. 
Severe pains in the kidneys, every few minutes, urine bloody. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Over sexual excitement in either 
sex."-G. 
"Impotence from sexual abuse."-G. 
"Threatened abortion, on account of too frequent sexual inter- 
course."-Hg. 
Too frequent and too profuse menstruation. 
Eyes.-Opacities, and dimness of the cornea, especially from 
badly healed ulcers. Gonorrhoeal ophthalmia. 
Chest.-Dr. D. S. Smith has great confidence in this remedy 
for consumption. 
"Frequent, teasing, hard, dry cough."-Teste. 
Cough, with much rattling of mucus (bronchorrhoea). 
"Sensation as of dropping, as though cold water was dripping 
over the heart, or over the head."-G. 
"Sensation of fatigue ; warmth ; jerks, or pushes, in the abdo- 
men, as though a living being was there."-G. 
"Affections of the ball of the foot, or under part of toes."-G. 
Aggravation.-Forenoons; urination; warmth, and motion. 
Amelioration.-Evenings, and from cold air. CANTHARIDES. 
243 
CANTHARIDES. 
Spanish Fly. 
Habitat: Europe, etc. Tincture powdered Spanish fly, Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Calad., Cinch., Sulph., Acids, Alcohol. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Cantharides have seven 
special centers of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. Violent Inflammation. 
II. Sexual Organs. Excessive Sexual Desire; Acute Inflam. 
III. Gastro-Intestinal Canal. Violent Inflam., Mouth to Anus. 
IV. Serous Membranes. Plastic Inflammation. 
V. Skin. Violent, Acute Vesicular Inflammation. 
VI. Glandular S. (Salivary, Testicles, Ovaries.) Inflam. 
VII. Cerebro-Spinal System. Spasm; Inflammation. 
Mucous Membranes.-Cantharides affect more especially the 
mucous membrane of the genito-urinary organs; next to this, of 
the whole gastro-intestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus, 
and, lastly, that of the respiratory organs. The action upon the 
lungs is not so prominent as that upon the digestive apparatus. 
The most prominent and specific action of Cantharides is spent 
upon the urinary organs. Not only the kidneys, but the whole 
mucous tract, from the kidneys to the end of the urethra, is vio- 
lently inflamed, with pains in the loins, scanty, high-colored 
urine, mixed with blood, and loaded with albumen and tube-casts, 
accompanied with burning pains in the hypogastrium, and the 
most violent and intense strangury. 
It acts more especially upon the convoluted secreting tubes, 
rather than, as Turpentine, on the Malpighian bodies. 
"Cantharides are well known to have a peculiar effect upon 
the bladder, which effect is doubtless produced through the cor- 
responding part of the spinal cord. (Watson's Practice, fifth 
ed., 540.) This conclusion is corroborated by the experiments 
of Dr. Cantieri, with Cantharides. This observer says : ' The cere- 
bellum and spinal cord are softened, the softening being greater 
at the lumbar enlargement. As a consequence of this, paralysis is 244 
CANTHARIDES. 
observed in dogs, rabbits, and frogs.' 'With this evidence of the 
special action upon the spinal cord,' its action upon the genito- 
urinary organs is fully explained to be, not reflex, but specific, 
through the spinal nerves. ' The noxious influence of Canthar- 
ides is especially marked on the kidneys and bladder,' says M. 
Gubler. Dr. Cantieri is more emphatic: ' Cantharides always 
induce hyperaemia or inflammation of the urinary and genital 
systems.' In a case of fatal poisoning, Ives found the 'kidneys 
inflamed and presenting blood in their pelves.' In a similar case 
Schuborth observed 'great redness of the tubular part of the kid- 
neys, redness and extravasated patches on the inside of the blad- 
der, and redness of the ureters and urethra.' 
" 'It also occasions severe hsematuria, albuminous urine, and 
even a discharge of false membranes per urethram,-the said false 
membranes being found within the calyces of the kidneys, in the 
ureters and on the mucous membranes of the bladder.' (Bouil- 
land.) According to Bouilland, whenever a Cantharides blister is 
applied, unless it be a very small one, ' the escape of albumen 
with the urine is always met with at all ages, and in all states of 
the system.' 
"The same authority records the following post-mortem ap- 
pearances as found in a man who 'died from fever with pneu- 
monia, and had been blistered secundum art cm.' 1 Albumen 
appeared in the urine nearly tw7o days before death. The kidneys 
were red and congested externally,-the redness extending into 
the cortical substance. The pyramids presented a rosy hue, and 
seemed elongated. The lining membranes of the calyces and pel- 
ves were injected, and strewn with ecchymotic spots, and also 
with white salient points of irregular figure, and consisting of 
particles of false membrane.' (North American Jour, of Hom., 
vol. i., p. 272.) 
"Says M. Gubler: 'It is really an endo-nephritis, and not 
a cystitis, that constitutes the point dudepart of the albuminuria 
produced by Cantharides. If the renal irritation becomes more 
severe, a nephritis parenchymatosa is established.' (Practitioner, 
vol. viii., p. 244.) Cantieri's experiments corroborate this ; for he 
says (Practitioner, vol. xiii., p. 445): 'Cantharides always in- 
duce hypertemia or inflammation of the urinary and genital sys- 
tems ; and, in consequence of the desquamative or parenchyma- 
tous nephritis, albumen appears in the urine.'"-S. A. Jones in 
Hom. Observer, June, 1879. 
Sexual Organs.-Here we have inflammation and congestion. 
The erotic excitement becomes painfully excessive, with pria- CANTHARIDES. 
245 
pisms, inflammation of the ejaculatory ducts; and, in the female, 
the uterus becomes inflamed, with a high state of excitement, 
abortion, etc. 
Sometimes there is violent sexual excitement, insatiable vene- 
real desire, accompanied in man by seminal emissions, violent 
priapisms, heat and swelling of the organs; severe inflammation of 
the parts, and even gangrene. 
Authorities differ as to the erotic excitement caused by this 
drug. Taylor says : "With respect to the aphrodisiac propensi- 
ties caused by Cantharides ;-these can seldom be excited in either 
sex, except when the substance is administered in a quantity 
which would seriously endanger life." On poisons, sub voce, per 
contra, Prof. H. C. Wood says: "The whole drift of the evidence 
is that libidinous desires are much more apt to be caused by 
amounts of Spanish flies but slightly toxic-ten drops of the 
tincture (Schroff)-than by fatal doses." 
"That it does not always act as an aphrodisiac, is shown by 
some cases observed by Frestel and cited by Taylor. I refer to 
these variations in its action because old-school critics have found 
fault with similar variations in our provings."-S. A. Jones, M. 
D., in Hom. Observer, June, 1879. 
The inflammation of the sexual organs sometimes becomes so 
severe that gangrene takes place. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-This remedy has a powerful action 
on the whole mucous tract, from the mouth to the anus ; produc- 
ing congestion, burning heat, inflammation, and vesication of the 
gastro-intestinal mucous membranes; "intense pain in the 
stomach, vomiting of glairy mucus streaked with blood; severe 
abdominal pains, with great tenderness; mucous and bloody 
stools. The alvine discharges are first mucous, then fibrinous and 
bloody, often very scanty but excessively numerous, and accom- 
panied by great tenesmus. Sometimes this gastro-intestinal in- 
flammation produces death from collapse ; but, if this is escaped, 
the following symptoms occur; Aching pains in the back, fre- 
quent micturition, a constant irresistible desire to urinate, with 
violent tenesmus of the bladder, and an inability to pass more 
than a few drops of urine, which is albuminous and bloody."- 
Dr. S. A. Jones. 
In dogs, the mucous membrane of the gastro-intestinal canal 
becomes inflamed throughout, resembling a piece of scarlet cloth. 
Stille says : "The action of Cantharides when swallowed is that 
of an acrid irritant, a burning heat is felt in the jnouth, fauces, 246 
CANTHARIDES. 
oesophagus, and abdomen; there is sometimes ptyalism, together 
with stricture of the throat, and a difficulty of swallowing so great 
that the attempt to drink excites violent spasms. Usually there 
are nausea and vomiting, often of bloody matters; unnatural 
fibrinous, and sometimes bloody, stools ; griping meteorism, and 
extreme tenderness of the abdomen. These symptoms of intesti- 
nal inflammation often terminate fatally. " 
Serous Membranes.-Cantharides act on all the serous mem- 
branes throughout the body, but especially affect the pleura and 
peritoneum, producing congestion and inflammation, followed by 
plastic fibrinous effusion. 
Inman says it has produced pleuritis; and Gallippe has ob- 
served both endocarditis and pleural effusion. 
Skin.-Vesicular inflammation of the skin is a specific and 
prominent effect of Cantharides. 
Locally.-No known remedy equals the Spanish fly as an 
epispastic, as millions of blistered mortals can substantiate. 
Blistering acts on the principle of revulsion; and there is no doubt 
that it has proved of great utility in a vast number of diseases in- 
volving the serous membranes; and also in neuroses. 
The plaster should be spread upon brown paper, and held in 
place by strips of adhesive plaster. In adults, to obtain all the 
benefit of the blister, it should remain on from three to six hours ; 
usually about four is all that is required; and, in many acute 
diseases, two hours is sufficient to effect a cure. After evac- 
uating the serum by punctures in. the most dependent part, apply 
finely carded cotton to the blistered cutis. But, if the raw and 
inflamed chorion is exposed, a cerate of acetate of lead will allay 
the inflammation, and promote the healing of the part. 
In all cases of neuralgia, except sciatica, small blisters applied 
over the affected part for two hours, will mitigate the pain sur- 
prisingly, and achieve a cure. 
"When a blister is of large dimensions, and is permitted to re- 
main until the occurrence of full vesication, strangury and other 
constitutional effects of Cantharides sometimes ensue; such as 
pains in the loins, colic, thirst, difficult micturition, ardor urinae, 
haematuria; and even death from the operation of a blister has 
ensued. When applied near the origin or over the course of lym- 
phatic vessels, the corresponding glands are apt to become swol- 
len and inflamed, and may even suppurate."-Stille. 
Dr. S. A. Jones sums up the action of Cantharides on these 
tissues, thus : "First, then, consider the tissue affinities. These CANTHARIDES. 
247 
tissues are in order of affinity: The mucous, the serous, and the 
skin. These tissues have a morphological similarity of structure ; 
namely, cells on supporting surfaces; 'shingled' surfaces, so to 
speak. 
"Secondly. The pathological type of action. We find this to be, 
first, inflammation with fibrinous effusion, which on a free surface 
assumes a pellicular form; and, secondly, a grade of inflamma- 
tion that may terminate in gangrene. 
"This pellicular phlegmasia, as Pidoux and Trousseau term it, 
is evidence of a profound action on the blood. It makes the red 
corpuscles crenated; this indicates an escape of some of their 
contents, and this some is probably the fibrino-plastic element, as 
it is named by A. Schmidt. According to the same observer, all 
exudations contain a fibrino-genetic element; and it is, he says, 
a mingling of fibrino-plastic and fibrino-genetic elements, that 
gives fibrin as it occurs in the 'act of coagulation.' (Sydenham 
Society's Year Book for 1863.) Then, the Cantharidal effusion is 
an extensive blood spoliative; it robs it of two albuminous prod- 
ucts, and, from the union of these, we get the fibrinous pellicle." 
Glands.-Upon the salivary glands, the action of Cantharides 
is specific and most powerful, as shown by the severe salivation, 
and great swelling of the glands. It also affects the testicles and 
ovaries, as well as the lymphatics, but not so prominently. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Its narcotic action is very strongly 
marked, as shown by the congestion and inflammation of the 
brain, delirium, stupor, pupils dilated, coma, and finally death. 
Through its action on the cord, we have prostration, powerless- 
ness ; difficult deglutition; dread of liquids; frightful convul- 
sions ; tetanus ; collapse and death. 
Paraplegia has been noticed in several cases by Dr. Pille. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Cantharides act quite 
prominently upon the heart and circulation. Dr. S. A. Jones says : 
"In accordance with its pathological type of action, it attacks the 
circulation correspondingly. It is first a stimulant, giving a quick- 
ened pulse, increased arterial tension, and a rise of temperature. 
Secondly, it is a depressant, giving a slowing of pulse, a lowering 
of arterial tension, and a decline of temperature. The order of 
these effects, will depend largely upon the dosage ; and they are, 
therefore, primary or secondary phenomena, according as the dose 
is large or small." 248 
CANTHARIDES. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
The great key for the use of Cantharides is found in the urin- 
ary organs, as shown by the great desire to urinate, with com- 
plete strangury, and tenesmus of the cervix vesicae. 
Urine high colored, scanty, with constant desire to void it, but 
only passes a few drops at a time, accompanied with intense 
burning pain. 
Excessive burning distress in the urethra, with constant desire 
to urinate; the tenesmus of the cervix vesicae is complete, with 
bloody, albuminous urine. 
Cutting, burning pains in the urethra, with ineffectual efforts 
to urinate. 
Albuminuria from renal congestion; paralysis before oedema. 
Scanty, high-colored, bloody, albuminous urine, often loaded 
with casts and epithelial cells; severe strangury. 
In acute Bright's disease, "when desquamation predominates 
over congestion, as in post-scarlatinal dropsy, Cantharis takes 
the highest place."-Hughes. 
Weakness or paralysis of the sphincter of the bladder, with 
frequent desire to pass water, but inability to do so, in middle- 
aged women; and dysury of old men. 
Acute stage of gonorrhoea, with urgent desire to urinate, and 
at night intense chordee, especially if the inflammation has ex- 
tended up to the neck of the bladder. 
Pain in the loins, kidneys, and abdomen, with so much pain 
on urinating that he could not pass a single drop without moan- 
ing or screaming. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Excessive desire for sexual congress, 
with painful and frequent urination 
Strong and persistent erections, and painful priapisms. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Same morbid, intense sexual de- 
sire, with menses too early and too profuse. 
"Membranous dysmenorrhoea, in sterile females."-G. 
Inflammation and much swelling of the os uteri. 
Stitching in ovaries, with bearing-down toward the genitals. 
Violent itching in the vagina, with swelling of the vulva; in- 
tense pruritus and sexual desire. 
Mouth.-Thoughts of drinking, sound of water, or touching 
the larynx, produce spasms. CANTHARIDES. 
249 
"Vesicles and canker in the mouth."-Jahr. 
Mucous membrane red, and covered with small blisters. 
Burning pain in the mouth, throat, and stomach, with swell- 
ing of the salivary glands, and copious salivation. 
Throat feels on lire, and covered with vesicles and plastic 
lymph; much swollen. Diphtheria. 
Stomach.-Aphthous ulcers in the fauces, covered with plas- 
tic lymph; violent burning in the stomach, excessively sensitive 
to the touch; vomiting of blood and mucus. 
"Vomiting, with violent retching, and severe colic."-G. 
"Abdomen swollen and tympanitic, with violent pain through 
the whole intestinal tract; very painful to the touch."-Hg 
"Tremendous burning pain through the whole intestinal 
canal; unquenchable thirst, with disgust for all kinds of drink. " 
-Raue. 
Stools.-"Stools like the scrapings of the mucous membrane, 
mixed with blood; urine burning and scanty."-Hg. 
Great tympanitis of the abdomen, and excessively tender after 
stool; intense burning in the anus and peritoneum, which seems 
to come from the neck of the bladder. 
Stools of pure blood, with much tenesmus. 
Skin.-Vesicular erysipelas. 
For chronic eczema, and elephantiasis, it is excellent in large 
doses; the body seems to be one raw sore, with vesication. 
Inflammation of serous membranes, with stitching pains. 
Great weakness of the respiratory organs. 
Violent destructive inflammations, with burning pains. 
Aggravation.-From drinking cold water, and coffee. 
Amelioration.-From rubbing, and wrarmth. 250 
CAPSICUM ANNUUM. 
CAPSICUM ANNUUM. 
Cayenne Pepper. 
Habitat: Central America, etc. Tincture of ripe, dried fruit; Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Cainph., Canth., Calad., Cinch., Sulph. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Capsicum has two special 
centers of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. Acrid Irritant. Congestion; Infiam. 
II. Spinal Cord. (Posterior Portion.) Excessive Chilliness. 
Mucous Membranes.-To the mucous membrane of the mouth, 
gastro-intestinal canal, and genito-urinary organs, Capsicum is 
an acrid irritant; producing, whether applied locally or taken in- 
ternally, congestion and inflammation, followed by a relaxed, 
atonic mucous membrane. 
Large doses produce great derangement of the stomach. Vogt 
says : "The symptoms are vomiting; gastric inflammation; severe 
colic, and violent purging." 
Spinal Column.-The excessive amount of chilliness pro- 
duced by Capsicum shows that the posterior spinal cord is espe- 
cially acted upon. Richter says : "We have paralysis, prostration; 
vertigo, and much intoxication of the brain." 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Smarting, burning pains in the mucous membranes, as though 
Cayenne pepper were sprinkled upon them. 
Fever, where chilliness predominates. 
Excessive burning and soreness in the mouth and fauces; the 
mucous membrane greatly congested; dark red. 
In cynanche maligna and diphtheria, it is not only useful in- 
ternally, but is one of the best gargles that can be used; and, in 
acute and chronic catarrh, as a gargle, it can not be equaled. 
Atonic dyspepsia, with relaxed mucous membrane, much flat- 
ulence, and cold stomach. CARBO ANIMALIS. 
251 
Mucous diarrhoea, with tenesmus, and much burning in the 
rectum. 
Frequent urination, with much burning in the urethra. 
Impotence, atrophy of the testicles; painful spermatic cord; 
with cold scrotum. 
Intermittents, chill commences in the back, and spreads over 
the entire body; the chilliness predominating. 
Marcy and Hunt say: "Its extraordinary power to control 
the capillary circulation, to bring excess of blood, and then to 
scatter more than it has brought, enables it to remove congestion 
as promptly and as effectually as Belladonna." 
Relaxed muscular system. 
"In delirium tremens, thirty grains in a bolus act most 
remarkably, producing quiet sleep in from one to three hours, 
from which the patient awakes conscious and convalescent."- 
Aggravation. - From eating, drinking; at the beginning of 
exercise; cold atmosphere, and at night. 
Amelioration.-By continuous exercise; warmth, and during 
the day. 
CARBO ANIMALIS. 
Animal Charcoal. 
Prepared from Neat's leather. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Arsenicum, Camphor, Belladonna, Lycopodium. 
Through the vegetative nervous system, Carbo animalis has three 
special centers of action: 
I. Lymphatic Glandular S. Induration; Secretions Putrid. 
II. Skin. Copper-Colored Eruption; Acne, and Boils. 
III. Digestive Organs. Indigestion; Dyspepsia. 
Lymphatic Glandular System.-The secretions of the lym- 
phatics are made putrescent by Carbo animalis; and the mam- 
mae, testicles, and parotid glands become hypertrophied and in- 252 
CARBO ANIMALIS. 
durated, the secreting cells of these glands being particularly 
affected. 
Skin.-Carbo animalis produces a dry, brown-colored, coppery 
skin, with acne, boils, etc. 
Digestive Organs.-Here it produces an atonic condition of 
the mucous membranes, with indigestion, etc. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Glands.-Enlarged, hypertrophied glands, especially of a 
scirrhous nature with very fetid discharges ; in scrofulous, nervous 
constitutions. 
Skin.-Earthy, copper-colored spots on face and body. 
Malignant ulcerations of the skin, of a .chronic nature, with 
much burning. 
Month.-Looseness of the teeth, they are very sensitive to the 
least cold, the gums bleed easily; aggravated by salt. 
Digestive Organs.-"Weak, sore, empty feeling at the pit of 
stomach."-G 
Burning of the epigastrium, with waterbrash; acidity. 
Cardialgia with much flatulence and much despondency; con- 
stipation. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-During menstruation, excessive 
prostration, can hardly stand up, with much pain in sacral 
region and down the thighs; feels so exhausted by the menstrual 
functions, she is hardly able to speak; much chilliness. 
Menses too soon, last too long, but not too profuse. 
Leucorrhcea, watery, acrid, and burning, with great debility. 
Lochia, acrid, very offensive, last too long, with much exhaus- 
tion, and venous plethora. 
Malignant ulcerations of the os uteri; discharge fetid. Cancer 
of the mammae, and induration of the glands. 
Aggravation.-After midnight; in bed; from cold. 
Amelioration.-During the day; from warmth. CARBO VEGETABILIS. 
253 
CARBO VEGETABILIS. 
Vegetable Charcoal. 
Well-charred coal from red beech or birch wood. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Ars., Lach.. Camph., Lyc., Phos., Cofif. 
Through the vegetative nervous system, Carbo vegetabilis has three 
special centers of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. Atony and Mucorrhoea. 
II. Glandular System. Lymphatics Enlarged; Secretions Acid. 
III. Blood. Septic; Toxcemic Condition. 
Mucous Membranes.-Vegetable charcoal affects all of the 
mucous surfaces, but more especially that of the stomach and 
upper part of the intestinal tract, producing debility, and increase 
of the mucous secretions, with excessive acidity, and immense 
accumulation of gas in the stomach and small intestines. 
It also increases the mucous secretion of the lungs, which is 
very foul. 
Lymphatics.-These glands become enlarged, with acid, foul 
secretions. 
Blood.-Charcoal produces a septic condition of the blood, 
and is very useful in toxsemic diseases. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
The power Charcoal has of absorbing noxious gases has given 
it a high place as a disinfectant for foul sores, and fetid mucous 
discharges. 
Cachectic individuals whose vital powers have become weak- 
ened, and whose secretions are excessively foul. 
"Patient wants more air, wants to be fanned all the time."-G. 
Digestive Organs.-Gums spongy, bleed readily; sensitive 
when chewing. 
"The most innocent food disagrees."-G. 254 
CARBO VEGETABILIS. 
Tongue coated heavily, white or brown. 
"Frequent eructations which afford only temporary relief."-G. 
"When eating or drinking, sensation as if the stomach or ab- 
domen would burst with gas."-G. 
This excessive accumulation of gas in the stomach and bowels 
is the greatest key for the use of Carbo vegetabilis we have. It is 
caused by atony of the mucous membranes. 
Burning in the stomach, with creeping sensation up to the 
throat, and belching of acid food. 
"Stomach and bowels greatly distended with flatulence; the 
gas is generated by the walls of the viscera, rather than from fer- 
mentation of the ingesta."-Hughes. 
Tendency to slimy, fsecal diarrhoea, with much flatulence. 
"Indigestion comes on in the evening; restless, can not sleep, 
with much flatulence."-W. Bayes, M. D. 
Cholera, with great prostration, Hippocratic face; cold breath; 
cold knees in bed, with excessive abdominal tympanitis; mind in- 
different to all around. 
Urinary Organs.-Urine red, scanty, and looks as if mixed 
with blood. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early, too profuse; 
blood too thick and of a foul odor. 
Leucorrhoea, thick, ichorous; corroding, and very offensive. 
Lochia very fetid, with much abdominal tympanitis. 
Sexual organs depressed ; very flaccid; impotency. 
Chest.-"Great and long-lasting hoarseness."-G. 
"Greenish, fetid expectoration."-Jahr. 
"Cough in old people, with emphysema and hypertrophy of the 
mucous lining of the bronchi; the circulation of the lungs, heart, 
and abdominal viscera, is very much impeded; very sensitive 
to cold; worse at night; expectoration profuse, especially if the 
larynx is invaded."-Baehr. 
Great tendency of the chest to perspire; and the patient takes 
cold with the least change of temperature, especially in warm, 
damp, rainy weather. 
"In chronic bronchitis in aged people, with profuse fetid ex- 
pectoration, from the 6th to the 30th is most useful."-Bayes. 
Generalities.-Ulcers secreting a foul, ichorous pus, with 
burning pains. (Locally and internally.) 
Icy coldness of the parts ; they have a livid purple look (gan- 
grsena senilis). Excessive debility. Chronic mal-treated ague; paroxysms irregular; chill pre- 
dominates in the hands and feet; sallow complexion; abdomen 
filled with flatulence; acid vomiting, that sets the teeth on edge, 
with sour, profuse night sweats. 
Aggravation.-Mornings; from fat food; abuse of Quinine; 
in warm, damp weather. 
Amelioration.-From cool air; in evening; from eructations. 
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES. 
255 
CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES. 
Habitat: North America, etc. Tincture of the fresh root, Class III. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Caulophyllum has two 
special centers of action : 
I. Uterus. Motor Stimulant. Hysterical Hypercesthesia. 
II. Muscular System. Rheumatoid Inflammation. 
Uterus.-Through the hypogastric plexus, the co-ordinating in- 
fluence of Caulophyllum is very decided upon the parturient uterus, 
stimulating normal contractions, both before and after delivery. 
The power of regulating intermittent muscular contractions of 
the uterus, with excessive hyperaesthesia of the organ, is most re- 
markable and is finely illustrated in dysmenorrhoea of an hysteri- 
cal nature. 
Small Muscles and Joints.-Caulophyllum produces rheu- 
matoid affections, especially of the small joints. This was finely 
illustrated in my provings. 
Blue Cohosh. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Nervous, hysterical women, with irregular, spasmodic pains 
during menstruation, or deficient, spasmodic pains during labor, 
from debility of the excito-motor nerves of the uterus. 
Menorrhagia, or metrorrhagia, with irregular, spasmodic pains 
in the uterus, the bowels often sympathizing. 256 
CAUSTICUM. 
Labor. The pains are irregular, spasmodic, and deficient. 
Protracted lochia from atony of the uterus. 
This is one of the most useful remedies we have for the pre- 
vention of premature labor, abortion, or irregular after-pains. 
Reflex paraplegia, with hysterical insomnia. 
Articular inflammatory rheumatism of the small joints, hands 
and feet, more especially in women. 
Affections of the motor nerves in sympathy with rheumatic or 
uterine irritation. Spasmodic affections generally. ' 
Aggravation.-Open air; afternoon and evening. 
Amelioration.-Warm room, and mornings. 
CAUSTICUM. 
Kali Causticum. 
Chemical preparation. Potentize according to Class I. 
Antidotes -Asaf., Coloc., Coff., Max vom. (Phosphorus increases its action.) 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous (especially spinal) system, Caus- 
ticum has three special centers of action: 
% 
I. Spinal Cord. (Motor Tract.) Paralysis. 
IL Mucous Membranes. Atony; Catarrhal Inflammation. 
III. Digestive Organs. Atony; Indigestion; Tympanitis. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Causticum acts on the medulla ob- 
longata, and the inferior recurrent branch of the pneumogastric. 
We have congestion and inflammation of the mucous membrane 
of the larynx and trachea, with paresis, or complete paralysis, of 
the vocal organs. 
Facial Nerve (Portia Dura).-The motor nerve of all the mus- 
cles of the face is especially affected by Causticum, being com- 
pletely paralyzed by its action. 
Urinary Organs.-The urinary solids are greatly increased. 
This azoturia, or superabundance of urea from excessive tissue 
waste, with sour perspiration; debility, and great despondency, 
often has been arrested with this remedy. CAUSTICUM. 
257 
Congestion of the kidney is well outlined in Causticum. 
Paralysis, or paresis, of the sphincter of the bladder, is one of 
the most prominent symptoms of Causticum, and is, also, one of 
its most prominent "key-notes." 
Digestive Organs.-Slow digestion and fermentation are 
marked effects of Causticum. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Weak, scrofulous people, with excessively sallow complexion, 
prone to affections of the respiratory organs, or kidneys. 
"The main sphere of the therapeutic action of Causticum has 
consisted in paralytic affections and laryngo-tracheal catarrhs." 
-li. Hughes, M. D. 
"Facial paralysis; can not keep the upper eyelids up; they are 
really paralyzed, and will fall down over the eyes."-G. 
Facial paralysis from paresis of the portia dura. 
Great melancholy; looks on the dark side of everything, espe- 
cially during menstruation. 
Rheumatism of the articulation of the jaw, and zygomatic 
arch, with numbness and drawing pains. 
"Sudden and frequent loss of sight, with a sensation of a film 
before the eyes."-G. 
Respiratory Organs.-"It is the best medicine I know of for 
catarrhal aphonia."-Hughes. 
"The absence of harmonious co-operation of the vocal cords is 
one of the most prominent and persevering symptoms of de- 
ficient innervation in laryngeal catarrh. Persons recovering from 
this affection, can not exert the vocal organs to the full compass 
of the voice, nor use it in all its modulations, for at least two or 
three weeks after every trace of capillary turgescence has sub- 
sided. Any oratorical display at this period tends to perpetuate 
the defect."-Dr. Meyhoffer. 
Dry, hoarse cough, with involuntary emissions of urine. 
The phlegm in the throat can not be hawked up and produces 
nausea. (From paresis of the laryngeal nerve.) - 
"The expectoration only comes up far enough to be swrallowed; 
there is no power to spit it out."-G. 
Morning hoarseness, with hoarse, dry cough ; wrorse from cold 
air, with emissions of urine during every coughing fit. 258 
CAUSTICUM. 
Urinary Organs.-Involuntary urination when coughing. 
Incontinence of urine from paresis of the sphincter vesicse. 
"Urine loaded with lithic acid and lithates, with great debility.'*' 
-Hughes. 
"Difficult, frequent, and painful urination."-Hughes. 
Diabetes insipidus. (Dr. Bayes has cured several cases.) 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Menses too early and too pro- 
fuse. After their cessation, a little blood is passed from time to 
time, for many days, which smells badly."-G. 
Menstrual flux only through the day. 
Acrid, bad-smelling, profuse leucorrhoea. 
Over-fatigue causes the milk to disappear. 
Digestive Organs.-Excessive acidity of the stomach. 
"Constant sensation as if lime was being burned in the stom- 
ach."-Raue. 
Excessive tympanitis, as if the abdomen would burst; aggra- 
vated by food. 
Flatulent colic, greatly aggravated by food; relieved by lying 
down, or bending double. 
"Obstinate constipation; stools very solid ; expelled with great 
difficulty; present a shining appearance, as if greased."-Dr. 
Bayes. 
Vertigo during defecation. 
But few remedies have so many prominent anal symptoms. 
Skin.-Profuse, sour perspiration. 
Itching all over the body; moist tetter. 
Secondary syphilis ; limbs trembling and paralytic. 
Glandular indurations ; tearing pains in the joints. 
Fever, with chilliness predominating. 
Flushes of heat, in women with sallow complexion. 
Paralytic rheumatism; can not lie still a minute. 
Aggravation.-Cold air and evenings. 
Amelioration.-Warm air, and damp, wet weather. CHAMOMILLA. 
259 
CHAMOMILLA. 
Habitat: Europe, etc. Fresh plant in flower, Class I. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Aeon., Coll., Ignat., Nux vom., Puls., Cocc., Bor. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Chamomilla has two 
special centers of action: 
I. Spinal Cord. Hypercesthesia of Sentient Nerve Filaments. 
II. Digestive Or. Excessive Acidity. (Liver.) Portal Cong. 
Spine.-Chamomilla acts on the filaments of all of the senti- 
ent nerves that are given off from the posterior portion of the 
cord, producing a state of excessive hyperesthesia. This hyper- 
esthesia also extends to the emotional nerve centers, producing 
excessive anger and vexation with their long train of symptoms. 
The filaments of the fifth pair of nerves are also in a state of ex- 
cessive hyperesthesia. Dr. Hughes says: "It probably has some 
specific action on the pulp of the teeth; for it gives great relief in 
ordinary inflammatory and rheumatic face-ache." 
Digestive Organs.-Through the filaments of the vagi, Cham- 
omilla acts' especially upon the stomach and liver. In the stom- 
ach, it produces excessive acidity (making the child smell sour), 
nausea, and vomiting. This acidity extends to the smaller intes- 
tines, producing acid diarrhoea, with excessive green, watery stools, 
and severe griping, colicky pains in the umbilical region. 
Portal congestion in the liver, with stitching pains, and great 
irritability, with bitter vomiting. 
"Chamomilla acts generally on the cells much like Phosphorus, 
particularly the cells of secretion and excretion of the vegetative 
system. Elsewhere its action is reflex, consequently not very 
specific, causing general irritation; hence the restlessness and 
partial sweat and heat, which is not persistent but partial."- 
Dr. I. S. P. Lord. 
Matricaria Cliamomilla. 260 
CHAMOMILLA. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Excessive irritability; impatient, snappish, spiteful, fretful; 
can not give a civil answer; always out of humor. 
"Becomes almost furious about pains; worse in the open air, 
and at night."-G. 
"Contrary to her condition in health, she is always out of 
humor, particularly at her menstrual periods, when she is head- 
strong, even unto quarreling; can hardly speak a pleasant 
word."-G. 
"Child is excessively fretful; must be carried up and down the 
room all the time ; is only quiet then."-G. 
"Child wants different things, and repels them when they are 
offered."-G. 
Inflammation brought on from a fit of passion. 
In children, one cheek red and the other pale. 
Excessive sensitiveness to pain ; is too ugly to live. 
"Neither lying down, nor sleeping nor sweating lessens the 
pain; but it is relieved after sweat, or on rising."-Tig. 
Acid, sour-smelling children, that are excessively irritable, 
and prone to acid diarrhoea; stools green as grass. 
Digestive Organs.-Tongue coated thickly yellow. 
Bitter taste, with bitter, bilious vomiting. 
"The epigastrium is painfully bloated, in the morning, with 
sensation as if the contents were pressing into the chest."-Raue. 
"Severe colic; abdomen distended like a drum; wind passes 
off only in small quantities."-G. 
Colic, with green, watery, slimy, sour diarrhoea, like chopped 
eggs and spinach ; in cholera infantum. 
"Green, watery, corroding stools, with colic, thirst, bitter taste, 
or bitter eructations."-G. 
"Hot diarrhoeic stools, smelling like rotten eggs."-G. 
"Nightly diarrhoea, with severe colic, causing the child to bend 
double."-G. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Her pains are spasmodic and 
distressing; can hardly bear them ; wants to get away from them ; 
is very impatient."-G. 
"Frequent discharge of coagulated blood, with tearing pains, 
and frequent desire to urinate."-G. 
Violent spasmodic, labor-like pains in the uterus, with copious 
watery urine, and excessively irritable. 
Burning in the vagina, as if excoriated, with yellow, smarting 
leucorrhoea. CHELIDONIUM MAJUS. 
261 
Chest.-"Dry, hacking cough; one cheek red, and the other 
pale."-Cr. 
"Tickling in the pit of the throat; causes a scraping, dry 
cough; worse at night."-Hg. 
Flatulent asthma, from indigestion. 
Convulsions in children from abdominal irritation. 
Fever, when the chills predominate. 
"Violent rheumatic pains drive him out of bed at night, and 
compel him to walk about."-Freedly. 
"Puts his feetout of bed ; soles burn."-Hg. 
"Fretfulness in children almost always depends on the state of 
their abdominal functions. The sour breath, the pinching pains, 
the flushed cheek, the greenish motions, are wonderfully under 
the influence of Chamomilla."-W. Bayes, M. D. 
The real beauty of the therapeutic power of this drug is not 
seen until the 6th to the 30th potency is reached. My favorite 
dilution is the 9th. 
Aggravation.-From anger; cold, and at night. 
Amelioration.-From fasting; coffee; warm, wet weather. 
CHELIDONIUM MAJUS. 
Great Celandine. 
Habitat: Europe, etc. Fresh root, Tincture; Classi. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Acids, Aeon., Nux vom., Wine, and Coflfee. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Chelidonium has three special 
centers of action: 
I. Vagi. (Lungs.) Congestion,- Inflam. (Stomach.) Emesis. 
II. Digestive Organs. Hypercemia; Watery, Bilious Stools. 
III. Liver. Congestion; Inflammation; Jaundice. 
Pneuniogastric Nerve.-Chelidonium produces, through this 
nerve, hyperaemia, inflammation, and hepatization of the lungs. 
We have catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 
trachea and bronchi, especially with hepatic symptoms. ( Bilious 
catarrh.) 262 
CHELIDONIUM MA JUS. 
Liver.-This is the grand center for the action of Chelido- 
nium. Through the pneumogastric nerve, it produces conges- 
tion and active inflammation of the liver, as shown by the acute 
pain, and tenderness, with pain under the right scapula; soft, 
bilious stools; deeply tinged urine; jaundice, with nausea and 
bitter vomiting. Arrest of secretory function from over-stimula- 
tion or obstruction of hepatic ducts, with white stools, or brown 
and watery, with jaundice; urine brown or yellow, and loaded 
with bile. 
Jaundice, congestion, and inflammation of the liver are cer- 
tainly caused by this remedy; and it has made many brilliant 
cures of jaundice in acute and chronic hepatitis; jaundice from 
catarrh of the biliary ducts ;-jaundice from gall-stones, and jaun- 
dice complicated with pneumonia. Several cases of biliary calculi 
have been cured with large doses of Chelidonium. 
Fatty degeneration of the liver has been caused by this drug. 
All goes to show that it is one of our most prominent hepatic 
remedies. 
Kidneys.-Some think that this remedy acts prominently 
upon the kidneys. Dr. Buchmann thinks it has produced 
"Croupous inflammation and degeneration of the glandular epi- 
thelium." This, I believe, was not an effect of Chelidonium, but 
an accident; the renal symptoms all depend upon its hepatic 
action. 
Digestive Organs.-From the action of Chelidonium upon 
the stomach, through the vagi, nausea and bilious vomiting are 
prominent symptoms ; and, in the intestinal tract, from defective 
portal circulation, we have active hyperremia, with copious watery, 
bilious stools. 
The gray or yellowish-white stools show7 a, great lack of biliary 
coloring matter, indicating absorption into the blood of the bile 
before it can escape into the intestinal canal. The excessive 
jaundiced condition of the skin also illustrates its powerful action 
upon the liver. 
Tlierapeutic Individuality. 
Respiratory Organs.-Bilious or gastric pneumonia; the mu- 
cous membranes are loaded with mucus, from paresis of the vagi; 
the respiration is rapid, with dark red cheeks, accompanied with 
the most prominent key for the use of this remedy; viz., "Con- CHELIDONIUM MAJL'S. 
263 
stant pain under the inner lower angle of the right shoulder- 
blade."-G. 
Long-continued cough, with loud mucous rhonchus. 
Violent, spasmodic, straining cough, comes in paroxysms, 
with burning, shooting pains and much lachrymation. 
"My experience with it in pneumonia is, that, when the liver is 
implicated, and the right lung is affected, it will prove useful, if a 
yellow, slimy diarrhoea is found."-Hale. 
Bilious cardiac affections, from irritation of the vagi. 
Spasmus glottidis, in whooping-cough. 
Digestive Organs.-Nausea causes great heat of body. 
Tongue coated white, or heavily yellow; slimy taste. 
Loathing of food, with bitter taste in the mouth. 
Faintness, with aching, gnawing pain in the stomach and 
spleen, relieved by eating hot food; has a great craving for milk, 
which is digested easily. 
Gastric and bilious diarrhoea; stools slimy, grayish yellow, or 
watery; aggravated at night. 
Summer diarrhoea in children, when the liver is involved. 
Distended abdomen, with gurgling, and colicky pains. 
Bloating in the stomach; liver very hard and painful on 
pressure; abdomen feels constricted. 
Liver.-Acute and chronic hepatitis; liver sensitive, with 
pain in the right shoulder, and greatly congested. 
Cholesteraemia, with much disturbance of the secretory func- 
tions of the liver, and jaundice ; liver very sensitive to pressure. 
Fatty degeneration of the liver, with albuminuria. 
Jaundice from portal hypenemia or gall-stones. 
It has done much good service in gall-stones, with hepatodynia 
and general jaundice. 
Urine.-Urine deeply tinged with bile, and heavily loaded 
with the phosphates ; dark, brownish red. 
Neuralgia.-Severe neuralgia of the fifth nerve. 
Neuralgia of the eyes, relieved by closing the lids. 
Generalities.-Acts best in melancholic, choleric tempera- 
ments. Why ? Because the functions of the liver and stomach 
are perverted. Much nervous prostration, and disposition to 
sleep. 
Aggravation.-During the day; mornings. 
Amelioration.-By warm drinks; evenings. 264 
CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA. 
CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATA. 
Pipsissewa. 
Habitat, North America. Fresh plant in flower, Class III. 
Through the vegetative nervous system, Pipsissewa has two special 
centers of action: 
I. Bladder. Inflammation,- Copious Mucorrlwea. 
II. Glandular S. (Mammae and Lymphatics.) Atrophied. 
Bladder.-Through the sacral plexus of nerves, Chimaphila 
produces inflammation of the mucous membranes of the base and 
neck of the bladder, with copious discharges of muco-purulent 
matter in the urine. 
It also acts as a diuretic, increasing the secretion of urine, and 
retains its action upon the kidneys for some little time. 
Glands .-Dr. Paine says it will cause atrophy of the mammae. 
It also affects the lymphatics, and has proved of much value in 
scrofula of these organs. 
Therapeutic Individuality 
Urinary Organs.-Great quantities of fetid mucus in the 
urine; accompanied by vesical tenesmus, with frequent inclina- 
tion to urinate. 
"Chronic renal and vesical affections, with an enormous 
amount of thick, ropy, mucous sediment in the urine. Some- 
times it is mixed with blood."-Dr. E. M. Hale. 
Vesical tenesmus, with great quantities of ropy mucus in the 
urine. 
Nephritic disorders ; gravel, with ulceration, urine mixed with 
muco-purulent matter, and sometimes blood. 
Renal dropsy has been cured with this remedy many times, 
especially after scarlatina. 
. Ulcers.-In many scrofulous ulcers, it has acted rapidly. 
Some have even claimed to have cured cancer with this drug. 
Mamma1.-In atrophy of the mamms, similar to Iodine. It 
has cured tumors of the mammae, of a scrofulous character. CHLOROFORMUM. 
265 
CHLOROFORMUM. 
Chloroform. 
Chemical Preparation. Alcoholic attenuation. 
Antidotes.-(See "Antidotal Treatment," page 268.) 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Chloroformum has seven 
special centers of action : 
I. Cerebro-Spinal S. Sensory and Motor Paralysis ; Anesthesia. 
' II. Pneumogastric Nerve. Paralysis of the Respiratory Centers. 
III. Circul'n. Arterial Pressure Lowered; Vaso-Motor Paralysis. 
IV. Heart. Paralysis, and Death by Syncope. 
V. Blood. Contraction and Dissolution of lied Corpuscles. 
VI. Muscular System. Complete Muscular Paralysis. 
VII. Eye. First Stage, Pupil Dilated; Anesthetic Stage, Contrd. 
Cerebro-Splnal System.-I shall divide Chloroform narcosis 
into three stages: First, that of excitement; second, that of anes- 
thesia; third, that of profound narcosis. This division, however, 
is not always according to nature; for the first stage is often very 
different in different people, and the same with the other two; 
but, for convenience of study and practical application, this 
method appears to me the most useful. 
1. Stage of Excitement.-The first symptoms after the inha- 
lation of Chloroform are similar to those of alcoholic intoxication, 
and are generally of very short duratioh; but, in athletic persons, 
and especially in those who have been intemperate, they are 
often very prolonged and violent. In drunkards, this excitement 
can not be overcome without grave danger to life. The action 
upon the emotions during this first stage of excitement is very 
marked. Most commonly there is great joy, manifested by 
laughing, singing, talking, with gay gestures, etc.; "but it is not 
rare to find the patient melancholy, weeping and wailing, and 
sometimes very angry; and there may sometimes be temporary 
mania. It is impossible to say on what this behavior depends, 
or why it assumes such different aspects in different cases. Peo- 266 
CHLOROFORMUM. 
pie who are usually cheerful become lachrymose; mild people 
get angry; modest, retiring people get bold and shameless, and 
rice versa. The patient's character alternates from grave to gay, 
from lively to severe. The senses are rendered more acute; for 
example, the ticking of a watch seems like strokes of a sledge- 
hammer; the words that bystanders whisper gently are heard 
with amazing distinctness. Other senses are often affected in 
a similar way; but the sense of sight, as a rule, is affected in an 
exactly contrary manner: A cloud seems to come over the eyes, 
and prevents the objects around from being seen clearly; and at 
last things appear to be all jumbled up together. As a rule, 
consciousness remains intact during this first stage, and questions 
are answered correctly."-Prof. R. Boehm. 
The duration of this stage of excitement is subject to no rule; 
but generally a few minutes suffices to change the scene. The 
talking, singing, praying, swearing, etc., are hushed; the muscles 
become relaxed and limp, the flush on the face vanishes, deep 
sleep is indicated by audible snoring, and we now enter upon the 
second stage. 
2. Stage of Anesthesia. "The stage of complete unconscious- 
ness required for capital operations is now fast approaching. Vio- 
lent tonic contractions of the muscles of the body often occur 
before complete unconsciousness and perfect muscular relaxation 
set in. The extremities become rigid, the muscles of the chest are 
firmly fixed, and the respiration thus becoming impeded, causes, 
in combination with the general violent muscular contraction, 
duskiness or lividity of the face. The eyes are injected or promi- 
nent, the lips blue, the jugulars stand out like large black cords, 
the mouth is clenched, and a profuse perspiration breaks out on 
the body, especially about the face. In a few seconds all these 
symptoms pass away. They may be accepted as a sure indi- 
cation of the immediate approach of utter insensibility and com- 
plete flaccidity of the muscles, and as a warning that the admin- 
istration must be conducted with increased caution, or the pa- 
tient will suddenly pass into a stage of danger, with noisy, ster- 
torous, quick, shallow breathing, and quick, weak pulse. These 
violent muscular contractions, which greatly distort the face, 
and frighten the patient's friends, rarely occur in women or 
children, or in men weakened by exhausting illness; and it is 
a condition more frequently seen when the Chloroform is admin- 
istered too abundantly, and the patient brought too quickly 
under its influence. As these movements cease, the muscles-be- 
come flaccid, and the stage of perfect insensibility is reached. CHLOROFORMUM. 
267 
Reflex action is lost; the conjunctiva can be touched without pro- 
ducing winking. The limbs, when raised and let go, fall heavily. 
The breathing is calm, but a little superficial; the pulse is not 
much altered, but it may be a little more compressible. The face 
is moist with perspiration. The pupil is much contracted. This 
condition may be maintained with due precaution for a consider- 
able time, but, if now the Chloroform is continued in undimin- 
ished quantity, the breathing becomes noisy and stertorous; the 
pupil greatly dilates ; the pulse loses its strength; the breathing 
becomes more and more shallow, and less and less frequent, till 
both pulse and respiration stop. Even now, artificial respiration 
will often restore the breathing, bring back the pulse-beats at the 
wrist, and rescue the patient from the jaws of death. On several 
occasions, while administering Chloroform, I have witnessed re- 
covery from this critical condition. 
On the other hand, it appears that sometimes, without warn- 
ing, while the pulse is beating well and the breathing is deep and 
quiet, the heart suddenly stops, and respiration immediately 
ceases. This form of death arises probably from cardiac syncope, 
while the other form of death is probably due to gradual paraly- 
sis of the respiratory muscles from the effect of the Chloroform on 
the respiratory centers. Chloroform insensibility may with care 
be maintained for hours, and even days. In administering 
Chloroform, the attention should be directed to the state of the 
pulse, the breathing, the conjunctiva, and the pupil. The pulse 
usually retains throughout its frequency and force. Should it be- 
come quick and weak, or irregular, then the inhalation must be 
withheld, unless the frequency of the beats can be accounted for 
by the patient's struggles. The breathing often affords an earlier 
sign of danger than the state of the pulse. If the respiration 
becomes very shallow, and gradually less frequent, the Chloroform 
should be suspended fora time. 
"The surest signs of safety, and the earliest of danger, are 
afforded by the state of the conjunctiva and pupil. While irri- 
tation of the conjunctiva causes reflex action, and is followed 
by blinking, there is usually no danger. The pupil is much con- 
tracted in the stages of insensibility when no danger is to be 
apprehended; but, on the approach of peril from over-dose of the 
anaesthetic, the pupil dilates. 
"When, on touching the conjunctiva, reflex action is annulled, 
and the limbs, when raised, fall heavily, the patient is fit to un- 
dergo any operation. Vomiting happening after the complete 
Chloroformization, may be taken as a sign of returning conscious- 268 
CHLOROFORMUM. 
ness ; and, if the operation is incomplete, the inhalation should at 
once be continued, when the vomiting will speedily cease. But, 
to avoid vomiting, it is advisable that the patient should take no 
food for three or four hours before Chloroformization."-Ringer. 
The chief action of Chloroform is upon the brain and spinal 
centers. If the cerebrum is laid bare in animals subjected to its 
action, the brain shows very decided ansemia; and, in man, acci- 
dents have corroborated these experiments upon animals 
Profound Narcosis.-This is the stage of great danger; and its 
induction is uncalled for and unjustifiable. It is indicated by 
excessive muscular relaxation, complete abolition of reflex actions, 
and stertorous breathing; and death may occur very suddenly, 
"sometimes under the guise of syncope, sometimes taking the form 
of asphyxia. Herein lies the special risk of Chloroform, that 
danger comes before it is expected, and that what we call unfa- 
vorable or dangerous symptoms are generally the immediate fore- 
runners of death. In fact, death treads on the heel of danger. 
Its near approach is known by a sudden stoppage of the pulse or 
breathing, a sudden paleness overspreading the face, cyanosis or 
duskiness of the lips and dilatation of the pupils, and sometimes 
sudden relaxation of the sphincters, the passage of urine or faeces, 
vomiting, a sudden stoppage of the flow of blood during an oper- 
ation [or a sudden copious flow that causes fainting]. Violent, 
cramp-like muscular movements must also be regarded as an un- 
favorable symptom, which commonly ends with the patient dy- 
ing suddenly. This is particularly likely to occur in those 
patients who have tippled freely, and in whom it is very difficult 
to induce narcosis."-Prof. Boehm. 
When the inhalation is discontinued, the narcotized patient 
generally awakens suddenly, as from a deep sleep, in from one- 
half to three-quarters of an hour, without the faintest knowledge 
of what has befallen him in the interval. After a few minutes of 
confusion or delirium, the senses gradually return, often with 
vomiting. 
Antidotal Treatment.-Death from Chloroform narcosis may 
often be averted by the prompt use of the following means : Place 
the body at an angle of forty degrees, with the head downward, so 
as to favor the passage of arterialized blood to the brain, especially 
if there is failure of the heart's action, with fainting. Often, catch- 
ing the patient by the feet and holding him up with the head 
downward, will save his life. This is Nelaton's greatest remedy. 
The use of the alternate cold and hot douche. Artificial respira- CHLOROFORMUM. 
269 
tion, alternated with Faradization of the diaphragm, by placing 
one pole firmly against the pit of the stomach, the other over the 
larynx and neck, has acted well. Be sure and keep the tongue 
well pulled forward. The vigorous use of dry heat, in an atmos- 
phere of 8'2° F., or higher, is of great value. The introduction of 
a piece of ice into the rectum, at the same time smartly slapping 
the surface of the chest with a towel dipped in ice-water, has 
proved of signal service. Prof. Gross cures all his cases with this 
latter method. The introduction of oxygen gas, it seems to me, 
should be of great value. The cautious inhalation of Ether has 
proved useful. Inhalation of Ammonia, or the injection of this 
agent into the veins, should not be forgotten in extreme cases. 
Amyl nitrite, by inhalation and hypodermic injection, is now 
supposed to be our most useful remedial antidote. 
Mode of Administration.-Never permit the administration 
of an anaesthetic in a sitting posture; the patient should always 
be supine ; the neck and waist should be free from all constriction, 
and no solid food have been taken from eight to twelve hours pre- 
vious. A little beef tea may be allowed, and a small sip of brandy 
is often useful just before the operation. No special form of in- 
haler is required. A simple cone of paper, large enough to cover 
the nose and mouth of the patient, with a sponge or napkin placed 
in it, is all that is necessary, or a towel or any porous material. 
One or two drachms may be poured on at first, and a few drops 
added from time to time to replace loss by evaporation. Protect 
the mouth and nose by inunctions of oil. It is now well known 
that neither conditions of extreme debility, nor organic disease of 
the heart, are contra-indications. It is more dangerous to the old 
than to the middle-aged or young; and old topers are brought un- 
der its influence with considerable difficulty. Simpson applies 
Chloroform by dropping it slowly on a piece of thin cloth laid over 
the mouth and nose, which are first protected by oil. Chloroform 
has a density and weight four times those of air; and, when held 
over the mouth, the air is displaced, and it falls readily into the 
mouth and nose. The strength of the Chloroform vapor inhaled 
should not exceed 3| per cent; and then no danger need be appre- 
hended ; but its administration may be proceeded with boldly, 
the patient taking full, deep inspirations, with the eyes closed. 
Pneuniogastric Nerve.-The functions of the vagi are slowly 
abolished, as shown by the disturbed respiration; and, in fatal 
cases of Chloroform narcosis, death is brought about by sudden 270 
CHLOROFORMUM. 
paralysis of the respiratory centers in the medulla oblongata. 
Dr. A. W. Smith "considers that a very common cause of the 
stoppage of breathing in Chloroform narcosis is to be found 
in the paresis (anaesthesia) of the terminations of the sensory 
nerves in the lungs, induced by Chloroform; these nerve-endings 
being concerned, in the normal state, in the regular performance 
of the respiratory movements. We can not deny that there is 
some foundation for this theory, when we recall to mind the 
results of Breur's experiments on the part played by the periph- 
eral terminations of the vagus nerves in the act of respiration. 
Each inspiration causes an irritation of the sensory terminations 
of the vagus nerve by the very act of expansion of the lungs; this 
is carried by the centripetal vagus fibers to the center for expi- 
ration, and an expiratory movement is set up. By a similar 
mechanism, an inspiration is made to follow an expiration; so 
that, in a certain sense, the movements of respiration are auto- 
matic and self-regulating." 
When death results from Chloroform narcosis, it is from 
asphyxia, but more generally by cardiac arrest and syncope. 
Dr. Kidd regards paralysis of the respiratory muscles, with 
spasm of the glottis, as the first step in death by Chloroform; 
engorgement of the pulmonary veins and the right side of the 
heart, as the second. 
Heart.-Chloroform exerts a steady and constant depressing 
action upon the heart, and, when applied locally, in a concen- 
trated form, instantly destroys the contractile power of the heart- 
muscle. In experiments on animals, "the movements of the heart 
become weaker, and the lateral pressure in the arterial system is 
lessened, not only on this account, but because the vaso-motor 
center in the spinal cord (or medulla oblongata) loses its irri- 
tability through the poison, and may even be perfectly paralyzed. 
The weakening of the activity of the heart does not depend upon 
any influence from the nerve centers, but is dependent rather on 
a direct alteration of the motorial power of the heart, which may 
be considered by some as due to a weakening of the automatic 
centers for movement in the heart itself (or the ganglia of the 
heart), or on direct weakening of the muscular fibers of the heart. 
These changes in the circulation are, it would seem from Schei- 
nesson's experiments, also the cause of the decrease in the bodily 
temperature, and the retardation of the tissue changes in Chlo- 
roformed animals; and Lenz's experiments with the luemodro- CHLOROFORMUM. 
271 
mometer, in which the swiftness of the blood-current in the carot- 
id artery sank to one-seventh of its normal value, also speak 
strongly of the diminished propulsive power of the heart from 
Chloroform."-Prof. Boehm. 
Circulation.-The English Chloroform Committee "proved, 
that, after the first half-minute of the inhalation of Chloroform, 
there is a progressive lowering of the arterial pressure. It would, 
a priori, appear probable that this is to some extent due to a 
vaso-motor paralysis; but Sansom and Harley state that there is 
a spasm of the small vessels, which can be readily seen to occur 
in the web of a frog's foot during Chloroformization. Not until 
the third stage is reached, according to these authors, do the ves- 
sels relax into dilatation. If these observations be correct, Chloro- 
form first stimulates and afterward depresses the vaso-motor cen- 
ters."-H. C. Wood. 
Blood.-Through the direct action of Chloroform upon the 
nerves, the blood-discs become contracted; and, if air comes in 
contact with the corpuscles, they rapidly disappear, dissolving in 
the serum, and haematin crystals form. These changes are prob- 
ably due to oxidation. "According to Harley, blood, to which as 
little as 5 per cent of Chloroform has been added, becomes very 
liquid and of bright arterial hue. When Chloroform is added to 
fresh blood, and the mixture is allowed to stand for twenty-four 
hours, a marked increase takes place in the proportion of oxygen, 
and a lessening in that of Carbonic acid ; and Bert has found that 
the oxygen of the blood undergoes, during anaesthesia, an increase, 
such as Harley has found to happen when Chloroform is added 
to blood outside of the body."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Muscular System.-Through the motor nerves, Chloroform 
produces spasm and complete paralysis of the muscular system. 
In complete anaesthesia and narcosis, every muscle in the body is 
perfectly and completely paralyzed. 
Eyes.-"Dr. Bandin called attention to the pupil as a guide 
in Chloroformization, stating that, although at first it is uni- 
formly dilated, afterward it is uniformly and immovably con- 
tracted, and that this is the period for operating. Schlager is in 
accord with Dr. Bandin. In 120 out of 122 cases observed, the 
pupil was dilated during the first stage of excitement, and, during 
complete anaesthesia, narrowly contracted. He also states, that, 
if during anaesthesia the pupil returns to normal, more Chloro- 
form is required ; but, if it suddenly dilates, danger is imminent. 272 
CHLOROFORMUM. 
At present, however, the condition of the pupil can not be consid- 
ered as an absolutely safe guide in anaesthetization."-H. C. 
Wood. 
The sense of sight becomes confused, things "appear all jum- 
bled up together, " a cloud comes over the eyes, and soon vision 
is lost. 
Therapeutic Individuality 
The great use of Chloroform is as an anaesthetic; i. e., to pro- 
duce insensibility to pain in surgical operations involving intense 
pain,-as the reduction of dislocations and fractures, breaking up 
adhesions, and taxis in strangulated hernia,-and in many dis- 
eases accompanied by great pain. No known agent can equal 
Chloroform for this purpose, if the consideration of danger be left 
out. Ether is a trifle more safe, but not so convenient, for many 
reasons. The advantages of Chloroform may be thus summarily 
stated, according to Stille : 1. "A less quantity of Chloroform than 
of Ether is requisite to produce the anaesthetic effect. 2. Its ac- 
tion is more rapid and complete, and generally more persistent. 
3. Its influence is far more agreeable. 4. Considering the quan- 
tity used, it is much less expensive. 5. Its perfume is more 
pleasant, and less adherent to the clothing. 6. It is much less 
inflammable, and may, therefore, be more safely employed at 
night." 
Never administer Chloroform with the patient in a sitting 
posture, see that the neck is free from all constriction, and let no 
solid food be taken into the stomach for from six to twelve hours 
before the inhalation. Prof. Gf. A. Hall administers twenty drops 
of Chloroform internally, just before giving it by inhalation, to 
prevent nausea and vomiting. If these precautions are taken, my 
preference is greatly in favor of Chloroform over Ether. Dr. 
Syme has met with no accident in 8,000 administrations with these 
precautions. 
Those that bear Chloroform the best are delicate, weakly peo- 
ple that have been reduced by disease, and women and children. 
The robust and healthy are far more exposed to the dangerous 
effects of this agent. The age of the individual does not seem to 
have any special influence. It must not be used where there is 
softening of the brain; severe organic heart disease, with inter- 
mittent pulse; aneurisms of the aorta; extreme weakness from 
hemorrhages; extreme anaemia; and great tendency to syncope. 
Anaesthetics should not be employed in cases which would prob- CHLOROFORML'M. 
273 
ably require their use for a long time, because the inclination for 
this kind of intoxication grows rapidly, and is as difficult to con- 
trol as the Opium habit. 
Delirium tremens where excitement and violence predomi- 
nate, is most remarkably controlled by this agent. 
In convulsive affections of children. Not of much use in epi- 
lepsy, tetanus, hysteria, and insanity. 
Headache, with dizziness; great sleepiness, yawning; comatose 
sleep; pressure in the brain and roaring in the ears. 
Sick-headache, with excessive nausea and vomiting. (Inter- 
nally.) Dr. G. A. Hall has used this agent internally for this dis- 
ease with excellent results. 
Photophobia is greatly relieved by the fumes of Chloroform. 
Earache. A few drops on cotton often gives quick relief. 
■ Digestive Organs.-In toothache from a hollow tooth, two 
drops on cotton will often relieve the pain with great rapidity. 
In neuralgias of the external nerves, with excessive pain, the 
local and internal use of Chloroform is of untold value. The 
same with visceralgia located in the plexuses of the ganglionic 
nervous system in the abdominal cavity, such as gastralgia, enter- 
algia, hepatic and renal colic, etc. The inhalation of anaesthetics 
and the internal use of Chloroform have proved of signal service. 
Hiccough, of nervous form, is relieved at once by Chloroform. 
In nausea and vomiting, sea-sickness or morning sickness, 
with much acidity of stomach, and great distention of stomach 
and bowels with gas, two to five drop doses often act like magic. 
Hepatic Colic.-"Cholesteric gall-stones can always be dis- 
solved away by large doses of Chloroform, especially if combined 
with Succinate of Iron. Give from ten drops to one teaspoonful 
every one to four hours, and one teaspoonful of the Succinate of 
Iron half an hour after each meal. Chloroform, on being swal- 
lowed. passes into the acini of the liver, then into the bile of the 
gall-bladder, where it dissolves the gall-stone with the inexorable 
certainty of mathematics."-Dr. T. H. Buckler. 
Enteralgia, or colic, with intense suffering, and tympanitis; 
especially if accompanied by great restlessness from intense pain. 
Strangulated Hernia can hardly be reduced without this anaes- 
thetic. 
Haemorrhoids that are intensely painful, or with colic. 
Involuntary stools of mucus and blood, with great tenesmus. 
Renal Organs.-Bladder irritable, or paralysis of the sphinc- 
ter vesicae. 274 
CHLOROFORMUM. 
Dr. A. W. Woodward cured one case of complete paralysis of 
the sphincter vesicae following labor by ten-drop doses. 
lienal Colic. During the passage of the calculi, administer by 
inhalation, or in teaspoonful doses every hour until relieved. 
Sexual Org ans, Male.-Great prostration and relaxation of 
these organs. In acute orchitis, if Chloroform be applied locally 
to the scrotum once in three hours, it will often abort the disease. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Chloroform has here one of its 
centers of greatest usefulness. Neurosis of these organs often 
finds its remedy in this anaesthetic. For ocaralgia, dysmenorrhoea, 
fibroid growths, pelvic abscess, and phantom tumors, the importance 
of full anaesthesia can hardly be over-estimated. 
Obstetric Practice.-To the obstetrician, anaesthetics are of 
the highest value. Uterine sensibility is completely effaced, like 
all other pains, by the vapors of Chloroform. "Women who inhale 
anaesthetics continue to have abdominal and uterine contractions, 
though plunged in the sleep of anaesthesia, and often are awak- 
ened after the child is expelled, by the noise of its crying; yet 
the contractions of the uterus and the abdominal muscles may 
be notably modified in certain cases under the influence of anaes- 
thetics. They may be weakened, or even suspended, when anaes- 
thesia becomes profound. [In many women, I have seen labor 
entirely cease from even partial anaesthesia; but these are the 
exception.] If it be superficial and well managed, the contrac- 
tions of the womb and the abdominal muscles persist with their 
ordinary energy; but, if too much is given, the labor will be en- 
tirely suspended."-Prof. A. Trousseau. 
There is not the least danger to mother or child from the use 
of anaesthetics, if used as they should be ; viz.: The interval be- 
tween the pains should be watched; thirty seconds before the 
pain is anticipated inhalation should be commenced, and con- 
tinued until the pain is half over, when the Chloroform should be 
withheld, until near the approach of the next pain. Complete 
anaesthesia should never be produced except in cases requiring 
surgical interference. There is not a case on record where these 
agents have produced death, or caused a moment's anxiety in 
regard to the woman's life. It is not necessary to produce com- 
plete unconsciousness, only to give sufficient Chloroform to dull 
the pains. With complete anaesthesia, the pains may cease; 
but you will be compensated by greater relaxation of the parts. 
When instruments are used, or turning is performed, full anaesthe- CHLOROFORMUM. 
275 
sia is invaluable. The same in abortion, to extract the placenta. 
Chloroform narcosis will enable the physician to completely and 
speedily remove it with the hand without danger to the mother. 
This has been my practice for years, and I never have to resort 
to instruments. 
Puerperal Convulsions from uraemia or reflex irritation. The use 
of Chloroform has cured very many cases, and no one remedy ex- 
cels this agent in this fatal malady. If the spasms are due to 
cerebral hemorrhage, this agent should not be used. 
In ovariotomy and all extremely painful gynaecological opera- 
tions, the use of anaesthetics is imperative. 
Respiratory Organs.-In neuroses of the respiratory organs, 
as laryngismus stridulus, asthma, and pertussis, great relief is often 
obtained by the use of Chloroform, both internally and by inhala- 
tion. 
In dry, hard, spasmodic, irritable cough, two to five drops of 
Chloroform taken in glycerine every one, two, or three hours, acts 
like a charm. 
In intercostal neuralgia, pleurodynia, and myalgia with fre- 
quent stitching pains, Dr. Gr. A. Hall applies Chloroform locally, 
with fine results. 
Internal Use.-The best way to give Chloroform internally is 
to dissolve it in glycerine (one to three); or it may be given in an 
emulsion of the yolk of an egg, honey, treacle, and water, or alco- 
hol. From one drop to sixty may be given internally, without 
fear of danger. A dose of seventy-five drops acts as a soporific, 
blunts the general sensibility, as well as the special senses, pro- 
duces 'drowsiness, and reduces the pulse two beats in a minute. 
Caution.-Chloroform should never be administered without 
the presence of a third party. This is peculiarly applicable in the 
case of females; as such patients have sometimes made charges 
against the physician of illicit and improper treatment. This is 
due to a peculiar hallucination caused by the influence of Chloro- 
form upon the sexual organs. 
Local Application.-When its evaporation is prevented, it 
acts as an irritant, promptly vesicating the skin. By the use of 
a watch-glass, this can be done nicely. 
Chloroform greatly facilitates the absorption of medicines by 
the skin; hence its great value as a liniment when mixed with 
Olive oil, Aconite, Camphor, etc. See "Liniments," page 31. 276 
CIMICIFL'GA RACEMOSA. 
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
Black Cohosh. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh root; Class III. 
Antidotes.-Aeon., Bry., Gels., Puls., Cham., Camph., Bell. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Cimicifuga has three 
special centers of action : 
I. Cer.-Spinal S. Rheumatic Ilypercemia, Chorea, Paralysis. 
IL Circ'n. Febrile Irritation. Heart Irregular, Feeble. 
III. Sexual 0., Fem. Rheumatic Hypercesthesia. Excito-Motor. 
Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.-The action of this remedy 
upon the cerebro-spinal system is that of a rheumatic irritant, 
producing erethistic hypenemia of the brain, spinal cord, and, 
through this, of the whole muscular system ; and this is its grand 
pathological effect. The irritative hypersemia of the brain, espe- 
cially at its base, is strongly marked, as shown by the severe 
headache, marked vertigo, delirium, brain feeling too large for 
the cranium; dimness of vision, and the persistent and intense 
aching pains in the eyeballs. 
Spine.-It seems to affect the whole cord, as shown by its 
action upon both the nerves of motion and sensation. 
Nerves of Motion.-Through the motor nerves, this remedy 
acts as a depressing irritant, as shown by the nervous tremors re- 
sembling chorea, which are followed by paralysis. Dr. T. C. 
Miller says: "Fifteen years' observation and experience have 
proved this agent to be one of the most remarkable in all diseases 
■of the ganglio-spinal system, particularly when the motor side is 
excited, and yet, on the whole, there prevails an atony in the 
muscular and nervous system." 
Nerves of Sensation.-Neuralgia, or myalgia, is the most prom- 
inent symptom of this drug. Dr. E. M. Hale says: "It causes a 
pure neuralgia, and what the older authors called neuralgic rheu- 
matism. The neuralgia is not confined to any particular set of 
nerves, as is the case with some remedies. Its depressing, irri- 
tant action seems to be universal. The pains are aching, pressing, CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
277 
remitting, and are attended with great restlessness, and a weak, 
exhausted feeling. It seems to affect the sensory nerves of the 
left side most." 
It also produces rheumatic myositis very prominently; affect- 
ing particularly the belly of the muscle. 
Ovario-Uterine System.-Upon these organs, this remedy 
has a powerful action, producing rheumatic hyperaesthesia of in- 
tense severity, with hysteria; dysmenorrhoea; and it is said to 
even produce abortion. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Nervous and muscular irritation, of a rheumatic, neuralgic, or 
gouty origin; especially in delicate, hysterical females, who are 
more or leks afflicted with ovario-uterine disease. 
Hysterical hyperesthesia of a rheumatic character is the lead- 
ing indication. 
Neuralgic, rheumatic dysmenorrhoea, with much despondency; 
sleeplessness, and very sensitive. 
During the menses, severe pain in the back, through the hips, 
and down the thighs, with intermittent, labor-like pains ; weeping 
mood, and hysteric spasms. 
Between the menses, neuralgic pains, with much debility. 
Neuralgic, rheumatic after-pains, with great despondency, and 
sleeplessness. 
Suppression of the lochia, with great despondency, uterine 
cramps, and tendency to convulsions. 
Tendency to habitual abortion, in rheumatic subjects. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Prolapsus uteri, with sinking at 
the pit of the stomach, and profound melancholy. 
Ovarian neuralgia, where the pains change their place often, 
with profound melancholy ; menorrhagia ; dysmenorrhoea. 
In puerperal mania, and hypochondriasis, where the melan- 
choly is most marked and profound, no remedy has given better 
results. 
Rheumatic, irritable uterus, with intermittent spasmodic 
pains, and leucorrhoea. 
Mammary pains, especially at the climacteric, of a burning 
nature, worse on left side. 
Affects both the sentient and motor nerves of the uterus, as 
shown by the painful after-pains, etc. 278 
CIMICIFUGA RACEMOSA. 
Head.-Melancholia is one of the leading indications for this 
remedy; and it is caused by "a central hyperesthesia of the 
general sensory nerve centers; and with this excitability, we 
find nearly always a suppression of all muscular action. It may 
well be called the pain of the soul, 'the mania of sorrow.' "- 
Dr. Talcott. 
Desire for solitude, with suicidal tendency, and irritability. 
Obstinate insomnia; imagining strange objects in the room, 
on the bed, etc., with dilated pupils and tremor of the limbs. 
Pains in every portion of the head, but more in the vertex and 
occiput; often extending to the shoulders and down the spine; of 
a pressing and throbbing nature, accompanied with delirium. 
"Sensation as if the top of the head would fly off, with a feel- 
ing as if the cerebrum was too large for the skull; pressing out- 
ward and upward." 
"Remarkable heat in the back of the head, often extending 
down the back, during convulsions, and complaint of great sore- 
ness in the muscles of the neck and shoulders, after the convul- 
sions."-Dr. S. H. Talcott. 
Headache of drunkards and students. 
" 'I don't know what is the matter with my head; I don't feel 
like myself,' with bluish hue of the face."-Dr. Rotch. 
"All the pains of the head are from within outward."-Male. 
Eyes.-Intense and persistent pain in the eyeballs. 
"Nearly all the pains in the head extend to the eyeballs; they 
are aggravated by movement, relieved by the open air; attended 
by faintness, and sinking at the pit of the stomach."-Hale. 
Fixed pain in the center of the eyeball; hypersesthesia, with- 
out redness of the eyeball 7 ciliary neuralgia. 
Ocular hyperesthesia in rheumatic subjects. 
Digestive Organs.-Nausea and vomiting, due to cerebral 
sympathetic irritation. 
Dry pharynx, with dysphagia and frequent inclination to swal- 
low. Sinking sensation at the epigastrium, with faintness. 
Neuralgic pains in the abdomen (uterine diseases). 
Urine pale and abundant; in hysteria. 
Weakness, trembling, and spasmodic action of the muscles, as 
shown in choreic affections. 
"Chorea of the heart; tumultuous, irregular, unexpected, and 
strange motions of the heart; aggravated by emotions, and sub- 
dued by sleep."-Hale. 
Pleurodynia and intercostal rheumatism. CINA. 
279 
Beflex laryngeal and bronchial cough from uterine irritation, 
of a dry, spasmodic character. 
Excessive muscular soreness in all the limbs. 
Violent aching pains in the small of the back. 
Soreness of all the muscles of the spine, especially in the cer- 
vical region. 
Aggravation.-Morning; motion, cold air, and during the 
menses. 
Amelioration.-From rest; open warm air, and warmth in 
general. 
CINA. 
Worm-seed. 
Habitat: Asia, etc Tincture of the dried flowers, Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Cinch., Camph., Hyosc., Bry., Ipec. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Cina (especially its Al- 
kaloid, Santonine) has four special centers of action: 
I. Cerebro-Spinal System. Convulsions and Coma. 
II. Eyes.- Mydriasis; Xanthopsia; Hyperesthesia. 
III. Digestive Organs. Hyperemia; Irritation. Parasiticide. 
IV. Kidneys. Hyperemia; Hemorrhage; Sphincter Paresis. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-"A healthy child took two grains 
of Santonine, and in a quarter of an hour it was seized with con- 
vulsions ; and within one hour it lay unconscious, with a hot head 
and congested face, the eyes twitching convulsively, the pupils 
largely dilated and insensible, the mouth foaming, the teeth 
clenched, the breathing stertorous, and the upper limbs occasion- 
ally jerking. On the morrow recovery was complete."-Stille. 
Upon the brain and anterior portion of the spinal cord, the 
action of Santonine is very marked, as shown in cases of poison- 
ing, by the "great pallor of surface, with a blue color around the 
eyes or involving the whole countenance, which has been gener- 
ally an early symptom; vomiting has not rarely been present, and 280 
CINA. 
sometimes has been accompanied by colicky pains. Besides 
these manifestations, giddiness, mental apathy or stupor, great 
coldness of the surface, profuse sweating, trembling, mydriasis, 
and finally loss of consciousness, with convulsions, often violent, 
accompanied by opisthotonos and emprosthotonos, and failure of 
respiration, are the usual phenomena of Santonine-poisoning."- 
H. C. Wood, M. D. 
Large doses in dogs and rabbits produce "accelerated breath- 
ing, slowing of the pulse, universal trembling, cramps, free sali- 
vation, unconsciousness, convulsions, dilated pupils, and death. 
After death, the lesions are hypersemia of the nerve centers; con- 
gestion of the lungs and heart; spinal marrow and investing 
membrane greatly engorged with blood."-Wood. 
Eyes -A prominent symptom of Santonine upon the eyes is 
xanthopsia or "yellow seeing." "Usually it consists of a very 
deep yellow tint imparted to the landscape and to every object 
looked at, an effect perhaps most comparable to that of looking 
through yellow glass. Sometimes this yellow is replaced by 
green; and Heydloff states that he has seen patients in whom the 
tint was red, and others in whom it was blue. Rose believes that 
the chromatopsia is due to a peculiar action of the drug upon the 
nerve centers ; but it seems to me more probable that it is simply 
the result of a very faint staining of the humors and other parts 
of the eye by the drug, and is analogous to the similar phenome- 
non sonfetimes seen in jaundice."-Wood. 
Dr. Rose and Dr. Ogston find that Santonine always produces 
hyperaemia of the retina, and believe the chromatopsia is owing 
to its influence either on the retina or brain; for it does not color 
the structure of the eye. Drs. Ogston and Brown assert that 
Santonine produced cataract in the eyes of young kittens, but 
would not in adult cats. In nine cases of cataract the drug cured 
four. 
It produces great dilatation of the pupils. 
A child took five grains of Santonic acid. It became amau- 
rotic, and did not recover its sight for two months. 
Santonine has proved of great value in nervous deficiency, 
atrophy of the nervous element of the eye, hypersesthesia of the 
retina, amaurosis, and choroiditis. 
Olfactory Nerve.-Upon this nerve, it also has a decided 
effect, as shown by hallucination of smell. The sense of taste is 
also perverted in some cases. CINA. 
281 
Digestive Organs.-Through the vagi, large doses of Santo- 
nine produce gastric oppression, great thirst, nausea, vomiting, 
colic, and profuse diarrhoea, bloated abdomen, and yellow com- 
plexion. In the gastro-intestinal canal, Cina, and especially 
Santonine, has a double action; first, causing hypersemia and 
diarrhoea, and, second, destroying the life of almost every species 
of intestinal worms, but especially lumbrici. Bouchut relates 
that a single dose of two grains, in a child two years old, caused 
the evacuation during one day of one hundred and sixty-six lum- 
bricoid worms. Kuchenmeister found that Santonine and Castor 
oil, mixed with albumen, killed ascarides in ten minutes, while 
without the oil the Santonine had no effect. Injected into the 
rectum with the oil, it will destroy these thread-worms. Upon 
the tape-worm this drug seems to have but little or no effect. 
Renal Organs.-Upon the urinary organs, Santonine has a 
decided action, increasing the flow of urine, and augmenting the 
elimination of urea. The discoloration of the urine is very 
marked. At first it has an orange tint; but large doses produce 
a saffron-like or purplish-red color, in some cases like blood. 
Toxic doses have produced haematuria. Giovanni cites a case of 
a child six years of age, who took six grains of Santonine, which 
caused her to pass bloody urine; and death took place from con- 
tinuous hemorrhage. Dr. Page gives us a case of poisoning 
with this drug, with involuntary urination during sleep. Its 
action, through the sacral plexus, upon the sphincter vesica, is 
very great, producing paresis, as shown by the enuresis. The 
difficulty of holding the water at night is a leading symptom 
of Santonine. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
This remedy is especially adapted to children troubled with 
worms, and is absolutely specific for lumbricoides, subduing all 
the constitutional symptoms caused by these parasites. I always 
use the first two triturations of Santonine instead of the Cina. 
Children that are exceedingly unamiable, nothing pleases them, 
they will not lie awake five minutes without crying, must be car- 
ried or rocked constantly day and night 
Head.-Vertigo with faintness, worse on rising up. Frontal 
headache, increased by reflexion, as much externally as inter- 
nally ; the pain is stupefying. 
"Exceedingly unamiable. Nothing pleases the child."-G. 282 
CINA. 
Pressing pains internally in the eyes, with dilated pupils. 
The blue margins around the eyes indicate abdominal disease. 
Pressure as from a heavy weight, as if the brain were pressed 
down in the middle of the vertex; pressure increases and renews 
the pain. 
Constantly picking and boring or rubbing at the nose. 
Grinding of the teeth and tossing about during sleep; always 
cross and fretful when awake. 
Eyes.-Optical illusions; everything looks yellow (xanthopsia). 
Pupils dilated; with brain symptoms, and amaurosis. 
Hyperaesthesia of the retina, with atrophy. (Santonine.) 
Digestive Organs.-Tongue red on the edges, with large pa- 
pillae ; or coated brown or yellow. Great hunger soon after 
eating. 
Frequent motion as if swallowing something. 
Sensation as if a ball were rising in the throat, which causes 
frequent inclination to swallow. 
Desires many things, but refuses them when offered. 
Great hunger immediately after eating. 
Qualmishness, with vomiting of mucus and lumbrici. 
Belly hard and distended, with boring, twisting pains about 
the navel, and mucous stools. 
Stools mixed with lumbrici. 
Itching of the anus, especially at night, with restlessness. 
The anthelmintic power of Cina, and especially its Alkaloid, 
Santonine,-both acting as parasiticides, directly destroying the 
worms,-is also aided by its power as a restorative stimulant, by 
which the habitat of the parasites is rendered unfit to support 
life, so that they lose their hold and die. The mucous membrane 
is in an unhealthy state, secreting much tenacious mucus, which 
forms a favoring nidus for the development of worms. This 
condition is generally found in scrofulous children, who are un- 
healthy and ansemic. One or two grains of the first decimal of 
Santonine given three times a day, will cure about every case of 
lumbricoides in from two days to a week. For ascarides, it 
should be mixed with oil or lard, and injected into the rectum 
every night for twelve nights. 
Urinary Organs.-Enuresis nocturna, from worms. In chil- 
dren that are troubled with worms, and have great difficulty in 
holding their water at night, or wet the bed every night, Santo- 
nine will act like a charm. CINA. 
283 
"The urine turns milky after standing a little."-G. 
Saffron-colored urine; becomes turbid in a few minutes. 
Hsematuria in children, from nephritis. 
Respiratory Organs.-Hoarse, gagging, croupy cough, simi- 
lar to that of croup, caused by worms, will be arrested at once 
with Santonine. This croupy cough will last for months, then be 
arrested immediately by Santonine. 
"The symptoms of the respiratory organs indicate a catarrhal 
affection of a light grade, with great nervous excitement involving 
the whole cerebro-spinal system, similar to that of whooping- 
cough."-D. 
"The preponderance of the nervous over the local affection 
indicates the role which Cina plays in whooping-cough and in 
spasmodic asthma."-D. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Convulsions with consciousness; 
even if epileptic, they are conscious. 
Many cases of fever are kept up for days, that will be cured 
at once with Santonine. 
Spasmodic affection of the larynx and respiratory muscles in 
children with helminthiasis. 
For intermittent fever, mild cases, light chill, good deal of 
fever, with vomiting of food, and colicky pains in children afflicted 
with worms, use Santonine. 
Urticaria from irritation of the abdominal cavity. 
In chorea in children afflicted with worms, Santonine acts like 
a charm. 
Aggravation.-At night, when pressed upon, the pain is ag- 
gravated in children with worms; when looked at, and when 
crossed in'the least. 
Amelioration.-During the day; from cold and motion. 284 
CINCHONA. 
CINCHONA. 
Peruvian Bark. 
Habitat: South America, etc. Tincture of the dried bark. Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Natr. mur., Ars., Sulph., Carb, veg., Ferrum, Ipec., Puls., Camph. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Cinchona and its Alka- 
loids have eighteen special centers of action: 
I. Brain. Intense Hypercemia; Bursting Headache,- Coma. 
II. Auditory N. Paralysis; Singing, Buzzing, Deafness. 
III. Eyes. Mydriasis; Amaurosis. 
IV. Trigeminus. Hypercesthesia; Neuralgia. 
V. Spine. (Motor Portion.) Convulsions; Paralysis. 
VI. Vagi. Tonic. Paresis; Slow Digestion. 
VII. Lungs. Venous Congestion; Dyspnoea; Ancemia. 
VIII. Spleen. Venous Hypercemia; Hypertrophy; Hydrcemia. 
IX. Liver. Paresis; Chronic Congestion; Jaundice. 
X. Kidneys. Urea and Uric Acid Greatly Diminished. 
XL Sexual 0., Male. Debility; Exhausting Pollutions; Imp. 
XII. Sexual 0., Female. Sex. Excitement; Cop. Hemorrhage. 
XIII. Muscular S. Ancemia; Paresis; Intermittent Myalgia. 
XIV. Skin. Acne; Hydrcemia; Anasarca. 
XV. Blood. Ancemia; White Corp's Dest'd; Fibrine Increased. 
XVI. Circ'n. Tonic. Cardiac and Vaso-Motor Paralysis. 
XVII. Temperature. Febrile Temperature Greatly Lowered. 
XVIII. Antiseptic. Arrests Fermentation with Great Rapidity. 
Brain.-The effects of this remedy are especially centered up- 
on the base of the brain, affecting particularly the corpora striata, 
optic thalami and corpora quadrig emina. From the irritation and 
prostration of these organs, we have intense congestion, border- 
ing upon inflammation of the brain. Yet, I do not believe that 
genuine acute inflammation of the brain can be produced in man 
by toxic doses of Cinchona or its Alkaloid; though the hypere- 
mia is intense, as shown by the deafness, blindness, delirium, CINCHONA. 
285 
coma, convulsions, excessive vertigo, slow respiration, feeble 
pulse, and collapse unto death. 
' Giddiness and buzzing in the ears, are the most common 
effects of this medicine; but the confusion of sight and faint- 
ness which accompany them cease as soon as the patient lies 
down. They are apt to occur for several days whenever the 
erect posture is assumed. In the higher degrees of Cinchonism, 
the patient sometimes reels as if intoxicated, and presents the 
appearance characteristic of the invasion of low fevers. In a few 
cases of nervous and excitable persons, delirium has been ob- 
served,-sometimes of a gay or noisy description, like the excite- 
ment produced by alcohol; but less frequently it accompanies a 
dreamy, dull, and listless condition. In a few instances, convul- 
sions have occurred, either when the dose was too large, or when 
it was given to a person affected with cerebral disease. Finally, 
when an overdose is taken, a state of debility may ensue which 
gradually deepens into collapse. 
"The minimum fatal dose of Quinine is not known, but is large, 
and varies much, probably because the intestinal glands do not 
absorb it all. Dr. Clapton gives a case, in which a soldier took 
an ounce of the Sulphate, stirred up in some water, that only 
produced delirium and stupor. In the famous case of Bazire, five 
ounces taken in the course of ten days caused death. 
"In large doses, Quinia without doubt abolishes the function of 
the cerebrum. Dr. Jakoubowich says, that when given to young 
pups in doses of from one to fifteen grains, Quinia produces vio- 
lent but short epileptiform convulsions, followed by sleep, either 
comatose or delirious."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Auditory Nerve.-The action here is specific and powerful, 
as shown by the various sounds in the ears, as singing, roaring, 
hissing, buzzing. Hardness of hearing, and in many instances 
positive deafness, has been produced by large doses of Quinine. 
Stille says: "The deafness, although sometimes very great, 
and even complete, is alleged never to be permanent; but this 
rule is not absolute, as will hereafter be shown, at least in regard 
to excessive long-continued doses of the medicine." 
Eyes.-Through its action upon the corpora quadrigemina, 
we have dilatation of the pupil, and sometimes complete blind- 
ness. "The eye is morbidly sensitive, and experiences a feeling 
of tension ; vision is subsequently clouded, objects appear double 
or unnaturally small. Finally, very large doses may produce 286 
CINCHONA. 
blindness. In that case, the pupils are largely dilated. This 
amaurosis seldom lasts longer than a day or two; but Briquet 
mentions a case in which it did not cease for a month."-Stille. 
The Trigeminus.-Upon the fifth pair of nerves, Cinchona 
and its Alkaloid have a specific action; producing hyperaesthesia 
and severe neuralgia, especially centering upon the supra-orbital 
branch. 
It also produces hyperaesthesia of the facial nerve. 
Pneumogastric.-Upon this nerve, with its various branches, 
China and its Alkaloid have a special and profound action. 
First, the digestive organs. Here its action is shown by the 
putrid, bitter taste; white-coated tongue, canine hunger or com- 
plete loss of appetite ; violent thirst, sour eructations, nausea, and 
vomiting of acid food, or bitter, bilious vomiting; slow digestion, 
with much flatulence and gastralgia. 
Dr. H. C. Wood says: "Upon the stomach and intestines, 
Quinine acts very much as a simple bitter. In moderate doses, 
it stimulates digestion and increases the appetite; in large doses, 
it not unfrequently causes nausea and vomiting. When there is 
any morbid irritability of the mucous membrane of the stomach 
or bowels, its irritant action is often very marked, and its con- 
tinued use in large doses has been known to cause gastritis." 
Stille says : "Small doses have a tendency to produce consti- 
pation, while large quantities very generally occasion diarrhoea." 
From portal congestion, we have copious watery diarrhoea. 
Spleen.-Through the filaments of the vagi, Quinine has a 
marked influence on the spleen. Large doses of Quinine first 
diminish the size of the spleen, by its action upon the muscular 
fibers of the veins that this organ is so abundantly supplied with. 
The effect of organic reaction, or secondary effect, is an excessive 
supply of blood, producing enlargement and chronic hypertrophy 
of this organ; hence its great utility in enlargement of the spleen 
following intermittent fever. Dr. Jerusalimsky believes the con- 
traction to be caused chiefly by an action on the peripheral 
splenic nerves and muscles. Drs. Smith and Piorry believe that 
large doses of Quinine will produce immediate contraction and 
lessening of the spleen; but Drs. Stille, Wood, and others claim 
that this has not been confirmed, and teach that it is highly im- 
probable. But we know that Cinchonism will produce chronic 
hypertrophy of the spleen. CINCHONA. 
287 
The nervous life of the Malpighian bodies of the spleen is de- 
stroyed through Cinchona's action on the right pneumogastric 
nerve and semilunar ganglia, and their catalytic blood-making 
functions are lost. This is one cause of the anaemia we. see in 
those who are suffering from Cinchonism. 
Lungs.-It produces congestion, with haemoptysis; dyspnoea; 
anaemia and great debility. 
Dr. Stille says: "That the lungs are embarrassed in their 
functions, but probably through the nerves more than the circu- 
latory system, is proved by observation. It is not unusual for 
persons under the influence of large doses, to complain of tight- 
ness and oppression of the praecordia, while the face grows pale 
and wears a look of distress. Sometimes, indeed, there is severe 
dyspnoea, and a sibilant rhonchus is heard in the lungs. Yet, 
there is no reason to believe that this interference with respira- 
tion predisposes the lungs to become engorged or inflamed." This 
is a practical hint; for, in acute congestion and inflammation, this 
remedy is of no real use; but, in passive congestion and anaemia, 
Cinchona is of great value. 
Liver.-We now come to that part of the organism wherein 
lies the most useful sphere of Cinchona and its Alkaloid, the Sul- 
phate of Quinine. Just how it acts upon this organ is still some- 
what of a mystery. The action of Cinchona, and especially its 
Alkaloid, is to produce complete prostration of the nervous cen- 
ters, and, through them (by means of their nervous connection), 
of the tissues in conjunction with them. In this case, through 
the pneumogastric, and vaso-motor nerves of the hepatic cells, 
we have paresis and long-lasting congestion of the liver, with its 
many symptoms. 
One of the most prominent of these symptoms is jaundice. 
Jaundice is not a disease, but a symptom, and is produced in the 
following way: 
The bile already secreted, is reabsorbed, and stagnates in the 
hepatic cells and bile-ducts, in consequence of paralysis, or a me- 
chanical impediment to its excretion. It is then carried into the 
blood by means of the veins and lymphatics. 
Dr. Frericks says jaundice is produced in the following 
manner: "Whatever view we accept as to the mode of separa- 
tion of the substance secreted by the liver, still it is certain that 
an increased absorption of bile into the blood may be dependent 
upon a difference of tension of the contents of the hepatic and 288 
CINCHONA. 
blood vessels. Such a condition may arise in two ways: (1) 
From obstruction of the bile-ducts, by which the pressure on the 
side of the cell-contents is increased; and (2) from obstruction to 
the flow of blood in the portal system, and consequent diminu- 
tion of the pressure of this fluid on the sides. The former mode 
of production is the more common, and is the only one which as 
yet has been investigated. All mechanical obstructions which 
interfere with or arrest the flow of bile into the larger or smaller 
biliary ducts, produce jaundice in this way." 
The investigations of Claude Bernard have proven that "irritat- 
ing causes which stimulate certain parts of the nervous system- 
such as punctures in certain regions of the medulla oblongata, 
and electric stimulation of the proximal extremities of the di- 
vided pneumogastric nerves, and injuries which reduce the nerv- 
ous energy of the individual, such as contusions of the head, 
poisoning with curare, etherization, etc.-give rise to congestion of 
the liver, while division of the spinal cord below the cervical 
plexus is followed by an opposite result." 
This explains to us why Quinine is so useful in congestions of 
the liver; for its great action is upon that part of the brain and 
cord that has control over the functions of the liver through the 
vagi. 
All authors writing upon Cinchona and its Alkaloid, claim that 
it acts through the ganglionic nervous system. I claim a different 
action for this drug. All its action is similar to that of narcotics ; 
and all of its symptoms go to show that Quinine's great central 
action is upon the animal nervous centers in the base of the 
brain, and that through these centers its action is controlled. I am 
well aware that it does have a profound action upon the solar 
plexus. But the solar plexus derives its life from the cerebro- 
spinal nervous system ; consequently it is the highest officer under 
the control of the cerebral centers. It is now a settled fact, that 
the filaments of the pneumogastric are copiously blended and 
joined in with the solar plexus, extending with the fibers of the 
solar plexus throughout its ramifications in the intestinal cavity; 
and that the pneumogastric is the motor nerve of the intestinal 
tract, and governs the vermicular action of the intestines. 
By means of a telegraphic instrument in his room, Vander- 
bilt, during his long illness, had as complete supervision over all 
that was done on the New York Central Railroad as though 
he had been over the road once a day; and yet he was never out 
of his room. Just so with Cinchona and its Alkaloid. The cere- 
bral centers in the base of the brain are its grand starting-point CINCHONA. 
289 
and center of action; this center is King, and the solar plexus 
is the most prominent Governor under his control. This is done 
through the motor nerves and back through the sensory. Its 
great action, then, upon the liver, is to produce debility of the 
vaso-motor nerves of the hepatic cells, paralyzing their functions, 
thereby producing long-lasting congestion of the liver, with its 
great train of symptoms. 
Upon the biliary ducts, I believe, Cinchona has a special 
action. Dr. Thayer, of Boston, says it is a specific for the ex- 
pulsion and radical cure of gall-stones. From this, it not only 
affects the muscular tissue so as to produce contractions of 
the neck of the gall-bladder and larger biliary ducts, but in- 
creases and changes the biliary secretions, so as to prevent their 
formation. 
Urinary Organs.-Through the vascular system, Cinchona 
and its Alkaloid have a marked action upon the urinary organs, 
greatly diminishing the uric acid. Dr. Ranke tried it in three 
individuals in health, and found, that, under the influence of 
Quinia, the uric acid was diminished nearly one half. Dr. Ham- 
mond made a series of observations during an attack of intermit- 
tent fever, where, as in all fevers, the amount of uric acid is 
always greatly increased. He found in this case the quantity 
promptly reduced more than one-half by the action of Quinia. 
Dr. G. Kerner says: "When about nine grains of Quinia were 
taken in divided doses during the course of the day, the urea was 
decreased not quite one-eighth; the uric acid to a little less than 
one-half; the kreatinine was slightly increased, and the nitroge- 
nous material decreased about one-ninth. When a very large 
dose (thirty-eight grains) was taken in the morning, the urea and 
the kreatinine were each decreased about one-fourth, as was also 
the collective nitrogenous material; the phosphoric acid was less- 
ened about one-fifth, and the uric acid about four-fifths. Zuntz 
found that twenty-five grains of Quinia reduced his elimination 
of urea nearly forty per cent. Experiments upon dogs have con- 
firmed this decrease in the elimination of urea." 
"Dr. Cachere relates two cases, in one of which a boy of thir- 
teen took ten grains of Quinia in three doses, and profuse 
hemorrhage took place from the urinary passages. Subse- 
quently an infusion of Cinchona produced the same effect in 
a girl aged seven."-Stille. 
Dr. J. M. Fothergill states that in some old subjects Quinia 
produces so much vesical irritation as to forbid its employment. 290 
CINCHONA. 
It also causes the urine to deposit a whitish sediment as well as 
the phosphates. Quinia may be easily detected in the urine. 
The solution employed by Bryant for this purpose contained, 
to two parts of iodine, eight of iodide of potassium,and two hun- 
dred and fifty of water. He found the action of the test to 
correspond closely with the observable effects of the medicine 
upon the nervous system. After the exhibition of eight grains of 
Quinia in one dose, a precipitate sometimes appeared in half 
an hour, though more frequently at the end of two hours. The 
length of time, therefore, before the appearance of Quinia, is 
invariably proportionate to the quantity taken, and the same rule 
holds in relation to the period during which the effects are felt. 
Another fact shown by the same experimenter, is that the 
quantity of salt eliminated, is directly proportionate to that in- 
troduced. A third, also highly interesting, is that the elimina- 
tion always ceases after a short time, generally little exceeding 
that during which the effects of Quinia persist. Thus, after a 
single dose of about three grains, the Quinia disappeared from 
the urine in from twenty to twenty-four hours ; after thirty grains 
taken during twelve hours, in about forty hours; and after large 
doses, taken for several days, in from sixty to eighty hours. 
This most beautifully illustrates to us that the action of 
Quinia is not through any chemical combination with the tissues, 
but that it is through its spiritual, medicinal (dynamic) principle 
acting upon the vital organs. 
"Its removal, according to the researches of Binz, goes on 
slowly; for it is stated that in six experiments only a little more 
than two-thirds of the ingested quantity was excreted in the first 
forty-eight hours. Further, DeRenzi has found it in the urine 
seven days after the ingestion of the last dose. Dr. L. Thau, 
however, in three experiments, out of 4.4586 grammes of the 
Alkaloid which were given, recovered from the urine passed dur- 
ing the forty-eight hours 4.3 grammes, so that only 0.1586 
gramme remained unaccounted for. A portion of this residue 
was perhaps lost in the chemical operations. But it is probable 
that some of the Quinia is eliminated through other channels than 
the kidneys; since Prof. Binz has found it in the saliva of a poi- 
soned dog, and Landeur states that he has detected it in the 
urine, sweat, tears, and milk of nursing women, and in the serum 
of dropsical effusions. Dr. G. Kerner has found that Quinia as 
excreted is in an amorphous, uncrystallizable form. He also has 
discovered in the urine of persons taking Quinine a peculiar sub- 
stance, sometimes amorphous, sometimes in acicular, prismatic CINCHONA. 
291 
crystal, free from bitter taste, possessing the Quinia inflores- 
cence, which he believes to be a derivative formed in the body 
from the ingested Alkaloid."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Sexual Organs.-The specific and powerful action Cinchona 
has upon the organs of special sense located in the base of the 
brain, shows us at once why this remedy is so useful in diseases 
of the generative organs. Cinchona affects the whole nervous 
life of the cerebellum, debilitating and prostrating its functions, 
and consequently affects, through the animal nervous system, 
the sexual functions. The regulation of the motor functions is 
presided over and controlled by the cerebellum ; and the debility 
of this cerebral center, so prominently produced by Cinchona, ex- 
plains its great and useful action upon the sexual organs; for it 
is in diseases where debility of the motor nervous system is so 
prominent, that the use of Cinchona is especially called for. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Debilitating nocturnal emissions. 
Impotence from long-continued seminal losses, with sexual 
dreams, and complete prostration of the whole animal and mus- 
cular system, from undue sexual excitement. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Dr. Wood says: "At present, it 
seems established that Quinia in full doses (ten to twenty grains) 
is a very powerful stimulant to the uterine contractions during 
labor. The pains it produces so exactly simulate the natural 
ones as to indicate that they are not so much caused by a specific 
action of the drug as by its arousing the general nervous forces of 
the system. Be this as it may, most of the leading accoucheurs 
of this city [Philadelphia] and of New York are accustomed 
to rely upon Quinia in cases of uterine inertia from exhaustion." 
Dr. Monteverdi says, "that Quinia is a uterine stimulant, 
causing at times in the gravid womb contractions sufficiently 
violent to induce abortion, and, when given during labor, intensi- 
fying greatly the uterine pains, and after labor causing rapid ex- 
pulsion of the placenta, and arresting uterine hemorrhage; 
affirming, further, that, in amenorrhoea or in menorrhagia from 
uterine inertia, its action is no less marked. Many regard the 
use of Quinine as dangerous and even criminal in any disease in 
pregnant women. The belief of these persons is that this sub- 
stance exercises a direct influence upon the uterus, causing pow- 
erful contractions and expulsion of the fcetus." The oxytocic 
power of Quinia, as claimed by many, I do not believe in. When 
abortion occurs while the patient is under the influence of Quinia, 
it is from other causes, and not the direct effect of this drug. 292 
CINCHONA. 
Cinchona excites the ovario-uterine functions so as to produce 
copious uterine hemorrhages. The menses are too early, copious, 
with black clots; followed by a watery leucorrhcea and much de- 
bility. Dr. Phillips says that all the Alkaloids of Cinchona cause 
sexual excitement. Hahnemann and several of Joerg's provers 
all claim the same for this drug. 
Muscular System.-Cinchona produces anaemia, muscular 
prostration, myalgia, and neuralgia, as shown in Cinchonism. 
In the extremities, Quinia produces debility of the muscles, 
myalgia, and intermittent rheumatic neuralgia. Full doses pro- 
duce complete prostration of the motor nervous system, and, 
through this, of the muscles. To get the great prostrating effect 
of this remedy, requires large doses; but it takes but a small 
quantity of Gelsemium and Veratrum viride. The effects of 
Quinia are more lasting (chronic in nature), the prostration of 
the muscular system being in a great measure caused by anaemia 
of the blood-making organs. 
Eulenburg found that "the drug in poisonous doses abol- 
ishes all reflex action before voluntary motion; since poisoned 
frogs, in which no movement could be excited by mechanical 
or chemical irritations of the skin, would immediately turn into 
their normal position when laid on the back. That these move- 
ments were voluntary, was shown by the fact that section of the 
cord high up prevented them. 
"When Quinia was brought into contact with a nerve, it did 
not cause contraction in the tributary muscle; but, when placed 
upon the muscles themselves, it induced immediate violent 
action. He therefore concludes that it is not a nerve-irritant, 
but a muscle irritant. When administered to dogs in sufficient 
quantity, it produces restlessness, followed by muscular trem- 
blings, which have been compared to those of paralysis agitans ; 
loss of power, deepening into more or less complete paralysis; 
dyspnoea; cerebral symptoms ; convulsions; and finally death by 
failure of respiration."-H. C. Wood. 
From anaemia, we have myalgia of the muscles, and intermit- 
tent neuralgia. 
Skin.-"In the Quinine factories of France, it seems that an 
acne-like eruption is one of the most common effects of exposure 
to the Cinchona dust; and it is so clearly recognized that some 
workmen are obliged to abandon the business on account of 
its persistence. It appears in an acne-like, itching eruption, CINCHONA. 
293 
principally upon the thighs, scrotum, etc., though often over the 
whole body, exuding a sero-pus, and finally forming scabs. 
When the suppuration attacks the face, it occasions great swell- 
ing of the head, face, and eyelids (similar to Bhus-poisoning); 
and the suffering of the patient is often very acute, especially 
when it attacks the genital organs. It makes its appearance 
very shortly after exposure to the poison, and disappears upon 
removal from its influence."-Stille. 
Cinchona and its Alkaloid have often cured moist gangrene 
of the scrotum and vulva. The above effects show that it has 
a special action upon those parts. From the prostration and 
decay of the reproductive system, ulcers may be produced upon 
the skin; and Quinia has often cured such ulcers. 
From the anaemia produced by Quinia, we have general ana- 
sarca of the cellular tissue. 
Jaundice is a prominent symptom of this remedy. 
Blood.-Cinchona, and especially its Alkaloid, is a most po- 
tent protoplasm poison; even in minute doses, it kills the white 
corpuscles; and this produces a state of the system similar to 
that caused by the loss of this vital fluid. Briquet found that 
Quinia increases the fibrine, and diminishes the number of red 
corpuscles in the blood; and this fact destroys the theory of the 
tonic properties of Cinchona, unless it be given in very minute 
doses. Anaemia is well outlined in Cinchonism. 
"According to Bonorn and Arvedi, to Magendie, to Monneret, to 
Melier, and to Baldwin,-in animals killed with Quinia, the blood 
is found to be a dark, defibrinated fluid, and incapable of form- 
ing a clot. Briquet, however, denies that this alteration of the 
blood is constant or even common in Quinia-poisoning. as he 
found it in only four out of twenty-three dogs so sacrificed; and 
he believes that it is merely an accident dependent upon the 
method of death. In a series of analyses, apparently carefully 
made, he found that the continued use of Quinia augments the 
proportion of flbrine, but lowers that of the corpuscles. . . . 
"In 1867, Prof. Binz announced the fact that Quinia, added to 
human blood in the proportion of one part to four thousand, im- 
mediately checks, and in a short time arrests, the amoeboid move- 
ments of the white blood-cells. Confirmation of this has been fur- 
nished by Scharrenbroich, Kerner, Geltowsky, and by Jerusalim- 
sky. The minimum effective strength of the solution has been 
found to vary in different species of animals, and even in different 
individuals of the same species. 294 
CINCHONA. 
"It is a matter of great interest to determine whether Quinia 
acts in the living organism as on the stage of the microscope; 
and, to settle this point, Prof. Binz has experimented according 
to the method of Cohnheim. He found, that, when the mesen- 
tery of Curarized frogs, to which Quinia had been given, was ex- 
posed upon the stage of the microscope, no accumulation of 
white blood-cells in the small vessels, or passage of them out into 
the tissues, occurred upon irritation; or, if after a time these 
phenomena commenced, they were at once checked by a small 
hypodermic injection of the Alkaloid. When the inflammatory 
process had already commenced in a 'Cohnheim frog,' an injec- 
tion of Quinia would cause the wandering out of the corpuscles to 
cease, and would bring about a gradual clearing of the white cells 
from the choked-up vessels. Prof. Binz further took two young 
cats, and, after poisoning one of them with Quinia, examined 
their blood. In the blood of the unpoisoned animal, the white 
cells were far more abundant than in that of the poisoned cat. 
From these facts, Prof. Binz deduces the conclusion that Quinia 
acts destructively in the system upon the white blood-corpuscles 
in the same way as when they are out of the body. Dr. Geo. R. 
Cutter has experimentally confirmed the effect of Quinia in pre- 
venting the extrusion of white blood-cells in the frog's mesentery; 
and A. Martin has not only done this, but has also found that the 
action of the drug is apparent in the center of parenchymatous 
organs, such as the liver. 
"On the other hand, Schwalbe and Geltowsky could not con- 
firm the above ; and the nature of the action of the Alkaloid upon 
the white blood-corpuscles in the body, must, therefore, be con- 
sidered undetermined. 
"It would seem that Quinia acts also upon other portions of 
the blood than the white corpuscles. Manassein, of Berlin, in 
1872, found that in fever occurring in the lower animals the red 
corpuscles are diminished in size. If in this condition a decided 
dose of an antipyretic, such as Quinia or alcohol, be given, and 
the temperature falls, the globules resume their normal size. 
That the change is due to the fall of temperature, rather than to 
a direct action of the drug, is, I think, demonstrated by the fact 
of its occurrence whenever the fever heat is lowered by the appli- 
cation of external cold. The experiments of Manassein, there- 
fore, do not prove that Quinia exerts any direct action on the red 
corpuscles. The investigations of Binz, however, appear to show 
that the Alkaloid lessens the ozonizing power of the blood; for he 
found that in young cats, to which he had given a very large but CINCHONA. 
295 
not fatal dose of Quinia, the freshly drawn blood affected the 
tincture of guaiac much less than it normally should. 
"When blood is drawn from the body and allowed to stand, 
acid is developed in it. Zunst, who has studied this subject most 
closely, divides the investigation into-study of the production of 
acid in the tissue from the escape of the blood from the vein to 
its coagulation, and study of the slow changes which increase its 
acidity when coagulated until putrefaction has fairly set in. 
Prof. Binz believes that this development of acid is due to oxida- 
tion, and by an elaborate series of experiments has determined 
that Quinia (also Sulphate of Bebeeria and Picrate of Sodium in 
almost as great a degree) inhibits these changes very greatly in 
both their varieties. These experiments are in accord with the 
previous ones of A. Schulte ; and the fact therefore may be con- 
sidered proven. 
"If ozonized oil of turpentine be dropped into an alcoholic so- 
lution of guaiac resin, no alteration of color occurs; but, if a 
drop of blood be added, the blue appears at once; i. e., the blood 
acts as a carrier of ozone from the turpentine to the resin. Prof. 
Binz has found that Quinia, even in so small an amount as one 
part in twenty thousand, has a perceptible influence in prevent- 
ing this. Similarly, when into a dilute watery solution of the Sul- 
phate of Indigo, Carbonate of Sodium is thrown until the reaction 
is decidedly alkaline, and a little blood, and subsequently ten 
drops of ozonized turpentine, are added, a green color begins at 
once to develop, and in a little while passes into the clear yellow 
of isatin. In this case, also, the blood acts as a carrier of ozone ; 
and Binz and his pupil Ransone have found that Quinia also in- 
hibits this action, one part of it added to a thousand of the mix- 
ture delaying the change of color for an hour. In these experi- 
ments, Binz used a large number of different salts of Quinia, and 
found that they acted identically. That the action of the Alka- 
loid was on the blood, not on the indigo and guaiac solutions, 
was shown by the fact, that, when similar solutions without the 
blood were shaken in the air and absorbed ozone, the characteris- 
tic colorations of its action were produced just as readily when 
Quinia was absent as when it was present. Binz also proved that 
the red corpuscles were the portions of the blood affected. On 
adding crystallized hiemoglobin from horses' blood to the guaiac 
solution, he found that it acted as an ozone-bearer between the 
turpentine and the guaiac, and further demonstrated that Quinia 
had the power of preventing this action. It is an exceedingly CINCHONA. 
296 
plausible theory that the lowering of the temperature is clue to a 
checking of the ozonizing power of the blood."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
The Action upon the Circulation.-This has been studied most 
closely by Briquet, "who found that large doses of the Alkaloid 
injected into the stomach, cellular tissue, or veins of dogs, pro- 
duced decided lowering of the arterial pressure. He also found, 
that, when a sufficient amount was thrown into the jugular vein, 
the heart was almost instantly arrested in its beating, and, on 
examination, was found to be relaxed, destitute of contractility, 
and with its left side full of scarlet blood. He also discovered, 
that, if the Quinia was thrown into the exposed heart in such a 
way as to be carried into the coronary arteries, similar phenom- 
ena were induced, even more rapidly. These experiments made 
upon the dog have been confirmed upon the frog by Schlockow 
and by Eulenburg. The first of these observers found, that, after 
the section of the vagi, Quinia induces slowing and enfeeblement 
of the heart's action ; and Eulenburg not only confirmed this, but 
proved that if the frog's heart be immersed in a solution of Qui- 
nine, its contractions become at once slow and irregular, and soon 
cease altogether. The concurrent testimony of this and other ob- 
servers is so clear that it must be considered as established that 
Quinia, in sufficient quantity, causes a diastolic cardiac arrest by 
a direct depression on the heart. (M. Chirone believes that by 
Quinia the heart is arrested in active dilatation. The theory is 
very improbable.) The fall of the blood-pressure which it pro- 
duces would seem, however, not to be due solely to such cause ; for 
Schroff found that in the Quininized animal neither galvanization 
of a sensitive nerve, nor asphyxia, was able to produce vascular 
contraction, and rise of blood-pressure ; and Jerusalimsky asserts 
that in frogs, dilatation of the vessels could be seen. These facts 
seem to demonstrate that toxic doses of Quinia paralyze the vaso- 
motor nervous system. Both Schroff and Jerusalimsky noticed 
that the fall of the arterial pressure produced by Quinia, is pre- 
ceded by a rise of the pressure, accompanied with an increase of 
the cardiac action. The latter, on perhaps not conclusive evi- 
dence, Jerusalimsky believes to be due to paralysis of the inhibi- 
tory cardiac apparatus. The rise of the pressure is probably 
the result of a stimulant action upon the vaso-motor centers; as 
Jerusalimsky found that it was not produced after a division of 
the cord. Many observers agree in asserting that in very large 
doses (thirty or ninety grains) Quinia produces in man lowering 
of the frequency and force of the pulse. The rate of pulsation has CINCHONA. 
297 
been recorded as falling to below forty per minute; and, after 
poisonous doses, the pulse has been imperceptible at the wrist. 
When the pulse becomes very feeble, it may become very rapid ; 
but, of course, this increased rapidity is indicative, not of cardiac 
strength, but of cardiac weakness. I have never, however, been 
able to perceive any depressant action upon the circulation in 
man after ordinary therapeutic doses (three to five grains), and 
have met with no experiments on animals indicative of its occur- 
rence. I believe, therefore, that in tonic doses Quinia produces 
no perceptible sedation of the circulation. Further experimenta- 
tion is required before our knowledge can be considered settled; 
but at present the whole evidence appears to show, that, in man 
and in the lower animals, toxic doses of Quinia diminish the arte- 
rial pressure by acting directly upon the heart and paralyzing the 
vaso-motor centers, while small doses transiently elevate arterial 
pressure by stimulating the vaso-motor centers. Doses of five 
grains in man certainly produce no symptoms of vascular depres- 
sion (but they do produce excitation and elevation of temperature), 
while, after a drachm or more of the Alkaloid, such symptoms 
may be very manifest."-Prof. Wood, Materia Medica. 
"Dr. Cheirone, of Naples, has shown that Quinia increases the 
diastole of the heart. At first, the systole is indirectly increased 
on this account; hence the increased energy of the cardiac con- 
tractions obtained by small doses. With larger doses, the diastole 
altogether predominates, the systole becomes weaker, and the 
heart is finally arrested in diastole. This increase of the diastole 
causes an increased aspiration of blood to the heart; and, after 
arrest, it is found by actual measurement to be much enlarged." 
-Gazette Hebdomadaire, 1875. 
How does Quinine enter the circulation? "This has been espe- 
cially studied by Dr. Kerner. As the gastric juice is very acid, it 
is evident that the Alkaloid will be rapidly dissolved in the 
stomach and be put into the conditions most favorable for»its 
absorption; if, however, it escapes from the stomach into the in- 
testines, it will be liable to be precipitated by the alkaline juices, 
as well as by the bile, whose acids form very insoluble salts with 
it. The presumption is therefore strong, that, when gastric ab- 
sorption fails to take place, at least a portion of the Quinia will 
pass out with the faeces. That this actually does occur, has been 
proven by Kerner and others, who have found the Alkaloid in the 
excrement of persons taking it (a hint that it would be better to 
dissolve Quinia in acid before ingestion). As the blood is alka- 298 
CINCHONA. 
line, it would appear probable that the Quinia salt, so soon as 
entering it, •would be precipitated. That this does not occur, ac- 
cording to the researches of Kerner, is due to the solvent power 
of the gases contained in normal blood. One thousand parts of 
defibrinated blood deprived of its gases, at a temperature of 36° 
C., dissolved in an hour only 0.398 part of pure Quinia. Water 
saturated with carbonic acid gas dissolves the Sulphate of Quinia 
pretty freely. If a neutral solution of a salt of Quinia is added to 
a very dilute solution of carbonate of sodium, no precipitate 
occurs (another good vehicle in which to administer Quinia). It 
would appear, then, that the Quinia is held in solution in the 
blood by reason of the loosely combined carbonic acid gas in that 
fluid."-Dr. H. C. Wood, Materia Medica. 
Temperature.-The power Quinia has to reduce bodily tem- 
perature, is mainly a therapeutic, and not a physiological, effect; 
but small doses of from five to ten grains, do have a physiologico- 
pathological effect, i. e., by elevating the normal temperature 
from one-half to one degree, a fact brought out by experiments of 
my own upon the healthy body. Dr. Ringer says it lowers the 
healthy temperature; but the great center of interest is the 
power that this Alkaloid has in reducing an elevated temperature 
in disease. It is supposed to lower temperature by lessening the 
ozonizing power of the blood and 4iius checking oxidation. 
Dr. C. D. F. Phillips says: "At the present time it is evident 
that scientific opinion is coming to agree with that expressed 
by Binz; namely, that the lowering of bodily temperature is pro- 
duced by means of a general interference of Quinine with the oxi- 
dation processes of the body in almost every part of it." 
Dr. H. C. Wood says: "The drift of our present clinical evi- 
dence seems to indicate that Quinia exerts in febrile disease a 
decided antipyretic action, which is especially manifested during 
those stages of disease in which the natural tendency is toward 
lowering of temperature. In typhus and typhoid fever, scarlatina, 
severe erysipelas, rheumatic hyperexia, etc., after the use of a cold 
bath, twenty grains of the Alkaloid are often very efficacious 
in preventing a rapid return of the excessive fever. If the experi- 
ments spoken of above be correct, this reduction of temperature 
must be due to an action on the tissues, and not on the central 
nervous system. It would seem, however, more probable that 
Quinia acts as an antipyretic by stimulating the inhibitory chem- 
ical center; but decision of this must be reserved for future inves- 
tigations. As an antipyretic, the drug should be used whenever CINCHONA. 
299 
there is serious elevation of temperature, except it be cases of 
simple inflammation of the brain or its membranes. All antipy- 
retic remedies appear to act more strongly on children than on 
adults." 
Fever.-What produces fever? Increased tissue metamor- 
phosis (decomposition) produces heat. Paralysis from dimin- 
ished excitation of the nervous moderators, produces fever heat. 
Claude Bernard says: "Chill is from excitation of the sympa- 
thetic, and heat is from paralysis." This looks reasonable; for 
the nerves of contraction are from the sympathetic, and the 
nerves of dilatation are from the cerebro-spinal roots. 
Fischer says, that "there exists in the cervical part of the 
spinal cord an inhibitory (or regulator) center for temperature, 
excitation of which causes a rise of temperature," and thinks 
that "this center is in the anterior columns of the cervical 
enlargement." 
Of fever, Dr. Smith says: "The chain of diseased organs 
consists of the brain and spinal cord; the heart and arteries, espe- 
cially their capillary extremities; the secreting and excreting 
organs, which in fact are composed essentially of the capillary 
extremities of these arteries, especially as they terminate in the 
external skin, and in the mucous membrane which forms the 
internal skin. There never was a case of fever, in which all these 
organs and functions were not more or less in a disordered state; 
and this complete circle of organs was never in this morbid state 
without fever. A deviation from a healthy state in one or two 
circles will not produce fever; there must be deviation in the 
three circles before fever can exist." 
Every fever remedy must act upon the central nervous sys- 
tem ; for it has full control in the distribution of the blood 
throughout the organism, and upon the temperature of its various 
parts. In our study of Cinchona, we have found that its center 
of action is upon the base of the brain, and the ganglionic 
nervous centers that control the functions of organic life. This 
explains at once to the Homoeopath, why Cinchona and its Alka- 
loid are so useful in fevers ; because it acts specifically upon the 
same organs and tissues that are affected and have control in 
fevers. The poison causing the fever, and the Quinia poison, are 
so constituted that they have an affinity for each other so strong 
that the system, acting upon them, unites them by catalysis, 
forming a neutral substance that has no affinity for the pre- 
viously affected organs and tissues, and, consequently, is easily 300 
CINCHONA. 
thrown off; and the functions of the body soon become normal 
again. 
Every fever to which the human organism is subject, affects 
certain organs and tissues peculiar to itself. For instance, the 
effects of scarlatina differ from those of diphtheria; the specific 
poison that causes small-pox, differs greatly in its effects from 
that causing morbilli. The same with typhoid and malarial fever. 
All cause fever; but each specific agent produces changes in the 
organism peculiar to itself. So it is with our remedies; Cin- 
chona produces changes in the organism, identical with those 
produced by malarial fever; this makes it the great specific for 
intermittents; but it does not produce changes similar to those 
caused by typhoid fever, consequently can not be homoeopathic 
to this disease. 
Dr. E. M. Hale, in w7riting upon malarial miasmatic, or palu- 
dal fevers, says : "As to the exact nature and oxigin of the causes 
of these fevers, the medical world is not unanimous. It is my be- 
lief, however, that such fevers have a cryptogamic origin; that the 
spores of certain cryptogamic plants, invisible to the naked eye, 
are absorbed into the system, probably through the respiratory or 
digestive organs, and are carried into the blood, where they cause, 
by their fermentive (propagative) force, febrile manifestations. I 
believe with Salisbury, Bartlett, and others, that the prodroma 
and febrile paroxysms (chill, fever, sweat) are the efforts of the 
organism to throw off the accumulated poison. I believe that 
Quinine destroys the spores of the fungi in the blood, and is also 
homoeopathic to the symptoms of the fever itself." 
Many physicians believe that Quinia cures ague by destroying 
these microzymes in the blood. This I can not accept; for how 
could the 10th, 30th, 200th, or 1000 dilution act chemically upon 
these microzymes, so as to destroy their life and thereby cure the 
disease ? We know for a positive certainty that these dilutions 
do make brilliant cures, both in the acute and chronic stages of 
this disease. No; paludal malaria, with its varied effects, is 
cured like all other diseases. This malarial poison, I believe, 
consists of telluric exhalations from the earth, is gaseous in form, 
and of an acid reaction; and, when inhaled, is carried by the 
blood to certain organs and tissues, where it produces intermit- 
tent fever, in all of its varied forms. We select remedies that 
have a special action upon those tissues, and the disease is cured, 
probably by catalysis. CINCHONA. 
301 
I believe intermittent fever to be a neurosis, caused by aqua- 
malarial poison, be this poison telluric, cryptogamic, or what not. 
After it enters the circulation, the blood acts simply as a con- 
ductor of the poison to the various nervous centers that it selects 
for a location ; and this location may be the cerebro-spinal system, 
the sympathetic, or both, or a single ganglion. Or it may be the 
blood itself, destroying the white corpuscles, producing hydrae- 
mia, etc. 
My friend Dr. I. S. P. Lord truly says : "There can be but two 
grand divisions of the nervous system,-the animal or cerebro- 
spinal system, and the sympathetic. The nerves from both of 
these systems run side by side to every part of the organism, and 
generally in the same envelope, and yet remain practically sepa- 
rate in fact and in function. The characteristic symptoms of ague 
must be caused by one or the other; and the only question to 
solve is, To which system do the symptoms belong ?" 
The sensation of heat and an elevated temperature belong to 
the sympathetic, and that of cold to the spinal; and this is the 
grand key, not only to give us the pathology of the case, but to 
determine the class of remedies that will cure the disease. 
"Whether the chill or heat appears first, depends mainly on 
which system is most powerfully impressed by the malaria; and, 
if the two sensations alternate, it is because the disorder of one 
system remits for a time while that of the other takes its place or 
is exacerbated. And, if there is heat with chilliness at the same 
time, it only proves that the two are acting concurrently. If the 
sweat comes first, it only indicates that the glandular system is 
first disordered. If there is no chill, it implies that the spine is 
not directly irritated or disordered. If there is no heat, it is good 
evidence that the sympathetic system is not disordered by the 
malaria; and so of all the other conditions. We have only to 
classify our remedies so as to meet these two pathological condi- 
tions, and our therapy is complete. We have only to divide our 
ague medicines into two great classes to correspond to the two 
great physiological divisions, sympathetic and spinal, which, 
pathologically expressed, gives us sympathetic irritants and spinaZ 
irritants; and, going from general to the special, the subdivisions 
into cerebro-sympathetic on the one side, cerebro-spinal, ante- 
rior spinal and posterior spinal, on the other, follow naturally, and 
may be carried still further if necessary."-Dr. I. S. P. Lord. 
This classification is based upon a law of unalterable physi- 
ology and pathology, and needs not special pleading to those phy- 302 
CINCHONA. 
sicians who practice in malarial fields. "It reduces the great and 
most discouraging labor of selecting a remedy almost to zero, 
while nothing is left to accident; " and we do not have to choose 
from the whole Materia Medica. As a rule, we need never go 
outside of twenty-eight remedies. Dr. I. S. P. Lord gives seven- 
teen, and says not more than twelve of these ever cured ague un- 
complicated with disease of the liver, spleen, or lungs. His 
classification is the following for intermittents: 
Spinal Irritants. 
Ignatia, 
Eupatorium, 
Nux vomica, 
Pulsatilla, 
Rhus tox., 
Sabadilla, 
Veratrum album. 
Anterior Spinal. 
Strychnia. 
Eupatorium, 
Posterior Spinal. 
Pulsatilla. 
Cerebro-Spinal. 
Belladonna, 
Bryonia, 
China, 
Gelsemium, 
Nux vomica, 
Phosphorus, 
Quinine, 
Rhus tox. 
Arsenicum, 
Eupatorium, 
Both Spinal ami Sympathetic. 
Natrum mur., 
Pulsatilla. 
Sympathetic Irritants. 
Arsenicum, 
Chamomilla, 
Cimex, 
Cina, 
Colocynth, 
Ipecacuanha, 
Natrum, 
Pulsatilla. 
Cerebro-Syinpathetic. 
Belladonna, 
Bryonia, 
Chamomilla, 
Ipecacuanha. 
Tartar emetic. 
Reflex Sympathetic. 
Chamomilla, 
Cimex, 
Cina. 
Dr. E. M. Hale makes two classes of ague remedies, as fol- 
lows : 
1. Quinia, Gelsemium, Eucalyptus, Nux vomica, Arsenicum, 
and Cedron. 
2. Eupatorium, Cornus, Salicine, Arnica, Natrum muriati- 
cum, Berberina, and Hydrastis. 
Those of the first class have the power of poisoning protozoa, 
infusoria, and cryptogamic fungi. CINCHONA. 
303 
I would make the following classification: 
Cerebro-Spinal. 
Cinchona, 
Cedron, 
Cina, 
Cornus Florida, 
Eucalyptus, 
Gelsemium, 
Natrum salicyl., 
Ostrya Virginica, 
Polyporus, 
Sabadilla, 
Salicine, 
Salicylic acid, 
Sulph. of Quinine. 
Anterior Spinal. 
Cina, 
Gelsemium, 
Nux vomica, 
Santonine, 
• Strychnine, 
Veratrum album. 
Posterior Spinal. 
Camphor, 
Capsicum, 
Eupatorium, 
Gelsemium, 
Pulsatilla. 
Pneumogastric. 
Arsenicum, 
Carbo veg., 
Chelidonium, 
Eupatorium, 
Ipecacuanha, 
Natrum salicyl., 
Phosphorus, 
Sabadilla, 
Tartar emetic, 
Veratrum album. 
Sympathetic. 
Arsenicum, 
Carbo veg., 
Ferrum, 
Nat rum mur., 
Sulphur. 
Of course, many more remedies in the Materia Medica will cure 
certain forms of ague; but, as a rule, it will be loss of precious 
time to go outside of the twenty-eight mentioned above. And, as 
a rule, the more malignant the epidemic, the stronger must be 
the dose. In mild endemics and epidemics, most any one in a 
group will cure, if the organ most affected is the one the group of 
remedies acts mostly upon ; but, in malignant epidemics, the Sul- 
phate of Quinine, in material doses of from one to five grains 
every two hours, between the paroxysms, will have to be the stand- 
ard. And, if the three stages are well marked, no remedy can 
take its place; but, if the three stages are not well defined, Quinia 
will be worse than useless. 
Dose.-The specific and powerful action Quinia has upon the 
white corpuscles of the blood, destroying them at once, teaches 
us that this Alkaloid should never be given in twenty-grain doses, 
without it is in congestive malarial fever, and we only have one 
hour or so before another paroxysm is due. I feel perfectly satis- 
fied, from a large clinical experience, that from one to five grains 
at a dose, given during the apyrexia, commencing as soon as the 
patient begins to perspire, and repeated every two hours, until one 
hour before the expected paroxysm, will be far more successful 
than larger doses, and, at the same time, not injure the blood- 304 
CINCHONA. 
making organs of the patient, as I am certain twenty-grain doses 
do. Of course, the attenuations of Cinchona will cure a large 
majority of those cases, but will fail in some that will be cured 
with the Alkaloid. 
Antiseptic Action.-Quinia is an active poison to the fungi 
of putrefaction and ordinary fermentation. Alcoholic fermen- 
tation is arrested at once by this Alkaloid. Prof. H. C. Wood 
says: "As long ago as 1765, Dr. Pringle called attention to the 
fact that Cinchona bark, in decoction or powder, has the power of 
preventing for a time, putrefaction in flesh; and more recently, 
the subject has been studied by Mayer, Pavisi, Hallier, Herbst, 
Polli, and especially by Binz. The experiments of these authori- 
ties have demonstrated that Quinia, in the proportion of one part 
to three hundred, will preserve for a long time flesh, meal, milk, 
butter, urine, albumen, etc., and will check very markedly alco- 
holic fermentation in honey or in syrup. Prof. Binz has demon- 
strated that this antiseptic action is due to a poisonous influence 
exerted by the Quinia upon the fungi which are the immediate 
cause of the changes. According to his experiments, the larger 
infusoria, such as Paramecia and Colpoda, are killed by a solution 
of Quinia of the strength of one in eight hundred, immediately; 
of one in one thousand, after some minutes; of one in twenty 
thousand, after some hours. Upon the ordinary mold, Penicil- 
lium, upon vibrios and bacteria, as well as upon the higher infuso- 
ria, Quinia acts with a similar fatality. In the case of the vibrios 
and bacteria, a stronger solution than the one mentioned is re- 
quired to quiet movement." 
Dr. Ringer says: "Small quantities of Quinia destroy septic 
germs and arrest putrefaction more thoroughly than most anti- 
septics, including Arsenic and Creosote." 
Fluorescence of Quinia.-The remarkable property belongs 
to Quinia of converting the chemical rays of the spectrum into 
light, or, in other words, of rendering visible the ordinary invisi- 
ble rays of the solar or other spectrum. When a colorless watery 
solution of one of the Quinia salts is examined, "a pale blue line 
upon the surface is very noticeable; and Prof. Stokes has shown 
that a solution of Quinia has the power of entirely stopping cer- 
tain rays of the light, so that, when a beam is transmitted 
through it to light up a second vessel of the solution, this latter 
displays no fluorescence. Dr. H. Bence Jones has found, that, 
when the electric light is used, this test is so delicate that one 
grain of the Alkaloid may be detected in 1,450,000 grains of water. CINCHONA. 
305 
He has also discovered that man and animals are pervaded by a 
substance, which, in its action on light and in many chemical re- 
actions, very closely resembles, if it be not identical with, Quinia. 
Believing this substance to be probably an Alkaloid, he has given 
it the name of Animal Quinoidine." The fluorescence of normal 
blood is said to be from 3 to 6, and that in malarial fevers only 
from 0 to 1|. If this should prove true, it is additional testimony 
to the usefulness of Quinine. The fluorescence of Quinia demands 
further elucidation. 
Spinal Centers and Nerves.-Cinchona, and especially its 
Alkaloid, acts quite prominently upon the anterior spinal cord, as 
shown by the great muscular paralysis. "If as many as thirty 
grains are given daily in divided doses, for several successive 
days, there may be observed very great depression, apathy, and 
somnolence, a very unsteady gait, hardness of hearing, dimness 
of vision, and dilatation of the pupils; the general sensibility is 
very obtuse, the muscular movements are feeble, and the limbs 
tremulous. If, finally, the doses have been excessive, complete 
loss of consciousness may occur, sight and hearing may entirely 
fail, the skin may lose its sensibility, and the limbs their power of 
motion."-Stille. 
"According to the experiments of A. Eulenburg, the drug in 
poisonous doses abolishes all reflex actions before voluntary 
motion; and, according to Dr. T. A. Chaperon, the lessening of 
reflex action is due, not to a direct influence of Quinia upon 
the cord, but to a stimulation of the inhibitory reflex centers 
which Setschenow has proven to exist in the cerebrum of the frog. 
Thus, when the reflex action in a frog poisoned with Quinia had 
almost disappeared, section of the cord was instantly followed by 
the return of normal activity in the parts below the point of divis- 
ion ; again, if the cord were divided before the administration of 
Quinia, no depression of the reflex activity below7 the point of 
section occurred."-Dr. TI. C. Wood, Materia Medica. 
In tetanus, Dr. W. A. Hammond credits Quinia with curing 
seventy-three per cent, showing that it does have a fine curative 
action upon the cord. Its narcotic action produces, through the 
motor nerves, prominent contraction of muscular fiber. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
The system has been debilitated by the loss of vital fluids, es- 
pecially of blood or semen, or by diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, over-lac- 
tation, or copious night sweats. 306 
CINCHONA. 
Symptoms are intermittent, patient worse every other day. 
The least draft of air causes great suffering. 
Paroxysms of pains caused by the slightest contact, and grad- 
ually increasing to a great height. 
Motion brings on intense neuralgia. 
Recent malarial intermittents, with the three stages well 
marked. 
In all diseases calling for this drug, periodicity is the great- 
est feature. 
Head.-Long-lasting congestive headaches, with deafness, or 
noises in the ears. 
"Heaviness of the head, with loss of sight, fainting, and ring- 
ing in the ears."-Hg. 
Intense throbbing headache after excessive hemorrhage. 
Congestive throbbing headache, with singing, roaring, hissing 
noises in the ears, especially if the patient has been debilitated by 
malaria, or loss of vital fluids. 
"Headache, aggravated by a draft of air, in the open air, from 
the slightest contact, and relieved by hard pressure."-Lippe. 
"Sensation as if the head would burst, with sleeplessness at 
night; aggravated from touch, motion, walking. Ameliorated in 
the room, and on opening the eyes."-Lippe. 
Head feels light, with headache and vertigo on walking, with 
nausea and faintness. 
Much vertigo, with headache, accompanied with nausea and 
vomiting; from malaria. 
" Sleeplessness at night; he lies awake nearly all night think- 
ing, restless and uneasy, and miserable the next day."-Hempel. 
"Full of plans and projects, especially at night."-Hempel. 
Great depression of mind, aggravated by noises or anything 
that affects the senses. 
"She thinks she is unfortunate, and constantly harassed by 
enemies."-G. 
Ill humor, with disposition to abuse everybody. 
Apathy, indifference, prefers to be alone. 
"Low spirited, gloomy, has no desire to live."-Hg. 
Exertion of the mind greatly aggravates the head symptoms. 
Scalp sensitive to touch, movement of hair produces much 
pain at the roots, as if the hair were grasped roughly. 
Ears.-Complete deafness, in weak, debilitated people, from 
loss of vital fluids; tinnitis aurium. 307 
CINCHONA. 
Humming, hissing, singing, roaring noises in the ears. 
Hardness of hearing, with ringing noises in the ears, with 
malarial intermittent congestion of the head; nervous deafness, 
from paralysis of the auditory nerve. 
Eyes.-In ophthalmia of malarial origin and intermittent char- 
acter, or from anaemia from loss of blood. In kerato-iritis, the 
pain is excessive, sharp, cutting as if an instrument were being 
moved about in the eye, worse every forenoon ; motion of eye very 
painful. 
"In intermittent ciliary neuralgia, it has proved very beneficial 
when there was painful pressure and drawing in the forehead and 
temples every day at 10 a. m., lasting three hours; every touch 
or motion aggravated the pain."-Raue. 
For neuritis from loss of animal fluids, use Quinine. 
Eyes very sensitive to bright light, with dimness of vision. 
The whites of the eyes are very yellow, in jaundice. 
Nocturnal and intermittent blindness; amblyopia in drunk- 
ards. 
Face.-Pale; yellow; red during fever; hippocratic, or hot 
when entering a warm room; face pinched; eyes sunken. 
Malarial neuralgia, the pain is excited by merely moving the 
affected parts; especially supra-orbital. 
Toothache worse from least contact, tea, in open air, or from 
moving; better from pressing teeth together. 
Mouth.-Thick, dirty, yellow coating on the tongue, with bit- 
ter taste. 
Complete loss of appetite in people suffering from malaria. 
Great longing for acids, with slimy, sour, or bitter taste. 
Canine hunger, especially at night. 
Bitter, flat, watery taste, dryness of the mouth. 
Stomach.-Violent thirst for cold water; drinks but little, but 
wants it often. 
Loss of appetite, with nausea at the thought of food. 
Sour, acid belching, heartburn, milk disagrees. 
Stomach excessively acid, with sour vomiting, and sensitive to 
touch. 
Frequent vomiting of bile in malarial fevers. 
Slow digestion; food remains long in the stomach. 
Haematemesis ; great loss of blood ; weak and very pale. 
Heavy pressure in the stomach, after small quantity of food. 308 
CINCHONA. 
Pulsation in the pit of the stomach; very sensitive to touch. 
Chronic indigestion, with much flatulence. (Of great value.) 
Fullness in the stomach, that belching does not relieve. 
Abdomen.-Enormous distention of the abdomen; feels 
packed full; not relieved by eructations or dejections. 
Abdomen feels full and tight, as if stuffed ; eructations give no 
relief; fermentation in abdomen from eating fruit. 
Stomach and bowels feel sore ; can not bear the slightest touch. 
Tympanitic abdomen, with incarcerated flatulence, and colic, 
especially at night; abdomen excessively tympanitic. 
Diarrhoea of water or undigested food; worse nights. 
Diarrhoea comes on gradually, more and more watery, pale, 
pinkish, with rapid emaciation, and much fermentation in the 
abdomen. 
Watery, windy stools, with great debility, and painless. 
For gall-stones, Dr. Angel thinks it is a specific. 
Colic from gall-stones, with swollen, hard liver. 
"Pain in the hepatic region as from subcutaneous ulceration; 
worse from touch."-Hg. 
Enlarged spleen, with aching pains in that region when walk- 
ing, extending along the whole length of spleen. 
Excessive jaundice, from gall-stones or malaria. No remedy 
can excel Quinine in jaundice when caused by malaria. 
Urine.-Urine dark, scanty, and throws down a copious brick- 
dust sediment (of phosphates). 
"Scanty, greenish-yellow brick-dust sediment."-Hg. 
Turbid, dark-colored urine, with pinkish sediment. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Sexual desire, with lascivious fancies, 
especially at night; impotence. 
"Nocturnal emissions, frequent and debilitating."-Hg. 
Impotence, with lascivious fancies, from long-continued semi- 
nal losses; much sadness and prostration. 
Painful swelling of spermatic cord and testicles ; tearing pains. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early and too profuse, 
with sensation of great distention of the abdomen. 
Metrorrhagia ; blood dark ; fainting; convulsions. 
Much congestion of the uterus ; hemorrhage after miscarriage, 
with faintness from great loss of blood. 
Leucorrhcea instead of the menses, with great debility. CINCHONA. 
309 
"Leucorrhoea before the menses, with painful pressure toward 
the groin and anus; or bloody, fetid leucorrhoea, with contrac- 
tions of the inner parts."-G. 
"She can not bear to be touched during labor-pains, not even 
her hands."-G. 
Intermittent, spasmodic labor-pains; she can not bear to be 
touched. 
"Labor-pains cease from hemorrhage; can not bear the hands 
touched."-Hg. 
"Uterine hemorrhage; ringing in ears; fainting; cold; loss of 
sight; discharge of clots; uterine spasms; twitches; jerks; and 
wants to be fanned."-Hg. 
Lochia last too long; very fetid, with much exhaustion. 
"Ovaritis from sexual excess; parts very sensitive."-Hg. 
Respiratory Organs.-At night, suffocative cough, with 
stitches in the chest; can not breathe with head low. 
Much oppression of the chest, with haemoptysis; breath cold. 
"Wheezing, whistling inspiration; rattling, oppressed, and 
painful. "-Lippe. 
Suffocative catarrh, and paralysis of lungs in old people. 
Asthma worse in damp weather; at night, and from hemor- 
rhage. 
Cough first dry, and then copious, slimy expectoration; worse 
from head low; from motion; least draft, or loss of fluids. 
Extremities.-Trembling of the arms and legs from great 
weakness; from malarial fevers or loss of blood. 
Aching in the limbs; wants to change position constantly. 
Aggravated by the least pressure; spasmodic stretching. 
Great weakness of the legs; can hardly walk. 
Veins of the hands congested ; nails blue ; hands icy cold. 
Over-sensitiveness of the nerves, from loss of fluids. 
Laming, drawing, tearing pains in the back and thighs. 
Great pains in the small of the back, like cramp ; worse from 
the least movement; pressure as from a stone between the scapulge. 
Legs feel very tired, as from a long walk ; knees very weak. 
Great debility; trembling, and averse to all exercise, from 
malaria or loss of animal fluids; general oedema. 
Very sensitive to drafts of air, or pain; very nervous. 
Numbness of the parts on which he lies; joints swollen. 
General anasarca, from malaria or loss of animal fluids. 
Skin.-Jaundice, from malaria. 310 
CINCHONA. 
Much perspiration on the side on which he lies. 
Skin dry, flaccid, and very sensitive; flat ulceration. 
Copious, debilitating night sweats, from malaria. 
No remedy can equal Quinine for malarial night sweats. 
Fever.-Acute malarial intermittents, with the three stages 
sharply marked; chill, fever, and perspiration. The chill may 
be absent, but the fever and perspiration must be present; heat 
increases the chill; not of much value in chronic intermittents. 
Paroxysms come on an hour or two earlier every day, or every 
other day, or at the same time. 
Recent quotidian intermittents; there may or may not be a 
chill, but there must be fever, and it must be followed by sweat, 
and this is profuse and exhausting. Where Cinchona or its Alka- 
loid is indicated in fever, there must be intermissions to the fever; 
head symptoms are prominent; sinking feeling in the epigas- 
trium ; an empty feeling without hunger. 
Jaundice highly marked; often with gastric symptoms. 
Internal violent chill, with icy-cold hands and feet, and intense 
congestion of blood to the head. 
Long-continued heat, with desire to be uncovered. 
Perspiration very profuse and debilitating. 
Very debilitating morning and night sweats. 
Great thirst during the heat, and perspiration. 
"The patient sweats profusely, especially on the back and neck, 
when he sleeps."-Hah. 
Profuse sweating during sleep, is a strong key for Quinia. 
Congestive malarial fevers. Quinia is the only known remedy 
that will save life in those desperate cases where there is pro- 
found coma. Five to ten grains injected under the skin, once in 
three hours, will save the patient when all other methods fail. 
How does Quinia find entrance into the circulation ? 
Dr. Wood says: "As the gastric juice is very acid, it is evi- 
dent that the Alkaloid will be rapidly dissolved in the stomach 
and be put into the conditions most favorable for its absorption. 
If, however, the salt escapes from the stomach into the intestines, 
it will be liable to be precipitated by the alkaline juices, as well as 
by the bile, and a great portion of the Quinia will pass out with 
the faeces. 
"As the blood is alkaline, it would appear probable that the 
Quinia salt would be precipitated. But not so. The blood, 
being highly charged with carbonic acid gas, keeps it in solution." CINNAMOMUM. 
311 
Preparation for Use.-When pills are used, they should be 
soft and fresh; for, when old and hard, they are not dissolved, 
and pass out and are lost. 
It has recently been found that milk is a ready solvent for 
Quinia, in the proportion of one grain to the ounce of milk. Five 
grains in a tumbler of milk is not only dissolved, but its bitter 
principle is also destroyed; and this will be found the best vehi- 
cle to administer the remedy, especially to children, first dissolv- 
ing the Quinia in glycerine, one grain of the Sulphate to the 
drachm. 
Aggravation.-From slightest touch; from draft of air; 
every other day; from cold ; from motion ; after eating or drink- 
ing ; from milk; from mental exertion, at night, and from loss of 
vital fluids. 
Amelioration.-From warmth, during rest; afternoon. 
CINNAMOMUM. 
Cassiae Cortex. 
Habitat: Ceylon, etc. Tincture, according to Class IV. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Cinnamon has one special 
center of action: 
I. Muscular System. (Non-Striated.) Blood-Vessels Stimulated. 
Muscular System of the Intestinal Canal and Uterus.- 
When the oil is swallowed, it excites a sense of warmth in the 
stomach, and causes increased appetite and digestive power, with 
constipation, and much tympanitis of the abdomen, with colic, 
etc. 
In the uterus, many physicians believe that the oil produces 
uterine contractions. Full doses act as a stimulant to the non- 
striated muscles of the vascular system. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
For uterine hemorrhages after delivery or abortion, it is one 
of our most reliable remedies. Dr. P. P. Wells uses a few drops 312 
COCCULUS INDICUS. 
of the tincture in water, and thinks it is better and safer than 
Ergot. 
"Uterine hemorrhage, threatening or following miscarriage, 
especially if from a strain."-F. 
"Menses too early and too profuse, particularly in females 
troubled with itching of the nose and nightly restlessness; pro- 
fuse flow of red blood."-G. 
Dr. Tanner believes it increases labor-pains nearly as much as 
Ergot; and, in menorrhagia depending upon chlorosis or amemia, 
it is superior to all other haemostatics, when administered a few 
days before the menses. 
Much flatulence, with colic. 
"Diarrhoea, always worse after drinking."-G. 
COCCULUS INDICUS. 
Seeds of Anamirta Cocculus. 
Habitat: Asia, etc. Dried fruit. Tincture, according to Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Nux vom., Ignat., lod , Cupr., Cham. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Cocculus has' three special cen- 
ters of action : 
I. Cerebro-Spinal S. (Motor Tract.) Convulsions; Paralysis. 
II. Vagi. Violent Emesis; Syncope. 
III. Ovario-Uterine Organs. Spasms; Hyperesthesia. 
Spinal Cord.-The action of Cocculus is chiefly spent upon 
those portions of the nervous system which control muscular 
movements, which are found in the anterior portion of the 
cranio-spinal axis. Dr. Hughes says: "The testimony of those 
who have experienced its effects, is that it influences the volun- 
tary muscles, rather than the intellectual powers; with this, 
Hahnemann's provings entirely agree. I think that the whole 
range of its curative action becomes intelligible, if we suppose it 
to influence the motor tract of the cranio-spinal axis from the 
corpora striata to the cauda equina. COCCULUS INDICUS. 
313 
"This ultimate effect of Cocculus upon the spinal cord, appears 
to diminish its irritability, so that, while convulsions are pro- 
duced in acute poisoning by the drug, paralytic symptoms 
abound in the continued experiments of the provers." 
Prof. Hempel says, it acts upon the spinal system of nerves, 
causing even paralysis of the motor nerves, and tetanic convul- 
sions. 
Pereira says, it acts rather on the voluntary than on the intel- 
lectual powers. 
Stille says : "The chief symptoms are slight giddiness, a feel- 
ing of lightness in the head, and a partial loss of power in the 
lower limbs, which seem to require unwonted exertions to move 
them. In larger doses, it may produce death; for at least two 
cases of this effect are on record. A sickly, cachectic-looking 
boy, twelve years of age, ate about two scruples of Cocculus with 
cheese. A few minutes afterward he complained of a disagree- 
able taste in the mouth, with burning in the throat and stomach, 
and vomited several times without relief. Three days afterward, 
he presented the following symptoms: Fullness and heaviness 
of the head, dizziness, anxiety, and restlessness; forehead hot, 
and covered with a slimy sweat, the eyes turned outward, etc. 
The remaining symptoms were those of gastritis; and on the 
nineteenth day, the patient died. On inspection of the body, the 
vessels of the pia mater were found filled with dark-colored liquid 
blood; there was serous effusion in the ventricles of the brain, 
and the right lung was congested. In the abdomen, there were 
all the marks of peritonitis in an advanced stage." 
The experiments of Drs. Bonnefin and Brown-Sequard led 
them to several conclusions, of which the most interesting is, that 
Picrotoxine, its active principle, does not appear to excite convul- 
sions directly or by stimulation, but indirectly or by increasing 
the reflex power of the cerebro-spinal axis. 
The following comparative results are given by Tscbudi, both 
substances being given in two-grain doses : 
Causes tonic spasms. 
Kills in three minutes. 
Does not act upon the brain. 
Never causes vomiting. 
Does not act upon the secretion of 
saliva or bile. 
STRYCHNIA 
Tonic and clonic spasms alternat'g 
Kills in one hour and a half. 
Slight narcotic action on the brain. 
Excites frequent vomiting. 
Increases secretion of saliva and 
bile in a very remarkable manner. 
PICROTOXINE. 
Fish, when under the action of Cocculus, are soon seized with 
dizziness, and, after whirling round, remain motionless and float 314 
COCCULUS INDICES. 
upon the surface of the water. They can then be readily captured 
and may be eaten without harm. 
"The main action of Picrotoxine seems to be that of an excit- 
ant to the centers, especially the medulla oblongata. It is ob- 
vious that the motor centers, the vagus centers, and the centers 
of restraint for reflex movements, are powerfully affected. It has 
been experimentally proved that the convulsions can be excited 
in an animal from which the brain has been removed."-C. D. 
F. Phillips, M. D. 
Pneumogastric.-The action of Cocculus upon the vagus 
center, is marked and powerful; as shown by the nausea, vomit- 
ing, great faintness, pain in the head; slow respiration and heart 
action; congestion of the lungs; excess of mucus in the mouth, 
throat, trachea, and bronchi. The venae cavae and right heart 
are very full of dark blood. The violent contractions of the 
stomach are so severe as to arrest breathing for a while. 
Ovario-Uterine Organs.-This remedy produces paroxysmal 
spasmodic pains in the hypogastric region, of a twisting, colicky, 
bearing-down nature, accompanied by complete prostration of 
animal life, expressed by the words languor, lassitude, inertness or 
general prostration of the whole muscular system. 
Temperature.-In Dr. Glover's experiments on fishes, the 
animal temperature was greatly elevated. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Excessive prostration of the animal nervous system; the pa- 
tient is too weak to even talk aloud. 
Especially suited to women and nervous children, of lively 
turn of mind, troubled with imaginary fears. Dr. Hughes says: 
"It is adapted to hysterical and spasmodic diseases that have 
their origin in the motor tract of the cranio-spinal axis, from the 
corpora striata to the cauda equina." 
"Cocculus will be found curative in certain forms of sneaking, 
insidious nervous fevers; in so-called abdominal cramps, and 
so-called spasmodic pains of other parts of the body, etc., if 
not in a few cases of paralysis of the extremities, and in mental 
affections. "-Hah. 
"Its sphere of action is pre-eminently the system of animal life. 
The voluntary muscular system first, and then the sensorium, are 
the primary seats of action. Nausea extending to the point of 
vomiting, and accompanied by faintness and by severe vertigo COCCL'LUS INDICUS. 
315 
when lifting the head, is a characteristic symptom. The nausea 
is felt from the epigastrium to the throat, accompanied by a sen- 
sation of constriction around the waist; is aggravated by eating, 
drinking, by motion, by mental exertion and in the open air, with 
bitter, metallic taste, and complete loss of appetite."-D. 
"Great intolerance of fresh air; in fact, all the functions of ani- 
mal life seem to be more or less torpid, and intolerant to any 
stimulus. There is constant disposition to sleep; is restless; fre- 
quent waking, so that in the morning one is still sleepy."-D. 
Head.-"Vertigo like drunkenness. It takes place in bed when 
sitting up, is of a whirling nature, and accompanied by nausea, 
which compels the resumption of the recumbent position, resemb- 
ling Bryonia vertigo."-D. 
Patient seems sunk in deep, sad thought, aggravated by any 
mental effort. 
"Vertigo increased by sitting up in bed, or by the motion of a 
carriage."-Marcy and Hunt. 
"Violent headache; unable to lie on the back of the head; is 
forced to lie on the side; unable to bear least light; noise excites 
vomiting. "-Hughes. 
"Head and face hot,feet cold."-G. 
"Painful concussion of the brain when walking, when moving 
the head, or when talking."-Jahr. 
"Pressing headache from without inward, or as if compressed 
with a bandage, or as if screwed together."-Hg. 
"Headache in occiput and nape, pain as if opening and shut- 
ting like a door."-Jig. 
"One of the best palliatives for the cerebral form of sick-head- 
ache, where the vomiting is secondary."-Hughes. 
"Boaring in the ears as though there were shells before 
them."-G. 
"Convulsive trembling of the head from weakness of the mus- 
cles of the neck; worse in the open air and after sleeping; from 
coffee and tobacco ; better in warm room."-Hg. 
"The symptoms of the head are all aggravated by talking, 
laughing, crying, walking, smoking, or drinking coffee."-Dr. J. S. 
Douglas. 
Digestive Organs.-Bitter taste, with yellow-coated tongue, 
or sour, putrid taste. 
"Burning in the oesophagus, extending into the fauces, with a 
taste of sulphur."-(7. 316 
CCJCCULUS INDICUS. 
"Choking constriction of the fauces, with difficulty in breath- 
ing, and irritable cough."-G. 
Extreme aversion to acids, and disgust for beer and food. 
All symptoms aggravated by eating or drinking. 
Nausea even to faintness, with excessive prostration. 
"Great nausea is a characteristic symptom of Cocculus. It is 
provoked by eating, drinking, motion, change of posture, by 
becoming cold. It occurs in connection with headache and pain 
in the bowels."-D. 
Sea-sickness from cerebral irritation. 
"Violent nausea during a ride in a carriage."-Hg. 
"Nausea resembling sea-sickness, as if the stomach heaved up 
and down; often brought on by looking at a vessel pitching up." 
-Hr/. 
Nausea, and when sitting up, the objects around seem to move 
up and down. 
Violent contractive pain in the stomach, with acidity. 
"Abdomen distended and feeling as if full of sharp sticks or 
stones when moving."-G. [Spasmodic flatulent colic.] 
Flatulent colic at midnight, with sour stomach. 
"Hard stool every other day, expelled with difficulty."-G. 
Constipation from paralysis of the rectum and bowels. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Seminal emission at night,with great 
prostration. 
Neuralgia of the testicles and spermatic cord. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Profuse menses, with sensation 
of sharp stones in the abdomen on motion."-G. 
Severe spasmodic pains in the neck of the uterus, accom- 
panied with excessive prostration. (One of the best remedies.) 
"During the effort to menstruate, she is so weak that she is 
scarcely able to stand."-Hg. [Exhausting leucorrhoea.j 
"Labor-pains are of a spasmodic, irregular, paralytic charac- 
ter; has one hard pain, then several light ones."-G. 
Spasms of pregnant women, with great weakness; so much so 
that she can hardly talk, with much flatulency. 
"The condition of the nervous system set up by menstruation 
and pregnancy, appears especially favorable to the action of 
Cocculus."-Hughes. 
Dysmenorrhoea followed by haemorrhoids, or sero-purulent 
leucorrhoea. COCCULUS INDICUS. 
317 
Terrible pain in the small of the back, with hour-glass con- 
traction of the uterus. 
Chest.-"Irritation and dryness of larynx, dry cough."-G. 
"Dry, fatiguing cough, owing to the dyspnoea that accompanies 
it."-Teste. 
"Palpitation of the heart, from mental excitement, with dizzi- 
ness and faintness, in hysterical subjects. 
" Spasmodic constriction through the whole length of the spine, 
especially on motion."-D. 
Extremities.-Paralytic pain in the hips, legs, arms; the 
arms go to sleep. 
Paralysis of the limbs is a prominent symptom. 
"Especially adapted to inflammation of the lumbar portion of 
the cord; less to such portions as are near the brain."-Baehr. 
Great lassitude on the least exertion; syncope often follows 
bodily exertion; knees give way; hands and feet go to sleep. 
Nervous affections, with paralytic symptoms. 
Fever heat alternates with chilliness. 
Locally.-The ointment has long been used for the destruc- 
tion of pediculi on the hairy portions of the body. 
Aggravation.-By motion on a boat or in a carriage; exer- 
tion, eating, drinking, talking, smoking, and by cold air. 
Amelioration.-Warm air after sweat; and at night. 318 
COFFEA CRUDA. 
COFFEA CRUDA. 
Arabian Coffee. 
Habitat: Arabia, etc. Tincture of the best dried unroasted Coffee, according to Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Aeon., Nux vom., Ignat., Cham., Puls., Op.. Bell. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Coffee has seven spe- 
cial centers of action: 
I. Cerebrum Mentality Stimulated; Obstinate Insomnia. 
II. Cord. (Posterior Columns.) Sensory Nerve Filaments Paral. 
III. Circ. Vaso-motor Stimulation; Incrd Blood-Pressure. 
IV. Kidneys. Incrd Arter'l Bl'd-Prcs. Diuretic. Urea Dim'd. 
V. Sexual Organs. Great Excitement; Paresis. 
VI. Digestive Organs. Stimulated, Prostrated. 
VII. Vagi. Respiratory Center Powerfully Stimulated. 
Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.-Caffeine is a special excit- 
ant to the nervous and vascular system of the brain. 
The sensorium is more vivid ; the hearing more sensitive ; the 
visual power becomes more acute; the taste is finer; sleepless- 
ness is excited in various shades and degrees. 
This peculiar pathological excitation of the mind and soul goes 
on until we have vertigo so great that they can not stand; pains 
in the head ; confusion of the senses ; singing in the ears ; scintil- 
lations before the eyes ; sleeplessness ; wild delirium ; excited men- 
tality finally passes into deep sleep. Wood says : "Twelve grains 
of Caffeine were taken by Dr. Pratt; and in about two hours, intense 
physical restlessness and a very uneasy condition of the mind 
were developed; very marked general muscular tremulousness 
soon followed, and the mental anxiety increased. After this 
passed off, there was obstinate sleeplessness, active and persist- 
ent thinking, with frequent urination. The increase of brain- 
power which has been noticed by various observers after Caffeine 
as well as after Coffee, Tea, Guarana and all the allied crude drugs, 
is undoubtedly real, and must be due to a direct stimulant action 
exerted upon the cerebrum. It appears to me that the cere- COFFEA CRUDA. 
319 
bral stimulation of Caffeine differs from that of Opium in that it 
affects the reasoning faculties at least as profoundly as it does 
the imagination. Coffee prepares for active work, both mental 
and physical ; Opium rather for the dreams and reveries 
of the poet." In the cat, Caffeine produces a condition of frantic 
cerebral excitement. Dr. Bennett found that the minimum 
fatal dose for the cat and rabbit was a little over a grain to the 
pound, five and a half grains being required for a five-pound 
animal. 
Spinal Cord.-Caffeine and Coffea have a decided action upon 
the functions of the cord, first greatly increasing the reflex func- 
tions, and finally greatly diminishing its action. Dr. Bennett 
says that Caffeine paralyzes the posterior columns of the cord 
without affecting the anterior columns. He grounds his belief 
chiefly on finding, that, in poisoned frogs and rabbits, galvaniza- 
tion of the posterior columns of the exposed cord produced either 
no muscular contractions, or only such as were very much more 
feeble than those provoked by galvanization of the anterior col- 
umns. It seems to be about settled that Caffeine paralyzes the 
terminations of the sensory nerve filaments, through its action 
upon the posterior columns of the spinal cord. 
Wood says: "It seems to me established by the whole evi- 
dence, that, in the frog, Caffeine produces true nervous convul- 
sions and muscular rigidity. The convulsions are probably 
spinal; since Pratt found that destruction of the spine prevented 
their development, but that removal of the cerebrum had no 
effecK The rigidity is the result of a direct action of the Caffeine 
upon the muscles; since, as Johannsen first pointed out, it 
spreads from muscle to muscle, as the hypodermically injected 
poison diffuses itself, and is never developed in a leg whose mus- 
cles are protected by tying the artery. Moreover, in Voit's 
experiments, the rigidity was developed as usual after the nerve 
had been severed. In mammals, toxaemic doses produce restless- 
ness, hurried respiration, at first a slight lowering, and afterward 
a decided elevation, of the temperature, muscular weakness, 
tetanic and clonic convulsions, increasing general paresis, and 
finally death, apparently from paralytic arrest of respiration. 
There is still a good deal of uncertainty as to the nature of the 
convulsionsbut Amory, in some not very conclusive experi- 
ments, found that they did not occur below the point at which he 
had divided the cord. If this result be correct, the convulsions 
must be cerebral ;but confirmation is lacking. Forced artificial 
respiration in great measure suspends the convulsions." 320 
COFFEA CRUDA. 
According to Aubert, "Caffeine, injected in sufficient quanti- 
ties into rabbits, rats, cats, and dogs, always exalts reflex excita- 
bility and produces tetanus. The latter originates in the spinal 
cord, the nerve-trunks remaining intact. It causes rigidity of the 
extremities, dependent upon a direct action upon the muscular 
tissues." 
Caffeine seems to have but little effect upon the motor nerves, 
but has a specific action upon the muscular system. 
Muscular System.-Johannsen states, "that, when a muscle 
under the microscope is touched with Caffeine, its fibers can 
be seen to contract half their length." Wood says: "When the 
isolated muscle of a frog is thrown into a one-per-cent, or even 
weaker, solution of Caffeine, it becomes, in from one to three min- 
utes, contracted, swollen, round, stiff, and unable to respond 
to the galvanic current. It has been proven that rigor mortis is 
due to a coagulation of the myosin of muscle ; and it is probable, 
but not proven, that the change wrought by Caffeine is of such a 
nature." Dr. T. W. Poole thinks it is due to the inherent con- 
tractile power of the muscle itself, and not to the myosin. Dr. 
Brunton says: "Muscle, in dying, on entering into rigor mortis, 
becomes distinctly acid." But I am inclined to think that it is the 
acid reaction that produces the rigor mortis. 
Circulation.-The vascular orgasm and greatly excited cir- 
culation produced by this remedy, we believe to be from its 
special action upon the vaso-motor nerves contained in the arter- 
ies, but which have their origin in the cranio-spinal axis. Dr. H. 
C. Wood says: "Caffeine undoubtedly exerts an influence upon 
the heart; although this viscus in animals poisoned by the drug 
continues to beat after the cessation of respiration. According 
to Voit, in the frog the rapidity of the cardiac pulsation is at first 
increased; but the pulsations soon become slower, and are 
accompanied by irregularity of rhythm; the heart finally ceasing 
to act, but still responding to stimuli, at a time when the volun- 
tary muscles are absolutely dead. Upon the heart of the mam- 
mal, the poison probably acts precisely as it does upon that of 
the frog. In the first stages of the toxaemia, the pulse-rate is 
very greatly increased, as, according to Leven, is also the arterial 
pressure. The action of the poison is probably upon the cardiac 
muscle, or its contained ganglia; for Johannsen found that the 
cut-out heart of the frog, when placed in a solution of Caffeine, 
acted very much as the viscus does in the poisoned batrachian. COFFEA CRUDA. 
321 
Moreover, Leven divided the pneumogastrics and the sympa- 
thetics, and, as he asserts, isolated the heart from the spinal 
cord, and, on administering Caffeine, found that both the arterial 
pressure and the rate of the cardiac pulsations were increased. 
[This would seem to prove that my theory, that Caffeine acts on 
the vaso-motor nerve filaments contained in the arteries, is true. 
Of course, it also acts upon the cerebro-spinal nerves.] 
"On man, toxic doses of Caffeine would probably act as they 
do upon the lower animals, the cerebral excitement being more 
prominent in the same proportion as the human brain is more 
developed than the animal cerebrum." Prof. Hempel says: "It 
excites the circulation, stinging and smarting on the skin; 
increased frequency, although proportionate diminution in the 
volume, of the pulse; a sort of vascular orgasm, flashes of heat, 
and transitory flushes in the face." According to Lehman, it 
"causes violent excitement of the vascular and nervous systems, 
palpitation of heart; extraordinary frequency, irregularity, and 
often intermission of the pulse ; oppression of the chest, pains in 
the head, confusion of the senses, singing in the ears, scintilla- 
tions before the eyes, sleeplessness, erections, and delirium." 
The cardiac condition induced by Caffeine, Phillips says, is one of 
irritability, in which the slightest excitement is sufficient to bring 
on violent palpitations. 
Dr. Fothergill finds that Caffeine strengthens the contractions 
of frogs' hearts ; and M. Jaccoud believes that it acts on the heart 
and blood-vessels like Digitalis, strengthening the heart and 
increasing arterial pressure. 
Kidneys.-Caffeine is a marked diuretic, from its great power 
to increase the renal arterial blood-pressure. Prof. Gubler 
claims that Caffeine has great diuretic properties when used 
hypodermically in cardiac dropsy. "Citrate of Caffeine has been 
found to possess great value as a diuretic and cardiac stimulant 
in cases of cardiac dropsy, where dilated, feeble, and irregularly 
progressive physical decay is the main clinical and pathological 
element to be contended against. In doses of two or three grains, 
it produces abundant and instantaneous diuresis."-Homoeopathic 
Times. 
Caffeine checks and lessens the elimination of nitrogen by 
diminishing the amount of urea excreted, and, in this way, is 
of great service to man in preventing the tissue metamorphosis, 
or actual wear and tear, of daily life. "Dr. Lehmann found that 
the exhibition of six grains of Caffeine daily, the regulated diet 322 
COFFEA CRUDA. 
being uniform, diminished the elimination of urea from twelve to 
twenty per cent. Upon experimenting with the empyreumatic 
oil of Coffee, he found that it lessened, even to a proportionately 
greater extent, the elimination of urea, and also acted powerfully 
in producing sleeplessness; so that the favorite beverage is by no 
means dependent upon its Caffeine for all its activity."-Wood. 
Sexual Organs.-Upon the sexual organs of both sexes it 
excites at first most powerfully the sexual instinct, producing 
sexual dreams and nocturnal emissions, followed by great pros- 
tration of the whole nervous system, with its long train of symp- 
toms. 
Digestive Organs.-Coffee at first greatly excites the diges- 
tive secretions, with increased hunger, etc.; 'but, if taken in 
too large quantities, or by sensitive individuals, it is followed 
by obstinate dyspepsia, pyrosis, vomiting, gastralgia, etc. 
Respiratory Organs.-Coffee causes spasmodic constrictions 
of the lungs and larynx, with dry, hacking cough, and in some 
cases asthma. "Dr. Boker drank a cup of Coffee containing the 
strength of one ounce of the best Java. Half an hour after he was 
attacked with asthma, dyspnoea, trembling in all his limbs, exces- 
sive rush of blood to the head, with vertigo. He walked about in 
the open air; but his knees shook, he turned pale as a corpse, 
and lapsed into a sort of fainting state, without, however, losing 
his senses ; the distress of breath kept increasing, and only disap- 
peared in a couple of hours, after he had been obliged to breathe 
more and more deeply and slowly. He lost his appetite, and 
remained costive for three days." Caffeine is a powerful res- 
piratory stimulant. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
The pains are insupportable; feels them most intensely; can 
not bear to be touched, the parts are so sensitive. 
"Great sensitiveness, with general excitability."- G. 
"Ecstasy; full of ideas; quick to act, and no sleep on that 
account."-G. 
"The physical system seems exalted and almost transported 
by the mental exaltation."-G. 
"She is in a complete state of ecstasy."-G. 
Extreme wakefulness, and restlessness. 323 
COFFEA CRUDA. 
"All the senses are rendered more acute; reads fine print 
easily; hearing, smell, taste, and touch acute; particularly an 
increased perception of slight passive motion."-Hg. 
"Affections after sudden emotions, particularly pleasant sur- 
prises."-Hg. 
Adapted to neurotic diseases in people with a nervous or san- 
guine temperament; especially if the disease has been brought on 
by excessive joy. 
"Child cries easily; while crying, it suddenly laughs quite 
heartily, and finally cries again."-G. 
Head.-"Headache as if a nail were driven into the brain, or 
as if the brain were torn or dashed to pieces."-G. 
"Headache as if a nail were driven into the brain; worse 
in the open air."-Hah. 
"Headache as if the head would fly to pieces; aggravated 
by noise and light."-G. 
"Head feels too small. (Opposite to Nux vomica.)"-F. 
"Congestion of blood to the head; especially after pleasant 
surprise."-Hg. 
"Threatening apoplexy; over-excited, talkative; full of fear; 
pangs of conscience ; aversion to open air; sleepless; convulsive 
grinding of the teeth."-Hg. 
"Cracking noise in the head (one side), synchronous with 
the pulse; particularly morning and in the open air; better 
indoors."-Hg. 
Flushing of the face at the climacteric. 
Mental and nervous excitability, timidity, and fear of sudden 
death ; great lassitude, and debility. 
Hemicrania, or Migraine.-I wish to say one word about the 
paroxysmal headache that afflicts so many people, especially 
women, now that we understand its pathology. According to 
Moellendorf, it is due to a lack of energy in the vaso-motor nerves 
of one of the carotids, with secondary relaxation of the vessel and 
arterial fluxion to the brain. This temporary hypersemia and 
anaemia of one-half of the head, irritates the nerves of the scalp, 
pericranium, and cranial meninges, and causes nausea and vom- 
iting. This again shows us that Coffee acts upon the vaso-motor 
nerves, producing and curing this periodical disease. 
Hemicrania as if a nail were driven into the parietal bone, is 
very characteristic of Coffea. 
Neuralgia.-"Neuralgia of right side of head and face, and 
right eyeball, at 1 p. m. (12th dilution)."-IF. Bayes, M. D. 324 
COFFEA CRUDA. 
Dr. Bayes cured with the 12th a neuralgia similar to the 
foregoing, accompanied with spasms of the sphincter ani. 
"Toothache, jerking, with anguish; restless; aggravated by 
warmth, and relieved by holding cold water in the mouth."- 
Hale. 
Digestive Organs.-Acute taste. 
"Dryness of the mouth at night."-Teste. 
"Burning, sour eructations."-Teste. 
"Violent spasmodic eructations, with rising of the ingesta."- 
Teste. 
"Tension of the epigastric region, with sensitiveness to touch." 
-Teste. 
"Colic so painful as to drive the patient mad."-Teste. 
"Colic as if the abdomen would burst; can not suffer the clothes 
to even touch the abdomen. 
"Constant alternations of constipation and diarrhoea."-Teste. 
"Spasmodic contraction of the sphincter, with burning and 
itching in the anus" (Teste), with watery diarrhoea. 
Urinary Organs.-Profuse flow of watery, nervous urine. In 
sympathetic and hysterical affections. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Voluptuous thoughts, and dreams 
with nocturnal emissions; followed by languor, and great irrita- 
bility of temper; impotence. 
Excessive excitability of the sexual desire. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Great sensitiveness of the female 
genital organs; can not bear to have them touched, they are so 
sensitive. 
"Genital organs itch voluptuously and are very sensitive."-G. 
"Excessive sensitiveness about the vulva, with voluptuous 
itching; would like to rub or scratch the parts, but they are too 
sensitive."-G. 
"Aversion to sexual intercourse in women, it is so painful."- 
Teste. 
"Profuse menstruation, with excessive sensitiveness of the 
organs, and voluptuous itching."-G. 
Leucorrhoea of mucus mixed with blood. 
"Labor-pains insupportable to her feelings; she feels them 
intensely; weeps and laments fearfully."-G. 
Puerperal fever from mental excitement. GOFFEA CRUDA. 
325 
Air-Passages.-Continual inclination to cough, of a dry, 
spasmodic nature, with rawness of the throat. 
Dry, hacking cough like whooping-cough, with this difference, 
that the spasms are principally experienced during the inspi- 
rations, not during the expirations. 
Constriction of the chest; asthma at night. 
In spasmodic asthma a cup of hot coffee will often arrest 
the paroxysm at once. 
Palpitation of the heart, with great nervous excitability. 
Fainting from sudden emotions. 
Generalities.-"Tearing pains in the flesh and cellular tissue, 
rather than in the bones, in the parts between the articulations 
themselves. "- Teste. 
"Trembling of the hands, with heat in the palms and coldness 
of the back of the hands."-Teste. 
"Measly spots on the skin, with dry heat at night, over-excit- 
ability and weeping."-Hg. 
"The free use of strong Coffee is a specific for gout and rheu- 
matism where there is a disposition to the formation of chalk- 
stones in the joints."-Dr. H. Hamilton. 
"Convulsions of teething children, with grinding of teeth; cold 
limbs, and great excitement."-Hg. 
Great sensitiveness to cold; chill predominating. 
In delirium tremens, hypodermic injections of one grain 
of Caffeine have cured chronic insomnia from alcoholism. 
In cardiac dropsy, a hypodermic injection of two grains of 
Caffeine acts with great rapidity as a diuretic. 
Aggravation.-From excessive joy; noise; strong smells; 
open cold air; and from narcotic medicines. 
Amelioration.-From warmth; during rest; evening until 
midnight. 326 
COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE. 
COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE. 
Habitat: Europe, etc. Tincture of the fresh bulb, Class I. 
Antidotes.-Vinegar, Honey, Nux vom., Puls., Cocc., Amm., Caust., Camph. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Colchicum has six spe- 
cial centers of action: 
I. Gastro-Intes. C. Viol't Emesis and Catharsis; Inflammat'n. 
II. Kidneys. Congestion; Inflammation; Phosphates Increased. 
III. Liver. Congestion; Increased Biliary Secretion. 
IV. Fibrous Tissue and Ser. Membs. Rheumatoid Inflammat'n. 
V. Skin. Diaphoresis; Hyperesthesia. 
VI. Spinal Cord. Hyperesthesia; Convulsions; Paresis. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-This is the grand center for the 
action of Colchicum ; and but few remedies equal it in action upon 
the secretory organs of the gastro-intestinal tract. Stille says: 
"When small doses of Colchicum have been used for several days 
in succession, heat is felt at the epigastrium, with eructations and 
perhaps nausea. If continued, the appetite fails, the tongue be- 
comes coated, there is some colic, with borborygmi and diarrhoea. 
Still larger doses excite vomiting and purging. When one to four 
drachms of the tincture were given in the course of twenty-four 
hours, its most uniform effects were nausea, vomiting, borbo- 
rygmi, colic, and diarrhoea. The vomited matters were usually 
bilious; the tormina and tenesmus were sometimes severe and 
incessant, with heat and smarting of tbe anus, and dysenteric 
stools. That is to say, the stools, after being colored with bile, 
became serous and contained white specks, yellowish and bloody 
mucus, a solid, reddish substance (fibrine), and sometimes blood. 
In fact, they had the character of dysenteric stools. It was also 
found that effects of this sort were more common when the inter- 
vals between the doses were short. It is singular, that, in spite 
of these severe symptoms and the nature of the discharges, which 
seemed to indicate intestinal inflammation, there was still no ten- 
derness of the abdomen under pressure, and the evacuations 
Meadow Saffron. COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE. 
327 
ceased soon after the suspension of the medicine. It may be that 
Colchicum tends rather to produce an exaggerated activity of the 
vascular and secretory elements of the bowels, than to operate as 
a direct and local irritant. In this connection, it should be borne 
in mind that the action upon the bowels is manifested even when 
the medicine is introduced by the veins." 
Schroff took one-hundredth of a grain of Colchicia. "It pro- 
duced eructations, nausea, and salivation. In two hours the pulse 
fell eleven pulsations. Eight hours afterward, two one-hundredths 
of a grain were taken in water. At the end of six hours, while in 
bed and asleep, he was awakened with a desire to go to stool, and 
on rising, vomited for two minutes, and had a soft and copious 
stool, with violent griping. These symptoms returned some hours 
afterward, and the stools were mucus, and of a greenish-yellow 
color. They did not immediately occur; but there was complete 
anorexia for several days, during which the stools were thin, floc- 
culent, and albuminous, accompanied with griping, and tender- 
ness of the abdomen, with thirst, fever, accelerated pulse, cere- 
bral distress, agitation, and want of sleep. The urine was thick 
and gave a copious white deposit." 
In poisonous doses, Colchicum gives rise to symptoms of a very 
violent description, which are apt to terminate in death. The 
following is an analysis of ten cases, produced by the tincture, 
seeds, infusion of the bulb and leaves, in quantities of from one to 
two ounces, the patients, all but two, being adults: "Pain in the 
abdomen is described in about half the cases, but not as very se- 
vere in more than two. Its character was usually griping; it was 
generally one of the first symptoms to appear, and occurred at 
various intervals from half an hour to one hour after the poison 
had been taken. Sometimes it was spasmodic, and was accom- 
panied with cramps of the abdominal muscles. The epigastrium 
is said to have been slightly tender upon pressure in one case, and 
in two is expressly stated to have been indolent. In the rest, this 
symptom is not mentioned, and must, therefore, be supposed to 
have been slight. Vomiting was a prominent symptom in every 
case; it occurred among the earliest symptoms and was the most 
persistent of them all. The fluid thrown up consisted of bile and 
mucus, sometimes tinged with blood; in one case a substance 
like coffee-grounds was rejected. Retching alternated with actual 
vomiting. In only two cases is the thirst said to have been great. 
Diarrhoea occurred in every case; the stools were generally fre- 
quent, liquid, greenish, or black and fetid, or containing shreds 
and flakes as of coagulated mucus; tenesmus occurred in one or 328 
COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE. 
two cases, and in one, at least, the discharges became involun- 
tary. The other symptoms furnished by the digestive organs 
were subordinate and not uniform. Thirst was by no means ur- 
gent, except in one case, in which there was burning of the mouth, 
and difficulty of swallowing. In another case, the taste was nor- 
mal, and the tongue blue and cold. The quantity of urine was 
generally unaffected. In only two cases diuresis is mentioned, 
and in two suppression of urine."-Stille. 
On animals, the action of Colchicum is very similar to that 
upon man. Stille says, that, when eaten by cows in their fod- 
der, it produces "bloody flux and death, with inflammation of the 
bowels. Haden mentions it purging a horse violently. Given to 
dogs by Storck, it caused vomiting, trembling of the limbs, con- 
vulsive movements of the belly, howling, diuresis, bloody stools, 
prolapse of the rectum, and death. The effect on six cows that had 
eaten the Colchicum plant was as follows: Loss of appetite, and 
thirst; chewing the cud was suspended; diarrhoea of a thin, whitish 
liquid took place; the anus gaped; frequent, feeble pulse; running 
at eyes and nose; dullness of the senses; distention of the belly, 
and scanty urine; the hair stood erect and rough, and there was 
tenderness on pressure over the maw. One of the cows and 
calf died; the lining membrane of the intestine was found in- 
jected and red, and the blood dark and liquid." 
One of the most prominent symptoms of its action upon cows 
is that the abdomen becomes enormously distended with gas, and 
the animals sink into a half-stupid state. 
Pathological Changes.-In animals, the mucous membrane of 
the intestines is everywhere injected, especially the jejunum and 
ileum are violently inflamed, and the bowels lined with mucus 
and filled with bloody serum. In some dogs, the whole mucous 
membrane, from the stomach to the anus, was violently inflamed. 
In man, the chief changes are in the intestinal canal; the 
mucous membrane is much swollen, intensely congested, some- 
times ecchymotic, or with blood free in the intestines ; the stom- 
ach is not quite so much inflamed as the intestines. The heart 
and arteries are filled with black, tarry blood. 
Urinary Organs.-Dr. Hammond found that the organic and 
inorganic solids were remarkably increased by Colchicum. In 
doses of one to two grains of Colchicine, given to dogs, "it caused 
gastro-intestinal inflammation, with frequent and ineffectual at- 
tempts to urinate, and the animals died in from eight to eleven 
hours. Besides marks of intense inflammation of the mucous. COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE. 
329 
membrane in the stomach and intestines, the Malpighian bodies 
of the kidneys were very red and highly congested. Black, 
pitchy blood was found in the heart, the veins, and aorta and 
other arteries. 
"Chelius found that during its use the proportion of uric acid 
in the secretion was nearly doubled. Dr. Christison found simi- 
lar results in the proportion of urea and urate of ammonia, rais- 
ing the specific gravity of the liquid to 1.034. These results are 
not uniform, since both Graves and Gardiner found the urates to 
diminish under the use of the medicine. Perhaps these opposite 
results may be reconciled by those of Bocker, who concluded from 
some experiments, that Colchicum acts but little on the amount 
of the urinary secretion, and that, when its solid elements decline 
under the use of the medicine, it is because those of the intestinal 
evacuations are increased. This accords with the results of 
Krahmer and Bird, but disagrees with those of Dr. Hammond's 
experiments upon a healthy person, in whom Colchicum pro- 
duced an increased elimination of water as well as of solid mat- 
ter, both organic and inorganic. Schroff found no increase either 
of the urine or of the elimination of the uric acid; and it is very 
certain that in poisonous doses it diminishes, and may entirely 
suppress, the secretion of urine, by its irritant action, probably, 
upon the kidneys. Thus Storck, having taken an excessive dose 
of Colchicum, suffered greatly from strangury, accompanied with 
scanty and scalding urine. In cases, too, of poisoning by Col- 
chicum, the secretion of urine is often diminished; partly, it is 
true, in consequence of copious alvine evacuations, as well as on 
account of renal congestion."-Stille. 
Liver.-In dogs, Colchicum greatly increases the biliary secre- 
tion ; which increases its cathartic action. 
Cerebro-Spinal System (Especially Spinal).-"As shown 
by the elaborate experiments of Rossbach, the motor nerves and 
striated muscles are not affected; but the higher nerve centers, 
the spinal cord, and the peripheral sensory nerves suffer palsy. 
The same observer found that the circulation was very little 
influenced, that the pneumogastrics were not affected until near 
death ; that the splanchnic and intestinal vagi escaped altogether. 
In no case do reflex spinal convulsions occur at any time. 
Nervous symptoms have been prominent in some of the severe 
cases. In one instance, it is said, a feeling of numbness or prick- 
ling was complained of by the patient; but this seems to be not 330 
COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE, 
common. Spasms are very frequent, and sometimes convulsions, 
which may be fatal; muscular pains are not rarely experienced, 
in some cases replacing the spasms; and probably in all other 
cases coincident with them there is great muscular weakness, 
amounting, as death approaches, to paralysis. Consciousness is 
preserved to the last."-H. C. Wood, M.D. 
Stille gives a case of a large dose in a child four years old, in 
which there were "no decided spasms, but only muscular pains; 
and she lay with half-closed eyes, breathing hurriedly, protrud- 
ing the tongue with difficulty, and evidently died from sheer 
exhaustion. Muscular pains accompanied the cramps, and con- 
tinued in the intervals. Once there was pain in the knee, and 
once in the spine. In a boy six years old, there were exceptional 
phenomena, depending probably upon some cerebral lesion, from 
which the patient died at the end of forty-eight days. (No post- 
mortem.) The symptoms were : Trembling; extreme sensibility; 
pains in both fore-arms ; dilated pupils; convulsions ; opisthoto- 
nos and rolling of the head , deafness, swelling of the elbow and 
knee joints of the left side; hemiplegia of the right, and convul- 
sions of the left side. In all, or nearly all, the cases, the mind 
was clear throughout the illness ; there was no tendency to sleep, 
except from exhaustion; no illusions nor any perversion of the 
senses. The usual mode of death was by exhaustion, but once it 
came in a convulsive attack." The vertigo and headache are 
sympathetic from gastro-intestinal inflammation. 
Skin.-If Colchicum does not act upon the bowels, it very 
generally will produce diaphoresis of the skin. Colchicia acts 
specifically upon the skin of toads, destroying its sensibility. 
Periosteum and Fibrous Tissues.-Upon these tissues, in- 
cluding the synovial membranes of the joints, Colchicum has a specific 
action. Dr. Wurmb says: "This drug stands in close relation to 
the fibrous tissues ; it produces, on the healthy, pains very simi- 
lar to those of rheumatism; it excites a condition of irritation 
which is very closely allied to inflammation,-redness, swelling, 
heat, etc.; like rheumatic inflammation, this does not tend to sup- 
puration, and it easily and quickly changes its location. In the 
Colchicum fever, as in the rheumatic, the cold stage predomi- 
nates, the sweat is very copious, etc.; the urine and sweat have 
an acid smell and reaction." Rheumatoid symptoms are promi- 
nent effects of Colchicum. COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE. 
331 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Arthritic or rheumatic diathesis. 
Gout.-This is the true specific for this painful disease. 
"The pulse is slightly irritated, the affected parts exceedingly 
painful; the skin looks rose-colored, and a white spot remains 
after pressure by the finger."-Stille. 
"In warm weather, the tearing pains are principally felt at the 
surface of the body; as the air grows colder they seem to pene- 
trate the deeper tissues and the bones."-Teste. 
"Rheumatic pericarditis, and rheumatism in the small joints; 
rheumatic pains that frequently change about; they are of a tear- 
ing nature, and generally in the muscles."-Hah. 
Allopathic authority says Colchicum is suitable only in per- 
sons of vigorous constitution, and in whom the manifestations of 
the disease are acute and active, or only approaching the sub- 
acute, and caution against the asthenic form. 
"Debility and paralytic weakness is very suggestive of the 
asthenic type; and it is in precisely this form of asthenic, sub-acute 
gout that Colchicum is truly indicated, and does real service ; and 
there is no danger whatever of reducing the patient. I do not 
think it safe to give, in a well-marked Colchicum case, a larger 
dose than the 15th potency."-D. 
Sub-acute and chronic rheumatism, affecting the joints, with 
calcareous deposits, muscular weakness, and paralytic symptoms; 
diminution of vital heat, and great vital atony. 
Dropsical effusions in gouty or rheumatic people. 
Digestive Organs.-Arthritic or neuralgic inflammation of 
the intestinal canal, where the mucous membrane is principally 
involved. 
"Sudden sinking of the vital forces; if the patient is raised up, 
the head falls backward and the mouth opens to its widest ex- 
tent."-Raue. 
No appetite; great thirst; aversion to food, loathing the sight 
and still more the smell of it. 
Cold breath and tongue, with mottled skin. 
Frequent and copious eructations of gas. 
"Nausea with great restlessness; on assuming the upright pos- 
ture, great inclination to vomit."-D. 
"Violent retching, followed by copious and forcible vomiting 
of food and then bile. If the patient lie perfectly still, the dispo- 
sition to vomit is less urgent; every motion renews it."-D. 332 
COLCHICUM AUTUMNALE. 
"Sero-mucous vomiting, and rice-water stools, thrown off with 
great force, with cramps of the abdominal muscles, flexors of the 
arms and feet, and sunken features."-Hg. 
Epigastrium extremely sensitive to pressure, icy cold with 
colic. 
Abdomen.-Immense distention of the abdomen with gas. 
"Pressing, tearing, cutting, and stitching pains in the abdo- 
men. Great distention of the abdomen with gas, feeling as 
if the patient had eaten too much. More in upper part."-D. 
If there is copious salivation and diuresis, the stool is scanty ; 
but, if the glands and kidneys are not much involved, there are 
copious, frequent watery or bilious stools, often with some colic. 
Stools of mucus and blood, with great tenesmus. 
Green, watery, very offensive mucus; the stools being invol- 
untary. 
Malignant dysentery, stools fetid, with great prostration, and 
excessive distention of the abdomen. 
Spasmodic pains in the sphincter ani. 
Urinary Organs.-Urine dark and scanty, discharged in 
drops ; depositing a whitish sediment; or copious watery urine. 
"Bloody and burning urine, resembling brick-dust, with 
rheumatic pains in the lumbar region, extending down the thighs." 
-Dr. J. IP. Reynolds. 
Generalities.-The pains are drawing, tearing, pressing, fre- 
quently in the occiput, deep in the cerebellum; aggravated by 
slight mental exertion. 
"The weakness is very great; the whole body is sore and sen- 
sitive ; there is a sensation of trembling throughout the body; all 
the muscles of voluntary motion, but especially those of the arms 
and legs, are paralyzed ; the knees strike together, and the patient 
can hardly walk."-D. 
Distressing, jerking, sticking shocks of pain. 
Dry, hacking cough, with burning and feeling of constriction 
across the chest. 
Great sleepiness during the day, with confusion of the mind ; 
at night can not sleep for pain ; has frightful dreams. 
Aggravation.-The pains are greatly aggravated at night; 
from mental exertion or emotion. 
Amelioration.-During repose, and inspiration. COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS. 
333 
COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS. 
Stone Knot. 
Habitat: North America, etc. Tincture of fresh plant and root. Class III. 
Through the spinal and hypogastric nerves, Collinsonia has three 
special centers of action : 
I. Gastro-Intestinal Canal. Portal Congestion; Hemorrhoids. 
II. Kidneys. Increased Blood-Pressure; Diuresis. 
III. Circulation. Heart Tonic. (Veins.) Varicosis. 
Digestive Organs. - Collinsonia affects the whole gastro- 
intestinal canal, its action especially centering upon the rectum. 
This action, we believe, is due to its effects upon the portal 
system, through the inferior mesenteric plexus of the abdominal 
sympathetic. Through this, the caliber of the portal veins is 
contracted throughout the system, those of the rectum especially 
being affected; followed by dilatation and varicosis of the veins ; 
constipation and haemorrhoids from inertia and congestion of the 
portal system. It also produces nausea with great faintness; 
griping pains in the hypogastrium ; flatulence ; bilious and muco- 
bloody stools; tenesmus with great faintness; with prominent 
hepatic symptoms. We know but little about this most valuable 
remedy. 
Urinary Organs.-The action of Collinsonia upon the kidneys 
is to increase the blood-pressure, and then cause diuresis. Jones 
and Scudder think highly of it as a diuretic. It is also a reputed 
lithotriptic. Prof. Lee believes it to be a valuable alterative 
in chronic diseases of the genito-urinary organs. In chronic 
renal diseases, this remedy should be studied. 
Its action upon the generative organs, especially in women, 
we believe to be from sympathy from its action upon the rectum. 
Heart.-This remedy seems to have a marked action upon 
the heart. Dr. Hale says: "I believe it acts on the heart in two 
ways; (1) by removing obstructions or irritations in the liver, 
portal system, or kidneys, and (2) by increasing its muscular 334 
COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS. 
tonicity, in the same manner that it increases the tone of the 
muscular fibers of the stomach, intestines, and blood-vessels." 
From its action upon the portal veins, it must act on the ve- 
nous side of the heart. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Bowels and Rectum.-Constipation, stools lumpy and light 
colored, with straining, and dull pain in the anus. 
No known remedy can equal this for old, obstinate cases 
of haemorrhoids. I have cured many such cases by giving one 
and two drop doses of the tincture morning and night until cured. 
The attenuations might do the same, but I doubt it. I have 
cured haemorrhoidal tumors as large as my thumb, where the 
patients have been obstinately constipated, in a few weeks. 
"Severe weight in the rectum, with an intense irritation, itch- 
ing, and a sensation in tire rectum as if sticks, sand, or gravel 
had lodged there."-Hale. 
"It is in constipation and haemorrhoids from congestive iner- 
tia of the lower bowel, that Collinsonia proves such a precious 
remedy, especially in the latter months of pregnancy."-Hughes. 
The grand sphere for Collinsonia is in neurosis of the bowels, 
where pain is one of the most prominent symptoms, and espe- 
cially in diseases of the rectum, such as constipation, haemor- 
rhoids, diarrhoea, dysentery. 
"In large doses, it irritates the rectum so much as to set up a 
diarrhoea, soon running on into dysentery. It has not been used 
to any extent in complaints of this kind; but in proctitis and 
rectal dysentery it should rival aloes."-Hughes. 
The pathological condition, or key-note, for the use of this 
remedy, I believe, is passive congestion, with haemorrhoids. 
With all diseases curable with this remedy, let them be urinary 
troubles or uterine troubles, haemorrhoids and constipation will be 
associated. 
In chronic diarrhoea, it has given me excellent results. 
Stools are all preceded and followed by severe pains in 
the hypogastrium. 
Severe colicky pains in the hypogastrium every few minutes, 
with fainting; has to sit down to get relief. 
"Pains in the epigastrium, in constipation and piles."-Dr. G. 
IF. Barnes. 
Stools of mucus, or mucus and blood, or pure blood, with 
more or less tenesmus. COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS. 
335 
Copious watery stools, with nausea and fainting. 
Lungs.-"Hemorrhages, blood dark and tough, enveloped in 
viscid phlegm; previous discharge of blood per anum, subsequent 
costiveness."-Dr. Siebold. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Various diseases of the female 
generative organs, when the rectal symptoms are prominent. 
Pruritus vulvse, probably due to acid urine, has been often 
cured by this remedy. Dr. Hale says it is due .to varicosis. 
It has seemed to act favorably in membranous dysmendr- 
rhoea. 
Dysmenorrhoea associated with hsemorrhoids, and constipa- 
tion. 
Heart.-In cardiac diseases, when haemorrhoids and consti- 
pation are the most prominent symptoms, this remedy has 
proved of great service. 
Irritable heart, with rapid and irregular beating, greatly 
aggravated by motion and excitement; attacks of syncope ; faint- 
ness ; dyspnoea and great prostration. 
Generalities.-"What Sepia is to chronic diseases, Collin- 
sonia is to the acute."-Hale. 
Varicosis of any part of the body. 
Aggravation.-Afternoon, evening, and in the open air. 
Amelioration.-Warm air, and by rest. 336 
COLOCYNTHIS. 
COLOCYNTHIS. 
Bitter Cucumber. 
Habitat: Asia, Africa, etc Triturations, Tincture of the dried fruit, Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Cham , Cott, Staph., Caust., Op., Milk, Infusion Galls. 
Through the cerebro-spinal and abdominal sympathetic nervous sys- 
tems, Colocynth has four special centers of action : 
I. Gastro-Intestinal Canal. Violent Hydragogue Cathartic. 
II. Mucous Membranes. (Intestines.) Violent Inflammation. 
III. Serous Membranes. (Peritoneum.) Inflammation. 
IV. Spinal C. (Posterior.) Hypercesthesia. Violent Neuralgia. 
Abdominal Viscera.-Through the cceliac plexus, and sensi- 
tive filaments of the vagi, Colocynth has a specific and powerful 
action upon the mucous membrane and muscular fiber of the 
intestinal canal, and, through its action on the intestinal glands, 
is one of the most powerful cathartics known. "According to 
Orfella's experiments on dogs, this substance purges, inflames 
the lower bowels, and at the same time depresses the nervous 
system. In rabbits, four to seven grains of Colocynthine proved 
fatal in four hours, after producing copious fluid dejections. The 
gastro-intestinal mucous membrane was found to be highly 
inflamed. . . . 
"In small or moderate doses, Colocynth quickens the peri- 
staltic action of the bowels, and augments their secretion and also 
that of the liver. The stools are mucous and watery, and accom- 
panied with colicky pains. A pregnant female who took a tea- 
spoonful of the tincture, was seized with a dysenteric flux, a 
burning pain in the loins, swelling of the vulva, and a sense of 
bearing-down and heat in the vagina. . . . 
"In large doses, Colocynth acts as a violent irritant poison. 
Murray relates several cases in which the effects produced were 
excruciating pain in the abdomen, vomiting, mucous, serous, and 
bloody stools, with muscular spasms. In one case recorded by 
Caron and d'Annecy, Colocynth produced frequent stools, with 
tormina, and, some hours afterward, intolerable heat in the abdo- COLOCYNTHIS. 
337 
men, dryness of the throat, and intense thirst. Later, signs 
of peritonitis supervened, a small and frequent pulse, red tongue, 
tumid and tender abdomen, severe pain near the umbilicus, and 
suppression of the stools. On the third day, these symptoms 
were succeeded by the collapse of approaching dissolution, which 
took place on the same night. The peritoneal cavity was found 
to contain much serum and fibrine, and the intestinal mucous 
membrane was ulcerated. Dr. Christison quotes the case of a 
female who died, after incessant vomiting and purging, within 
twenty-four hours after having swallowed by mistake a spoonful 
and a half of Colocynth powder."-Stille. 
Violent purgation may be induced by rubbing the abdomen 
with the tincture of Colocynth, showing that the drug has a spe- 
cial affinity for the abdominal cavity. 
Dr. Hughes says: "It seems most probable that it purges the 
lower bowel only, as the rectum is the only part of the alimentary 
tract found inflamed when a poisonous dose is injected into a 
vein. Under such circumstances, there is no manifest irrita- 
tion of the stomach. 
"The vomiting which has been observed as a consequence of its 
external application would appear to result from an influence 
upon the (gastric) nerves. Still more certain evidence of such an 
influence is the severe colic which always accompanies the pur- 
gative action of Colocynth, and which is more marked with it 
than with any other cathartic. (See Dioscorea.) The pain is 
generally about the umbilicus, is of a twisting and burning char- 
acter, increased by food, and relieved by the diarrhoeic evacua- 
tions. Tenesmus also is a constant feature of the Colocynth 
diarrhoea. In one case of poisoning by it, the intestines were 
glued together by recent lymph, showing its power to inflame the 
peritoneum." 
It acts especially upon that portion of the peritoneum which 
covers the ovaries. 
Spinal Symptoms.-"The colic and diarrhoea so characteristic 
were experienced by all the provers. But in most of them other 
symptoms appeared, showing the power of the drug to act upon 
the nervous trunks on the surface as vigorously as upon the ab- 
dominal plexuses. The trigeminus is not uncommonly affected, 
causing toothache and hemicrania. But the nerves about the 
hip-joint suffer most severely, the pain darting down the anterior 
crural, and sometimes down the sciatic trunks, even to the foot. 
The spermatic and ovarian nerves are also affected,-the only 338 
COLOCYNTHIS. 
two provers of the female sex complaining of deep stitches as 
from a needle in the ovaries; in the male, pain and swelling of 
the testicles and spermatic cord."-Hughes. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
"The grand sphere of Colocynth lies among the neuroses, es- 
pecially where pain is the most prominent symptom. It is in 
colic and sciatica that its greatest triumphs have been achieved." 
-Hughes. 
Adapted to neurosis of the bowels in choleric temperaments. 
Digestive Organs.-Agonizing pain in the abdomen, causing 
the patient to bend over double, with great restlessness, moaning, 
and lamenting. 
"Severe colicky pains, mostly around the navel, has to bend 
double, being worse in any other posture, but with great restless- 
ness and loud screaming on changing it; worse at intervals of five 
or ten minutes."-Hg. 
"Colic so distressing that they seek relief by pressing corners 
of tables or heads of bed-posts against the abdomen."-Hg. 
"Child writhes in every possible direction; doubles itself up 
and screams in great distress; it cries very hard."-G. 
"Feeling in the whole abdomen as if the intestines were being 
squeezed between stones."-G. 
Agonizing colic brought on by cold, wet feet. 
Much distress and distention of the abdomen, with diarrhoea, 
which is aggravated by everything eaten or drank. 
"More cutting pains in the bowels than tenesmus; with great 
tenderness of abdomen to Contact; desire to bend double."-G. 
Inflammation of the bowels, the intestines glued together by 
fresh formation of lymph. 
"Dysentery where the disease is located in the small intes- 
tines ; stools slimy, bloody, like scrapings; during stool, some- 
times tenesmus, at other times not; after stool, relief of the 
pain."-Hughes. 
"Bloody diarrhoea, with violent pain in the bowels, extending 
down the thighs."-G. 
"Dysentery-like diarrhoea, renewed each time after taking food 
or drink."-Hg. 
"Chronic watery diarrhoea in the morning, with pain in the 
sides of the abdomen."-Itaue. COLOCYNTHIS. 
339 
Green, watery diarrhoea after indignation, with bitter taste in 
the mouth. 
The abdominal pains that are relieved by Colocynth are of a 
griping, intermittent character, often shifting from place to place, 
and of a rheumatic type. 
Bitter taste, with vomiting of mucus, bile, and food. 
Urinary Organs.-"Urine viscid; looks like, and has the con- 
sistency of, thin glue."-G. 
"Urinates small quantities, with urging; fetid, thickening, 
viscid, jelly-like urine."-Hg. 
"Dysuria, straining ineffectual; worse before, during, and after 
urination, which is scanty."-Hempel. 
Sexual Organs. Female.-Cramp-like pains in the left ova- 
rian region, as though the parts were squeezed. 
Intense boring pains in the ovary, causing her to bend double. 
Head.-Neurosis of the fifth nerve. 
"Neuralgia of the face, tensive tearing, with heat and swell- 
ing, especially left side; motion and touch increase the pain; 
better from rest and warmth."-Raue. 
"Cephalic jjain, tearing, screwing together, with great rest- 
lessness and anxiety."-Raue. 
"Does not like to talk, to answer, to see friends."-Hg. 
Anger and indignation produce vomiting, colic, and diarrhoea. 
Depressed, joyless, and irritable. 
Rheumatic pains in the eyeballs. 
Generalities.-"The nerves about the hip-joint suffer most 
severely; the pain darting sometimes down the anterior crural, 
sometimes down the sciatic trunks, even to the feet."-Hughes. 
"Sciatica, where the pains are of a shooting and cutting kind, 
that run like lightning from the hip to the knee, or eveji to the 
heel, affecting the right side more than the left; greatly aggra- 
vated at night; in neuralgic subjects."-R. Ludlam. 
"Acute cases only, with sensation as if from an iron band 
around the hip ; of but little or no service in chronic cases. Pains 
in the limbs; worse from slight touching, and then increasing 
gradually. "-Hg. 
"It appears to me to be the rheumatic, or gouty-rheumatic 
diathesis. The character of the pain, the fact that the joints are 
all prominently affected, that in the extremities motion so gener- 
ally increases the suffering, that aggravation of it is so readily 340 
CONIUM MACULATUM. 
induced by cold and damp weather, all seem to indicate a dys- 
crasia of a rheumatic nature."-Dr. Pope. 
Tendency of the muscles in all parts of the body to become 
painfully cramped. 
Aggravation.-From mental trouble, anger, mortification; at 
night, from motion, and at rest. 
Amelioration.-Lying with the head bent forward, and bent 
over double; hard pressure; from coffee, and smoking. 
CONIUM MACULATUM. 
Poison Hemlock. 
Habitat: Europe, Asia, etc. Tincture of fresh flowering plant. Class I. 
Antidotes.-Cam ph., Coff., Nit ac., Spir. nit. dulc. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Conium has six special 
centers of action : 
I. Cerebro-Spinal S. End Organs Paralyzed; Muscr Paresis. 
II. Eyes. Mydriasis. Oculo-Motor Paralysis. 
III. Urinary 0. Urine Viscid; Sphincter Vesicce Paralyzed. 
IV. Circulation. Arterial Blood-Pressure Lessened. 
V. Temperature. Lessened. 
VI. Glandular System. (Mammae, Ovaries, Testes.) Atrophied. 
Mot6r Nerves.-Through the motor nerves, Conium acts 
upon the muscular system. "The combined results of numerous 
experiments very clearly indicate that Conia is a nerve-poison, 
with definite and singularly limited affinities. It is one of the 
most powerful poisons discovered; yet it operates within a very 
limited sphere. Normal, that is unmodified, Coniine acts as a 
pure paralyzer. Upon the motor system, it operates through the 
nerves alone, leaving the spinal cord intact. Small doses act 
exactly like Curare, viz., upon the nerve-terminals alone; but 
larger doses affect also the motor trunks.. The hind limbs are 
paralyzed first; but the whole system of voluntary motor nerves CONIUM MACULATUM. 
341 
is ultimately affected, and death comes by cessation of respiratory 
movements."-D. F. Phillips, M. D. 
Dr. Bartholow says: "The action of Coni a is primarily and 
chiefly on the end organs of the motor nerves; the nerve-trunks 
next lose their excitability, and by an extension of paralysis the 
spinal cord is at last involved. The muscular irritability remains 
unaffected." 
Dr. H. C. Wood says: "The chief symptoms produced in 
man by Conia, in doses just large enough to impress decidedly 
the system, are as follows: Great muscular weakness or languor, 
with some disorder of vision, and giddiness. On attempting to 
walk, the patient suffers from a feeling as though his feet were 
made of lead, and he staggers or falls, from the refusal of his 
knees to support him. There is an intense desire to lie quiet in 
the horizontal position; and, as the eyelids are especially affected, 
the eyes are kept shut. In some subjects, these symptoms are 
preceded or accompanied by burning in the mouth or fauces, 
nausea and even vomiting, besides heat of head, often with a 
sense of weight or pressure, or even severe frontal pain. The 
disorder of vision is apparently due in great part to a sluggish- 
ness and finally to paralysis of accommodation. All observers 
agree that the chief symptom produced by Conia (i. e., the paralysis) 
is not due to any direct influence upon the muscles, which, indeed, 
preserve perfectly their contractility up to death. Kolliker, in 1856, 
announced that the failure of motion in Conia-poisoning is due 
to a direct action of the Alkaloid upon the e fferent or motor nerves. 
He first experimentally found, that, in frogs killed by the drug, 
the application of the galvanic current to a nerve fails to induce 
contractions in the tributary muscle. He then tied the aorta in 
such a way as to cut off the supply of blood to the hind extremi- 
ties, and found, that, after voluntary motion had ceased in the 
forelegs, and even after galvanic stimulation of the anterior nerves 
had lost its influence upon the muscles directly supplied by those 
nerves, irritation of the same anterior nerves produced reflex con- 
tractions in the hind legs, showing that the anterior afferent nerves 
and the spinal cord still retained functional activity after the loss 
of it in all those efferent nerves reached by the poison. Very 
many experimenters have confirmed the above results; and it 
may be considered settled that Conia is a paralyzer of efferent or 
motor nerves, and that it is the peripheral ends that are prima- 
rily affected, and not the trunks." 
The poisoning of Socrates, described in the Pheedo of Plato, is 
a fine illustration of the effects of Conium: " Socrates, having 342 
CONIUM MACULATUM. 
walked about, when he said that his legs were growing heavy, lay 
down on his back; for the man so directed him. And at the 
same time he who gave him the poison, taking hold of him, after 
a short interval, examined his feet and legs; and then, having 
pressed his foot hard, he asked if he felt it. He said that he did 
not. After this, he pressed his thighs; and thus going higher, he 
showed us that he was growing cold and stiff. Then Socrates 
touched himself and said that when the poison reached his heart 
he should then depart. But now the parts around the lower belly 
were almost cold; when, uncovering himself, for he had been 
covered over, he said (and they were his last words): 'Crito, we 
owe a cock to JSsculapius; pay it, therefore, and do not neglect 
it.' . . . Shortly after, he gave a convulsive movement and 
was gone." 
Sensory Nerves.-It is generally believed that Conia has little 
or no influence upon the afferent nerves ; "but Lautenbach affirms 
that by a large number of experiments he has shown that it im- 
pairs very greatly the functions of the peripheral afferent nerves. 
M. Gubler called attention to the action of Conium in benumbing 
cutaneous sensibility, detailing a case where temporary loss of 
sensation was produced in the hand by rubbing a cancerous 
tumor with the extract." (Wood.) The action of Conia upon the 
posterior portion of the cord is not fully settled. 
Brain.-Dr. Harley says: 'Conia affects chiefly the corpora 
striata, and other centers at the base of the brain, supposed to 
mediate between the will and the spinal cord, acting as a para- 
lyzer of these cranial motor centers.' Schroff states that the 
poison, soon after it is taken, is followed by a sensation of heavi- 
ness in the head ; giddiness ; inability to think ; great impairment 
of common sensibility; blunted taste; dimmed sight; dilated 
pupils, and a sensation of insects crawling on the skin. This 
shows that the mind is evidently weakened. It is related that 
asses which feed upon the plant fall into so deep a stupor that 
they have been taken for dead, and even half flayed before the 
mistake of the operators was discovered. An insane person took 
twenty-five grains; it produced such a fullness in the head as 
might be caused by a ligature around the neck, with vertigo." 
-Stille. 
"According to the experiments of Lautenbach,the convulsions 
of Conia-poisoning are cerebral, since in a number of cases, after 
division of the cord, they were confined to those muscles supplied 
by nerves arising from that portion of the spinal marrow above CONIUM MACULATUM. 
343 
the section. The retention of consciousness so late in the course 
of poisoning by Conia, proves that the drug has but little influence 
upon the cerebral hemispheres."-Wood. 
Eyes.-Dr. John Harley took five and a half drachms of Suc- 
eus Conii. "Three-quarters of an hour afterward, disorder of 
vision suddenly came on. It was a feeling of giddiness induced by 
shifting the eyes from one object to another. So long as the 
eyes were fixed upon an object, the capacity of vision for, and the 
definition of, the minutest objects were unimpaired; but the 
instant the eyes were directed to any other object, all was haze 
and confusion ; and, in order to remove those effects, it was neces- 
sary to arrest the eyes upon a given object and there retain them 
with a fixed gaze. At the end of an hour, this derangement of 
the muscular apparatus of the eye, was much increased, and the 
implication of the third nerve was still further indicated by great 
dilatation of the pupils, and approaching paralysis of the levator 
palpebrae muscle. It now required considerable effort to raise the 
eyelids, and a general muscular lethargy rapidly spread over the 
body."-Stille. 
Dr. H. C. Wood says: "The pupil is generally dilated by 
Conia. The ptosis of Conia-poisoning indicates that the dilata- 
tion of the pupil is due to oculo-motor paralysis. The known ac- 
tion of the drug upon nerve-trunks indicates that this paralysis is 
peripheral." 
Urinary Organs.-"One of the earliest signs of its operation 
is an increased viscidity of the urinary secretion ; and sometimes 
the perspiration is augmented. The urine is said to be more 
abundantly secreted, to smart a little when voided, and, on stand- 
ing, to deposit a glairy sediment, and to exhale a nauseous smell." 
-Stille. 
"Although Harley failed to find Conia in the urine of animals 
poisoned by it, yet it is eliminated by the kidneys, in whose secre- 
tion Zaleski and Draggendorff have found abundance of it in the 
first twelve hours of the poisoning, and traces of it for two days 
and a half."-Dr. II. C. Wood. 
From the great difficulty in voiding urine, it must produce 
paralysis of the sphincter vesicae, as shown by the urine flowing 
and stopping again and again during urination. 
Circulation.-Lautenbach states that the pulse is at first 
accelerated, but soon falls to much below normal; and the arte- 344 
CONIUM MACULATUM. 
rial pressure falls immediately after the injection of Conia, but 
afterward rises far above the normal point. 
Damourette and Pelvet claim to have demonstrated that 
Conia occasions a destructive alteration of the red blood-disks, 
and prevents the coagulation of the blood, rendering it dark and 
fluid. 
Most experimenters, prominent among whom is Dr. Ringer, 
believe that Conium affects the blood and vascular system but 
slightly. 
Temperature.-"Verigo, Von Pragg, and others affirm that 
lethal doses of Conium cause a decided lowering of tempera- 
ture ; Bartholow affirms tiie same; but Lautenbach asserts that 
the drug decidedly increases the temperature, both when in thera- 
peutic and in toxic doses."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
• 
Glands,.-Conium continued for a long time, produces wast- 
ing of the mammae and testicles, loss of venereal desire, and prob- 
ably acts specifically upon the ovaries, as shown by scanty men- 
struation, etc. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Conium is adapted to the debility of old people, to diseases 
caused by a blow or fall; and to cancerous, scrofulous people, 
with' tight, rigid fiber. 
"Particularly suitable for women, with tight, rigid fiber, and 
easily excited, as well as forthose in the opposite condition."-G. 
"It is a genuine anti-scrofulous medicine, reducing swollen 
glands, and especially removing the photophobia of strumous 
ophthalmia."-Hughes. 
Head.-"Much troubled with vertigo, particularly when lying 
down and when turning over in bed."-G. 
Vertigo at the climacteric, with paralysis of the sphincter 
vesicae, and frequent hot flashes. 
"Dreads being alone, but avoids society."-Lippe. 
Great concern about little things; very easily excited. 
Easily intoxicated. 
Hypochondriacal, morose, and out of humor. 
Vertigo, like turning in a circle; worse when lying down; as 
though the bed were turning in a circle ; the least motion, as turn- 
ing over in bed, greatly aggravates. CONIUM MACULATUM. 
345 
Pain in the occiput with every pulsation, as if pierced with a 
knife; or as if the head were too full of blood. 
Eyes.-In superficial inflammations of the eye, with pustules 
upon the cornea (keratitis), excessive photophobia, and slight 
discharge of mucus and pus, Conium is of great value. 
Ptosis and indurations of the lids have often been cured by 
Conium. Very important in paralysis of the muscle of the eyes. 
Cataract from contusion ; sight sluggish. 
Asthenopia, with excessive hypersesthesia of the retina; can 
not bear light or heat; want of accommodation ; muscles paralyzed. 
Digestive Organs.-"Frequent sour eructations, with hard- 
ness and distention of the abdomen."-G. 
Black crusts upon the lips and teeth. 
"Vomiting that looks like black coffee-grounds."-G. 
"Terrible nausea in women having scirrhosities during preg- 
nancy."-G. [Acrid dejections.) 
"Stitches extending from the abdomen to the right chest."-G. 
"Frequent stitches in the anus between stools."-G. 
Constipation, with constant and ineffectual urging to stool, 
with vertigo while lying down. 
Chronic jaundice, in disease of the liver, with much aching in 
right hypochondrium. 
Hypochondriasis from abstinence from sexual intercourse. 
Urinary Organs.-"One of the leading characteristics of this 
remedy is, "Much difficulty in voiding urine; it flows and stops 
again, then flows and stops again, at each emission."-G. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Induration of the testicles. 
Impotence ; weakness of the sexual power; frequent emissions 
without erections; sexual organs very irritable. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Aching pain in the abdomen dur- 
ing pregnancy; is disturbed between twelve and three o'clock at 
night, having to get up to urinate ; has no affection for anybody." 
-J. C. Morgan, M. I). 
"It has a specific action upon the female breast, dissipating 
its engorgements and tumors, and relieving its pain."-Hughes. 
"It has hardly less influence on the ovaries, and on their 
homologues, the male testes. It is often beneficial in scanty 
menstruation and unready conception in the one sex, and in defi- 
cient virility in the other, resulting from passive engorgements of 
these organs."-D. 346 
CONIUM MACULATUM. 
Induration of the os and cervix; acrid leucorrhoea; vagina 
excoriated. 
"Soreness and swelling of the breasts preceding menstrua- 
tion."-G. 
Great soreness of mammae preceding menstruation, aggravated 
by the least jar, or walking, is a sure key-note for Conium. 
Induration of the breasts, hard as a stone (traumatic). 
"Shriveling of the mammae, with increased sexual desire."-G. 
"The breasts swell, become hard and painful before the men- 
ses, when her hysterical symptoms increase greatly; the vertigo 
when lying down becomes very severe."-G. 
"Induration and enlargement of the ovary."-G. 
"Conium is a valuable special narcotic to the genital organs 
when we have uterine colic, connected with leucorrhceal flow; 
menstrual tympanitis; aching pains in the hypogastrium, like 
menstrual colic."-It. Ludlam, M. I). 
Burning, acrid, pungent leucorrhoea. In withered-up people. 
Menses suppressed, too late and too scanty. 
Burning, aching, sore pain in the region of the uterus. 
Stinging pains in the neck of the uterus, with rigid os. 
During the menses she has stinging pains in the neck of the 
uterus, and vertigo while lying down. 
"Prolapsus uteri, complicated with induration, ulceration, and 
profuse excoriating leucorrhoea."-G. [Cancer.] 
"Violent itching of the vulva, followed by pressing-down of the 
uterus."-G. 
Eruptions on the vulva, with much itching from acid leucor- 
rhcea. 
Chest.-"Cough, periodical, dry, excited by itching, grating, 
tickling in the throat and behind the sternum; it comes in short 
bouts, and is especially evoked by lying down, talking and laugh- 
ing."-Hirschel. 
The irritation to cough lies in the larynx or bronchi. 
Nervous bronchial asthma, with hard, dry, spasmodic cough. 
"Hacking, almost continued cough, worse at night, when lying 
down. "-Hughes. 
This is one of my most useful remedies for dry cough. 
"Spasmodic, dry, teasing cough, worse in the evening and at 
night, greatly fatiguing the patient in sub-acute bronchitis."-D. 
Skin.-Yellow skin, with want of action. 
Petechise in people who are prematurely old, with rigid fiber. COPAIBA. 
347 
Bloody, fetid, ichorous ulcers, after contusions. 
Offensive, fetid sweat, in dried-up old maids. 
Aggravation.-At night, during rest, the cough and the dizzi- 
ness are sure to be aggravated by lying down, or rising up in bed, 
looking around, and from cold air. 
Amelioration.-From continued moving; in the dark, and in 
dry, warm weather. 
COPAIBA. 
Copaiba Balsam. 
Habitat: South America, etc. Tincture, two parts of the Balsam to nine of Alcohol. 
Antidotes.-Belladonna, Mercury. Cantharis, Camphor. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Copaiba has four special centers 
of action: 
I. Mucous Membranes. Inflammation; Mucorrhoea. 
IL Digestive Organs. Sloiv Digestion; Intestinal Catarrh. 
III. Skin. Urticaria; Roseola; Macula; (Edema. 
IV. Cerebro-Spinal System. Convulsions; Paresis. 
Mucous Membranes.-Copaiba acts upon all the mucous 
membranes, especially affecting that of the urinary organs. Dr. 
Hughes says: "It is generally acknowledged that it acts as an 
irritant, the influence being strongest in the urethra, and becoming 
weaker as it ascends toward the kidney. Even on the latter, 
however, it acts sometimes as a potent diuretic, sometimes as a 
provocant of haematuria, But its urethral action is most marked. 
Sometimes the irritation travels along the seminal tracts, and the 
testicles become tender and swollen. Even rheumatism, accord- 
ing to Pereira, has been ascribed to the use of the Balsam." 
Dr. Phillips says: "Should the dose have been unduly large, 
micturition becomes too frequent, and is preceded and followed 
by itching, smarting, and burning in the urethral passage, and 
during its progress is accompanied by heat and tenesmus, and 
even by haematuria and ischuria. The urine deposits a sediment 348 
COPAIBA. 
resembling albumen, which properly consists of vesical and ure- 
thral mucus." 
Bartholow says, he has "reason to believe that desquama- 
tive nephritis and fibroid kidney have resulted from its free 
administration for a lengthened period. While small doses of 
the Balsam will increase the gross amount of urine and of the 
solid contents, large doses will actually cause a diminution in the 
amount both of water and solids, by setting up renal irritation; 
and in several instances albumen has been detected." 
Digestive Organs.-This drug is a gastro-intestinal irritant. 
Phillips says: "Copaiba causes heat in the pit of the stomach, 
lessens the desire for food; gives rise to yellow-coated tongue, 
nausea, and retching, or eructations that possess the peculiar 
taste and odor of the medicine. When Copaiba can not be toler- 
ated by the stomach, purging of the bowels often follows; the 
alvine secretions are often bloody, and attended by mucous dis- 
charges, also by a sense of burning in the region of the sphincter 
ani, and by violent tenesmus." Bartholow says, very serious 
injury may be done to the gastro-intestinal canal by large doses; 
gastro-intestinal catarrh has been produced, that lasted many 
months. In rabbits, the gastro-intestinal mucous membrane 
after death is not inflamed, but there is great destruction of the 
epithelium. 
Respiratory Organs.-"The effects of Copaiba upon the re- 
spiratory tract are shown in its producing irritation in the larynx 
and bronchi; dryness in the larynx, huskmess in the chest; dry. 
painful cough, in connection with which there is expectoration of 
a semi-purulent, greenish, and nauseously smelling mucus."- 
Dr. C. D. F. Phillips. 
Skin.-Copaiba has a marked action upon the skin, when the 
bowels are not much affected. The following case of poisoning 
illustrates its action finely: "From two tablespoonfuls of the oil, 
on the third day the whole body was cedematous, with a tempera- 
ture of 104, pulse 140, small and feeble; body covered with red- 
dish, smooth eruptions, studded with innumerable points of a 
deeper color; followed in two days by small vesicles on the face, 
hands, and feet. Desquamation and convalescence on the eighth 
day."-IF. A. Kennedy, M. D. 
It has often produced urticaria, maculae, itching, and roseola. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Large doses of Copaiba have pro- 
duced alarming symptoms. Stille says: "In one case, temporary COPAIBA. 
349 
hemiplegia was produced, which ceased upon the occurrence of a 
rubeoloid eruption; and in another an attack of convulsions ter- 
minated in like manner. Maestri observed a case, in which 
large doses produced rigidity of the muscles of the trunk, and 
partial paralysis of the facial muscles." Epileptic convulsions 
have also been produced by its continued use. 
It is eliminated by the lungs and kidneys, and has been found 
four days after its ingestion,in the urine. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Urinary and Sexual Organs. - Ascites, and general ana- 
sarca, from renal disease, especially albuminuria after scarlatina. 
The great interest of this remedy is centered in gonorrhoea; and, 
as soon as the acute symptoms have been subdued by Aconite, no 
remedy can finish the cure more rapidly than Copaiba. Five 
drops given on sugar once in four hours will dry the discharge up 
at once ; but it must be continued for at least a week. 
In some obstinate cases, ten to fifteen drops of the Oil will 
have to be used at a dose. 
Yellow, purulent discharge from the urethra. 
Burning in the urethra, with frequent micturition. 
Chronic gleet, with muco-purulent discharge. 
Gonorrhoeal rheumatism, especially affecting the knees. 
"Bloody urine, with constant urging to urinate, and tendency 
to chordee."-Dr. Franklin. 
"Has cured numerous cases of haematuria in women."-F. 
"I have found it especially valuable in irritation of the urethra 
and neck of the bladder in old women."-Hughes. 
Chronic catarrh of the bladder, with copious mucous discharge. 
Bronchi.-Chronic bronchorrhoea (dilated bronchi), with pro- 
fuse expectoration of a greenish, purulent, fetid mucus. 
Skin.-Urticaria from gastric irritation, with fever and intol- 
erable itching. (Many cures.) 
"Acne of long duration, with much disfiguration of the face." - 
Hughes. 
Bowels.-Chronic catarrh of intestinal tract, with diarrhoea. 
Aggravation.-Mornings. 
Amelioration.-From walking. 350 
CORALLIUM RUBRUM. 
CORALLIUM RUBRUM. 
Red Coral. 
Habitat, Mediterranean Sea. Trituration. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, this remedy has one special cen- 
ter of action: 
I. Pneumogastric N. Sensitive Filaments. Hypercesthesia. 
Pneumogastric Nerve.-Through the sensitive filaments of 
the vagi, Corallium produces a dry, spasmodic, convulsive 
cough, and a general hysterical condition of the laryngo-bronchial 
mucous membrane. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Violent, dry, teasing, spasmodic cough, so violent that chil- 
dren lose their breath, and grow black in the face. 
"Paroxysms of violent spasmodic cough, commencing with 
gasping for breath, and continuing with repeated crowing inspi- 
ration, until the patient grows purple or black in the face, and is 
quite exhausted ; worse at night."-Z). 
"Pertussis in children that take very little food ordrink."-G. 
"Laryngismus stridulus, and chronic convulsive cough."- 
Hughes. 
For dry, spasmodic, hysterical cough, worse at night, Coral- 
lium has proved of great service in attenuations from the 12th to 
the 30th. CROCUS SAT1VUS. 
351 
CROCUS SATIVUS. 
Saffron. 
Habitat: Asia, Europe, etc. Tincture of the dried stigmata, Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Aconite, Opium, Belladonna, Secale. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Crocus has three special centers 
of action: 
I. Cerebro-Spinal System. Hysterical Emotional Excitement. 
II. Sexual 0., Female. Venous Cong.; Passive Hemorrhages. 
III. Blood. Dark and Stringy. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-In small doses, it excites the dif- 
ferent functions, exhilarates the spirits, relieves pain, and pro- 
duces sleep. Large doses give rise to headache, intoxication, de- 
lirium, stupor; and, in doses of two or three drachms, it has 
caused death. It has a peculiar action upon the eyes,'causing a 
feeling as if gauze were before them, with constant disposition to 
wipe it away. 
Through the emotional centers, it causes an extraordinary 
laughing mania. 
Generative Organs of Women.-Crocus has the power of 
producing great venous congestion to the uterus, with passive 
uterine hemorrhage, and a feeling in the abdomen as of some- 
thing alive. The emmenagogue action of Crocus, though ignored 
by most old-school writers, has been abundantly confirmed by 
our provings. 
On the blood, it has a peculiar action, making it dark and 
stringy. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Menorrhagia, blood dark, clotted, and stringy. 
"Menorrhagia of dark, stringy blood; as it is discharged it 
forms itself into long strings."-G. 
"Black, stringy discharge from the uterus, with rolling and 
bounding in the abdomen as from a foetus."-G. 352 
CROCUS SATIVUS. 
Passive uterine hemorrhage; blood dark and stringy, in nerv- 
ous, hysterical women ; aggravated by motion. 
Miscarriage at the third month. (Of great value.) 
False or nervous pregnancy, with sensation as if something 
alive were in the abdomen. 
"Dysmenorrhoea, with sensation in the stomach of great com- 
motion, upward and downward, hither and thither; the blood is 
dark and stringy."-G. 
Digestive Organs.-"Feeling of nausea in the chest and 
throat, as if she would vomit."-G. 
Stitches in the abdomen arresting respiration. 
Abdomen swollen, with sensation of something moving in it. 
"Long, dull stitches in the anus, from time to time continuous, 
and painfully affecting the whole nervous system."-G. 
Dr. Schneider has great confidence in it for constipation of 
infants; he uses from one to three drops of the tincture. 
Head.-"Great mental dejection; menses suppressed; the 
blood dark and stringy."-G. 
Sings during sleep. Sleepless at night, and drowsy through 
the day. 
"She is worse every evening, with alternations of excessive 
happiness ; tender and affectionate; followed by rage."-G. 
"Yellowish, earthy color of the face."-G. 
Eyes.-Aching pain in the muscles of the eyes. 
"Feeling as if there was gauze before the eyes."-G. 
Feeling as if he had been looking through too sharp spec- 
tacles ; eyes ache very much after reading, feeling as if he had 
wept too much; constant winking; hysterical asthenopia. 
Generalities.-Epistaxis or haemoptysis; the blood dark and 
stringy. (Very characteristic.) 
"Great debility and palpitation of the heart on going up stairs." 
-G. [In hysterical affections.] 
"Chorea every seven days, with great debility, dancing, sing- 
ing."-G. 
"Spasmodic contraction of single muscles; jumping, dancing, 
laughing, whistling; wants to kiss everybody, with congestion 
of the head."-G. 
Aggravation.-Mornings ; fasting; during pregnancy, and in 
the house. 
Amelioration.-In the open air and from eating. CROTALUS HORRIDUS. 
353 
CROTALUS IIORRIDUS. 
Rattlesnake Poison. 
Habitat: America, etc. Trituration of the poison. Solution in glycerine. 
AntidotesAlcohol or Whisky, to intoxication. Bile of the Rattlesnake. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Crotalus has six special 
centers of action: 
I. Brain. Medulla and Sensory Nerve Life Instantly Destroy'd. 
II. Pneumogastric. Spasms of the Throat; Emesis; Asthma. 
III. Blood. Rapid Septic Decomposition; Fibrine Incoagulable. 
IV. Circulation. Vaso-Motor Paralysis; Asthenic Fever. 
V. Skin. Jaundice; Hemorrhages; Ecchymosis: Gangrene. 
VI. Glandular S. All Glands Congested; Fatty Degeneration. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-The life of the medulla oblongata 
and of the sensory nerves of the medulla spinalis, is struck 
down as it were by lightning; and they lose their vitality before 
the efferent or motor nerves are affected. The poison acts first 
upon the sensory nerves, their nerve force being apparently anni- 
hilated ; and the sensory ganglia are powerfully affected. The 
action on the optic ganglia is shown by the extreme dilatation of 
the pupil and insensibility to light; on the auditory ganglia, 
by the loss of hearing. The higher cerebral ganglia remain a 
long time unaffected, or escape entirely. Its action upon the 
olfactory ganglia, causes complete loss of smell, so that the most 
pungent salts held to the nostrils, are not noticed. In fatal cases, 
the depression of the nerve centers is most profound, as shown 
by twitchings, convulsions, delirium, syncope, exhaustion, and 
death from paralysis of the spinal nerves. 
Dr. R. Hughes says: "In the first group, the symptoms are 
those of direct poisoning of the nervous centers, without local 
inflammation or blood changes. Sometimes the symptoms are 
those of epilepsy, sometimes tetaniform; but most frequently 
there is nothing but profound prostration, with speedy superven- 
ing unconsciousness. From the sense of being heated all over 
we may infer that there is paresis of the vaso-motor system." 354 
CROTALUS HORRIDUS. 
A bitten person often complains of vertigo, throbbing frontal 
headache, neuralgic pains in the head and neck, and nervous 
tremor. 
Pneumogastric.-Its influence upon this nerve is one of the 
most marked and characteristic symptoms of the poison. Its 
action upon the glosso-pharyngeal branch, is one of its most con- 
stant effects, as shown by the constant irritation and spasm of 
the pharynx and larynx. The constriction of the throat is so 
great that swallowing is performed with great difficulty; respira- 
tion, also, is very difficult. It acts upon the stomach, causing 
nausea, and vomiting of greenish or bloody matter. 
Blood.-This is the most important field of action belonging 
to Crotalus. The poison seems to reach over, so to speak, to the 
great sympathetic, and destroy its life. Through these two nerv- 
ous systems, not only are the blood-making organs destroyed, but 
the blood itself is destroyed by becoming acid; and, when the 
blood becomes acid, it means death, and the animal life ceases. 
Dr. Mitchell sums up the action of the Crotalus poison upon 
the blood in the following graphic language: 
"The study of envenomed blood has taught: 
"1. That, in animals which survive the poisoning for a time,, 
the blood is so altered as to render the fibrine incoagulable. 
"2. Experiments in and out of the body have given proof that 
this change is gradual, and that the absence of coagulation is not 
due to checked formation of fibrine, but to alterations produced 
by the action of the venom in that fibrine which already exists in 
the circulating blood. 
"3. The influence thus exerted is of a putrefactive nature,, 
and imitates, in a few hours, the ordinary work of days of change. 
It is probably even more rapid in the body, on account of the 
higher temperature. 
"4. The altered blood retains its power to absorb gases, and 
thus to change its own color. 
"5. The blood-corpuscles are unaffected in acute poisoning by 
Crotalus venom, and are rarely doubtfully altered in the most 
prolonged cases which result fatally. 
"6. The contents of the blood-globules of the guinea-pig can 
be made to crystallize, as is usual after other modes of death. 
"Among the most constant and curious lesions in the cases of 
secondary poisoning are the ecchymoses which are found on and in 
the viscera of the chest and belly, most frequently affecting the intesti- CROTALUS HORRIDUS. 
355 
nal canal. They may and do occur in any cavity, and on any 
organ. These spots contain blood, whose globules are more or 
less deformed, but still of dimensions not less than usual. 
"Owing to the changes of the blood or the tissue or both, 
extravasations are met with in the lungs, brain, kidneys, serous 
membranes, intestines, and heart. As a result, we may have 
functional derangement grafted on the main stem of the malady, 
and the accompaniments of bloody serum in the affected cavi- 
ties, bloody mucus in the intestinal canal, and bloody urine in 
the bladder. 
"That the venom of Crotalus, like that of other snakes, is a 
septic, or putrefacient, poison, of astounding energy,-a view long 
held by toxicologists. 
"The rapid decomposition of the blood, and of the tissues locally 
acted upon by the venom, leaves no doubt upon the matter, and makes 
it apparent that an incipient putrefaction of this nature may so affect 
the blood as to destroy its power to clot, and perhaps, also, to nour- 
ish the tissues through which it passes. 
"The alterations thus brought about are probably the results 
of a continued fermentive change, which, by a small amount of 
poison, is gradually made to involve in fatal change the whole 
mass of the circulating fluids. Like all fermentations, however, 
the rapidity depends upon temperature, and on the amount of the 
primary ferment. In one instance, a dog, struck by eight snakes, 
died in eighteen minutes, and exhibited uncoagulable blood. I am 
not aware of any other case of so rapid loss of the coagulability of 
the blood. It was rendered thus by the number of localities from 
which the ferment attacked the system." 
"The cause of death in chronic or secondary poisoning, may 
with propriety be referred to the incipient putrefactive changes 
which affect the blood, as well as the continued influence of the 
agencies which first act to depress the heart's action and destroy 
nerve function."-S. B. Higgins, S. A. 
The longer death is delayed, the greater the lesions, and the 
blood constantly becomes more and more liquefied. A beautiful 
illustration of this is given us by S. B. Higgins. A dog, a "small 
terrier, survived very serious visceral lesions, and lived during 
two days with his blood in a condition of complete diffluence. 
Twenty hours from the time of the poisoning, the dog was found 
lying on his left side, having passed slimy and bloody stools in 
abundance. At intervals he seemed to suffer much from tenes- 
mus, but was so weak that he stood up with difficulty. His gums 
were bleeding, a symptom I had seen before, and his eyes were 356 
CROTALUS HORRLDUS. 
deeply injected (the most characteristic symptoms of yellow fever, 
according to Manzini). Twenty-seven hours after the time he 
was bitten, his hind legs were twitching, and the dysentery con- 
tinued. No clot was found in the blood." 
In the Medical Times and Gazette, Dr. Mitchell speaks of the 
striking power of snake venom to cause hemorrhages : "You have 
only to moisten the intestinal peritoneum with it and blood will 
be forthwith effused at the spot." This must be referred to some 
alteration in the walls of the vessels, probably similar to fatty 
degeneration. 
Glandular System.-Liver.-Jaundice is a marked symptom 
in snake-poisoning. In France this is regarded as a symptom of 
fear. But I can not subscribe to this; for how can fear produce 
the marked icterus seen in the last stages of the malady caused 
by the venom. It is more likely due to innervation, portal con- 
gestion, and a state of the blood-vessels similar to fatty degener- 
ation, which hinders the due metamorphosis of their absorbed 
secretions. 
Frerichs says: "Yellow fever, pyaemia, typhus, and acute 
asthenic diseases are complicated with jaundice. A group of 
severe symptoms, such as hemorrhages from the gastro-intestinal 
mucous membrane, ecchymosis of the surface, albuminuria, 
hsematuria, suppression of urine, manifest themselves." All these 
point directly to extensive liquefaction and destruction of the 
blood. 
Parotid and Salivary Glands.-These glands are greatly con- 
gested and swollen. Angina tonsillarum; gums swollen and 
bleeding; very fetid breath. 
Mamma.-The secretions of the mammae are so charged with 
the venom that they are a deadly poison to nursing babes. 
Skin.-Hemorrhages from the pores of the skin. The entire 
surface of the skin becomes yellow; or the skin is yellow in spots, 
which are so persistent that they return yearly, and the same with 
the maculae. Blisters and livid spots, surrounded by a red areola, 
filled with dark and bloody serum; ecchymosis, and a leaden 
color of the face that lasts during life. 
General Character and Effects.-The following will give a 
more thorough understanding of the nature and effects of this 
poison: "Immediately after the injection of the poison, there is 
a sudden increase in the rapidity of the circulation of the blood; 
sharp pains in the chest, throat, and limbs, much oedema of the CROTALUS HORRIDUS. 
357 
parts bitten; sensations of flushes of heat in the whole body, fol- 
lowed by ice-cold chills ; abundant epistaxis ; discoloration of the 
linger and toe nails, and flow of blood from under them; blood 
flows from the gums, roof of the mouth, and from the urinary 
canal; the pulse rises suddenly to 140 or 160, and as suddenly 
lowers to 75 or 80, to rise again to 100 or 105; surface of the skin 
becomes red; soon after it changes to a purple hue; oppression 
in the chest is felt; great muscular debility ensues, which is 
superseded by a state of coma ; patient rouses slightly, complains 
of inability to distinguish objects around him; relapses into the 
comatose condition; a bloody or dark-colored or greenish froth is 
noticed on the lips, and death ensues immediately thereafter."- 
>8. B. Higgins. 
It is said that men who survive the bite of the Crotalus suffer 
all their lives. 
Dr. R. Hughes has written up the poisonous effects of the 
Ophidians all together, making no distinction between the action 
of the venom of Crotalus, Lachesis, and Naja tripudians. This we 
believe to be all wrong; for the effects of each differ greatly. Dr. 
Fayrer says : "In all cases where the blood forms a firm coagu- 
lum after death, the poison is of a Coluber; and, in all cases 
where it remains perfectly fluid, it is of a Viper. This point is not 
positively determined as yet. We may, however, take the Naja 
tripudians as heading the scale of those poisons whose action on 
the blood produces a coagulum, and the Crotalus as the synonym 
for the opposite class, whose action on the blood produces perma- 
nent fluidity. It is probable that the action of all the snake poi- 
sons ranges between those two extremes." 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Crotalus is adapted to asthenic haematic diseases, such as 
putrid sore throat, carbuncle, malignant pustule, malignant ery- 
sipelas, gangrene, typhoid, typhus, and yellow fever, pyaemia, 
purpura, septicaemia, diphtheria, malignant scarlatina, and 
glanders, with profound prostration and a tendency to rapid 
death. 
In yellow fever, Crotalus has gained its greatest laurels. No 
remedy covers the symptoms of this fever so completely, and none 
has made more cures. It has been used as a prophylactic in yel- 
low fever, by inoculation, with good results. 
All fevers assume the low typhoid form, with great prostration 
of the vital forces. 358 
CROTALUS HORRIDUS. 
Languor, with frequent fainting spells. 
Trembling of the whole body. 
Hemorrhages from every orifice of the body, gums, nose, stom- 
ach, lungs, urethra, womb, bowels, eyes, ears, and the pores of 
the skin. 
Wounds bleed readily, old cicatrices break open again. 
Most of the symptoms appear on the right side. (Lachesis on 
the left side.) 
Head.-Mental prostration. 
Debility of intellectual faculties. 
Visions ; extraordinary hallucinations ; almost lunacy. 
Illusions of the sense of hearing; deafness. 
Rush of blood to the head, with a feeling of tightness in the 
head, with vertigo and nausea. 
Swelling of the head and face. 
Headache of the frontal and orbital region is a prominent 
indication for Crotalus. 
Eyes.-Burning in the eyes. 
Blood oozes from the eyes, which look ecchymosed. 
Dilated pupils, with loss of vision. 
"Hemorrhages into the retina, from retinitis."-Dr. Liebold. 
Great sensitiveness to light, the lids greatly swollen. 
Yellow color of the eyes. 
Digestive Organs. -"Moldy smell from mouth."-Neidhard. 
Extremely fetid breath. 
"Tongue scarlet red, or brown and swollen."-Hg. 
Looseness of the teeth, with bleeding gums. 
Painful roughness and dryness of the throat, with difficult 
deglutition of saliva. 
Swelling of the salivary glands and tonsils. 
Spasms of the throat, with feeling of lump in oesophagus. 
Great unquenchable thirst is a prominent symptom. 
"Sore pain from pit of the stomach to region of liver, with 
qualmishness, nausea, and vomiting of green bilious matter."- 
Neidhard. 
Very severe headache, with difficult deglutition, nausea, and 
bilious vomiting, with cold, clammy skin. 
Vomiting of blood, and green bilious matter. 
Violent vomiting every time he eats. 
Can not bear tight clothing over the stomach or liver. 
Burning distress in the region of the liver. CROTALUS HORRIDUS. 
359 
Involuntary stools, of mucus, bile, and blood. 
Stools of mucus and blood, with severe tenesmus. 
Copious hemorrhages from the rectum, with typhoid symp- 
toms, tympanitis, and excessive prostration. 
Abdomen swollen, with inflammation of the viscera. 
Kidneys.-Urine high colored, red, yellow as in jaundice; or, 
• suppression of urine. 
Hemorrhage from the urethra. 
Albuminuria from fatty degeneration of the kidney. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too soon, too copious, with 
great prostration. 
Profuse menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. 
Puerperal septicaemia, with uterine hemorrhages, tympanitis, 
and typhoid symptoms, with great prostration, and indifferent to 
all around her. 
Respiratory Organs.-Hoarseness and weak voice. 
Oppression of the chest, with spasms of the throat. 
Hydrothorax, with great difficulty in breathing. 
Tightness of the chest as if the lungs would not expand, with 
great thirst. 
Palpitation of the heart, with dyspnoea. 
Larynx very painful to the touch, feeling as if bruised. 
"Typhoid pneumonia, from septicaemia."-Hg. 
Fever.-Haematic fevers of a typhoid type and very fatal in 
character. The relaxation and depression of the vital powers are 
most profound; the muscles tremble. The symptoms of yellow 
fever are completely portrayed. The countenance has a drunken, 
bloated look; severe frontal headache, bleeding of the gums; exces- 
sive thirst, violent vomiting of bile and blood ; excessive jaundice ; 
involuntary stool, with tympanitis, suppression of urine ; exces- 
sive pain in the small of the back ; excessively high temperature, 
and great prostration. The foregoing have been cured time and 
time again with Crotalus. The excessive pain in the small of the 
back, and legs, is one of the prominent keys for the use of this 
remedy. 
In malignant scarlet fever, carbuncle, and all diseases where 
blood-poisoning is a marked symptom, Crotalus should be studied. 
Skin.-Skin covered with yellow spots, or excessive jaundice. 
Oozing of blood from the pores of the skin. 
JBlisters and livid spots, filled with bloody ichor. 360 
CROTON TIGLIUM. 
Gangrene in any part of the body. 
Erysipelatous inflammation, the skin covered with blotches. 
Malignant inflammation of the cellular tissue. 
The whole body swollen. 
General anasarca, with much debility. 
Old cicatrices break open again. 
Blisters and livid spots on the body, with fainting fits. 
Acts on fat people better than on lean, and on white people 
better than on colored. 
Aggravation.-Morning and night. 
Amelioration.-From walking in open air. 
CROTON TIGLIUM. 
Croton Oil. 
Habitat: East India, etc. Tincture of the dried seed. Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Rhus tox., Cantharis. Decoction of Tansy, locally. 
Through the abdominal sympathetic nervous system, Croton Oil has 
five special centers of action : 
I. Gastro-Intestinal C. Most Violent Hydragogue Cathartic. 
II. Mucous Membranes. (Intestinal.) Violent Inflammation. 
III. Pneumogastric Nerve. Nausea and Violent Vomiting. 
IV. Liver. Hepatic Stimulant; Bile Increased. 
V. Skin. (Locally.) Eczema; Vesicular and Pustular. 
Abdominal Mucous Membrane.- Croton oil is the most 
powerful hydragogue cathartic known. If one or two drops be 
placed on the tongue, by its action through the abdominal sym- 
pathetic, the watery part of the blood is poured out into the in- 
testinal tract, causing copious watery stools in less than an hour. 
Dr. Bartholow says: "The mucous membrane is violently 
attacked by Croton oil. In the fauces, it causes an intensely acrid 
sensation, and increases the flow of saliva. A sense of heat, pain, 
and nausea, is produced when the Oil is received into the stom- 
ach ; tormina soon follows, and in an hour or two, watery stools, CROTON TIGLIUM. 
361 
with some burning and irritation about the anus. The action of 
the Oil continues during the succeeding twelve or twenty-four 
hours, numerous fluid dejections are passed, and considerable 
debility is the result. When large doses are taken, if not rejected 
promptly by vomiting, violent hypercatharsis occurs with great 
prostration and collapse. Fortunately, when very large doses are 
taken, vomiting quickly ensues; and hence very large quantities 
have been taken without producing a fatal result. The lesions 
caused by Croton oil are those of gastro-enteritis; but fatal cases 
have occurred, with all the objective phenomena of choleraic col- 
lapse, without any evidence of local inflammation." 
"The action of Croton oil upon dogs is very speedy and 
decided. Conwell found that a single drop given to a dog pro- 
duced a discharge from the bowels within forty minutes; twelve 
drops caused vomiting; and, on the animal being sacrificed, the 
whole intestinal canal was found inflamed. Five drops injected 
into a vein produced vomiting, purging, debility, and in two hours 
death. The gastro-intestinal mucous membrane was highly 
inflamed. . . . 
"According to Fossati, one-half to one drop will produce fifteen 
or twenty stools, and that 'without the least disturbance or pain.' 
It is seldom that such marked effects are observed from so small 
a dose. In general, a drop, given in emulsion or in pill, pro- 
duces more or less of an acrid and burning sensation in the fau- 
ces and oesophagus, and warmth of the stomach, with nausea, and 
sometimes vomiting. In the course of an hour or two, some 
gurgling or light colic is perceived in the bowels, followed some- 
what suddenly by a watery stool which produces tenesmus and 
heat about the anus. Within twenty-four hours, eight or ten 
more stools follow; but there is little general disturbance of the 
economy further than considerable weakness."-Stille. 
w 
Pneumogastric Nerve.-Croton oil has quite an action upon 
the vagi, shown by the vomiting in the majority of cases of 
poisoning. "A little girl six years old took three grammes,-about 
forty-six grains,-mixed with milk and coffee. She experienced 
some irritation in the fauces at the time, and, soon afterward, 
acute pain in the stomach, with violent and profuse vomiting, 
which lasted for three-quarters of an hour. No evil consequences 
whatever ensued. It probably acts as an irritant to the filaments 
of the vagi distributed to the stomach, and in that way causes the 
vomiting. "-Stille. 
Vver.-"Rohrig found that Croton oil stimulated the hepatic 
function, and increased the f!o^'nf bile. Padzieiewskf found pep- 362 
CROTON TIGLIUM. 
tones, bile, glycogen, leucine, and torosine, in the stools. Ruther- 
ford and Vignal have since shown that Croton oil, although it 
causes great vascular dilatation of the vessels of the intestinal 
mucous membrane, can not be regarded as a cholagogue."- 
Bartholow. 
In toxic doses, Croton oil seems to act upon the cerebro-spinal 
system; but I believe this effect to be mostly sympathetic from 
the great and specific action upon the abdominal cavity. The 
symptoms are : Oppression and uneasiness of the epigastrium, 
general restlessness, violent palpitation of the heart, headache, 
confusion of ideas, flushes of heat; or, the features sunken, 
tongue pale and moist, pulse thready and irregular, skin bathed 
in cold sweat; collapse and death. 
Skin.-The local effects, Hebra says, completely resemble 
eczema. "Rubbed upon the skin, it brings out after a few hours, 
an eruption of minute red pimples, which are always more numer- 
ous in proportion to the delicacy and vascularity of the skin, and 
which are gradually converted into pustules. Some of these have 
the flattened and umbilicated aspect of the variolous or the Tar- 
ter emetic eruption, but the greater number are acuminated or 
rounded. Many of them are apt to be continent. They are sur- 
rounded by a red areola, and accompanied with a more or less 
severe burning pain and itching. The eruption augments for three 
or four days, and then remains stationary. Somewhat later, the 
pustules break, in part, and form scabs, and in part wither away. 
If they are numerous and large, they become confluent, and form 
thick, extensive crusts. Between the sixth and twelfth days, they 
separate, and leave no cicatrix behind them.''(Stille.) As to there 
being a cicatrix left, Bartholow' says, that, in many subjects, per- 
manent small white cicatrices mark the site of the eruption. 
All subjects are not equally susceptible to the vesicating action 
of Croton oil. 
As a counter-irritant in cerebral and lung diseases, the Allo- 
pathic school have great confidence in its external use, and think 
it about specific for sciatica and spinal neuralgia, giving it a pref- 
erence over all other counter-irritants. It is applied by means of 
a feather, and friction made with a rag until the skin becomes dry. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Diarrhoea; stools are copious, watery, and escape from the 
bowels suddenly, as if shot out of a gun, with much prostration. 
Especially in the summer. CROTON TIGLIUM. 
363 
Bell says that three highly characteristic symptoms of Croton 
oil are, yellow, watery stool, sudden expulsion, and aggravation 
from drink and food. 
Yellow, watery, greenish, and painless stools, with dry lips, 
nausea, and great faintness. 
"Colic and diarrhoea immediately after nursing."-G. 
"Bowels move with a spasmodic burst or jerk, coming out like 
a shot."-G. 
Abdomen much distended with gas. 
"Cholera infantum; teething children; excessive nausea and 
frequent stools, of green or yellow water."-Dr. A. E. Small. 
Watery, profuse, excoriating diarrhoea in infants. 
Flatulent, watery, urgent diarrhoea; great gurgling and colic 
pains about the umbilicus, with much prostration. 
Mucous stools, with great burning in the anus after stool. 
Skin.-Vesicles on the skin, with a yellow plastic exudation 
that burns like fire. 
Bed vesicles on the skin that burn like fire. No drug causes 
such intolerable itching and violent burning of the skin; aggra- 
vated by contact; relieved by slight friction. 
"The rapid and permanent manner in which Croton oil often 
relieves the itching attendant upon eczema, is one of the prettiest 
things in medicine."-Hughes. 
Urticaria of the skin of the abdomen. 
Eyes,-Pustular conjunctivitis and keratitis, with violent 
burning pains and marked photophobia. 
Injected state of the vessels of the conjunctiva, sclera, and 
eyelids; profuse lachrymation, violent pains at night. 
Chest.-Drawing pain through the left pectoral region into 
the back. 
Every time the child nurses, it causes a severe pain, running 
through from the nipple to the back. 
Vesicular erysipelas, with much itching, especially of the 
genitals. 
Feeling as though the lungs could not be expanded, with burn- 
ing stitches in the chest and scapulae. 
Laryngeal catarrh ; voice hoarse, hollow; breathing labored. 
Hard, frequent cough ; sputa yellow, expelled with difficulty. 364 
CUPRUM. 
(Sexual Organs, Male.-Intense itching of the genitals, 
relieved by slight scratching; vesicular and pustular eruption 
on the scrotum and penis; irritation and erections. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too scanty, with much 
itching and swelling of the vulva; palpitation of the heart. 
Aggravation.-Mornings, while at rest. 
Amelioration.-During a walk. 
CUPRUM. 
Copper. 
An element. Found in Europe, Asia, America, etc. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Albumen and Milk, Bell., Ipec., Nux vom., Cocc., Sulph. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Cuprum has six spe- 
cial centers of action: 
I. Digestive Organs. Violent Gastro-Enteritis. 
II. Pneumogastric N. Violent Emesis; Convulsive Respirat'n. 
III. Liver. Jaundice; Fatty Degeneration. 
IV. Kidneys. Albuminuria; Suppression of Urine. 
V. Cerebro-Spinal System. Cramps; Convulsions; Paralysis. 
VI. Circula'n. Lessened Blood Pressure; Vaso-Motor Paralysis. 
Digestive Organs.-Gastroenteritis of a most violent kind is 
the most prominent effect of Cuprum. Copper lias "a styptic, 
metallic taste, and causes burning and constriction of the throat, 
increased flow of saliva, burning pain in the epigastrium, with 
griping and colic pain of the intestines, nausea and vomiting. 
The vomited matters have usually a bluish or greenish color; and 
the intestinal evacuations, which begin in a few minutes after the 
poison has been swallowed, are dark, greenish, and frequently 
bloody. When inhaled, the symptoms first observed are 
those of bronchial irritation and bronchial catarrh. Internally 
administered, a gastro-intestinal catarrh is produced, epigastric 
pain is experienced, nausea, vomiting, colic, tenesmus, and dys- CUPRUM. 
365 
enteric discharges, and complete anorexia occur. The loss of 
appetite, and the interference with digestion, as well as the injury 
done to the red blood-globules, impair the strength, and increase 
the waste of the tissues. A purplish line along the margin of the 
gums has been observed; salivation, and ulceration of the gums, 
not unfrequently occur, and occasionally jaundice is present."- 
Bartholow. 
Stille says, that toxic doses produce "headache, insensibility, 
convulsions, tetanus, contracted features, small pulse, cold skin, 
colic, vomiting, which is generally violent, sometimes suppression 
of urine, and occasionally jaundice. Recovery is usually rapid 
and complete. Sometimes, but rarely, there remains for several 
weeks a liability to vomiting, with colic and diarrhoea, extreme 
debility and more or less emaciation. There is a form of enteritis 
marked by diarrhoea, tenderness of the abdomen, vomiting, and 
sometimes bloody stools, which is produced by emanations of Cop- 
per and by the ingestion of its salts, especially the Acetate, the 
Sulphate not producing it." 
Pneuinogastric Nerve.-Five to fifteen grains given as an 
emetic, acts with great celerity, leaving no nausea or malaise be- 
hind it. Clarus regards it as acting less upon the mucous coat of 
the stomach than upon the vagi. The violent dyspnoea and con- 
vulsive breathing, and finally complete failure of respiration, all 
go to show its marked influence upon the pneumogastric. 
Liver.-The jaundice so often produced by Copper is not yet 
fully accounted for. "Bournevette and Yvon found two hundred 
and ninety-five milligrammes of metallic Copper in the liver of a 
woman who had taken the Ammoniacal Sulphate three months 
previously. Minute quantities of Copper exist in the normal 
human body."-Wood's Therapeutics. 
Copper tends to accumulate in the liver, like all other metallic 
poisons ; and it has produced granular liver in rabbits. 
Kidneys.-Suppression of urine is often produced by Copper. 
The Central Homoeopathic Society of Germany, produced in 
two rabbits, by subcutaneous injections of Copper, scanty and 
albuminous urine; and the kidneys were found after death with 
their tubes full of shed and degenerated epithelium. The left 
ventricle of the heart was much hypertrophied, and the liver 
granular. 366 
CUPRUM. 
Post-Mortem Appearances.-Intense inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the stomach, often extending along the 
duodenum and upper part of the small intestines. In some cases, 
ulceration and sloughing of the bowels have been found, and even 
perforation of the peritoneum. If the Sulphate has been taken, 
the blue or green colox of the coating formed upon the mucous 
membranes is quite characteristic. In a few instances, Copper 
has produced a mummified condition of the victim's body. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-In many cases of poisoning, the 
nervous centers sympathize in a very marked degree, as shown by 
the headache, convulsions, tetanus, insensibility, muscular trem- 
bling, altered sensations, defects of co-ordination, and paresis of 
the limbs. Prof. Falck found that the Sulphate of Copper acts 
upon pigeons, dogs, rabbits, etc., as an irritant neurotic poison, 
producing great depression of temperature, with progressive gen- 
eral paresis ending in death, apparently from failure of respira- 
tion. 
Hughes says: "The cramps mentioned by Pereira are espe- 
cially characteristic of the action of Cuprum. We have seen an 
instance of them in its colic; and you have only to read a few 
cases of poisoning by it to observe how readily they are induced 
elsewhere under its action. They may be local or general, clonic 
or tonic; they may be simple trembling, or go on to violent con- 
vulsions. Sometimes they occur in the air-tubes, causing very 
intense dyspnoea, with laryngeal and bronchial spasm." 
The first or primary effect of-Copper is upon the alimentary 
canal, and secondarily upon the nervous centers. 
Pathology: Hyperaemia of the meninges of the brain and 
spine has been noted. 
Heart.-Falck and others found that it exerted a powerful 
action upon the heart, producing death by paralysis of this organ. 
Elimination.-By the intestinal canal, liver, salivary glands, 
and kidneys. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Cuprum is adapted to neurotic and gastro-intestinal diseases, 
and acts better in light-haired people. 
Digestive Organs.-Strong metallic taste. 
"Rough of the mouth always red."-Raue. 
Tongue red, dry, and rough, or coated white, yellow, or brown. CUPRUM. 
367 
"Gurgling noise of the drink when passing down the oesopha- 
Spasms, with nausea and violent vomiting of frothy mucus. 
Sensation as if something bitter was in the stomach. 
Nausea, and violent vomiting, with cramps in the stomach 
and extremities, with violent diarrhoea ; green, slimy stools. 
Drinking cold water relieves the vomiting. 
Deathly feeling, with pain in the stomach; choleraic disease. 
Sensation as if something bitter was in the stomach. 
Abdomen and Stools.-Watery, involuntary diarrhoea, with 
violent cramps of the involuntary muscles. (Very characteristic.) 
"Stools black, copious, and painful, or bloody with tenesmus 
and weakness."-Hale. 
Violent colic, with great anxiety; the pain in the stomach 
is intense. 
Watery, fecal, and mucous diarrhoea; restless tossing about 
and constant uneasiness; abdomen very tender on pressure. 
"Choleraic diarrhoea, where the spasms and cramps are the 
predominant symptoms, affecting the voluntary muscles. 
Cholera, second stage, with clonic spasms, and collapse. 
"Violent spasms in the abdomen, and upper and lowrer limbs, 
with distressing screams."-Jlr/. 
"Spasmodic movements of the abdominal muscles."-Hg. 
"Diarrhoea; profuse, squirting out, with much wind passing, 
or flocculent, whey-like fluid."-Hg. 
Cholera infantum, with brain symptoms, and the enteric 
symptoms not so marked; clonic convulsions begin in the hands 
and feet; mind normal, except during the spasm. 
Ascites, from hepatic disease. 
Urinary Organs.-Dark red urine, or complete suppression 
of urine. In choleraic diseases. 
Acid urine; a reddish sediment adheres to the vessel. 
Uraemia, eclamptic form, dyspnoea, talkative delirium; exten- 
sor muscles most prominently affected. 
Albuminuria from fatty degeneration of the kidneys. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early, and too profuse; 
blood black, clotted, and stringy. 
Scanty, irregular menstruation ; severe and painful. 
Chlorosis ; torpid cases ; much anaemia and great debility. 
Ulceration of the os. (Applied locally.) 368 
CUPRUM. 
Head.-"Paralysis of the brain when caused by a process of 
metaschematismus, an irritation of the cerebral substance having 
been superinduced by the sudden retrocession of some acute 
eruption, or some other disorder that required Copper at first."- 
Hempel. 
"Metastasis of the eruption (of scarlatina) to the brain, with 
vomiting and spasms."-F. 
"Cerebral symptoms which result from the retrocession of any 
of the acute exanthemata, or from difficult dentition in children, 
not active enough for Belladonna."-Dr. G. Schmidt. 
Convulsions, with fearful cries; the head is moved from one 
side to another ; aggravated by contact. 
Cold face, blue lips, and coldness all over. 
"Epilepsy; the convulsions are extremely violent, with pale 
face; mind nearly gone."-W. Bayes, M. D. 
Vertigo, with tendency to fall forward. 
Congestion of blood to the brain; irritable, or sad and indif- 
ferent, with spasms of the extremities. 
Eyes.-Eyes red and inflamed; granular lids. 
In catarrhal and purulent conjunctivitis, it is of great value, 
applied locally in solution of from one to two grains of the Sul- 
phate to an ounce of w7ater. Two drops may be instilled into the 
eye from two to four times a day, or once a day; or, the smooth 
crystal may be applied to the conjunctiva. 
Respiratory Organs.-Sudden attacks of dyspnoea unto suf- 
focation. 
"Long-continued paroxysms of convulsive coughing, with 
vomiting of mucus ; blue face and lips."-G. 
"Whooping-cough in long, continuous attacks, causing suffo- 
cative fits; one swallow of cold water relieves."-Lippe. 
Prolonged laryngismus stridulus. 
In pure nervous asthma, Dr. Russel says there is no medicine 
like it. Dyspnoea; short, superficial, quick respirations, come on 
suddenly and leave suddenly. 
Dry, hoarse, suffocative, spasmodic cough; worse nights. 
Dr. Bayes has seen fine results with the 6th in fatty degener- 
ation of the heart, with slow pulse and feeble muscular action of 
the heart. In some cases with severe angina pectoris. 
Pulse very changeable, small and thready. 
Skin.-"Next to Sulphur, and in some cases beyond Sulphur, 
Cuprum is curative in itch. Inveterate itch yields to an ointment CUPRUM. 
369 
of from 5 to 10 grains of the Sulphate to the ounce of lard, 
applied locally."-Dr. Bayes. 
Indolent ulcers with flabby granulations, and herpes circin- 
atus. 
Generalities.-Nervous trembling; great prostration; rest- 
lessness driving out of bed. 
Contractions of muscles and tendons, especially of the legs. 
Flushes of heat, and burning of the soles of the feet. 
Foot-sweat, also suppressed foot-sweat. 
Debilitating, exhausting internal heat. 
Weariness of long duration. 
Cramps in the legs and feet, with great restlessness. 
"Cuprum convulsions start from the utmost ends of the per- 
ipheral nerves (fingers and toes), and progress toward the nerve 
centers."-S'. Lilienthal, M. D. 
Constitutional Syphilis.-"Drs. Martin and Oberlin gave a 
brief report upon this subject ata late meeting of the Paris Acad- 
emy Of Medicine. The authors treated fifty patients, who showed ' 
various manifestations of syphilis, by the Copper Sulphate. The 
results were quite satisfactory, the fifty patients all being cured. 
A comparison of this method was made with the ordinary Mercury 
methods, and it was found that the Copper salt proved more effi- 
cacious and required less time for its beneficial action than 
did the Mercury salts. The Copper was also well borne by most 
patients ; in only one case it produced initial vomiting, followed, 
however, by permanent tolerance of the drug. In a case of very 
grave syphilis, where Mercury had proved useless, the adminis- 
tration of Copper effected a rapid and complete cure. In a few 
cases, the gums became affected, a greenish tint appearing at 
their free border. But this Cupric gingivitis yielded more rapidly 
than the analogous Mercurial affection ordinarily does. Actual 
sponginess of the gums was not observed. The salt was exhibited 
by the mouth in doses of gr. 1-16 to gr. 1-6 per day. An aqueous 
solution was employed. External application was also made by 
adding five drachms of the salt to a full bath."-Gaz. Med. de 
Paris, April 10, 1880. 
Aggravation.-By contact; vomiting; at night, and before 
menstruation. 
Amelioration.-By drinking cold water; perspiring, and mes- 
merism. 370 
DIGITALIS PURPUREA. 
DIGITALIS PURPUREA. 
Purple Foxglove. 
Habitat: Europe, etc. Tincture of the green leaves just before inflorescence, Class I. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Nux vom., Op., Ether, Acids, Sweet Milk with Galls. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Digitalis has eleven special cen- 
ters of action: 
I. Heart. Musculo-Motor Stimult; Irregular, Firm Contract'n. 
II. Arteries. Vaso-M. Stimulant; Firm Arterial Contractions. 
III. Vagi. Paralysis to Terminal Twigs; Emesis; Congestion. 
IV. Kidneys. Increased Blood-Pressure; Diuresis. 
V. Stomach and Colon. Congestion; Inflammation. 
VI. Liver. Portal Congestion; Jaundice. (Glands.) Salivation. 
VII. Sex. Organs. (1) Stimulation. (2) Profound Prostration. 
VIII. Brain. Congestion, Delirium, Coma. 
IX. Eyes. Mydriasis, Chromatopsia. (Glands.) Inflamed. 
X. Cord. Complete Loss of Reflex Function ; Paralysis. 
XI. Temperature. Greatly Lowered. 
Circulation.-The great central action of this remedy is upon 
the heart and arteries. Upon the musculo-motor portion of the heart, 
through its contained ganglia, it acts as a stimulant. Through 
the vagi, it increases the activity of the inhibitory apparatus; and, 
through the vaso-motor centers in the cord, it causes contraction 
in the arterioles. 
Dr. Nunneley has made numerous experiments upon frogs with 
Digitaline and found the heart was thrown into violent and dis- 
orderly contractions, which quickly end in a cessation of the 
heart's movement. He says: 
"1. The first visible effects on the heart occur a short time 
after the injection of a moderate dose under the skin of a frog, 
and consist in a diminished range of the heart's movements, while 
the organ itself appears somewhat shrunken. The most marked 
alteration, however, is a certain embarrassment and want of 
smoothness in the contractions, as if the separate muscular fibers DIGITALIS PURPUREA. 
371 
acted with undue energy, but in an irregular manner, or as if 
there was a want of co-ordination in the contractions of the indi- 
vidual fibers. 
"2. The heart does not contract with greater frequency after a 
dose of Digitaline, and no change at all occurs in this respect un- 
til its action becomes embarrassed, when the frequency of pul- 
sation is diminished, and does not again increase. 
"3. The ventricular systole is lengthened; but it presents a 
very different appearance from the systole in health. The ven- 
tricle seems no longer to act as a single large muscle, but as if 
made up of numerous small ones, which contract energetically, 
but in an irregular and disorderly way; hence, there are projected 
bundles of contracted muscular fibers, which give the ventricle a 
rough and uneven surface, and an irregular outline. During the 
diastole, the ventricle does not everywhere assume a red color, 
but one or more red spots appear, as if the ventricle was so tightly 
compressed that only a small quantity of blood could enter by 
chance. Sometimes a red spot is elevated a little above the gen- 
eral surface, forming a kind of pouch. The spots become smaller 
and smaller, until at last the ventricle is left very pale, strongly 
contracted, and motionless, while the auricles are distended with 
blood. This state lasts from half a minute to one minute and a 
half, and the frog has paroxysmal gasping movements, with 
urgent dyspnoea, similar to the human being, where the cardiac 
dyspnoea occurs in fits."-Ringer. 
Stille says : "Dr. John Moore early demonstrated the want of 
uniformity in the action of Digitalis on the pulse. By doses of 
one and a half grains, he caused his pulse to fall from 70 to 60 in 
two hours ; from 60 to 50 in one hour and twenty minutes ; from 
66 to 58 in two hours and a quarter; and from 90 to 70 in about 
the same time. But, in several other experiments, there was no 
depression of the pulse; and in some it positively increased in 
frequency, while the experimenter suffered vertigo, confusion of 
mind, fullness of the head, drowsiness, salivation, nausea, diar- 
rhoea, etc. By more than two thousand trials of its influence 
upon twenty-nine healthy persons, Saunders was led to the con- 
clusion that the direct effect of small doses of the drug is to 
increase the strength and frequency of the pulse, and even to 
develop an inflammatory state of the system; yet, when once these 
effects were produced, if the dose was augmented, or continued 
at the previous dose, an astonishing slowness of the pulse and 
debility ensued. These results were corroborated by observation 
upon the sick, which showed, that, during the primary action of 372 
DIGITALIS PURPUREA. 
the medicine, sores begin to heal, effusions are removed, and all 
the functions of the body are invigorated, the pulse gaining by 
degrees in strength and fullness until fever is excited, when the 
toxical phenomena display themselves, and the whole system is 
prostrated and deranged. About the same time Kinglake de- 
fended the same doctrine, denouncing the error of ascribing the 
diminished frequency of the pulse to debility of the heart pro- 
duced by Digitalis. On the contrary, he maintained this slow- 
ness of the pulse is of the same tonic nature as that occasioned 
by Cinchona, by Opium, by wine, by nutritious food, refreshing 
sleep, tranquillity of mind, etc. Under all these circumstances, 
the pulse is not weaker because it is slower; on the contrary, the 
action of the heart and arteries being strengthened, their diastole 
is fuller and their systole stronger. Hence it may be concluded 
that Digitalis, in rendering the pulse slower, acts as a stimulant, and 
that it cures diseases due to debility by augmenting the motive 
power of the circulation. The bold experiments of Hutchinson 
illustrate in a striking manner the opposite action of Digitalis. 
They consist of three series. In the first of them, 60 drops of a 
tincture were taken (equal to five grains of the dried leaves), and the 
dose was repeated at intervals of six hours. Every day the quan- 
tity was increased, so that at the end of the third, it reached 380 
drops for that day. The symptoms were chiefly these : Nausea, 
vomiting, craving for food ; followed by pain in the stomach, sali- 
vation, diarrhoea, increased discharge of urine, unusual activity 
of mind, sleeplessness, some constriction of the head, and excite- 
ment bordering oh delirium. These symptoms were followed by 
weariness, listlessness, and almost stupor. The pulse on the first 
day, became fuller and more frequent, rose to 100, second to 125, 
and the third day to 150, after which, and coincident with the 
symptoms of prostration, it fell to 60. The experimenter was con- 
fined to his bed for a fortnight; nor did he entirely recover for 
two months. Some time afterward the experiments were resumed, 
but with smaller doses; yet, by the end of a month, the daily 
dose of 2,220 drops was reached. The same symptoms as before 
occurred, but the pulse, which was at 80 when the experiments 
began, did not rise beyond 100, and retained its strength and full- 
ness. In walking, it was faster twenty beats a minute than in a 
recumbent posture. Within three days after the conclusion of 
the experiments, it fell to 60 and was readily excited. The third 
series of experiments lasted sixteen days, the daily dose being 
gradually raised from 36 to 1,300 drops. When the dose reached 
219 drops, the characteristic symptoms began to appear; but now DIGITALIS PURPUREA. 
373 
the pulse, instead of growing more frequent, fell gradually from 
80 to 60, 50, 46, and at last 28. Until it reached the last-men- 
tioned rate it continued strong and full; but at this point it 
became irregular and unequal." 
Dr. C. D. F. Phillips says: "1. It is admitted on all hands 
that Digitalis is a cardiac poison; given in large doses, it brings 
the heart to a standstill. 
"2. In doses which just fall short of a fatal effect, Digitalis 
produces fainting, diarrhoea, nausea, and vomiting, and irregular- 
ity of the heart's action. 
"3. In still smaller doses, the heart's pulsation is much 
reduced in frequency, and the arterial blood-pressure is remark- 
ably raised. 
"4. Doses large enough to slow the heart's action usually 
reduce the temperature. 
"Concerning the manner in which these effects are produced, 
there is, however, diversity of opinion. Traube put forward the 
theory that the action of Digitalis on the heart takes place 
through the medium of the vagus. This is at first stimulated, 
and exercises increased inhibitory action on the heart, reducing 
the number of its beats; after a time, however (with large or 
repeated doses), there is vagus-exhaustion, the result of which is 
fluttering, rapid, and irregular cardiac action. It is evident, 
nevertheless, that the slowing action of Digitalis is not exerted 
through the vagus center, since it is manifested in animals in 
which the trunks of the vagi have previously been divided; and 
on this ground, chiefly, certain authors have denied its action on 
the vagus altogether. Yet, it can hardly be disputed that Digitalis 
acts on the vagus, though only on its peripheral cardiac branches ; 
for, when Atropine (which has the power to paralyze the vagus 
down to its very terminal twigs) has been previously adminis- 
tered to an animal, it is found that Digitalis fails to slow the 
heart. Such is the argument of Traube, though disputed by 
various writers. The theory of direct stimulation of the cardiac 
ganglia giving rise to increased propulsive action of the heart and 
overcoming the resistance of the inhibitory vagus branches, was 
put forward by Dybkowsky and Pelikan, supported by Handfield 
Jones and Fuller, and accepted by Fothergill. And the experi- 
ments of Eulenberg and Ehrenhaus, who plunged the separated, 
but still pulsating, hearts of frogs into a solution of Digitaline, 
and observed strengthening of the contractions, and reduction of 
the frequency of the beats, are considered by Ringer to prove 
that the effect of Digitalis is not due to any action on the pneu- 374 
DIGITALIS PURPUREA. 
mogastric nerve. One of the most recent writers on Digitalis, 
Prof. Ackermann, supports the theory of Traube; and, indeed, 
it is difficult to see how the evidence afforded by the experiment of 
Bezold and Bloebaum with Atropine can be set aside. Grant- 
ing, however, that there is no action on the vagus, and that the 
primary excitement and subsequent exhaustion of the vagus ter- 
minals account, in part, for the slowing and subsequent irregular- 
ity of the heart's action, there is no particular reason for denying 
the possibility of a simultaneous stimulation of the cardiac 
ganglia. There is, moreover, a considerable body of evidence 
tending to show that the muscular walls of the ventricles pass 
gradually into a tetanized condition, and are found so after 
death. 
"One of the most indisputable facts respecting the action of 
Digitalis, is the remarkable increase of blood-pressure which 
it occasions in the arteries. Of this fact, again, different expla- 
nations are possible. Nearly all experimenters admit that 
Digitalis produces contraction of the capillaries of the smaller 
arterioles, when taken into the general circulation; and this 
in itself would undoubtedly heighten the arterial pressure. But, 
on the other hand, the blood-pressure may be heightened by 
increased force of the cardiac contractions ; and the observation 
of Meyer, that there is a continuous rise in the pressure up 
to a point almost immediately before death, when it suddenly 
falls to zero, has been made by Dybkowsky one of the chief 
arguments for the direct stimulation of the cardiac ganglia. 
"As for the contraction of the small arteries, this is believed 
by Traube and Bomen to depend on excitation of the vaso-motor 
center in the medulla oblongata; but Ackermann discredits this 
idea, and holds that the contraction is due to direct action on the 
peripheral ends of the vaso-motor nerves, or even on the muscular 
coats of the arteries themselves." 
"The researches of M. Claude Bernard show that Digitalis 
is one of the poisons which act directly upon the muscular tissue, 
paralyzing and killing it. It affects that portion of muscular 
tissue which constitutes the heart earlier than any other, so that, 
in cold-blooded animals (as frogs), the heart's action may cease 
for four hours before general death ensues, there being thus a 
dead heart in a living body. Rigor mortis sets in exceedingly 
early; and, on opening the thorax immediately after death, the 
heart is found contracted, rigid, motionless, and totally empty. 
A farther examination discloses remarkable chemical and elec- 
trical changes in the heart and other muscles. The muscular DIGITALIS PURPUREA. 
375 
juice is acid instead of alkaline, and the external surface is 
electrically negative instead of the normally positive. The imme- 
diate cause of this phenomenon has been shown to be the change 
of the muscular juice from alkaline to acid; and this very change 
is involved in the destructive action of the drug upon the integrity 
of the muscular tissue."-Hughes. 
Pneumogastric Nerve.-"The sickness excited by Digitalis is 
extremely different from that occasioned by almost every other 
medicine. It is peculiarly distressing to the patient; it ceases, 
and returns again as violently as before; and thus it will con- 
tinue to recur for three or four days, at more and more distant 
intervals. These sufferings are generally rewarded by a return of 
appetite much greater than existed before the medicine was 
taken. Lettsom says the sickness it produces is very like the 
effects of tobacco, and resembles sea-sickness. A languor is 
diffused throughout the whole system; the extremities, the hands 
particularly, become moist and clammy, and feel cold to the 
touch; there is a confused aching and heaviness of the head; 
flashes of light frequently pass before the eyes, or almost all 
objects appear brilliant; and sometimes, after these symptoms 
pass off, the sight remains impaired for several weeks."-Stille. 
Digitalis not only acts upon the central origin of the vagus, 
but paralyzes it down to its very terminal twigs; but its emetic 
action, that is so prominent among the effects of this poison, 
is caused by its influence upon the base of the vagus in the 
medulla oblongata. The paralytic action of Digitalis upon the 
vagi is also shown in the lungs by passive congestion, and by the 
bronchial mucous membrane becoming loaded with mucus, pro- 
ducing a loose, rattling cough, with an abundance of mucous 
expectoration, dyspnoea, etc. 
Urinary Organs.-The influence of Digitalis upon the urin- 
ary secretion in health and disease, has been carefully studied by 
numerous observers; and, though not yet fully settled, about all 
agree that in health it acts as a mild diuretic, by increasing the 
arterial blood-pressure in the kidneys and acting especially on the 
Malpighian bodies. Dr. Ringer says: "Digitalis is a diuretic, 
acting directly on the kidneys, as well as indirectly through its 
influence on the heart, and is therefore useful in some cases of 
Bright's disease. When it lessens the cardiac disease, its diu- 
retic effects are astonishing. I have been led to believe that the 
diuretic action of Digitalis is limited by dropsy; for, when the 376 
DIGITALIS PURPUREA. 
dropsy disappears, the remedy no longer causes an increased se- 
cretion of urine. 
"How does Digitalis in certain heart diseases cause so great 
an increase in the quantity of urine? First, it removes those 
kidney conditions secondary to the heart disease, which diminish 
the kidney function, when the unburdened organ acts as in health 
arid secretes a natural quantity. But, in the cases now referred 
to, we find the urine increased, from perhaps half a pint to three, 
four, or even eight pints daily. Is this excess of urine due to the 
direct action of Digitalis on the kidneys? Were this the true ex- 
planation, then this excessive secretion should continue as long 
as the Digitalis is administered; but we find, as I have said, that, 
when the dropsy has disappeared, the kidneys no longer secrete 
in excess. The copious flow of urine must be explained by the 
fact that Digitalis, by relieving the heart, checks the conditions 
that produce dropsy, when the dropsical fluid returns quickly 
into the circulation, and the kidneys eliminate the 'excessive 
quantity of water in the blood. 
"The separation of the w7ater of the urine is effected chiefly 
through the Malpighian bodies, probably by simple filtration; 
and, therefore, the amount of the secretion depends on the lateral 
pressure in the blood-vessels of the glomeruli. In tricuspid regur- 
gitation, the passage of blood from the arteries to the veins is 
very slow; in fact, it partially stagnates. The blood, on reaching 
the glomeruli, loses much of its water by pressure; but, having 
reached a certain degree of concentration, the further separation 
of water is much slower. In order to get a rapid filtration Of wa- 
ter through the Malpighian bodies, it is necessary not only that 
there should be high arterial pressure, but also a rapid flow of 
blood. It appears to me, that, in venous engorgement, we have 
both high lateral pressure and a slow flow of blood, and that Digi- 
talis acts by removing (venous) congestion, and allowing a free 
circulation through he kidneys." 
Through its vaso-motor stimulation, the circulation is greatly 
increased; and this increases the kidney blood-pressure, and 
causes rapid elimination of the dropsical effusions. Digitalis 
also greatly diminishes the amount of urea, the chlorides, phos- 
phoric acid, and sulphuric acid. In some rare instances it has 
produced strangury, with incessant desire to urinate. 
Digestive Organs.-Digitalis produces a copious flow of 
saliva, and salivation; and, by its action on the mucous mem- 
brane of the stomach and descending colon, it produces conges- DIGITALIS PURPUREA. 
377 
tion and inflammation, with nausea, vomiting, colic, and watery, 
mucous stools; but the characteristic stool of Digitalis is white 
and ash colored. This ash-colored or white stool is caused by the 
secretions of the follicles of the colon being vitiated; for it is the 
function of these follicles to color the faeces brown. Digitalis so 
affects the liver as to produce real jaundice. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Small doses excite the male genital 
organs, causing titillation of the glans penis, erections, and semi- 
nal emissions. Large doses produce profound prostration of the 
sexual appetite. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Sense of bearing-down in the pel- 
vis, with energetic muscular contraction of the uterus. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Digitalis produces congestion of 
the brain, with giddiness, headache, delirium; and, in large doses, 
complete coma, with great irritation of the pneumogastric nerve. 
Eyes.-Dimness of sight, great dilatation of the pupil; optical 
phantasms, as sparks flying through the air, chromatopsia, simi- 
lar to Santonine; objects look green, red, or yellow. It has 
proved useful in detachment of the retina, and inflammation of 
the Meibomian glands. 
Spinal Cord.-The reflex functions of the cord are greatly 
lessened. It lowers the sensibility of the motor and sensory 
nerves, and impairs the electro-contractility of the muscles. "In 
toxic doses, it lowers reflex activity, and induces lassitude, pros- 
tration, muscular tremblings, and sometimes convulsions. That 
the muscles themselves are affected, has been proven by the 
researches of Vulpian, Dybkowsky, Pelikan, and of Gourvat; all 
of whom have found that the muscles of frogs poisoned with Digi- 
talis respond more feebly than is normal to galvanic currents. 
The nervous tissue has, however, been found by Gourvat to be 
more susceptible than the muscular, the nerves losing their func- 
tional power sooner and more completely than the muscles."- 
Wood. 
"Dr. A. Weil concludes that Digitalis first lessens reflex 
activity by directly-i. e., independently of its action on the cir- 
culation-exciting the inhibitory reflex centers of Setschenow, and 
after a time by directly paralyzing the spinal cord. The experi- 
ments upon which this conclusion was based are divided into two 
series; in the first of which it was found, that, after small toxic 378 
DIGITALIS PURPUREA. 
doses, great diminution in the reflex activity of the frog was ap- 
parent in from ten to twenty minutes, and continued until the 
death of the batrachian; but that this diminution for from 
twenty-five minutes to an hour was immediately suspended by 
section of the cord high up, the reflex activity returning at once 
to its normal state; that, after large doses, the reflex movements 
were almost abolished in five minutes, and continued until death, 
but at any time during the first ten or twenty could at once be 
restored by section of the upper cord ; that, both after large and 
small toxic doses, a time finally came when division of the cord 
had no power to restore the lost reflex functions."-H. C. Wood. 
Temperature.-Toxic doses of Digitalis greatly lowrer the 
temperature in healthy men and animals. Dr. C. D. Phillips 
says: "Another interesting question concerns the cause of the 
reduction of temperature which is so marked and constant an 
effect of Digitalis. This is probably due to an increased rapidity 
of circulation in the peripheral blood-vessels; for it must not be 
supposed that the slow pulsations of the heart indicate a dimin- 
ished rapidity of the blood-current; on the contrary, their in- 
creased vigor causes the blood to circulate with abnormal swift- 
ness ; this causes increased transpiration, and a large loss of heat 
from the skin." 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
In about all diseases in which Digitalis will be found useful, 
the heart will be more or less involved, accompanied with slow, 
irregular or intermittent pulse, excited by the least movement. 
The least movement produces violent palpitation of the heart; 
intermitting the third, fifth, or seventh beat. 
"A sensation as if the heart would stop beating if she moved, 
with fear of impending death."-Hale. 
Frequent stitches in the region of the heart. 
"Dropsy in organic diseases of the heart, and in anasarca fol- 
lowing scarlatina."-Marcy and Hunt. 
"I have regarded it as a cardiac tonic in disease, because it is 
a cardiac debilitant in health, and have used it accordingly. Sim- 
ple enfeeblement of the muscular walls of the heart has seemed 
to me a very common condition. Vertigo, tendency to syncope, 
breathlessness on exertion, and palpitation find in Digitalis a 
potent and rarely failing remedy. Again, the slow pulse of the 
drug, seized upon by Hahnemann's penetration as the characteiis- DIGITALIS PURPUREA. 
379 
tic feature of its action, has often led to its successful use."-Dr. 
R. Hughes. 
"Cardiac dropsy, which may be extensive. The breathing is 
much distressed in the earlier stages of this condition, only peri- 
odically, and especially at night; and, when this reaches its worst 
stage, the breathing is continually bad, although it becomes par- 
oxysmally worse. The patient can not lie down in bed, and is 
obliged to sit in a chair, with the head either thrown back, or 
more rarely leaning forward on some support. The jugular veins 
are distended, and the face is dusky and livid; the pulse is very 
frequent, feeble, fluttering, and irregular; urine scanty, high 
colored, and deposits copiously on cooling. The heart is seen and 
felt to beat over a too extensive area. Its impulse is sometimes at 
one spot of the chest, and sometimes at another. The impulse is 
undulating, very irregular and intermittent. Physical examina- 
tion shows great dilatation of the left ventricle, with often much 
hypertrophy. A murmur is heard, having the characters of one 
produced by mitral regurgitant disease ; and there may be disease 
of the aortic valves."-Sydney Ringer. 
Just here let me suggest that the fluid extract or a decoction 
is the best form to use in dropsical effusions. 
In cardiac irritability from muscular weakness dependent upon 
exhaustion of the inhibitory nerves, Digitalis is a stimulus to its 
nutrition, and cures it at once. 
Dr. Hale says it is indicated in all the varieties of hypertro- 
phy with dilatation, whatever the cause may be, or in any condi- 
tion of the heart where its muscular power is especially deficient, 
with quick, weak, irregular, or intermittent pulse; increased or 
deficient action of the heart, with deficient force or impulse ; cough, 
haemoptysis, jaundice, alternate scanty and profuse urine, some- 
times albuminous; oedema of the feet, legs, face, and scrotum, 
ending in general anasarca; sighing respiration, with sinking, 
weak feeling at the pit of the stomach, and sometimes vertigo 
with amaurosis. 
Lungs.-For coughs, with profuse, loose purulent expectora- 
tion, it is one of the most useful remedies in the Materia Medica, 
given in the 2d or 3d trituration of the Digitaline. 
Asthma, with much rattling mucus in the lungs; rapid res- 
piration ; compelled to lie perfectly quiet, worse in cold air. 
"Chronic bronchitis, and interstitial pneumonia, with diffi- 
culty in breathing, dilatation of the right cavities of the heart, and 
general anasarca."-Dr. Bartholow. 380 
DIGITALIS PURPUREA. 
In haemoptysis from pulmonary congestion caused by mitral 
regurgitation, it contracts the*arterioles and slows the heart. 
Digestive Organs.-Profuse flow of frothy saliva, stinging in 
the throat between the acts of deglutition. 
"Nausea as if she would die, more in the morning."-G. 
"Motion produces vomiting and great faintness."-G. [Hy- 
drocephalus.] 
"Smell of food excites violent nausea, with clean tongue, thirst 
for water, and absence of fever."-G. 
"Tendency to nausea, without real nausea."-Raue. 
Feeling of goneness in the stomach as if he would die, with 
deathly nausea and vomiting. (Cerebral irritation.) 
Nausea, and vomiting of food and green bilious matter. 
Whitish or ashy-gray stools, or yellowish, filled with mucus. 
General jaundice, with constipation, or ash-colored stools. 
The stools are extremely wdiite in Digitalis cases. 
Urine.-Scanty, thick, turbid, and black. 
Profuse and frequent emission of clear, pale urine. In dropsy. 
Constant desire to urinate, with scanty discharge each time. 
Much brick-dust sediment in the urine. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"No drug diminishes and arrests 
nocturnal emissions with as much promptitude as Digitaline. 
The dose is one grain of the 2d or 3d trituration every morning 
or every third morning. It should not be given in the evening, or 
it may disturb sleep."-Baehr. [I can testify to the great value 
of Digitaline in spermatorrhoea attended with great sadness and 
utter despair.] 
"Nightly emissions, with great weakness of the genitals."-Hg. 
Hydrocele, and general anasarca. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Labor-like pains in the abdomen 
and back before the menses, with cold feet and hands. 
Menorrhagia and metrorrhagia, with irritable heart. 
Sudden flushes during the climacteric. 
Head.-Desponding and fearful; great apprehension of the 
future ; much vertigo when walking. 
Longs to be alone ; tearfulness ; from troubled conscience. 
Lascivious fancies day and night, with nocturnal emissions. 
Vertigo, with trembling and slow or intermittent pulse. 
Bloating and paleness of the face ; cardiac dropsy. 381 
DIGITALIS PURPUREA. 
In delirium tremens, the brain being anaemic, with effusion 
and oedema, excessively large doses, one tablespoonful every four 
hours, have made wonderful cures. 
Fever.-In fevers that call for Digitalis, the chill predomi- 
nates ; sudden flushes of heat, with great weakness. 
Chilliness and shivering over the whole body. 
Chill and heat alternately; cold sweat at night. 
Great sensitiveness to cold, from anaemia. 
Excessive coldness of the hands and feet, with cold sweat. 
Sudden flushes of heat followed by weakness. 
One hand hot, and the other cold; cold, clammy perspiration. 
Cold, clammy sweat at night; more on face and chest. 
During the climacteric, sudden flushes of heat, followed by 
great debility, irregular pulse ; least motion brings on palpitation. 
General debility, with tendency to faint and perspire; the 
lower limbs are very heavy, with great infiltration of serum. 
"Digitalis is one of the most useful remedies in dropsy which 
we possess, especially if it be from stenosis of the heart and 
arteries, or renal (with much general anasarca). As a rule, the 
best form to administer it is the infusion. Several days may 
elapse before decisive results are achieved; but the flow of urine 
is then often enormous."-Bartholoiv. 
Aggravation.-Chest symptoms when lying down, or by 
motion ; from cold or a very warm room ; and after sleep. 
Amelioration.-Forenoons; during rest, and in warm air. 382 
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA. 
DIOSCOREA VILLOSA. 
Wild Yam Root. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the green root, Class III. 
Antidotes.-Colocynth, Chamomilla, Chloroform, and Camphor. 
Through the spinal nerves and abdominal sympathetic, Dioscorea has 
three special centers of action: 
I. Digestive Organs. Intense Neuroses of the Bowels. 
II. Liver. Portal Congestion, with Torpor. 
III. Spine. Exalted Reflex Excitability; Paralysis. 
Abdominal Viscera.-Through the posterior spinal nerves, 
and especially the hypogastric plexus, Dioscorea produces neuro- 
ses of the bowels. The hypersesthesia of the abdominal sentient 
nerves is most intensely marked, as was shown in the colic. 
During my proving, the colicky pains in the umbilical and hypo- 
gastric region were so severe that I had to take Chloroform to 
prevent having spasms. Constipation and haemorrhoids are 
most prominent symptoms. It takes massive doses to produce 
nausea and vomiting; but great faintness centering at the pit 
of the stomach, probably indicates profound irritation of the 
solar plexus. 
Liver.-A rheumatic or neuralgic condition of the liver is well 
marked in the provings of this remedy. The hard, dry, black 
stools, the characteristic stool of Dioscorea, indicate a diminu- 
tion of bile; but very large doses produce increased secretion of 
bile, as indicated by the papescent, yellow, loose stools. 
Spine.-Upon the spinal cord, it has a specific action, as 
shown by the great weariness and loss of strength; constant 
trembling of the hands and legs ; disposition to yawn and stretch. 
The reflex excitability of the spinal cord is greatly exalted, as- 
shown by pains in almost every part of the body. DIOSCOREA VILLOSA. 
383 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Digestive Organs.-The grand sphere for the use of Dios- 
corea is among the neuroses of the bowels and stomach, in 
which the coeliac and umbilical plexuses of nerves are in a great 
state of hypersesthesia, and the pain and spasm are unbearable. 
" Steady, twisting pains in the bowels; worse when lying 
down. "-Helmuth. 
Intense spasmodic colic, with nausea and bilious vomiting. 
Colic that comes on suddenly, and leaves suddenly. 
"Spasmodic colic, with much flatulence."-Hale. 
Pulsating pains in the upper part of the sternum. 
Great burning distress in the stomach, with pricking pains. 
Great faintness at the pit of the stomach. 
Constant heavy pain in the pit of the stomach; worse after 
eating, which is relieved with copious eructations of air. 
Distressing pyrosis (W. T. Helmuth), with gastralgia. 
Spasmodic pains in abdomen, with unusually severe tenesmus. 
Morning diarrhoea ; stools dark and fetid. 
"Dysentery, with violent lancinating pains in the bowels."- 
Dr. Rogers. 
Catarrhal mucous enteritis, with severe colic and tenesmus. 
Profuse deep yellow, thin stool, followed by a very weak, faint 
feeling, without relieving the pain in the bowels 
Just before and during stool, severe pain in the sacral region 
and bowels, of a writhing, drawing character. The pains radiate 
upward and downward, until the wdiole body and extremities be- 
come involved in spasm. 
Colic, diarrhoea, and dysentery, where pain and spasm are the 
leading symptoms, are the great field for Dioscorea. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Nocturnal emissions, with pain and 
spasm of the spermatic cord, with profound debility of the organs. 384 
DULCAMARA. 
DULCAMARA. 
Bitter Sweet. 
Habitat: Europe, Asia, China, America, etc. Tincture of fresh leaves and twigs 
before inflorescence. Class I, 
Antidotes. -Camph., Ipec., Cupr., Merc., Rhus, Aeon , Sulph. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Dulcamara has five 
special centers of action : 
I. Cerebro-Spinal System, Convulsions; Paralysis. 
IL Mucous Membranes. Catarrhal Inflammation. 
III. Kidneys. Increased Blood-Pressure; Albuminuria; Catarrh. 
IV. Skin. Erythema, Urticaria, Vesicular Eczema. 
V. Serous Membranes. Rheumatoid Inflammation. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-This remedy is a mild narcotic, as 
many cases of poisoning have shown. It produces tremors, con- 
vulsions, dilatation of the pupil, vertigo, hurried respiration, te- 
tanic convulsions, and death. 
"Caylus says that Solania exerts a depressing or paralyzing 
action upon the medulla oblongata, but acts as a stimulant to the 
nerves ; it paralyzes the nerves of respiration, as Conia and Nicotia 
do. The vomiting which Clarus suffered in his experiments upon 
himself, seemed connected with the nervous system, and not at 
all with the stomach. Two very important phenomena were ob- 
served, the one of neurotic, the other of an irritant, character. 
The first was that the respiration became much slower, the 
heart's action much quicker, though at the same time feebler. 
Since this curious antagonism is also caused by division of the 
vagi in the neck, Prof. Clarus infers that Dulcamara acts by 
depressing these very nerves. Such depression is also indicated 
by the filling of the pulmonary tissue with a serous exudation, 
and the emphysematous distention of isolated portions of the 
lungs, which were observed in the rabbits killed by Solania. 
Other symptoms also indicate an action on the medulla oblongata, 
as vomiting long after taking the drug, spasms of the thoracic 
muscles extending to those of the extremities, snapping of the DULCAMARA. 
385 
jaws, and a pendulum-like motion of the head. After death the 
membranes of the medulla, and the parts just above and below it, 
were found highly injected, but the nervous substance itself 
healthy. "-Hughes. 
Mucous Membranes.-Dulcamara acts upon the mucous 
membranes of the lungs and kidneys, producing catarrhal inflam- 
mation, similar to that caused by damp, rainy weather; and, if 
used as a prophylactic after exposure to damp, rainy weather, it 
will ward off all bad effects. 
In the intestines, it produces catarrhal irritation, with pinch- 
ing, colicky pains, and a watery, slimy, yellowish diarrhoea. 
Urinary Organs.-Congestion of the kidneys, with albumi- 
nous urine, has often been produced by Dulcamara. In Claras' 
experiments, hyperaemia of the kidneys, with albuminous urine, 
and in some cases inflammation, was produced. Some claim that 
it will produce Bright's disease; but I do not believe it will pro- 
duce anything more than hyperaemia of the kidney. 
Skin,-Hughes says: "Its only certain cutaneous action is 
to excite erythematous and urticarious rashes, and pruritus; 
and it is in urticaria, and in such forms of impetigo as crusta 
lactea, that it has found place in Homoeopathic practice." 
It produces elevated spots like flea-bites all over the body, 
with violent itching. 
Most of the Dulcamara in market is spurious, and can not be 
depended upon; but, when a good article is used, it is a very val- 
uable remedy. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Effects of Cold and Damp .-Dulcamara is especially adapted 
to catarrhal and rheumatic diseases brought on by cold, damp, 
rainy weather. 
"The symptoms are aggravated when the weather suddenly 
becomes colder, especially if the weather is damp."-G. 
"The child gets worse at every cold change in the weather, or 
from exposure to cold air."-G. 
"All her symptoms are aggravated by a cold change in the 
weather; even the sexual desire is greatly increased."-G. 
"Retrocession of the eruption from exposure to damp, cold 
air."-G. 386 
DULCAMARA. 
"The skin is delicate, and sensitive to cold, and liable to erup- 
tions from being long exposed to the cold."-G. 
"Every time she takes cold, has urticaria or some other erup- 
tion."-G. 
"Dropsical affections, after suppression of sweat by cold, 
damp air."-Hg. 
"From taking cold, the neck stiff, the back painful, the bones 
lame."-Hg. [With drawing, tearing pains.J 
Digestive Organs.-"If cold air chills him, his tongue gets 
lame, and even the jaws."-Hg. 
"Inarticulate speaking from a swollen tongue, but talks inces- 
santly."-Hg. 
"Increased secretions of the mucous membranes and glands, 
those of the skin being suppressed."-Lippe. 
"Diarrhoea in cold, damp weather; stools mucous, green, wat- 
ery, and whitish ; may be caused from repelled eruptions, chills, 
or teething."-G. 
"Stool, yellowish, greenish, watery, whitish watery, with floc- 
culi ; wdiite mucous ; green mucous ; slimy mucous and bloody."" 
-J. B. Bell. 
Diarrhoea from change in the weather from warm to cold. 
(At the beginning of the attack, it is the all-sufficient remedy.) 
"Dysentery caused by cold and damp, and becoming worse as 
the weather grows colder."-G. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Suppression of the menses by 
damp, colcb weather. 
"Always as a forerunner of the catamenia, a rash appears on 
the skin."-Gosewich. 
"Lochia suppressed by cold or dampness; and the quantity of 
milk much diminished."-G. 
Lungs.-"They have to cough a long time to expel phlegm, 
especially in infants and old people, from threatened paralysis in 
the vagi."- Hughes. 
"Oppression of the chest from mucus."-Lippe. 
"Cough with expectoration of bright blood."-Lippe. 
"Early stage of colds, with short, hacking cough and slight 
sore throat."-Dr. Bayes. 
"Cough with excessive secretion of mucus from suppressed 
eruptions."-D. 
Skin.-Vesicular eruption, discharging profusely, upon a red, 
inflamed base; rheumatic eczema. DULCAMARA. 
387 
"Tetters, oozing watery fluid; bleed after scratching."-Hg. 
"Thick brown herpetic crusts on the face, forehead, temples, 
and chin, with reddish borders, bleeding when scratched."-G. 
"Nettle-rash with much itching; after scratching, it burns, 
increases in warmth; disappears in cold; with gastric fever." 
"Small furuncles in places formerly hurt by concussion."-Dr. 
Jeanes. 
"Exostoses on the upper part of the right tibia, with bluish- 
red spots, suppurating lumps."-Hg. 
"After the disappearance of tetters in the face, faceache and 
asthma."-Hg. 
"Tingling in different parts of the body, and sometimes a pru- 
ritus of the genital organs."-Dr. Bertrand. 
"Eruption of itching pustules, which pass on to suppuration 
and become incrusted, upon the back and legs."-Jahr. 
"My principal remedy for impetiginous eczema of scrofulous 
people is Dulcamara."-Jousset. 
Head.-"On awaking in the morning, giddy; dark before the 
eyes, with trembling and weakness."-Hg. 
"Inclination to scold, without being angry."-Hg. 
"Can not find the right word for anything."-Hg. 
Eyes.-"Ophthalmia neonatorum, with chemosis of the con- 
junctiva, and constipation."-Dr. Wesselhoeft. 
Catarrhal and rheumatic ophthalmia. 
Aggravation.-Symptoms always aggravated by cold, damp 
weather; evenings, and during rest. 
Amelioration.-From warm, dry air; from moving, and dur- 
ing the day. 388 
ETHER. 
ETHER. 
Sulphuric Ether. 
Chemical preparation. Alcoholic attenuations. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Ether has seven special 
centers of action: 
I. Cerebro-Spinal System. Complete Anesthesia, Acinesia. 
II. Circulation. Faso-Motor Stimulation. 
III. Heart. Stimulated; Increased Arterial Blood-Pressure. 
IA . A agi. First, Stimulation ; Second, Paralysis and Asphyxia. 
X. Glandular S. Secretions Increased. (Liver.) Glycosuria. 
VI. Sexual Organs. Excessive Erotic Excitement. 
VII. Skin. Copious Perspiration; Complete Anesthesia. 
Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.-Through the nerve centers 
of man and animals, Ether acts upon the various parts of the 
cerebro-spinal system in the following order, and abolishes their 
functions: 1. The cerebrum. 2. The sensory nerves of the 
cord. 3. The motor centers of the cord. 4. The sensory cen- 
ters of the medulla oblongata. 5. The motor centers of the 
medulla. 
Ether, when first inhaled, produces a feeling of strangulation 
and a sense of burning in the fauces, from its local action. "The 
first indications of its systemic action are a sense of exhilaration 
and a lightness in the head, associated with a roaring or buzzing 
in the ears. These are soon succeeded by a feeling of the imme- 
diate surroundings being afar off, and this soon fades into semi- 
unconsciousness, with visions and illusions. These are of various 
characters, and are often accompanied by a species of delirium. 
Some patients weep, others laugh; some shout, some pray, some 
rave, and some become exceedingly pugnacious. In rare instan- 
ces, the dreams become erotic; and cases are on record in which 
there were distinct evidences of the occurrence of a complete 
venereal orgasm. There is rarely sufficient anaesthesia for prac- 
tical purposes before the period of complete unconsciousness. ETHER. 
389 
"The second stage of Ether-narcosis may be considered to 
commence with the complete loss of consciousness. In most 
cases, some degree of muscular rigidity is at first still present, 
but soon passes off, and the patient lies relaxed and quiet, with 
slow, regular, automatic respiration. The occurrence of sterto- 
rous respiration, due to a paresis of the muscles of the palate, 
shows that the stage of muscular paralysis is being reached. It 
should, except in very rare cases, be the signal for the immediate 
withdrawal of the anaesthetic. 
"The face during Etherization is reddish; marked pallor and 
lividity are respectively important indications of failure of the 
heart's action and failure of respiration. The stage of excite- 
ment generally lasts only a few minutes, but in some cases is 
prolonged, and in nervous women may pass into a violent fit 
of hysterics, which soon yields, however, to a persistent use 
of the anaesthetic. The pulse is quickened and increased in force 
by Ether; and it will often maintain itself during a prolonged 
narcosis. If the vapor of Ether be taken in a concentrated form, 
there is usually in the beginning a momentary arrest of respira- 
tion, accompanied by a decided sense of suffocation, evidently the 
result of the irritant action of the vapor upon the air-passages. 
So soon as this has passed off, the respirations are usually accel- 
erated as well as deepened; but, as the stage of anaesthesia is 
reached, they become slower; and, if the inhalation of the Ether 
be persisted in, they grow not only more and more distant, 
but also more and more shallow, until they are gradually extin- 
guished. The respiratory phenomena seem to be the same in the 
lower mammalia as in man. It was noticed by Kratschmer, that 
in the rabbit, Ether, when inhaled through the nose, produces 
at first a momentary arrest of respiration in expiration. He also 
found that section of the vagi did not prevent the arrest, but that 
section of the trigemini did; also that the arrest never occurred 
when the Ether was given through a tracheal fistula. This would 
appear to show that the phenomenon was a reflex one, due to 
the irritation of the peripheral ends of the trigemini. Its im- 
portance is much increased by the consentaneous spasm of 
the glottis noticed by Kratschmer. It is probable that some 
of the accidents happening early in human anaesthesia are the 
result of such spasm. As stated by Dr. P. Knoll, the alterations 
of respiration are sometimes replaced by very irregular breath- 
ing. The respirations are at first quickened, then grow slower 
and slower, and less and less deep, until they are gradually 
extinguished. He logically concludes that they are produced by 390 
ETHER. 
a direct action of the drug upon the centers, at first stimulant in 
character, but subsequently depressant. 
"As the functions of the cerebrum are affected before those of 
the other portions of the nervous system, it is very apparent that 
the brain is especially sensitive to the narcotic. Flourens found 
that at a certain stage of Etherization, pricking of the anterior 
or motor nerve roots caused motor disturbance, although the 
posterior or sensory portions of the spinal centers were com- 
pletely insensible. After a more prolonged inhalation, the 
anterior or motor centers also failed to respond to mechanical 
irritation, although the functions of the medulla oblongata were 
regularly performed, and stimulation of its anterior centers gave 
rise to motor disturbance, and pricking of the sensory portions 
even caused manifestations of pain. When the inhalation of 
Ether was maintained for a sufficient time, the sensory, and 
finally the motor, functions of the medulla oblongata were com- 
promised, and death from paralysis of the respiratory centers 
ensued. 
"That Ether is capable of impressing the nerves seems estab- 
lished by the experiments of Longet and Serres. They found 
that the direct application of Ether to a nerve produced paralysis 
of the sensory fibers of that nerve; so that pinching the nerve 
below the point of application caused no pain, although voluntary 
movement was preserved, and galvanization of the nerve-trunk 
above the point of application induced spasm in the tributary 
muscle ; i. e., the power of conducting an impulse downward was 
preserved, that of conducting it upward was lost. By a longer 
application of the anaesthetic, the function of the efferent as well 
as of the afferent fibers was abolished, temporarily at first, but, if 
the application were persisted in, permanently. Practically, how- 
ever, inhaled Ether has no influence upon the nerve-trunks, 
because the nerve centers are so much more sensitive to its influence 
that their functional poiver is abolished before the nerves are 
affected. Indeed, Conly found, that, in animals killed by Ether, 
Chloroform, or Chloral, the motor nerves and muscles preserve 
their function longer than in animals killed by sudden violence." 
-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Claude Bernard supposes that when anaesthesia is complete a 
sort of semicoagulation occurs in the nerve-cell, but that this 
semicoagulation soon ceases, allowing the nerve to resume all its 
properties. If we examine a nerve in an animal under anaesthe- 
sia, we find that the tube momentarily loses its transparency. ETHER. 
391 
"Anaesthesia begins with the peripheral extremities of the 
sensory nerves and ascends progressively. If, at this time, we 
pinch the skin, we find it insensible, and we say that the patient 
is anaesthetized. Yet, if the operation attacks the trunk of the 
nerves, the patient still feels pain, as the sensibility of the trunks 
is not extinct; this is very often observed in operations. In pro- 
portion as the anaesthesia makes progress, the nerve-trunks lose 
their sensibility, and soon the posterior roots become insensible. 
Finally the cells of the posterior gray cornua are affected, and 
anaesthesia is complete. All the sensitive nerves are made insen- 
sible by anaesthetics, but not all at once. The nerves of special 
sense are the first to be affected, next the nerves of common sen- 
sibility, which are excitable by touch and are capable of transmit- 
ting impressions of pain. Further, the nerves which terminate 
in the skin are affected before those of the mucous membrane, so 
that the throat is sensitive after the skin has ceased to be so."- 
Drs. A. Trousseau and Pidoux. 
Ether, when taken internally, is a diffusive stimulant, produc- 
ing intoxication with great rapidity, which passes away just as 
rapidly. The great excitement and exhilaration may be suc- 
ceeded in an hour by perfect recovery. 
Circulation.-The English Chloroform Committee have shown 
that Ether "increases very markedly the arterial pressure, and 
that, even in a prolonged Ether-narcosis, there is no material 
diminution of this pressure until manifest failure of respiration 
has taken place. The rise of arterial pressure is probably due to 
an increase of the power of the heart and to a stimulation of the 
vaso-motor nerves. Sansom states that the vessels of the frog's 
web can be seen to contract during the inhalation of Ether, and 
that this vaso-motor spasm is very persistent, and does not yield 
to paralysis and passive dilatation until the anaesthesia has 
almost deepened into death."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
After a long series of experiments by M. Arloing, he says 
"that the pulmonary circulation is rendered more active by 
Chloral and Ether, while it is retarded by Chloroform. It was 
also noted that the following changes occurred in the peripheral 
circulation : (1.) The flow of blood in the capillaries, which was 
slightly slowed at the commencement of Chloralization and Eth- 
erization, was much accelerated toward the end of the anaesthesia. 
(2.) The flow, after undergoing a temporary increase in rate, 
diminished at the beginning of Chloroform-narcosis; it after- 
ward, however, increased gradually, though it did not regain its 392 
ETHER. 
normal rapidity. It was also found that Chloroform produced 
ancemia of the cerebral vessels, while Ether and Chloral caused 
hypercemia of the brain."-Practitioner. 
Pneumogastric Nerve.-The first effect of Ether is to stimu- 
late the pneumogastric .nerve; but, when it proves fatal, death is 
caused by paralysis of the respiratory centers, as shown by the 
sudden stoppage of the breathing, and asphyxia; or stertorous 
breathing precedes death, the respirations being very irregular, 
with great dilatation of the pupils from non-oxygenation of the 
blood. 
Heart.-The action of Ether upon the heart is that of a tonic; 
even in fatal cases, the heart continues to pulsate after the arrest 
of breathing. This stimulant action of Ether upon the heart has 
caused its use to be warmly advocated as in all respects superior 
to Chloroform. Ether rarely ever primarily paralyzes the heart, 
and its only dangerous effect-stoppage of respiration-is easily 
foreseen, and readily and surely relieved by simply removing the 
anaesthetic and making a few passes of artificial respiration. 
Blood.-It is frequently asserted that Ether, when added to 
blood, coagulates it. A. Schmidt, however, states that the coagu- 
lation is due to ozone, which has been generated by the Ether and 
is contained in it; since freshly distilled Ether does not coagulate 
albuminous substances. The researches of Wittich and A. 
Schmidt have shown, that, when Ether is added to the blood of 
horses, cats, or rats, the red corpuscles disappear in a very short 
time ; and, as their stroma can not be demonstrated by the aid of 
re-agents, this disappearance is due to its solution. The hsematin 
thus set free is dissolved in the serum, but the presence of the 
Ether soon causes it to crystallize. There is no proof that these 
changes occur to any extent when Ether is inhaled ; and the usual 
rapid recovery from the effects of the anaesthetic indicates that 
there is no profound alteration of the blood. The effect of Ether 
on the gases contained in drawn blood indicates that Ether does 
not exert much influence upon their proportional amounts."- 
Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Glandular System.-"Claude Bernard has shown that the 
functions of secreting organs are rendered more active by Ether 
when this substance is applied in or near the locality of their ex- 
cretory ducts. For example, the gastric juice, the pancreatic 
juice, saliva, etc., are much increased in quantity when it is given 
internally to animals. Glycosuria is very commonly, though not ETHER. 
393 
constantly, produced by Ether. Whether we consider, with 
Claude Bernard, that this symptom is to be regarded as a phe- 
nomenon of irritation, and as the expression of an increased se- 
cretory activity of the liver, or whether, with Austie, we should 
regard it as a sign of weakened functions, a sort of paralysis or 
narcosis of the liver, we will not attempt to decide. In any case, 
the production of diabetes by Ether must be classed along with the 
other forms of diabetes due to the action of poisons, regarding 
which we unfortunately as yet know very little."-Prof. Boehm. 
Sexual Organs.-Ether has frequently produced erotic 
dreams during its administration; and the patient goes 
through all the motions of a complete venereal orgasm. These 
erotic impressions in females often follow the patient after the 
Ether narcosis has ceased; and they fully believe that liberties 
have been taken with them by the physician. This should warn 
the surgeon never to administer an anaesthetic without the pres- 
ence of a third party. 
Skin.-With the anaesthesia, there is frequently copious per- 
spiration in Ether-narcosis. 
When death is threatened, the treatment must be similar to 
that of poisoning by Chloroform, which the reader will please 
see on page 268. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Administration.-For using Ether as an anaesthetic, a cone 
is made out of stiff paper of such size and shape that its base will 
fit closely over the mouth and nose of the patient. A napkin, 
towel, or a conical, hollowed-out sponge is placed in the cone. It 
should be securely pinned within the cone sufficiently far from 
the margin to prevent contact with the nose during inhalation. 
Now pour into the cone about one and a half ounces of Ether, and 
apply it closely to the face of the patient so as to completely cover 
the mouth and nose, and keep it there. If anaesthesia is not com- 
plete in five minutes, a second dose of Ether must be poured upon 
the napkin, care being taken that the removal of the apparatus is 
only momentary. It is very important that no air be admitted 
during the administration of Ether, as most violent resistance and 
dangerous struggling will supervene if the vapor be not inhaled in 
a state of purity. By preventing the access of fresh air, and allow- 
ing the same air to be breathed over and over again, a certain de- 
gree of asphyxia will be produced, and this asphyxia will enable 394 
ETHER. 
the patient to take deep and frequent respirations, carrying the 
Etherized atmosphere down to the lung-cells, and producing rapid 
narcosis. 
In order to prevent nausea and vomiting, which often follow 
the use of this anaesthetic, no food should be taken for at least 
six hours before the inhalation ; and the administration of one or 
two ounces of brandy just before inhalation, is strongly recom- 
mended by many. I would suggest that Dr. G. H. Hall's method 
of giving twenty drops of Chloroform before the inhalation, be 
tried; also, Dr. S. P. Burdick's plan of free inhalation of cider- 
vinegar, as soon as the continuance of anaesthesia is no longer 
required. 
Unlike Chloroform, Ether can be freely given in the sitting 
posture without danger; consequently, it is especially adapted to 
the use of dentists. 
Great care should be taken when using Ether at night, its 
fumes being very inflammable. The light should be above the 
patient, as the high specific gravity of the vapor of Ether causes it 
to fall toward the floor. Ether being far more safe than Chloro- 
form, it should be used under all ordinary circumstances where 
an anaesthetic is called for. 
Administered Internally.-It is best given in ice-cold water, 
or equal parts of brandy on finely cracked ice, or in capsules. 
The dose is from one fluid drachm to half a fluid ounce. One and 
a half ounces have been given at once without harm. 
External Uses.-Ether, applied on a very thin compress, so 
as to favor its rapid evaporation, is of great value in nervous 
headache and neuralgia, and to expel the blood from an inflamed 
and swollen part, as well as to mitigate local pain in any part of 
the system. Its fumes, when thrown into the auditory canal, will 
arrest otalgia with great celerity. 
The great use of Ether has been found in surgery where 
an anaesthetic is indicated. From its great safety, it has well 
nigh superseded Chloroform in America. Many of our best 
surgeons use no other anaesthetic. For years I have been in the 
habit of using half Ether and half Chloroform and have been 
satisfied with the results. In addition to its anaesthetic prop- 
erties, Ether is of great value in many diseases when given 
internally. In all diseases requiring a diffusive stimulant, as 
sudden sinking spells or syncope, Ether is the most powerful and 
quickly acting stimulant we have. ETHER. 
395 
Head.-Nervous sick-headache; much congestion; great diz- 
ziness, intense pain and heat in the head; face flushed; wild 
look. 
Apoplexy, with much congestion and heavy breathing. 
In delirium tremens, with furious mania, full doses will be of 
great value; and, in hysterical fainting fits, it acts with great 
promptness, used internally and as an anaesthetic. 
Mouth.-In toothache, cotton soaked in Ether and placed 
in the cavity, will give instant relief; but it may return in a short 
time. 
Digestive Organs.-Mouth dry, or filled with saliva; speech 
difficult; bad taste, and complete loss of appetite; nausea, vom- 
iting, and great pain in the epigastrium. 
In spasmodic nervous hiccough, no remedy acts better. 
Gout in the stomach, or gastralgia, with extremely severe 
pains. (It should be used internally and by inhalation.) 
In enteralgia and spasmodic colic, it is of great utility. 
Biliary Calculi.-When the pain and spasm are exceedingly 
severe, from one to twTo drachms should be given at a dose every 
half-hour or hour until relieved. Dr. Durande claims that a 
mixture of equal parts of Ether and Turpentine is an absolute 
specific, having the power of dissolving the stone. This I doubt; 
but certain it is, that this combination has cured many cases of 
biliary calculi, probably by relieving the spasm and intense pain 
the irritations of gall-stones occasion, thus enabling the duct to 
expel the foreign substance, and not by the solvent action of the 
drug; for Ether only dissolves the fatty portion of the calculus 
when placed in the pure liquid. 
Tape-Worm.-One to two drachms, and in adults one and a 
half ounces, of Ether should be given in Castor oil, after an an- 
thelmintic has been given (Pumpkin seeds or Male Fern), to 
secure the expulsion of the worm. It probably partially anaesthe- 
tizes the worm. 
Ascarides.-An enema of twenty drops in an ounce of water, 
will often destroy ascarides in the rectum. It will not, however, 
prevent their return. 
Urinary Organs.-Renal Colic.-Here no remedy will help 
the patient like anaesthetics. The Ether should also be given 
internally in large doses of from one to three drachms, in sugar. 
It relaxes the spasm of the excretory ducts, rendering the passage 396 
ETHER. 
of the calculus easy and rapid. In sounding for stone ana in 
taxis for hernia, complete anaesthesia should be employed. 
Diabetes.-No remedy produces glycosuria more markedly 
than Ether; and it may prove one of our most useful remedies 
for this fearful malady. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-In Dysmenorrhoea, with violent 
uterine spasms and excruciating pains, no remedy can equal 
Ether or Chloroform. The pains are instantly relieved, and the 
same with after-pains. 
In Hysteria, Ether will cut the paroxysm short at once. In 
some cases, the cure is permanent; but, in my experience, it often 
returns again, and the anaesthetic has to be used freely. 
Puerperal Convulsions.-When the convulsive attacks partake 
of the congestive or apoplectic form, with coma, etc., Ether by 
inhalation will prove the most useful remedy that can be used, 
and should never be forgotten. The same may be said of infantile 
convulsions of a congestive form. 
Obstetrical Practice.-Here, I prefer Chloroform, as Ether does 
not act quickly enough ; but many physicians use the Ether. If it 
is used, its anaesthetic effect must be maintained between pains, 
or they are felt more keenly. Dr. A. Hewson prefers analgesia 
by rapid breathing instituted at the onset of each pain and sus- 
pended in the intervals. 
Chest and Respiratory Organs.-Syncope from sudden fail- 
ure of the heart's action, from mental emotions, or hysteria, is 
promptly arrested by Ether. Angina pectoris and spasmodic 
asthma are sometimes arrested at once with Ether; but generally, 
it soon loses its effect, and some other remedy has to be selected. 
In whooping-cough, the paroxysms can be cut short by the 
inhalation of Ether. The same can be said about nervous spas- 
modic cough and laryngismus stridulus. The symptoms of mem- 
branous croup have been often mitigated by this drug. 
Generalities.-In Chorea, Ether spray should be applied along 
the spine. Dr. Hammond has cured many cases by its use. 
In globus hystericus and hystero-epilepsy, Ether gives prompt 
and satisfactory results. 
Feigned diseases, in which the limbs or body appear rigidly 
bent or distorted, are readily discovered by complete anaesthesia. 
The same with phantom tumors of the abdomen. 
Paralyzed portions of the body, when subjected to a jet of 
E+her *pray, are found to be frozen in two or three seconds; EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
397 
whereas it takes eight or ten seconds to freeze the healthy por- 
tions of the body. 
Local Ancesthesia.-For small surgical operations, Dr. Rich- 
ardson has introduced Ether spray, used with the hand ball 
spray apparatus. Rhigoline is more effective than Ether. When 
a current of atomized Ether or Rhigoline is directed against the 
skin, the rapid evaporation produces an intense degree of cold, in 
consequence of which the nerves lose their power of transmitting 
impressions to the sensorium. This local anaesthesia often 
produces severe burning after the parts recover from the freezing 
process; and Ether often causes severe pain to certain parts, 
during its application. 
Spinal irritation, chorea, neuralgia, lumbago, and muscular 
rheumatism are often quickly cured by Ether spray. 
The diminution of the cutaneous sensibility by the application 
of ice and freezing mixtures has long been practiced; and, in 
small surgical operations, opening abscesses, etc., I have seen 
the most satisfactory results from the use of this agent. 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
Australian Gum Tree. 
Habitat: Australa. etc. Tincture .of the dried leaves. Class IV. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Eucalyptus has eight 
special centers of action: 
I. Mucous M. (Throat, Lungs, Intes., Kidneys.) Mucorrhoea. 
II. Urinary 0. Diuresis, with Enormous Increase of Urea. 
III. Digestive 0. Tonic: (2) Indigest'n; Catarr I Diarrhoea. 
IV. Spleen. Contracted; Fatty Degeneration. 
V. Heart. Violent Palpitation; Blood-Pressure Lessened. 
VI. Temperature. Greatly Lowered; Asthenic Fever. 
VII. Skin. Powerful Diuretic. 
VIII. Spinal Cord. Cord and Medulla Paralyzed. 
Digestive Organs.-Dr. R. Bartholow says: "Eucalyptus 
has a warm, aromatic, bitter, and camphorous taste, resembling 
somewhat the taste of Cubebs. In the mouth, it excites the flow 398 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
of saliva, and leaves a hot, pungent, and rather disagreeable- 
flavor. In the stomach, it causes a sensation of warmth, and 
doubtless promotes the flow of gastric juice. The appetite and 
digestive power are increased; the intestinal secretions are in- 
creased, and hence the alvine evacuations are rendered somewhat 
more copious and easy; In very large doses, it causes a sense of 
weight and uneasiness at the epigastrium, odorous eructations 
and indigestion, followed by diarrhoea, the stools having the 
characteristic odor of Eucalyptol." 
Spleen.-The spleen becomes contracted, hard, and resistant, 
its surface granulated, and the whole organ diminished in size. 
Mucous Membranes.-This remedy has a specific action upon 
these tissues, especially acting upon those of the lungs and kid- 
neys, producing congestion and increased mucous secretions. It 
also affects the intestinal mucous membrane in a similar manner. 
Urinary Organs.-Upon the kidneys, this remedy has a spe- 
cific action. It causes irritation and congestion of the kidneys in 
the same way that Cubebs and Copaiba do. The urine has the 
odor of the Oil an hour after its ingestion, and continues to for 
two days. Dr. Gimbert states that the odor imparted to the urine 
resembles that of violets, and is very similar to that caused by 
turpentine. The excretion of urea is enormously increased by the 
use of this drug. Dr. Wooster considers it a diuretic of rare vir- 
tue, showing notable restorative effects in low states of the sys- 
tem, as in typhoid fever, typhoid diarrhoea, and dysentery. It 
relieves spasmodic strictures, vesical catarrh, and cures gon- 
orrhoea. 
Circulation.-Prof. Wood says: "In some cases the medi- 
cine acts very disagreeably, producing violent cardiac palpitations 
or intense headache. How far these are directly dependent upon 
the drug, or are sympathetic with its action upon the stomach, is 
uncertain. If the dose be repeated, or if a larger amount be 
taken at once, a period of sedation manifests itself; the pulse 
loses its force, and the animal temperature is abated." 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-"After doses of seventy-five grains, 
Binz noted numbness of the limbs, with a feeling of excessive 
weight in them. If the use of the remedy be persisted in, a state 
of asthenia is induced ; the temperature falls as much as a degree 
and a half, and the pulse even to fifty; the respiration becomes 
less frequent; the muscular weakness is extreme, so that raising EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
399 
the arm to the mouth is painful; the sensations are blunted, but 
the intellect is absolutely unaffected. In an old man who took 
eighty drops, the power of motion almost disappeared,' and he 
affirmed that he lost for the time being all sense of the presence 
of his limbs, so that he was unconscious of possessing them when 
he shut his eyes, although his intellect was perfectly clear 
throughout 
"Upon the lower mammalia, the Oil of Eucalyptus acts pre- 
cisely as it does on man. According to Gimbert, the hypodermic 
injection of the Oil is immediately followed by a period of excite- 
ment. After about half an hour the animal begins to stumble 
and totter in walking, the breathing grows more and more slow 
and irregular, the limbs give way, the ears droop, the muscular 
weakness becomes profound, and death, preceded often by partial 
convulsions, occurs through failure of respiration. In Gimbert's 
experiments, the heart always continued to beat after breathing 
had ceased. As the motor nerves and the muscles retained their 
functional power after death, the failure of motility and reflex 
activity must have been central; and Gimbert concludes that the 
drug in toxic doses is therefore & paralyzant to the spinal cord and 
the medulla. Binz also came to the same conclusion."-Dr. H. 
C. Wood. 
Bartholow says: "It increases the action of the heart, lowers 
the arterial tension, and induces a feverish state. The respira- 
tory movements are accelerated. Wakefulness is caused by it in 
those in health, and sleep in the weak and anaemic." In some the 
venereal appetite is increased. 
Temperature.-Toxic doses in animals produce a decided fall 
of temperature. Hermann Schlaeger says, that, after hypoder- 
mic injections, the temperature sometimes rises, probably as a 
result of local irritation. "In man, large doses lower the tem- 
perature in the healthy from one to two degrees. Large and 
continued doses produce real fever of an asthenic type." 
Skin.-Upon the skin, it acts as a powerful diaphoretic, and 
the drug is eliminated through the skin. It has been used with 
fine results in exhaustive night sweats ; also for herpetic eruptions, 
glandular enlargements, and indolent ulcers. 
Remarkable Peculiarities of the Tree.-"The capability 
the Eucalyptus has for absorbing water is extraordinary; and to 
it has been attributed the freedom of Australia from malarial, 
miasmatic influences. Indeed, it is stated that a tree will evap- 400 
orate ten times its weight of water in twenty-four hours; and 
numerous examples are given in which swamps in Europe and 
Algeria have been rapidly converted into dry ground. It is 
believed to destroy malaria, not only by draining the soil, but 
also by yielding balsamic exudations to the air; however this may 
be, there is at present very strong evidence as to its power of ren- 
dering infected districts healthy. The growth of the tree is said to 
be about five times that of our ordinary trees; and the shingles 
made of the wood are said to be fire-proof."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Malarial Affections.-The chief use that has been made of 
Eucalyptus is as an antiperiodic; and the weight of testimony is 
vastly in favor of its possession of decided antiperiodic powers. I 
have used it in both acute and chronic cases, and found it cura- 
tive in both, but that its true sphere is in the sub-acute or chronic 
cases that have been mal-treated with Quinine. Bartholow says: 
"It is certainly very serviceable in the convalescence from intermit- 
tent and remittent fevers ; and in chronic malarial poisoning it has a 
high degree of utility. It is more useful than Quinine to recon- 
struct the damages in the organs of assimilation caused by mala- 
rial affection." 
Wood says: "Dr. Joseph Keller has used it in four hundred 
and thirty-two cases, of which two hundred and ninety-three had 
suffered from previous attacks. Of the tertians, 75.57 per cent, 
of the quartans 70 per cent, and of the quotidians 67.89 per cent, 
yielded to the remedy. He recommends it as especially valuable 
in obstinate cases in which Quinine has been taken again and 
again." 
In intermittent neuralgia, it has acted well. 
Respiratory Organs.-"The most important use of this 
agent occurs in the treatment of catarrhal affections of the broncho- 
pulmonary mucous membrane. It is not adapted to acute affec- 
tions or to recent inflammation, but to chronic cases accompanied 
by free muco-purulent expectoration. It is of great utility in bron- 
chorrhoea."-Bartholow and Gubler. 
Tuberculous hectic fevers, with profuse, exhaustive sweats. 
Asthma, in debilitated, anaemic subjects, with terrible dyspnoea, 
the heart sympathizing strongly. It may be smoked in cigar- 
ettes ; its fumes are strongly recommended by Maclean. EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS. 
401 
Rheumatism.-Rheumatic, jerking, stitching, tearing pains, 
worse at night. 
Alimentary Canal.-Atonic Dyspepsia, chronic gastric and 
intestinal catarrh. 
The condition of the mucous membrane which favors the pro- 
duction of intestinal parasites is removed. For ascarides it should 
be used by an injection. 
Genito-Urinary Organs.-Catarrhal states of the genito-uri- 
nary organs. "Chronic desquamative nephritis, granular degenera- 
tion of the kidneys, pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis."-Bar- 
tholow. 
"No remedy which I have used has been more effective in 
chronic catarrh of the bladder."-Bartholow. 
In gonorrhoea, sub-acute and chronic form, it has acted well. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"At the Climacteric, in women who 
suffer much from flatulence, palpitation of the heart, and sudden 
flushings of the face, it affords great relief."-Bartholow. 
"For uterine catarrh it is of great value, used locally and inter- 
nally."-Rose Cormick, M. D. 
Leucorrhoea, acrid and fetid. (The fetor is destroyed at once 
by the local application.) 
As a Disinfectant.-"Externally, the tincture and the dis- 
tilled water are used as disinfectant applications to foul-smelling 
and ill-conditioned ulcers and wounds." (Gimbert.) The water of 
Eucalyptus is recommended by Gubler, as a vehicle for agents 
used by the hypodermic method. The toxic influence of Eucalyp- 
tus on the lower forms of life-cryptogamic and infusorial organ- 
isms-is the ground of its application for these purposes. As 
respects solutions of alkaloids for hypodermic use, the wTater of 
Eucalyptus prevents the development of the penicillium, which 
grows rapidly, and at the expense of the alkaloid, in solutions pre- 
pared with simple distilled water."-Bartholow. 402 
EUONYMUS ATROPURPUREUS. 
EUONYMUS ATROPURPUREUS. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the bark. According to Class IV. 
Through the solar and hypogastric plexuses of nerves, Euonymus 
has three special centers of action: 
I. Liver. Hepatic Stimulant; Bile Greatly Increased. 
II. Digestive Organs. Hydragogue Cathartic. 
III. Kidneys. Increased Blood-Pressure; Albuminuria. 
Digestive Organs.-The action of this remedy upon the 
bowels, and especially the liver, very much resembles that of 
Mercury and Podophyllum ; but Euonymine has been found to be 
far superior to the two former for exciting a free flow of bile. 
Dr. L. Sherman says: "The internal administration of the tinc- 
ture produces a sick, weakening sensation all through the nervous 
system; a dull, heavy pain through the frontal portion of the 
head ; an enlarged, blurred feeling in the head; a deathly sickness 
at the stomach, with perspiration and heat in the face in alter- 
nation with chills in the back and arms; profuse prostrating 
diarrhoea, accompanied by death-like nausea, excessive tormina, 
and cold sweats." Bartholow says it possesses cathartic proper- 
ties similar to Rhubarb, and is an excellent remedy in hepatic 
and intestinal diseases. 
Wahoo. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
"This is one of the most valuable remedies we have for what 
is known as a general bilious state."-W. II. Holcombe. 
Cholera morbus, with profuse bilious stools and great prostra- 
tion, with much nausea and vomiting. 
Many forms of dyspepsia, with hepatic symptoms. 
Dr. W. H. Holcombe gives two remarkable cures of albumi- 
nuria with this drug. He says: "Regarding dyspepsia and 
arrested hepatic function as morbid steps almost always pre- 
liminary to the development of Bright's disease, I had determined 
to put my patient steadily for a while on a liver remedy; and it EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 
403 
occurred to me soon that I had discovered the right thing. I 
gave two or three grains of the 1st cent, trituration of Euonymine, 
three times a day. In one week the albumen was removed from 
the urine, and a speedy cure followed. 
"I have frequently prescribed it successfully for pains in the 
back, loins, hepatic and splenetic regions, of obscure origin, but 
very probably connected with kidney troubles not revealed by the 
exudation of albumen." 
It must become a remedy of great utility for gallstones. 
It has been found useful in bilious intermittents. 
I know of an Eclectic physician who depends upon the Wahoo 
in typhoid fever. He claims, after many years of practice, never 
to have lost a case, and he had an immense number of them, 
and became noted for his success in typhoid fever. 
Two grains of the active principle of the Euonymine will act as 
a good cathartic. I use triturations of the active principle. 
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 
Boneset. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of fresh plant just in bloom, Class III. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Eupatorium has six special cen- 
ters of action: 
I. Spinal Cord. (Posterior.) Paralytic Hyperesthesia. 
II. Vagl Excessive Nausea; Bilious Vomiting. 
III. Liver. Portal Congestion; Excessive Secretion of Bile. 
IV. Intestines. Excessive Hyper-Catharsis. 
V. Lungs. Congestion; Catarrhal Inflammation. 
VI. Skin. (Sudoriparous Glands.) Copious Diaphoresis. 
Muscular and Fibrous Tissues.-Through the posterior spi- 
nal nerves, it produces excessive soreness and intense aching of 
the muscles, which seems to even penetrate the bones; and with 
it, there is much chilliness and many bilious symptoms. 
Vagi.-Through its action upon the pneumogastrics, we have 
severe bilious vomiting, with tenderness in the epigastrium, and 404 
EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 
fullness and tenderness in the hepatic region, from portal con- 
gestion. The hepatic symptoms are very prominent. We. have 
congestion, jaundice, and purging of bile, and a general "bilious 
state." 
Lungs.-Through the vagi, we have dyspnoea and congestion 
of the mucous membranes, with prominent catarrhal symptoms. 
Skin.-Large doses of the infusion produce great diaphoresis, 
showing that it acts prominently upon the sweat glands. With 
its diaphoretic action, there are great nausea and vomiting. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Bilious and Intermittent Fever.-Its great field of action 
is in bilious intermittents, with the following characteristics : 
"Intolerable aching in the back and legs, as if the bones were 
broken."-G. [Myalgia.] 
Severe aching distress, and soreness of all the limbs as if 
pounded. 
"Calves of the legs feel as though they had been beaten; sore- 
ness and swelling of the feet."-D. 
"Painful soreness of both wrists, as if broken or dislocated." 
-G. 
"These pains make the patient very restless; chill comes on 
in the morning; thirst several hours before the chill, which con- 
tinue during the chill and heat."-Hale. 
"Great deal of shivering during the chill."-Dr. Gray. 
This great chilliness shows how prominently this remedy affects 
the posterior columns of the spinal cord; so do the intense aching 
and feeling as if pounded, point to the posterior columns. 
"Heavy chill early in the morning of one day, and light chill 
about noon the next day."-Dr. Gray. 
"Very restless; can't keep still, although there is a great desire 
to do so; not relieved by motion."-Dr. C. B. Kuler. 
"Little or no sweat at any time during the disease."-Drs. 
Gray and Hale. 
Dr. Dunham says: "I regard the severe bone-pains and the 
absence of much sweat as especially characteristic." 
"The peculiar headache, the soreness of the eyes, and their 
yellowness, the yellowish-red face, the vomiting of bile, with 
nausea and prostration, the soreness in the region of the liver, 
the constipation, the internal soreness, and the external soreness EUPATORIUM PERFOLIATUM. 
405 
all over the body, from head to foot-furnish indications for 
bilious fever too strong to be questioned."-D. 
"Urine scanty, dark mahogany color."-Hale. 
Digestive Organs.-"Vomiting at the conclusion of the chill; 
vomiting of whatever is taken into the stomach, and of bile." 
"Vomiting of a green liquid, several quarts at a time, with 
frequent green, watery stools; cramps and terrible thirst."- 
Dr. Gray. [Tongue coated thickly yellow.] 
"Vomiting of bile, with great tenderness in the epigastrium, 
and trembling."-Dr. Gray. 
Nausea, frequent efforts to vomit; extreme tenderness in the 
epigastrium, with fullness and tenderness in the hepatic region 
from portal congestion. The most prominent key for the use of 
this remedy is the distressing vomiting after a chill with the great 
soreness of the muscles. 
Respiratory Organs.-"Dyspnoea very great, obliging the 
patient to lie with his head and shoulders very high. Dr. Neid- 
hard. 
"Influenza; great pain in the back and limbs; lassitude; skin 
bathed in perspiration; is pale and morbidly sensitive, and the 
excretions of a passive kind."-Raue. 
Nocturnal loose cough. 
"Intense headache; throbbing and great sense of internal 
soreness in the forehead and occiput, distress and painful sore- 
ness in the top and back of the head."-D. 
Bilious sick-headache, pain in the occiput after lying, with 
sensation of great weight in that part, requiring the hands to lift 
it up, with great soreness of the eyes. 
Coryza, the nose and eyes both streaming with water at inter- 
vals. 
Aggravation.-Morning, noon, and open air. 
Amelioration.-In-doors and at night. 406 
EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM. 
EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM. 
Queen of the Meadow. 
Habitat: North America, etc. Tinctur? of the fresh root, Class III. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Eupatorium has three special 
centers of action : 
I. Urinary Organs. Diuresis; Catarrhal Cystitis. 
II. Spinal Cord. (Anterior.) Hypercesthesia. 
III. Muscular System. Rheumatoid Inflammation. 
Urinary Organs.-Through the renal plexus, this remedy 
has a specific and special action upon the kidneys, acting as a 
powerful diuretic, producing great increase of the urinary secre- 
tion. Large doses produce vesical irritation, with frequent desire 
to urinate, which is very urgent and painful. The urine becomes 
loaded with mucus, which is high colored and scanty. It has 
been highly extolled in gravel and renal dropsy and irritable 
bladder. 
Muscular System.-Through the spinal nervous system, it 
produces a state of the muscular system similar to rheumatism. 
It probably affects the anterior portion of the spinal cord the 
most. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Dr. Hughes says: "The drug has become my favorite remedy 
for vesical irritability in women." 
"Much smarting and burning in the urethra during urination." 
-Dr. Dresser. 
"Constant desire to urinate, passes but a few drops at a time, 
and is obliged to make the effort often."-Dr. Dresser. 
"Suppression of urine, with restlessness and moaning."-Dr. 
Dresser. 
"Burning distress in the bladder, with the urine mixed with 
mucus; or dull, aching pains in the bladder, with profuse urina- 
tion."-Dr. Dresser. EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM. 
407 
Incontinence of urine, with irritable bladder. 
Calcareous concretions in the kidneys and bladder. 
"Dull, aching pains in region of the kidneys."-Dr. Dresser. 
"Excessive irritation of the bladder, with large deposits of 
lithates."-Hale. 
"Catarrhus vesicse, attended with ulceration."-Hale. 
Rheumatic pains in the lumbar region. 
"Renal dropsy; body and extremities enormously swollen; 
scanty secretion of urine, and distressing dyspnoea."-Dr. Dresser. 
Urine albuminous. (Useful in first stage of albuminuria.) 
"The hypogastric region swollen and hot in suppression of 
urine."-Dr. Dresser. 
Dr. Hale says: "The dropsy in which it will prove curative 
will be found, generally, to be a secondary condition, preceded 
by undue excitation of the kidneys, which after a time gives 
way to the opposite condition of torpor, or passive congestion, 
resembling closely Apocynum cannabinum." 
Fever.-Very valuable in intermittent fever. 
"Paroxysms at various times of the day; chills beginning at 
the small of the back, spreading up and down the trunk and 
extremities ; violent shaking, with comparatively little coldness."- 
Hale. [Showing that the motor tract of the spine is involved.] 
"No thirst during chill, but much frontal headache."-Hale. 
Fever for several hours; nausea and vomiting, with thirst. 
"Not much sweat; on moving during the sweat, a chilliness 
would pass through the body."-Dr. Dresser. 
"Nausea as the chill is leaving, and desire to eat immediately 
after the fever."-Dr. S. Swan. 
"A heavily furred tongue, brown along the center, and a bitter, 
pappy taste with the chill."-Dr. Dresser. 
"Head feels light; can not get rid of the sensation as if the 
head was falling to the left side."-Dr. Dresser. 
"Weak, tired feeling; seems insupportable."-Dr. Dresser. 
"Numbness of the legs."-Dr. Dresser. [Rheumatism.] 
"Severe bone-pains."-Dr. Van Tagen. [In rheumatism.] 
"All symptoms are worse on the left side of the body."- 
Dr. Dresser. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-This remedy seems to have quite 
an action upon the female generative organs, and has acted well 
in ovarian and uterine atony, amenorrhoea, etc. 408 
EUPHRASIA. 
Heavy pressure above left ovary, with jerking pains; numb- 
ness, worse in ovarian region. 
Abundant leucorrhoea, with urinary complication. 
Tendency to miscarriage, with urinary troubles. 
General tendency to rheumatism; pains pass from below 
upward, with loose, bilious stools. 
Great restlessness ; tossing, moaning, tired and faint, in rheu- 
matism and bilious fevers. 
Aggravation.-Mornings. 
Amelioration.-At night. 
EUPHRASIA. 
Eye-bright. 
Habitat: Europe, Asia, America, etc. Tincture of fresh bloomirg plant, Class II. 
Antidotes.-Camph.. Puls., Bell., Merc. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Euphrasia has one 
special center of action: 
I. Mucous M. (Eyes, Nose, Lungs.) Catarrl Inflam.; Mucorrhoea. 
Mucous Membranes.-Upon the mucous membrane of the 
eye, nose, and upper portion of the respiratory organs, Euphrasia 
produces catarrhal inflammation, with copious mucous secre- 
tions ; that of the eye being very excoriating, and that from the 
nose and lungs of a bland nature. This is worth noting. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Acute catarrhal ophthalmia, with copious acrid secretions. 
Inflammation of the eye characterized by congestion of the 
conjunctiva, and great photophobia; excessive acrid lachryma- 
tion, with constant tendency to blink. 
"The secretion of tears is not only increased in quantity; it is 
altered in character; the tears are very acrid, excoriating the lids, 
which swell and ulcerate on their margins, causing inflammation 
and even suppuration of that part of the cheek which is kept wet 
by them."-D. FERRUM. 
409 
"The clinical record in ulceration of the cornea is long and 
brilliant."-I). 
"The eyes appear to be affected in almost every part, emi- 
nently, however, the conjunctiva, the- cornea, the lachrymal 
gland and sac, and the special sense."-I). 
Paralysis of the muscles of the eyes from cold. 
"The nasal mucous membrane is affected as much as the con- 
junctiva. It is swollen, and secretes an abundance of water, and, 
later, of a muco-purulent substance, with sneezing and dys- 
pnoea."-D. 
Chest.-"The mucous membrane of the throat and bronchi is 
similarly affected. There is abundant mucous secretion, a loose 
cough, and a loud bronchial rale."-D. 
Great chilliness, both externally and internally, predominates, 
with but little heat; tending to show that the posterior spinal 
cord is its center of action. 
Aggravation.-In bed, in warm air, in the light, and evenings. 
Amelioration.-Outdoors, and in the dark. 
FERRUM. 
Iron. 
An element. Europe, America, etc. Trituration. 
Antidotes-Ars , Hep.. Merc., Puls., Arn Verat. alb.. Cinch., Copper. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Ferrum has seven 
special centers of action: 
I. Blood. Albumen Decreased; Water Inc.; Ancemia; Hydrce. 
IL Spleen. Atrophy and Loss of Function. 
III. Temperature. Augmented in Health and in Disease, 
IV. Digestive Organs. Tonic. 
V. Teeth. Destruction of the Enamel. 
VI. Kidneys. Fatty Degeneration,- Albuminuria. 
VII. Elimination. Through the Intestinal Mucous Membrane. 
Blood.-Iron has a specific action upon the blood, producing 
a decrease of the albumen and an increase of the water in the 410 
FERRUM. 
serum sanguinis, and at the same time diminishing the red blood- 
corpuscles. Its action upon the blood-making organs, especially 
the spleen, is very prominent, producing atrophy, rendering it 
unable to perform its functions in the process of sanguification, 
causing true and well-marked ancemia or hydrcemia, with all their 
attendant symptoms. 
Bartholow says: "Iron is not a substance foreign to the 
organism. Chemical analysis has demonstrated its constant 
presence in the blood, in the gastric juice, chyle, lymph, bile, in 
the pigment of the eye, and traces in the milk and urine. Accord- 
ing to Gorup-Basanez (analysis of C. Schmidt), the blood of man 
contains one part of Iron to 230 of red globules, and that of beef 
one part of Iron to 194 of red globules. Iron exists in combina- 
tion in haematine; according to some, in the state of the Oxide, 
according to others as metallic Iron. That it performs a very 
important office, is shown in the rapid construction of red blood- 
globules when it is administered in anaemia. Without it, haema- 
tine is not formed, and the red globules diminish in number. By 
its medicinal use, we furnish to the blood a material which it 
needs. In health, a mixed diet contains sufficient Iron for all the 
purposes of the economy. The blood being improved in quality 
by the administration of Iron, the tissues are better nourished, 
and all the functions are performed with more vigor." 
Dr. R. Hughes says: "First of all, we notice that Iron, like 
lime, is a normal constituent of the body, and is being continually 
supplied with the food. It is in the red corpuscles of the blood 
that the metal finds its habitat and performs its functions. Now, 
it is in the deficiency of these very corpuscles wherein the 'poverty 
of blood' we call anaemia consists. It is impossible to deny the 
significance of such facts, or to resist the conclusion that the 
relation of Iron to the blood is a fact of the same order as that of 
lime to the bones. Is Iron, then, a direct food ? Is it merely by 
supplying a want of its normal proportion in the body that it 
cures anaemia? This position can not, I think, be sustained. 
The malady does not ordinarily arise from any failure in the 
quantity of Iron supplied to the food. If the element is deficient 
in the blood, the fault lies in the assimilative processes. But 
Reveil has ascertained that in anaemia there is no change what- 
ever in the amount of Iron present in the blood. However few 
the corpuscles, they contain within them the full proportion of the 
metal normal to health ; and, though under the influence of Iron 
itself they increase to double and triple the number, they yield no 
more Iron. FERRUM. 
411 
"Not, then, from want of their metallic constituent, but from 
deficiency of the red corpuscles themselves, is the blood poor in 
the condition we call anaemia. And why are the corpuscles few ? 
Their development is the ultimate result of the elaboration of the 
vital fluid; their defect must be owing to a fault somewhere exist- 
ing in the blood-making organs. Can we remedy such fault 
merely by giving an increased quantity of the pabulum, from 
which they are built up ? It can hardly be so. If the parts con- 
cerned in sanguification have proved unable to perform their task 
hitherto, they will not work the better because more material is 
supplied for their operations. What is wanted is a stimulus, elect- 
ive in its affinity for the parts concerned, and specific in its cor- 
respondence with the morbid condition induced. That we have 
such a stimulus in Iron, appears from two classes of facts,-first, 
Jts effects on the healthy; second, its operation in small doses 
in disease." 
Most physicians believe, that Iron acts on the red corpuscles 
so as to turn the oxygen contained in them into ozone, in this 
way promoting oxidation, ozone being the active form of oxygen 
in the system ; but Stille, in his "Therapeutics," says : "It is very 
probable that Iron, on entering the blood-vessels, combines 
immediately with the disks which have not yet acquired, or which 
have lost more or less of, their Ferruginous element. It enters the 
blood as a Chloride, is decomposed, combines with the disks as a 
Carbonate of the Protoxide of Iron, and in the lungs gives up 
carbonic acid and absorbs oxygen, and is thereby converted into 
a Peroxide. The white corpuscles are destitute of Iron, but, when 
once saturated with it, neither they nor the red corpuscles can 
receive any more. It is this theory which explains the facts 
pointed out by Brandis, Giacomini, Bruck, and many others, that 
Iron ceases to influence thq economy when it has once restored it 
to a healthy condition." 
Temperature.-"The influence of Iron upon calorification is 
no longer a matter of conjecture; it has been fully demonstrated 
by the numerous and accurate experiments of Pokrowski, who 
proved, that not only does it raise the temperature of the body 
when it is lowered by disease, but that, when under a given dose 
the temperature ceases to rise, it will attain a still higher degree 
if the dose is increased. The pulse becomes fuller, and the weight 
of the body, and the proportion of urea excreted, are simul- 
taneously augmented. All the preparations of Iron used for 
internal use have the same effect. Bodkin has also proved that 412 
FERRUM. 
Iron, even in healthy persons, raises the temperature above the 
normal standard. Thus it would appear that the activity of 
nutrition, and probably also of calorification, is dependent upon 
the Iron in the blood, and that, when the red blood-disks which 
contain it are most abundant, all of the functions of the economy 
attain their highest degree of activity and vigor, such as is dis- 
played in persons of a sanguine temperament."-Stille. 
Digestive Organs.-The acrid and astringent preparations of 
Iron act on the teeth with considerable energy, as shown by Dr. 
Smith, a surgeon-dentist of Edinburgh. He immersed teeth in 
various solutions of Ferruginous compounds, and found that they 
were acted upon very powerfully by the Muriated tincture, the 
Sulphate, and the Wine. In the first mentioned the fangs became 
quite soft, flexible, and the enamel was wasted away; in the sec- 
ond, the enamel and dentine were superficially softened; and in 
the third the action was scarcely appreciable. 
When the teeth become discolored, which is an effect of the 
union of the metal with the tannin contained in the food, it is 
readily removed by a stiff brush, with charcoal dentifrice, espe- 
cially if the latter contain tannic acid. The blue color produced 
by the Iodide of Iron, can be removed by a solution of Carbonate 
of Soda. 
"The physiological action of Iron is not limited merely to the 
construction of red blood. When there is no intolerance to its 
presence in the stomach, it promotes the appetite and invigorates 
the digestion. By increasing the disposition for food and the dis- 
position to dispose of it, Iron acts as a stomachic tonic. Hence, 
when given in a healthy state, or when administered for too 
long a period in disease, the gastric glands become exhausted by 
over-stimulation; and then, it is said, the Iron disagrees. Being 
a restorative, its use is contra-indicated in a condition of plethora, 
especially when there exists a tendency to hemorrhage, or when 
there is reason to suspect an atheromatous state of the cerebral 
vessels. 
"In large doses, the soluble preparations of Iron give rise to 
nausea and vomiting. Some of them possess more or less toxic 
activity; the per-salts are more active than the proto-salts. The 
Iodide and Chloride, the Nitrate and Sulphate, are the most 
active, death having ensued from the tincture of the Chloride, in 
one case (Christison), and alarming symptoms having occurred 
in others (Taylor). FERRUM. 
413 
"Certain preparations of the salts of Iron, as the Sulphate, the 
Nitrate, the Chlorides, possess a high degree of astringency. 
Hence they produce constipation when taken internally. Brought 
into contact with blood, they coagulate it, forming a tough, 
brownish magma, and, as the albuminous elements of the tissues 
are solidified, they are powerful haemostatics."-Bartholow. 
Stille says : Among the preparations of Iron, there are three 
which may occasion poisonous effects. They are the Iodide, the 
Chlorides, and the Sulphates. In their irritant operation, how- 
ever, it is not their metallic element which is active; it is the 
Iodine, the Chlorine, or the Sulphuric acid which is the chief 
cause of the toxical phenomena. Thus, Iodide of Iron, given to 
animals in excessive doses, occasions vomiting, purging, gastric 
inflammation, and death; and the. remaining compounds have 
produced fatal effects. Experiments upon animals by Dr. Janies 
Blake show that the quantity of the different salts of Iron 
required, when introduced into the blood, to produce death, is 
extremely different; for, while sixty to seventy grains of the proto- 
salt can be circulated in the blood without producing any fatal 
symptoms, four or five grains of the per-salt will destroy life." 
Elimination.-"An interesting and important question is, 
How much Iron is absorbed into the blood ? Probably but little 
of the insoluble forms, as the quantity of acid in the stomach 
is not adequate to dissolve them; and, as regards the soluble 
preparations, it is hard to say how much gets into the blood. 
The increase of the Iron in the urine being very slight after 
administering a soluble Iron salt, it has been concluded that 
very little passes into the blood; and the fact that almost all the 
Iron taken by the mouth may be reobtained from the faeces, 
seems to strengthen the view; but an extended knowledge con- 
cerning the elimination of metals from the body shows this 
conclusion to be fallacious. Probably most metals, but certainly 
Iron, are eliminated from the system through the intestines, and 
make their exit with the faeces; for, when Iron salts are injected 
into the blood, almost all the metal is ultimately recoverable 
from the faeces. That much more is absorbed than is appropri- 
ated by the blood-corpuscles, is shown by the coloration Iron 
produces in all the albuminous secretions of the body, the fluids 
bathing the various cavities becoming colored reddish-brown."- 
Ringer. 414 
FERRUM. 
Preparations of Iron.-Among the fifty or more prepara- 
tions of Iron, my favorite ones are the following, commencing 
with the most valuable, and ending with the least: 
Ferrum Reductum.-Iron by hydrogen. This is of an iron- 
gray color, and is the most useful Ferruginous preparation for* 
general internal use. I use the 1st and 2d dec. 
Ferri Pyrophosphas.-The Pyrophosphate of Iron. In apple- 
green scales, wholly soluble in water. Ranks about equal to the 
first mentioned ; 1st and 2d dec. 
Ferri Chloridum.-Chloride of Iron. In orange-yellow, crys- 
talline pieces, very deliquescent, and wholly soluble in water, 
alcohol, and Ether; 1st to 6th attenuation. 
Ferri et Strychnine Citrus.-Citrate of Iron and Strychnia, one 
grain of Strychnia to one hundred grains of the compound. This 
is a very useful preparation of Iron in the three first triturations. 
Ferrum Dialysatum.-Dialysed Iron. This preparation is 
made by the process of diffusion, and is Iron in the colloid state. 
It is odorless, without the styptic taste of the Ferruginous prep- 
arations, does not blacken the teeth, is free from irritant action, 
and does not constipate. It will no doubt prove to be the best 
form in which to administer Iron. For four years I have given 
this preparation, from five to ten drops at a dose, from two to 
three times a day, of the crude drug, and am delighted with 
its action. 
Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis.-Solution of Subsulphate of Iron 
(Monsel's solution). For local use, this is the most powerful 
styptic we have. 
Therapeutic Individual!ty. 
Anaemia, with pale face and lips, and great debility. 
"The treatment of anaemia by Iron is one of the few satis- 
factory and certain things in modern medicine. From whatever 
cause this condition may arise,-whether it he the chlorosis of 
defective menstruation, or the simple poverty of blood induced 
by hemorrhages, deficiency of air. light, and suitable food, or 
by exhausting diseases,-Iron is the one great remedy."-7?. 
Hughes, M. D. 
"Anaemia under the mask of plethora and congestion, accom- 
panied by a whitish color of the mucous membranes."-Dr. H. 
Goullon. 
"Weakly persons, with fiery red face."-G. 
"The least emotion or exertion causes a red, flushed face."-G. FERRUM. 
415 
"Ashy pale or greenish face, with pains or other symptoms; 
the face becomes bright red."-Raue. 
"Face becomes suddenly fiery-red, with vertigo; ringing in 
the ears; great palpitation of the heart, and dyspnoea."-G. 
"Can not keep the head quiet; at intervals the face looks 
earthy and pale."-G. 
The rush of blood to the head, with swollen veins, and flushes 
of heat to the face, is a marked symptom of Iron. 
The muscles are feeble, and easily exhausted from slight exer- 
tion, with bellows sound of the heart, and anaemic murmur of the 
arteries and veins. 
"Relaxation and weakness of the entire musculature, and 
emaciation; weakness of digestion; coldness of the extremities." 
-Goullon. 
"Great paleness of the mucous membranes, especially that 
of the cavity of the mouth."-Raue. 
"Always better from walking slowly about, notwithstanding 
weakness obliges the patient to lie down."-G. 
Digestive Organs.-"Everything vomited tastes sour and 
acid ; vomiting of food, with a fiery-red face, and renewed vomiting 
after eating."- G. [Only after eating.] 
"Vomiting of the ingesta after every cough."G. 
"Vomiting at midnight."-G. 
Stools.-Lienteria; stools of undigested food, without pain. 
(This is one of the best indications for Iron we have.) 
Chronic constipation; ineffectual urging; anaemia; easily 
flushed head and face, with cold hands and feet. 
"Chronic watery diarrhoea in children, usually soon after 
eating and drinking, without pain and effort, mostly containing 
undigested substances."-Dr. Goullon. 
"Frequent diarrhoeic stools, corroding the anus, the face being 
fiery-red."-G. 
"Obstinate diarrhoea, composed of slime and undigested food; 
stools painless, excoriating and exhausting."-G. 
"Diarrhoea worse mornings; bad sleep before midnight."- 
J. C. Morgan, M. D. 
"The bowels feel sore on touching them, as if they had been 
bruised, or weakened by cathartics."-Raue. 
"Stools, watery: slimy mucous; undigested; involuntary; 
painless."-Dr. J. B. Bell. 416 
FERRUM. 
Urinary Organs.-Nocturnal enuresis; urine dark red, with 
sometimes mucous sediment,-depending on irritability of the 
trigone and cervix vesicse. 
Albuminuria, with chronic fatty degeneration, much anaemia, 
and excessive prostration, with anasarca. (Ferr. et Strych. Cit.) 
For chronic gleet, with anaemia, use it internally and as an 
injection. 
Iron is a decided irritant to the urethra and neck of the 
bladder, and has often cured chronic vesical catarrh and gleet. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Anaemia of the ovaries, with 
amenorrhoea and general anaemia. 
"Previous to the menses, she has stinging headache, ringing 
in the ears, and discharge of long pieces of mucus from the 
uterus."-G. 
"Menorrhagia in weakly persons; menses too frequent, too 
profuse, and last too long, with fiery-red face."-G. 
During the menses, must keep perfectly still, the least move- 
ment greatly aggravates the flow; uterine hemorrhages. 
"Menses intermit two or three days, and then return, the 
blood being very pale."-G. 
"Much itching of the vulva; in delicate, weakly females, with 
fiery-red face."-G. 
"Leucorrhoea like watery milk, smarting and corroding the 
parts when first appearing."-G. 
Chest.-Congestion of the blood to the lungs, with heemoptysis, 
attended with palpitation of heart, obliging patient to sit up. 
Asthma, with oppression of the chest, anxiety at the pit of the 
stomach, preventing respiration. 
"Pulmonary tuberculosis; especially in young, florid subjects, 
with a remarkable erethism of the vascular system, and inclina- 
tion +o congestion toward the chest."-Dr. Goullon. 
"Hremoptysis, better when walking slowly."-Jafcr. 
"Spitting blood, with flying pains in the chest."- G. 
"General hemorrhagic tendency."-Lippe. 
Flying pains in the chest; blood-spitting; easily flushed, with 
epistaxis, dyspnoea, and palpitation. 
Fever.-Great chilliness and want of animal heat; the cold- 
ness in the bed often lasts all night. 
Great congestion of blood to the head and face, with heat, 
while the rest of the body is cold. 417 
FERRUM. 
Intermittents after abuse of Quinine, congestions to the head, 
veins distended; vomiting of the ingesta; enlarged spleen, anae- 
mia masked by pseudo-plethora. 
Patient sweats easily, especially at night, during sleep, or on 
being covered; clammy, debilitating. 
"(Edematous swelling of the body; cool skin; constant chilli- 
ness, and evening fever, simulating hectic fever."-Hempel. 
Much coldness in the evening, and at night. 
"Rheumatism of the deltoid muscle, of a tearing, laming 
nature ; worse in bed."-Dr. John Ellis. 
"Remitting pains, worse at night, driving him out of bed; 
motion diminishes the pain."-Jahr. 
"Dropsy after loss of fluids, abuse of Cinchona, intermittent 
fever; anasarca, with great debility. 
Anaemic people, with indurated glands; constitutional syphilis. 
(Iodide of Iron.) 
Aggravation.-In the morning and while at rest, especially 
when sitting still, and from noise. 
Amelioration.-From slow exercise, and during the day. 
FILIX MAS. 
Male Fern. 
Habitat: Europe, America, etc. Ethereal Ti. cture of the fresh root, in July, Class III. 
I. Intestinal Canal. Parasiticide. 
Intestinal Tract.-This is an especial poison to the tape- 
worm, given in large doses of an infusion of the root. Wood 
says, it should be given in doses of two fluid ounces, or one 
drachm of the Ethereal extract every three hours for one day, a 
milk diet being observed, followed by a brisk cathartic in the 
evening. 418 
GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. 
GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. 
Yellow Jessamine. 
Habitat: America, Mexico, etc. Tincture of the fresh root, Class III. 
Antidotes.-Ether, Cofi., Caps., Electricity, Cinch., Nux vom. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Gelsemium has eight special cen- 
ters of action: 
I. Cerebro-Sp. S. Centric Motor and Sen. Paralysis; Congest. 
II. Lungs. Paralysis of the Respiratory Center; Asphyxia. 
III. Eyes. Diplopia; Pupil Contr'ted; Mus. ParaVed; Ptosis. 
IV. Heart. Paralysis; Blood-Pressure Lessened. 
V. Temperature. Loivered in Disease. 
VI. Sexual 0., Male. Mus. Paralysis; Emissions; Impotence. 
VII. Sexual 0., Female. Motor Spasms; Paralysis; Neuralgia. 
VIII. Urinary Organs. Diuresis; Sphincter Paralysis; Enuresis. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-The grand center of action for this 
remedy is upon the motor portion of the spinal cord, paralyzing 
motility first, and then sensibility. "The retention of conscious- 
ness until very late in the poisoning, both in man and the lower 
animals, shows that the drug has very little power over the higher 
cerebrum, although the drowsiness and the final loss of conscious- 
ness prove that it is not entirely devoid of such influence. The 
two most prominent symptoms caused by the drug are the con- 
vulsions and the paralysis. The first question that is to be deter- 
mined is, whether the convulsion is cerebral, spinal or peripheral. 
That it is not cerebral, is proven by its occurrence in the pithed 
frog, and below the point of section in mammals with divided spi- 
nal cord. That it is not peripheral, is proven by its taking place 
in the posterior extremities when the lower aorta is tied before 
the poisoning. The cause of the convulsions at present remains 
inexplicable. Ringer and Murrell conceive that there are present 
in Gelsemium two active and antagonistic substances,- one a 
tetanizant, the other a paralyzant. GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. 
419 
"The paralysis in poisoning by Gelsemia is evidently spinal in 
its origin, as its development is not affected by tying an artery 
before poisoning so as to protect a limb, and as the afferent and 
motor nerves and muscles preserve their functional activity until 
death (Ott, Bartholow, Ringer and Murrell). It is a matter of 
some importance, in explaining the spinal action of the drug, to 
determine its influence upon the different portions of the cord."- 
Dr. II. C. Wood. 
Bartholow says : "I have demonstrated that Gelsemium is a 
paralyzer of motility and sensibility; that sensibility is first 
affected in cold-blooded animals (frogs), and afterward motility; 
and that in warm-blooded animals the motility is affected before 
sensibility. As respects the seat of action, I have ascertained 
that the end organs of the motor nerves, and the nerve-trunks, 
do not lose their irritability, and that the muscular contractility 
is unimpaired. 'Its paralyzing effect is due to its action on the 
motor center, and not to an action on the peripheral nerve fibers. 
It acts also on the sensory portion of the cord, producing at last 
complete ansesthesia; but this effect in warm-blooded animals, 
and in man, is toxic only, and follows the paralysis of the motor 
functions.' Applying the precise observations which are made 
upon animals to the explanation of the lethal effects which have 
occurred in man, we are conducted to the following conclusions: 
The disorders of voluntary movements, and the more or less com- 
plete paralysis of the motor and of the sensory functions, are due 
to the effects of Gelsemium on the motor and sensory portions of 
the cord, the functions of the sensory columns resisting longer the 
action of the poison." 
Ringer says: "In the lower animals, Gelsemium acts first on 
the respiratory center, then on the spinal cord. In man, however, 
the muscles of the upper eyelids, or, more probably, their motor 
nerves, are considerably affected before either the cord or respir- 
atory center. We are justified in concluding that in man the drug 
acts upon the spinal cord before it involves the respiratory center; 
for, in several instances, it is recorded that the patient has recov- 
ered from a condition of complete paralysis. In my experiments 
on cats, rabbits, and dogs, I found that the animal died from 
asphyxia before there was any great impairment of voluntary 
power. I draw special attention to the fact that the paralysis of 
the cord always precedes the tetanus. Gelsemia has the power 
first of weakening and then of tetanizing the cord, thus corre- 
sponding to Jaborandi, Buxus sempervirens, and other drugs." 420 
GELSEMIUM SEMPERV1RENS. 
Lungs.-"Gelsemium is a powerful respiratory poison; indeed, 
this drug generally, if not always, destroys warm-blooded animals 
by asphyxia before it produces complete paralysis. It produces 
no primary quickening of respiration, and does not paralyze the 
phrenic nor the intercostal nerves; and it acts after the division 
of both vagi. It asphyxiates, as Dr. B. Sanderson has shown, by 
paralyzing the automatic respiratory center."-Ringer. 
"Gelsemium usually kills by a paralysis of respiration immedi- 
ately after the ingestion; the extent of the respiration, but not its 
rate, is increased; very shortly, however, both rate and depth 
enter a condition of progressive palsy ending in death."-Wood. 3 
Brain.-An early and prominent symptom of the brain is ver- 
tigo. "Some felt it over the whole head; but by far the larger 
number said it was limited to the brows; standing or walking 
made it much worse. When well marked, the patients staggered, 
and were afraid even to stand, much less walk. So giddy was one 
patient that he nearly fell off the form. Some described their 
heads as going round and round; they felt and seemed drunk, 
though without any incoherence or mental excitement."-Ringer. 
Pain in the Head and Eyes.-"It was generally limited to the 
forehead, and most marked just over the eyes. Some called it a 
dull sensation over the eyes ; others a heavy pain ; others a giddy 
pain; and one patient experienced pain over the occiput, with a 
sensation as if the crown of the head was being lifted off in two 
pieces. This headache was sometimes absent, sometimes followed 
instead of preceding the other symptoms. Dull, aching pains in 
the eyeballs, now and then shooting in character, occasionally 
worse in one ball, sometimes followed and sometimes preceded 
the headache. The headache and pain in the eyeballs were often 
severe, and were intensified on moving the eyes. When ptosis 
was well marked, the effort to open the eyes wide caused consider- 
able pain; relieved by closing the eyes."-Ringer. 
Eye.-The influence this drug has upon the eye is most 
marked and decided. "Dimness of sight and giddiness appear to 
be the most constant symptoms, and may exist without headache, 
pain in the eyeballs, or double vision. At first the sight, without 
being misty, is not so clear as usual; then a slight mist comes 
before the eyes, one patient comparing it to a 'lot of smoke rising 
before the eyes,' and another to a 'thick veil.' At last the sight 
becomes so affected that it fails almost completely, failing first 
with distant objects; then, with further impairment of vision, GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. 
421 
nearer and nearer objects look hazy. In poisoned dogs, after the 
production of slight muscular weakness, the sight became almost 
lost, for the animal ran straight against objects without trying to 
avoid them, evidently not seeing them. 
"Diplopia.-The drug seems to produce two kinds of diplopia, 
one much more persistent than the other. As to the transient 
kind, we find it on many occasions a very passing phenomenon, 
lasting only a few seconds, then disappearing; then, after a few 
minutes, reappearing. In this transient form, images in the 
median vertical line appear double, distant objects at first under- 
going the duplication. Sometimes the patient was conscious of 
the onset of the diplopia. Thus, one woman said: T know it is 
now coming on, I feel such a heavy weight under my upper eye- 
lid.' The double vision then came on, and with the heaviness 
passed away in a few seconds. One image was higher than the 
other, the images in this respect varying much. Mr. T. Fox rap- 
idly recorded from the patient's lips the phenomena occurring, 
as fast as they could be written: 'One gas jet appears about six 
inches above the other, and there are six inches between them 
horizontally; the upper one is to the left; now the right is upper- 
most ; now the left slightly again; going over to the right now 
again; exactly over one another now, and quite close together; now 
again separated, left the highest; now over one another.' With 
other patients, the two images seem on a level. The transient 
usually precedes the more constant form, recurring from time to 
time, while the constant form persisted. 
"The phenomena of the constant form of diplopia follow a def- 
inite order, and take place in the unper half only of the field of 
vision. They occur first with objects held at the extreme right or 
left of the visual field ; and, as the patient passes more under the 
influence of the drug, then with objects held nearer and nearer 
the middle line ; and, at last, usually for a short time only, objects 
in the median vertical plane seem double. As the effect of the 
drug wears off, the double vision disappears in the inverse order. 
The outer lateral image is the higher, and the further the object 
is carried to the right or left the greater is the horizontal and verti- 
cal distance between the images. When colored glass is placed 
before either eye, the outer and higher image is seen by the covered 
eye. When the object is carried high above the head, the two 
images gradually coalesce, and the object looks very much thin- 
ner-'like a thread.' With well-developed diplopia, there is im- 
paired movement of the eyeball, chiefly affecting, as far as could 
be ascertained, the external and internal rectus, especially the 422 
external; for the outward and inward movement of the eyeball is 
less free than before the action of the medicine. The ball appears 
to be moved by a greater effort, so that, when carried as far as the 
weakened muscles are capable, it oscillates,-as though the patient 
with a great effort moved it as far as he could, and then the tired 
muscles gave way a little, but, being roused to an effort, they car- 
ried the eye back again; the frequent repetition of this effort giv- 
ing rise to an oscillation. 
"The external rectus is generally first affected, and, not infre- 
quently, one external rectus sooner than, and in excess of, the 
other. Even when the diplopia is strongly marked, the loss of 
power over the muscles is not very great, and there is no obvious 
squinting. Then, as the patient becomes still more affected, pto- 
sis supervenes, and a great part of the whole of the upper half 
of the field of vision is cut off. The loss of power in the eye mus- 
cles is then more marked, but without the occurrence of obvious 
squinting. At this time the symptoms no longer follow the order 
previously described, but assume various forms, often changing 
rapidly. Thus, while on one side the outer image is the higher, 
if the object is carried to the other side of the field, the inner im- 
age becomes the higher; or, perhaps, for the first few seconds the 
outer and then the inner is the higher. 
"Strange to say, the effect of an internal dose of Gelsemium 
is opposite to that occasioned by its application to the eye itself. 
When given by the mouth in doses sufficient to produce symp- 
toms, the drug, in every instance but one, caused contraction of 
the pupil; indeed, in the case in which the drug produced weak- 
ness of the legs, with a strong double internal squint, the pupils 
w'ere contracted to a pin's point. The contraction of the pupil 
does not cease on the disappearance of diplopia or dimness; 
indeed, when the dimness passes away, the contraction of the 
pupil may increase. Dr. 0. Berger finds, and my observations 
confirm his statements, that dilatation of the pupils in poisoned 
animals occurs only when asphyxia from paralysis of respiration 
has set in, and that artificial respiration at once causes the pupils 
to contract. 
"On the other hand, the topical application to the eye dilates 
the pupil. In the first instance, I employed a tincture (1 in 10) 
of the American liquid extract. These preparations dilate the 
pupil slightly; but they excite great irritation. Subsequently, I em- 
ploy the Alkaloid prepared by Mr. Gerrard,-one grain in twenty 
minims of water,-a solution which causes scarcely any smarting. 
Mr. T. Fox and Mr. Sydney Pierce made for me nineteen obser- 
GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. 
423 
vations. A few drops of the solution were put into the eye, and 
in each case of this trial the pupil became widely dilated, the 
dilatation usually beginning in about thirty minutes. Not only 
does the pupil dilate, but the muscles of accommodation become 
paralyzed and the sight affected. The vision again becomes 
nearly natural in twenty-four hours; but the pupil remains 
dilated much longer,-sometimes, indeed, for a week, or even 
a fortnight."-Ringer. 
Dilatation of the Pupil.-"That the local application of Gel- 
semia to the eye produces violent mydriasis, with paralysis of 
accommodation, indicates very strongly that the dilatation is pro- 
duced, in poisoning by the drug, through an influence exerted 
upon the peripheral nerve ending in the eye. The palsy of the 
external rectus and the ptosis indicate that such action is para- 
lytic ; so that it is a probable conclusion that peripheral oculo- 
motor paralysis is the cause of the dilatation of the pupil."- 
Wood. 
Ringer says: "We are forced to accept the feasible assump- 
tion, that, topically applied, Gelsemium has a stronger affinity 
for the termination of the branches of the third supplying the 
iris, than for the branches distributed to the orbital muscles." 
Heart and Circulation.-Dr. H. C. Wood says: "The action 
of moderate doses of Gelsemium upon the circulation is not very 
marked. That in toxic amounts it depresses both the pulse rate 
and pressure, is abundantly shown by the symptoms of poisoning 
in man, and by Dr. Ott's experiments upon animals. As the 
pulse rate and pressure were reduced in these experiments after 
previous section of all the cardiac nerves and of the spinal cord, 
it is evident that the poison exerts a direct influence upon the 
heart. How far the vaso-motor centers are influenced by the 
drug, has not been accurately determined." 
Dr. Ringer made thirty-three series of observations, producing 
the full toxic effects of the drug upon patients. In twenty-two 
out of the thirty-three observations, the pulse remained unaf- 
fected. With the patient fully under the influence of the drug, 
the pulse became a little smaller and softer. These observations 
show that the Gelsemium produces little if any effect upon the 
circulation,-a conclusion confirmed by observations on the lower 
animals. Dr. Burdon Sanderson concludes, from a kymographic 
experiment on a rabbit, that Gelsemium exerts no influence upon 
the blood-pressure. 424 
GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. 
In sensitive people, Dr. Douglas (its original prover) states 
that he has repeatedly seen it produce a decided febrile chill, with 
subsequent reaction; the pulse is not very rapid, inclines to be 
full and soft; tongue has a moist, white fur. The main symptoms 
are those of oppression, with dull pains in the head, back, and 
legs,-such fevers as are produced by malaria, or some exan- 
themata. 
Temperature.-Dr. Ringer believes that Gelsemium affects 
the temperature but little. In malarial fevers, the temperature 
is reduced slightly by the drug. But Dr. Bartholow claims that 
a very considerable reduction of temperature occurs from lethal 
doses in warm-blooded animals. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"Primarily, Gelsemium causes impo- 
tence from lack of muscular power in the penis, while it does not 
abolish sexual desire. Emissions that occur in the night with 
dreams, or by day from sexual excitement, without erections. Of 
great utility in spermatorrhoea."-Hale. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Dr. Hale says: "The primary 
effect of large doses of Gelsemium on the uterus, is to cause a 
paralysis of its motor power. This condition leads to those mor- 
bid states for which the remedy has been used so successfully in 
the high potencies; viz., atony, resulting in want of contractility, 
false labor-pains, passive hemorrhages from loss of contractility. 
It causes congestion of the uterus, spasmodic pains, neuralgic pains, 
associated with cramps in the uterus and legs; and I know no better 
remedy in most cases of dysmenorrhoea, violent after-pains, and 
cramps in the uterine ligaments. It affects all of the sphincter 
muscles." 
Urinary Organs.-The action of Gelsemium upon the kid- 
neys is to cause nervous excitement, with a profuse flow of limpid, 
"nervous urineand it produces a paretic state of the sphincter 
muscle of the bladder, causing enuresis and "wetting the bed," 
aild spasmodic retention of urine. 
Digestive Organs.-Its action here is but very slight. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
This remedy is especially adapted to nervous, excitable, hys- 
terical females; sensitive people and little children; to male and 
female onanists, and to malarial diseases. GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. 
425 
Hysteria, with spasms, palpitation of the heart, great nervous 
excitability, and copious flow of nervous urine. 
Head.-Great depression of spirits in onanists, with confusion 
of'the mind, and excessive languor. 
Intense congestion of the brain in children during dentition. 
Nervous headache; the pain commences in the cervical por- 
tion of the spinal cord, and then spreads over the whole head. 
(See Sanguinaria.) "Nux vomica is opposite; its pain extends 
from over the head down the spine."-F. 
"Sensation as of a band drawn tightly around the head above 
the ears, with a feeling of great soreness of the scalp and brain." 
-H. V. Miller, M. D. 
"Can not get to sleep on going to bed at night, on account of 
thinking, which she can not control, in sensitive people."-J. C. 
Morgan. 
"It has no anxiety with fear of death, like Aconite and Vera- 
trum viride, but a torpor, a sleepiness, and dread of movement, 
which is an unfailing indication."-Hale. 
"The typical headache may come on suddenly, with dimness 
of sight or double vision; vertigo; great heaviness of the head, it 
feels too big, and often too light; semi-stupor; heavy expression ; 
full pulse, and general malaise."-Hale. 
"Gelsemium stands foremost where symptoms of depression 
from heat show themselves; vertigo, dilatation of the pupils, 
dimness of sight, and a dull, confused headache spreading from the 
occiput over the whole head; no thirst; no appetite, and feels 
completely played out."-S'. Lilienthal. 
"Blind headaches, shooting pains into the ears when swallow- 
ing ; can not sit or lie, has to stand or walk."-S. Swan. 
Vertigo as if intoxicated, with headache and blindness, and 
great drowsiness. In malarial poisoning. 
"In all cerebral affections, stupor of the mental faculties, and 
wild, incoherent delirium, are the rule, while active excitement 
and violent delirium are the exception."-E. M. Hale. [Except 
in hysterical diseases.] 
Eyes.-"Especially adapted to diseases of the fundus, and 
paralysis of the nerves."-A. and N. 
"Ptosis coming on after an attack of ophthalmia, cured in 
forty-eight hours."-A. andN. 
"In inflammatory affections of the retina and choroid, it is 
particularly useful."-A. and N. 426 
GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. 
Asthenopia, with insufficiency of external rectus; the edges of 
the lid get red, look as if they had been crying, with hypermetro- 
phia ; photophobia from sun or gas light. (Many cases cured by 
W. H. Woodyatt, M. D.) 
"Paralysis of the lids; heaviness, impossible to raise the lids; 
constant inclination to squint."-A. and N. 
"Diplopia; can correct it by his will; diplopia on looking 
sideways ; diplopia and dim vision during pregnancy. Swimming, 
black specks before the eyes; vision dim, can neither read nor 
write, words run together; can not recognize one across the 
room, with heat in the eyes extending to the forehead, as if a 
snake were before his vision, with pain over the eyes; blindness, 
dilated pupils, and photophobia."-A. and N. 
"Paralysis of the oculo-motor and of the abducens; diplopia, 
and spasms of various muscles throughout the body."-A. and N. 
"Retinitis from albuminuria, with sudden dimness of vision, 
and white patches; extravasations of blood in the retina."-A. 
■and N. 
"Chorio-retinitis; there seems to be a bluish snake before the 
vision. In detachment of the retina, great benefit has been seen 
from the use of Gelsemium."-A. and N. 
"Serous choroiditis, with decided hypersemia of the optic nerve 
and retina; haziness of the vitreous humor; aching pain over 
and in the eyes; dilated pupil, great soreness of the eyeball 
to the touch. Small, transparent points on the cornea, look like 
swollen ends of nerve-filaments; very sore to touch or move- 
ment. Amaurosis; pupils dilated, vision nearly lost, following 
diphtheria."-A. and N. 
Amaurosis from masturbation ; mind and body prostrated. 
Eyeballs oscillate laterally when using them. 
Congestive facial neuralgia ; the pains are grumbling or shoot- 
ing ; worse on pressure, especially if malarial. 
Digestive Organs.-Tongue and glottis partially paralyzed ; 
speech thick, from congestion of the base of the brain ; can 
hardly protrude the tongue, it trembles so. 
Dysphagia ; paralysis of the organs of deglutition. 
Painful sensation of a lump in the oesophagus that can not be 
swallowed, in hysterical women. 
Involuntary diarrhoea from depressing emotions. 
Catarrhal diarrhoea, with spasmodic colic and tenesmus. 
Kidneys.-Profuse, copious, limpid urine, in nervous hys- 
tenral women. GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. 
427 
"Enuresis, from paralysis of the sphincter; wetting the bed, 
in children; paralysis of the bladder in old people, and invol- 
untary micturition from exciting emotions."-E. M. Hale 
Dysuria, and spasmodic retention of urine. 
Bladder.-Paralysis of sphincter vesicae following diphtheria. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Weak, irritable sexual organs. 
Spermatorrhoea without erections; much fiaccidity and cold- 
ness of the genital organs, accompanied with great languor and 
depression of spirits. Nocturnal emissions, with sexual dreams; 
followed the next day by great languor and irritability, with pain 
in the base of the brain. 
Gonorrhoea, acute stage; many physicians think no remedy is 
more useful (given in the tincture); but give me Aconite every 
time. W. F. Green, M. D., says Gelsemium is a sovereign 
remedy in the acute stages, in doses of from one to four drops of 
the tincture every two to four hours. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Especially adapted to hysterical 
women, with spasms, feeling as if there was a lump in the throat 
that can not be swallowed, and a general numbness of the 
extremities. 
Hysterical women, with rigid os during labor, attended with 
much nervous excitement. 
For sudden hysterical spasms, put ten drops of the tincture, 
or first dilution, in half a glass of water, and give one dessert 
spoonful every half-hour or hour. It will cure about every case 
we are called to treat. 
Dysmenorrhcea, with a feeling of faintness, at the stomach, 
with vertigo and headache; the flow is scanty, and very painful. 
(Give it in hot water. Dr. M. F. Page claims, that, if the rem- 
edy is given in hot water, it acts much better, because it is 
absorbed with greater celerity.) 
Dysmenorrhcea, with spasmodic neuralgic pains, with cramps 
in the uterus and legs ; and a general hysterical condition. 
Rigid os uteri; deficient, irregular labor-pains, passing from 
before backward; face flushed, and patient dull and apathetic. 
"After-pains; cramps in the uterus, commencing in front and 
extending upward and backward."-Dr. Hale. 
"There is no more generally useful remedy in ovarian neu- 
ralgia. The pains of dysmenorrhcea are greatly relieved by it. 
The evidence is conclusive that it suspends after-pains, and 
quiets the nagging pains of the first stage of labor."-Bartholow. 428 
GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. 
"Threatened with convulsions during confinement; the pulse 
large and soft; face puffed, and the expression heavy."-Hale. 
Threatened abortion from sudden depressing emotions. 
"During pregnancy; double vision, headache; drowsiness, 
vertigo, pulsating carotids, small, slow pulse; can not walk, for 
the muscles will not obey; cramps in the abdomen and legs; 
convulsions with unconsciousness."-Hg. 
"Sensation of a wave from uterus to throat, ending with a 
choking feeling; impeding labor; impending spasms."-Hg. 
Fever.-Nervous chills, with shivering, and chattering of the 
teeth, depending upon some irritation of the nerves of motion, in 
very sensitive subjects; from fear or fright; they often attend 
relaxation of the os uteri in labor, or occur after labor has just 
been completed. 
"Gelsemium is the remedy when the fever develops under 
circumstances which favor a paresis of the motor nerves of both 
voluntary and involuntary muscles. It corresponds to that stage 
in which the blood-vessels are dilated and full, but lack the firm- 
ness and resistance of a fully developed sthenic inflammation. 
Such a form of fever is accompanied by languor, muscular 
weakness, desire for absolute rest, and drowsiness."-Dr. E. 
A. Farrington. 
"Irritable, sensitive children, sometimes w7akeful; nervous, 
even threatened with convulsions; or drowsy; eyelids heavy, 
want to remain perfectly quiet; chills up and down the back; 
followed by fever, with increased drowsiness; pulse full, soft; 
sweat moderate, with relief."-Dr. E. A. Farrington. 
"Fever without thirst, wants to be still and rest."-J. B. Bell. 
This is a very valuable remedy in intermittents, where the 
nervous symptoms predominate. The chill and fever are severe, 
but not much sweat; occur daily, with great restlessness. 
Irritative, remittent, and intermittent fevers in very nervous, 
sensitive people and children, with excessive erethism, and no 
gastric, hepatic, or visceral complications. 
"Chills begin in feet or hands and run upward; long but not 
hard chill; great nervousness; evenings."-J. Jeanes, M. D. 
Catarrhal fevers ; chilliness up the back ; can not move away 
from the fire without chilliness, with torpid condition. 
Typhoid fever; the nervous symptoms predominate ; the patient 
is drowsy and stupid, with great debility; legs and arms tremble 
when moving, with some chilliness. 
Eruptive fevers, especially measles, with torpor and a tendency 
to convulsions, and great nervousness. GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS. 
429 
Cerebro-spinal fevers, especially if caused by malaria, with 
stupor, and tendency to convulsions ; intense passive congestion; 
wild, incoherent delirium; sweating relieves; trembling, weak 
limbs; bruised pains in the muscles. 
Lungs.-Convulsive, spasmodic cough, especially in hysterical 
wTomen. Irritative cough without expectoration. 
"Where there is excessive excitability of the respiratory cen- 
ter ; a small secretion of mucus, with violent and frequent cough." 
-Ringer. 
"It is all the better indicated in catarrhal difficulties, if motor 
disturbances occur, such as spasm of the larynx, pharynx, and 
glottis; or so-called spasmodic asthma."-Hale. 
"Congestive stage of pneumonia; excessive restlessness."-Hg. 
"A feeling as if the heart would stop beating."-Hg. 
Cardiac neuroses, especially if in hysterical subjects. 
Spine.-Pains from spine to the base of the brain. 
Congestion of the spine; bruised feeling of the muscles, which 
will not obey the will, with languor and prostration. 
Dull, heavy pains in the sacral region. Paralytic condition 
of the lumbar and sacral muscles in onanists. 
In progressive locomotor ataxy, Dr. R. McClatchey has found 
it, in the low dilutions and tincture, of great value. 
Feeling of lightness in the body from spinal exhaustion in 
onanists and hysterical subjects. 
Extremities.-Deep-seated muscular pains in legs, relieved 
by motion. 
"Deep-seated dull aching pains in the limbs and joints, gen- 
erally induced by cold, with loss of motion."-Hg. 
"Coldness of the extremities, especially of the feet, as if in cold 
water; anguish and pain in the legs."-Hg. 
"Heaviness, weight; loss of voluntary motion; muscles will 
not obey the will; calves feel bruised, pain at night."-Hg. 
Numbness; feeling as if the limbs were going to sleep, in 
nervous, hysterical subjects. General paralysis. 
Antidote.-Electricity is said to be a complete antidote to 
Gelsemium. 
Aggravation.-By rest; warmth in bed; sudden emotions; 
fright; wine ; and damp, changeable weather. 
Amelioration.-From open air; cold; and continued motion. 430 
GLONOINE. 
GLONOINE. 
Nitro-Glycerine. 
Chemical remedy. Alcoholic attenuations. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Coff., Nux vom., Aeon , Amyl, Ether, Secale.. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Glonoine has three special 
centers of action: 
I. Cerebro-Spinal System. Centric Vaso-Motor Paralysis. 
II. V agl Inhibitory Fibers Paralyzed; Circulation Excited. 
III. Gastro-Intestinal Canal. Neuroses; Congestion; Catharsis. 
Brain and Spinal Cord.-Through the cerebro-spinal nervous 
system, this powerful remedy acts especially on the cerebral 
blood-vessels, irritating the brain, medulla oblongata, and vagi. 
No remedy causes so quickly and so violently such a severe con- 
gestive, throbbing, and bursting headache. This results from 
increased action of the heart and arteries; and it is sometimes 
attended with nausea and vomiting. 
Hughes says : "What is the rationale of these striking symp- 
toms ? The sudden increase in the frequency of the heart's action 
may be caused either by direct stimulation of its substance or 
ganglionic nerves, or by depression of the influence of the vagi. 
The rapidity with which it supervenes, and the lack of tension in 
the pulse, lead one to ascribe it to the latter mode of action. On 
what, then, depend the head symptoms? At first sight, they 
would seem secondary to the increased action of the heart. But 
this theory is excluded by the fact that in one of Dr. Dudgeon's 
provers the head was not affected at all, although the pulse rose 
very high indeed. We need a special action on the arteries them- 
selves to account for the cerebral phenomena present; and for 
this we have only to suppose that Glonoine affects the neighbor- 
ing vaso-motor center in the same manner as that of the vagi. 
The same sedative influence would then, through the inhibitory 
fibers of the vagi, set the heart off palpitating, and through the 
vascular nerves, would dilate the arteries. In confirmation of 
this view, we often find the provers describing the sense of throb- 
bing as felt all over the body, though especially in the head. GLONOINE. 
431 
"All this reminds us of Amyl nitrite. But a little attention 
will show that the effects of the two drugs are not identical. 
Amyl causes a general flushing, without marked sense of throb- 
bing or special localization in the head; nor is the pulse much 
affected by it. Glonoine differs from it in all these points. 
Accordingly, it has been demonstrated that Amyl produces its 
dilating effects on the arteries by directly paralyzing their muscular 
coats, and acts simply on other muscular parts; while Glonoine 
affects the nervous centers of the circulation, and is limited to- 
this sphere. 
"It is clear, that, if the Homoeopathic principle is worth any- 
thing at all, Glonoine ought to be a remedy for some active dis- 
turbances of the cerebral circulation. It would not act as Bella- 
donna does, upon such congestive states as depend on irritation 
of the brain-substance, and tend to inflammation. With Bella- 
donna, the circulation within the cranium is excited because the 
brain is irritated; with Glonoine, the brain is irritated because 
the circulation is excited. But it would be indicated in such' 
hyperaemia as can be produced by excessive heat or cold, by- 
strong emotions, by mechanical jarring, by suppression of the 
menses, or other hemorrhages and excretions." 
Ziemssen says: "Small doses of Nitro-glycerine cause severe 
and long-lasting, persistent headaches, associated with an un- 
pleasant knocking or hammering in the temporal regions, con- 
siderably increased by any movements of the head. Heaviness 
in the head, clouds before the eyes, vertigo, quickening of the pulse, 
palpitation, and a feeling of heat in the face have been noted as 
special symptoms of poisoning. Larger doses cause dyspnoea, 
oppression of the chest, lassitude, muscular weakness, and stiff- 
ness in the muscles of the jaw. Onsum lost consciousness after 
a dose of ten drops of Nitro-glycerine ; on awaking out of this un- 
consciousness, there occurred severe headache, and general mus- 
cular tremors. There were no true convulsions. In three fatal 
cases, death without convulsions succeeded severe dyspnoea, with 
cyanosis in the condition of coma. Autopsy revealed hyperaemia 
of the cranial contents. 
"The effects on frogs when Glonoine is given, consist in tetanic 
convulsions, followed by general paralysis. Even mammals get 
convulsions, besides dyspnoea, quickened pulse, mydriasis, and 
general paralysis. In frogs, no convulsions occur if the cerebrum 
be removed previous to the poisoning." 
Digestive Organs.-Glonoine acts also upon the digestive 
apparatus, as shown by the burning in the throat; nausea, vom- 432 
GLONOINE. 
iting, hiccough; pain in the. epigastrium, and sometimes severe 
colicky pains with diarrhoea. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Head.-Intense congestion of blood to the head, with a feeling 
as if the temples and top of the head would burst, often accom- 
panied with violent throbbing headache. 
"Feeling as if the whole head was swollen, with tightness and 
throbbing in the temples."-Dr. Bayes. 
A feeling as if the head was too large and full of blood, is one 
of the most prominent symptoms of Glonoine. 
"Fullness in the head and throbbing pain in the temples, so 
that it could be counted. '-Biehle. 
"Fullness in the base of the brain and violent throbbing of all 
the arteries of the head and back of the neck."-Jackson. 
"Fullness of the head as if all the blood had mounted to the 
head, or as if he was hanging head downward, and there was a 
great rush of blood to head."-Dr. Junod. 
"Tensive headache over the eyes and nose, followed by a tight 
and choky feeling about the throat."-Dr. Thoroughwood. 
Vertigo, fainting, with violent throbbing of the temporal arter- 
ies. Congestive nervous headache, with gastric or bilious symp- 
toms, caused from anxiety or fright. 
Violent headache with the catamenia, increasing with motion; 
has to tie the head up; with cold feet. 
Flushes of heat in the head, with violent throbbing headache. 
"It is a capital remedy for the disturbance of the intracranial 
circulation which obtains in menopausia, and for that which often 
results from menstrual suppression."-Hughes. 
"Such excessive determination of blood to the occiput that it 
seems as if he would lose his reason."-Zumbrock. 
"It has proved the great remedy for sunstroke."-Hughes. 
"Sun-headache, dullness, stupidity, emptiness, and somno- 
lence."-B. J. McClatchey. 
'"Bursting feeling in the head, tremulousness about the chest, 
the mind bewildered."-Dr. T. S. Scales. 
"The heart is affected before the head, alternate congestion of 
the heart and head."-C. Wesselhoeft, M. D. 
"Sensation of soreness through the whole head, he is afraid to 
shake his head; it seems as if his head would fly to pieces."- 
Vinal. 
Headache with violent vertigo, nausea and vomiting. GLONOINE. 
433 
"Violent vertigo, with dimness of vision."-Heil. 
Hot Hushes of the head, affecting the whole body, with a feel- 
ing as if the whole surface would break out in sweat. 
Flushes of heat in the head and face, with vertigo. 
"One of the most promising remedies in convulsions of chil- 
dren, arising from cerebral congestion ; especially in the incipient 
stages of meningitis in plethoric children; cases that seem to call 
for Belladonna during dentition."-C. Wesselhoeft. 
"It has checked puerperal convulsions where cerebral hyperse- 
mia was prominent."-Hg. 
Congestive headaches, vertigo, threatening apoplexy, with pal- 
pitation of the heart. 
"Long-lasting (for years) pain in the occiput, sure to come 
on after standing at the wash-tub all day; sometimes with vom- 
iting; relieved by heat."-Nankivell. 
"Agonizing pain in the eyes of a boy every evening; obliged to 
keep the palms of the hands against the eyeballs, and lie with 
his face downward."-Nankivell. 
" Severe headache; pulsation in the temples; fullness and 
heavy pain on the vertex; the least motion greatly aggravates; 
had the hair cut short to relieve the heat and heaviness; no 
appetite; attempting to rise, such weakness of the limbs she 
could not stand."-Dr. Lippe. 
One of the most valuable remedies we have for the first stages of 
meningitis of children; fever exacerbates morning and evening; 
frequent starting up from sleep; grasping the head or bending it 
back into the pillow; much vertigo, with frequent pale, and then 
flushed, face. (Give the 2d dec. dilution, two drops every two or 
three hours. It is of no value after serous effusion.) 
"Loss of location when walking on streets that he has trav- 
eled for years."-Dr. C. H. Cochran. 
Eyes -Flashes of lightning-like sparks before the eyes, with 
photophobia; pupils dilated; eyes rolled upward. 
Digestive Organs.-Throbbing pain in all the teeth. 
"Toothache; pain continues, with sudden aggravations."- 
$. Lilienthal. 
Chest and Heart.-Inclination to sigh ; deep inspirations. 
Congestion of chest, with great throbbing in epigastrium. 
"A iolent action of the heart, distinct pulsation over the whole 
body; the number of beats greatly increased; feels the pulsation 
in the fingers."-Hg. 434 
GRAPHITES. 
Angina pectoris, with violent action of the heart; heart easily 
excited, with sensation of throbbing throughout the body. 
Aggravation.---By motion and heat; can not bear any heat 
about the head; can not walk in the sun, must walk in the 
shade; can not even bear the heat of a stove; head symptoms 
greatly aggravated by rising up and walking. 
Amelioration.-At night, in the open air; from gentle exer- 
cise. The head symptoms are relieved by pressure. 
GRAPHITES. 
Plumbago. 
Metalloid In Europe, etc. Triturations. 
Antidotes.-Ars., Nux vom., Aeon., Ant. cr., Sulph., Wine. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Graphites has four 
special centers of action : 
I. Skin. Moist, Sticky Eruptions; Fissures; Corns; Eczema. 
II. Lymphatic System. Enlarged; Secretions Acrid. 
III. Sexual Organs. (I) Excited; (5) Prostrated; Anamic. 
IV. Digestive Organs. Atony; Constipation. 
Skin.-The action of this remedy upon the skin is very 
marked, probably through the lymphatics. It produces moist, 
sticky eruptions, eczema, fissures or cracks on the fingers, corners 
of the mouth, on the nipples, anus, and between the toes; scabby 
eruptions exuding moisture, erysipelas. The disposition to form 
fissures and cracks of the skin is very characteristic, with enlarged 
lymphatic glands. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Graphites produces decided increase 
of the sexual appetite, with ejaculation of semen too soon. The 
testicles become swollen and much hypertrophied. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-We believe that this remedy pro- 
duces anaemia of the ovaries, from the fact of the scanty and 
delayed menses being so prominent an effect upon these organs. GRAPHITES. 
435 
The lymphatic system of the uterus is also congested, as shown 
by the profuse acrid leucorrhcea. 
Digestive Organs.-The digestive tract is below par, as shown 
by the sour stomach, great accumulation of gas in the bowels, and 
excessive constipation. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"Voluptuous irritability of the geni- 
tals."- Hah. 
"Revival of the sexual desire and fantasies."-Hah. 
"No ejaculation follows coition, in spite of every exertion."- 
Hah. 
Great sexual prostration, with emissions of semen every night. 
"The prepuce swells to a large water-blister without pain."- 
Hah. 
Hydrocele, with swollen testicles and general anasarca. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-For ladies that have scanty and 
delayed menstruation, with constipation and inclined to obesity, 
no remedy will give better satisfaction than Graphites. "Espe- 
cially adapted to females inclined to obesity, and whose history 
reveals a disposition to delaying menstruation."-G 
"Menses too late, pale, and scanty."-G. 
Delayed menstruation, with obstinate constipation. 
"Menses are delayed and are scanty; they are imminent for 
several days before the flow fairly sets in. The onset is accom- 
panied by a variety of accessory symptoms (as with Sepia), such 
as hoarseness with dry cough, headache evenings, swelling of the 
feet, and painless swelling of the cheeks; chilliness, colics like 
labor-pains, backache."-D. 
"Leucorrhcea copious and thin, causing a biting, smarting 
sensation in the vagina."-D. 
"Very profuse leucorrhcea, the discharge occurs in gushes, day 
or night, and is often excoriating."-G. 
"During the menses, severe pain in the epigastrium, as if every- 
thing would be torn to pieces."-G. 
"Feeling as if the womb would press out of the vagina, with 
obstinate constipation, in fleshy women."-G. 
The ovaries are indurated, enlarged, or anaemic, and not able to 
perform their functions. 436 
GRAPHITES. 
"Morning sickness during menstruation; she feels so weak that 
it is with difficulty she can persuade herself to perform her accus- 
tomed duties."-G. 
Great itching of the pudenda a few days before menstruation. 
"Mastitis, in all cases where there are so many old cicatrices 
from former ulcerations, that the milk can scarcely flow; this 
remedy high, will now cause the milk to flow easily, and ward off 
the impending abscess ; although many times tried, has not failed 
me in a single case."-G. 
For deep cracks in the nipples, Graphites cerate is well-nigh a 
specific. 
"Graphites is in climaxis what Pulsatilla is in youth."-Lilien- 
thal. 
Head.-"Burning round spot on the top of the head."-G. 
"Congestions of the head, with roaring in the ears in young 
people."-G. 
Violent frontal headache, worse mornings. 
"Scabby eruptions, exuding moisture, appear on the scalp, sore 
to the touch, and cause the hair to fall."-D. 
"Phlegmonous erysipelas of the head and face, with burning, 
tingling pains."-J. S. Douglas, M. D. 
For chronic erysipelas of the face and head, this is a splendid 
remedy. 
Eyes.-Redness and inflammation of the margins of the lids, 
especially the outer canthi, which have a great tendency to crack 
and bleed when opening them. 
"For scrofulous ophthalmia, with ulcers and pustules, it is sec- 
ond to no other drug. It has cured deep ulcers of the cornea, even 
with hypopyon; but it is more particularly adapted to superficial 
ulcerations, especially if resulting from pustules, often with con- 
siderable vascularity of the cornea, especially if chronic."-A. 
and N. 
Intense photophobia, with acrid discharges. 
Eczema of the lids, dry scales on the ciliae, itch much, with a 
constant desire to rub and scratch the lids. 
But few remedies in the Materia Medica so useful in chronic 
inflammation of the lids, conjunctiva, and cornea. 
Pale, unhealthy children, with scabs round nostrils and lips. 
Digestive Organs.-Breath smells like urine. 
Taste like rotten eggs, in the morning. 
Accumulation of much mucus in the throat. 
Coated tongue, bitter taste, and eructations of sour water. GRAPHITES. 
437 
Sour vomiting, with flatulence. 
Slow, imperfect digestion, accumulation of flatulence in the 
abdomen, with much distention. 
"Constipation; large, difficult, knotty stools."-G. 
"Constipation; stools hard, lumpy, and evacuated with great 
difficulty, accompanied with mucus and blood."-D. 
"Stools pappy, brown, with undigested food, and of an atro- 
ciously putrid odor."-D. 
Urinary Organs.-Urging to urinate, with dribbling after the 
usual discharge; nocturnal enuresis. 
Urine dark colored, with red or whitish deposit. 
"The urine becomes turbid, and deposits a white sediment." 
-Hah. 
Skin.-"A very characteristic symptom of this remedy, is the 
exudation of a thin, sticky, glutinous, transparent, watery fluid 
from any raw place or sore."-G. 
"Rhagades, excoriations, and ulcers on the skin."-Hughes. 
"Rawness in the bends of the limbs, groins, neck, behind the 
ears, especially in children."-Lippe. 
"Unhealthy skin; every injury suppurates."- Lippe. 
"Erysipelatous, moist, scurvy sores. Skin red, callous; nails 
brittle and crumbling, with deformities; complaints of the nails 
in general; painful, sore as if ulcerated. Tetters in general; 
corroding and spreading."-G. 
Ingrowing toe-nail; old ulcers with fetid pus. 
"Itching eruptions full of corrosive water, in many parts of 
the body; tettery eruptions that itch much."-Hah. 
Burning and swelling of the feet; excoriations between the 
toes. 
Much dryness of the skin, without perspiration. 
The skin of the hand is hard and cracked in several places. 
The whole body very weak and exhausted. 
Swelling and induration of the lymphatics and glands; very 
liable to take cold from the least cold air. 
In General.-This remedy is especially adapted to females 
with a tendency to unhealthy corpulence, deformed nails, and 
menstrual irregularities. 
Aggravation.-In the night; during menstruation, especially 
suppressed menstruation ; from light, and motion. 
Amelioration.-In the dark; walking in open air, and exter- 
nal warmth. 438 
GUMMI GUTTLE. 
GUMMI GUTTJE. 
Gamboge. 
Habitat: India, etc. Tincture of the Gum-resin, Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Coff., Op., Kali carb., Camph., Coloc. 
Through the abdominal sympathetic nervous system, Gamboge has 
three special centers of action : 
I. Pneumogastric Nerve. Nausea and Vomiting. 
II. Intestinal C. Hydragogue Cathartic ; Gastro-Enteritis. 
III. Kidneys. Copious Diuresis; Ascites. 
Digestive Apparatus.-Three to five grains cause nausea, 
bilious vomiting, colicky, griping pains and copious watery evac- 
uations. In regard to the stool, it has been proved by Rad- 
ziejewsky that there is no more water in stools produced by 
Gamboge than in those that follow the use of Croton oil. Taken 
in larger doses, Gamboge produces actual inflammation of the 
intestines; the violent abdominal pain, vomiting, and purging 
are followed by collapse and death. Bartholow says: "It is an 
irritant to the gastro-intestinal canal, increases secretion of the 
glands, excites vomiting and intestinal pain, and purges violently, 
producing copious watery stools. The experiments of Rutherford 
and Vignal show that Gamboge is not an hepatic stimulant, but 
does cause hydrocatharsis. Violent gastro-enteritis is set up by 
large doses; yet but few fatal cases have been reported." 
Kidneys.-Abeille found, that, when given in small but grad- 
ually increasing doses until it reached the quantity of about 
twenty grains a day, it no longer purged, but seemed to produce 
copious diuresis, and the evacuation of dropsical effusions, for 
the removal of which it was prescribed. The form of dropsy it is 
particularly useful in is anasarca, and some cases of ascites. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-"Nausea, with horrid vomiting, 
purging, and fainting. Profuse watery diarrhoea, with colic and 
tenesmus. "-Hempel. GUMMI GUTTJE. 
439 
Darting, gnawing pains in the stomach; excessive vomiting. 
Inflation and tension of abdomen; copious watery diarrhoea. 
Diarrhoea of watery mucus, with colicky pains in the umbili- 
cus during stool. 
Stools very fetid, and come away with a gush all at once; or 
mucus and blood, with great tenesmus. 
Diarrhoea, with burning pain and tenesmus of the rectum, 
protrusion of the anus and constant pinching around the umbili- 
cus, sometimes with mucous stools. 
Profuse watery diarrhoea, with colic and tenesmus. 
"Discharge of yellow and green diarrhoeic faeces, mixed with 
mucus, preceded with excessive pain around the umbilicus."- 
Allen. 
"Feeling of great relief in the abdomen, as though an irri- 
tating substance were removed from the intestines; burning in 
the anus; it is sore and excoriated."-J. B. Bell, M. D. 
Bell says it closely resembles Aloes. It may be distinguished, 
however, by the absence of haemorrhoids, and by the rapid expul- 
sion of the stool. 
Urinary Organs.-Increased secretion of urine, or if in 
dropsy diminished secretion, with emissions of a few drops at 
a time. 
In General.-The majority of the symptoms come on while 
sitting and go off during motion in the open air. 
Aggravation.-Forenoon, or during the day. 
Amelioration.-In the open air, and from pressing the abdo- 
men. 440 
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. 
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. 
Witch Hazel. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh bark and twigs, Class III. 
Antidote.-Puls. 
Through the spinal nervous system, Hamamelis has six special 
centers of action: 
I. Venous System. Congest.; Inflamtion; Varicosis; Hemorrges. 
II. Sexual Organs, Male. Neuroses; Orchitis; Varicosis. 
III. Sexual 0., Female. Ovarian Neuralgia ; Passive Hemorrge. 
IV. Digestive Organs. Haematemesis; Haemorrhoids. 
V. Lungs. Haemoptysis. 
VI. Fibrous Tissue. Rheumatoid Inflammation. 
Venous System.-It produces venous congestion, inflamma- 
tion, varicosis, and hemorrhage. The endangium or inner coat of 
the vein becomes congested and inflamed, thereby narrowing the 
caliber of the sanguinary channel, especially in the venous capil- 
laries of the skin and mucous membrane. 
Dr. Hale says: "Its action seems to be confined almost alto- 
gether to the venoiis system of blood-vessels. It may be called the 
Aconite of the veins,-acting upon those vessels as Aconite acts 
on the arteries. Its primary action appears to cause a spasm of 
the vaso-motor nerves which supply the veins (if a drug is capa- 
ble of causing spasm of those nerves, and not, at the same time, 
of the arteries). It also acts as an irritant to those vessels to 
such an extent as to cause a condition favorable to, if not actually 
ending in, inflammation of their coats. The secondary action 
leads to the other extreme ; and we have paresis of those nerves, 
and thence paralysis of the coats of the veins, leading to varicosis, 
venous congestion, hemorrhages, and even structural lesions." 
Sexual Organs, Male.-In my proving of this remedy, it pro- 
duced such intense and violent neuralgia of the testicles that I 
had to stop the experiment. Sometimes the pains migrated sud- 
denly to the stomach, causing nausea and faintness. They were HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. 
441 
accompanied with frequent emissions, great depression of mind, 
and irritability; great prostration of the animal passions; pro- 
fuse cold sweat on the scrotum; relaxation of the genital organs, 
and varicosis of the spermatic veins. It has proved of untold 
value in orchitis and varicosis. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-It produces in the female great 
irritation, congestion, inflammation, and neuralgia of the ovaries ; 
passive hemorrhage from the uterus, and irritations of the venous 
capillaries of the mucous membrane of the uterus and vagina. 
Its action upon the ovary is doubtless to produce venous conges- 
tion. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Venous System.-"The three leading forms of venous dis- 
order are phlebitis, varicosis, and hemorrhage. 
"1. In simple phlebitis, you can hardly put too much confi- 
dence in Hamamelis. It acts even better than Pulsatilla, which 
has great virtue here. Dr. Preston commends it for phlegmasia 
alba dolens; but I think that it will often cause disappointment 
there ; the lymphatics are, I take it, more frequently at fault than 
the veins in that disease. 
"2. In the various forms of varicosis, this is the prince of 
remedies. In varicose veins of the leg, you will be delighted with 
the way in which the first or second dilution will ease the pain, 
while the external application of the diluted tincture will cause 
the dilated vessels to shrink up. Varicose ulcer of the leg may be 
healed by similar treatment, to which, also, varicocele and cirso- 
cele have often yielded. It is good for varicosis of the throat, 
where the parts look bluish from distended veins, and there is 
more or less discomfort, with pain on swallowing, and hawking of 
mucus with blood. Such a throat is often seen in gouty subjects. 
But it is in this same condition at the other end of the digestive 
tube, viz., in haemorrhoids, that'Hamamelis has won its greatest 
triumphs. I have cured case after case of 'bleeding piles' by the 
internal use of this medicine; and, indeed, can safely say, that, 
in an experience of more than twelve years, it has never failed me. 
Even where there is not much bleeding, Hamamelis will cure piles 
if they are a local manifestation of a general tendency to varicosis. 
"3. We are thus led to the use of Hamamelis in hemorrhages 
generally, for which mischance it is, perhaps, more frequently 
indicated than any other remedy. The general evidence of those 
who have used it agrees with that of Dr. Preston, that it is in venous 442 
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. 
hemorrhages, where the blood flows steadily and without expul- 
sive effort, that this drug is likely to cure. I have often myself 
suggested that it is more suitable when the state of the vessels 
leads to the hemorrhage than where this is dependent upon 
altered composition of the blood itself. If this canon be true, it 
defines the place of Hamamelis in purpura. There are many 
eases on record showing its efficacy. I have myself seen one; but 
I think that, in all, the vessels, and not the blood itself, were at 
fault. Dr. Ringer speaks of being disappointed with it in epis- 
taxis occurring in a lad with the hemorrhagic diathesis; where, 
perhaps, the same explanation will hold good. Otherwise, this 
form of bleeding is remarkably under its control, as also hsemate- 
mesis, melsena, and haemoptysis of a passive venous type. Dr. 
Ringer has known it to arrest haematuria in four cases which had 
resisted many other remedies, and to check the* oozing of blood 
which sometimes goes on for weeks after delivery. Dr. Dyce 
Brown finds it very successful in uterine hemorrhages generally. 
It has also cured vicarious menstruation, and helped much in the 
treatment of dysentery."-Hughes. 
"In passive hemorrhages from all parts, whether from the nose, 
stomach, lungs, or bowels, I have the utmost confidence in its use." 
-Hughes. 
"Bleeding haemorrhoids, with burning soreness, and at times 
rawness, of the anus, from portal congestion; the hemorrhage is 
generally very profuse. (Locally and internally.)"-Hale. 
"Dysenteric stools, loaded with dark, black blood."-Dr. Dunn. 
For hemorrhages from the bowels in typhoid fever, I have 
used it, with most excellent results, by injections into the rectum, 
-two drachms to the pint of water. 
"Haemoptysis, active or passive, blood venous and comes up 
into the mouth without coughing or scarcely any effort."-Dr. 
W. C. Payne. 
I have cured many cases of haemoptysis with this remedy, 
where the blood was dark colored, and raised with but little effort. 
Long-lasting hemorrhages from extracting teeth. 
Dr. P. Jousset says: "It is indicated in an abundant sangui- 
nary flow, and, above all, with those persons who have varices of 
the anus. Clinical experience has confirmed this indication very 
extensively, so that the Hamamelis may be looked upon as a cer- 
tain remedy." 
"For varices, inject twenty minims of proof-spirit [better try 
Hamamelis] behind the vein, which is lifted with a fold of the 
skin. This will cure without fail or danger."-Bartholow. HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. 
443 
Sexual Organs, Male.-In orchitis, with much pain and 
great swelling of the testicles. I have cured many cases, using it 
locally and internally. 
Neuralgia of the testicles, pains dart from the testicles to the 
stomach, worse nights and during rainy weather. 
Impotence, organs greatly relaxed and perspire constantly. 
Varicosis of the spermatic veins, testicles much swollen, with 
drawing pains in the spermatic cord. (Locally and internally.) 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Hamamelis is of great value in con- 
gestion, inflammation, and neuralgia of the ovaries, with cutting, 
tearing pains in the ovary, which is swollen and very tender. 
"Ovarian disease, accompanied with much swelling and ten- 
derness. (Locally and internally.)"-Ludlarn. 
"Ovaritis from mechanical injury; ovarian region much swol- 
len and tender; much pain over the whole abdomen."-Dr. Okie. 
Frequent paroxysm of pain in the left ovary, passing down 
to the uterus, with anaemia; and every day or two the ovarian 
region becomes much swollen. 
"Locally and internally, I have prescribed this drug in numer- 
ous cases of ovaritis, with remarkable results. It seems appro- 
priate to the sub-acute attacks of this disease, which are incident 
to pregnancy and menstruation. I have no question of its power, 
in some instances, to prevent abortion, where such a mishap 
threatens in consequence of ovarian irritation and inflamma- 
tion."-Dr. R. Ludlarn. 
Dysmenorrhoea from ovarian irritation. 
"Vicarious menstruation from ovarian irritation."-Kenyon. 
Passive venous uterine hemorrhage. When the hemorrhage 
has been bright red and active, with me it has failed; but, for 
passive chronic or sub-acute uterine hemorrhage, it is wonder- 
fully curative. 
"Leucorrhoea, with much relaxation of uterine walls."-Hale. 
Varicose veins in the limbs of pregnant women, and phlegma- 
sia alba dolens, when it is a phlebitis. (It should be given 
internally and applied locally.) 
Eyes.-In conjunctivitis, locally and internally, Hamamelis 
has been of great value; and, in hemorrhages of the anterior 
chamber of the eye, it has given speedy relief. 
It has also been used locally and internally in articular and 
muscular rheumatism, with good results. 
The pains are often unbearable, with great sensitiveness to 
the touch, and fear of exciting new pain on moving. This shows 
it has a specific action on the posterior spinal nervous system. 444 
HELLEBORUS NIGER. 
HELLEBORUS NIGER. 
Christmas Rose. 
Habitat: Europe, America, etc. Tincture of the dried root. Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Camphor, Cinchona, Iris, Podophyllum. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Helleborus has eight special 
centers of action: 
I. Glands. (Salivary, Pancreas, Liver.) Increased Sec. 
II. Stomach (Vagi.) Nausea and Violent Vomiting. 
III. Intestinal C. Gastro-Enteritis; Hydragogue Cathartic. 
IV. Kidneys. Congestion; Inflammation; Albuminuria. 
V. Circulation. Increased Blood-Pressure; Heart Slowed. 
VI. Brain. Congestion; Inflammation; Effusion. 
VII. Spinal C. Congestion; Inflammation; Effusion; Paralysis. 
VIII. Serous Membranes. Inflammation; Dropsical Effusion. 
Digestive Organs. - Salivation is always produced, with 
pricking and swelling of the tongue, accompanied with copious 
secretion of viscid mucus. Small doses stimulate the abdominal 
organs, augmenting the secretions of the liver and pancreas, 
quickening the peristaltic motion of the bowels, and causing 
diarrhoea. Large doses of this acrid irritant produce nausea, 
vomiting, colic, increased flow of bile, and violent purging; great 
thirst, spasm of the throat, with burning in the oesophagus and 
stomach. When death occurs, the stomach and intestines are 
found much inflamed, the rectum being particularly affected. 
Of its action upon animals, Stille says: "The breathing soon 
grows laborious and slow, the pulse slackens, and in a few minutes 
a disposition to vomit is apparent; mucus and bile are thrown 
up, saliva is copiously discharged, and there are signs of abdomi- 
nal pain. The animal moves with tottering and feeble gait, has 
muscular tremors of the hinder, and then of the anterior, extremi- 
ties, pants in breathing, and lies powerless upon the ground. At 
this stage, the efforts at vomiting cease; convulsions set in, 
and from time to time increase, and the animal perishes in HELLEBORUS NIGER. 
445 
tetanic spasms. After death, the gall bladder and ducts are 
found distended with bile, and a large quantity of this fluid is 
contained in the small intestines. The liver is often congested; 
the gastric mucous membrane, that of the small intestine, and, if 
the animal has long survived, of the rectum also, is inflamed." 
Helleborus niger contains two active medicinal principles, 
Helleborein and Helleborin, both of which are glucosides. Mamie 
says, that Helleborein is an active cardiac poison and a drastic 
purgative; while Helleborin acts chiefly as a narcotic, producing 
in animals at Erst inquietude, soon followed by paresis both of 
motion and sensation, soon followed by death. 
Kidneys.-It first produces scanty urine, with urging, soon 
followed by an abundant secretion of urine. Helleborus and 
Helleborein, are diuretic to animals, but cause hypertemia of the 
kidneys. The first effect is to produce congestion of the renal 
organs, as shown by the scanty urine, which is soon followed 
by the opposite condition. This action has been most beauti- 
fully confirmed in post-scarlatinal dropsy. Phillips says, diuresis 
is constant, and the kidneys are hypersemic after death. 
Heart.-Upon the heart, Helleborein "acts chiefly in the same 
way as Digitalis, but more powerfully. The heart-stroke is 
retarded, and only becomes accelerated immediately before the 
approach of death; the blood-pressure is at first increased, as 
in the case of Digitalis, but afterward diminished; respiration 
becomes slow and labored, but continues after the heart has 
ceased to beat. Death is caused by cardiac paralysis. Convul- 
sions are rare, the pupils remain unaltered."-Dr. Von Boeck. 
Phillips says : "Small, repeated doses slow the heart; larger 
doses hurry its action and then usually arrest it suddenly. The 
action is through the vagus, and the blood-pressure is heightened 
both in the slowing and in the hurrying grade. Respiration lasts 
longer than the action of the heart; respiration is nevertheless 
affected." 
Generative Organs.-The ancients always claimed great 
emmenagogue properties for Black Hellebore. Phillips says, that, 
in female animals, in cases of poisoning, the uterine mucous 
membrane is always and invariably congested; and Pereira says 
that it stimulates the pelvic circulation like Aloes, and is an em- 
menagogue. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-This is the most useful sphere of 
this remedy : and we find its action to be most profound ; as shown 446 
HELLEBORES NIGER. 
by the swimming in the head, giddiness, singing in the ears, 
uneasy sleep, and sometimes complete stupor. "Helleborin 
creates great excitement and restlessness, succeeded by paralysis 
of the lower extremities; this paralysis may extend over the 
whole body and pass into profound stupor and general anaes- 
thesia ; pupils dilated. In autopsies, hyperaemia and even hem- 
orrhage are often found in the brain; the spinal marrow injected, 
its resistance diminished, and it is often the seat of extravasa- 
tions."-Marme. 
Hahnemann says: "I conclude, from various observations, 
that stupor, blunting of the general sensibility, a condition in 
which, with unimpaired vision, the patient, nevertheless, sees 
imperfectly and does not regard the objects he sees; with the 
apparatus of hearing intact, yet hears nothing distinctly nor 
comprehends; with his organs of taste in working order, yet finds 
not the proper taste in anything; is always or often distraught, 
hardly remembers, if at all, the past or what has but just hap- 
pened ; has no pleasure in anything; slumbers but lightly, with- 
out a sound or refreshing sleep ; undertakes to work without hav- 
ing power or strength to attend to his work-these are character- 
istic primary effects of Hellebore." 
It produces dropsical effusions of serous membranes and gen- 
eral anasarca of the cellular tissue. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Hellebore is especially adapted to diseases that affect the 
nervous centers, especially hydrocephalus when the stage of se- 
rous effusion has commenced. In this form of dropsy, the gluco- 
side, Helleborin, should be used. 
"Headache in occiput; dull pain, worse on stooping, from the 
nape of the neck to the vertex, aggravated and changed to burn- 
ing on rising to the erect posture. The pain is so violent he 
knows not where or how to rest his head; he lays it every moment 
in a different position, at last finds it most tolerable when he 
compels himself to lie quiet, and, with closed eyes, to half doze, 
and so forget his pain."-D. 
"In acute meningitis, Hellebore is one of our most important 
remedies when the exudation is regarded as accomplished. The 
exact time for its administration is when the reaction has become 
almost nothing, and the phenomena of paralysis have become 
more or less complete."-Dr. Baehr. HELLEBORES NIGER. 
447 
"Its most frequent use has been in typhoid and nervous fevers 
characterized by a similar stupor, and in the second stage of 
acute meningitis or hydrocephalus when the effusion has already 
taken place."-D. 
"In mania of a melancholy type, with fixed ideas, or in mania 
dsemonica, in which evil spirits are seen at night, Hellebore has 
been an approved remedy from the earliest ages."-D. 
"Slow comprehension, and easily made angry."-Raue. 
"Soporous sleep, with screaming and starting."-G. 
"Shocks pass through the head like electricity."- Jahr. 
"Forehead drawn in folds, and covered with cold perspira- 
tion."-G. 
"Squinting, pupils dilated."-G. (Hydrocephalus.) 
"Hydrocephalus, which arises insidiously, the sequel of some 
other disease."-E. C. Knight. 
The cases curable of hydrocephalus with this remedy are not 
of the tubercular character, but of acute or sub-acute inflamma- 
tion of the serous membranes, followed by effusion; and it should 
be given before the stage of effusion has fully taken place, or 
the result will be a complete failure. 
"Face pale and puffed, with rubbing of the nose."-G. 
"Chewing motion of the mouth, nostrils dirty and dry."- 
Raue. 
"Automatic motion of one arm and one leg."-Raue. 
"Rigidity of the muscles of the neck and limbs, one or both."' 
-Dr. Barron. 
Digestive Organs.-Distressing dryness of the mouth. 
Tongue very dry, trembles and feels stiff. 
Copious salivation. 
Nausea and violent vomiting, with much heat in the stomach. 
Much .rumbling in the abdomen, with excessive colic and 
debility. 
Stools.-Stools watery; of tenacious white mucus or white. 
Jelly-like, mucous stools, with urging tenesmus. 
Of great value during dentition, with cholera infantum, stools 
as above, and strong symptoms of hydrocephaloid. 
"A white, gelatinous stool like frog spawn is passed three or 
four times a day, with much pressure."-Hah. 
"Watery diarrhoea, with nausea, colic, and great debility. 
Much burning pain in the anus after stool. 448 
HELLEBORES NIGER. 
Urinary Organs.-Frequent urging to pass urine, with scanty 
discharge, in anasarca or dropsy. 
Passage of great quantities of urine. In sudden dropsy. 
Of much value in post-scarlatinal dropsy, with sudden ana- 
sarca, and excessively scanty secretion of urine. 
"I have often prescribed the tincture in doses of from five to 
fifteen drops every two or three hours, in cold water, with com- 
plete success in dropsical effusions, and particularly in general 
anasarca following scarlet fever, uncomplicated by organic 
disease."-Dr. Phillips. 
Fever.-"The fever is made up chiefly of chill without thirst, 
and with painful sensibility of the head to touch and motion; 
with drawing, tearing pains in the limbs and stitches in the joints. 
The heat is chiefly in the head" (D.), showing that the posterior 
spine is mostly involved. 
General Symptoms.-Chest very much constricted, has to 
gasp for breath with open mouth; can not breathe. 
"Horrible convulsions, accompanied by extreme coldness."- 
Complete loss of power of the muscles in both hands, with 
numbness in the arms. 
Aggravation.-Head symptoms in the morning. Skin symp- 
toms, evenings; bowels, after eating and drinking; during denti- 
tion, and exertion. 
Amelioration.-In open air; sitting with bended head, and 
from distraction of the mind. HELONIAS DIOICA. 
449 
HELONIAS DIOICA. 
False Unicorn. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh root, Class HI. 
Through the abdominal sympathetic, Helonias has five special cen- 
ters of action: 
I. Digestive Organs. Emesis; Catharsis; Atony. 
II. Kidneys. Increased Blood-Pressure; Albuminuria; Diabetes. 
III. Glandular System. Secretions Greatly Increased. 
IV. Sexual 0. (Testicles, Ovaries, Mamale.) Secretions Increased. 
V. Blood. Ancemia from Atony. 
Digestive Organs.-Dr. Paine (Eclectic) says: "Five to fif- 
teen grains act as an emeto-cathartic, producing a griping, burning 
sensation in the epigastrium and great activity of the salivary 
glands. Indeed, I have known the most perfect salivation to fol- 
low the use of large doses of Helonin. In doses of from one to 
five grains, it produces an irritability of the stomach and slight 
purging, with a burning sensation in the bowels, irritation of the 
urethra, pain in the kidneys, which is followed by albuminuria, 
indicating congestion and large discharge of urine, with slightly 
increased specific gravity." 
Dr. E. M. Hale says: "I have found it very useful in idio- 
pathic diseases of the stomach, and especially in those sympa- 
thetic gastric disorders which accompany uterine and renal dis- 
eases. Loss of appetite, eructations, fullness, cramp, and painful 
congestion, with lowness of spirits, are the chief indications for 
its employment." 
Kidneys.- One of the greatest fields of usefulness for this 
drug is in diseases of the urinary organs, the leading of which are 
Bright's disease and diabetes. Many physicians, especially the 
Eclectic, believe that Helonias, by its specific action upon the 
renal organs, causes great venous congestion, and absolute 
albuminuria and diabetes. It certainly has cured the above symp- 
toms ; but Dr. S. A. Jones could not detect either albumen or 
sugar, and has doubts about it causing these symptoms. In my 450 
HELONIAS DIOICA. 
opinion, if the Doctor had taken larger doses and continued the 
experiment a little longer, he would have found an abundance of 
albumen. He says that the results of his research show "that the 
action of Helonias upon the kidney is purely functional. There 
is no evidence of any epithelial desquamation, or degeneration; 
and, as a renal remedy,' it may be classed with Cantharides, but 
not with Arsenic or Phosphorus. This conclusion by no means, 
negatives the possible usefulness of Helonias in cases of albumi- 
nous urine. Renal hypersemia alone can give this condition. 
The urinary flux seems to have been that of venous hyperaemia; 
and, at the farthest, I should feel disposed to rely upon this, 
remedy only in diabetes insipidus dependent upon congestion of 
the lower third of the medulla spinalis. In the Helonias diabetes, 
this defective glycocrypsis obtains, that sugar which should have 
been stored up in the liver cells, as a preparation for ultimate 
heat and force evolution, slips through this gland, escapes organic 
chemolysis; and, accumulating as a purposeless product, it 
blocks the by-ways of life, and yet again the unceasing vigilance 
and fidelity of the scavenger is shown by saccharine urine. This 
is the kind of diabetes in which the adoption of an animal diet, 
and the exclusion of all the starches, effects the most remarkable 
diminution in the quantity of sugar eliminated; and it is the 
only diabetes mellitus in which I believe Helonias will cure 
"Helonias is a diuretic ; and, when it is in full action, the kid- 
neys have a burning feeling, and they ache ; evidence, I take it, of 
venous congestion and retarded blood-flow; hence the urinary 
plus, and its use in Bright's disease in only the ante-desquama- 
tion stage." 
Dr. Jones further says: "Helonias is one of the few agents 
which make an alkaline urine acid. Primarily, it increases the 
elimination of urea; and I believe the dilutions will cause a urea- 
minus ; and the specific gravity is lowered." 
Organs of Generation.-It seems to increase the glandular 
action of the testicles, ovaries, cervix uteri, vagina, and mammse, 
as shown by the following symptoms given by Dr. Clark : "Pain 
in the lower part of the back, through the uterus, like inflamma- 
tion, piercing, drawing; breasts swollen, nipples tender, can not 
bear the pressure of even an ordinary dress ; and uterine hemor- 
rhage was a prominent symptom of the proving. " 
This remedy for many years has had the reputation of a uter- 
ine tonic. Prof. Lee says: "Numerous trials have satisfied us 
that it has a specific action on the uterine organs,-an alleviat- HELONIAS DIOICA. 
451 
ing, regulating influence over their functions. Hence, in amenor- 
rhoea marked by general atony, and an anaemic, torpid condition 
of the system, this plant does great service; giving tone to the 
digestive organs, favoring nutrition and sanguification, and pro- 
moting the secretions generally. Its influence as a uterine tonic 
in atonic, passive menorrhagia, imparting tonicity to the muscular 
fibers of the uterus, by stimulating the plexuses of organic nerves 
which supply the pelvic viscera, is well marked. Leucorrhoea, 
dysmenorrhoea, and a liability to abortion from atony of the pelvic 
organs, are also relieved in the same way." 
Its great utility in sterility and impotence, indicates that this 
remedy acts powerfully upon the ovaries and testicles. 
Blood.-Dr. Jones says: "I am disposed to think that the 
grand sphere of Helonias' action is to be found in the trophic 
nerves of the vegetative system; hence it acts upon the sluice- 
gates of nutrition. It is never a direct tissue-irritant, like 
Arsenic. Its mode of action can be best conceived by considering 
the difference between a gastritis produced by Belladonna and 
one brought on by Arsenic; the first is induced remotely through 
the circulation, the other directly in the tissues. 
"In its action on the medulla spinalis, we have only congestion 
from vaso-motor paresis. It probably differs from Nux vomica in 
lacking the hemorrhage which attends that drug. 
"In the nutrition-changes effected by it, I incline to the opin- 
ion that it influences blood-genesis. Its value in post-diphtheritic 
debility, anaemia, and chlorosis, hints that we shall probably be 
safe if we look in the direction of the red blood-corpuscles as the 
theater of its action. 
"When we survey its whole field of action, we are led to con- 
clude that its primary effects are upon the blood quantitively, 
through the trophic nerves; that its secondary and lasting effects 
are upon the blood qualitatively, through nutrition change." 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Anaemic, torpid condition of the 
system, with an atonic condition of the generative organs, espe- 
cially in females. 
Passive metrorrhagia or menorrhagia. 
Amenorrhoea from anaemia and general atonic condition of 
the system. 
"Abortion, when the slightest over-exertion or irritating emo- 
tion tends to cause loss of the foetus."-Hale. 452 
HELONIAS DIOICA. 
Sterility, or impotence, the sexual power is lost, with renal 
disease and a greatly debilitated constitution. 
"In prolapsus, retroversion, and anteversion, it strengthens 
the uterine ligaments by invigorating the general system."-IF. 
H. Holcombe. 
"It has been found very beneficial in those pains in the back, 
with lameness, stiffness, and weight, which are found in renal 
and uterine diseases."-Hale. 
Breasts swollen, nipples tender; can not bear the pressure of 
an ordinary dress during menstruation. 
Prolapsus uteri, with a tendency to miscarriage. 
Leucorrhoea, with general debility and anaemia. 
"Pruritus vulvae; intense irritation of the external labia, which 
are puffed, hot, red, itch and burn terribly."-Hale. 
Kidneys.-"First stage of diabetes insipidus, and nervosus of 
women, with congestion of the lower third of the medulla spi- 
nalis."-S. A. Jones. 
"Albuminuria, ante-desquamation stage, with burning aching 
in the lumbar spine; lowness of spirits; restlessness; frequent 
profuse perspiration; urine pale yellow, sp. g. 1.013, acid ; gets up 
two or three times at night to urinate ; debility; palpitation when 
going up stairs; poor appetite; sleep difficult and unrefreshing." 
-S. A. Jones. 
"Much congestion of the kidneys, with albuminuria."-Paine. 
"A sensation as if the kidneys were two bags of hot water." 
-Jones. 
Great weariness, with copious acid urination. 
Digestive Organs.-Loss of appetite; eructations; fullness, 
cramp, painful congestion; great lowness of spirits. 
Obstinate vomiting in Bright's disease. 
Sub-acute inflammation and vomiting in pregnancy. 
Intense pain in the stomach, with burning pains; vomiting 
and salivation during pregnancy. 
Occipital headache; throbbing in vertex, worse by stooping, 
attended by vertigo, and a state of anaemia. 
Profound debility, which follows an attack of diphtheria. 
Very hypochondriac; depressed and apprehensive; exceed- 
ingly depressed, with great weakness of memory, and general 
anaemia. 
Dizziness; fretful; everything turns in a circle, from anaemia. 
This remedy acts as a tonic very similar to Iron; there is not 
so much anaemia as found in Iron, but there is a general atonic 453 
condition of the whole body, often associated with renal and 
uterine diseases. 
Aggravation.-Afternoon and night; looking steadily at one 
point; moving suddenly; when one sits purposeless, then come 
the burning, aching pains. 
Amelioration.-Moving about; headache is relieved when 
the attention is engaged; the pains vanish when he is engaged. 
The sense of profound debility is lost when exercising. 
HEPAR SULPHURIS CALCAREUM. 
HEPAR SULPHURIS CALCAREUM. 
Sulphide of Calcium. 
Chemical preparation; finely pulverized Oyster Shells and chemically pure Flowers of 
Sulphur, equal pans, kept for ten minutes at a white heat. Triturations. 
Antidotes.-Vegetable acids. Merc., Tod.. Bell., Sil., Cham. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Hepar sulphur has 
six special centers of action : 
I. Glandular S. Conges'n; Induration; Suppuran; Acridity. 
II. Mucous M. (Eyes, Lungs.) Exudations; Leucorrhoea; Ulcerat. 
III. Skin. Fissures and Unhealthy Ulcerations. 
IV. Blood. Excess of Fibrine; Pseudo-Membranes. 
V. Digestive Organs. Atony; Indigestion. 
VI. Venous System. Capillary Congestion; Scrofulosis. 
Lymphatic Glandular System.-No remedy in the Materia 
Medica lias such a powerful and specific action upon the lym- 
phatic glandular system, to moderate and control diseases where 
suppuration is inevitable. Under its action, the slightest injury 
causes suppuration. Dr. H. Goullon says: Coinciding, as a 
general thing, with the action of Sulphur, Hepar sulphur, on 
account of its combination with Lime, still more acts upon the 
lymphatic and glandular system, and especially moderates plas- 
ticity. Hence its curative action in pathological processes with 
pseudo-membranous deposits (croup). The secretions of the skin 
and mucous membranes are excited by it, as well as exudations 
of serous membranes more rapidly resorbed by it. Like Sulphur 454 
HEPAR SULPHURIS CALCAREUM. 
itself, Hepar sulphur affects disturbances dependent upon pre- 
vailing venosity. All this insures it a prominent position among 
the antiscrofulosa; and it has shown its great utility in the 
following forms of scrofula-dyscrasia: 
"1. In abscesses, the maturing and suppuration of which 
are hastened under its influence. 
"2. In moist and wet tinea. 
"3. In panaritia, in which Hepar in alternation with Silicea 
renders surgical interference superfluous. 
"4. In inveterate glandular indurations, which are brought 
to suppuration or resorption by it. 
"5. Its curative action is indubitable in scrofulous ophthal- 
mia, in which it acts all the surer the more pure the habitus 
scrofulosus presents itself in totality, and in ophthalmia neona- 
torum. 
"6. In scrofulous purulent otorrhoea. 
"7. In angina membranacea, in croup, and pseudo-croup, 
Hepar soon changes the dry, harsh, and crowing cough into a 
loose one. We do not always succeed in this with Spongia, 
which is still more used in the treatment of croup. The torture 
of emetics is spared to children treated Homoeopathically, on 
account of the certainty with which our remedies, among which 
Hepar sulphur belongs par excellence, bring about a crisis. 
"8. Again, Hepar recommends itself in relapses of amygda- 
litis. We find a chronic enlargement of the tonsils as an 
unmistakable expression of existing scrofulosis. Every cold 
settles there. After Belladonna, the reduction of the tonsils, 
which have grown still larger, hesitates sometimes; then Hepar 
ought to be given. 
"9. Against ulcerated corners of the mouth. 
"10. In febrile, flowing coryza, when the flow becomes very 
easily arrested, especially in scrofulous and rachitic children; if 
hoarseness or a hollow, rough cough appears in addition, and in 
ozsena scrofulosa (Kafka). 
"Mercurius is the remedy with which Hepar sulphur could be 
confounded most easily. Mercurius, within the domain of scrof- 
ulosis, has almost all the therapeutic virtues of Hepar. Hence, 
we shall have to fall back upon the total characteristics of both, 
in order not to commit any mistake. The affections cured by 
Mercury presuppose a greater participation of the organs con- 
nected with the production of bile than is the case with Hepar. 
The latter better corresponds and is more suitable to the infantile 
organism." HEPAR SULPHURIS CALCAREUM. 
455 
Dr. R. Hughes says: "The most important application of 
Hepar is its use in suppuration. The power of Mercury to induce 
suppuration and inflammation is well known; and its employment 
in inflammatory states of the organs it influences, when matter 
threatens to form, is as obvious as it is successful. Hepar acts 
similarly, but it goes farther; it will often check suppuration 
when impending; but, when it is inevitable, it has wonderful 
power in promoting it, and conducting it to a speedy termination. 
This has been the doctrine and practice of the Homoeopathic 
school for many years ; and testimony to its soundness has now 
been given by Dr. Ringer. He says : 'The value of the Sulphides 
in abscesses, boils, and scrofulous sores, on the suppurative 
process, is easily made manifest. Thus, when Sulphide of 
Potassium or Sodium is administered, a thin, watery, unhealthy 
discharge becomes at first more abundant, afterward diminish- 
ing, and throughout continues thicker and healthier, possessing, 
indeed, the characters of "laudable pus." The condition of the 
sore improves correspondingly, and its healing is promoted. The 
Sulphides appear often to arrest suppuration. The influence of 
this group is still more conspicuous after the formation of pus. 
They then considerably hasten maturation, while at the same 
time they diminish and circumscribe the inflammation. They 
promote the passage of the pus to the surface, and the evacua- 
tion of the abscess.' " 
Hepar is next to Mercury in its action on the liver. Dr. Bayes 
says: "Those chronic states of engorgement of the liver, induc- 
ing great abdominal distress from their interference with the 
return of blood through the vense portse, are greatly benefited by 
a course of Hepar. Haemorrhoids arising from this source are 
readily cured by this medicine. The obstruction to the abdominal 
venous circulation often gives great distress to the patient, pre- 
venting the abdominal respiration, and, hence, inducing oppres- 
sion of breathing. In other cases, it produces obstinate consti- 
pation, from a congested condition of the veins of the rectum." 
Skin.-Its action upon the skin is to produce unhealthy sup- 
puration; even slight injuries suppurate; cracking of the skin, 
hands and feet smart; deep fissures in the palms of the hands; 
ulcers bleed from the slightest touch. 
Mucous Membranes,-Upon the mucous membrane of the 
eyes and air-passages, Hepar has a powerful action, producing 
nongestion, inflammation, and suppuration, with copious mimmis HEPAR SULPHURIS CALCAREUM. 
456 
discharges. In catarrhal strumous ophthalmia, in which the 
pustules and ulcers are situated on the cornea, and marked by 
great intensity of the symptoms, Dr. Allen says, no remedy is 
more frequently indicated than Hepar. In ulceration and in- 
flammation of the lids and Meibomian glands, in scrofulous sub- 
jects, this remedy is of great utility. 
Respiratory Organs.-In affections of the air-passages and 
lungs, Hepar is one of our most brilliant remedies. In bronchitis 
and croup, after the use of Aconite, Belladonna, and Spongia, 
when resolution has been initiated, and the breathing has a rat- 
tling, loose sound, no remedy can fill the place of Hepar; and the 
same in broncho-pneumonia or pneumonia, when the exudation, 
from excess of fibrine in the blood, has become purulent, where 
Hepar has saved many lives. 
Digestive Organs. - Small doses stimulate the digestive 
organs, but large doses of the Sulphides act as an irritant, pro- 
ducing active inflammation, with all its symptoms. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Skin.-Heparis adapted to scrofulous people, especially chil- 
dren, where there is more or less suppuration, and the slightest 
injury suppurates, and to all diseases where suppuration seems 
inevitable. 
"Strumous enlargement of glands, especially where these can 
only be cured through suppuration, especially the tonsils."- 
Hughes. 
"Suppuration of long-inflamed boils on the body, or limbs, 
commencing with blisters; every cut or hurt suppurates."-Hg. 
"Slightest touch or pain in cutaneous eruptions, causes faint- 
ing."-Dr. McGeorge. 
"Ulcers stinging, the edges of the ulcers burn, smell like old 
cheese; little pimples on smooth ulcers surround the paint 
ulceration. "-Hg. 
"Strumous suppuration of joints."-Hempel. 
"Ulcers have a bloody suppuration; smelling like old cheese." 
-G. 
Rhagades of the hands and feet, very sensitive. 
"Eruptions on the bends of the elbows and knees."-Hg. 
"Unhealthy, suppurating skin; even slight injuries maturate 
and suppurate."-Hah. HEPAR SULPHURIS CALCAREUM. 
457 
"Cracking of the skin and smarting of the hands and feet, with 
soreness and moisture between the scrotum and thigh."-Hah. 
"Itching beneath the lower lip, which soon becomes covered 
with yellow blisters, which change to a scurf."-Hah. 
The slightest touch causes ulcers to bleed. 
For whitlow, no remedy equals Hepar. If given early, it will 
arrest it at once; if not, it will greatly hasten suppuration. 
In General.-No remedy is better adapted to diseases in per- 
sons that have been injured by the abuse of Mercury. 
Head.-Nightly pain in the skull bones, with falling-out of 
the hair after abuse of Mercury. Headache at the root of the 
nose, with nodosities. 
"Constant pressive pain in one-half of the brain, as from a 
plug or nail."-Hah. 
"Pressive pain externally in the right side of the occiput, 
which gradually extends to the nape of the neck, throat, and 
shoulder-blades. "-Hah. 
Headache, head sore as if beaten, worse mornings; motion, 
rising up, and moving the eyes, increase the pains. 
"Vertigo when shaking the head, or from jarring, as, for exam- 
ple, from, riding in a wagon, so that on getting out one can not 
stand alone ; sometimes with faintness."-D. 
Starts up from sleep as if in a fright; suffocating. 
"Profound sleep with head thrown back."-E. A. Farrington. 
Very weak memory; low-spirited, and much irritability. 
Falling-off of the hair from abuse of Mercury or from syphilis. 
Eyes.-Acute phlegmonous inflammation of the lids, which 
tends toward suppuration; the lids are inflamed as if erysipelas 
had invaded them, with throbbing, aching, stinging pains; very 
sensitive to touch; aggravated by cold, relieved by warmth. 
Hepar is of great value."-A. and N. 
"In the severe forms of strumous ophthalmia, in which the 
pustules and ulcers are situated on the cornea and marked by 
the intensity of the symptoms, there is probably no remedy more 
frequently indicated."-A. and N. 
"Intense photophobia, profuse lachrymation, great redness of 
the cornea and conjunctiva, even to chemosis, and much pain of 
a throbbing, aching, shooting character, relieved by warmth; 
worse in draft of air and at night."-A. and N. 
"Acute trachoma, pannus or keratitis, tending to ulceration, 
especially if the patient has taken too much Mercury. For the 458 
HEPAR SULPHURIS CALCAREUM. 
absorption of pus in the anterior chamber (hypopyon), there is no 
better remedy than Hepar."-A. and N. 
"Ulceration of external parts of the eye, which bleed easily 
and are very sensitive to touch, most positively indicates Hepar, 
especially if there is excessive photophobia."-A. and N. 
"Eczema of the lids, in which thick, honey-comb scabs are 
found on and around the lids, with nightly agglutination of the 
lids, is especially cured by Hepar.''-A. and N. 
Ears.-Hardness of hearing, with whizzing and throbbing in 
the ears ; discharge of acrid pus. 
Darting pains in the ears, with cracking noises when blowing 
the nose, after scarlatina or abuse of Mercury. 
Copious discharge of pus from the ears; chronic otitis, the 
discharge always produces excoriation. 
Nose.- Sub-acute and chronic catarrh, with copious dis- 
charge of mucus, that is sometimes bloody, after abuse of Mer- 
cury. 
Acute sensibility of the sense of smell; chronic catarrh. 
Caries of the bones of the nose; they are very sensitive to the 
touch, with fetid discharges, from syphilis. 
Yellow color of the face and skin, or very pale. 
Mouth and Throat.-Lips ulcerated. 
Teeth ache, very sensitive to pressure, gums red and swollen, 
aggravated in a warm room; gums bleed easily. 
Hollow teeth feel too long, and are painful; ulcerated gums. 
Putrid, bitter, metallic taste; breath fetid. 
"Sensation as if there was a fish-bone in the throat."-Hg. 
"Swollen tonsils and hard glandular swellings of neck."-G. 
The feeling as if a sliver or fish-bone was in the throat when 
swallowing, or moving, is very characteristic. 
"Feeling of internal swelling and pressure, as if a plug of 
mucus or some other body had stuck in the throat, and could not 
be swallowed away."-D. 
"Scratching, scraped feeling in the throat, increased when 
swallowing solid food."-D. 
"Constant desire to hawk out mucus, and much saliva from 
the mouth, like water-brash."-D. 
In acute and sub-acute inflammation of the tonsil, it is of 
great value, if pus has commenced to form, or has formed. 
"A feeling in the throat when swallowing as if he had to swal- 
low over a swelling."-Hah. HEPAR SULPHURIS CALCAREUM. 
459 
Stomach.-Great desire for acids, especially vinegar. 
"Rising in the oesophagus as if he had eaten sour food."-G. 
"Stomach inclined to be out of order, longing for sour or 
•strong-tasting things."-G. 
"Empty, sinking feeling at the stomach; strong and comfort- 
abe feeling after eating."-J. B. Bell. 
"Frequent desire to loosen the clothing about the stomach, 
particularly a few hours after eating."-J. B. Bell. 
"Hot, sour regurgitation of food."-J. B. Bell. 
"Eructations, with burning in throat, tasting like rotten eggs. 
Vomiting of bile, after long retching, especially mornings."-Hah. 
Much distention of the stomach and abdomen, with gas; tear- 
ing pains in the umbilical region, with nausea. 
Stools.-"Stools, light yellow, faecal; thin or papescent; undi- 
gested; whitish, sour-smelling, bloody mucous; painless."-J. B. 
Bell. 
Green, slimy, sour diarrhoea in children, with excoriation of 
the anus. 
Chronic diarrhoea, stools of mucus and pus, during the day, 
with many dyspeptic symptoms, especially if abused with Mer- 
cury. 
"Obstinate constipation from a congested condition of the 
veins of the rectum."-Bayes. 
Haemorrhoids from portal congestion, with obstinate constipa- 
tion and want of expulsive power. 
"Urging to stool, but the large intestines are wanting in peri- 
staltic action, and can not expel the faeces, which are not hard; 
only a portion of which can be forced out by the aid of the 
abdominal muscles."-Hah. 
Urinary Organs.-"Micturition impeded; he is obliged to 
wait a while before the urine passes, and then it moves slowly; 
he is never able to -finish urinating; it seems as though some 
urine always remains behind in the bladder."-Hah. 
"Weakness of the bladder; the urine drops vertically down, 
and he is obliged to wait a while before any passes. "-Hah. 
"Acrid, burning urine, making the inner surface of the pre- 
puce sore and ulcerated."-Hah. 
"Pale, clear urine, which on standing becomes turbid and 
thick, and deposits a white sediment."-Hah. 
Wetting the bed at night, from weakness of the bladder. 
Chronic ulceration of the kidneys and bladder. 460 
HEPAR SULPHURIS CALCAREUM. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Increased sexual desire. 
Mercurialized chancres ; humid and excoriating; chronic. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses delayed and too scanty. 
"Menorrhagia, in women with chapped skin and rhagades of 
the hands and feet."-Hg. 
"Uterine ulcers, and bloody suppuration, smelling like old 
cheese, ulcers sensitive."-Hg. 
Leucorrhoea, with smarting, itching, and burning of the vulva. 
Ulceration of the mammae, swollen and very sensitive; and 
night sweats. (Of great value in suppuration of the mammae.) 
Air-Passages.-Hoarseness, with aphonia. 
"Laryngo-tracheal catarrh, either acute or chronic, with much 
hoarseness. "-Hg. 
"Rattling, choking cough, worse after midnight."-G. 
"The child seems croupy, decidedly so, and the phlegm is 
loose and choking."-G. 
"Croup, after dry, cold wind, with swelling below the larynx, 
with great sensitiveness to cold air or water."-Hg. 
"Cough, with hoarseness all the time ; worse before midnight, 
or toward morning."-Hg. 
Croup excited when any part of the body gets cold, with loose, 
rattling cough, and great sensitiveness to cold air or water. 
"Severe laryngeal catarrh, with roughness and pain in the 
throat, and sensation as of a clot of mucus in the throat when 
swallowing."-Dr. Bayes. 
Whenever the slightest portion of the body becomes uncov- 
ered, it brings on paroxysms of coughing. 
Suffocative cough from tightness of breath ; asthma. 
Chronic bronchitis, with tickling in the terminal ramifications 
of the air-passages; violent cough, with sensation as if hot water 
was trickling through the bronchia, expectorates bloody, frothy, 
tuberculous masses. 
"When there is hoarseness, and soreness of the chest, and a 
cough moderately moist and then dry again."-Holcombe. 
Dyspnoea very marked, with suffocative attacks. 
Dr. Hirschel says: "Hepar suits those cases which are so far 
advanced by Aconite, Bryonia, Bromine, Mercury, Iodine, or Spon- 
gia, that they have passed into the stage of resolution. It is our 
most important remedy, where, in acute forms, this resolution 
has been prepared, or in moist coughs resting on a catarrhal or 
organic base, in the upper as well as in the lower respiratory HEPAR SULPHURIS CALCAREUM. 
461 
organs. In croup, as well as in pneumonia, it can only be indi- 
cated in the second stage. It suits tuberculosis far less than 
cheesy and chronic pneumonia; mucous rales are important 
indications for this remedy, as it acts on the plasticity [fibrine] of 
these processes." 
"Rattling, choking cough; it seems as if the patient would 
choke in coughing; in croup, whooping-cough, or in catarrh; 
worse toward morning and after eating."-G. 
"In sub-acute catarrhal processes, the fluid at that period is 
composed essentially of mucous cells, and contains but a small 
proportion of pus corpuscles; it is thus rendered particularly 
glutinous and sticky. Hence the violent and suffocative parox- 
ysms of coughing, often attended by retching, which precede its 
expulsion."-Dr. Meyhoffer. 
Can not bear to be uncovered, coughs when any part of the 
body is uncovered; he must be covered up to the face. 
Chronic hepatization of the lungs, with constant tendency for 
the head and chest to perspire, especially in children. 
Sweats day and night without relief, especially about the 
chest, with a sour smell; takes cold easily. 
Skin.-"Unhealthy, suppurating skin, even slight injuries 
suppurate."-Hah. 
"Cracking of the skin; soreness of hands and feet."-Hah. 
Pustular eruptions, or afflicted with boils, that are very sensi- 
tive. 
Yellow, jaundiced skin, from chronic hepatitis and ulceration. 
Skin excessively sensitive to the open air; perspires at the 
least motion. 
"Great sensitiveness of the skin to the touch, and to the 
slightest cold."-Fischer. 
Clammy, sour night sweats, worse about the chest; sweats 
day and night without relief. 
Ulcers discharge bloody pus, smelling like old cheese; edges 
very sensitive, and have a pulsating sensation; discharge corrod- 
ing. 
Fever.-Chilliness predominates, with great sensitiveness to 
the open air; sweats from slight motion. 
Great chilliness in the open air, the patient perspires so much. 
"Chill from 4 to 8 p. m., or in the night, aggravating all com- 
plaints. "-Farrington. 462 
HEPAR SULPHL'RIS CALCAREUM. 
"Dry, burning heat, redness of the face, and violent thirst all 
night; Hushes with sweat; worse from uncovering."-E. A. Far- 
rington. 
Sweats day and night without relief; hectic fever. 
Sequelae of scarlatina; swelling and suppuration of glands, 
albuminuria, with dropsy; bloated face ; convulsions ; or for sub- 
sequent crops of boils. Kafka has had most wonderful results 
from Hepar 2d or 3d in the sequelae of scarlatina, especially the 
dropsy. 
Suppurating stage of variola, with much sweating. 
"Palpitation of the heart, with a feeling of debility about the 
heart and left chest, worse in cold air."-E. A. Farrington. 
"Anxious feeling about the heart, with palpitation in cases of 
hypertrophy."-R. Koch, M. D. 
"Orgasm of blood; throbbing of blood-vessels ; congestions fol- 
lowing exposure to dry, cold air. "-E. A. Farrington. 
Fever from suppurating glands, with hard, burning nodosities ; 
burning, itching nettle-rash. 
Back and Limbs -Symptoms of the back worse from con- 
tact ; bruised feeling as if a boil was forming. 
Great weakness of the spine; caries of bones. 
"Stitches in the joints during repose and motion."-D. 
Drawing pains in the limbs, hands and feet crack and ulcerate. 
Great lassitude; fainting from slight pain. 
Soles of the feet sore when -walking; soles of the feet burn, 
must uncover them. (Like Sulphur.) 
Strumous ulceration of joints, with long-continued or retarded 
suppuration ; with glandular suppuration or induration. 
Coldness of the feet, in chronic suppurations. 
Hydrargyrosis.-The best known antidote to Mercury. 
Aggravation.-At night, from cold north or east winds; from 
eating anything cold ; uncovering any part of the body, from open 
air, and motion. 
Amelioration.-Relieved from warmth in general; warm air 
and in warm, wet weather; from binding the head tight, and 
mornings. HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
463 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
Golden Seal. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh root, Class III. 
Through the organic nervous system, Hydrastis has three special 
centers of action: 
I. Mucous M. Copious Stringy Mucorrhoea; Ulceration. 
II. Digestive 0. Tonic; Increased Secretions; Constipation. 
III. Glandular System. (Lymphatics.) Perverted Secretions. 
Mucous Membranes.-Through the ganglionic nervous sys- 
tem, Hydrastis acts upon all the mucous membranes of the body, 
affecting more especially those of the outlets of the body; as the 
eyes, nose, mouth, throat, rectum, vagina, uterine cervix, and 
urinary organs, increasing their secretions to an abnormal quan- 
tity. At first the secretion is clear, white, transparent, and tena- 
cious ; it soon becomes yellow, thick, green, and sometimes even 
bloody, and very tenacious, so that it can be drawn out into long 
strings, like Kali bichromicum. 
Dr. E. M. Hale says : "Its general primary effects on the sys- 
tem when taken in medicinal quantities by a healthy person, will 
undoubtedly be those of a nutrient tonic; i. e., it stimulates the 
digestive processes, and increases the assimilation of food. By 
these means the blood is enriched, and this blood feeds the mus- 
cular system. I mention the muscular system because I believe 
it first feels the increased power imparted by the stimulation of 
increased nutrition. The consequent improvement on the nervous 
and glandular systems is a natural result. 
"Its action on the mucous surfaces is of a similar character. 
The natural secretion is first increased; then it becomes abnormal 
in quantity and quality. At first clear, white, transparent, and 
tenacious, it becomes yellow, or thick green, and even bloody, and 
nearly always tenacious. The tenacity of the discharge, allowing 
it to be drawn out into strings, is analogous to the discharge 
caused by Kali bichromicum, Ammonium bromidum, and Cubebs. 
It differs from the profuse mucous flux of Stannum, Copaiba, and 
Ammonium muriaticum, which is thick and lumpy, and falls in 464 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
masses. The primary mucous flux of Hydrastis passes from 
simple increase of mucus to erosion and ulceration. Its second- 
ary effects are exhaustion or destruction of the glandular sources 
of the mucus,-a condition in which the mucous surface is dry, 
and glazed, and its function destroyed. A muco-purulent, or 
purely purulent, discharge-marks the ultimate primary action of 
Hydrastis. A total arrest of secretion from mucous membranes 
marks its ultimate secondary effects." 
Acting on the bowels, large doses produce mushy, papescent 
stools, with colicky pain in umbilical region, and a gone, faintish 
feeling in the epigastrium, probably from its direct and specific 
action upon the solar plexus. In my proving of the remedy, this 
gone, faint feeling was one of the most prominent symptoms of 
the drug. 
Glandular System.-Hydrastis not only acts upon the gastric 
and intestinal glands, but also affects the larger glands, as the 
liver, salivary, and lymphatics, producing increased secretions. 
It is probably through its action on the lymphatic glandular sys- 
tem that this remedy has cured cancer; but its reputation for 
curing cancer has been thrown into the shade of late, clinical 
experience showing that it is useless, without it is in some cases 
of scirrhus of the breast, where it has proved to be of great value, 
actually curing many cases. Dr. Hale cites one case of scirrhus 
of the stomach where its action was most wonderful. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Mouth.-"Tongue large, flabby, and slimy-looking; the coat- 
ing is a yellow, slimy, sticky fur."-Dr. Clifton. 
In stomatitis, with ulceration of the buccal mucous mem- 
brane, the Muriate of Hydrastia applied locally and given inter- 
nally is about specific. 
Dr. Hale says: "Many physicians use it in all forms of 
stomatitis of children ; in simple ulceration of the buccal mucous 
membrane, in Mercurial sore mouth, and in stomatitis materna. 
I have witnessed the most obstinate varieties of these affections 
yield to the local application of Hydrastis in decoction or powder, 
after the mineral acids, astringents, and Nitrate of Silver had 
been tried in vain." [Use one grain of the Muriate of Hydrastia 
to an ounce of water, and apply frequently ; or, use the Glycerol e.l 
Dr. Lodge has had fine results from Hydrastis in Mercurial 
salivation, using it locally and internally. HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
465 
Stomach.-In gastric disorders, hundreds of physicians have 
found this remedy of great value. Dr. King says: "It is suc- 
cessfully administered in dyspepsia and chronic affections of the 
mucous coats of the stomach. In chronic inflammation of the 
stomach it is very valuable. It will be found of special advan- 
tage in the treatment of persons who are intemperate, gradually 
removing the abnormal condition, and in many cases destroying 
the appetite for liquor." Dr. Scudder says: "In anorexia, indi- 
gestion, and general debility, arising from a languid or atonic 
state of the stomach, it is unsurpassed, restoring tone to the 
stomach, promoting the appetite, and acting as a general restor- 
ative. It may also be employed in those cases of chronic gastritis 
and chronic irritation of the stomach with altered secretion, which 
constitute the worst and most persistent forms of dyspepsia. In 
those sympathetic diseases of the digestive organs arising from 
uterine disease, we have obtained more benefit from this than 
from any other agent. The cases in which this plant is used 
with the most success, are atonic dyspepsia, attended with tor- 
pidity of the liver, languid circulation, and constipated bowels." 
Dr. Hale says : "I have used this medicine in gastric disorders, 
for many years; and my experience, together with a knowledge of 
its general effects, led me to consider it homoeopathic to the 
following conditions: 1. Mucous flux (chronic). 2. Excess of 
epithelium (chronic). 3. The amemic state. 4. Chronic inflam- 
mation (mucous). 5. Ulcer of the stomach. 6. Deficiency of 
gastric juice." 
"Bad appetite; the power of digesting bread and vegetables, 
being especially weak, with sour eructations, and a sodden-look- 
ing facial expression."-Dr. Clifton. 
Dull aching pains in the stomach, which cause a very wreak, 
faint feeling; from portal congestion. 
"There is in the stomach a sensation of weight like a stone, 
with fullness, and an empty, aching, gone feeling, with sour eruc- 
tations."-Dr. Clifton. 
Intestinal Canal.-Mucous diarrhoea, or light-yellow, papes- 
cent stools. 
Goneness in the epigastrium; acidity and constipation; after 
stool for hours, severe pain in the rectum and anus. 
No remedy will be found more useful in chronic constipation. 
Dr. Hastings reported many cases cured by its use in drop doses 
of the tincture. 
Dr. Hughes says: "My chief experience with Hydrastis has 
been in the treatment of constipation ; for which it is a precious HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. 
466 
remedy, far superior to Nux vomica, usually prescribed. It is in 
the cases where constipation stands alone, or is itself the cause 
of the other existing ailments, that I find the Hydrastis so 
valuable. I have used it in the potencies, from the first to the 
sixth decimal; but the second has seemed to me the most'satis- 
factory." 
Dr. Massy says: "In all the cases reported, as well as in the 
cases wherein I have found it successful, the constipation was of 
long standing, had been aggravated by cathartic medicines; the 
patients were weak and enfeebled; the complexion sallow; the 
tongue foul; pain in the lower bowels and rectum; indigestion; 
stools hard and nodulated. The best results have been obtained 
from the tincture, 1st and 2d dilutions, repeated two or three 
times a day." [I give two drops of the tincture morning and 
night, in water, with complete satisfaction.] 
"In excoriations of the anus and ulcerations of the rectum, 
or fissure, the local application of Hydrastis acts promptly." 
Dr. Albertson has cured a number of cases of jaundice with 
Hydrastis; the skin and eyes dark green yellow color; urine 
very dark; faeces light colored, and great debility. 
Catarrhal inflammation of the bile-duct or duodenum. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Gleet, with debility; copious dis- 
charge, painless. (Use the infusion by injection.) 
Inflammation and ulceration of bladder. (Inject infusion.) 
Sexual Organs, Female. - Uterine catarrh, endometritis, 
with muco-purulent, stringy discharge, and great debility. (Lo- 
cally and internally.) 
For epithelial abrasions of cervix, os, and vagina, apply locally, 
one ounce in hot water, one gallon at a time, or with cotton 
tampon. 
Pruritus vulvae, with erotic furor. (Muriate Glycerole locally.) 
Respiratory Organs.-Nasal catarrh; discharge of thick 
white mucus, with coryza and headache. 
Copious discharge of thin, watery mucus ; soreness of nostrils. 
Stuffed, choked condition of the air-passages. 
Bronchitis in old, exhausted people, with thick, yellow, tena- 
cious, stringy sputa, and loss of appetite. 
"Palpitation of the heart, with heavy, dull, hard thumping, 
fullness of chest and dyspnoea, with dyspepsia."-li. C. Smedley. 
Cough, with expectoration of thick, yellow, very tenacious 
mucus. Stringy and profuse, in chronic bronchitis. HYOSCYAMUS NIGER. 
467 
Skin.-Erysipeloid rash, covering face, neck, palms of the 
hands, and joints. (Glycerole locally.) 
"For cracks, fissures, and abrasions of the nipples, use the 
Glycerole Muriate. Rodent ulcers, the face of a dingy, reddish- 
yellow color, dry, glazed, and free from granulations, with slight 
discharge. "-Phillips. 
"Small-pox; great swelling; redness and itching; throat very 
sore."-Hale. 
"Early stages of cancer, and chiefly where the location is in a 
gland, or in the immediate vicinity."-Dr. Bayes. 
Dr. E. J. Blake has witnessed rapid disappearance of epithe- 
lial lip-cancer, with Hydrastis, locally and internally. 
Dull, heavy, dragging pain, and stiffness of the small of the 
back, particularly across the lumbar region. 
HYOSCYAMUS NIGER. 
Hen-bane. 
Habitat: Europe, Asia, America, etc. Iincture of green, flowering plant. Class I. 
Antidotes-Bell., Op., Camph., Cocc., Coff., Nux vom., Am., Cham. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Hyoscyamus has nine 
special centers of action: 
I. Brain. Violent, Loquacious, Quarrelsome Delir.; Insom. 
II. Cord. (Motor Tract.) Convulsions; Paralysis. 
III. Eyes. Powerful Mydriatic. 
IV. Ears. Paresis of the Auditory Nerve; Deafness. 
A . Digestive Organs. Paralysis of all Sphincter Muscles. 
VI. Intestines. Involuntary Diarrhoea. 
A II. Urinary Organs. Diuresis; Sphincter Paralysis. 
A III. Circulation. Sloived, with Increased Blood-Pressure 
IX. Temperature. (I) Increased; (5) Diminished. 
Brain.-The action of this cerebro-stimulant in many respects 
resembles that of Belladonna and Daturia ; indeed, their action is 
so similar that such men as Bartholow, M. M. Oulmont, Laurent, HYOSCYAMUS NIGER. 
468 
and many others, write them up together ; but a close study of 
their effects shows each one, when taken as a whole, has a decided 
action peculiar to itself, and occupies in therapeutics a distinct 
individuality. 
Large doses of Hyoscyamus, in man, produce "delirium 
resembling that of drunkenness,- a garrulous delirium, with 
proneness to altercation and quarrelsomeness. Hence one of the 
ancient names, Altercum. Its power to produce an excited, quar- 
relsome, or fantastic mania, is universally conceded."-Dunham. 
"Fullness and heat of the head, flushing of the face, injection 
of the eyes, and cerebral excitement, manifested by indistinct or 
clouded vision, and sometimes total blindness; giddiness, delir- 
ium, and hallucination; sometimes natural objects assume a 
grotesque appearance, or the field of vision is filled by luminous 
figures. There is little or no inclination to sound sleep, but a 
sort of somnolence, with incoherent muttering, like that which is 
so common in typhoid fever. One-twelfth of a grain of Hyoscy- 
amia produces wakeful, quiet, usually pleasing delirium, with 
illusions of sight; or with such excessive somnolence that the 
patient can not keep the eyelids raised for a few seconds, but, 
when aroused, lapses again into a dreamy sleep, broken by occa- 
sional mutterings, and slight jerking of the limbs. In either 
case, the power of maintaining the erect posture will be lost, and 
at best the patient reels like a drunken man.'- Stille. 
By its action "on the sensorium it produces perversion of per- 
ception, so that illusions perplex the patient; he sees things 
which have no existence; also perversion of intellectual action; 
he reasons erroneously. A distinct mania of the quarrelsome or 
obscene character. The patient would escape, or would be un- 
dressed and walk about nude, or use offensive or unbecoming 
language and gestures; or quarrel with bystanders."-Dr. C. 
Dunham. 
Sleep.-At first, under small doses, an unwonted liveliness, 
and difficulty in getting asleep ; sleeplessness and frequent wak- 
ing, with exaltation of mind and vivid imaginings. Even w'hen it 
occurs, the sleep is very unquiet, the limbs twitch or are con- 
torted into various grotesque shapes, the hands clutch at the 
bedclothes, or grope about here and there; there are convulsive 
twitches, starting up in a fright, grinding of the teeth, groaning 
and starting in sleep. 
The peculiarities of Hyoscyamus may be noted as follows: 
"First, the convulsions, the mania, the delirium, the cough, the HYOSCYAMUS NIGER. 
469 
sleeplessness, all occur almost absolutely without any manifesta- 
tions of fever. In this respect, it presents a marked contrast to 
Belladonna. 
"Second. The singular and definite character of the mania, 
which is loquacious and quarrelsome, the subject often being 
especially inclined to unseemly and immoderate acts, gestures, 
or expressions."-Dunham. 
Eyes.-The action of this drug upon the eyes, is marked and 
powerful, "especially on the pupils, which it dilates more rapidly, 
more completely, and for a longer period, than Atropine. The 
sight is impaired for many days, objects appear scarlet, and 
filled with luminous figures. In some cases, the clouded vision 
passes into total blindness, and the conjunctiva becomes injected. 
In seme, the letters seem to be running about the page." Stille 
says, that, as a means of dilating the pupil, Hyoscyamia is supe- 
rior to all other agents; and Schroff asserts that Hyoscyamia is 
decidedly more powerful than Atropia as a mydriatic, as concerns 
its local action on the pupil. Spasms of the muscles of the eye 
are also a prominent effect of Hyoscyamus. 
Ears.-In some cases the hearing is entirely lost, probably 
from paresis of the auditory nerve. 
Digestive Organs.-The action of this remedy upon the 
throat is identical with that of A tropine, only not quite so power- 
ful. If one twenty-fourth to one thirtieth of a grain is injected 
under the skin, in from ten to twenty minutes the tongue grows 
more or less completely dry, rough, and brown; the hard and soft 
palate dry and glazed. The dryness of the throat renders swal- 
lowing almost impossible; the voice becomes hoarse and husky. 
Inflammation and even gangrene of the stomach have been 
produced. Large doses produce griping pains and diarrhoea ; the 
stools occur at night, and are involuntary during sleep, from in- 
ertia of the sphincter ani. 
Hyoscyamus produces paralysis of the sphincters of the anus 
and bladder, but not in such a marked degree as does Atropia. 
It hardly ever produces constipation. 
Kidneys.-The diuretic action of this drug is marked, and it 
is eliminated so copiously that the urine possesses the virtues of 
the remedy so strong that it has the power of dilating the pupil. 
The bladder is often paralyzed, so that urine accumulates, and 
the patient is unable to expel it, or is unconscious of its presence. 470 
HYOSCYAMUS NIGER. 
Respiratory Organs.-Through the vagi, the secretions are 
dried, producing a dry, nervous, spasmodic cough, aggravated at 
night, relieved by sitting up. In Belladonna, the patient is com- 
pelled to sit up; but it does not relieve the cough. 
Scroll found that Hyoscyamus paralyzed the extremities of 
the vagus, retarding the respiration, and aphonia is often pro- 
duced. 
Muscles.-Dr. Dunham says: "It paralyzes and convulses 
the voluntary muscular system, e. g., the extremities, and para- 
lyzes the involuntary system; produces convulsions and paralysis 
(with pale face, quiet pulse, nervousness); as, for example, 
paralysis of the constrictors of the pharynx and sphincter ani. 
. . . The spasmodic affections may be either subsultus ten- 
dinum of a single extremity, or general epileptic convulsions; 
the limbs are forcibly curved, and the body is thrown up from the 
bed ; the patient then falls with a cry, in general convulsions. It 
resembles, and is useful in, convulsions from intestinal worms, 
and especially in puerperal convulsions." 
Circulation.-"Hyoscyamia, in doses of 1-40 grain, will cause 
the pulse rate to fall from 80 to 50; and doses of 1-10 grain will 
primarily accelerate the pulse by six or twenty beats and for the 
period of about an hour, after which it slowly declines, but gains 
in force and volume."-Dr. Harley. 
"In the elaborate research of Laurent, it was found that the 
capillaries of the frog's web contracted after the local application 
of Hyoscyamia, even when the nerves had been previously 
severed, and also after the hypodermic use of the poison; but 
small doses augmented both the pulse rate and the arterial ten- 
sion, while large doses increased the former and diminished the 
latter. The direct application of the Alkaloid to the heart pro- 
duced a rapid diminution of the number of its beats."-Wood. 
Temperature.-Small doses slightly increase the tempera- 
ture ; and large doses diminish the central temperature. 
A singular peculiarity of the drug is that children have to take 
very large doses to have it affect them, while old people are 
rapidly and readily influenced by the remedy. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Head and Mind.-Too active condition of the sensorial func- 
tions, with great nervous excitability. HYOSCYAMUS NIGER. 
471 
"Involuntary, loud laughter, with silly actions, and convulsive 
trembling."-G. 
Sleeplessness from renal affections; very excitable. 
"Delirium, with jerking of the limbs, and diarrhoea, red face, 
wild, staring look, and throbbing of the carotids."-G. 
"Lascivious furor, without modesty; she wishes to uncover 
and expose herself."-G. I'Puerperal insanity.] 
"Wishes to run away for fear of being hurt."-G. 
"Entire loss of consciousness; sees persons who are not, and 
have not been, present."-G. 
"Muttering, and picking at the bedclothes."-G. 
"He lies in bed nude and chatters; he walks about insane, 
naked, wrapped in a skin during the summer heat. The charac- 
ter of the mental affection is one which is prevalent in puerperal 
mania, or in mania relating to, or in any way depending on, 
functional or organic maladies of the sexual organs of women. 
The non-congestive or non-inflammatory forms of puerperal 
mania have been fully recognized and established in clinical 
experience. "-D. 
"Sleeplessness or dozing, with the brain full of ideas, figures, 
and bewildering images."-D. 
"The vertigo of Hyoscyamus is attended by obscuration of 
vision, and loss of general sensibility of the external surface of the 
body."-D. 
The pains are mostly felt in the forehead. 
Eyes.-Objects appear red and too large. 
Spasmodic action of the internal rectus. 
Twitching in the eyes; dim vision, as if a veil before the eyes. 
When reading, the letters move about, from mydriasis. 
"Excessive dilatation of the pupils, with complete loss of sen- 
sibility to touch."-D. 
Loss of both sight and hearing; night blindness. 
"The eyes become short-sighted; distorted, stare and pro- 
trude."-D. 
Small objects seem very large. 
Hyoscyamus has proved an excellent remedy for squinting, 
double vision, and convergent squint of the right eye. 
"Eyes red, sparkling, staring; rolling about in orbits; tearing 
beating in right eye; seem projected and watery."-Hg. 
"Spasmodic closing of eyelids; can not open the lids."-Hg. 
Several cases of hemeralopia have been cured by this remedy. 
Distorted face, risus sardonicus; flushed, excited countenance. 472 
HYOSCYAMUS NIGER. 
Digestive Organs.-Tongue dry, red, brown, cracked, and 
tremulous. 
Tongue dry and paralyzed. 
Soft and hard palate both dry and glazed. 
Fauces and throat deep red and dry, impossible to swallow. 
"Dryness of throat; inability to swallow liquids."-Dr.Hill. 
Speech impaired, difficult, and unintelligible, from arrest of 
secretion. Spasms of the throat, with very great difficulty in 
swallowing. 
"Violent pain in the stomach, with vomiting and hiccough." 
-Raue. 
Nausea and vomiting, with hiccough, and spasm of tho 
oesophagus. Much thirst, with tenderness of the stomach. 
Painless yellow, watery, involuntary diarrhoea. In typhoid 
states, the watery stools are passed unconsciously; the patient 
desires to uncover, or remain naked. 
Much distention of the abdomen, in nervous fevers. 
Involuntary stools during sleep at night, from paralysis of the 
sphincter. 
Urinary Organs.-Paralysis of the sphincter vesicse and ani, 
with involuntary stool and urine. 
Involuntary micturition from paralysis of sphincter vesicse. 
Great difficulty in voiding urine; can not without pressing. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Excited sexual desire, without 
excitement of the fancy."-G. 
"Loud laughter at the approach of the menses, with convul- 
sive trembling."-G. 
Hysterical spasms before the menses, with convulsive trem- 
bling during the menses, insomnia. 
"Labor-like pains previous to menstruation, in the uterus, 
with drawing in the loins and small of the back."-Hah. 
Profuse menstruation, with trembling of the extremities. 
Spasms during parturition, with much nervous excitability 
Nymphomania, with tendency to expose the person. 
Puerperal mania, with desire to be uncovered and nude. 
"Hysterical females and young girls whose bowels are apt to 
bloat and who are subject to attacks of diarrhoea, with colicky 
pains and frequent urging to stool, or where the sphincters are 
weak, causing great difficulty in retaining the feces, and where 
the least excitement or mental trouble produces the attack."- 
Hempel. HYOSCYAMUS NIGER. 
473 
Air-Passages.-"Spasmodic dry cough, always worse by lying 
down, relieved by sitting up."-G. 
"Nocturnal spasmodic dry cough, excited by a recumbent post- 
ure, and abating immediately after the vertical posture is 
resumed. (Specific.)"-Baehr. 
This is a most valuable remedy in incessant, dry, spasmodic 
cough; with tickling in the throat, aggravated at night, in cold 
air, from eating or drinking, and especially by lying down; 
relieved by sitting up. 
Hoarseness, with dry and inflamed throat; hysteria. 
Skin.-Skin of a bright red hue, resembling scarlet fever, 
with dry, sore throat, and much nervousness. 
Hot, dry, brittle skin, with want of sensation. 
Fever.-Hyoscyamus is indicated in those fevers in which 
torpor of the entire organism predominates. 
The patients have a dull, fixed expression of face; delirium is 
lacking; or, if present, it consists of a confused farrago of com- 
plex images; the perceptive faculty is almost suspended."- 
Wurmb. 
Chill from feet upward, with much shaking. 
"Whole body cold, with hot face."- He/. 
Much heat of body in skin disease and typhoid states. 
Extremities.-Cramps and spasms of the extremities. 
Spasms flex the limbs, and the body is tossed upward. 
Many convulsive movements, or severe convulsions. 
Muscular twitching; subsultus tendinum. 
Great weakness of the legs ; staggering gait. 
In walking, the toes contract spasmodically. 
Convulsions of children ; from fright, or after eating. 
Spasms of various kinds involving the voluntary muscles. 
"The convulsions differ from those for which Belladonna is 
indicated, in this particular, that they are neither preceded, 
accompanied, nor followed by symptoms of cerebral congestion, 
or of grqat energy of arterial action, as is the case with Bella- 
donna convulsions. Indeed, the absence of all such signs is 
remarkable under Hyoscyamus. Now, of all convulsions that 
could exist without these symptoms, none are so probable as con- 
vulsions from the irritation of intestinal worms, labor, or the 
puerperal state."-D. 474 
HYPERICUM PERFORATUM. 
All convulsions, where the muscles twitch from the eyes to the 
toes. 
Aggravation.-Evenings and night; cold air; menstruation; 
mental affections, jealousy, and unhappy love. 
Amelioration.-On stooping; during the day; and the cough 
from rising and sitting up. 
HYPERICUM PERFORATUM. 
St. John's Wort. 
Habitat: Europe, etc. Tincture of the fresh, blooming plant, Class III. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Hypericum has two spe- 
cial centers of action: 
I. Venous System. Capillary Paralysis; Congestion. 
II. Joints. Rheumatoid Inflammation. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Through the sentient nervous sys- 
tem, Hypericum acts upon the radicles of the veins. From Dr. 
Muller's proving, we learn that it is capable of producing a good 
deal of vascular erethism and congestion of the brain. It seems 
to have a specific action upon the spinal nervous system. And it 
is useful when the spinal cord has been injured. It has proved 
itself as much a specific in injuries of the nervous system, as 
Arnica has in injuries of the muscular system. It also seems to 
have a diuretic action upon the kidneys. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Especially adapted to mechanical injuries of the spinal cord, 
and the nerves at their peripheral extremities. (Given internally 
and applied locally.) 
"Mechanical injuries, wounds by nails or splinters in the feet; 
needles under the nails, squeezing or hammering of the toes and 
fingers, especially the tips of the fingers; when the nerves have 
been lacerated, wounded, or torn, with excruciating pains. It 475 
prevents lock-jaw from wounds in the soles of the feet, or of the 
fingers, and palms of the hands."-Dr. Franklin. 
Injuries of the nerves, attended with great pain. (It should 
be used locally as well as internally.) 
"Next to the nervous system, the joints are affected; all the 
articulations feel bruised."-Hg. 
IGNATIA AMARA. 
IGNATIA AMARA. 
St. Ignatius' Bean. 
Habitat: East India, etc. Tincture of finely powdered seed. Class IV. 
Antidotes-Camph., Cocc., Coff., Nux vom., Arn., Cham., Puls., Zinc. 
Through the cerebro-spinal (especially spinal) nervous system, 
Ignatia has seven special centers of action: 
I. Cord. Hyperesthesia; Spasms; Paralysis. 
II. Eyes. Hysterical Asthenopia. 
III. Throat. Globus. 
IV. Stomach. Atony; Goneness, or Great Emptiness. 
V. Intestines. Diarrhoea; Prolapsus Ani. 
VI. Kidneys. Nervous Diuresis. 
VII. Generative 0., Women. Copious Menstruation; Hysteria. 
Spinal Cord.-Marcy and Hunt say: "Its specific sphere is 
the spine, from which all the symptoms proceed. It produces 
nervous diseases, and especially clonic spasms; over-excitement 
of the spinal nervous system, giving rise to nervous symptoms." 
It has a special action upon the medulla oblongata and spinal 
cord, producing tetanic convulsions, dyspnoea, asphyxia, and 
death. 
Dr. R. Hughes says: "Ignatia exalts the impressionability 
of the incident nerves all over the body. We have, hence, pains 
and other morbid sensations well-nigh everywhere; increased 
susceptibility of the special senses ; emotional sensitiveness ; and, 
probably from reflex excitation, twitchings, constrictions, and 
spasms. This action of the drug is not deep and lasting. An 476 
IGNATIA AMARA. 
alternating series of symptoms-numbness, torpor, depression- 
soon appears, which are themselves as superficial as their pred- 
ecessors. The febrile symptoms have the same characteristics." 
Dr. C. Dunham says: "Ignatia acts less than Nux vomica 
upon the organic substance of the body, producing appreciable 
changes in the tissues, and much more exclusively upon the vital 
power. Upon the vital power, its action is not so much exalting 
or depressing,-although in certain organs each of these varieties 
of action is distinguishable,-but rather disturbing, destroying 
the harmony of action between different portions of the organism, 
preventing the co-ordination of functions. Thus, where we find 
heat of the body, and should anticipate such a condition of the 
nervous system as would make cool air agreeable, the contrary 
condition obtains; where we should, from the fever existing, 
expect thirst, we find none, and rice versa. The great sensitive- 
ness of the surface, instead of being aggravated by contact and 
by pressure, is relieved by it, etc., etc. . . . 
"And yet, singular as this state of things is, it finds its anal- 
ogy in the natural history of disease. For, if you analyze the 
phenomena of hysteria, you will find this ' perversion of co-ordi- 
nation of functions' to be the fundamental principle of the 
malady; and, of all our remedies, none so completely corre- 
sponds to hysteria, and so often cures it, as Ignatia. 
"In the words of Dr. Wurmb, the whole character of Ignatia 
may be expressed in two words: 'Entgegengesetzte Nebenb&schwer- 
den, '-Accessory or concomitant phenomena which are contra- 
dictory to, or inconsistent with, each other." 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Mind.-The patient is full of grief; frequent involuntary sigh- 
ing, with a sensation of goneness or emptiness in the pit of 
the stomach; full of hysteria. 
"Strongly inclined to solitude, and to be very secretive and 
passive."-G. [Hysterical females.] 
"Full of grief; with a weak, empty feeling at the pit of the 
stomach, which is not relieved by eating, with much sadness and 
sighing."-G. 
"Mental symptoms change often from joy to sadness."-G. 
"The patient is sensitive, peevish, excitable, hysterical, with 
sanguine nervous temperament; is delicate ; falls easily in love ; 
is romantic; bears trials meekly, and readilv falls into clonic 
spasms after mental agitation."- Marcy and Hunt. IGNATIA AMARA. 
477 
Silent grief, combined with mortification, suppressed vex- 
ation ; fretfulness of temper with timidity, or spasmodic laughter 
from grief., 
"Disappointed affection, with silent grief constantly preying 
upon the mind, or fright, followed by sadness or grief. Sleep- 
lessness, caused by dejection and grief."-Marcy and Hunt. 
Excessive convulsive yawning, with stiffness or pain in the 
nape of the neck, with a feeling as if being swung to and fro. 
"When the bad effects of anger, of grief, and of sudden men- 
tal shocks, produce still grief, or a disposition to brood over 
sorrow instead of giving way."-D. 
"The symptoms of the mind are most important. Anxiety as 
though something terrible had happened; he can not speak 
because of it; hurry, fearfulness, terror, alternating with irresolu- 
tion and inertness."-D. 
Head.-"Headache, as if a nail were driven out through the 
side, relieved by lying on it."-Hah. 
"Nervous headache when the eyes are involved ; more generally 
one eye, with burning lachrymation; pressure in the eye from 
within outward."-Hempel. 
"Throbbing pain in the occiput; worse from pressing at stool, 
from smoking, or the smell of tobacco smoke."-Raue. 
"One of the chief symptoms is weight at the back of the head, 
and a tendency of the head to incline backward against the back 
of a chair, probably from congestion of the cerebellum."-Bayes. 
"Ignatia headache is met with in highly nervous and sensitive 
temperaments, or in those whose nervous system has given way 
to anxiety, grief, or mental work; is periodical; generally begins 
in the region of the ear and mastoid process, and runs up to the 
parietal bone, or back to the occiput, leaving a stiffness in the 
nape of the neck; is often deep seated in the eyeball; increases 
gradually in severity, and then suddenly abates, with a profuse 
flow of pale, limpid urine. Relieved by warmth, rest, and stim- 
ulants ; aggravated by cold winds, motion, noise and light."-Dr. 
Shuldham. 
Eyes.-Asthenopia and amblyopia in females, due to onanism 
or ciliary neuralgia ; in hysterical subjects. 
Sometimes photophobia is intense but fitful. 
"Pain extending from the head into the left eye, which makes 
it burn and wrater."-Joerg. 
Mouth and Throat.-"Odontalgia as if the teeth were crushed 
into fragments."-Hempel. 478 
IGNATIA AMARA. 
"Burning pain in the front teeth; teeth all sore; worse after 
drinking coffee, after smoking, after dinner, in the evening, and 
when lying down."-Hg. 
"In talking or chewing, bite themselves in the cheek."-Hg. 
The mouth is full of mucus and very sour. 
Mouth constantly tastes sour. 
"Sensation in the throat as if there were a large morsel of 
food or a plug sticking there; felt more when not swallowing 
than when swallowing."-Hah. 
Constant feeling in the throat of a large lump that can not be 
swallowed, or as if a bone had lodged there. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-"Feeling of emptiness or goneness 
in the stomach, with a sensation as if a number of pins were 
sticking in it; not relieved by eating."-Hempel. 
Sensation as if the stomach was shortened. 
"Sensation in the stomach as if one had been fasting too 
long; as if the stomach was empty, with flat taste and languor." 
-Hempel. 
"Gastralgia, with sticking pains, brought on by starvation, 
care, and grief."-Hartman. 
"Excessive flatulence."-Hughes. [Hysterical females.] 
"The gastric sphere of Ignatia is want of tone in the great 
sympathetic system, as shown by the ' feeling of weakness in the 
epigastrium, and pain as if strained,' with great depression." 
-Bayes. 
"Feeling of flabbiness in the stomach."-Hah. 
"The symptoms that particularly indicate Ignatia in gas- 
tralgia are periodical attacks of cramps of the stomach, coming 
on usually at night, or after eating; aggravated by the slightest 
contact, mitigated by change of position."-Jousset 
"Great distention of the hypochondria, especially in the sides, 
pit of the stomach, and small of the back; so full she could 
hardly breathe."-Helbig. 
"The stool is but little affected. There is a tendency to fre- 
quent but scanty stool, as in <Nux vomica; but Ignatia acts less 
on the substance of the rectum and more on its nerves. Thus, 
in the rectum we have a distressing contraction of the sphincter, 
most painful after stool, and when walking or standing, relieved 
by sitting."-D. 
"Moderate pressure at stool causes prolapsus ani, and stab- 
bing, stitching pains from the anus upward."-D. 
Coarse stitches, and spasmodic tension the whole day in the 
rectum; haemorrhoids; prolapsus ani. IGNATIA AMARA. 
479 
Bowels inclined to be loose, with stabbing pains in the rectum. 
. "Haemorrhoids; the tumors prolapse with every stool, and 
have to be replaced; they are sore as if excoriated, both hemor- 
rhage and pain are worse when the stool is loose; dragging pains 
around the pelvis."-D. 
"Piles, attended with pains shooting deep into the rectum, 
seemingly up into the abdomen, with a sensation of excoriation 
or contraction of the anus."-G. 
Neuralgia of the rectum ; pain in the anus, returning regularly 
every day; worse when walking or standing, relieved by sitting. 
"Stitches in the hgemorrhoidal tumors during cough."-G. 
Urinary Organs.-Urine pale and profuse. 
"Scanty, dark-colored, and acrid urine."-Teste. 
Profuse, limpid, copious urination in hysterical subjects. 
Nervous, watery urine is the characteristic. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"Sexual desire, with impotence."-G. 
"Erections always on going to stool."-Hah. 
Complete loss of sexual desire; frequent sighing. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Too frequent and too profuse 
menstruation is the most characteristic; but Dr. Guernsey says 
the menses are scanty, black, and of a putrid odor. 
"Uterine cramps, with stitches."-G. [Globus prominent.] 
"Chlorosis; the stomach is very delicate; oedema of the lower 
limbs."-Dr. Eisenman. [Globus hystericus.] 
"Ignatia has a general correspondence to hysteria ; character- 
ized by a mental character which is mild, gentle, yielding though 
whimsical (else it were not hysteria) and introverted."-D. 
Respiratory Organs.-"Dry, hollow cough mornings."-Hg. 
"Dry, rough, hard, spasmodic cough, with a sensation of a 
feather, or the vapor of sulphur, in the throat."-Jahr. 
"Constrictive sensation above the throat-pit, which compels 
one to cough."-Teste. [Constant sighing.] 
"Constant hacking cough in the evening in bed."-Teste. 
"Every time he stands still, during a walk, he coughs."-Hg. 
When lying down in the evening has constant desire to cough. 
Fever.-"During the chill, thirsty, seeks external warmth; 
during the fever heat, no thirst; external warmth very pleasant; 
sitting up relieves the chill."-Hah. 
The chilliness predominates in Ignatia, and the heat seems 
almost external, with much sighing. 480 
Extremities.-"Cold hands, and cold feet up to the knees; 
numbness of feet, legs, and sometimes the lower limbs."-Teste. 
"Sudden spasmodic action of a muscle; and the limbs jerk 
suddenly."-W. Pearson, M. D. 
Spasms and tetanic convulsions in hysterical women and chil- 
dren ; especially when falling asleep. 
Clonic convulsions in hysterical, fitful women. 
"Tetanic convulsions, with frequent inclination to yawn."- 
Marcy and Hunt. 
Chorea. The convulsions are greatest in the mouth, produc- 
ing much distortion of the face; in females, globus. 
"Spasms in children from fright or from worms. 
Epilepsy, caused by fright or grief."- Ilaue. 
"Child pale, cold; fixed, staring look; occasional screams; 
vomits food."-A. F. Squire, M. D. 
"Stiffness of the nape of the neck."-G. 
"Tearing pains in the back of the legs."-Hah. 
Great weakness and exhaustion of the whole body. 
Is very restless at night in bed, in hysterical subjects. 
"Symptoms occur in the morning and evening, but more par- 
ticularly in the morning."-Teste. 
"Morning is the best time to give this remedy."-Hah. 
Aggravation.-"Like Nux vomica, the symptoms are aggra- 
vated by contact, motion, open air, and from artificial warmth " 
(Teste); from mental affections ; anger; fright; anxiety; silent 
grief; strong smells; coffee, tobacco, and when yawning. 
Amelioration.-From warmth; changing position; when ly- 
ing on the back, and from hard pressure. 
IGNATIA AM AR A. IODINE. 
481 
IODINE. 
lodium. 
An element Alcoholic eolation. Two parts by weight to nine of Alcohol. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Starch. Ant. tart., Hep., Sulph., Merc., Op., Bell., Ars. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Iodine has fifteen spe- 
jial centers of action: , 
I. Glandular S. (7) Hyper-Secretion; (2) Atrophy (lodism). 
II. Mammae, (7) Increased Secretion; (2) Complete Atrophy. 
III. Ovaries, Testicles. (I) Stimulated; (2) Complete Atrophy. 
IV. Uterine Glands. (7) Increased Secretions; (2) Atrophy. 
V. Thyroid Gland. Great Hypertrophy. 
VI. Lacteals, Lymph. (7) Stimulated; (2) Atony and Atrophy. 
VII. Salivary Glands. Salivation Without Fetor. 
VIII. Pancreas. (7) Hyper-Secret'n; (5) Atrophy; Loss of Funct'n. 
IX. Liver. (7) Stimulated; (ff) Atrophy; Emaciation; Jaundice. 
X. Kidneys. Tubular Nephritis; Albuminuria. 
XI. Mucous Mem. Congestion; Inflammation; Mucorrhoea. 
XII. Skin. Acne-Like Nodes; Urticaria; Eczema; Anasarca. 
XIII. Serous Membranes. Plastic Inflammation; Effusion. 
XIV. Blood. Anaemic; Fibrine Increased. 
XV. Arteries. Prolonged Arterial Spasm. 
Glandular System. - Iodine, through the organic nervous 
system, acts upon the whole lymphatic and glandular system, 
especially centering upon the thyroid, mesenteric glands, mammae, 
ovaries, and testicles. At first, it stimulates them to increased 
action; as shown by the congestion of the ovaries, producing 
menorrhagia; in the testicles, by increase of sexual appetite; the 
salivary glands, by salivation; the liver, by increased biliary 
secretion; the pancreas, by increased secretion, and so on 
throughout all of the glands, including those of the mucous mem- 
branes. This hyper-stimulation is soon followed by depression 
of the most marked character, with great emaciation, both local 482 
IODINE. 
and general, which is the leading feature of the action of this 
drug. This emaciation is so marked that Iodine has been styled 
a "liquefacient" of the tissues. 
Mamma.-In lodism, the mammae and testicles go first, and 
then the face falls in, and the whole body wastes away. "It is 
generally admitted that the female breast is the only organ 
which may undergo complete atrophy as a result of the action of 
Iodine. Hufeland first suggested, over fifty years ago, the possi- 
bility that atrophy of the testicles might also be produced by the 
Iodine treatment. His idea found a ready acceptance, and was 
quoted so often by one author after another, that it gradually 
came to be accepted as a fact; but it has not been proved. A 
similar statement can not be made with regard to its action on the 
mammae. Although all authorities, and especially Ricord, agree 
that it is of very rare occurrence, still cases are constantly 
occurring from time to time, in which the atrophy of the mam- 
mary glands is unquestionably an effect of the Iodine treatment.,r 
-Ziemssen. 
Ovaries and Uterus.-In Joerg's experiments, "when the dose 
was augmented to two grains, a diffused sense of heat and sexual 
excitement were produced. Other observers have noted this 
abnormal sexual excitement; and some have stated that at times 
it precedes atrophy of the mammae or of the testicles. Prof. Stille 
affirms that the menstrual flow may become excessive, or that 
during pregnancy abortion may be caused."-Wood. 
Bartholow says he has never observed wasting of the mammae 
and testes by large doses of the Iodides, but has no doubt about 
their antaphrodisiac effects; and he has seen permanent loss of 
sexual power caused by large and continued doses of the Iodides. 
This statement I can confirm. I have a patient now who has lost 
his sexual power from large doses of the Iodide of Potassium 
taken previous to my treatment of the case. 
Dr. Hughes says : "The specific influence of Iodine upon the 
glands of the generative organs would suggest its frequent 
employment in morbid states of these glands, especially when 
occurring in scrofulous and tubercular subjects. In such pa- 
tients, prostatitis in the male, and amenorrhoea, galactorrhcea, 
and leucorrhoea in the female, subject, have been cured by it. I 
speak with more diffidence when I suggest that to such an influ- 
ence is due the dispersion of mammary, ovarian, and uterine 
tumors, which has sometimes been accomplished by Iodine. It is 
worth noting, however, that the tumors of the uterus which have 
-in Dr. Ashweirs words-'melted down, under the action of IODINE. 
483 
Iodine, appear invariably to have originated in the cervix, i. e., in 
the glandular and secreting portion of the organ. In inflamma- 
tion and induration of this part, moreover, Iodine is a remedy of 
tried value. Here, probably, what has been said about strumous 
glands holds good; and the ovary seems to bear to Iodine just 
the same relation as the thyroid. Ovarian dropsy, at least of the 
unilocular kind, is analogous to cystic bronchocele, and, like it, 
is far more amenable to the injection than to the administration 
of the drug. It should be borne in mind, I think, in cases of 
sterility where the strumous diathesis exists." 
Thyroid Gland.-No remedy has a more powerful and specific 
action upon this gland; large and continued doses of Iodine fre- 
quently produce hypertrophy of the thyroid gland; and, in regu- 
lar bronchocele, or simple soft hypertrophy of this gland, Iodine 
in its various preparations has cured thousands of cases. Stille 
says : "From time immemorial, sponges and other marine prod- 
ucts containing Iodine have been recognized as popular reme- 
dies for goiter. " 
Dr. R. Hughes says: "Let us consider what bronchocele is, 
and what are the phenomena of its disappearance under Iodine. 
The thyroid body, whose enlargement constitutes the disease, is 
one of those ductless glands whose operation is doubtless con- 
cerned with the composition of the blood itself. It may be (as 
Mr. Simon thinks) a diverticulum for the cerebral circulation, as 
the spleen is for that of the stomach ; but its structure forbids the 
supposition that this is its only function any more than that is of 
the spleen. The albuminous matter it separates from its large 
supply of blood is contained in the interstices of its honeycomb- 
like structure, and is probably taken up from thence by its no 
less abundant lymphatics. Simple bronchocele seems to be a 
failure on the part of the lymphatics to undertake this absorp- 
tion, so that the secretion accumulates; and this, and not any 
increase in its fibrous or connective tissue, constitutes, at fiist 
at least, the hypertrophy of the gland. It may come on rapidly, 
like the splenic enlargement of ague, and, like that, maj rapidly 
subside. In old and hard goiters, of course, the stroma itself 
must have become thickened, and the fluid possibly absorbed. 
These are permanent. 
"Now, the conclusions at which we have already arrived, as to 
the action of Iodine on the lymphatic system, suggest forcibly 
that Iodine acts homceopathically in the cure of the simple 
recent and soft goiter which depends upon unabsorbed secretion. 
Another fact, pointing in the same direction, is the frequent 484 
IODINE. 
occurrence, noted by all observers, of increase of the tumor, with 
hardness, pain, and tenderness when needlessly large doses are 
given. But still more convincing is the minute dose which often 
suffices for the cure. Dr. Kidd records a case in which a large 
but soft goiter of many months' standing entirely disappeared in 
two months under the hundredth of a grain of Iodine night and 
morning. A still more striking instance is related in the Revue 
Homoeopathique Beige, for August, 1874. The enlargement was 
of fifteen years' standing, and had reached the size of a child's 
head, but was soft. Iodine 6th was given on August 3, 1873, and 
repeated every few days up to the end of the year. Improvement 
was felt after the second dose; and, on January 1, 1874, the 
tumor had completely disappeared. Mr. Cameron has even had 
a case in which the 30th dilution effected a cure; but it took 
twelve months to do it. 
"It is otherwise with old, hard goiters. Dr. Kidd mentions a 
hard goiter, in which he could get no effect from Iodine till he 
gave half a grain three times a day; but with these dbses he cured 
it; and, with still larger quantities, the most indurated broncho- 
celes have been known to be melted down. I think we must here 
suppose a destructive action of the drug to be exerted, such as we 
shall have to invoke to account for its power over syphilitic gum- 
mata; and we shall often do well to use its local instead of inter- 
nal exhibition. The success of the application of ointment of 
Biniodide of Mercury in India is, I understand, very constant and 
gratifying. 
"When goiter is cystic, Iodine must be still more locally 
applied; it must be injected into the cavity." 
Bartholow says: "The parenchymatous injection of tincture 
of Iodine, is a remedial means of great importance. An ordinary 
hypodermic syringe is charged with five to fifteen minims or more 
of the tincture, the needle is thrust deeply into the affected tissue, 
and the Iodine is slowly discharged. For injection into parts 
very deeply situated, long needles, such as are made for aspira- 
tion, can be used. This method of treatment is very effective in 
hypertrophied tonsils, goiter, glandular tumors, and the compound 
cystic and glandular growths so frequently found in the neck. 
The author has witnessed the cure of many cases of this kind by 
this method. Some precautions must be attended to in practic- 
ing these injections. When the point of the needle is inserted as 
deeply as desired, it should be moved about to disengage it from 
any vessels into which it may have penetrated. The injection 
should be practiced slowly, to give time for the tincture to diffuse IODINE. 
485 
into the substance of the tumor." Wood says it acts well in 
exophthalmic goiter. 
Lacteals and Lymphatics.-Iodine produces on these glands a 
depressing and atonizing influence, impairing their reproductive 
energies, and producing functional embarrassment and atrophy. 
Dr. R. Hughes says: "Iodine has been styled a 'liquefacient' 
of the tissues, and is supposed to promote their disintegration, 
with such rapidity that the waste is in excess of the supply, and 
hence atrophy. We may have to call up some such action when 
we come to consider the power of the drug over syphilitic and 
other neoplasms; but we can not, I think, use it to explain the 
general wasting which is induced. To begin with, the quantity 
which needs to be introduced is quite insufficient to effect such a 
process. We have, moreover, called to mind that the very func- 
tion of the lymphatic absorbents is to take up such tissue sub- 
stance, disintegrated but not altogether effete, and, having elabo- 
rated it into blood, to pour it back again into the circulation. 
Thus, supposing the absorbent system to continue healthy, the 
result of such increased rapidity in the disintegration of tissue 
would only be an increase in the purity of the substance and the 
energy of the functions of the entire organism. 
"In this 'supposing,' I have indicated what I believe to be the 
true direction in which to look for an explanation of the atrophy 
of Iodine. Its sphere is the great absorbent system, especially 
in its lacteal portion; but its action there-probably by irritation 
of the active protoplasm-is depressant rather than stimulant. 
Given a sluggish taking-up of the chyle by the lacteals, and an 
insufficient elaboration of their contents by the mesenteric 
glands, and we have at once a most important channel of nutri- 
tion choked up and rendered useless. The fatty aliments being 
those which the lacteals chiefly select, the emaciation becomes 
more rapidly apparent than if it had been the albuminous ele- 
ments whose supply was cut off. Dr. Hughes Bennett,-just lost 
to us,-following Ascherson, of Berlin, has shown that the pres- 
ence of oil is essential to the assimilation of albumen; and infers, 
if the fatty elements of food be insufficiently supplied, the albu- 
men remaining unassimilated in the blood will be deposited in the 
tissue as tubercle. If it is still tenable to explain in this way the 
occurrence of primary tuberculosis, it may account for the occa- 
sional development of phthisis pulmonalis in Iodized patients, in 
whom no previous tendency thereto had existed. 
"According to the doctrine of Niemeyer, now generally 
received, scrofula is that vulnerability of constitution which we 486 
IODINE. 
call 'delicacy' plus a tendency on the part of the lymphatic glands 
in the neighborhood of any disordered part to take on hyperplasia 
and become enlarged. The other so-called 'strumous' affections 
are in no way specifically distinct from the same diseases in non- 
strumous subjects, though they are more readily induced, and 
more difficult to cure. But this doctrine, though it well connects 
the facts, does not explain why the lymphatic glands are so apt 
to take on the morbid action specified. It leaves out of sight, 
moreover, what I think can not be gainsaid, that these glands 
may be, and often are, primarily affected. I must agree with Dr. 
H. Goullon, that scrofula is essentially a morbid condition of the 
lymphatic and lacteal system, whereby the lymph and the chyle 
are supplied in an imperfect or vitiated state to the blood, and 
the nutritive processes thereby impaired. 
"If this be so, we can well understand that Iodine may change 
for the better the whole scrofulous diathesis, owing to the pro- 
found action we have seen it to possess upon the lacto-lym- 
phatic system. It must be especially suitable to the sanguine 
form of the scrofulous constitution. I have great confidence in it 
in the tabes mesenterica of childhood. Under its use, the hectic 
first subsides; and the remaining symptoms soon disappear. I 
give the third decimal dilution. 
"Here also, however, I suspect that any power that Iodine 
may have over old indurations and suppurations of the cervical 
glands is due to its destructive action, and requires substantial 
doses. It was early noted that it promoted the formation of 
matter in these adenopathies." 
The salutary action Iodine has over syphilis, will be particu- 
larly spoken of under the action of Iodide of Potash. Iodine is 
one of the leading antidotes for Mercury. 
Salivary Glands.-This drug produces salivation more fre- 
quently than any known drug, excepting Mercury, and has often 
cured salivation caused by Mercury, and that of pregnancy. The 
secretions are destitute of the fetor so characteristic of Mercury. 
Liver.-Through the depressing and atonizing influence Iodine 
has upon the lymphatic system, the functions of the liver are 
destroyed, and atrophy of the organ is produced, with great ema- 
ciation and debility. At first the biliary secretion is increased. 
Pereira and Watson rank it next to Mercury in chronic diseases 
of the liver; and Dr. Dudgeon has cured obstinate jaundice where 
organic disease of the liver was supposed to be the cause. In 
syphilitic diseases of the liver, Iodine and especially the Iodide 
of Mercury and of Potassium are the first remedies to be studied. IODINE. 
487 
Pancreas.-This organ is at first greatly congested, with in- 
creased secretion, followed by atrophy and loss of function. For 
acute and chronic diseases of the pancreas, Iodine is the leading 
remedy. 
Kidneys.-Iodine is chiefly eliminated through the kidneys, 
but to some extent by all the mucous membranes. "Numerous 
observations have been made on the mode and the form in which 
the Iodine preparations are eliminated. According to these, they 
first appear in the saliva, combined with an alkali (as a rule, 
sodium), in from one and a half to ten minutes after they have 
been taken; then, after some hours, in the urine, in the gastric 
juice, in the bile, and in the milk, tears, and blood. Much the 
larger proportion of the Iodine leaves the organism within twenty- 
fours hours by way of the urine ; a small amount, however, remains 
in the body for some time,-even for several weeks, -and appears, 
according to the researches of Cl. Bernard and Heubel, to go 
through a sort of cycle; inasmuch as the salt eliminated in the 
saliva and stomach is reabsorbed in the intestinal canal, and the 
substance is only gradually eliminated in small quantities at a 
time by the kidneys. Iodine was also detected in the milk of 
women who were suckling infants, several days after it had dis- 
appeared from the urine."-Ziemssen. 
Prof. H. C. Wood says : "During its passage through the kid- 
neys, Iodine undoubtedly exerts an influence upon those organs, 
as is shown by its producing albuminuria at times. It is indeed 
asserted that it occasionally causes a true tubular nephritis. 
The evidence as to its effects upon the solids of the urine, is both 
contradictory and insufficient. M. Rabuteau dieted himself for 
five days, measured the quantity of urea daily eliminated, took 
Iodine on the fifth day, and found a decided decrease in the excre- 
tion of urea. It is plain that this experiment was too slight to be 
of much value; and Dr. Hermann von Boeck found that the in- 
gestion of Iodine does not increase notably the elimination by the 
kidneys or bowels. On the other hand, M. Bouchard declares that 
Iodine does increase the daily elimination of urea, especially in 
diabetic patients. Dr. C. Handheld Jones analyzed the urine of 
six patients taking large doses of Iodide of Potassium, with the 
following results: First, water increased in three cases very 
much, in one slightly, in two diminished; second, acidity in- 
creased in three, and diminished in two; third, urea increased 
in three and diminished in three; fourth, phosphoric acid and 
sulphuric acid increased in four and diminished in two; fifth, 488 
IODINE. 
chlorine increased very greatly in two cases, moderately in one, 
and decreased in two; sixth, uric acid increased very greatly in 
two cases and diminished in four." This shows how Iodine affects 
different constitutions. I have no doubt, if the parties spoken of 
above had been all inclined to be fleshy, leuco-phlegmatic consti- 
tutions, the effects of Iodine upon all would have been very similar, 
on account of the great affinity Iodine has for hydrogen. It also 
affects the lymphatics of the kidneys, and should be well studied 
in Bright's disease. 
Mucous Membranes.-This drug has a specific and powerful 
action upon these tissues. "Of the affections of the mucous 
membranes, the conjunctivitis, which consists in reddening of the 
conjunctiva and marked increase in the secretion of tears, is often 
developed, according to Ricord, on the second or third day after 
the beginning of the Iodine treatment. Paul Bernard frequently 
saw it develop during the second and third month of treatment. 
"The affections of the mucous membrane of the nose and 
throat-the coryza and angina of lodism-are more common. 
Some authors state that salivation is a rare symptom of lodism, 
while others have never met with it in this connection. It is said 
that it can be distinguished with certainty from Mercurial saliva- 
tion by the salty taste, and by the absence of fetor ex ore, sto- 
matitis, and swelling of the glands. That the last symptom is 
not invariably wanting, is proved by Rose's case, in which the ex- 
treme salivation was accompanied by a mumps-like swelling of 
the glands. 
"The Iodine coryza is characterized by a copious secretion of 
watery mucus, moderate redness, and slight swelling of the nasal 
mucous membrane. In the angina, the patients complain of the 
intense itching in the throat, and not so much of difficulty in swal- 
lowing ; the posterior wall of the pharynx is deeply reddened, and 
somewhat intumescent. The coryza is, as a rule, combined with 
an intense frontal headache. 
"Sartisson has attempted to explain the pathogenesis of the 
affections of the mucous membranes in lodism. He suggests it 
as possible that Potassium Iodide, which is eliminated in the 
saliva and nasal mucus, may be decomposed by the carbonic acid 
and the chlorides in the secretions; the Iodine which is thus set 
free could then act as a direct local irritant on the adjacent mu- 
cous membranes, and produce the coryza, the conjunctivitis, and 
the angina. The recent observations of Binz tend to support the 
theory of the occurrence of such decompositions; but still we IODINE. 
489 
can not at once and unconditionally exclude the other possibility, 
that the disorders in question may originate in anomalies in the 
innervation of the blood-vessels and glands of the mucous mem- 
branes."-Boehm. [To the latter, I believe, we are to attribute the 
action of this drug.] 
Small doses of Iodine of from two to four grains, produce heat 
and constriction of the throat, salivation, nausea, eructation, epi- 
gastric pains, and vomiting of copious bilious matter. 
The action upon the gastro-intestinal mucous membrane may 
be so increased as to produce slimy stools. Joerg and his assist- 
ants took from six to fifteen drops, which gave rise to colic, bor- 
borygmi, hunger, thirst, watery and frothy stools; an increased 
flow of light-colored urine, of nasal mucus and saliva; transient 
malaise; tension of the head, and oppression of the chest. 
Hughes says: "Besides the gastritis and enteritis of its local 
influence, there is a gastric, if not also an enteric, catarrh, occa- 
sionally resulting from small doses, and seen after introduction 
of the drug into the circulation otherwise than by the stomach. 
The lower portions of the respiratory tract exhibit signs of the 
same irritation that we have seen in the upper. In the larynx 
and trachea, we may have hoarseness, aphonia, and chronic in- 
flammation, even simulating laryngeal phthisis; and, while the 
bronchi are slightly and rarely affected, the lungs show the influ- 
ence of the drug by congestive oppression, haemoptysis, and even 
pneumonia." 
Skin.-"The Iodine exanthemata are variable in form, and 
appear in various localities. The form that is most commonly 
met with is an eruption of acne-like nodules on the skin of the 
face, forehead, temples, neck, and upper half of the thorax; more 
rarely this extends also over the abdomen and extremities. 
"Bazin assumes three different forms of Iodine exanthemata. 
The mildest form is the erythematous, which appears in the shape 
of more or less universal urticaria-like knobs. Out of this form 
the second more common papular form is developed. The larger 
papules are surrounded by areolae, which are often confluent, and 
present a deep red color, vanishing for a moment on pressure. 
Finally, a pustular exanthema is developed from the papular 
form; it occurs in scattered spots on the face, thorax, and 
extremities. Occasionally a few of the pustules develop into small 
dermal abscesses. We must, finally, make room here for the 
statement made by Mercier, that Kuess, in Strassburg, has not 
unfrequently met with oedema of the eyelids, the skin of the abdo- 
men and of the forearm, in connection with lodism. IODINE. 
490 
"Iodine exanthemata run their course without fever, and, like 
all the symptoms so far mentioned, vanish spontaneously when 
the remedy is discontinued."-Dr. H. Von Ziemssen. 
Stille says: "In some cases, Iodine affects the skin and even 
the hair, rendering the color darker. More commonly, there is a 
tendency to copious perspiration and to eruptions of urticaria, 
impetigo, prurigo, lichen, eczema, furuncles; and, in some cases, 
ecchymosis or purpura of the inferior extremities has been 
'observed." 
Serous Membranes.-In some cases, Iodine has caused serous 
■effusion into the pleura and peritoneum. In some, there is pain 
over the false ribs, with dyspnoea, cough, and in some cases fever. 
Dr. R. Hughes says: "The action of Iodine on the serous 
membranes has been little utilized in our school; but to it belongs, 
I think, the occasional curative power of Iodide of Potassium in 
hydrocephalus and hydrothorax. To it, also, I am inclined to 
refer the usefulness of Iodine when locally applied, or injected, to 
remove effusions into serous or synovial cavities. It is commonly 
supposed to act here by setting up an adhesive inflammation of 
the walls of the sac. But Dr. Jousset has disproved this hypoth- 
esis in the case of hydrocele, and shown that inflammation is 
not essential, or even favorable, to the curative process. Iodine 
is found in the serous effusions of hydrocele and hydrarthrosis 
when it is taken internally. To apply or inject it, is merely to 
intensify its influence by concentration, and, when the disease is 
local, seems the most rational practice." 
Iodine, placed in contact with serous membranes, produces 
inflammation of varying intensity, arresting the secretion proper 
to the membrane; but, when much concentrated, it excites adhe- 
sive inflammation; hence its utility injected into serous cavities, 
as in hydrocele, etc. 
Its action upon the serous membranes of joints is nicely 
shown by its local application in dropsy of the joints, from rheu- 
matism, gout, or synovitis. Ringer says : "Like blisters, it eases 
the pain, and often removes the fluid distending the cavity of the 
joint. Like blisters, too, it often causes, for a few days, increased 
distention of the joint, the good effects not becoming apparent 
till later. This increase of swelling may be regarded as an indi- 
cation of the success of the application. The tincture or the 
ointment is of the greatest benefit in chilblains. I know of noth- 
ing so effective." IODINE. 
491 
Blood.-Iodine lias a powerful hamatic action. Dr. Hughes 
says: "It can hardly be imagined that so universal an irritant 
of the living matter should circulate in the blood without affect- 
ing its corpuscles. Under the long-continued influence of Iodine, 
the blood and the secretions become thin and watery. It is, like 
Mercury, an anti-plastic." 
Arterial System.-Rose, on the ground of his own observa- 
tions, assumes the pathognomonic effect of poisoning by Iodine to 
be a prolonged arterial spasm, which produces the suppression of 
urine as well as the symptoms of paleness, weakness of the pulse, 
and coldness. Naturally, such a universal contraction of the 
arterial system presents an obstacle to the circulation of the blood, 
which forces the heart to excessive exertion; hence the exceed- 
ingly quick pulse (by irritation of the accelerating fibers). In 
Rose's case, it finally led to paralysis of that organ. The cessa- 
tion of this spasm is followed by excessive reddening of the skin, 
and the relative rise in temperature, phenomena which probably 
led to the erroneous assumption of an Iodine fever. Rose failed to 
find the only true criterion of fever, viz., the rise in the tempera- 
ture of the body."-Ziemssen. 
lodism or Chronic Poisoning.-lodism produces the follow- 
ing effects upon the system: 1. Nervous disturbances. 2. De- 
rangements of digestion. 3. Affections of the mucous coats of 
the eye, nose, and throat, with anomalies of secretion. 4. Affec- 
tions of the skin. 5. Atrophy of the glandular organs. 
Dr. A. Stille says: "The general derangement of the health 
which is sometimes the consequence of taking large doses of 
Iodine (or Iodide of Potassium) for a long time, was early 
described by Coindet, who noted among its phenomena the fol- 
lowing : A frequent pulse, palpitation of the heart, dry cough, 
sleeplessness, rapid emaciation and loss of strength, swelling of 
the legs, trembling of the limbs, nervousness of the movements, 
etc. Subsequent experience enables us to enlarge this catalogue 
considerably, which, however, is only to a small extent, and in 
rare cases, descriptive of the effects of Iodide of Potassium. 
"lodism is most conspicuously manifested in the alimentary 
canal. Digestion is impaired, and the appetite lost; the patient 
complains of an annoying and even a painful sensation in the 
throat and epigastrium, which ultimately becomes a fixed burn- 
ing pain in the latter, and a distressing heat and dryness of the 
former. Watery diarrhoea ensues, with colic and sometimes sali- 492 
IODINE. 
vation,-which, in certain cases, may be attributable to the revival 
of Mercury in the system,-conjunctivitis, coryza, nasal catarrh, 
and emaciation. The opinion has been entertained, that Iodine 
produces emaciation by its stimulation of the absorbent system. 
Hence the loss of flesh usually proceeds faster in children than in 
adults. Graefe, of Berlin, employed Iodine as ' an emaciating 
agent,' with complete success, in a case of polysarcia. Cullerier 
has pointed out, that, if the patient is in poor condition through 
the influence of a disease which Iodine is capable of curing, he 
will increase in flesh with the progress of the cure. He cites 
many cases from his own experience, which illustrate the tend- 
ency of Iodine to produce atrophy of the testicles and the 
mammae, and to diminish the mammary secretion. Other symp- 
toms referable to the nervous system are produced by Iodine; 
such as anxiety, palpitation of the heart, sleeplessness, painful 
dreams, headache, disordered vision and hearing, dullness of 
mind, and general debility. Occasionally there is tremulousness 
of the hands, arms, and legs; and even convulsive attacks have 
been observed. Sir B. Brodie asserts that he has known Iodine to 
cause paralysis. A man under treatment with Iodide of Potas- 
sium for acne indurata, at first experienced a painful burning sen- 
sation in the feet, then a trembling of the limbs, and a feeling 
like intoxication. His movements were irregular and uncertain; 
expression haggard and dull; he became short-sighted; objects 
often appeared double or in rotary motion. By degrees, the mus- 
cles of the lips and cheeks became paralyzed, the gait staggering, 
and the articulation spasmodic or jerking." [The skin and gener- 
ative organs also become greatly affected; which see under their 
appropriate headings.] 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Generalities.-Scrofulous people, with a low, cachectic state 
of the system, profound debility, and general emaciation. 
"There is a remarkable and unaccountable sense of weakness 
and loss of breath in going up stairs."-G. 
"Scrofulous women, with dwindling-away of mammae."-G. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Testicles hypertrophied, with sexual 
excitement. 
Testicles atrophied, with complete impotence; complete loss of 
sexual power is a prominent symptom of Iodine. IODINE. 
493 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Mammae hang down heavily and 
lose their fatness."-G. 
"Acute pain of the mammae, developed by the inflammation of 
the uterus; they are very sore."-G. 
"Great weakness during the menses, particularly when going 
up stairs."-G. 
Induration and hypertrophy of the ovaries and uterus. 
"Long-lasting uterine hemorrhages."-G. 
"Uterine hemorrhage after every stool, with cutting pains in 
the abdomen, loins, and back."-G. 
"Premature and too copious menses, with goiter; dwindling- 
away of the breasts, and great weakness on going up stairs. G. 
"Leucorrhcea, corrosive even of the thighs and linen; woise 
during the menses."-G. 
"Dull, pressing, wedge-like pains, from right ovary toward 
the uterus."-Hg. [And great emaciation.] 
"Dropsical affections of the ovaries, with pressing-down toward 
the uterus."-Hg. 
Respiratory Organs.-Pains in the larynx, with great hoarse- 
ness, or complete aphonia. 
Hoarseness, with constant hemming and hawking. 
"Tightness and constriction about the larynx, with hoarse- 
ness."-Hg. 
Membranous croup in strumous subjects, with dark hair. 
"Dry, croupy cough ; the mucous membrane of the larynx and 
trachea is dry; the mucus secreted is hard and tough."-Dr. 
A. E. Small. 
Membranous croup, with wheezing and sawing respiration: 
dry, barking cough; child grasps the throat with the hand, espe- 
cially children with dark hair and eyes. 
No remedy causes a more violent inflammation of the larynx, 
and with such certainty. I have derived complete satisfaction 
from its use in croup, and acute and chronic laryngitis, where there 
is a great deal of hoarseness; and Baehr says he has more confi- 
dence in Iodine for croup than in any other one remedy. 
Trinks knows of but two kinds of croup, the acute and the 
torpid. lodium is specific to both. He needs no A conite, rarely 
Hepar sulphur, and ascribes the favorable results obtained to 
the continued administration of Iodine in repeated and increased 
doses, if the intensity of the disease is not broken by weaker 
doses. (Internally and by inhalation.) 494 
IODINE. 
Great shortness of breath ; palpitation of the heart, and short- 
ness of breath on going up stairs. 
"Dry morning cough, from tickling in the larynx, and burning 
in the chest."-Hg. 
Tendency to bronchial and pulmonary congestion and hemor- 
rhage, in weak, scrofulous people. 
Cough, with expectoration of large quantities of mucus, tast- 
ing salty or sour. 
A feeling of great weakness in the chest. 
Tightness of respiration; inspiration very difficult. 
The slightest exertion causes great difficulty in breathing. 
"Phthisis pulmonalis, with constant tickling and inclination 
to cough, in the trachea, and under the sternum; expectoration 
of transparent mucus, streaked with blood; morning sweats; 
emaciation; wasting fever; rapid pulse ; diarrhoea, and in females 
amenorrhoea. It appears capable of doing everything but check- 
ing the deposition of fresh tubercles."-Hughes. 
Dr. Jousset says the cough of Iodine is short, like that of Sul- 
phur ; it is oftener loose than dry; accompanied by a thick mucous 
and puriform expectoration, often bloody. Dr. Hirschel says, 
Iodine, Bromine, and Spongia have this in common; that they 
especially cure the affections of the upper part of the respiratory 
organs; that they correspond to a dry cough, if of a catarrhal, 
inflammatory, or organic origin. Iodine is the strongest, but most 
slow, in action, having alone some relations to the bronchi and 
pulmonary tissue. I have frequently witnessed from Iodine 
splendid effects in long-standing laryngeal catarrhs. It allevi- 
ates in tuberculosis; in croup, it is our last anchor, where Spon- 
gia and Bromium fail. It is not an easy matter to select from 
these three remedies ; each maybe indicated ; but the more plastic 
the exudation the more Iodine is indicated. 
Violent palpitation, aggravated from the least exertion. 
Pleuritic effusions. 
Nose.-Dry coryza, becoming fluent in the open air. 
Loss of smell; nose dry and stuffed up, can not breathe 
through it; or painful and swollen, with chronic fetid discharge. 
Digestive Organs.-Tongue heavily coated. 
Salivation, especially after Mercury; gums bleeding and soft. 
"Continual taste of salt in the mouth."-G. 
"Mouth filled with mucus on awaking in the morning."-Hg. 
Ulcers in the mouth; gums red and swollen. 
Inflammation of the throat, with burning pain. IODINE. 
495 
Ulcers in the throat, with induration of the glands of the neck. 
Deglutition impeded from ulceration of the oesophagus. 
Ravenous hunger; can not be satisfied. 
"Continual empty eructations, from morning till evening, as if 
every particle of food was turned into air."-G. 
Violent and continued vomiting, renewed by eating. 
Left hypochondrium hard, and painful on pressure. 
Swelling and hypertrophy of the liver. 
Incarcerated flatulence, with distention of the abdomen. 
"Stools, blackish, watery; brownish; frothy; bloody; whitish 
mucus."-J. B. Bell. 
"Stools of mucus and blood. Suitable only to chronic diar- 
rhoea of an exhausting character, with constant desire for change 
of place, like Arsenicum."-J. B. Bell. 
This great restlessness-can not sit, nor sleep, but must 
change position-is a marked characteristic. 
"Tabes mesenterica, with rapid emaciation, night sweats, 
slow fever, dry laryngeal cough; diarrhoea."-Dr. B. Hughes. 
Stools hard, knotty, and dark colored. 
Kidneys.-Copious and frequent micturition. 
"Urine dark, thick, ammoniacal; dark yellowish-green, acrid; 
milky, with cuticle on its surface."-Hg. 
Bright's disease, with albuminous urine, much emaciation and 
debility. 
Out of breath from the least exercise. 
Head.-Very sad; melancholy mood. 
"Feels constantly as if she had forgotten something."-Hg. 
Cross, with excessive nervous excitability. 
Much confusion of the head; can not bear to work. 
Must keep in motion day and night; brain feels stirred up. 
Headache, worse in w7arm air; motion makes it throb. 
Vertigo, with throbbing headache ; very weak and tremulous ; 
rising aggravates it, and produces faintness. 
Throbbing in head at every motion; worse in warm air. 
Chronic congestive headache, in old people with dark hair and 
eyes. 
Swollen, distressed countenance; face pale yellow; lips blue, 
and the veins much swollen. 
Catarrhal deafness. 
Eyes.-Optical illusions; obscuration of sight, like a veil 
before the eyes; pupils dilated; lids cedematous and swollen. 496 
IODINE. 
"Scrofulous conjunctivitis, with induration of the glands." 
Glands.-Goiter, that is soft (not so useful when hard), with 
swelling and induration of the cervical glands. 
Hypertrophies of all glandular structures, in scrofulous people. 
Skin.-Rough, dry skin, inclined to be brown. 
Dirty, yellow, clammy, moist skin. 
Profuse night sweats, with great emaciation and debility, and 
tendency to take cold, especially in w7arm weather. 
Nodosities, acne, urticaria, and inveterate impetigo scrofulosa. 
Tertiary syphilis, with ulceration of the skin. 
Tendency to small boils and abscesses. 
Fever.-Chill predominates, cold most of the time. 
Flushes of heat alternating with the chill. 
Debilitating, sour sweat, mostly in the mornings. 
Extremities.-Great weariness of the arms and legs from 
excessive debility. 
Much coldness of the hands and feet. 
Acrid, corrosive foot-sweats. 
(Edematous swelling of the feet. 
Much trembling of the limbs, with subsultus tendinum. 
Rachitic children that can not bear warmth. 
All diseases that call for Iodine, as a rule have great emaci- 
ation attending them. 
Chronic rheumatism of joints, and the bad effects of Mercury. 
Aggravation.-From warmth in general; from wrapping up 
the head; can not even bear the hat on. From warm room, or 
any really warm atmosphere. From motion; noise, and at night. 
Amelioration.-From cold air; washing in cold water; after 
eating and after sleep. IPECACUANHA. 
497 
IPECACUANHA. 
(Jephaelis Ipecacuanha. 
Habitat: South America, etc. Tincture of dried root, Class IV. Triturations. 
Antidotes.-Ars., Verat alb. et vir., Tabac., Cupr., Ant. tart., Nux vom., Cinch., Arn. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Ipecacuanha has eight 
special centers of action: 
I. Mucous M. (Lungs, Stom., Intest.) Mucorr.; Catarr. Inflam. 
II. Stomach.(Vagi.) Violent Nausea ancl Vomiting. 
III. Intestinal Canal. Diarrhoea; Catarrhal Inflammation. 
IV. Lungs. Asthma; Catarrhal Inflam.; Copious Mucorrnuea. 
V. Cord.(Motor Tract.) Paresis. 
VI. Skin. Diaphoretic. (Locally.) Pustular Inflammation. 
VII. Circulation. Lessened Blood-Pressure; Haemostatic. 
VIII. Temperature. Lowered. 
Mucous Membranes.-Through the filaments of the pneumo- 
gastric nerve, Ipecacuanha has a specific and profound action 
upon the mucous membrane of the lungs, stomach, and small in- 
testines, producing great increase of mucus, and in large doses 
going on to absolute inflammation of the gastro-intestinal mucous 
membrane. 
Vagi.-The specific action of Ipecacuanha upon the vagi 
demands a careful study by every physician, especially in regard 
to its emetic powers. "The quantity requisite to produce an 
emetic operation can not be definitely stated. In 1874-75, Dr. 
Samuel Pye published a list of nearly three hundred persons to 
whom he had administered Ipecacuanha, together with its dose, 
and the effects produced by it.» 
" The average quantity which he gave was only two grains ; yet 
it generally produced vomiting three or four times, and some- 
times oftener. In about twenty of the cases it occasioned several 
stools besides. On the other hand, it has been given in dysen- 
tery, sixty grains at a dose, without any evacuations whatever 
following. 498 
IPECACUANHA. 
"Cullen taught that the powder, to the quantity of a grain, or 
perhaps less, in many persons, can hardly be given without ex- 
citing nausea and, perhaps, vomiting. Yet, in nine persons out 
of ten, we need hardly depend upon any dose under five grains. 
In small doses, that do not excite vomiting, it pretty certainly 
acts upon the intestines. The laxative action of Ipecacuanha, 
when given in small and repeated doses, can not well be ques- 
tioned ; and, if mixed with purgative medicines, it increases their 
power."-Stille. 
Prof. H. C. Wood says: "When exhibited in small repeated 
doses in man, it produces malaise, with nausea, and, perhaps, an 
increase of the secretions of the salivary glands and of the mucous 
membranes of the bronchial tubes and of the stomach. In large 
amounts, it causes vomiting, accompanied by only a moderate 
amount of nausea but by a decided increase of the secretions. 
The vomiting, even when very large amounts are taken into the 
stomach, is not apt to be severe, nor the prostration marked,- 
no doubt, because the excess of the drug is rejected before absorp- 
tion. In large doses of Emetia, this mildness of action, in all 
probability, would not occur; certainly, animals are readily killed 
by the Alkaloid. That the active principle is absorbed, and that 
the vomiting is so produced, is shown by the experiments of 
Orfila, and Drs. Dyce Duckworth, D'Ornellas, and Pecholier, who 
found that vomiting followed the hypodermic use of Emetia in 
dogs and cats. If it be true, as affirmed by D'Ornellas, that the 
Emetia produces vomiting much more slowly when thrown into 
the veins than when given by the stomach, it would seem that the 
local irritant action of the drug efficiently favors emesis." 
Dr. Hughes says: "I must first speak of the relation of Ipe- 
cacuanha to vomiting. It has long been known as a certain, 
though tardy and mild, emetic. An interesting paper was fur- 
nished to the Medical Observations and Inquiries (vol. vi.), showing 
how small the doses needed to effect this purpose, from two to 
four grains nearly always proving sufficient. Physiological inves- 
tigation has since proved that this action is specific; that is, it is 
set up when the drug is introduced into the system otherwise than 
through the stomach. But it has'also proved that-unlike Tar- 
tar emetic and Apomorphia-Ipecacuanha always, however in- 
troduced, excites vomiting through the stomach. Divide the 
pneumogastricr,, so that their gastric extremities shall not be im- 
pressionable, and no vomiting can be set up by Ipecacuanha, 
while the two other emetics act as usual. This explains why 
Ipecacuanha operates so much more freely and quickly when in- IPECACUANHA. 
499 
troduced into the stomach, than when injected subcutaneously, 
while exactly the opposite is true of the others." 
Poisonous doses of Emetia given to animals, produce catarrhal 
inflammation of the gastro-intestinal canal. 
Dr. Hughes says: "In acute catarrh of the stomach, espe- 
cially in children, it wins the applause of both schools; and, in 
many dyspepsias, depending on chronic catarrh of the same 
organ, it is highly beneficial. Upon the intestines, it acts in the 
same manner. In moderate doses, it causes mucous diarrhoea, 
with much griping, the stools being often green, or greenish yel- 
low; and, when Emetia is injected subcutaneously, the intestines 
are always found inflamed. Correspondingly, it has been used 
largely in the school of Hahnemann in the mucous diarrhoea of 
children, even when inflammatory symptoms appear." In bilious 
dysentery, the old school have no remedy upon which so much 
confidence is placed as upon Ipecacuanha, in large doses, of from 
ten to thirty grains, given until emesis is produced; and then the 
dose is reduced. Most brilliant cures have followed this method; 
and the specific action of the drug tells the Homoeopathist why 
no remedy can quiet tenesmus sooner than this drug given in. 
large doses. Prof. H. C. Wood says: "Clinical experience also 
shows that Ipecacuanha acts upon the digestive tract, whether 
given in large or small doses. It is very apt in man to increase 
and modify the intestinal secretions. It probably influences the 
liver; since Pecholier affirms, that, in animals killed by it, no 
hepatic glucose can be found. Moreover, great advantage from 
its use may be obtained in the condition known as biliousness. 
In bilious dysentery, it will often produce large tarry discharges; 
and I have seen a change in the color of the stools follow its use 
in catarrhal jaundice." Rutherford found Ipecacuanha, when 
mixed with bile and introduced into the duodenum, a powerful 
hepatic stimulant, increasing the secretion of bile. 
Respiratory Organs.-"The post-mortem results obtained in 
animals poisoned with Ipecacuanha are diverse, but affect chiefly 
either the lungs or digestive tract. Pecholier, in his earlier ex- 
periments, found great paleness of the lungs, with intense hyper- 
aemia of the stomach, and the upper half of the intestines ; but, in 
some of his latter experiments, the lungs were profoundly influ- 
enced. Dyce Duckworth especially noted intense hyperaemia of 
the lungs, which were in some places emphysematous, but in 
other portions collapsed and even affected with true consolidation. 
The lesions were much less marked in the intestines than in the 500 
IPECACUANHA. 
lungs, which resembled very closely those taken from the bodies 
of animals killed by sections of the vagi. The pulmonic lesions 
were found to be most intense in the rabbit; the intestinal, in the 
dog, cat, and guinea-pig. D'Ornellas has seen cases where 
ischaemia of the pulmonary tissue was found after death caused 
by Emetia."-Wood. 
Dr. Hughes says: "We come now to the action of Ipecacu- 
anha on the respiratory organs. When these receive it by inhala- 
tion or ingestion, a similar train of phenomena appears. Irrita- 
tion of the mucous membrane is set up,-increased secretion 
going on to catarrhal inflammation. But more marked than this, 
and often out of all proportion to it, is the involvement of the ex- 
tremities of the incident nerves. Continual sneezing, spasmodic 
cough, and especially dyspnoea of an asthmatic kind, are the suffer- 
ings of those who have the misfortune to be susceptible to Ipecac- 
uanha, whenever they are exposed to its emanations. Dr. Imbert- 
Gourbeyre has collected numerous instances of this effect of the 
drug. It is of the contingent order, only appearing on certain per- 
sons. But, with them, it results omni dost. They may be at the 
top of the house while Ipecacuanha is being powdered in the 
basement, yet erelong they will feel the influence of their enemy. 
Sometimes their conjunctiva] and Schneiderian membranes are 
most affected ; the eyes are reddened, smart, and water, and there 
is copious defluxion from the nose, with incessant sneezing. 
More commonly, the influence is felt lower down, in dyspnoea, 
wheezing, and cough, ending in profuse mucous expectoration. 
They suffer like the subjects of hay fever and asthma." 
"Dr. Ringer has lately extended the influence of Ipecac over 
the disorders of respiration, by introducing the Wine into the 
chest in fine spray. By this means he is able greatly to relieve 
and even to cure chronic cases of winter cough, where the bron- 
chial membrane is always engorged, and the incident nerves in 
continual excitement. The success he has obtained should 
encourage us to repeat the experiment, and perhaps to use the 
drug in this form in hay fever and in the asthmatic paroxysm. It 
is the more rational to do so, as we have but feeble evidence of 
the power of Ipecac to cause respiratory troubles through the 
stomach; whereas, when inhaled, it does so, as we have seen, in 
the minutest dose. The spray should be used night and morning, 
and it soon controls the dyspnoea and cough."-Hughes. 
According to D'Ornellas, Pecholier, and Foulkrod, Emetia in 
toxic doses usually kills by arresting the respiration. But, in 
many of Dyce Duckworth's experiments, the death was certainly IPECACUANHA. 
501 
the result of cardiac paralysis, possibly because the poison was 
thrown directly into the circulation. 
Nervous and Muscular Systems.-"Upon the cerebrum, 
Ipecacuanha exerts no perceptible influence; but, as both D'Or- 
nellas and Pecholier have found, that, after death from Emetia 
in the frog, both nerves and muscles retain their susceptibility to 
feeble galvanic currents, the paralysis which the poison produces 
is probably spinal. D'Ornellas and Pecholier are in opposition in 
regard to the action of the Alkaloid upon sensibility, the one 
affirming that it is not, the other that it is, affected."-Dr. H. C. 
Wood. 
Skin.-When Ipecacuanha is locally applied to the skin, or a 
denuded surface, it is found to be a decided irritant, producing an 
eruption described by Dyce Duckworth to be at first small, 
discrete pustules, with a rather large areola. Afterward, if the 
application be persisted in, large pustules appear, followed by 
severe ulceration. It also produces emesis, greatly relaxes the 
skin, and promotes cutaneous transpiration; and Dr. Ringer 
says, it is supposed to be a diaphoretic. Of course, it excites 
sweating when it excites nausea; but, even irrespective of this 
condition, it may perhaps bfe a diaphoretic. 
Circulation.-"Here the action of Ipecac is but feeble, and is 
not yet clearly made out. In a series of elaborate experiments by 
Dr. Dyce Duckworth, the Alkaloid failed to influence materially 
the circulation, at least until very late in the poisoning. The 
pulse rate was not constantly affected; sometimes it was appar- 
ently lowered, sometimes it remained about the same, and some- 
times it was seemingly increased. The effect of toxic doses was, 
however, marked. Immediate suspension of the cardiac action 
followed injection into the jugular vein of a dog; in another case, 
in a minute and a half after half a grain of Emetia, the arterial 
pressure descended from 135 to 20, and in a moment the animal 
was dead from cardiac paralysis. There is no proof that Emetia 
ever causes vaso-motor spasm, while it is certain that toxic 
doses directly paralyze the heart."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Its Hemostatic Action.-This is of great value to the physician. 
Dr. Hughes says: "I have now to speak of the use of Ipecac in 
hemorrhages. Dr. Imbert-Gourbeyre has collected various testi- 
monies to its value here, and has convincingly shown it to be 
homoeopathic in its modus operand! Several authors have seen 
it produce epistaxis and haemoptysis in connection with its 502 
IPECACUANHA. 
respiratory troubles; and, in an observation of asthma caused by 
its emanations, and lasting some days, it is noted that menstrua- 
tion appeared prematurely, and not only the sputa, but also the 
stools and urine, were sometimes tinged with blood. It is now 
forgotten in ordinary practice; but among Homceopathists it 
holds high rank as a remedy in intestinal hemorrhages, in 
haemoptysis, hsematemesis, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia. The 
presence also of blood in the ejecta is always held to strengthen 
the indications for it in vomiting, dysentery, and pertussis." It 
arrests hemorrhages, by stimulating the arterial capillary blood- 
vessels to contract when in such a flaccid condition as to cause 
hemorrhage. 
Temperature.-Pecholier, Dyce Duckworth, and D'Ornellas 
all state, that in Emetia-poisoning there is a distinct fall of tem- 
perature in the mouth, and on the surface of the body, but that 
in the intestines the temperature either remains stationary, or, 
more commonly, rises. D'Ornellas afiims that it always rises 
decidedly. This rise is probably, as D'Ornellas believes, local, 
and due to the action of the poison upon the intestinal tract."- 
Dr. II. C. Wood. [To me it seems to be due to the congestion and 
inflammation of the intestinal mucous membrane.] 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Gastric Affections.-The chief indication for Ipecac in all 
diseases, is found in its persistent nausea and vomiting. 
Violent and long-continued nausea, with vomiting of large 
quantities of tenacious, white, glairy mucus. 
Constant and continued nausea is the great key for Ipecacu- 
anha, in all diseases where it will act beneficially. 
"Stooping causes him to vomit."-Tig. 
"Nausea, with distention of the abdomen, and dryness of the 
throat; after vomiting inclination to sleep."-Tig. 
Nausea, and vomiting of blood. Hsematemesis. 
Feeling of qualmishness, emptiness, and flabbiness about the 
stomach, with profuse flow of watery saliva. 
Flat taste, with white, thickly coated tongue. 
Great accumulation of saliva in the mouth, that obliges him 
to swallow constantly. Nausea as from the stomach. 
Smoking causes vomiting, and the customary tobacco has a 
nauseous taste. Aversion to all food. IPECACUANHA. 
503 
Abdomen.-Flatulent colic, with, griping pains in the umbil- 
ical region as though the > intestines were grasped by the hands, 
with mucous diarrhoea. 
Motion brings on the colic pain from left to right. 
"Clawing griping in the abdomen, as if grasped by a hand so 
that each outstretched finger pressed sharply upon the intestines ; 
relieved by rest; extremely aggravated by the slightest motion."- 
Hah. 
Stools.-Stools of greenish mucus, as if fermented; worse in 
the evening. 
"Green mucous; as green as grass; white mucous; bloody; 
bloody mucous; fermented."-J. B. Bell. 
"Stools poured from him with a gush, as if forced by the wind; 
very offensive, exactly like yeast."-Jahr. 
Stools of blood and mucus, with continual nausea, and great 
tenesmus; or stools like black, fermented, frothy molasses. 
This remedy is only adapted to acute cases, and is of special 
use if caused from eating unripe fruit, and in first commence- 
ment of cholera infantum, with green stools. 
Where the tenesmus in dysentery is great, use Ipecac by injec- 
tions. In acute tropical dysentery, the bold use of large doses of 
from twenty to thirty grains, for a few doses, has saved thou- 
sands of lives by the old school. The purging of blood and 
mucus, the abdominal pain and tenesmus, soon disappear, which 
is often followed by copious perspiration. 
The characteristic stools are mucous and green as grass; often 
bloody. 
Urine.-Scanty, dark red, with red sediment; and, in some 
cases, haematuria. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Metrorrhagia, where it is accom- 
panied with nausea ; uterine hemorrhage. 
"Continued discharge of bright red blood from the womb; 
they commence breathing heavily during the hemorrhage."-Hy. 
Menses too early and too profuse; of great value in uterine 
hemorrhage. 
"Much distress about the navel; but it runs off to the uterus, 
the seat of the disease."-G. 
Respiratory Organs.-Dyspnoea, with wheezing, anxious 
respiration, and great weight about the praecordia ; sighing, quick, 
anxious breathing, with much rattling of mucus. 504 
IPECACUANHA. 
"Suffocation threatens from constriction in the throat and 
chest; worse from the least motion."-Hg. 
"Spasmodic asthma, with great constriction in the throat and 
chest, with which a peculiar kind of wheezing noise is heard."- 
Scott. 
To arrest the paroxysms of asthma, especially in children, 
Ipecac is equal to any drug we have in the Materia Medica, when 
it takes on the bronchitic type, with much wheezing and cough. 
The chest seems full of phlegm, but does not yield to coughing. 
Incessant and moist spasmodic cough with every breath in 
delicate children, and great paleness of the face. 
"Loses breath with the cough; turns pale in the face, and 
stiffens."-Hg. 
"Phlegm rattling in chest; sometimes vomited up in children." 
"Especially suited to the incessant dry cough which some- 
times attacks children of delicate constitution suffering from 
measles."-F. 
Frequently indicated in "the sneezing of hay fever, the viqlent 
expulsive cough of pertussis, the spasmodic forms of croup, and 
cases of half bronchitis and half asthma."-Hughes. 
Loose, rattling cough, with inclination to vomit, and suffoca- 
tion. 
"Suffocating cough, where the child becomes quite stiff and is 
blue in the face."-Hah. 
The Ipecac cough has not an organic base, but is of a simple 
catarrhal origin, mixed up with a neurotic element; loose and 
spasmodic in nature, with a large accumulation of mucus in the 
air-passages ; very apt to vomit after the paroxysm of coughing. 
Haemoptysis, with rattling cough and expectoration of blood, 
with a feeling of constriction in the chest. This is one of the 
most useful remedies in hemorrhages from the lungs. 
Dr. Phillips says: "Ipecac possesses considerable energy as 
an arrester of hemorrhage,-a fact which is the more curious 
because in poisonous doses it has frequently produced haemoptysis 
and other forms of bleeding. The best dose to employ is one just 
short of producing nausea. To produce absolute emesis is to 
run a great risk. In the haemoptysis of early phthisis, Ipecac may 
dispute with Ergot of Rye the reputation of being the most val- 
uable styptic we possess. In the passive hemorrhages from merely 
engorged bronchial mucous membrane, it is equally effective; and, in 
luematemesis and menorrhagia, it competes with Ergot of Rye." 505 
IPECACUANHA. 
Fever.-This is one of the most valuable remedies we have in 
intermittent fever where the gastric symptoms, with nausea and 
vomiting, predominate. 
"Backache; short chill, long fever, mostly heat; with thirst, 
headache, nausea, cough, and sweat last."-Hg. 
"Chill worse in a warm room, or from external heat; lessened 
by drinking and in the open air."-Hg. 
"Heat all over, with alternate coldness and paleness of the face; 
cold sweat on the forehead."-Hg. 
Irregular cases of intermittents wdiere the cerebro-spinal sys- 
tem is the part involved and the pneumogastric nerve is the 
special center affected, with much nausea, and with thirst. 
More chill than fever, and worse during the sweat, which is 
sour. 
Hives of gastric origin. (It has often cured them.) 
Head.-Gastric headache, commencing with nausea and vom- 
iting, worse by motion and stooping; throbbing, bruised headache, 
with pale face ; great irritability and despondency. 
Sudden anger; irascible; restless, with vertigo when walking. 
Epistaxis of bright red blood; face exceedingly pale. 
Aggravation.-Worse after vomiting; lying down; in winter 
and dry weather; catarrhs in moist, warm weather; warm room, 
and at night. 
Amelioration.-By rest, and closing eyes, and at night. 506 
IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
Blue Flag. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh root, Class III. 
Antidotes.-Merc., Phyt., Nux vom. 
Through the abdominal sympathetic and spinal nerves, Iris has six 
special centers of action : 
I. Salivary Glands. Copious Salivation, Without Fetor. 
II. Pancreas. Congestion; Inflammation. 
III. Liver. Congestion; Increased Biliary Secretions. 
IV. Intest. M. Mem. Secretions Greatly Increased; Catharsis. 
V. Vagi. Nausea, Vomiting; Copious Acid Secretions. 
VI. Skin. Vesicular and Pustular Eruption. 
Gastro-Intestinal Mucous Membrane and its Glandular 
Apparatus.-Through the pneumogastric nerve, Iris produces ex- 
cessive acidity of the gastro-intestinal secretions, with violent nausea, 
and vomiting of an intensely sour fluid; and in this acidity centers 
the whole therapeutic range of this drug. Dr. Hale says: "Iris' 
sphere of action includes the gastro-intestinal mucous membrane and 
its glandular apparatus. It alters the secretory functions of these 
glands, changing the secretions to a peculiar acid condition resem- 
bling Pulsatilla, Robinia, Chamomilla, and Calcarea." These 
acid secretions so act upon the intestinal canal as to produce vio- 
lent catharsis, with watery or green mucous stools; but the stools 
are principally copious and watery, and so intensely acid as to 
produce excessive burning distress over all the mucous tract 
these watery stools come in contact with, but principally showing 
itself in the rectum and anus, which burn like fire. This exces- 
sive burning, fiery feeling is also felt in the epigastrium, and is 
caused by inflammation of the- 
Pancreas, with the excessively acid secretions. I poisoned a 
number of dogs and cats with the Iris; and, after death, every 
one of the animals had congestion and inflammation of the pan- 
creas. Sections of the pancreas under the microscope proved the IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
507 
presence of intense congestion of the minute vessels, with rupture 
and extravasation of blood into the tissue of the gland. The 
intense burning in the epigastrium is caused, mainly, by what 
might be called pancreatic salivation, with its excessive acid 
secretions. 
Dr. Hughes says: "Iris has long had a reputation in America 
as a very active emetic and purgative, and as an excitant of the 
salivary and biliary secretions. Our provings, while they agree 
with the description, both enlarge and precisionize it. Enlarge ; 
-for they show that the pancreas is irritated as much as, or more 
than, the salivary glands and liver. This is shown by the con- 
tinual burning felt in this region by Dr. Burt,-who at the same 
time was passing frequent watery evacuations, - and by the 
highly congested state of the organ in animals poisoned by Iris. 
And precisionize; - for they indicate the vomiting and diar- 
rhoea of Iris to be the result of hypersecretion along the alimentary 
tract, and that the morbid condition set up has little tendency to 
run on to inflammation. The vomiting is often acid; and the 
purging is accompanied by severe colic and burning in the rectum. 
With the salivation, there is a thick and fiat, or even greasy, taste 
in the whole mouth, but no fetor." 
Salivary Glands.-Its action upon the salivary glands, pro- 
ducing congestion and copious salivation, is in all respects similar 
to that of Mercury, except that it lacks the great fetor, and the 
destructive ulceration of the mucous membrane, that are so 
prominent in Mercury. 
Liver.-The cholagogue action of Iris and Iridin, was the 
subject of experiment by Rutherford and Vignal, who say: "Five 
grains of Iridin, mixed with a little bile and water, and placed in 
the duodenum, very powerfully stimulate the liver. It is not so 
powerful as large doses (four grains) of Podophyllin; but it is 
more powerful than Euonymin; as is shown by the amount of 
bile secreted per kilogramme of dog; the fractions for the two 
Euonymin experiments being 0.4789. c. c., and 0.4678; whereas, 
in the Iridin experiments, they are 0.537. c. c., and 0.638. c. c. 
The high fraction in the second Iridin experiment probably resulted 
from a much smaller dog getting the same dose as in the first 
experiment, the smaller liver being thereby stimulated to a pro- 
portionately greater amount of work. Iridin is also a decided 
stimulant of the intestinal glands. Judging from these experi- 
ments, its irritant effects on the intestinal mucous membrane 508 
IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
are decidedly less than those of Podophyllum, while the purgative 
effects are greater than in the case of Euonymin." 
Lymphatics.-Iris has a mild action upon this system, but 
not enough to place it in high rank as an anti-scrofulous and 
anti-syphilitic remedy. Those that place confidence m it as a 
curative remedy in syphilis will find themselves very much disap- 
pointed. 
Skin.-On this tissue, it produces vesicular and pustular 
eruptions; and it has been used very successfully in pustular 
eruptions on the head and face (tinea, crusta lactea, eczema, and 
prurigo). The cerate, applied locally, has done good work for me 
in these affections of the scalp. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Head.-The characteristic pains of Iris are of a sharp, cutting 
character, of short duration, and change often. 
For gastric or bilious sick-headache, it has no equal. 
Headache in the forehead and eyes, more on the right side ; with 
distressing nausea, and vomiting of intensely sour or bilious mat- 
ter ; aggravated by rest. 
"Headache accompanied with violent pains over the eye, in 
the supra-orbital region, occurring on either side, but only on one 
side at a time."-Dr. D. C. S. Middleton. 
"A tired, aching form of headache, accompanied with, or pro- 
duced by, mental exhaustion."-Dr. B. W. James. 
"Dull throbbing or shooting in right side of forehead; nausea, 
worse toward evening; from rest; from cold air, or coughing; 
better from moderate motion."-Hg. 
Great despondency; easily vexed; can not fix the mind on 
anything. 
Neuralgia of the head, eyes, and temples; pains cutting in 
nature, of short duration, with acid vomiting; bilious vomiting, or 
vomiting of sweetish water; great despondency. 
No remedy in the Materia Medica is more useful for sick 
headache; and it is especially adapted to the form that begins 
with a blur before the eyes; of a gastric or hepatic origin; pains 
dull, heavy, or shooting, throbbing character, in forehead or 
right temple ; accompanied with nausea, acid vomiting, or vomit- 
ing of bilious matter; aggravated by rest, cold air, or violent 
motion. IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
509 
The headaches of Iris, as a rule, are reflex, proceeding from 
an acid stomach and an acid constitution. 
Mouth.-Salivation, with profuse flow of saliva, after diphthe- 
ria, and enlarged parotids. 
"Gums and tongue feel as though covered with a greasy sub- 
stance."-Lippe. 
Mouth and tongue feel as though they had been scalded. 
Ulcers on the buccal mucous membrane; profuse flow of saliva. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-Loss of taste and appetite. 
Eructations, tasteless or acid. 
Nausea and vomiting of sour food, the whole person smells sour. 
Vomiting of food, or of bile, with burning in stomach. 
Great burning distress in the epigastrium; can hardly endure it. 
Great burning in the epigastrium, at the same time the 
mucous membrane of the mouth burns like fife. 
Burning distress in the stomach and pancreas, with watery 
diarrhoea and great prostration. 
Much inflammation of the pancreas, or pancreatic salivation. 
Violent pains in the bowels, before vomiting or diarrhoea. 
Cutting pains in region of liver (right hypochondrium), worse 
from motion. 
"Colicky pains, intermittent, about the navel, before vomiting 
or diarrhoea."-Hg. 
Watery diarrhoea, worse at night, with great debility. 
Watery diarrhoea, with intense burning of the anus. This burn- 
ing of the rectum and anus is caused from the excessively acid 
stools. 
Cholera morbus, with vomiting; grumbling pains in the bowels, 
and watery diarrhoea, and in children green stools. 
In colic, or, as Dr. Kitchen has it, "grumbling belly-ache," it 
is of great utility; also in acute mucous enteritis. 
"Stools watery ; mixed with mucus ; bloody mucus ; thin, yel- 
low, faecal; greenish; undigested; frequent; corrosive; profuse."- 
J. B. Bell. 
Great burning in the anus as if on fire after stool. 
Urine.-Very high-colored and scanty urine. 
Cppious watery urine in nervous headache. 
Acid urine, excoriating the urethra. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Nocturnal emissions, with amorous 
dreams; coldness and relaxation of the scrotum. 510 
IRIS VERSICOLOR. 
This excitement of the generative organs is reflex from an 
excessively acid stomach. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Pregnancy, with excessively acid 
vomiting, and burning in the stomach, oesophagus, and mouth; 
and, in some cases, copious salivation. 
Skin.-In pustular skin diseases, especially if located upon 
the scalp and face (crusta lactea, and eczema). 
In crusta lactea and tinea capitis, a cerate locally and the atten- 
uations internally have cured many cases. 
"Irregular patches on knees, elbows, and body; edges slightly 
raised; or herpes zoster."-Hg. 
Fever.-Chill, followed by heat; hands and feet cold, with 
sweat over the whole body; chills predominate. 
Limbs.-Sharp, tensive pains in right shoulder, worse on 
motion. Many shooting, shifting pains in the wrists and hands. 
Tensive, momentary, and constantly recurring pains in all the 
joints, but mostly in the smaller. 
"Sciatic pains, as if the left hip-joint were w'renched."-JFcs- 
selhoeft. 
"Pain and lameness extending to the popliteal space."-Wes- 
selhoeft. 
The rheumatic or neuralgic pains of Iris are sharp, coming on 
suddenly and leaving suddenly, like those of Belladonna. 
Aggravation.-In evening and night, from rest and excessive 
motion. 
Amelioration.-Gentle motion, and warmth. JABORANDI. 
511 
JABORANDI. 
Pilocarpus Pinnatus. 
Habitat: South America, etc. Tincture of dried or fresh leaves and root, Class III. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Jaborandi has ten spe- 
?ial centers of action: 
I. Glandular System. Salivation and Copious Perspiration. 
II. Mammae. Galactagogue. 
III. Kidneys. Diminished Urea. Bladder. Contracted. 
IV. Stomach. Gastric Juice Incr'd. Liver. Secret ns Lessened. 
V. Circulation. Excited, with Lessened Blood-Pressure. 
VI. Heart. Inhibitory Nerve Centers Paralyzed. 
VII. Temperature. (J) Elevated; (£) Greatly Depressed. 
VIII. Eyes. Pupil Contracted; Increased Intra-Ocular Pressure. 
IX. Uterus. Slight Uterine Stimulant. 
X. Serous Membranes. Dropsical Effusions. 
Glandular System.-The two most marked physiological 
effects of Jaborandi are sweating and salivation. These effects 
are produced with a promptness and to a degree unequaled by 
any other known drug. Prof. H. C. Wood says: "When an 
infusion of from sixty to ninety grains of Jaborandi is given to an 
adult, in about ten minutes the face and neck become deeply 
flushed, and free perspiration and salivation commence. After a 
hypodermic injection of the Alkaloid, the symptoms commence 
in from two to six minutes. The sweating begins on the face; 
both it and the salivation are excessively profuse, and last from 
three to five hours. There is not rarely nausea, and sometimes 
even vomiting. The pulse is usually more or less quickened, as 
is also frequently the respiration. After the sweating has ceased, 
the patient is left more or less exhausted. The nasal and lachry- 
mal secretions are also very generally increased, and M. Gubler 
has noted diarrhoea. . . . 
"The sweat produced by Jaborandi is often enormous in quan- 
tity (nine to fifteen ounces by estimation). It is stated to be first. 512 
JABORANDI. 
acid, then neutral, and finally often clearly alkaline. In the analy- 
sis of M. Robin, the chlorides were found in excess, the carbonates 
and phosphates in very minute amount, and the urea in more than 
five times its normal proportion, the amount eliminated in the 
sweating being estimated at from ten to fifteen grains. M. M. 
Hardy and Ball believed that in their experiments the average 
amount of urea eliminated by the skin was seventeen grains." 
The abundant perspiration is apparently not due to increased 
afflux of blood to the surface, but rather to a paralysis of the 
inhibitory influence of that portion of the nervous system that 
presides over the sudatory apparatus. "Dr. Fuchsinger (con- 
firmed by Nawrocki) has found that section of the nerves of the 
cat's leg did not prevent the paws from sweating when Jaborandi 
was exhibited. This demonstrates that the action of the drug is 
peripheral, not centric. Five or six days after the section, when 
the peripheral nerve endings had undergone degeneration, Fuch- 
singer found that Jaborandi was unable to excite sweating. This 
can, however, hardly be considered to absolutely prove, as Fuch- 
singer claims, that the drug acts upon the peripheral nerve end- 
ings, and not directly upon the glandular cells themselves; since 
it is possible that these glandular cells shared the anatomical 
changes of the nerve-endings."-Wood. 
Dr. Bartholow says Jaborandi probably affects the end organs 
of the excito-secretory nerves. 
The Muriate of Pilocarpin injected hypodermically, in doses of 
one-fifth of a grain, produces the same effects identically with 
those of Jaborandi taken internally; but the effects of Pilocarpin 
are more promptly produced and much more lasting; and, when 
sweating fails to take place under the operations of Jaborandi, it 
is invariably excited by Pilocarpin; and it is less apt to produce 
vomiting. It has also produced cold on the left side of the body. 
Salivary Glands.-When the patient begins to sweat, his mouth 
begins to water, and the flow of saliva is so rapid and so copious 
that he is unable to speak; and, during the hour or two that the 
secretion lasts, there is often one quart of saliva secreted. Dr. 
FI. C. Wood says: "There appears to be some relation between 
the flow of saliva and that of perspiration produced by Jabo- 
randi ; if the one is very profuse, the other is often, but not 
always, correspondingly scanty. Sometimes the salivation al- 
most replaces the sweating; very frequently it commences before 
the sweating, and often it is more persistent. During the saliva- 
tion, the mouth is warm, and there is often a feeling of tenseness 
about the maxillary glands. The saliva contains an abundance JABORANDI. 
513 
of salts and of ptyaline, as well as a small excess of urea. It is 
stated, however, that the proportion of albuminous compounds, 
and especially of sulphocyanide of potassium, is much dimin- 
ished, the latter, indeed, being almost wanting (Pilicier). The 
free salivary secretion appears to be due to a direct action upon 
the gland or its nerve-peripheries. According to J. N. Langley, 
in the frog, the mouth and skin, after the exhibition of Jabo- 
randi, become covered with a viscid secretion; in the dog, rabbit, 
and cat, there is profuse salivation. The effect upon the salivary 
secretion must be due to a direct influence upon the gland, as it is 
produced equally well after section of all the salivary nerves 
(confirmed by Schwan); also when the drug is injected directly 
into the gland and prevented from entering the general circula- 
tion (Langley). According to the elaborate experiments of Lang- 
ley, very small doses cause in the cat great increase of secretion. 
Stimulation either of the chorda or of the sympathetic nerve 
causes respectively some increase or lessening of the secretion; 
but this increase or lessening is not nearly equal to that which 
occurs in the normal animal, and is due to the action of the 
nerves upon the circulation, and not to any influence of their 
secretory fibers. Very large doses of the drug injected into the 
gland immediately arrest the secretion, and paralyze both chorda 
tympani and sympathetic nerves, so that stimulation of them has 
no effect. It is, probably, from the last fact, that Jaborandi has 
an action upon the gland-cells themselves. 
"Although the evidence just adduced indicates that an influ- 
ence is exerted by Jaborandi upon the gland-cells, the fact that 
Atropia arrests the Jaborandi salivation prevents us from con- 
sidering it settled that the drug does so act upon the salivary 
gland cells rather than upon the peripheral nerves, especially 
since there is reason for believing that the sweating which the 
drug causes is due to an action on the peripheral nerves." 
Mammae.-This remedy greatly promotes the secretion of 
milk, and may be called a true galactagogue. One would think, 
from its causing such profuse discharges from the skin and sali- 
vary glands, that the secretion of milk would be arrested instead 
of increased. Dr. Ringer has used Jaborandi with success to 
increase the secretion of milk; and Dr. Bartholow says he has 
used a fluid extract of this drug successfully in a case of defi- 
ciency in the secretion of milk of a nursing woman. 
Kidneys.-The action of Jaborandi upon these organs is not 
yet understood. M. Gubler states that Jaborandi, given in small 514 
JABORANDI. 
and repeated doses, acts as a diuretic; but usually the urine, I 
believe, is not increased, and the urea is greatly diminished. 
Dr. Ringer says: "In many cases, Jaborandi produces pain, 
often severe, over the pubes, with a distressing, irresistible desire 
to pass water, the pain kt once subsiding on emptying the blad- 
der." As the quantity of urine is not increased, it is probable 
that Jaborandi excites contraction of the bladder. 
Heart and Circulation.-"In the human subject, Jaborandi 
always quickens the pulse, my original assertion on this point 
having been subsequently abundantly confirmed. Strange to 
say, Mr. Langley finds that it slows the heart of warm-blooded 
animals and frogs. As regards frogs, I have repeatedly verified 
this statement. The pulse is increased in man from forty to fifty 
beats, the accelerated rate continuing more than four hours; at 
the same time the pulse is weaker. Jaborandi slows, and at last 
arrests, the heart of frogs, whether injected under the skin or 
applied directly to the heart. The heart stops in wide diastole. 
If, when the heart is greatly slowed, or even stopped, a minute 
quantity of Atropia is directly applied, the heart soon begins to 
beat again, and, ultimately, quite or almost recovers from the 
effect of the Pilocarpin. Mr. Langley's experiments lead him 
to conclude that Jaborandi slows and arrests the heart by stimu- 
lating the same apparatus that Atropia paralyzes, and so quickens 
the heart, namely, the intra-cardiac inhibitory apparatus." - 
Ringer. 
Wood says: "Full doses of Jaborandi paralyze the cardiac in- 
hibitory nerves. The final arrest of the heart, which occurs in 
diastole, is preceded by very irregular action. According to 
Langley, the ventricles always stop first. The fall of arterial 
pressure is probably in part independent of the cardiac slowing, 
as Langley has found that it precedes the latter when the drug is 
very slowly injected. The exact influence of the drug upon the 
vaso-motor system, however, still needs elucidating." 
Bartholow says: "The action of the heart is increased by 
Jaborandi; but the arterial tension is notably diminished. The 
rise in the pulse-rate averages 20 beats; and the duration of this 
effect is about two and a half hours. A very distinct fall of tem- 
perature (0.5° to 2° F.) ensues when the sweating begins, and 
this decline of bodily heat is maintained, on an average, about 
four and a half hours." 
Temperature.-The action of this drug upon the temperature 
is well marked. "M. Robin affirms, that, before and during the JABORANDI. 
515 
early stages of the sweating from Jaborandi, the temperature 
rises 1° to 2° F., but afterward falls as much below the normal 
point, and remains depressed for one or two days. This primary 
rise of temperature has been noted by other observers (Ringer, 
Greene, Scotti, Pilicier and Weber), but is certainly frequently 
absent altogether, or very trifling. The subsequent fall of tem- 
perature seems to be a very constant phenomenon when the 
action of the drug is sufficiently severe; it probably depends in 
great part, or altogether, upon the loss of heat during the sweat- 
ing."- Wood. 
Dr. Ringer also thinks, there is no doubt that the fall in tem- 
perature is due to the perspiration, heat being lost by increased 
evaporation and radiation, more blood being probably sent to the 
skin during the sweating period. 
Digestive Organs.-The profuse salivation has already been 
fully noted. Through a fistula in a dog's stomach, it has been 
noted that Jaborandi greatly increases the secretions of the stom- 
ach, and the biliary secretion appeared to be lessened. Through 
its action upon the vagi, it not unfrequently excites nausea and 
vomiting. This sickness can be accounted for, at least in part, 
from the large quantity of saliva swallowed. Often the vomited 
matter consists solely of saliva. In some few cases, it has pro- 
duced diarrhcea; but, as a rule, the bowrels are not affected by 
Jaborandi; when they are, the stools are copious and watery. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-This drug is a feeble narcotic, 
as shown by stupor. This drowsiness is probably not due to a 
direct action of the remedy on the cerebrum, but to the greatly 
diminished vascular tonus, and to the loss of fluid from the ves- 
sels. It often produces frontal headache, with vertigo. 
Motor System.-"In man, muscular tremblings have been 
observed during the action of Jaborandi; but it is doubtful 
whether they are due to a direct action of the remedy. In the 
frog, there seems to be a very slow loss of reflex activity. On the 
whole, the evidence points to the drug as having very little influ- 
ence over the muscular or motor nervous system."-II. C. Wood. 
Eyes. - The action of Pilocarpin upon the eye is strongly 
marked and of great value to the oculist. "When applied to the 
eye, Pilocarpin produces great contraction of the pupil, tension of 
the accommodative apparatus, and an approximation of the 
nearest and farthest points of distinct vision. Mr. Tweedy states, 516 
JABORANDI. 
that there is impairment of vision, due to benumbing of the ret- 
ina. Galezowski, who uses a solution of one part of Pilocarpia 
salt in fifty parts of water, affirms that it answers as w'ell as a 
solution of Eserina in diseases of the eye, and has the great 
advantage of not producing irritation."-Wood. 
"No characteristic or constant changes in the fundus of the 
eye have been observed on ophthalmoscopic examination. The 
eye resumes its normal state in about an hour and a half." - 
Tweedy. 
The lachrymal secretion is increased, and also that of the 
nasal mucous membrane. 
Dr. M. Lundersberg says: "Pilocarpin has favorably influ- 
enced the absorption of intra-ocular hemorrhages, and opacities 
of the vitreous and aqueous humors, in a more reliable and effect- 
ive manner than any other absorbent remedy known up to the 
present time." 
Scalp.-Dr. Schmitz made hypodermic injections of Pilocar- 
pin in two ophthalmic cases, on account of its power of absorb- 
ing morbid products, and witnessed in both cases a fresh growth 
of young hair in persons who had been bald for years. 
Uterus.-Many physicians believe that Pilocarpin has decided 
abortifacient powers, from several cases of abortion produced in 
pregnant animals by the use of hypodermic injections; but this 
physiological fact has yet to be proved. "The subcutaneous in- 
jection of the Hydrochlorate of Pilocarpin, made during preg- 
nancy, excites the uterus to contract. If the injection be given in 
the first stage of labor, it stimulates uterine contraction. In 
cases of normal labor, where uterine contractions are not strong 
enough, this drug may be given successfully."-London Lancet. 
Lungs.-Through the vagi, the bronchial mucous membrane 
is stimulated to increased secretion. 
Jaborandi does not act on children with the same power that 
it does on adults; consequently they require larger doses. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Chest.-The most useful sphere of Pilocarpin is found in 
dropsical effusions, especially of the pleura and lungs. Many 
cases of local dropsy have been reported cured by this remedy. 
"It is a remedy of great value in cardiac dropsy; its thera- 
peutic power being much the same as the vapor or hot-air bath, by 
promoting free diaphoresis."-Bartholow. JABORANDI. 
517 
"Ascites, hydrothorax and pleuritic effusions have been 
quickly removed by this agent."-Bartholow. 
"In asthma (humid) with profuse expectoration, and in bron- 
chitis with abundant non-purulent expectoration, it has often 
been very beneficial."-Bartholow. 
Pain in the chest of a stitching character. 
Heart's action irregular, intermittent, and increased. 
Urinary Organs. - In renal dropsy, after scarlatina, or 
Bright's disease, Pilocarpia has acted well. 
In diabetes insipidus, Pilocarpia has reduced the secretion of 
urine one-half; and two cases have been reported cured. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Dr. Bidder (in the Medical Times 
and Gazette) has seen most favorable results follow the use of 
Pilocarpin in cases of marked oedema in pregnancy, while pre- 
scribing it for patients suffering from oedema of the face, labia, 
and extremities; he has never seen uterine pains excited by its 
use, although the oedema very rapidly subsided. 
Dr. Sanger has reported three cases of puerperal convulsions 
cured with hypodermic injections of Pilocarpin; but, almost im- 
mediately after the injection, there were symptoms of marked 
suffocation, the patient, in her stupor, being unable to swallow 
the great secretion of saliva. In nursing women, where the secre- 
tion of milk has been very deficient, Dr. Bartholow has used the 
fluid extract with complete success; and Dr. Ringer has used it 
successfully in galactorrhoea. 
Many physicians have used it successfully to stimulate uterine 
contractions. 
From its power of causing flushing of the face and exciting 
the pulse; from the gone feeling in the abdomen and profuse 
sweating and nervous restlessness,-I predict that it will rival 
Lachesis in the flushings of women at the climacteric. 
Skin.-It must prove our sheet-anchor in profuse night 
sweats. Dr. Ringer has cured several cases of unilateral sweat- 
ing, using it hypodermically. 
"Pilocarpia, in doses of one-tenth of a grain, given thrice daily, 
will cure profuse night sweats."-Ringer. 
In secondary syphilis, and ichthyosis, it has acted wrell. Dr. 
Phillips suggests that the lodohydrargyrate of Pilocarpia be used 
in secondary syphilis. 
Prurigo is greatly palliated and often cured by the use of this 
drug if given strong enough to produce copious perspiration. 518 
JABORANDI. 
One-sixth of a grain of Pilocarpin is generally strong enough. In 
many skin diseases, as a palliative to soften up the tissues, it is 
invaluable. Prof. Hebra has great confidence in Pilocarpin in 
skin diseases. 
Scalp.-Prof. Peck cured ten cases of alopecia out of fourteen 
cases. 
I believe, that the hypodermic use of Pilocarpin, in many cases 
•of baldness, will completely restore the hair, from its wonderful 
action upon the skin. 
Digestive Organs.-For salivation from diphtheria, no rem- 
edy known to man can equal it, the profuse flow of saliva being 
dried up in a few hours, almost as rapidly as if the gland was 
a sponge filled with water, and you had used your hand to 
squeeze the water out; and I presume it will do the same for 
Mercurial salivation. 
For mumps, it must prove a specific. 
Loss of appetite, with bitter taste. 
Empty, gone feeling in the bowels. 
Thin, watery, copious diarrhoea, with slight nausea. 
Fever.-In intermittent fever, this remedy is making many 
cures. One-fifth to one-tenth of a grain produces copious perspi- 
ration in a few minutes, and arrests the chill at once. KALI BICHROMICUM. 
519 
KALI BICHROMICUM. 
Bichromate of Potash. 
Chemical preparation. Triturations, Aqueous solution. 
Antidotes.-Vegetable acids. Demulcents, Ars., Lach., Puls.. Hyd. 
Through the organic nervous system, this drug has five special cen- 
ters of action: 
I. Mucous M. Copious Viscid, Ropy Mucorrhoea; Ulceration. 
II. Liver. Congestion; Hypertrophy; Fatty Degeneration. 
III. Kidneys. Tubular Inflammation; Ulceration; Albuminuria. 
IV. Skin. Pustular Inflammation. 
V. Fibrous T., Periosteum. Acute Inflammation; Hypertrophy. 
Mucous Membranes.-This remedy has a powerful and pecu- 
liar effect upon the mucous membranes, affecting more especially 
those portions which are covered with columnar epithelium; 
these are found in the nares (excepting that portion to which 
is distributed the olfactory), larynx, trachea, body of the uterus, 
and Fallopian tubes. It so changes the functions of the mucous 
follicles as to cause them to secrete a tough, viscid, ropy mucus, 
capable of being drawn out into fine threads two or three feet 
long. 
Dr. R. Hughes says: "The auction of Kali bichromicum on the 
mucous membrane is as marked as that of Arsenic or Tartar 
emetic. It causes a morbid increase in the quantity of mucus 
formed, which mucus sometimes is tough and stringy, and some- 
times degenerates into pus. Higher grades of the inflammatory 
process are seen in the respiratory mucous membrane, and (when 
the poison has been swallowed) along the alimentary tract. In 
the former region, false membranes have been formed; in the 
latter, the tendency is toward ulceration. The portions of the 
mucous tracts chiefly affected are the mouth, throat, cardiac por- 
tion of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and rectum; and the 
whole respiratory mucous membrane, including the conjunctiva. 
These toxicological actions are well pictured in the physiological 
provings. The pro vers have sore and injected fauces ; sour eruc- 520 
KALI BICHROMICUM. 
tations, and heartburn; slow digestion; bitter taste; nausea and 
vomiting; with thickly coated tongue; dysenteric purging; 
coryza, hoarseness, and cough. 
"In chronic catarrh and ulceration of the alimentary mucous 
membrane, Kali bichromicum is often our very best medicine. 
The common chronic ulcer of the pharynx rapidly heals under its 
action. I agree also with Drs. Walzke and Russell in rating it 
very highly as a remedy for syphilitic sore throat. It will not, I 
believe, arrest the destructive ulceration sometimes set up (requir- 
ing Mercury or Iodine), but will subdue chronic inflammation and 
heal up superficial ulcers very effectually. Then, it is very useful in 
dyspepsia and vomiting, from chronic gastric catarrh, where the 
tongue has a thick yellowish coat, differing herein from the white 
coat of Antimonium crudum. Mr. Clifton has contributed some 
valuable indications for the medicine here. He agrees with Dr. 
Lippe, that it is especially useful in the dyspepsia of beer-drink- 
ers, and where weight (not pain) is complained of after food. He 
notes, that, under the rough yellow fur of the tongue, the surface 
of the organ is red; and he confirms the general experience of 
alternation of gastric sufferings with rheumatism being character- 
istic of the drug. Kali bichromicum is hardly less useful in 
healing the round ulcer of the stomach, and those of the duo- 
denum resulting from burns; and, in chronic diarrhoea from 
intestinal ulceration, it vies with Mercury, and has effected some 
brilliant cures." 
Air-Passages.-"Still more striking is the power of this remedy 
in affections of the respiratory mucous membrane. In acute 
coryza, and in catarrh of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi, such as 
occurs in influenza, it is often rapidly curative; especially (I 
think) when the digestive mucous membrane is simultaneously 
affected. There is also a large accumulation of evidence tending 
to show that it is a potent remedy for true membranous croup, 
whether diphtheritic or apparently primary. [To me, no known 
remedy equals it for true membranous croup.-] I can not yet 
compare it with Iodine and Bromine here. It is, however, more 
especially in the chronic affections of the respiratory tract that 
Kali bichromicum is efficacious. The great indication for it 
in these is the tough, tenacious, glutinous character of the expec- 
toration, which may often be drawn out in long strings. Dr. 
Meyhoffer esteems it highly in chronic laryngeal catarrh, and 
when bronchitis lingers long in a sub-acute condition. He admin- 
isters it by inhalation as well as internally. It might be useful 
in ulceration of the larynx, syphilitic or simple. KALI BICHROMICUM. 
521 
"The lining membrane of the nose, and its offset to the eyes, is 
therapeutically, as well as physiologically, a special seat of the 
action of Kali bichromicum. It is very good for chronic coryza, 
where the discharge is thick, yellow, and glutinous, and the nose 
tender. Used locally, it has cured polypus narium in many 
instances. It is worthy of trial in ozsena after the same manner. 
The internal use of the drug alone I have never seen curative of 
this disease; though Mr. Lord found it very successful in horses, 
with which it is of frequent occurrence. In acute glanders affect- 
ing horses, Mr. More has found it curative; and the suppurating 
nostrils and pustular skin of the disease plainly indicate it. In 
the sphere of the eyes, Kali bichromicum stands high among the 
remedies for catarrhal and strumous ophthalmia; and its action 
on the fibrous structures has enabled it to cure even rheumatic 
and syphilitic inflammation of the ball. It is especially useful in 
catarrhal rheumatic inflammation of the ball."-Hughes. 
Glandular System.-"The glands chiefly affected by Kali 
bichromicum are the liver and the kidneys. On the liver, its 
action is very marked. Here is a group of symptoms occurring 
in one prover: ' Achings for some days in the right hypochon- 
drium ; scanty, pale, clay-colored stools, sometimes twice a day; 
metallic taste; fetid breath, and confusion of the head.' In ani- 
mals poisoned by it, the liver is found congested, enlarged, 
friable, of a dark reddish-brown color, but presenting on its sur- 
face whitish-yellow spots extending into its substance, of soft 
consistence, and slightly depressed."-Dr. R. Hughes. 
Kidneys.-On the kidneys, this drug has a specific and pro- 
found action, producing intense congestion and inflammation of 
the tubular portion, and complete destruction, so that the tubu- 
lar portion can not be distinguished from the rest, with purulent 
urine, or urine altogether suppressed. It has been of great utility 
in suppression of the urine from Asiatic cholera, and in catarrh 
of the kidneys. Its full physiological action upon the kidneys 
has not yet been fully learned. 
Skill.-Upon the skin, Kali bichromicum causes papules, pus- 
tules, and ulcers. The ulcers have hard bases, with deep, dry 
edges. Dr. Drysdale says: "The resemblance in many respects 
between the action of this medicine and that of the syphilitic 
virus, and also its analogy to Mercury, would lead us to hope 
that we may find in it another remedy for that disease. Though 
we would not place any weight on such a merely superficial 522 
KALI BICHROMICUM. 
resemblance, yet we can not refrain from noticing the likeness 
that the chronic ulcer when healed presents to the indurated 
■chancre. A more correct way of judging of the resemblance is in 
the further development of the constitutional symptoms. We have 
in this remedy the rash on the skin; then the sore throat, which 
has been mistaken for syphilitic; then the periosteal pains; then 
the rheumatism; and, lastly, the diseases of the skin, chiefly of 
the pustular kind, which have the hard, dark scab, and leave the 
depressed cicatrix." Experience has confirmed this hope, in 
affections of the throat, eye, skin, and periosteum. 
Fibrous Tissue.-Upon the fibrous tissue about the joints 
and the periosteum, Kali bichromicum has a marked and power- 
ful influence. It also affects the cartilages, especially that of the 
nose, which it has entirely destroyed. "The fibrous tissues are 
much irritated, as shown by the marked tearing pains experienced 
by the pro vers, especially about the joints. Still more striking is 
the effect upon the periosteum, which manifests not only pain at 
certain spots, but its characteristic hard swellings. These symp- 
toms are observed especially in the parietal, malar, and maxil- 
lary bones, and in the tibia. I see no evidence that Kali bichro- 
micum influences the bones themselves; but its carious effects 
upon the nasal septum show a decided power of destroying the 
cartilages. Dr. Drysdale thus describes what happens to the 
workers in chrome: 'For the first days, there is discharge of 
clear water from the nose, with sneezing; chiefly on going into 
the open air; then soreness and redness of the nose, with sensa- 
tion of a fetid smell. Then they have great pain and tenderness, 
most at the junction of the cartilage, and the septum ulcerates 
quite through, while the nose becomes obstructed by the repeated 
formation of hard, elastic plugs (called by the workmen clinkers). 
Finally, the membrane loses its sensibility and remains dry, 
with the septum gone, and frequently loss of smell for years.' "- 
Hughes. 
"The rheumatoid pains induced by Kali bichromicum are so 
numerous and characteristic, that it can hardly fail to take its 
place as a remedy for rheumatic affections (as rheumatic head- 
ache, lumbago, sciatica, and periostitis). Experience has here 
also confirmed the indications of pathogenesy. It is especially on 
the middle ground between rheumatism and syphilis-in perios- 
teal and syphilitic rheumatism-that Kali bichromicum plays so 
distinguished a part. It will be seen, however, that its action is 
by no means limited to cases such as this. The rheumatism call- KALI BICHROMICUM. 
523 
ing for Kali bichromicum is chronic, and of the 'cold' variety."- 
Dr. R. Hughes. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Kali bichromicum is especially adapted to fat, light-haired 
people, and to scrofulous, catarrhal, and syphilitic diseases. 
Discharges from the nose> mouth, throat, stomach, vagina, 
uterus, or any of the mucous membranes, of a tough, stringy 
mucus, which sticks to the parts and can be drawn out into 
strings three feet long. 
Respiratory Organs.-Cough, with expectoration of tough, 
stringy mucus, which sticks to the throat, mouth, and lips; the 
cough is choking and croupy; worse in the morning; voice rough 
and hoarse. 
In chronic hoarseness in laryngitis, it is one of our most use- 
ful remedies ; loose rattling cough ; complete aphonia. 
In true membranous croup or diphtheritic croup, this is our 
best remedy. 
It is especially useful in chronic bronchitis, with tough, stringy 
expectoration, and burning pain in the trachea and bronchi. It 
is also of great value in acute capillary bronchitis. 
"Chronic bronchitis, chronic laryngitis, and coughs character- 
ized by the presence of thick, tenacious mucus, with dyspnoea 
and difficult expectoration, are often well met by the 3d or 6th 
decimal dilution."-Dr. Bayes. 
"Cough, with dyspnoea, especially in morning, with expectora- 
tion of white mucus 'as tough as pitch,' and which could be 
drawn out into strings."-Drysdale. [In seventy individuals 
in chrome works.] 
"Frequent hawking and expectoration of tenacious, yellowish- 
white mucus, which accumulates in large quantities in the air- 
passages, followed by relief of the hoarseness."-Lackner. 
Morning dyspnoea, with a moist, wheezing, stuffy cough. 
"Dyspnoea ; wheezing and panting; with tightness at bifurca- 
tion of bronchia; as if mucous membrane was thickened."-Hy. 
"Cough, hoarse, metallic ; false membrane formed ; difficult to 
detach, with expectoration of stringy mucus; coughs up casts of 
elastic, fibrinous nature; loud mucous rales; wheezing, rattling 
in sleep."-Dr. A. C. Cawperthwaite. 
"Cough worse undressing; morning on awakening; after eat- 
ing; deep inspiration; better after getting warm in bed."- Hy. 524 
KALI BICHROMICUM. 
"Itching behind the sternum, which caused violent, racking, 
paroxysmal cough."-Dr. H.N. Martin. 
"Membranous croup and diphtheritic croup, invading larynx, 
trachea, and even the bronchi; voice hoarse, uncertain, cough 
hoarse, metallic ; deglutition painful; tonsils red, swollen, covered 
with false membrane difficult to detach, with expectoration of 
tough, stringy mucus ; coughs up casts of elastic, fibrinous nature ; 
loud mucous rales ; wheezing rattling in sleep ; insidious approach ; 
fat, chubby, light-haired children."-Hg. 
Tedious cases of sub-acute and chronic cough, where the large 
bronchi, trachea, larynx, and fauces are involved, with a smooth 
or follicular inflammatory redness of the pharynx and fauces; 
the cough appears loose; but expectoration is very difficult, and 
of a sticky, ropy character. 
Nose.-"Septum narium completely ulcerated away, and the 
whole nasal mucous membrane in a state of purulent inflam- 
mation." [Effects on workmen.] 
The whole nasal mucous membrane dotted with small ulcers, 
and excessive fetor of breath; syphilitic ozaena. 
"Discharge of tough, green masses, or hard plugs."-Hg. 
"Coryza fluent, excoriating nose and lip; nostrils sensitive, 
ulcerated ; round ulcers or scabs on the septum."-Hg. 
"Coryza, with pressure and tightness at the root of the nose; 
worse evenings and in the open air."-Hg. 
"Sneezing, from tickling, as from a hair high up in the nos- 
tril."- Hg. 
"Great dryness of the nose, with a feeling of pressure in nasal 
bone."-Hg. 
" Sensation as if the nose were swollen and stiff; must blow 
out a thick substance, but no discharge; feels as if a heavy 
weight were hanging from it."-Cowperthwaite. 
Caries of the nasal bones, with great fetor of the discharges. 
Perfect loss of smell, in tertiary syphilis. 
Breath excessively fetid; chronic nasal catarrh. 
"For chronic cold in the head, there is no medicine like it."- 
Dr. R. Hughes. [Old atonic catarrh.] 
"Pseudo-membranous lesions of a diphtheritic nature; affect- 
ing the respiratory mucous surfaces, the nares, superior portion 
of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes ; the deposits 
are firm in texture, apt to be developed into casts, which are car- 
tilaginous or pearly in appearance, elastic, fibrinous, and more 
securely attached to the subjacent integument."-Dr. R. Ludlam. KALI BICHROMICUM. 
525 
Digestive Organs.-Tongue coated with a thick yellow felt. 
Tongue smooth, red, and cracked (Bell., Rhus); dry and red; 
ulcerated; mouth very dry; hawking up much tenacious mucus. 
"Tongue broad, or with scalloped edges."-Hg. 
Taste strongly of copper; or bitter; saliva viscid. 
Great dryness of the mouth and lips, must drink water. 
Much saliva that is very viscid, can be drawn out into long 
strings. 
Chronic inflammation and ulceration of the pharynx, espe- 
cially of a syphilitic origin, tertiary stage. 
Chronic catarrhal and strumous inflammation of the fauces, 
with hawking of much thick, tenacious mucus in the morning. 
"Ulcers in the fauces and pharynx, discharging cheesy lumps 
of offensive smell."-Hg. [From syphilis or scrofula.] 
"Posterior wall of the pharynx is dark red, glossy, puffed, 
showing ramifications of pale red vessels."-Hg. 
"Soft palate reddened; uvula relaxed, with sensation of a 
plug in the throat; not relieved by swallowing."-Hg. 
"Burning in the pharynx extending to the stomach; solids 
cause pain when swallowed, and leave a sensation of something 
remaining there."-Hg. [Similar to Lachesis.] 
Loss of appetite; longs for beer and acids. 
Food lies on the stomach like a load; digestion suspended. 
Gastric catarrh with acid vomiting; sudden dyspepsia while 
eating. 
Ulceration of the stomach and duodenum. 
Much swelling of the stomach, can not bear tight clothing. 
"Feeling of coldness in the stomach and bowels."-Hg. 
Aching, stitching pains in the right hypochondrium. 
"Dull pains in the right hypochondrium, especially when lim. 
ited to a small spot, with whitish stools."-Hughes. 
"In chronic intestinal ulceration, it vies with Mercury."- 
Hughes. 
Stools.-Stools of mucus and blood, or pure blood; brown, 
frothy water. 
"Stools, blackish, watery; brownish, frothy, watery; bloody; 
jelly-like; frequent, gushing out like water."-J. B. Bell. 
"Stools in the morning with great urging."-J. B. Bell. 
The great desire for stool awakens the patient in the morning; 
and morning jelly-like stools are most characteristic. 
Urine.-Painful urging to urinate. 526 
KALI BICHROMICUM. 
"Scanty, high-colored urine, with copious white sediment, and 
pain in the back."-Hg. 
Suppression of urine, with much pain in the renal region. 
Scanty urging, with mucous sediment. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Absence of sexual desire, in fleshy 
people. 
"Gleet with stringy, or jelly-like, profuse discharge."-Hg. 
"Chancres ulcerating deeply." [Locally and internally.] 
Chronic prostatitis; prostatic fluid escapes at stool. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Yellow, ropy leucorrhoea, that can 
be drawn out into long strings. 
"Menses too soon"(G.), with headache and vertigo. 
Vulva swollen, the vagina is raw and sore; chronic eczema. 
"Prolapsus uteri, seemingly caused by hot weather."-G. 
Skin.-In pustular diseases of the skin, it will be found of 
great value, used locally and internally. 
Ulcers deep as if cut out with a punch; cicatrix remains 
depressed; papular eruptions on fore-arms. 
"Small pustules on the roots of the nails; spreading over 
hands to wrist; arm red, axillary glands suppurate; small pus- 
tules on the hands secrete a watery fluid when broken; if not 
touched, fluid thickens into a yellow, tough mass."-Hg. 
Skin hot, dry, red, with burning, stinging pains. 
Papular eruptions, especially on the arms; scabs smart and 
burn; worse in hot, better in cold, weather. 
Head.-Listlessness ; great disinclination for mental or bodily 
labor. 
Indifferent; low-spirited, and ill-humor; tertiary syphilis. 
Vertigo and headache, from acid stomach. 
"Blindness followed by violent headache, must lie down ; aver- 
sion to light and noise; sight returns with increasing headache." 
-ZZ/7. 
Rheumatic headache; bones of the head feel sore. 
Vertigo, with nausea from indigestion. 
Eyes.-Conjunctiva inflamed; much secretion of mucus, with 
burning distress in the eye. 
"Indolent ulcers around the cornea; pale ring around the 
cornea."-Hg. 
"It is of special importance in chronic indolent forms of 
inflammation of the eye, particularly of ulcers and pustules KALI BICHROMICUM. 
527 
on the cornea, in which no active inflammation is present, with 
but little redness, and no photophobia, and with but little or 
no pain; the secretion of a stringy character. Rheumatic sclero- 
iritis in a syphilitic subject is reported cured by Dr. Drysdale."- 
Drs. A. and N. 
Generalities.-"Chronic rheumatism of a cold variety."-Dr. 
Hughes. [Bones feel sore and bruised.] 
"Periosteal and syphilitic rheumatism."-Dr. Hughes. 
Bones feel bruised, with cracking in the joints from motion. 
Rheumatism of the limbs, especially in the joints. 
Tearing pains in the tibia, from tertiary syphilis. 
"Pain in the tendons of the muscles of the calf, as if stretched, 
causing lameness."-Hg. [Pains fly rapidly from one part to 
another.] 
All the limbs stiff, with shooting pains, worse in the morning. 
Aggravation.-In the morning; after eating, and from cold. 
Amelioration.-In the evening, and from heat. 528 
KALI BROMIDUM. 
KALI BROMIDUM. 
Bromide of Potassium. 
Chemical Preparation. Trituration and Aqueous Solution. 
Antidotes.-Vegetable Acids, Oleaginous Mixtures, Camph., Zinc., Nux vom. 
Through the nervous system, reaching over into the 
sympathetic, Kali bromidum has eleven special centers of action: 
I. Bromism. Atrophy from Diminished Blood-Supply. 
II. Cerebro-Spinal S. Sensory and Motor Paral.; Ancesthesia. 
III. Heart. Less. Blood-Pressure; Arterial Paral.; Puls. Less. 
IV. Circulation. Vaso-Motor Arterial Capillary Spasms. 
V. Temperature. Greatly Lessened. 
VI. Glandular System. Secretions Diminished. 
VII. Sexual 0. Paralysis, from Diminished Blood-Supply. 
VIII. Mucous Membranes. Ancesthesia, Especially Throat. 
IX. Skin. Ancesthesia; Acne; Pustules; Boils; Papules. 
X. Muscular System. Spasms; Paralysis. 
XI. Kidneys. Congestion; Elimination. 
Bromism, - The prolonged administration of the Bromides, 
especially the Bromide of Potassium, produces a peculiar state of 
the system to which the term Bromism is applied. "This con- 
dition of chronic poisoning differs from the effects of a few me- 
dicinal doses in the extent and intensity, but not in the character, 
of the symptoms. From one to three drachms daily produce ex- 
treme pallor and anaemia, dilated pupils, acne on the face, fore- 
head, and shoulders; a fetid Bromine breath; slow and feeble 
action of the heart; breathlessness, and quickened pulse on slight 
exertion; cool hands and feet, a general subjective sensation of 
coldness ; movements in walking tremulous and uncertain ; dimi- 
nution of the tactile sensibility of both cutaneous and mucous 
surfaces; fauces dry, and the reflex movements sluggish; swal- 
lowing somewhat difficult; antaphrodisia and complete relaxation 
of the genitals; mind weak, manifested in silly conduct and un- 
meaning laughter. KALI BROMIDUM. 
529 
"Various mental symptoms are in some subjects produced by 
the long-continued use of the Bromides. Weakness of mind, 
without perversion of intellect, is a very constant result of the 
continued use of large doses. Headache, confusion of mind, and 
a sort of intoxication had long ago been observed to follow the 
use of Bromide of Potash in even moderate doses (Puche). A 
form of mental derangement, with hallucinations of a melancholic 
character, has been observed by Hammond and others. 
"The pallor and anaemia of Bromism are due to several 
causes; to the diminished action of the heart; slowness of the 
capillary circulation, and consequent interference in the meta- 
morphosis of tissue; derangement of digestion and assimilation 
in consequence of gastric catarrh; and diminished blood supply 
to the cerebro-spinal axis. The disorders of voluntary movement, 
the uncertain gait, the apparent defects of co-ordination, are 
variously explained; but they are doubtless made up of several 
factors, of which the cutaneous anaesthesia is the most influen- 
tial. The Bromides possess the power to destroy or impair the 
irritability of the motor and sensory nerves, and contractility of 
muscle; and to these effects, must be attributed, in part, the dis- 
orders of voluntary movement noted above. 
"It is very obvious that the Bromides depress certain organic 
functions; they diminish the action of the heart, low7er the ani- 
mal temperature, and lessen the blood supply to various organs. 
These results can only be accomplished by a sedative influence 
on the sympathetic system. Some very accurate observers have 
maintained that in this action lies all of the physiological power 
of the Bromides."-Bartholow. 
Nervous System.-"The persistence of voluntary movement 
in the frog after the abolition of reflex action, shows that the 
influence of the drug is not chiefly exerted upon the cerebral cen- 
ters of motor impulse, nor upon those cells of the cord that origi- 
nate movement, but upon either the afferent nerves or those por- 
tions of the cord which transmit the impulse from these nerves to 
the cells presiding immediately over motion. This is confirmed 
by some experiments of Lewisky, in which it was found that pre- 
vious separation of the cord from the cerebrum had no influence 
upon the action of the Bromide. Both he and Purser also found 
that death occurred from small doses before the motor nerve 
trunks and the muscles had lost their irritability. This being so, 
the question arises whether the paralysis be spinal or due to 
paralysis of the peripheral afferent nerves. There is an apparent 530 
KALI BROMIDUM.. 
conflict in the evidence upon this point. Eulenberg and Gutt- 
mann found, that, when access of the poison was prevented to one 
or more limbs by tying the arteries, reflex actions were abolished 
in these parts as rapidly as in others. Similar results have been 
obtained by Lewisky, by Roberts, Bartholow, by Purser, and by 
Laborde. The latter observer has also found that electrical 
stimulation of a nerve high up will cause violent spasms in the 
muscles directly supplied by it, although it may be unable to ex- 
cite the slightest reflex tremor. On the other hand, Damourette 
and Pelvette assert a contrary result. Unfortunately, they do- 
not give the details of their experiments. They state, however, 
that, if the lumbar plexus of vessels be tied before the poisoning, 
the fore feet lose their reflex activity before the hinder. There 
are two possible methods of reconciling their results with those of 
the other observers. In some way, the operation may have inter- 
fered with the circulation in the lower part of the cord, and con- 
sequently the poison have reached more freely the upper part of 
it and acted first upon it. Again, if the injection was, as is very 
probable, thrown into the anterior portion of the body, the poison 
may have reached the anterior extremities in so concentrated a 
form as to have acted, as it were, locally upon their nerves and 
muscles. The same observers, in other portions of their memoirs, 
show the solutions of these salts travel by imbibition; and this 
and their local action seem to me to be the cause of the differ- 
ences of experimental results. It seems well established that cu- 
taneous anaesthesia, in greater or less degree, accompanies the loss 
of reflex activity; for, as Dr. Purser says, a poisoned animal 
quite able to jump submits to pinching, pricking, burning, etc., 
without moving. Eulenberg and Guttmann have noticed the same 
thing in rabbits. Damourette and Pelvette have noticed a con- 
dition in which electrical stimulation of a nerve-trunk produced 
marked reflex action, although no excitement of the skin supplied 
by the afferent fibers of the nerve was capable of doing this, 
showing that the extremities of the sensitive nerves are affected 
before the trunks. The evidence is, I think, sufficient to prove 
that Bromide of Potassium affects all the parts of the nervous 
system of the lower animals, but that the cerebrum, the motor 
tract of the cord, and the efferent nerves are the last portions to 
be affected; that the most sensitive to its action is the receptive 
portion of the cord,-that which receives and transmits reflex im- 
pulses,-and next to this, and, perhaps, almost equally suscepti- 
ble with it, are the peripheral ends of the efferent nerves. Upon 
the cerebrum of the higher animals, the Bromides undoubtedly KALI BROMIDUM. 
531 
exert an influence; but I am not cognizant of any researches suf- 
ficiently elaborate to show its extent or nature. Upon man the 
Bromide evidently acts as upon the lower animals; affecting to a 
greater extent his cerebrum because of its higher development, 
but lowering, also, the reflex excitability of his spinal cord, para- 
lyzing the ends of his peripheral nerves, and otherwise affecting 
him in the same order and degree as the lower animals."-II. C. 
Wood, M. D. 
"It paralyzes the nerves of the spinal cord."-Pletzer. 
"It diminishes the reflex excitability of the nervous centers." 
-B. Sequard. 
The sensory nerves lose their properties before the motor, the 
latter are affected before the spinal cord, and the spinal cord be- 
fore the muscles. It appears that it is not a direct poison to the 
nerves, but acts on them by and through the blood-vessels. 
Circulation.-It is now a well-established fact, "that large 
doses of the Bromide exert a direct paralyzing action on the heart, 
lessening both the force and frequency of the beat, and finally 
causing diastolic arrest. Dr. J. G. Schoulen found, that, during 
the slow injection of a two-per-cent solution into the vena cava of a 
rabbit, the cardiac systole grew slower, the diastole pauses longer, 
and finally the heart stood still, exhibiting only fibrillary con- 
tractions of its walls. The same observer is, so far as I know, 
the only one who has made manometrical studies of the action of 
small doses of the drug. He found that such amounts of the 
Bromide administered hypodermically or by the stomach, always 
produced increased pulse-frequency, with lessened arterial pres- 
sure. His experiments were, however, not carried far enough to 
demonstrate either how these two changes are brought about, or 
the relations of the drug to the vaso-motor nerves. Much has 
been predicated upon the theory which asserts that Bromide of 
Potassium causes vaso-motor spasm. No decisive proofs have, 
however, yet been offered of the truth of this favorite dogma. 
The evidence so far brought forward is as follows. Lewisky 
found, that, if the toes of two frogs-one poisoned, the other not 
-were cut off, the unpoisoned frog bled much more freely than 
the other. This experiment has been confirmed by Dr. Amory. 
It, however, evidently does not prove the existence of vaso-motor 
spasm, but only that of a lessened activity of the circulation, 
which may be of cardiac origin. 
"According to Damourette, when the inter-digital membrane 
of the frog is watched during poisoning, there is seen at first very 532 
KALI BROMIDUM. 
often an exceedingly brief period of increased circulation; but in 
a very short time the latter becomes much slower. Dr. Meuriot 
asserts that by the aid of the microscope this slowing of the circu- 
lation can readily be seen to be due to a contraction of the capil- 
laries, and especially of the small arteries, whose lumen may even 
be obliterated. Dr. Saisson also asserts that he has witnessed a 
similar phenomenon in the tongue of the frog; and Drs. Ham- 
mond and Amory state that they have seen it in the brain of the 
dog. On the other hand, Dr. Purser and Dr. F. B. Nunneley 
assert that the vessels in the frog's web are not affected by Bro- 
mide of Potassium given hypodermically. 
"My own studies of the actions of various poisons upon the 
vessels of the frog's web have yielded such varying and unsatis- 
factory results as to make me hesitate in accepting evidence of 
this nature unless otherwise corroborated. In the absence of 
manometrical studies, I think the most that can be fairly claimed 
is that our present knowledge renders it somewhat probable that 
the Bromide of Potassium is capable of producing vaso-motor 
spasm. The further deduction that the nervous symptoms 
induced are secondary to and produced by this spasm is wholly 
gratuitous, unproven, and improbable. The action of the Bro- 
mide when applied locally to the bared nerve demonstrates that it 
acts directly upon nerve-tissue. Further, the absolute anaemia 
of the bloodless 'salt frog' produces no such nervous symptoms 
as does even a non-toxic dose of the Bromide; and the direct ex- 
periments of Dr. A. Neil have shown that in the frog the com- 
plete abolition of circulation, has no effect upon the spinal 
marrow or upon reflex actions during the first half-hour. The 
proof is very strong that the drug acts directly upon the nervous 
tissue."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Dr. Pelvet says : "The minute blood-vessels contract immedi- 
ately in the region of injection, and later throughout the organ- 
ism ; and this contraction is succeeded by dilatation." 
"It lessens the amount of blood circulating within the 
cranium, and produces a shrinking of the brain from this cause." 
-Hammond. 
"It appears from the above experiments, that the primary 
affect of the Bromide of Potassium is to cause contraction of the 
blood-vessels everywhere, not only in the brain, but throughout 
the whole organism, and that this contraction is followed by dila- 
tation. 
"To this primary action is due its power to prevent certain 
kinds of spasms, pain, epilepsy, etc., and to cause sleep. KALI BROMIDUM. 
533 
"The secondary effect of this drug, however, is equally impor- 
tant ; namely, the dilatation following the contraction. What is 
the result of this secondary action ? According to Brown-Sequard, 
when the blood-vessels of the spinal cord and brain have been 
unduly contracted, the muscular fibers of the blood-vessels are 
soon exhausted, and become paralyzed, allowing a considerable 
degree of congestion to take place; sensibility and the reflex fac- 
ulty become morbidly increased, and convulsions occur. 
"From these facts and deductions, it appears that the Bromide of 
Potassium is homoeopathic to all the morbid conditions and symptoms 
in which it has been found useful by the Allopathic school."-Dr. E. 
M. Hale. 
Temperature.-"In warm-blooded animals, toxic doses of 
the Bromide of Potassium lower very decidedly the temperature. 
Although the point can not be considered settled, it is probable 
that this lowering of temperature is due to a direct checking of 
the tissue-changes. Dr. J. H. Bill has found a constant decrease 
in the amount of carbonic acid eliminated after the ingestion of 
the salt. In his experiments, the daily excretion of urea was not 
perceptibly affected. But Drs. Rabuteau and Bartholow found it 
slightly lessened."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
"Very obvious effects on the action of the heart, on the respir- 
ation, and on the animal temperature, are produced by the 
Bromides if administered in considerable quantity. These func- 
tions are depressed, but the depression is much less evident as to 
temperature; hence, in order to determine this result, most care- 
ful observations are necessary. The author has ascertained that 
two drachms of the Bromide of Potassium will lower the temper- 
ature in a healthy adult from one-fifth to one-half a degree; the 
respirations from two to five, and the pulse from ten to twenty 
beats per minute. These effects are more pronounced in animals, 
as ascertained by the administration of lethal doses. In man, 
the number of the cardiac pulsations is not only reduced, but 
their force is diminished, and the tension of the arterial system 
is lowered."-Bartholow. 
Glandular System.-"The secretions of the glands are 
diminished in proportion to the contraction of their blood-ves- 
sels."-Pelvet. 
If the primary effect of this drug is to cause contraction of the 
blood-vessels supplying the glands, the secondary effect must 
be dilatation with congestion. It is a general rule that conges- 
tion diminishes the secretion of a gland. 534 
KALI BROMIDUM. 
"Excessive action in a gland diminishes secretion."-Head- 
land. 
I 
Sexual Organs.-This drug has a specific and profound action 
upon the sexual organs of both male and female. Men of vigor- 
ous constitution, accustomed to daily erections of the penis, 
found that they ceased while taking the medicine, and for several 
days after it had been discontinued. 
"A very notable effect of the Bromides-chiefly Bromide of 
Potassium-is the diminution of the sexual feeling and of the 
power of erections produced by it. This fact has been established 
by abundant clinical evidence. This result is not, however, pro- 
duced with equal facility in all cases, and considerable doses are 
necessary in any case (fifteen to twenty grains three times a 
day)."-Bartholow. [It not only lowers animal desire, but pro- 
duces a feeling of disgust for all sexual ideas.] 
"In certain neuroses of the genito-urinary organs, male and 
female, excellent results have been obtained by the use of the 
Bromide of Potassium. Abnormal sexual excitement and nocturnal 
seminal emissions may be checked by this remedy. The condition 
of plethora is the indication for the Bromide. When the sexual 
organs are much relaxed, the erections feeble, and the seminal 
fluid watery, especially if there be such a constant stillicidium of 
semen as to constitute the so-called diurnal losses, this drug does 
harm. [Don't give such large doses, then it will do great good.] 
The more nearly nocturnal emissions approach the physiological 
type, the more effective the Bromides. As they act by diminish- 
ing the blood supply to the erectile organs, it is obvious that they 
are contra-indicated when there is debility, and the erections are 
feeble. They prove completely successful when the erections are 
normal as to character, but teasing and persistent. The various 
nervous disturbances growing out of unsatisfied sexual desire are 
quieted by these agents. Menorrhagia dependent on ovarian irri- 
tation, is usually promptly arrested by these agents; and some- 
times metrorrhagia, even when due to a fibroid, is improved by 
this drug."-Bartholow. 
The sense of fullness in the head and the painful flushes of the 
face at the climacteric are often cured with this drug; and it is 
useful in obstinate vomiting in pregnancy, ovarian neuralgia, 
and sub-involution of the uterus. 
Mucous Membranes.-The effect of the Bromides upon the 
mucous membrane is to lower the sensibility to tactile impres- kali bromidum. 
535 
sions, at all accessible points of this tissue, affecting especially 
the velum palati, uvula, and upper portion of the pharynx. The 
anaesthesia is so complete that these parts may be tickled with- 
out producing nausea or involuntary movements of deglutition. 
This action greatly facilitates the use of the laryngoscope in oper- 
ating on the throat. It also produces gastric catarrh, but has but 
little effect upon the digestive organs. A very large dose has 
produced a slight diarrhoea. 
Skin.-Upon the skin, it produces papules, pustules, and 
ulcers; and the sensibility to tactile impressions is greatly 
lowered, the palms of the hands and soles of the feet being par- 
ticularly affected. 
"The action of Bromide of Potassa on the skin is quite decided 
and specific. It seems to cause, invariably, after it has been 
taken some time in large doses, (a) an eruption of small boils, in 
successive crops, chiefly over the face and trunk, with trouble- 
some itching; (ft) a papular rash on the face, with heat and itch- 
ing ; (c) acne, chiefly on the face, scalp, and shoulders, not very 
painful, varying in size from a millet seed to a large pea; (d) 
pustular eruptions of malignant aspect, much resembling vario- 
loid ; (<?) corroding ulcers. Nursing children have had the charac- 
teristic acne, from the taking of the Bromide by the mother, 
showing that it is taken up into the milk."-Dr. E. M. Hale. 
Brown-Sequard thinks that the cropping-out of an acne-like 
eruption on the face, neck, shoulders, etc., is an evidence that the 
Bromide is proving curative, and asserts that there is a positive 
relation between the intensity of the eruption and the efficiency of 
the remedy against epilepsy; and Voisin says the abolition of 
reflex nausea,-ascertained by passing a spoon as far back as the 
epiglottis, without causing attempts at vomiting,-hypnotic 
manifestations, general lassitude, and its antaphrodisiac action, 
are indications of the successful action of the remedy. 
Muscular System.-"Motility is impaired by the long-con- 
tinued use of the Bromides in man ; and in animals paralysis of 
the muscles ensues. If injected into the tissues of a limb, paraly- 
sis of motion and sensibility begins in that member. In man, 
the impaired motility is probably due to other factors as well as 
to the action of the Bromides on the muscular tissue ; viz., to the 
cutaneous anaesthesia, and to anaemia of the co-ordinating centers, 
in consequence of which their functional power is lowered."- 
Bartholow. 536 
KALI BROMIDUM. 
"It is not a poison of any special tissues or system. It kills 
all nerves and muscles; and it may therefore be defined as a gen- 
eral nervo-muscular poison. It affects the sensory and motor 
nerves and spinal cord before the muscles."-Martin, Damourette, 
and Pelvet. 
"The weakness and final paralysis of the muscular system is 
due to the contraction of the blood-vessels, and consequent weak- 
ness and paralysis of the nerves. The secondary cramps, twitch- 
ings, contractions, and spasms of the muscles, are due to the 
dilatation of the blood-vessels."-Hale. 
Elimination.-The elimination of this drug takes place 
through the mucous membranes, chiefly by the kidneys; next to 
the kidneys, through the mucous membrane of the fauces; then 
the intestinal tract, bronchi, and slightly through the skin. 
"When the blood is charged with the Bromide, the salt probably 
escapes with all the secretions. It has been found by Voisin, 
Amory, Namias, Bill, etc., in the saliva and the urine. Amory 
has also demonstrated its presence in the perspiration. In the 
body of a man who died while taking it, M. Namias found it in 
all the liquids, as well as in the brain, liver, spinal cord, lungs, 
etc. Elimination takes place to a certain extent through the 
skin, and to some extent through the intestinal mucous mem- 
brane. Dr. Bill always detected it in marked quantities in the 
faeces of men taking it; and H. Quincke found, that, when forty 
grains of the Bromide of Sodium were given to dogs with intesti- 
nal fistula, two and a half hours afterward the intestinal juices 
were free from the Bromides, which reappeared in them after from 
three to six hours. The salt escapes also through the kidneys. 
The rapidity of elimination seems to vary. Thus, Amory recov- 
ered one-half of the amount ingested during the first, and one- 
third during the second, twenty-four hours, and Mr. Ware 
obtained a little more than half of the amount ingested in the 
urine of the succeeding thirty-two hours, while Bill was not able 
to get more than one-eighteenth of it during the first day. Dr. 
Bill has frequently found the Bromides in the urine two weeks 
after the last dose had been exhibited; and Dr. Rabuteau has 
seen its presence persist under similar circumstances for a 
month."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
The Bromides Compared.-Bartholow's experiments on ani- 
mals have demonstrated that the Bromide of Potassium possesses 
the most toxic power, and the Bromide of Sodium the least. 
The Bromide of Lithium is first, the Bromide of Sodium second. KALI BROMIDUM. 
537 
and the Bromide of Potassium third, in hypnotic power. As 
respects the influence of these agents severally on the reflex fac- 
ulty of the spinal cord, it may be stated that none of them pos- 
sess the power to abolish the reflex faculty except when adminis- 
tered in lethal doses. Considered from this point of view, the 
Bromides may be grouped as follows: Bromide of Ammonium, 
Bromide of Potassium, Bromide of Lithium, and Bromide of 
Sodium. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Head and Mind.-Profound melancholy, from anaemia. 
Loss of memory, forgets how to talk, absent-mindedness. 
Great despondency, with insanity, a feeling of moral defi- 
ciency, or a religious delusion, from anaemia. 
Delirium tremens, in the first or irritative stage; face flushed; 
eyes red; delirium active; horrid illusions, hard, quick pulse, 
(five to twenty grains once in two hours). 
Remarkably depressed, with well-marked amnesic aphasia. 
The memory absolutely destroyed, from anaemia and emacia- 
tion. 
Somnambulism, and night terrors of children. 
"Frightful imaginings in pregnant women, from congestion of 
the brain."-Dr Hale. 
"Puerperal mania, when attended by ferocious or erotic delir- 
ium, is often cured by free doses of this drug."-Dr. Hale. 
"Profound, and yet disturbed, sleep, always awakens with a 
mental struggle, 'not knowing at first where I was, or what had 
become of me.' 
"Great difficulty in getting and keeping the right word, 
although the right idea is present to the mind. [This is caused 
from anaemia of the frontal lobe of the brain.] 
"Epilepsy from cerebral congestion, with vascular fullness of 
the retina, as shown by the ophthalmoscope, is cured with the 
Bromide of Potassium; but, if there is anaemia of the brain, the 
Bromide aggravates."-Dr. R. C. Vance.. 
"No therapeutical fact is better established than the influence 
of Bromide of Potassium over epilepsy and epileptiform convul- 
sions. It has been well ascertained that Bromide of Potassium 
is most valuable in those cases of epilepsy characterized by fre- 
quent and violent convulsive seizures. Epileptiform attacks, 
dependent on the presence of a tumor or other coarse organic 
lesion of the brain, are usually suspended by the use of this drug, 538 
KALI BROMIDUM. 
although the neoplasm is unaffected in its growth. It is a curious 
circumstance that attacks nocturnal exclusively, are less amen- 
able to the Bromide treatment than those which occur in the 
■day-time. Petit mal, or epileptoid seizures, are as a rule not so 
much benefited as are cases of the grand mal; and hysterical con- 
vulsions are rarely improved by Bromides."-Dr. 11. Bartholow. 
In reflex cerebral irritation, with active congestion in children 
during teething, cholera infantum, or scarlet fever, it is almost a 
specific. (First stage of Hydrocephaloid from cholera infantum.) 
Migraine, with flushed face, throbbing temples, injected con- 
junctiva, photophobia, and much congestion of the brain. 
Tetanus.-Of all known remedies this is the best for tetanus. 
H. C. Wood gives fifteen cases in which the Bromide cured thir- 
teen. No results equal to this have been achieved by any other 
agent, not even by Calabar bean; but, to succeed, it must be given 
in large doses (one drachm) every three or four hours. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Excessive sexual desire, amorous 
dreams, erections, and nocturnal emissions. This is a precious 
remedy in spermatorrhoea, before the paralytic symptoms have set 
in ; the erections are normal but teasing and persistent, with noc- 
turnal emissions and the nervous disturbances growing out of 
unsatisfied sexual desire; but it must be given in from five to fif- 
teen grains at a dose three times a day, to subdue the condition 
of plethora. Added to this, the testicles should be suspended in 
cold water some minutes, morning and night, with cold sponging. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Ovarian neuralgia from nervous 
unrest which grows out of ungratified sexual desire. 
In menorrhagia from ovarian irritation caused by strong sex- 
ual desire; it acts with great promptness. 
Excessive sexual desire during the menses. 
Scanty menstruation, in fleshy women. 
Induration and enlargement of the womb. Sub-involution. 
"Menstrual ailments, before the menses; headache; during 
the menses, epileptic spasms, nymphomania, itching, burning, 
and excitement of the vulva, pudenda, and clitoris; after the 
menses, headache, insomnia, and heat in the genitals."-Hale. 
"In pruritus of the vulva from irritation of the uterus or ova- 
ries, or any hyperaesthesia of the veins of that locality, no remedy 
ican equal the Bromide of Potash."-Hale. 
In vaginismus, it has acted favorably. KALI BROMIDUM. 
539 
In large doses it has cured ovarian cysts after tapping. Two 
cases are recorded by Dr. Black in the British Journal of Homoe- 
opathy. 
For morning sickness, use large doses injected per rectum. 
Climacteric, with painful flushings of the face, and much con- 
gestion of blood to the head; palpitation of the heart. 
Sub-involution of the uterus has often been cured by this rem- 
edy ; and it has appeared to cure some cases of fibrous tumors of 
the uterus. 
Digestive Organs.-"Complete anaesthesia of the throat, so 
that the finger may be carried to the base of the tongue, touch 
the amygdala or posterior nares, and tickle the uvula, without 
inducing any effort at vomiting or deglutition. Of much use 
in laryngoscopy."-Hale. 
"In nausea and vomiting of drunkards and pregnant women, 
it often acts magically."-Hale. 
"Asiatic cholera. In the first stage, it arrests the vomiting; 
cramps, and rice-water stools; restores the secretion of urine; 
and the warmth and color return to the cold, livid skin."- 
Dr. Begbie. 
Cholera infantum, with reflex cerebral irritation of the brain, 
before effusion. 
Flatulent colic in children and hysterical women. 
"Polypoid tumors of the rectum."-Helmuth. 
"It has relieved spasms of the sphincter ani."-Hale. 
Constipation; stools very dry, hard, and infrequent. 
Respiratory Organs.-It has acted finely in whooping-cough, 
with spasmodic, dry cough; also in the nervous, dry, hysterical 
cough of women, especially if pregnant. 
"Spasmodic, dry croup, occurring suddenly in the night; from 
reflex irritation, teething, worms, and not catarrhal."-Hale. 
Laryngismus stridulus, from neurosis or reflex irritation. 
Cough that is dry, due to reflex action from stomach, intestines, 
or uterus. 
Torpid bronchitis, with copious purulent expectoration. 
In spasmodic asthma, with dry, nervous, spasmodic cough, it 
has acted well, if there is great tightness of breathing. 
Cardiac neuroses from spinal or uterine irritation. 
When given in the crude form, it is best to give it in beer 
or milk. 
Skin.-It is very valuable in long-lasting scrofulous ulcer- 
ations, given in the crude form. 540 
KALI CARBONICUM. 
Large, indolent, painful pustules; boils. 
Acne of the face in young fleshy people of gross habits. 
Pustular ulcerations, and small boils. 
Especially adapted to large, fleshy people, and to diseased 
organs that are in a hypertrophic condition. Acts better in chil- 
dren than in adults. 
Aggravation.-In the evening. 
KALI carbonicum. 
Carbonate of Potash. 
Chemical preparation, Aqueous solution, one part to nine. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Coff., Zinc., Op., Demulcent drinks. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Kali carbonicum has 
four special centers of action: 
I. Mucous Membranes. Congestion. 
II. Serous Membranes. Diminished Secretions; Rheumatism. 
III. Generative Organs, Female. Ovarian Atony. 
IV. Blood. Fibrine Increased; Rheumatoid Affections. 
Mucous Membranes.-Carbonate of Potash acts upon the 
mucous membranes of the respiratory organs, and the digestive 
tract, producing excessive irritation, bordering on inflammation, 
but hardly reaching that point. Upon the mucous membrane of 
the kidneys, it acts as a diuretic, changing the urine to alkaline. 
Serous Membranes.-It causes an extremely dry condition of 
the serous membranes, including the myolemma of the muscles, 
from which we get sharp, stitching pains, the greatest "key-note" 
of Kali carbonicum. 
Blood.-Increased amount of fibrine in the blood, and a state 
similar to rheumatism. 
Ovario-Uterine System.-Here it produces suppression or 
delay of the menses, or menorrhagia, with cutting pains in the 
abdomen and much aching of the small of the back. KALI CARBONICUM. 
541 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Distressing, darting, sticking, shooting pains are the great 
characteristic of this drug. Rheumatoid affections. 
"Stitching in the right side, commencing in the back, and 
going through the chest, which is worse at night, when lying 
down or rising."-H. N. Martin, M. D. 
"Stitching pains in the liver, worse in the cold air."-Dr. H. 
N. Martin. 
"Stinging pains in the joints and inner parts."-Lippe. 
All the symptoms get regularly worse about 8 a. m. 
Adapted to aged people, inclined to be fleshy. 
Head.-"Great aversion to being alone."-G. 
"Great dryness of the hair."-G. [Scalp very dry.] 
"Dry hair rapidly falling off, and much dandruff."-F. 
"He talks of pigeons flying in the room, which he tries to 
catch with his hand."-G. 
Anxiety with fear, very easily frightened, full of fears. 
Irritable, peevish, very passionate, like a Nux vomica patient. 
Quick motion produces vertigo ; very irritable and anxious. 
Pressive headache in forehead, extending to eyes and nose. 
Stitches in the temples ; worse stooping; moving head or eyes ; 
relieved from rest and head ; pressive headache. 
"Swelling over the upper eyelid, in the morning, looking like a 
little bag."-J. B. Bell. [Very characteristic.] 
"A constant sensation in the head as though something were 
loose."-Hah. 
Eyes.-"Redness of the white of the eye, with many vessels 
in it."-Hah. 
"Burning, biting pains in the eye, with stitches in the eyeball, 
and inflammation of the lids of the right eye, with pain and ina- 
bility to read."-Hg. 
Agglutination of the lids in the morning. 
Lachrymation and photophobia; bright spots before the eyes. 
Nose.-"In ulceration of the nostril, Kali carbonicum has 
proved curative in my hands in 2d and 3d dilutions."-IF. Bayes. 
Nose swollen and red; nostrils sore and scurfy; stoppage of 
the nose, with frequent bleeding. 
Pale, sickly color of the face, with much debility. 
Digestive Organs.-Whenever he eats has toothache. 
Foul, slimy taste, with painful, burning vesicles on the tongue. 542 
KALI CARBONICUM. 
Mucus very tenacious in pharynx, difficulty in swallowing; 
pain in the pharynx, as if a fish-bone were there. 
Deglutition very difficult, with efforts to vomit. 
Stomach.-Eructations of food and acid water; pit of stom- 
ach swollen. 
Feeling constantly as if the stomach were full of water. 
After eating, emotional excitement causes nausea. 
"Intense thirst, morning, noon, and night."-G. 
Pit of the stomach swollen, tense, sensitive to touch, with vio- 
lent throbbing, stitching pains, very much desire to be alone. 
Abdomen.-"Fullness, heat, and great distention of the abdo- 
men immediately after eating."-Hah. 
"Feeling as if cold fluid were passing the intestines."-Hah. 
"Constipation, with distress one or two hours before stool, 
with colicky, stitching pains."-G. 
Ineffectual urging to stool; rectum feels too weak to expel it. 
Frequent urination, especially at night; urine alkaline. 
"Cutting pain in left side of upper abdomen."-Gersdorff. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Excessive sexual desire, with emis- 
sions, followed by great debility. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses of a bad, pungent odor, 
and very acrid ; excoriating the thighs (too acid), with great back- 
ache, and sticking pains in the abdomen. Many rheumatoid 
symptoms. 
"Feels very badly a week before menstruation."-G. 
"Great, heavy, aching weight in the small of the back, espe- 
cially during menstruation."-G. 
Menses too early, too profuse, and last too long; with great 
soreness of the vagina and vulva; eczema. 
During menses, cutting colic in the abdomen. 
"Colic in lying-in women, characteristic stitching pains."-F. 
"Yellow leucorrhcea, with much burning and itching."-G. 
Respiratory Organs.-Dry cough, night sweats, hectic fever, 
sometimes expectorates bloody pus. 
"Dry, hard cough, especially aggravated about 3 a. m."-G. 
"Amelioration of cough when lying on painless side."-Lippe. 
"Stitches in the sides of the chest on deep inspiration."-Hah. 
Sharp, cutting, stabbing pains in the left chest. 
"Cutting pains in the chest in the evening after lying down." 
-Hah. KALI CARBONICUM. 
543 
"Unable to speak on account of cramp in the chest; face red; 
and perspiration over the body."-Hah. 
"Much weakness and weariness of the chest."-Hah. 
Much stitching pain below the left mamma, with great sore- 
ness of the chest; rheumatoid symptoms prominent. 
Back.-"Much stiffness of the nape of the neck."-Hah. 
Stitches in the left scapula on breathing; in lung diseases. 
"Bruised pain in the back during rest."-Hah. 
"Drawing pains in the small of the back."-Hah. 
"Feeling as if the small of the back were pressed inward."- 
Henning. 
Drawing, tearing pains in the limbs; chronic rheumatism. 
Fever.-Great chilliness toward evening during motion; 
relieved near warm stove and after lying down; chill mixed up 
with the heat; with thirst; more chill than heat. 
Internal heat and external chilliness, with dyspnoea. 
Copious night sweats, without relief; mental exertion causes 
sweat. 
Least exertion produces perspiration and much prostration. 
Much inclined to take cold, perspires so copiously. 
The least touch on the part frightens him. 
Aggravation.-Morning, from 2 to 3 a. m.; from cold and 
from rest. 
Amelioration.-During the day; motion; warmth, wrapping; 
up the head, and in warm, open air. 544 
KALI CHLORICUM. 
KALI CHLORICUM. 
Chlorate of Potassium. 
Chemical preparation. Aqueous solution, one to nine. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Bell., Puls., Hydrast. 
Through the organic nervous system, Chlorate of Potash has four 
special centers of action; 
I. Mucous Membranes. Destriictive Inflammation; Ulceration. 
II. Salivary Glands. Salivation. 
III. Kidneys. Congestion; Inflammation; Hemorrhage. 
IV. Blood. Fibrine Increased; Scorbutic Condition. 
Mucous Membranes.-Chlorate of Potash affects all the mu- 
cous membranes, but more particularly those of the mouth and 
digestive tract, and of the kidneys. In the mouth, it produces 
deep ulceration of the mucous membrane. 
By its action on the gastro-intestinal tract, it produces nausea, 
vomiting, and inflammation of the whole mucous tract. One 
man took three hundred grains of this salt daily for four days, 
which produced "pains in the bowels, with incessant vomiting, 
and death." The autopsy revealed inflammation of the stomach, 
its mucous membrane being softened and entirely disorganized. 
"One ounce of the salt taken by Dr. Fountain produced death in 
seven days, from violent gastro-intestinal inflammation. First, 
there was copious diuresis, and then hemorrhage from the kid- 
neys, with entire suppression of urine. Post-mortem revealed 
violent and intense inflammation of the entire alimentary tract, 
from the stomach to the rectum; portions of the mucous mem- 
brane were destroyed, hanging in ragged shreds and patches, as 
if the intestine had been macerated a long time in a strong alka- 
line solution; the bladder wyas empty, and the mucous mem- 
brane gave a similar appearance. There were crystals of the 
Chlorate in the pelvis of the kidneys, and a large bulla of extrava- 
sated urine (apparently) under the capsule of the kidney."-Stille. 
Glands.-Large doses produce copious salivation, with saltish 
taste in the mouth, and the teeth become thoroughly cleansed. 
The appetite is increased. KALI CHLORICUM. 
545 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Mouth and Throat.-This remedy may be called a specific for 
aphthae and stomatitis; it will cure about every case in from 
one to three days. My favorite way of administering it is to let 
the patient put a small crystal in the mouth and suck it until all 
dissolved, once in two or three hours. 
Follicular ulcers on the inside of the lips and dorsum of the 
tongue; mouth full of saliva; glands enlarged and tender, in 
cachectic people. Admirable remedy in Mercurial salivation. 
Gums inflamed; very sensitive; bleed frequently. 
Burning, stinging blisters on the tongue and buccal cavity. 
Heat and dryness of the mouth ; peeling off of the lips. 
Breath excessively fetid, in ulceration and diphtheria. 
Many physicians have great confidence in this drug in diph- 
theria. It makes a grand gargle. 
Kidneys.-Catarrhal inflammation of the kidneys. 
Syphilis.-It has been found of much value in secondary 
syphilis affecting the fauces. 546 
KALI HYDRIODICUM. 
KALI HYDRIODICUM. 
Iodide of Potassium. 
Chemical preparation. Alcoholic solution, two parts to nine of Alcohol. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Hep., Merc., Spong., Plumb., Vegetable acids. Demulcents. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Iodide of Potash has 
nine special centers of action : 
I. Mucous Mem. Congestion; Inflammation; Mucorrhoea. 
II. Kidneys. Congestion; Inflammation; Albuminuria. 
III. Air-Passages. Broncho-Pneumonia; Mueorrhcea; Asthma.. 
IV. Skin. Acne Indurata; Pustules; Hydroa. 
V. Lymphatics. Hypertrophy; Loss of Function; Ulceration. 
VI. Glands. Congestion; Induration; Atrophy. 
VII. Serous Membranes. Dropsical Effusions. 
VIII. Fibrous Tiss. Inflammation; Hypertrophy; Nocturnal Pain. 
IX. Blood. Ancemia; Fibrine Increased. 
Mucous Membranes.-Upon the mucous membranes of the 
respiratory tract, Kali hydriodicum has a peculiar irritating 
effect, especially centering upon the mucous lining of the frontal 
sinuses, Schneiderian membrane, and the eyes. "Catarrhal in- 
flammation of the Schneiderian membrane in the frontal sinuses, 
and the antrum Highmorianum as far as the posterior nares; 
red, swollen nose, with constant discharge of a watery, acrid, 
colorless liquid, from both nostrils; painful and violent sneezing. 
Swelling of the eyelids, with profuse lachrymation, and injected 
appearance of the conjunctiva. Stinging pains in the ears ; red- 
ness of the face, with expression of anguish and uneasiness, hor- 
rid throbbing distress in the frontal region, accompanied with a 
feeling of compression in both sides of the brain, and with a sen- 
sation as if the volume of the brain had increased threefold ; with 
tossing about in the bed; excessive irritability, bordering upon 
rage; loathing which causes one to shake; white coating of the 
tongue; nasal sound of the voice; violent thirst and catarrhal 
fever characterized by heat and dryness of the skin, alternating KALI HYDRIODICUM. 
547 
with profuse sweats, predominance of heat, with intercurrent 
chills, and dark, hot urine."-Noack and Trinks. 
Dr. Ringer says: "The tissues most frequently and most 
severely influenced by this drug are the mucous covering of the 
eyes, and lining of the nose, frontal sinus, and mouth, with the 
skin of the face. Some slight running of the nose is first noticed, 
with occasional sneezing, and a little frontal headache; these 
symptoms become more marked when the conjunctiva is injected, 
and the tears flow abundantly. The Iodide produces decided 
changes in the buccal mucous membrane, causing redness and 
injection of the lining of the cheek, the throat, soft palate, and of 
the tongue; an increased growth and separation of the epithelium 
covering these parts, and an augmented How of saliva. 
"A large dose irritates the stomach, and disorders digestion. 
Some are far more prone than others to be thus affected, so prone 
that even minute medicinal doses sometimes irritate the stomach. 
"Like the Chloride of Sodium, and Chloride of Ammonium, 
this salt increases the production of mucus from the stomach and 
intestines, as well as from the mucous membrane of other parts 
of the body; but, when such a result is desired, we resort to the 
Chloride of Ammonium in preference to this salt. 
"When the stomach is singled out by the Iodide, it induces 
nausea, and a sensation of sinking at the epigastrium, with loss 
of appetite, and sometimes watery diarrhoea. A grain or even 
less may affect the stomach." 
Kidneys.-On the mucous membrane of the kidneys, it has 
been known to produce congestion and albuminuria; but this is 
not a constant effect. It is eliminated mainly through the kid- 
neys, without undergoing much, if any, decomposition. This 
elimination is not rapid; for, in some cases, this salt may be 
detected several weeks after its ingestion. Neither has it any 
uniform influence on the amount or quality of urine secreted. In 
some, it produces copious diuresis, and in others not much change 
from the normal. In the first stage of Bright's disease, it has 
been found useful, especially if caused by syphilis. 
Lungs.-The action of the Iodide of Potassium upon the mu- 
cous lining of the larynx and bronchial tubes, is well marked, as 
shown by the hoarseness, rough feeling in the trachea, obliging 
one to hawk; oppression of breathing; rough feeling in the tra- 
chea ; short, dry, hacking cough; finally accompanied by copious 
green expectoration; bloody cough on awaking every night, with 548 
KALI HYDRIODICUM. 
oppression of the chest; loss of voice. In fact, the symptoms of 
croup, bronchitis, and broncho-pneumonia or asthma, are all 
well marked out; and they all have often been cured by this 
drug. 
Skin.-By prolonged use, the Iodide has a marked action 
upon the skin. "The most common effect is acne indurata. 
More rarely blood-blisters or watery blebs form. Iodic purpura 
occurs in the form of discrete purple spots upon the skin, most 
frequently on the legs; and they usually disappear spontaneously 
in two or three weeks. The pustular, bullar forms of the eruption 
seem to take their origin in the hair follicles, according to some 
dermatologists; in the sebaceous glands, according to others. 
The bullge are sometimes very large, measuring an inch or more 
in diameter, and are filled with a clear, turbid, or bloody serum, 
and have sometimes been described under the name hydroa. 
They are very painful to the touch, of rare occurrence, and seem 
to depend upon some peculiarity of the patient, since they may 
be produced by very small doses of the medicine."-National Dis- 
pensatory. 
Lymphatic and Glandular System.-Kali hydriodicum has 
a marked effect upon the lymphatic system very similar to Iodine, 
producing hypertrophy and loss of function similar to those 
caused by syphilis, as shown in ulcerations, especially of the 
throat and skin. 
The glandular system, in general, is also prominently affected, 
as shown by the induration and enlargement of the thyroid gland 
(goiter), swelling and induration of the testes, prostate, and sal- 
ivary glands. In the latter, salivation is often produced, but is 
not accompanied with the fetor of Mercurial salivation. In rare 
cases, this drug produces atrophy of the testicles, and loss of 
sexual desire, but not in such a marked degree as Iodine. 
Serous Membranes and Fibrous Tissue.-It produces thick- 
ening of the periosteum, and is signally beneficial in syphilitic 
nodes. Upon the serous membranes of the pleura, brain, men- 
inges, and joints, its action is strongly marked, as shown by the 
cure of dropsical effusions, especially if sub-acute or chronic. 
Blood.-The hcematic influence of Iodide of Potassium is not 
fully made out; but it is known that it causes the blood to 
become thin and watery, produces a petechial rash and purpura, 
and that it is, like Mercury, an anti-plastic. (See Iodine.) KALI HYDRIODICUM, 
549 
These two drugs, the Iodide of Potassium and Iodine, should be 
studied together, their effects upon the system being so similar 
that many good physicians claim there is no difference; but I 
believe there is much difference, that they constitute tw7o distinct 
drugs, with, however, great similarity. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
This remedy is especially adapted to scrofulous people of lym- 
phatic temperament, especially if they have been saturated with 
Mercury; to secondary and tertiary syphilis, and to chronic peri- 
osteal rheumatism. 
It is the best known antidote for all the bad effects of Mercury 
and for secondary and tertiary syphilis. 
Syphilis.-"It is largely employed in syphilis, but is not equally 
efficacious in all its forms, being more useful in secondary and 
tertiary syphilis, especially in the tertiary form where Mercury 
may do harm. The Iodide should be employed when the health 
is broken down, and Mercury has been taken without good effects, 
or when the bones are diseased. It is conspicuously beneficial 
when the disease fixes on the periosteum of the bones or fibrous 
structure of the softer organs, and forms what are called nodes. 
Its action on this form of disease is almost magical; it soon sub- 
dues the pain, and the nodes, if not of long standing, quickly 
disappear, lii the treatment of tubercular syphilitic skin erup- 
tions, Dr. Neligan prefers it to a salt of Mercury. The Iodide of 
Potassium is of very great service in syphilis of deep-seated and 
important organs. It has been commended in syphilitic iritis; 
but in this case most authorities prefer Mercury. The secondary 
syphilis of children is best treated with Mercury; yet the follow- 
ing somewhat rare form of syphilis gives way best to Iodine: In 
children a few' months or years old, a syphilitic thickening of the 
periosteum is sometimes observed, usually attacking the heads of 
several of the long bones, but sometimes also the shafts. The 
thickening is first felt around the bones ; but, as the disease advan- 
ces, the neighboring soft tissues become infiltrated with a firm 
exudation, which may increase to such a degree that the impli- 
cated part of the limb becomes much swollen, the skin very tense 
and shining, and a little reddened. The affected parts are very 
painful. When the disease is seated at the head of the bones, the 
movement of the joint is not impaired. Here the Iodide will 
often cure."-Ringer. 550 
KALI HYDRIODICUM. 
The Dose.-One word as to the dose. Our school has often 
failed with this drug in syphilis, from the simple reason that they 
have administered it in too small doses. I well remember the 
loss of a patient worth two hundred thousand dollars, whom an 
old-school physician subsequently cured with massive doses of 
this drug, while I had puttered along with the same remedy and 
did no good, because I was taught not to give the large dose. 
This nonsense cost me a thousand dollars, but taught me a lesson 
that will last a lifetime. Now I am not ashamed to give from 
one to five grains of the crude drug three times a day, and often 
give fifteen to twenty grains at a dose three times a day in obsti- 
nate cases of secondary and tertiary syphilis. A good vehicle, in 
which to administer it, is milk. 
Lead-Poisoning.-No remedy can eliminate lead with such 
certainty and rapidity as the Iodide. 
Hydrargyrosis.-In hydrargyrosis, the Mercurial salts are 
deposited from the blood in an insoluble form in the animal struc- 
tures. In such cases, the Iodide of Potassium re-dissolves the 
Mercury back into the blood again, and eliminates it through all 
the glandular system, especially the kidneys. 
Head.-Anxiety and great sadness. Dr. Ringer says Iodide 
of Potassium sometimes produces distressing depression of mind 
and body. The patient becomes irritable, dejected, listless, and 
wretched. Exercise soon produces fatigue and even fainting. 
Excitation, as if intoxicated, with sadness and sighing. 
Congestion of the brain from suppression of habitual catarrh 
of the nose, or from secondary syphilis. 
Most intense and violent headache, with hard syphilitic nodes 
on the cranium (periosteal syphilitic headache). 
"Pains in the sides of the head as if screwed in; better in 
open air."-Hg. 
"Pain in the upper part of the head as if it would be forced 
asunder, and it is hot to the touch."-Hartlaub and Trinhs. 
"The scalp feels as if ulcerated when scratching it."-Hartlaub. 
Falling-out of the hair from secondary syphilis. 
Eyes .-"Complete blindness, from effusion of water on the 
brain, with dilated pupils, staring, watery eyes; frequent crying- 
out and vomiting."-Hg. 
"One of our most important drugs for irido-choroiditis, iritis, 
acute or chronic, and choroiditis disseminata, especially of a 
syphilitic or Mercurial origin."-A. and N. KALI HYDRIODICUM. 
551 
"In paralysis of the muscles dependent upon syphilitic peri- 
ostitis, no matter which muscle is affected, the Iodide is the most 
important remedy."-A. and N. 
"Burning in the eyes, they secrete a purulent mucus."-Hg. 
"Pustules on cornea; no photophobia, pain, or redness."-Hg. 
(Edema of the eyelids, with lachrymation. 
"Vision dim and foggy."-Hg. 
Nose.-Violent sneezing, and running of acrid water from the 
nose. (Very characteristic.) 
Acute coryza; great redness of the conjunctiva, nose, throat, 
and palate, with profuse lachrymation. 
"Sensation of fullness and tightness at root of nose, with 
beating pains in the nasal bones."-Houat. 
"Nose red, swollen; discharge acrid, watery; tightness at the 
root of the nose; syphilis."-Hg. 
"Accumulation of very tenacious mucus in nostrils."-Hg. 
"Discharge from the nose of greenish-black or yellow matter, 
of a foul, sickening smell; of decomposed greenish-red blood."- 
Houat. 
Throbbing and burning pains in the nasal and frontal bones, 
with ulceration of the cartilages (syphilitic). 
Face pale and colorless. 
Mouth.-"Gums ulcerated as if after Mercury; bloody saliva, 
smells like onions, with sensation as if a worm were crawling 
at the root of a tooth."-Dr. Farrington. 
"Dryness of the throat, enlarged tonsils, and papulae on the 
face; copious salivation, especially if from Mercury."-Hah. 
Very offensive odor from the mouth. 
Heat in the whole mouth, with swelling. 
"Violent ptyalism, with irregular superficial ulceration of mu- 
cous lining of the mouth; the surface looks white, as if covered 
with milk."-Hempel. 
Gums recede from the teeth, which are loose. 
"Impressions of teeth are left on swollen tongue."-Hempel. 
"Impossible to open the mouth."- Hempel. 
A esicles on tip of tongue, with much burning. 
"Swelling and suppuration of submaxillary glands."-Hg. 
"Uvula swollen and elongated; mucous membrane oedema- 
tous."-Hg. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-"Degeneration of the mucous 
membrane of the stomach, with vomiting, heartburn, emaci- 
ation, and diarrhoea."-Hempel. 552 
KALI HYDRIODICUM. 
Excessive thirst, with nausea, vomiting, and bloated abdo- 
men. 
"Sudden painful bloating of the abdomen, as if it would burst, 
disappearing after emission of flatus."-Hg. 
Obstinate constipation; stools hard and scanty. 
"Light green and yellow watery stools."-Houat. 
Chronic diarrhoea in syphilitic or Mercurial subjects. 
Liver.-Syphilitic affections of the liver (gummata). 
Urinary Organs.-Enuresis at night, in scrofulous and syphi- 
litic children. z 
Profuse flow of urine is a marked symptom. 
Albuminuria, from tertiary syphilis. 
Urine sometimes streaked with blood. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"Extensive swelling and inflamma- 
tion of the penis, with semi-erections and sexual desire" (Houat); 
chronic gleet. 
"Muco-purulent discharge from the urethra, with burning in 
the urethra, and sometimes discharge of blood."-Houat. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Acrid, watery, corroding leucof- 
rhoea. 
Too scanty menstruation, in fleshy women. 
"Frequent urging to urinate, when the menses appear."-Hg. 
Atrophy of the mammae. 
Air-Passages.-Asthma, in young people that have not got- 
ten their growth, with many rheumatic symptoms about the 
chest, and sleeplessness. 
Oppression of breathing which awakens the patient in the 
morning hours, especially in oedema of the lungs. 
No air enters the lungs, from laryngeal obstruction. 
"Raw pain in the larynx, as if from granulations."-Houat. 
"Deep, hollow cough, with whitish and greenish expectoration 
and tearing-out pain in the sternum." Houat. 
"Mucous phthisis, with purulent expectoration; exhausting 
night sweats, and loose stools."-Hg. 
"Violent pains in sternum, extending to shoulders."- Trinhs. 
Back.-Moving produces intense pain in the small of the back, 
chronic rheumatism of chest and back. 
Syphilis.-Periosteal rheumatism of a syphilitic origin; the 
bones enlarge and are intensely painful at night. KALI HYDRIODICUM. 
553 
Swelling of bones and periosteum, with nightly bone-pains. 
In secondary and tertiary syphilis, with intolerable nocturnal 
rheumatic pains, driving the patient to despair, no remedy can 
equal the Iodide of Potassium. 
Glands.-"It is of signal service in bronchocele, when the 
enlargement of the thyroid gland is due to hypertrophy, not to 
cystic formation or to other causes. It is also used in enlarge- 
ment of the testes and mammae, though with less advantage than 
in bronchocele."-Ringer. 
Ill General.-Great general debility. 
Fever.-Where the chilliness predominates, the fever is 
marked by hot Hushes, but little perspiration, and very much 
aggravated at night. 
(Edematous infiltration of tissues, anasarca, especially from 
tertiary syphilis, where the periosteum is involved. 
Aggravation.-The bone-pains are perfectly intolerable at 
night, from cold air, and during rest. 
Amelioration.-Better from motion. 554 
KREOSOTUM. 
KREOSOTUM. 
Creosote. 
Chemical preparation from beech-tar. Two parts to nine of Alcohol. 
Antidotes.-Acids, Ars., Cinch., Nux vom., Ipec., Bapt., Lach. 
Through the cerebro-spinal, reaching over into the vegetative nerv- 
ous system, Kreosotum has ten special centers of action: 
I. Mucous Membranes. Catarrhal Inflammation; Viceration. 
II. Vagi. Nausea and Violent Vomiting. 
III. Intestinal Canal. Congestion; Inflammation; Catharsis. 
IV. Kidneys. Diuresis; Strangury; Diabetes. 
V. Lymphatic System. Secretions Acrid. 
VI. Sexual Organs, Female. Secretions Very Acrid. 
VII. Skin. Livid, Copper-Colored; Humid Eczema. 
VIII. Blood. Coagulation. 
IX. Cerebro-Spinal System. Convulsions; Paralysis. 
X. Disinfectant ; Antiseptic. 
Mucous Membranes.- Creosote acts on all the mucous mem- 
branes, but more especially on that of the digestive organs, pro- 
ducing a catarrhal condition, with a tendency to disorganization 
and destruction of the tissue. 
Strumpf speaks of "a woman sixty years of age who took a 
considerable quantity of Creosote by mistake. She was imme- 
diately attacked by severe colicky pains, and within three hours 
had upward of forty very painful and bloody stools;" and Dr. 
Headland says it has a double action; being anodyne, like Hydro- 
cyanic acid, and a mucous stimulant, like Turpentine. Large 
doses produce nausea, vomiting, and retching; and it is of great 
value in sympathetic vomiting and cholera infantum. 
Kidneys.-The urine is generally augmented, of a dark color 
like India ink; sometimes there is frequent micturition; and it 
has caused strangury. As a remedy, it has acted well in diabetes 
mellitus. KREOSOTUM. 
555 
Lymphatic and Glandular System.-Creosote prevents the 
secretions of the lymphatic system, and produces great acridity 
of all the secretions; and, in dogs, it has produced salivation. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menstruation is increased, comes 
on too soon, and lasts too long; and the uterine secretions be- 
come acrid and excoriating. It is of great value in metrorrhagia, 
acid leucorrhcea, and putrid ulceration. 
Blood.-The blood becomes liquefied and decomposed. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Great acridity of all the secretions is the leading characteris- 
tic for Kreosote, especially in uterine discharges. 
Tall, slim, old people with putrid diseases. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Menses too early, too profuse, 
and last too long; inclined to be intermittent; she thinks she is 
almost well, when the discharge returns afresh. "-G. 
"She always feels chilly at the menstrual period."-G. [This 
shows irritation of the posterior portion of the cord.] 
"The menses are usually too frequent and too profuse, suc- 
ceeded by an acrid-smelling, bloody ichor, with corrosive itching 
and biting of the parts, and more or less pain during the flow, 
but much aggravated after it ceases."-G. 
"Difficulty of hearing, before and during the menses, with 
buzzing and humming in the head."-G. 
"Acrid, bloody ichor from the womb, with corrosive itching of 
the parts; stitches in the vagina."-G. 
"Putrid, acrid, corrosive leucorrhcea."-G. [Excoriating the 
labia.] 
"Leucorrhcea, with great debility, particularly of the lower ex- 
tremities. It may be mild or acrid, causing great itching."-G. 
"Very offensive, excoriating Ibchia; almost ceasing, then it 
freshens up again; almost ceases and freshens up again and 
again."-G. [Excoriating the vulva.] 
"Her hemorrhage seems to pass into a corrosive, ichorous dis- 
charge ; then to freshen up again, and go on."-G. 
"Continual hemorrhage from the tumor; at times becomes 
pale and almost entirely ceases, then re-commences afresh."-G. 
"Cancer of the uterus, with profuse discharge of dark, coagu- 
lated blood, or of a pungent, bloody ichor, preceded by a pain 
in the back."-G. 556 
KRE0S0TUM. 
"Corrosive itching within the vulva, and itching between the 
labia and thighs, with soreness and burning after urinating."-G. 
[Extreme soreness of the labia.] 
Yellow, acrid, excoriating leucorrhcea, with great weakness. 
"Voluptuous itching deep in the vagina."-Hg. 
"Burning and swelling of external and internal labia."-G. 
"Awful burning, as of red-hot coal in the pelvis, with discharge 
of clots of foul-smelling blood."-G. [Cancer.] 
"In cancer, the whole mamma is hard, bluish-red and covered 
with little scurfy protuberances."-G. 
Mouth and Teeth,-"Teeth decay as soon as they appear." 
-G. [Excoriation of mucous surfaces.] 
"When dentition is so badly performed as to become a disease, 
comprising a general irritation of the teeth themselves, especially 
when the child is constipated," (G.) with great irritability and 
sleeplessness. 
Gums bleed readily, scorbutic, spongy; ulcerated, with exces- 
sively foul breath; aphthous ulcerations. Caries of the teeth, 
when the pain is accompanied by turgescence of the gums and 
facial congestion. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.- "Sympathetic vomiting, where 
the pain starts from some other organ besides the stomach."- 
Hughes. 
Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, or during dentition. 
"Obstinate cases of dyspepsia, with great and constant nausea, 
without actual vomiting, and a cold feeling at the epigastrium, 
as if cold water or ice were there."-Bayes. 
Sympathetic vomiting, from kidney, uterus, or liver; phthisis. 
Constipation, stools hard, and voided with great difficulty, 
with much tympanitis; can not tolerate tight clothing. Its action 
greatly resembles that of Pulsatilla, but is more powerful and 
lasting, the secretions being excessively acrid. 
Urinary Organs.-Excessive urination, always with great 
haste; has to void it every half-hour, in large quantities. 
Copious secretion of urine in first stage of diabetes. 
Urine very offensive, voided in great haste and in large quan- 
tities ; with great urgency to urinate. 
Chest.-Spasmodic, moist cough. 
"Paroxysmal, moist cough, apparently caused by something 
crawling behind the sternum."-Prof. Walker. KREOSOTUM. 
557 
Great shortness of breath, with paroxysmal, moist cough. 
Burning and stitching pains in the chest, with loose cough and 
foul, fetid expectoration; shortness of breath. 
Mind and Head.-Weakness of memory; great sleeplessness. 
Disposition sad and irritable, with livid complexion. 
"Buzzing and ringing in the head; with deafness during the 
menses."-G. 
Dull, throbbing pains in the forehead, as after a spree. 
Eyes.-Chronic keratitis, with excessively hot, smarting lach- 
rymation, and moderately profuse, excoriating discharge. 
"Intense itching of the margins of the eyelids ; greatly aggra- 
vated by rubbing or touching them."-G. [Lids much swollen.J 
Pustular eruptions over the wdiole body, with great itching. 
Skin.-Wretched, livid complexion, with disposition sad and 
irritable ; pustular eruption over the whole body. 
(Edema of the feet, with copious foot-sweat. 
"Herpes; humid, scaly, pustulous; on the eyelids, cheeks, 
mouth, elbows, fingers, malleoli; or large greasy, pox-shaped 
pustules all over the body."-Lippe. 
"The itching in the evening became so violent that she was 
almost crazy."-Dr. Wahle. [Especially if from diabetes.] 
In General.-General weakness and prostration are one of the 
grand key-notes for this drug; excoriation of mucous surfaces. 
Aggravation.-In cold air or from food; open air, morning, 
or night. 
Amelioration.-From warmth and motion. 558 
LACHESIS. 
LACHESIS. 
Trigonocephalus Lachesis. 
Habitat, S. America. Triturations, 1 drop of the poison to 99 grains of the sugar of milk. 
Antidotes-Its own bile; Alcohol to intoxication; Ars., Bell., Nit. ac.,Hyd. ac. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Lachesis has eight special 
centers of action. 
I. Brain. Congestion;. Coma; Sensory Nerve Life Destroyed. 
II. Cord. Spasms; Convulsions; Sudden Prostration. 
III. Vagi. Spasm of Throat. (Bronchi.) (Stomach.) Emesis. 
IV. Blood. Rapid Decomposit'n; Hemorrhage; Asthenic Fever. 
V. Circulation. Vaso-Motor Par.; Asthenia. (Heart.) Paral. 
VI. Skin. Ecchymosis; Gangrene; Hemorrhages; Jaundice. 
VII. Glandular S. All Glands Congested; Fatty Degeneration. 
VIII. Sexual O., Fem. Ovarian Atony; Scanty, Delayed Menses. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Lachesis has a powerful action 
upon this system, centering especially upon the pneumogastric 
nerve. It poisons the nerve centers; and, following upon this 
with the rapidity of lightning, there are convulsions, unconscious- 
ness, and great irritation of the throat, larynx, bronchi, and 
heart. S. B. Higgins, says: "In Lachesis, we see the nerve cen- 
ters attacked first, the man falls as if struck by lightning; uncon- 
sciousness follows (at least in some cases); the sympatheticus 
and vagus are attacked, thus disturbing the whole machinery of 
life, and .causing decomposition of the blood, thus producing gan- 
grene, which is but a consequence of this lack of vitality. Post 
mortems have shown that the oppression in the chest, with its 
torturing anguish (so distinctly characteristic of Lachesis tri- 
gonocephalus and Elaps corallinus), is very frequently caused by 
the extension of the gangrene to the lungs and liver, although 
death may supervene (as by Crotalus) by the depression of 
nerve-force, so necessary is this latter to the sustenance of the 
functions of life." 
Blood.-The rapid decomposition of the blood, and of the tis- 
sues locally acted upon by the venom, produces hemorrhages LACHESIS. 
559 
from all the mucous surfaces; Asthenic inflammations of the 
most malignant character; pyaemia; gangrene, and low, asthenic 
typhoid condition of the system. 
As the action of this poison is so similar to that of Crotalus, 
the only difference between the two is that the Lachesis has more 
of the neurotic element, and its action is, if it can be, more rapid 
and profound; consequently, the reader is referred to the physio- 
logical action of Crotalus before the characteristic symptoms are 
studied. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Sleept-Aggravation of all the symptoms after sleep; awakens 
very much distressed, and unhappy; greatest characteristic. 
"Very distressing aggravation after sleeping, as if the child 
was dying (in croup)."-F. [Loquacious.] 
Mind and Head.-Fright from snakes. 
"Thinks she is dead (in typhoid), and that preparations are 
made for the funeral, or that she is nearly dead, and wishes some 
one would help her off."-J. B. Bell, M. D. 
"Great inclination to be talkative, vivid imagination."-Hg. 
"Weakness of memory, words just spoken seemed obliterated." 
-Stapf. 
"Vertigo in the morning on waking."-Hg. [Heavy as lead.' 
"Closing the eyes brings on vertigo."-Bichhelm. 
"Dizzy, pressive headache."-Hg. [Head feels heavy as lead.] 
"Headache extending into the nose."-Hg. 
"Headache on the right side, extending into the neck and 
shoulders, with tension in the muscles."-Hg. 
"Heaviness like lead in the occiput; can scarcely raise it from 
the pillow in the morning after waking, with vertigo."-Hg. 
Apoplexy, followed by paralysis, from cerebral hemorrhage. 
"Numbness and crawling on the left side of the head, as in the 
whole left side, in the evening and next morning."-Hg. 
Headache accompanying menstrual irregularities at the cli- 
macteric, with nausea, drowsiness, and flushings, with much ver- 
tigo. 
Head swollen, with malignant erysipelatous inflammation, 
followed by loss of hair; pressing, bursting pains. 
Great sadness and sighing on awakening in the morning. 
Eyes.-"Eyes feel as though they had been taken out and 
squeezed and then put back; worse after sleep."-H. N. Martin, 
M. D. [Dimness of vision, fog before theteyes.] 560 
LACHESIS. 
"Dimness of vision; much black flickering before the eyes, 
that seems very near, and makes reading very difficult."-Hg. 
"Flickering before the eyes, as from threads, or rays of the 
sun."-Hg. 
"Stitches, as from knives in eyes, coming from head."-Hg. 
"Fiery rays before the eyes."-Hg. [Flickering before eyes.] 
Scrofulous keratitis, with photophobia, worse after sleeping. 
"The snake poisons, as suggested by Dr. Liebold, particularly 
Lachesis, are the best and most commonly indicated remedies 
we possess for retinitis apoplectica. We have used it in several 
cases of hemorrhage into the retina, with brilliant results, 
whether of spontaneous origin or dependent upon various 
diseases of the fundus. It not only hastens very materially 
the absorption of any hemorrhage into the retina, but also con- 
trols the inflammatory symptoms."-A. and N. 
Ears.-"Pains in the ears, with a sore throat. '-Hg. 
"Tearing extending from the zygoma into the ear."-Hg. 
"Whizzing as from insects in the ears."-Hg. [Low fevers.] 
Nose.-Catarrh, with soreness of the nose; many symptoms 
end with nasal catarrh, watery discharge; nostrils sore. 
"Bleeding of the nose in many diseases."-Hg. [Asthenic 
fevers.] 
Copious hemorrhages from the nose in malignant diphtheria. 
"Nose red, swollen, with discharge of blood and pus."-Dr. H. 
C. Jessen. 
"Face has an expression of great suffering."-H. C. Jessen. 
Face has an earthy, pale, shining color, in malignant diseases. 
Malignant erysipelatous inflammation of the face. 
Mouth.-"Raging, jerking, tearing in lower teeth, often extend- 
ing through the upper jaw to the ear, after sleeping, or taking hot 
food or drink."-Hg. 
Much bleeding from the gums, they feel raw and burn. 
"Mouth very sore, parched, and dry, mucous membrane cracked 
and bleeding; tongue swollen, and covered with blisters on each 
side."-Hg. 
Feeling of much rawness of the mouth and throat. 
"Tongue dry, red, black, stiff, cracked."-Hg. 
Much trembling of the tongue when protruding. 
Speech very difficult; the tongue being so heavy, dry, and stiff. 
Coppery, saltish, disgusting taste; aphthous sore mouth. LACHESIS. 
561 
Throat.-"The throat seems swollen, as if two lumps as large 
as the fists came together; but only on empty swallowing, not on 
eating, eating seems to relieve."-Hg. [Exceedingly dry.] 
The throat is so sensitive she can not bear the least touch of 
the finger. 
"Dryness in the throat without thirst, at night on waking; a 
sticking as if from a thousand needles, that produces suffoca- 
tion."-Hg. 
Great dryness of the throat that impedes swallowing. 
"Diseases of the throat that commence on the left side."-G. 
"Deglutition painful, with regurgitation through nose."-G. 
"Pain on swallowing going into the ear, the course of the pain 
is along the parotid gland externally."-G. 
"Hawking of mucus, with rawness in the throat, after a nap 
in the day-time."-Hg. 
"Feeling as if a crumb of bread remained sticking in the 
throat, obliging her to swallow, relieved by hawking."-Hg. 
"Such a sore and ulcerated throat that she could only with 
great difficulty swallow (tonsillitis)."-Hg. 
"Throat very sensitive on the left side, worse evenings."-Hg. 
Very painful, empty deglutition, with feeling of great rawness. 
Liquids are swallowed with great difficulty, but solids easily. 
Inflammation, and destructive ulceration of the tonsils and 
fauces, with excessively foul breath. (Gangrene, diphtheria, sali- 
vation.) 
"Throat greatly swollen internally and externally; discharge 
from the nose and mouth of an intensely fetid and excoriating 
fluid; fauces covered with diphtheritic membrane; pulse quick 
and small; extremities mottled and livid, swallowing almost im- 
possible."-Dr. E. M. Hale. 
In malignant diphtheria that destroys the nerve centers at 
once, no better known remedy than the snake poisons, Crotalus 
and the Lachesis. 
Tonsillitis and diphtheria beginning on the left side. 
"Can endure nothing tight on the throat."-Hg. [Gangrenous 
form.] 
"The throat and neck are so sensitive to the slightest external 
pressure that everything about the throat is distressing."-Jig. 
"If, in the evening on lying down, anything touches the throat 
or larynx, it seems as though he would suffocate, and the pain is 
much worse."-Hg. [Throat dry, but no thirst.] 
"Throat sensitive even to the touch of linen."-Hg. 562 
LACHESIS. 
"Asthenic [gangrenous] diphtheria, where the constitutional 
symptoms predominate over the local; the prostration is alarm- 
ing; cold, clammy sweat ; great fetor of the breath."-D. 
"Liquids cause more difficulty in swallowing than solids." -Hg. 
Stomach.-Loss of appetite, or varying appetite. 
"Constant thirst, with dry tongue and skin."-Hg. 
"Sour taste, everything tastes sour."-Dr. H. C. Jessen. 
"Unusual longing for oysters."-Hr/. 
"Eructations amounting to vomiting."-Hg. 
Gnawing pressure, nausea and vomiting, relieved by eating. 
"Gnawing in stomach, relieved by eating, but returns when 
the stomach gets empty."-Hg. 
Much pain in the pit of the stomach, with sensation as if a 
ball was in the stomach; can not bear the clothes on the stomach. 
"Great discomfort of having clothes tight about the waist, 
must loosen the clothes."-Hg. [Hysteria.] 
Organic lesions of the stomach or bowels, with vomiting of 
bilious matter; bilious green vomiting; yellow fever. 
Abdomen.-"Diarrhoea in warm weather; aggravated by acid 
fruits; worse at night and after sleep."-Hg. [Burning in anus 
during and after stool.] 
"Excessively offensive stools, the child always awakens in dis- 
tress."-G. 
"Hemorrhages from the bowels in typhoid fever; flakes of 
decomposed blood, having the appearance and form of perfectly 
charred wheat straw, in longer or shorter flat pieces, with por- 
tions more or less ground up. I regard this as a never-failing 
key-note (given high)."-G. 
"A tormenting, constant urging in the rectum, without a stool; 
wanting to pass a stool, but the constant pain is increased by 
urging, and the patient is obliged to desist."-Dr. Boyce. 
"Sensation in the anus and rectum as if several hammers 
were beating there."-Dr. Eggert. 
"Abdomen distended hard."-Hg. [From incarcerated flatus.] 
Watery, fetid stools, in low typhoid diseases, with burning in 
the anus after stools; prostration excessive. 
Urinary Organs.-Pressure upon the bladder, with urging to 
urinate, but inability to do so. 
"Urine almost black; frequent, foamy, dark."-Hg. [Asthenic 
fevers.] 
"'Discharge of offensive mucus in the urine (catarrh)."-Hg. LACHESIS. 
563 
"Feeling as if a ball were rolling in the bladder or abdomen, 
when turning over."-Hg. 
Copious emissions of foaming urine. 
Sexual Organs, Female.- Sexual excitement; onanism, with 
epilepsy in both sexes; uterus will not bear contact; upon the 
ovaries, it has a decided action, especially during the climacteric. 
"Left ovary swollen, with tensive, pressing, stitching pains; 
inability to lie on the right side, on account of a sensation as if 
something were rolling over to that side."-G. 
"Pain in the left ovarian region, increasing more and more 
until relieved by a discharge of blood."-6r. 
"Especially suited to women at the climacteric period, with 
frequent uterine hemorrhages, and hot flushes, accompanied with 
burning vertex-headaches and pains in the back."-Hughes. 
[With frequent fainting.] 
There is no doubt, but this remedy, in the 30th and 200th 
attenuations, is the best remedy in the Materia Medica for the 
climacteric period, when there are frequent hot flushes, and a tend- 
ency to fainting spells. 
"She can not bear any pressure, not even the clothes, upon 
the uterine region; she wishes frequently to lift them; not that 
the abdomen is very tender, but that the clothes cause an uneasi- 
ness."-G. [Hyperaesthesia.] 
"Menstruation delayed, scanty, or intermittent; menstruation 
regular as to time, but too feeble and of too short duration. 
Delaying menses every two or three months, and then very pro- 
fuse; scanty menses, with increased leucorrhcea."-H. Minton. 
"Pains in the uterine region, increase at times more and more 
till relieved by a flow of blood; after a few hours or days, the 
same again, and so on."-Hg. 
"Catamenia at the regular time, but too short and feeble."-G. 
"Labor-like pains as if everything was being pressed out, fol- 
lowed by a slight show."-H. Minton, M. D. 
"Leucorrhcea before menses, copious, acrid, and thick."-D. 
Lochia fetid ; in puerperal fever; scanty lochia ; swollen abdo- 
men, with vertigo and much pain in the cerebellum. 
"It is of great service in the fainting tendency of women, but 
most of all in the flushings that occur at the critical age, with 
head symptoms of insomnia."-Bayes. 
Milk blue and scanty, with lancinating pains in the mammae. 
Respiratory Organs.-"When anything touches the larynx, 
the latter is not only sensitive, but it is as though it would suffo- 564 
LACHESIS. 
cate him; it also increased the throat-ache behind."-Dr. Smith. 
[Hypersesthesia.] 
"Larynx and throat painful when touched, and on bending the 
head backward."-G. 
"During the heat as if from ebullition of the blood, he is 
compelled to loosen his neck-covering; it seems to impede the 
circulation of the blood, with a feeling of suffocation."-Smith. 
[Especially if accompanied with hot flushes.] 
"In touching the throat, there comes a dry, hacking cough; 
also in the morning, after sleep, at night, and from tobacco 
smoke."-Smith. 
"Lachesis is a great medicine for what may be called a 'nerv- 
ous sore throat.' In its acute form, the sense of aching is out of 
all proportion to the visible mischief; when chronic, it is the 'irri- 
table sore throat,' always uneasy, and causing choking, hawking, 
and coughing. The feeling as of a dry spot in the throat, or of 
general dryness of the part, especially on waking from sleep, also 
of a lump in the throat on empty deglutition, are characteristic." 
-Hughes. 
The catarrh of Lachesis has but little secretion, with much 
sensitiveness; dry, spasmodic nightly cough, with much tickling. 
"The neurotic sphere of snake poisons is especially when the 
nerves that have their center in the medulla oblongata are dis- 
ordered ; hence their usefulness in affections of the throat, larynx; 
bronchi, and heart."-Hughes. 
"A feeling as if something was swollen in the pit of the throat, 
and would suffocate him ; it must be swallowed, with the larynx 
and wdiole throat painful to the touch."-Hg. 
"Cough caused by pressure on the larynx."-Hg. 
"Dry, hacking cough caused by touching the throat; also 
always occurring after sleep, especially mornings."-Hg. 
"Every contact with the open air causes a violent tickling 
cough, accompanied by expectoration of mucus."-Hg. 
Cough is especially aggravated by sleep, and dry in character. 
"It also will check and often cure with rapidity the excessive 
vomiting in whooping-cough; suffocative fits of cough of uncer- 
tain origin will often yield to Lachesis."-Bayes. 
"If, after a long, dry, and wheezing paroxysm of cough, sud- 
denly there is a profuse expectoration of frothy, tenacious mucus, 
giving great relief, Lachesis invariably cures."-Bayes. 
"Constantly obliged to take a deep breath."-Hg. [Paralysis of 
the vagi.] LACHESIS. 
565 
Asthma, chest stuffed, with dry cough and difficult expectora- 
tion ; chest feels constricted, with slow, difficult, whistling breath- 
ing. 
"Dropsy of the chest; awakens with suffocative spells; liver 
swollen; scanty, dark urine ; palpitation after scarlatina."-Hg. 
Burning, oppressive pains in the chest; gangrene. 
"Lachesis has no power over bronchitis, as such; but it has 
rendered great service in this affection as a neurotic ally; the 
cough is spasmodic and suffocative; and, though abundance of 
fluid mucus is heard in the chest, it is not expectorated, or only 
after long effort."-Hughes. 
Heart.-Through the vagi, Lachesis is of great value in car- 
diac affections, with cramp-like distress. 
"Restless, trembling, anxiety about the heart; hasty speech; 
suffocation on lying down; weight on the chest; heart feels con- 
stricted; rheumatism of the heart."-Hg. 
"Pulse small, weak, accelerated; unequal, intermittent."-Hg. 
"Cramp-like pain in the praecordial region, causing palpitation 
with anxiety."-Hg. [Heart's action very irregular.] 
Chronic nervous palpitation of the heart in hysterical women 
subject to frequent fainting spells, at the climacteric. 
Great shortness of breath ; attacks of anguish and suffocation. 
Skill.-"The inflammation set up is always of an asthenic 
character; in form, it is a cellulitis or an erysipelas. Its sanies 
is absorbed either by the lymphatics, causing angioleucitis, 
abscess of the lymphatic glands, and inflammation of the areolar 
tissue higher up, or by the veins, resulting in pyaemia. The local 
inflammation often goes on to gangrene, and from thence proceed 
poisoning of the blood and prostration of the nervous energies; 
we have traumatic gangrene, carbuncle, malignant pustule; ma- 
lignant erysipelas, putrid sore throat. The effects of dissection 
wounds, and pyaemia in general, and the second stage of malig- 
nant scarlatina often belong to it."-Dr. li. Hughes. 
"Bullae dark from bloody serum within."-Hg. 
"Boils half an inch in diameter near the spine, with violent 
burning, throbbing pain ; disappear without suppuration."-Hg. 
"Sore spots become fungoid, dark red to brownish, with whit- 
ish spots, burning on wiping."-Hg. 
"Carbuncles, with purple surroundings and many small boils 
around them ; malignant pustule."-Hg. 
"Bed-sores with black edges; scars open and bleed."-Hg. 
Yellow or lead-like color of the face and skin. 566 
LACHESIS. 
Neck and Back.-"Stiffness of the nape of the neck, with 
catarrh; sensitive to external pressure."-Hg. 
"Pain in the small of the back, as if lame and weak."-Hg. 
"Intolerable drawing in the small of the back and down into 
the legs, especially noticed in the ischia."-Hg. 
Many drawing pains in the small of the back. 
Limbs.-"The arms are so weak she is unable to raise them; 
they fall down again."-Hg. [Asthenia.] 
"The arm sinks down exhausted after trifling exertion."-Hg. 
Tearing, aching pains of the arms and legs, in diphtheria. 
Great weakness of the legs, especially in the knees. 
"Pain as from a sprain, in the right knee."-Hg. 
"Great physical and mental exhaustion, especially in the 
morning."-G. 
''He would constantly sink down from weakness."-G. 
The slightest exertion causes a feeling of great exhaustion. 
"Feeling as though the body were overwhelmed by a disintegra- 
ting tendency, with sinking of all the forces."-Hg. [Asthenia.] 
Fever.-"Annually returning paroxysm every spring, espe- 
cially if suppressed by Quinia the previous autumn. 
"Chilliness in back, commencing in small of back."-Hg. 
"Violent chill in the evening, with chattering of the teeth; 
soreness of the chest, and longing for the fire."-Dr. Allen. 
"Wants to be near the fire and lie down; heat makes him feel 
better, but does not arrest the chill."-Hg. 
"Child must be held firmly to relieve the pain in the head and 
chest, to prevent shaking; if held down or pressed firmly, feels 
relieved."-H. C. Allen. 
Intermittent fever; the chills predominate. 
Burning in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet; must 
be covered. 
Profuse sweat that does not relieve. 
Strong-smelling perspiration ; smelling like garlic. 
In malignant diphtheria of the worst form. The patient's 
strength is about gone from blood-poisoning; glands of the throat 
greatly swollen; the exudate of a dark color, and of an intensely 
fetid odor; copious hemorrhages from the nostrils; or with acrid 
secretions, excoriating the skin; sensation of suffocation; diffi- 
culty in swallowing fluids, not so much in swallowing solids ; great 
aggravation after sleep; tendency to suppuration, and gangrene 
(acts best on the left side), with low typhoid symptoms; all 
symptoms point to asthenia. LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA. 
567 
Malignant pustule or carbuncle, with rapid loss of strength. 
Phlebitis, legs cedematous; great prostration, and general 
typhoid state. 
In pyaemia and all low, asthenic fevers, this remedy should be 
carefully studied if there is excessive prostration, and a low, 
typhoid condition of the patient. 
Scarlet fever of a malignant type, the throat symptoms 
assume a virulent character; great and most appalling prostra- 
tion, and all the signs of blood-poisoning in its worst form. 
"Malignant local inflammations, with secondary blood infec- 
tion and nervous prostration, have proved pre-eminently the 
sphere of action for Lachesis. A typical instance is found in 
traumatic gangrene." 
Purpura, and cerebrospinal meningitis, with ecchymosis ; hem- 
orrhages ; the prostration is early and intense; rapid, like light- 
ning. (No remedy can equal the snake poisons.) 
Aggravation.-After sleep; on rising from the bed; morning 
and evening; extremes of temperature ; alcoholic drinks ; acids ; 
in the open air; the throat, from contact. 
Amelioration.-While eating, and from warmth. 
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA. 
Black Root. 
Habitat, North America. Tincture of the fresh root of second year, Class III. 
Through the abdominal sympathetic nervous system, Leptandra has 
two special centers of action : 
I. Liver. Secretions Greatly Increased. 
II. Intestinal Canal. (M. Mem.) Congest'n; Inflam.; Catharsis. 
Liver.-Through the filaments of the solar plexus, Leptandra 
greatly arouses the secretory action of the liver, increasing 
the solid and decreasing the fluid constituents of its secretion. 
King says of Leptandra: "It is a cholagogue, causing the liver to 
act with great energy, and without active catharsis, and is em- 
ployed with success in all hepatic affections. . . . It is 
indicated by an inactive state of the liver, and all functional dis- 568 
LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA. 
eases of that organ. It is the only known remedy which efficiently 
stimulates and corrects the hepatic secretions, and removes 
functional derangements of the liver, without debilitating the 
system by copious alvine evacuations." 
It is to the Eclectic school what "Blue mass" is to the Allo- 
pathic. 
That it has a powerful action upon the liver, is most beautifully 
shown in my proving with large doses of the fluid extract, as fol- 
lows : Dull aching pain in lower part of right hypochondriac region 
near gall-bladder, with dull, aching pain in umbilicus, and rumb- 
ling in the bowels; dull aching in the whole of the liver; the 
pain extending to the spine, but worse near the gall-bladder; 
constant, dull, burning distress in the epigastric and hypochon- 
driac regions; dull aching, burning distress in the region of the 
gall-bladder, with frequent chilliness along the spine; profuse 
black, undigested stool, followed by great distress in the region of 
the liver, extending to the spine; the pain is of a hot, aching 
character, with chilliness along the spine; sharp, cutting pains 
near the gall-bladder; great burning distress in the back part of 
the liver, and in the spine; pain in the left shoulder and arm; 
jaundice, with clay-colored stools. 
It will be seen by the above that no known drug has more 
marked hepatic symptoms. 
Intestinal Mucous Membrane.-The mucous membrane of 
the small intestines, and especially that of the colon and rectum, 
is highly congested; and, in some instances, true inflammation 
has been produced, as shown by the stools of mucus and blood, or 
pure blood; but the most common effect of this drug is to produce 
stools that are black and tar-like, and thin, fetid, watery evacu- 
ations, with severe pains after stool. (The pain of Podophyllum 
is before stool, and that of Mercury during and after stool.) 
This is a precious remedy in chronic diarrhoea, and has saved 
thousands of lives in this disease. Dr. Coe, says: "No remedy 
with which we are acquainted, is more to be relied upon in chronic 
affections of the mucous surfaces. Its value in this respect is 
peculiarly apparent in chronic dysentery and diarrhoea, and other 
diseases of the bowels. When false membranous formations have 
occurred in the smaller intestines, produced by the gradual exu- 
dation of plastic lymph, the Leptandra may be relied upon for 
their removal, with great confidence." 
In camp diarrhoea and dysentery of a chronic nature, where 
the mucus discharged seems to resemble false membrane, Lep- 
tandra will be found our most useful remedy. LEPTANDRA VIRGINICA. 
569 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Abdomen and Stool.-This is one of the best known remedies 
for chronic diarrhoea, especially where the stools are worse in the 
afternoon and evening; stpols black, fetid, and muco-purulent. 
Chronic diarrhoea, with inflammation of the mucous membrane 
of the colon, and hepatic derangement very prominent. Stools 
of mucus, with much abdominal pain. 
"Black, profuse, papescent, tar-like, very fetid stools, generally 
in the afternoon and evening."-Hale. 
Very profuse, black, fetid stools that ran in a stream from my 
bowels, preceded by severe abdominal pain. 
Constant aching distress in the umbilicus, with stools of mu- 
cus and black faecal matter; or pure mucus. 
Stools of mucus and fetid matter, with great goneness in the 
epigastrium, with much emaciation and debility. 
Congestion of the portal circulation; with constant distress in 
the lower part of the epigastrium, and upper portion of the um- 
bilical region, with frequent sharp, cutting pains, with white stools. 
Liver.-Congestion of the liver, with an icterode condition, 
yellow-coated tongue and brown urine. 
Aching pains in the liver, especially in the region of the gall- 
bladder ; stools with lack of bile. 
It has cured many cases of jaundice. 
Gall-Stones.-From the great increase of the solids of the 
bile, and especially the elimination of cholesterine by Leptandra, 
it ought to prove one of our most useful remedies for the cure of 
gall-stones. 
"Hepatic disease, periodical every two or three months; yel- 
low-coated tongue, constant nausea, with vomiting of bile ; shoot- 
ing, aching pains in the liver; loss of appetite ; brownish urine ; 
pain in the transverse colon; vertigo, with dark, almost black, 
► stools."-Dr. Neidhard. 570 
LILIUM TIGRINL'M. 
LILIUM TIGRINUM. 
Tiger Lily. 
Habitat: America, China, etc. Tincture of fresh plant during inflorescence, Class I. 
Antidotes.-Helon., Puls., Nux vom. 
Through the spina] nervous system, Lilium has three special centers 
of action: 
I. Sexual Organs, Female. Congestion; Hyperesthesia. 
II. Posterior Spinal Cord. Hyperesthesia. 
III. Heart. Reflex Excitability. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Lilium acts upon the ovaries and 
uterus, producing irritation, congestion, sub-acute inflammation, 
and a bearing-down in the uterine region as if everything would 
press out of the vagina ; it also has some action upon the mammae, 
as shown by the cutting, darting pains in these glands. 
Dr. Hale, says: "The sphere of action of the Lilium is clear 
and unmistakable. The symptoms all point to the reproductive 
organs as the starting point of its pathogenetic effects. Study 
first its direct effect on the ovaries, the uterus, and the homol- 
ogous organs in the male. In all, it causes a series of pathologi- 
cal conditions ranging all the way from simple functional irrita- 
tion up to sub-acute inflammation, and, finally, nearly all the uter- 
ine displacements. 
"But the action does not stop here. Through its action on the 
reflex nervous system, which it renders excessively sensitive, a 
host of sympathetic symptoms occur. Nearly every organ and 
tissue in the body, even the mental sphere, becomes involved in 
the general and widespread irritation. Select almost any symp- 
tom at random from the pathogenesis, and you will be able to 
trace it back to its origin in the generative organs. ... A study 
of the provings does not render it certain which organ, the uterus 
or ovary, is first affected. As the ovary is the real center of the 
reproductive organs, it is probable that it is really the organ first 
affected. 
"The leucorrhoea of Lilium is peculiar in its character, being 
acrid and excoriating, causing a rash on the labia, and an intense LILIUM TIGRINUM. 
571 
irritation of the whole vaginal canal, even to mt/iniiis. As this 
kind of leucorrhoea is indicative of mucous inflammation, it follows 
that Lilium is indicated in all the inflammations of the genera- 
tive canal, from the mouth of the vagina to the end of the Fallo- 
pian tubes." 
Lilium has cured many cases of incipient tumors of the gen- 
erative organs, according to reports ; but these reports were prob- 
ably due to mistakes in diagnosis, or related to cases of simple 
enlargement of the ovaries. In neuralgia of the ovaries, however, 
congestion and hypertrophy of the ovaries and uterus, ante and 
retroversion, prolapsus uteri, and various mechanical displace- 
ments from congestion and sub-involution, Lilium has done 
wonders. 
Dose and Duration of Action.-The middle and higher poten- 
cies seem to have done the best; and it is claimed by Dr. Dunham 
that its curative action sometimes takes days or weeks to show 
itself, which should be remembered when this drug is given. 
Heart.-Through reflex action, the functions of the heart 
are much depressed, or it is in a state of great excitability. Lil- 
ium has been found useful in cardiac irritability caused by irrita- 
tion of the generative organs. 
Dr. Payne, of Bath, Me., has the honor of introducing this 
valuable remedy to the profession; and it will be a monument to 
his name for ages to come. 
T herapeutic In di v i dual ity. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Bearing-down in the lower part 
of the abdomen; worse when standing, with pressure upon the 
perinaeum, relieved by pressing the hand against the vulva."-IF. 
E. Payne, M. D. 
"Severe pressure in the rectum and anus."-Payne. 
Prolapsus uteri, with bearing-down sensation, accompanied 
with palpitation of the heart, and ovarialgia. 
Persistent bearing-down in the uterine region, and a feeling as 
if the pelvic viscera, indeed, the whole abdominal contents, were 
being dragged downward, even from the chest and shoulders, 
through the vagina; with a constant desire to support the parts 
by pressing the hand against the vulva. 
In uterine displacements caused by congestion and enlarge- 
ment of this organ, Lilium relieves the congestion and cures the 
displacement. 572 
LILIUM TIGRINUM. 
Ovarian and uterine neuralgia relieved by pressure. 
"Menses ceased to fiow when she ceased walking."-D. 
Menses usually scanty, similar to Pulsatilla ; wants to die, and 
knows not why; with yellow-brown, excoriating leucorrhoea. 
"Slow recovery after confinement; lochia too long; uterus re- 
mains large; must support the vulva to prevent everything from 
escaping; worse from motion."-Dr. Farrington. 
"Mammae tender, cutting pains through left scapula."-Hg. 
Morning sickness, with frequent, copious urination, and pal- 
pitation of the heart. 
Urinary Organs.-"Continual pressure on the bladder; wants 
to'urinate all the time, voiding but little."-D. 
"Frequent desire to urinate during the day, with scanty dis- 
charge, and smarting in the urethra after urinating."-Payne. 
Digestive Organs.-"Pressure in the rectum, with almost 
constant desire to go to stool."-Dr. L. M. Kenyon. 
"Sensation as if a diarrhoea would come on, early in the 
morning; desire so urgent can not wait a moment, with griping 
pains and urging in the rectum, followed by smarting of the 
anus."-Payne. 
Drinks often and much ; longs for meat."-Dr. Farrington. 
Head.-Depression of spirits; weeps much and very timid." 
-Payne. 
"Constant hurried feeling as of imperative duties, and utter 
inability to perform them during the sexual excitement."-D. 
Profound mental depression, with frontal headache, is a lead- 
ing key-note for this drug, from uterine displacements. 
Chest and Heart.-"Dull pressive pain in the region of the 
heart, with feeling of a load or weight on the chest."-D. 
"Fluttering and palpitation of the heart."-D. 
"Heart feels as if squeezed in a vise, alternately grasped and 
released."-D. 
Heart feels full to bursting, from congestion and much flut- 
tering ; reflex heart affections. 
Aggravation.-At night. 
Amelioration.-Day-time; fresh air, and keeping busy. LYCOPODIUM CLAVATL'M. 
573 
LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM. 
Club Moss. 
Habitat: Europe. AMa, America. Trituration of the Spores. 
Antidotes.-Camph.. Caust., Graph., Puls., Cham., Aeon., CoS. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Lycopodium has five 
special centers of action: 
I. Mucous Membranes. Atony; Catarrhal Inflammation. 
II. Skin. Brown Liver Spots; Papules; Eczema. 
III. Digestive Organs. Slow Digestion; Flatulence; Constipation. 
IV. Liver. Congestion; Hypertrophy. 
V. Lymphatic Glandular S. Atony; Congestion; Induration. 
Mucous Membranes.-Lycopodium acts powerfully upon the 
mucous membranes of the lungs and of the kidneys, producing 
an atonic state, with congestion, catarrhal inflammation, and 
copious mucous discharges. 
Kidneys.-Acting upon the kidneys and bladder, Lycopo- 
dium produces frequent painful micturition and cloudy, sediment- 
ous urine, like brick-dust, and sometimes with mucus and blood. 
"Dr. Arnold says that he has seen in several cases an increase 
in the secretion of urine on the administration of Lycopodium, 
especially when any dropsical affection was present, with dimi- 
nution of urine. 
"Lycopodium affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory, 
digestive, and genito-urinary organs, and makes the digestive 
process slow; hence, wind, water, and acidity."-Dr. C. Dunham. 
Skin.-The skin becomes unhealthy, with itching papular 
eruption ; with brown liver spots, or eczematous, suppurating in- 
flammation, with swollen cervical glands, and sluggishness of the 
peripheric activities. 
Digestive Organs.-Lycopodium produces slow, irregular 
digestion, flatulence and constipation; also congestion of the 
liver, with all of its concomit'ants, constipation, flatulence, etc. 574 
LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM. 
Lymphatic Glandular System.-The glands of the neck 
become swollen and indurated, there is slow degeneration of the 
skin, and a general atonic condition of the lymphatic system 
prevails. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Urinary Organs.-Urinary secretion diminished, with red 
sand in the urine. 
"I find it the best medicine where the patient is suffering from 
an excess of lithic acid or from gravel, and look upon the copious 
sediments of this nature as one of the most unerring indications 
for its choice in dyspepsia."-Hughes. 
"Terrific pain in the back previous to every urination, with 
relief as soon as the urine begins to flow."-G. 
"Red sand in the child's diaper."-G. [Prominent key-note.] 
"Smarting and burning when passing water, in the female 
urethra, or drawing, cutting pains through the urethra toward 
the abdomen. Painless discharge of blood through urethra."-D. 
"Produces lithic acid deposit in quantities ; hence pains in the 
kidneys and bladder."-D. [Frequent urination.] 
Calculus, with haematuria, urinates quantities of clotted blood ; 
renal colic from the passage of small calculi (Lycopodium is 
often useful here), the pain of a burning, cutting character; urine 
dark and fetid. 
"Before passing water, the child screams with pain; red sand 
in the urine. Urine scanty, dark red, albuminous, with stran- 
Mouth and Throat.-"The teeth are painful when chewing 
or when touched, as if suppurating, exceedingly sensitive."-Hah. 
"Tongue coated white."-Dr. 0. Huber. [Sour taste.] 
"Numerous blisters on the tongue."-Hah. 
Troublesome ulcers under the tongue ; vesicles on the tongue. 
"Great dryness of the mouth."-Hah. 
Bitter or sour taste, with slow digestion and flatulence. 
Swelling and suppuration of the tonsils and glands. 
"Feeling as if a ball rose from below up in the throat."-Hah. 
"Feeling of contraction in throat; nothing goes down."-Hah. 
Food and drink regurgitate through the nose. 
Accumulation of mucus in the throat, with much hawking. 
"Great sensitiveness of the submaxillary glands."-Koehler. 
"Diseases of the throat that begin on the right side and go 
to the left."-Lippe. LYCOPODIUM CLAVATL'M. 
575 
Stomach and Abdomen.-Hunger remains immediately after 
eating, though stomach and abdomen are full and tense."-Hah. 
"Excessive appetite, followed by distention of abdomen."-G. 
"She can not eat at all; is constantly satiated and without 
appetite; whatever she eats, goes against her, even to vomiting." 
-Hah. 
"Sudden satiety, great thirst."-Dr. E. Koehler. [Hiccough.] 
"Sour eructations, the taste of which does not remain in the 
mouth; but the acid gnaws in the stomach."-Hah. 
The great characteristic for its use in the digestive organs is 
excessive accumulation of flatulence, with sour vomiting. 
"She has a constant sensation of satiety, takes no food, and, if 
asked why, replies, she wants nothing, because she is full, and 
the least morsel causes sensation of fullness up to the throat."-G. 
"Cramp in the stomach, which is much distended."-Hah. 
Digestion proceeds very slowly, with flatulence and acidity. 
Excessive pressure in the stomach as if having eaten too much. 
"Much borborygmus, particularly in left hypochondrium."-G. 
"Constant sense of fermentation in the abdomen, like a pot of 
yeast working."-G. [Continual rolling of gas very characteristic.] 
"Incarcerated flatulence, with tympanitic state of the abdomen, 
occurring chiefly in old people."-Dr. Bayes. 
"Much flatus seems to accumulate here and there in the abdo- 
men, in the hypochondria, even in the back, in the region of the 
ribs and chest, causing tension and bubbling, relieved by empty 
eructations. This is the leading symptom of Lycopodium."-Hah. 
Great accumulation of flatus in the small intestines, with slow 
digestion. 
"Acidity and heartburn, with unconquerable sleep after din- 
ner."-Baue. 
Enteritis in infants, caused by indigestion. 
Stool and Anus.-"Constipation; almost impossible to evac- 
uate the stools."-G. 
Constipation must be a prominent symptom when Lycopo- 
dium is indicated, with spasmodic constriction of the anus, pre- 
venting stool. 
Aching and pressure in the rectum; worse nights, with bleed- 
ing piles. 
"Rectum contracts, and protrudes during hard stool, with 
stitches in the rectum."-Hg. 
"Varices protrude; very painful to the touch."-Hg. 576 
LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM. 
Hypochondria.-Lycopodium is of great value in chronic 
hepatic congestions, where the liver is very tender on pressure. 
"Can not eat to satiety, because it produces a distressed feeling 
in the hepatic region."-Hah. 
"Region of the liver sensitive to contact; sore aching as if 
from a shock."-Hg. 
"Tension in the region of the liver, as from a cord; can not 
stretch, or stand upright."-Hg. [Chronic hypertrophy.] 
"Hepatitis, chronic forms; abscesses; fan-like motion of the 
alae nasi; one hot and one cold foot."-Hg. 
"Violent gall-stone colic."-Hg. [Excellent prophylactic.] 
"Nutmeg liver, atrophic form."-Hg. [Ascites.] 
"Especially often, the aching pressure in the region of the 
liver, like a dull, tensive, aching pressure, on respiration, on 
bending the body, or on pressure with the hand, sometimes ex- 
tending to the left side of the abdomen or down the hip."-D. 
[Chronic ascites.] 
"Pain in the back and right side, from congestion of the liver, 
often yields rapidly to Lycopodium 6th."-Dr. Bayes. 
Dr. Pope says, that, in old hepatic congestions, he has found 
Lycopodium more useful than any other medicine. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-For impotence in the male, Lyco- 
podium high is the best remedy in the Materia Medica. Organs 
cold and relaxed, with indigestion and great despondency. 
"Impotence, penis small, cold, relaxed, after onanism."-Hg. 
"Excessive and exhausting pollutions."-Hg. 
"Sexual desire and power diminished markedly in males."-D. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too profuse, and of too 
long duration; inclined to be late, with great sadness before the 
periods. 
Chronic suppression of menses, from tuberculosis or cancer. 
Sudden suppression from fright, with cutting pains from right 
to left ovary; dryness of the vagina. 
"Profuse leucorrhcea, with cutting pains across the right side 
to the left".-G. [With much flatulence.] 
"Chronic dryness of the vagina."-G. 
"Discharge of wind from the vagina."-G. 
"Ovaries diseased, right to left; ovarian tumors, ovarian 
dropsy."-Hg. [With slow digestion and great tympanitis.] 
Physometra of the uterus, similar to pregnancy, with tym- 
panitis of the whole abdomen. (Many cures.) LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM. 
577 
"Burning in the vagina during and after coition.''-Hg. 
Inflammation of the external genitals, with sharp pains run- 
ning round the labia; leucorrhoea, milky and corroding. 
"Disposition to miscarriage; moles."-Hg. 
"Dry, pediculated, painless condylomata."-Hg. 
"Nipples bleed much, and are very sore."-G. 
"Nodosities in the mammae, with stitching pains."-Hg. 
The pains of labor run upward 
Respiratory Organs.-This is a remedy of great value in or- 
ganic diseases of the lungs. Dr. Pope says: "Few medicines are 
so valuable in pulmonary phthisis as this, v|ien persistently used. 
The cough, gastric irritation, exhaustion, and intercurrent attacks 
of pleurisy, are wonderfully mitigated by it." 
Persistent catarrh, with much general weakness, and takes 
cold very easily; cold air chills him through and through. 
Passive catarrh of the air-passages, with copious expectoration. 
"Expectoration of large quantities of pus; cough day and 
night; hectic fever; circumscribed redness of the cheeks."-Haue. 
This is a grand remedy for cough, and greatly resembles Pulsa- 
tilla, Hepar sulphur, and Creosote. The cough is loose, rattling, 
but expectoration is not easy; cough sounds very loose, but the 
secretion remains in the lungs very tenaciously; sputa thick, yel- 
low, or greenish. 
"I have not failed to observe its vitalizing influence in those 
forms of bronchitis characterized by copious muco-serous or mu- 
co-purulent secretion from emphysema, dilatation of the air-tubes, 
and senile catarrh, with constant tickling cough, worse at night, 
numerous loud mucous rattles, with rare and scanty sputa, which 
are symptoms lying especially within the range of Lycopodium." 
-Dr. Meyhoffer. 
"Where the right side is more affected, the cough loose, full, 
deep, sounding as though the entire parenchyma were softened, 
the patient raising a whole mouthful of mucus at a time, which 
in color is a light rust, not much unlike that of Bryonia, but not 
so thick, more stringy and easily separated, with fan-like motion 
of the a he of the nose."-C. Pearson, M. D. 
"Dyspnoea, as if the chest were constricted by cramp."-Hah. 
Great shortness of breath during sleep, in lung affections. 
"Violent oppression of the chest, worse in open air."-Hg. 
"Neglected pneumonia; especially with continuing hepatiza- 
tion and purulent sputum ; typhoid pneumonia."-Hg. 
"Paralysis of the lungs. Hydrothorax."-Hg. 578 
LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM. 
"In tedious sequelae of pneumonia, with expectoration, it grad- 
ually stops the emaciation, hectic fever, and foul-smelling night 
sweats, given in high potency, and allowed to act for a long time, 
especially in women of great pluck, the menses may have been 
suppressed a year or more."-S. Lilienthal. 
Fan-like motion of the alae nasi in respiratory diseases of 
young people and children. 
"Hard, dry cough day and night; great emaciation and pros- 
tration."-C. Wesselhoeft. [Tuberculosis.] 
"Great emaciation of the upper part of the body, while the 
lower portion is enormously distended."-Raue. 
Skin.-General unhealthiness of the skin; dry, hot, burning, 
itching when warm; humid, suppurating eruptions. 
"Eczematous, suppurating eruption on the head, with swollen 
cervical glands."-D. [Dry porrigo of children.] 
"Plica polonica."-Hughes. [Eruptions bleed readily.] 
Grayish-yellow color of the face. (Very characteristic.) 
Head.-"Vertigo in the morning when and after rising from 
bed, so that Jie reels)back and forth."-Hah. [From indigestion.] 
"Throbbing headache, from motion or coughing."-Hah. 
"Weak memory; confused thoughts, speaks or writes 'wrong 
words and syllables."-Hah. [From perverted digestion.] 
Hair becomes gray early and falls off, from abdominal diseases. 
"One can not read, because the meaning of certain letters is 
not clear; errs in speaking, because he can not get the right 
words; but, when the subject is very important, the words are 
correctly chosen."-D. [From indigestion.] 
"Aching pressure in the occiput, or over the eyes; the head 
easily becomes cold, which produces soreness of the scalp."-D. 
Eyes.-"Disorders of nutrition and function of the deep-seated 
structures of the eye."-A. and N. 
"Of great value in hemeralopia; no drug equals Lycopodium 
in this disease, if black spots floating before the eyes accompany 
the night blindness."-A. and N. 
"Hemiopia, in which the right half of the field of vision is ob- 
scured, has been restored ; cataract has been arrested."-A. and N. 
Nightly agglutination ; styes on the lids, and chronic ulceration. 
Chronic nasal catarrh; mucous membrane swollen, can not 
breathe through it; with otorrhoea. 
Fever.-Great chilliness, can not get warm, even by a stove; 
coldness in bed as if she were lying on ice, with sour vomiting, MAGNESIA. 
579 
and thirst after the sweat; has but little heat. Hectic fever, with 
copious night sweats. 
The chill predominates; comes on evenings, without much 
heat or sweat. 
"Night sweats, cold, clammy; sour, fetid, bloody, smelling 
like onions."-Lippe. 
Sweats mostly on chest, and in the forenoon 
Aggravation.-Especially from 4 to 8 p. m.; during new 
moon ; from warmth, and from lying down. 
Amelioration.-From continued motion after midnight; fore- 
noon, and from warm food and drink. 
MAGNESIA. 
Epsom Salts. 
Chemical Preparation. Trituration. 
We use the Carbonate and Muriate more than any other form. 
Through the filaments of the abdominal sympathetic, Magnesia has 
three special centers of action : 
I. Mucous Mem. (Intestinal.) Increased Secretions; Catharsis. 
IL Kidneys. Lithiasis; Urine Alkaline. 
III. Sexual O., Female. Atony; Menses Delayed; Scanty. 
Mucous Membranes.-Magnesia, through the filaments of the 
abdominal sympathetic, so excites the epithelial cells of the ali- 
mentary canal as to produce liquid stools, and it is generally 
known as a mild antacid laxative, but, if it is used continually for 
a short time, will produce sub-acute inflammation. 
Magnesia has an advantage over nearly every other laxative, 
in that it is tasteless, and rarely causes nausea, vomiting, or colic. 
Its action is slow, requiring six to eight hours. The stools are not 
debilitating, and have but little odor. The dose, as a laxative for 
a child one year old, is from five to twenty-five grains; for an 
adult, half a drachm to an ounce. If taken for a long time, in- 
stances have been recorded where concretions of immense size 
have formed in the intestines. 580 
CARBONATE OF MAGNESIA. 
The Sulphate of Magnesia, experiments have shown, actually 
withdraws fluid from the veins. This is proved by the rapid 
way in which a small portion of intestine isolated from the rest 
of the tube becomes filled with watery fluid, when the drug is in- 
troduced into it. 
Magnesia has a great capacity for neutralizing acid in the 
intestinal canal. 
Kidneys.-Through its action on the kidneys, Magnesia will 
destroy the acidity of the urine, and, if taken for some time, reverse 
its quality and cause a deposit of the earthy phosphates in the 
form of white sand. This should be a hint to us for its use in 
Uthiasis. Cases of diabetes mellitus have been reported cured by 
Eberle. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Here Magnesia produces an atonic 
condition of the ovaries, with delayed and scanty menstruation, 
and catarrhal inflammation. 
CARBONATE OF MAGNESIA. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-Saliva bloody; stinging pains and 
much mucus in the throat; bitter, sour taste. 
Desire for acid fruit, or meat, aversion to green food. 
Sour eructations, the whole child smells sour; great thirst, 
especially evenings, in cholera infantum. 
Catarrhal diseases of the intestinal canal with sour stools, 
resembling the green of a frog-pond. 
"Green, sour-smelling diarrhoea, lasting a long time; many 
stools day and night."-G. 
Watery, sour, green, frothy stools (in cholera infantum). 
"Much colic, relieved by a green liquid stool."-G. 
"Diarrhoea of greenish water, with great distention of the abdo- 
men."-Hah. 
Intolerable pains in the rectum as if pierced by numerous 
needles. 
Excessive distention of the abdomen; sour diarrhoea. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too late or quite suppressed, 
or too frequent and too profuse, especially at night. 
"Menses dark, acid, and thick; washed out with great diffi- 
culty."- G. MAGNESIA MURIATICA. 
581 
"Menses too frequent and too profuse; blood dark and thick; 
especially worse at night."-D. 
"Menses flow only in the absence of pain and at night."-G. 
"Has a sore throat during every menstruation."-G. 
At the commencement of the menses, has a heavy headache; 
coryza, pale face, drawing pains in the sides, and great lassitude. 
"All her symptoms are aggravated every third week."-G. 
Watery leucorrhoea after the menses. 
Head.-"Sad and disconsolate."-G. 
"Much pain in the head and right shoulder; she can hardly 
raise the right arm."-G. 
Congestion of blood to the head, with pressive frontal head- 
ache. 
Tetter on the scalp, that causes the hair to fall out. 
Face dirty, dark yellow; frequent congestion of blood to head. 
Eyes.-Agglutination of the eyelids in the morning. 
Generalities.-From indigestion, "disposition to furuncles 
and headache; tongue coated dirty yellow."-G. 
"Insupportable pains during repose; she must get up and 
walk about."-G. 
"The knees are painful when walking."-G. 
"(Edema of the feet up to the calves."-G. 
"Chilliness in bed, as if washed with cold water."-Allen. 
"Great heat at night, can scarcely remain in bed, yet dreads 
the slightest exposure."-Allen. 
"Great aversion to being uncovered."-Allen. 
"Sour-smelling, oily perspiration; difficult to wash off."-Hah. 
Aggravation.-Morning; motion, and rainy weather. 
Amelioration.-Afternoon; evening, and slight motion. 
MAGNESIA MIIUATICA. 
Therapeutic Individuality 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-This is one of the most useful 
remedies in the Materia Medica when the stools are difficult, 
crumbling as they are voided. 
"Constipation of large, difficult stools, crumbling as they pass 
the verge of the anus."-G. 582 
MAGNESIA MURIATICA. 
"Stools difficult to evacuate, in small pieces like sheep-dung." 
-Hartlaub. 
Cramps and drawing pains in the abdomen at night. 
"Continual rising of white froth into the mouth."-G. 
"Slow dentition, with large, distended abdomen."-G. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Much excited at the menstrual 
crisis."-G. 
Uterine spasms extending to the thighs."-G. [Menses black 
and clotted.] 
"Leucorrhcea after every stool."-G. [Os uteri indurated.] 
"Hysterical complaints and spasmodic turns; many spasms 
day and night; with great sleeplessness and fainting fits."-G. 
Urinary Organs.-"Emissions of urine accomplished only by 
exertion of the abdominal muscles."-Hah. 
Generalities,-Great disposition to take cold. 
"Much weakness of the limbs."-G. 
"Swelling of glands, blood boils" (Lippe), from indigestion. 
"Dreams of robbers in the house; on awaking, will not believe 
to the contrary until search is made."-G. 
Affections of the right side, with indurated liver. 
Aggravation.-During night; from cold, and out of bed. 
Amelioration.-During day; from warmth, and in bed. MANGANUM. 
583 
MANGANUM. 
Manganese. 
Chemical preparation. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Merc., Coil., Iron. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Manganese has six 
special centers of action: 
I. Mucous Membranes. Congestion; Increased Secretions. 
II. Liver. Cholagogue; Inflammation; Fatty Degeneration. 
III. Blood. Destruction of Red Corpuscles; Ancemia. 
IV. Bones. (Periosteum.) Very Sensitive; Inflammation. 
V. Skin. Yelloiv, Moldy, Fissured; Excoriations; Suppuration. 
VI. Cerebro-Spinal System. Paralysis; Progressive Emaciation. 
Gastro-Intestinal Mucous Membrane.-"The Sulphate has 
an extremely disagreeable styptic and metallic taste, the Black 
Oxide less so, and the saccharated Carbonate is free from any 
taste, except that of the sugar. The preparations of Manganese 
are somewhat irritant to the gastro-intestinal mucous membrane, 
and the Sulphate is emeto-cathartic in full doses. In small doses, 
the Manganic salts promote the appetite and digestive function." 
-Bartholow. 
Liver.-It has been fully demonstrated, both on man and 
animals, that the Sulphate of Manganese has a powerful effect 
upon the liver. In fact, it is one of our most powerful chola- 
■gogues; not only is the bile greatly increased, but inflammation 
•of the liver is a marked symptom in animals poisoned with the 
drug. Bartholow says: "There seems to be no doubt that the 
Sulphate has a decided cholagogue effect; for a very large dis- 
charge of bile is a result of its cathartic action. . . . Like 
Phosphorus, Manganese induces acute fatty degeneration of the 
liver." It also has an influence upon the spleen, as shown by its 
great power to reduce the hypertrophy of this organ in chronic 
malarial poisoning. In doses of from one to two drachms, it acts 
as a purgative. 
Blood.-"The intimate association of Manganese with Iron 
throughout the economy of nature is exemplified in the human 584 
MANGANUM. 
body. They are found together in the blood, hair, bile, biliary 
concretions, and renal calculi. The proportion of Manganese to 
Iron in the red blood-corpuscles, is as one to twenty. As an 
essential constituent of the blood, it undoubtedly has to do with 
the constructive metamorphosis of the body."-Bartholow. 
It acts upon the red globules and plasma of the blood, de- 
stroying their vitality and thereby causing anaemia, and is of much 
value in anaemia, and nervous affections due to impoverishment 
of the blood. 
Osseous System.-The bones become exceedingly sensitive to 
the touch, with inflammation of both bones and periosteum, with 
insupportable digging pains at night, and great weakness of the 
joints. 
Skin.-The skin becomes yellow, moldy, and blotchy; every 
injury tends to suppuration; excoriations, soreness, and Assures 
in the bends of the joints; jaundice. In jaundice of malarial 
origin, or from catarrh of the biliary passages, Bartholow has 
seen excellent results from Manganese. 
Cerebro-Spiiial System.-Pereira has observed, that, in 
workmen engaged in the manufacture of Manganese, it produces 
paralysis of the motor nerves, beginning with paraplegia, without 
colic or constipation, which makes it differ from Lead. Bar- 
tholow says: "Used in large doses and for a considerable period 
of time, it produces effects analogous to those of Zinc,-pro- 
gressive wasting and feebleness, a staggering gait, and paralysis 
(paraplegia). In toxic doses, according to the researches of Lasch- 
kewitsch, it causes in animals death by convulsions." Accord- 
ing to the same author, poisonous doses cause death by paralysis 
of the heart; and, when injected into the veins of animals, 
it causes tetanic cramp, dilatation of the pupil, exophthalmia 
and death; and after death the heart-muscle does not respond to 
electrical stimulation. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Blood.-Manganese is a close analogue of Iron,' and will be 
found adapted to similar diseases. I have given it in anaemia 
with excellent results. Dr. T. J. Comstock gives the Deutoxide 
of Manganese in chlorosis, if gastric disturbances and loss of 
appetite predominate. 
Bones.-Very sensitive to the touch, with intolerable digging 
pains at night. Inflammation of the joints. MANGANUM. 
585 
"The bones are very sensitive; red spots on the skin from 
inflammation of the bone ; ankles are particularly affected; chil- 
dren are unable to walk."-G. 
Periosteal inflammation extremely painful at night. 
Rheumatism.-"Rheumatic affections about the joints, with red, 
shiny swellings."-Lippe. 
Skin.-Chronic suppurations of the skin, especially about the 
joints ; every injury tends to suppurate ; copious night sweats. 
"Every part of body feels extremely sore when touched."-Ilg. 
Malignant ulcers, with blue border following slight injury. 
Jaundice from inflammation of the liver. 
Digestive Organs.-It is very useful in gastric diseases and 
liver affections. I would suggest that it be given a thorough trial 
in biliary calculi, it increases the bile sb much. 
Weakly people, with much pain in the stomach after eating. 
Burning in the stomach or pressing soreness in the epigas- 
trium ; gastrodynia and pyrosis; nausea and vomiting. 
Cutting in the umbilical region, with great tympanitis ; bowels 
appear loose and shake about; stools of bile and water. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Especially useful in sexual debility; 
and the Iodide of Manganese has been found of great value in 
secondary syphilis. 
Sexual weakness, with pain in the spermatic cord, and urging 
to urinate; much itching of the scrotum. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early and too scanty 
in anaemic females ; much bearing-down pain. 
Sudden flushes of heat at the climacteric. 
Respiratory Organs.-"Deep cough without expectoration, 
ceasing on lying down."-Ruckert. 
"Hard, difficult, dry cough, with irritation in middle of ster- 
num ; expectorates with difficulty lumps of mucus; easy expec- 
toration in the morning."-Dr. G. M. Ockford. 
Haemoptysis with much anaemia, and palpitation of the heart. 
Reading aloud causes a dry cough, with much irritation. 
"Rawness in the larynx; voice hoarse; breath hot and burn- 
ing."-Jessen. 
Chronic nasal catarrh; nostrils much stuffed up; sore to the 
touch, and worse in the evening; bloody discharges. 
Catarrh of the Eustachian tube, with stitching pains and 
whizzing noises in the ears, from catarrh. 
"Deafness as if the ears were stopped."-Langhammer. 586 
MERCURIUS. 
Ill humor; weeping, very despondent; sudden palpitation. 
Paralysis, from decay of anterior portion of spinal cord. 
Aggravation.-In the night; from talking (cough), from 
touch; while lying on a feather bed. 
Amelioration.-In the open air. 
MERCURIUS. 
Hydrargyrum, or Quicksilver. 
An element found in Europe, Asia, America, etc. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Potash, Iodine, Hep., Atro., Nit. acid, Aur., Mez., Pilocarpin. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Mercury affects the 
whole system, penetrating every organ and tissue, but selects more par- 
ticularly the following sixteen tissues for its special centers of action : 
I. Lymphatic G. System. Paral.; Congest'n; Inflam.; Ulcer. 
II. Salivary Glands. Salivation; Excessive Fetor. 
III. Pancreas. Salivation; Conges.; Inflamma.; Hypertrophy. 
IV. Liver. Secretion of Bile Greatly Increased; Jaundice. 
V. Kidneys. Congestion; Inflam mat'n; Albuminuria; Diabetes. 
VI. Mucous Membrane. (Intestinal.) Conges.; Inflam.; Hem. 
VII. Intestinal Canal. Increased Peristalsis; Catharsis. 
VIII. Mucous Membranes. (Air-Passages.) Catarrhal Inflam. 
IX. Eyes. Congestion; Inflammation; Ulceration; Iritis. 
X. Serous Membranes. Inflammation; Effusion. 
XL Periosteum. (Fibrous Tis.) Conges.; Inflam.; Rheumat. 
XII. Bones. Inflammation; Caries; Nightly Bone-Pain. 
XIII. Blood. Decom'd; Fibrine, Albumen, Red Globules, Decreas'd. 
XIV. Skin. Vesicular and Pustular Eczema; Jaundice. 
XV. Sexual 0., Fem. Menorrhagia; Amenorrhoea; Miscarriage. 
XVI. Cerebro-Spinal System. Shaking Palsy; Neuroses. 
Lymphatic Glandular System.-As the lymphatic system 
is the grand center and starting point for the action of Mercury, 
it will not be out of place to give a general view of the anatomy MERCURIUS. 
587 
and physiology of these glands. After the food has been duly 
masticated and impregnated with saliva, it is chymified in the 
stomach, and chylified in the duodenum. Then the great lym- 
phatic system takes up this chyliferous food by absorption, and 
prepares it for the nutrition of the body. 
"The chyliferous tubes in the small intestines, generally des- 
ignated as lacteals, do not differ from the lymphatic vessels, 
properly speaking, since their anatomical structure is entirely the 
same. 
"Lymphatics, like the great venous system, to which the lym- 
phatic system bears a very close resemblance, are distributed 
throughout every portion of the animal economy. They arise 
by a network of such delicate-structure, that, when injected with 
Mercury, the whole surface appears changed into a metallic layer. 
With these networks, the lymphatic vessels communicate; in 
other words, these networks are said to constitute the closed ex- 
tremities by which all the lymphatics of free surfaces, such as the 
mucous, serous, and synovial membranes, the skin, and the lining 
membi'anes of the arteries and veins, arise. 
"It is in these lymphatic vessels, that the chyle and lymph 
circulate, and are gradually conducted to their common reser- 
voirs, the right and left thoracic ducts, which discharge their con- 
tents into the right and left subclavian veins. The circulation of 
the fluids in the lymphatic vessels, is carried on through the con- 
tractility with which the coats of the lymphatics are endowed. 
"For a long time it has been a mooted point wdiether the great 
lymphatic ducts in the right and left side of the thorax are the 
only channels of communication between the lymphatic and the 
venous systems ; or whether the lymphatics communicate with the 
veins directly. Mascagni, taught the former doctrine ; Magendie, on 
the contrary, maintained that the veins likewise perform the 
function of absorption. 
"The views to which Messrs. Fohmann and Lauth were led 
by their researches, seem to me, the most plausible. They believe, 
that, besides the termination of the thoracic ducts in the subcla- 
vian veins, there are two other modes of communication between 
the lymphatic and the venous systems; first, a communication 
of the lymphatic radicles with the radicles of the veins, which is 
supposed to take place in the substance of organs; and, secondly, 
a communication between the lymphatics and veins in the body 
of the lymphatic glands. 
"Whatever may be the exact character of the bond of union 
between the lymphatics and veins, one thing we know, that the 588 
MERCURIUS. 
functions of the lymphatic system are preliminary to those of the 
veins. It is in the lymphatics that the living organism begins the 
great process.of nutrition, and prepares suitable material for the 
tissues. 
"We have now arrived at the point where our doctrine of the 
physiological action and the therapeutic uses of Mercury becomes 
an intelligible formula, invested with logical consistency, and 
fraught with important and beautiful results. It is the lymphatic 
system which Mercury chooses for its point of attack in the living 
organism; and it is in the lymphatic system that Mercury meets the 
inimical morbid force when called upon to combat and subdue it. 
"Mercury acts upon the-lymphatic capillaries, as Aconite does 
upon the capillaries of the venous system. It diminishes, pros- 
trates, and paralyzes their irritability, producing a series of phe- 
nomena in the lymphatic system exactly similar to the phenom- 
ena which Aconite causes in the circulatory apparatus. These are 
phenomena of congestion, attended with symptoms of vascular 
excitement, similar to, and yet different from, the phenomena of 
vascular erethism characterizing true congestions of the sanguin- 
eous capillaries. 
"It is from the lymphatic system that the veins derive, in a 
measure, their power of manifesting vital phenomena. If the 
lymphatics become clogged, or, to use a more classical term, cor- 
gested or engorged, must not the torpor of the lymphatic radicles 
react upon the radicles of the venous system? What the venous 
system is to the arterial, that the lymphatic system is in a 
measure to the veins. Torpor of the sanguineous capillaries may 
lead to acute congestions or inflammations. If this engorgement 
reaches the venous capillaries through the lymphatic system, the 
phenomena of congestion or inflammation are of a milder type, 
the accompanying fever is less acute, and the pulse, instead of 
being full, hard, bounding, and rapid, as it always is in true inflam- 
mation, preserves a certain softness, and only becomes moderately 
accelerated. 
"Considering that the lymphatics are distributed throughout 
every tissue and organ of the animal economy, is it difficult to 
understand that torpor and engorgements of these vessels may 
lead to an almost interminable series of disorders? Enlarge- 
ment and induration of glands, effusions into the cellular tissue, 
suppurations and ulcerations of every tissue through which lym- 
phatic vessels are distributed, and, finally, a universal decay of 
every organic structure, may be the ultimate consequences of 
lymphatic weakness and obstructions."-Dr. C. J. Hempel. MERCL'RIUS. 
589 
Salivary Glands.-In describing its action upon the salivary 
glands, it will be more practical to give its whole action upon the 
buccal cavity, which will include much of its action upon the 
mucous membrane of the mouth. 
"Of all the usual effects of the full Mercurial operation, saliva- 
tion is the most striking. Immediately preceding it, there is often 
an erethism of the system, in which, besides the increase of the 
secretions, or even before this takes place, the patient experiences 
loss of appetite, has a quick and frequent pulse, and manifests 
unwonted nervous excitability. If the salivation is profuse, this 
state may become strongly marked. The first evidence that the 
system is becoming Mercurialized is shown by a metallic or cop- 
perish taste in the mouth and some soreness when the teeth are 
smartly struck together. The breath has, at the same time, a 
characteristic fetor [caused by perverted secretions of the lym- 
phatic glandular system]. A red line may also be observed along 
the attachment of the gums to the teeth of the lower jaw. The 
redness extends gradually to the whole gingival surface, and more 
or less to the cheeks, lips, tongue, and fauces; the tongue is 
coated with a whitish slime, has a sodden look, and bears upon its 
edges the imprint of the teeth. The salivary glands become 
swollen and tender, their secretion is augmented and of a ropy 
consistence, usually alkaline in its reaction and of a penetrating 
taste and smell. Several pints of saliva may be discharged in 
twenty-four hours. When Mercurial salivation is excessive, these 
symptoms sometimes reach a distressing degree. The swelling 
of the mouth and tongue renders deglutition and speech difficult, 
if not impossible; extensive ulcers, sometimes coated with false 
membrane, attack the gums, cheeks, and fauces, and, in healing, 
may cause permanent adhesions of contiguous parts; oedema of 
the glottis may occur; the breath becomes insufferably fetid ; the 
teeth loosen and fall out, and caries may attack the remaining 
teeth, and even the maxillary bones. 
"In some rare instances, salivation recurs at remote periods 
from the original affection. Dr. Strong, of Boston, relates the 
case of a lady who, eighteen years before his report, was salivated 
in the month of October. The following February, while using 
Fowler's solution, she was again salivated, and thenceforth, 
although she took no more Mercury, except once by mistake, she 
had annually a recurrence of salivation in the same months as 
at first, but with gradually decreasing severity. In each attack 
the symptoms were perfectly well characterized. 
"Although infants and young children are seldom salivated, 
certain exceptions to this rule must be admitted. Dr. J. B. Beck 590 
MERCURIUS. 
collected a number of cases which prove that children can be sal- 
ivated. He saw a child five years old, profusely salivated by five 
grains of Calomel. Clark met with three cases in children under 
three years of age; and Percival, one, in which the effect was 
produced in a child seven months old, by Mercurial inunction. 
Champouillon reports the cases of two infants, one eleven, the 
other twelve months old, who were actively salivated by fractional 
doses of Calomel. Canstatt mentions a boy ten years old wdio 
was salivated by working at the trade of mirror silvering. Dr. 
Piush refers to seven instances of death from Mercury given as a 
sialagogue to children between three and eight years of age. Dr. 
S. Jackson saw three cases of children under seven years of age, 
in each of wnom there was a loss of several teeth with their alve- 
oli, in consequence of Calomel being given as a purge in remittent 
fever. In a fourth case, that of a child three years old, salivation 
was caused by the application of Mercurial ointment to the face 
to prevent the pitting of confluent small-pox. Dr. Blair met with 
a case of severe salivation from Calomel in a boy ten years of age. 
"It has been made a question whether Mercurial salivation is 
not dependent upon the irritation of the gums and mucous mem- 
brane of the mouth; and that it sometimes is so, has already 
been admitted, and illustrated by facts. No doubt, also, salivation 
usually follows various irritations of this membrane, such as arise 
from dentition, decayed teeth, and variolous pustules within the 
cavity of the mouth. It is, perhaps, also true that a portion of the 
quickening influence attributed to Mercury upon the secretions of 
the liver and pancreas may be due to its irritation of the stomach 
and duodenum. But that salivation is not necessarily dependent 
on any such reflected irritation, is proved by the fact that medicines 
which do not affect the mouth sometimes occasion salivation; 
such, for example, as Iodine, Iodide of Potassium, Tartar emetic, 
Arsenic, Nitric acid, Digitalis, and Copper. Indeed, Mercury 
itself occasionally salivates without previously causing inflamma- 
tion of the mouth; and, when it is added that Mercury can be 
obtained from the saliva, bile, and pancreatic juice of persons or 
animals that have been salivated, no doubt can be entertained 
that salivation is due, almost if not quite, exclusively, to the 
direct operation of the metal conveyed by the blood of these 
glands, or that the blood itself is so changed by its action on the 
lymphatics as to produce the salivation. 
"Besides the tendency of ulcers on any part of the body to 
assume an unhealthy appearance, and even to become gangre- 
nous, and of contiguous portions of the cutis-e. g., of the buttocks, MERCURIUS. 
591 
the thighs, etc.-to suffer excoriation, the constitutional action of 
Mercury may develop ulcers in the buccal cavity, upon the gums, 
the inner surface of the lips and cheeks, and the tongue, gener- 
ally attended with salivation. These ulcers usually advance from 
within outward, raising and then casting off the epithelium, and 
exposing a red and irritable surface which secretes an acrid fluid. 
They are irregular in shape, without defined edges, bleed readily,, 
have a dirty, whitish surface, are surrounded with a dark halo, 
and are apt to run together. Syphilitic ulcers, on the contrary, 
are more frequently circular, attack the posterior rather than the 
anterior portion of the mouth, present defined margins, with a 
copperish hue of the surrounding membrane, and are not apt to- 
extend from the primary seat. It is true, that, under the action 
of Mercury, syphilitic ulcers may lose their characteristic appear- 
ance, and render the diagnosis doubtful; but, in that case, fresh 
ulcers form, with all the peculiarities of the Mercurial sort. These 
may be also attributed to a scorbutic taint; but the circum- 
stances of their origin should prevent this error, and also the 
Mercurial fetor exhaled by the breath. It occasionally happens 
that hemorrhage, which, indeed, has in some instances proved 
fatal, is produced by Mercurial ulceration of the fauces. Death 
may also result from a destruction of the soft parts. A case is 
reported by Drs. Graves and Stokes, of a child, eleven years of 
age, who, for an inflammation of the trachea, took eight grains 
of Calomel in divided doses. Salivation followed, with excessive 
swelling of the face and neck ; ulcers beginning at the corners of 
the mouth spread to the lips and cheeks, causing an extensive 
destruction of both; a sloughing ulcer formed on the palate, and 
the fetor of the breath was excessive. Treatment was unavailing, 
and death took place on the eighth day. That form of ulceration 
of the mouth known as gangraenopsis usually arises during a state 
of exhaustion of the system following disease, especially eruptive 
fevers and dysentery; the ulcers are of a circumscribed charac- 
ter, generally of the cheek, and follow tumefaction and hardness 
of the part. The affection known as cancrum oris, and proceed- 
ing from the same causes as the last one mentioned, begins in the 
gums, and presents symptoms closely resembling Mercurial sore 
mouth, including salivation, swelling of the submaxillary glands, 
swollen, spongy, bleeding, and ulcerated gums, covered with a 
pultaceous deposit, with loosening and even loss of the teeth. 
If such a state ensues upon the administration of Mercury, there 
appears to be nothing by which it can be distinguished from the 
effects of this medicine, unless it be the existence of a fetid odor 
which is different from that occasioned by Mercury."-Stille. 592 
MERCURIOS. 
Dr. Dieterich describes the Mercurial sore throat to be char- 
acterized by a dark or bluish redness; great sense of dryness, 
with hawking of tenacious, glassy mucus; and enlargement of 
the mucous follicles. 
Pancreas.-Mercury affects the pancreas in a manner analo- 
gous to its action on the salivary glands. "The pancreas would 
appear, in an especial manner, to be affected by Mercury. Die- 
terich attributed the diarrhoea which it usually causes to an 
excessive secretion of this organ. Dr. Copeland relates the case 
of a female who was excessively salivated for syphilis, after which 
she experienced deep-seated pain and heat of the epigastrium, 
with nausea, inappetence, thirst, and fever, and voided thin stools 
containing a fluid resembling saliva. After her death, the pan- 
creas, which weighed eight ounces, was red and congested, and 
its ducts dilated."-Stille. 
Dr. Hughes Bennett and Dr. Wibmer, in experiments on ani- 
mals, found in the bodies of those treated with Mercurial frictions, 
the pancreas greatly reddened and hypertrophied. Its action upon 
the pancreas is very similar to that of Iris, only more malignant. 
All writers show that Mercury stimulates the pancreas to pour 
out an abundant secretion, which, however, is not normal, but a 
pathological secretion. Atrophy of the pancreas is now known 
to be the cause of diabetes; and Mercury causes this symptom. 
Liver.-Mercury is a powerful cholagogue, and, like the metals 
in general, is excreted by the liver, and manifests a tendency to 
accumulate in this organ. 
"The only preparations of Mercury which are used as purga- 
tives are Calomel and Blue mass. Of these, the first is far the 
more active, and, indeed, is the only one which can be relied on 
to purge. 
"The chief interest in the purgative action of Mercurials, cen- 
ters in the question as to their influence on the liver. When 
Calomel is given to a healthy man in moderate purgative doses, 
green liquid stools are produced, which, after larger doses, are 
replaced by brown passages. The color of these passages has 
always been supposed by clinicians to be due to the presence of 
bile, but recently it has been affirmed that the green tint is owing 
to a compound of the Mercury itself. Although no chemical 
proof of the presence of the metal or its salt has, that I am aware 
of, been furnished, yet it can scarcely be doubted that Mercury is 
present in the first passages produced by Calomel. The ques- MERCURIUS. 
593 
tion, evidently, is not, Is Mercury ever present in the 'spinach 
stools' ? but, Is it always present ? or, in other words, Is it an in- 
tegrant portion of them ? The evidence is not so abundant upon 
this point as is desirable, yet seems sufficient to furnish a nega- 
tive answer to the last question. Simon and Golding Bird, in 
careful analyses, both failed to detect the metal; and, as the rec- 
ognition of Mercury is an exceedingly simple chemical problem, 
it seems impossible that these chemists could have overlooked 
the metal if it had been present. Simon's analysis was per- 
formed upon the fifth stool after the administration of a large 
dose of Calomel. The passage was fluid, perfectly green, had no 
faecal odor, exhibited a mild acid reaction, and showed, under the 
microscope, a great number of mucous corpuscles and epithe- 
lium-cells. Ether extracted from the solid residue (obtained by 
evaporation), a considerable amount of fat, which had an acid 
reaction, contained cholesterine, and was colored by biliverdin. 
All the other substances, which were separated from the stool by 
water and alcohol, were more or less colored by bile pigment. 
Bilin, bilifellinic acid, and biliverdin were found in large quan- 
tities. 
"The most satisfactory evidence is, however, that furnished by 
Michea, who examined chemically the faeces under four different 
conditions: First, the spontaneous dejections of six healthy in- 
dividuals ; no bile wras found. Second, green stools of three per- 
sons suffering from gastro-intestinal derangement; bile-pigment 
in one case only, and in that could not be detected after per- 
sistent vomiting had ceased. Third, Calomel having been given 
to eight healthy persons, five men and three women, bile was 
readily demonstrated in the green passages produced in all the 
subjects. Fourth, saline and resinous purgatives were given to 
five persons; but no bile could be detected in the liquid stools. 
"To the evidence brought forward in favor of the proposition 
that Calomel given to healthy men causes an increased escape of 
bile from the alimentary canal, may be added the conclusive fact, 
that, in some persons, whose idiosyncrasies render them very sus- 
ceptible to the action of Calomel, it produces not merely purging, 
but also vomiting of bile, which is scarcely at all altered. 
"From the facts which have just been passed in review, the 
conclusion seems inevitable that Mercurial purgatives given to 
healthy persons cause the escape of large quantities of bile from 
the alimentary canal. 
"As is well known, when from any cause bile does not pass 
into the duodenum, the stools become very pale, of a peculiar 594 
MERCURIOS. 
potter's clay, or even white, color. Very frequently, under these 
circumstances, which may co-exist either with diarrhoea or with 
constipation, Mercurials will modify the color of the passages and 
alleviate or cure any symptoms present. In many cases, the 
Mercurials are, of course, powerless to effect the desired result; 
but this depends upon the cause being organic, or of some other 
nature not to be overcome by a mere stimulant to secretion. 
"As Mercurials in health increase the flow of bile from the in- 
testine, and as they will sometimes re-establish it in disease when 
the secretion has altogether ceased, or has been very materially 
diminished, the conclusion seems to me inevitable that Mercu- 
rials have the power of directly or indirectly increasing the secre- 
tion of bile. The only objection of any force to be urged against 
this deduction is founded upon the idea that the drug simply in- 
creases peristalsis in such a way as to cause the bile naturally in 
the duodenum to be swept out instead of being absorbed. The 
answer to this is embraced in the following facts: Mercurials re- 
store the color of the passages when pale from arrested secretion*, 
often without producing diarrhoea ; other even more active purga- 
tives fail to induce the same bilious passages; when diarrhoea 
exists with clayey stools, the change in the color of the passages 
caused by a Mercurial may coincide with a not increased, or even 
a lessened, amount of liquidity; diarrhoea ordinarily does not 
cause bile to appear in the passages."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
The experiments with Mercury upon the lower animals, by 
such men as Drs. Handheld Jones, Scott, and Hughes Bennett, 
tend to show that the secretion of bile is diminished rather than 
increased; but this is no proof that the bile is diminished in the 
human subject. On the contrary, the diminished secretion is a 
sign of congestion of the liver, which has been demonstrated in 
Mercurial poisoning by post-mortem examinations ; and this may 
be accompanied by jaundice, induration, and hypertrophy of the 
organ. 
Mercury has a powerful action upon the lymphatics of the 
liver. Wibmer says: "In the bodies of those who have been 
treated with Mercurial frictions, we discover extreme emaciation ; 
the muscles are atrophied, pale; the lymphatic glands, especially 
in the region where the ointment was rubbed in, enlarged; the 
pancreas hypertrophied and frequently of a reddish color; the 
liver enlarged, soft, of a black-browm color; the bile thin and 
copious ; the veins of the abdomen turgid with a thin, dark blood." 
When given to promote the secretion of bile, a dose should be 
given for two nights large enough to act as a purgative. One- MERCURIUS. 
595 
half to one grain will act as a purgative in one night; but, as a 
rule, it is better to give it in full purgative doses of from five to 
ten grains. In some cases, it will produce nausea and tormina, 
but not often. 
Kidneys.-Mercury is eliminated chiefly by the kidneys; but 
they are also aided by the salivary and intestinal glands and the 
liver. "The kidneys are much affected by this poison. Suppres- 
sion of urine is a very common phenomenon; and post-mortem 
investigation shows it to be connected with acute congestion or 
inflammation of the secreting structure of these organs. The 
urine is albuminous during life, and the patients die with all the 
symptoms of uraemic poison. Lower down, we have frequent 
and painful urination; and sometimes swelling and blackness of 
the scrotum, with erection of the penis. This, too, is from the 
Bichloride; but, from Mercurius solubilis, two of Hahnemann's 
provers had balanitis and balanorrhoea; and another (Helbig) re- 
ports the following symptoms : 'A number of small red vesicles, 
at the termination of the glans penis, behind the prepuce, becom- 
ing converted into ulcers, the base of which was covered with a 
cheesy lining.' A similar symptom was experienced by one of 
the provers of Cinnabar. 
"These phenomena are of much interest with reference to the 
relation of Mercury to chancre. Other facts are mentioned by 
Trousseau and Pidoux which bear on the same point. They 
allow that Mercury may cause serious ulceration at the side of 
the penis or in the vulva. They relate how a dog which Bret- 
onneau had Mercurialized, copulating with one of his kind, had 
his penis swelled, inflamed, ulcerated, and finally gangrenous. 
And they state that women laboring under puerperal fever, and 
treated with Mercurial frictions, were liable to get membranous 
inflammation of the vulva, followed by sphacelus."-Hughes. 
According to Salkowski, who experimented with dogs and rab- 
bits, Corrosive sublimate causes an increased secretion and a 
saccharine condition of the urine of long duration. If this is so, 
it must come from atrophy of the pancreas ; for that is great cause 
of sugar in the urine. 
Mucous Membrane of the Digestive Organs.-On taking 
Corrosive sublimate, its peculiar sharp and metallic taste will 
usually be noticed; it produces powerful corrosion of the mucous 
membrane of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, and intestines, 
and leads rapidly to gastro-enteritis of the severest form. 596 
MERCURIUS. 
"The post-mortem appearances are those of corrosive gastro- 
enteritis. The mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, and 
oesophagus, is inflamed, wrinkled, and covered with a white-coat. 
The mucous membrane of the stomach is in some places, espe- 
cially near the pylorus, converted into dark, very tough eschars. 
In some cases, ulceration takes place. After separation of the 
eschars, there may be perforation. Here and there particles of 
the substance used may be found adhering closely to the mucous 
membrane. In the small intestines, the appearances are usually 
normal; but, in the large intestine, on the contrary, severe inflam- 
mation, even to ulceration and hemorrhage, has frequently been 
noticed. This last appearance is to be looked upon as the begin- 
ning of the general action of Mercury."-Prof. B. Naunyn. 
It will here be proper to note in detail the full effects of Mer- 
cury upon the various portions of the digestive tract. 
The tongue becomes coated, appetite impaired; nausea, vom- 
iting, with oppression and tenderness. "The alvine evacuations 
become at first feculent, thin, and greenish, and afterward watery 
and frothy, and pale in color. There may be ten or fifteen stools 
in the course of twenty-four hours. At the same time, there is a 
sense of fullness in the abdomen, tenderness on pressure in the 
epigastrium, and a dull, tensive pain in the same region. The 
thirst is great, the mouth and skin dry, and the urine scanty. 
As the diarrhoea augments, vomiting may be superadded, wdiile 
the skin grows cool and the eyes sunken and dark. The purging 
may terminate in gastric inflammation. Its symptoms [the purg- 
ing] are by some attributed to an excessive action of the pan- 
creas."-Stille. 
Dr. R. Hughes says: "While Mercury has little influence 
upon the small intestines, the large-ctecum, colon, and rectum 
-are a special seat of its influence. Diarrhoea not unfrequently 
accompanies or replaces salivation; and the tendency to tenes- 
mus shows that its seat is the lower portion of the bowel. In 
poisoning by Corrosive sublimate, the whole tract exhibits marks 
of intense inflammation, going on to ulceration and sloughing; 
and the symptoms during life are often those of acute dysentery. 
"This is the place to speak of the effect of Mercury upon the 
intestinal evacuations. The stools produced by it are of various 
characters. When given as a purgative in the form of Calomel 
or Blue pill, it causes copious fluid evacuations, of a dark brown 
or yellowish color,-sometimes, especially in children, of a green 
hue. I suppose these evacuations to consist in an increased 
quantity of the biliary and other secretions. The green 'Calomel MERCURIES. 
597 
stools ' of children are generally supposed to consist of bile, altered 
in tint by superabundant acid in the intestines. Others, how- 
ever, consider them to be due simply to the presence of the Sub- 
sulphide of Mercury in the faeces, their color being a phenomenon 
analogous to the blackness of the stools in those who are taking 
Iron. The objection to this view is that they have been induced 
by doses of Calomel far too small to cause any general coloration 
of the faeces. The purging caused by Mercurials always tends to 
assume the dysenteric character; and, in acute poisoning by 
Corrosive sublimate, the stools are scanty, frequent, and bloody, 
just as in the idiopathic affection." The dose to act upon the 
bowels as a purgative, of Blue mass, is from one-half a grain to 
fifteen grains; of Calomel, one-tenth of a grain to ten grains. 
Mucous Membrane of the Respiratory Organs.-Mercury 
has here a specific action, affecting especially that of the nose, 
producing great congestion and catarrhal inflammation, com- 
pletely occluding the nostrils; and the Materia Medica contains 
no more useful remedy for catarrh, both acute and chronic, espe- 
cially the latter, than Mercury. In the chronic form, the Iodide 
is my special favorite. 
"Coryza sometimes occurs in Mercurialization; and one of 
the dogs poisoned by Corrosive sublimate in Dr. H. Bennett's ex- 
periments had constant muco-purulent discharge from the nose. 
[And a dog poisoned with the Cyanuret of Mercury by myself had 
a complete pseudo-membrane upon the nasal mucous membrane.] 
Bronchitis and pneumonia have also been observed in poisoning 
by this substance; and the latter generally complicates the 
febrile Mercurial eruptions."-Hughes. 
Eyes.-Inflammation of the conjunctival mucous membrane 
of a malignant nature is a prominent symptom of Mercury, both 
in man and animals;-so say Hahnemann, Hering, and Over- 
beck ;-also iritis with effusion of lymph. 
Serous Membranes.-It especially affects the peritoneum, 
producing inflammation with effusion. It also slightly affects 
the arachnoid membrane, and the synovial membranes of the 
large joints, producing congestion, inflammation, and ulceration. 
Fibrous Tissues, and Bones.-Permanent damage of the 
osseous structures often occurs ; such as caries, with all its accom- 
panying symptoms. The periosteum becomes highly inflamed, 
with intolerable pains at night. After death, globules of Mercury 
can be shaken out of the dried bones of subjects who have been 598 
MERCURIUS. 
severely salivated during life. Necrosis of the jaw has often 
been produced by Calomel. "It has long been a question, and 
is one not yet fully settled, how far Mercury may operate to pro- 
duce disease of the bones. The tendency of syphilis to develop 
these affections is well known, and also the great frequency of 
their occurrence in syphilitic cases treated by Mercury; yet it 
is certain that they sometimes follow the uses of this drug in 
cases wholly free from syphilitic taint. Mercurial nodes, it is 
said, precede the ulcers, and the destruction of tissue proceeds 
from without inward. They most frequently are seated in the 
spongy bones of the base of the cranium, or in the ends of the 
long bones."-Canstatt. 
Blood.-The effect upon the blood is thus stated by Dr. Head- 
land : "By some inscrutable chemical power, of whose agency we 
know nothing, it is able to decompose the blood; by some de- 
structive agency, it deprives it of one-third of its fibrine, one- 
seventh of its albumen, one-third or more of its globules; and 
at the same time loads it with a fatty, fetid matter, the product 
of decomposition." 
"The action of Mercury on the blood, by which it tends to 
reduce the proportion of solid materials in this fluid, and thus to 
impair the nutrition of the organs, is capable, when carried be- 
yond moderate bounds, of occasioning a form of artificial scurvy, 
some of the elements of which have previously been described. 
The muscles lose their firmness, fullness, and power, the com- 
plexion assumes a pallid or an earthy hue, the breath becomes 
fetid, the urine is readily decomposed, and diarrhoea is usually 
present. The gums grow spongy, the hair falls out; dull pains in 
the bones and joints are felt; oedema of the ankles, or even gen- 
eral dropsy, may form; hemorrhage from the nose, bowels, 
kidneys, or reopened wounds, takes place, and hectic fever, with 
tubercular consumption, may terminate life."-Stille. 
"Recent experiments have shown that small doses of Mercury, 
as Iron, Manganese, and other metals, have the power to increase 
the number of red corpuscles, and improve the quality of the 
blood. It has long been known that this result followed the use 
of Corrosive chloride in syphilis. The improved methods of 
counting the number of corpuscles within a given area have alone 
rendered possible an exact determination of such a delicate ques- 
tion. It remains true, however, that any considerable quantity 
of Mercury, administered a sufficient time, will affect the quality 
and composition of the blood; the red globules are diminished MERCURIUS. 
599 
in number; the fibrine loses its plasticity; the proportion of water 
is increased, and various effete materials, whose nature is un- 
known, accumulate. Mercury is deposited in all the textures, 
interferes with the normal nutritive processes, and is found in all 
the secretions and excretions."-Bartholow. [Good Homoeopathy.] 
Hahnemann, in his treatise on Venereal Diseases, taught, 
that, to cure syphilis, a- 
Mercurial Fever had to be produced. How' does that sound 
for small doses? Let those who choose to make fools of them- 
selves and their patients, answer this treatment of our great 
leader Hahnemann. When we have a specific and malignant 
poison to antidote, the true physician, like Hahnemann, will use 
enough of the remedy to produce the desired result, if it does take 
toxic doses to do it. The fever he produced in his patients is 
most graphically described by himself. He says: "The patient 
gets a metallic taste in the mouth, a disagreeable smell in the 
nose, a painless, audible rumbling in the bowels, an earthy com- 
plexion, a pinched nose, blue rings around the eyes, pale, leaden- 
colored lips, an uninterrupted or frequently recurring shuddering 
(always getting stronger) that thrills deeply, even into the interior 
of the body. His pulse becomes small, hard, and very rapid; 
there is an inclination to vomit, or at least nausea at everything, 
especially at animal diet, but chiefly a very violent headache of a 
tearing and pressive character, which sometimes rages without 
intermission in the occiput or over the root of the nose. The 
nose, ears, hands, and feet are cold. The thirst is inconsiderable ; 
the bowels constipated, great sleeplessness, the short dreams of a 
fearful character, accompanied by frequent slight perspirations. 
The weakness is extreme, as also the listlessness and anxious 
oppression, which the patient thinks he never before felt any- 
thing like. The eyes become sparkling, as if full of water, the 
nose is as if stuffed with catarrh; the muscles of the neck are 
somewhat stiff, as from rheumatism; the back of the tongue 
is whitish. At this period the patient experiences, if all goes on 
well, some discomfort in swallowing, a shooting pain in the root 
of the tongue, on both sides of the mouth a looseness or setting 
on edge of the teeth (the gums recede a little toward the root of 
the teeth, become somewhat spongy, red, painful, swollen); there 
is a moderate swelling of the tonsils and submaxillary glands, 
and a.peculiar rancid odor from the mouth, without the occur- 
rence, however, of a notable increase in the secretion of saliva, 
and without diarrhoea or immoderate perspiration." 600 
MERCURIES. 
All of this is prior to the full development of the first local ef- 
fects, viz., the stomatitis and salivation; and this Mercurial 
fever generally lasts seven days, but may last for weeks. It 
terminates on the occurrence of salivation, a specific rash, or 
copious perspiration. This fever usually arises between the fif- 
teenth and twentieth days of the treatment by inunction, but 
more rapidly by internal medication. 
Skin.-The action of this drug upon the skin, producing Mer- 
curial eczema, is well described by Stille. He says: "The contin- 
ued use of Mercurial frictions irritates the skin, inducing at first 
redness and tenderness, and afterward, in some cases, a peculiar 
eruption, erysipelas, or even fatal gangrene. The cutaneous erup- 
tion excited by Mercury was first, it is believed, mentioned by 
Benjamin Bell, who says : 'It is not an uncommon effect of Mer- 
cury to excite an eruption upon the surface of the body. In some, 
this appears as a miliary rash somewhat resembling measles; 
while in others, it is considerably elevated, and seems to be pro- 
duced by a serous effusion between the cutis and scarf skin. In 
some, the eruption is partial, while in others, it prevails generally 
over the whole body.' It was also described by Dr. Speers, of Edin- 
burgh, by Dr. Moriarty, and by Mr. Alley, of Dublin, who has 
given the fullest account of its course and varieties. In its mild- 
est form, this affection consists of innumerable minute and trans- 
parent vesicles, on a light rose-colored efflorescence, occupying a 
large portion of the skin. It is accompanied with a pricking sen- 
sation and itching, but not with fever. A severer and febrile form 
presents an efflorescence somewhat like that of rubeola ; and, in a 
third form, which Mr. Alley styled malignant, there is fever, 
an intense burning heat of the skin, and extreme soreness of the 
fauces; the vesicles are of a large size, and the spots of a dark 
and even purplish color. In this form, when the vesicles burst, 
crusts are formed of a very unsightly and disgusting appearance. 
The second form here alluded to has been observed by Baron 
at the Children's Hospital of Paris, and was produced by Mercu- 
rial frictions. The eruption was most abundant everywhere else 
than upon the places where the frictions had been made; it occa- 
sioned neither itching nor smarting, nor was it accompanied by 
ptyalism. A slight degree of fever was observed during a period 
of from three to six days, during which the eruption lasted. In 
some cases of Mercurial cachexia, an eruption of rupia, and also 
of pustules (ecthyma) has been met with." MERCURIUS. 
601 
The cuticle, hair, and nails often exfoliate, and many have 
observed pustulation. Purulent ichorous eruptions, from decom- 
position of the blood, are a marked effect of the drug. 
Sexual Organs.-By its action upon the uterus, "in not a 
few instances, it has occasioned menorrhagia or amenorrhcea, 
and in pregnant females miscarriage. From an extensive series 
of observations, Lize concluded that the constitutional action of 
Mercury upon a husband alone, or upon a wife alone, or upon 
both together, very commonly results in miscarriage, still-birth, 
or the premature death of the infant."-Stille. 
Women who have taken quantities of Mercury, generally bear 
rickety children. Mercury is also found in the milk; and Mercu- 
rialization of the milk has often been used therapeutically in 
cases of infantile syphilis. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-"Sometimes the influence of Mer- 
cury falls almost exclusively upon the nervous system, and pro- 
duces a peculiar train of paralytic symptoms. This occurs 
chiefly, if not exclusively, when, as vapor, it finds entrance to the 
blood through the lungs, and is most frequently seen in those 
who work in the metal. It is generally the result of long expos- 
ure ; but that it may be produced in a very short time is proven 
by the case, related by Dr. Christison, of two barometer-makers 
who slept one night in a room containing a pot of Mercury upon 
a stove. One was severely salivated, the other was affected with 
a shaking palsy which lasted all his life. According to Dr. Sig- 
mond, the attack of Mercurial palsy, which is sometimes sudden, 
sometimes gradual, begins with unsteadiness and shaking of the 
extremities, and of the muscles of the face, which movements in- 
terfere with walking, speaking, or chewing; the tremors become 
frequent, nay, almost constant; ' every action is performed by 
starts.' If the exposure be continued, sleeplessness, loss of 
memory, and death terminate the scene. A peculiar brownish 
hue of the whole body, and dry skin, generally accompany the 
disease. In its first stage, it may be mistaken for St. Vitus' dance ; 
iii its later stages, for delirium tremens. According to Noel 
Gueneau de Mussy, these two forms are rather distinct varieties 
than different stages of Mercurial tremors. In the latter, the 
affection simulates paralysis agitans in its shaking movements ; in 
the former, the motions are violent, and occur independently of 
the will of the patient, even when he is lying quietly in bed. 
"In other cases, neuralgic pains are a prominent result of 
Mercurial exposure; and sometimes epilepsy is produced, or the 602 
MERCURIOS. 
intellect is -especially affected, and insanity, most frequently of a 
melancholic type, results. According to Dr. Sigmond, the pecu- 
liar paralysis of lead-poisoning, including the drop-wrist, has 
been known to follow persistent Mercurial inunctions."-Dr. H. 
•C. Wood. 
The mental and physical depression are marked and distress- 
ing. The susceptibility to external impressions, particularly to 
.that of cold, is excessive, and especially at night. 
The neurotic effects of Mercury are manifest chiefly in the 
musculo-motor and the ideational and emotional spheres. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
All the symptoms are worse at night, from warmth of bed, and 
in damp, cold, rainy weather. 
Profuse perspiration that does not relieve, accompanies most 
complaints where Mercury is indicated. 
Easily bleeding ulcers, established suppuration. Glands or 
bones. 
Looseness of tl\p bowels, diarrhoea, dysentery, or gastro-intes- 
tinal inflammation. 
It is a glandular remedy; and no drug prevents suppuration 
as certainly as Mercury, in the acute and sub-acute form. 
Glandular suppuration in lymphatic, scrofulous systems. 
Cold, clammy sweat on the legs and thighs at night. 
Gums spongy, bleeding, with fetid breath ; marked fetor. 
Symptoms are aggravated just after getting warm in bed; 
and are attended with a disposition to perspire. 
"Embarrassment to the portal circulation, and hence to the 
whole venous system, probably explains why 'the pains become 
intolerable at night,' to the patient; why 'he feels better when 
walking than lying or sitting'; why the 'evening airs' or 'chilli- 
ness' make him worse, and why he has sweat at every move- 
ment."-Dr. Bayes. 
Mind and Head.-"Weak memory; slow to answer ques- 
tions."-Deroy. 
"Intellect very weak ; every mark of imbecility."-Dr. Oliver. 
"Low, muttering delirium."-Kopp. [Gastro-intestinal inflam- 
mation.] 
"Anxiety and restless ; fancied fears ; tries to flee away."-Hy. 
"Excessive sleepiness; sleepiness with anxiety; restless sleep." MERCL'RIUS. 
603 
"No sleep after midnight; frightful dreams; nightmare."- 
Dr. Jessen. 
"Dull, stupid feeling, with dizziness."-Hg. [Biliousness.] 
"Vertigo as if in a swing; with nausea; everything turns 
black."-Hg. 
"Constant rotary motion of head; even on lying down."-Hg. 
"The headache corresponding to Mercury is of a compressive 
and constrictive character, the eyes yellowish and slightly con- 
gested; partial or complete deafness."-Dr. Bayes. [Rheumatic 
or portal.] 
"Sleeplessness from embarrassed portal circulation, with beat- 
ing at pit of the stomach, sometimes profuse sweat."-Dr. Bayes. 
Congestion to the head, with a feeling as if it would burst. 
"Head feels as if in a vice, with nausea, worse in open air; 
from sleeping and eating; better in the room."-JZ#. 
"Tearing in the head; heat and sweat; worse at night; in 
warmth of bed, better toward morning."-Hg. 
"Hydrocephalus ; sutures open ; precocious ; dirty color of the 
face; body bathed at night with sour, copious sweat."-Hg. 
"Exostosis on the hairy scalp; very sore to the touch; worse 
at night in bed."-Hg. [From syphilis.] 
"Lacerating, tearing, and stinging in bones of the skull."-Hg. 
"Fetid, sour-smelling, oily head sweats; worse nights."-Hg. 
"The scalp painful to touch, with falling-out of hair."-JZ#. 
For eczema and tinea of the scalp, Calomel ointment, com- 
posed of one drachm of Calomel to one ounce of lard, is a precious 
remedy, if applied locally morning and night. It may be used in 
glycerine the same way; or two grains of the Bichloride to the 
ounce of water. The annoying itching of many skin diseases is 
wonderfully allayed by Mercurial ointment. Lice on the head or 
pubes, are destroyed at once by the ointment made with Nitrate 
of Mercury or Corrosive sublimate. Wash the hair with spirits 
of wine to dissolve the gluey matter attaching the nit to the hair. 
Syphilitic nodes will often yield to the external use of the Oleate 
of Mercury. The Oleate of Mercury destroys pediculi immedi- 
ately, with their ova, when the Ointment fails. It is made with 
a five-per-cent solution of Oleate of Mercury in Oleic acid, with 
one-eighth part of Ether. 
Eyes.-Sub-acute and chronic conjunctivitis, lids inflamed, 
with swollen, inverted tarsi, sensitive to light. 
"In blepharitis, there is no better remedy if the lids are red 
and swollen, sensitive to heat, cold, or touch; profuse lachryma- 604 
MERCURIUS. 
tion, burning and acrid, making the lids sore; worse at night and 
from warmth in general."-A. and N. 
For ophthalmia neonatorum with acrid discharges, if caused 
by syphilitic leucorrhcea in the mother, Mercury is the best rem- 
edy we have. 
"In superficial inflammations of the conjunctiva and cornea, 
either ulcerative, phlyctenular, or catarrhal, Mercury is of especial 
service; the ulcers of the cornea are very vascular; the dread of 
light is intense; lachrymation profuse, burning, and excoriating; 
muco-purulent secretion is very thin and acrid; always worse at 
night."-A. and N. 
"Mercury has always been, and probably always will be, the 
principal remedy for iritis; especially if syphilitic, with sore, 
tearing, boring pains around the eye, greatly aggravated at night." 
-A. and N. [With Atropia locally.] 
"Retinitis or choroiditis. Mercury is the great remedy for 
diseases of the optic nerve and retina, in workers in founderies." 
-A. and N. [Or from syphilis.] 
In rheumatic ophthalmia it is of great value. Use the Corro- 
sivus when the pains are sore, aching, and burning. Worse at 
night. 
Black points, flies, and fog before the eyes. Amaurosis. 
Ears.-In chronic catarrhal inflammation of the middle ear. 
Mercury is one of our best remedies,-and probably the best rem- 
edy we have ; and the most suitable preparation to use is the Mer- 
curius dulcis. Dr. H. C. Houghton reports ninety-three cases in 
the Horn. Tinies treated with the 1st, 2d and 31 centesimal of Cal- 
omel with gratifying results. He says the swelling of the mucous 
membrane is reduced so that the Eustachian tube becomes patent. 
"The ear was inflamed internally and externally, with pain 
partially cramp-like, partly sticking, and a feeling as if stopped 
by swelling."-Rummel. [Sub-acute and chronic otorrhoea.] 
"Sticking and burning deep in both ears, worse in the left."- 
Hartman. 
"Bloody and offensive matter flows from the right ear, with 
tearing pain/'-Hartman. [From chronic catarrh of the middle 
ear.] 
"The ears seem stopped, with roaring in them."-Hah. 
Roaring, ringing, and singing in the ears, with deafness. 
Ulceration and caries of bones of the ear; chronic catarrh. 
Nose.-This is our best remedy for acute, sub-acute, and 
chronic catarrh, with a copious discharge of corroding mucus. MERCURIUS. 
605 
"Acute and chronic catarrhs, where the discharge is muco- 
purulent. I prefer in these cases the Iodide, 3d decimal. The 
heavy pain in the malar bones, frontal sinuses, and at the root 
of the nose, is soon subdued."-Dr. Bayes. 
Copious hemorrhages from the nose, in putrid diphtheria. 
Frequent sneezing, with fluent coryza, at the commencement 
of catarrh. 
"An offensive odor from the nose as in violent coryza."-Hah. 
"Acrid pus flows from the nose, smelling like old cheese."- 
Hartman. 
Inflammation and caries of the nasal bones, with fetid ulcera- 
tion. Use the Iodide, especially if syphilitic. 
Mouth.-"In affections of the mouth, Mercury holds a high 
place. It is not homoeopathic to the true membranous stomati- 
tis,-the muguet of the French; but it is so to thrush, which 
always tends to ulceration. It is rarely necessary, however, to 
give anything but Borax in this disease, when the morbid proc- 
ess is limited to the mouth. For simple ulceration, as well as 
syphilitic, of the mucous membrane of the buccal cavity, Mercury 
is specific, especially when followed up by Nitric acid. Cancrum 
oris is another idiopathic disease of this part which closely resem- 
bles the pathogenetic effects of Mercury, and is often cured by it. 
"Mercury has cured idiopathic salivation, as from pregnancy. 
Drs. Marcy and Hunt recommend in this affection a wash for the 
mouth made of two grains of the 2d trituration of Corrosive sub- 
limate in a pint of water. In inflammations of the salivary 
glands, Mercury must always be the leading remedy. I may 
specify two, - mumps, in which we always give it; though, 
whether it affects the natural course of the disease, I can not 
say; in the tenderness and swelling, threatening suppuration, 
left behind after scarlatina, or appearing during typhus, in which 
the Iodide of Mercury acts most beneficently. 
In sub-acute inflammations of the lingual mucous membrane, 
and even in acute glossitis, Mercury has acted well. Dr. Guern- 
sey points out a very heavy, thick, yellow moist covering of the 
tongue, as indicating the drug, saying it should rarely be given 
when the tongue is dry. Dr. Quin notes sweet taste in the mouth 
as a characteristic symptom. 
In our present uncertainty as to the action of Mercury on the 
teeth, it would be premature to fix its curative place in their dis- 
eases. If it is true that its abuse can cause them to become cari- 
ous, the medicine ought to be valuable in checking this process. 606 
MERCURIUS. 
More certainly it is of value in periostitis of the sockets, a frequent 
cause of toothache; its steady use here will often supersede extrac- 
tion. The feeling of the teeth as if elongated is a special indica- 
tion for Mercury."-Hughes 
"The best local application for ulcers in the mouth, or on the 
tongue, is the dry powder of the 1st centesimal trituration of Mer- 
curius solubilis."-W. H. Holcombe. [Or Aphthae.] 
"Grayish ulcers on the inner surface of the lips, cheeks, gums, 
tongue and palate."-Hah. [Locally.] 
"Gums bleed and are inclined to ulcerate about the teeth."-G. 
Teeth sore and loose and feel too long; odontalgia; worse at 
night, with periosteal inflammation and ulceration. The gums 
bleed from the slightest touch, with fetid breath. 
Saltish, metallic, coppery, slimy or putrid taste. 
"Moist tongue with great thirst."-G. [Breath very fetid.] 
Red tongue, with much burning and great thirst. 
"Swelling of the tongue, which is covered with a whitish, thick, 
tenacious coat, that is detached in patches."-Hah. 
"Tongue swollen and so soft on the margin that it shows the 
imprint of the teeth in scallops, which look ulcerated."-Hah. 
"Accumulation of soapy saliva, often slimy and drawn out in 
long strings."-Homburg. [In tonsillitis.] 
The secretion of slimy, stringy mucus from the mouth is 
characteristic, especially if suppuration is going to take place in 
quinsy. 
Profuse salivation, with fetor of the breath; salivary glands 
greatly swollen. See Pilocarpia ; tongue shows the marks of the 
teeth. 
Throat.-To arrest suppuration of the tonsils, nothing can 
equal Mercurius corrosivus 1st decimal trituration, applied locally 
with a camel's-hair brush ; two or three applications will arrest it 
in half a day at the commencement. At the first start of a com- 
mon cold, when the nose is discharging freely, half a grain drawn 
up into each nostril two or three times arrests the cold. 
"Ulceration of the tonsils."-Hah. [Use the Iodide.] 
"Throat constantly dry; it hurts as if too tight posteriorly; a 
pressure in it as if he swallowed, yet he was constantly obliged 
to swallow, because the mouth was always full of saliva."-Hah. 
"Suppuration of the tonsils, with sharp, sticking pains in the 
fauces when swallowing. "-Hah. [And ropy saliva.] 
Dryness and pain in the throat as if an apple-core was stick- 
ing in it, that causes constant inclination to swallow. MERCURIUS. 
607 
"Unable to swallow liquids, they return through the nose." 
-Hah. 
"In my own experience, the angina calling for Mercury, is of a 
sub-acute or torpid character, with pale or bluish swelling; and 
ulceration is often present. Its power of checking suppuration 
makes it often useful in quinsy. Hahnemann praises it here; 
and Dr. Ringer writes: ' When in quinsy or scarlatina the ton- 
sils are so enlarged as almost to meet, and when the difficulty in 
swallowing is nearly insuperable, and it may be there is even dan- 
ger of suffocation-if at such a time a third of a grain be taken 
every hour, in a few hours the swelling is much reduced, and the 
danger and distress much removed. The effect of Mercury in 
such cases is often most signal.' "-Hughes. 
"The throat affection that calls for Mercury, is a parenchy- 
matous tonsillitis, in which the pain is throbbing, the tonsils 
and fauces yellowish-red, often covered with a thin false mem- 
brane ; the breath fetid, the tongue pale, flabby, and indented by 
the teeth; the pain on deglutition much greater than on empty 
swallowing; salivation increased; throat sore externally wdien 
pressed."-D. 
In diphtheria, especially the putrid asthenic form, the Cyan- 
uret of Mercury should be used. Usually, the pseudo-membrane is 
of a dark gray color, which I believe to be the color characteristic 
of this drug. I have often seen this exudate not only covering the 
tonsils, but the whole of the soft palate, uvula, and fauces, 
extending up into the nares, completely occluding the nostrils. 
A few cases of croupal diphtheria with complete aphonia have 
been cured with this drug; but the majority die when it takes the 
croupal form. 
"False membranes which are thick and putrid, and occupy 
the whole throat, extending to the nasal fossse ; enormous, pain- 
ful glandular swellings; pallor and shining tumefaction of the 
face, with very decided adynamia,-yield rapidly to the Cyanuret 
of Mercury."-Dr. Beck. 
Chronic syphilitic angina, with much redness and swelling of 
the whole fauces ; ulceration of the larynx and complete aphonia ; 
the whole back part of the throat covered with a white, fetid exu- 
date ; the chronic catarrhal inflammation extends to the nose, 
with complete destruction of the nasal bones, and excessively fetid 
breath ; accompanied with tearing nightly pains. [The first three 
triturations of the Iodide of Mercury should be used.] 608 
MERCURIUS. 
Stomach.-"Qualmishness and a peculiar sense of weakness 
and tenderness at the pit of the stomach, are very characteristic 
of Mercury."-D. [In biliousness.] 
"Very sensitive about pit of the stomach and abdomen."-G. 
Dr. P. Dudley esteems the Perchloride, 2d or 3d trituration, 
very highly in chronic gastric catarrh, with distention and sore- 
ness of the epigastrium and transverse colon. 
"Sudden vomiting of milk in infants, which so often depends 
upon degenerative change of the mucous membrane of the stom- 
ach."-Hughes. 
The thirst of Mercury is violent and constant, taking large 
quantities at a time; the patient can not be satisfied, but calls 
for water constantly. 
Excessive hunger, or loss of appetite, in bilious diseases. 
Nausea and bitter vomiting of bile, with salivation. 
Abdomen.-Abdomen hard, and distended with gas. 
"Violent stitches in the hepatic region, on account of which he 
could not breathe nor eructate."-Hah. 
Inflammation of the liver, with great tenderness of the organ, 
and much jaundice; sub-acute and chronic suppuration. 
"He can not sleep on the right side, for the intestines are sore 
as if pressed."-Hah. [Acute enteritis.] 
In gall-stones, with jaundice and much biliary colic, I have 
seen cathartic doses of from ten to twenty grains of Calomel expel 
the calculi and cure the jaundice and disease. 
Jaundice with nausea and vomiting in malarial fever. 
"I have already shown that experimentation, while opposing 
the notion that Mercury stimulates directly the secreting function 
of the liver, shows it to cause congestion of the organ and jaundice. 
In both these hepatic affections the medicine ranks fhczVe prineeps 
among the Homoeopathic practitioners; and it acts well in quite 
minute doses, as the 3d, 6th and 12th attenuations. It is an 
admirable remedy for what is called a 'torpid liver,' where defi- 
cient secretion of bile is indicated by white, costive, and offensive 
stools, loss of appetite, and depression of spirits. That there is 
congestion present in these cases, seems indicated by the dull pain 
in the right hypochondrium, of which the patient usually com- 
plains. So in simple jaundice, as it occurs in children, Mercury 
will do all that is required. For acute parenchymatous inflam- 
mation of the liver, Dr. Gerson speaks of Calomel in our doses as 
highly as do the Indian practitioners of the old school."-Dr. 
Hughes. MERCURIUS. 
609 
Atrophia mesenterica in children. 
Stools.-The stool of Mercury is marked by the great charac- 
teristic that the desire for stool is not relieved by the evacuation ; 
must sit and strain for an indefinite period. 
"Much colic, relieved by a bloody stool, with tenesmus."-G. 
"Faint, sickish pain in the abdomen, entirely relieved by a 
muco-sanguinolent stool, with severe, prolonged tenesmus."-G. 
"Yellow, or mucous and bloody, or dark green stools with 
tenesmus."-G. 
For mucous and serous diarrhoea in children, Calomel is the 
specific. (In hot summer weather.) 
"Stools, dark green, bilious, frothy; whitish watery; green 
mucous ; bloody mucous ; green, slimy, bloody. Before and dur- 
ing stool, violent and frequent urging; after stool, violent tenes- 
mus."-J. B. Bell. 
"The child's health is bad; digestion imperfect; generally 
with annoying flatulent distention; and three or four pale, 
clayey, pasty, stinking motions are passed in the day."-Ringer. 
"Very slimy stools, especially if mixed with blood, accompa- 
nied by pain and straining. The salient indication for employing 
the Bichloride is the slimy character of the motions. Sometimes 
the slime is very tenacious, and, being colored with blood, is 
described by the mother as 'lumps of flesh.' One grain in ten 
ounces of water, teaspoonful doses."-Ringer. 
"Ineffectual urging to stool every moment, with tenesmus."- 
Hartman. 
"Diarrhoea of green mucus, with burning and protrusion of 
the anus."-Hah. 
In dysentery of great violence, stools of mucus and pure 
blood, with excessive tenesmus and colicky pains before and 
during stool, and tenesmus after, Corrosive sublimate is the 
specific. 
Urinary Organs.-Urine scanty, red, with strong smell. 
. Urine highly albuminous. (Mercurius corrosivus.) 
Suppression of urine, or it is passed with great difficulty, with 
tenesmus of the bladder; urine filled with mucus. 
"Urine extremely turbid soon as voided, and depositing a sedi- 
ment."-Hah. 
"Constant desire to urinate, but only a little passed."-Hah. 
"Haematuria, with violent, frequent urging to urinate."-Hg. 
Urine mixed with blood, pus fresh like lumps of mucus. 610 
MERCURIUS. 
In the sub-acute form of Bright's disease, after exudation ha® 
commenced, Mercurius corrosivus, in the attenuations from the 
3d to the 12th, is one-of our best remedies, especially in those 
cases where constitutional syphilis is connected with it; then the 
Iodide should be used, followed by the Iodide of Potash. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"Burning in the urethra when uri- 
nating. "-Rummel. 
" Swelling of the forepart of the urethra, with suppuration be- 
tween the glans and prepuce, which is red, and hot to touch, and 
very painful when walking and on touching, with severe pain in 
forehead, and rough, itching eruption on the hands."-Rummel. 
Gonorrhoea, the discharge green and painless, worse at night. 
"Gonorrhoea at first thin, afterward thick; at last with biting 
pain on urinating, stitches extending back through the urethra." 
-Hah. [Chronic prostatitis.] 
"Urine passed in drops with much pain."-Hah. 
"Great swelling of the prepuce, as if it were distended with air 
or water to a blister."-Rummel. [(Edema from Rhus tox. poi- 
soning.] 
"Inflammation of glans penis, with burning pains."-Rummel. 
"Vesicles on the forepart and sides of the glans penis; they 
eat deeply in and spread; several small white blisters, which also 
ooze fluid, but soon disappear."-Hornburg. 
Phagedenic ulceration of the glans penis. (Calomel locally.) 
For chancroids, acute form, use locally and internally. 
"Feeling of coldness in testicles, afternoons, evening."-Hah. 
Lascivious excitement, with nocturnal emissions mixed with 
blood, from chronic prostatitis. 
Total loss of sexual power; impotence from syphilis. 
"Nightly emissions mixed with blood."-Hah. [Prostatitis.] 
Great inflammation and hypertrophy of the testicles. 
Inflammation and ulceration of the inguinal glands. (Iodide.) 
This is the proper place to speak of that vilest of poisons- 
syphilis. All writers speak of syphilis as a blood disease. This 
doctrine, I must dissent from. Notwithstanding the blood is 
contaminated most thoroughly with this malignant poison, it is 
not a blood disease, but is located in the lymphatics and organic 
nervous system, the blood-making organs. The center and habitat 
of this poison is in the lymphatic glandular system, and not the 
blood. Through this system, it poisons and destroys every organ 
and tissue in the human frame, by constantly manufacturing the 
virus, and giving it to the blood, where it is distributed to every 
tissue in the body. MERCURIES. 
611 
"It is, I think, very helpful to regard primary, secondary, and 
tertiary syphilis as stages of a chronic exanthema, differing only 
in its prolonged course from the acute affections which bear the 
same name. It is certain that Mercury has some influence over 
this malady, and that of a specific kind. Few would maintain 
nowadays that it antidotes the venereal poison as an alkali neu- 
tralizes an acid; and none, I think, would suppose that it elimi- 
nates the materies morbi by its ptyalism or other evacuation. 
We must look, therefore, to its physiological effects to see what it 
is capable of doing as a therapeutic agent, and how it does it. 
"I think that the result of such an inquiry must be that the 
physiological effects of Mercury present only an imperfect par- 
allel to those of the syphilitic virus, that the two series of phe- 
nomena correspond at certain points, but diverge widely at 
others. Thus, to the syphilitic pyrexia, whether of the stage of in- 
cubation or that of eruption,-to the febrile chloro-ansemia, with its 
rheumatoid pains (aggravated by rest and warmth of bed) in the 
head and face, behind the sternum, and around the joints, and 
ending in falling of the hair,-to all this, Mercury is strictly 
homoeopathic. But is it so to the resulting local affections,-to 
the primary indurated sore and buboes, to the papulous or squa- 
mous syphilides? I think not. Plastic effusion into the cellular 
tissue is hardly the effect of a drug which is so decidedly lique- 
facient. Such glands as are affected by it, swell from irritation 
approaching to inflammation, and tend to suppurate; while the 
eruption proper to hydrargyrosis is vesicular or pustular. The 
sore throat, however, and, possibly, the iritis, laryngitis, and peri- 
ostitis of this stage, find in it a true simile. But, when we have 
the gummy infiltrations of the tertiary period, again Mercury 
fails to present, actually or even probably, any analogous feature. 
So that, although Mercury may affect every part which syphilis 
affects,-though a mere 'organopathy' would regard it as a simile 
thereto,-yet true Homoeopathy can not allow that it acts in all 
these parts after a like manner, and must hence, I submit, refuse 
it the name. If Mercury can do anything to resolve the pri- 
mary indurations, the secondary dry syphilides, and the ter- 
tiary infiltrations, it must do it by its physiological actions, 
and we must not think that we are Homoeopathizing in so 
using it. On the other hand, we are strictly within the lines of 
our method when we treat with small doses of the drug the spe- 
cific febrile condition of incubation, or before eruption, and the 
ulcers of mouth and throat, and the sub-acute periostitis of the 
secondary period. As regards the first named, it has been 612 
MERCURIUS. 
recently ascertained that Mercury, when given in syphilis, 
increases the number of the red globules of the blood. We have 
already seen that it diminishes them in health; and here also it 
is noted, that, if the drug be pushed too far, it reduces their 
number again. . . . 
"The conclusion seems to be that it is only at certain points 
and stages of the syphilitic process that Mercury can antidote it 
after a specific manner; that is (again to quote our own Drys- 
dale's definition), by the absorption of its whole physiological 
into its therapeutic action. But these points and stages are 
important enough. The primary and secondary blood disorder; 
the affections of mouth and throat; the sub-acute inflammation 
of the periosteum; and, perhaps, the iritis and laryngitis, are to 
be included among them. Again, the whole series of manifesta- 
tions of hereditary syphilis are within its range, whether they take 
the form of bullae, abscesses, and marasmus, or the slower and 
less fatal variety which consists in snuffles, stomatitis, readily 
moistening syphilides, pale, earthy color of the skin, iritis, and 
epiphyseal periostitis in the loijg bones. And further uses are 
suggested by the results of its abuse. When the local manifesta- 
tions become destructive, when the eruptions take the form of 
impetigo or rupia, when rapid ulceration affects the mucous 
membranes, or when caries invades the bones,-here, when the 
cause is not Mercury itself, its administration is most effective. 
Thus, Dr. Gerson speaks highly of Corrosive sublimate in the 
phagedenic or sloughing chancre; and Dr. Yeldham has known 
Mercurius solubilis arrest phagedenic ulceration when other 
remedies ordinarily recommended had failed; and Dr. G. Wood 
says : 'I have seen the lowest condition of shattered health from 
syphilitic cachexia, which for years had resisted various treat- 
ment under the idea that it was Mercurial disease, get well under 
a careful administration of Blue pill, as if cured by a charm.' "- 
Hughes. 
In some cases of syphilitic iritis, to save the eye, Mercury will 
have to be given strong enough to touch the gums and affect the 
breath before the disease will yield; and this is justifiable to save 
such a precious member of the body as the eye. Atropia to dilate 
the pupil should be used with the Mercury. 
I take great pleasure in giving the eminently practical re- 
marks of Prof. R. Bartholow upon the treatment of syphilis. He 
says: "The most important application of Mercury therapeuti- 
cally, is in the treatment of syphilis. It may be regarded as 
specific in this disease. The reaction which set in against its MERCURIUS. 
613 
use a few years ago has certainly led to important modifications 
in the mode and quantity in which Mercury should be given; but 
the fact has been conclusively established that Mercury, in a cer- 
tain sense, is antidotal to syphilis. As Mercury arrests the pro- 
liferation of the syphilitic virus in the blood, this agent should be 
used with the earliest manifestations of the specific character 
of the infecting sore. Mercury is not indicated in chancroid, 
or non-infecting chancre, and should not be used. If the chancre 
have the characteristic quality of the infecting sore, small doses 
of one of the Mercurial preparations should be begun and con- 
tinued steadily until all induration has disappeared. The im- 
portant point is, not to induce ptyalism. It is now conceded 
that the danger of a relapse will be very much lessened by con- 
tinuing the Mercurial treatment for some time after local mani- 
festations have ceased. The ill effects of a Mercurial course may 
be prevented by the use of small doses, by careful attention to 
hygiene, and by lessening the dose, or discontinuing the remedy 
entirely, whenever soreness of the jaws can be developed by 
smartly closing the teeth. By the adoption of these precautions, 
a Mercurial course may be continued without important inter- 
ruptions until the period of incubation has entirely passed. 
"Various methods are resorted to for the introduction of Mer- 
cury into the organism: 
"I. Inunction.-Before practicing inunction, the patient should 
take a warm bath, or, at least, wash the parts to be operated 
upon with soap and water. From fifteen to thirty grains of Mer- 
curial ointment is the quantity required for each inunction. 
The Oleate of Mercury, in proportion of fifteen to thirty per cent 
in the solution, may be substituted for the Ointment; but the 
Oleate is to be applied with a brush, and not be rubbed in. Sig- 
mund, the great advocate for the inunction method, has pre- 
scribed certain rules, which should be followed. The Ointment 
should be rubbed in with moderate friction by the palm of the 
hand ; on the first day on the legs ; second day on the thighs ; the 
third day on the abdomen and sides of the chest; on the fourth 
day on the back ; on the fifth day on the arms. Mercurial inunc- 
tions are not borne equally well by all patients. Some are easily 
salivated, and others suffer from eczema or erythema. Moreover, 
the inunction treatment is filthy and troublesome, and it should, 
therefore, be restricted to those cases in which Mercurials are 
badly borne by the stomach. [Excellent in congenital syphilis. 
Twenty per cent ointment the size of a pea of the Oleate of Mer- 
cury should be placed in the axilla night and morning.] 614 
MERCURIUS. 
"2.-Fumigation.-Various Mercurial preparations may be 
used;-the Sulphuret, the Iodide;-but Calomel is the best. The 
apparatus consists of a spirit lamp, a plate to hold the Calomel, 
surrounded by a shallow vessel containing water, a blanket large 
enough to cover the patient and the apparatus. The Calomel is 
volatilized by the heat of the lamp, which, together with the 
vapor of water, is deposited on the skin of the patient. About 
fifteen minutes is the time required for the bath, and the Calomel 
used is from eight to fifteen grains. The method of fumigation is 
especially adapted to cases of tertiary, with ulcerations, when the 
state of the patient is such as to forbid the internal administra- 
tion of Mercurials. . . . 
"Local Uses of Mercurials.-The Acid Nitrate of Mercury is one 
of the best caustics for the destruction of chancroid. It should be 
applied with a glass rod after the surface of the sore has been 
well cleaned. It is now conceded that destruction of an infecting 
chancre does not prevent systemic infection. Syphilitic warts 
and vegetations are amenable to the same treatment. Erosions 
and ulcerated indurations are best treated by ' black wash ' (Calo- 
mel eight grains, lime-water, one ounce), or 'yellow wash' (one 
grain of Corrosive sublimate to an ounce or two of lime-water). 
The surface of the sore may be kept wetted with these lotions." 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too profuse, attended with 
colic and much anxiety. 
Leucorrhoea, generally excoriating, greenish, or bloody, greatly 
aggravated by night; venereal ulcerations of the os. 
Itching, burning, smarting, corroding leucorrhoea, with sensa- 
tion of rawness in the vagina; discharges of flocks of pus and 
mucus as large as hazel rnffs; worse at night. 
Vulva much swollen, with a raw, sore feeling; worse at night. 
"Prolapsus of the vagina, with sensation of great rawness; 
worse at night."-G. [Corrosive profuse leucorrhoea.] 
Mammae swollen hard, with ulcerative pains; suppuration. 
Abscesses in the breast, with ulcerated nipples; syphilitic 
origin. 
The secretion of milk becomes so impregnated with Mercury 
that nursing infants 'who take it are Mercurialized. Nurses have 
been Mercurialized in order that the milk might be the vehicle for 
administering Mercury to nursing babes suffering from congenital 
syphilis, with much success. 
Pain in the mammae as if they would ulcerate at every men- 
strual period. (Use the Iodide.) 615 
MERCURIUS. 
Miscarriage from secondary syphilis. 
Respiratory Organs.-Mercury is adapted to a dry cough 
that is passing into the moist stage, after the primary symptoms 
have been nearly subdued by Aconite, Belladonna, or Bryonia; 
greatly aggravated at night. 
Dr. Hirschel says: "Where is there a more certain, a more 
specifically acting remedy for the appropriate kinds of cough of a 
catarrhal, inflammatory, organic nature, running from the fauces 
through the trachea and down to the finest bronchi ? It is deci- 
sive in acute affections, ameliorating in the chronic, is a slime- 
loosening resolvent, and a restorative. Where there are rough- 
ness, burning, feeling of soreness from the fauces down to the 
sternum, with hoarseness of voice, dry cough, raw, concussive, 
exhaustive, naturally exacerbated; sputum ropy, watery, spittle- 
like, nasty, bloody; catarrhal headache, coryza, diarrhcea, fever, 
non-ameliorating night sweats,-here is the real province of Mer- 
curius." 
"Cough that sounds and feels as if everything in the chest 
were dry; with pain in the chest and small of back."-Hartmann. 
"Catarrhal cough, with yellow muco-purulent expectoration."- 
Bayes. 
"Violent fluent coryza, with an acrid watery discharge, mak- 
ing the nose and lip red and very sore."-D. 
In acute coryza, Mercurius corrosivus, 2d decimal trituration, 
used as a snuff once an hour, in my hands makes a perfect cure 
in one day. 
"Flying pains in all parts of body from coughing."-Gregg. 
"Stitches in the right chest, on sneezing and coughing."- 
Hartman. 
"Shortness of breath on going up stairs."-Hah. 
Sensation of burning and dryness in the chest. 
"Suppuration of lungs after hemorrhages or pneumonia."-Hg. 
"Hoarse, rough voice; burning rawness in the larynx; fluent 
coryza and sore throat."-Hg. 
"Palpitation of the heart on slightest exertion."-Hah. 
Skin.-Ulcerations and eruptions are swollen and have a raw 
appearance. (Locally as well as internally.) 
"Watery vesicles and blotches, turn yellow, maturate."-G. 
"Prurigo, the itching is so intolerable that it almost sets one 
crazy, especially when getting warmer than usual while at work 
or in bed."-R. W. Martin, M. D. 616 
MERCURIUS. 
"As regards the action on the skin, the eruptions itch ; the dis- 
charge from them is acrid, excoriating adjacent surfaces. Indeed, 
this is a general characteristic of the secretions under Mercury, 
from the discharge in ophthalmia to the intestinal evacuations. 
They cause smarting and excoriation. Intertrigo is usual."-D. 
"Herpetic spots and suppurating pustules, sometimes running 
together; forming dry and scaly spots, or crusts, with acrid dis- 
charges."-Hg. [Locally and internally.] 
Skin dirty yellow, rough and dry; jaundice from malaria. 
"Jaundice, with biting itching over the abdomen."-Hah. 
In jaundice from hepatic congestion, no remedy equals Mer- 
cury. 
Excessive night sweats of strong odor, that give no relief. 
"Primary and secondary syphilis; round, coppery-red spots 
shining through the skin."-Hg. [Acute form.] 
Readily bleeding ulcers; base lardaceous; greatly aggravated 
at night. 
Abscesses, boils after pus has formed, with glandular enlarge- 
ment. 
Variola during the suppurative stages. (Locally and inter- 
nally.) 
In pruritus ani and vulvae, Calomel ointment will often 
quickly give great relief. In many forms of skin disease, the oint- 
ment or lotion will be of untold service in advancing the cure. 
In tinea capitis, the Calomel ointment or glycerole is of great 
value. In synovitis, Mercurial ointment greatly promotes the 
absorption of the fluid effused into a joint. In syphilitic condy- 
lomata, Calomel dusted over them generally removes the trouble. 
The acid Nitrate of Mercury applied to tubercular lupus will often 
cure; the pain of the Mercury can be relieved by covering the 
spot with Collodion. In glandular swellings from syphilitic infec- 
tion, Mercurial ointment is of great value. Dusting Calomel on 
wounds to destroy and drive away maggots in hot weather, has 
been found extremely efficacious. Eczema of the margins of the 
eyelids is quickly cured by the use of Mercurial ointment (Citrine 
ointment). 
Fever.-The sphere for the use of Mercury, is found in adhe- 
sive inflammations of serous membranes, to arrest suppuration, 
and heal ulceration. 
Mercury is forcibly suggested in the three great eruptive fevers,, 
measles, scarlatina, and small-pox. 
"Mercury suits well the exanthem and the catarrhal symptoms 
of ordinary measles, and may, with Aconite for its fever, do MERCURIUS. 
617 
all that is required in its treatment. In scarlatina, its place is in 
the anginose form of the disease; where its swelling, ulceration, 
and tendency to gangrene make it exquisitely homoeopathic, and 
where it is thoroughly efficacious. [Use the Cyanuret or Iodide.] 
In variola, it takes up the treatment where Tartar emetic has-if 
it has-to leave it; namely, where, in spite of the former remedy, 
the pocks are going on to suppuration, and the secondary fever is 
setting in. It is here highly praised by all Homoeopathic writers." 
-Hughes. 
Rheumatism, with profuse odorous perspiration, which gives 
no relief, and the pains are intolerable at night. 
Frequent chills alternating with heat, from acute catarrh. 
"Chill in the morning when rising, but more generally in the 
evening after lying down, as from cold water poured over one; 
not relieved by the warmth of the stove;-at night with frequent 
urination;-alternating with heat, often only on single parts;- 
internal with heat on the face."-Hg. 
Catarrhal fevers, with violent and constant thirst for cold 
drinks. 
Profuse and sour-smelling night sweats; cold and clammy. 
"Complaints often increase during perspiration."-Hg. 
"Intermittent fever; evening chill; heat and violent thirst, or 
thirst toward morning; during sweat palpitation; nausea and 
fetid, sour sweat."-Hg. [Copious sour night sweats.] 
Great chilliness when going into the open air. 
Profuse sweat on every motion, soaking through bed-clothes, 
staining the linen yellow; or oily perspiration; from suppu- 
ration. 
"Chilliness over the whole body, commencing on the right 
arm, and right side of chest."-H. C. Allen, M. D. 
"In worm fever caused by lumbrici, it is one of my leading rem- 
edies. To cure ascarides, use an injection of a weak solution of 
Corrosive sublimate, or apply Mercurial ointment in the rectum. 
After scarlatina, anasarca, with oedema of face, hands, and 
feet. 
Of no use at all in the ordinary typhoid fever, but of great use 
in the catarrhal form. 
Sweat with all complaints that gives no relief. 
Limbs.-"Trembling of the hands and tongue."-Dr. Hess. 
"Trembling of the hands, impossible to hold anything, with 
great weakness."-Van Burger. 
Constant trembling of the hands; can not hold them still for 
a moment. 618 
MERCURIUS. 
"Great weakness of the legs so that he can scarcely stand."- 
Dr. Hess. 
Nightly hone-pains, drawing and tearing in all the limbs, 
aggravated by warmth and at night; periosteal rheumatism, with 
nodes. 
Anasarca of all the limbs, particularly of the feet. 
"Tearing in hip-joint and knee; beginning suppuration."-Hg. 
"Arms and thighs sore to touch; can hardly move them."-Hg. 
Cold sweat on the feet, with general night sweats from malaria. 
Bone diseases, particularly worse at night; from syphilis. 
Bruised feeling in small of back ; rheumatoid inflammation. 
Meningitis, with violent pains in the spine. Tearing pains in 
the coccyx, relieved by pressure. 
Aggravation.-In the evening and particularly at night; 
from heat of bed; during perspiration; in cold evening air and 
wet weather; lying on the right side; during motion, and after 
sleep. 
Amelioration.-From rest; during the day; after breakfast, 
and during work. MEZEREUM. 
619 
MEZEREUM (DAPHNE). 
Spurge Olive. 
Habitat: Europe, America, etc. Tincture of the fresh bark before inflorescence, Class II. 
Antidotes.-Bry., Rhus., Merc., Kali hyd., Aeon., Nux vom., Acids. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Mezereum has eight 
special centers of action: 
I. Mucous Membranes. Violent Gastro-Intestinal Inflam. 
II. Kidneys. Catarrhal Inflam.; Hemorrhage; Albuminuria. 
III. Lungs. Rheumatic Catarrhal Inflammation. 
IV. Utero-Vaginal M. Mem. Catarrhal Rheumatic Leucorrhoea. 
N. Skin. Vesicular Inflammation; Painful Ulcerations. 
VI. Sero-Fibrous Tissues. Rheumatoid Inflammation. 
VII. Lymphatic Gland. System. Congestion; Secretions Acid. 
VIII. Cerebro-Spinal System. Congestion; Rheumatoid Inflam. 
Mucous Membranes.-The most of the action of this drug is 
spent upon the gastro-intestinal mucous membrane. After death, 
inflammation of the gastro-intestinal mucous membrane is the 
most prominent pathological symptom found. "Eating a few ber- 
ries is sufficient to excite very severe pain in the stomach, vomit- 
ing and violent diarrhoea. Brandt and Ratzeburg report that a 
child vomited inordinately after eating two of them. Lange states 
that the peasants of Brunswick employ it as a purgative, eight 
grains of the powdered seeds being sufficient to produce twenty 
evacuations, and also that the women often produce abortion by its 
use. ... A hardy peasant who "was much troubled with hsem- 
orrhoids, took forty berries as a laxative. He was soon attacked 
with severe colic, continual vomiting, and almost incessant 
purging, with bloody, slimy stools, and complete prostration, fol- 
lowed with giddiness and disturbance of the head. On the fol- 
lowing day, his face was pale, cold, and collapsed, and the pupils 
dilated; he recognized no one, and suffered unquenchable thirst, 
with burning heat in the mouth, fauces, oesophagus, and stom- 
ach. The epigastrium, and indeed the whole abdomen, was pain- 620 
MEZEREUM. 
fully sensitive to the slightest touch ; voice weak and tremulous ; 
breathing anxious, laborious, and short; the pulse frequent, une- 
qual, hard, and contracted; urine acid and blood-red ; the limbs 
cold, and the whole body covered with a cold sweat. Patient re- 
covered in four weeks."-Stille. 
Limbke says: "The first effect of the drug is a catarrhal, and 
finally a phlegmonous, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 
mouth and fauces." 
Espanet says: "Mezereum deeply affects the tissues, and its 
inflammation of the mucous membrane shows the character of 
sub-acuteness and chronicity, the underlying cellular tissue being 
slightly swollen. It is an inflammation of the interstitial tissue, 
caused by serous exudation, by which the loosened epithelium 
falls off, and excoriations are left. The burning, which some 
compare to that caused by Pepper, has the peculiarity to be pre- 
ceded by a sensation of coolness. The sensory nerves of the mu- 
cous membranes, with their tender epithelium, are less protected 
against external chemical influences than the external skin ; the 
effect is, therefore, more rapid and penetrating. The epithelium 
also desquamates more rapidly than on the external skin, where 
the interstitial process of exudation must priority separate the epi- 
thelial scales from their base by the formation of the vesicles ; and, 
analogous to the cutaneous vesicles, we also find here painful 
burning vesicles on the tongue and gums. 
Kidneys.-The mucous membrane and fibrous tissue of the 
kidneys are attacked by Mezereum, as shown 1 y the stitching, pull- 
ing pain in the kidneys, with crampy sensations before urinating, 
with bloody urine, fresh and uncoagulated, but not so copious as 
that caused by Cantharis. It also causes albuminuria. 
Uterus, and Vaginal Mucous Membrane.-Hahnemann 
found it would produce blenorrhoea of the urethra and vulva , and 
leucorrhcea of years' standing has been cured by it. 
Mucous Membrane of the Kungs.- In the nose, the acud, 
irritating Mezereum causes dryness, and thus pi events the olfac- 
tories from receiving sensations ; hence, diminution of smell; the 
sensation of burning and smarting causes severe sneezing, and, in 
consequence of the soreness, hemorrhages and acrid, bloody, foul- 
smelling, excoriating discharges. This morbid process necessa- 
rily extends to the respiratory tract, causing there a catarrhal 
swelling and inflammation, and drawing the sensitive vagus into 
co-affection. We find this to be especially the case in the larynx, MEZEREUM. 
621 
a continuation of the affected fauces, and whose mucous membrane 
rests upon a cartilaginous stratum. The same happens in the 
larger bronchi, diminishing their lumen, and causing thereby 
dyspnoea, hoarseness, and heavy speech. In the same proportion 
as the cartilaginous rings gradually become lost in the bronchi, 
and only membranous vesicles, provided with an internal epithe- 
lium and vascular net, remain, the same primary Mezereum- 
process appears, which, in the external skin, manifests itself by 
pricking and itching, and as irritating, spasmodic cough in the 
ends of the sensitive fibers of the vagus. The dry, sometimes 
severe, cough is generally seated deep in the chest, and is mostly 
nervous."-Dr. Adolph Gerstel. 
Skin.-"The skin is very susceptible to the action of Mezereon. 
When fresh or when softened by soaking in water, the bark acts 
as a rubefacient, and at length occasions vesicles, which sooner 
or later discharge copiously a watery fluid, and leave behind 
moist, painful, and offensive sores, which not unfrequently are 
surrounded with pustules, and are extremely difficult to heal. 
The juice of the leaves, when rubbed upon the cheek of a girl of 
fair complexion, produced a burning pain, and swelling of the 
whole face, especially of the nose, eyelids, and forehead, which 
soon assumed the aspect of erysipelas with vesicles. To these 
symptoms, were added a constant, violent, and painful sneezing 
and obstruction of the nostrils. Delirium, insufferable tensive 
pain in the temples, tormenting dryness of the fauces; cough, 
hectic fever, high-colored urine, and death."-Stille. 
The power of Mezereon as a counter-irritant to excite a steady 
and permanent irritation of the skin, has made it a complete 
substitute for Cantharides. To produce vesication, the fresh or 
dried bark, after being thoroughly wetted with vinegar, should be 
kept bound to the skin, from twenty-four to forty-eight hours. To 
keep up a permanent discharge, Mezereon ointment is the best 
that can be used. 
Its most prominent effect when given internally is the uncon- 
trollable and unbearable itching, as found in humid tinea, and her- 
petic eruptions. This is caused by the secretions of the lymphat- 
ics being acid. It is found useful in eczema, herpes, pruritus, 
impetigo, erysipelas, and boils. 
Fibrous Tissue.-According to Adolph Gerstel, the grand 
starting point or focus whence all the symptoms from Mezereon 
emanate, is in the connective tissue, the connecting medium be- 622 
MEZEREUM 
tween different organs; the fasciae form the genuine sero-fibrous 
membranes. As especially vegetative activity prevails in the con- 
nective tissue, we can expect also that the general character of Mcze- 
reon-af'ection will distinguish itself in the form of anomalies of veg- 
etation. The spaces or cells of connective tissues are always filled 
with a liquid, vapory exhalation of the circulatory system, where 
also the most minute vascular and nervous branchioles are im- 
bedded ; and, of the former, it is especially the terminal branchi- 
oles of the arterial system and of the ganglionic nerves, from 
which the Mezereon-affection originates, and which secondarily 
causes manifold reflex actions."-Gerstel. 
The fibrous tissues especially acted upon by this drug are the 
periosteum, muscular fascia, synovial membranes, interstitial 
fibrous tissue in glands, galea aponeurotica, dura mater, and 
joints. It produces interstitial exudation, with its inanifold 
symptoms. 
"Mezereum attacks, in preference, such places as show no 
substratum of adipose tissue and such as rest on bones (tibia, 
maxillse, cheeks, hairy scalp). The same holds good in the 
mucous membranes; and we find it, as well, in the periosteum, 
especially of the long bones; and here, again, more in the tibia, 
galea aponeurotica, periosteum of the facial bones, tarsus and 
carpus : the boring pains appear simultaneously in different parts 
at different times, principally on the knees, tibia, carpus, ears, 
and maxilla inferior."-Gerstel. 
The joints have a bruised, lame feeling in them. 
Glandular System.-The salivary glands become enlarged, 
with increased secretions. The enlargement is due to interstitial 
exudation in the fibrous tissue ; the gland cells themselves are not 
much acted upon. In all probability, Mezereum acts upon the 
pancreas; but it is not proven yet. The secretions of the lym- 
phatics are perverted so as to produce great acridity of the secre- 
tions. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Large doses of this drug produce 
complete narcotism, with giddiness, tensive pain in the head, 
dilated pupils, convulsions, syncope, and death. Its action on 
the cord, posterior portion, is shown by the great chilliness and 
diminution of vital turgor. Gerstel says: "These sensations 
are only consequences of the immediate action of a morbid stim- 
ulus attacking the spinal cord, which causes, by reflex action, 
contraction of the cutaneous tissue; and thus arises the cutis an- MEZEREUM. 
623 
serina, the roughness, dryness, and brittleness. This may cause 
simultaneously an internal accumulation of blood, just as we see 
it from the action of cold air." 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Rheumatism, Syphilis, and Bone Affections.-Flying, 
stitching pains are characteristic of this remedy. 
Nervous rheumatism, or rheumatic neuralgia, worse at night, 
with flying, stitching pains along the long bones. 
"Boring, pressing pains, coming like lightning, which leave 
the parts numbed."-G. [Periosteal rheumatism.] 
"Periostitis and swelling of bones, especially on the tibia, with 
most violent nightly pains in the bones."-G. 
"Exostosis, and osseous enlargements, when of a syphilitic 
character. Hufeland recommends it very highly for such affec- 
tions ; he has effected cures in cases where Mercury proved en- 
tirely inadequate. A patient who had been afflicted a long time 
with the most distressing bone-pains of the skull was very speedily 
cured by a decoction of two drachms of the bark of Mezereum. 
In several places, the skull-bones had become enlarged, and there 
was reason to suspect the presence of extravasation or an exosto- 
sis pressing upon the brain."-Hempel. 
"Secondary syphilis discloses itself by tearing pains in the 
fibrous membranes of those bones which are the least covered by 
flesh, and they swerve, like rheumatic pains, from one ligament- 
ous formation, from one bone to another, become finally fixed at 
some spot, more rarely at several, a stasis originates, and in con- 
sequence an exanthema on the fibrous tissue of the bone, forming 
a tubercle or vesicle containing a fluid or pultaceous mass. The 
bone itself becomes secondarily affected by the deliquescence of 
the tubercle and the increased vascular activity."-Dieterich. 
[Use Iodine locally over the node; of great value.] 
"Violent pain in the tibia as if beaten, or as if the periosteum 
were torn off, after midnight disturbing sleep."-Hah. 
Violent nightly pains in the bones of the feet; rheumatism. 
"Stiff pain in the nape of the neck, and external cervical mus- 
cles, more on the right side."-Hah. [Tense, swollen, preventing 
motion.] 
"Rheumatic pains in the muscles of the scapula, making mo- 
tion difficult."-Hartlaub. [Trembling of the limbs.] 
Head.-"Hypochondriac and despondent; takes no pleasure 
in anything; everything seems to him dead, and nothing makes a 
vivid impression upon his mind."-Franz. 624 
MEZEREUM. 
Thinking is very difficult, and he is very angry at trifles. 
Can not recollect anything his mind is so confused. 
"Very violent headache; the head so sensitive it was painful 
on the slightest touch; after vexation."-Hg. 
"Pain in the bones of the skull, aggravated by touch."-Hah. 
"Sensation over the whole head as if intoxicated, or as if he 
had been up all night."-Hartlaub. [From indigestion.] 
"Headache extending from the root of the nose into the fore- 
head, as if everything would press asunder, with pain in the tem- 
ples when touched ; with great heat and perspiration on the head, 
with chilliness in the rest of the body in the morning."-Hah. 
[Catarrhal rheumatism.] 
"Head covered with a thick, leathery crust, under which pus 
collects and mats the hair."-Dr. Wahle. [Eczema.] 
Eyes.-"In eczematous inflammations of the lids, face, and 
head, characterized by thick, hard scabs, from under which pus 
exudes on pressure, Mezereum is especially useful. In blepha- 
ritis, pustular conjunctivitis, and abscess of the cornea, or ciliary 
neuralgia."-A. and N. 
"Much pressure in the eyes, with a sensation of dryness, as if 
the conjunctiva of the lids were inflamed."-Hartlaub. 
"Obstinate jerking of muscle of the left upper lid."-Gersdorff. 
"Lachrymation, with smarting in the eyes."-Hg. 
Ears.-"Sensation as though air were distending the right 
external meatus, afterward left."-Hartlaub. 
Scrofulous rheumatic otitis, with purulent discharge, after 
scarlatina. 
Nose.-Sub-acute catarrh with excoriating discharges. 
"The right nostril much inflamed, swollen, painful."-HartZm/fr. 
"Dryness, sneezing; fluent coryza; soreness, and burning."- 
Dr. Jessen. 
"Nasal catarrh, thin mucous discharge, makes the nostrils 
sore."-Gersdorff. 
"Diminished smell, nose almost constantly dry."-Hartlaub. 
Mouth.-An excellent remedy for toothache, with sensation 
as if the tooth were blunted and too long, and torn forcibly from 
the maxilla, in syphilitic or rheumatic subjects. 
"A characteristic symptom is increase of pain by touch or 
chewing, by heat, motion, and horizontal position."-Gerstel. 
"Burning in the tongue extending to the stomach."-Hughes. MEZEREUM. 
625 
Burning of the whole mouth like pepper, with salivation. 
"Scraping, burning in the palate and fauces."-Hartlaub. 
"Burning in the throat and pharynx."- 
Dry, fatiguing cough, with heat and dryness in the fauces. 
Stomach.-"'Great hunger and appetite, noon and evening, or 
complete loss of appetite."-Hartlaub. 
"Beer tastes bitter, causes vomiting, worse from wine."-Hg. 
Feeling of nausea in the throat as if he would vomit, or bitter 
vomiting, with complete loss of appetite. 
Severe burning in stomach, with acute or sub-acute gastritis. 
Abdomen.-"Stitches in the left side, in the region of the 
short ribs; or dull pains in the spleen."-Dr. Link. 
"Loud rumbling and noises in the abdomen from flatulence." 
-Hartlaub. 
Very offensive flatus per anum, W'ith tympanitis and enteritis. 
Stool.-Stools dark brown, hard balls, much straining. 
"Many discharges of fetid flatus, more before stool; soft, brown, 
sour, fermented stool,-contains glistening bodies,-undigested. 
Worse in the evening."-Hg. [Excellent in rheumatic dysentery.] 
Acute dysentery; stools of mucus and blood, much tenesmus. 
Chronic diarrhoea, with much tympanitis; cutting, colicky 
pains, stools of mucus or wratery; severe cholera morbus. 
Cholera infantum, with nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhoea. 
"Prolapsed rectum, which remains strangulated; very pain- 
ful when touched."-Hempel. [Stitching, burning pain.] 
Urine.-Sticking, tearing pains in the region of the kidneys; 
urine hot, and often loaded with blood. 
"Secretion of urine diminished."-Hg. [In rheumatic dis- 
eases.] 
"Haematuria preceded by crampy pain in the bladder."-Hg. 
"After urinating, a few drops of blood are passed."-Hah. 
"Urine hot, with reddish sediment."-Hg. [In gastro-enteric 
diseases.] 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Heat and swelling of the penis, with 
much pricking pain in the glans ; from acid urine. 
Rheumatic gonorrhoea. Testicles and scrotum swollen. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Menses too soon, profuse, and 
long lasting."-Hg. 
Ulceration of the cervix, with bloody albuminous discharge. 
Corroding, acrid leucorrhoea, in syphilitic or rheumatic women. 626 
MILLEFOLIUM. 
Respiratory Organs.-Much hoarseness, with a burning, dry 
feeling in the trachea ; dry, racking cough. 
"Hoarseness, with cough and rawness in the chest; when he 
has eaten anything, he must cough until he vomits."-Dr. Link. 
The Mezereon cough is dry, with constricting pains across the 
chest; or stitching pains; rheumatic in nature, with much pain. 
"Asthmatic constriction and oppression of the chest."-Dr. H. 
C. Allen. 
Skill.-The itching of the skin at night is so intolerable that 
the patient can not sleep; vesicular erysipelas. 
"Ulcers covered with thick whitish-yellow scabs, under which 
thick yellow pus collects."-Dr. Wahle. [Excellent counter irri- 
tant.] 
"The child scratches the face continually; it becomes covered 
with blood ; in the morning, the face is covered with a scab, which 
is constantly torn off; leaving raw, flat pustules."-Dr. Wahle. 
"Ulcers easily bleeding, sensitive, painful at night; vesicles 
appear around the ulcers that burn like fire."-Dr. Wahle. 
Scurf like fish scales on scalp, chest, thighs, and back. 
Papular, vesicular, and pustular eruptions; acute erysipelas. 
Aggravation.-Evening, night, motion, contact, and damp air. 
Amelioration.-Cold, dry open air; during the day; wrap- 
ping up the head. 
MILLEFOLIUM. 
Yarrow. 
Habitat: Europe, America, etc. Tincture of whole plant coming into bloom. Class I. 
Through the spinal nervous system, Yarrow has one special center 
of action: 
I. Venous Capillaries. Contraction; Hemostatic. 
Vascular System.-Upon the venous capillary vessels, Mille- 
folium has a powerful styptic action, as shown by its great cura- 
tive action in arresting active hemorrhages from the nose, lungs, 
bowels, and jiterus. MOSCHL'S. 
627 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
No remedy in the Materia Medica is more useful in arresting 
active hemorrhages from the nose, lungs, bowels, and sexual organs 
of women; atonic constitutions. 
"Haemoptysis and other hemorrhages inconsequence of violent 
exertions."-Hg. [Oppression and palpitation.] 
Hughes says: "The hemorrhage of Millefolium is more active 
than that of Hamamelis, and less connected with expulsive action, 
cough and vomiting, than Ipecacuanha." 
"Excessive palpitation, and bloody sputum."-Hg. 
Obstinate chronic hemorrhages from all the outlets of the 
body, with malaise and great weakness. 
Menorrhagia and metrorrhagia, with congestive headache. 
Hemorrhages from the bowels in typhoid fever, with tym- 
panitis. 
Aggravation.-Evening and at night. 
Amelioration.-During the day. 
MOSCHUS. 
Musk. 
Musk Deer; in East Asia. Trituration of the inspissated secretion from sac near prepuce. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Mosehus has three spe- 
cial centers of action: 
I. Cerebro-S. System. Excitement of the Excito-Motor System. 
II. Sexual Organs. Excessive Venereal Excitement. 
III. Circulation. Increased Vaso-Motor Capillary Spasm. 
Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.-"Mosehus has a great 
and wonderful power over the whole nervous system. It quickens 
the circulation, raises the animal temperature, and congests the 
brain, producing a drowsiness and intoxication, and causes a 
sense of oppression and anxiety in the chest. According to Sun- 
delin, about fifteen minutes after taking a scruple of Musk, a 
feeling of excitement or intoxication is experienced, with a quick- 628 
MOSCHUS. 
ened, full, soft, and more frequent pulse, and the skin is slightly 
moistened. These symptoms continue for about two hours, and 
do not leave behind them the least sense of lassitude, or confusion 
of the senses. The breath, perspiration, and urine diffuse.a strong 
Musky smell, even upon the day following the experiment. Bar- 
bier found the same smell also in the excretions of those who had 
taken Musk, and could detect it upon his own fingers after merely 
feeling the pulse of one of those persons. The serous cavities, 
and indeed the whole body, were found impregnated with the odor 
in the case of a person who had taken Musk immediately before 
death."-Stille. 
In Joerg's experiments upon eight persons, he found as follows : 
"Doses of from four to fifteen grains were followed by fullness and 
oppression at the epigastrium; by an increase in some cases, 
and in others by a diminution of appetite ; the throat and oesoph- 
agus were dry, yet there was no thirst; there was a slight wan- 
dering of the mind, and giddiness, tightness about the temples, 
neuralgic pains of the head; and some disturbance and weakness 
of the mind. In several cases, gaping, drowsiness, and lassitude 
followed; and several sensitive persons displayed considerable 
excitement of the nervous system, quivering and twitching of the 
whole body. In general, the pulse was more frequent by several 
beats than usual, and at the same time rather fuller, with in- 
creased sense of warmth, and moderate perspiration. The effects 
of the drug usually terminated in six or eight hours." 
Sexual Organs.-Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, 
"Musk has decided action upon the sexual organs. It excites the 
sexual instinct, even in old men and women who had never ex- 
perienced the least symptoms of sexual desire. A robust man 
who had been completely impotent for four years past, in conse- 
quence of a cold, recovered his virile powers by grinding up Musk 
for his employer."-Hempel. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-This is one of the most useful 
remedies we have in hysterical paroxysms and nervous excite- 
ment of the heart. 
Nervous women and children with laryngismus stridulus. 
"I know of nothing which so rapidly dissipates an hysterical 
attack, even when it has gone so far as insensibility."-Hughes. MOSCHUS. 
629 
"Hysteric spasms, with fainting; crying one moment, and the 
next moment bursts out in uncontrollable laughter."-G. [Cold- 
ness and fainting predominate.] 
"Nervous suffocative constriction of the chest."-Hughes.- 
Nervous palpitation of the heart, with copious watery urine. 
Musk is a capital stimulator of the nervous system, in hysteric 
fainting or spasms. 
"Violent sexual desire, with intolerable titillation in the geni- 
tal organs."-G. [In both male and female.] 
"Menses too early, too profuse, with intolerable titillation in 
the genital organs."-G. [Great disposition to faint.] 
Digestive Organs.-Sight of food makes her sick. 
Mouth and throat dry and hot; bitter, putrid taste; great 
thirst. 
"Eructations, with hot saliva in the mouth."-G. 
For spasmodic nervous hiccough, no remedy excels Moschus, 
especially if occurring in hysterical subjects. 
Aversion to food; eructations; nausea and vomiting; pres- 
sive, burning pains, and distention of the stomach. 
"Vomiting of food, then subsequent vomiting, and more vom- 
iting."-G. 
Excessive distention of the abdomen, with pinching pains. 
Great tympanitis in hysterical women, with fainting. 
Copious watery nightly diarrhoea, with great tympanitis. 
Kidneys.-Moschus has made some good cures of diabetes. 
"Diabetes ; profuse urination ; great thirst; emaciation ; per- 
fect loss of sexual desire, and sugar in the urine."-J. A. Young. 
"Urine, watery, profuse ; scanty, or thick like yeast."-Jessen. 
Burning in the urethra, with great nervous excitability. 
Skin.-Coldness of the skin is a leading characteristic of 
Musk, with much nervous trembling, and frequent fainting. 
Great constriction of the chest, with spasmodic suffocation, 
with involuntary movements of the extremities. 
Inflammatory diseases complicated with great nervous hyper- 
esthesia and sub-delirium ; coma vigil; subsultus and fibrillary 
palpitations; out of proportion to the graveness of the disease. 
"Spasmodic membranous croup, greatly aggravated by sleep, 
aggravation after sleep is a marked symptom."-R. Ludlam. 
Aggravation.-From cold and in the open air, and 
sleep. 
Amelioration.-From warmth and in a warm room. 630 
NATEUM MUEIATICUM. 
NATRUM MURIATIC! 
Chloride of Sodium. 
Chemical preparation. Trituration and Aqueous sol 
Antidotes.-Phos., China, Apis, Ars., Camph., Carbo veg., Iph. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Nnuriaticum 
has eleven special centers of action : 
I. Blood. Ancemia; Great Loss of Red Corpi 
II. Lymphatics. Secretions Excessively Excoi 
III. Liver. Hypertrophy; Ancemia; Jaundice; idency. 
IV. Spleen. Hypertrophy, with Great Ancemic 
V. Salivary Glands. Increased and Perverti etions. 
VI. Mucous Membranes. Congestion; Inflami 
VII. Digestive Organs. Increased Secretions; 'pation. 
VIII. Skin. Eczema; Boils; Urticaria; Fissures of Hair. 
IX. Female Sexual 0. Menses Delayed; Losie. Desire. 
X. Eyes. Excoriating Secretions. 
XI. Spinal C. (Posterior.) Great Chilliness Incemia. 
Blood.-Physiological experimentation has d;it little to 
indicate the great usefulness of this grand re. In the 
human organism, Chloride of Sodium stands in itance next 
to water. It is found in all the tissues of the (except the 
enamel of the teeth, and in about all kinds of foocy its action 
on the blood, it causes a dyscrasia resembling v-osely scor- 
butic disorganization, with disposition to angry eons, ulcers, 
and inflammation. Great diminution of the red tscles, with 
anaemia, has been produced with Salt. 
Lymphatics.-The lymphatic secretions are-eased, and 
so deteriorated that disintegration of the tissue sues. This 
prominent effect of this remedy is shown by the achryma- 
tion, so excoriating that the eyelids and cheekstriu and 
shining, and often accompanied with eczema. ran jriating, 
greenish leucorrhoea, with its acridity, is a marl-."nptom of 
Salt; also emaciation, with great weariness. NATRUM MURIATICUM. 
631 
Liver.-The action upon the liver is well marked and most 
powerful, as shown in the rich array of hepatic symptoms; and 
the excessive depression of spirits is, without doubt, due to 
hepatic affection. The provers generally became constipated 
while taking the potencies; and our Baehr commends it in chronic 
eases, where the patient has a very grayish-yellow look, the liver 
and spleen both being enlarged. The great depression of spirits ; 
yellow, earthy face; excessive hunger, especially for supper; 
longing for Salt, and unquenchable thirst,-all point to the dis- 
arrangement of the vegetative sphere of the liver. 
Spleen.-This organ is greatly enlarged, and is degenerated 
in its functions. 
Salivary and Mesenteric Glands.-The secretions of these 
glands are greatly increased and degenerated. 
Mucous Membranes.-Moderate doses of Salt taken inter- 
nally excite the mucous membranes and muscles of the primee 
vise, promote their secretions, the peristaltic motions of the intes- 
tines, and digestion. In large doses, it causes burning and pain 
in the fauces and stomach, thirst, dryness, and redness of the 
mucous lining, and desire to vomit; still larger doses cause vom- 
iting and diarrhoea, which may terminate in fatal inflammation 
of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. 
Dr. H. V. Miller says: "When taken as food, Chloride of 
Sodium aids digestion, promotes nutrition, by exciting an in- 
creased secretion of the digestive fluids, especially of saliva and 
gastric juice ; by producing various catalytic transformations ; by 
tending to regulate the phenomena of endosmosis and exosmosis, 
and by holding in solution the albumen and the blood-corpuscles." 
Skin.-"Dryness and cracking of the skin about the finger- 
nails, constituting hang-nails. (Rhus toxicodendron, Sulphur.) 
It powerfully affects the nutrition of the hair follicles, causing or 
■curing Alopecia. The whiskers and the hair of the head and 
mons veneris fall out. There is itching of the vulva, with falling- 
nut of the hair of the parts."-77. F. Miller. 
The long-continued use of Salt produces most malignant 
eczema, boils, urticarious and similar eruptions. 
Sexual Organs.-Salt delays the menstrual function, and in 
men diminishes the sexual desire. 
Eyes.-This drug is rich in eye symptoms, and has proved an 
efficient remedy in a great variety of eye troubles. It produces NATRUM MURIATICUM. 
632 
itching and burning in the eyes; with a feeling of sand in them ; 
sharp pain over the eyes on looking down; lachrymation very 
acrid, excoriating, making the lids red and sore ; or the discharge 
is thin, watery, and excoriating. Great aching in the eyes on 
looking intently at anything. Pustules and ulcers of the cornea. 
Spine.-Natrum muriaticum acts prominently upon the spine, 
affecting more particularly the posterior portion, which is shown 
by the great preponderance of chilliness, lasting for hours, in the 
fevers where it is indicated. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Fever.-The vegetative nervous system is most profoundly 
prostrated, as shown by the emaciation, ansemia, weariness, and 
complete prostration of the vital forces. 
Salt is indicated in inveterate, badly treated, or recent cases 
of intermittent fever, and it is especially useful in intermittents 
after the abuse of Quinine, with sallow complexion and great de- 
bility. The congestion of blood to the head, with a bursting 
headache, is most intense. During the hot stage, excessive 
thirst; but the chilly stage predominates, and hydroa are soon 
developed upon the lips. 
"There soon appears an eruption of hydroa, or fever blisters, 
which cover like pearls the upper and lower lip."-Raue. 
These hydroa upon the lips in intermittents are a positive and 
certain indication for Natrum muriaticum. 
"Lips dry, cracked; upper lip swollen; breaks out round the 
mouth."-Hg. [Bursting headache, with melancholy.] 
In spinal intermittents, the chill is more apt to come on in 
the forenoon, and is long lasting, followed by long-lasting dry 
heat and but slight perspiration. It is taught by every writer, that 
the chill must come on about 11 a. m.,for Natrum muriaticum to 
be curative. This is all bosh and nonsense. I have cured many, 
many cases of chronic and acute intermittents where the chill has 
come on late in the afternoon. If the rest of the symptoms indi- 
cate this remedy, it makes no difference when the chill com- 
mences. And let me say here, that Salt will cure more cases 
of intermittent fever, both acute and chronic, especially the 
chronic, than any other known remedy. With the thirtieth dilu- 
tion, I have cured several hundred cases with this drug alone. 
It is the best friend a physician has in a malarious district. 
And, in this connection, I can not do better than to quote, from NATRUM MURIATICUM. 
633 
the North American Journal for 1878, Dr. C. Brooke's remarks on 
this remedy. Although I have never used it in his form, I place 
great confidence in what he says: "During my travels in Hun- 
gary, in the malarious plains of the Theiss and Maros, as well as 
during a prolonged residence among the Guarosi Indians, of 
South America, I used a cheap remedy which radically cures 
every case of ague in twenty-four hours by taking one or, at the 
utmost, two doses of it. I order a good handful of fine, clean 
kitchen Salt to be thoroughly roasted-if possible, in a new pan, 
or, at least, one thoroughly cleansed-over a slow fire, till it takes 
on a brown color, similar to that of lightly roasted coffee. From 
this roasted Salt, a grown-up man takes a full tablespoonful, 
rather more than less, dissolved in a glass of hot water, at once, 
on the morning following the paroxysm, on an empty stomach, 
and, in quotidian fever, a few hours after the paroxysm is over. 
As the remedy is only sure of its action on an empty stomach, 
neither food nor drink must be taken. Though great thirst fol- 
low, the patient must only sip a little water through straw's; and, 
where the patient becomes hungry, forty-eight hours after taking 
the Salt, he might take a little chicken broth, or a little beef tea. 
Strict diet and great care not to catch cold, are of the utmost im- 
portance. I have used this remedy for the last eighteen years; 
and it has never failed in a single case when rightly applied. 
Hundreds of cases in Hungary were cured by it; and, during my 
voyage to Buenos Ayres, the mate of the steamer Ibis was cured 
by a single dose in twenty-four hours from an ague which had 
troubled him periodically for years, and the cure remained 
permanent. In the tropics of America, every European immi- 
grant, as soon as he goes inland, is attacked by intermittent 
fever, which, if neglected, is too frequently fatal. Thus, four 
hundred English people succumbed to it in the most paludal 
forests of Stape, in spite of the immense doses of Quinine and 
brandy taken; wdiereas, the equally suffering German colony in 
the adjacent department of Haqua and Paraguay took their 
roasted Salt, and no death occurred among them." 
"Hard chill about 11 a. m., with great thirst, which continues 
through all the stages; the heat is characterized by the most 
violent headache."-Raue. [Bursting headache is its great key.] 
"Chill predominates; chilliness internally, as from want of 
natural heat, with icy coldness of the hands and feet."-Lippe. 
"Continuous chilliness from morning till noon."-Lippe. 634 
NATRUM MURIATICUM. 
"Continuous heat in the afternoon, with violent headache and 
unconsciousness ; they are gradually relieved during the perspira- 
tion which follows."-Lippe. [Hydroa upon lips.] 
"Apyrexia never clear; emaciation, languor, debility; livid, 
sallow complexion; stitches about the liver and spleen; urine 
muddy, with red, sandy sediment; loss of appetite; loss of taste ; 
aversion to bread and meat; sensation of fullness of the stomach 
after eating ever so little, and hydroa on the lips like beads, and 
ulceration of the labial commissures."-Dr. H. C. Allen. 
"Headache commences in chill, increased in fever; partially 
relieved by sweat. Receding type; worse afternoon and night." 
-H. C. Allen. 
"Thirst for large quantities of w7ater before the chill; this 
thirst continues through the paroxysm; violent chill with head- 
ache ; after the chill, the headache increases greatly; feels as 
if the brain were being beaten with thousands of little hammers. 
After the fever, sweat, and the patient wishes to lie a long time. 
If the disease lasts long, the corners of the mouth become sore, 
.and finally the lips."-G. 
Chronic cases, with great enlargement of the spleen and liver, 
with great hydraemia and weakness, constipation and loss of 
appetite. 
Head.-Extreme despondency is the leading characteristic of 
the mind symptoms of this drug. (Malaria.) 
"Melancholy, depressed, and weeping, consolation aggravates." 
-Hah. 
"Sad and weeping mood, without cause."-Schwartz. 
Great melancholy; prefers to be alone, in intermittents; very 
irritable; the least thing puts him out of humor. 
Great loss of memory, with vertigo, and great dullness of the 
head. 
Fullness in the head, which seems to press out the eyes; 
pressing pain as if the head would burst. (Malarial.) 
"Dull headache almost constantly."-Hah. 
Violent throbbing headache; seems as though the forehead 
would burst. 
"Heavy and pressive pain in forehead above the eyes."-Hah. 
"Dreams at night of robbers being in the room, so vividly 
that she will not be satisfied till the house has been searched."-G. 
"Somnambulistic rising, and sitting about the room."-G. 
Headache as if bursting; beating, or stitches through the 
neck and chest; with heat in the head, red face, nausea and vom- NATRUM MURIATICUM. 
635 
iting, before, during, and after catamenia, or during the fever 
stage of ague, decreasing gradually after the sweat. 
Awakens every morning with a violent bursting headache. 
"Great inclination to weep, with great debility and thirst."-G. 
"Stitches as with knives in the occiput."-Halt,. 
"Falling-out of the hair; great sensitiveness of scalp."-Hah. 
"Violent itching of the head and neck."-Hah. 
Eyes.-"Excessively sore, red, disgusting eyelids."-Itaue. 
[Lids look like raw beef.] 
"Redness of the white of the eye, with lachrymation."-Hah. 
"Inflammation of the conjunctiva, with a feeling as if the 
balls were too large and compressed."-Hah. 
"The eyes give out on reading and writing, With pressing pains 
extending into the head."-Hah. [From anaemia.] 
"Sensitive, dry sensation in the eyes, as after weeping a long 
time, while riding in a carriage."-Schreter. [Mucous membrane 
dry.] 
"Burning in the eyes, with increased secretion of mucus; lids 
agglutinated in the morning, with great sensitiveness to sunlight." 
-Schwartz. 
"Sensation as if sand were in the eye in the morning."-Hah. 
"Pressure in the eye on looking intently at anything."-Hah. 
"The discharge from the eye, is thin, watery, and excoriating, 
the photophobia marked; lids spasmodically closed; and the 
skin of the face about the eye, glossy and shining."-A. and N. 
Pustules and ulcers of the cornea. (Chronic form.) 
"Very useful in blepharitis ; the thick, inflamed lids smart and 
burn, with acrid lachrymation."-A. and N. 
Hyperaesthesia of the retina, with burning lachrymation. 
"For asthenopia, particularly muscular, we possess no better 
remedy, especially if there is a drawing, stiff sensation in the 
muscles of the eyes upon moving them, with heat in the eyes."- 
A. and N. 
"Ciliary neuralgia, can bear no light; coming and going with 
the sun; feeling as if the eyes were being pulled out."-A. and N. 
Chlorotic females, with vertigo, sadness, congestive headache. 
"Unsteadiness of vision; objects become confused on looking 
at them ; letters run together."-Hah. 
"Small fiery points constantly before the eyes."-Hah. 
Ears.-"Drawing and stitching pains from the ear down to the 
neck or shoulder; or from the teeth up to the ear; noises in the 
ear; rushing and ringing; deafness."-D. [Chronic non-suppu- 
rating catarrh.] 636 
NATRUM MURIATICUM. 
Chronic catarrhal otitis, with acrid discharges. 
Nose.-"Inflammation and swelling of the left half of the 
nose, with itching and pain when touched."-Hah. 
"Excessive fluent coryza, with loss of smell and taste."-Hah. 
"Stoppage of the nose; he easily takes cold in the head, is 
constantly obliged to wrap it up; if he allows it to be uncovered 
during the day, he has stoppage of the nose at night."-Hah. 
Soreness of the nose, with great dryness of the mucous mem- 
brane. 
"Epistaxis from stooping, but especially on coughing and at 
night, with soreness in all the limbs."-D. 
One teaspoonful of Salt to a tumbler of water, drawn or 
sprayed through the nostrils, is about the best local application 
that can be used in chronic nasal catarrh. 
Mouth.-The gums bleed easily, very sensitive to either cold 
or warmth or pressure; tongue appears dry. 
"Ulcer on the gum ; painful day and night for weeks."-Hah. 
"Scorbutic, putrid inflammation of the gums; bloody saliva, 
and difficulty of talking, as if the organs of speech were weak."- 
Raue. [Tongue feels dry and stiff.] 
"White-coated tongue, or map tongue."-Raue. 
"Great complaints about the dryness of the tongue, which is 
not very dry."-Lippe. [This is very characteristic.] 
"Blisters on tongue, with burning pain when eating."-Halt. 
"Tongue heavy and clumsy, as if paralyzed."-D. 
"Persistent dryness of the mouth, especially of the tongue."- 
Dr. Wurstel. 
The desire to smoke is completely lost in malarial fevers. 
"Great aversion to bread, of which she was very fond."-Hg. 
Bitter or salty taste. 
Bread is disgusting to the patient; loss of taste, or bitter taste. 
"A marked indication for this remedy is dryness of various 
portions of the mucous membranes; it has dryness of the lips, 
mouth, tongue, posterior nares, larynx, and vagina."-Dr. H. V. 
Miller. 
Throat.-Much mucus in the throat, with frequent hawking. 
"Frequent hawking of salty mucus."-Dr. Wurstel. 
"Sensation as of a plug in the throat, also when not swal- 
lowing, with rawness, and a feeling as if everything would be 
closed by the swelling."-Hah. [Globus.] NATRUM MURIATICUM. 
637 
Digestive Organs.-Pressure and distention of the stomach, 
with great longing for salty food. 
"Feeling of great hunger, as if the stomach were empty, but 
no appetite."-G. [Nausea at the sight of food.] 
"She always has heartburn after eating."-G. [Excessive 
thirst; stomach burns.] 
Very violent and unquenchable thirst, in malarial fevers. 
"Burning and fullness in the stomach."-Hah. 
"Much nausea, particularly in females using salty food."-G. 
"She has heartburn after eating."-G. [Stomach burns.] 
I find this remedy useful in both acute and chronic dyspepsia ; 
indigestion'and hepatic derangement. The bilious and dyspeptic 
symptoms are very marked and obstinate. Eating produces a 
dull aching distention about the liver and abdomen. 
Chronic watery diarrhoea, with fever, dry mouth, and thirst; 
aggravated by moving about, with much thirst. 
"Alternate constipation and diarrhoea."-H. V. Miller. 
Alternate constipation and diarrhoea, with spasm of sphincter. 
Constipation, with sensation of contraction of the anus. 
"Difficult expulsion of stool, leaving a sensation of much sore- 
ness in the anus ; with ripping sensation."-Hg. 
"Ripping-up sensation in the anus after stool."-G. 
"No desire for stool; prolonged constipation ; perspiring."-G. 
"Excoriating diarrhoea like water, only in the day-time; the' 
throat and neck of children emaciate rapidly, particularly during 
summer-complaint."-Hg. [Much emaciation.] 
Sensation of contraction of the rectum during a stool; faeces 
evacuated with great difficulty; stools dry and crumbling. 
Alternate constipation and diarrhoea, with burning in the anus. 
Of great value in obstinate constipation. 
Urinary Organs.-Cutting and burning after urinating, from 
acid urine, copious watery urine. 
Mucous discharges after urinating, causing itching, burning. 
"Frequent desire to urinate, with copious flow of light, watery 
urine."-Hg. 
"Polyuria; thirst for large quantities of water."-Hg. [Much 
emaciation.] 
Tension and heat in renal region; urine dark, like coffee. 
"Urine passed involuntarily when walking, coughing, or laugh- 
Has been used successfully in hsematuria, especially from 
scurvy. 638 
NATRUM MURIATICUM. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"Frequent pollution, followed by 
chilliness and lassitude; sexual desire increased."-D. 
"Excessive irritability of the sexual instinct, but with physical 
weakness."-Hg. [Loss of hair from the pubes.] 
"After sexual excesses, paralysis."-Hg. [Scrotum relaxed.] 
"Gleet-like discharge of clear mucus, with emaciation."-Hg. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Menses retarded and scanty, pre- 
ceded by anxiety and disposition to faint, or nausea with sweet 
taste and bloody sputa, with constipation."-D. 
Scanty and delaying menstruation is a prominent key for the 
use of Salt, with anaemia and great chilliness. 
"This remedy is indicated in females whose menses delay and 
decrease more and more; and every morning they awaken with a 
violent headache."-G. 
"Nexy sad and gloomy during the menses, with much palpita- 
tion of the heart, and morning headache."-G. 
"At the menstrual nisus, sweet rising from the stomach, and 
spitting of bloody saliva, with terrible sadness."-G. 
"Pressure and pushing toward the genital organs every morn- 
ing; she has to sit down to prevent prolapsus uteri."-G. 
"Uterine cramps, with burning and cutting in the groins."-G. 
"Greenish leucorrhoea, particularly when walking in the morn- 
ing."-G. 
"Acrid, corroding leucorrhoea, itching of the vulva."-Jessen. 
"Dryness of the vagina, which is painful during coition."-G. 
"Much itching of vulva, with pimple on the mons veneris."-G. 
"Falling-off of the hair from the mons veneris and labia."-G. 
"Chlorosis, chronic cases; cachectic individuals, with dead, 
dirty skin; frequent palpitation of the heart; fluttering, oppres- 
sion, and anxiety in the chest."-G. 
Slow labors, from sad feelings and forebodings. 
Respiratory Organs.-"Dry catarrh of larynx and trachea; 
cough dry, tickling, or with yellow or bloody sputa ; voice hoarse; 
breathing anxious, oppressed."-Dr. H. C. Jessen. 
"Hoarseness in morning with much mucus in throat."-Hah. 
"Cough caused by tickling in the throat; vomiting of food, 
and great loss of breath day and night."-Hah. 
"Stitches in the chest and sides ; shortness of breathing."-Hg. 
"The heart's pulsations shake the body, with morning head- 
ache, from motion."-Hg. [From hydrtemia and scurvy.] 
" Sensation of violent constriction in the heart; great oppres- 
sion in breathing, with an intermittent pulse."-Dr. W. Huber. NUX MOSCHATA.. 
639 
"Pulse very rapid and intermittent; pulse-beat felt over the 
whole body."-Hah. [Pulsation often in epigastrium J 
Skin.-"Skin dirty, dry, withered; unhealthiness in general; 
all varieties of eruptions, but especially the vesicular form."-Dr. 
H. C. Jessen. [Acrid eczema.] 
"Itching eruption on margin of hair and nape of neck."-Hah. 
"Large red blotches like hives, that itch terribly."-Hg. 
"Tetter in bends of joints; oozing of an acrid fluid."-Hg. 
Great emaciation, with vesicular eruption; scurvy. 
"After great bodily exertion, nettle-rash appears, with terrible 
itching."-Hg. 
"Hang-nails; skin around the nails dry and cracked."-Hg. 
"Painful contraction of the hamstrings."-Hg. 
"After all kinds of cauterization with Nitrate of Silver."-Hg. 
Great emaciation; easily fatigued; complete mental and physical 
prostration. The great weakness and weariness should be always 
kept in mind. 
Aggravation.-Mornings ; periodically; heat in general; after 
exertion, and after lying down. 
Amelioration.-In open air; noon; from sitting up, and 
while fasting. 
NUX MOSCHATA. 
Nutmeg. 
Habitat: Molucca Islands, etc. Trituration. Tincture of dried kernels. Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Camphor, Nux vomica, Opium, Zincum, Valerian. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Nux moschata has three 
special centers of action: 
I. Cerebro-Spinal System. Insomnia; Hypercesthesia; Paralysis. 
IL Ovario-Uterine Organs. Hysterical Condition. 
III. Digestive Organs. Great Dryness of the Mouth; Indigest'n. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-The action of large doses (two 
drachms) seems to be mostly spent upon the brain and spinal 
cord, as shown by the drowsiness, sometimes increased to stupor 
and insensibility, with wild delirium. Dr. Schmidius relates a 640 
NLX MOSCHATA. 
case of a nobleman, aged thirty-six, in whom four Nutmegs seemed 
completely to overwhelm the nervous system. He remained 
in a state of coma vigil for three days, on emerging from which, 
his memory was entirely lost. Continued fever supervened, with 
insomnia and palpitation; and at length paralysis of all the 
limbs. 
Ovario-Eterine Organs.-Through the excito-motor tract of 
the spine, Nux moschata affects the ovario-uterine organs, pro- 
ducing a similar state to that of hysteria. 
Digestive Organs.-Paresis, and general state of indigestion. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Sleep, and Mental Symptoms.-Sleepy, drowsy state, with 
a tendency to faint. 
"All the ailments are accompanied by sleepiness and an incli- 
nation to faint."-Lippe. [Coma vigil.] 
"Sleepiness in some cases, disposition to faint in others, are 
remarkably characteristic of this drug. "-F. 
"Very sluggish flow of ideas."-Hg. [With insomnia.] 
"Sudden change from grave to gay, from lively to serene."-G. 
"Absence of mind, can not think; indifferent to everything." 
-Helbig. 
"Intoxicated condition, with absence of mind."-Helbig. 
"Changeable humor, one moment laughing and the next cry- 
ing."-Helbig. 
Head.-"Pressive headache in a small spot above the left 
frontal eminence."-Helbig. [In hysteria.] 
"Head seemed bulky, and rolled around almost uncontrollably, 
being obliged to bring to its support one or both hands, while sit- 
ting at a table."-Martin. 
"Pain especially in the temples ; on shaking the head, there is 
a feeling of looseness, as if the brain beat against the skull; the 
head feels hot and can not be touched."-Derle. 
"While eating, soon satisfied; headache from eating a little 
too much."-Hg. 
"Spasms of the head and forehead."-Hg. [Hysterical.] 
Eyes.-Excessive dryness of the eyes. 
"Sensation of dryness in the eyes; can move eyelids only with 
difficulty."-Hah. 
"Objects look too large; hand looked double its size."-Martin. NL'X MOSCHATA. 
641 
"Pupils greatly dilated and insensible."-Bosch. 
"Blindness with fainting. "-Hg. [Face pale, in hysterical sub- 
jects.] 
Mouth.-"Awakens with a very dry mouth ; tongue is so dry it 
sticks to the mouth."-G. 
"Very great dryness of the mouth; the saliva seemed like cot- 
ton."-Helbig. [Its greatest characteristic.] 
"Sensation of so great dryness in the mouth and on the tongue 
that it seems as though the tongue would remain hanging to the 
palate, without real thirst and without actual dryness of the 
tongue."-Hah. 
"Taste like chalk in the morning fasting."-Helbig. 
"Dryness of throat; it feels stiffened, without thirst."-Helbig. 
Speech difficult from paralysis of the tongue. 
"Pains in the teeth from inhaling cold air, or taking warm 
drinks."-Hg. 
"Feeling as if the teeth were being grasped to be pulled out." 
-Raue. 
"Scraping dryness in the throat."-Helbig. 
"So great dryness of the throat that he could not swallow a 
bite of an apple."-Heyder. [In hysterical subjects.] 
Stomach.- Increased appetite. 
"Very great hunger at noon; stomach feels oppressed but 
wants more."-Heyder. 
Inclination to sleep, with nausea and vomiting. 
"Fullness in the stomach impeding breathing."-Hg. [Hys- 
terical indigestion.] 
Abdomen.-"Enormous distention of the abdomen after every 
meal."-G. [Very characteristic.] 
"Nervous irritation of the intestinal tract; stomach and abdo- 
men especially distended, all her symptoms worse after every 
unpleasant emotion."-G. [Paralysis of the tongue and speech.] 
"Pressure in the liver as from something sharp, as if stones 
were pressing out, or would cut their way out; accompanied by 
diarrhceic stools."-Helbig. [No thirst, but dry mouth.] 
"Rumbling and gurgling in the abdomen; from the movement 
of gas."-Helbig. 
"Diarrhoea, with disposition to faint."-F. 
"Diarrhoea, undigested, or like chopped eggs, with loss of ap- 
petite, and great sleepiness; in summer with children."-Hg. 
"Chronic diarrhoea caused by pregnancy."-G. 642 
NUX MOSCHATA. 
"Stools soft, but Voided with difficulty."-Helbig. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Weak erections, with voluptuous 
thoughts, great relaxation of the genitals; impotence. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early and too profuse; 
blood thick and black; tongue and mouth always very dry after 
sleeping. 
"At every menstrual nisus, the throat, mouth, and tongue 
become intolerably dry, particularly when sleeping."-G. 
"Leucorrhoea in women who always awaken with a very dry 
tongue."-G. [Indigestion and insomnia.] 
"Suppression of menses from exposure to wet, with severe 
pains in the abdomen."-F. 
"Menorrhagia; blood thick, dark; with such as have had cat- 
amenia very irregularly."-Hg. 
During pregnancy has great fullness of the stomach, with diffi- 
culty in breathing, and dry tongue. 
Spasmodic labor-like pains ; hysterical women. 
Respiratory Organs.-Hoarseness; nervous aphonia in hys- 
terical women, with dry tongue. 
"Sudden hoarseness from walking against the wind."-Hg. 
"Cough when becoming warm in bed."-Hg. 
Dry nervous, hysterical cough; always awakens with a dry 
tongue. 
"Oppression of the chest, and rush of blood to the heart."- 
Heyder. 
"Feeling as if the blood were rushing to the heart, thence to 
the head, and then all over the body."-Dr. R. Roberts. 
Palpitation of the heart, with fainting, and sleepy feeling. 
"Slow, small pulse."-Dr. R. Roberts. [In hysterical subjects.] 
Back.-"Pain as if broken in the small of the back."-Helbig. 
"Pain at the side of the lumbar vertebrae, as if caused by a 
blow of the fist."-Helbig. 
"Great pressure in the back, from within outward, during the 
menses."-G. 
"Pain in the sacrum when riding in a carriage."-Hg. 
Limbs.-Numbness of the extremities. 
"Feeling as though the bones of the leg had been smashed to> 
pieces."-Heyder. [Hysterical rheumatism.] 
"Tingling in the toes as if they had been frozen."-Heyder. 
Pain in the limbs from cold, damp weather. 643 
NUX MOSCHATA. 
"Very great weakness of the knees, with sleepiness."-Grimmer. 
Great weakness and fatigue; has to lie down from the least 
exertion, with sleepiness or coma vigil. 
Hysterical convulsions ; with a stupid, sleepy state. 
"Adapted to people with a dry skin and who do not perspire 
easily."-Raue. 
It is especially to be thought of in all neurotic hysterical dis- 
eases, where the patient always awakens with a feeling of a very 
dry mouth and tongue. 
Aggravation.-In cold, wet, windy weather; open air; motion 
and night. 
Amelioration.-From warmth; during rest; dry, settled 
weather, and in a room. 644 
NUX VOMICA. 
NUX VOMICA. 
Strychnos Nux Vomica. 
Habitat: East India, etc. Trituration. Tincture of the pulverized button. Claes IV. 
Antidotes.-Verat. vir., Camph., Bell., Coff., Op., Aeon , Cocc., Chloral, Wine, Tannin. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Nux vomica has fifteen 
special centers of action : 
I. Cord. (Gray Port'n.) Tetanic Convul.; Death fr. Asphyxia. 
II. Motor Nerves. Exhaustion; Paralysis. 
III. Sensory Nerves. Hyperesthesia. 
IV. Eyes. Pupil Contracted; Hyperesthesia; Vision Increased. 
V. Ears. Hearing Augmented. 
VI. Nose. Sense of Smell Increased. 
VII. Circulation. Vaso-M. Spas.; Increased Arte. Blood-Press. 
VIII. Heart. Paresis of Inhibitory Nerves. 
IX. Stomach. Increased Appetite; Acid Vomiting; Gastralgia. 
X. Intestinal Canal. Constipation; Hemorrhoids. 
XT. Bladder. Paralysis of Muscular Coat; Incontinence. 
XII. Sexual 0., Male. Increased Sexual Desire; Impotence. 
XIII. Sexual 0., Female. Menses too Soon; Last too Long. 
XIV, Lungs. Dry Cough; Flatulent Asthma. 
XV. Blood. Oxidation Arrested. 
Spinal Cord.-Nux vomica, and its Alkaloid Strychnia, acts 
upon the entire gray matter of the central nervous system, espe- 
cially centering upon the tubular gray matter of the pons, me- 
dulla, and cervical portion, more than upon the dorsal and 
lumbar cord; and the characteristic tetanus is due to the specific 
action it has upon the axial tract. "When a lethal dose of Nux 
vomica, or of its Alkaloids, has been taken, characteristic symp- 
toms follow in a few minutes. The state of the stomach as to 
food, the presence of tannic acid in the food, and of fat probably, 
also the condition of the blood-vessels, influence the rate of ab- 
sorption; and symptoms may begin in a few minutes, or be NUX VOMICA. 
645 
delayed an hour or even longer. When a full medicinal dose has 
been taken, some slight shuddering, a sense of constriction of the 
fauces and jaws, sudden pains like electric shocks passing 
through the limbs, startings of some of the voluntary muscles, 
dilated pupils, 'a meaningless smile,' paleness of the face, fol- 
lowed by flushing and increased warmth of the surface and per- 
spiration, are symptoms which may be produced without further 
development of a toxic action. If the dose be large enough to 
cause death, the above-described symptoms are quickly followed 
by tetanic convulsions, in which nearly all the voluntary muscles 
are engaged. When the paroxysm occurs, a shudder passes 
through the whole frame; the head and extremities jerk and 
twitch, and then suddenly a general tonic convulsion takes place, 
-the limbs are extended, the hands clenched, the toes and feet 
incurvated, the head bent backward, the body arched and rigid, 
the abdominal muscles hard and tense, the respiratory muscles 
fixed so that the body, curved in the form of a bow, rests on the 
occiput and heels. The countenance assumes a ghastly grin,- 
the risus sardonicus; the arrest of the respiratory movements sus- 
pends oxidation of the blood, and the skin becomes cyanosed ; 
strong erections of the penis occur, and frequently involuntary 
evacuations of semen, urine, and faeces, take place. Rarely does 
death ensue in the first paroxysm; the spasm relaxes, and 
nothing remains of the attack but the muscular soreness and 
fatigue, and the sense of impending dissolution. Absolute quiet 
[and darknessj retards the paroxysms. At first, the senses are 
preternaturally acute, and, as the reflex function is abnormally 
excitable, the slightest peripheral irritation suffices to bring on 
the spasms. Generally, patients experience comfort when the 
limbs are strongly held, or even rubbed, during the paroxysms; 
but, in the interval, absolute quiet is most grateful. The mind 
remains unaffected until the close, or, at least, until carbonic- 
acid poisoning sets in. The paroxysms rapidly succeed each 
other, and increase in duration and severity, death occurring 
usually by fixation of the muscles of respiration, or by exhaus- 
tion, and within two hours, usually, from the beginning of symp- 
toms. . . . The effects of Strychnia are exerted on the spinal 
cord, on the seat of the motor functions. It does not affect the 
functions of the motor nerves directly,-the irritability of the 
motor nerves is not destroyed by Strychnia, it is exhausted by 
over-stimulation. The sensory nerves are unaffected, or their 
irritability is increased. The reflex functions of the spinal cord 
are exalted. The afferent nerves, preserving their irritability, 646 
NUX VOMICA. 
communicate impressions to the reflex centers, motor impulses 
are quickly originated, and the muscles, through the motor 
nerves, are fixed in a state of tonic contraction. The over- 
stimulation of the cord and the motor nerves exhausts the irri- 
tability of the latter. The muscles preserve their contractility." 
-Bartliolow. 
"The tetanic convulsions which characterize poisoning by 
Strychnine indicate, a priori, a change in the nerve centers, 
especially in the spinal marrow, wrought by the poison. The 
numerous researches which have been made upon the action of 
Strychnine in animals all agree on this point, that it is primarily 
the gray substance of the spinal marrow upon which Strychnine 
acts poisonously."-Ziemssen. 
The following excellent resume of the effects of Strychnia, I 
take from the prize essay of E. C. Spitzka, M. D., that drew the 
$250 prize offered by Dr. Wm. A. Hammond, of the American 
Neurological Association: i 
"Strychnia is a poison to all forms of animal life. 
"Strychnia exercises its influence upon animals by affecting 
the central nervous apparatus and the vaso-motor system; but 
it can act fatally on animal forms possessing neither of these sys- 
tems, and must, therefore, be considered as acting lethally on all 
complex tissues. 
"Strychnia acts upon the gray matter, on all gray matter 
alike, and affects both its sensory and motor elements. 
"The white nervous matter and the peripheral nerves, play 
but the passive role of conductors. 
"Strychnia does not affect the nerves or muscles locally. 
"It affects the peripheral end organs of special sense locally. 
"Strychnia produces tonic spasms in all vertebrates. 
"In higher vertebrates, clonic spasms are added. 
"This difference between higher and lower vertebrates in this 
respect, is probably due to the difference of the nervous system. 
"The clonic spasms are more intense, cteteris paribus, in 
smaller than in larger animals. 
"In higher animals, the spasms are due to the action of the 
Alkaloid on the axial parts of the nervous system, the pons, 
medulla, and cord. 
"The maximum of the tetanizing influence is intra-cranial, 
and thence it gradually diminishes toward the posterior extremity 
of the cord. 
" Strychnia kills the lower vertebrates directly by nervous ex- 
haustion ; the higher, as a rule, by asphyxia and venous conges- NUX VOMICA. 
647 
tion of the nervous system, in addition. In very large doses, it is 
directly lethal to the nervous system. . . . 
"In large doses, cortical (epileptiform) spasms are produced. 
"It produces no visible changes either in the nerve-fibers or 
nerve cells, whether given for a short or long period. 
"Lesions are found after death from Strychnia, which are not 
due to its direct local effect, but to secondary results. 
"Chronic permanent lesions are produced in the course of 
chronic Strychnia-tetanus, which are also referable to secondary 
influences. 
"Strychnia increases the reflex excitability; but not all 
Strychnia spasms are due to this factor; some depend upon 
direct irritation of the motor cells. 
"Strychnia is present in every organ of the body, after admin- 
istration ; it is found in all parts of the brain, cord, and nerves, 
but in greater quantities in the gray than in white nerve tissues. 
"There is no true antidote to Strychnia, although various 
agents which diminish reflex excitability, and paralyze the mus- 
cles, or alter the tonus of nerve-fibers, may enable an animal to 
survive the effects of otherwise fatal doses. But these means 
fail with larger doses." [Full doses of Veratrum viride will anti- 
dote Strychnia-poisoning.] 
Motor Nerves.-"That the motor centers are acted upon by 
Strychnia, is proven by the ingenious experiment of Van Deen. 
That investigator removed the viscera, vessels, etc., from a frog, 
so as to leave nothing below the second cervical vertebra but the 
bones, nerves, and muscles; then, opening the spinal cord in the 
region of the third vertebra, he cut entirely through the anterior 
columns of the cord, and finally divided all the tissues, so that 
the anterior portion of the frog was connected with the posterior 
solely by the posterior columns of the cord. When one or two 
drops of a solution of Strychnia were placed in the mouth of the 
prepared batrachian, tetanus, confined to the anterior segment 
of the body, was developed; and it was also found, that, while 
irritation of the posterior feet caused in them only ordinary reflex 
movements, in the front legs tetanic spasms were simultaneously 
induced. It appears to be proven by the evidence adduced in 
this and other experiments, that Strychnia is a powerful stimu- 
lant to the motor cells of the spinal cord. 
"The action of Strychnia upon the motor nerves has been a 
subject of considerable controversy. After death from Strychnia, 
the functions of the motor nerves are always found to be more or 648 
NUX VOMICA. 
less impaired, so that galvanization of the nerve-trunk either 
only produces very feeble contractions in the tributary, or else 
none at all. Of this fact, there would seem to be no doubt; it 
has been attested on the evidence of personal experiment by 
many observers, among whom are Matteucci, Moreau, Wittich, 
and Vulpian. Now, it is evident that this absence of response 
may be due to loss of functional power in either muscle or nerve. 
Sometimes the muscle may be at fault; but, as Matteucci insists, 
and as has been noted by many observers, not rarely-indeed 
most generally-in the frog, galvanization of the nerve fails to 
elicit response, although the muscle preserves its irritability. 
"It having been proven that the functional power of the motor 
nerves is destroyed in Strychnia-poisoning, the question arises, 
Is this destruction a direct action of the poison ? or, is it simply 
the exhaustion of over-use, due to the intense activity of the 
nerve during the stage of spasm ? It can not be gainsaid that the 
power of the nerve is lessened by the strain upon it during the 
convulsions; and Kolliker concludes that this is the sole cause of 
the nerve-paralysis; because, when he cut the sciatic nerve of a 
frog and exhibited Strychnia, the divided nerve would respond to 
galvanic stimuli after all functional power had been lost in the 
nerve whose connection with the centers was intact. Granting 
the experimental fact, it would only prove that contact of the 
■poison was not the sole cause of the motor-nerve paralysis ; as it 
is plain, although both nerves suffered this contact, yet the unin- 
jured suffered it plus exhaustion from excessive use. The con- 
clusion is, moreover, opposed by the fact attested by Vulpian and 
other observers, that an overdose of Strychnia kills the frog with- 
out the induction of spasms by general paralysis, with total loss 
of power in nerve-trunks, evidently a direct action of the poison. 
"MM. Martin-Magron and Buisson have investigated very 
elaborately this action of Strychnia upon the nerves ; and the cor- 
rectness of their experiments and results seems to me scarcely 
questionable. They found, that, if the sciatic nerve of a frog was 
divided, and a sufficiently large dose of the Strychnia adminis- 
tered, the divided sciatic lost its irritability, although, unless the 
dose was very large, not so soon as did its fellow. Vulpian has 
confirmed this; and the opposite result of Kolliker, no doubt, 
depended upon his not using sufficiently large doses of the Alka- 
loid, or upon his testing the nerve too early. Martin-Magron and 
Buisson also tied all the tissues of a frog's leg except the nerve, 
and then, on exhibiting Strychnia, found that convulsions ceased 
in the poisoned, much sooner than in the non-poisoned, leg, and. NUX VOMICA. 
649 
that at a certain time irritation of the poisoned foot would induce 
tetanic spasms only in the non-poisoned member,-proof that the 
afferent nerve-fibers of the poisoned leg were not affected, and 
that the motor nerves were paralyzed wherever the poison had 
access to them; and that to this, not to spinal exhaustion, was 
due the general paralysis. 
"M. Vulpian affirms that he has repeated this experiment 
many times, and always obtained the same result as Martin- 
Magron and Buisson. It would seem to prove that Strychnia in 
very large doses paralyzes the efferent, but not the afferent 
nerves; and that the collapse of Strychnia-poisoning in the frog 
is largely due to the affection of the motor trunks, and not to ex- 
haustion of the spinal cord. Again, Vulpian found that the 
nerve protected by tying its vessels preserved its irritability after 
the non-protected nerve had lost its functional power. The evi- 
dence appears to be as complete as it can, and to show, that, in 
Strychnia-poisoning, at least in the frog, the motor nerves lose 
their functional power, partly through exhaustion, and partly 
through a direct action of the poison upon them. As Fraser has 
discovered for Atropia, Vulpian has found for Strychnia; viz., 
after a time,-say from some hours to two days,-if the dose has 
been of the right size, the Strychnia-paralysis passes off, the 
motor nerves are found to have regained their powTer, and the 
convulsions re-appear, and continue hours or days."-H. C. Wood. 
"Strychnia differs from many other poisons, in this,-that it 
is only in increasing the reflex faculty of the spinal cord that it 
causes convulsions. This vital property of the cord reaches such 
a very high degree that any externa] or internal excitation brings 
on a reflex tetanic convulsion, the violence of which, according to 
a well-known law, is in proportion to the degree of the reflex 
faculty. So long as the spinal cord does not receive some kind 
of excitation, however powerfully poisoned by Strychnia it may be, 
there is no convulsion. 
"In other words, the cord may be ever so much congested, but 
the abnormal reflex irritability is not shown, unless it is excited 
by the touch, or some other form of irritation. 
"There are many other drugs which cause spinal congestion, 
but none which cause this peculiar abnormal condition in the 
tissue of the cord. If Strychnia causes this twofold condition of 
the spinal cord by its primary action, it causes, as the result of 
the poisoning in animals shows, a secondary action just the oppo- 
site ; namely, anwmia of the cord, with paralysis from exhaustion, 
of the faculty of the reflex motor nerve cells. Not only this, but it 650 
NUX VOMICA. 
causes paresis of the trophic (nutrient) nerve cells, and, as Han- 
field Jones believes, may cause paresis of the cerebral nerve 
centers."-Hale. 
Eyes.-Nux vomica produces nervous irritability of the eye, 
with contraction of the pupil. Notwithstanding dilatation of the 
pupil is produced by Strychnia from asphyxia, the legitimate 
effect of Strychnia is contraction of the pupil and not dilatation. 
In hyperaesthesia and amaurosis of the retina, aggravated 
mornings, Nux vomica is in place. 
Ears.-The sense of hearing is augmented by this drug, espe- 
cially with the Alkaloid. 
Nose.-It has been found, that, brushing a solution of Strych- 
nia on the regio olfactoria of healthy as well as of anaemic indi- 
viduals, the acuteness of the sense of smell was increased. 
Circulation.-"Strychnia has a very decided influence upon 
the circulation. Drs. Richter, Mayer, Schlesinger, and Klapp 
have all found that a decided rise of arterial pressure conies on 
before or about the time of the first convulsion. The rise is not 
due to the convulsion or to the interruption of the circulation, as 
it occurs in Curarized animals in which artificial respiration is 
maintained. Both Richter and Mayer affirm that the small 
arteries can be seen to contract under the influence of Strychnia, 
and conclude that the rise of the pressure is due to vaso-motor 
spasm. Mayer also found, that, after paralysis of the dominant 
vaso-motor centers by section of the cord, Strychnia produced no 
rise of the arterial pressure, or, if any was caused, it was very 
slight. A different experimental result has, however, been reached 
by Schlesinger. This investigator found that the rise after the 
division of the cord, both absolutely and relatively, exceeds that 
produced in the normal animal. It is worthy of note, that, in 
three of the fifty experiments made by Schlesinger upon rabbits, 
the Strychnia failed to elevate the pressure after section upon the 
cord. Schlesinger explains the apparently opposite results reached 
by himself and by Mayer by the fact that the latter investigator 
employed rabbits, and farther states, that, in six experiments 
made by himself on dogs, he four times obtained results similar 
to those of Mayer. Klapp experimented upon the cat, dividing 
not only the spinal cord, but also all the cardiac nerves of the neck. 
Under these circumstances, no rise of pressure followed the injec- 
tion of the Strychnia. A very plausible explanation of the pecu- NUX VOMICA. 
651 
liar results obtained by Schlesinger is that given by Klapp; 
namely, that he failed to make a perfect section of the cord, 
Klapp having found that a few fibers are sufficient to carry up 
the impulse. Further experiments upon rabbits are necessary be- 
fore my final judgment can be passed upon the work of Schle- 
singer, but the drift of the whole evidence is to show that much 
of the rise of the arterial pressure produced by Strychnia upon 
the normal animal is due to vaso-motor spasm. It is well known, 
that, after division of the cord, stimulation of a sensitive nerve 
fails to cause vaso-motor spasm and rise of arterial pressure. 
Schlesinger found that in the Strychnized animal the contrary to 
this is true. This curious asserted fact receives some support 
from the experiment of Klapp. In the majority of instances, he 
failed to get a decided rise ; but in a few cases he did. The expla- 
nation of Schlesinger is that in the normal animal the peripheral 
impulse can only reach the vaso-motor nerves by first going to 
the dominant center, but that Strychnia so alters the functional 
condition of the spinal cord as to allow the peripheral impulse to 
play all through the local vaso-motor nerves, which undoubtedly 
are in the cord, and to cause a general vaso-motor spasm by pro- 
ducing innumerable local spasms. This theory may be true, but 
must yet be considered sub judice. 
"It has been shown by the experiments of Klapp that the pri- 
mary stimulation of the vaso-motor centers by Strychnia is fol- 
lowed by fall of arterial pressure and vaso-motor palsy; also that 
very large doses produce an immediate depression of the vaso- 
motor centers and fall of the arterial pressure. 
"There is some apparent conflict of testimony in regard to the 
influence of Strychnia upon the inhibitory cardiac nervous sys- 
tem. Dr. Carl Heinemann, who has investigated at some length 
the influence of the drug upon the heart of the frog, finds that 
large doses cause diminished frequency of the cardiac movements, 
with diastolic pauses. According to his experiments, these phe- 
nomena are not due to stimulation of the inhibitory nerves, since 
they occur after section of the vagi; nor are the peripheral vagi 
paralyzed, since galvanization of one of these nerves causes imme- 
diate diastolic cardiac arrest. Mayer has also found that the 
peripheral vagus is not paralyzed, since he could suspend the 
action of the heart in the poisoned animal by galvanization of 
the par vagum. Klapp has also reached results confirmatory of 
those of Heinemann. On the other hand, Martin-Magron and 
Buisson affirm, that, in all of very many experiments, after a 
greater or less length of time, the pneumogastrics lost their power 652 
NUX VOMICA. 
of transmitting an impulse. The reconciliation of these results is 
very difficult; possibly, Martin-Magron and Buisson employed a 
Strychnia containing very largely of Brucia ; possibly, enormous 
doses of Strychnia do affect the peripheral vagi, but not until 
very late in the poisoning; although, when small doses are em- 
ployed, even death may occur without very decided paralysis of 
these nerves. That the different results are not due to the use of 
different animals is evident; since, although Mayer used hounds, 
both Heinemann and Klapp employed the same animals as did 
Martin-Magron and Buisson, viz., frogs. Dr. I. Steiner has 
found the action of Strychnia much more marked when it is 
placed upon the posterior than on the anterior face of the frog's 
heart; also, that the Strychnia acted much more promptly and 
severely upon the separated sinus venosus than upon the ventricles 
or auricles, and hence concludes that the Strychnia acts espe- 
cially upon the ganglia of the sinus. His experiments and con- 
clusions have been confirmed by Klapp, and are probably cor- 
rect."-Dr. II. C. Wood. 
Dr. Hughes says: "The excitation caused by the drug affects 
the vascular nerves and arteries, causing the febrile phenomena 
of chill, heat, and sweat. Modern experimentation has don- 
firmed this observation, showing that Strychnia contracts the 
arterioles and greatly increases the blood-pressure ; and does this 
by direct stimulation of the vaso-motor center at the base of the 
brain." 
Digestive Organs.-Nux vomica acts as most bitter tonics, 
augmenting and vitiating the secretions of the mouth, stomach, 
liver, and pancreas, deranging digestion, and producing gastralgia 
and acid vomiting; and inflammation of the mucous membrane 
of the stomach is often produced by Strychnine-poisoning. In the 
abdomen, we have much flatulence, with all varieties of colicky 
pains. "As regards the stool, Hahnemann remarks that copious 
diarrhoeic stools are never produced by Nux vomica; but what is 
called diarrhoea from Nux vomica consists in rather small evac- 
uations mixed with mucus, attended by tenesmus and straining. 
This tenesmus is attended by a smarting burning in the rectum. 
The most frequent action of Nux vomica is the production of con- 
stipation, as if from constriction or inactivity of the intestines; 
or, rather, it produces an ineffectual urging to stool; and, when- 
ever the stool takes place, it seems to be incomplete and unsatis- 
factory, and as if a part of the faeces failed to be expelled ; or the 
stool is very hard, and its evacuation requires great effort, and NUX VOMICA. 
653 
leaves a stitching and aching pain in the rectum. But, after the 
evacuation, there is no desire to sit and continue to strain, as with 
Mercurius. Often the stool is soft, mixed with mucus and streaked 
with blood; or there is clear blood along with the faeces."-D. 
The power of producing and curing haemorrhoids is one of the 
most prominent features in the action of Nux vomica. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Nux produces energetic venereal de- 
sires, with troublesome and powerful erections. Sexual impo- 
tence from spinal exhaustion is a marked effect of Nux vomica 
and its Alkaloid ; and, among all our remedies, no better one than 
this can be found for spermatorrhoea, and the long train of symp- 
toms found in impotency, accompanied with spinal exhaustion. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-The menses occur too soon, and 
continue much longer than they should; accompanied by nau- 
sea, chills, faintness, and spasmodic pains in the abdomen. 
Kidneys.-The action of this drug upon the urinary organs 
often is the means of relieving much suffering, in spasmodic and 
paralytic affections of the ureters, bladder, and urethra. It pro- 
duces paralysis of the muscular coat of the bladder, with reten- 
tion or incontinence of urine. 
Respiratory Organs.-In the nose, it produces obstructive 
catarrh. In the lungs, the mucous membranes are dry, with 
dry, hard cough, and great constriction of the chest. The asthma 
of Nux vomica might be termed dyspeptic asthma, for the gastric 
symptoms always predominate; the dry, spasmodic asthma de- 
pends upon the reflex excitability of the vagi. 
Pathology.-Besides the strongly marked cadaveric rigidity, 
"the lungs are hyperaemic, usually with small infarctions; but 
these are sometimes absent. Hemorrhagic erosions are occasion- 
ally found in the stomach and intestines. In a few cases, fluid 
exudation has been found in the pericardial and pleural sacs. 
" Sometimes the urinary bladder is strongly contracted. In the 
abdominal glands, we find the usual venous engorgement conse- 
quent on death from acute asphyxia. The condition of the brain 
and spinal marrow is by no means characteristic. In many of 
the older cases reported, marked hyperaemia of the brain was 
stated to have been found ; but, in recently reported cases, very 
little stress is laid on this hyperaemia. Exudations and actual 
hemorrhages are found in the lateral ventricles ; but these are not 
necessarily connected with the action of the Strychnia. Nothing 654 
NUX VOMICA. 
characteristic has been found in the spinal marrow. If crushed 
Nux vomica has been taken, we find the remains of it in the 
stomach and intestines. Notwithstanding the occurrence of vom- 
iting, Nux vomica adheres strongly to the mucous membrane; 
this is partly owing to its pointed fragments, and partly to the 
fine hairs covering its surface, which are characteristic of Nux 
vomica."-Zienissen. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
General Indications.-Nux vomica is especially adapted to 
people with choleric, sanguine, malicious, irritable temperament, 
and to those who make great mental exertions. 
Diseases caused by high living, stimulating drinks, highly 
seasoned food, or a too sedentary life. 
The pains caused by the Nux vomica are tingling, hard, ach- 
ing, sticking pains, aggravated by motion, and especially by con- 
tact. 
"After aromatics in the food, or as a medicine, particularly 
ginger, pepper, etc., and after almost any kind of so-called hot 
medicine."-GouZZon. 
/ 
Head.-Quarrelsome, even to violence, is a marked key to 
the use of Nux vomica. 
"Ill-humor, much inclined to quarrelsome vexation."-Hah. 
"Very hypochondriac and affected by the slightest thing after 
eating."- Hah. 
"He can not tolerate a noise, talking, strong odors, bright 
light; music and singing affect him."-Hah. 
"Over-sensitiveness; every harmless word offends, every little 
noise frightens; anxious and beside themselves; they can not 
bear the least, even suitable, medicine."-Hg. 
Hypochondriac, with an irritable temper; arising from liver 
or gastric troubles, especially in drunkards. 
"Hypochondriasis in studious men ; sitting too much at home ; 
with abdominal complaints and constipation."-Hg. 
Loses the connection of ideas, and fears she will lose her 
reason. 
"Very particular, careful, zealous persons, inclined to get 
angry and excited, or of a spiteful, malicious disposition."-Hg. 
"Can not keep from falling asleep in the evening, while sitting, 
hours before bed-time."-Hg. 
"Complaints from the open air; longing to sit or lie down; ill- 
humor, resisting obstinately the washes of others."-Jig. NUX VOMICA. 
655 
" Sensation as if his head were immensely larger than his body, 
as large as a church."-F. 
"The sleep of Nux vomica is peculiar. Instead of being wide 
awake in the evening, as under Pulsatilla, falls asleep in his chair, 
is very heavy, and, on going to bed, sleeps immediately. On the 
other hand, an hour or two before day-break awakens and can not 
sleep again."-D. 
Headache, feels as if it would split open, with acid vomiting 
from indigestion, or the effects of alcoholic stimulants. 
"Sick-headache, brought on by wine, coffee, close mental ap- 
plication, sedentary habits; commences in the morning, increases 
through the day, growing milder in the evening; with dimness of 
vision; sour, bitter vomiting; constipation; worse from noise, 
light, in open air, or after eating."-G. 
"Headache in the forehead, as if the eyes would be pressed out, 
or in the occiput."-Raue. [Old drunkards.] 
Severe vertigo, from excessive use of coffee or liquor, with 
great irritability. 
"It is more particularly suitable when the patient is worse in 
the morning than at any other time of day, when he awakes about 
3 a. m., and remains wakeful, with a multitude of ideas crowding 
in his mind, and when, just at daybreak, he falls involuntarily 
asleep, filled with busy dreams, from which he awakes tired and 
indisposed to arise."-D. [From indigestion.] 
"Intoxicated, dizzy heaviness of head, in the morning."-Hah. 
Much intoxication and confusion of the mind. 
"Headache in the morning, in bed before opening the eyes; 
composed of heaviness and pressure, as if he had not slept all 
night."-Hah. 
"Pressive headache in the occiput in the morning immediately 
after rising from bed."-Hah. 
Headache as if the brain would be pressed asunder from men- 
tal exertion, chagrin, or anger; from abuse of coffee or spirits. 
All these symptoms show that diseases of the mind and head 
are merely symptomatic, caused by some gastric or hepatic dis- 
order. 
Eyes.-In nervous diseases of the eye, with much irritability 
and morning aggravation, Nux vomica is of great utility. 
"In choroiditis disseminata, it is a prominent remedy, espe- 
cially in persons addicted to the use of stimulants."-A. and N. 
"Of late years, Strychnia has been employed extensively by the 
old school in treatment of atrophy of the optic nerve and various 656 
NUX VOMICA. 
forms of amblyopia. It is used chiefly by hypodermic injection, 
and with marked success. We also often find Nux vomica useful 
in atrophy of the optic nerve, checking the progress of the disease, 
restoring vision in many cases to a limited extent; but it is impos- 
sible to restore the sight wholly if genuine atrophy has com- 
menced."-A. and N. 
"In amblyopia potatorum, or impairment of vision due to the 
use of intoxicating drinks, or dissipation in general, no remedy 
will more frequently restore to power the benumbed nerve."- 
A. and N. 
"In various forms of trouble, I have given Nux vomica for a 
blurring of sight by overheating, and nearly every time with ben- 
efit. Woody att. 
"Hyperaesthesia of the retina, with frequent pains in the top 
of the head, sleepless nights, awakening cross in the morning, 
relieved promptly."-A. and N. 
"Intolerance of the daylight in the morning, with obscuration 
of vision; photophobia in the morning being strongly marked."- 
A. and N. 
Ciliary blepharitis, dry, smarting lids, especially mornings. 
"Frequently indicated in ulcers and pustules of the cornea, 
smarting and burning, with excessive morning photophobia."-A. 
and N. 
"Asmarting, dry sensation in inner canthi in morning."-Hah. 
"Clinical experience has led me to regard morning photopho- 
bia as especially indicating Nux vomica; no suffering after- 
noons."-D. 
Nose.-Dry coryza, "stuffy cold," with dry cough. The dry 
catarrh is frequently followed by profuse mucous discharges. 
"Real coryza, with scraping in the throat, crawling in the 
nose, with much sneezing."-Hah. [Sub-acute catarrh.] 
Snuffles, especially in children, the nose always filled with 
mucus. 
"Nose-bleed in morning from suppressed haemorrhoids."-Hg. 
Acute and sub-acute catarrh, with dry, stuffy feeling of the 
nose mornings ; fluent mornings ; itching of the Eustachian tube 
compels frequent swallowing, which keeps him awake nights. 
Mouth.-"There is one state of the tongue characteristic of 
Nux vomica; the first half of the tongue is clean, or compara- 
tively clean; sometimes it is red and shining, but the posterior 
half is coated with a deep fur. In dyspepsia where this is present, NUX VOMICA. 
657 
I have found Nux vomica of great and permanent service."-IF. 
Bayes, M. D. [With sour, bitter taste.] 
"Bad taste in the mouth in the morning, though food and 
drink have a natural taste."-Hah. 
Sour taste in the mouth mornings is characteristic. 
"Putrid taste low down in the fauces, when hawking up 
mucus."-G. 
"Food and drink have a putrid smell to her; can not bear the 
odor of tobacco."-G. [Offensive odor from the mouth.] 
"Taste is sour, musty, bitter, with a sensation of hunger; but 
the appetite is immediately satisfied, after eating ever so little." 
-Hempel. 
"Mouth dry, sore, full of fetid ulcers, with bloody saliva."-G. 
No appetite, with complete loss of energy, in dyspepsia. 
Drawing, tearing toothache, worse from cold and mental exer- 
tion. 
Mouth dry without thirst, or filled with sour mucus, mornings. 
Offensive odor from the mouth from indigestion. 
"Baw, scraped feeling in throat, as after heartburn."-Hah. 
"Fauces sore as if raw, felt on swallowing, andon contact with 
cool air, accompanied with a sensation as if there were a plug in 
the throat, probably gastric."-D. 
Frequent sour or bitter eructations from the stomach. 
Stomach.-"Nux vomica is suitable to all cases of depression 
consequent upon over-stimulation; and, in the treatment of dys- 
pepsia, Nux vomica (Strychnia) has proved an admirable remedy, 
especially where a defect of the nerve tone has induced derange- 
ments of the digestive functions."-Bayes. 
"In cases most suited to Nux vomica, I have found the prom- 
inent symptoms to be the condition of the tongue indicated above, 
an evidence of an atonic condition of the ganglionic system of 
nerves. The pains which indicate Nux vomica are not those 
caused by inflammation, but by-spasm."-Bayes. 
Very dyspeptic; tongue red and sore, coated yellow at the 
base, with excessive acid risings from the stomach, or vomiting 
of sour mucus in the morning. 
"Very dyspeptic; much excited by coffee, spirituous liquors, 
or highly seasoned food."-G. [Or from mental labor.] 
"Nausea and sour, bitter vomiting; or rising of sour and bitter 
fluid from the stomach."-Raue. 
"Nausea and vomiting every morning, with constipation of 
large, difficult stools, with great depression of spirits."-G. 658 
NUX VOMICA. 
" Sudden feeling of repletion after swallowing a small quantity 
of food."-G. [In chronic indigestion.] 
"Flatulent distention after eating or drinking."-Hg. 
"The city man of business is the typical patient for Nux vom- 
ica, his troubles are all nervous and dyspeptic; and their causes 
are worry, much mental with too little bodily exertion."-Hughes. 
"Nux vomica is an excellent remedy in dyspepsia. The feel- 
ing of weight on the stomach after eating, flatulence, and pyrosis 
especially call for Nux vomica. But, above all, we recommend 
the alternation of Graphites with Nux"-Jousset. 
"Gastralgia, when there is great flatulency, the pains have the 
character of cramps, radiating either into the hypochondria, or 
beneath the sternum and toward the neck, following the course 
of the phrenic nerve."-Jousset. 
"In chronic gastritis, Nux vomica is a very reliable remedy, 
with an habitual pain in the pit of the stomach, regurgitations of 
bitter and acid liquids; vomiting of the same nature; also con- 
traction of the pylorus, with dilation of the stomach."-Jousset. 
"Cardialgia, with clawing constricting in the pit of the stom- 
ach, extending to the small of the back or anus, brought on by 
coffee, liquor, nostrums, sedentary habits, or mental exertions." 
-Raue. [Use Strychnia.] 
"Pressure over the solar plexus brings on spasms."-Raue. 
"The region of the stomach is very sensitive to external pres- 
sure, and so, indeed, is the abdomen generally, can not bear tight 
clothing; there is a pressing pain as from a load in the stomach, 
even if the food or drink taken is small."-J). 
"After a meal, he is qualmish, anxious, nauseated, debilitated 
and sick, as after a violent cathartic."-Hah. 
"Pressive pain in the epigastric region, as from overloading 
the stomach, immediately after eating."-Hah. 
"Want of appetite, with nausea; aversion to the usual food 
and drink, and the customary tobacco and coffee."-Hah. 
"Frequent hiccough without cause."-Hah. 
"Excessive thirst for beer; followed by nausea."-Hah. 
Let no man forget the use of Strychnia, 3d trituration, in dys- 
pepsia, where there is an atonic state of the digestive organs, 
with its manifold symptoms of a nervous nature; it greatly excels 
Nux vomica for chronic dyspepsia. 
Abdomen and Stool.-Abdomen much distended. 
"Cramp-like pain in the left side of the abdomen, associated 
with qualmishness, that is felt especially in the stomach."-Hah. NUX VOMICA. 
659 
Much flatulent distention of abdomen after eating; indigestion. 
"Flatulent distention, immediately after eating, and a colic, 
as if diarrhoea, from taking cold, would come on."-G. 
Much colic and acid vomiting in babies ; from indigestion. 
"Sensation of weakness in the abdominal ring, as if a hernia 
would occur."-G. [Or as if a hernia would become incarcerated.] 
"Forcing-down toward the genitals, in lower abdomen."-Hah. 
"Colic with pressure upward toward the thorax."-Raue. 
Hepatic colic, with sudden severe pain in the right side; 
spasms of the abdominal muscles, with stitching pains in the 
liver. To relieve the severe pain in the passage of a gall-stone, 
Nux has often been of great value. 
Jaundice from gall-stones, with aversion to food, and faintness. 
Flatulent colic from indigestion, the whole child smells sour. 
"Haemorrhoidal colic, with hard, tearing, pressing pains in the 
small of the back and lower bowels, frequent and ineffectual urg- 
ing to stool; vertigo, headache."-Hempel. 
"Flatulent colic as if the bowels, bladder, and rectum were 
pressed upon with a sharp instrument."-Hempel. 
In spasmodic recent hernia, Strychnia is the most useful. 
"Sensation as if a hernia would form."-F. [From flatulence.] 
"Constipation, with ineffectual and frequent urging to stool, 
with a sensation as if the anus was contracted."-G. 
The great key for Nux vomica is constipation, with frequent 
hut ineffectual desire for stool. 
"Habitual constipation of large and difficult stools, with fre- 
quent urging to go to stool; frequent calls to go to stool, but not 
able to defecate."-G. 
"Nux vomica does not diminish the action of the intestine ; it 
rather increases it, but at the same time renders it inharmonious 
and spasmodic; a hindrance, therefore, and not a help, to evacua- 
tion. This is the reason why the constipation characteristic of 
Nux vomica is accompanied by frequent and ineffectual desire for 
stool."-D. 
"Dysentery, stools thin, brownish, bloody mucous, after de- 
bauchery or drastic medicines."-J. B. Bell. 
"Before stool, cutting about the umbilicus; backache as if 
broken; constant urging."-J. B. Bell. [Morning diarrhoea.] 
"Cessation of the pains and tenesmus after stool. "-J. B. Bell. 
"Piles, with shooting shocks in the loins; contractive pains 
which hinder from rising up, and ineffectual urging to stool."-G. 
[Alternate constipation and dfarrhoea.] 
Haemorrhoids with frequent hemorrhages and constipation. 660 
NUX VOMICA. 
"In haemorrhoids, Nux vomica and Sulphur dominate all 
other remedies; corresponding to the local affection, the conges- 
tion, the neuralgia, the dyspepsia, and the hemorrhages. Nux is 
especially indicated with ineffectual desire for stool, tenesmus; 
anal constriction; diarrhoea or constipation, with clear blood or 
mucus in the stools; with hemorrhage, epistaxis, metrorrhagia, 
neuralgia, and dyspepsia; 12th dilution."-Jousset. 
"Tearing, sticking, and constricting pain, as from aggravated 
blind piles in the rectum and anus, after a meal or mental exer- 
tion ; after a stool, it seemed as if some remained behind and 
could not be evacuated, with a sensation of distressing constric- 
tion in the rectum."-Hah. 
Urinary Organs.-Paralytic incontinence of urine from irri- 
tation of the lower portion of the spine. 
"Frequent desire to urinate; constantly called out that he 
would feel better if he could pass water; urine turbid and 
muddy."-Schmidt. 
"Frequent urination; passes little and often, with much burn- 
ing."-G. [Paralysis of the muscular wall of the bladder.] 
"Nocturnal enuresis ; urinates very often ; bloody urine?'-G. 
"Violent straining; the efforts to urinate were constant and 
most painful, without ability to pass a single drop."-Cockburn. 
"Burning and tearing pain in the neck of the bladder while 
urinating."-Hah. [From chronic prostatitis.] 
"During micturition, very tenacious mucus passes from the 
bladder with urine, without pain."-Hah. [Chronic gonorrhoea.] 
"Irritable bladder of gout or alcoholism; and to relieve pain 
and spasm in the passage of urinary calculi."-Hughes. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-This is probably the most valuable 
remedy we have for spermatorrhoea from plethora, with sexual 
dreams and nocturnal emissions, followed by excessive irrita- 
bility ; despondency, and prostration. 
"Nocturnal emissions from plethora of the sexual organs; or 
emissions without erections ; followed by debility and great relax- 
ation of the parts."-Hepipel. [And complete impotence.] 
The slightest irritation, especially if a woman is touched, pro- 
duces lascivious thoughts, and frequently emissions, followed by 
nervous exhaustion. (Use the 30th up to the 1000th for sperma- 
torrhoea.) In sexual impotence with great spinal exhaustion, 
Strychnia will be found of great value. Use the high attenua- 
tions. I now use the high attenuations in spermatorrhoea, with 
altogether better results than I ever had with the 1owt dilutions. NUX VOMICA. 
661 
Gonorrhoea; thin discharge, with burning and urging to uri- 
nate, and frequent urging to stool; chronic form with prostatitis. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menstruation too early, too pro- 
fuse, with weak, faint spells, or very irregular; in irritable women. 
"Menses occur too soon and last too long."-D. 
Great excitement of the sexual organs of women, with sexual 
dreams and orgasm in irritable, headstrong women. 
"Menses irregular and never at the right time."-G. 
"Every pain during labor produces a desire to defecate, or to 
urinate, particularly the former."-G. 
"Pressure toward the genital organs early in the morning, in 
bed or during a walk, with spasms of the abdomen."-G. 
"Fetid leucorrhoea, tinging the linen yellow, with pain in the 
uterus as if bruised, and much pain in lumbar region."-G. 
Violent and protracted after-pains, in irritable women. 
"Morning sickness during pregnancy; mornings, with consti- 
pation and excessive irritability."-Hg. [Nux vomica and Pulsa- 
tilla are the best known remedies for morning sickness.] 
Lochia scanty and offensive, with bearing-down pains. 
Respiratory Organs.-The cough of Nux vomica is of recent 
origin, of a dry, scraping character, and not founded on an or- 
ganic base, but of a simple catarrhal nature, or reflex from indi- 
gestion, or spinal, producing soreness of the stomach. 
Dry coryza, worse at night; nose completely filled up. 
Dry, racking cough, where the epigastrium becomes very sore, 
is a prominent characteristic of Nux vomica. 
"Dry, hard cough, with great soreness of the abdomen."-G. 
"Cough short, dry, and fatiguing; appears at night, on lying 
down, prevents going to sleep ; lasts often from midnight to day- 
break ; accompanied by severe headache, and soreness in the epi- 
gastric zone, seems to come from the larynx."-D. 
The asthma of Nux vomica might well be termed dyspeptic 
asthma; for the gastric symptoms always predominate, and the 
asthma is of a dry, spasmodic nature, depending upon reflex ex- 
citability of the vagi. 
"Nux vomica is most appropriate when there is coryza with 
sneezing, when the attacks come on after eating, or in the morn- 
ing, and when the patient is subject to haemorrhoids."-Jousset. 
In cardiac neurosis dependent upon paresis of the motor 
nerves, there is always a constitutional debility, with feeble cir- 
culation and cardiac action. (Use Strychnia.) 662 
NUX VOMICA. 
Sudden palpitation of the heart, from indigestion,-marked 
symptom of the heart on lying down after dinner. 
"Haemoptysis from anger,-suppressed haemorrhoidal flow;- 
debauchery;-especially of drunkards."-Hg. 
Spinal Symptoms.-"Affects the cerebro-spinal axis in the 
same manner as that unseen, immaterial, impalpable cause, 
which, by its action upon the cerebro-spinal axis, leads to the 
production of tetanic spasms."-Hempel. 
"Paralysis, resulting from softening of that portion of the 
cerebro-spinal axis which sends off nerves to the paralyzed limb, 
with diminished temperature, especially in paralysis of drunk- 
ards."-Hempel. [Excellent in softening of the brain.] 
"Most useful to spinal meningitis before the disease has pro- 
gressed to the stage of actual exudation."-Baehr. 
"Epilepsy, where the spinal centers are prominently involved, 
as shown by the shocks and jerks so characteristic of Nux vom- 
ica."-Hempel. [Complete opisthotonos.] 
"Feeling as if bruised all over system."-Hg. [Rheumatism.] 
"Tearing pain, by paroxysms, in the nape of the neck in the 
evening. "-Hah. 
"Constant pain and bruised sensation in the back and small 
of the back."-Riedlinus. 
"Pain in the small of the back and knees, as if beaten and 
bruised. "-Hah. 
Spine greatly prostrated from sexual excesses; complete pros- 
tration. Use Strychnia in 3d dec. trituration in spinal anaemia. 
Limbs.-Aching, drawing pains with great lassitude. 
"Trembling of the limbs and jerking of the heart."-Hah. 
Spasmodic pains in the limbs, with chilliness, internal beat- 
ing after yawning and stretching."-Hah. 
"Great weariness and relaxation of all the limbs after taking 
the open air."-Hah. [From chronic indigestion.] 
"Sensation of sudden loss of power of the arm in the morn- 
ing."-Hah. 
"The longer he lies in bed in the morning, the more pain 
he has in all the limbs, especially in the joints, as if beaten, 
relieved after rising."-Hg. [Rheumatoid affections.] 
"Tottering and unsteadiness of the lower extremities."-Hah. 
"Paralytic drawing in the muscles of the thighs, and calves 
painful on walking."-Hah. [Excellent in spinal paralysis.] 
"Cramp in calves of legs."-Hah. [Trembling of limbs.] NUX VOMICA. 
663 
"Falling asleep of the soles of the feet."-Hah. 
"Everything makes too strong an impression upon him; the 
slightest touch of hand immediately brought on spasms."-Hah. 
"Violent contractive, painful sensation through the whole 
body."-Hah. 
" Strychnia is indicated in all cases of paralysis from exhaus- 
tion of the spinal cord, spinal anaemia, reflex paraplegia, hemi- 
plegia, or white softening."-Hale. [2d and 3d dec. triturations.j 
To cure paralysis of the limbs, Brown-Sequard, Hammond, 
and Trosseau advise Strychnia to be given in sufficient doses to 
cause slight drawings and jerkings in the affected parts; and this 
action is always manifested first in the paralyzed limb. 
Sciatica in haemorrhoidal and dissipated people, with indi- 
gestion. 
Paralysis with numbness and coldness of the paralyzed parts, 
caused by apoplexia, sexual excesses, or especially alcohol. 
Fever.-The Nux vomica fever is intermittent, with decided 
morning aggravations, malarial in origin, and the motor nerves 
are greatly affected. 
"Sensation of chilliness on the back and limbs, in the morn- 
ing, with painfulness of the skin as if it had been frozen, and 
a sensation of falling asleep in the limbs, like that caused by cold 
weather, in the morning."-Hah. 
"Anticipating morning fever; chill with aching in the limbs; 
gaping; blue nails; then thirst; long-lasting fever; apyrexia 
marked by gastric and bilious symptoms; legs feel paralyzed."- 
Sweat sour, cold, and clammy, or but very little sweat. 
Paroxysms always irregular, with excessive rigors. 
The least motion produces chilliness, and the gastric and bil- 
ious symptoms predominate. Nux vomica is one of the most 
useful remedies in intermittents; and, in intermittents where the 
gastric symptoms predominate, with severe nausea, it will do 
very much, especially if the motor nerves are very much affected, 
as shown by excessive rigors. 
Peculiarities.-The symptoms are worse in the morning; 
made worse by motion, and exposure to cool air; relieved by 
warmth. The opposite of Pulsatilla. 
"The sleep of Nux vomica is peculiar; instead of being wide 
awake in the evening, as under Pulsatilla, the prover falls asleep 
in his chair, is very heavy on going to bed, and sleeps imme- 664 
NUX VOMICA. 
diately. On the other hand, an hour or two before day-break, he 
awakens and can not sleep again."-D. 
"Many of the symptoms occur or are aggravated immediately 
after eating; whereas, under Pulsatilla, they do not occur until 
several hours after eating."-D. 
"Nux vomica is chiefly successful with persons of an ardent 
character, or a temperament disposed to anger, spite, or decep- 
tion; always irritable and impatient."-Hah. 
"Particularly suitable when the patient is worse in the morn- 
ing than at any other time of day; when he awakens about 3 
a. m., and remains wakeful with a multitude of ideas crowding in 
his mind, and when, just at day-break, he falls involuntarily asleep, 
filled with busy dreams, from which he awakens tired and indis- 
posed to rise. It is also adapted to persons who, several hours 
before bed-time, fall asleep in their chair."-Hah. 
Nervous, melancholic people, troubled with indigestion. 
Aggravation.-From mental exertion ; especially mornings; 
after dinner; in open air; dry weather; slight touch ; from mo- 
tion ; from anger; from intoxication ; from eating too much ; espe- 
cially spices and rich food; from narcotic medicine; from /cold, 
and from coffee and tea. 
Amelioration.-From warm air; evenings; during rest; from 
lying down, and in damp, wet weather. OPIUM. 
665 
OPIUM. 
Poppy. 
Habitat: Asia, etc. Trituration. Tincture of the pulverized Opium, Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Emetics, Atropia, Strong Coffee, Camph., Wine, Vegetable acids. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Opium has fifteen spe- 
cial centers of action : 
I. Brain. Intense Congestion; Profound Coma. 
II. Spinal Cord (Posterior). Complete Anaesthesia. 
III. Vagi. Paralysis of the Respiratory Center; Asphyxia. 
IV. Eyes. Oculo-Motor Paralysis; Pupils Greatly Contracted. 
V. Heart. Pulsations Lessened, from Vagus Paralysis. 
VI. Vaso-Motor S. Small Doses Excite; Large Doses Paralyze. 
VII. Digestive 0. Appetite Destroyed, with Great Thirst. 
VIII. Mucous Membranes. Secretions Completely Arrested. 
IX. Stomach. Nmisea and Vomiting (Centric). 
X. Intestinal Canal. Obstinate Constipation. 
XI. Kidneys. Diminished Secretions; Solids Increased; Calculi. 
XII. Sexual 0., Male. (2) Venereal Excitement; (2) Impotence. 
XIII. Sexual 0., F. (2) Menses Increased; (2) Complete Susp. 
XIV. Skin. Copper-Cold; Exces. Diaphoresis; Prurigo; Eczema. 
XV. Nutrition Destroyed; Emaciation; Imbecile; Chronic Liars. 
Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.-In writing up this drug, 
I shall include the effects of its Alkaloid, the Sulphate of Mor- 
phine, their action being so nearly alike. "In small doses, as 
from a quarter of a grain to one grain, Opium produces, upon 
those who are accustomed to its use, a soothing and luxurious 
calm of mind and body, followed, in the course of forty or fifty 
minutes, by a disposition to sleep, which gradually steals over 
the senses, and at last wraps the mind in unconsciousness; or, if 
sleep does not take place, there is a repose of the body undis- 
turbed by pain or external annoyance; and a crowd of dreamy 
and pleasing thoughts sweep across the field of the imagination. 666 
OPIUM. 
At the same time, the pulse, which was at first slightly quickened 
and more frequent, becomes somewhat slower, the mouth and 
pharynx are rather dry, and often perspiration breaks out upon 
the skin. The sleep produced by such a dose of Opium may last 
all night, if taken at bed-time; during the day, it will hardly ex- 
ceed two hours in duration. 
"Larger doses, as from one to three grains of Opium, produce 
much more decided effects. The stage of excitement is much 
more strongly marked; the head feels full, hot, and sometimes 
light; buzzing noises are in the ears, the face and eyes are in- 
jected, while the pupil is more or less contracted. Flashes of 
light are apt to appear before the eyes; the ideas are confused and 
extravagant, and sometimes there is delirium; the pulse is fuller 
and more frequent; the skin is hot; the mouth and fauces dry; 
generally there is nausea, and in some cases vomiting. To these 
symptoms, depression succeeds. The pulse beats more slowly, 
and often irregularly; the head feels heavy and full, and all the 
senses lose their acuteness; the countenance assumes a stupid, 
besotted expression, produced by the turgidness of the features, 
the dullness of the eyes, and the drooping of their lids; there is a 
strong indisposition to think or move; or, more properly, an in- 
ability to make any exertion either of mind or body; the speech 
is thick and hesitating, the muscles of the limbs are affected with 
spasmodic movements, and, if the patient attempts to walk, he 
feels giddy and oppressed, and staggers like a drunken man. An 
irresistible propensity to sleep promptly follows these symptoms; 
and, when yielded to, the breathing becomes laborious, and often 
stertorous, while the surface of the body sometimes grows pale 
and damp, with cold feet and hands. The sleep may be deep, 
prolonged, and tranquil, but, produced by the doses mentioned, 
is much more apt to be disturbed by frightful dreams, from which 
the patient frequently awakes to relapse immediately into the 
previous condition. These symptoms are greatly modified by 
various morbid conditions, and peculiarities of temperament. 
"Narcotism.-Poisonous doses of Opium produce effects like 
those just enumerated, except that they are much more decided, 
and are not preceded by any distinct stage of excitement. They 
are thus described by Dr. Beck. 'The following symptoms are 
usually observed within a short time: Giddiness, insensibility, 
and immobility, respiration scarcely perceptible, and a small, 
feeble pulse, which sometimes becomes full and slow. The eyes 
are shut, the pupils contracted, and the whole expression of the 
countenance is usually that of deep and perfect repose. As the OPIUM. 
667 
effects increase, the lethargic state becomes more profound, deg- 
lutition is suspended, the breathing is occasionally stertorous, the 
pupils are insensible to the application of light, the countenance 
is pale and cadaverous, and the muscles of the limbs and trunk 
are in a state of relaxation. Vomiting sometimes supervenes, 
and there is an occasional glimpse of returning animation; but 
the comatose state soon returns, and death, which is sometimes 
preceded by convulsions, rapidly follows.' 
"Mode of Action.-Dr. C. Hanfield Jones has proposed a very 
plausible solution of the problem. Guided by the light which 
physiology has thrown on the functions of the vaso-motor nerves, 
and by the numerous facts which prove that in natural sleep 
there is less blood in the brain than during waking hours; which 
also prove, that, when the cerebral circulation is active, sleep is 
impossible, while it is promoted by everything which tends to 
diminish the cerebral afflux, as cold to the head, tepid pediluvia, 
and compression of the carotids; and which further demonstrate 
that, in the fatal sleep produced by extreme cold the brain is often 
found exsanguineous,-Dr. Jones concludes that Opium causes 
sleep, in part at least, by its action on the vaso-motor nerves, 
producing a contraction of the cerebral arteries. The supply of 
blood being diminished, the functions of the hemispheres are for 
a time in abeyance. The opposite phenomenon is produced by 
Belladonna and Stramonium; they dilate the arterial capillary 
vessels; hence the congestion and maniacal delirium. Knowing 
this fact, we have additional ground on which to found the con- 
clusion that the physical cause of natural sleep and of sleep from 
Opium is one and the same. There are, however, two stages of 
the operation of Opium, according to its dose, in which the inter- 
nal physical effects and the external phenomena are alike differ- 
ent. The one is during the stimulant action of the drug, when the 
face is flushed and there is evidently hyperaemia of the brain ; and 
the other when, the specific soporific effects having subsided, 
either reaction takes place, renewing in some degree the vascular 
turgor of the head, or else, the nervous power having become ex- 
hausted, the blood stagnates in the engorged vessels, and pro- 
found coma, with stertorous breathing and a turgid countenance, 
indicates the approach of death by compression of the brain. 
. . . After death from poisoning by Opium, the convolutions 
of the brain are found to be flattened; the vessels of the cerebro- 
spinal axis and its investing membranes are gorged with black 
blood, and the capillaries of the brain give out on incision minute 
drops of the same fluid. A serous liquid is usually met with 668 
OPIUM. 
in the ventricles of the brain, and under the cerebral face of the 
arachnoid membrane. The lungs, heart, liver, and spleen are in 
most cases distended with dark and fluid blood."-A. Stille, M.D. 
The symptoms as narrated above are the usual ones produced 
by this drug; "yet, in certain individuals, Opium provokes quite 
different phenomena. One of the most common of these depart- 
ures from the ordinary course of symptoms is an excessive de- 
pression following the sleep produced by moderate doses of the 
medicine. This state is seen, so far as my experience goes, most 
usually in females of weak, nervous constitutions, such as are pe- 
culiarly liable to attacks of neuralgia. The symptoms are a feeling 
of weakness and prostration, often accompanied by chilliness, 
dull headache, and giddiness, but especially marked by intense 
nausea and frequent vomiting. Very frequently the latter does 
not occur so long as absolute rest in the horizontal position is 
maintained; indeed, an almost diagnostic sign of this affection 
may be found in the fact that the stomach is quiet so long as the 
patient keeps the head upon the pillow, but the distress occurs at 
once upon rising up. In some cases, this condition of depression 
even replaces the normal second stage, so that Opium, instead of 
inducing quiet sleep, will provoke alarming depression and vofn- 
iting, either with or without drowsiness. Thus, cases have been 
reported, in which one-fourth of a grain, or a somewhat greater 
quantity, of Morphia, hypodermically injected, has been followed 
by syncope, with struggling for breath, and apparently imminent 
or even present death. A rarer idiosyncrasy exists in those per- 
sons who are rendered by Opium very delirious, it may be even 
wildly so. In certain cases, partial or complete convulsions 
have occurred."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
The Spine.-"Theperipheral motor nerves, by the direct appli- 
cation of the poison, are at first thrown into a state of excitement, 
which lasts only a short time, and then into the opposite condi- 
tion of greatly diminished excitability. Daily experience teaches 
us that the sensory nerves and nerve extremities in the human 
subject are similarly affected; for, when we administer a subcu- 
taneous injection of Morphine, the nerves lying nearest to the 
point of application suffer greater reduction of excitability than 
others. This influence of the nerves is in itself an obstacle to 
reflex action and a considerable impediment to the operation 
of the will. . . . As to its possible influence on the spinal 
marrow, we have no experimental evidence; but it may be con- 
cluded from analogy that the excitability of the spinal marrow is 
affected in the same manner as that of the rest of the nervous OPIUM. 
669 
system. It is evident, however, that the influence upon the 
spinal marrow in the human subject is less marked than that 
upon the brain. 
"The convulsions which occasionally come on during Mor- 
phine-poisoning, and which correspond to Opium-tetanus in the 
frog, might be supposed to proceed from excitement of the spinal 
marrow at a time when the reflex inhibitory center, the brain, is 
already in a condition of diminished excitability. 
"The vomiting which is so frequent a symptom, must, in most 
cases, be due to irritation of the vomitory centers by the poison; 
at any rate, the circumstance that vomiting sometimes occurs 
after the poison has run its course and convalescence has set in, 
points to a central origin."-Ziemssen. 
Respiration.-"Death occurs from Opium, in the great major- 
ity of cases, by failure of the respiration; and that such failure is 
due to direct action of the poison upon the respiratory centers in 
the medulla, is proven by the fact that Morphia affects the 
breathing of dogs and rabbits whose pneumogastrics have been 
cut, as much as it does those whose nerves are entire."-Wood. 
"Respiration becomes remarkably slow as the narcotic effects 
of Opium are developed, and, when full narcosis is developed, is 
indeed scarcely perceptible. On this account, the blood which 
returns from the lungs to the heart has undergone a very partial 
revival, but yet continues to circulate. Every moment, however, 
the proportion of oxygenated blood in the circulating mass grows 
less and less, until it reaches a point of impurity which deprives 
it of its power of stimulating the organs to perform their vital 
acts; and death soon takes place. This explains why the blood 
of those who have perished by narcotic poisoning is so intensely 
black, and wdiy, also, the most direct remedy for narcotic asphyxia 
is the introduction, of oxygen into the lungs by artificial respira- 
tion."- Stille. 
Eye.-The action of Opium upon the pupil is not fully settled. 
Dr. Wood says: "Since Morphine locally applied does not affect 
the pupil, it follows that its constitutional action upon the latter is 
through the nerve centers. It is probable, but has not, that I am 
aware of, been experimentally proven, that the contraction of the 
pupil is due to a stimulation of the oculo-motor nerve centers, 
and that the dilatation of the pupil as death approaches is due to 
a paralysis of the same. Indeed, it can not well be otherwise ; for, 
if the primary contraction were due to paralysis of the sympa- 670 
OPIUM. 
thetic, the secondary wide dilatation would be impossible; the 
dilating force-i. e., the sympathetic-having been withdrawn, 
the pupil would not widely expand, even if the contracting force- 
i. e., the oculo-motor-were paralyzed." Drs. Harley, Ringer, 
and Ziemssen all agree with Dr. Wood; but Drs. Hughes, Stille, 
and Austie believe it is due to sympathetic depression. 
The condition of the pupils in cases of poisoning is an impor- 
tant prognostic sign. The greater the contraction of the pupils, 
the more grave is the poisoning. If they are contracted to the 
size of a pin's head, we may regard the case as one of great dan- 
ger ; and, if smaller, death is certain to follow. 
Circulation.-"The influence of Morphine upon the heart is 
seen when poisonous doses are given, and consists, in animals also, 
in initial acceleration of cardiac contraction, which is succeeded by 
diminished frequency of pulsation, and ultimately by absolute 
cessation of cardiac action, the contractions becoming irregular 
shortly before death. The cause of the initial acceleration of the 
cardiac action has not yet been sufficiently elucidated by experi- 
ments ; but it seems very probable, from the researches /of 
Gscheidlen, that the musculo-motor elements in the heart are 
first stimulated by Morphine ; for, when he had divided the vagus 
of a dog or rabbit before poisoning with Morphine, the frequency 
of pulsation increased still more after the poisoning. This exper- 
iment seems to support the above conclusion, more especially as 
the influence of this poison on the sympathetic is comparatively 
slight. The subsequent retardation of cardiac contractions, how- 
ever, depends upon an excitement of the vagus at its origin in the 
brain ; for, in the first place, the retardation does not occur when 
the vagi have been divided before the poisoning: and, secondly, 
the retardation sets in immediately when a solution of Morphine 
is injected into the peripheral end of the carotid ; therefore in the 
direct current toward the brain. At the same time, the extrem- 
ities of the vagus in the heart are thrown into a state of increased 
excitability. With large doses of Morphine, however, the extrem- 
ities of the vagus become paralyzed; consequently, with very 
large doses of Morphine, the pulse ought eventually to become 
again more frequent (through paralysis of the vagus); but it is 
not so, and for this reason, that, as Gscheidlen has shown, Mor- 
phine exerts eventually a paralyzing action also on other portions 
of the heart, especially on the excito-motor ganglionic cells in it. 
But the cardiac muscle also experiences a considerable loss of ex- 
citability, and remains motionless when strong currents are OPIUM. 
671 
brought to bear directly upon it. Therefore, cardiac contraction 
must always diminish more and more, till it ceases altogether."- 
Ziemssen. 
Vaso-Motor System.-"Morphine exercises first a constrict- 
ing, then a dilating, influence on the vessels, through the vaso- 
motor nerves, which are primarily excited, and subsequently par- 
alyzed at their centers. Gscheidlen succeeded in directly observ- 
ing this influence on the vessels in the abdominal cavity of ani- 
mals ; the peripheral portion of the vaso-motor system is affected 
in the same way, even when the influence of the central organ is 
cut off by division of the cervical marrow. In severe poisoning, 
complete paralysis of the vaso-motor center takes place, but not 
complete paralysis of the peripheral vaso-motor nerves, for these 
can still be stimulated by direct irritation or from the cervical 
marrow, so as to produce contraction of the vessels. The blood- 
pressure is in accordance with this condition of the heart and its 
vessels. According to Gscheidlen, it rises at the beginning of the 
action of Morphine; and, even when the pulse becomes slow, this 
increase of blood-pressure still continues, a circumstance doubt- 
less depending on the vaso-motor contraction of the vessels ; sub- 
sequently the blood-pressure becomes sub-normal, a natural re- 
sult of the dilatation of the vessels and the diminution of cardiac 
force. As in human beings, so also in animals, respiration is re- 
tarded ; this retardation proceeds from diminished excitability of 
the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata, as Gscheidlen's 
experiment proves, in which, upon injection of the poison toward 
the brain, through the peripheral extremity of the carotid, retar- 
dation of respiration at once set in. This diminution of the 
activity of the respiratory center may lead to complete apnoea, 
and so to death by asphyxia."-Ziemssen. 
Digestive Organs.-"The influence of the occasional use of 
Opium upon the appetite is very striking; it almost entirely de- 
stroys the cravings of hunger; and, when it disposes to sleep, 
and during its narcotic influence, it inspires disgust for food. 
The power which Opium has of repressing the appetite is effect- 
ually made use of by the Tartar couriers, who, in their long and 
rapid journeys, have no time to stop for refreshment. The ha- 
bitual use of Opium, however, seems to annul this effect; the 
stomach becomes tolerant of the stimulus, and learns to perform 
its function with considerable regularity; but, when the usual 
quantity of the drug is much diminished, indigestion comes on, 672 
OPIUM. 
with that horrible craving before alluded to, which will not be 
pacified by food, but only by an increased dose of Opium. 
"While Opium diminishes the appetite for food, it augments 
the thirst, adding another to previous proofs that these sensations 
depend upon different causes. It is supposed by many that hun- 
ger is produced by the peristaltic movements of the empty 
stomach, causing attrition of the opposite faces of its lining 
membrane. On this supposition, Opium, by arresting these 
movements, and at the same time blunting the sensibility of the 
gastric nerves, would suspend or mask the sensation. Thirst, on 
the other hand, seems to be excited by dryness of the mucous 
membrane of the stomach; and, as we shall see, Opium dimin- 
ishes all of the internal secretions; a sense of dryness in the mouth 
and throat is indeed one of the first and most ordinary effects. 
Hence, we may plausibly explain why Opium at the same time 
appeases hunger and excites thirst. It may be added, that these 
effects can not be due to any topical action of Opium in the stom- 
ach ; because they occur with equal uniformity whether the 
Opium be swallowed, or its salts be introduced through the skin. 
"Not only do Opiates, when first administered, destroy the ap- 
petite, they also embarrass or suspend altogether the digestive 
process; the food which is taken while the system continues un- 
der their influence remains undigested, as is proved by the fact 
of its being subsequently rejected without having undergone any 
alteration; or, if the Opiate is administered during the first stage 
of digestion, the subsequent assimilation of the food is retarded 
or prevented. MM. Trousseau and Pidoux hence derive their 
caution not to place a patient under the influence of this drug 
while his stomach contains food, or immediately before eating. 
"The insensibility of the stomach to other stimuli, produced 
by Opium, is perfectly analogous to that noticed in the case of 
food. It is a familiar fact that larger doses of emetics are re- 
quired to produce vomiting in persons under its influence than 
either before or after its action ; and this circumstance has a valu- 
able application in the treatment of narcotic poisoning, in which 
considerable quantities of the most active emetics often fail en- 
tirely to evacuate the noxious substance. 
"Opium, however introduced into the system, is very apt to 
occasion nausea or vomiting. This nausea and vomiting is pro- 
duced in two ways : When the salts of Morphia are applied hypo- 
dermically for several successive days, they excite vomiting for 
the first two or three days, and afterward occasion only nausea ; 
but, when taken internally, vomiting does not take place during OPIUM. 
673 
the first few days, and then commences and continues during 
the subsequent administration of the drug. In either case, it 
occurs much less frequently in males than in females, and 
particularly in those of nervous temperament. It is not to be 
supposed, however, that this symptom is at all of uniform occur- 
rence ; nausea, on the other hand, affects nearly all who use the 
preparations of Opium medicinally, and with the peculiarities 
mentioned in regard to vomiting. 
"The paralyzing powers of Opium are not less evident in its 
effects upon the bowels. Constipation almost invariably follows 
its medicinal employment, at least during the earlier periods of 
its administration ; after its protracted use, this symptom gradu- 
ally yields. This has been observed in the Opiate treatment of 
acute rheumatism by Drs. Corrigan, Stokes, and others. We 
once treated a case of this disease, in which the patient, after 
three or four days, took a grain of Opium every hour; by that 
time it ceased to confine his bowels, which continued to move 
regularly every day. The suspension of the alvine secretions by 
Opium, as well as the torpor of the intestinal muscles, doubtless 
contributes to promote constipation. It is probable, also, that, 
as observed by Sproegel, the diminished secretion of bile may 
contribute to this effect; not merely that the liver fails in its 
function, but also that the movements of the gall-ducts and of 
the duodenum, which solicit the discharge of the bile, become 
sluggish and feeble. 
"It has been found that Morphia, used hypodermically, uni- 
formly produces constipation alone, while the same agent, given 
internally, confines the bowels during a few days only, and then 
in some instances occasions diarrhoea."-Stille. 
Kidneys.-The major portion of Morphia, when introduced 
into the system, is eliminated by the kidneys, Dr. Hilger has 
found it in the urine of animals, and Bouchardat has detected it 
in the urine of a person who had only taken three-quarters of a 
grain of the aqueous extract of Opium. In habitual Opium- 
eaters, Morphia appears in the urine not longer than seven days 
after the cessation of the habit. 
"MM. Trousseau and Pidoux have studied with care the influ- 
ence of Opium upon the secretion of urine, and find, from their 
observations, that it is more frequently diminished than in- 
creased ; but that, in general, the use of an Opiate, in pretty full 
doses (as one or two grains of Morphia in twenty-four hours), 
must be continued for at least two days in order to produce 674 
OPIUM. 
either effect. The authors above report, that, in five cases of re- 
tention of urine caused by Opiates, and in which no urine had 
been passed for one or two days, not more than six or eight 
ounces of liquid were drawn off when the catheter was used. It 
is certain, however, that Morphia sometimes increases the 
amount of urine discharged, while its density is diminished. We 
have never known this effect to follow the use of Opium. A 
ready explanation of the diminished secretion of urine under the 
influence of Opium is found in the copious discharge of fluid from 
the skin, which, as will presently be shown, takes place from the 
same cause. Next to the bowels, the skin and the kidneys are 
the two great emunctories of the system, the former being most 
active in warm, and the latter in cold, climates or seasons; the 
one serving as an alternate to the other. Unless, from some 
morbid cause, there is an excess of fluid in the body, activity of 
one of these organs indicates that the other is in repose. 
"The retention of urine produced by Opium has been vari- 
ously explained. According to some, it depends upon the small 
quantity of urine secreted ; but more than enough is usually con- 
tained in the bladder to excite its contraction, were not this pre- 
vented by some other influence. The power of Opium to paralyze 
the muscles and blunt sensibility, as already pointed out in the 
case of the digestive organs, is quite sufficient to account for the 
phenomenon under notice. If it is objected that the urine is not, 
as in cases of paraplegic paralysis, discharged involuntarily, a 
sufficient answer is that the quantity collected in the bladder is at 
no time very large, - except in very rare cases, in some of which, 
indeed, the urine drips away without the patient's consciousness. 
"MM. Trousseau and Pidoux have pointed out another cause 
of difficult urination arising from Opiates, to which they attach a 
paramount importance, the diminution, namely, of the mucus 
which lubricates and protects the lining membrane of the blad- 
der. Doubtless, this membrane, like the mucous coat of the 
mouth, pharynx, and digestive canal, ceases to secrete mucus in 
due proportion when the system is affected by Opium; to this 
cause we may fairly attribute the strangury which often attends 
the efforts to pass water; for the sphincter vesicae is, in all prob- 
ability, irritated to spasmodic contraction ; but it does not appear 
to form a sufficient cause for simple retention of urine without 
strangury. "-Stille. 
♦ 
Mucous Membranes.-The secretion of mucus from the gas- 
tro-intestinal canal and respiratory organs, is greatly diminished OPIUM. 
675 
by the action of Opium and Morphia. This wonderful dryness of 
all the mucous membranes is a marked effect of this drug, and is 
found in the mouth, fauces, and larynx, with difficult deglutition, 
and a dry, husky voice, with a tormenting dry, paroxysmal, titil- 
lating, spasmodic cough ; and in the bowels this dryness is shown 
by the obstinate constipation. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-In male adults, during the stage of 
narcosis, but more commonly in that of excitation, Opium pro- 
duces priapism. The first effect of this drug, probably through 
the vascular system, is excitement of the venereal propensity. 
"The fact, that, in the bodies of those who have died while under 
the influence of Opium, the penis has sometimes been found in a 
state of erection, proves nothing in favor of the specific aphro- 
disiac powers of the drug, but only shows such cases to be analo- 
gous to those of death by hanging, and other instances of cerebral 
congestion, in which a like phenomenon has been observed. 
The long-continued abuse of it much more certainly induces im- 
potence, yet not by direct organic action so much as by involving 
the whole system in debility."-Stille. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Opium increases the menstrual 
discharge, and brings on irregularity. In excessive quantities, it 
tends to suspend the menstrual function. 
Uterus.-"Dr. P. C. Barker claims for Opium a special power 
as a parturient agent, in those cases in which the circular fibers 
are alone called into action, while the longitudinal and oblique 
fibers contract irregularly, that is, in false pains. He believes 
that Opium possesses the power of relaxing the circular fibers, at 
least of the os, and of stimulating the longitudinal and oblique 
fibers into active contraction. A more simple and intelligible 
rationale would seem to be that the relaxation of the os uteri pro- 
duced by Opium permits the body of the organ to assume its 
natural rhythmical contractions."-Stille. 
I have had the most pleasing results, in false pains, uterine 
neuralgia, violent after-pains, and menstrual colic; and, in many 
cases where other remedies have failed, I have been able to pre- 
vent an abortion with one or two doses of Morphine. 
Skin.-Opium acts prominently upon the sudoriferous or 
sweat glands. "Nothing is better established than the power of 
Opium to excite perspiration. This property of the drug was 
well known to the older writers. Bonatus says, 'We have hardly 
any diaphoretic so faithful, so certain, or which so well deserves 676 
OPIUM. 
the name; ' and Cullen declares, that 'at all times Opium lias 
been found to be the most effectual of all sudorifics.' Many of 
the old stimulant diaphoretics owed their activity entirely to the 
Opium contained in them. Cases of poisoning by this agent 
strikingly illustrate its sudorific powers; for, in most of them, 
the skin is bathed in a profuse, and sometimes greasy and grave- 
olent, sweat, while its temperature continues at the natural 
standard, or is even above it. It is said, that, when the salts of 
Morphia are employed hypodermically, the perspiration breaks 
out first in the neighborhood of the part in which the inoculation 
is made, and thence extends to the entire surface. It is usually, 
however, most copious upon the face and breast. The heat of 
the skin is meanwhile increased, and remains so as long as the 
sweat continues, which is ordinarily for twenty-four hours. The 
diaphoretic influence of Opium is much more distinctly exhibited 
in females than in males. A very common effect of Opiate medi- 
cines, and, if we are not mistaken, of the salts of Morphia espe- 
cially, is an intolerable itching of the skin. So intense is the 
irritation arising from this cause in some instances, that the ano- 
dyne and composing influence of the drug is entirely annulled, 
and the patient tosses about the bed, unable to find comfort in 
any position, and rubs or scratches every part of the body with 
violence. This itching is quite independent of the cutaneous 
eruptions which Opiates frequently occasion, and which usually 
consist of slightly elevated and reddish patches resembling those 
of measles, or are still more prominent, like the wheals of urti- 
caria. The latter, as well as prurigo and eczema, are not unfre- 
quently developed around the margin of the blistered surface 
upon which a salt of Morphia has been sprinkled, and give rise 
to a very annoying degree of itching. In a case in which the 
eruptions just mentioned appeared on taking even the smallest 
dose of Opium, there was at the same time an almost complete 
loss of sight and hearing."-Stille. 
Morphine has also produced an exanthem resembling scarla- 
tina, and Steinboemer has seen it produce a vesicular eruption. 
Also, a yellow, copper-colored skin is a marked effect of the con- 
tinued use of Opium. 
Nutrition.-Chronic Opium and Morphine poisoning, as seen 
in habitual users of this drug, shows itself in defective nutrition. 
"The most characteristic symptom of chronic Opium or Morphine 
poisoning is general disturbance of nutrition. This, however, is 
not the result of increased tissue-degeneration, nor of accelerated OPIUM. 
677 
tissue-change, but is due to diminished absorption of food in con- 
sequence of the catarrh of the stomach and intestines which 
exists. This defective nutrition can never give rise to a sensation 
of hunger, on account of the steady, simultaneous reduction of 
the impressionability of the sensory nerves. The excreta of per- 
sons in this condition, though less than in the normal state, are 
nevertheless in excess of the ingesta; hence the result is com- 
plete emaciation. Much has been written upon tissue-change 
under the influence of Morphine and Opium; and it has been 
generally maintained that change of tissue has been retarded. 
Boecker, especially, maintained that the solid constituents of the 
urine were diminished under the use of Opium. Experiments 
which I have made with Morphine on dogs, with the necessary 
precautions, showed that, by the use of Morphine, the decompo- 
sition of the nitrogenous tissues suffers a very slight decrease,-a 
result which depends on the diminution of blood-pressure and of 
the flow of fluids through the parenchymatous tissue. A further 
investigation, carried out by Dr. J. Bauer and myself, as to the 
excretion of Carbonic acid under the influence of Morphine in 
dogs and cats, showed that Morphine acts only indirectly upon 
the excretion of Carbonic acid by its influence on muscular activ- 
ity. When the muscular movements were increased by Morphine, 
or when convulsions in animals were produced, the formation 
and excretion of carbonic acid were greater than in the normal 
condition; but if, on the other hand, Morphine induced muscular 
inactivity or sleep, the production and excretion of Carbonic acid 
were diminished. The loss of appetite which chronic Opium- 
poisoning creates may depend somewhat upon the paralytic con- 
dition of the vessels and nerves brought about by the constant in- 
fluence of the poison. 
"As to the origin of the neuralgias, anaesthesia, hyperaesthesia, 
and the other symptoms of chronic Meconismus, it is explained 
partly by the general disturbance of nutrition, which leads to 
fatty degeneration of most of the structures of the body, partly, 
also, by the direct influence of the poison upon the substance of 
the nerves."-Ziemssen. 
General Effects.-Dr. McPherson draws a frightful picture of 
the derangement of the nervous system from the habitual use of 
Opium internally, or by smoking. 
"The stooping figure, the shuffling gait, the drooping eye- 
brow, and dull eye surrounded by a livid circle, give an appear- 
ance of premature decrepitude. The sexual organs lose their OPIUM. 
678 
power in both man and. woman; and in men there is often a 
gleety discharge; in the female, the secretion of milk is defective. 
Ultimately, the stomach is the seat of an incessant gnawing pain, 
the food is vomited, diarrhoea comes on, the urine is turbid, and 
Bright's disease is not uncommon. Dr. Libermann adds, in 
describing the state of chronic delirium into which the Opium- 
smoker ultimately falls: 'The wretched man is assailed by the 
most various hallucinations, but all very unlike the voluptuous 
visions which he enjoyed on his first dalliance with the poison. 
The most disgusting objects and the most horrible scenes are per- 
petually before him, but mostly at night, when he in vain seeks 
refuge from his misery in sleep. He is haunted by spectral toads 
and all manner of obscene animals,- or a fiery dragon swoops 
around and drags him into a flaming pit. Sometimes he endures 
all the tortures of a Buddhist's hell; or, fancying himself one 
moment in voluptuous embraces, the next, he finds within his 
arms the mangled limbs of a hideous monster. These images, 
which, we are assured, are literal copies of the Opium-eater's 
phantasms, present a vivid resemblance to the more familiar 
spectral illusions of delirium tremens.'"-Stille. 
"The habitual use of Opium diminishes in a remarkable 
degree the susceptibility to its action. Numerous instances are 
on record in which a pint or more of Laudanum has been taken 
daily, or several hundred grains of Opium, or a scruple of Mor- 
phia. The author has met with a patient who took a scruple of 
Morphia a day subcutaneously. A gradual increase of the dose 
becomes necessary in order to produce a given physiological 
effect; but the increase is much slower when given subcutane- 
ously than when it is administered by the stomach."-Bartholoiv. 
Dose.-One to four grains of Opium; of Morphice sulphas, one- 
sixth to one-half of a grain. 
Active Principles.-The active principles found in this drug 
are: 
Narcotina.-A feeble narcotic. Ten to fifteen grains produce 
diaphoresis, nausea, giddiness, and vomiting. 
Codeia.-Action very similar to Morphia, without producing 
nausea, vomiting, or obstinate constipation. Dose, one-quarter 
to one grain. 
Narceia.-In doses of from one to five grains, it is a feeble 
hypnotic, without sweating, vomiting, or constipation. 
Meconine.-Similar to Narceia, but more feeble. OPIUM. 
679 
Cryptopia.-Marked hypnotic, about one-fourth as strong as 
Morphia. 
Thebaia.-One to two grains produces a hypnotic and tetaniz- 
ing action. 
Papaverine.-Doses of six or eight grains act slowly and very 
similarly to Morphine, not acting so much on the digestive organs. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Head.-In all diseases that call for the use of Opium, the 
central difficulty will be found in the brain. 
Great drowsiness, profound stupor, with stertorous breathing. 
Profound coma; patient can not be aroused from stupor; 
pupils greatly contracted, or widely dilated; face puffed, with 
dark red or cherry-brown appearance; stertorous breathing; 
pulse full and labored, or slow and feeble. 
"Complete insensibility, so that it was impossible, either by 
pulling the hair or pinching the skin, to excite any wincing or 
signs of uneasiness; sudden affusion of cold water produced no 
effect."-Dr. Harrison. 
Dullness of the head, no mental grasp for anything. 
"The face is purplish and swollen, with soporous sleep, sterto- 
rous breathing, and vomiting."-G. 
Mind.-All Opium-eaters are chronic liars. 
"Diseases that originate from fright, the fear of the fright 
still remaining."-G. 
"Thinks she is not at home; this is continually in her mind; 
face purplish and swollen."-G. [Congestion of the head.] 
"Very sleepy but can not sleep."-G. [Or profound coma.] 
"Sleeplessness, with acuteness of hearing; clocks striking and 
cocks crowing at a great distance, keep her awake."-Fincke. 
Unrefreshing, soporous sleep, with eyes half open; snoring 
during inspiration and expiration ; congestion of the brain. 
"Screaming before or during the spasm."-G. 
"Delirious talking; eyes wide open ; face red and puffed."-Hg. 
Sopor with delirium; depression of the lower jaw; dilated 
pupils; and general symptoms of paralysis of the brain. 
"Drunkenness, with stupor as with smoke in the brain, eyes 
burning hot, and dry."-Hg. 
"After a fright, with fear, convulsions, or the head hot, and 
twitching around the mouth."-Hg. 
Twitching, trembling of the head, arms, and hands, now and 
then; jerks as if the flexors were over-acting; body cold, inclina- 680 
OPIUM. 
tion to stupid sopor; motion of the body and uncovering of the 
body relieves. (Scarlet fever and measles.) 
Vivid imaginations ; sees frightful ghosts ; easily frightened. 
"Although sleepy, he is unable to fall asleep, with slow pulse." 
-Grim. 
"Deep, sound sleep, with rattling respiration, as in apoplexy." 
-Dr. Lassus. 
Sobbing during sleep, with stupefaction and partly open eyes. 
"A short cough, caused by a cold; a recent trembling caused 
by fright; a diarrhoea which has been suddenly occasioned by 
fear, a cold, or other slight causes; retching which has come on 
in consequence of a moral emotion, as loathing, etc., yield to 
Opium."-Hah. 
In apoplexy, recent cases, Opium has been of great value. Dr. 
J. Barker has found Apis succeed in several cases of cerebral 
apoplexy where Opium had entirely failed. Opium is indicated 
when we have slow, full pulse, with snoring during respiration. 
Eyes.-Lids hang down as if paralyzed; ptosis. 
"Total or partial paralysis of the accommodation, with im- 
paired sensibility of the retina."-A. and N. 
"Embolism of the central artery of the retina, with hemor- 
rhagic spots on the disk."-A. and N. 
"Contracted pupils in cholera infantum."-Jig. 
"Sensation as if the eye were too large for the orbit."-Hg. 
"Pupils dilated, and insensible to the light."-Hg. 
"Eyes dry and weak, with burning, and a sensation as if dust 
were in them."-Joerg. [Face bloated, red and livid.] 
Sensation of sand or dust in the eye, with burning in the eyes. 
Digestive Organs.-Tongue white, mouth dry, with unquench- 
able thirst, from arrest of the mucous secretions. 
Violent and cutting pain in the abdomen, as if being cut to 
pieces. 
"Colic with great pressure downward upon the rectum and 
bladder, without any passing-off of faeces, gas, or urine."-Raue. 
It is of great value in lead colic. 
Constipation, stools composed of round, hard, black balls. 
This is Opium's greatest characteristic, if with violent griping in 
the abdomen. 
"Nervous and irritable; passes nothing but hard, black balls 
from the bowels."-Jig. [From arrested secretions.] 
Abdomen distended and tympanitic ; from indigestion. OPIUM. 
681 
"Opium renders the intestines so sluggish that the most active 
purgatives lose their power."-Hg. [Complete arrest of digestion.] 
"Persistent diarrhoea in those treated with large doses of the 
drug."-Lippe. 
Urinary Organs.-The expulsive power of the bladder be- 
comes paralyzed, and extensive calculi form in the bladder. 
Paralytic incontinence of urine from irritation of the lower 
portion of the spine; solids greatly increased. 
"Nocturnal enuresis; urinates very often; bloody urine."-G. 
"Frequent urination; she passes little and often, with much 
burning."-G. [Skin very active.] 
"In retention of urine, Opium is our best remedy. The secre- 
tion of urine is not diminished; but it certainly does cause its re- 
tention in the bladder, perhaps chiefly by the blunting of the lin- 
ing membrane of the neck of the bladder, so that the fullness is 
not recognized by the patient."-D. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"Nocturnal emissions, from plethora 
of the sexual organs; or emissions without erections, followed by 
debility and great relaxation of the parts."-Hempel. 
Complete impotence from lack of nutrition. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Great excitement of the sexual 
organs of women, with sexual dreams at night and sexual orgasm. 
Perfect loss of sexual desire, from lack of nutrition. 
Irregular menstruation, or too early, too profuse, with weak, 
faint spells; from fright. 
Abortion from great fright. 
"During and after labor spasms, with loss of consciousness 
and stupor, open mouth; heavy breathing."-Hg. 
"Suppression of lochia from fright, with stupor."-Hg. 
"Violent movements of the foetus."-Hg. 
Softness of the uterus, with fetid discharge. 
"Amenorrhoea from fright."-Hg. [Chronic Opium eaters lose 
the menstrual function completely, and become imbecile.] 
Respiratory Organs.-"Hoarseness, with dry mouth and 
throat, and white tongue."-Hg. [With dry cough.] 
"Admirable in spasmodic, dry, titillating cough; especially 
tormenting at night, with scanty expectoration."-Baehr. 
"Never give Opium in cough with profuse expectoration of 
mucus, or it will tend to great dryness."-Baehr. 
I can testify to its great utility in dry, spasmodic nightly 682 
OPIUM. 
coughs that prevent sleep; the mucous secretion is completely- 
arrested. 
"Spasmodic cough, with continued dry titillation, allowing no 
rest either by day or night."-Dr. Hirschel. 
"Frequent involuntary deep breathing."-Dr. Bresslauer. 
Very slow, stertorous, puffing respiration in apoplexy. 
"Pulse slow, with slow, stertorous respiration; face extremely 
red, profuse perspiration, with convulsions."-Muz ell. 
Skin.-Skin feels very dry, but has no fever. 
"Very troublesome itching all over; rarely sensitive to the 
touch."-Hg. 
"Redness and itching of the skin."-G. [Urticaria, measles.] 
"The skin hot and damp, or sweating, even in the morning, 
and a desire to uncover."-Hg. [Chronic ulceration.] 
Sudden retrocession of acute eruptions; paralysis of the brain 
sets in; or convulsions, nervousness, and diarrhoea. 
Coldness of the limbs; sleepy, but can not sleep from too much 
blood in the brain. (Very characteristic.) 
"Bed feels so hard she can not lie upon it."-G. [This last 
symptom is a prominent key to the use of Opium.] 
"Cold perspiration over whole body, especially the head."-Hg. 
Fever.-Shaking chill, with deep, soporous sleep. 
"Hot head, with profuse sweat about the head."-Dr. Allen. 
"Burning heat, with soporous, snoring sleep."-Hg. 
"Hot morning sweat, wants to be uncovered, stertorous breath- 
ing."-Allen. 
Congestive chill; paroxysms, regular in time, irregular in 
stages. 
Constantly complains that the bed is too hot; must be uncov- 
ered. 
Light hair, lax muscles, and want of bodily irritability. 
Extremities.-Convulsions from fright, twitching and spas- 
modic movements of the limbs; heaviness, weakness, and pa- 
ralysis. 
Coldness of the extremities; arms and legs tremble. 
Aggravation.-Night and morning; warmth; during rest, 
from stimulants, and while perspiring. 
Amelioration.-From cold; motion; during the day and 
evening. OSTRYA VIRGINICA. 
683 
OSTRYA VIRGINICA. 
Iron Wood. 
Habitat: America, etc. Decoction from heart of the tree sawed fine, evaporated to a powder, 
and then triturated; or tincture from the chips and sawdust. Class IV. 
Through the animal nervous system, Ostrya has three special cen- 
ters of action: 
I. Cerebro-Spinal System. Intermittent and Bilious Fever. 
II. Stomach and Small Intes. Conges.; Incr'd Secret'ns; Atony. 
III. Liver and Spleen. Congestion; Hypertrophy; Anaemia. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-The physiological action of this 
drug is not known; but the light feeling of the head, the severe 
and constant headache; prickling feeling of the head, face, and 
hands; feeling of excessive languor; disposition to yawn; cold, 
chilly feelings, and the constant pain in the lumbar and sacral 
region, all point strongly to this system as the starting point for 
the action of Ostrya. 
Digestive Organs.-The slimy, coppery, bitter taste; yellow- 
coated tongue; at first, increased appetite, then, perfect loss of 
appetite; frequent nausea, with dull frontal headache; constant 
distress in the epigastric and umbilical regions; sinking sensation 
in the epigastrium; constant dull pains in the right hypochon- 
drium and stomach ; frequent and hard cutting pains in the umbil- 
ical region; the bilious, thin, mushy, and watery stool,-all point 
to a strong action of this remedy upon the stomach, liver, and 
small intestines. 
Therapeutic -Individuality. 
Its characteristics are unknown. In sporadic and endemic 
intermittents, with symptoms closely resembling those of China, 
especially if the case has often been suppressed by Quinine, Ostrya 
will be found one of the most reliable remedies in the Materia 
Medica. In badly treated cases that often occur again and again, 
with enlarged spleen and great anaemia, it has never failed once. 684 
PETROLEUM. 
PETROLEUM. 
Kock Oil. 
Habitat: America, Asia, etc. Trituration. Tincture, 1 part of Petroleum to 50 of Alcohol. 
Antidotes.-Nux vomica, Aconite, Terebinthina, Pulsatilla. 
Through the vegetative nervous system, Petroleum has four special 
centers of action: 
I. Skin. Eczema; Pustules; Fissures; Vesicular Inflammation. 
II. Glandular System. Lymphatic Secretions Foul and Fetid. 
III. Digestive Organs. Gastro-Enteritis. 
IV. Mucous Membranes. (Lungs.) Catarrhal Inflammation. 
Skin.-The action upon the cutaneous system is shown by the 
excessive sensitiveness of the whole cutaneous surface; trifling 
injuries cause suppuration; the hands and lips become hard and 
cracked; warts, corns; humid eczemata on various localities, espe- 
cially at the ano-perineal region; scrotum, and scalp. The scalp 
sweats profusely, and the hair falls out. Erysipelatous, vesicu- 
lar, and pustular inflammation, etc. 
Glandular System.-Its action upon the lymphatics is shown 
by the unhealthiness of the skin which causes a general tendency 
to ulcerate, and the foul, fetid sweat of the axillae and feet. It 
also affects the submaxillary glands and tonsils. 
Digestive Organs.-Dr. Lugeol reports one case of death on 
the twentieth day from a glass of Petroleum swallowed by mis- 
take, with all the symptoms of yastro-enteritis. Dr. Mayer says : 
"A remarkable fact is that there is no spontaneous tendency to 
vomiting, nor is there usually diarrhoea." This is remarkable; 
for many in our school testify to its great utility in sea-sickness. 
Drs. Hughes and Bayes have seen wonderful results with the Oil 
in this difficulty. Sea-sickness being caused by cerebral irrita- 
tion, we must have a remedy that affects the brain; and here the 
Oil is at home, for it produces oppression, giddiness, palpitation, 
faintness; headache with a tendency to stupor; and it has caused 
frightful tonic and clonic convulsions. PETROLEUM. 
685 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Skin.-Petroleum is especially adapted to chronic ulcerations, 
used both internally and locally, and to sub-acute and chronic 
bronchitis. 
"Particularly indicated in diseases of the ears, mucous mem- 
branes, skin, and joints."-Muller. 
"Rapid appearance and disappearance of symptoms."-Muller. 
"Brown and yellow spots on the skin."-G. 
"Many furuncles on the neck and arms, with ulceration of the 
ears."-Muller. [Excellent in boils and fissures.] 
"Deep, fistulous ulcers."-G. [Discharges very offensive.] 
"Itching herpes on the perinseum."-G. 
Small wounds spread and ulcerate; sweat fetid. 
"Labia majora perspire and itch much."-G. 
"Spots on the legs are painful to the touch."-G. 
"Heat in the soles of the feet and palms of the hands."-G. 
[See Sulphur.] 
"Tenderness of the feet when they are bathed."-G. 
Fetid sweat from the axillae and feet. 
"Cracking of the skin on the ends of the fingers."-E. M. Hale. 
"Tips of the fingers rough, cracked, fissured, with sticking, 
cutting pain."-Hah. [Chronic eczema.] • 
"Finger-nails are painful when touched as if bruised."-Hah. 
"Skin of the hands fissured, cracked, and rough."-Hah. 
"The patient was unable to bend the head forward, or to turn 
it, on account of the pain caused by the development of abscesses 
on the nape of the neck. These furuncles were associated with a 
moist eruption on the margin of the hair of the occiput, like 
eczema ; one boil after another opened and discharged ; the vertigo 
and other symptoms disappeared."-Hah. 
"Painful sensitiveness of the skin of the whole body, all cloth- 
ing is painful."-Hah. [Much chafing.] 
"The nipples itch and have a mealy coating."-Hah. 
"Papular eruption on corner of mouth and ears."-Hah. 
Great tenderness of the feet, which are bathed in foul-smell- 
ing sweat. 
Mind.-"Irritable, offended at trifles, very quarrelsome; vexed 
about everything."-Hah. [Bilious condition.] 
Great fearfulness, with despondency; in gastric affections. 
"Very forgetful, disinclined to think."-Hah. 
"The sleep is restless and full of distressing dreams."-H. C. 
Jessen, M. D. 686 
PETROLEUM. 
Head.-"Dullness of the head, as if enveloped in a fog; espe- 
cially after eating is the head befogged."-Hah. 
Much vertigo, as if intoxicated, more in the occiput. 
"Heaviness of head in the morning, with headache."-Hah. 
"Heaviness like lead in the occiput."-Hah. 
"Pressure in the occiput; pulsation in the occiput when lying 
upon it."-Hah. [Chronic indigestion, with anaemia.] 
"Much itching on the scalp, worse from scratching."-Hah. 
"Profuse falling-out of the hair."-Hah. 
Moist eczema, sore after scratching; tinea capitis. 
Ears.-"Inflamed and painful swelling of the meatus audi- 
torius, with rawness and soreness behind the ears."-Hah. 
"The ear is very painful externally."-Hah 
"Diminished hearing, with roaring as of wind in ears."-Hah. 
Loss of hearing, with much roaring as of wind in the ears. 
Inflammation and ulceration of the ear, with cracking sounds. 
Eyes.-No better external remedy can be used than purified 
Petroleum, Cosmoline, and Vaseline, in blepharitis, conjuncti- 
vitis granulosa, scabs and agglutination of the lids. 
"In disorders of the lachrymal apparatus, especially blennor- 
rhoea of the lachrymal sacs, and recent lachrymal fistula, this 
remedy is of the first importance."-A. and N. 
"Scrofulous ophthalmia with pains at the root of the nose, 
swelling of the lids, purulent discharges from the eyes and nos- 
trils, with pustular conjunctivitis."-A. and N. 
Ciliary blepharitis from chronic conjunctivitis. 
"Burning in eyes, with dimness of vision on exertion."-Hah. 
Floating black figures, and fiery dots in the field of vision. 
Digestive Organs.-"Great accumulation of mucus in the 
mouth and nose; tongue coated white."-Hah. 
"Slimy, sour, bitter taste in the mouth."-Hah. 
"Swelling of the submaxillary glands, and gums very painful." 
-Hah. 
Bad odor from the mouth in lung and gastric diseases. 
Stomach.-"Ravenous hunger, frequently so that she became 
quite sick on account of it; frequently awakened by hunger at 
night. Ravenous hunger, but speedy satiety after stool."-Hah. 
[Incessant nausea and vomiting.] 
"Much thirst for beer, for a whole week."-Hah. 
"Repeated hot, sharp, sour eructations and uprisings."-Hah. PETROLEUM. 
687 
Sick, qualmish sensation in the stomach; violent vomiting. 
"Nausea and qualmishness all day."-Hah. [With vertigo.] 
"Nausea in the morning, with accumulation of water in the 
mouth."-Hah. 
"Sudden nausea on walking, with accumulation of water in 
the mouth; sudden heat in the face, with vertigo."-Hah. 
"Nausea every morning, immediately after waking, she could 
not eat breakfast."-Hah. [Stomach feels empty.] 
"Nausea all day, often so violent that it takes away the breath, 
without vomiting."-Hah. [Sea-sickness.] 
"Violent vomiting; vomiting of bile and blood."-Hah. 
"Feeling of great emptiness in the stomach, as after long hun- 
ger."-Hah. 
Drs. Bayes and Hughes have great confidence in Petroleum in 
sea-sickness; and it has given good results in this affection. 
"I have chiefly given it in atonic dyspepsia with a tendency to 
diarrhoea, or to vomiting, with pains in the epigastrium, tender- 
ness in the epigastrium, occasional pyrosis, and chilly abdomen." 
Dr. Bayes. [Much colic and diarrhoea.] 
"Particularly applicable in all gastric troubles of pregnant 
females."-G. [When the head symptoms are prominent.] 
"Sensation of repletion after a little food."-H. N. Martin. 
"Gastralgia whenever stomach becomes empty."-Dr. Bayes. 
"Gastralgia with pressing, drawing pains; ameliorated by 
keeping on eating something constantly."-G. [Vide Chelido- 
nium.] 
Dyspepsia with much flatulence, great debility, and cold feel- 
ing in the heart. 
Abdomen.-"Cold feeling in the abdomen."-G. 
"Cold feeling in the heart."-G. [In obstinate indigestion.] 
"Abdomen much distended with gas, for several days."-Hah. 
"Cutting in the abdomen, with nausea and diarrhoea."-Hah. 
Stools slimy, with pain in the bowels, and palpitation of heart. 
"Much diarrhoea through the day, none at night."- G. 
"Burning and stingingin anus and rectum after stool."-Hah. 
"Raw haemorrhoids; scurf on the anus."-G. 
"Stools, yellowish watery, mucous and bloody. After derang- 
ing the stomach; after sauerkraut; after cabbage ; after riding in 
a carriage; during pregnancy; in the morning, and during stormy 
weather."-J. B. Bell. [Excellent.] 
"The most striking symptom of Petroleum is restless sleep, 688 
PETROLEUM. 
the patient waking often, and imagining that another person lies 
sick in the same bed."-J. B. Bell, M. D. 
Urinary Organs.-Scanty, frequent urination. 
"Dribbling of urine after micturition."-Hah. 
"Great desire to urinate, with itching of the meatus."-Raue. 
Brown, offensive urine, with burning in the urethra. 
Chronic albuminuria with many symptoms of indigestion. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"Itching and moisture of the scro- 
tum."-Hah. 
Eczema, erections, and pollutions, with sexual excitement. 
Chronic prostatitis, with mucous discharges; chronic gonor- 
rhoea : discharges of blood in the semen, with much irritation. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too late and scanty. (See 
Graphites.) 
Vulva very sore, with burning in the vagina; discharge of 
mucus; the leucorrhoea is acrid, excoriating, and exhausting. 
Aversion to coition, in cold, lymphatic females. 
Very offensive lochia ; from perverted lymphatic secretions. 
"Profuse leucorrhoea every day, with lascivious dreams at 
night."-G. 
Chronic gonorrhoea, discharges very acrid. 
Coccyx very painful on sitting; from the effects of a bruise. 
Chest.-Cough and oppression of the chest at night. 
Much prostration of the arms and legs ; excessive languor. 
Phthisis.-Dr. Milton has great confidence in crude Petroleum 
found incrusted on the bottom of the tanks, which has the con- 
sistency of putty, made into three to five grain pills, and given 
once in four hours. He cured nineteen cases out of twenty-five 
cases treated. He thinks it acts by preventing inflammation in 
the lungs, thereby retarding any further destruction of the lung 
tissue, or directly upon the disease. Prof. J. S. Mitchell has also 
great confidence in this drug in Phthisis in its first stages, espe- 
cially the tuberculous variety. He says: "The catarrh of Petro- 
leum is not generally attended with much expectoration ; there 
may be frothy, yellow sputa, and the rattling which does not give 
rise to much expectoration; there is a disposition to ulceration, 
both of the nostrils and mouth. In cases where there is great 
hoarseness, showing involvement of the larynx, it is likely to be 
beneficial, and when there are pressing, digging pains in the chest. PHOSPHORUS. 
689 
It has great power to lower the pulse and high temperature. The 
great exhaustion, etc., all point strongly to Petroleum." 
Aggravation.-In open air; from cold; during a thunder- 
storm, and from riding in a carriage or ship. 
Amelioration.-From warmth and rest. 
PHOSPHORUS. 
An Klein ent. 
Preparation: Trituration. Alcoholic solution. The Phosphorus is dissolved by being placed 
in a hot-water bath in an open bottle: equal to the 3d dec. Ethereal solution equal to the 
1st dec. Also prepared in Glycerine and Cod-liver Oil. 
Antidotes-Terebinth.. Sulph.. Calc., Ferr.. Nux vom.. Catnph.. Magnesia, Emetics. 
Through tae great vegetative nervous system, Phosphorus has thir- 
teen special centers of action : 
I. Stomach. Gastritis; Gastralgia; Hypert'y; ILematemesis. 
II. Intestines (Small). Congest.; Infiam.; Watery Diarrhoea. 
III. Liver. Congest.; Infiam.; Icterus; Hypert.; Fatty Degen. 
IV. Spleen. Congestion; Hypertrophy; Fatty Degeneration. 
V. Kidneys. Infiam.; Albuminuria; Hemorrh.; Fatty Degen. 
VI. Heart. Fatty Degeneration; Venous Stagnation. 
VII. Arteries. Fatty Degeneration, with Vast Hemorrhages. 
VIII. Blood. Corpuscles Dissolved; Hydrcemia; Ecchymoses. 
IX. Cer.-S. S. (1) Stimula.; (2)Nutr.Destr'd; Paral.; Neural. 
X. Sexual 0., Male. (7) Aphrodisiac; (2) Paralysis; Impot. 
XI. Sexual 0., Fem. Small Doses Stimulate; Large, Paralyze. 
XII. Bones. (Maxillae.) Periostitis; Caries; Necrosis. 
XIII. Lungs. Congestion; Inflammation; Hepatization. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-Phosphorus has a powerful action 
upon this tract. "In its unaltered state, it is not a local irri- 
tant. It does not set up gastro-enteritis as the corrosive poisons 
do, unless it becomes oxidized in the stomach and hypophosphorous 
acid is formed. But, however it is introduced into the system, it 
is liable to set up what Virchow calls a gastro-adenitis, a swelling 
and shedding of the epithelial cells of the mucous membrane like 690 
PHOSPHORUS. 
that we have seen occasionally induced by Arsenic, and like that 
which obtains in cholera. The same process goes on in the intes- 
tines, and is accompanied there by diarrhoea, as in the stomach 
by vomiting. This is its acute action. But, when gradually in- 
gested by rabbits, Wegener finds it to set up an irritation of the 
interstitial connective tissue of the stomach, causing a 'chronic 
indurative gastritis, with thickening, analogous to cirrhosis of the 
liver.' From these processes may occur the condition described 
by Taylor: 'Chronic poisoning by the drug is accompanied by 
cardialgia, frequent vomiting, sense of heat in the stomach, 
diarrhoea, tenesmus, pains in the joints, marasmus, hectic fever, 
and disease of the stomach, under which the patient may slowly 
sink.' "-Hughes. 
"As was first pointed out by Virchow, there is universally a 
gastro-adenitis, which causes the gastric mucous membrane to be 
thickened, opaque, whitish, grayish, or yellowish-white. Under 
the microscope, the epithelial cells appear swollen and filled with 
granules and oil-globules; and, in very advanced degeneration, 
the cells completely break down. This gastro-adenitis is not due 
to a local action of the Phosphorus; because it occurs when the 
poison is introduced through other channels than the mouth. 
The duodenum and intestines suffer similar changes. The stools 
are at times normal in character and frequency; but there is 
generally diarrhoea or constipation, with flatulence. Late in the 
attack, the passages are in most cases very light clay-colored, or 
even whitish; and exceptionally they are bloody, and, in some 
cases, phosphorescent."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
In about eighty-eight per cent, Phosphorus produces vomit- 
ing ; and the vomited matter consists of food, mucus, bile, and 
blood, and is luminous in the dark. This vomiting generally 
ceases the second or third day, to re-appear with the subsequent 
jaundice ; the vomited matter now is coffee-colored, from exuded 
decomposed blood. With this vomiting, there is apt to be much 
pain and tenderness in the right hypochondrium and epigastric 
region. 
Post-mortem Apgjearances.-"The gastric mucous membrane is 
swollen, grayish, and non-transparent, with small or large ecchy- 
motic spots, and rarely ulcers, which are small and in the pyloric 
region. The mucous membrane of the duodenum often presents 
the same appearances. That of the small and large intestines is 
pale, with occasional ecchymosis. The contents of the stomach 
and intestines are often bloody; the intestines contain little or no- 
bile ; and the spleen is often recently enlarged."-Ziemssen. PHOSPHORUS. 
691 
Liver.-The liver is really the greatest special center of ac- 
tion for Phosphorus. No remedy produces more profound altera- 
tions of its structure. The first twenty-four hours the gastric 
symptoms predominate, and then, almost always, "there comes 
on a comparatively healthy condition which may last two or 
three days, or even longer. Then the severe symptoms begin, 
usually with jaundice, which increases more or less rapidly until 
it reaches the highest degree of intensity; with this comes urtica- 
ria, which generally accompanies severe jaundice. Simultane- 
ously with the icterus, there is more or less pain in the epigastrium, 
especially in the region of the liver. At this time, enlargement 
of the liver can usually be detected by palpation and percussion; 
and this organ continues to increase while the patient is under 
observation; mild febrile disturbances are frequent, and vomit- 
ing, now more or less bloody, comes on again. With these symp- 
toms, the heart soon begins to fail, and death ensues. . 
In a very few cases, an apparent diminution in the size of the 
liver, which was previously enlarged, has been observed a few 
days before death. 
"Post-mortem Appearances.-The liver is, as a rule, enormously 
enlarged, and presents the appearance of one in a high degree of 
fatty degeneration. It is usually pale yellow, but may be deep 
yellow; the acini are plainly perceptible and large ; the substance 
is brittle and fatty; here and there ecchymoses beneath the cap- 
sule or along the course of the blood-vessels may be seen. . . . 
The reports and opinions of authors differ in regard to the 
appearances of the liver. Some of the authorities, at the head of 
whom stands Mannkopf, found, especially in those cases with 
commencing atrophy, proliferation of cells in the interstitial 
tissue, an increase of this tissue, and aggregations of nuclei. 
Others, among wdiom are Schultzen and Riess, never have seen 
such an active process in the interstitial tissue, but simply a 
fatty degeneration of the cells. Whether the changes taking 
place in the liver in Phosphorus-poisoning are essentially differ- 
ent from those in acute yellow atrophy of the liver or not, the ex- 
periments of Wegener are conclusive so far as the anatomical side 
of the question is concerned. 
"Wegener found 'an interstitial hepatitis of the most marked 
degree. The result of this, when produced by the use of relatively 
large doses of Phosphorus continued for several months in rab- 
bits, is always essentially the same; namely, an atrophy of three 
kinds, smooth induration of the organ, or a form of atrophy occa- 
sionally seen in man as the result of syphilis; a hepar lobatum 692 
PHOSPHORUS. 
with numerous deep contractions, which produce a great deform- 
ity of the organ; or, finally, the typical granular atrophy, the 
classical cirrhosis of the liver. In all these cases, chronic icterus 
is present. If the atrophy is of the last-mentioned variety, there 
are found those regularly developed secondary affections which 
are familiar in human pathology ; viz., venous hyperaemia of the 
stomach and intestines, indurative enlargement of the spleen,' etc. 
"This complete description leaves no doubt about the fact, 
that, in cases of chronic poisoning by Phosphorus, the most ex- 
quisite proliferation of cells takes place in the interstitial tissue 
of the liver. This gives, therefore, the most important evidence 
in favor of the views of those who, with Mannkopf, consider the 
changes which take place in the liver in acute Phosphorus-poison- 
ing and acute atrophy of the liver as identical. 
"The almost constant appearance of jaundice depends upon 
the resorption of the bile; the simultaneous presence of a large 
amount of the biliary acids in the urine proves this. The hem- 
orrhages appear to depend upon the fatty degeneration of the 
walls of the smaller blood-vessels."-Ziemssen. 
"The elimination of bile acids in the urine shows that the 
jaundice of Phosphorus is caused, not by an arrest of secretion, 
but by an occlusion of the biliary passages and consequent 
resorption of the bile. Dr. 0. Kohts has apparently demon- 
strated that the occlusion is most frequently due to the duode- 
nitis involving the common duct, so as to obliterate its lumen by 
the swelling of the mucous membrane. In some cases, however, 
it is probable, as believed by Wyss, Alter, and Ebstein, that a 
catarrhal inflammation of the minute gall ducts is the cause of 
jaundice, and also that the result is in part affected through 
pressure upon those ducts by the swelling of the glandular and 
trabecular tissue. It is proper to state that Demarbaix and Will- 
mart insist that the icterus is not really hepatogenous, but haemic 
in origin, chiefly because they have found hsematoidin in the 
urine. This fact, however, proves only that the blood is altered 
by the poison; it does not disprove the liver-origin of the jaun- 
dice."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Kidneys.-"Of especial interest is the character of the urine 
eliminated. At first, there is no marked change in amount or 
density; later, it is diminished in amount during the last few 
days, even to the minimum (between three and four ounces). It 
usually contains a small, rarely a large, amount of albumen, fre- 
quently blood and so-called fibrinous casts, and, with the appear- PHOSPHORUS. 
693 
ance of jaundice, biliary pigments and acids. Leucin and tyrosin 
are rarely found in it; but paralactic acid is often detected in 
large amount, especially in fatal cases. Schultzen and Riess 
found that the urea almost completely disappeared upon the ap- 
proach of death; and in its stead there appeared, even in cases 
ending in recovery, a peculiar nitrogenous 'extractive' material, 
which was, according to these authors, very similar to peptone. 
In experiments upon animals, this disappearance of urea could 
not be produced. The kidneys are very much enlarged and 
fatty."-Ziemssen. 
Dr. R. Hughes says: "It may be thought that the affection of 
the kidneys is secondary to that of the liver, as in two of Frerich's 
best-described cases of acute atrophy, fatty degeneration was dis- 
covered in their glandular cells. I must mention, however, that 
there is one case on record in which there was no jaundice nor 
cerebral disturbance during life, although the liver was found 
{post mortem) enlarged and fatty. In this case, the urine during 
life was highly colored and frothy, its specific gravity increased, 
and it contained albumen and exudation cells. After death, the 
cortical substance of the kidneys was granular; the Malpighian 
corpuscles resembled red points; and, on a microscopical exami- 
nation, the uriniferous tubuli were found blocked up by exudation 
matter. While I agree with Dr. Hempel that this is not Bright's 
disease, it is nevertheless a very decided nephritis, and warrants 
the expectation that Phosphorus may find a place in the treat- 
ment of the idiopathic affection. It should also obviously be 
given in primary fatty degeneration of the kidneys. The indica- 
tion for it is strengthened by the fact, that, in one of Dr. G. John- 
son's cases, this affection (which came on in three weeks' time) 
appeared to be the immediate result of sexual excess." 
The microscopic examination of the kidneys shows decidedly 
fatty degeneration; the single urinary canaliculi full of large 
fatty drops. 
Circulation.-Phosphorus produces the typical fatty heart 
and arteries. The microscopic examination of the muscles of the 
heart shows excessive fatty degeneration, and that they are full of 
a large quantity of fine brown granules. 
"The muscular tissue of the heart is pale, and evenly colored 
of a light grayish-yellow, or in some cases (especially apparent 
beneath the endocardium), it is striped, or contains net-like trac- 
ings formed by light, wavy lines upon a grayish-red ground. The 
cardiac tissue is brittle, and appears fatty both to the touch and 
to the eye."-Ziemssen. 694 
PHOSPHORUS. 
Buchner says: "Phosphorus is the very antipode of the versa- 
tile Arsenicum; Arsenicum affecting the left heart, Phosphorus 
the right one; or, in other words, Arsenic causes arterial stagna- 
tion, and Phosphorus, venous stagnation, with or without dis- 
turbance of the lesser circulation. The fatty degeneration of the 
heart is, according to Bamberger, a deposition of fatty granules 
in the primitive fibers, so that the whole muscular texture is lost, 
and the sarcolemma is filled up with closely standing fat-molecules. 
The heart becomes pale yellow, very friable, and can easily be 
torn. The extension of the fatty degeneration goes pari passu 
with the weakness of the heart." 
According to Wegener and Klebs, the hemorrhages which 
occur in the course of Phosphorus-poisoning are due to a fatty 
degeneration of the arterial walls. Stokes says, that the pulse 
varies in frequency, sometimes being diminished to forty, some- 
times being much accelerated; it is extremely feeble, and is early 
characterized by the failure of any difference between the first 
and second sounds; finally, the first sound disappears entirely. 
"At the height of the poisoning, there is frequently a tendency 
to hemorrhage of various kinds; the vomiting of blood may be 
very copious, and with it there may be bloody stools; also bleed- 
ing at the nose, metrorrhagia, and often premature appearance 
of the menses. The hemorrhage into the skin and subcutaneous 
cellular tissue shows itself in the form of petechite and extensive 
ecchymoses. The hemorrhage from a simple leech bite or from 
cupping, can not be stopped."-Ziemssen. 
Blood.-"The blood is often profoundly affected, becoming 
very dark, losing its power of coagulation, and apparently suffer- 
ing also in its corpuscular elements ; for ecchymoses are almost uni- 
versal, and luematine crystals are occasionally found in the viscera. 
In the case of Concato, the white corpuscles were observed during 
life to be increased in number, and the red to be diminished in 
size and altered in form. The ecchymoses occur in all parts 
of the body, but are apt to be especially pronounced in the medi- 
astinum and the serous membranes. Schiff has found, that, in 
dogs, after death from Phosphorus, the blood does not pass into 
the veins, but remains in the arteries; and Dr. Mayer states, 
that, when very large doses of the poison have been tqken, the 
blood and even the urine may be phosphorescent."-II. o'r Wood. 
"Dr. W. Arnold, of Heidelberg, says: 'The changes occa- 
sioned by it in the blood, and through the blood in the whole 
organism, have been overlooked for a long time. In numerous PHOSPHORUS. 
695 
cases of poisoning by Phosphorus, the changes in the blood are 
too conspicuous to remain unnoticed any longer. The facts 
gained in this way were so often confirmed by numerous and oft- 
repeated experiments upon animals that now they are generally 
accepted. Almost all observers speaking upon this subject, de- 
scribe the blood as being dark, even black, and of a fluid consist- 
ence. As a rule, it is thin, flowing, more rarely of molasses-like, 
or of more thick flowing, appearance. In a coagulated state, 
it has been observed so rarely and exceptionally, and then only 
in a few single parts of the body, that we are justified in assum- 
ing that the coagulation can not be taken as an effect of the 
Phosphorus, but is dependent upon other conditions. Upon the 
whole, the blood is more fluid if Phosphorus does not kill quickly, 
but has a chance to effect changes in the blood in consequence of 
a more lasting action for several days. These changes, however, 
frequently set in very rapidly, if Phosphorus has been taken in 
the form of a solution, as, for instance, in butter, fatty oils, or 
Ether. 
'"The results of microscopic investigations of the blood offer 
important disclosures. Phosphorus occasions an important 
change in the blood-disks; their decrease in consistency and cir- 
cumference is very conspicuous. They become smaller, more 
extensive, and consequently can assume different forms; they 
change their form in many ways, especially in their passage 
through narrow vessels, and in their proportion to each other. 
One might say, almost, that Phosphorus acts as a dissolvent 
upon the blood-disks. This action touches the blood-cell mem- 
brane more than the nucleus. Greater luster, a less granular 
appearance, irregular and less distinctly defined outlines,-these 
are the most conspicuous changes of the blood-disks which can 
undoubtedly be ascribed to the direct action of Phosphorus. That 
these changes take place on account of immediate action, I have 
proved in this way: I let Phosphorus oil act upon the blood 
under the microscope, and thus I witnessed changes of the blood- 
disks, slighter in degree, it is true, yet entirely similar to those 
observed from the application of Phosphorus during life. In this 
way I was able to follow up the successive dissolution of the 
blood-disks. This dissolution was not as great as under the con- 
tinued action of the Phosphorus in the living organism, and, 
undoubtedly, for the reason that not so intimate and lasting a 
contact with the blood took place. 
'"Besides several other observers, Rummel testifies to a change 
of the blood, perceptible under the microscope. He could net 696 
PHOSPHORUS. 
find a single colored corpuscle, but only colorless disks, in the 
blood of a hen poisoned by Phosphorus ; and Voit made the same 
observation on a dog, into whose vena cruralis he had injected 
Phosphorus. According to Pummel, the destruction of blood- 
disks is the most essential phenomenon when Phosphorus has 
been introduced into the stomach, as well as when directly mixed 
with the blood by means of injections. The blood-disks separate 
into haematine and globuline. The former floats as a purple co- 
agulum in the plasma, or may, according to the conditions present, 
even be dissolved therein, while the form of the latter is still pre- 
served. Another observation of Rummel is very worthy of notice 
for the explanation of hemorrhages after Phosphorus-poisoning. 
If a rabbit, into whose vena cruralis Phosphorus oil had been in- 
jected, was held head downward, he soon saw red-colored plasma, 
which under the microscope was free from any blood-disks, flow 
from the nose. The blood in this dissolved state had pressed 
through the walls of the vessels. On opening a vessel, numerous 
well-preserved blood-disks could still be found. 
"'To judge from the hemorrhages and ecchymosis, so fre- 
quently, and, we may say, almost constantly, observed in Phos- 
phorus-poisoning, and from the often-confirmed curative action 
of small doses of Phosphorus in morbus maculosus, many hemor- 
rhagic changes in the blood must exist; and what are they ? This 
question is partly answered by the observations of Friedreich. 
He noticed in a young man afflicted with haematuria, on whose 
lower extremities oedema, petechia, in short, an exanthema of an 
exquisitely hemorrhagic character, had made their appearance, 
that the blood-disks passing with the urine were essentially 
changed. They were normal as to form and size only in small 
numbers, but frequently very abundantly formed. Many of them 
were oblong-oval and presented compressions as from ligatures, 
and so much so, as even to assume the shape of baker-rolls. 
With others, a division into two uneven halves seemed to be tak- 
ing place. Not a few had already separated themselves com- 
pletely and were divided; and this went on until finally blood- 
disks of the most minute form-molecular blood-disks, so to say 
-were formed. This process of division could not only be under- 
stood from the results of microscopic examinations, but could also 
be observed directly. The whole left the impression, as if the 
blood-disks consisted in a semi-solid, almost oil-like substance, 
without any external membrane. Even in a case of sarcoma of 
the kidneys, Friedreich has repeatedly seen the above-described 
division of the red blood-disks into molecular forms. The red- PHOSPHORUS. 
697 
blood-disks of anaemic, hydrsemic, leucaemic, marasmic and stru- 
mous individuals drawn by Daman, completely resemble a number 
of the forms presented by Friedreich.' 
"This striking resemblance in the change of the blood, and 
especially of the blood-disks, after poisoning with Phosphorus, 
shows us why it is of such wonderful efficacy in the cure of hemor- 
rhages."-Therapeutics of Tuberculosis, by W. H. Burt. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Through the vegetative nervous 
system, Phosphorus has a powerful action upon the cerebro- 
spinal system. Dr. R. Hughes says: 
"Before, however, we dwell upon the phenomena, let us speak 
of the stimulant properties of Phosphorus. This substance is 
one of those which enter into the normal composition of the body. 
It exists mainly in the nervous centers, in the form of a peculiar 
compound with fatty matter which has been named 'protagon;' 
just as Iron is united with hsematin in the blood. It actually 
forms more than one per cent of the human brain, the amount 
gradually increasing from infancy to adult age, and then again 
decreasing in old age. Now, the analogy of Iron to Lime sug- 
gests, that, up to a certain point, Phosphorus may be a special 
stimulant to the tissue it goes to constitute, and, the stimulation 
being in some sort that of a food, it need not be followed by reac- 
tive depression. 
"That Phosphorus has such an action on the nervous system- 
as Iron on the blood and (probably) Lime on the bones-is be- 
yond doubt. 'About the second hour,' writes Mr. Thompson, 
'after a dose of the twentieth or the twelfth of a grain, sen- 
sations of exhilaration begin to make themselves felt. The ca- 
pacity for exertion, both mental and physical, is increased, and 
that condition which the French describe as one of bien-etre is ex- 
perienced. If the subject has taken the dose while in the state 
of fatigue, he finds his strength renewed; if while in a state of 
despondency, he takes a more cheerful view of things. The pulse 
becomes firmer and a little more frequent. These effects pass off 
gradually in the course of a few hours, and a state of depression 
does not ensue.' With this, there is often increase of temperature, 
perspiration and diuresis, and sometimes venereal excitement. 
"It is this action of Phosphorus which made it available, given 
in full and frequent doses, in typhoid depression, and often rallied 
a patient from an apparently hopeless condition. It is a property 
of the drug which we may well employ, understanding clearly 
what it is,-that we are giving it as we give alcoholic stimulants, 698 
PHOSPHORUS. 
and not as a medicine. After the same fashion it may be used, if 
it is needed, instead of a glass of wine, for temporary exhaustion ; 
remembering, however, that rest and food-if there is time for 
them-are far better remedies. But there is another application 
of the stimulant power of Phosphorus, which has of late attracted 
much attention; viz., the relief and even cure of neuralgia ob- 
tained therefrom. Phosphorus causes and cures, in minute 
doses, its own form of neuralgia; but this is rarely met with in 
comparison with that which requires Arsenicum, Belladonna, 
Colocynth, and Sulphur. The drug has hence occupied no prom- 
inent place in Homoeopathic therapeutics as an anti-neuralgic 
remedy; but we have known how to use it when required. A cure 
of the intercostal form, wrought by one of us with it after long- 
continued unsuccessful treatment by an old-school practitioner, 
called the attention of the latter to the remedy; and he and others 
tested it in various instances of the affection, and reported favor- 
ably of their results. It is here that Mr. Ashburton Thompson 
came upon the field. He treated some fifty cases with the medi- 
cine, with a success which leads him to regard it as an almost in- 
fallible remedy for pure neuralgia, wherever occurring, and as 
rapid in its action as it is lasting. But to obtain such result, he 
says, the medicine must be given in a full, i. e., stimulant dose, 
not less, indeed, than a twelfth of a grain every four hours. 
Thus, its modus operand! seems to be that of food and wine, 
whose influence over neuralgic pain is so well known; only that 
its relation to nervous tissue gives it stimulant and perhaps nu- 
trient qualities of a special kind. I think that medicine is much 
indebted to Mr. Thompson for working out this subject, as well as 
for his valuable contributions to the pharmacy and posology of 
the drug. We have, in most cases, remedies for neuralgia of a 
more satisfactory kind; but, were we at a non plus, we might do 
worse than follow his practice. 
"But it is with Phosphorus as a neurotic as with Iron as 
an haematic ; if too long continued, or taken in excess, it acts as a 
poison to the very tissues which it stimulates and feeds. Iron 
can in this way impoverish the blood, causing anaemia; and 
Phosphorus still more surely impairs the vitality of the nervous 
centers, and gives rise to paralysis. Even in acute poisoning, 
there are often symptoms of nervous depression, as in the third 
case of Dr. Holcombe's series; and, among those given by Dr. 
Hempel, in one there was numbness of the extremities, with for- 
mication-the fingers having so little sensibility that they could 
not pick up a pin, and in another there was amaurosis with widely PHOSPHORUS. 
699 
dilated pupils, and deafness. In an excellent study of 'Phos- 
phoric Paralysis ' by Dr. Gallavardin, of Lyons, translated from 
L'Art Medicale, in the twentieth volume of the British Journal 
of Homoeopathy, two cases are given, in one of which the left arm, 
in the other the hands, became powerless. But the most striking 
instance of the kind presented by him is one in which, life being 
prolonged, there was progressive paralysis. It is cited from 
Hu ss' 'Chronic Alcoholism,' as follows: 
"A man, set. 39, who led an ordinary kind of life, occupied 
himself for three years in the preparation of Phosphoric matches. 
He used to work in the room where he lived, and there he 
kept the materials and product of his trade. He had suffered 
no inconvenience from it until a year ago, when a great quantity 
of Phosphorus and phosphorated matches took fire, after a vio- 
lent explosion. At the time, while trying to extinguish the 
conflagration, he so thoroughly respired the vapor of Phosphorus, 
that at last he fainted from suffocation. Immediately after this, 
he experienced a sensation of weakness in the back, as if he were 
ready to sink; then weakness in the extremities, and trembling at 
every effort; creeping under the skin, and a sensation as if some- 
thing were starting under the epidermis. At first, there was great 
sexual excitement, which afterward diminished, and for the last 
six months gave place to impotence, with absolute impossibility 
of erection.' 
"Independent of that, he found himself well, with good appetite, 
regular evacuations, good health, normal respiration. Nothing 
indicated any affection of the brain. On his admission to the 
hospital, the following symptoms were remarked: His two legs 
were so weak he could only walk a few steps, and even then with 
a tottering gait, and as if he were not sure of himself; if he tried to 
stand upright, his legs trembled and his knees bent; his hands 
and arms trembled on making an effort. In the state of repose, 
the muscles started out all over the body, especially in the ex- 
tremities. They seemed to he twitching to and fro, though pain- 
lessly; different muscles or bundles of muscles twitched at different 
periods. At times, the twitching stopped; but it was easily excited 
by contact. On the left arm, a constant feeling of formication 
under the skin; normal sensation over the general surface of the 
body. The spine not sensitive, nor painful, but so weak that the 
patient can not straighten himself, nor remain standing when 
once straightened. The faculties, both intellectual and moral, 
the functions of the heart, of the chest, and of the digestive or- 
gans, normal; but the pronunciation embarrassed (paralysis of 700 
PHOSPHORUS. 
the tongue?). The patient lived three or four years in the full 
enjoyment of his senses, while the paralysis increased and ex- 
tended ; but all the attempts at treatment were unavailing.' 
"Dr. Grallavardin also mentions the experiments on animals 
of Mayer. The conclusions of this observer are: 'Phosphorus 
acts specifically on the nerves of voluntary motion, and on the 
muscles themselves. It impedes, diminishes, and at last entirely 
destroys, the power of movement; or, rather, it destroys the irri- 
tability of the motor nerves and the contractility of the muscular 
fibers, and at last completely paralyzes the powers.' He adds, 
that it also 'acts specifically on the nerves of sensation, destroy- 
ing sensibility from the periphery to the brain, the sensorium 
being in a small degree disturbed.' 
"To all this corresponds the condition of the nervous centers 
commonly found in animals poisoned by it, as you may read in 
Sorge's treatise. This is nearly always described as 'pale, soft, 
and bloodless.' 
"It follows that Phosphorus is truly homoeopathic to paralytic 
conditions, when dependent on lowered vitality or even softening 
of the centers, and should be a valuable remedy therein. Dr. 
Gallavardin cites thirteen cases of the kind, and Dr. Trinks one. 
They were nearly all of a functional nature,-from amenorrhoea, 
seminal losses, exhaustion from acute disease, and such like 
causes. In one case, the loss of power involved only the third, 
in another only the sixth, pair of cranial nerves. In softening of 
the brain from exhaustion, Phosphorus is acquiring quite a repu- 
tation in the old school; but it has long been in use for it in our 
school. The muscular symptoms of the case I have narrated, 
suggest the 'fibrillary contractions' of 'wasting palsy,' the 'pro- 
gressive muscular paralysis' (Duchenne). With Phosphorus, in- 
deed, we should not expect wasting of the muscles, but simply 
their fatty degeneration; and a form of the disease has been 
described by Duchenne, which he calls 'pseudo-hypertrophic 
paralysis,' in which this very condition obtains." 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Phosphorus has a special and pro- 
found action upon the sexual organs of both sexes. "The sexual 
organs share in the general excitement caused by moderate doses 
of Phosphorus; but they manifest its influence in so marked a 
manner as to evidence a special action of the drug upon them, or 
upon that part of the nervous center whence they derive their 
energy. That Phosphorus is an aphrodisiac, has been known for 
a long time. It has displayed this property in a most unmistak- PHOSPHORUS. 
701 
able manner among the lower animals. Leroy (quoted by Pereira) 
ascertained that it was aphrodisiac to drakes. In Dr. Sorge's ex- 
periments, cocks, pigeons, dogs, and frogs were affected in the 
same way; the latter got those large growths on their forefeet 
that appear during their pairing season, and used them accord- 
ingly. But the same prover's experiments on the human subject 
show that this excitement is but temporary, and is followed by a 
much longer continued depression, as we see in Dr. Gallavardin's 
case just cited, showing itself in absence of desire, imperfect erec- 
tions, with too rapid ejaculatio seminis, and frequent involuntary 
emissions. 
"Phosphorus is thus a thoroughly Homoeopathic remedy for 
that irritable weakness of the male sexual organs which is left be- 
hind by excesses in venery and by masturbation. Experience 
has over and over again confirmed the indication of theory in this 
matter. Phosphorus would also (in very small doses) be Homoeo- 
pathic to satyriasis, which corresponds to its primary effects; for 
this, Jahr recommends it from experience. Might it not also be 
desirable to use it occasionally as a special stimulant, in full 
doses, as in impotentia senilis, when offspring is much desired ? 
The following observation from Dr. Sorge's collection, shows that 
great caution must be exercised here : 'An old dog that had long 
lost his sexual power, after taking Phosphorus rat-poison that 
was given to kill him, became sexually excited, and died in the act 
of coition.' "-Hughes. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Large doses of Phosphorus pro- 
duce, in many women, a bloody, pseudo-menstrual discharge, 
and, if taken during pregnancy, it almost invariably produces 
abortion or miscarriage. Menstruation is too early and too 
scanty. Where sinuses have been left in the mamma after exten- 
sive suppuration, followed by chronic mastitis, Phosphorus has 
been found of great value. 
Bones.-Phosphorus has a specific and most wonderful action 
upon the lower jaw and teeth, producing complete necrosis of the 
parts. "This develops in from six months to many years after 
the workman has commenced the dangerous employment; occa- 
sionally the first symptoms are not observed until after the 
patient has ceased working with Phosphorus. The disease occurs 
in the lower j aw most frequently and most severely; in the upper 
jaw rarefy and in a milder form. 
"Yet the most extensive necrosis of the upper jaw has been 
observed; even cases are known in which the disease has ex- 702 
PHOSPHORUS. 
tended to the cranial bones, and death from meningitis followed. 
"The disease almost always begins in carious teeth or gaps 
between the teeth, and almost never exists in persons with sound 
teeth. It develops into, and runs the course of, a chronic perios- 
titis, and leads to extensive necrosis of the lower jaw. In the 
milder cases, the disease is limited to the alveolar process; then, 
after the spontaneous expulsion or the extraction of the necrosed 
portions, recovery takes place. In the severe cases, necrosis of 
the greater part or the whole of the jaw results, yet recovery may 
ensue even in these cases. The occurrence of abundant oste- 
ophyte formations on the affected bones has long been recognized 
as the anatomical peculiarity of the disease. 
"Wegener showed that it is easy to produce in animals the 
peculiar periostitis of the lower jaw, which leads to necrosis, by 
exposing them for several weeks to the action of Phosphorus 
vapor. This evidently acts as a local irritant upon the perios- 
teum, acting more readily in those'where opportunity is given for 
the attack of the vapor by decayed or previously wounded teeth. 
"Wegener showed also, that Phosphorus, taken in the form of 
vapor, by inhalation, or internally in the smallest doses, acts 'as 
a specific formative excitant to the osteogenetic tissue,' and, under 
otherwise normal conditions, leads to a considerably increased 
development of the compact tissue in the long bones. These 
results are shown most plainly in young animals while still grow- 
ing. In them, it happens that not rarely all of the spongy tissue 
is crowded out and its place filled with compact tissue. Wegener 
has succeeded in producing in hens a complete closure of the 
medullary cavity by compact bone tissue. Phosphorus, in 
minute doses, in all probability, is dissolved in the blood, and, 
circulating with it, operates on the osteogenetic tissue as a spe- 
cific plastic irritant. Brought topically, in the form of vapor, 
into contact with denuded periosteum, in moderate concentration, 
it provokes ossifying periostitis; while, if the fumes operate very 
energetically, the irritation becomes so intense that suppuration 
is added to the ossificatory process."-Ziemssen. 
"The natural application of this power of Phosphorus would 
be to further bone-production in cases where it was defective, as 
in osteo-malacia and rachitis, or where it was needed in temporary 
excess, as in fractures, intra-periosteal resections, and trans- 
plantations of this membrane. In the latter field, Dr. Wegener 
has no doubt of its beneficial operation; and, within certain lim- 
its, the process is a physiological one. In osteo-malacia and 
rachitis, he can report no decided results; and, indeed, in both PHOSPHORUS. 
703 
the condition is too complex for help to be expected from simple 
increase in osteogenetic activity. He makes a remark, however, 
regarding the latter disease, which is very suggestive to us : 'Un- 
der the simultaneous influence,' he says, 'of feeding with Phos- 
phorus, and of the deprivation of the inorganic substances, espe- 
cially of Lime, the mode of growth of bones is altered so as exactly 
to correspond to what we are accustomed to call rachitis.' He 
then describes the result of such an experiment, ending: 'The con- 
ditions under which this artificial rachitis arises are a not unwel- 
come confirmation of the theory which an exact observation of 
the process has already set up; viz., that rachitis is conditioned 
by two factors; first, an insufficient quantity of inorganic salts in 
the blood, either from insufficient ingestion of the same, or from 
their excessive elimination; secondly, a constitutional irritation 
influencing the osteogenetic tissue.' For us, of course, the infer- 
ence is that we should use Phosphorus as a medicinal agent here ; 
and, indeed, Phosphoric acid already holds a high place in the 
Homoeopathic therapeutics of the disease. Other applications in 
this direction of the osseous influence of Phosphorus are obvious. 
Kafka reports it to be a most efficacious medicine, in conjunc- 
tion with Natrum muriaticum, in interstitial disease of the verte- 
brae and of the cancellous structure of bones in general. I was 
myself led to its use in cases where the irritation of a carious 
tooth was causing frequent gum boils, and incipient disease of 
the maxilla, and where for some reason or other we were debarred 
from extraction of the offending member. Here I found it most 
efficacious. Dr. Bayes, also, praises it highly in many affections 
of the teeth and gums. I may mention that gingivitis, with 
looseness of the teeth, has been observed, not only in acute poi- 
soning by Phosphorus, where it might be secondary to blood- 
changes, but from its medicinal use."-Dr. R. Hughes. 
Lungs.-Upon the respiratory organs, Phosphorus has a 
special action. "On the respiratory organs, Phosphorus acts as 
a pure irritant. I would not lay too much stress on the bron- 
chitis, emphysema, pneumonia, and pulmonary phthisis observed 
in workmen and rabbits exposed to its fumes, as these may be 
but local effects. They are accompanied, however, with the 
weakness, emaciation, and hectic, which characterize the gastro- 
intestinal effects of the drug. But Magendie and others have 
found hepatization of the lungs in animals poisoned by it, and 
the provers experienced decided symptoms of laryngo-tracheal 
and bronchial irritation, and of pulmonary congestion. 704 
PHOSPHORUS. 
"Phosphorus occupies a high place in the Homoeopathic ther- 
apeutics of respiratory affections; and pneumonia is the disease 
in which it has won its spurs. First introduced by Dr. Fleisch- 
mann of Vienna, his great success with it has led to its general 
use throughout the Homoeopathic body. Dr. Cl. Muller and Dr. 
Baehr have given indications for the preference of Phosphorus to 
Tartar emetic in this disease. They concur in recommending it 
especially when pneumonia threatens to deviate from its normal 
course, and when 'nervous' (i. e., typhoid) symptoms appear. 
Dr. Baehr thinks it also the prime remedy in oedema pulmonum. 
I am myself disposed to prefer it to any other medicine in all the 
stages of pneumonia simplex, and in the pneumonia of typhus. 
Bryonia is probably superior in pleuro-pneumonia; and in bron- 
cho-pneumonia, Tartar emetic contends with it for precedence; 
though, in this malady occurring in children, Phosphorus has 
always given me the utmost satisfaction. In fact, in these sub- 
jects, bronchitis is so apt to run on to pneumonia, that I always 
employ Phosphprus, after Aconite, in its treatment, in preference 
to any other bronchial medicine."-Dr. II. Hughes. 
Action.-"What is the rationale? I would answer in the first 
place, that the fundamental lesion is an acute fatty degeneration, 
which Phosphorus has the power of causing in every part of the 
body susceptible thereof. In the second place, I would refer the 
neurotic and haematic phenomena to the suspension of the func- 
tions of the liver and kidneys, owing to the metamorphosis of 
their secreting cells. I attach most importance to the affection 
of the liver. Although the cerebral symptoms resemble those of 
uraemia so far that they suggest the retention of a similarly hurt- 
ful excretion in the blood, they could hardly be mistaken for them. 
Combined with the petechiae and hemorrhages, they present a 
morbid condition only present elsewhere in what Frerichs calls 
'acholia,' i. e., a suspension of the functions of the liver, owing 
to a destruction of its secreting cells. The most prominent in- 
stance of this lesion is acute atrophy of the liver; but it also 
occurs occasionally in the course of cirrhosis, obstructive jaun- 
dice, and other chronic hepatic affections. The symptoms are 
those of blood-poisoning, to which the nervous phenomena are 
probably secondary. I do not want to wander too far into 
pathology, but I must call your attention to the very interesting 
speculations on the subject of Dr. Austin Flint, of New York. 
His theory is that cholesterine is the excrementitious material of 
the bile as urea is of the urine, and that the blood-poisoning of 
acholia is accordingly a cholesteraemia."-Dr. R. Hughes. PHOSPHORUS. 
705 
"W. Dybkowsky renders probable the theory of Schuchardt, 
that the Phosphorus, to some extent in the alimentary canal, but 
much more largely in the veins, is converted into Phosphureted 
hydrogen, and that some of this compound and some of the 
Phosphorus itself is oxidized in the venous blood, so that Phos- 
phoric acid, besides Phosphorus and Phosphureted hydrogen, is 
emptied into the arterial blood; further, that the last two com- 
pounds are oxidized at the expense of the arterial blood and the 
tissues it feeds, and that the poisoning is due to this deprivation 
of oxygen."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
General Indications.-Tall, slender people, with fair skin, 
sanguine temperament, sensitive disposition, quick and lively 
perceptions. It is especially suited to fevers where death seems 
inevitable in consequence of the deep seated injury inflicted upon 
the vital forces; and to acute, sub-acute, and chronic diseases of 
the brain, jaws, teeth, lungs, stomach, intestines, liver, kidneys, 
sexual organs, and blood. 
Sensation of weakness and emptiness in the abdomen; this 
distresses and aggravates all the other symptoms; and it is the 
ruling key for the use of Phosphorus, and probably depends on 
portal congestion; a step further is shown by jaundice from fatty 
degeneration of the liver. 
Mind.-Sadness and anxiety, regularly recurring at twilight, 
from nervous exhaustion. 
"Mental depression, and a most uncommon fearfulness or 
timidity, with a great sense of fatigue."-TP. II. Holcombe, M. D. 
"Great apathy, answers slowly; moves sluggishly."-Mueller. 
"Weary of life ; melancholy, full of gloomy forebodings."-Hah. 
Sadness, depression, with forebodings of calamity; the melan- 
choly is relieved by weeping; from nervous exhaustion of the 
cerebro-spinal system, caused by sexual excesses. 
Stupor; low, muttering delirium, grasping at flocks (typhoid). 
"Lay most of the time in a stupor, from which he could be 
roused, however, for an instant, only to lapse back into a low, 
muttering lethargy."-Morse. [Low typhoids.] 
"The head is dizzy, heavy, and painful, as if he had been lying 
at night with the head too low."-Hah. 
"Could not study or keep his mind on any particular subject 
long at a time."-Dr. H. N. Martin. [From excessive venery.] 706 
PHOSPHORUS. 
Irritable and nervous; believes he will die; from sexual excess. 
Head.-"Vertigo in the morning, constantly increasing, like a 
heavy pressing downward of the forehead."-Hah. 
"Vertigo; he was obliged to lie down for several days; because, 
on making an effort to rise, the vertigo returned."-Dr. Goullon. 
"Vertigo; staggers while walking; after rising from bed, or 
from seat; worse mornings."-Hah. [From softening of brain.] 
"Great weakness of the head so that she could not endure any 
sound of the piano."-Hah. [From sexual exhaustion.] 
"Vertigo with great rush of blood to the head."-Hah. 
"Very heavy, dull feeling in the head, after eating, with vertigo, 
obliging him to lie down."-Hah. [From indigestion.] 
Sense of exhaustion and bewilderment in the brain, with ver- 
tigo and disposition to fall down; better in cool air. 
"Hemicrania; the forehead or occiput is swollen; touching 
the swollen part causes the most excruciating pain."-r-77#. 
Clairvoyance; laughing against the will; very sleepy during 
menstruation, and after eating (from indigestion). 
"Fearfulness, as if something were creeping out at every 
corner."-G. 
"The pains of the head are of great variety, and affect equally 
all parts of the head, but seem to affect the surface of the brain 
or the bones of the skull the most."-D. 
"The headache generally occurs in the evening; sometimes on 
waking in the morning; aggravated by warmth and excitement; 
relieved by repose, cold, and open air."-D. 
Shocks in the occiput, or all parts of the head; epilepsy. 
"Softening of the brain, with persistent headache, slow answer- 
ing questions, vertigo, feet drag, formication, numbness in the 
limbs."-Hg. [From sexual exhaustion.] 
"Scaly, bald spots on the head."-Hg. [Loss of hair.] 
"Dandruff copious, falls out in clouds ; roots of hair get gray, 
and hair comes out in bunches."-77#. 
Ears.-Difficulty of hearing, especially of the human voice ; 
sounds re-echo in the ears; inflammation of the internal ear. 
"Roaring in the ears" (Deitz), from congestion of the head. 
Eyes.-"Its great sphere of action is found in diseases of the 
fundus, especially in disturbance of the function of the optic 
nerve, though its action upon the muscles of the eye can not 
be ignored."-A. and N. 
"Paralysis of the muscles, particularly if accompanied by sper- 
matorrhcea or sexual abuse."-A. and N. PHOSPHORUS. 
707 
In both hyperfemia and inflammation of the retina; the balls 
sore on motion, with photopsies or chromatopsies ; and rapidly in- 
creasing myopia; fatty degeneration. 
"Mistiness before the vision; vanishing of sight; eyes very 
weak, seem large, and difficult to get lids over them."-A. and N. 
In amaurosis consequent upon sexual excess, Phosphorus has 
made many brilliant cures, especially if associated with fatty liver. 
"Black floating points before the eyes."-Hah. 
"A green halo about the candlelight, in the evening."-Hah. 
"He sees more distinctly in the morning, in twilight than dur- 
ing the day, or by shading the eyes with the hand."-Hah. 
Distant objects appear to be covered with a mist; chromatopsia. 
Yellow jaundice of the conjunctiva ; in fatty liver. 
Cataract. Phosphorus has arrested its progress in w'ell-marked 
cases. 
"For cataract, Phosphorus oil is rubbed upon the forehead 
and dropped into the eye; and the induration of the lens, or 
its capsule, is softened or absorbed."-Dr. Tarignol. 
Nose.-"Swelling of the nose, painful to touch."-Hah. 
"Soreness of the Schneiderian and mucous membranes, with 
bloody scabs on the margin of the nostrils."-G. Mueller. 
"Ulcerated nostrils, with swollen nasal bones."-Hah. 
"Nose swollen, dry, can not draw air though it."-Lilienthal. 
"Internal inflammation of the nose; dry sensation, and slow 
bleeding of the nose."-Hah. [Chronic nasal catarrh.] 
Profuse and long-lasting nosebleed. 
Polypus of the nose ; bleeding easily; fatty arteries. 
Frequent sneezing, with dry nasal coryza; chronic catarrh. 
Headache with over-sensitive smell, especially in females. 
Face.-Face pale, sickly and sunken; lids cedematous. 
"Face sunken, earthy; eyes sunken, surrounded by deep blue 
rings."-Hah. 
Icteric color of the face, with much prostration. 
Face pale, swollen, and cedematous, with great weakness. 
Lips parched, face swollen and cedematous. 
Yellow, icteric color of the face, from fatty liver. 
"Neuralgia of head, it has to be wrapped up night and day."-G. 
"Prosopalgia, aggravated by opening the mouth, especially if 
there is congestion of blood to the head."-Jahr. 
"Shooting pains from left eye to vertex."-H. V. Miller. 
Necrosis of the lower jaw, rarely of the upper, but does pro- 
duce it on both, with great swelling, and cedema. 708 
PHOSPHORUS. 
Mouth.-Bleeding and inflammation of the gums. 
Tongue swollen, dry and black ; or dry and red; or brown, and 
dry in the middle; yellow or white. (Septic fevers.) 
Dryness of the mouth; or bloody erosions of the lips. 
Very difficult deglutition, with slow speech. 
Gums bleed easily; separated from the teeth and very sensitive. 
Bitter or sour taste, from chronic dyspepsia. 
Throat.-Dryness of the throat day and night. 
"Roughness of the throat, worse evenings."-Hah. 
"Dryness of the pharynx and fauces."-Hah. 
"Cures the longing of inebriates for alcohol, by removing the 
irritation of stomach which causes morbid appetite."-Lilienthal. 
Stomach.-Thirst, mouth dry, with great tympanitis of the 
stomach; gastric and bilious fevers. 
"The food rises back again into the mouth after having been 
scarcely introduced into the stomach."-Hah. 
"Gastric neurosis, with dry, hard, beaded stool, every three or 
four days."-Dr. F. Percussel. [Gastro-enteritis.] 
"Ravenous hunger at night, or complete loss of appetite."- 
Hah. 
"Great longing for acids and spicy things."-Dr. Holcombe. 
Excessive and unquenchable thirst, in gastric fever. 
"Frequent or violent eructations, tasting of the food."-Hah. 
"Frequent empty eructations, or ineffectual eructations. 
"Nausea, which soon disappears after taking water."-Sorge. 
"Frequent nausea and vomiting of everything that he ate."- 
Lilienthal. 
"As soon as the water becomes warm in the stomach it is 
thrown up."-Hg. 
Vomiting of food and mucus mixed with bile and blood. 
"Vomiting of dark filamentous substances, consisting of blood 
mingled with bile and mucus."-Dr. Gallard. [Yellow fever.) 
"Vomiting of dark acid matter, always mixed with some blood; 
haematemesis for seven days."-Dr. Richardson. 
Violent bilious vomiting, in yellow and bilious fevers. 
"Epigastric region greatly distended and painful; it is full 
unto bursting."-Hah. [In low septic fevers.) 
"Violent pain in the stomach, gradually spreading over the 
whole abdomen, with vomiting first of green, afterward of black- 
ish substances."-Dr. LeRoy. [Yellow fever.) 
"Epigastrium became exceedingly painful to pressure, with 
enlargement of the liver."-Dr. Schultz. PHOSPHORUS. 
709 
"Pressure as from a hard substance, above the pit of the 
stomach, with coldness."-G. [Chronic dyspepsia.] 
"Pressure in the stomach after eating as if a heavy weight 
were in it."-Hartlaub. [Chronic indigestion.] 
"Sensitiveness to pressure in the region of the pylorus."-Dr. 
Karagan. 
Oppression and burning in epigastrium, with spasmodic gnaw- 
ing pains in the stomach, with intermittent pulse. 
Goneness in the region of the stomach; portal congestion. 
"Is not able to drink water, even the sight of it causes nausea 
and vomiting; must close her eyes when bathing."-Mary Howell. 
"Is hungry during the headache, which comes on once a week 
about noon, affecting eye and occiput."-H. V. Miller. 
Drawing pain in the stomach, extending into the chest, with 
oppression of breathing, and palpitation of the heart; the pulse 
intermitting every few beats; chronic dyspepsia. (Excellent.) 
In dyspepsia, where there is excessive flatulency, with fre- 
quent palpitation and intermittent pulse, accompanied with much 
despondency, I have seen grand results from Phosphorus. 
Abdomen.-The ruling key here, and one that aggravates 
most all the other symptoms, is a sensation of great weakness and 
emptiness in the abdomen. 
"Sharp cutting pains in the bowels, sometimes with sour vom- 
iting."-G. [Accompanied with excessive flatulence.] 
"Belching large quantities of wind after eating."-G. 
Excessive accumulation of flatulence in the abdomen. 
"Incarceration of flatus beneath the ribs, with oppression of 
the chest and loud rumbling in the abdomen."-Hah. 
"Emptiness and feeling of weakness in the abdomen."-Hah. 
Liver indurated and very much enlarged, with icterus. 
Fatty degeneration of the liver, with malignant jaundice, and a 
weak, gone sensation in the abdomen, with stitches in the liver, 
and petechife ; great debility. 
"Jaundice; it has been found capable of setting up the catar- 
rhal inflammation of the bile ducts which is so frequently the 
cause of this disorder. In jaundice from nervous excitement, 
moreover, it may be the best medicine to give; as this is every 
now and then (especially in pregnant women) the beginning of 
acute atrophy of the liver."-Hughes. 
Stool.-"Stools are long, narrow, hard, and very difficult to 
expel."-G. [Chronic indigestion.] 710 
PHOSPHORUS. 
"Constipation; the faeces being slender, long, narrow, dry, 
tough, and hard like a dog's, voided with great difficulty."-Hg. 
"Profuse (exhausting) watery diarrhoea, pouring away as if 
from a hydrant."-Raue. [Asiatic cholera.] 
"Chronic painless diarrhoea of undigested food, with much 
thirst for water during the night."-R. Hughes. 
Watery diarrhoea in the morning; grains like tallow in the 
rice-water evacuations, always worse in warm weather. 
"Green and bloody passages; the anus remaining wide open." 
-Dr. W. H. Holcombe. [The gaping of the anus in dysentery 
and diarrhoea is very characteristic of Phosphorus.] 
Mucous stools, the anus remaining wide open. 
"Diarrhoea; stools involuntary; gray or whitish gray; bloody; 
green; watery, with flakes of mucus and clots of blood; watery, 
with whitish yellow and cheesy masses, copious like water from a 
hydrant."-Hah. [Very exhausting.] 
Involuntary stools when coughing, or during low fevers. 
Stools of pure blood, or blood and mucus; involuntary. 
The moment anything enters the rectum, it produces invol- 
untary stools. 
"Hot, involuntary stools ; discharged with force ; worse morn- 
ings, from lying on the left side, and warm food; relieved by cold 
food, ice-cream, and after sleep."-J. B. Bell. 
"Violent burning in anus and rectum, with great exhaustion 
after stool."- Hah. [Stools copious and watery.] 
"Needle-like stitches in the rectum, when not at stool."-Hah. 
Haemorrhoids protrude largely, are very painful, burn like fire 
from inflammation, and bleed profusely. 
Urinary Organs.-Thick, turbid, and scanty urine. 
"Urine filled with albumen and exudation-cells."-Hempel. 
"Haematuria, discharge of blood from the bladder."-Goullon. 
Phosphorus has made many brilliant cures of haematuria, 
with much pain in the renal region, especially after sexual excess. 
"Urine bloody and largely albuminous."-HirscAcZ. 
Urine turbid and very high colored; fatty kidney. 
"The urine deposits a white, cloudy sediment."-Hah. 
"Urine brown, with red, sandy sediment."-Hah. 
"Albumen and exudation cells in urine, morbus Brightii."-Hg. 
"Profuse, pale, watery; frequent; scanty; turbid; whitish like 
curdled milk, with brick-dust sediment."-Hg. 
"Glycosuria, with phthisis."-Hg. PHOSPHORUS. 
711 
"Twitching and burning in the urethra, with frequent desire to 
urinate."-Hg. 
"Burning in the urethra, with desire to urinate."-Hah. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Nocturnal emissions without dreams. 
Irresistible desire for sexual intercourse in both sexes. 
"Impotence from sexual abuse."-Hempel. [Atrophy.] 
Discharge of prostatic juice during hard stool. 
Sexual abuse, producing dorsal consumption, trembling, im- 
becility, mania ; epileptic fits, and impaired digestion. 
Sexual mania, lascivious, strips himself naked ; constantly tor- 
mented for coitus ; followed by complete impotence. 
Seminal emissions nearly every night, with great prostration, 
and burning, aching distress in the lumbar region; paralysis. 
Sexual Oi 'gans, Female.-Menses too early and too scanty, 
from two to eight days. 
"Hemorrhages from the genital organs; hyperaemia of the 
sexual organs; the parietes of the vessels are lowered in their 
power of resistance by the fatty metamorphosis, and the hemor- 
rhages become more severe, often so severe that general anaemia 
is a consequence."-Wegener. [With chronic indigestion.] 
"Menses pale, violent colic, nausea and diarrhoea."-Breyton 
"Acrid leucorrhoea, causing soreness of the vulva."-Hah. 
"Amenorrhoea, with blood-spitting, or hemorrhage from nose, 
anus, or urethra."-Hah. [In greatly emaciated people.] 
"Frequent and profuse metrorrhagia, pouring out freely, antf 
then ceasing for a short time; cancer uteri."-Hg. 
"Sterility from excessive voluptuousness; late and profuse 
menses."-Hg. 
"Stitches upward from vagina, into pelvis."-Hg. 
Aversion to coition, with sterility; weak, emaciated people. 
"Ulceration of the mammae, with hardness ; red spots or streaks ; 
fistulous openings, with burning, stinging, and watery, offensive 
discharge."-Hg. 
"Cancer of mammae; sharp lancinating pains ; bleeding easily." 
-I/?. 
Respiratory Organs.-Great rawness in the larynx, with fre- 
quent dry, hacking cough ; bronchitis. 
Rough, husky, hoarse voice; aphonia, unable to speak loud. 
"Hoarseness, with a rough voice for several days; answers 
questions with great difficulty."-Hah. 
Irritability of the lower portion of the trachea, with suffoca- 
tive pressure in the lower part of the chest. 712 
PHOSPHORUS. 
Feeling of suffocation after waking at night. 
"Fluent coryza, with cough which is worse before midnight, 
with hoarseness, soreness and burning in the chest."-Hg. 
Hoarseness with loss of voice, worse in the evening; can not 
talk on account of pain in the larynx. 
Nostrils filled with green mucus. 
Tightness across the chest, with a dry, tight cough; in pneu- 
monia, rusty sputa, or first stages of phthisis. 
Acute pain in the lower part of the left lung; greatly aggra- 
vated by lying on the left side. 
"Sensation as if cotton was in the throat, with dryness of the 
throat day and night."-Dr. A. K. Hills. 
"Dry, tickling cough in the evening, with tightness across the 
chest; expectoration in the morning."-Hg. 
"Cough worse coming from a warm room into cold air."-Hg, 
Capillary bronchitis ; severe, hard, dry, exhausting cough, worse 
in the evening. 
Tearing, irritating cough, with expectoration of mucus, pus, 
and blood. 
Pneumonia, with sanguineous infiltration of the parenchyma, 
and red hepatization ; face livid; brick-dust expectoration. 
"Sputa of a dirty appearance, resembling pus, but thinner, and, 
when falling on a hard surface, will break and fly like thin bat- 
ter."-Dr. C. Pearson. 
"Especially when there is sensitiveness and dryness of the 
larynx, with a feeling as if it was lined with fur, and inability to 
utter a word, every effort to do so being painful; nervous exhaus- 
tion ; suspected atrophy of the nerve tissue."-Wm. H. Holcombe. 
Pneumonia. Phosphorus occupies a high place in the treat- 
ment of this disease, especially if it take on a typhoid form. 
"Violent pneumonia with sticking pains in the chest, excited 
or aggravated by coughing or breathing; also in pleuro-pneumo- 
nia, when they are violent, and extend over a large surface, with 
dyspnoea, dry cough, and the sputa rust colored. "-Dr. T. Nichol. 
"Pulmonary phthisis. It is of great service in many ways in 
this disease. It keeps down the hypenemia of the lungs, quiets 
the cough, and often moderates the diarrhoea. It may thus be 
actually curative in severe scrofulous pneumonia. I am, however, 
unable to credit it with any power of modifying the true tubercu- 
lar dyscrasia."-Hughes. 
"In pneumonia, it always remains our sheet-anchor; and it 
prevents, in croup, paralysis and narcosis through the carbonized 
blood."-Dr. Hirschel PHOSPHORUS. 
713 
"Cough, with difficult respiration, and violent bronchitis; soft 
pulse; great prostration, and emaciation."-Dr. S. J. Lorinser. 
"Haemoptysis, expectoration of blood and mucus, with dry 
cough."-Hah. 
"Expectoration of blood, with fatiguing hacking cough."-Hah. 
Haemoptysis with occasional attacks of profuse hemorrhage. 
"Profuse hemorrhages; pouring out freely, then ceasing for 
sometime."-Raue. [This I have confirmed. I have cured many 
obstinate cases of hemorrhage from the lungs with Phosphorus.] 
"Slight wounds bleed much."-Hah. [Very characteristic.] 
"Respiration always very short after coughing; tightness of 
breath after the slightest food."-HaA. [Much flatulency.] 
"Breathing short, and attended by a violent pressive kind of 
pain in upper part of sternum."-Hah. [Flatulency.] 
"Mucous rales in both lungs, but more noticeable in the lower 
lobes, he could breathe only with a loud rattling noise."-Hah. 
"Respiration very labored, anxious, panting, oppressed, with 
elevation of the whole thorax, especially of left side."-Gendrin. 
"Respiration difficult, impeded by rapid walking."-Hah. 
"Great dyspnoea; sense of suffocation and prostration."-Dietz. 
Hectic fever; the lungs become rapidly involved, with suppu- 
ration ; formation of cavities, and purulent exudation into the 
cavity of the thorax, with infiltration, and ulceration of the intes- 
tinal canal, and hypertrophy of the mesenteric glands ; tubercular 
ulceration of the intestinal cavity, with chronic diarrhoea. 
"Rush of blood to the chest, oppression so great that the 
patient, during the attack of cough and in order to expectorate, 
must sit up in bed, with great pain, and constrictive sensation 
under the sternum."-Hah. [Flatulency.] 
"Distressing anxiety and pressure in the chest, amounting to 
suffocation, with burning, sticking pains behind sternum."-Hah. 
"Heaviness of chest as if a weight were lying upon it."-Hah. 
Severe congestion of the chest, with anxiety and oppression. 
Heart.-"Anxiety about the heart, associated with nausea 
and a peculiar sensation of hunger, somewhat relieved by eating, 
distressing her, even in bed, for hours."-Miss S. 
"Palpitation and anxiety in the evening, and morning on wak- 
ing."-Hah. 
Violent palpitation of the heart on slight motion. 
"Marked bellows murmur with first sound of heart."-Ozanam. 
"Peculiar blowing sound, synchronous with the systole of the 
heart, over the arch of the aorta."-Dr. Karajan. 714 
PHOSPHORUS. 
Pulse rapid, weak, and soft, or intermittent from dyspepsia.t 
In fatty degeneration of the heart, Drs. Bayes and Hughes 
have seen undoubted evidence of its power of arresting the prog- 
ress of the disease in the cardiac substance. "Acute fatty degen- 
eration of the heart is apt to occur in typhus, and the same 
process is thought by many to constitute atheroma of the arte- 
ries, and mollifies ossium; to be a cause of softening of the brain 
and cord; and, occurring in the bronchial tubes, to predispose to 
emphysema."-Hughes. 
Skin.-Jaundice, from acute atrophy of the liver. 
Petechial spots in the skin, similar to purpura haemorrhagica. 
Spots of ecchymosis over the skin, in purpura. (Excellent.) 
"Lips and eyelids become cedematous."-Bibra. 
■"Remarkable paleness of skin and mucous membrane."-Kraus. 
"Round spots of tetter over the whole body."-Schreter. 
"Obstinate ulcers about the nails."-Hah. 
"Ulcers bleed on the appearance of the menses."-Hah. 
Troublesome and obstinate itching of the whole body. 
Unhealthy skin, with a peculiar tendency to hemorrhages. 
"Slight wounds bleed much."-Hah. [Very characteristic.] 
Fever.-Typhoid and typhus, with impending paralysis. 
"Chilliness evenings, rigors, diarrhoea, and aversion to uncov- 
ing."-Hah. 
"Internal chilliness afternoons, with sensation of hot water in 
the stomach."-Hah. [Vomiting when anything is swallowed.] 
"Chilliness every evening, without thirst."-Hah. 
"Violent shaking chill at night, with diarrhoea; followed by 
great heat and perspiration all over."-Hah. 
"Coldness in the knees constantly, at night in bed."-Hah. 
"Of one hundred and seventy workers in match factories, one 
hundred and twenty were attacked with typhus, often complicated 
with pneumonia and bronchitis, that often developed into con- 
sumption."-Allen. 
"Fever from 5 to 6 p. m.; violent chill, followed by heat with 
thirst, and internal chilliness ; after the chill had passed off, heat 
and perspiration all night in bed."-Hah. 
Fever for many days in the afternoon, with elevation of tem- 
perature every evening, with soft, adynamic pulse. 
"Heat at night without thirst, with copious sweat, and raven- 
ous hunger that could not be appeased."-Hah. 
"Glowing heat of one or the other cheek every evening."-Hah. 
In typhoid forms of fever, or hectic fever, or pneumonia, 
where they all assume the adynamic type. PHOSPHORUS. 
715 
Perspiration so copious the patient is exhausted, especially at 
night, in chronic ulcerations and septic fevers. 
Copious perspiration, with much exhaustion during sleep, 
especially profuse toward morning; from malaria. 
Profuse, exhaustive morning sweat; profuse over the whole 
body, on slight exertion; ulceration of the lungs. 
Cold, clammy, sweats, very profuse at night, from debility. 
Spine.-"Stiffness in nape of neck."-Hah. 
"Burning pain between the scapulae."-Austie. 
"Hot spot in the spine."-G. [Or throbbing between shoulders.] 
Degeneration and liquefaction of brain and spinal cord, pro- 
ducing complete paralysis of motion and sensation. 
"The spinous processes of the dorsal vertebrae between the 
scapulae became exceedingly sensitive to pressure, extending to 
the muscles, aggravated by emotional excitement."-Hah. 
Throbbing, burning distress between the shoulders. 
"Burning pains in the small of the back."-Hah. 
Extremities.-Great weakness of the whole body, especially 
the legs; so weak can not walk, or so weak can scarcely raise the 
hands, in low septic fevers. 
Remarkably weak and depressed, without slightest desire to 
attend to ordinary business ; fatty degeneration of all the organs. 
Utter and complete exhaustion of mind and body, can not 
walk, sit up, or talk; from sexual excess. 
The whole body feels heavy, and numb, pricking sensation of 
the skin, with general marasmus. 
Loss of power in all the limbs, especially in the joints. 
"The hands and feet are as heavy as lead."-Hah. 
"The extremities became as heavy as lead, and at last para- 
lyzed, with pains in the muscles."-Mannkoff. 
"Weakness of the arms, so she could not rest them."-Hah. 
"The arms become numb and fall asleep."- Hah. 
Hands feel numb and tremble; the tips of the fingers become 
very numb and insensible; paralysis of sentient nerves. 
"Paralysis of the fingers ; fingers drawn bent."-Hah. 
"Weakness and w'eariness of the lower extremities."-Hah. 
The lower extremities are so heavy and weary, can not walk. 
"The right hip-joint was very painful."-Hah. 
"Extensive periostitis of the tibia, with gangrene."-Hah. 
"Heaviness in the hollow of the knees, with drawing pains 
from the knees to the feet."-Hah. 
"Paralyzed feeling in the feet."-Hah. [With great cedema.j 716 
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA. 
"Bruised pain in the periosteum of the tibiae, that is always 
sore to the touch."-Hah. [Chronic periostitis.] 
The feet feel very heavy and are much swollen (oedema). 
CEdema of the ankles and feet, from heart disease, or fatty 
degeneration of the kidneys. Albuminuria. 
In neuralgia, in many parts of body, with great anaemia and 
a broken-down, emaciated constitution, Phosphorus has done well. 
Great sensitiveness to cold air; takes cold easily; irritability 
and weakness from excessive sexual indulgence. 
Aggravation.-Evening until midnight; from cold; motion; 
after eating; during a thunder-storm; reading aloud; drinking 
water; unpleasant emotional excitement; when lying on the back 
or left side; and changes in the weather either way. 
Amelioration.-In the dark; cold food or water; lying on the 
right side ; during rest and after sleep. 
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA. 
Poke Root. 
Habitat: Europe, America, etc. Tincture of fresh root in the fall, Class III. 
Antidotes.-Milk and Salt, Op., Coff., Ignat., Bell.,Mez., Mer. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Phytolacca has nine 
special centers of action : 
I. Digest. 0. Violent Emesis; Stools Watery, Mucous, Bloody. 
IL Mucous Mem. (Throat and Stom.) Violent Inflammation. 
III. Kidneys. Congestion; Inflammation; Albuminuria. 
IV. Sero-Fibrous Tissues. Rheumatoid Inflam.; Hypertrophy. 
V. Glandular S. (Tonsils, Parotids, Thyroid.) Infl.; Hyper. 
VI. Sexual 0. (Mammae, Ovaries, Testes.) Inflam.; Suppur. 
VII. Skin. Psoriasis; Tinea Capitis; Furuncles. 
VIII. Medulla Spinalis. Convulsions; Paralysis. 
IX. Blood. Fibrine Increased. 
Digestive Organs.-The most prominent action of Phytolacca 
centers on the stomach and bowels. Through its action upon 
the pneumogastric nerve at its origin in the medulla, this drug PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA. 
717 
is a powerful emetic; but it is very slow in its operation. Vom- 
iting often does not take place for one or two hours after its 
ingestion; but its action continues for a long time, affecting both 
the stomach and the bowels. Large doses produce excessive 
vomiting and purging, attended with great prostration and some- 
times convulsions. The active principle produces a burning 
sensation in the stomach, vomiting; tenderness in the bowels, 
with a peculiar heat in the rectum, soon followed by tenesmus, 
mucous and bloody stools. 
"I ate a small piece of the root, and gave some to several of 
my friends, a little before noon. Soon after, all who had eaten 
it, began to vomit. The matter rejected was first of the aliment, 
and then a dark bilious substance, which came away with as 
little effort as vomiting in Asiatic cholera. Vomiting and purging 
continued all the afternoon, with considerable griping pains and 
cramps in the abdomen. The emesis took place every fifteen or 
twenty minutes. Toward evening we were confined to our beds ; 
extremities cold ; pulse very slow; eyes deeply sunk in the orbits. 
We all passed a restless night, with some fever, considerable 
thirst, and the stools without pain. The next morning all the 
dangerous symptoms had passed off. We felt weak for several 
days, with a continuous diarrhoea."-Dr. Bahrenburg. 
The continuous diarrhoea does not often follow as in the 
above cases longer than the second day. The vomiting caused 
by this drug, being centric, comes on suddenly, without much 
nausea, accompanied with a scraping, excoriating feeling in the 
throat, with a thick, ropy discharge from the salivary glands, 
cool perspiration, and excessive muscular debility. 
Fibrous and Serous Tissues.-The action of Phytolacca 
upon these tissues, closely resembles that of Mezereum, Mercury, 
and Iodide of Potash. It not only affects the fibrous tissues and 
the periosteum, but it also affects the fibrous coverings of the 
muscles, and that which envelops or sheathes the nerves. In 
rheumatic and syphilitic affections, where these tissues are in- 
volved, many remarkable cures have been made with this drug. 
Dr. Smart says: "The sphere of Phytolacca in rheumatic affec- 
tions appears to be in the fibrous tissues covering the bones and 
nerves. In rheumatic irritation of the sheaths of the nerves, as 
in sciatic rheumatism, it is especially useful; also in periosteal 
rheumatism and in periostitis. A leading indication for its use 
in periosteal rheumatism, is the presence of a syphilitic taint, 
which may be supposed to originate the troubles in the osseous 718 
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA. 
structures." It is more especially adapted to sub-acute and 
chronic rheumatism, where the periosteum and fibrous tissue are 
much hypertrophied as well as the muscles. 
Glandular System.-Dr. E. M. Hale says: "It is esteemed 
very highly in glandular affections. In our pathogenesis we find 
the following symptoms: 'A very peculiar tension and pressure 
in the parotids; hardness of a gland on the right side of the neck ; 
suppuration of a tumor behind the right ear, with discharge of 
blood and pus.' Dr. Burt found it to cause swelling and inflam- 
mation of the tonsils. Several Homoeopathic physicians, with 
myself, have found it useful in swelling and induration of glands ; 
it seems to have a specific affinity for the mammary glands. The 
root excites the whole glandular system, and has been highly 
extolled in syphilis, scrofulous and cutaneous diseases. It is 
said to hasten the suppurative process; it has been used with 
alleged success in bronchocele. The Phytolacca is an analogue 
of Mercury, Iodide of Potash, Baryta, Podophyllum, Arsenicum, 
and other similar drugs. It is strange that a vegetable remedy 
should be so analogous in its action to the Iodide of Potash. One 
symptom is quite notable,-the loss of adipose tissue in birds 
which have eaten of the berries. Kali hydriodicum has this 
power of causing absorption of adipose matter in a great degree; 
so, also, both are useful in periosteal, Mercurial, and so-called 
syphilitic rheumatism." The ashes of Phytolacca contain over 
fifty per cent of Caustic potassa, strong enough to act as an escha- 
rotic to fungus and cancerous ulcers. They also contain an acid 
called Phytolactic acid. This explains why the symptoms of this 
drug so closely resemble those of the Iodide of Potash. 
"Phytolacca has a specific effect upon the thyroid and mam- 
mae, also parotids and other glands of the throat, and by analogy 
ought to act powerfully upon the ovaries, glands of the cervix, 
and testes. ... I have used it successfully in many cases of 
inflammation of the mammae as well as for tumors and nodosities 
in these glands. . . . But the Phytolacca is not only useful in 
simple and inflammatory engorgement, causing rapid suppuration, 
but it is valuable in those cases where suppuration is already com- 
menced. Here it reduces the inflammation, increases the activity 
of the absorbents, and will often condense an apparently large 
abscess to the smallest dimensions. It is often the case that 
neglected or ill-treated mammary abscesses degenerate into ill- 
conditioned fistulous ulcers. In such cases, I have seen the best 
results follow the judicious use of the remedy. PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA. 
719 
"I have found it useful in encysted tumors; recent indura- 
tions, and even in scirrhus of the breast. In those cases of 
irritable mammae where there is no swelling, induration, nor 
tumor, only a painfulness at the menstrual period, I have found 
it of great use. The menses became more natural, and the pain 
in the mammae ceased. The question here arises: Why will it 
not prove valuable in certain diseases of the testicles or the 
ovaries? When we consider the physiological relation of the 
ovaries to the mammae, we predict it will be found useful in 
many ovarian diseases."-Hale. 
Phytolacca is in constant use among dairymen to remove 
inflammatory engorgement of the udders of cows. In neuralgic 
affections and engorgement of the mammae, it should be used 
locally as well as internally. For cracked and excoriated nip- 
ples, the cerate is of great value. It has also been found very 
useful where the secretion of milk was so profuse that the patient 
became exhausted from the excessive drain. 
Kidneys.-The action of this drug upon the kidneys is so pow- 
erful that albuminuria is produced. This was a well-marked effect 
in my proving. The urine remained acid and became decidedly 
albuminous, with increased specific gravity; and there was pain 
in the region of the kidneys, with high-colored urine. It also has 
many symptoms pointing to direct action upon the liver. 
Blood.-Phytolacca produces an excess of fibrine in the blood 
similar to that found in rheumatism, and especially diphtheria. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-The chief action of this drug on 
the animal nervous system, is upon the medulla; but it also acts 
upon the spine. My experiments upon animals with Phytolacca 
elicited many convulsive symptoms. It produces many neuralgic 
symptoms, with tingling and prickling sensations over the skin. 
Dr. Griggs reports a case of poisoning with this remedy where 
"the extremities were stiff; eyes bleared and dancing, pupils con- 
tracted ; lower lip drawn down, teeth clenched, lips everted and 
firm; muscular rigidity was general and opisthotonos estab- 
lished; pulse 85, soft and unresisting; temperature but little 
changed; respiration difficult and oppressed; mucous rale dis- 
tinct and audible anywhere in the room. The contraction of the 
masseters precluded the idea of giving remedies by the mouth, 
and the amount of mucus in the bronchi that of administering 
anaesthetics. After an hour, had convulsive action of the face 
and neck, the chin drawn closely to the sternum, which condition 720 
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA. 
would last five or ten minutes, then partial relief for twenty 
minutes, when it would return the same as above described. 
The child recovered without emesis or catharsis, with retention 
of urine for one day." 
It is a paralyzer, the loss of power occurring first in the lower 
extremities, similar to that of Conium. "The impairment of mo- 
tility is not due to an action of this agent on the motor nerve or 
on the muscle; for the irritability of the nerve and the contractil- 
ity of muscle remain unaffected when a lethal dose of Phytolacca 
has been given. The action is on the spinal cord, chiefly on the 
medulla."-Bartholoiv. 
Skin.-Its action on the skin greatly resembles that of second- 
ary syphilis; such as psoriasis, pityriasis, lupus, and tinea capitis. 
Dr. Searle has found it almost a specific for a tendency to boils, 
carbuncles, and malignant pustules. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Fibrous Tissues.-The patient is of a rheumatic diathesis, 
and is frequently afflicted with rheumatism of the periosteal and 
fibrous tissues, or is suffering from secondary or tertiary syphilis. 
Chronic rheumatism where the periosteum is involved, espe- 
cially if syphilitic ; worse in damp weather. 
Much stiffness of the neck many nights. 
The back is very stiff every morning, and in damp weather. 
Constant dull, heavy pain in the lumbar and sacral regions, 
aggravated by motion, and at night. 
"Pains shooting from sacrum down to feet."-Dr. Whipple. 
"Neuralgic pain in the outside of left thigh; sciatica."-Jahr. 
Feels sore all over from head to foot; muscles sore and stiff. 
Severe rheumatic pains in low'er extremities, with nightly 
bone-pains. 
Great exhaustion and prostration, after diphtheria. 
"Syphilitic rheumatism, with enlargement of the parotid and 
submaxillary glands."-Dr. O'Brien. 
"Rheumatism of the right frontal region, with nausea and 
aggravation in the morning."-Dr. O'Brien 
"Chronic rheumatism of the left hip-joint, with effusion of the 
synovial fluid, and loss of the use of the joint."-Dr. P. H. Hale. 
"Arthritis vaga, wandering gout."-Dr. Neidhard. 
Rheumatism of the fingers, joints swollen hard and shining. 
Great lassitude and desire to life down, with rheumatism. PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA. 
721 
"Rheumatism of the spine; the pain passes up the neck to the 
hack of the head."-Dr. J. Reynolds. 
Rheumatism affecting periosteum, sheaths of the nerves and 
fasciae. 
"The only remedy I ever tried that would cure rheumatism of 
the scalp; the pains are dull, come on every time it rains, with 
depression of spirits."-Dr. J. Reynolds. [Especially following 
Head.-"Sense of entire indifference to life and disgust for 
everything."-Jahr. [In rheumatism.] 
"Great loss of personal delicacy; a total disregard of all sur- 
rounding objects, and no disposition to adjust their persons under 
any circumstances."-Dr. S. Rosa. 
"Vertigo with dimness of vision."-Jahr. 
"Sensation of soreness deep in the brain."-Jahr. 
"Headache, with sickness of the stomach."-Dr. Marshall. 
"Dull, pressing pain in the forehead, with nausea; cool perspi- 
ration on the forehead, and great debility."-Dr. Warren. 
"Headache in the frontal region extending backward."-Dr. J. 
L. Keep. 
Pressive pain in forehead and top of head; rheumatism. 
Eyes.-Rheumatic ophthalmia ; lids much swollen. 
Malignant ulcers of the lid; granular inflammation. 
"The prominent feeling in the eye is that of smarting, or feel- 
ing of sand in the eye."-Jahr. [Aggravated at night.] 
"Lids feel as if granulated, and the tarsal edges have a 
scalded, hot feeling."-Jahr. [Following diphtheria.] 
The lids feel as if on fire; acute rheumatic ophthalmia. 
Nose.-"Drawing sensation about the root of the nose, with a 
feeling as if a cold would come on."-Jahr. 
Drawing, aching sensation in the root of the nose. 
Face pale, pains in the bones of the face and head at night. 
Mouth and Throat.-Great pain in the root of the tongue 
when swallowing. 
Tongue feels rough, with blisters on the sides, and a very red 
tip; great pain in the root of the tongue when swallowing. 
Tongue and lips dry, much pain in the fauces when swallowing. 
The tongue feels as if scalded; coated grayish yellow. 
"Irresistible desire to bite the teeth together."-Dr. Merrill. 
Teeth all ache, feel sore and elongated ; rheumatism. 722 
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA. 
Great congestion and swelling of soft palate and tonsils. 
Sensation as if there was a lump in the throat that causes 
constant efforts to swallow; globus. 
Salivation with metallic taste in the mouth; diphtheria. 
Great roughness and rawness in throat; from inflammation. 
Congestion and inflammation of the whole back part of the 
mouth and fauces; breath very fetid; tonsillitis or diphtheria. 
Induration and ulceration of the tonsils, deglutition impossible. 
Induration of the parotid glands in diphtheria. 
Diphtheritic inflammation and ulceration of the throat. 
Fauces, tonsils, and pharynx covered with dark-colored 
pseudo-membrane; but does not extend to the nares or trachea. 
Excessive fetor of the breath in diphtheria, with high fever; 
great prostration, and aching of the head, back, and legs. 
The great aching of the back and legs, feeling as if pounded 
all over, with the prostration, is very characteristic of Phytolacca. 
Feeling as if a ball of red-hot iron had lodged in the throat 
Difficult deglutition; with every attempt, excruciating shooting 
pains through both ears ; regurgitating through the nostrils. 
Dr. Bayes says: "Two of the principal diseases in which I 
have found this medicine of service, are diphtheria and fatty 
degeneration. Both are characterized by very feeble performance 
of nerve function, and by a tendency to failure of the heart's 
action. My experience with Phytolacca in diphtheria has been 
very favorable, given in one or two drops of the tincture, with a 
gargle of 40 to 60 drops of the tincture in half a pint of water. It 
appears to me to act as a specific stimulant to those organs and 
tissues which are primarily depressed by the poison; the throat, 
the heart, and the stomach; characterized by well-marked ady- 
namic conditions, and in some of them partial paralysis remained 
for a time." 
Dr. E. M. Hale says: "The diphtheria in which Phytolacca is 
indicated is generally epidemic, with a catarrhal or rheumatic 
origin. The symptoms partake of a rheumatic catarrhal charac- 
ter. It commences with very severe pains all over the body, 
apparently in the bones. The soreness and pain in the limbs, 
back, neck and head, are very severe. High fever mixed with 
chilliness and great weakness. The pain in the throat is chiefly 
at the root of the tongue, and in the tonsils, extending to the ears. 
The exudation, or pseudo-membrane, is pearly white or grayish 
white, and not of the malignant form. 
"The value of Phytolacca has been verified by thousands of 
physicians of the Homoeopathic school in England, Austria, Ger- 
many, Australia, and other countries as well as our own. "To Dr. W. H. Burt rightfully belongs the honor of first intro- 
ducing this remedy in the treatment of diphtheria. The recom- 
mendation was made to me during his heroic proving of the medi- 
cine. Those who undertook to sneer at the claims Dr. Burt set forth 
for this remedy, may well feel abashed when they see the great 
amount of evidence in its favor. Future generations of physi- 
cians, and innumerable patients, will remember Dr. Burt with 
heartfelt gratitude." 
In malignant cases of diphtheria, where the membranes of the 
nose and trachea (croupal form) are involved, Phytolacca will 
prove utterly useless; and we must then select such remedies as 
the Cyanuret of Mercury, Kali bichromicum, Lachesis, Crotalus, 
Hepar sulphur, Bromine, Iodine, Arsenicum, and Rhus vernix, 
with a full milk diet to reduce the fibrine. In diphtheria, the use 
of a gargle of Phytolacca is of great value. It should be composed 
of one-half tincture of the green root and one-half water. If 
used hot so much the better. A gargle of Alcohol is supposed to 
be the best we have; but, with the addition of this drug, it is 
greatly superior to Alcohol alone; and I believe the great success 
of this remedy is largely due to its local application, combined 
with its internal action. Phytolacca corresponds to inflamma- 
tion and ulceration of glandular structures, and ulcerations gen- 
erally. 
Stomach.-Easy vomiting without much nausea. Vomiting 
of the ingesta, bile, and blood, with a great accumulation of 
flatus in the stomach and bowels. 
"Violent vomiting of clotted blood and slime, with retching, 
intense pain, and a desire for death to relieve."-Dr. J. E. Gilman. 
"Intense vomiting and purging, with griping pains and cramps 
in the abdomen."-Jahr. [From biliousness.] 
Great rumbling in the abdomen, and pain in the umbilicus, 
with stools of mucus and blood; gastro-enteritis. 
The stools of Phytolacca are more bilious than bloody. It 
will cure dysentery, but is better in bilious diarrhoea. 
Kidneys.-Albuminous urine, following diphtheria. 
Dark red urine, leaving a deep red stain in the vessel. 
Rheumatism with chalk-like sediment in the urine. 
Fatty degeneration of the kidneys from a gouty diathesis. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Much soreness and rheumatic pains 
in the spermatic cords, with rheumatic orchitis. 
Acute and chronic orchitis. (Locally and internally.) 
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA. 
723 724 
PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too often, too profuse, 
with increase of tears, saliva, bile, and urine ; rheumatic females. 
Barren females, menstruation very painful (rheumatic). 
Ovarian neuralgia. (Rheumatic or gouty foundation.) 
Nipples sensitive, cracked, and excoriated. (Use cerate.) 
Fistular ulcers and abscesses of the mammae. 
Inflammation, swelling, and suppuration of the mammae. 
Mammae full of hard, painful nodosities. Very similar to 
scirrhus. (It has cured many cases. It must be used locally as 
well as internally.- Not useful after ulceration has commenced.) 
Galactorrlicea; profuse discharge of milk; great exhaustion. 
Irritable mammae, (externally and internally); nursing very 
painful. 
This is one of our most useful drugs in many diseases of the 
mammae but it must be used locally as well as internally. 
Mastitis where the hardness is very apparent from the first; 
much sensitiveness. (See Belladonna, Conium, and Graphites.) 
Cancer of the mammae has (apparently) been cured many 
times with this drug. It has also cured cancer in many parts of 
the body. I have seen it cure a large one on the forehead, and 
one the size of a hen's egg in the breast, used locally and inter- 
nally. (These were diagnosed to be cancer.) 
Skin.-Eruptions and ulceration from secondary and tertiary 
syphilis; squamous eruptions; eczema, herpes, boils, and bar- 
ber's itch. 
Tinea capitis, and various ulcerations, in rheumatic, gouty 
subjects. 
Aggravation.-Evening and night; damp weather; motion. 
Amelioration.-While lying down (most symptoms); during 
the day, and dry, warm weather. PLANTAGO MAJOR. 
PLANTAGO MAJOR. 
Plantain. 
Habitat: Europe, Asia, America, etc. Tincture of the fresh plant. Class I. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Plantago has four special centers 
of action : 
I. Fifth Pair of Nerves. Excessive Hyperasthesia. 
II. Skin. Prurigo; Urticaria; Papula. 
III. Digestive Organs. Parasiticide; Diarrhoea. 
IV. Urinary Organs. Paralysis of Sphincter Vesica. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Upon the filaments of the fifth pair 
of nerves, no known remedy has a more specific action. It produces 
great sensitiveness of the teeth; they feel greatly elongated and 
sore to the touch and can not bear cold air or contact. Dr. 
Reutlinger says that the 2d dilution of the plant will cure seven- 
tenths of all cases of odontalgia in about fifteen minutes; and 
scores of Homoeopathic physicians have cured toothache of the 
most aggravating kind with Plantago in different potencies up to 
the 30th. It should be used locally as well as internally. It also 
acts upon the ear similarly to Pulsatilla, and cures otalgia. 
Skin.-It causes great irritation of the nerve filaments of the 
skin, producing prurigo, urticaria, and papula, with severe itch- 
ing, pricking, and burning sensations. Externally, in the form of 
a poultice, or lotion, Plantago has greatly benefited burns, scalds, 
frost-bites, chilblains, bites of animals, bruises, inflammation of 
the mammie, erysipelas, and Rhus-poisoning. 
Digestive Organs. -Here it produces a state similar to ver- 
minous affections, such as grinding of the teeth, colic, diarrhoea, 
nocturnal enuresis, etc. 
It is especially useful in nocturnal enuresis of children when 
there is a lax condition of the sphincter vesicae. It has been 
highly extolled in cholera infantum, diarrhoea, and dysentery. 
The pains of Plantago are of a tearing nature. 
In chronic intermittent fever, Plantago has made some brill- 
iant cures, especially after the abuse of Quinine. 726 
PLATINA. 
PLATINA. 
Platinum. 
An element. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Puls., Plumb., Spir. nitr. dulc. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Platina has three spe- 
cial centers of action: 
I. Cerebro-Spinal System. Depression; Paresis; Ancesthesia. 
II. Sexual 0., F. Conges.; Hypertrophy; Menorrhagia; Neural. 
III. Digestive Organs. Indigestion; Flatus; Constipation. 
Animal Nervous System.-Through the cerebro-spinal nerv- 
ous system, Platina produces great depression of the sensorium 
and a general tendency to torpor and paralysis. It acts espe- 
cially on the peripheral nerves, in opposition to Opium. 
"The chief action of Platina appears to be upon the nervous 
centers,-the symptoms being generally characterized by depres- 
sion. There is a strong tendency to paralysis and anaesthesia; 
and, in the emotional sphere, there is anxiety and apprehension, 
even to the fear of death."-Dr. R. Hughes. 
"The action of Platina is exerted in the most marked and pe- 
culiar manner upon the mind and disposition; upon the second 
and third branches of the trifacial nerve, and upon the sexual 
organs of women. It acts, like Ignatia, much more upon the 
vital forces than upon the organic substances of the body. It 
further resembles Ignatia in the fact that it interferes with and 
deranges the co-ordination of functions, destroying the harmony 
with which related functions are performed in the healthy body. 
It differs from Ignatia in this, that the Ignatia patient has a dis- 
position to grieve in melancholy sadness; and Platina, on the 
other hand, belongs to cases in which the mind rises in defiant 
and distorted superiority over the causes of vexation or sorrow; 
becomes, first, demonstratively apprehensive, then alternately 
demonstratively lachrymose and boisterously merry, and at last 
absurdly supercilious; the personality of the patient is obtruded 
on one's notice."-Dr. Dunham. PLATINA. 
727 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Through the filaments of the sper- 
matic plexus of nerves, distributed to the ovaries, Platina has 
a profound action upon the generative organs of women; produc- 
ing premature and profuse menstruation, and menorrhagia. With 
this action, there are many spasmodic and neuralgic phenomena, 
mixed up with paralysis, anaesthesia, and many hysterical symp- 
toms. 
"Platina holds the same place in the treatment of chronic ova- 
rian disease as Aurum in corresponding affections of the testicles. 
Hering recommends it for induration of the ovaries (Hahnemann 
had already mentioned a similar condition in the uterus as indi- 
cating it); and Mr. Harmar Smith has published a case of 
chronic ovarian irritation, with sterility, in which it was curative. 
The distinguishing feature between Platina and Pulsatilla in these 
cases is, that with the former there is menorrhagia, with the latter 
the reverse."-Dr. Hughes. 
Digestive Organs.-It produces torpor of the intestinal canal, 
with flatulence and constipation. 
The Chloride of Platina has been used with much success in 
chronic syphilitic diseases, resembling in its action the Chloride of 
Gold, where profound depression of mind is a leading symptom, 
and the Iodides of Mercury and Potash fail. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
General Indications.-Females with dark hair, thin, of a 
sanguine or bilious temperament, and who suffer from too fre- 
quent and too profuse menstruation, and whose sexual organs are 
exceedingly sensitive. 
"The kind of pain characteristic of Platina is a cramp-like, 
squeezing pain,-a kind of crushing together. It is peculiarly 
characteristic of this pain that it begins, gradually increases in 
severity, and then gradually ceases, resembling Stannum."-D. 
"Most of the Platina symptoms are worse when the patient sits 
or stands, relieved by walking, and greatly aggravated at night." 
-D. [Hysteric rheumatism.] 
Mind.-Hysteria, with much depression of spirits, and indi- 
gestion. 
Great melancholia in females with uterine diseases. 
"Very nervous, spasmodic temperaments; with great anguish; 
she feels as if she would lose her senses and die soon.''-G. 728 
PLATINA. 
"Anxiety, weeping, palpitation, with a numb feeling in the 
malar bones, as if the parts were between screws."-Raue. 
"Self exaltation and contempt for others. On entering a room 
after a walk, everything looks small; she feels large and looks 
down upon them."-Douglas. 
"The physical symptoms disappear, and the mental symp- 
toms appear, and vice versa."-G. 
"Arrogant, proud feeling; contemptuous, pitiful looking down 
upon people usually venerated, with a kind of casting them off; 
feels herself large and superior."-JZr/.. 
"Very restless disposition, with sadness, the most joyful things, 
distressed her; life wearisome, but has great dread of death, 
which seems near at hand."-Hg. 
"Out of sorts with the whole world, everything seems too nar- 
row ; weeping mood; trifling things produce profound vexation, 
and remains a long time in the sulks."-Gross. 
Head.-"Vertigo on sitting down or going down stairs."-Dr. 
Musits. 
"A numb sensation in the forehead as if constricted ; soon in- 
creasing to a violent, dull headache."-Gross. 
"Cramp-like drawing constriction in the head from time to 
time about the forehead; commencing slight, increasing until 
violent, and slowly ceasing."-Gross. 
"Tense numb sensation in the zygomata and mastoid proc- 
esses, as if the head were screwed together."-Gross. 
"Crawling, like formication, on the right temple, extending 
down the lower jaw, with a feeling of coldness in it."-Gross. 
Nervous deafness, with greatest variety of noises in the ears. 
Objects appear smaller than they really are, with spasms of 
the eyelids, in hysterical females. 
Spasmodic yawning, with great sleeplessness. 
Face feels cold and numb; hysterical subjects. 
Digestive Organs.-"Crawling on the tongue and feeling as if 
it was burnt."-Gross. [Hysterical affections.] 
"During the contemptuous mood, suddenly ravenous hunger, 
and greedy, hasty eating."-Gross. [Hysteria with delusions.] 
"Loud eructations, when fasting and after eating."-Gross. 
"Much fermentation in the stomach."-Hg. [Flatulence and 
constipation.] 
"Constant nausea, with great weakness, anxiety, and tremu- 
lous sensation through the whole body in the forenoon."-Gross. PLATINA. 
729 
"There is little that is distinctive in the digestive canal, ex- 
cept in so far as the stool is concerned. This is retarded; the 
faeces scanty, hard, evacuated with difficulty and almost dry; re- 
quiring great effort of the abdominal muscles; and is followed by 
great weakness in abdomen, with sharp stitches in rectum."-I). 
Dr. Guernsey says : "The stool is exceedingly difficult; adher- 
ing to the rectum and anus like soft clay." 
Urine pale and copious. In hysteria and mental affections. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Hyper-sensitiveness of the gener- 
ative organs is the great characteristic for Platina. 
"Excessive sexual desire, particularly in virgins."-G. 
"Voluptuous tingling in the vulva and abdomen, with de- 
pression of spirits, anxiety, and palpitation of the heart."-G. 
"Mons veneris cold and excessively sensitive to the touch, can 
not bear the napkins usually applied."-G. 
"Labor-pain suspended by the very painful sensitiveness of 
the vagina and external genital organs; the pains spasmodic and 
excessively painful."-G. 
"Menses in excess; blood dark and thick, with chilliness and 
sensitiveness of the vulva."-G. [With much prostration.] 
Splendid in metrorrhagia, with discharge of thick, black blood. 
"Metrorrhagia, or menorrhagia, with sensation as if the body 
was growing larger every day."-G. 
"Great bearing-down in genitals; profuse menstruation."-G. 
"The menses appear much too early, and are very copious. 
Moreover, there are uterine hemorrhages, copious and often re- 
curring. As in most uterine hemorrhages, the color and con- 
sistency of the blood furnish a valuable characteristic of the 
remedy. It is very dark, and, without being coagulated in distinct 
masses, it is thick and tarry; accompanied by dragging and press- 
ing downward in the entire pelvis, with pains in the sacrum, and 
unnatural sensibility of the genital organs."-D. 
"Amenorrhcea, with painful pressure, as if the menses would 
appear, with pain in the small of the back."-G. 
"Much threatening of the menses to come on."-G. 
"Ovaritis; the pain in the region of the ovary is of a burning 
character, occurring in paroxysms, with stitches in the forehead, 
and excessive sexual desire."-G. 
Oophoritis during climaxis, with menorrhagia and hot flashes. 
Indurations of the uterus, with excessive sensitiveness. 
"Albuminous leucorrhoea, only in the day-time, with great sen- 
sitiveness of the vagina."-G. 730 
PLATINA. 
"Nymphomania; especially in lying-in women, with volup- 
tuous tingling from genitals into abdomen."-Hg. 
Amorous dreams with debility in both sexes. 
Weak, hysterical women that sigh much; the lungs feel so 
weak she can not take a full breath. 
Hysterical cough, from stifling behind the upper fourth of the 
sternum. 
Back.-"Weakness in the nape of.the neck; the head sinks 
foiward."-Hg. [In female diseases.] 
"A numb sensation in the nape, close to the occiput, as if 
tightly bound."-Dr. Gross. [Hysterical reflex congestion.] 
"Pain in back and small of back as if broken."-Dr. Gross. 
"While sitting, numbness in coccyx as after a blow."-Gross. 
Extremities.-A feeling of complete prostration. 
"Cramp-like pain close to the shoulder, as if in the chest 
everything were tightly constricted."-Dr. Gross. [Hysterical af- 
fections.] 
Left arm feels paralyzed, in hysterical women. 
"Tightness of the thighs as if too tightly wrapped ; with great 
weakness."-Dr. Gross. 
Very weary, relaxed, and prostrated in female diseases. 
Aggravation.-In evening; warm room; in bed; at rest, and 
from anger. 
Amelioration.-In open air; from motion; after sleep; dur- 
ing the day, and from cold air. PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
731 
PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
Metallic Lead. 
An element. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Milk, Alumin., Op., Bell., Zinc., Nux vom., Sulph., Alkalies, Acids. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Lead has nine special centers of 
action : 
I. Mouth. Blue Line upon Gums; Fetid Breath. 
II. Stomach. Severe Fetching and Vomiting. 
III. Abdomen. Retracted. Constipation; Colica Saturnina. 
IV. Kidneys. Granular; Contrted; Albumin.; Uric Acid Dim. 
V. Brain. Encephalopathia. Nerves. Fatty Degeneration. 
A I. Eyes. (Optic Nerve.) Atrophy; Amaurosis. 
VII. Muscles. Fatty Degeneration; Paralysis; Atrophy. 
VIII. Blood. Loaded with Urates; Arthralgia Saturnina. 
IX. Joints, Cartilages, Bursae, Fibrous Tissue. Arthralgia. 
Digestive Organs.-The salt of Lead that is most apt to 
produce toxic symptoms is the Acetate. "The first result of a 
toxic dose of this, is, in most cases, a persistent sweet, some- 
what metallic, taste. This in a few minutes is followed by 
vomiting, which may or may not be preceded by nausea. The 
matters vomited are often milky white from the presence of Chlo- 
ride of Lead. A severe, persistent burning pain in the abdomen 
now comes on, and is accompanied with a craving for drink. 
There may be diarrhoea or obstinate constipation. In either case, 
the stools are generally black from the Sulphuret of Lead. In 
some cases, collapse is developed, the pulse falls to forty or fifty 
per minute, the voice is lost, the face is deadly pale, lips livid, 
and syncope seems imminent. In other cases, the nervous symp- 
toms predominate, or they may accompany those of disordered 
circulation. Cramps in the calves of the legs, severe neuralgic 
pains in the extremities, paralysis and anaesthesia, vertigo, stupor, 
may any or all of them be present. In fatal cases, coma, with or 
without convulsions, finally develops. A distinctive mark of 732 
PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
Leaci-poisoning which sometimes is present very early is the blue 
line upon the gums. After death, inflammation of the alimentary 
mucous membrane is sometimes, but not always, found. 
"The fatal dose of Sugar of Lead is between one and two 
ounces; the Sub-acetate is more poisonous, and the Nitrate acts 
as a violent irritant. The Carbonate appears to be incapable of 
causing acute poisoning."-II. C. Wood. 
Chronic Lead-Poisoning.-"Chronic Lead-poisoning shows, 
sooner or later, almost without exception, signs of impaired 
nutrition. Even when the patient experiences no diminution of 
his strength and general health, his aspect becomes changed, and 
the skin assumes a peculiar yellowish hue, icterus Saturninus; 
but this color has nothing to do with the biliary pigments. There 
is rarely wanting, as a characteristic mark of the action of Lead, 
a dark or bluish-black line at the junction of the teeth and gums, 
always most strongly marked upon the upper jaw; and it shows 
most plainly in people who have bad teeth, with deposits of 
tartar upon them. The black edge of this line is due to the 
deposition of particles of the Sulphide of Lead in the substance 
of the gum. In rare cases, this slate color spreads over the en- 
tire gum, or even over the whole mucous membrane of the mouth 
(Tanquerel). 
"As further signs of the action of Lead upon the system, we 
have a characteristic insipid, sweetish, mildly astringent (Lead) 
taste, and at the same time, a very fetid breath. (The fetid 
breath is due to its perverted action upon the lymphatics of the 
lungs.) . . . 
"Colica, Saturnino,.-This is the first, and by far the most fre- 
quent, form in which chronic Lead-poisoning manifests itself. 
Not unfrequently, it comes on very suddenly, without any previ- 
ous symptoms. In most cases, however, some warning is given. 
For weeks preceding the attack of colic, the patient is tormented 
by moderate wandering pains, which are sometimes aggravated 
by eating, and sometimes entirely independent of meals. At the 
same time, increased disturbance of digestion is noticed, loss of 
appetite, increase of the peculiar sweetish taste, and constipation, 
and in some cases diarrhoea. With these prodroma, the case can 
be arrested. In most cases, these symptoms are followed by the 
outbreak of the disease, beginning with colicky pains. These 
vary in intensity; they may be inconsiderable, or may, on the 
other hand, be so severe that the patient attempts suicide. 
According to the severity of the attack, the patient is affected PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
733 
mentally in a greater or less degree, often being excited to the 
utmost violence. Besides the attacks of colic, which rarely last 
more than a few minutes (Tanquerel saw them last for hours), 
there are some sensations of pain which do not entirely cease, a 
continued griping and cramp in the abdomen being present 
almost without exception. 
"Pressure on the abdomen never increases the pain in severe 
attacks, but, on the contrary, almost always gives relief. At the 
time of the remission, it is agreeable to the patient, and very 
rarely increases the pain. The seat of the pain varies. Gen- 
erally, it rs in the region of the umbilicus, sometimes in the upper 
and sometimes in the lower part of the abdomen, and rarely in 
the region of the kidneys. • No classification of Lead colic based 
upon this is of any value. 
"In many cases, the pains are accompanied by tormenting 
and frequent tenesmus; in others, together with or in place of 
tenesmus, there is strangury or retention of urine, with severe 
pain extending along the course of the ureters or spermatic cord 
to the kidneys, or to the penis. There are also shooting pains in 
the breasts. These pains are doubtless in part due to powerful 
contractions of the intestinal wall; at all events, Tanquerel suc- 
ceeded in feeling very energetic contraction of the rectum during 
an attack of colic, by digital examination; he also thought that 
he could detect a contraction of the sphincter vesicae by the intro- 
duction of a catheter. 
"In addition to the colic, retraction of the abdomen and con- 
stipation are rarely wanting. The retraction of the abdomen is 
often very great,-so great that the bodies of the vertebrae can be 
seen through the skin of the abdomen. The entire abdomen is 
generally sunken, so as to be boat-shaped, and is hard. At times 
the retraction is irregular. In not a few cases, however, this is 
entirely wanting, and in its place there is swelling of the abdo- 
men. The same is true of constipation; notwithstanding the im- 
portance of this symptom in the diagnosis of Lead colic, yet it is 
in many and even severe cases, wanting, and diarrhoea occurs in 
its place. Nevertheless, in by far the majority of cases, consti- 
pation is co-incident with the pain, not only in time but also in 
degree; and they may last for several weeks. Violent vomiting, 
or at least nausea, is also a very common occurrence. The vom- 
iting is often preceded for a long time by ineffectual retching, and 
occurs generally during the remission of the colicky pains. The 
vomited matters are usually tinged with bile. 734 
PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
"The course of the disease, chiefly limited to the colic, varies. 
As a rule, it is more severe in the evening and night, when all of 
the symptoms become worse. Even after long intervals free from 
pain, and when the disease seems to be at an end, relapses are 
very frequent; they occur after the expiration of days and weeks. 
The duration of the disease is, as a rule, not more than a week, 
especially in recent cases ; but it can be prolonged very much by 
repeated relapses, and may finally, especially in old cases, and 
where there is a fresh exposure to the action of the poison, 
become chronic. The termination of the disease, following the 
cessation of the colic, is often very sudden. The prognosis is on 
the whole very favorable; extensive statistics by Tanquerel show 
the mortality to be only two per cent."-Ziemssen. 
This Lead colic is, without doubt, a neurosis of the peripheral 
nerves of the intestinal plexus, from degeneration and regenera- 
tion of the peripheral nerves, as shown in post mortems. 
"The abdominal phenomena of Lead-poisoning at once sug- 
gest it as a remedy for colic and constipation, whether occurring 
separately or together. And, indeed, I know of no better instance 
of the truth of the law of similars than the beautiful action of 
Plumbum in such conditions. For obstinate habitual consti- 
pation, when the stools are dry and lumpy, and the intestines 
half paralytic and half crampy, I have the utmost confidence in 
it. It is no less valuable in what Dr. Copeman calls ' obstipation 
-that is, an impaction of feces. This use of Lead, inexplicable 
save upon the Homoeopathic hypothesis, has been recently im- 
ported into ordinary practice by Dr. Thorowgood, of course with- 
out acknowledgment of its source. We carry it still further, rely- 
ing upon the medicine in any form of obstruction of the bowels 
that has not a mechanical cause; and, in incarcerated and even 
strangulated hernia, before the knife is resorted to, Plumbum 
should be tried. . . . 
"The association of colic with constipation, and of constipation 
with colic, always forms the special indication for Plumbum as a 
remedy for either. But association is not essential. The habit- 
ual costiveness in which the medicine is so efficacious may be 
quite painless; and, on the other hand, Baehr has related one 
case, myself another, of what may fairly be called neuralgic en- 
terodynia cured by it, where the bowels were regular enough. In 
such cases, the sense of retraction in the abdomen mentioned as 
characteristic by Dr. Guernsey, or the actual hard and tense con- 
dition observed by Baehr, may guide to its choice."-Dr. Hughes. PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
735 
Kidneys.-"I come now to the action of Lead upon the urinary 
organs, which are an important seat of its influence. In the first 
place, we have Dr. Ringer's statement, that, after the adminis- 
tration of its salts, there is an increased amount of mucus in the 
urine, with signs of irritation of the lining membrane of the blad- 
der, even to the extent of inducing a catarrhal condition. Cor- 
respondingly, Teste claims to have cured with Plumbum several 
chronic affections of the urinary organs. But of still greater in- 
terest is the action of the poison on the kidneys. These are found, 
as I have said, small and granular; there is present the contracted 
kidney, which constitutes the most serious form of Bright's disease. 
So frequently does this lesion occur in the subjects of Plumbism, 
that Dr. Dickenson states that it was found in twenty-six out of 
forty-two workers in Lead who died from various causes at St. 
George's Hospital. During life, albuminuria is an evidence of 
the mischief being set up ; and it has been thought that the Satur- 
nine epilepsy may sometimes be due to it. 
"Another effect of the renal degeneration induced by Lead is 
that the separation of urates from the blood is checked, so that 
the uric acid of the urine is diminished while that of the blood is 
increased. This is the pathological condition which, according to 
Dr. Garrod, excites gouty inflammation; and he and Dr. Ringer 
agree in stating, from experience, that if to a gouty person, free 
at the time from the special manifestation of the disease, a salt of 
Lead is administered, it develops an acute attack of gout, with its 
usual symptoms of severe pain and high fever. Dr. Garrod ac- 
counts in this way for the frequency with which gout appears 
among workers in Lead, as compared with those following other 
occupations. Of all this, there need be no question. But it is 
another thing to suppose that Lead causes its renal degeneration 
through the intermediary development of gout. That its kidney 
is the ' gouty kidney ' is unquestionable; but only, I think, be- 
cause both it and the gouty poison have the same renal action. 
It is admitted, that, in many instances, the granular kidney is the 
only gouty manifestation present in the subjects of Lead-poison- 
ing; and Dr. George Moore has entered into a thorough examina- 
tion of the evidence in a paper contributed to the twenty-fourth 
volume of the British Journal of Homoeopathy, the result of which 
is entirely adverse to the causation of true gout-or rheumatism 
-by Lead. 
"We conclude, then, that Lead causes granular degeneration 
of the kidneys by a direct and specific action; and should be 
a hopeful remedy for the disease, whether of gouty or other origin. 736 
PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
No remedy, moreover, so closely corresponds to the general phe- 
nomena of the malady,-as the atheroma, the cachexia, and the 
depression of spirits; the amaurosis also of the two is precisely 
similar. The only recorded experience of the use of Lead in renal 
disease is that of Lewaid, as given by Dr. Ringer. He found 
it to constantly diminish the albumen in the urine, though only 
by nine or ten grains in the twenty-four hours. The diminution 
appeared to hold no constant relation to the quantity of Lead ad- 
ministered. At the same time, and with the same absence of 
quantitative relation to the drug, the amount of urine was in- 
creased in the same period by 200 cubic centimeters. The form of 
the renal mischief here is not stated. I have tried the treatment 
in two well-marked cases of granular degeneration. In one the 
effect was nil, save to relieve an accompanying constipation. In 
the other, great improvement in general health ensued for a time ; 
but a chill caused pericarditis and death."-Dr. R. Hughes. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-We have much to learn of the ac- 
tion of this drug upon the brain and spinal cord. The symptoms 
given in our books are many; but the lesions are not well defined. 
The "Encephalopathia Saturnina is in every respect the most 
severe of the forms in which chronic Lead-poisoning manifests 
itself. Hence, it is found almost exclusively among laborers, 
whose work favors a copious absorption of the poison; and in 
them it occurs in a proportionately large number, and often sur- 
prisingly early. Of seventy-two cases collected by Tanquerel, it 
was developed in one in eight days ; in ten, in the course of the first 
month; and in forty-four, in the course of the first nine months. 
On the other hand, in only twenty-eight cases was it developed in 
from one to fifty-two years after the individuals had begun to 
work in Lead. 
"In animals, it is very frequent; and in dogs, after experimen- 
tal poisoning, it is almost always the symptom which last appears. 
"In Lead workers, encephalopathy may come on very suddenly 
after one of the Lead affections, or without the precedence of 
such, or beginning with the prodroma usual to the disease. The 
most important of these are violent headache and amaurosis 
Saturnina. Less certain symptoms are stupor and apathy or 
excitement. The true encephalopathy develops with a more or 
less gradual or sudden increase of sensory disturbances, and the 
appearance of general or partial convulsions. The symptoms, 
as already mentioned, are not the same in all cases; sometimes 
there is simple maniacal excitement, with tendency to violence, PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
737 
sometimes melancholia, with corresponding hallucinations; in 
■other cases, convulsive attacks appear quite early. Sometimes, 
but on the whole rarely, the convulsions are more partial, while 
at the same time the unconsciousness is more or less completely 
wanting; in most cases the appearance of acute eclampsia Satur- 
nina is the most common and the principal symptom of enceph- 
alopathia. 
"The eclamptic attack comes on very suddenly, or after the 
above prodroma. The attack does not at once reach its greatest 
intensity in the severity of the convulsion and duration of the 
coma ; but the more severe attack comes on soon after the first mild 
one has passed off, and the patient has awakened from a short 
period of unconsciousness. After this one, the coma is of a longer 
duration; and, after a while, in most cases, it does not cease at 
all, and the most violent epileptiform attacks follow one another 
in rapid succession. According to Tanquerel, eclampsia Satur- 
nina is never preceded by an aura. Between the attacks, there 
are frequently uneasiness and delirium, instead of coma. 
"Thus the case may last for several days. Where the attacks 
are very frequent, death usually takes place rapidly; in mild 
cases, the attacks are less frequent; and in the interval conscious- 
ness, at first temporary and incomplete, gradually becomes fully 
established, or the patient may awake from a very severe attack 
like an epileptic from a paroxysm, and thus complete recovery 
ensue, which, however, not unfrequently soon gives way to a re- 
lapse. 
"'Amaurosis is the most important of the symptoms accom- 
panying encephalopathy. It may, as Tanquerel says, come on 
before, with, or after, the attack of encephalopathy, often sud- 
denly, but in some cases gradually, sometimes also quite inde- 
pendently of the encephalopathy. The appearances are, accord- 
ing to ophthalmologists, normal fundus oculi, normal boundaries 
of the field of vision, and central scotoma."-Ziemssen. 
Dr. Wood says: "Among the rarer forms of nervous disturb- 
ance induced by Lead, may be mentioned, amaurosis from atrophy 
of the optic nerve, the atrophy being probably the result of an 
optic neuritis ; hemiplegia and hemi-anaesthesia, and violent and 
intractable chorea." 
"The only lesion which the nervous centers present in fatal 
cases of Lead-poisoning with cerebral symptoms, is an apparent 
hypertrophy of the brain, or at least a state of tension so great, 
that, although there is actually less blood than usual in the cere- 
bral vessels and less effusion in the ventricles of the brain, the 738 
PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
surface of this organ has a flattened appearance; and if, before 
the calvarium is removed, portions of the skull and of the mem- 
branes are excised by means of a trephine, the cerebral substance 
will rise into the opening and even protrude from it."-Stille. 
"Plumbum, from its pathogenetic effects, should be no less ben- 
eficial in local spasms than in general convulsions ; and so it has 
proved. Dr. Stokes has put on record a case of cramps of the 
calves of long standing rapidly cured by it. Drs. Chapman and 
Cooper have illustrated its value in spasmodic conditions of the 
rectum and anus, and Teste has removed with it painful retrac- 
tion of the testicles. Dr. Dyce Brown has called our attention to 
the important observation that vaginismus has been observed as 
an effect of Lead-poisoning,-a fact which may yet be turned to 
practical service; though I found the medicine inoperative in a 
case in which I gave it. In a case of incurable paralysis which I 
once treated with it, the cramps, which constituted the most dis- 
tressing element of the case, were almost entirely removed by 
it."-Hughes. 
Epilepsy has been cured many times with Plumbum, by Drs. 
Rush, Spence, Agnew, Eberle, and many others. It is as truly 
homoeopathic to chronic epilepsy as Hydrocyanic acid is to the 
acute form. 
Muscular System.-The action of Lead upon this system is 
by some supposed to be through the spinal nerves; but Prof. H. 
C. Wood says: "According to MM. Debove and Renaut, the 
first changes that occur in the affected muscles are those of sub- 
acute myositis similar to that seen in the neighborhood of a 
seton. The electro-muscular contractility may be lost before 
voluntary movements. It is stated by M. Raymond that the 
short extensor of the thumb preserves its function when all the 
other extensor muscles are paralyzed. The paralyzed muscles 
are finally exceedingly wasted; and their structure may be so 
totally destroyed that scarcely a single striated fiber can be found. 
The nerve-trunks are lessened in size; in many of their tubules 
the medulla has been replaced by fatty granules, and in some 
cases every trace of the tubules has disappeared, and the nerve 
been reduced to a fibrous cord. The symmetry and localization 
of the paralysis in Lead-poisoning would seem to indicate a 
spinal origin; but, so far as I know, no very distinct spinal lesion 
has as yet been found out. Dr. E. Lancereaux, in a very careful 
study of a case, could only find some of the spinal cells more 
granular than normal, and apparently atrophied. In some cases PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
739 
of Lead-poisoning, no decided anatomical alteration can anywhere 
be detected." 
"Lead-paralysis is the third of the Lead affections, both in 
frequency and in order of succession. Tanquerel has shown that 
paralysis may occur as early as on the third day after the first 
exposure to Lead; further, that, in one hundred and two cases, 
nine occurred in the course of the first month, and fourteen in 
the course of the first two months; thirty-four in the course of 
two years, and forty-eight after ten years. Some have been 
exposed fifty-two years before the paralysis. 
"In its localization, Lead-paralysis shows an almost freakish 
opposition to arthralgia, which is seemingly so nearly related to 
it. In the latter, a predilection is manifested for the lower 
extremities and for the flexors; while in paralysis (of Lead), in 
the great majority of cases, at first at least, the upper extremities 
and the extensors are attacked. Paralysis of the extensors of 
the hand and fingers (especially of the extensor communis), with 
freedom of the supinator, is the characteristic and well-known 
form of Lead-paralysis; next, the triceps and deltoid are most 
frequently attacked. The same is true of the lower extremities 
when they are attacked, which rarely takes place until long after 
the paralysis of the hand and fingers, the extensors (dorsal flex- 
ors) of the foot, on the peroneal side, and those of the toes, losing 
their power. Only in rare cases are the respiratory (intercostal) 
or the laryngeal muscles affected. Rarely, however, as cases of 
this form of paralysis are produced, still it is positively estab- 
lished by the frequent appearance of paralysis of these muscles 
in animals poisoned with Lead. Horses in Lead mills frequently 
have paralysis of the vocal cords, rendering tracheotomy neces- 
sary. Even Tanquerel has never observed paralysis of the mus- 
cles of the face or eyes in Lead disease. It is to be especially 
observed that the extent of the paralysis, as in the fore-arm, does 
not correspond with the distribution of a peripheral nerve. The 
muscles affected in ordinary Lead-paralysis of the hand and 
fingers are, as a rule, those which are supplied by the radial 
nerve; but usually one or more of the muscles receiving fibers 
from this nerve remain unaffected. In the majority of cases, 
the paralysis affects the extremities of both sides, and often the 
same muscles in both extremities. There are cases, however, in 
which only one extremity is affected; and cases are not very rare 
in which the muscles paralyzed in the two extremities are differ- 
ent. In rare cases, Lead-paralysis may resemble hemiplegia, on 
account of both the upper and lower extremity on the same side 
being attacked. 740 
PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
"The characteristic appearance of Lead-paralysis is often 
obscured by the fact that it may be exceedingly limited,-con- 
fined to the extensor of a single huger, for example,-or by the 
fact, that, beginning in the usual manner, it may involve all of 
the muscles of a limb, or may even finally spread over the whole 
body. Very slight impairment of the functions of the flexors is 
observable at an early stage, even when the paralysis seems to 
be purely of the extensors. Tanquerel and others explain this 
by the defective extensibility of the paralyzed muscles. Better is 
the explanation, that, in pure extensor paralysis, the position of 
the hands, for example, is unfavorable to the exercise of the 
flexors, and limits their function. Sensibility is usually unaffected 
in Lead-paralysis; more frequently there are, at the commence- 
ment, pains in the unaffected muscles; rarely complete anaesthe- 
sia of the skin, corresponding, or nearly corresponding, to the 
distribution of the paralysis ; in individual cases, there is anaesthe- 
sia of the deeper parts also. On the other hand, trophic disturb- 
ances are never absent. The extraordinarily rapid atrophy of the 
paralyzed muscles, often reaching a high degree in a few weeks, 
is, next to localization, the most characteristic sign of Lead-par- 
alysis. The shrinkage of the muscles attains a degree seldom 
seen, except in progressive muscular atrophy; and it is so much 
the more apparent in this disease, since the neighboring muscles 
preserve their normal and well-developed volume ; thus, the atro- 
phy of the extensors produces a deep furrow on the outside of the 
fore-arm. By examination with electricity, there appear early 
those signs which are seldom wanting in peripheral neuro-paral- 
ysis ; speedy diminution, even to complete disappearance, of the 
reaction to the Faradic (interrupted, induced) current, occasional 
appearance of greatly increased excitability to mechanical irri- 
tants; predominance of Ka S Z, and increase of time occupied by 
the contraction wave. The observation of Erb, who found this 
abnormal reaction very well marked in a patient with Lead-par- 
alysis in muscles in which the paralysis had not become devel- 
oped, is very interesting and important. In the f urther course of 
the paralysis, many deformities may arise, such as dislocation in 
the more movable joints, as the shoulder and phalanges; and 
the tumors thus formed-upon the back of the hand, for example, 
-can be very easily mistaken for gouty swellings. As mentioned 
above, however, true gouty swellings occur as a complication. 
Often there is tremor of the paralyzed muscles, especially at the 
time of the appearance and disappearance of the paralysis. 
Tremor is frequently observed in the facial muscles, which are PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
741 
never affected with Lead-paralysis. ... In addition, we 
would mention progressive muscular atrophy as having been fre- 
quently observed in patients suffering with Lead disease. 
"The pathological changes are found in the muscles and periph- 
eral nerves. Examination of the central nervous system has 
always given negative results. The most important change is 
that observed by Westphal, who found in one case of Lead- 
paralysis, which developed gradually dor two years, an abundant 
new formation of nerve-fibers in the radial nerve, which he rightly 
considered to be due to previous degeneration ; this was confirmed 
by an earlier observation of Lancereaux. Several authors, and 
among them Bernhardt, found, in examining muscles atrophied 
by Lead-paralysis, that they were shrunken and very granular; and 
between the fibers he observed an abundant formation of con- 
nective tissue poor in nuclei,-in part, probably, the empty sheaths 
of fibers, the contents of which had disappeared."- Ziemssen. 
Blood.-"The influence of Lead on the urates in the blood is 
most singular. Dr. Garrod, in his remarkable investigations 
concerning gout, has elucidated this subject, and shown the inti- 
mate connection existing between Lead-poisoning and gout. In 
gout, as this philosophical observer has shown, the urates, prob- 
ably with increased formation, are retained in the blood. In 
gout, especially during the acute attacks, scarcely any uric acid 
is to be found in the urine, while an abundant quantity is detect- 
ible in the blood. The urates dissolved in the blood manifest 
special affinity for particular structures, as the cartilages, bursae, 
and fibrous tissues, particularly of certain parts ; and, during the 
deposition of the urates in the joints, acute inflammation is ex- 
cited. and this constitutes gout. 
"Now, Lead checks the separation of urates from the blood by 
the kidneys, diminishes the uric acid of the urine, thus greatly 
augmenting that of the blood ; and thus we have the pathological 
condition which excites the gouty inflammation. Dr. Garrod baa 
further shown-and his experience is corroborated by all who have 
investigated this subject-that gout very frequently occurs among- 
Lead-workers, and that gouty patients often exhibit the character- 
istic blue Lead line on their gums. 
"There, too, is the fact in further confirmation of Dr. Garrod's 
discoveries, that, if to a gouty person, free at the time from an acute 
attack, a salt of Lead is administered, it develops acute gout, 
with its accompanying symptoms of severe pain and high fever. 
I have repeatedly verified this fact, which affords an explanation, 742 
PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
in part at least, of the good effects of Iodide of Potassium on 
gout; since, as we have shown already, this salt promotes the ex- 
cretion of Lead."-Dr. Kinger. 
"Arthralgia Saturnina.-This is, according to Tanquerel, the 
second in frequency of the forms in which chronic Lead-poisoning 
manifests itself. In its course, there are many points of simi- 
larity with Lead colic. After prodroma similar or analogous 
to those of colic, or even without prodroma, there appear, more 
or less suddenly, tearing and burning pains, located in the region 
of the joints or of the muscles over them. These pains ex- 
hibit violent exacerbations and remissions until they completely 
disappear. They are not of a true neuralgic nature, since they 
do not follow the course of the nerves. The existence, also, of 
the characteristic pressure-points, as in the so-called joint neuro- 
ses (Esmarch), is not clearly established. The exacerbations are 
accompanied by cramps, i. e., tonic contractions of the muscles 
involved, which are very painful to the patient. These cramps 
are demonstrable by the hardening of the involved muscles and 
consequent position of the limb. The attacks are brought on by 
cold and exercise. The pains are diminished by pressure; in- 
flammatory appearances, such as swelling, etc., over the joints, 
ligaments, and tendons, are entirely wanting. 
"These pains occur by far most frequently in the lower ex- 
tremities, especially over the knee, much less often in the upper 
extremities (elbow, shoulder). The muscles most frequently at- 
tacked in the extremities, are the flexors in the legs ; and then the 
flexors in the thigh, in the bend of the hip. The same is true of 
the upper extremities; in the body, often the long dorsal muscles 
are affected, especially those in the region of the loins. In the tho- 
rax, all the muscles may be affected, and the resulting affection 
may, in severe cases, very closely resemble angina pectoris. Oc- 
casionally, the muscles of the neck are involved. The smaller 
joints and muscles about them are rarely affected. 
"A tremor of the affected muscles is often noticed. The sever- 
ity of the pain is often very great; and, under such circum- 
stances, its reaction upon the general condition of the patient is 
felt. Otherwise this symptom shows less irregularity than Lead 
colic. Constipation and the peculiar character of the pulse are 
absent, and there is no fever. 
"Its course is not unlike that of Lead colic. The pain sud- 
denly ceases after many variations and remissions, and with the 
cessation of the pain the whole affection disappears, but there is 
the same tendency to relapse."-Ziemssen. PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
743 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Digestive Organs.-"Owing to the slowness of its action, it is 
not [so well] adapted to acute cases; in chronic cases, it is indi- 
cated by speedy emaciation of the paralyzed parts, which are 
painfully contracted."-Baehr. 
"Severe colic, contracted abdomen; bending backward."-G. 
"Colic, the motor nerves are mostly affected; whereas, Colo- 
cynth attacks the sensory."-A. Lilienthal. 
"Colicky pains proceeding from the spinal cord, with sen- 
sation as if drawing in from the abdomen to the back, with great 
depression of spirits."-G. 
"Obstinate constipation, the faeces composed of lumps packed 
together like sheep's dung, with severe colic."-G. 
"But the great sphere of Lead's usefulness is to be found in its 
influence over colic, with hard abdomen, great sensitiveness, re- 
lief only obtained by bending the body forward and drawing 
up the knees ; the bowels obstinately constipated, and the abdom- 
inal walls retracted; 3d to 12th."-Dr. W. Bayes. 
Neuralgic enterodynia, with sensation of retraction of the ab- 
domen, the pains radiating to all parts of the body. 
"Stools only once in eight or ten days, of scanty black faeces, 
where expulsion caused acute suffering."-Dr. Gonzales. 
"Anus was violently constricted, drawn up."-Dr. Brambilla. 
Extremely violent pains in the umbilical region; the abdomen 
is so contracted that the navel seems to adhere to the spine. 
Complete loss of appetite, with excessive thirst. 
Very great and inextinguishable thirst. 
Nausea and vomiting, the stomach rejects everything. 
"Eructations of an offensive odor, or sour eructations."-Dr. 
Nenning. 
"Vomiting; frequent vomiting; constant vomiting, until faecal 
matter is thrown up."-Dr. Hause. [Gastro-enteritis.] 
"Vomiting of food ; vomited very much at night, especially the 
early morning."-Dr. VanTnnzelmann. [Acute and chronic gas- 
tritis.] 
"Constant vomiting of a blackish substance; faecal vomiting." 
-Dr. Richter. 
Intestinal intussusception, with faecal vomiting and great pain. 
"Pressure and tightness about the stomach.' -Dr. Zeppenjield. 
"Severe pain in the stomach, radiating to both groins, and 
striking down both limbs."-Dr. Howe. [Neuralgia.] 744 
PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
"Feeling as if a ball ascended from the epigastrium, along the- 
thorax to the throat, where it causes a feeling of suffocation; at 
such times can neither speak nor swallow, with great anxiety."- 
Dr. Tanquerel. [Globus hystericus, in gouty subjects.] 
Paralysis of the throat, with inability to swallow. 
"Violent and severe constriction of the throat."-Dr. Rabuteau. 
"Great dryness of mouth."-Dr. Hanse. [Chronic indigestion.] 
Sweetish metallic taste, from gastro-intestinal affections. 
"Margin of tongue red, with brown color down center.Dr. 
Capello. 
Dry, red, glazed tongue, in chronic gastritis. 
"Can not put out his tongue, it seems paralyzed."-Dr. Long. 
Distinct blue line along the margin of the gums, or the gums 
slate-colored from the Sulphide of Lead. 
"Fluids can be swallowed without difficulty; solids come back 
into the mouth again."-G. [Paralysis.] 
"A sensation in the abdomen, at night in bed, which causes 
the patient to stretch violently for hours together; sometimes 
she must stretch in every possible direction, or she feels that 
she must do so; the will to do so can not do it, as if from paraly- 
sis."-G. [Irritation of sentient nerves.] 
Urinary Organs.-Complete paralysis of the urinary organs 
from spinal degeneration. 
"Much troubled with the urine, in not being able to pass it, 
apparently from want of sensation to do so; the will to do so can 
not effect it, as if from paralysis."-G. 
"Urine dark colored and scanty, evacuated by drops."-Dr. 
Ledetsch. i 
"Urine dark colored, brownish, flocculent, sediment consisting 
of blood-corpuscles, and a large number of turbid cylinders."- 
Dr. Rennet. 
Urine scanty, dark brown and highly albuminous. Albumi- 
nuria is a marked symptom in Plumbism, and Lead has cured 
many cases of albuminuria. (See action on kidneys.) 
"Difficult micturition, vesical tenesmus ; ineffectual urging to 
urinate."-Dr. Tanquerel. [Chronic paralysis of the sphincter 
vesicae.] 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Impotence, the sexual desire is com- 
pletely lost, from chronic degeneration of the cord. 
"Slight provocations produce erections with emissions."-Hg. 
"Testicles drawn up-feel constricted."-Hg. 
Testicles swollen, inflamed, and painful. (Locally, Acetate.) PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
745 
Chronic gonorrhoea. (Locally and internally.) 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Lead-poisoning has a powerful 
action upon the uterus and foetus; women working in Lead fac- 
tories frequently abort. M. Paul says: "In one hundred and 
twenty-three pregnancies, seventy-three children were born dead; 
and of these, sixty-four were abortions, four premature births, 
and five born at the full time. Of fifty born alive, twenty died 
the first year, eight the second, seven the third, one later, and 
only fourteen reached the age of ten." 
Amenorrhoea on the invasion of colic is a marked symptom. 
"Menorrhagia with a sensation of a string pulling from the 
abdomen to the back."-G. [Very marked characteristic.J 
"Cessation of the menses on the invasion of colic; but they 
re-appear after the paroxysm, or not again until the next period." 
-G. [Menorrhagia at the climacteric.] 
"Leucorrhcea with a continual sense of drawing-in from the 
abdomen to the back."-G. [Chronic indigestion.] 
Vaginismus, with emaciation and constipation. 
"Feeling as if there was not room enough in the abdomen at 
night in bed, must stretch violently."-Hg. 
In female diseases, the disposition to yawn and stretch is a 
marked characteristic of Lead, with obstinate constipation. 
Milk scanty and watery, with great emaciation. 
Induration and ulceration of the mammae. (Locally.) 
Respiratory Organs.-Pressure upon the chest, with diffi- 
culty in breathing, and short, dry, nervous cough, and much 
emaciation. 
"Frequent cough with bloody expectoration."-Dr. Howe. 
"Suppuration of the lungs, with purulent expectoration."-Dr. 
Richter. 
Stitches in the chest and sides ; chronic myalgia. 
Heart.-Pulse weak and slow; generally about forty. 
"Rush of blood to the heart during a rapid walk; anguish, 
cold sweat, stitches during inspiration; hypertrophy.' -Hg. 
Anxiety about the heart, and violent palpitation (arthralgia). 
Skin.-"Jaundice ; skin, white of the eyes, urine and stool, are 
all exceedingly yellow; has nausea and vomiting; very restless 
nights, with much exhaustion."-G. 
The skin is very sensitive to the open air; chronic emaciation. 
"Dark brown spots on the skin."-Hg. [In pregnancy.] 
Richter. 746 
PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
"Burning in the ulcers; small wounds become easily inflamed 
and suppurate; gangrene."-Hg. [Of great value locally.] 
Decubitus. [Glycerole and Acetate are excellent in bed-sores.] 
Dry, withered, yellow skin; chronic gastro-enteritis. 
Locally, in Vaseline, Petrolina, or Glycerine, Lead is of great 
utility in eczema and in many forms of ulceration of the skin 
which discharge copiously; old, chronic ulcers. 
Back.-Extreme emaciation, anaemia and great weakness. 
"Tension in the neck extending to her ears when moving the 
head."- 
"Stitches in the back, small of the back, and between the 
shoulders. "-Hg. 
"Tension in the neck to the ears, on moving the head."-Lippe. 
"Chronic spinal meningitis, when the paralyzed parts soon fall 
away in flesh, and the limbs are painfully contracted."-Hah. 
Extremities.-Complete paralysis, with excessive waste of 
tissue ; or partial paralysis with rapid wasting away of the tissues, 
and obstinate constipation. 
Paralysis, anaesthesia, and hyperaesthesia, in spinal diseases. 
Arthralgic and neuralgic pains in the trunk and limbs. 
"Jerking of the limbs, with numbness of limbs."-Hermbstaedt. 
"Violent pains in the extremities, beginning in the fingers, 
extending through the arms; then beginning in the feet, and 
finally affecting the whole body."-Dr. Bachner. 
"Very numerous dilatations of the cutaneous veins of the fore- 
arm and under surface of the arm; chronic phlebitis."-ZI7. 
Wrist-drop, with trembling of hands. (Marked symptom.) 
Hands and feet cold; total want of sweat; wrist-drop. 
"Violent pain in the extremities, particularly evenings, affect- 
ing mostly the muscular part of the thigh."-Dr. Fernside. 
"Pungent pains in the limbs, worse by paroxysms, so severe 
that he cries out; greatly aggravated at night."-Orfila. 
"Pains in the limbs that rage most violently at night."-Orfila. 
"Drawing, pressive pains in the sciatic nerve, down to the 
knee, with difficult walking, and great exhaustion; with cramps 
in the calves, and feet much swollen."-Hg. 
Fetid foot-sweat. (Locally, Lead in Cosmoline.) 
Nerves.-Sclerosis of the brain, or progressive muscular atro- 
phy, alternating with the colic, and constipation. 
"Epilepsy, chronic form. Before the spell, legs heavy and 
numb; tongue swollen, followed by long-lasting stupor."-Hg. PLUMBUM METALLICUM. 
747 
Sleepy during the day, and somnolency at night. 
"Stupefaction; he falls down unconscious; vertigo on stoop- 
Great depression of spirits, especially with the colic. 
"Meningitis chronic, when the paralyzed parts soon fall away 
in flesh, the limbs become painfully contracted."-Hg. 
Cerebro-spinal meningitis, with early paralysis. 
Great disposition to yawn, with restlessness. 
"Great dryness of the hair, it falls off even in the beard."-Hg. 
"Loss of memory, so that while talking often unable to find 
the right word."-Dr. Schotter. [Softening of the brain.] 
Great heaviness of the head, intellectual torpor. 
Violent headache; the pains are excessive. 
"Headache as if a ball was rising from the throat into the 
brain."-Hg. [In chronic gastro-enteritis.] 
Eyes.-Sclerotica very yellow, and severe pain in the eyeballs 
as if too large ; in rheumatic subjects. 
"Neuritis optici; papillae swollen. Post mortem showed inter- 
stitial hyperplasia of connective tissue; the sheaths of the optic 
nerves were distended by fluid; the cerebro-spinal fluid was 
greatly increased, with brain anaemia."-Hughes. 
"Hypopyon after iritis, nightly tearing pains in the eyes."-Hg. 
"Eyeballs feel too large."-Hg. [Vision misty. Amaurosis.] 
"Paralysis of the upper lids."-Hg. 
Locally, one to two grains of the Acetate of Lead in an ounce 
of rose-water is of great value in acute, or especially chronic, 
granular conjunctivitis in children with gout. 
Aggravation.-At night, while lying in bed; from drinking; 
especially aggravated by alcohol; and motion. 
Amelioration.-From warmth, and rubbing. 748 
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 
Mandrake. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh root in October; Class III. 
Antidotes-Nux v., Lactic ac., Coloc. Lept. Salt increases its action. 
Through the abdominal sympathetic nervous system, Podophyllum 
has four special centers of action: 
1. Mucous Membranes. (Stomach; Small Intestine.) Inflam. 
II. Intestinal Canal. Drastic Cathartic; Duodenitis. 
III. Salivary Glands. Copious Salivation. 
IV. Liver. Hepatic Stimulant; Bile Greatly Increased. 
Mucous Membrane of the Stomach and especially of the 
Small Intestine.-Here we have the grand center for the action 
of Podophyllum. From six to ten hours after its administra- 
tion, it acts as a drastic cathartic, producing copious watery stools, 
and in some cases vomiting. The vomiting, I believe, is mainly 
caused from irritation of the inflamed mucous membrane of the 
stomach, and not from any specific action upon the vagi; al- 
though it may have some specific action upon the filaments of 
the pneumogastric. 
"In its action on mucous membranes, it ranks with Mercurius, 
Iris, Veratrum album, and other drastic cathartics. It is power- 
fully irritant to this tissue, especially in the digestive tract. It 
is not directly specific in its action upon the mucous membranes 
of the respiratory and urinary passages. It will, however, irri- 
tate and inflame any mucous surface when brought in contact 
with it, sometimes acting as a powerful escharotic. Of its power 
to cause inflammation of any and all portions of the mucous 
membrane, from the mouth to the anus, there can be no doubt. 
Such effects have been too often observed in practice, by all phy- 
sicians who have had an opportunity to notice its action when 
administered in material doses. It even causes ulceration of this 
tissue, and may be said to act, as Dr. Freligh asserts of Mercury, 
as a solvent of the living solids."-Dr. Hale. 
"The action of Podophyllum on the gastro-intestinal and 
hepatic system has been thoroughly investigated by Dr. Austie, PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 
749 
who has studied the action of this drug upon dogs and cats, and 
has found, that, in from two to ten hours after the injection of 
the alcoholic solution into the peritoneal cavity, and after the 
effects of the alcohol had ceased, Podophyllum excited vomiting 
and almost incessant diarrhoea. 
Dr. Austie does not usually describe the character of the 
stools; but in one experiment he states that they consisted in 
glairy mucus, and in two other experiments the stools were highly 
colored with what looked like bile. In many of the experiments, 
the stools contained blood. The animals suffered great pain and 
soon became exhausted. 
"At the post-mortem examination, the oesophagus was healthy, 
but the stomach somewhat congested-induced, as Dr. Austie 
suggests, by the violent efforts at vomiting: The small intes- 
tines, especially at the lower part of the duodenum, were exten- 
sively ulcerated. The large intestines were but slightly inflamed. 
Although the injections were poured into the abdominal cavity, 
the peritoneum itself was not at all inflamed, not even around 
some unabsorbed granules of Podophyllin. The contents of the 
intestines were liquid. In all the instances in which the effect of 
the medicine on the heart and respiration is mentioned, respira- 
tion ceased before the heart stopped. 
"From these experiments, it was evident that Podophyllin 
has an especial affinity for the small intestines, and chiefly for 
the duodenum."-Dr. Ringer. 
Dr. W. S. Searle says: "It attacks the involuntary muscles, 
particularly those of the blood-vessels which supply the alimen- 
tary canal with its adjacent and contributing organs. In this 
way it affects the kidneys, uterus, and the heart itself. Of the 
involuntary sphincters, moreover, it causes a paresis. 
"Beginning with the mouth and salivary glands, the result of 
such a paresis of the blood-vessels, would cause stasis, passive 
congestion. The capillaries are relaxed and over-distended, their 
lattice-like tissue opens, and out pour floods of serum and proto- 
plasmic masses ; epithelial activity is stimulated, and an imper- 
fect, half-elaborated, and abundant secretion is the result. The 
same conditions produce like effects in the mucous membrane and 
glands of the stomach ; and hence a similarly inefficient gastric juice 
is deluged upon the food. This, together with the directly irritant 
effect of the drug upon the surface of the stomach, induces nau- 
sea and vomiting. The same results are seen in the intestinal 
canal. It pours forth a superabundant secretion; the decompo- 
sition of the undigested food, and perhaps also the irritated 750 
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 
JAueous membrane itself, furnishes the gas which distends the 
filiestine and pains its irritated nerves, and hence the colic and 
th© flood of fsecal discharge. The involuntary sphincters are 
enfeebled, so that the rectum and vagina prolapse and the sphinc- 
ter vesicae fails to perform its whole duty." 
Dr. R. Hughes further adds: "These are very important re- 
sults ; they give us in Podophyllum another medicine to add to 
Arsenicum, Kali bichromicum, and Uranium nitricum, as acting 
specifically on the duodenum, and capable of controlling ulcera- 
tion therein. And more, they give us a remedy truly homoeo- 
pathic to enteritis, affecting the jejunum and ileum, which neither 
these nor Mercurius corrosivus are. The first enabled me once 
to cure a duodenitis which was resisting Arsenic. The latter 
shows a local affinity for the diarrhoea of typhoid, in which, and 
in simple enteritis affecting the same parts, the drug may do good 
service. 
"No action on the rectum was manifested in the animals poi- 
soned by Dr. Austie; but, in the human subject,-especially in 
children,-this part is readily affected by the drug, as shown by 
tenesmus and prolapsus recti, complicating the diarrhoea. The 
feeble affinity of Podophyllum for the colon, makes it unsuitable 
for ordinary dysentery, which has its seat there. But, when 
dysenteric diarrhoea appears to depend on inflammatory irritation 
of the rectum, it will give rapid relief. Such a malady is not 
uncommon in children, and is generally accompanied by painful 
prolapse of the rectum at each stool. In simple prolapsus ani 
from debility, in childhood, beautiful results are almost always 
obtainable from minute doses of the drug." 
Dr Moore says: "Lactic acid is an effectual antidote to its 
effects. Fifteen grains have been given and immediately after- 
ward a draught of sour milk, and the effect of it has been nil. 
Sugar antidotes it somewhat. Acetic acid does not affect it; 
but Salt greatly increases its action." 
Salivary Glands.-All writers agree that Podophyllin will 
cause salivation. The Eclectics say it will produce severe ptyal- 
ism. If the patient has ever been salivated with Mercury, Podo- 
phyllin is more apt to produce salivation with profuse How of 
saliva. 
Liver.-Podophyllin is one of the few remedies that is an 
actual and certain hepatic stimulant, increasing markedly the 
biliary secretion. The hepatic stimulants are, according to Dr. 
Rutherford, "Podophyllum, Aloes, Colchicum, Euonymin, Iridin, PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 
751 
Sanguinarin, Ipecacuanha, Jalap, Benzoate of Sodium, Sodium 
phosphate, Hydrochloric acid, Mercury, Salicylic acid, and Am- 
monium. Moderate hepatic stimulants are, Rhubarb, Leptan- 
drin, Sodium and Potassium sulphate, Calabar bean, Baptisin, 
Phytolaccin, Ammonium phosphate, Hydrastin, and Juglandin. 
Those of very feeble power are, Croton oil, Taraxacum, Scam- 
mony, Rochelle salts, Sodium chloride, Potassium bicarbonate, 
and Jaborandi." 
"Dr. Percy says: ' Soon the influence is felt in the small 
intestines, and unmistakable sensations of the secretion of bile 
are experienced.' What the nature of the sensation is that re- 
veals so important an operation, is not described; but, whatever 
it may be, we should regard it as less indicative than the 'bilious- 
looking' evacuations which are said to follow, of an increased 
discharge of bile into the intestine. The cholagogue action of 
Podophyllum is, however, maintained by numerous writers. 
Thus, Dr. Gardiner knows 'no other substance which so certainly 
produces bilious stools, when the liver is full of bile ;' and, accord- 
ing to Dr. Ward, 'it never fails in its cholagogue action,' and Dr. 
Ramskill is 'almost tempted to say that there is no real chola- 
gogue known in medicine, except Podophyllin.' 
"Admitting the facts to be as they are stated, they do not 
imply that the medicine exerts a direct action upon the liver 
any more than the salivation excited by its acrid taste proves its 
specific action upon the salivary glands. It is the physiological 
function of the liver to secrete bile more freely when the duode- 
num is irritated, and particularly when the irritation is of that 
degree and kind which occasions a copious exhalation of serum 
and mucus from the lining membrane of the upper part of the 
small intestines. The conclusion of Dr. Garrod, that Podophyllin 
'often produces actions from the bowels containing abundance of 
biliary matter, but this is probably more from its causing an 
emptying of the gall-bladder than from its augmenting the secre- 
tion of this fluid,' is certainly more correct than the hypothesis 
which attributes a true cholagogue property to Podophyllin. But, 
since the increased discharge of bile may occur without any me- 
chanical compression of the gall-bladder through the act of retch- 
ing or vomiting, we are disposed to attribute that discharge, in 
part at least, to an irritation of the duodenum."-Stille. 
Dr. Moore says: "Its direct sphere of action is on the entire 
portal system, and indirectly all other systems connected with 
that, either by nervous or vascular ties. While the liver and gall- 
bladder are directly acted upon by this medicine specifically, and 752 
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 
led by it to discharge their contents, great relief is given to the 
lungs and the brain when oppression of these vital organs is con- 
nected with inactive and irregular action of the liver. 
"Torpidity of the liver, rather than vascular, is the chief 
sphere of it; in other words, a non-secretory state, or a state of 
non-expulsion of the secretion of bile, is the indication for it, and 
this state is indicated by sallow complexion, furred tongue, and 
constipation. 
"The curative dose in such cases must be brought near the 
physiological; viz., the 10th, 5th, or 4th of a grain, given once or 
twice a day." 
Dr. Hale says: "I believe Podophyllum to be a direct stimu- 
lant of the liver. The primary action of Podophyllum is generally 
to cause vomiting and diarrhoea of undoubted bilious matters. I 
have examined, with the most improved chemical tests, the stools 
caused by Podophyllum in cases of jaundice, which, before its 
administration, were completely free from bile, and found that 
the green color was actually due to that secretion. The patient 
felt the action of the drug upon the liver before it nauseated or 
caused any intestinal irritation. . . . The powerfully irritat- 
ing effect which this drug has upon the secretory functions of the 
liver, enables it to cause such excessive action as may pass over 
into passive congestion, chronic inflammation, suspension of 
function from exhaustion, suspension of biliary secretion, and 
even retention of that fluid." 
Gall-bladder.-I believe that Podophyllum so increases the 
expulsive power, or peristaltic action, of the gall-bladder, and 
especially that of its duct, as to produce actual vomiting of gall 
into the intestinal canal, and that this is the reason of its great 
utility in the expulsion of gall-stones and inspissated bile. To 
get this expulsive action with the increased secretion of bile, we 
must give toxic doses of from one-half a grain to five grains of 
Podophyllin; but usually about one to two grains will be found 
sufficient. 
Drs. Rutherford and Vignal say: "Podophyllin, when injected 
into the duodenum of a fasting dog, increases the secretion of 
bile. It is inferred that the increased biliary flow in the preced- 
ing experiments was due to increased secretion, and not merely to 
expulsion, because the gall-bladder had been well emptied by 
compression, and the cystic duct had been clamped. Moreover, 
the increased flow was far too prolonged in some of the experi- 
ments to be attributable to spasms of the larger bile-ducts; there- 
fore an increase in the secretion must have been the case. When PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 
753 
the bile is prevented from entering the intestine, Podophyllin acts 
less powerfully and less quickly than when bile is introduced. 
Augmentation of the biliary secretion is most marked when the 
purgative effect is not severe; indeed, if the purgative action be 
very decided, diminution and not augmentation of the biliary 
secretion may be the chief result. Podophyllin purgation is 
apparently due to local action; for the irritation of the intestinal 
mucous membrane extends gradually from above downward. 
The bile secreted under the influence of Podophyllin, although it 
may be in increased quantity, contains as much of the special bil- 
iary matter as bile secreted under normal conditions." 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Abdomen and Stool.-The great characteristic for Podo- 
phyllin is morning diarrhoea; stools watery, green, undigested or 
slimy, with severe colic, and prolapsus ani. Sulphur has the 
same, without the pain, but has marked and excessive excoriation 
of the anus added; goneness in epigastrium. 
Severe colic every morning, with stools of mucus and blood. 
"Diarrhoea early in the morning, which continues through fore- 
noon, followed by a natural stool in evening."-Dr. Williamson. 
Liquid-green stools with colic, early morning, with fainting. 
"Black stools, only in morning."-Hale. [Chronic diarrhoea.] 
"Dysenteric diarrhoea, depending upon inflammatory irritation 
of rectum."-Hughes. [More useful in diarrhoea than dysentery.] 
"Severe straining during stool, with emission of much flatu- 
lence ; mucous stools, with spots and streaks of blood; thirst but 
no appetite."-Dr. E. P. Angell. 
"Diarrhceic and dysenteric stools; pain preceding an evacua- 
tion, relieved by pressure."-Dr. C. Miller. [Cholera infantum.] 
"Yellow, watery stools, with meal-like sediment."-Dr. Fair- 
banks. 
"Stools watery, gushing, profuse green, with sudden urging, 
often painless; offensive, worse in hot weather."-Hah. [In chol- 
era infantum in very hot weather, Podophyllum is of great value.] 
"Stools chalk-like, offensive, with gagging; clay-colored ; black, 
watery, profuse; worse mornings."-Dr. Farrington. [Fainting.] 
Constipation, stools clay-colored; for want of bile, with an 
excessively torpid liver; jaundice and great languor. 
The first remedy to be thought of in prolapsus ani; especially 
if there are haemorrhoids and morning diarrhoea. 
"Child lying upon mother's lap, moaning, eyes half closed; 
rolling head ; stools offensive and dark colored."-Dr. C. C. Smith. PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 
754 
"Prolapsus ani, particularly following parturition; accom- 
panied with exhaustive, frequent stools, worse mornings."-Raue. 
"Enteritis folliculosa; larger stools than are to be expected 
from the amount of the ingesta taken, with excessive fetor."-Dr. 
E. A. Lodge. [Cholera infantum.] 
Colic of a high grade; the pain originating from a depraved 
and excessive secretion caused by a morbid state of solar plexus. 
"The pains in the abdomen and back are worse during stool, 
and continue after."-S. Lilienthal. [Enteritis.] 
"Flatulence during dentition, with green, soui' stools in the 
morning."-G. 
Diarrhoea with sensation as if everything would drop through 
the pelvis, with great sinking at the epigastrium. 
"Sensation of heat in the bowels accompanying stool."-Dr. 
Williamson. 
Liver.-Vomiting with very severe spasms of the stomach; 
vomits bilious matter mixed with blood; gastro-enteritis. 
"Biliousness, with nausea, giddiness ; bitter taste and risings ; 
tendency to bilious vomiting and purging, dark urine."-Hughes. 
"The patient is constantly rubbing and shaking with his hands, 
the hypochondriac region."-Dr. Williamson. 
"Food turns sour, with belching of hot flatus, which is very 
sour."-Raue. 
"The disturbance of the nervous ganglia is only in consequence 
of the excessive hepatic action."-S. Lilienthal. 
"Jaundice with hyperaemia of liver; fullness, soreness, pain, 
alternate constipation and diarrhoea."-Hg. [Malarial districts.] 
Hollow, sinking sensation in epigastrium; portal congestion. 
Gall-Stones.-It has an extensive reputation for the expulsion 
of gall-stones. The calculi are removed by the excessive amount 
of bile secreted, and the increased peristaltic action of the gall- 
bladder and cystic duct, vomiting, as it were, the foreign body. 
To get this action, toxic doses must be given of the active princi- 
ple, Podophyllin, in from one.to five grain doses. Preceding the 
exhibition of Podophyllin, Olive oil should be taken three times a 
day for one week, in large quantities, at least one-half a pint at a 
time, and more if it can be taken. With the Podophyllin, one to 
two drachms of Chloroform may be combined with great useful- 
ness. If the Podophyllin does not expel the biliary calculi on 
first trial, precede its administration with a large dose of Calomel 
(from ten to twenty grains), and the second attempt will bring 
the desired reward. PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. 
755 
Mouth and Stomach.-"A feeling as if the tongue, and some- 
times the throat and the palate, had been burned."-E. A. 
Murphy, M. D. 
Tongue full and broad, with a pasty coat in the center, and 
shows imprints of teeth, from portal congestion. 
Tongue red, with uniformly erect papillae; gastro-enteritis. 
Foul, offensive breath, with a putrid taste, and salivation. 
Total loss of taste, could not tell sweet from sour. 
Great thirst for large quantities of cold water; gastritis. 
Great desire to press the gums and teeth together, in cholera 
infantum. 
Head.-"Rolling of the head, with moaning in sleep, eyelids 
half closed."-Dr. Miller. [Hydrocephaloid.] 
Hydrocephaloid diseases of children after cholera infantum. 
Great despondency from bilious and bowel troubles. 
Vertigo from gastric and bilious diseases; indigestion. 
Great loquacity; sweats profusely while sleeping. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Sensation as if genitals would 
come out during stool, with chronic diarrhoea. 
Delayed menstruation, with ovarian pains. 
Prolapsus uteri after over-lifting; after labor; prolapsus ani. 
"Dull, unpleasant pain or weight in the hypogastric region." 
-Dr. Scudder. [From prolapsus uteri.] 
Extremities.-"Sharply defined ache in the sacro-ischiatie 
foramina, with tenderness on pressure."-Dr. Scudder. [Sciatic 
rheumatism.] 
"Let a patient complain of pain in the course of the ulnar 
nerve, and I always think of Podophyllin."-Dr. Scudder. 
"Fullness of the superficial veins."-Dr. Scudder. 
Fever.-Bilious fever, with much vomiting of bile; bilious 
diarrhoea ; tongue coated yellow, and great thirst. 
Intermittent fever where bilious symptoms predominate. 
Great headache; excessive thirst; falls asleep and perspires 
profusely. 
Aggravation.-In the morning, from 2 to 4 o'clock, and 
from cold. 
Amelioration.-In the evening; from external warmth. 756 
POLYPORUS OFFICINALIS. 
POLYPORES OFFICINALIS. 
Larch Agaric. 
Habitat: Europe, America. Tincture of the fresh fungi. Class III. 
The Polyporus pinicola, being so similar in its action, is included 
under the above heading. Through the abdominal sympathetic, Polypo- 
rus has three special centers of action : 
I. Gastro-Intes. C. Cong.; Stools Watery, Mucous, and Bloody. 
II. Liver. Congestion; Torpidity; Jaundice. 
III. Cerebro-Spinal System. Effects Similar to Malaria 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-Polyporus acts upon the mucous 
follicles of the whole gastro-intestinal canal, affecting more par- 
ticularly those of the small intestines, increasing their secretions, 
and causing the watery portion of the blood to be poured out into 
the intestinal canal so as to produce not only mushy but copious 
watery stools. It also affects the large intestines, as shown by 
the mucous and bloody stools, and has been found very useful in 
diarrhoea and dysentery, especially of a chronic form. 
Liver.-This is the grand and special center for the action of 
Polyporus. There are congestion and torpidity, with all the ac- 
companying symptoms. The hepatic cells do not perform their 
function, that of eliminating the excrementitious substances of 
the blood; consequently we have jaundice, great languor, and 
a dull, sleepy condition. The solid constituents of the bile are 
increased, and the fluid portion diminished. In diseases thatz 
call for this drug, the bilious symptoms must predominate. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Fever.-The functions of the solar plexus are so influenced as 
to produce regular periodical fever; type quotidian or tertian; 
better in the quotidians. 
Sporadic and endemic (not epidemic) intermittents, in the 
spring, summer, or winter, are the cases that call for this remedy. 
During apyrexia, the patient is far from being well; has head- 
ache ; bitter taste in the mouth; tongue coated white or yellow; POLYPORUS OFFICINALIS. 
757 
loss of appetite, and, more or less, pains in the abdominal viscera, 
especially the liver, with great lassitude. 
Head feels light and hollow, with deep frontal headache and 
much faintness; in malarial intermittents. 
Chills alternate with the fever several times a day. 
Thirst not excessive; often has nausea and vomiting. 
Intermissions very short; almost continued fever. 
More or less organic lesions of the liver and abdominal vis- 
cera ; the skin very much jaundiced, with night sweats. 
Chill light and short; fever long, and followed by slight per- 
spiration. In some cases, the perspiration is copious. 
Great languor, with severe aching pains in the large joints, and 
bones of the back and legs, from malaria. 
Great aching distress in all the large joints; malarial fever. 
More adapted to endemic sub-acute and chronic cases. 
Periodical headache and facial neuralgia from torpid liver. 
Sick-headache, from organic lesions of the liver. 
Hectic chills and fever in phthisis, with copious night sweats. 
Digestive Organs.-Perfect loss of appetite; pale and anaemic. 
(From chronic malaria.) 
Sometimes has ravenous appetite; but more often none. 
Feeling in the epigastric region of great faintness or all-gone 
feeling, probably from biliousness. 
Burning distress in stomach, with dragging pains in the liver. 
The aching pains in the region of the liver were very severe, 
and extended over the whole dorsal region ; portal congestion. 
Constant distress in the umbilicus, with a feeling as if the 
small intestines wrere being tied in knots ; summer diarrhoea. 
Sudden distress in the hypogastric region, with great desire 
for stool; light-colored, papescent stool, followed by dragging, 
pains in the liver, and sinking in epigastrium. 
Lienteria ; stools undigested ; chronic anaemia. 
Loose, papescent stools without pain; chronic diarrhoea. 
Stools of pure mucus; or mucus, blood, and bile, with great 
faintness and distress in the solar plexus after stool, from portal 
congestion. (Marked characteristic.) 
In chronic diarrhoea and dysentery, many physicians have had 
fine results. It closely resembles Leptandra. 
Stools that run from the bowels with great force, composed of 
bile, mucus, and black faecal matter, preceded by great burning 
pain and distress in the epigastrium, right lobe of liver, and um- 
bilicus, and followed by the same symptoms of portal congestion. 758 
PSORINUM. 
Urine.-Very high colored and scanty (bilious) urine. 
Generalities.-Great physical prostration; the patient can 
hardly stand up. 
Feels weak and depressed, and indisposed to any exertion, 
physical or mental. (From malaria or chronic diarrhoea.) 
All the joints of the body and limbs ache terribly. 
Great disposition to yawn and stretch, showing that the pos- 
terior portion of the cord is much involved. 
Very restless and uneasy all night; the sleep is disturbed by 
bad dreams, from indigestion. *. 
Phthisis, with copious night sweats and watery diarrhoea. 
The patient can not bear the open air, it makes him so chilly; 
takes cold from the least damp change. 
In chronic bowel diseases and bilious intermittents, is found 
the most useful sphere for Polyporus. (Excellent in jaundice and 
biliousness.) 
Aggravation.-Morning and forenoon. 
Amelioration.-Eating, from acids, and at night. 
PSORINUM. 
Psora Sicca. 
The sero-purulent matter contained in the Scabies vesicle. Trituration. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Psorin has two special 
■centers of action: 
I. Lymphatic Glandular System. Acrid Secretions. 
II. Cerebro-Spinal System. Profound Debility. 
Lymphatic System.-The lymphatics of the skin and limbs 
seem to be mostly affected by this remedy. It also produces pro- 
found debility of the animal nervous system, vitiating the blood 
and producing a cachectic dyscrasia generally. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
General Indications.-Diseases where Sulphur is indicated 
but fails to act. PSORINUM. 
759 
"When well-chosen remedies do not act, and the patient shows 
a psoric taint, give Psorin."-Hg. 
"Great weakness; debility from loss of fluids, or remaining 
after severe acute diseases."-Lippe. [Of great value.] 
"Its great field is debility, independent of any organic disease." 
-J. B. Bell. 
Head.-"He is anxious, full of fear, and melancholic."-Hah. 
"Very much depressed; very irritable, and thinks always of 
dying."-Hah. 
"The patient is hopeless, and despairing of recovery."-Lippe. 
"Vertigo with headache."-Lippe. [Head full and heavy.] 
Great congestion of the brain, relieved by nosebleed.] 
"Pains all through the head, as if a hammer were beating in 
the head."-Hah. 
"Fullness of the head during mental labor."-Hah. 
"Chronic headache, aggravated at every change, in the night 
while sleeping; she is awakened with pain."-W. P. Wesselhoeft. 
"Headache as if from a heavy blow on the forehead, waking 
him at night."-Lippe. [Humid, fetid eruptions on head. 
"Headache as if the brain was too large for the skull, in the 
mornings, relieved by washing."-Hah. 
"Dry, or moist, fetid, loathsome eruptions on the head."-Hah. 
Pimples and ulcers on the face, in young people. 
Corners of the mouth sore; often ulcerate. 
Eyes.-"The eyes become gummy."-Hah. [Chronic ophthal- 
mia.] 
"Fiery sparks before the eyes."-Hah. [Aversion to light.] 
Ears.-"Otorrhoea, with discharge of fetid pus."-Hah. 
"Dry coryza, with obstruction of tough mucus in the nose."- 
Hah. [Often accompanied with chronic non-suppurative catarrh 
of the middle.ear.] 
Digestive Organs.-"Great hunger without appetite."-Hah. 
"Eructations tasting like rotten eggs."-Hah. 
"Constant nausea during the day, inclination to vomit."-Hah. 
"Pains in the abdomen after eating; flatulency and tendency to 
diarrhoea, relief when flatus passes off."-Dr. Gross. [Secretions 
very fetid.] 
Stools liquid, mucous, or bloody, and excessively fetid ; cholera 
infantum. 
"Very offensive dark brown, fetid stools."-P. P. Wells, M. D. 
"Stool dark brown, very fluid and foul-smelling."-Hah. 760 
PSORINUM. 
"Green bilious diarrhoea, mixed with mucus."-Dr. Gross. 
"Unpleasant burning in rectum."-Dr. Gross. [Haemorrhoids.] 
Sexual Organs, Male.-No sexual desire, with aversion tO' 
coitus. 
"Impotence, want of emission during coitus."-Hah. 
Chronic blenorrhoea (gleet), or chronic prostatitis. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses delayed and scanty. 
Fetid, lumpy leucorrhoea, with great debility. 
"During pregnancy; congestions; foetus moves too violently ; 
abdomen tympanitic ; nausea and vomiting."-Jig. 
"Mammae swollen and painful; pimples oozing an acrid fluid 
that burns and excoriates the glands."-Hg. [Secretions very 
acrid.] 
Respiratory Organs.-"Suffocation and crawling sensation 
in the larynx, producing a paroxysmal, dry, hacking cough."-Hah. 
"Dry, hard cough, from tickling in the trachea."-Hah. 
"Dry, hard cough, with sensation of great weakness in the 
chest."-Hah. 
"Cough, with expectoration of green mucus; especially in the 
morning when waking up, and evenings; it sticks firmly, raised 
with great difficulty."-Hah. 
"Great want of breath in the fresh air."-Hah. 
Anxious dyspnoea with palpitation, in hydrothorax. 
Asthma ; chest expands with great difficulty, worse from sitting. 
"Cutting as of knives in the chest, or as if everything were 
torn."-Hah. 
"Ulcerative pain in chest under the sternum."-Hah. 
"The glands of the neck swollen on both sides; painful to the 
touch as if bruised."-Hah. [Chronic induration of lymphatics.] 
Back.-"Excessive backache."-Hah. 
"When breathing, frequent stitches from the back toward 
chest."-Hah. 
"Great weakness and pain in the small of the back."-Hah. 
Typhoid fever, where profound debility is a marked symptom.. 
Limbs.-"Weakness in all the joints as if they would not hold 
together."-Hah. 
"Tearing pains in the arms."-Hg. [Chronic rheumatism.] 
"Trembling of the hands."-Hah. [In spinal affections.] 
"Pain in hip-joints as if dislocated, worse when walking."-Hg. 
"Pain in legs, especially on tibia, and soles of feet, as from 
over-exertion in walking; legs very restless."-Ha A. PSORINUM. 
761 
"Malaise ; he feels tired out; little labor exhausts him."-Hah. 
Skin.-"Inveterate cases of itch; repeated outbreaks of single 
pustules after the main eruption seems gone."-Hg. 
"Urticaria after suppressed itch, comes after every exertion." 
-Raue. 
"Dry, tetter-like eruptions in the hollow of the knees."-Raue. 
"Moist,itching condylomata."-G. 
"On the face, hands, back, and legs, an itch-like eruption ap- 
pears, of vesicles filled with lymph; painful to touch."-Hah. 
"Eruption of vesicles, quickly filling with yellow lymph ; pain- 
ful like sores to the touch."-Hah. 
"Itching over the body; when rubbed, papules and vesicles 
arise."-Hah. 
"Profuse colliquative night sweats."-Lippe. [From debility.] 
"Profuse perspiration from the least exertion, and at night, 
with great debility."-J. B. Bell. 
Copious perspirations from exercise, or night sweats in cachectic 
conditions, with profound debility; and the patient is troubled 
with much chilliness, after weakening diseases. 
Aggravation.-From motion and evenings. 
Amelioration.-Morning, and during rest. 762 
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
Wind Flower. 
Habitat: Europe, etc. Tincture of the whole fresh plant, Class I. 
Antidotes.-Ign., Nux vom., Cofif., Cham., Aeon., Bell., Merc., Acids. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Pulsatilla has twelve 
special centers of action: 
L. Mucous Membranes. Catarrhal Inflamma.; Mucorrhoea. 
II. Eyes. Catarrhal Inflammation; Copious Mucorrhoea. 
III. Ears. Sub-acute Inflamma.; Catarrhal Deafness; Otalgia. 
IV. Stomach. Indigestion; Acidity; Yellow-Coated Tongue. 
V. Intestines. Flatulence; Passive Mucous Diarrhoea. 
VI. Urinary 0. Catarrhal Inflammation; Mucus in Urine. 
VII. Sexual 0., Male. Orchitis; Varicocele; Neuralgia. 
VIII. Sexual 0., Female. Ovaritis; Scanty, Late Menstruation. 
IX. Venous System. Acute Varicosis. 
X. Synovial Membranes. Rheumatico-Gouty Inflammation. 
XI. Skin. Urticaria; Miliary Eruption. 
XII. Cord (Posterior.) Chilliness; Hyperiesthesia; Neuralgia. 
Mucous Membranes.-Pulsatilla is in the hands of the Ho- 
moeopathic physician more often than any other remedy in our 
Materia Medica, and has made more cures than any other one 
used. This being a fact, its medicinal action should be by so much 
the more thoroughly studied. Its action upon all of the mucous 
membranes is, first, to produce a catarrhal inflammation, with 
unnatural dryness of the surface, which is soon followed by copi- 
ous and profuse mucous discharges, rarely going on to ulceration. 
If these discharges are suddenly arrested, the serous and fibrous 
tissues take on an active inflammation. Its effects are erratic in 
nature; a blenorrhoea of one mucous surface may change to 
another; for instance, a leucorrhcea may change to a bronchitis 
or a conjunctivitis. 
"In the mucous membranes, Pulsatilla sets up the catarrhal 
process. The dry stage is short and little marked (except some- PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
763 
times in the respiratory tract); and much mucous secretion is the 
rule. As symptoms of this condition, the pathogenesis gives us, 
in the alimentary canal, raw throat; tongue furred white; breath 
fetid; taste deadened or variously altered (bitter, sour, salt, even 
putrid); foul or acid eructations, nausea, and inclination to 
vomit; sensation as if the stomach were spoiled, weight and pres- 
sure in the stomach, and mucous diarrhoea; in the respiratory tract, 
green or yellow discharge from the nose, and cough with much 
expectoration (often tasting salt or bitter); in the urinary mucous 
membrane, frequent micturition, with tenesmus, and a jelly-like 
sediment in the urine."-Hughes. 
Eyes.-"Pulsatilla manifests its affinity for the eyes mainly by 
affecting the lids, which it inflames greatly, causing them to be 
agglutinated in the morning, and to pour out quantities of mucus. 
It causes also, however, considerable aching pain in the eyeballs, 
and many disturbances of vision. Temporary obstructions often 
occur, fiery circles or haloes are seen; and after sleep there is a 
feeling as if something were hanging over the cornea which could 
be wiped away. The sensation is only subjective, and disappears 
spontaneously. 
"It was for diseases of the eyes, as I have said, that Pulsatilla 
was first brought prominently forward by Stoerck. The more 
modest claims to service here warranted by our experiments can 
amply be sustained. Pulsatilla is most useful in affections of the 
lids. In recent blepharophthalmia, with profuse lachrymation and 
Meibomian secretion, it is the best medicine. It will blight a stye 
almost as effectually as Belladonna will a boil; but it will not pre- 
vent their tendency to recur. For the twitching of the eyelids, 
with dazzling of sight, I know of no remedy so useful as Pulsa- 
tilla. The aching of the eyeballs produced by Pulsatilla is rather 
such as occurs in some forms of headache than-in an idiopathic 
affection. "-Hughes. 
Ears.-"The ears suffer from the action of Pulsatilla even 
more than the eyes do. In some provers, the concha and exter- 
nal meatus were inflamed, with purulent discharge. In others, 
deafness, generally with noises of various kinds, was present. 
The seat of the latter symptom is indicated by Dr. W. H. Burt, 
who suffered from 'snapping noises in the ears, and drawing 
pains along the right Eustachian tube.' Others yet suffered from 
more pain in the ear, generally of a jerking character. 
"Few medicines are used in our practice in affections of the 
ears more frequently than Pulsatilla. Its curative virtues are 764 
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
most evident in the earache which so often troubles children; 
and which is generally a sub-acute inflammation of the middle 
ear; and in recent catarrhal deafness with noises in the ears. 
But it has also been used with good results in acute inflamma- 
tion of the auricle and meatus, in neuralgia of the nerves of the 
ear, and in non-scrofulous otorrhoea with deafness, when the dis- 
charge is thick."-Hughes. 
Digestive Organs.-On the organs of digestion, an overdose 
of Pulsatilla causes nausea, vomiting, and mucous stools. 
"It is probable that the secretions of the stomach and small 
intestine are modified, since digestion is so decidedly retarded by 
the action of Pulsatilla, and presents so many abnormal features, 
such as perverted taste, regurgitation of food or flavor, flatus, 
pain, etc., as well as that of the lower intestine, as witness the 
stool covered with mucus, and the mucous diarrhoea."-Dunham. 
"Pulsatilla plays an important part in gastric disorders. In 
dyspepsia, whether acute or chronic, the prominence of mucous 
derangement-i. e., white tongue, nausea with little vomiting and 
absence of much pain-indicates the medicine in preference to 
others, such as Nux vomica. The tongue calling ,for Pulsatilla 
is thickly coated with a white, roughish fur, very different from 
the milky white of Antimonium crudum, or the yellowish-brown 
of Kali bichromicum. The acute dyspepsia in which Pulsatilla 
is generally curative, arises from the indigestion of fat or other 
rich food, as the pork specified by Hahnemann. In chronic gas- 
tric disorders, it does better when heartburn than when water- 
brash is present, in which it again contrasts with Nux. But Dr. 
Marston says, that, when the fluid of water-brash is sour or foul 
tasting, Pulsatilla is quite equal to its removal. Dr. Bayes con- 
siders the drug especially indicated in dyspepsia with a great 
feeling of tightness after a meal, so that the clothes must be re- 
moved or loosened. [The indication noted by Dr. Bayes is the 
most characteristic of Pulsatilla.] The diarrhoea for which Pul- 
satilla is suitable is a passive mucous flux, with little pain, 
occurring chiefly at night."-Hughes. 
Urinary Organs.-We have increased blood-pressure in the 
kidneys, followed by copious watery urine; or catarrhal inflam- 
mation of the kidneys and bladder, with copious mucous dis- 
charges ; brown, and voided with great difficulty. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-In the male, we have acute orchitis, 
with inflammation of the spermatic cord. Varicocele is also one PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
765 
of the effects of this drug. "In the male subject, you will find it 
invaluable in acute orchitis, however caused; and in prostatitis, 
with Thuja. It is one of the medicines (with Graphites and Rho- 
dodendron) which have cured hydrocele."-Hughes. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-This is the most useful field for 
the use of Pulsatilla. Its action upon the ovaries, uterus, and 
mammae, is most wonderful. Although the drug, pathologically 
speaking, does not show many changes, therapeutically, no one 
remedy can equal it. "Its fullest powers are displayed in the 
female organism. When, in girls of mild disposition, puberty is 
unduly delayed, or the menstrual function is defectively and 
irregularly performed; when they grow pale and languid, and 
complain of headache, chilliness, and lassitude, Pulsatilla, with 
or without Ferrum, is a most excellent remedy. When the 
menses have been suppressed by a chill, if the time for Aconite 
has gone by, Pulsatilla will generally restore the discharge. This 
property of the drug, Stoerck had indicated. I believe it to be as 
good a remedy for ovaritis as it is for orchitis, and far superior 
to most of those ordinarily recommended. In simple mucous 
leucorrhoea, it is often curative; and in dysmenorrhoea, when the 
little blood that flows is black and coagulated, and when dysen- 
teric diarrhoea is apt to appear at the periods. It presides in a 
most beautiful way over the function of parturition. Given daily 
for a month or so previously, it greatly facilitates the process in 
women whose labors are tedious and difficult. In labor itself, 
when the pains are irregular, tardy, and defective, yet Ergot is 
hardly called for, Pulsatilla will often do good service. And 
there are several cases recorded, which leave little doubt but that, 
in false presentations, Pulsatilla favors spontaneous version; 
which, it must be remembered, sometimes occurs of itself, and 
may therefore well be aided by a specific medicine. [I have had 
two well-marked cases where Pulsatilla changed a side presenta- 
tion to that of the head, within two hours of its administration.] 
After labor, it is very useful in promoting the secretion of milk, 
when this is deficient. Altogether, the weaker sex has much for 
which to thank Homoeopathy in its gift of Pulsatilla. 
"Dr. Bayes, whose article on Pulsatilla is one of the best in his 
book, speaks of its predominating action on the left side of the 
body, and recommends it accordingly in clavus, hemicrania, and 
infra-mammary pain having this seat. He also advises it in con- 
stitutional disturbance in children, associated with copious excre- 
tion of urate of ammonia in the urine, an experience which I have 
often confirmed."-Hughes. 766 
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
Pulsatilla produces an atonic state of the ovaries, with much 
hypergesthesia, scanty and delayed menstruation, and a general 
tendency to neuralgia. From its therapeutic use, we are perfectly 
satisfied that it produces congestion, inflammation, and hyper- 
trophy of the ovaries, with all their attending symptoms. 
Through the excito-motor nervous system, Pulsatilla produces 
a state of the nervous system identical with hysteria; and it has 
proved of great value in this condition. 
Venous System.-On this system, it has a special action, 
causing a state similar to varicosis. "In affections of the veins, 
Pulsatilla occupies much the same ground as Hamamelis. It is 
superior to that medicine in crural phlebitis following parturition, 
but yields to it in venous hemorrhages. In piles and other vari- 
coses,-as of the spermatic cord or the lower extremity,-Pulsa- 
tilla will act well when the general condition of the patient seems 
to call for its use. It is recommended even in dilatation of the 
right ventricle."-Dr. R. Hughes. 
Synovial Membranes.-"Pulsatilla seems to fall just short of 
the true serous membranes, but compensates itself by acting 
powerfully upon their near relatives, the synovial membranes. 
The joints chiefly affected are the knees, the ankles, and the 
small joints of the hands and (most especially) the feet. The 
rheumatico-gouty action thus displayed is also manifested in 
pains of divers kinds in the nape of the neck and extremities. 
"The action of Pulsatilla upon the joints has led to its use in 
suitable forms of gout and rheumatism. The disorder of digestion 
which lies at the foundation of gout is just that to which Pulsatilla 
corresponds. Hence, it is well calculated to effect radical benefit 
in recent cases of this malady. In the paroxysm itself, it is gen- 
erally superseded by Colchicum; though I know of one case in 
which the timely administration of Pulsatilla has several times 
seemed to blight an incipient attack. It is said to be indicated 
especially when the pains fly from place to place. In sub-acute 
rheumatism, with little or no fever, occurring in delicate persons, 
it is extremely useful, especially when the knees, ankles, or small 
joints of the hands and feet, are affected. In idiopathic inflam- 
mations of these joints, moreover, Pulsatilla is the best remedy 
while the mischief is yet recent. But, perhaps, the form of Ar- 
thritis to which Pulsatilla most closely corresponds is rheumatic 
gout, using this term to signify the independent malady so named. 
Dr. Fuller has pointed out the much preponderating frequency 
with which the female sex is invaded by this disorder, and its inti- mate relations with menstrual derangement. Pulsatilla is almost 
a specific in its acute form, and, even in chronic cases, may some- 
times be given with advantage in the 6th or 12th dilutions."-Dr. 
R. Hughes. 
Skill.-"It causes eruptions on the back, legs, and ankles, of a 
dark bluish-red color, attended, through the day, with more or 
less itching; but at night the itching is most intolerable. The 
eruption stands out prominently from the skin, and is from the 
size of a three-cent piece down to a miliary eruption resembling 
measles. Urticaria is a marked symptom of Pulsatilla."-Hale. 
Spinal Cord.-By its action on the excito-motor nerves, it 
causes a state of erethism, twitching, tremors, and the motions 
of the body are perverted. 
Through the nerves of sensation, it causes frequent chilliness, 
especially in the afternoon, hyperaesthesia, and neuralgia, espe- 
cially of the organs of generation and of the bowels. 
Dr. I. S. P. Lord says: "Pulsatilla is decidedly and emphati- 
cally a posterior-spinal irritant, and hence, through the sensory 
nerves, has more intimate relations with the sympathetic system 
than any other spinal irritant. It seems to reach over into the 
sympathetic, as does Arsenicum into the spinal. It has, besides, 
some specific action on the pneumogastric nerve, and upper sym- 
pathetic ganglia. It seems to act specifically on the anterior part 
of the cerebrum, at the base of the brain; hence the sensation of 
falling." 
"Pulsatilla, in common with some of its analogues, has a spe- 
cific power to cause those reflex irritations of the nervous system 
which we so often see in disease. It may induce nausea and 
vomiting by its action on the uterus; palpitation of the heart, 
from this and other causes; functional affections of the eyes, 
amaurosis and the like, from distant irritations; vertigo, head- 
ache, toothache, paralytic sensations in the extremities, etc., all 
from causes remote from the apparent seat of the disease."-Hale. 
Lethal doses of Anemonin cause hebetude of mind, stupor, 
coma, dilated pupils, and convulsions. The heart's action is low- 
ered, and the temperature is reduced. 
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
767 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
General Indications.-Pulsatilla is especially adapted to 
females with blue eyes, very affectionate, easily excited to tears, 
with fitful moods, of a very yielding disposition, lymphatic con- 
stitution, roundness of form, and inclined to quiet grief. 768 
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
The stereotyped doctrine taught, that Pulsatilla is not useful 
in choleric, sanguine, malicious, irritable temperaments, who are 
energetic in their movements, is a great error, and led me astray 
for years. I believe Pulsatilla acts as well in one as it does in the 
other. When the symptoms call for this drug, the temperament 
must not mislead the prescriber. 
Mind.-"She is timid and fearful, and yet extremely mild, gen- 
tle, and yielding; sometimes silent and melancholy, with bad 
taste in the mouth in the morning; nothing tastes good."-G. 
"She weeps very easily, can hardly give her symptoms with- 
out weeping."-G. 
"Very tearful; she weeps at everything, whether joyful or sor- 
rowful."-G. 
"The forms of her symptoms are very changeable; she is very 
well one hour, and very miserable the next."-G. [Hysterical.] 
"Hypochondriac; is out of sorts with everything."-Hah. 
"Ill-humored and discontented all day; fretful and without 
appetite."-Hah. 
"Shuns business, is irresolute, with sighing respiration, and a 
feeling as if beside himself; can not think of business."-Hah. 
"The disposition to weep is certainly a strong indication for 
Pulsatilla; but two errors must be guarded against, in accepting 
and applying it. In the first place, it must not be considered 
that a lively disposition, and even a considerable amount of 
spirits and will, contra-indicate Pulsatilla. Laughter and tears 
come often with equal readiness."-Z). 
"As the pains increase, the peculiar mental and moral Pulsa- 
tilla state is more pronounced; the patient loses courage and gets 
despondent, and inclines to tears, and, as the pains diminish, the 
spirits rise."-D. 
"Wide awake in the evening, does not want to go to bed; first 
sleep restless; sound sleep when it is time to get up; wakes lan- 
guid and not refreshed."-D. [Indigestion.] 
" She can not sleep in the early part of the evening, but sleeps 
late in the morning."-G. [Very characteristic.] 
Head.-Sick-headache from suppression of the menses, or 
from some menstrual or gastric disorder. 
"Semilateral headache, with bad taste in the mouth in the 
morning, without thirst, with nightly diarrhoea and scanty men- 
struation."-G. [Chronic dyspepsia.] PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
769 
"The headache is chiefly in the forehead and supra-orbital 
region, and in the temples ; pains heavy, bursting, and throbbing; 
aggravated by mental exertion, stooping, and evening."-D. 
"Headache as if one had eaten too much, or as if the stomach 
had been disordered by being overloaded with fat meat."-Hah. 
"Throbbing headache, relieved by external pressure."-Hah. 
"Dull headache, like a bruised sensation in forehead."-Hah. 
"Headache in the evening, as in stopped catarrh, with slight 
fever."-Hah. 
"Vertigo, especially while sitting, as if caused by intoxication." 
-Hah. 
"Vertigo in the morning, on rising from bed, compelled to lie 
down again."-Hah. 
"Vertigo on stooping, as if he would fall down, inclination to 
vomit."-Hah. 
The vertigo of Pulsatilla comes on mostly while sitting, is 
relieved by walking, and in the open air; caused by indigestion. 
"The headache in which I have found Pulsatilla of great use 
(6th or 12th), is characterized by violent pain behind, on one 
side, as if a nail were driven in."-Dr. Bayes. [Marked charac- 
teristic.] 
"Headache arising from the nape of the neck upward."-Hah. 
Eyes.-This is one of the most useful eye remedies in the 
Materia Medica, where the conjunctiva and lids are involved. 
"As a remedy for styes (hordeola), it has no equal, as in a 
majority of cases it will cause them to abort before pus forms." 
-A. and N. 
"Its action upon the lachrymal sac is very decided; and it has 
proved a valuable remedy in blennorrhcea, in which the discharge 
was very profuse and bland."-A. and N. 
Catarrhal ophthalmia, especially of the lids, with profuse 
lachrymation and secretion of mucus; worse evenings. 
"It is very useful in stye, also in inflammation of the conjunc- 
tival membrane of a sub-acute character (12th or 30th)."-Bayes. 
"The margin of the lower lid is inflamed and swollen, with 
lachrymation in the morning; the inner canthus seems aggluti- 
nated with matter, in the morning; burning and itching in the 
eyes that provoke rubbing and scratching."-Hah. 
"The eyes are full of water, especially in the wind and cold 
air."-Hah. 
"Cloudiness of vision, with a kind of flashing of fire, as though 
she had received a slap in the face."-Dr, Robinson. 770 
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
"Dimness before the eyes, and lachrymation in the open air; 
obstruction of vision, like a fog before the eyes on rising."-Huh. 
"During the menses, it became black before the eyes, and she 
felt worse on going into a warm room."-Hah. 
The obscuration of sight, fiery circles, and flashes of light are 
accompanied with vertigo and nausea, showing that they are func- 
tional and not from organic lesions of the eye. 
Pulsatilla is particularly useful in scrofulous ophthalmia, or 
phlyctenular keratitis and conjunctivitis, especially if the pustules 
are on the conjunctiva; the discharge of mucus is thick, bland, 
and profuse, more abundant in the open air; the dread of light is 
but slight. 
In purulent ophthalmia of new-born children, it has proved of 
great value, especially in conjunction with Argentum nitricum. 
"In eye troubles, especially the superficial found in the negro 
race, it is particularly beneficial."-A. and N. 
Ears.-For catarrhal otitis, with much pain, it is the best 
remedy we have, aggravated at night. 
"Much pain in the ears, with deafness; the meatus is red and 
swollen."-G. [Intense neuralgia.] 
Chronic otorrhoea, with discharge of pus. 
"Violent pain in ear as of something forcing outward."-Hah. 
"Heat, redness, swelling, in outer ear; jerking pains."-Hah. 
"Difficulty of hearing, as if the ears were stopped, with a roar- 
ing like a loud,distant noise."-Hah. 
"Much tearing, itching, jerking pains in the inner ear."-Hah. 
Roaring in the ears as if from rushing water; from thick mu- 
cus ; ringing, humming, cracking in the ears. (Tinnitis aurium.) 
Nose.-"Stoppage of the nose, as from catarrh, in the evening, 
on going to bed; and in the morning a thick, yellow, opaque mu- 
cus, as in old catarrh, is blown from the nose."-Hah. 
"Purulent discharge from the nose, very offensive."-Hah. 
"Sneezing from catarrh, many times, especially in the even- 
ing."-Hah. 
Acute and sub-acute catarrh, second stage, with copious mu- 
cous discharges. 
"Nosebleed, suppressed menses; anaemia, dry coryza."-Hg. 
"Stoppage of nose in the evening, and in warm room ; in the 
morning, yellow, opaque, offensive mucous discharge."-Hah. 
Face.-"Flushes in the face every evening;-alternately red 
and pale, or yellowish, with sunken eyes;-puffed, blue, red, 
cheeks, and nose puffed."-Hg. [Bronchi loaded with mucus.] PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
771 
"Facial neuralgia, nervous excitation at irregular intervals; 
worse when chewing, talking, or from hot or cold food."-Hg. 
"Skin of face painfully sensitive."-Hg. [Erysipelas.] 
"Lower lip swollen and cracked in the middle."-Hah. 
Mouth.-"The tongue is covered with a tenacious mucus, as 
with a membrane."-Hah. [Chronic indigestion.] 
A tongue coated whitish yellow, with tenacious mucus, is 
characteristic. 
"The mouth is covered with offensive, tenacious mucus, in the 
morning on waking from sleep."-Hah. [Indigestion.] 
"Loss of taste, nothing tastes good; foul taste in the morning; 
-clammy, wants to rinse the mouth often;-of putrid meat, with 
inclination to vomit, in morning; bitter in the morning."-Hg. 
"Tongue parched, dry, no thirst, feels in the middle as if 
burned."-Hg. 
"Toothache immediately on taking anything very warm in the 
mouth."-Hah. 
"Toothache on one side of the face; always ceasing on going 
into the open air; but returns in a warm room, and gets worse; 
the pains are throbbing or shooting, accompanied with much 
swelling; worse evenings, in mild, tearful females."-G. 
"Toothache relieved by cold water in the mouth."-Hg. 
"She always has a very bad taste in the mouth early in the 
morning."-G. 
"Two varieties of pain;-a stitching or digging, worse in the 
evening, and a drawing, tearing sensation, as if the nerve were 
drawn tense and then suddenly let go ; renewed after eating, and by 
warmth."-D. 
"All food has a bitter taste ; constant bitter, bilious taste, espe- 
cially after eating; followed by chilliness and cold sweat."-Hah. 
Raw, sore feeling in the throat; it seems dry, but is covered 
with tenacious mucus ; from indigestion. 
"A sensation as of a worm creeping up, rises into the throat.,r 
-Hah. 
"Intolerable sensation of dryness in the throat, extending as 
far as the tip of the tongue (without visible dryness), with thirst;. 
but drinking makes him qualmish."-Hah. 
Stomach.-This is one of the great centers for the therapeutic 
action of Pulsatilla. Slow, imperfect digestion; the taste of the 
food, which is mostly sour, returns to and remains in the mouth 
a long time, with a great feeling of tightness of the stomach, espe- 
cially if from fat food. PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
772 
"Loathing, nausea, and retching after greasy food, with sour 
■eructations."-G. [Acute and chronic dyspepsia.] 
"Sensation as if the food were lodged undigested above the 
stomach."-Baehr. [Globus in hysterical women.] 
"Morning sickness, vomiting of mucus; pulsations in the pit 
■of the stomach; bad taste in the mouth every morning on awak- 
ing ; she has to wash it out soon, it is so bad she can not bear it; 
nothing tastes good to her; absence of thirst, and nightly diar- 
rhoea."- G. 
"Disordered stomach; nausea ; vomiting; repugnance to food ; 
colicky pains in the abdomen, and dizziness from looking up."- 
G. [Acute indigestion.] 
"Gastric disturbance from rich, fat food; sour, bitter vomiting; 
can not sit long, must walk about to relieve her pains."-G. 
"Feeling as if a stone lay in the epigastrium (Bryonia has the 
same); throbbing in the epigastrium; a contracting sensation in 
the (esophagus, as if one had swallowed too large a morsel of 
food; the same sensation extends over the hypochondria, then up 
over the chest, and impedes respiration."-D. 
"Sensation in the stomach, as if one had eaten too much; 
food rises up into the mouth, as if one wTould vomit."-Hah. 
"After eating, constant eructation tasting of food; eructations 
of bitter fluid in the mouth ; uprising of sour liquid after drinking 
coffee."-Hah. [Acute dyspepsia.] 
Acrid, green, bilious vomiting caused by fats, pastry, ices, or 
fruit. 
"Aversion to fat food, pork, meat, bread and milk."-Hg. 
"Nausea; water-brash; disagreeable risings, especially after 
eating and drinking."-Hah. [In morning sickness.] 
"Gnawing sensation in stomach, like ravenous hunger."-Hah. 
Gastrodynia, of the most violent kind, in mild, tearful women 
(or the opposite), inclined to be fleshy, with scanty menstruation ; 
brought on by fat, greasy, rich food. 
"Dyspepsia. I attach more importance to a frequent chilli- 
ness ; absence of thirst; constant nausea, with slight vomiting 
and little pain; feeling of distention after meals, forcing the pa- 
tient to loosen his clothes ; rising of water into the mouth in large 
quantities; tongue coated white, and bitter, putrid taste."-Jous- 
set. [Very characteristic.] 
Neuralgia of the stomach. We have no better medicine if it 
is caused from indigestion ; much flatulency; excessive contract- 
ing, crampy pains in the stomach; efforts to vomit, and great 
restlessness. "Gastric catarrh, from ice-cream, fruit, fat food; pain as from 
subcutaneous [With much flatulence.] 
Abdomen.-"Much flatulence, as might be expected where 
digestion is so slow; flatus moves about in the intestines, caus- 
ing pinching pains, with rumbling noise ; worse on waking or just 
after supper."-Z). 
"Externally the abdominal walls are tender to the touch, when 
coughing or sitting, especially at stool."-D. 
Piessure in the abdomen and small of the back, as from a 
stone, with disposition of the lower limbs to go to sleep when 
sitting, attended with ineffectual desire for stool."-Raue. [Ex- 
cessive flatulence.] 
Cholera morbus, caused by fat, rich food, with violent pains 
in the bowels ; cutting pains around the nave]; worse in the even- 
ing and night; lymphatic people. 
Flatus moves from one part of the intestines to the other, 
with loud rumbling and gurgling, with griping pains, especially 
in the evening."-Hah. [Menstrual irregularities.] 
"Sensation of heaviness like a stone in the abdomen, just be- 
fore the menses."-Hah. [Much chilliness.1 
"Violent cutting pain low down in the abdomen; a forcing- 
down into the pelvis, with desire for stool."-Hah. 
"Pain in lower chest and abdomen, obliging her to bend for- 
ward; abdomen and stomach distended, she must unlace."-Hg. 
Stool .-"A twofold action; difficult stool, with much back- 
ache and urging, or frequent desire for stool, with insufficient 
evacuation or no faeces, but instead thereof, yellowish mucus, 
sometimes mixed with blood. (Nux vomica.) On the other 
hand, Pulsatilla produces diarrhoea at night; stool consisting of 
green and acrid mucus, preceded by commotion in the bowels."-D. 
"Discharge of blood and mucus during stool; pallid counte- 
nance ; and disposition to faint, with bad taste in the mouth."-G. 
"Dysentery ; stools of mucus and blood ; chilliness toward even- 
ing ; bad taste in the mouth in the morning, and bruised feeling 
in the abdomen."-G. 
"Stools of mucus streaked with blood; worse in the evening 
and through the night, without thirst."-G. 
"Diarrhoea always worse at night; no two stools alike, they 
are so changeable; for a time the child seems much better, then 
it gets worse again without any appreciable cause; always seems 
better in th? open air; stools are watery, or green mucus."- G. 
[Sub-acute form.] 
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
773 774 
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
"Diarrhoea as green as bile, at night, with colic. -Hah. 
"Greenish, bilious, watery; yellow mucous, mixed with blood; 
after cold drinks, fruit, ice-cream, fat food; worse at night, re- 
lieved in the open air or cool place.''-J. B. Bell. 
"Nightly diarrhoea is characteristic of Pulsatilla; and there is 
scarcely a drug which occasions it as often."-Hah. 
"Obstinate constipation, in mild, gentle, tearful females, with 
very nauseous, bad taste in the mouth in the morning, so very 
bad she has to wash her mouth out immediately on awakening." 
-G. [Diarrhoea most characteristic.] 
"Painful blind haemorrhoids, with itching, sore pains."-D. 
Urinary Organs.-Scanty urine and no thirst; profuse watery 
urine in hysterical complaints. 
"Constant pressure in the bladder, without desire to urinate; 
desire to urinate, with drawing in the abdomen."-G. 
"Frequent pressure to urinate, and cutting pain during the 
act. (Cantharis has pain after the act.)"-D. 
"Involuntary emissions of urine, when sitting, coughing, or 
walking."-Jahr. [Very characteristic.] 
"After urinating, spasmodic pain in the neck of the bladder, 
extending to the pelvis and thighs."-G. 
"Frequent and almost ineffectual urging to urinate, with cut- 
ting pain."-G. [Sub-acute catarrh of the bladder.] 
"Retention of urine, with redness, heat, and soreness of the 
vesical region externally."-Raue. 
"Involuntary discharge of urine, drop by drop, at night, or on 
making exertion, as walking or coughing."-D. 
"Involuntary micturition at night in bed."-Hah. 
"Sediment reddish, bloody or mucous, jelly-like, sticking to 
vessel."-Hg. [In sub-acute cystitis.] 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Orchitis; the testicles and spermatic 
cord swollen and painful; caused from suppressed gonorrhoea or 
cold. For acute inflammation of the testes, we have no better 
remedy, especially if from gonorrhoea. 
Second stage of gonorrhoea with yellow or green discharge 
from the urethra, especially if complicated with rheumatism. 
"Painful drawing pains in the spermatic cord, lasting a long 
time, with tearing pains in the testicles."-Hah. [Rheumatic 
gonorrhoea.] 
Seminal emissions at night, with amorous dreams. PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
775 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Women that are inclined to be 
fleshy, with scanty menstruation; constantly complaining of 
■chilliness. 
"Catamenia too late and scanty, or suppressed, particularly 
by getting the feet wet."-G. [In fleshy females.! 
"Menses suppressed or flow intermittently, with evening chill- 
iness ; scanty, slimy menses, appear too late."-G. 
Delayed menstruation, with much chilliness, and bad taste in 
the mouth in the morning. Nightly diarrhoea. 
"Delayed menses, with coldness of the body; chilliness and 
trembling of the feet; in hysterical females."-G 
"During the menses, many symptoms, such as weight and 
downward pressure in the abdomen and sacral region; nausea; 
getting black before the eyes; stomach-ache and faintings; all 
worse in a warm room and from exertion; better in the open 
air."- D. [Great chilliness.] 
"The blood is very changeable in its appearance; more apt to 
flow during walking in the day-time, and intermitting."-G. 
"Dysmenorrhoea; with pains so violent that she tosses in 
every direction, with cries and tears; the blood is thick and dark, 
or pale and watery, flows by fits and starts, much worse in a 
close, warm room."-G. 
"Menstrual colic, with great restlessness; tossing in every di- 
rection."-Hg. [In rheumatic, hysterical females.] 
"Tension and contraction in the abdomen, as if the menses 
would come on, with nausea and mucous vomiting."-Raue. 
Amenorrhoea, in tearful, yielding dispositions ; pale face; dif- 
ficulty in breathing; much pain in the small of the back; very 
chilly in the afternoon, and very bad taste in the mouth in the 
morning; chronic indigestion. 
"Metrorrhagia, profuse at times, at other times intermittent, 
and mixed with clots ; most profuse in persons given to reveries, 
in mild, tearful females."-G. 
"Labor; the pains excite palpitation; suffocating and fainting 
spells, unless the doors and windows are open; she must have 
them open."-G. 
"Labor-pains alternating with hemorrhage and restlessness; 
they grow worse toward evening; no thirst."-G. 
"Milky leucorrhoea, with swelling of the vulva, particularly 
after the menses ; thick and acrid."-G. 
Thick, white, albuminous leucorrhoea ; in tearful females. 
"She can hardly find an easy position through the night, 
owing to the pain in the pelvic articulations."-G. 776 
Leucorrhoea of thick white mucus, especially when Iving, or 
before and during the menses, with cutting pains in the abdo- 
men."-G. [Especially young females.] 
"Mild, tearful women who have but little milk; the breasts 
are much swollen; rheumatic pains extend to the muscles of the 
chest, shoulders, neck, axilla, and down the arms; she is fearful, 
tearful, and not thirsty."-G. [Constantly chilly.] 
She weeps at every nursing; the pains from nursing often 
extend into the chest, up into the neck, down the back, or change 
from place to place."-G. 
"Milk suddenly suppressed; lochia milky white."-Hg. 
Milk leg; after the acute symptoms have been subdued by 
Aconite, we have no better remedy than Pulsatilla. 
"In pregnancy, she says the child turns over and does not lie 
right, so that it pains her."-Dr. Conant. 
"Uterine irregularities occurring in the anremic, or in those of 
venous constitution, yield very promptly to Pulsatilla."-Bayes. 
Chlorosis ; much chilliness, and fainting with diarrhoea. The 
action of Pulsatilla upon the vascular system and sexual organs 
is to produce a complete chlorotic blood crasis. 
Phlegmasia dolens ; limb pale white color, swollen, veins hard, 
knotty, intensely painful to touch, and motion impossible. 
Respiratory Organs.-This is a grand remedy for the second 
stage of catarrhal coughs, not depending upon an organic base. 
The cough is loose, with copious mucous, expectoration, accom- 
panied with great soreness of the epigastrium; and, if in a fe- 
male, urine is emitted at each cough. It is generally very loose 
through the day and tight at night. 
"Pulsatilla is similar to Hepar; when given too early, even in 
the third dilution, it will produce aggravation and render the 
cough dry after resolution sets in. Pulsatilla,like Hepar, suits 
only moist cough, writh copious mucous expectoration, especially 
when yellow, whitish, salty, toward the end of catarrhs, or in 
chronic catarrhs. Pulsatilla encroaches not so deeply upon the 
metamorphosis as Hepar, and is, therefore, only a palliative in 
chronic organic cases. It is especially indicated for mucous 
rales, where asthmatic disturbances arise from the accumulation 
of phlegm (emphysema), with catarrhal irritation in the throat ; 
amelioration in the fresh air, aggravation in the evening and at 
night. It is a specific in those cases where the cough is moist 
through the day, with dry, titillating cough at night in a recum- 
bent position."-Dr. Hirschel. 
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
777 
"What could we do without Pulsatilla in presence of copious 
muco-purulent expectoration in lymphatic, anaemic females ? 
Nocturnal paroxysms of dyspnoea, gouty or rheumatic pains, fly- 
ing about from one part of the body to another. "-Meyhoffer. 
"Coryza much worse every evening; the cough is very loose, 
and, with all the fever, there is little or no thirst."-Hg. 
"Child has difficulty of breathing wdien it lies on its side; 
worse evenings."-Hg. [Sub-acute bronchial catarrh.] 
"Cough very loose with vomiting of mucus, and nightly diar- 
rhoea."-G. 
"Morning loose cough."-F. [From gastric irritation.] 
Loose catarrhal symptoms, with tardy menstruation. 
Asthma from deranged menstruation or suppressed urticaria. 
"The sensations in the chest are chiefly tension and constric- 
tion in conjunction with dyspnoea and asthmatic symptoms."-D. 
"The nasal membrane, after a brief period of unnatural dry- 
ness, secretes abundant mucus, which becomes thick, yellow, or 
green, and offensive."-Z). [Sub-acute catarrh.] 
"If she lies upon the left side, complains of anxiety, rapid pal- 
pitation and want of breath."-Hah. [From indigestion.] 
"Pain as from an internal ulcer in middle of chest."-Hah. 
"Aphonia nervosa returns at every emotion; constriction in 
throat preventing speech; cannot eat; weeps much."-Hg. 
Heart.-"Palpitation in violent paroxysms ; anguish ; obscur- 
ation of sight; trembling of limbs; from chagrin, fright, or joy, 
with anaemia, chlorosis; feeble pulse after dinner."-Hg. 
"Palpitation, great anxiety, so that he was obliged to throw 
off his clothes."-Hah. 
"Catching pain in cardiac region; pressure relieves."-Hah. 
All the heart symptoms are reflex from indigestion. 
Neck and Back.-"Sticking pains in the nape of the neck; 
drawing like rheumatism in the nape of the neck, in the after- 
noon ; moved with great difficulty."-Hah. 
"Interscapular pain, worse by inspiration."-Hg. 
"Pain in small of back, as if sprained, on motion."-Hah. 
"Pain in small of back like labor-pain, as if tied."-Hah. 
"Pain in small of back, after sitting, can scarcely rise."-Hah. 
Much chilliness and pain in the sacral region during menstru- 
ation. 
Back is so chilly, feels as if cold water were being poured on it. 
Extremities.-Rheumatism ; pains shift rapidly from one part 
to another, unattended with any great swelling or redness; 778 
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
chronic cases with weakness, rigidity, coldness, and weight in the 
diseased tissues; complicated with indigestion. 
"Drawing rheumatic pains frequently shifting from one part 
of the body to another; constant chilliness, worse nights."-G. 
"Simple pain in the limbs, especially in the joints; obliging 
him to stretch the body, with heat of the whole body, without 
thirst in the morning in bed."-Hah. 
"Drawing, tearing in the limbs, with chilliness."-Hah. 
"The swelling and heat of the knee and ankle joints, as well 
as the small joints of the fingers and toes, together with the 
drawing, tensive pain in them, suggest that Pulsatilla acts upon 
the synovial membranes and upon the nutrition similarly to 
rheumatism, and have led to its successful use in rheumatic 
gout."-D. > 
"The limbs upon which he lies while asleep, seem asleep with 
tingling on waking."-Hah. [Rheumatism.] 
"Sensation of numbness or heaviness in the arm, on raising 
or using it."-Hah. [Rheumatism.] 
"The arm is painful, even while at rest, as if humerus were 
beaten in the middle; the pain goes to the thumb so she can not 
use it."-Hah. 
"Hip-joint painful, as if dislocated."-Hah. [Arthritic gout.] 
"A jerking, sore pain, extending from the hip-joint to the knee, 
while in the bed mornings, disappearing on walking."-Hah. 
"Excessive weariness of the thighs, with trembling of the 
knees. "-»-Z7hL 
Drawing pain in the muscles of the thigh, at night, that 
obliges him to move; he does not know what to do, with sleep- 
lessness and great feeling of chilliness."-Hah. 
"Swelling of the knee, with tearing, drawing pains."-Hah. 
"The varicose veins swell up and bleed much."-Hg. 
"Swelling of the feet, with great weakness of the feet."-Hah. 
"Swelling of the back of the foot, sometimes extending along 
the thighs; great inclination to stretch out the feet."-Hah. 
"Chilblains inflamed, bluish, itching."-Hg. [In female dis- 
eases.] 
"Soft, white, shining swelling of the knee."-Hg. [Synovitis.] 
"The pains are drawing, tearing, as of an internal ulcer; ag- 
gravated by touch ; but the most peculiar pain is a tension, which 
increases until very acute, and then lets up with a snap; much 
worse evenings before midnight."-D. 
"Specific for that variety of rheumatism which is relieved by a 
catarrhal discharge, or follows the suppression of a catarrh; pains flying, wandering, rarely fixed, except on the dorsum of the 
feet."-Dr. Hale. [Especially in females.] 
Skin.-"A burning itching over the whole body, on becoming 
warm in bed, before midnight, aggravated by scratching;'unable 
to sleep on account of it; less during the day, and only after be- 
coming heated from walking or after rubbing; there is no appear- 
ance of an eruption."-Hah. 
"The skin is hypersemic and swollen; eruption especially of the 
vesicular form; erysipelas; urticaria; blisters; pustules."-Dr. 
H. C. Jessen. 
Urticaria from rich food, with diarrhoea; worse nights. 
Second stage of rubeola, with otalgia, and loose cough. 
Ulcers that bleed easily and burn much; relieved by cold. 
Fever.-Very useful in intermittents where chilliness pre- 
dominates, little heat, and no thirst. The great amount of chilli- 
ness shows how prominently it affects the posterior portion of the 
spinal cord. 
"Chilliness even in summer, when warmly clad, with vertigo; 
throbbing headache ; pressure in the stomach, pain in the uterus, 
and dysuria; caused by nervous debility or wet feet."-G. [As- 
sociated with indigestion.] 
"Flying rheumatic pains, with much chilliness, especially 
after getting the feet wet."-Hg. [Or from gonorrhoea.] 
"Chilliness all over, without shivering; he feels cold in the 
evening; chilliness the whole evening."-Hah. 
"Intolerable burning heat at night; he is hot, during which he 
wishes to be covered; he licks the lips and does not drink, but 
moans and groans."-Hah. 
"Dry heat of the body in the evening, with distended veins and 
burning hands, that seek out cool places."-Hah. 
"Fever; thirst about 2 p. m., followed about 4 p. m. by chill 
without thirst, with coldness of the feet and hands, with anxiety 
and oppression of the chest; afterward, when lying down, draw- 
ing pains in the back extending to the occiput, and thence into 
the temples and crown of the head; three hours after, heat of the 
body without thirst; sweat only in the face, trickling down in 
large drops ; sleepiness without sleep ; very restless ; followed in 
the morning by sweat over the whole body."-Hah. 
Easy and profuse morning sweats; sometimes one-sided. 
Bad effects of Quinine; chlorosis from abuse of Iron; bad 
effects from suppressed menstruation; from Mercury, Sulphur, 
Chamomile tea, watering-places, and rich, fat food. This is the 
PULSATILLA NIGRICANS. 
779 780 
RHEUM. 
best female remedy known; especially if in rheumatic hysterical 
females. 
Aggravation.-In a close, warm room; craves fresh, cool air; 
worse always in the evening and forepart of the night, especially 
aggravated by returning to a warm, close room; from warmth of 
bed; while lying down, especially on left side; in wet weather; 
before menstruation, and especially after rich, fat, greasy food, 
pastry, fruit, nuts, and ice-cream. 
Amelioration.-In the open air; in a cold place; from cold 
air, and cold things; strong desire for open air, making the pa- 
tient feel better in every way; from midnight to noon; in dry 
weather; from exercise; when lying on the back, and from exter- 
nal pressure. 
RHEUM. 
Rhubarb. 
Habitat: China, etc. Tincture of ground root, Class IV, and Triturations. 
Antidotes-Cham., Camph., Coloc., Merc., Nux vom., Puls. 
Through the solar plexus, Rheum has two special centers of action: 
I. Intest. C. (Muscular P.) Increased Peristalsis; Diarrhoea. 
II. Liver. Hepatic Stimulant; Secretion of Bile Increased. 
Intestinal Canal.-This is a moderate purgative, producing 
faecal rather than watery stools, and affects the muscular fiber of 
the bowels more than the secretory. "To the same effect is the 
testimony of all therapeutists. Rhubarb is considered to stimu- 
late the muscular fiber of the whole length of the intestine, purg- 
ing without causing serous effusion, and never, however far its 
action may go, inflaming the mucous membrane."-Dr. Hughes. 
"It is not an easy, liquid, and copious stool, nor a painless diar- 
rhoea, which is the primary action of Rheum on the bowels, but 
rather a colicky and sometimes ineffectual urging to altered stools, 
which are nevertheless always faecal."-Hahnemann. 
Liver.-"As the stools present an appearance to which the 
term 'bilious' was applied, it was formerly supposed that Rhu- 781 
barb had the power to increase the flow of bile. More recently it 
has been universally conceded that the coloring-matter of Rhu- 
barb produces the peculiar tint referred to. The latest investiga- 
tions of Rutherford and Vignal have, apparently, very conclu- 
sively shown that Rhubarb really possesses the property anciently 
ascribed to it, and that it must be placed among the cholagogue 
medicines. As it is now known to increase the flow of bile, it 
may be assumed that the intestinal secretions in general are pro- 
moted by it. 
"The coloring-matters of Rhubarb stain the perspiration, 
milk, and urine ; and the milk acquires a bitter taste and purgative 
properties. "-Bartholow. 
RHEUM. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Digestive Organs.-Sour-smelling, papescent diarrhoea; the 
urine high colored; abdomen distended, and cutting pains about 
the navel. 
"Very sour smell of the child, which can not be removed by 
any amount of washing and care in keeping it clean."-G. 
"Much colic, with very sour stools."-G. [Acid children.] 
"Cholera infantum; stools frequent, uniformly frothy, watery, 
and of a pea-green color?'-Dr. A. E. Small. 
"Colic in children made worse at once by uncovering an arm or 
a leg."-Raue. [The whole child smells sour.] 
"Of great utility in the duodenal catarrh, and in the catarrh 
of the biliary ducts with jaundice; stools whitish, pasty, or clay 
colored ; skin presents an earthy or jaundiced hue."-Bartholow. 
"Desire for various things, but can not eat them, they become 
repulsive."-Hah. [In summer diarrhoea.] 
"The desire for stool is aggravated by walking."-Homburg. 
Sleep.-Sleep restless, with much tossing about in children. 
In General.-Sour children that cry a great deal. 
Aggravation.-From uncovering; from cold; morning, and 
before stool. 
Amelioration.-From warmth, and wrapping up. 782 
RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
Poison Oak. 
Habitat: North America, etc. Tincture of fresh leaves, Class III. 
Antidotes.-Strong Tansy Tea, Merc., Camph., Bry., Cofl-.. Snlph.. Croton. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Rhus toxicodendron has eleven 
special centers of action : 
I. Skin. Vesicular Erysip.; Eczema; Pemphigus,- Sour Sweat. 
IL Mucous Mem. ■ (Fauces, Gast.-Intestinal Canal.) Inflam. 
III. Eyes. Acute Rheum. Conjunctivitis; Strumous Ophthalmia. 
IV. Lungs. Congestion; Infiltration; Typhoid Pneumonia. 
V. Mouth. Acute Inflammation, Especially Fauces; Sordes. 
VI. Stomach. Loss of Appetite; Nausea; Vomiting; Gastritis. 
VII. Abdomen. Typhoid Enteritis; Tympanitis; Involunt. Stools. 
VIII. Sero-Fib. Tissue. (Tendons, Fascia.) Rheumatoid Inflam. 
IX. Lymphatics. Secretions Acrid; Congestion; Inflammation. 
X. Blood. Septic Fever; Fibrine Increased. 
XI. Cerebro-Sp. System. Profound Depress.; Rheumatic Paral. 
Skill.-This is the most prominent center for the action of 
Rhus. Whether the poison is taken internally, inhaled, or by 
contact, it soon produces an irritation of the skin, varying in 
intensity from the slightest erythema to the gravest form of ery- 
sipelas. "The effects produced by Rhus are redness and swelling 
of the affected parts, which, if the exhalation be the exciting 
cause, are more particularly the face and eyes. Subsequently, 
there is pain, and often a considerable increase of temperature, 
and the inflamed surface is generally studded with vesicles. Com- 
bined with these symptoms, there is an almost unbearable amount 
of itching, which is not confined to the patches of inflammation, 
but diffuses itself more or less over the entire surface of the body, 
the hairy portions appearing to be very especially affected. The 
condition induced thus appears to be of an erythematous or ery- 
sipelatous type. It is superficial, but spreads rapidly over the 
surface, and speedily involves large areas of the body."-Phillips. RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
783 
"The action of Rhus on the skin is obviously of a very acute 
and specific kind. Teste well describes it as that of 'a corrosive 
caustic, which, from its extreme subtilty, has a tendency to 
invade large surfaces, rather than to penetrate deeply into tis- 
sues.' He compares it with Arnica, which dips deeper down, and 
with Ledum, whose influence is more localized. Severe boils fol- 
lowed the primary symptoms in two of the pro vers of Rhus vene- 
nata. An additional value for Homceopathic purposes is given to 
these effects by the fact mentioned by Dr. Phillips, that they only 
occur in a certain number of those who are exposed to the influence 
of the plant; i. e., they are contingent upon special susceptibility. 
Dufresnoy, moreover, states that persons not constitutionally sus- 
ceptible to the disorders induced by Rhus as a poisonous agent, 
are not so likely to receive benefit from it if used as a medicine. 
It points in the same direction when we hear from Trousseau and 
Pidoux of the symptoms first appearing twenty-five days after 
inoculation with the juice, and from Fontana, of their recurrence 
at intervals subsequently. 
"Correspondingly in cutaneous affections, especially when 
acute, Rhus naturally takes high rank as a remedy. The members 
of the order vesicul®-herpes (especially h. zoster), eczema, and 
pemphigus-are the forms of eruption to which it is most suitable. 
I have frequently cured these affections with Rhus, and, indeed, 
rarely require any other remedy for them. Itching, with burning, 
is a characteristic indication for it here. Dr. Dunham recom- 
mends it in eczema impetiginoides ; and Dr. Wesselhoeft has com- 
municated cases of prurigo senilis and vulvas cured by it. Still 
more closely do the effects of Rhus correspond with erythema and 
erysipelas. When this latter malady goes on to the formation of 
vesicles and bullae, Rhus is the standard remedy among Homoe- 
opathists; and I have often seen it act here in the most beautiful 
manner. Teste seems justified in recommending it as the best 
remedy to be given in extensive but superficial burns."-Hughes. 
Mucous Membranes.-Rhus has a specific action upon the 
mucous membranes, especially that of the fauces and gastro- 
intestinal canal, as shown "by the redness and swelling of the 
mouth and throat, with, ordinarily, great thirst, irritable cough, 
nausea, vomiting, vertigo, dullness and stupefaction of the head, 
and colicky pains throughout the abdomen. These last are 
chiefly experienced during the night, and are aggravated by eat- 
ing and drinking. Diarrhoea frequently ensues, accompanied by 
tenesmus ; and the stools are often bloody. There is often reten- 784 
RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
tion of urine, or else diuresis; and the water is frequently accom- 
panied by blood. . . . 
"Rhus is,' moreover, thoroughly homoeopathic to affections of 
the mucous membrane resembling those which it causes on the 
cutaneous surface. The late Sir J. Y. Simpson has well shown 
that conditions answering to erythema and eczema of the skin are 
not uncommon on the lining membrane of the bowels and other 
parts, especially in women. Rhus is also beneficial in diarrhoea 
and dysentery associated with low general conditions, as typhus 
anol scorbutus. The mucous membrane it influences most power- 
fully, is the conjunctiva. In the sixth volume of the British Jotir- 
nal of Homoeopathy, Dr. Dudgeon has collected numerous testi- 
monies, from all schools, to its value in strumous ophthalmia. 
Perhaps the phlyctenular character of the affection has some- 
thing to do with its usefulness here; and it is noteworthy that 
there is often an association of general eczema of the face. When 
this occurs, Rhus is doubly indicated."-Dr. R. Hughes. 
"The mucous membranes are always involved. The tongue is 
more or less coated, becomes rough, dry, cracked, and woody; 
bitter, sour, coppery taste, a total loss of appetite; the lips and 
teeth are sometimes covered with brown sordes ; the taste is gone. 
The condition of the gastric and intestinal mucous membrane is 
such as to produce want of appetite, or, on the other hand, canine 
hunger, along with which there is a soapy, slimy condition of the 
mouth; everything tastes like straw, and there is an immediate 
feeling of fullness; aversion to food, nausea, retching, vomiting. 
Gases are developed in the intestinal canal, which distend the 
abdomen. The abdomen becomes sensitive to external pressure 
under the margins of the left ribs and in the right iliac region. 
The stools are at first scanty and infrequent; indeed, there may 
be none for several days; generally, however, they soon become 
fluid, and occur three or four times daily, without tenesmus or 
other discomforts; and at a later period, when they are still more 
frequent, they pass involuntarily. They consist of serum and of 
a greenish-brown substance, which, at a later period of the disease, 
is mixed with white flocculi."-Dr. Dunham. 
Lungs.-"Resulting from the affection of the mucous mem- 
brane of the air-passages, there is a sensation of dryness in the 
trachea; the somewhat accelerated respiration is, at first, some- 
what louder, sharper, the expiration audible; at a later period, 
mucous rales set in, or large crepitation. The cough, which is at 
first moderate and dry, becomes gradually more violent, and RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
785 
looser in sound, but accompanied by only a very little tenacious 
sputa, now and then streaked with blood. The parenchyma of 
the lung is congested with blood, especially in the lower lobes; and 
pneumonic infiltrations often form there, which explain the fol- 
lowing symptoms, not infrequent in typhoid; constriction of the 
chest; short, anxious respiration; sticking pains in the sides, etc." 
-Dr. Dunham. 
Sero-Fibrous Tissue.-This is the most useful sphere of 
Rhus. "The rheumatoid pains described by Dr. Phillips, as 
occurring in Rhus-poisoning, are seen in an especial degree in the 
provers of the drug. From Rhus venenata, the joints, as well as 
the fibrous tissues, were affected,-especially the knees, ankles, 
feet, and hands; but there was no genuine synovial swelling, as 
with Bryonia and Pulsatilla. It is chiefly to these rheumatoid 
pains that Hahnemann's well known observation belongs, that, 
unlike those of Bryonia, they are most violent when the part 
affected is in a state of perfect rest. He extends the statement, 
indeed, to the symptoms produced by the drug generally; and the 
recent provings of Rhus venenata support this statement. 
"Rhus has thus come to occupy a high place in Homoeopathic 
therapeutics among the remedies for rheumatism. It is not often 
indicated in rheumatic fever. It would be so where, as in a case 
mentioned by Dr. Bayes, restlessness and constant desire to 
change the position were present. Dr. Phillips also says, that, 
'in the after stage of acute rheumatic fever, when Aconite may 
have been employed, and when the temperature has fallen to 100° 
or below it, and where the patient still suffers from wearing stiff- 
ness, and aching in the neighborhood of the joints, Rhus is posi- 
tively invaluable.' But, in various sub-acute and chronic rheu- 
matic affections, it is a most precious remedy. Its action is 
mainly, if not entirely, upon the fibrous tissues,-tendons, fasciae, 
sheaths of nerves, etc., and, perhaps, the muscles. I do not think 
that it controls the rheumatic affections of the synovial mem- 
branes, but only those of the ligaments external to the capsules of 
the joints. Nor do I think that it acts upon the nerves them- 
selves. Its undoubted value in rheumatic sciatica depends, I 
take it, upon its influence on the fibrous sheath of the nerve, 
which is so often the seat of the pain. It is powerless in pure 
neuralgia, here or elsewhere. It is certainly the best remedy in 
most cases of lumbago, after Aconite. I suspect that here the 
lumbar fasciae "are the parts affected rather than the actual muscles. 
In rheumatic lameness of the lower extremities, depending largely 786 
RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
upon the state of the fascia lata, Rhus has made brilliant cures. 
In all these maladies, the characteristic features, 'worse at rest, 
relieved by motion,' are of immense weight in determining our 
choice of Rhus. Dr. Neidhard has added the important observa- 
tion, that, on first moving after rest, the pains are increased. It 
is not until the parts have been removed for some little time that 
relief ensues. With Bryonia, on the other hand, the longer the 
movement continues, the worse the pains become; and with Rho- 
dodendron, movement relieves from the first. Dr. Carroll Dunham 
has drawn out these characteristics of the pains of Rhus in a very 
interesting manner. He says: 'The rheumatic symptoms of the 
drug come on with severity during repose, and they increase as 
long as the patient remains quiet, until, at length, their severity 
compels him to move. Now, on first attempting to move, he finds 
himself very stiff, and the very first movement is exceedingly pain- 
ful. But, as he continues to move, however, the stiffness is re- 
lieved and the pains decidedly decreased, the patient feeling much 
better.' He goes on to point out that this improvement does not 
continue indefinitely; for weariness readily comes on in such pa- 
tients ; and then rest is at first grateful, only after a while to be 
disturbed by a recurrence of the aching pain. 
"The action of Rhus on the white fibrous tissues, has led to its 
being used in the treatment of sprains. Hahnemann says: 'I 
have recognized in these latter years that Rhus is the best specific 
against the consequences of muscular strains and contusions.' 
He does not say what relation it bears to Arnica here; nor do I 
know that general experience has found it superior or even equal 
to that medicine."-Dr. R. Hughes. 
"Soreness as if beaten; this is felt in the muscles and in the 
neighborhood of the joints. Heaviness and pressure ; this is felt 
in the head, eyes, eyelids, and in the limbs; lassitude, languor, 
and weight, felt in the extremities, especially lower limbs."-Hah. 
"The action of Rhus may be summed up as follows: It pro- 
duces a kind of a rheumatic affection of the muscles and liga- 
ments, alleviated by motion ; a paralysis aggravated by motion; 
an apparent passive congestion of the head, relieved by repose, 
and general depression of the sensorium."-Dunham. 
Lymphatic Glandular System.-The lymphatic glandular 
system throughout the body, is congested and inflamed. This is 
especially the case in the cervical, inguinal, and mesenteric glands, 
with emaciation, and great acridity of all the secretions. It also 
acts upon the sudoriferous glands, producing copious sour perspi- 
ration . * RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
787 
Blood.-The life of the blood-making organs is so paralyzed 
that the composition of the blood is very much perverted, as shown 
from the character of the fever produced by Rhus; and its great 
therapeutic value in blood diseases, shows that it affects the blood 
and the blood-making organs similarly to the poison of typhoid, 
scarlet fever, and erysipelas, producing ecchymoses of the skin, etc. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-"It acts quite decidedly upon the 
system of animal life; and the nervous functions are always 
powerfully affected. They are oppressed and restricted. The 
organs of sense are, in the beginning, in a condition of over- 
excitability, with great sensibility to light, noise, etc. At a later 
period, the opposite condition obtains; the patients become in- 
sensible to external influences, complain of nothing whatever; lie 
in a condition of atony, and the capability of the mind for con- 
tinuous thought is absolutely destroyed. Thus, a patient meaning 
to write the number 12 will write the figure 1, but can not recol- 
lect the figure 2 which should follow it; like the typhus patient, 
who begins his sentence coherently and intelligibly, but allows it 
to dwindle away into an inarticulate murmur. Listlessness and 
horrible depression possess the mind. This marks a more pro- 
found depression than that produced by Bryonia; for the latter 
results in fretful peevishness and irritability. Rhus has listless- 
ness, a feeling of helplessness and profound despondency. A sim- 
ilar feeling pervades the whole apparatus of voluntary motion, 
expressing itself in a sense of physical prostration, of inability to 
move, of powerlessness and approaching paralysis. So great is 
this, that, on first attempting to move after a repose of some 
length of time, the limbs tremble, the joints are stiff, and there 
seems to be actual inability to move. This condition is more pro- 
found in the lower extremities than in the upper. 
"In paralysis, especially of the lower extremities, Rhus is an 
important remedy. But the paralysis for which it is appropriate 
is not that form which results from a lesion of the spinal cord. It 
is rather of the motor than of the sentient nerves; for I believe 
sensation is not much impaired. In the form known as rheumatic 
paralysis, where the paralysis supervenes upon rheumatism, Rhus 
is especially called for. So, likewise, as would be expected, in 
cases resulting from undue exposure to cold and dampness, espe- 
cially exposure of the back or limbs."-Dr. Dunham. 
"The fever of Rhus-poisoning is at first sympathetic with the 
dermatitis that is set up; but later here, as pointed out by Dr., 
Phillips, and, perhaps, primarily (as suggested by the provings), 788 
RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
from the internal use of the drug, a febrile condition of low nerv- 
ous type is set up, with diarrhoea and prostration. Hahnemann 
was led thereby to use Rhus as a principal remedy for the epi- 
demic fever which ravaged Germany in 1818. Whether it was 
true typhus, or (as Dr. Russell thinks) relapsing fever, is doubt- 
ful ; but this, at least, is certain, that, while the mortality under 
the ordinary treatment was considerable, Hahnemann treated 188 
patients without a single death. He also recommended it, in alter- 
nation with Bryonia, in the consecutive fever of cholera. 
"Rhus has accordingly taken rank as an important anti-typhoid 
remedy in Homoeopathic practice. Drs. Wurmb and Caspar, from 
their experience in the Leopoldstadt Hospital, at Vienna, define its 
place in typhus and enteric fever. It corresponds to an erethistic 
type of the malady, such as, when more severe, requires Arsenic. 
Dr. Dunham points out that a corresponding condition is apt to 
supervene in the course of measles and scarlatina; and that here 
Rhus is no less indicated and beneficial. In the latter disease, he 
says, it is still more strongly called for, 'if there be an cedematous 
•condition of the fauces, soft palate, and uvula, with vesicles upon 
these parts, and a singularly annoying itching, smarting, and 
burning.' Epidemics of influenza sometimes present this con- 
dition of the throat, with great debility; and here, also, Rhus is 
indicated. Another variety of scarlatina, in which I have much 
confidence in Rhus, is that in which rheumatic symptoms appear. 
I speak of the 'scarlatina rheumatica.' "-Dr. D. Hughes. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Characteristics.-This great polychrest is especially adapted 
to diseases that partake of a rheumatic nature; the pains are 
greatly aggravated by rest and damp, rainy weather. 
The pains are greatly aggravated by rest; worse after mid- 
night and before storms ; relieved by motion ; has to toss about 
constantly to get relief. 
"Can not lie long in one position, but must shift about to ob- 
tain relief; the relief lasts but a short time, when the patient 
must move again."-G. [Very characteristic.] 
"The great and characteristic peculiarity of the symptoms of 
Rhus, is, that, with fewr exceptions, they occur and are aggravated 
during repose, and are ameliorated by motion. In addition to the 
symptoms of Rhus which resemble paralysis, there are also groups 
of symptoms resembling muscular and articular rheumatism. 
These rheumatic symptoms come on with severity during repose RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
789 
and increase as long as the patient keeps quiet, until they compel 
him to move. Now, on the first attempt to move, he finds him- 
self very stiff, and the first movement is very painful. By con- 
tinuing to move for a little while, however, the stiffness is relieved, 
and the pains decidedly decrease, the patient feeling much better. 
But this improvement does not go on indefinitely. After moving 
continuously for a longer or shorter period and finding comfort 
therein, the paralytic symptoms interpose their exhausting pro- 
test, and the patient is compelled, from a sensation of lassitude 
and powerlessness, to suspend his movements and to come to 
repose. At first, this repose after long continued motion is grate- 
ful, since it relieves, not the aching and severe pains, but only 
the sense of prostration. Before long, the pains come on again 
during this repose, and the patien is forced to move again as 
before."-D. 
The child always gets worse after midnight; has more colic; 
more diarrhoea, and is more restless, than during the day. 
Bad effects from strains, lifting, particularly from stretching 
arms high up to reach things, and from severe wetting in rain 
when heated; the limbs become very lame and stiff in damp air 
before storms ; rheumatic fever. 
Mind.-"As regards the disposition, it is depressed and de- 
spondent ; averse to all exertion, full of sad anxiety and care- 
taking, depressed, lonesome, and prone to weep; anxiety is so 
great he thinks he shall die or lose his mind ; the forces sink : he 
gets fits of trembling; then comes restlessness ; the patient can't 
sit still, but must always keep moving; becomes fearful, thinks- 
he has been poisoned ; the anxiety goes to such an extent that he 
feels as though he would take his own life; at the same time a 
sense of dyspnoea, and yet relief from deep inspiration."-D. [In 
low septic fevers.] 
"Sad, begins to weep without knowing why, worse in the house,, 
relieved by walking in the open air."-Hah. 
Very restless mood; great apprehension at night, can not. 
remain in bed ; in low nervous fevers. 
"Low, mild delirium; stupefaction and insensibility."-Hah. 
"Satiety of life, with fear of death; wants to go from bed to 
bed."-Hg. [In typhoid and eruptive fevers.] 
Head.-"Vertigo occurs when standing or walking, is worse 
when lying down."-D. [Nervous fevers.] 
"Dullness of the head as if intoxicated, while sitting; on rising 
such dizziness that it seemed as if she were going to fall forward 
and backward."-Hah. [Low septic fevers.] 790 
RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
"Head so heavy that she was obliged to hold it upright in 
order to relieve the weight pressing forward into forehead."-Hah. 
"A sensation of swashing and jarring in the brain, and each 
step concusses the brain (China)."-D. 
"On shaking the head, a sensation as if the brain were loose 
and hit against the skull."-Dr. Franz. 
"Headache, pressure, both in the temples, forehead, and behind 
the orbits, where it feels sometimes like a wearisome pressure 
downward; sometimes as if the eyes would be pressed outward; 
sometimes as if the brain were being pressed together from both 
sides; sometimes burning pressure in the temporal bone."-D. 
[Commencement of typhoid fever.] 
"When stooping, it seems as if he could not rise again; sensa- 
tion as if a quantity of blood shot into the brain, causing the 
head to fall downward."-D. 
"Headache in the occiput, that disappears on bending the head 
backward."-Dr. Franz. [Rheumatic myalgia.] 
"Head as painful to the touch as a boil."-Hah. 
Violent drawing and tearing pains in the periosteum of the 
cranial bones; worse at rest and in damp, stormy cold weather; 
relieved by wrapping the head up warmly, and by dry heat and 
exercise. 
"Moist, suppurating eruptions on the head, forming thick 
crusts, eating off the hair; offensive smell; itching; worse at 
night. "-Dr. Cowperthwaite. 
Eyes.-Eyelids present a bladder-like appearance, and the 
lids are closed from the great swelling; acute conjunctivitis. 
"Its curative power is chiefly exerted upon those symptoms of 
the lids which are dependent upon inflammation of the deeper 
structures; although it is often valuable in uncomplicated bleph- 
aritis, especially of the acute form, with a tendency to the for- 
mation of an abscess; the lids highly oedematous, accompanied 
by profuse lachrymation and pains; worse at night, relieved by 
warm applications."-A. and N. 
In erysipelas of the lids, it is very important, whether of trau- 
matic origin or not. I have cured many cases of this nature, 
especially if there is profuse lachrymation and spasmodic closure 
of the lids. 
No remedy equals it in orbital cellulitis, with much cedema. 
"Ptosis, and paresis or paralysis of any of the muscles of the 
eyeball, from rheumatism or cold, damp weather."-A. and N. 
Conjunctivitis (acute) from wet; conjunctiva highly chemosed; 
photophobia ; profuse lachrymation and oedema of the lids. RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
"In ulcers and pustules of the cornea, the photophobia is very 
great, so that the patient lies constantly on the face; profuse 
lachrymation; rheumatic character; worse at night."-A.andN. 
Many cases of kerato-iritis have been cured with Rhus, espe- 
cially if rheumatic in character; from cold, damp atmosphere. 
"Its grandest sphere of action is to be found in suppurative 
iritis, or in the still more severe cases, in which the inflammatory 
process has involved the remainder of the uveal tract (ciliary body 
and choroid), especially if of a traumatic origin, as after extraction 
of cataract. As a remedy in this dangerous form of inflammation, 
it stands unrivaled. The lids are red, swollen, and oedematous, 
especially the upper, and spasmodically closed, with profuse 
gushes of hot tears upon opening them ; sac-like swelling of the 
conjunctiva, and yellow, purulent, mucous discharge; pain in 
and around the eye ; swelling of the cheek and surrounding parts. 
In suppurative inflammation of the whole of the uveal tract, of 
non-traumatic origin, and if the formation of pus has already 
taken place, Rhus will cause its absorption."-A. and N. 
"Sixteen cases of arthritic ophthalmia, mainly in gouty sub- 
jects, but some from working in water, with tearing pain in the 
eyes, especially at night, were cured by Dr. Ruckert." 
"The eyes red, agglutinated with matter, in morning."-Hah. 
Something like a veil before the eyes, obscuring the vision. 
Ears.-"There is a whistling or squeaking noise heard, or a 
ringing when walking, which changes to a loud resonance when 
lying down, as if the membrana tympani were burst."-D. 
Erysipelatous inflammation of the external and internal ear, 
vesicular in nature, with excessive otalgia. 
Discharge of bloody pus from the ear in acute inflammation, 
excoriating. 
"Parotids; suppurating, during scarlatina."-Hg. 
Nose.-"Nosebleed; blood dark; at night when stooping and 
when clearing the throat; scabs about the nares."-D. 
"Large quantities of nasal mucus run involuntarily from the 
nose, as in the moist, severe coryza, although he has no coryza, 
in the morning after arising from bed."-Hah. 
Hot, acrid discharges from the nares in scarlatina. 
"Swelling of the nose ; the tip is red and painful to the touch, 
as if it would suppurate."-Dr. Franz. [Boils and erysipelas.] 
"Frequent, very violent, spasmodic sneezing."-Hah. 
The breath seems so hot that it burns the nostrils. 
791 792 
RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
Face.-Great swelling of the face; vesicular erysipelas, the 
eyes are closed from the swelling, with delirium and high fever. 
"Sickly expression, sunken face; blue rings around the eyes." 
-Hah. 
"Violent burning in the swollen face."-Hah. [Acute erysip- 
elas.] 
"Cramp-like pain in the articulation of the lower jaw, close 
to the ear, during rest and motion of the part."-Dr. Franz. 
"There is a constant desire to yawn, until it seems as though 
the jaw would break."-D. 
Mouth.-"The gums burn and are sore; teeth loose; the 
toothache is a jerking pain extending into the head."-D. 
"Corners of the mouth sore and ulcerated; fever blisters 
around the mouth."-Jig. 
"Putrid taste; after the first mouthful, has no appetite."-G. 
"Sensation of dryness, which persists notwithstanding all the 
patient may drink."-D. [Typhoid diseases.] 
"Tongue; dry, red, cracked; has a triangular red tip-white 
often on one side; yellowish; covered with brown mucus; takes, 
imprint of teeth."-Hg. [Typhoid enteritis.] 
"Much tough mucus in the mouth and throat."-Hg. 
"Saliva bloody, runs out of the mouth during sleep."-Hg. 
Breath excessively putrid in typhoid and diphtheria. 
Throat.-"Sore throat, deglutition difficult; sticking pains; 
much swollen externally, the maxillary and parotid glands greatly 
enlarged."-Caroline Le Beau, M. D. [Putrid diphtheria.] 
Parotid glands highly inflamed and enlarged, in scarlatina; 
swallowing nearly impossible ; diphtheria and variola. 
Great thirst and dryness of the throat, in typhoid conditions. 
"Unable to drink, as if the pharynx were paralyzed, with dry- 
ness of the throat."-Hah. [Scarlatina and gastro-enteritis.] 
Throat swollen, especially the parotids ; erysipelatous inflam- 
mation of the fauces and tonsils; cellulitis; swallowing nearly 
impossible; in tonsillitis and diphtheria. 
Appetite.-Complete loss of appetite, in fevers. 
"Ravenous hunger and emptiness in the stomach, with com- 
plete loss of appetite in the palate and throat."-Dr. Franz. 
"Complete loss of appetite for all food."-Hah. 
"Desire for cold milk, water, or beer."-Stapf. 
"Thirst caused by sensation of dryness in the mouth."-Hah. 
"Unquenchable thirst, wants cold drinks, worse at night."-Hg. RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
Stomach.-"Nausea, after ice-water, or after eating, with sud- 
den vomiting; with inordinate appetite and inclination to vomit, 
worse after eating and at night."-Hg. 
"Fullness or heaviness, as from a stone in the stomach, after 
eating; or pulsation in the pit of the stomach."-Hg. 
"Pressure in stomach as if swollen, or drawn together."-Hg. 
Pressure in stomach as from a stone after eating; dyspepsia. 
Abdomen.-Enteritis or peritonitis; great distention of the 
abdomen, and typhoid symptoms, with involuntary stools. 
"Colic, he must walk bent; worse at night, and from wet."-Hg. 
"Violent colic, relieved only by lying on his back, with legs 
elevated vertically."-A. McNeil, M. D. 
"Sensation as if something was torn off in the abdomen, with 
visible contractions above the navel."-Hg. 
"Soreness as if beaten in hypochondria, and still more in the 
abdomen; worse in the side lain on, or motion."-Hg. 
"Excessive distention of abdomen, after eating."-Hah. 
Swelling, congestion, and inflammation of the inguinal glands. 
Stool.-Great pain before stool, which is greenish, and con- 
tains jelly-like globules, or flakes; jelly-like stools. 
Involuntary stools, with great exhaustion, in typhoid fever, is 
the great key-note for Rhus; the same in gastro-enteritis. 
Stools of blood and mucus, worse nights, with great tenesmus. 
"Diarrhoea with tearing pains down the legs; at every stool 
the pain streaks down the legs, which are powerless."-G. 
"Constant tenesmus, with nausea and tearing pains in the in- 
testines ; is rheumatic and has to change his position often to get 
relief."-G. [Stools watery, mucous, and bloody.] 
Sense of constriction of the rectum, as though one side had 
grown up; stools often like jelly, and excoriating. 
Cholera infantum, typhoid type; the child is very restless at 
night; has to be moved often to get relief. 
"Stools, watery; thin, red, mucous; yellow; bloody; jelly-like 
mucus ; yellowish-white, faecal; involuntary ; during typhoid from 
getting wet; cutting colic before stool; relieved after stool, by 
warmth, and continued motion."-J. B. Bell, M.D. 
"The craving for cold milk, and the laborious dreams, are very 
characteristic of Rhus."-Dr. J. B. Bell. 
"The stool is scanty, consisting of mucus, or a watery, jelly- 
like substance ; yellow streaked with white, frothy and often mixed 
with blood; before stool, a burning in the rectum; after stool, all 
pains are relieved. Itching and burning in the rectum, with 
smarting blind piles."-D. 
793 794 
RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
Urine.-Urine red and scanty; involuntary urination; or 
bloody, and discharged in drops ; acute renal inflammation. 
Snow-white sediment in the urine (urate of ammonia). 
"Urine high colored, scanty, irritating; becomes turbid."-Hah. 
"Retention of urine; back-ache, can not keep quiet."-Hg. 
"Urine voided slowly; spine affected from getting wet."-Hg. 
"Tearing in region of kidneys; oedema, after being wet."-Hg. 
"Tenesmus vesicae, discharges drops of blood-red urine."-Hg. 
Urine involuntary at rest and at night; rheumatic paralysis. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Erysipelatous inflammation of the 
whole generative apparatus ; the scrotum becomes thick and hard, 
with intolerable itching. No drug in the Materia Medica has 
such a tendency as Rhus has to produce inflammation and oedema 
of these organs. 
"The scrotum constantly became thicker and harder, with 
intolerable itching, extending toward the anus ; and sticking pains 
in the inflamed prepuce."-Hartlaub and Trinks. 
"Swelling produced by serous infiltration of the cellular tissue, 
redness of the cutis, followed by vesicular eruption, which forms 
a light scab or small white scales; the moisture exuded is limpid 
and acrid."-D. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early and too profuse. 
"The menstrual discharge causes a violent pain in vulva."-G. 
"Membranous dysmenorrhoea, in rheumatic females."-G. 
"Menorrhagia from a strain; in rheumatic females, worse at 
night; must change position often to get relief, and aggravated 
on change of weather."-G. [Rheumatic element predominates.J 
"Is particularly indicated where repeated drenchings in the 
rain have deranged the uterine functions."-G. 
"After labor, a vitiated discharge continues from the vagina, 
with shooting upward in the parts, and a bursting sensation in the 
head."-G. [Pelvic cellulitis in rheumatic females.] 
"The lochial discharge lasts too long, is thin, offensive, and 
occasionally bloody."-G. [Semi-rheumatic paralysis.] 
"For weeks after delivery, has much pain on the right limb, 
with numbness from the hips to the feet."-G. [Varicose veins.] 
"Abortion from a strain; pains worse in the last part of the 
night; very restless, has to change often to get relief."-G. 
"For weeks after delivery, has a terrible cough, which seems as 
if something would be torn out of the chest."-G. 
"The breasts are painfully distressed, red in streaks, with 
a rheumatic condition of the whole body."-G. RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
795 
"Intense itching and burning of the mons veneris, with watery 
vesicles, and stitching pains in the vagina."-G. 
Erysipelatous inflammation of the genitalia. 
"Amenorrhoea from getting wet;-with milk in breasts. Ha. 
"Milk leg; typhoid metritis after delivery."-Hg. 
Respiratory Organs.-Ichorous or yellow discharge from the 
nose, nostrils sore, with hot breath; great thirst. 
"Hoarseness, scraping, raw sensation in larynx."-Hah. 
"Frequent tickling in air-passages, provoking cough."-Hah. 
Tickling under the sternum that excites cough. 
"Acute catarrh; the nasal, laryngeal, tracheal, and bronchial 
passages seem stuffed up, commencing at about sunset, with sneez- 
ing, and dry, hard, tickling cough, continuing very severe until 
midnight, when all the sufferings are relieved; renewed next 
morning."-Dr. Boyce. 
"Terrible cough, which seems as if it would tear something out 
of the chest."-G. [Rheumatic in origin.] 
"A dry, teasing cough, coming on first before the chill, and 
continuing during the chill."-D. 
"Putting the hand out of bed, brings on the cough."-Hg. 
For acute cases of cough, with much prostration of the whole 
system, and for dry, racking, hard rheumatic coughs, where the 
case is apt to take on a low typhoid form, and is greatly aggra- 
vated at night, Rhus will be found of great value. In pneumonia, 
with brick-dust expectoration, or bloody sputa raised with great 
difficulty, accompanied with low typhoid symptoms. 
"Pneumoniar adynamic type ; free expectoration of thin, pus- 
like secretion, stained deeply with blood."-Jahr. 
Brick-dust expectoration of bloody sputa, raised with great 
difficulty, and accompanied with high fever, involuntary diar- 
rhoea, in the worst cases of pneumonia. 
"Haemoptysis, from over-exertion, blowing wind instruments ; 
blood bright red; pain in lower part of the chest, renewed from 
the least mental exertion."-Hq. [Rheumatic phthisis.] 
"Respiration hurried; oppression, anxiety, as if she could not 
get her breath."-Hah. [In rheumatic pneumonia.] 
"Oppression of the chest, at night, with sticking pains, espe- 
cially on breathing."-Hah. [Rheumatic pleurisy.] 
"With anxiety as if she felt a weight on the lower portion 
of chest, so oppressive that she breathes with difficulty."-Hah. 
"Palpitation of the heart, so violent while sitting still that the 
body moves with every pulsation."-Hah. [Rheumatism.] 796 
RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
"Organic diseases of the heart, with sticking pains and sore- 
ness, numbness, and lameness of the left arm."-Hg. 
Neck and Back.-"In region of the neck and back, we find 
stiffness of the nape and entire neck, with tensive pain and cry- 
ing out on moving. The sacral region is stiff when he moves, but 
pains when sitting, as if he had been stooping; stitching and 
pressing pains."-D. 
"Pain between the shoulders when swallowing."-G. 
"Stiffness of the small of the back; pain as if bruised, in the 
small of the back, whenever he lies quietly upon it, or sits still; 
on moving about he feels nothing."-Hah. 
"Heaviness and pressure in the small of the back as if one 
had received a blow, while sitting."-Hah. 
"A pressure as with a cutting edge across the small of the back, 
while standing and bending backward."-Dr. Franz. 
"Soreness in every muscle, which passes off during exercise." 
-Dr. J. S. Linsley. 
Extremities.-"All the limbs feel stiff and paralyzed during 
and after walking, with a sensation of a hundred-weight upon the 
nape of the neck."-Dr. Franz. [Rheumatic paralysis.] 
"Trembling of arms after moderate exertion of them."-Hah. 
"The limbs upon which he lies, especially the arm, fall asleep ; 
violent tearing pain in the arm, most violent when still."-Hah. 
"Sticking and drawing in the left arm, extending from above 
downward, and out at the tips of the fingers."-Dr. Helbig. 
"Pain in the left upper arm as if the muscles or tendons were 
unduly strained, when the limb is raised up."-Dr. Joslin. 
"Jerking tearing in the elbow and wrist joints, during rest, 
better during motion; loss of power and stiffness of the fore-arms 
and fingers on moving them."-Hah. 
"A powerless sensation in the upper part of the right fore-arm, 
on motion, and a pain as if sprained in the wrist when grasping 
anything."-Dr. Franz. 
"Rapidly increasing swelling of the fore-arm, which has ac- 
quired twice its normal volume ; skin rough ; itching intolerable ; 
heat very great, with loss of power of the arms."-Trousseau. 
In rheumatism with great swelling of the hands, if brought on 
from w7et weather, Rhus is our best remedy. 
"When grasping anything, feeling as if pins were pricking tips 
and palmar surface of fingers."-Dr. Berridge. 
The axillary glands are inflamed and swollen. 
"Tensive, aching pains as if the arms were luxated."-Joslin. RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
797 
These rheumatoid pains affect every part of the body, espe- 
cially the limbs and joints, and are all aggravated by rest, and 
relieved by motion. 
Lower Extremities.-"Lameness and stiffness, and pain on 
first moving after rest, or on getting up in the morning, relieved 
by continued motion."-Hg. 
"Great weakness of the legs, while walking in the open air, he 
is scarcely able to proceed, because they are so heavy and weary; 
after sitting an hour, all weariness disappeared; great weariness 
in the legs while sitting, disappeared on walking."-Hah. [Rheu- 
matic paralysis.! 
"Aching pains in the legs, inability to rest in any position but 
for a moment."- Dr. N. M. Payne. [Rheumatism.] 
"A pressive pain in both hip-joints on every step, and a para- 
lyzed sensation in the anterior muscles of the thighs."-Hah. 
"When lying upon the side the hips hurt; and, when lying upon 
the back, the small of the back hurts."-Hah. 
"Stiffness, tension of knees as if they were too short."-Hah. 
"Heaviness like a hundred-weight, in the hollows of the knees 
and in the calves, so that he could not move the feet."-Hah. 
"Tearing in knees and ankles, worse during rest."-Dr. Rukart. 
"Pain like a tingling in the tibia at night, while the feet are 
crossed ; she is constantly obliged to move the legs back and forth, 
and is unable to sleep."-Hah. 
"Sciatica, right side, dull aching pain, worse at night, in cold 
or damp weather; relieved by rubbing, heat, and when warmed 
by exercise; numbness and formication."-Hg. 
"Swelling and stiffness of joints from sprains, overlifting, or 
overstretching."-Hg. [Acute inflammatory rheumatism.] 
"Phlegmonous erysipelas of the limbs."-Hg. 
"The feet painful as if sprained, in morning on rising."-Hah. 
Aching pains in the ankles and hollow of the feet on walking, 
so that he must lie down after the least walk. 
"Stitches in the soles of the feet as if he were walking upon 
needles, in the evening."-Hah. [Chronic rheumatism.] 
"Great restlessness, she could not sit still on account of inter- 
nal uneasiness, but was obliged to move in every direction to get 
relief."-Hah. [Nervous fevers.] 
"Swollen about the ankles, after too long sitting; feet swell in 
the evening."-Hg. [Rheumatic oedema.] 
People that travel too much, have swollen ankles (oedema). 
Inflammatory rheumatism, aggravated by rest, compelled to 798 
RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
change position frequently, especially after midnight, which pro- 
duces intense pain; sour perspiration. 
"The cold, fresh air is not tolerated, it seems to make the skin 
painful. (This symptom is of inestimable value in treating rheu- 
matic patients.) "-D. 
Skin.-Vesicular eruption on any part of the body; burning 
and redness over large cutaneous surfaces, which soon swell up 
and become covered with watery vesicles, accompanied by almost 
intolerable itching, with a tendency to invade large surfaces, 
rather than to penetrate deeply into tissues; itching intolerably. 
"Rubbing the affected parts increases the eruption."-G. 
"Erysipelas with numerous vesicles, that burst, discharging a 
slimy liquid; after the lapse of twenty-four hours, itching and 
burning commenced, lasting hours; after about thirty-six hours, 
swelling of the parts, with violent itching and burning, increased 
on touching or moving the parts affected, as if pierced by hot 
needles."-Dr. N. M. Payne. 
"Covered from head to foot with a fine red vesicular rash, itch- 
ing and burning terribly, especially in the joints ; worse at night, 
causing constant scratching, with little or no relief, which felt 
very hard upon pressure ; skin burning hot."-C. Le Beau, M. D. 
"The face became red, enormously swollen, and oedematous, 
then also the hands and skin of the whole body became covered 
with a scarlet-like exanthema, with intolerable itching and biting; 
on the fourth day, the backs of the hands and legs became covered 
with blisters, that burst and slowly desquamated; violent vesicu- 
lar erysipelatous inflammation of the face and hands, attended 
with high fever."-Dr. Raue. 
"Great swelling of the face, double its natural size; regular 
phlegmonous inflammation."-Dr. DuFresnoy. 
"Eczema ; surface raw, excoriated ; thick crusts; oozing and 
offensive; burn and itch much."-Hah. [Use the cerate locally.] 
"Urticaria, from getting wet; during rheumatism; chills and 
fever; worse in the cold air."-Hg. [Of great value.] 
"Pemphigus; each bulla with a red areola."-Hg. 
Carbuncles and boils ; malignant and gangrenous. 
"Variola, eruption sinks and turns livid ; typhoid form."-Hg. 
"Scarlatina, miliaria; rash dark, fever high; drowsiness and 
restlessness."-Hg. [In the malignant form,of great value. No 
remedy known to the profession can equal Rhus for scarlatina. 
It will cure seventy-five out of a hundred cases. (Edema of the 
fauces, soft palate, and uvula; vesicular eruption, with great RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
799 
itching and burning; secretions acrid, and fever of a malignant 
type. Cold air is not tolerated.] 
Fever.-The fever of Rhus is marked, and of an adynamic 
type, with symptoms of erethism, excitement, and orgasm. 
Dr. Wurmb says: "The patients are generally strongly built 
persons who have hitherto been healthy; the typhoid for the most 
part comes on suddenly, runs a rapid course of a few days, to a 
high degree of development. At the same time with the disturb- 
ances in the vascular system, there is felt a strong sensation of 
illness, which advances at a more rapid rate than the other symp- 
toms do ; for example, actual debility is not so great as the sen- 
sation of debility, inasmuch as tolerably rapid and forcible mo- 
tions are still capable of being made. (N. B.-During convales- 
cence, the contrary condition obtains; the patients take them- 
selves to be stronger than they really are.) 
"Soon, however, the forces fail; movements become difficult 
and feeble, and the patients are constrained to lie quietly in bed, 
in one place. They complain of aching in the limbs, and some- 
times of violent pain in some joint or other, as in rheumatism; 
all symptoms aggravated in cold, damp weather. 
"These disturbances do not long continue alone; there are 
soon associated with them irregularities in the vascular system; 
viz., in the beginning, gentle, fugitive chills and heat, but espe- 
cially heat of the head; at a later period, the heat predominates, 
and at last it becomes continuous and is very violent; there is a 
tendency to a rush of blood to the head; roaring sounds in the 
head; the face is burning hot to the touch; the eyes shine and 
are moderately injected; the cheeks, lips, and tongue are of a 
deep red color; the thirst is very great; the pulse 110 to 112 in a 
minute ; the temperature elevated. Even at the beginning of the 
vascular excitement hemorrhages occur, especially from the nose, 
and in women, from the genitals. The former almost always 
afford relief; the latter, which are generally mistaken for the 
menstrual flow, last but a few hours, or, at the most, a day, and 
produce no change in the condition of the patient. 
"The symptoms of a change in the composition of the blood 
appear in a moderate degree only and somewhat later. There 
appear upon the skin small ecchymoses ; the expectoration has a 
bloody tinge ; the stools rarely contain blood. The nervous func- 
tions are always powerfully affected ; they are oppressed and re- 
stricted. The organs of sense, are, in the beginning, in a condi- 
tion of over-excitability. There is a great sensibility to light, 800 
RHUS TOXICODENDRON. 
noise, etc. At a later period, the opposite condition obtains; the 
patients become insensible to external influences, complain of 
nothing whatever, and lie in a condition of atony." 
Slow fevers; tongue dry and brown, or red, as if it had been 
skinned; sordes on the teeth; bowels loose; great weakness; 
powerlessness of the lower limbs, can hardly draw them up; 
with great restlessness after midnight; has to move often to get 
relief. 
"Soreness as if beaten in the hypochondriac region, and still 
more in the abdomen ; worse in the side on which he lies ; worse 
when turning, and more when beginning to move."-Hah. 
"Fever about 6 p. m., warmth of the body, with internal and 
external heat of the head, and shivering over the body, without 
thirst; at the same time stretching, drawing weakness in the 
limbs; headache like a dullness and compression in the side of 
the occiput; together with violent cough ; very short breath, and 
pain in the throat, as if the tonsils were swollen; slight perspira- 
tion over the whole body toward morning."-Hah. 
"Constant chilliness as if cold water was poured over him, or 
as if the blood was running cold through the veins, 7 p. m., feels 
cold when he moves; followed by general heat, as from hot 
water, or hot blood running through the veins."-Hg. 
"Sweat, during the heat; violent itching of the eruption."-Hg. 
Sour, musty, or putrid sweat, especially mornings, in rheu- 
matism, is a marked characteristic of Rhus. 
Profuse- sweat, odorless but not exhausting, in the morning. 
It acts especially on the right side of the body, and is of great 
use in cases arising from excessive bodily exercise, bruises, falls, 
sprains, and from getting wet when heated. 
Aggravation.-While at rest; on beginning to move ; before 
a storm of rain, especially from getting wet while perspiring; 
cold, wet weather; after midnight; from anything cold; from 
sprains; at night, and from getting wet or damp in cold places, 
or in winter. 
Amelioration.-From continuous motion; in moving the 
affected parts ; in warm, dry weather; from wrapping up the head 
or parts; from warm or hot things ; after breakfast; during the 
day; change of position; from stretching out the limbs, and mo- 
tion in the open air. ROBINIA PSEUDO-ACACIA. 
801 
ROBINIA PSEUDO-ACACIA. 
Black Locust. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh bark of young twigs, Class III. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Ipecac., Cham., Coffee, 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Robinia has two special centers 
of action : 
I. Vagi. (Centric.) Nausea and Vomiting (Excessively Acid). 
II. Gastro-Intestinal Canal. Indigestion; Excessive Irritability. 
Pneumogastric Nerve.-The action of Robinia upon the vagi 
is probably at their origin in the base of the brain. Through this 
nerve, it acts as a powerful emetic, and produces the most acid 
state of the stomach of any remedy in the Materia Medica. This 
was noted when I first introduced the remedy to the profession; 
and all who have used it testify to this fact. The vomited matter 
is so intensely sour that the teeth are set on edge. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-The great depression of the vagi 
produces such excessive acidity that digestion is arrested and 
there are all the symptoms of indigestion, with flatulence, consti- 
pation, and excessive irritability, equal to that of Chamomilla. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Digestive Organs.-Robinia is especially useful in gastric 
diseases and sick-lieadaclie. 
Excessive acidity of the stomach. In infants, the whole child 
smells sour from the excessively acid secretions. 
Vomiting of intensely sour fluid, setting the teeth on edge. 
Frequent eructations of sour fluid ; indigestion. 
"Water taken before retiring at night, returned in the morning 
green and sour."-Dr. Smedley. [Indigestion.] 
Sour eructations of infants ; the whole child smells sour. 
Dull, heavy, squeezing pains in the stomach, especially after 
every meal; with nausea and acid vomiting. 
Nausea, with vomiting of intensely acid fluid in migraine. 
Great distention of the stomach and bowels, with flatulency; 
the intestines distended almost to the point of rupturing, with 
severe colic, and acid diarrhoea. 802 
RUMEX CRISPUS. 
Sour stools of infants, the whole child smells sour (Calcarea). 
Robinia has proved of great value in cholera infantum, where 
the child smells intensely sour; the stools green and watery; with 
much tympanitis; colic ; and accompanied with excessive irrita- 
bility of the patient. (Like Chamomilla.) 
Desire for stool, but only flatulence passes off; finally, consti- 
pated stool; from indigestion. 
Diarrhoeic stools, yellow, green, burning, with nervous agita- 
tion, weakness, cold sweat, and dyspnoea. 
Low spirited, with excessive irritability, from indigestion. 
Robinia has cured many old, obstinate cases of dyspepsia, with 
excessive acidity and flatulence. 
Head.-Dull frontal headache; much aggravated by motion, 
with neuralgic pains in the temples; migraine. 
For sick-headache, with eructations and vomiting of exces- 
sively acid secretions, this is a capital remedy, especially if the 
patient is very irritable and desponding. 
Aggravation.-Motion, pressure; afternoon, and at night. 
Amelioration.-Quiet; and in the morning. 
RUMEX CRISPUS. 
Yellow Dock. 
Habitat: Europe, America, etc. Tincture of fresh root in Spring, Class I. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Bell., Hyos., Con., Lach., Phos. 
Through the vegetative nervous system, Rumex Crispus has four 
special centers of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. (Larynx, Trachea.) Hyperesthesia. 
II. Skin. Herpes; Scabies; Greatly Aggravated by Cold Air. 
III. Lymphatics. Hypertrophy; Secretions Acrid. 
IV. Digestive Organs. Morning Diarrhoea. 
Mucous Membranes.-The action of this drug is upon nearly 
all of the mucous membranes; but its main action is centered 
upon the mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea, diminish- 
ing its secretions, and exalting in a very marked degree its sensi- 
bility, similarly to the action of Belladonna, Conium, Lachesis, 
Causticum, and Phosphorus. "Rumex diminishes the secretions, RUMEX CRISPUS. 
803 
and at the same time exalts, in a very marked manner, the sensi- 
bility of the mucous membranes of the larynx and trachea, exceed- 
ing in extent of this exaltation, any remedy known to us. The 
cough, therefore, is frequent and continuous, to an extent quite 
out of proportion to the degree of organic affection of the mucous 
membrane. It is dry, occurs in long paroxysms, or, under cer- 
tain circumstances, is almost uninterrupted. It is induced, or 
greatly aggravated, by any irregularity of respiration, such as a 
respiration a little deeper or more rapid than usual; by an inspi- 
ration of air a little colder than usual; by irregularity of respira- 
tion, or motion of the larynx and trachea, and by external press- 
ure. The subjective symptoms are rawness and soreness in the 
trachea, extending a short distance below the supra-sternel fossa, 
and laterally in the bronchi, provoking the cough. This tickling 
is very annoying and persistent, and only partially relieved by 
coughing. The cough occurs chiefly, or is much worse, in the 
evening after retiring, and at the same time the trachea is partic- 
ularly sensitive to cold air, so that the patient often covers the 
head with the bedclothes to avoid the cold air of the apartment, 
and refuses to speak, or even to listen to conversation, lest his 
attention should be withdrawn from the supervision of his respir- 
atory acts, which he performs with the most careful uniformity 
and deliberation, and all in the hope of preventing the distressing 
tickling and harassing cough."-Dr. Dunham. 
By its action upon the digestive mucous membrane, it pro- 
duces diarrhoea (more so mornings). 
Skin.-Rumex causes an intense itching of the skin, which is 
greatly increased by exposure to cold air; and it has proved of 
great value in scabies, herpes, and many chronic skin diseases. 
Lymphatic System.-The lymphatics become enlarged, and 
their secretions perverted. Rumex has been found useful in 
scrofulous enlargement of glands, and ulceration in various parts 
of the body. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Respiratory Organs.-Through the superior laryngeal nerve, 
the sensibility of the mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea 
becomes greatly exalted. This is the ruling characteristic for the 
use of Rumex. 
"Violent, incessant, dry, fatiguing cough, with little expectora- 
tion ; aggravated by pressure, talking, and especially by inspiring 
cool air, and at night."-D. 804 
SABINA. 
"Raw pain under each clavicle while hawking."-Blair. 
"Sense of excoriation behind the sternum; the left chest is 
more often affected than the right."-I). 
The most violent cough is a few moments after lying down, 
and at night. In some cases, there is complete aphonia. 
This remedy is especially useful in affections of the larynx and 
trachea. It may well be called a specific for that dry, teasing 
cough noted above, preventing sleep. 
Stool.-A brown, watery diarrhoea occurring early in the morn- 
ing, with rumbling in the umbilicus, and colic before stool, is a 
marked indication for this drug. 
In General.-Very sensitive to the open air, especially if cold. 
■Great languor and restlessness in the evening. 
Aggravation.-From cold, damp, raw weather; and the cough, 
especially in the evening, from cold air, and on lying down; the 
diarrhoea early in the morning, driving the patient out of bed. 
Amelioration.-Through the day; after eating; and the cough, 
from warm air, and being covered up. 
SABINA. 
Common Savine. 
Habitat: Europe, Asia, America, etc. Tincture of the fresh leaves, Class III, 
Antidotes.-Camph., Puls., Secal. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Sabina has six special 
centers of action: 
I. Gastro-Intestinal C. Violent Inflammation; Stools of Blood. 
II. Mucous Membranes. (Intestinal.) Acute Inflammation. 
III. Urinary Organs. Atvtie Inflammation; Albuminuria. 
IV. Sexual 0., Female. Congestion; Inflammation; Abortion. 
V. Circulation. Small Doses Stimulate; Large, Paralyze. 
VI. Fibrous Tissue. Arthritis; Condylomata. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-Sabina, in large doses, is a violent 
irritant to the gastro-intestinal canal, producing intense conges- SABINA. 
805 
tion; nausea and vomiting; inflammation of the intestinal mu- 
cous membrane, extending to the peritoneum ; with intense pain; 
purging, and death. 
"Two drachms of powered Savine were given to a terrier dog in 
his food. In two hours and a half, it began to vomit, and con- 
tinued to do so, at intervals, for an hour and a half. It then lay 
down exhausted, and in two hours afterward was found in the 
same position, insensible and comatose, with a slow, laboring 
pulse. In this condition, it remained for eight hours, passing 
a good deal of blood by stool. At the expiration of fourteen 
hours, the animal died. The brain was found gorged with blood; 
the lower bowels were highly congested, and contained blood. In 
most cases of poisoning, in man, signs of violent inflammation of 
the intestinal mucous membrane and of the peritoneum were de- 
tected after death."-Stille. 
Urinary Organs.-Large doses act powerfully upon these 
organs, producing congestion, inflammation, great strangury, 
and voiding of large quantities of bloody urine, which is often al- 
buminous. In some cases, the urine is completely suppressed. 
The first effect is to greatly increase the flow of urine, due to 
increased blood-pressure in the kidney. 
Ovario-Uterine Organs.-The first effect of Sabina upon these 
organs is that of a powerful stimulant upon the vascular system 
of the ovaries and uterus. This is most beautifully shown in its 
power of arresting menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. Toxic doses 
have a powerful action upon the uterus, producing 
inflammation, hemorrhage, and in the pregnant, abortion and 
death. Its use as an abortifacient is accompanied by the gravest 
dangers to life. It is only by the production of violent irritation 
of the gastro-intestinal canal, and pelvic organs, that the pregnant 
uterus can be stimulated to expel its contents; and such doses 
often produce death. Bartholow says: "The evidence is conclu- 
sive that Savine exerts a powerful influence on the uterine system.. 
It increases the menstrual flux, and in toxic doses may originate 
uterine action and cause abortion." 
"This drug acts as a tissue irritant to the ovaries and uterus, 
the latter in particular, causing primarily intense active conges- 
tion, inflammation, and disorganization ; and, secondarily, passive 
congestion or anaemia, with torpor and actual paresis. It is, 
therefore, homoeopathic to sterility, with^excessive uterine irrita- 
tion, frequent and profuse menses, acrid leucorrhoea, ulceration; 
as well as sterility from uterine torpor, chronic congestion, ulcer- 806 
SABINA. 
ation, amenorrhcea; very scanty menses or passive metror- 
rhagia."-Hale. 
Dr. Hale thinks the lumbar center is first attacked in the 
action of Sabina, and the cerebral center by reflex action. 
"A case is reported by Mohrenheim of a pregnant female who 
took an infusion of Savine to produce abortion. It caused inces- 
sant vomiting, and some days afterw'ard excruciating pains, abor- 
tion, flooding, and death. Rupture of the gall-bladder was found 
on examination of the body,'and bile in the abdominal cavity, 
with peritonitis."-Stille. 
Circulation.-Sabina has quite an action upon the heart and 
circulation, as shown by many cases of poisoning. Sphygmo- 
graphic tracings show that the primary action of the drug is 
powerfully stimulant, and that it is followed by debility and 
languor. 
Fibrous Tissues.-"Sabina has the power to produce an ar- 
thritic diathesis, with condylomata; and, in the provers, it has 
caused an unusual number of symptoms relating to the joints, 
even so far as to set up heat, redness, and swelling. It has been 
used in both schools for what are vaguely called ' arthritic affec- 
tions.' The connection which has recently been traced between 
rheumatic gout and the uterine functions makes it probable that 
this is the malady in which, especially when recent, Sabina would 
be curative. I have used it once or twice upon these indications, 
with satisfactory results. It has occasionally relieved the par- 
oxysm of true gout."-Hughes. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Especially adapted to plethoric 
women, whose menses are habitually profuse, with drawing and 
tearing pains from the back through to the pubes."-G. [This 
drawing pain from back to pubes is a marked key-note for Sabina.] 
"Metrorrhagia of clotted and fluid blood, with pain extending 
from the sacrum, or lumbar region, to the pubes."-G. 
"Especially useful in protracted uterine hemorrhages, arising 
from a loss of tone in the vessels of the uterus, whether from dis- 
ease, or the weight and pressure of the foetus in utero; blood 
dark and clotted."-G. [Gouty subjects.] 
"Hemorrhage after abortion or parturition; the blood dark, 
having blackish clots, mixed with thin, watery blood; the pain 
extends from the back through to the pubes."-G. SABINA. 
807 
Excessive, debilitating menses, with abdominal spasms; the 
blood is partly fluid and partly clotted, with great pain in the 
sacrum, extending through to the pubes; gouty females. 
"The menses appear without pain, but are three or four times 
more profuse than usual."-Hah. [Rheumatic subjects.] 
Excessive uterine hemorrhage ; contractive labor-like pains. 
Walking lessens the flow of the menses. 
"Suppression of the menses is followed by a thin, fetid leucor- 
rhoea."-G. [In arthritic females.] 
"This is one of the best remedies we have to prevent abortion, 
at about the third month. Should be given in the 200th."-G. 
"Dysmenorrhoea, with violent pain extending from the back 
through to the pubes."-G. [Rheumatic in origin.] 
"Yellowish, ichorous, fetid leucorrhcea, and painful discharges 
of fetid blood every two weeks."-G. [At the climacteric.] 
"Leucorrhcea, after suppression of the menses ; inclining to be 
corrosive, with much itching of the vulva."-G. 
"Copious starch-like leucorrhcea, with drawing pains in the 
broad of the back through to the pubes."-G. 
"She is very nervous and hysterical, and, if she becomes preg- 
nant, is almost sure to abort about the third month."-G. 
"Dystocia; pain of an uneasy, bad feeling, extending from the 
sacrum through to the pubes."-G. [In rheumatic, gouty females.] 
"Almost insatiable desire for an embrace."-Hg. 
"Condylomata in joints, with sore, burning pains."-G. 
Metritis after labor, with severe after-pains, from back to 
pubes. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"Sexual desire increased, with violent 
erections."-Hg. 
"Inflammatory and rheumatic gonorrhoea, with discharge of 
pus."-Hg. 
"Sycotic excrescences, with burning soreness."-Hg. 
Prepuce inflamed, and very painful; rheumatic gonorrhoea. 
Urinary Organs.-"Diminished discharge of red urine, with 
strangury. "-Hg. 
Inflammation of the kidneys, with retention of urine, or dis- 
charge by drops, with burning; ardor urinae, in rheumatic subjects. 
Urine bloody and highly albuminous ; arthritic subjects. 
"Frequent urging to urinate, with profuse discharge."-Hg. 
"Vesical irritability, depending on gouty diathesis."-Hg. 
Digestive Organs.-Quivering in the abdomen as if there was 
something alive in it, resembling foetal movements. 808 
SABINA. 
"Writhing and pinching in the abdomen; in the umbilicus; 
frequently recurring with increasing violence and a sensation as if 
vomiting would come on, without nausea."-Buchner. 
"Diarrhoea, with pain extending from the back through to the 
pubes."--G. [In rheumatic, gouty females.] 
"Frequent urging to stool; finally a liquid portion is discharged, 
followed by a hard portion."-G. 
"Stools of mucus and blood, with frequent urging. 
"Constipation; stools difficult and painful; pain from the back 
to the pubes."-G. 
"Piles; discharge of bright red or dark venous blood, with 
pain from the back through to the pubes."-G. 
"Sensation of swelling in the throat as if he had to swallow 
over a foreign body."-Hah. [Globus.] 
"Dryness in the throat with drawing pain."-Hah. 
"Desire for acids, with loss of appetite."-VonPleyel. 
Vomiting of undigested food and bile; during pregnancy. 
Acid eructations ; with burning in stomach ; morning sickness. 
Head.-"Music is intolerable to her."-G. 
Great irritability of temper, with sour stomach, with great 
anxiety; hypochondriacal mood ;■ rheumatic subjects. 
"Great tiredness, with a feeling of deep-seated trouble, which 
makes him melancholy and sad."-Hg. [Gouty subjects.] 
"Painful sensation in the right frontal eminence and temple, 
as if the parts were pressed asunder; it comes suddenly, disap- 
pears gradually, and recurs frequently."-Hartmann. 
"Sense of painful stricture over the temples."-Hartmann. 
"Vertigo when standing, as if she would fall, with obscuration 
of sight. "-Hah. [At the menstrual period, in rheumatic females.] 
Back.-"Drawing pains in the small of the back, extending 
into the pubic region."-Hartmann. [Very characteristic.] 
"Constant paralytic pain in the small of the back, obliging him 
to bend the back inward."-Trinhs. 
Extremities.-"Pain as if sprained in the right shoulder joint, 
even during rest."-Hah. [Chronic rheumatism.] 
"Paralytic tearing along the right upper arm."-Dr. Hermann. 
"Pain in the right radius, increased by motion or touch."-Hah. 
"He found Sabina the most efficient remedy in gout; and, 
since it produces condylomata, it may be suspected that this 
malady, so much dreaded by our fathers, may have a sycotic. 
anamnesis."-Boenninghausen. SAMBUCUS NIGRA. 
809 
"Chronic arthritis ; can not bear a heated room; better in cold 
air."-G. 
"The middle of the anterior surfaces of his thighs feels bruised 
and painful."-Gross, jjn rheumatic, gouty subjects.J 
"Tearing pain in the metatarsal bones."-Hartmann. 
"Painful drawing in the joints of the right toes; worse from 
walking."-Hah. 
Great weakness and weariness of the limbs, with tearing pains 
at night, when very warm; better in cold air. 
Aggravation.-From warm air; in warm room or in bed; 
morning and night. 
Amelioration.-In open, cool, fresh air; during the day, and 
from cold. 
SAMBUCUS NIGRA. 
Common Eider 
Habitat: Europe, America, etc. Tincture equal parts of fresh leaves and flowers, Class I. 
Antidotes.-Camphor, Arsenicum. 
Through the cerebro-spiual nervous system, Sambucus has two spe- 
cial centers of action: 
I. Mucous Membranes. (Lungs.) Catarrhal Inflammation. 
II. Skin. Pozverful Sudorific. 
Mucous Membranes.-Sambucus acts upon the respiratory 
mucous membrane, producing catarrhal congestion and inflam- 
mation, asthmatic phenomena, and laryngismus stridulus. 
Skin.-Upon the skin, it acts as a powerful sudorific. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Respiratory Organs.-Very useful in catarrhal affections of 
the air-passages. 
Whooping-cough, suffocative in character; expectoration by 
day, at night scanty and tough ; whooping-cough. 
Suffocative attacks ; asthma of Millar. 810 
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 
Suffocative asthma, after midnight; much mucus in bronchi. 
"In suffocating cough of children, waking them up in the mid- 
dle of the night; accompanied by rough sibilant, wheezing, and 
great dysppoea."-Dr. Bayes. [Acute capillary bronchitis.] 
"Hoarseness with much tenacious mucus in larynx."-Franz. 
Fever from catarrh of the respiratory organs. 
Skin.-Profuse, debilitating night sweats. (Characteristic.) 
"I have found it of great use in checking debilitating perspira- 
tions which often retard convalescence after delivery."-Hughes. 
Aggravation.-During rest, and mornings. 
Amelioration.-From motion, and sitting up in bed. 
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 
Blood Root. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the green or dried root in fail, Class IV, 
Antidotes.-Camph., Rhus tox., Op. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Blood root has eight special cen- 
ters of action: 
I. Mucous Membs. (Lungs, Stomach.) Acute Inflammation. 
TI. Stomach. Violent Emesis; Acute Infl.; Increased Secretion. 
III. Liver Stimulated; Increased Biliary Secretion 
IV. Glands. Copious Salivation. 
V. Cerebro-S. S. Paralysis of Resp. Center; Spinal Paralysis. 
VI. Heart. Inhibitory Paralysis; Blood-Pressure Lessened. 
VII. Vaso-Motor System. (I) Stimulated; (£) Paralyzed. 
VIII. Temperature. Always Lessened. 
Mucous Membranes.-The mucous membranes of the stom- 
ach and air-passages, especially the latter, are most powerfully 
affected. The secretions of the intestinal mucous glands are but 
slightly increased. In the air-passages, and especially the stom- 
ach, Sanguinaria excites a feeling of heat, and greatly increases 
the secretions of the mucous membranes. No remedy is more 
irritating to this tissue. Snuffed up the nose, it produces violent SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 
811 
sneezing; and large doses violently inflame the mucous mem- 
brane of the air-passages and stomach, causing intense burning 
-of the stomach, with unquenchable thirst, great prostration, dim- 
ness of vision, vertigo, and collapse. In broncho-pneumonia, 
Blood root has proved of signal service ; and the same can be said 
of it in catarrhal inflammation of the stomach and dyspepsia. 
"It slows the respiratory movement, by prolonging the pause 
after respiration. This reduction is caused by a loss of tonos of 
the respiratory center. Small doses cause an irritation of the 
respiratory center, and consequently an increase in the number 
■of respiratory movements."-Dr. R. M. Smith. 
Digestive Organs.-Through the pneumogastric nerve, San- 
guinaria has a specific and powerful action upon the stomach and 
liver. Small doses excite a feeling of heat in the stomach, and 
increase the secretion of the mucous membrane. In large doses, 
it is an active emetic, producing nausea, most violent vomiting, 
and active inflammation of the stomach ; at the same time, greatly 
increasing the secretion of bile, and prostrating the muscles of 
the digestive organs, as shown by the great accumulation of gas 
in the stomach and bowels. 
"In one experiment three grains, in another one grain, of San- 
guinaria, when mixed with a small quantity of bile and water and 
placed in the duodenum, powerfully stimulated the liver. It ren- 
dered the bile more watery; nevertheless, it caused the liver to 
secrete more biliary matter in a given time. The secretion of the 
intestinal glands was slightly increased by these doses."-Ruther- 
ford and Vignal. 
Glands.-It produces copious salivation. For its action upon 
the liver, see above. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Its action is shown on this system 
by the vertigo, dilated pupils, clonic convulsions, anaesthesia, 
great prostration, and death. "Sanguinaria destroys life through 
paralysis of the respiratory center. It causes clonic convulsions 
of a spinal origin. It causes marked adynamia and prostration 
from its depressing action on the spinal ganglia and muscles. It 
produces reflex excitability through irritation of Setschenow's cen- 
ter and by ultimate paralysis of the spinal ganglia, from large 
doses. When introduced into the circulation, it diminishes mus- 
cular contractility."-Dr. R. M. Smith. 
Circulation.-Through its action upon the pneumogastric 
nerve and the vaso-motor system, Sanguinaria first stimulates 812 
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 
the heart's action, which is soon followed by great depression, 
and irregular action of the heart. 
"It produces, in cats, dogs, and rabbits, a fall of pulse and 
blood-pressure, the fall of the latter being preceded by a tempo- 
rary rise after the administration of proportionally small doses. 
The fall of blood tension is caused by a paralysis of the vaso- 
motor center, and by a paralysis of the heart itself, probably of 
its muscular structure [through the vagi]. The temporary rise 
in the blood-pressure is due to irritation of the vaso-motor center, 
previous to its paralysis, by small doses. The reduction of the 
pulse is due to direct action of the poison on the heart through 
paralysis of its motor power. It always lowers the temperature." 
-Dr. H. M. Smith. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Respiratory Organs.-This is a precious remedy for cough, 
either in the sub-acute or chronic form, where the larger bronchial 
tubes are involved, and the stage of mucous secretion has been 
reached. The cough sounds very loose; but the secretion of mu- 
cus is expectorated with great difficulty, like Kali bichromicum. 
"I prescribe it in a certain troublesome, harassing cough with- 
out marked inflammatory action, when you are uncertain whether 
you are dealing with a chronic bronchitis or an incipient tuber- 
culosis. It has done me more good in pulmonary diseases than 
any other single remedy. Calcarea 200th, one powder before 
breakfast, and one powder of Sanguinaria 1st an hour after each 
meal, has procured me more reputation and business than any 
other one prescription I have ever made."-IF. H. Holcombe. 
For loose catarrhal cough, with offensive breath, headache, 
sore throat, red cheeks, and pains in the chest, threatening 
pneumonia, the 3d decimal of Nitrate of Sanguinaria is of won- 
derful efficacy. 
"Sanguinaria has also, like Phosphorus, a feeling of emptiness 
and goneness in the region of the stomach ; but it occurs particu- 
larly after eating. Flashes of heat to the face similar to Sulphur, 
but leaving behind them circumscribed red spots on the cheeks 
similar to hectic ; constant tickling at the entrance of the larynx, 
causing continuous cough, which is worse in the evening, on lying 
down, with crawling sensation extending down beneath the ster- 
num ; chest sore and painful to the touch (Calcarea); sensation 
of hot steam passing from chest to abdomen, cold hands and blue 
nails. The breath and sputa smell badly even to the patient; dysp- SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 
813 
ncea extreme; disposition to take a long breath, which is followed 
by intense pain in right side of chest. Great lassitude, especially 
in the evening; does not want to move or make any mental exer- 
tion ; stools predominantly loose. The cough is relieved by pass- 
ing flatus upward and downward."-C. C. Smith, M. D. 
In pseudo-membranous bronchitis, Dr. T. Nichol places this 
remedy next to Kali bichromicum, and finds it difficult to give 
the differential diagnosis between the two drugs. He says: 
"When the sibilant rale predominates and the faint and almost 
absent mucous rale shows that the pseudo-membrane is closely 
adherent to the wall of the bronchial tubes, Sanguinaria should 
be given. Should the sibilant rale be less violent and the mucous 
rale indicate a less tenacious membrane, Kali bichromicum is in 
place. Both-remedies should be given in material doses, for the 
high dilutions are veritably high delusions here." 
Dr. Nichol claims no remedy can equal it in general membra- 
nous croup. The membrane is difficult to detach ; constant and 
incessant dry cough on lying down at night, relieved by sitting up. 
This is a very useful remedy in inflammation of the lungs, bron- 
chitis, and asthma; with tough, rusty-colored sputa; excessive 
dyspnoea; patient lies on his back, pulse small and quick; second 
stage. 
"Dry cough, with tickling in the throat-pit, and a crawling 
sensation extending down beneath the sternum."-Dr. Tinker. 
Persistent dyspnoea and inclination to take a deep inspiration. 
"Intense burning pain between the breasts, most severe on the 
right side, in region of liver."-Dr. H. H. Pilling. 
This burning is from inflammation of the stomach and liver. 
"Sharp, piercing pain in the right breast; very difficult to 
take a full inspiration."-Dr. Tinker. 
"Pain in right chest to shoulder, can hardly place hand on top 
of head."-Dr. Tinker. 
In acute and chronic catarrh of the nasal mucous membrane, 
a snuff of Sanguinaria has been of great utility. 
"Roundish or oval, whitish and raised patches on the mucous 
membrane of the nose, mouth, prepuce, and anus."-Hg. 
"Cough with coryza, diarrhoea."-Hale. [Bilious pneumonia.] 
"Aphonia with swollen larynx; rawness, burning ulcers, dry 
cough ceases when flatus is passed up or down; or as soon as 
diarrhoea ensues ; wheezing cough, worse at night."-C. C. Smith. 
Pneumonia with extensive hepatization; quick, small, frequent 
pulse ; violent palpitation, and dyspnoea. (Of great value.) 
Digestive Organs.-Ulceration of the mouth and fauces, 
mouth, gums, and throat feel as if scalded. Salivation. 814 
SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 
"Sensation as if the throat were completely closed by swelling, 
with pain on swallowing, as if he would suffocate ; throat very dry; 
tonsils inflamed, with tickling cough."-Dr. Tinker. 
"Throat feels raw; mouth and throat feel almost denuded of 
mucous membrane, as if burned."-Dr. Tinker. 
"In atonic, sub-acute, and chronic inflammation of the stom- 
ach."-Dr. Tully. 
"No remedy is more decidedly homoeopathic to acute gastritis. 
We have the terrible burning, the unquenchable thirst, pain, 
vomiting, and prostration that mark the disease."-Hale. 
"For sub-acute and chronic dyspepsia, this is one of our most 
useful remedies, with pyrosis, rising of burning, corrosive fluid 
from the stomach; digestion is imperfect from deficiency of gas- 
tric juice; food undergoes chemical decomposition, and gases are 
evolved in large quantities; this flatus is raised with great diffi- 
culty. This irritation is reflected through the pneumogastric nerve 
upon the lungs, producing a sympathetic dry cough."-Dr. Hunt. 
Longing for spiced food, or indefinite things. Dyspepsia. 
"Nausea, with salivation and much spitting."-Hg. 
Burning in the stomach, with bitter vomiting; gastritis. 
"Sensation of emptiness in the stomach, with faint, feverish 
feeling."-Fink. 
Burning in the stomach and acid pyrosis; dyspepsia. 
"Vomiting of bitter water; of sour, acrid fluids; of ingesta; 
of worms."-Dr. Tinker. 
"It arouses the liver; all cases of hepatic torpor, biliary con- 
cretions, chronic hepatitis, with burning pains."-Dr. Coe. 
"Stools yellow, thin, undigested; much offensive flatus ter- 
minates the catarrh."-Dr. Farrington. 
Jaundice, with nausea and vomiting. From malaria. 
"Diarrhoeic stools, mixed with much flatus."-Dr. Tinker. 
"Stools watery, thin, faecal, and undigested."-Dr. J. B. Bell. 
Urinary Organs.-High-colored, bilious urine; or copious 
pale urine; urine loaded with phosphates in pneumonia. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Emissions caused from indigestion; 
with much irritability and prostration ; very despondent. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early and too profuse, 
with sick-headache from occiput over to right eye. (Characteristic.) 
Annoying flushings at the climacteric age; goneness in the 
stomach; and dyspnoea; very dyspeptic at the climacteric. 
Morning sickness ; excessively acid vomiting and despondency. SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS. 
815 
Head.-"Sick-headache ; pain commences in the back of the 
head, rises and spreads over the head and settles down over the 
right eye, with nausea and vomiting; has to be in the dark and 
perfectly still."-Hg. 
"Anxiety, irritability; can not bear to hear persons walk across 
the room."-Dr.Farrington. [Migraine, congestion severe.] 
"Determination of blood to the head, with whizzing in the ears, 
and transitory feeling of heat; then a sensation as if vomiting 
would take place."-Dr.B. Fincke. [Sick-headache.] 
Distressing vertigo on rising up, can not turn quick from fear 
of falling, with faintness, in gastric affections. 
"Headache with nausea and chilliness; followed by flushes of 
heat, extending from the head to the stomach."-Dr. Bute. 
"Headache as if the forehead would burst, worse from motion ; 
sympathizes with the stomach, like sick-headache."-Dr. Bute. 
Eyes.-Burning lachrymation, from catarrh ; dilatation of the 
pupil; acute and sub-acute conjunctivitis. 
"Tinnitis from congestion ; ears hot; over-sensitive to noise."- 
Farrington. 
"Supra-orbital right-sided neuralgia; relieved only by holding 
the head tight to the floor."-Dr. Farrington. 
Ears.-Catarrhal affections of the inner ear and Eustachian 
tube, and for many throat affections which are so often the cause 
of deafness and otalgia."-Dr. Woodyatt. 
"Pain like a flash of lightning on the back of the head?'-Dr. 
Neidhard. [Epileptiform convulsions.] 
"Headache with distention of the temporal veins, which were 
painfully sensitive to the touch; small spots on the head and 
temples are especially sore."-Dr. Bute. 
Generalities.-"Burning of the palms of the hands and soles 
of the feet, compelling him to throw the bedclothes off the feet for 
the purpose of cooling them ; evenings. "-Dr. Bute. [See Sulphur. 
At the climacteric.] 
"Bheumatic pains in the nape of the neck, shoulders, and 
arms."-Dr. Bute. [Especially in lung affections.] 
"Burning heat, suddenly alternating with chilliness ; feels sud- 
denly warm, flying from the head to the stomach."-Dr. Bute. 
Locally, the Nitrate of Sanguinarina is very useful in diseased 
mucous surfaces ; ulcers and granulations. 
Aggravation.-Morning, and especially evening; from noise, 
light; motion and open air. 
4 meliorotion.-During the day; when quiet, and in the dark. 816 
SARSAPARILLA. 
SARSAPARILLA. 
Smilax. 
Habitat: America, Mexico, etc. Tincture of the dried root. Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Campli., Merc,, Lyc.. Nux vom. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Sarsaparilla has three 
special centers of action : 
I. Lymphatics. Alterative. 
II. Skin. Tettery Eruptions; Yellow-brown Color. 
III. Kidneys. Lithiasis; Urinary Calculi. 
Lymphatics.-Upon this system, it acts as a general altera- 
tive, similar to Mercury, and has been found of great use in scrof- 
ulous affections and in tertiary syphilis. 
Skin.-Tettery eruptions, and yellow-brown color of the skin. 
Kidneys.-Here is one of the most important centers for the 
action of this drug. It produces symptoms similar to gravel, and 
has been found of great utility in this disease. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Urinary Organs.-Frequent discharge of pale, copious urine. 
"Urine too often, copious and pale, or turbid, scanty, slimy, 
clayey and sandy."-Nenning. [Of great value in gravel.] 
"On urination, it is ineffectual, with pain in lower back, going 
forward ; distention of abdomen ; severe tenesmus."-Dr.Berridge. 
"Has to get up two or three times in night to urinate."-Hg. 
"Much pain after urinating; unbearable in women."-G. 
Dr. Hering gives many testimonies to the efficacy of this drug 
to relieve the sufferings attendant on gravel, especially with rheu- 
matic symptoms. 
"Passes gravel or small calculi; blood with the urine."-Hg. 
"Sand in the urine or on the diaper; the child screams before 
and when passing it."-Hg. [Excess of uric acid.] 
"Tenesmus of the bladder, with discharge of acrid pus and 
mucus."-Hg. SCUTELLARIA. 
817 
Skin.-Its action upon the skin is of great value, especially in 
eruptions following vaccination, as well as in boils and eczema. 
"Great emaciation; the skin becomes shriveled, or it lies in 
folds."-Lippe. [From chronic lithiasis or marasmus.] 
"Nipples become retracted and insensible."-Dr. H. C. Allen. 
Old syphilitic patients whose condition seems hopeless ; whose 
constitutions have been undermined by want of nourishment, or 
by excesses, and who have gone through many courses of Mercury, 
whose irritable mucous membrane will not bear any more "Iodide 
of Potash, and who are so sallow, so worn, so broken down, so 
oaten up by disease, as to seem fit only for the grave. Give from 
twelve to sixteen ounces of decoction daily."-Dr. Clifford AUbutt. 
Dr. Teste claims that it will actually change red hair to a light 
flaxen color, used in the 18th dilution. 
Scrofulous affections, with excessive emaciation of the body, 
and in chronic abscesses attended by profuse discharge. 
Asthma.-Smoking the root has often relieved asthma. 
Aggravation.-Morning; from cold air and yawning. 
Amelioration.-Evening, and motion. 
SCUTELLARIA. 
Skull-cap. 
Habitat: North America, etc. Tincture of the fresh plant, Class III. 
Through the animal nervous system, Skull-cap has one special cen- 
ter of action : 
I. Cerebro-Sp. System. Excessively Hysterical; Hypercesthesia. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-The action of this drug would seem 
to be upon the excito-motor part of the animal nervous system. 
"It appears to manifest itself more particularly upon the gray 
nerve tissue; and, hence, it is adapted to, and exerts a wonderful 
power in, most of the difficulties which originate in a pathological 
condition of this structure. . . . It is of great virtue in fevers 
and other affections where the gray nerve tissue has undergone 
partial degeneration and disintegration, or where the nerve force 
is impaired by this peculiar pathological change. In subsultus 818 
SCUTELLARIA. 
tendinum following fevers, in delirium tremens, and other spas- 
modic affections, as epilepsy, catalepsy, and especially hysteria, 
this remedy is of vast importance. It is of great value as a tonic 
to the nervous system where there is general nervous debility, 
either from uterine disease, or other constant irritations of the 
nervous system."-Prof. Payne. 
Therapeutic Individuality 
General Indications.-This is one of our best remedies for 
hysteria, where the motor nerves and sensorium are much affected, 
with extreme nervous excitability. Many remarkable cures have 
been made with the Scutellarin. 
"Especially useful in cases of depression of the nervous and 
vital powers after long sickness, over-exercise, excessive study, 
or long-continued, exhausting labors."-Dr. King. 
"I have found it useful in sleeplessness, night terrors, hysteria, 
delirium tremens, nervous agitation from pain, or exciting emo- 
tions ; but it is valuable in cerebral irritation in teething children, 
or from intestinal irritation."-Hale. 
"The irregular action of the heart is due probably to derange- 
ment of the cardiac plexus. In the cerebral diseases of infancy, 
this irregularity is often noticed."-Hale. 
"The tremulousness and twitching of the muscles, show it to 
be homoeopathic to chorea and nervous jactitations."-Hale. 
"I have used Scutellarin lx in many cases of cardiac irritabil- 
ity, nervous palpitation, etc. It somewhat resembles Lycopus, 
but has not its depressing action, while it has greater power over 
the hyperaesthesia."-Dr. E. M. Hale. [Excellent in hysteria 
with excessive excitement.] 
Aggravation.-In close atmosphere. 
Amelioration.-Moving about in open air. SECALE CORNUTUM. 
819 
SECALE CORNUTUM. 
Ergot of Rye. 
Habitat: Europe, America, etc. Tincture of fresh Ergot gathered in moist, warm summer, 
just before harvest. Class III. Tnturat.on. 
Antidotes.-Camphor, Opium, Amyl nitrite, Ether, Alcohol, Tannin. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Ergot has ten special centers of 
action : 
I. Heart. Inhibitory Paralysis; Pulsations greatly Lessened. 
II. Circulation. Tonic Arterial Contraction; Veins Dilated. 
III. Temperature. Greatly Loivered, Sometimes 5 Degrees. 
Abortifacient; Violent Tetanic Contractions from 
Arterial Ancemia and Venous Hypercemia. 
Death of Foetus from Uterine Tetanus 
IV. Uterus. 
V. Stomach. Violent (Centric) Emesis; Hcematemesis. 
VI. Intestines. (Small.) Increased Peristal.; Wat'y Diarrhoea. 
VII. Sphincter Muscles. All Paralyzed. 
VIII. Cerebro-Sp. S. Formication; Muscular Cramp; Epilepsy. 
IX. Eyes. Pupils Dilated; Amaurosis, from Arterial Ancemia. 
X. Skin. Diaphoresis; Furuncles; Eczema; Gangr.; Purpura. 
Circulation.-The chief interest to the physician in regard to 
the physiological action of Ergot centers upon the heart and blood- 
vessels. "Although the heart is profoundly affected in acute poi- 
soning by Ergot, yet death is probably not due to this cause; since 
Wright found, that, after death, even though the heart was quiet, 
it commenced to beat as soon as the congestion was relieved by 
an incision, and continued to pulsate for fifteen minutes. 
"One of the earliest careful cardiac studies of Ergot is that of 
P. Eberty. He found that in the frog the injection of a gramme 
of Ergotine caused a diastolic arrest of the heart, and that the vis- 
cus was unable to respond at all to stimuli. It is inconceivable 
that this can be due to other than a direct action of the drug upon 
the cardiac muscle; yet Eberty seems to believe it is caused by an 
influence exerted through the pneumogastrics; and it is said, that, 820 
SECALE CORNUTUM. 
after division of these nerves, even very great quantities of Ergotine 
are powerless to produce cardiac arrest. 
"In man, full doses of Ergot unquestionably diminish the fre- 
quency of the pulse, since the phenomenon has been independ- 
ently noted by Paola, Gibbon, Arnal, Hardy, Beatty, Stille, and 
Prof. Bailly; but the method in which this reduction is brought 
about is uncertain. The amount of reduction varies from ten to 
thirty-five beats per minute; the largest doses rarely reduce the 
pulse below sixty. [In febrile affections, the influence of the medi- 
cine was more marked, and sometimes the pulse fell thirty-six 
beats in the course of five hours. Bonjean found that a drachm 
of Ergot lowered his pulse from seventy to sixty. In parturient 
females, Hardy observed that within fifteen to thirty minutes the 
medicine produced a marked diminution of the pulse, which some- 
times continued for several days.] According to Eberty's experi- 
ments, therapeutic doses of the drug produce in mammals, as in 
man, slowing of the heart's beat. It was found that in frogs the 
pulsations of thq heart were still affected after destruction of the 
medulla, but that, in mammals, after paralysis of the peripheral 
vagi by Atropia, Ergot was powerless to alter the cardiac rhythm. 
These experiments, if correct, appear to prove that Ergot acts as 
a stimulant to the peripheral cardiac nerves, and that the reduc- 
tion of the number of beats is due to this, and is independent of 
the nerve centers. Boreischa has noticed that toxic doses quicken 
the heart's action, and that, under these circumstances, galvani- 
zation of the par vagum has little or no effect upon the heart. It 
would seem, therefore, as if the drug first stimulated and then 
paralyzed the peripheral pneumogastrics."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Vascular System.-The chief effect of Ergot is upon the arte- 
ries and veins. "It is a fact that the arteries are contracted. 
These changes may be somewhat considerable, so that vessels of 
rather large dimensions appear as very narrow ones with thick 
walls. This contraction chiefly affects the small arteries; but 
even in the larger ones it is clearly recognizable. On the other 
hand, there is a dilatation of the veins. The condition necessarily 
attending these changes is a diminished quantity of blood in the 
contracted arterial system, and a corresponding increase in the 
contents of the veins. This fact may be directly observed in frogs 
and rabbits, and was observed by Wernich, not long ago, with the 
microscope in the web of the frog, and was drawn by Holmes, 
by means of the camera lucida, and micrometrically measured by 
Briesemann. SECALE CORNUTUM. 
821 
"Clinical experience of the action of Ergot in lowering the cir- 
culation of the blood entirely corresponds with this. This lower- 
ing action is an indisputable fact for the practical physician who 
has employed this drug, even though the direct experiments made 
on animals have been questioned from various quarters. The 
main question connected with this circumstance is how this vascu- 
lar contraction of the arteries is brought about. It was formerly 
assumed that Ergot caused contraction of the arterial vessels by 
stimulating their muscular coat, so that they were in a state of 
active contraction. This contraction of the arteries was then 
further traced to an influence which Ergot was supposed to exer- 
cise upon the vaso-motor center. A true cramp of the arteries 
was, therefore, regarded as the effect of Ergotine, a cramp that,, 
under some circumstances, might last long. A considerable 
shock has been given to this view of Ergotine's action, universally 
prevalent till quite lately, from the circumstance that the increase 
of blood-pressure to be postulated a priori from so strong a con- 
traction of the arteries has not been found by any of the later in- 
vestigators, except Eberty, in their experiments on blood-pressure 
with the kymographion. Thus, Holmes, Haudelin, Hermann, and 
Wernich found almost constantly a more or less considerable 
decrease of blood-pressure. The diminution of blood-pressure 
directly contradicts an active contraction of the arterial vascular 
system ; again, as Wernich shows, such a contraction is disproved 
by the beneficial influence on arterial aneurisms, which Langen- 
beck, Hermanides, and others produced by Ergotine injections. 
Lastly, it is opposed by Willebrand's observations, mentioned 
above, with regard to the diminution of volume of the heart. 
The question which must next arise is: How, then, is arterial 
contraction induced? If it is not active, it must be passive. 
The heart must, in a given space of time, pump less blood into 
the periphery than in its natural condition, because less blood is 
conveyed to it by the systemic and pulmonary veins; there must 
be an unwonted accumulation of blood in the veins. Such an 
accumulation of blood in the veins is only possible by a diminu- 
tion of the tone of the veins, as Wernich insists. This dilatation 
of the veins, this increased amount of blood in them, can be 
directly proved. According to Wernich's observations, it is the 
Wins of the mesentery, of the uterus, of the bladder,-the abdom- 
inal veins generally,-which show most clearly this engorgement 
after the introduction of Ergotine. 
"Wernich draws a parallel between the symptoms of Ergotine- 
poisoning in frogs and those which Golts has observed in his ex- 822 
SECALE CORNUTUM. 
periments on pulsation with regard to the circulation. In both 
cases, there is a strongly marked arterial anaemia, and an equally 
striking venous hyperaemia; in both cases, there is a diminution 
of cardiac contraction leading to entire cessation of cardiac action; 
in both cases, Wernich sees in the dilatation of the veins the pri- 
mary, in the contraction of the arteries and the action of the heart, 
the secondary, symptom. The arteries, therefore, collapse from 
want of sufficient quantity of blood, the action of the heart pro- 
ceeds more slowly or ceases altogether from diminution or entire 
cessation of the supply of blood to it; so that the action of Ergo- 
tine appears to lead to an accumulation of blood in the veins. 
The cause of the decrease of the tone in the smooth muscles of the 
veins has not been experimentally established with sufficient 
accuracy. It should be mentioned that Zweifel, in the treatise 
above quoted, comes to the conclusion, from careful experiments, 
that not only Ergot and its preparations, but a whole series of 
substances, produced arterial contraction, and that all these sub- 
stances have one property in common, that of producing consid- 
erable pain when subcutaneously injected. He therefore regards 
the action of Ergot on the vessels as by no means its chief action, 
but believes that to consist in its influence upon the central nerv- 
ous system."-Ziemssen. 
Temperature.-This is greatly reduced by Ergot, from its 
action upon the heart and vascular system. Cases are on record 
where the temperature has been reduced four degrees in the treat- 
ment of fibrous tumors by this drug. 
Uterus.-Through the nerve centers of the brain and lumbar 
region of the spinal cord, Ergot has a powerful and fixed action 
upon the pregnant uterus. "For the accoucheur, the fact is es- 
tablished that Ergot may increase pangs already existing; al- 
though many maintain that it can not originate them. Yet it has 
been proved by various investigators, especially recently by Schle- 
singer and Wernich, that, even in the unimpregnated uterus of 
animals, movements take place under the influence of Ergotine. 
But these movements, according to our present experience, as 
they respond to the physiological experiments Of the investiga- 
tors above mentioned, may be regarded, not as primary effects of 
the poison, but as secondary, and dependent on the arterial anae- 
mia produced by Ergotine, etc. Wernich's experiments appear to 
me here again to be valuable. According to them, in experiments 
on animals, as a rule, the change of the caliber of the vessels 
does not influence the discoloration and blanching of the uterus SECALE CORNUTUM. 
823 
till first movements of the uterus have been observed, of short du- 
ration and moderate intensity, but still so evident that there is 
no doubt of their existence. It is therefore sufficiently clear that 
it is not the arterial anaemia or venous hyperaemia alone which 
causes these movements. On the contrary, it might almost be 
assumed that the influence of Ergot upon the movements of the 
uterus proceeds solely from an influence of the poison upon the 
nerve centers of these movements in the lumbar region of the cord 
and its higher situated parts, as well as in the brain. But even 
in this case, some influence might be attributed to anaemia in- 
duced by the Ergot; only when we come to further reflect on the 
action of the poison on the spinal cord, the hypothesis of a direct 
action of the poison is much more simple, although the whole 
question appears as yet to be far from settled. The experiments 
of Schlesinger and Oser would go to prove, firstly, that the arte- 
rial anaemia is to be regarded as the stimulating cause of the 
movements of the uterus; and, secondly, that the uterine con- 
tractions are caused by excitement from the central organs. In 
this experiment, the exclusion of the flow of arterial blood to the 
brain, by ligaturing all the blood-vessels leading to the brain, 
produces in about half a minute general contraction of the uterus. 
The abortions produced by Ergot-poisoning are thus accounted 
for by its increasing uterine contractions."-Ziemssen. 
Prof. H. C. Wood says : "Upon the uterus of parturient women, 
Ergot exerts a very pronounced and fixed influence, increasing 
the length and force of the pains, and, if it be given in sufficient 
dose, causing after a time violent tetanic cramp of the whole 
organ. The drug certainly acts in this respect upon the lower 
animals as it does upon man, since Youatt states, that, in a large 
experience, both with monogastric animals and ruminants, he has 
never known the drug to fail in its action on the uterus of the 
parturient female. 
"The action of Ergot in producing contraction in the impreg- 
nated but not parturient womb is by no means so constant. Upon 
animals, Dr. Wright found it to fail in all of a number of trials, as 
did also Bonjean in a single experiment. On the other hand, 
Diez, Oslere, Percy and Laurent found it to cause abortion in 
guinea-pigs, sows, rabbits, cows, and cats; and M. Bodin has re- 
ported an epidemic of abortion occurring among cows feeding 
upon Ergotized grasses. The evidence of those who have used 
Ergot for the induction of premature labor in women tallies very 
closely with that which is brought forward in regard to the lower 
animals. To show that the fungus very often will act as an abor- 824 
SECALE CORNUTUM. 
xifacient, it is only necessary to quote Prof. Ramsbotham, who 
states that he has made a ' great number of trials ' and found 
that 'expulsive action soon followed its exhibition, with very few 
exceptions.' It can not be gainsaid, however, that very often the 
drug has failed; sometimes, no doubt, because of poor quality, or 
because given in insufficient quantity, yet sufficiently often to 
show that its abortifacient action is uncertain." 
The Influence of Ergot upon the Child.-Many cases are on 
record where Ergot, given to the mother to facilitate delivery, has 
unquestionably affected the child. Statistics show that Ergot, 
administered in tedious and difficult, slow labors has proved very 
destructive to the life of the child. "Dr. Moore, of New York, 
says : 'It appears to be injurious to the child at all times ; for, in 
every case in which I have seen it exhibited, the child has been 
stillborn ; and, in the greater part of them, it was not possible to re- 
store it to life and Dr. R. M. Huston maintained, that, even when 
given under all the favorable conditions admitted to be necessary, 
the medicine is still chargeable with the death of many children; 
and he refers to the experience of Church, Holcombe, Hall, and 
many others, for a confirmation of this statement. The above 
statement of the influence of Ergot upon the child, I believe, 
is over-estimated; but I also believe, that many a child owes its 
death to the tetanic contraction of the uterus caused by too early 
and too long-continued administration of Ergot before the uterus 
and vagina are prepared for the expulsion of the child. The 
constant and continued contractions of the uterus so compress 
the child's body that it stands to reason that it must act injuri- 
ously upon the foetus ; and the above facts should put us always on 
our guard, inhibiting its use in all cases excepting where it is 
thoroughly indicated."-Stille. 
Indications for the Use of Ergot.-"Dr. Stearns has given us the 
true indications for its use. He says: '1. In lingering labors 
when the child is low, the parts relaxed, the pains absent or 
feeble, and there is danger of delay from hemorrhage or other 
alarming symptoms. 2. When the pains are suspended and con- 
vulsions set in. 3. In inevitable abortion. 4. When the placenta 
is retained by uterine inertia. 5. In post-partum hemorrhage 
under like circumstances. Subsequent experience has confirmed 
the soundness of these rules, and has not made any essential 
addition to them.' . . . Dr. Meigs says that he scarcely gives 
Ergot as an expulsive agent. He chiefly employs it at the moment 
of, or just before, the birth of the child, in order to secure a good 
contraction of the womb in women who are known to be subject SECALE CORNUTUM. 
825 
to hemorrhage. To administer it merely for the purpose of hasten- 
ing natural labor and abridging the attendant's weariness of wait- 
ing, is wholly inexcusable, and argues a culpable ignorance of the 
powers of the drug. Several cases are reported where Ergot has 
occasioned rupture of the uterus, from the excessive spasmodic 
contractions. Rupture of the perinaeum, laceration of the os uteri, 
hour-glass contractions, retention of the placenta, and puerperal 
convulsions have been attributed to the indiscriminate use of the 
drug."-Stille. 
Digestive Organs.-The action of Ergot is mostly spent upon 
the stomach and small intestines. 
"The most evident symptoms in the early stage of the action 
of Ergot-poisoning-retching, vomiting, diarrhoea, and salivary 
secretion-are consequences of the action of the poison on the 
sensory nerves of the mucous membrane of the alimentary canal; 
these are excited by the poison, and the excitement is communi- 
cated to the motor and secretory regions,-reflex action. 
"The vomffing which sometimes occurs in the later course of 
the poisoning is, perhaps, traceable to an action of the poison on 
the central nervous system. In the same way the subsequent 
diarrhoea is dependent on the influence of the poison on the ves- 
sels and the distribution of blood. We have no accurate knowl- 
edge as to the origin of the flow of saliva. In all probability, it is 
to be regarded as a reflex salivation, as it follows upon eating 
acrid substances, and precedes vomiting. The vomiting, depend- 
ent on the same cause, is connected with the early stage of mus- 
cular weakness. The muscular exhaustion, continuing for a longer 
time, is, on its side, produced by the changes affected in the cir- 
culation by the poison. . . . Results of autopsies: Putrefac- 
tion sets in very rapidly. The heart is found bloodless and flaccid; 
the lungs in a condition of venous hypertemia; venous injection 
of cerebral membranes very marked. Strongly injected patches 
are often found in the stomach and intestines, sometimes hemor- 
rhagic and even gangrenous erosions are met with. Evidences of 
venous hyperaemia are found in the abdominal glands, liver, and 
spleen, which are somewhat swollen and dark colored."-Ziemssen. 
"The fibers in the coats of the intestinal blood-vessels are cer- 
tainly not the only non-striated muscles upon which Ergot acts; 
indeed, the probabilities are strong that the drug influences mus- 
cular fiber of this character wherever it exists in the body. There 
is considerable evidence to show that it causes increased intestinal 
peristalsis. In Dr. Wright's experiments, the intestines were 826 
SECALE CORNUTUM. 
found in very active peristalsis at the post-mortem examination 
of the poisoned animal. Dr. Wernich noticed that very violent 
peristaltic movements followed the injection of Ergot, as was seen 
not only in the rabbits whose abdomens were opened, but in some 
cases even through the uninjured walls; and Haudelin has con- 
firmed his observations."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
From the involuntary stools and urine, we are led to believe 
that the sphincter muscles of the anus and specifi- 
cally affected by Ergot so as to completely paralyze them. Hypo- 
dermic injections have often caused such tonic contraction of the 
sphincter vesica as to render micturition impossible. And the 
drug has often been of signal service in paralysis of the bladder, 
the result of over-distention. The same may be said of the 
sphincter ani, when prolapsed or paralyzed. 
Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System (Spasmodic Ergotism).- 
Ergot has a marked action upon the brain and spinal cord. They 
are at first stimulated for a short time, which is soon followed by 
paralysis. This paralysis has often extended to the centers of 
respiration and cardiac contraction; and in chronic poisoning, 
the filaments of the sensory nerves are powerfully influenced. 
"When flour strongly impregnated with Ergot in the form of 
bread or other farinaceous food, has been eaten for several con- 
secutive days in some considerable quantity, the first symptom of 
Ergot-poisoning makes its appearance in the form of a peculiar 
irritation of the cutaneous nerves, much like the sensation of an 
ant creeping over the skin. This formication continues during 
the whole course of the illness, and is the last symptom which 
disappears. It affects chiefly the fingers and toes, but may also 
extend to other organs, e. g., the hands and arms. In some 
cases, the formication increases to actual numbness, and even to 
complete anaesthesia of the parts affected. Simultaneously with 
this formication, symptoms set in in the stomach and intestinal 
canal similar to acute Ergot-poisoning. Vomiting and diarrhoea 
alternate with violent colicky pains. Curiously enough, as a rule, 
this is accompanied with intense hunger, to satisfy w'hich they 
devour everything eatable that comes in their way. 
"Another symptom usually present is a peculiar sensation of 
discomfort, anxiety, and weariness, giddiness and general uneasi- 
ness. The patient also complains of distressing pressure in the 
pit of the stomach, and the formication grows into very acute 
pain. Then we get involuntary twitchings in various groups of 
muscles, e. g., in the tongue and in the extremities. These SECALE CORNUTUM. 
827 
Switchings soon pass into continuous contractions, which specially 
affect the flexors, so that the arm, e. g., remains fixed in a bent 
position. This muscular cramp will last a variable time, half an 
hour or even a whole hour, or more ; this cramp is also very pain- 
ful. The retching and vomiting are persistent; but the action of 
tiie bowels is sluggish. When the contractions pass off, a state 
of utter exhaustion remains. But soon the painful convulsion 
returns and 'rnakes the patient moan and groan continuously. 
The contractions now appear simultaneously in various groups 
of muscles, the epigastrium is tightly distended, the facial mus- 
cles are distorted, the legs are flexed. At the same time, the 
hands frequently assume a beak-like form, the fingers being con- 
tracted toward the middle finger, and simultaneously flexed toward 
the ball of the thumb; the foot assumes a similar form. The 
pupils are usually contracted, sometimes distorted; the eyes are 
fixed. The skin is covered with cold perspiration, the urinary 
excretion is suppressed; but, at the same time, there is violent 
dysuria, dependent on spasm of the bladder. The pulse is weak 
and low. In severe cases, the patient loses the power of sight 
and speech,-of hearing and consciousness. Delirium sets in, 
the face is pale and sallow, the head, like the body, feels cold, 
and thus, with the continuance of the convulsions, and gradually 
advancing cardiac paralysis, death may supervene. This may 
occur as early as the third day after the beginning of the symp- 
toms, especially when the contractions, as sometimes happens, 
attack the respiratory and spinal muscles, inducing opisthotonos. 
The loss of sight may be preceded by all possible visual disturb- 
ances, colored vision, double vision, etc. In many cases which 
do not terminate fatally, cataleptic and epileptic attacks occur, 
either with or without loss of consciousness. 
"The symptoms which mark the course of spasmodic Ergotism 
all point to a disturbance of the central nervous system under the 
influence of Ergot. The motor as well as the sensory centers in 
the brain and spinal cord are first excited, and later on paralyzed, 
by the poison. There can be no question that the convulsions, 
the disturbances in the organs of the senses, in the sensorium, and 
in the cutaneous nerves, are of central origin. But the question 
arises whether this effect of the poison is a direct one, or indirectly 
caused by the changes in the capacity of the vessels. It is known 
that convulsions may arise from arterial, cerebral, and spinal 
ansemia, as well as from excessive hypergemia, and more readily 
so from the former. The disturbances in the organs of sight and 
hearing are easily accounted for by the anaemia; and, indeed, a 828 
SECALE CORNUTUM. 
series of cases have been recently published of acute amaurosis 
after acute hemorrhage. Now, the accumulation of blood in the 
.venous net work which we have mentioned in acute Ergot-poison- 
ing, is closely analogous to acute hemorrhage. But, although we 
are led to assign a considerable share in the production of the 
series of symptoms to constriction of the arteries, it is impossible 
to exclude a direct influence of the poison upon the nervous sys- 
tem. There is no doubt that some of the symptoms depend upon 
the drain of fluid, caused by the repeated vomiting and diarrhoea. 
But the general symptoms are chiefly the result of the direct ac- 
tion of the poison on the mucous membrane of the stomach and 
intestine. The vomiting in the later stages of the illness may 
be regarded as central; and the later diarrhoea is traceable to the 
altered condition of the blood found in the intestine."-Zzemssen. 
Skin (Gangrenous Ergotism).-The poison of this drug has 
a special and most powerful action upon the skin. "Besides very 
abundant perspiration, pustules often break out, or even larger 
furunculi. The exanthemata sometimes resemble scabious ec- 
zema ; they appear in the later stage of the malady; as, e. g., in 
Aschoff's case, fourteen days after the appearance of the first 
symptoms of poisoning. But other disturbances of nutrition in 
the peripheral organs are also reported, as e. g., whitlows on the 
fingers, occurring as late as the fourth and fifth week, and diseases 
of the finger-nails, which are encircled by a dark ring. Car- 
diac contractions are generally slow and feeble, the arteries are 
constricted and contain little blood. The respiration is very la- 
bored during the spasms, but tolerably regular in the free inter- 
vals. When death supervenes, it is usually not till after a fortnight 
or later; the convulsions may have ceased; yet loss of sight and 
hearing, with violent headache, stupor, and delirium, may set in, 
attended with diarrhoea; and thus the fatal stage may assume 
the form of typhus and general collapse. Death is generally 
ushered in by either convulsions or paralytic symptoms. The 
whole form of the illness, therefore, is very variable, and its course 
highly irregular. The illness may last four to eight weeks, and 
even longer. 
"The symptoms which characterize gangrenous Ergotism as 
such often appear within from two to seven days, but are frequently 
delayed for two and three weeks. An erysipelatous redness shows 
itself on some spots in the periphery, most frequently on the toes 
and feet, but also on the fingers and hands, more rarely on the 
ears and the nose ; soon after, the epidermis is raised like a blad- SECALE CORNUTUM. 
829 
der by serous exudation; the ichorous contents of this are soon 
discharged, and a gangrenous spot more or less large is left. Then 
dry gangrene develops very rapidly at the affected spot. 
"The part affected is very painful while the redness is invading 
it; but later on it becomes quite insensible. The gangrenous 
spot may exhibit either the dry or moist form, according to 
whether the discharge was checked or encouraged ; upon this, also, 
depends the greater or less intenseness of the odor of putrefaction. 
In some cases, the gangrene was limited to one or more toes, 
sometimes only to single phalanges ; in other cases, however, the 
entire foot or hand was affected; not infrequently the gangrene 
extended to the trunk; it was possible for the patient to lose both 
feet or both arms. Indeed, a few cases are reported, in which all 
four extremities were lost. The gangrenous parts become separated 
from the healthy tissue by a well-defined line of demarkation, and 
the affected part may fall off itself, or must be removed by an 
operation. This process of demarkation is often attended with 
serious disturbances of the general condition of the patient; some- 
times a modified form of continued fever is developed, followed by 
phthisical changes; in a few cases, from absorption of ichorous 
matter, pyaemia and septicaemia set in, and are, of course, fatal. 
When the gangrene was confined to parts of minor importance, 
the patients usually recovered; greater losses were naturally more 
frequently fatal. In some cases, obstinate diarrhoea brought on 
marasmus and death, even when the extent of the gangrene was 
not very considerable. We must mention, however, that in many 
cases the diseased process did not advance beyond the erysipela- 
tous redness ; marked cyanosis may be observed, and yet a separa- 
tion may take place, and the circulation be restored. The dura- 
tion of the entire illness varies, and may be protracted through 
several months. In favorable cases, the course is ended in a few 
weeks. 
"This form of gangrene, like all other forms, depends on the 
fact that the part affected is deprived of its blood-supply, and its 
nutrition thereby arrested ; consequently, it must pass into a state 
of decomposition. The only question which can be advanced here 
is, whether it is inflammation which leads to gangrene, or 
whether the process is of a non-inflammatory character, re- 
sembling that which occurs when all the vessels going to a limb 
are ligatured. When we consider that the initial so-called erysipel- 
atous redness is simply dependent on the cyanosis, and that these 
spots are not, as in a case of inflammation, hot and swollen, but, 
on the contrary, they become very cold, and warmth can not be 830 
SECALE CORNUTUM. 
restored in them, and that the affected limb is not at all swollen, 
the hypothesis that such a gangrene is of an inflammatory charac- 
ter must, a priori, be rejected. When we further reflect that there 
is no fever at the onset, the second hypothesis becomes still more 
probable. Exclusion of an extremity from its ordinary blood-sup- 
ply is quite conceivable from our current views of the action of 
Ergot on the vessels and the distribution of blood. 
"The contraction of the small vessels, especially of the arteries, 
by Ergot, particularly when the vis a tergo, i. e., the cardiac 
contraction, is in a remarkable degree simultaneously affected by 
this poison, may lead to a complete emptying of blood, not only 
in the separate smaller vessels, but also in the larger vascular 
trunks; and it is conceivable, that, by the failure of the blood- 
supply, the arteries themselves (e. g., in the intima) may become 
diseased, so that thrombi readily form in them, and so the whole 
process may be characterized as thrombotic."-Ziemssen. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
General Indications.-"This remedy is often indicated in 
thin, scrawny women, and in those who are afflicted with melan- 
choly, anguish, dread of death; with constant sensation of press- 
ure and bearing-down sensation in the uterus."-G. 
"The patient is of a passive character; thin, scrawny, cachec- 
tic appearance, and subject to passive hemorrhages."-G. 
Women who have excessive and profuse discharge from all the 
secreting outlets; and are constantly cold; diseases that have 
a strong tendency to putrescence and gangrene. 
"Desire to be uncovered, even in cholera, with cold perspira- 
tion; worse from warmth."-F. [Especially children.] 
Intolerance of all covering, with cold skin. 
Mind and Head.-"The disposition is exceedingly melancholy 
and depressed, with apprehension and dread of death ; sometimes 
violent mania."-D. 
"Frightful anxiety and fear of death ; consciousness seems to 
continue till the last breath."-Dr. Richter. [Like Aconite.] 
"I have used Ergotine very successfully in very severe conges- 
tive headaches; in persons of lax fiber; large, phlegmatic, lym- 
phatic individuals, whose blood-vessels are doubtless relaxed and 
easily distended, almost to bursting, whenever the circulation is 
abnormally directed. Such headaches usually occur at the cli- 
macteric in women, and in old drunkards of both sexes. The pain SECALE CORNUTUM. 
831 
seems to rise up into the head from the back of the neck, the oc- 
ciput first suffers, then it extends all over the head, with great 
agonizing distress; face pale; extremities cold and livid. The 
congestion is more internal-central than general or peripheral; 
sometimes the head is drawn back by almost continuous contrac- 
tions."-Dr. E. M. Hale. 
"Quiet delirium, or grows wild with great anxiety; has a con- 
stant desire to get out of bed."-G. [Puerperal fever.] 
"Vertigo and stupefaction; with dull headache."-D. 
Unsteady gait, with feeling of great lightness, mostly in the 
occiput. 
"Pain and confusion mostly in the occiput."-Hg. [Epilepsy.] 
"Twisting of the head to and fro (hydrocephalus)."-Hg. 
Congestion of the scalp ; hair falls out, at the climacteric. 
"Pulsation in head ; giddiness, so that she can not walk."-Hg. 
Chronic congestion of scalp; hair becomes dry, gray, falls out. 
Eyes.-From the contraction of the arterial capillaries, we 
have anaemia of the eye tissues, with amaurosis; obscuration of 
sight; double vision, or complete loss of sight; fiery sparks before 
the eyes (asthenopia). 
Ergot-mydriasis I believe to be due to paralysis of the oculo- 
motor nerve ; making the eyes stare ; double vision and squinting. 
Eyes sunken, with pupils widely dilated. In cholera. 
Paralysis of the upper lids; general marasmus. 
"Eyes lie deep in the head, with staring look."-Dr. Strabler. 
"After Ergot-poisoning of a large number, many cataracts oc- 
curred in young people, twenty-three of whom gradually became 
blind, associated with headache, vertigo, and roaring in the ears. 
Of the cataracts, two were hard, twelve soft, and nine mixed."- 
Dr. Meyer. 
Ears.-"Roaring in the ears, with great difficulty of hearing." 
-Dr. Dreyssig. [Hard hearing after cholera.] 
The confused and difficult hearing is probably from anaemia 
caused by the arterial capillary contraction. This also accounts 
for the excessively acute hearing. 
Nose.-Constant nosebleed ; blood dark and thin. 
"Nosebleed; blood dark, runs continuously, with great pros- 
tration ; pulse thread-like ; old people, or drunkards ; nose stopped 
up, yet watery discharge runs from it."-Hg. 
Obstinate nosebleed in purpura haemorrhagica. 832 
SECALE C0RNUTUM. 
Face.-"Expression of the face most anxious; face pale, 
sunken, Hippocratic."-£>r. Richter. [Choleraic diseases,] 
Face pale and collapsed; pinched, contracted, and discolored. 
"Spasmodic distortion of the mouth and lips ; muscular twitch- 
ings usually commence in face, and then spread over body."-Hg. 
Lips deathly pale, or bluish. Choleraic diseases. 
Mouth.-Tongue clean, or coated white. 
Salivation, with fetid breath. 
White, moist, flabby tongue. Intestinal diseases. 
"Speech difficult, slow, and weak, with a feeling on every mo- 
tion as if there were some resistance to overcome."-Dr. Marcard. 
Great dryness of the throat, and inability to swallow. , 
"Burning in throat, with violent thirst."-Ilg. [Gastritis.] 
Unquenchable thirst, all stages of fever; gastro-enteritis. 
Excessive hunger; can not be satisfied; marasmus. 
Excessive craving for acids. 
Stomach.-"Unnatural appetite, even when dying from ex- 
hausting discharges from the bowels."-Dr. Saleme. 
"Excessive nausea and debility, with very little vomiting of a 
dark brown coffee-ground fluid."-Dr. Poyet. 
"Haematemesis, patient lies still; very weak; abdomen soft; 
no pain."-Hg. 
Vomiting of food ; bile ; mucus ; blood, and decomposed matter. 
"Anxiety and pressure in pit of stomach; great sensitiveness 
to touch."-Hg. 
Pain in pit of the stomach, with burning, and feeling of a 
weight in the stomach ; painful constriction of the stomach. 
Abdomen.-Coldness of the back and abdomen. 
"Cholera, cramps ; cold, clammy perspiration ; coldness in the 
back, abdomen, and limbs; cold, dry, livid tongue; serous vomit- 
ing; suppression of urine ; vertigo, and desire to sleep."-Rave. 
"Cholera infantum, great debility, vomiting, and diarrhoea; 
much thirst; pale face; sunken eyes; dry heat; quick pulse; 
restlessness and sleeplessness."-G. [Excessive tympanitis.] 
Abdomen excessively tympanitic. (Meteorismus.) 
"Sensation of coldness in the abdomen and back."-Dreyssig. 
"Strong pulsation in the umbilical region."-Hg. 
"Inclination to colic, diarrhoea ; bloatedness of abdomen."-Hg. 
"Enlargement of the liver; ulceration and gangrene."-Hg. 
"Paralysis of rectum; anus stood wide open."-Dr. Hirschel. SECALE CORNUTUM. 
833 
"Involuntary diarrhoea; putrid, fetid, and colliquative."-G. 
"Painful diarrhoea, with great prostration."-G. 
"Involuntary diarrhoea ; putrid, watery, fetid, brown, and pro- 
fuse, with great exhaustion; sinking of the eyes as in cholera; 
suppression of urine."-D. [With the above, the patient has 
great aversion to being covered or to heat.] 
"Hemorrhage from the bowels."-Dr. Hill. [Typhoid fever.] 
Urinary Organs.-"Paralysis of the bladder from over-disten- 
tion ; or due to cerebral or spinal lesion."-Bartholow. 
Retention of urine, with unsuccessful urging; paralysis. 
Old people ; enuresis ; urine watery, and passes continually 
"Discharge of thick, black blood from bladder or kidneys."-Hg. 
"Urine deposits phosphates looking like white cheese."-TA?. 
"Diminution and suppression of urine."-D. [Cholera.] 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"After lightness in the occiput, violent 
dragging in the spermatic cord, as if the testicle were being drawn 
up into the inguinal ring."-Hg. [In epilepsy.] 
"After sexual excess, palpitation of the heart."-Hg. 
For varicocele/'hypodermic injection of two grains of Ergotine ; 
the needle so inserted that its point will rest among the dilated 
veins. Very severe pain and faintness follow, with a good deal 
of swelling; but the effects subside in a few hours. A single in- 
jection may cure; more than two are rarely necessary. Varicose 
veins on the limbs are cured the same way."-Bartholow. 
"Deficient erections and loss of the capacity for coitus, due to 
enlargement of the dorsal vein of the penis. (Hypodermic injec- 
tions with excellent results.)"-Bartholow. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Thin, scrawny women, with pro- 
fuse secretions from all outlets of the body. (Very characteristic.) 
"Passive hemorrhages, in feeble, cachectic people, the cor- 
puscles are dissolved, particularly when the weakness is not caused 
by previous loss of fluids."- G. [Best known remedy.] 
"Passive hemorrhages ; everything seems open and loose ; no 
action ; in thin, scrawny, cachectic women."-G. [Vessels flabby.] 
"Copious flow of black, liquid blood; worse from the slightest 
motion, with convulsive movements in abortion."-G. 
"Hemorrhage, with spasmodic contractions; every discharge 
of blood is preceded by a violent, painful contraction of the uterus, 
or by distressing bearing-down pains."-G. [Of great value.] 
"Strong tendency to putrescence, discharge of black blood; a 
kind of sanies, with tingling in the limbs and great debility."-G. 834 
SECALE CORNUTUM. 
"Menses too frequent, too profuse, last too long, with pro- 
longed bearing-down pain; cutting colic ; cold extremities; cold 
perspiration; great weakness; small pulse, sometimes violent 
spasms."-G. 
"All her symptoms are worse just before the menses."-G. 
"Suppression of the menses, in thin, scrawny married women, 
who suffer much at the menstrual nisus, with continual, long- 
lasting, forcing pain in the uterus."-G. [Are very flabby.] 
Pregnancy. "Arrested development of the foetus."-Hg. 
"Threatened abortion; false pains; copious flowing."-Hg. 
"She has a constant sensation of bearing-down in the abdo- 
men ; it seems to her too strong to be effectual."-G. [Parts dry.] 
"Labor; the pains are much prolonged; as if pressing and 
forcing the uterus; in thin, scrawny, cachectic women."-G. 
"Labor-pains are weak, suppressed, or distressing; in weak, 
cachectic women; 200th dilution."-G. [The fluid extract is 
better.] 
"During labor; prolonged bearing-down and forcing pains in 
the uterus; pains irregular; too weak, everything seems loose and 
open, no action; fainting fits."-Hg. [Large doses fluid extract.] 
"Strength of the uterus weakened by too early efforts."-Hg. 
"Labor ceases, and puerperal convulsions, with opisthotonos, 
take place. In scrawny, ill-nourished, or flabby women. 
"Retained placenta, with constant strong bearing-down in the 
abdomen, or with relaxed feeling of the parts."-Hg. 
"Suppression of the lochia ; uterine inflammation."-Hg. 
"Lochia very offensive and thin; discharge scanty or profuse; 
may be painless, or accompanied by prolonged bearing-down 
pains, in thin, scrawny women."-G. [Or leucophlegmatic.] 
Metritis, great prostration, extremities cold; frequent efforts to 
vomit; the blood discharged from the uterus is fluid, mingled 
with dark, badly smelling coagula, after labor. 
Incessant metrorrhagia, with gangrene of the whole vaginal 
mucous membrane; dark color, and with putrid odor. 
Very offensive, dark-colored, scanty or profuse lochia. 
Leucorrhoea, jelly-like, alternating -with metrorrhagia, in thin, 
scrawny women, with prolapsus uteri and excessive menses. 
"Failure of lactation, in thin, cachectic, scrawny females, the 
breasts do not properly fill with milk, there is much stinging in 
them; she has been much exhausted with hemorrhages."-G. 
In moles, polypi, and morbid growths in the uterus, with pro- 
longed forcing pains, os uteri open, this is the remedy. SECALE CORNUTUM. 
835 
"The long-continued use of Ergotine has achieved remarkable 
results in chronic metritis, uterine fibroids, polypi, and subinvolu- 
tion of the uterus. Since the memoir of Hildebrandt, numerous 
cases of successful treatment of uterine fibroids by hypodermic 
injection of Ergotine have been published. There seems to be no 
longer any doubt that Ergot has the power to arrest the growth of 
uterine fibroids, to cause them to atrophy, or to set up such 
a degree of uterine action as to compel their extrusion as polypi 
from the uterine cavity. In those instances where it fails to 
arrest the growth, notable improvement in the amount of hemor- 
rhage and of the muco-purulent discharge, is evident. From two 
to six grains of Ergotine should be injected in the umbilical 
region. More or less pain is experienced, and an indurated spot, 
which may be more or less sore for a week or more, follows. Sup- 
puration is the exception. The solution employed is, Ergotine, 
one drachm; Glycerine, one drachm ; aqua destil., seven drachms. 
Eight minims contain one grain of Ergotine."-Bartholow. 
Squibbs' Extract of Ergot is soluble in cold water, is free from 
alcohol, and does not irritate. Sixty grains of this Extract is dis- 
solved in two hundred and fifty minims of water, filtered, and 
made up to three hundred minims. Each minim represents one 
grain of the Ergotine. This will be found a good article for sub- 
cutaneous injections. Dr. Emmet says Ergot will cure when the 
tumor projects sufficiently to warrant the belief that it may be- 
come pedunculated by uterine contractions. When buried in 
the uterine walls or so situated that it can not be pedunculated 
by the uterine contractions, Ergot will do no good, but harm. 
Respiratory Organs.-Constant sighing, anxious respiration. 
"Difficult respiration, as if a weight were lying on the chest 
which obliges him to take forced respirations."-Dr. Pardu. 
Weak, faint voice from choleraic diseases, with watery stools. 
"Hard, hoarse cough, with but little expectoration."-Hg. 
Haemoptysis, with much spitting of dark-colored blood. (Of 
great value.) 
Cramps in the chest, more in front; worse from coughing. 
Pulse small, rapid, and frequently intermittent, or slow and 
suppressed. 
Weak, depressed, slow pulse ; or fluttering and rapid. 
Often has palpitation of the heart at night. 
Has acted very favorably in aneurisms and hypertrophy of the 
heart. 836 
SECALE CORNUTUM. 
Back.-Violent pain in the small of the back. 
"Tenderness in the lower cervical and upper dorsal region, 
with stiffness of the neck."-Hg. [Rheumatoid affections.] 
Pressure upon the affected portion causes pain there and in 
the chest; exciting cough; aggravation from exertion. 
"Tingling in back, extending to fingers and toes."-Hg. 
Limbs.-"The limbs become cold, pale, and wrinkled, as if 
they had been a long time in water."-Dr. Euridtor. [Cholera.] 
"After excessive lassitude, fever; the extremities become pain- 
ful, cold and rigid, benumbed and almost insensible; great inter- 
nal pain, greatly increased by heat; relieved by cold weather."- 
Dr. Stephens. 
Numbness, insensibility, and coldness of the limbs. 
Drawing, crawling, spasmodic pains and formication of limbs. 
Anaesthesia of the limbs; paralysis of the limbs, with convul- 
sive jerks and shocks in the paralyzed limb; formication. 
"Burning in hands, with numbness and insensibility."-Hg. 
"Numbness of the fingers and toes."-Dr. Huss-Busch. 
This absolute insensibility of the ends of the fingers and toes, 
which is a marked characteristic of Secale, is followed by gangrene 
and death of the parts, which are also characteristic. 
Cramps in the arms, legs, and toes; in choleraic diseases. 
Gangrene of the arms and legs, with loss of all the limbs. 
Skin.-"Very thin, scrawny children, with shriveled skin, espe- 
cially when there are spasmodic twitchings, sudden cries and 
feverishness."-G. [Excessive marasmus.] 
"Skin dry, brittle, emitting no blood when cut."-Hempel. 
"Large ecchymosis; blood-blisters on the extremities, becom- 
ing gangrenous; black, suppurating blisters."-Hempel. 
"The ulcer feels as though it had been burnt; discharges a 
putrid, bloody fluid, and is sometimes decidedly gangrenous and 
painless; in thin, scrawny, cachectic people."-F. 
"The limbs become pale, cold, and shriveled, or cold and lead- 
colored, losing all sensibility."-Bane. [Leucophlegmatic people.] 
"Antesthesia of the limbs ; paralysis, writh convulsive jerks and 
shocks in the paralyzed limb."-Hempel. 
"Excessive, offensive perspiration."-G. 
"Sensation of something creeping under the skin."-Nenning. 
"Petechise, ecchymosis, and gangrene of the skin."-Hg. 
Senile gangrene, frost-bite, and dry ulcers upon the extremi- 
ties, and back; slightest wound bleeds for weeks. SENECIO AUREUS. 
837 
Fever.-Skin very cold, aggravated by warmth. 
The temperature is greatly diminished; cold, clammy sweat. 
"Cold skin, soon followed by long-lasting dry heat; great rest- 
lessness and violent thirst."-Hah. [Choleraic diseases.] 
"Colliquative, clammy sweat over the whole body."-Hg 
Variola pustules fill with bloody serum; very fetid. 
The upper half of the body sweats profusely. 
"Quiet delirium, or grows wild, with great anxiety, and a con- 
stant desire to get out of bed or to be uncovered."-Hah. 
In epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis, Secale has done well. 
In aneurisms, especially of the peripheral portions of the main 
arteries, Ergot has made many wonderful cures. 
It has acted so as to palliate hypertrophy of the heart from 
dilatation without valvular lesion. 
Aggravation.-Especially by warmth; heat applied to any 
part of the body greatly aggravates, so much so that there is ex- 
treme aversion to covers; during the menses; in childbed, and at 
night. 
Amelioration.-In cold air; from getting cold ; from sweat; 
extending flexed parts, and during the day. 
SENECIO AUREUS. 
Life Root. 
Habitat, North America. Tincture of the fresh blooming plant, Clasa III. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system ■, Senecio has two special centers 
of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. (Kidneys and Lungs.) Mucorrhoea. 
II. Cerebro-Sp. S. Greatly Nervous; Hysterical Excitement. 
Mucous Membranes.-Senecio spends the most of its action, 
upon the urinary mucous membrane, producing congestion, in- 
flammation, and bloody urine, with urging, tenesmus, or copious 
discharges of urine. It increases the secretions of the bowels, 
bringing on slimy, watery diarrhoea; causes congestion and in- 
flammation of the mucous membrane of the lungs, with copious 838 
SENECIO AUREUS. 
catarrhal discharges, and, by its action on the mucous lining of 
the female generative organs, produces catarrhal leucorrhcea, with 
profuse menstruation, or almost complete suppression of menses. 
Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.-Here Senecio acts much 
like Valerian, producing great nervous excitement and a general 
hysterical condition. 
Therajjeutic Individuality. 
Urinary Organs.-In inflammation of the kidneys and ureters, 
after the passage of gravel, Senecio has been of signal service in 
many cases. 
Urine scanty and bloody; hsematuria; renal dropsy. 
Tenesmus of the bladder; smarting in the urethra, in dropsy. 
Increased urinary secretion; followed by acute inflammation. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-It has been of much service in 
profuse leucorrhcea and amenorrhoea, with nervous irritability. 
Abdomen and Stool.-Catarrh of the bowels, rumbling colic 
and watery stools. 
Lungs.-Catarrh of the lungs; loose cough and copious mu- 
cous expectoration. 
In General.-Much lassitude and great nervousness in female 
diseases. 
Aggravation.-In the afternoon, and open air. 
Amelioration.-Morning, and bending up (the colic). SENEGA. 
839 
SENEGA. 
Snake Root. 
Habitat, North America. Tincture of the dried root, Class IV. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Senega has four special 
centers of action : 
I. Mucous Membranes. (Lungs.) Catarrhal Inflammation. 
II. Digestive Organs. Vomiting; Colic; Watery Diarrhoea. 
III. Eyes. Rheumatoid Conjunctivitis. 
IV. Fibro-Serous Tissues. Dropsical Effusions. 
Mucous Membranes.-Senega selects especially the mucous 
lining of the respiratory organs, producing catarrhal inflamma- 
tion, with copious discharge of mucus. In some cases, the secre- 
tion is not abundant, and it is attended with a dry, hard racking 
cough. In lung affections, Senega has made a good record. 
Digestive Organs.-Here there is much hypenemia of the 
mucous membrane, with great burning distress, and violent vomit- 
ing ; severe colic, and watery diarrhoea. In some cases, it acts 
upon the urinary organs as a diuretic. 
Eyes.-Here Senega produces conjunctivitis, with much ach- 
ing pain and sense of tension in the balls. 
Fibrous Tissues.-Upon the pleura and joints, Senega has a 
marked action, as shown from chronic exudations of the pleura 
and joints ; has cured hydrothorax, ascites, and anasarca. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Respiratory Organs and Chest.-Senega's main sphere of 
usefulness is in diseases of the respiratory mucous membrane. 
Profuse secretion of mucus in the lungs of old people, with 
loose, rattling cough, is the characteristic indication. 
Great rattling of mucus in the chest, with flying pains in chest. 
Irritating, shaking dry cough, in chronic bronchitis in the aged. 840 
SENEGA. 
Dry cough, with aphonia ; aggravated by cold air, and particu- 
larly by walking, relieved by warm air and rest. 
"Soreness of the walls of the chest on moving the arms, par- 
ticularly the left, with rattling of mucus in the chest."-J. B. Bell. 
"In sub-acute or chronic exudations of the pleura, and in 
catarrhal pleuro-pneumonia, where Bryonia has failed."-Hale. 
Adynamic pneumonia; low fever and much prostration. 
"Violent aching pain in chest when waking at night."-Seidel. 
"Orgasm of blood and oppression of the chest."-Dr. Seidel. 
Dr. Meyhoffer commends it when the phlegm is very adhesive. 
Great, irritating cough and secretion of mucus; with much 
pain about the chest. 
Dyspncea, especially during rest. 
"Boring pain about the heart."-Dr. J. B. Bell. 
"It has been administered with great success, in hydrothorax,, 
ascites, and anasarca,-after albuminuria."-Hale. 
Digestive Organs.-"Mouth dry; offensive smell; tongue 
white or yellow; throat painful, inflamed."-Dr. II. C. Jessen. 
Much thirst, with loss of appetite. 
Increased secretion of saliva; offensive breath. 
Nausea, vomiting of mucus; cramps and burning distress in 
the stomach ; griping in bowels ; mushy or copious watery stools.. 
Watery diarrhoea, with griping pains in the bowels; nausea 
and vomiting. 
Urinary Organs.-"Frequent urination, with greenish tinge, 
depositing a cloudy sediment."-Hah. 
"Urine at first mixed with mucous filaments; afterward it be- 
comes thick and cloudy."-Jahr. 
Head and Eyes.-"Dullness of the head, with pressure and 
weakness of the eyes."-Seidel. 
" When looking at an object intently, the eyes tremble and run."' 
-Seidel. 
Weakness of the eyes, with burning and lachrymation. 
Weakness of sight, with flickering before the eyes. 
Drawing and pressure in the eyeballs, with loss of sight. 
"Iritis and specks on the cornea."-Hughes. 
Mental and physical debility, with dropsical effusions. 
Aggravation.-Morning and evening, and motion. 
Amelioration.-In open air, after perspiration. SEPIA. 
841 
SEPIA. 
Cuttie Fish Juice. 
Habitat: Mediterranean Sea, etc. Tincture of dried black liquid, Class IV. Trituration. 
Antidotes.-Acids, Ant. tart., Rhus, Nitr. spir. dulc., Aeon., Calc., Sulph. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Sepia has seven special 
centers of action : 
I. Venous System. Venous Congestion of the Portal System. 
II. Ovaries. Venous Congestion; Atony; Scanty Menstruation. 
III. Uterus. Venous Conges.; Leucorrhoea; Ulcerat.; Prolapsus. 
IV. Gastro-Intest. C. Portal Congest.; Torpidity; Constipat. 
V. Liver. .-Congestion ; Torpidity; Acid Secretions. 
VI. Kidneys. Scanty Urine ; Increased Uric Acid ; Lithiasis. 
VII. Skin. Cachectic, Yellow, Earthy, Waxy. Chloasma; Eczema. 
Venous System.-The most prominent action of Sepia is to 
cause venous congestion, first in the portal system and then through- 
out the whole organism. "This remedy operates especially on 
the portal system, by retarding the circulation, and causing an 
over-loading of the vascular system with venous blood,-a pleth- 
ora venosa, as it is called, which gives rise to most of the various 
symptoms. The pathological process is also marked by a state 
of depression. . . . All further morbid conditions are but 
secondary. All disorders of the portal system must first affect the 
neighboring organ, the liver. It is characterized by torpidity and 
depression, often ending in perfect exhaustion of the vital pow- 
ers."-Dr. Meyer. 
Ovario-Uterine Organs.-Upon the sexual organs of women, 
Sepia has a special and profound action; and no remedy has 
proved more valuable in sub-acute and chronic diseases of women 
during ovario-uterine activity. "The venous congestion which 
characterizes all these Sepia affections of the uterus may be pri- 
mary; but it is very often, I think, secondary to abdominal pleth- 
ora. The uterine veins, indeed, open into the vena cava ; and are 
consequently not directly affected by portal obstruction. But the 842 
SEPIA. 
womb may be indirectly influenced by such cause through the 
rectum. When in this way constipation, prolapsus ani, and 
hfemorrhoidal fullness are induced in women, and then the uterine 
health becomes impaired, Sepia is indicated for the whole group 
of symptoms, and will do much toward removing them. . .*. Its 
pathogenetic influence over these organs was strongly displayed 
in the American provings. All save two of the women who took 
part in them, reported leucorrhoea as occasioned by the drug; and 
in one of them the speculum revealed prolapsus, retroversion, and 
ulceration of the os. Its curative powers move in the same plane. 
No remedy is more frequently beneficial in leucorrhoea, especially, 
I think, when a symptom of uterine congestion of venous rather 
than arterial type. . . . Dr. Mercy Jackson, when suffering 
from prolapsus, seemed to feel the medicine raising the womb into 
position, which it did without other aid. She has since found it 
equally beneficial in the permanent cure of anteversion and retro- 
version-in recent cases, not even manipulation being necessary." 
-Hughes. 
Ovaries.-Sepia produces venous congestion, and an atonic, 
torpid condition of the ovaries, as shown by the scanty and too 
early menses, sterility, and amenorrhcea. Chloasma, so strongly 
produced by Sepia, probably has its cause in a great measure in 
the ovaries or uterus. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-Tongue is large, pale, and flabby; 
eoated brown or yellow; bitter, coppery, putrid taste; eructations; 
hiccough; nausea and sometimes vomiting of mucus and bile ; no 
thirst; great sinking and faint feeling at the pit of the stomach; 
abdomen distended with flatus ; cutting colic ; stools scanty and 
constipated from lack of normal stimulus to the excretion. This 
torpid condition of the bowels is in a great measure due to portal 
congestion. 
Liver.-Sepia acts on the liver to produce sour, foul secretions; 
hepatic pains; weight, fullness, tightness; worse when lying on 
the left side; as if a load rested on the epigastrium, with a faint, 
gone, sinking sensation; long-continued pain under the right 
shoulder. In functional derangement of the liver, either sub-acute 
or chronic, Sepia will be found of great value, especially if com- 
plicated with uterine or renal troubles. 
Kidneys.-All provers of Sepia have noted the marked diminu- 
tion of the quantity of urine, with increase of uric acid and the 
urates, and increased specific gravity, producing a full picture of SEPIA. 
843 
lithiasis. The urine is voided with great difficulty, as if the or- 
gans were partially paralyzed; and oftentimes there is tenesmus. 
In diseases where there is deposited an excessive amount of the 
urates, Sepia has proved of signal service. 
Skin.-Sepia acts upon the skin through the trophic nerves, on 
the lymphatics and veins, producing a cachectic, yellow, earthy, 
waxy skin; pruritus, with vesicles upon a red base on all parts 
of the body; eczema; ichthyosis; herpes in the joints, etc. The 
yellow, earthy complexion of Sepia is something remarkable; the 
yellowish-brown saddle across the bridge of the nose, and the 
chloasma on various parts of the skin, are characteristic of the 
drug. These "liver spots" are seated in the rete mucosum, and 
are probably due to assimilative debility of the trophic nerves. 
We see it so often associated with hysteria and ovario-uterine 
diseases, that this may have something to do with the cause of 
chloasma. Genito-urinary diseases and eczema go hand in hand, 
and are often seen in the same patient; for example, Glycosuria 
and eczema of the vulva often occur together. "The skin affec- 
tions of Sepia aie among its most important symptoms. We find 
itching of the skin, and itching vesicles and papules on the face, 
hands, and feet; also vesiculo-pustular eruption in the hollow of 
the joints. After the Sepia eczema, there is abundant desquama- 
tion. "-Dunham. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Ill General.-Sepia is especially adapted to sub-acute and 
chronic diseases in women with dark hair, and tight, rigid fiber. 
"Sepia is the washerwoman's remedy; and its complaints are 
aggravated after laundry work."-D. 
Urinary Organs.-It affects the female genito-urinary organs, 
particularly during the period of ovario-uterine activity. The 
patient is very sensitive to cold air, with chills from the least 
exposure. 
"Fetid urine, depositing a clay-colored sediment, which ad- 
heres to the chamber with great tenacity."-G. 
"The urine is so putrid that it can not be suffered to remain in 
the room."-G. 
"The urine deposits a reddish, clay-colored sediment, which 
adheres to the bottom and sides of the vessels as if it had been 
burnt on like burnt clay."-G. [Greatly aggravated at night.] 
"The bed is wet almost as soon as the child goes to sleep ; always 
during the first sleep."-G. {Very characteristic.] 844 
SEPIA. 
Intense burning and cutting pain when urinating; urine thick, 
slimy, and very offensive, depositing a pasty sediment; lithiasis. 
"Pressure on the bladder and frequent micturition, with tension 
in the lower abdomen."-Hah. [In uterine diseases.] 
"Considerable desire to urinate, with painful bearing-down in 
the pelvis."-Goullon. [Urine is thick, red, and turbid.] 
"The evacuation of urine is preceded by pressure and tenesmus ;■ 
it is frequent, painful, and often ineffectual, until after long 
waiting and effort; involuntary micturition at night; has a pink 
deposit, stains everything it touches red."-D. 
"Gonorrhoea in the female (or male) after the acute symptoms 
have subsided."-Hughes. [Use the 15th or 30th attenuation.] 
I have cured many cases of chronic gonorrhoea with the 
30th of Sepia. No remedy that I have used equals it, when 
the urine is loaded with the urates, staining everything red, and 
often excoriating and very fetid, associated with prostatitis. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"Increased sexual desire, with weak- 
ness of the genitals; sweating of the genitals, and prurigo."- 
Coition produces great weakness ; and the urethra burns after- 
ward. Nightly emissions, with sexual dreams; great despond- 
ency, and sensitive to cold, damp air, it chills him through and 
through. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-The chief use of Sepia, overshad- 
owing all others, is found in female diseases; associated with 
chloasma of the skin. 
"Experience has shown its value in cases of ulceration and 
congestion of the os and cervix uteri. Its use supersedes all local 
applications."-D. [Sub-acute and chronic cases.] 
"Burning, shooting, stitching pains in the neck of the uterus, 
with sensation as if everything would come out of the vagina; she 
has to cross her limbs to prevent it."-G. 
Sensation as if the patient must cross the legs, sit close, to 
keep something from coming out of vagina, with an empty, all- 
gone feeling in epigastrium, is the most characteristic of Sepia. 
Induration of the cervix uteri; with stitching pains in it, ex- 
tending upward, and a feeling as if the uterus would fall out. 
"A painful stiffness in the uterine region; pressing in the 
uterus oppressing breathing."-G. [Chronic ulceration.] 
"Prolapsus of the uterus and vagina."- G. [Chronic cases.] 
"Pressure in the uterus, causing oppression of breathing; the 
pressure downward as if everything would fall out, accompanied 
with pain in the abdomen; she must cross her limbs in order to SEPIA. 
845 
prevent the protrusion of the vagina, yet nothing protruded, but 
there was an increase of leucorrhoea."-Hah. 
"Leucorrhcea, with stitches in the neck of the uterus, and much 
itching in the vagina; she has to cross her legs to prevent every- 
thing coming out of the vagina."-G. 
"Profuse mucous leucorrhoea, having a fetid smell, or like pus, 
with drawing pains in the abdomen."-G. [Endometritis.] 
"Leucorrhoea of a sanguineous, mucous, yellowish, watery 
character; worse after urinating."-G. [Chronic endometritis.] 
"One of the most frequently indicated remedies for painful 
coition ; contractive pain in the vagina; almost continual stitches 
in the vagina."-G. [From inflammation.] 
"A putrid, excoriating, discharge from the uterus, with shoot- 
ing, stitching, and burning in the neck of the uterus."-G. 
"Troublesome and severe itching of the vulva, with pimples 
all around; painless vesicles in the outer part of the vulva."-G. 
"Severe itching of the vulva, the labia are swollen, with humid 
eruption."-G. [Often associated with diabetes.] 
"Leucorrhoea like milk, only during the day, with burning 
pain and excoriation between the thighs."-Hah. 
Before the menses, acrid leucorrhoea; especially in young 
women. 
"Before the menses, violent colic; shuddering all over the 
body the whole day; acrid leucorrhoea; sensation as if the vulva 
were enlarged, with great soreness."-G. 
"The menses come too early, but are scanty; preceded by vio- 
lent aching in the abdomen; causing faintness, chilliness, and 
shuddering."-D. [Young women.] 
"Between the menses, a peculiar offensive perspiration, sudor 
hystericus, with a pungent, offensive perspiration in the axillae 
and on the soles of the feet."-G. [And chloasma.] 
"During the menses, tearing in the tibia; toothache; obscu- 
ration of sight, and violent pressure in the forehead, with dis= 
charge of plugs from the nose."-G. [Chronic catarrh.] 
"Menorrhagia, with a painful sensation of emptiness at the 
pit of the stomach; urine very fetid, and a sediment like burnt 
clay upon the bottom of the yellow saddle across the 
nose, and spots on the face."-G. 
"Chronic metrorrhagia, when it is excited from the least cause ; 
she has icy-cold paroxysms; icy-cold feet, and flushes of heat; 
great sense of emptyness at the pitofthe stomach; constipation; 
with great sense of weight at the anus, not relieved by stool."-G. 846 
SEPIA. 
Sudden hot flushes at the climacteric, with momentary sweat, 
weakness, and a great tendency to faint. (Very characteristic.) 
"Amenorrhoea in feeble constitutions, with delicate, thin skin; 
menstruation always irregular; sweats profusely when walking; 
particularly sensitive to cold air; repeated shuddering through 
the day during the menstrual nisus; constipation and sense of 
weight in the anus; painful sensation of emptiness at the pit of 
the stomach; swollen and puffy appearance of the whole body; 
face puffy, pale or yellow."-Marcy and Hunt. [Portal congestion.] 
"Discharge of green-red fluid from vagina in pregnancy."-G. 
"Soreness of the abdomen of pregnant women ; feel the motions 
of the child too sensitively."-G. [In sensitive, hysterical women.] 
Offensive, excoriating lochia, very long-lasting. 
"Nipples crack across the crown; bleed, and are sore."-Hg. 
Head.-Sepia headache is apt to come in terrific shocks. 
Hemicrania from an affection of the reproductive system; 
countenance pale; face dirty yellow; especially in young females 
in whom the cerebral nerves have excited the sympathetic, pro- 
ducing a long train of hysterical symptoms; the pain is stinging, 
aching, throbbing, tearing, piercing, and of long duration. 
Dull, stupid headache, with great mental depression; anremia. 
"Shooting from forehead to vertex, and both sides of the face." 
-Dr. H. V. Miller. 
"Pulsating headache in the cerebellum, beginning in the morn- 
ing, lasting till noon, or sometimes till evening; aggravated from 
the least motion, when turning the eyes; lying on back; better 
during rest and in the dark."-Hg. 
"Great indifference to her own family; very sad and fearful 
about her health ; often weeps."-G. [In ovario-uterine affections.] 
"Involuntary fits of laughter or weeping."-G. [Hysteria.] 
"The disposition peculiar to Sepia is a depressed, anxious, and 
fearful state of mind, with a sense of helplessness, and yet great 
susceptibility to excitement, and still more to terror; frequent 
attacks of weeping, and despair of life."-D. 
Cross and irritable, with indigestion; from mental exertion. 
"Is despairing, sometimes suicidal, and greatly averse to work 
or exercise."-Dr. Talcott. [Chlorotic young girls.] 
"During first sleep she often feels as if she had swallowed 
something, which wakens her up in a fright, with a sensation as 
though it had lodged in her throat; this sensation remains after 
waking."-H. N. Martin. [Globus hystericus.] SEPIA. 
847 
"Anxiety, with fear; flushes of heat over the face; about real 
or imaginary evils."-Hg. [At the climacteric.] 
"Eruption on vertex and back part of head, dry, offensive, 
stinging, itching, and tingling, with cracks; feeling sore when 
scratching; falling-off of the hair."-Hg. [Chronic eczema.] 
"Sensitiveness of the roots of the hair, worse in the evening, 
to contact, to cold north winds; burning after scratching."-Hg. 
"Dandruff comes in circles, like ringworm."-Marcy and Hunt. 
"Great falling-out of the hair."-Hah. [At the climacteric.] 
Ears.-"Loud sounds and humming in the ears."-Hah. 
"Very sensitive to noise, especially music."-Hah. 
"Humming in ears, followed by loss of hearing."-Hg. [Pus.] 
"Discharge of thin matter from ear."-Lh/. [Chronic otorrhoea.] 
Eyes.-"In inflammatory affections of an asthenic character, 
conjunctiva of a dull red color, some photophobia and swelling of 
the lids, worse in the mornings, we frequently find Sepia very use- 
ful."-A. and N. [Especially if in young females.] 
Dr. Liebold has used it with very favorable results in keratitis 
parenchymatosa, complicated with uterine troubles. 
The aggravation morning and evening, and the amelioration in 
the middle of the day, are almost always present; torpid bowels. 
"At Dr. Woodyatt's suggestion, we have employed Sepia in 
several cases of cataract, especially in women, with manifest 
advantage, arresting the progress of the disease, and often im- 
proving the vision very decidedly."-A. and N. 
"Obscuration of vision dependent upon hepatic derangement, 
may often call for this drug. "-A. and N. [Obstinate constipation.] 
"Occasionally cures trachoma, with or without pannus, espe- 
cially in tea-drinking females. There is often excessive irritabil- 
ity of the eye to both use and light, particularly worse night and 
morning; lids close in spite of him, and sparks may be flashing 
before the eyes."-A. and N. [Fair, thin-skinned people.] 
"In paralysis of upper eyelid,-ptosis,-Sepia often cures."-D. 
"Yellowness of the face, particularly across the bridge of the 
nose, like a saddle."-G. [Greatest characteristic of Sepia.] 
Mouth.-Slimy, putrid taste; eructations the same. 
Gums swell and bleed easily; the teeth become loose; draw- 
ing, digging, tearing toothache; from uterine diseases and portal 
congestion. 
"The tongue sore as if scalded; or flabby and indentated, that 
of atonic dyspepsia. This large, pale, flabby tongue is character- 
istic."-D. 848 
SEPIA. 
"Appetite good, but suddenly satisfied; loathing of fat; sud- 
den craving, sudden satiety."-!). [Venous plethora.] 
. "Offensive smell from the mouth ; profuse flow of saliva."-D. 
"Bitter, putrid, insipid taste."-Hah. [Sour, slimy, foul.] 
"Dryness of the throat the whole day."-Hah. 
Stomach.-"The thought of food sickens her, with sense of 
great weight in the anus."-G. [Torpid, slow digestion.] 
"Eructations tasting like spoiled eggs or manure, with aversion 
to meat."-G. 
"Paroxysms of something twisting about in the stomach, and 
rising toward the throat; her tongue becomes stiff; speechless 
and rigid like a statue."-G. [Globus in hysterical subjects.] 
"No appetite; desire for vinegar; no thirst."-Hah. [Portal 
congestion.] 
"Nausea mornings only, passing off after eating."-Hah. 
"Empty, gone feeling in the stomach, relieved by eating."-Hah. 
Sensation of emptiness at the pit of the stomach, especially in 
uterine diseases, is one of the greatest symptoms of Sepia. 
"Morning sickness; she can not take her accustomed ride in 
the morning on account of nausea and painful feeling of hunger 
in the stomach."-G. [From portal congestion.] 
"In the morning nausea, as if all the viscera were turning in- 
side out; inclination to vomit in the morning, when rinsing her 
mouth out."-G. [During pregnancy.] 
"Vomiting of bile and food in the morning, or milky fluid dur- 
ing pregnancy "-Hg. [With great constipation.] 
"Sensitiveness of the pit of the stomach to touch; pain in the 
stomach as from a stone, after eating."-Hg. 
Stitches ; cramps ; and beating in the epigastrium. 
A characteristic symptom is a peculiar faint sinking at the pit 
of the stomach, not painful to pressure. 
Liver.-Functional diseases of the liver; sub-acute and 
chronic hepatitis, with stitches and fullness in the hepatic re- 
gion; relieved by lying on the affected side. 
Sensation in both hypochondria as if the ribs were broken, 
and the sharp points were sticking into the flesh."-H. N. Martin. 
Hepatic neuralgia, with great depression of spirits; weight, 
fullness, and tightness in the region of the liver."-D. 
Abdomen.-"Pot-belliedness in women, with yellow saddle 
across the nose, very irritable, and faint from the least exertion." 
-Raue. [Leucophlegmatic constitutions.] SEPIA. 
"Sensation of emptiness in the abdomen; or load in the abdo- 
men during motion."-Hah. [Portal congestion.] 
"Sensation of bearing-down in the pelvic region, with drag- 
ging pains from the sacrum; or feeling of bearing-down of all the 
pelvic organs."-Hah. [Prolapsus uteri.] 
"Flatulence from lack of bile; abdomen very much distended 
after the least bit of food."-D. [Constipation.] 
Flatulent colic, especially in uterine diseases; constipation. 
Many brown spots on the abdomen; chloasma. 
Stool.-Sense of weight or ball in the anus, not relieved by 
stool (Nux vomica), is a very marked characteristic. 
. "Constipation, stools hard, difficult, and knotty, with sense of 
weight in the anus, not relieved at stool."-G. 
"The stool is very difficult, covered with mucus, and some- 
times impossible to pass, even with the most terrible straining, 
with much burning at the anus and rectum, and sense of great 
weight at the anus."-G. [15th.] 
Piles ; the portal circulation is retarded, causing an overload- 
ing of the portal veins; plethora venosa; protrusion of the piles 
and anus; continual straining pain in the rectum; heat, burning 
and swelling of the anus; discharge of black venous blood; con- 
stipation. Use the 15th potency. 
Oozing of moisture from the anus; prolapsus and debility. 
Jelly-like or green mucous, sour stools in children. 
Respiratory Organs.-Dry coryza; nostrils sore, swollen, ul- 
cerated, and scabby; discharging large green plugs. 
"Blowing large green plugs from the nose."-Hg. 
"Loss of smell, or fetid smell."-Hg. [Chronic nasal catarrh.] 
Bleeding of the nose during the menses, in young girls. 
"Hoarseness, roughness and dryness in the larynx."-Hg. 
Sepia is useful in both dry and loose cough ; but the dry cough 
predominates ; especially in a female or child. 
"The provings of Sepia show dry and moist cough, even copious 
expectoration of white, salty mucus or pus. I find it effectual in 
that dry cough which is so characteristic of tuberculosis. We find 
titillation in the trachea, sometimes a covered, deep voice with- 
out timbre, sensation of dryness in the throat or chest; dry, 
croaking, deep cough, somewhat relieved by lying down; after 
great labor.some mucus is expectorated."-Hlrschel. 
"Spasmodic dry cough, coming in rapid concussions, till the 
breath is exhausted; seems to come from the stomach; worse 
mornings and evenings."-Dr. C. 11 esselhoeft. LPertussis.] 
849 850 
SEPIA. 
Dry cough, with eruptions upon the skin; in females. 
"Loose cough in the morning, with efforts to vomit."-G. 
"Expectoration profuse, purulent, offensive, green, tasting 
salty only in the morning."-Hg. [Chronic bronchitis.] 
Congestion of blood to the lungs, palpitation of the heart, and 
great anxiety. 
"Loss of breath from slight motion; awakens in the morning 
with dyspnoea, and covered with sweat, lasting for hours."-Hah. 
Back.-"Great aching between the shoulders and under the 
left scapula, extending into left lung; worse on expiration."-Hah. 
"Pain constantly between shoulders and down back."-Hah. 
"Much pain and weakness in the small of the back."-Hah. 
Much pain and weakness of the back from uterine diseases. 
"In the sacro-lumbar region, Sepia produces pain, which gen- 
erally is relieved by sitting or lying, worse when walking. It is a 
pressing, dragging pain over the sacrum, and at the same time 
over the hips, and a burning pressure in the spine, extending 
across the dorsal region and under the scapula, like that produced 
by sewing."-D. 
Extremities.-"In the extremities, stitches and sticking, 
drawing pains, with lassitude, coldness of the feet, but sometimes 
only of the knees; sweat of the feet."-D. 
Aching of the limbs, great lassitude, and weariness and pros- 
tration in the joints; cramps of the calves at night. 
"Sudden faintness, with profuse sweats and undisturbed con- 
sciousness, without being able to speak."-G. 
"The lower limbs pain as if beaten; she desires to sit down, 
and when sitting she desires to stand up."-Hah. 
"Great faintness, with heat, then coldness; great exhaustion 
in the morning during the menses."-Hah. 
Great weakness ; the least exertion fatigues ; female diseases. 
Swelling of the limbs and feet; ffeet swollen and feel as if 
asleep ; feet burn much at night; at the climacteric. 
Stiffness and cracking of the joints, with arthritic pains. 
Skin.-"Various forms of skin diseases, and in particular 
those of a vesicular character, attended by much itching and fol- 
lowed by desquamation."-D. 
Constitutional diseases of the ovario-uterine organs, or hepatic 
diseases, with brown discolorations of the forehead and cheeks 
and of the skin across the bridge of the nose, like a saddle. Dark- 
haired people. SILICEA. 
851 
Eruptions very moist, almost constantly discharging pus-like 
matter; the child often jerks its head to and fro."-G. 
"The least injury tends to ulcerate, in thin, delicate skins."- 
Marcy and Hunt. 
"Specific in herpes circinatus."-F. [And chloasma.] 
"Sensation of coldness between the shoulders, followed by 
general coldness, and convulsive twitching of the right side, and 
difficulty of breathing."-G., 
Very sensitive to cold air; profuse night sweats. 
Aggravation.-Morning and evening; cold air; wet weather ; 
motion; sexual excesses ; fat, greasy food, and during pregnancy. 
Amelioration.-From warmth; middle of the day, and warm 
open air. 
SILICEA. 
Silicic Acid. 
Habitat: All parts of the world. Trituration of the pure Sillceafrom Quartz crystal. 
Antidotes.-Camphor, Hepar sulphur. Fluoric acid, Mercury. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Silicea has five spe- 
cial centers of action: 
I. Bones. (Fibrous Tissue.) Inflammation; Ulceration; Caries. 
II. Lymphatics. Congestion; Hypertrophy; Suppuration. 
III. Skin. Pustular Inflammation; Cold Extremities; Fetid Siceat. 
IV. Mucous Membranes. Catarrhal Inflammation; Ulceration. 
V. Cerebro-Spinal S. Loss of Nutrition; Neurasthenia; Spasms. 
Bones and Fibrous Tissue.-The physiological action of this 
grand remedy has not, as yet, been fully revealed; but, through 
the organic nervous system, Silicea has a most profound action 
upon the bones and fibrous tissue, producing suppuration and 
complete destruction of the bones, periosteum, and fibrous tissue 
in any part of the body, and caries of the shafts or epiphyses of 
any of the bones, with excessive nightly bone-pains. If in the 
joints, the bones are greatly swollen, with complete destruction of 
the ligaments. The general condition of the system produced by 852 
SILICEA. 
this drug is that of perverted nutrition, resembling rachitis and 
scrofula, its action being slow, deep, and long lasting. 
"Silicea influences the nutrition, rather than the functional 
activity of the tissues which come within its sphere of action; it 
is hence suited to organic changes, rather than to functional dis- 
orders. Its deep and slow action, moreover, makes it appropriate 
to chronic rather than acute diseases. Silicea has an extraor- 
dinary control over the suppurative process, seeming to mature 
abscesses when desired, and certainly reducing excessive suppu- 
ration to moderate limits. Its main sphere is in the diseases of 
the vegetative tissues and organs. I regard it as a remedy even 
more important than Calcarea for rachitis in children. In rickets, 
you will find two symptoms which are very characteristic of Sili- 
cea ; viz., the perspiration of the head only, and the tenderness of 
the general surface. The tendency which obtains, moreover, to 
defective formation of bone and increased growth of cartilage in 
this disease, calls loudly for Silicea. Dr. Von Grauvogl points 
out that the only chemical difference between cartilage and bone 
is that Flint is present in the latter, but not in the former; and 
he gives a good case of enchondroma of the fingers, in which, act- 
ing upon this suggestion, he gave Silicea 3d with most satisfactory 
results. I can speak no less confidently of the power of this drug, 
when, as in rachitis, the enchondromatous tendency is general. 
I am accustomed to prescribe it in the earliest manifestations of 
the diathesis, which are generally unhealthy evacuations, sweats 
of .the head, and tenderness of the surface, and with the best re- 
sults. In scrofula, we have so eminent a therapeutist as Dr. 
Jousset proclaiming it the chief of remedies. 
It is chiefly when scrofula manifests itself in the bones and 
joints, that Silicea proves its remedy. There is abundant testi- 
mony to its value in periostitis, when non-syphilitic in origin; 
and it is no less valuable when the bone itself is affected, as 
shown bycaries or necrosis. In the scrofulous joints,-the white 
swellings of the old authors,-where all commended it, it is prob- 
ably most useful when the mischief has begun in the bones rather 
than in the synovial membrane or the cartilages. If, in any of 
these cases, matter is already discharging, do not neglect the local 
use of the remedy."-Hughes. 
To use Silicea locally, make a strong decoction of hay. This 
hay tea contains Silicea in solution, and is of great value where 
this drug is indicated, when used locally. In hypertrophy of the 
bones, and in panaritium, Silicea can not be surpassed by any 
known remedy, especially where destruction of the bone and much SILICEA. 
853 
hypertrophy of the periosteum are marked features, with excessive 
nocturnal pains; and, where suppuration is fairly established, 
this drug will often check it at once, and also the tendency to re- 
currence. 
Skin and Lymphatic Glandular System.-Like most of the 
vegetative medicines, Silicea acts powerfully upon the skin and 
lymphatics ; the lymphatics become greatly enlarged, and tend to 
suppuration. "Pustular eruptions appear on the skin, abrasions 
readily take on suppurative action, and ulcers already existing 
increase in size and activity, and become the seat of stitching, 
boring pains. . . . Silicea has taken high rank as a remedy 
for cases involving profuse suppuration, causing abscesses to come 
speedily to maturity, and moderating the secretion of pus. In 
this regard, and as a remedy for simple ulcer, it has a brilliant 
clinical record. It seems to be equally applicable whether the 
suppurative process be set up in the cellular tissue, in a gland, or 
in a joint. In fistula lachrymalis, Silicea has often cured. It 
has gained a high reputation for the arrest and cure of whitlow, as 
well as for the affection of the matrix of the nail popularly called 
'ingrowing toe-nail,' and to cure which the toe-nail is so often un- 
necessarily torn out. When Silicea fails in these cases, Graphites 
often succeeds."-Dunham. 
"Icy coldness of the feet, ephidrosis, offensive sweat of the 
feet, affections of the chest and stomach after suppression of 
sweat of the feet,-all call for Silicea. Jousset says: 'It corre- 
sponds to pustulous eruptions on the head and extremities, and to 
suppuration of the lymphatic glands.'"-Goullon. [It has cured 
enlargement of the cervical glands as large as a hen's egg.] 
Mucous Membranes.-"The mucous membranes of the largo 
intestine, nares, pharynx, Eustachian tube, middle ear, bronchial 
tubes, and genital organs, are affected ; their secretions being in - 
creased, and so modified, in respect of at least the respiratory 
tract, as to resemble pus."-Dr. C. Dunham. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Silicea attacks the nutrition of 
the nervous centers, producing all the symptoms of neurasthenia, 
which is most beautifully shown by the beloved and sainted Dun- 
ham. He says: "Upon the nervous system, Silicea exerts a pe- 
culiar action. With evidence of exhaustion furnished by sensa- 
tion of weakness, paralysis, etc., there is an exalted condition of 
susceptibility to nervous stimuli; the special senses aie morbidly 
keen, the brain can not bear even moderate concussion, noi the 854 
SILICEA. 
spine concussion or pressure, and the whole surface is unnat- 
urally tender and sensitive; cold aggravates, and warmth relieves. 
There is then erethism conjoined with exhaustion. Nor is this 
all. This erethism, which is not evanescent, but endures for 
some time, is of such a nature, that, while it lasts, spasm is easily 
induced,-indeed, spasm often occurs without any evident provo- 
cation of muscular exertion and fatigue. Thus, for example, the 
sensation of weakness and the cramp in the feet at night and 
when walking; the sensation of weakness and spasm of the thumb 
and hand when writing; the sensation of paralysis in the rectum, 
and the spasm of the sphincter ani when making an effort to pass 
faeces, a spasm which characterizes the peculiar form of constipa- 
tion observed under Silicea, and so often cured by it. Clinical 
experience has taught us that general spasms occur on slight prov- 
ocation in case of this Silicea erethism. 
"As an instance of this condition of the nervous system, we 
may cite the headache of Silicea. It comes on after much exer- 
tion, which has exhausted or worried the patient. Its seat is 
in the supra-orbital region, generally the right or left eye itself, 
and the pain extends along the base of the brain to the occiput, 
and down the nape; noise, motion, light, and concussion are in- 
tolerable. In persons whose nutrition is at fault, aching and 
sharp pains in the nape of the neck frequently occur on the occa- 
sion of any nervous strain or exhaustion, and when they exist are 
aggravated by exertion or excitement." 
The primary effects of Silicea manifest themselves in the 
cerebro-spinal system and the vegetation of bones. As a curative 
remedy, it is especially useful against paralysis in the most ex- 
tended sense ; hence, in chronic weakness of the higher nerve appa- 
ratus, generally; in suppressed capacity of feeling and emotion, 
suppressed secretions, especially peripheric."-Dr. Goullon. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Ruling Characteristics.-Sanguine lymphatic temperaments, 
and children with large bellies, weak ankles, much perspiration 
about the head, disposition to cover the head up to keep it warm. 
Adapted to chronic scrofulous, suppurative diseases, espe- 
cially in rachitic children, where the nutrition of an organ is 
assailed rather than the functions. 
A. Grauvogl mentions Silicea as a nutrition remedy among 
the series of substances against the hydrogenoid constitution. It 
certainly has very special bearings upon the organs of the vegeta- SILICEA. 
855 
tive system. Moreover, the fact that nutrition is poor, not, how- 
ever, in consequence of poor food, but deficient assimilation (such 
persons are usually constipated), argues in favor of the importance 
of Silicea as an anti-scrofulosum. Constitution feeble ; skin thin, 
delicate; face pale, and aggravation of the whole morbid condition 
when the moon is waxing."-Goullon. 
"Induration and suppuration of the lymphatic glandular sys- 
tem in any pajt of the body. It has an extraordinary control over 
the suppurative process, seeming to mature abscesses when de- 
sired, and certainly reducing excessive suppuration to moderate 
limits. "-Hughes. 
"Diseases brought on by exposing the back to any slight draft 
of air; want of vital warmth, even when taking exercise."-Hg. 
In chronic inflammation and caries of the joints, no remedy 
in the Materia Medica can equal Silicea, especially in the case of 
children with copious perspiration of the head, and great tender- 
ness of the surface of the body. 
Head.-"Vertigo is a very prominent symptom, when rising 
from the recumbent position, or from stooping, sitting, walking, 
or looking up. It seems to come from the dorsal region up 
through the nape of the neck into the head. The vertigo is so 
severe that he fears he shall fall; aggravated by motion, looking 
upward, and is accompanied by nausea."-D. [In neurasthenia 
and epilepsy.] 
"Confusion in the head ; mental exertion is very difficult; con- 
fusion in speaking; it is difficult to seize the right expression; a 
brief conversation causes confusion of the head and general lassi- 
tude ; memory is enfeebled; dullness in the head without pain, as 
if it were too full of blood."-D. 
"Attacks of vertigo seem to rise painfully from the back, 
through the nape of the neck to the head, so that she does not 
know where she is ; is constantly inclined to fall forward. Hah. 
"Headache rising from the nape of the neck to vertex."-Hah. 
"The headache of Silicea is so characteristic and well defined, 
and is so frequently met with, that it is one of the lemedies 
most frequently employed by me for headache. The pain in- 
volves the occiput, nape of the neck, vertex, and the ej es, 01 gen- 
erally the right eye. It is a sticking, tearing, piessing pain, gen 
erally beginning in the neck and shoulders, and going upward to 
the occiput and vertex, and extending through the head to the 
right eye; greatly aggravated by motion, noise, or light, the 
senses of sight and hearing being unnaturally acute. The patient 856 
SILICEA. 
prefers to lie down in a dark, quiet room, is greatly relieved by 
warm applications to the head. Often accompanied by nausea 
and vomiting; passes off during sleep."-D. 
She is occupied with pins, counts them, hunts for them, and 
is always worse during the increase of the moon. 
"Dreams about corpses and dead persons generally."- Jahr. 
Large, open fontanelles; in children, there is excessive perspi- 
ration about the head, wetting the pillow far around; and the 
child must cover the head up to keep it warm. 
"The head is wet from sweating, particularly at night; likes 
wrapping up."-Hg. [In young scrofulous children.] 
"The head is sore to the touch externally."-Hah. 
Itching, sore, painful eruption on scalp, relieved by wrapping. 
"Lumps rise on the head, hair falls out, scalp sensitive to> 
touch, even to hat; tearing pains."-Hg. [Neurasthenia.] 
"Cephalsematoma neonatorum."-Hg. 
"Coldness from nape of neck to vertex; head feels heavy."-Hg. 
/ 
Ears.--"Sihcea corresponds to a catarrhal affection of the ear, 
both external and middle, and of the Eustachian tube, producing 
deafness. There is also exalted sense of hearing (sympathetic), 
with headache."-D. 
Otitis, both external and internal, with suppuration. 
"Otorrhoea; foul, watery, curdy discharges, with caries."-Hg. 
Chrome caries of mastoid process; slow, painful suppuration. 
"Otalgia, with stitches from within out."-Hg. 
Difficult hearing; stoppage of the ears, which open at times 
with loud report. 
Much roaring and loud noises in the ears, with deafness. 
Eyes.-Most of the eye symptoms are sympathetic. 
"Smarting of the eyes; inflammation and lachrymation; red- 
ness of the eyes; painful as if too dry and full of sand in the- 
morning. "-Hah. 
"Long-lasting photophobia; daylight dazzles the eyes; letters 
run together, appear pale."-Hg. [Neurasthenia.] 
Ulceration of the cornea; pustular keratitis; opacity of the 
cornea; corneal fistula, with tearing, shooting pains. (Many 
cases have been cured.) 
"Cataract after suppressed foot-sweat, or ringworm."-Hg. 
"Boils around the eye and lids, and cystic tumors of the lids, 
frequently call for Silicea."-Dr. Sterns. [Especially if sub- 
acute or chronic.] SILICEA. 
857 
"In diseases of the lachrymal apparatus, it is a remedy of 
prime importance. It is especially adapted to inflammation of 
the lachrymal sac, with swelling, pain, tenderness, and lachry- 
mation; suppuration seems inevitable. Many cases have been 
cured."-A. and N. 
Dr. Woodyatt has used with great advantage Silicea in irido- 
choroiditis and other forms of inflammation of the uveal tract. 
Ciliary neuralgia has been often cured with Silicea. 
Nose.-The mucous membrane is congested, swollen, dry, and 
covered with crusts ; chronic coryza, and loss of smell. 
"Nose stuffed up, or alternately dry and fluent; obstructed 
mornings, fluent during the day."-Hg. [Especially in young 
children.] 
"Much acrid water runs from the nose, without coryza, mak- 
ing the nose sore and bloody internally."-Hah. [Catarrhal 
inflammation.] 
Ulceration of the nasal bones, from scrofulosis and syphilis. 
Mouth.-Ulceration of the corners of the mouth, with vesicu- 
lar eruption on the lips; submaxillary glands swollen, painful. 
Gums swollen, sensitive, and ulcerated; teeth carious; ache 
much, always greatly aggravated by cold air and water. 
Offensive odor from the mouth ; from caries of the teeth. 
"Teeth become loose, gums painful to slight pressure."-Hah. 
"Sensation as if a hair were lying on forepart of tongue."-Hah. 
"Mouth constantly dry."-Hah. [Atony of mucous membrane.] 
Bitter, foul, bloody, or sour taste. 
"Acidity of the mouth always after eating."-Hah. 
"Sore throat, painful when swallowing, with enlarged and 
painful submaxillary glands; swollen cervical glands."-Hah. 
"Scrofulous children during dentition keep grasping at their 
gums."-G. 
"Water tastes badly, vomits on drinking."-Hg. [Indigestion.] 
"Hungry, but can not get down food."-G. [Chronic dyspepsia.] 
"Ravenous hunger before supper, with complete loss of appe- 
tite, and trembling in all the limbs, followed by chilliness and 
coldness over the whole body, and heat in the chest. -Hah. 
"Acid eructations, with burning in the throat after a meal."- 
Goullon. 
"After meals, load as of a stone in stomach."-Dr. JU. E. Payne. 
Thirsty; patient drinks much ; atony of mucous membranes. 
"Across the stomach and hypochondria griping and pinching 
pain in paroxysms for weeks. Drawing and pinching pain extend- 
ing to hip-joints, or to the spinal column. D. 858 
SILICEA. 
Continued tearing, pressing, stitching pain in both hypochon- 
dria ; from indigestion and much flatulence. 
Abdomen.-"Abdomen hard, tense; greatly distended with 
flatulence, with rumbling and gurgling of gas."-Hah. 
Colic, especially in lower abdomen, with constipation; relieved 
by hot applications. Inguinal glands swollen. 
"Always great costiveness immediately before and during the 
catamenia."-Hg. [Semi-paralysis of the rectum and anus.] 
"Particularly indicated where there are spinal affections, and 
constipation of difficult stools, as if the rectum had not power 
to expel them, the stools recede after having been partly expelled." 
-G. [Very characteristic.] 
"Constipation with desire for stool;, sensation as though 
faeces remained in the rectum, which has not power to expel 
them; when, after much violent effort of the abdominal muscles, 
faeces have been nearly expelled, they suddenly recede into the 
rectum. This has often been verified in practice."-D. 
"Burning in the anus after dry, hard stool."-Hah. 
"Frequent desire for stool; but discharge of only mucus, with 
chilliness. "-Hah. 
Mushy stools that are horribly offensive, and very debilitating. 
Intensely painful haemorrhoids; protrude after stool, become 
incarcerated and suppurate; often accompanied with fistula. 
Urinary Organs.-Urinates copiously, or it is scanty with 
red, sandy deposits of uric acid ; organs very weak. 
F requent desire, with discharge by drops, and burning in the 
urethra; must get up almost every night to urinate."-!). 
Suppuration of the kidneys."-Hg. [Urine loaded with pus 
and mucus.] 
Wetting the bed at night in children with worms. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Lascivious thoughts, with nocturnal 
emissions, followed by great exhaustion ; prostatitis. 
"After coition, right side of the head seems paralyzed."-Hg. 
"Thick, fetid pus from the urethra; gonorrhoea."- Hg. 
"Discharge of prostatic fluid while straining at stool."-Hah. 
Hydrocele in children has been cured with Silicea. 
Sexual Organs, female.-Paroxysms of icy coldness over 
the whole body, at the appearance of the menses, and icy cold 
feet during the menses ; with very fetid foot-sweat. 
Constipation before and during the menses, of hard lumps, 
which remain long in the rectum, as if it had no power to expel 
them."-G. [With corrosive watery leucorrhcea.] SILICEA. 
859 
"Increased menses, paroxysms of icy coldness over the whole 
hody."-G. [Especially of the extremities.] 
Too frequent and too profuse menstruation; the blood has a 
strong odor. 
Menses very irregular every two or three months. (Pulsatilla.) 
"Discharge of white water from the uterus instead of the 
menses."-G. 
"Pure blood is caused to flow from the uterus every time the 
babe nurses."-G. [From atony of the uterus.] 
Acrid, profuse leucorrhoea, with itching of the vulva. 
"Aversion to mother's milk; vomits after nursing."-Hg. 
"Nipples ulcerate easily. Fistulous ulcers of the mammae; 
the substance of the mammae seems to be discharged in the pus ; 
one lobe after another seems to ulcerate and discharge into one 
common ulcer; often with great pain; or there may be several 
orifices, one for each lobe."-G. [Of great value.] 
"Hard lumps in mammae; nipples drawn in like a funnel; 
scirrhus."-Hg. 
Air-Passages.-Hoarseness; roughness and dryness in 
throat, with dry, irritating cough, and a feeling of a hair on the 
tongue. 
No remedy controls the suppurative process equal to Silicea. 
In organic diseases of the air-passages, where suppuration has 
taken place, with a suffocative racking, loose cough; copious 
expectoration of thick, yellow, greenish pus; accompanied with 
hectic fever; profuse night sweats, and great debility. 
"Cough, deep, exhausting; first dry, then loose; provoked by 
tickling in the throat; especially by a sensation as if a hair lay 
from tip of the tongue to trachea, compelling to cough, hack, and 
scrape; tickling in larynx at night, excited by cold drinks, by 
every act of speaking; by lying down at night."-D. 
Purulent expectoration of thick, yellow mucus; of greenish- 
yellow, offensive matter that sinks in water, chronic bronchitis and 
consumption, with debilitating night sweats. 
Dropsy of the chest, or empyema ; motion produces severe 
palpitation of the heart; from anaemia and lack of nutrition. 
"Pressing pain, stitches ; general sensation of weakness in the 
chest; can hardly speak is so weak."-D. [Phthisis.] 
Deep, sighing respiration ; better after eating; neurasthenia. 
Neck and- Back.-Cervical glands swollen, indurated; back 
very stiff after sitting; ulceration of the lymphatics. 
"Stiffness of the nape of the neck, with headache."-Ha A. 860 
SILICEA. 
"Weakness in back, and a paralyzed feeling in lower extremi- 
ties, could scarcely walk."-Hah. [From lack of nutrition.] 
"Constant aching in the center of the spine ; spinal irritation ; 
paralytic symptoms, cold feet and constipation."-Hg. 
Spinal curvature ; painful to touch and motion ; rachitis. 
"Coccyx stings very painful, after long carriage ride."-Hah. 
Limbs, Upper.-Offensive sweat in the axillae; glands swollen. 
Arms are heavy, and the muscles feel sore; neurasthenia. 
"Sense of numbness in hands and prickling in arms."-Hah. 
"Falling asleep of the hands at night; sensation as if the tips 
of the fingers were suppurating."-Hah. [Paralysis.] 
"Bone felons; deep-seated pains, burning and stinging, worse 
from warm bed ; ulceration about the nails ; hangnails."-Hg. 
"Finger-nails rough, yellow, very dry; fly to pieces when 
cut."-Hu/i. 
Caries of the fore-arm, wrist, or fingers, of long duration. 
Limbs, Lower.- Great weakness of the lower extremities. 
"Suppuration and caries of the hip-joint; has cured many cases, 
even where there has been so much destruction that the femoral 
head has completely escaped from the acetabulum. In from 
three months to one year, it has effectually cured this disease, 
when used from the 3d to the 30th."-Hg. [Use the 15th.] 
"Caries of the bones, with fistulous openings ; discharge of thin 
pus and bony fragments."-Franklin. 
Caries of the femur and tibia ; especially of the joints. 
Chronic inflammation of the knee-joint, with great swelling and 
partial anchylosis, in scrofulous children. (Of great value.) 
For cold legs and feet, with excessively fetid foot-sweat, no 
remedy can equal Silicea, when used in the 15th potency. 
"Offensive foot-sweat, with rawness between the toes."-Hg. 
Bad effects often follow suppression of excessive foot-sweat; 
and they are generally removed by Silicea, when persevered with. 
"In-growing toe-nail, offensive discharge."-Hg. 
"Itching of the soles, driving to despair."-Hg. 
"Intolerably bad, carrion-like odor of the feet."-Hah. 
Fever.-Very chilly all day, especially at every movement. 
"Icy-cold shivering frequently creeps over the body; limbs 
and feet especially cold."-Hah. [In weak, anaemic people.] 
"Febrile heat all night; violent thirst and catching respira- 
tion."-Hah. SILICEA. 
861 
In profuse perspiration every night, from chronic suppuration 
with great prostration, the high attenuations act like magic. 
Copious perspiration of the head, running down the neck, 
especially in children, wetting the pillow far around. 
"Frequent Hushes of heat, especially on face and head."-Hah. 
The fever of Silicea is not of a definite form; suppuration. 
Skin.-"Small wounds in the skin heal with difficulty, and 
easily suppurate. "-llartlaub. 
"Spongy, readily bleeding ulcers, with torpid, callous edges; 
fistulous ulcers, secreting a thin, ichorous, fetid, yellow fluid."- 
Franklin. 
"Ailments following vaccination, abscesses etc., even con- 
vulsions."-Hg. [In broken-down, anaemic subjects.] 
"Scrofulous cutaneous eruptions, if they occupy more the 
hairy parts and the tip of the nose."-Dr. Noack. 
"Suppurative processes; massive and repeated doses are indi- 
cated, if we have to do with scrofulous glandular swellings with 
suppuration. But, where there is actually suppuration, or even 
a tendency thereto, only high dilutions (30th) help."-Dr. Noack. 
[Chronic suppurations.] 
"The skin is sensitive and irritable; and the whole body is 
painful as if beaten."-D. [Especially in children.] 
Great tendency to boils, in any part of the body; mild and 
malignant carbuncles and suppurations; ulcers with stinging 
pains. 
"Variola-like pustules on the forehead, occiput, sternum, and 
spine, extremely painful, and at last suppurate."-Hah. 
Profuse night sweats, from suppuration, or in phthisis, are 
arrested at once by the highest dilutions. Dr. Holcombe has 
cured night sweats with the 6000th. We have no better remedy 
for copious, debilitating sweats; and, for the bad effects of 
suppression of fetid foot-sweat, no remedy can equal Silicea. 
Aggravation.-From cold air or water; during motion; at 
night, and morning ; during the new moon ; during menstruation, 
and from uncovering, especially the head. 
Amelioration.-From warmth, especially from wrapping the 
head up; in warm air, and middle of the day. 862 
SPIGELIA. 
SPIGELIA. 
Pink Root. 
Habitat: South America, West Indies, etc. Tincture of the dried plant. Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Puls , Cocc., Aur. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Spigelia has four spe- 
cial centers of action: 
I. Digestive Organs. Vermicide; Mild Cathartic. 
II. Cerebro-Spinal System. Neuralgia; Vertigo; Convulsions.. 
III. Eyes. Mydriasis; Rheumatic Ophthalmia; Neuralgia. 
IV. Heart. Rheumatism; Excessive Palpitation. 
Digestive Organs.-Spigelia acts here, in large doses, as a 
mild cathartic; but its most useful action is as a vermicide. It 
appears to narcotize the round worm; and then a brisk cathartic 
is required to carry it off. It has gained in the old school the 
highest place of all drugs for the destruction of lumbrici. They 
make an infusion of Spigelia, half-ounce, and Senna (as a cathar- 
tic), half-ounce. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-This is the most useful sphere for 
the use of Spigelia. It has a special affinity for the cerebro-spinal 
system, affecting more particularly the sentient nerves of the 
head, chest, and abdomen. The narcotic effects are, vertigo, 
dimness of vision, dilated pupils, spasmodic movements of the 
eyelids and facial muscles, and sometimes general convulsions. 
"The irritation of the nervous centers here displayed is, in the prov- 
ings, shown especially in the sensory portion. Pain, usually of a 
shooting character, is stirred up in many parts of the body, but 
especially in the head, face, and chest; and in all very predomi- 
nantly on the left side."-Hughes. 
Eyes.-The mydriatic effect of this drug is well marked. The 
dilatation of the pupil is from paralysis of the third nerve. "Pain 
in and over the eyes, redness and injection of the whites, sparks 
before the sight, distortion and irregular movements of the balls; 
the severe pain accompanying which indicates the sclerotica as SPIGELIA. 
863 
the tissue chiefly affected. . . . When rheumatic ophthalmia 
means sclerotitis, Spigelia will act most satisfactorily. But you 
must not suppose that it is only in true rheumatic affections of 
the eyes and heart that Spigelia is beneficial. It is much praised 
in the primary, neuralgic stage of the 'arthritic ophthalmia' which 
is probably acute glaucoma. Dr. Angell commends it in several 
inflammatory conditions of the eyes in scrofulous children, where, 
with photophobia, there is severe ciliary neuralgia."-Hughes. 
Heart and Arteries.-The heart symptoms are those of great 
pressure on the chest; violent palpitation, and cutting pains in 
the heart and down the left arm. The action of the heart and 
arteries is accelerated, producing cutaneous transpiration. In 
rheumatic carditis, endocarditis and angina pectoris, Spigelia 
has done fine service. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Head.-In neuralgia, where the pain centers on the eye, above 
or below, from cold, in damp, rainy weather, this remedy is the 
first to be tried. Hyperaesthesia of the filaments of the fifth pair 
of nerves is one of the most prominent symptoms of Spigelia. 
"When headaches take the form of supra-orbital neuralgia, 
especially on the left side; when the pain recurs at regular inter- 
vals, tends to spread to the face or neck and to involve the eyes; 
is aggravated by the least concussion or motion, but especially by 
stooping; associated with pale face, restlessness, and palpitation. 
It is no less effectual when the pain is seated in the infra-orbital 
and maxillary branches of the nerVe. Baehr gives it the first place 
for prosopalgia."-Hughes. 
"Fine, burrowing, tearing pain in the brain, especially violent 
in the left parietal bone, on motion, on walking, especially violent 
on making a false step."-Dr. Hermann. [Rheumatic.! 
"Burning pain in the right side of the forehead, extending to 
the eye, so that he could not turn it without pain."-Dr. Meyer. 
"A pressive pain in the right side of the head, involving the 
right eye, in the morning in bed, but still more after rising; the 
pain was deeply seated, unaffected by pressure, very acute on mo- 
tion ; on sudden turning the head, the brain seemed to be loose; 
every jar, step, even straining at stool, aggravated the pain, or 
produced it when not already present."-Dr. Sadin. 
Scalp very sore and sensitive to the touch; from neuralgia. 
"Does not dare to shake the head, it hurts into the brain and 
he becomes dizzy."-Hah. [Hypertesthesia of the fifth nerve.] 864 
SPIGELIA. 
Eyes.-In rheumatic and arthritic ophthalmia; eyes feel too 
large, and hurt greatly on motion ; neuralgia very severe. 
"Intolerable pressive pain in the eyeballs; still more painful 
on turning the eyes; obliged to turn the whole head."-Meyer. 
Rheumatic sclerotitis; pains are sharp and tearing; with 
pressure in the eyeballs; feathers appear to be on the lashes and 
sparks of fire before the eyes ; neurasthenia. 
"Its action is exerted on all the tissues, but especially upon 
the muscular and fibrous tissues and upon the functions of special 
sense."-D. [And is useful in rheumatoid diseases.] 
"The occiput is the seat of many pains, which extend into the 
nape, causing stiffness of the neck and, at the same time, restless- 
ness. In the forehead, and especially in the frontal protuberance, 
we find pulsating stitches ; pressure from within outward ; boring 
and burning pain; the latter is probably superficial, and indicates 
an affection of the supra-orbital nerve."-D. 
Heart.-Rheumatic pericarditis, with violent palpitation of 
the heart, and anxiety; palpitation so violent that the walls of 
the chest are raised. 
"Waving palpitation ; not synchronous with the pulse ; purring 
feeling over the heart; trembling of the carotids."-Haue. 
"Dyspnoea ; can lie only on the right side, with trunk raised ; 
the least motion produces great suffocation, with anxiety and pal- 
pitation of the heart."-G. 
"In the morning as soon as he sat down after rising from bed, 
the heart began to beat violently, with great oppression, and cut- 
ting pains in lower abdomen, as from incarcerated flatulence."- 
Gross. 
"Unusually violent palpitation of the heart, so that he could 
hear the pulsation, and the beats could be seen externally through 
the clothes."-Dr. Hermann. [Very characteristic.] 
Digestive Organs.-"Toothache caused by the customary 
smoke in the evening; of a throbbing, tearing nature, aggravated 
by cold water, disappearing on lying down."-Hah. 
"Tearing in lower jaw, extending to ear and about it."-Hah. 
"Fine stitches in tongue,-is full of cracks."-Dr. Guttmann. 
Much spitting of frothy saliva, or slimy mucus; rheumatic 
dyspepsia. Nausea every morning before breakfast. 
" Dull stitches in pit of stomach and oppression of chest, worse 
on inspiration."-Dr. Gross. [With rheumatism of heart.] 
"Griping in abdomen as though all the intestines would be con- 
stricted, caused great anxiety, difficult respiration."-Hartmann. SPONGIA 
865 
"Painful pressure in the lower abdomen as if it would burst, 
in the evening before stool; relieved by stool."-Dr. Guttmann. 
Thin, mushy stool. 
Much itching of the anus; ascarides and lumbricoides. 
In large doses, it is specific for lumbricoides. 
Limbs.-Tearing pains in all the limbs, with great weakness 
of the body; tearing in the joints ; rheumatism. 
Very sensitive to cold air and to touch; the slightest jar or 
knock causes intense pain; acute inflammatory rheumatism. 
Chilliness predominates, and mostly in the morning. 
Flushes of heat; night sweats; especially if at the climacteric. 
Aggravation.-From motion, noise, touch, turning the eyes ; 
from morning till midnight, and from cold. 
Amelioration.-During rest; after midnight, and warmth. 
SPONGIA. 
Spongia Marina Tosta. 
Habitat: Mediterranean Sea, etc. Tincture of the roasted Sponge, Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Puls., Cocc. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Spongia has four spe- 
cial centers of action : 
I. Glands. (Thyroid, Testes, Lymphatics.) Congest.; Hypert'y. 
II. Mucous Membranes. Secretions Arrested; Dry, Hoarse Cough. 
III. Heart. Lack of Nutrition; Valvular Deposits. 
IV. Blood. Fibrine Increased; Anaemia. 
Glandular System.-Spongia produces enlargement and in- 
duration of the glands, especially affecting the thyroid and testi- 
cles. On the lymphatics, Spongia has a marked effect, as shown 
by its beneficial influence upon strumous swellings. This will not 
surprise us if we consider that it contains Iodine, Sulphur, Phos- 
phorus, Kali hyd., Kali brom., Carbo veg. "Hahnemann observed 
from Spongia, aching swelling of the testes, and a similar condi- 
tion of the spermatic cord. Dr. Hering gives several cases of 866 
SPONGIA. 
chronic orchitis and epididymitis, in which the drug proved highly 
efficacious. "-Hughes. 
The physiological effects of Iodine upon goiter are so similar 
to those of Spongia that they can be studied together. Spongia 
has caused pain, tenderness, and swelling of existing goiters; and 
Hahnemann's provers report that "the region of the thyroid gland 
is as if hardened." This knowledge and the many cures made of 
goiter with Spongia, give us great confidence in the action of this 
drug on this gland. 
Mucous Membrane.-Spongia produces inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the larynx and trachea, with great hoarse- 
ness, aphonia, and dry, barking cough, and obstruction of respi- 
ration, as if a plug were there. "There can be no question as to 
the eminent value of Spongia in simple inflammations of the lar- 
ynx, from the slightest catarrh to the severest laryngitis, with all 
theii manifestations of hoarseness, aphonia, and barking cough. 
It is in the dry form or stage of these affections that Spongia 
finds its place; and it rapidly promotes resolution. I have seen 
it so prompt in removing laryngeal symptoms in a phthisical pa- 
tient, that I believe it to be of great value in phthisis."-Hughes, 
Heart. It probably attacks the nutrition of the heart, through 
the lymphatics. Dr. P. P. Wells believes it the most valuable 
medicine wre have for heart disease, where there are fibrinous 
deposits upon the valves. He states that he has repeatedly found 
the bellows-murmur disappear under its use. Sudden waking at 
night with a sense of suffocation is the symptom which especially 
leads him to its choice. In one case, it greatly relieved the cough 
and other concomitants of an aneurism of the descending aorta." 
-Hughes. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Respiratory Organs.-Since Hahnemann's introduction of 
Spongia for croup, no remedy has proved of more value in this 
disease where the acute inflammatory symptoms have been sub- 
ued by Aconite, and the dry, hoarse, croupous, irritating cough 
is a constant symptom. Not of much use in membranous form. 
Cough dry and is sibilant, sounding like a saw driven through 
a pine board, each cough corresponding to a thrust of the saw."- 
Cr. [Acute non-inflammatory form.] 
"Great dryness of the larynx, with hoarse, hollow, wheezing 
cough; chronic hoarseness and cough; the voice frequently giv- 
ing out when talking or singing."-G. [Complete aphonia.] SPONGIA. 
867 
"Incessant cough, from a place low down in the chest where it 
pains as if sore and bloody, from coughing."-Hah. 
"Dry cough day and night, with burning in the chest, as from 
something hot internally; disappears from eating and drinking." 
-Hah. 
Expectoration decidedly salty ; usually no expectoration. 
"Difficult respiration, as if a plug were sticking in the larynx, 
and the breath could not get through, on account of constriction 
of the larynx."-Hah. [Chronic cases, with glandular affections.] 
"Pain in the chest and bronchi, with rawness in the chest and 
throat when coughing."-Hah. [Dry, racking bronchitis.] 
Dry coryza; chronic dry nasal catarrh ; nose entirely occluded. 
"Dyspnoea, and great weakness in the chest, so that she could 
hardly talk after exercise."-Hah. [From anaemia.] 
Goiter.-Many cases have been cured with this remedy; but it 
is not as reliable as Iodine. Where it is indicated, there are 
many stitching pains in the goiter. If there is a dry laryngeal or. 
tracheal cough, Spongia is still more indicated. 
Head.-Great joy, soon followed by sadness. 
"Irresistible desire to sing, with excessive mirth."-Hah. 
"Fear of the future; tired of life."-Hg. [In chronic orchitis.] 
"Congestion of blood to head, throbbing in forehead."-Hah. 
"Vertigo at night, with nausea."-Hg. 
Sharp stitches in the scalp, with heat of scalp. 
Digestive Organs.-Taste bitter, with dry tongue. 
Increased appetite, great hunger, with excessive thirst. 
"Ulcerative feeling in the pit of the stomach."-Jty. 
"Can not tolerate tight clothing about the stomach."-Hg. 
"Stomach feels flaccid, and as if standing open."-Hg. 
Constipation, stool hard, insufficient, with soreness of anus. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-"Smooth swelling; inflammation and 
induration of the testicles. -Hempel. [Chronic cases.] 
"Testicles swollen hard, screwing, squeezing, with stitches up 
into the cord; motion brings on throbbing; maltreated orchitis; 
also after checked gonorrhoea."-Hg. [Much despondency.] 
Indurated and enlarged inguinal glands and lymphatics. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Induration, enlargement of ovaries. 
"Menses too early and too profuse ; preceded by colic, soreness 
in the sacrum, and craving in the stomach. G. 
"Violent drawing in the upper and lower extremities during 
the menses."-G. [Which are too early and too piofuse.] 868 
STANNUM. 
Heart.-"Attacks of severe oppression and pain in the region 
of the heart; all the symptoms aggravated by lying with the head 
low; inability to lie down at night.''-Dr. J. B. Bell. 
"Every day several attacks of heat, anxiousness, pain. Hg. 
"Rush of blood to the chest, and palpitation of the heart, with 
full, rapid pulse."-[Lack of nutrition in young people.] 
"Afigina pectoris; contracting pain in chest, heat, suffocation, 
faintness, and anxious sweat."-Hg. [Organic heart disease.] 
"Rheumatic endocarditis, loud blowing with each heart-beat." 
-Hg. 
Valvular insufficiency; awakened at night with suffocation 
and violent palpitation, and great alarm. 
"In people with dark hair; nervous temperament; on left 
side."-Dr. H. C. Jessen. 
Aggravation.-In the evening, until midnight; lying with 
head low; when ascending, and during perspiration. 
Amelioration-During the day; when descending, and the 
cough by eating and drinking. 
STANNUM. 
Tin. 
An element in Europe, Asia, etc.; Trituration. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Stannum has four special centers 
of action: 
I. Cerebro-S. System. Neurasthenia; Neuralgia; Paralysis. 
II. Sexual Organs. Profound Neurasthenia. 
III. Lungs. Catarrhal Inflammation; Bronchorrhoea. 
IV. Digestive Organs. Vermicide; Enteralgia; Constipation. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Stannum produces a state of neu- 
rasthenia and complete prostration of the animal nervous system, 
with its neuralgiae, etc. Dr. Hughes says: "More satisfactory is 
the evidence of the neurotic influence of Tin derived from the 
observed effects of the Chloride. Pereira's account of this salt is 
naively Homoeopathic : 'When taken as a poison, it causes convul- 
sive movements of the muscles of the extremities and of the STANNUM. 
869 
face, and sometimes paralysis. It has been used . . . as an 
anti-spasmodic in epilepsy, chorea, and other convulsive diseases, 
and as a stimulant to paralyzed muscles in paraplegia;' it has 
produced catalepsy in a dog." [In the motor sphere, Tin produces 
convulsions and paralysis; in the sentient sphere, neuralgia.] 
Sexual Organs.-In both sexes, Tin produces profound de- 
bility and neurasthenia of the sexual organs. 
Respiratory Organs.-Tin acts upon the mucous membrane 
of the lungs, especially that of the bronchioles, producing ca- 
tarrhal inflammation, and profuse muco-purulent expectoration, 
with dilatation of the bronchi, and complete exhaustion of the 
nerves of the lungs. No remedy produces such a feeling of weak- 
ness of the lungs as that caused by Tin. 
Digestive Organs.-Tin is ranked as a prominent vermicide 
by all writers; and its anthelmintic powers have been attributed 
to its local mechanical action; but Hahnemann demonstrated 
that Tin was an actual narcotic to these parasites, capable of so 
stupefying the tape-worm, lumbrici, and ascarides, that puiga- 
tives would dislodge them at once. Even the third trituration 
would produce this effect. Tin is of great value in helminthiasis. 
Tin acts specifically upon the liver, as shown by the marked 
hypochondriasis, The nerves of the bowels are so piostiated that 
we have much colic; diarrhoea, but more apt to ha\e the bowels 
constipated. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
General Indications.-In diseases where Tin is especially to 
be thought of, there is profound prostration of the whole nervous- 
system ; patient must drop down, but can get up very well. 
"Goes up stairs well, but becomes very faint in coming 
down."-G. v 4.- » 
"Reading aloud or talking produces great exhaustion. -Cr. 
The great prostration of the cerebro-spinal nervous system is 
remarkable, compared to the slight disturbance of the vegetative 
Great weakness of the legs; they are not able to support the 
body, from profuse prostration of the cerebro-spinal system. 
"The pains commence lightly, increase gradually to a very 
high degree, and decrease again as slowly."-Hah. 
In almost all diseases the patient has a feeling of great weak- 
ness and exhaustion in the chest. (Neurasthenia.) 870 
STANNUM. 
j£ead<_"Her distress of mind ceases as soon as the menses 
begin to flow."-G. [Anxiety and disposed to weep.] 
Dizziness; the whole head feels heavy, with sadness. 
"Sullen; answers unwillingly and shortly."-Hah. 
"Constriction and sudden pressure in the whole upper part of 
the head, slowly increasing and decreasing."-Dr. Gross. 
"Pressure in the left temple, beginning slight, then increasing, 
and so again diminishing, as if the forehead would be pressed in- 
ward."-Dr. Gross. 
"Neuralgia of the head; begins lightly and increases gradually 
to its highest point, and then gradually declines."-Hah. 
"Face pale and sunken, sickly; features elongated."-Hah. 
Digestive Organs.-Tongue yellow, coated heavy with mucus. 
"Bad odor from the mouth."-Hah. [From chronic bronchitis.] 
"Thick mucus adheres firmly to the throat, and the efforts to 
raise it excite an almost resistless inclination to vomit."-Dr. Pitet. 
Throat sore and feels raw during deglutition; chronic catarrh. 
Insatiable hunger; can not eat enough, from indigestion. , 
Bitter or sour eructations, with pressure in pit of stomach. 
"Vomiting of blood; of bile and mucus on awaking in the 
morning; of water when smelling cooking."-Hg. [General 
neurasthenia.] 
"Sinking, gone feeling in the epigastrium."-Hg. [Portal 
congestion.] 
"Uneasy, knows not what to do with himself, pains relieved by 
walking, yet so weak he soon must rest."-Hg. [Amemia.] 
"Cardialgia, pains gradually come and go, extend to the navel, 
relieved by hard pressure."-Dry. 
"Burning in the hepatic region ; cutting pains about the navel; 
pains as if from an ulcer; empty feeling after eating."-Dr. H. C. 
Jessen. 
"Pressure on the abdomen relieves the pain when the child is 
crying with colic; relief is at once obtained by carrying it with 
its abdomen resting upon the point of the nurse's shoulder."-G. 
Children that are frequently afflicted with worms ; lumbrici. 
"Sensation of emptiness in the abdomen."-G. [With great 
hunger.] 
Stools green, curdy, with colic."-Jessen. [Abdomen sore.] 
Constipation with ineffectual desire for stool; stool does not 
relieve ; constipation predominates; not able to defecate. 
Urine profuse and pale, or scanty and loaded with phosphates. STANNUM. 
871 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Irritation with great weakness and 
nocturnal emissions, and marked neurasthenia. 
"Voluptuous feeling in the genitals, with emissions."-Hg. 
Spermatorrhoea where the greatest symptom is excessive 
prostration. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Excited sexual desire; easy orgasm. 
"Scratching the arm produces an intolerable sensation of 
pleasure in the genital organs which extends to the uterus, and 
produces sexual orgasm."-Teste. [With neurasthenia.] 
"Menses too early, too profuse, preceded by melancholy; pain 
in the malar bones which continues during the menses."-Hg. 
"Leucorrhcea with marked loss of strength; the weakness 
seems to proceed from the chest."-G. [Marked characteristic.] 
"Bearing-down in the uterine region; prolapsus uteri and 
vaginae; wTorse during stool; feels so weak she must drop down 
suddenly, but can get up readily."-Hg. [Neurasthenia.] 
"In prolapsus uteri, I have hardly ever known it to fail, and 
have been astonished at its power over prolapsus; it seems to 
strengthen the uterine ligaments."-Hughes. 
"Labor-pains produce great exhaustion from weakness in the 
chest; is all out of breath; can not talk, feels so weak."-G. 
Chest.-Chronic bronchitis, with profuse greenish expectora- 
tion, and great debility; legs are not able to support the body; 
all the weakness centers in the chest. 
"Laryngeal phthisis, with constant short, irritating, hacking 
cough and aphonia, with empty feeling in the chest."-Hg. 
"If she has a cough with expectoration, the expectoration 
causes a weakness in the chest."-G. [This exceeds all others.] 
"Profuse greenish expectoration in bronchitis."-Dr. Douglas. 
"Mucus in the trachea, in the forenoon, easily expectorated, 
with great weakness of the chest, as if eviscerated, with weakness 
of the whole body and limbs."-L>r. Franz. [Neurasthenia.] 
"Hoarseness, weakness, and emptiness in the chest, on be- 
ginning to sing, so that she was constantly obliged to stop and 
take a deep breath ; at times a few expulsive coughs removed the 
hoarseness for a moment."-Dr. Gross. 
"Scraping cough, with greenish expectoration of an offensive 
sweetish taste, worse in the evening, with hoarseness, and sore- 
ness of the trachea and chest, provoking a cough; fatiguing 
paroxysms of cough, so that the epigastrium was painful as if 
beaten."-Hah. [Chest feels eviscerated it is so weak.] 872 
STICTA PULMONARIA. 
"Short, difficult respiration, caused by weakness of the 
respiratory organs, with great emptiness of the chest, though 
without dyspnoea."-Dr. Gross. [Pale, anaemic subjects.] 
"Dyspnoea from slight motion."-Guttmann. 
Every motion oppresses the breathing, especially evenings. 
Limbs.-Arms so weak that he can not hold anything. 
Great loss of strength in the arms and legs; have no strength 
in them; the legs can not support the body; neurasthenia. 
Excessive prostration of mind and body, must sit or lie down; 
when about to sit down, falls upon the chair, for want of strength 
to sit down; this is a prominent characteristic of Tin. 
Paralytic weakness of the arms and legs, with swelling of th& 
hands and feet in the evening; general anaemia. 
Aggravation.-Evening, during rest; from cold, talking, and 
from motion. 
Amelioration.-When lying or sitting down; from warmth, 
and during the day. 
STICTA PULMONARIA. 
Lungwort. 
Habitat: Europe, etc. Tincture of the fresh lichen, Class III. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Sticta has one special 
center of action : 
I. Mucous Membrane. (Lungs.) Catarrhal Inflammation. 
Mucous Membrane.-Sticta produces catarrhal inflammation 
of the respiratory mucous membrane; and where excessive dry- 
ness of the mucous membrane predominates, has proved of great 
value. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
"Excessive dryness of nasal mucous membrane."-Boyce. 
Feeling of fullness at the root of the nose; acute catarrh. 
The secretions are so quickly dried that they are discharged, 
after great effort, in the form of hard scabs."-Boyce. 
The soft palate felt like dried leather, with painful degluti- 
tion."-Dr. Boyce. [Sub-acute and chronic catarrh.] STILLINGIA SYLVATICA. 
873 
"Cough at first dry and hacking, from tickling in the larynx, 
which finally extends to the lungs."-Dr. D. S. Jones. 
"The characteristic of Sticta in catarrhal affections (nasal) is 
a constant necessity of blowing the nose, but no discharge re- 
sults,-analogous to the well-known symptom of Nux vomica, 
futile calls to stool."-F. 
Great desire to talk, must talk anyway, can not keep quiet. 
"Often useful in insomnia, from various causes."-F. 
"In sleeplessness of children, after surgical operations (setting 
fractured leg, e. g.), I have found it to act like a charm."-F. 
Laryngeal and tracheal catarrh ; continuous dry cough at night. 
Aggravation.-Night and in damp weather. 
Amelioration.-During the day. 
STILLINGIA SYLVATICA. 
Queen's Root. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh root, Class III; dried root, Class IV. 
Through the vegetative nervous system, Stillingia has four special 
centers of action: 
I. Mucous Membranes. Inflammation; Bronchorrhoea. 
II. Lymphatics. Acrid Secretions; Hypertrophy. 
III. Fibrous Tissue. Rheumatoid Inflammation; Nodes. 
IV. Skin. Eczema; Ulcerations, Discharging Much. 
Mucous Membranes.-The action of this drug is centeied espe- 
cially upon the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs, 
greatly increasing the mucous secretions; and also upon the 
renal organs and digestive apparatus. In frill doses, it purges 
violently. 
Lymphatic Glandular System.-This drug congests and 
greatly perverts the lymphatic secretions; and it has been of 
much value in scrofulous affections, especially in children with 
enlarged cervical glands, muco-purulent discharges, excoriations. 
Fibrous Tissue.-Stillingia's action is principally centered 
upon the periosteum, as shown by the painful nodes on the skull 874 
STILLINGIA SYLVATICA. 
and limbs, and many rheumatic symptoms. Its action greatly 
resembles that of Phytolacca and Mezereum. Its therapeutic 
value in secondary syphilis and chronic rheumatism has been 
very great. It also acts specifically upon the cartilages of larynx. 
Skin.-Here it produces eczema, and a dull red, soft, and 
tubercular eruption on the skin, ulcerating, and discharging 
quantities of pus. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Chronic scrofulous skin diseases, especially if complicated with 
venereal rheumatism, with copious suppuration. 
Mild secondary syphilis, with immense nodes upon the head 
and legs; severe bone-pains and great depression of spirits. 
In chronic periosteal rheumatism, it is of much value. 
"Distressing aching pains in the long bones, with nodes, in 
secondary syphilis."-Dr. H. N. Martin. [Rheumatism.] 
Sciatica in syphilitic patients, very obstinate, with nodes. 
Copious muco-purulent leucorrhcea, with rheumatic pains. 
Laryngitis, especially if of a syphilitic character, with hoarse- 
ness and dry, spasmodic cough, or it may be loose. 
"Toward evening, excessively dry cough, produced by a tickling 
sensation in the trachea."-Dr. T. Eckles. [With rheumatism.] 
In torpidity of the liver, with jaundice and great depression of 
the mind, with constipation, Stillingia acts nicely. 
Aggravation.-Afternoon, damp air, and motion. 
Amelioration.-Morning, and dry air. STRAMONIUM. 
875 
STRAMONIUM. 
Thorn Ajiple. 
Habitat: North America, Europe, etc. Tincture of the fresh plant, Class I. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Stramonium has six spe- 
cial centers of action: . 
I. Cerebro-S. S. Spasms; Furious Delirium; Obstinate Insomnia. 
IL Eyes. Mydriatic; Inflammation. 
III. Sexual Organs. Aphrodisiac; Great Indecency; Impotency. 
IV. Vaso-M. Circ. Tonic Capillary Contraction; Temp. Incr'd. 
V. Digestive 0. Spasms of Throat; Dryness; Constipation. 
VI. Skin. Fiery Redness of Skin; Vesicular Erysipelas. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-The power Stramonium possesses 
of deranging the sensorium and cerebral nerves, is remarkable. 
It causes more furious delirium than Belladonna, but not so 
much congestion of blood to the head; still, it produces more 
congestion than Hyoscyamus. The irritating or neurotic powers 
of Stramonium seem almost wholly spent on the sensorium. 
"Functional derangements of the abdominal organs seem to 
result from a sympathetic irritation, rather than from direct 
influence .of the poison." 
"With the delirium are hallucinations ; dilated pupils ; amau- 
rosis ; diminished general sensibility; extreme,mobility of the mus- 
cular system, with loss of voluntary control; sexual excitement; 
spasmodic dysphonia and dysphagia ; great dryness of the throat, 
and frequently a bright red eruption on the skin. If the poison- 
ing goes on, congestive sopor and general palsy set in."-Hughes. 
An over-dose of Stramonium taken by the soldiers at James- 
town, illustrates most beautifully the mental symptoms. Bev- 
erly informs us that they turned natural fools for several days. 
One would blow up a feather in the air, another would dart straws 
at it with much fury; and another, stark naked, was sitting up in 
a corner, like a monkey, grinning and making mouths at them; a 
fourth would fondly kiss and paw his companions, and sneer in 
their faces, with a countenance more antic than in any Dutch 876 
STRAMONIUM. 
droll. In this frantic condition they were confined, lest they 
should in their folly destroy themselves ; though it was observed 
that all their actions were full of innocence and good nature. 
After eleven days they returned to themselves again, not remem- 
bering anything that had passed. In another case, the patient 
seemed plunged in a reverie, which was interrupted by sudden 
shrieks, or by convulsions, and in others still, the delirium was 
so furious as to call for forcible restraint; the head being hot, 
the pupils largely dilated, the face bloated and red, and the hands 
and feet cold and tremulous. In one case, when a cup of water 
was brought to the patient's lips, she would instantly start from 
it, and relapse into a convulsive paroxysm. At no period in the 
progress of the symptoms, until death seems imminent, is there 
the least tendency to sleep; on the contrary, there is obstinate 
insomnia; and yet, on the recovery of the patient, he retains no 
distinct recollection of what has occurred."-Stille. 
Eyes.-Through the sympathetic, Stramonium produces ex- 
treme dilatation of the pupil; the conjunctiva injected; the sight 
very much confused ; to one man, black objects appeared green. 
Daturia dilates the pupil more rapidly than Atropia; but the 
effect is not so lasting, and it is never followed by contraction of 
the pupil; yet it irritates more than Atropia. 
Spine.-Its action is shown here to be more on the motor 
tract, from the violent convulsions produced; but the conducting 
power of the motor and sensory nerves is not destroyed. The 
muscular contractility is not affected. 
Sexual Organs.-As an aphrodisiac, Stramonium has been 
used to produce intoxication for licentious purposes. Wendt 
used it to lessen venereal excitement in nymphomania; and, in 
puerperal mania, it stands at the head of our remedies. The in- 
decent and voluptuous sexual excitement, exposing the sexual 
organs, is a marked symptom of this drug. This is followed by 
complete prostration of sexual desire, and temporary impotence. 
Circulation.-Stramonium has a marked action upon the 
heart and arterial capillary blood-vessels. Probably most of its 
action is upon the vaso-motor nerves; but MM. Oulmont and 
Laurent think Hyoscyamus and Stramonium both act alike. Of 
its influence over the sympathetic, they say: "1. Hyoscyamia 
and Daturia act especially on the sympathetic. 2. In small doses, 
they reduce the capillary circulation [exhaust the irritability of 
the vaso-motor system]. 3. The arterial tension is increased by STRAMONIUM. 
877 
the administration of weak, and is diminished by powerful, doses. 
These effects are not modified by section of the vagi. 4. The fre- 
quency of the pulse is increased, and its fullness diminished. 5. 
Hyoscyamia renders the movements of the heart regular. Da- 
turia often produces intermittence and arrest of action. When 
applied directly, both alkaloids slow, and finally arrest, the beats. 
6. Both always accelerate the respiration. 7. Small doses gen- 
erally give rise to slight increase of temperature; large doses 
diminish the central temperature." 
Digestive Organs.-Great dryness of the throat is a marked 
effect of this drug, with intense thirst and terrible spasms of the 
throat on attempting to swallow. Small doses accelerate the 
movements of the intestines, and large doses paralyze them. 
From this muscular paralysis, we have excessive accumulation of 
gas in the intestines. It produces diarrhoea ; but the marked and 
lasting effect is obstinate constipation. The sphincters are para- 
lyzed bv large doses. This effect of Stramonium is similar to 
that of Belladonna, but not nearly so marked. It produces com- 
plete suppression of the urine. 
Skin.-From irritation of filaments of the spinal nerves, Stra- 
monium produces "a fiery redness of the whole body, and a pete- 
chial rash on chest and back, likewise upon lower extremities. 
"The skin is sometimes profusely covered with a bright red 
eruption, which may be followed by a crop of minute vesicles; or 
the eruption may resemble erysipelas, at first, and measles at a 
later period."-Stille. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Mind and Head.-"There are few neuroses in which Stramo- 
nium is not more or less useful. It is our chief remedy in acute 
mania, to which it is more homoeopathic than the inflammatory 
Belladonna; and it is hardly less valuable in delirium tremens, 
when assuming the active form described as 'mania a potu' by 
older writers. The constant association of hallucinations with its 
delirium makes it very appropriate here, and wherever else they 
0Ccur."-[Excellent in low nervous fevers.] 
Rush of blood to the head, with furious loquacious delirium. 
"Loquacious delirium; disposed to talk continually, with desire 
to escape out of bed."-G. [And expose their genital organs.] 
"Imagines all sorts of things: that she is double, lying cross- 
ways; pangs of conscience, thinks he is not honest; does not 
know his friends ; raves about his business. G. 878 
STRAMONIUM. 
" 'There,' he replied, 'a long train of bed-bugs, and after them 
a procession of beetles, and here come crawling over me a host of 
cockroaches.' He sank back in alarm ; then suddenly he turned 
to me, saying, 'I believe I know they are not really bugs; but, ex- 
cept once and awhile, they seem real to me.' Many times re- 
peated."-D. 
"In mania, this is a most valuable remedy. The form which 
requires it has less fever than that of Belladonna,-more convul- 
sion of isolated groups of muscles; more hallucination. It has 
more fever than that of Hyoscyamus, less loquacity; no quarrel- 
someness, but, on the contrary, good nature. The hallucinations 
are real, not, as under Hyoscyamus, half real, bewildering the pa- 
tient."-D. 
Muttering delirium, with an extreme degree of nervous ere- 
thism, trembling, convulsions, and restlessness. 
"Desires light and company ; worse in the dark and solitude ; 
awakens with a shrinking look, as if afraid of the first object 
seen."-G. [Puerperal mania, and insanity.] 
"Mock laughter when looking at the picture of his father; face 
red ; eyes wild, alternating with melancholy."-G. 
"Young men or women who pray, sing, or talk so devoutly and 
constantly as to excite the sympathy of all the house."-G. 
"Child is delirious ; does not know where it is ; calls for papa 
and mamma, although they may be present trying to console it." 
-G. 
"Sight of brilliant objects, and contact, renew the spasms; 
wild thoughts when she is awake; frightful sensations, without 
perspiration."-G. [Excessive nervous hypersemia.] 
"Continually strange objects intrude upon his fancy, frighten- 
ing him; they appear to grow out of the ground at his side, in 
the form of large dogs, cats, and other horrible beasts, from which 
he springs away to one side with signs of terror, and can not get 
rid of them."-Dr. Franz. 
"Excessive aversion to water, amounting even to rage, when it 
was attempted to administer any liquid, appearing like hydropho- 
bia ; he even had the spasmodic irritation of the pharyngeal mus- 
cles, so that anything taken choked him and was regurgitated." 
-Dr. Grienberg. 
"The sight of a light, a mirror, or water, excited horrible con- 
vulsions."-Hah. [Well-marked hydrophobia.] 
It has cured a number of cases of hydrophobia, so called by 
our best physicians,whom we must believe. STRAMONIUM. 
879 
"Vertigo when walking in the dark, day or night; he staggers 
and falls down every time he attempts to walk; the same when 
walking in a darkened room in the day-time."-G. [Bad effects 
of fermented liquors.] 
Stramonium produces no special headache, but has great con- 
gestion of blood to the head, with convulsive movements; the face 
swollen and distorted. 
Eyes.-"Excessive dilatation of the pupils, with staring eyes; 
great confusion of sight; motes appear in vision; conjunctiva in- 
jected ; as if the vessels were filled with dirty liquid."-Dr. Hoer- 
ing. [Acute conjunctivitis.] 
Dilatation of pupils so great that vision is completely lost. 
"Light dazzles; shuns light; convulsions from brilliant ob- 
jects."-Hg. [In great excitement of the cerebrum.] 
Double vision ; illusion of colors ; - often dark blue or red; 
everything seems to be tipping over; everything is in a fog. 
Has cured strabismus from disease of the brain. 
Ears.-Very sensitive to noises; least noise startles him; 
otalgia worse at night; nervous deafness. 
Mouth and Throat.-Excessive dryness of the mouth. 
"Lips sore and cracked, with sordes on the teeth."-Neidhard. 
"Speech stammering, difficult, unintelligible."-Dr. Rohrer. 
"Glairy saliva dribbling from the mouth."-Dr. Shortt. 
Saliva excessively salty ; in many extremely nervous people. 
"Tongue yellowish-brown, dry in the center, or dry and 
swollen. "-Neidhard. 
"All kinds of food taste like straw; in fact, she has no taste." 
-G. 
"Nausea, with flow of very saltish saliva."-G. [Enteric fever.] 
"Constriction of the throat, and a kind of paralysis, so that 
swallowing was very difficult, almost impossible. Dr. Buckner. 
"Terrible spasms of the throat on attempting to swallow, like 
hydrophobia."-Dr. Blake. 
"Distressing dryness of the fauces, which wTere very red, with 
difficult swallowing."-Dr. Hoering. [Acute scarlatina.] 
Stomach.-Violent thirst, unallayed by water; craves acids. 
"Vomiting of bile on motion or even sitting up in bed."-D. 
"Hiccough ; restlessness and wandering delirium."-G. 
Epigastrium tense, hard, painful; cardialgia with vomiting. 
Abdomen.-Abdomen hard, tense, tympanitic, and distended 
with gas, from paralysis of the muscles of the intestines. 880 
STRAMONIUM. 
Sudden violent colic, with much fainting and chilliness. 
"Diarrhoea of a cadaverous odor."-G. [In small children.! 
"Cholera infantum; foul-smelling stools; strabismus; face 
pale ; awakens in a fright."-Hg. [Great nervous excitement.] 
Constipation is a marked symptom of Stramonium; it may 
alternate with diarrhoea ; and bleeding haemorrhoids. 
Urinary Organs.-Urine is suppressed, but great desire to 
urinate ; eruptive fevers, with complete suppression of urine. 
"Stramonium has been of greatest service in suppression of 
urine, without pain or discomfort, as usually occurs in long 
fevers, e. g., typhoid or typhus. Likewise in suppression of 
urine after miscarriage or after labor,- where the desire to pass 
urine is great, but there is no ability to accomplish it."-D. [In 
all low adynamic fevers with great insomnia.] 
"The urine dribbles away very slowly and feebly."-G. 
[Paralysis.] 
In acute diseases of children, with little or no urine secreted. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Exalted sexual desire. 
"Child constantly has hand on the genitals; onanism with 
spasms."-Hg. 
Complete impotence from onanism, often but temporary. 
Female.-"The menses are increased; the flow occurs in large 
coagula, with drawing pains in the abdomen or ileum."-D. 
"Excessive loquacity during the menstrual period; face bloated 
with blood; with tears and prayers and earnest supplications."- 
G. [Hysterical and neurotic fevers.] 
Pains are unbearable; drive the patient to despair. 
"Extreme degree of nervous erethism ; convulsions ; trembling, 
and restlessness."-P. P. Wells, M. D. [Delirium tremens.] 
"Nymphomania; lewd talking; sings obscene songs; has 
smell of semen."-Hg. [Puerperal insanity.] 
"Scanty lochia; puerperal mania, milk still copious; many 
hallucinations; talks foolishly."-Hg. [Extremely nervous.] 
"Puerperal convulsions, with copious sweating and great 
fear."-Hg. 
Respiratory Organs.-Voice high, squeaking, or hoarse and 
croaking, from paralysis of the vocal organs. 
"Convulsion of the laryngeal muscles and vocal cords, with 
shrill, fine, and high-pitched voice; has to make a great effort to 
get out a word; has no fever."-D. [Mucous membrane dry.] 
"Respiration accelerated, and very difficult."-Dr. C. G. Polk. STRAMONIUM. 
881 
Spasmodic, dry cough with excessive sense of suffocation. 
"No cough, as with Belladonna or Hyoscyamus; but respira- 
tion is difficult and constricted; generally with anxious respira- 
tion and lividity of the face. A pressing pain in the chest, which 
is provoked by talking, with difficult respiration; it is hardly 
possible to draw in the breath; asthma."-I). 
Asthma, not caused from heart disease, but neurotic, center- 
ing wholly in the lungs. Smoking the dried root or leaves, and 
inhaling the smoke into the lungs, has cured many cases ; and it 
almost always gives temporary relief. Ten grains of the root, or 
twenty of the leaves, should be used at a time. The smoking is 
most useful at the commencement of the attack, but of little 
service after fully developed, and the lungs loaded with mucus. 
"Beating of the heart so increased by motion he can not 
speak for hours; trembling twitching as in chorea; murmurs in- 
stead of regular sounds; consequent on fright."-Hg. 
Pulse rapid, full, strong, or soft and feeble, in neurotic 
diseases. 
Neck and Back.-"Remarkable sensitiveness along the spine 
in the cervical region, the slightest pressure caused the most 
violent outcries and raving."-Dr. Wittman. [Neurasthenia.] 
Drawing pains in the small of the back; rheumatoid affections. 
Limbs.-"Twitching of the hands and feet."-Dr. H. Y. Evans. 
Much trembling of the whole body, and of hands and feet; 
very restless. 
The convulsions that are produced by Stramonium are partial 
rather than general, affecting the arms rather than the lower 
extremities; affecting, also, isolated groups of muscles. It has 
been found of great use in chorea; but it must be aided with 
nutrition remedies, as Calcarea, Natrum mur., Sepia, or Sulphur, 
for a permanent cure. 
"Coxalgia, left side; violent pain when abscesses form."-Hg. 
In caries of the left hip (morbus coxarius), Dr. Jeanes has 
given it with extraordinary success, so much so that he recom- 
mended it as a specific for this destructive disease. 
Limbs paralyzed after apoplexy, or from spinal softening. 
Limbs feel numb, as if gone to sleep; hands and feet very 
cold in nervous diseases, brain highly congested. 
Skill-"The use of Stramonium as a therapeutic agent has 
been nearly exclusively confined to affections of the brain and 
nervous system. The only exception is scarlatina, in some forms 882 
STRAMONIUM. 
of which Stramonium may be more useful than Belladonna. The 
distinguishing characteristics of the two drugs, in relation to this 
malady, are well given by Dr. P. P. Wells. He lays most stress 
on presence of an extreme degree of nervous erethism, convulsions,, 
trembling, restlessness, etc., indicating Stramonium."-Hughes. 
Scarlatina, with furious delirium. 
"In scarlatina, Stramonium stands next to Belladonna. The- 
eruption is like it; the fever is less than that of Belladonna, and 
the throat affection less. At the same time, from the suppression 
of urine, Stramonium is strongly indicated."-Z). 
"Intensely red rash on the skin, resembling the rash of 
scarlatina, but having a more shining appearance."-Dr. J. 
Kemberling. 
Suppression of all the secretions and excretions. One of the 
differences between Stramonium and Belladonna, is that the 
secretions are greater in the former than in the latter. 
Measles before eruption, with convulsions and frightful visions ; 
face red and puffed, with wild delirium. 
Fever.-Coldness of the whole body, especially the limbs, 
with great nervous excitement; don't want to be covered.. 
"Violent fever; skin dry and burning hot, especially the head 
and face."-W. H. Cuthbert, M. D. [Acute erysipelas.] 
Hot, red face, with cold feet. Covers up during heat. 
"Cold sweat on the whole body."-Hughes. [Puerperal fever.] 
"Anxious heat with vomiting."-Hg. [Patient very restless.] 
Low nervous, typhoid, and typhus fevers with much erethism, 
and hallucinations of the mind; the restlessness is excessive in 
the extreme, even to convulsions. 
Puerperal fever, with great erethism and insomnia. 
Aggravation.-Morning and night; when alone; in the 
dark; from looking at glistening objects; and from the sight of or 
attempting to swallow water. 
Amelioration.-From company; light and warmth; and in 
the house. SULPHUR. 
883 
SULPHUR. 
Flow ers of Sulphur. 
An element, in Europe, Asia, America, etc.; Trituration. To prepare the Tincture, take 
one part by weight of flowers of Sulphur to ten parts by weight of absolute Alcohol. 
When well shaken let stand twenty-four hours, when the clear liquid is poured off. This 
represents the 1st centesimal. 
Antidotes.-Merc., Rhus, Sepia, Puls., Cham., Aeon., Camph., Cinch., Nux vom. 
Through the great vegetative nervous system, Sulphur acts upon 
every organ and tissue in the body, but selects more especially the nine 
following tissues: 
I. Venous S. Chronic Capillary Congest.; Exudation-, Suppur. 
II. Portal S. Chronic Congest.; Haemorrhoids; Constipation. 
III. Lymphatics. Secretions Exces. Acrid, Excoriating All Parts. 
IV. Serous M. Serous Effusions; Exudative Inflammation. 
V. Mucous M. Excessively Excoriating Mucorrhoea. 
VI. Skin. Vesicular and Pustular Inflammation; Alopecia. 
VII. Sympathetic Nervous S. Defective Assimila.; Hot Flashes. 
VIII. Blood. Fibrine Increased; Rheumatoid Affections. 
IX. Sulphur Fumes. 
Disinfectant, Deodorizing. No Animal Life 
Can Live in Sulphurous Acid Gas. 
Venous System.-Sulphur is the king of remedies, around 
which centers the whole Materia Medica. It acts especially upon 
the vegetative or ganglionic system, and through this, upon the 
venous capillary vessels throughout the body, producing capillary 
paralysis and venous engorgement of a long-lasting, chronic 
nature, with a long train of symptoms, found in about every 
disease that affects the human organism. 
Prof. Hempel says : "It is the venous capillary system which 
receives the primary shock of this mighty agent, together with 
that portion of the ganglionic system of nerves which is immedi- 
ately connected, or interwoven, with the capillary tissue. If you 
remember, that, under the depressing action of Sulphur, the 
venous capillaries become congested, the stagnant blood resisting 
the arterial current, which seeks to drive it outward, you can not 884 
SULPHUR. 
have any difficulty in understanding the various drawing, tearing, 
cramping, boring, laming, stitching, and other pains, which 
Sulphur is capable of exciting." 
When it is remembered that venous capillaries are.to be found 
in every organ and tissue in the body, and that Sulphur produces, 
through the ganglionic system, which forms plexuses, or retinae, 
around the capillary vessels, paralysis of their walls, we can 
readily understand the consequences of paralysis and stagnation 
in the venous capillaries, such as "chronic congestion, exudation, 
and suppuration of internal organs, and the various eruptions, 
vesicles, pustules, boils, ulcers, etc., with which Sulphur is in so 
eminent a degree in curative adaptation." This explains why 
Sulphur has such a vast and wide range of usefulness. 
Upon the Portal System, it has a great influence, producing 
venous engorgement, with a long train of symptoms, especially 
in the lower bowels and rectum,-as shown by the great conges- 
tion of the haemorrhoidal veins, producing piles of an immense 
size, with obstinate constipation; and it is a well-known fact 
that no remedy is more useful in chronic, obstinate haemorrhoids. 
This venous congestion is shown in the constant heat in the 
top of the head; the veins of the hands swollen and burning, 
with burning of the soles of the feet; must stretch the hands and 
feet, and restlessness throughout the body. 
Lymphatic Glandular System.-No remedy perverts and 
produces acridity of the lymphatic secretions to such a degree as 
Sulphur. This is shown by all of the discharges in every outlet 
of the body being so acrid as to excoriate the skin wherever they 
come in contact. 
The discharges from the eyes, uterus, vagina, bladder, and 
bowels, all produce excessive excoriation; and no symptom pro- 
duced by Sulphur is a more certain guide for its selection in 
disease than this power of the discharges to produce excoriation. 
Beil says: "The therapeutic bearing of Sulphur to the gland- 
ular system becomes plain from the fixed fact that it affects the 
ivhole lymphatic system as well as all secreting surfaces, and hence, 
also, the glands; and it has been employed with the best results 
in diseases that have taken root there." 
"Sulphur penetrates the entire organism, even in its finest and 
most recondite portions. It increases the activity of the vege- 
tative life generally, and of the process of secretion and absorp- 
tion in particular. It accelerates the interchange of elements 
and makes it more pervading; in a word, it fulfills all the de- SULPHUR. 
885 
mands upon which the removal of an abnormal product is con- 
ditional. Upon these grounds, we apply Sulphur to the removal 
of pneumonic infiltration, of serous exudations, and of old as well 
as recent deposits in the skin, the parenchyma, the joints, and 
the bones."-Wurnib. 
"This generalization of Dr. Wurmb gives us an explanation 
of the beneficial action of Sulphur in the second stage of 
exudative inflammation throughout the body; as in menin- 
gitis, ophthalmia, otitis, peritonitis, haemorrhoidal tumors, pleuri- 
tis, pneumonia, periostitis, ostitis, adenitis, and pericarditis."-ZU 
Sulphureous waters are highly esteemed in France and 
Germany as a test for syphilis in doubtful cases of rheumatism 
or exanthema. A short course of these waters soon reveals the 
latent syphilis upon the skin or mucous membranes. 
Mucous Membranes.-In its action upon the mucous mem- 
branes, especially those of the eyes, bronchi, small intestines, 
rectum, and genito-urinary organs, Sulphur produces increased 
mucous discharges that are excessively acrid, so that all parts 
touched by the secretion become raw and excoriated. 
Skin.-No remedy has a more powerful action upon the skin 
than Sulphur. 
Through its action upon the venous capillaries and lym- 
phatics, it causes vesicles, the eruption so much resembling the 
itch that one of the provers feared it might be this disease. It also 
causes pimples, blotches, boils, various forms of herpes, erythema, 
tinea capitis, ulceration of the nails, loss of hair, intertrigo,, 
chloasma, and various forms of ulceration. 
Sympathetic Nervous System.-Sulphur has a specific and 
powerful action upon the sympatheticus, producing defective 
assimilation; but little nourishment is obtained from the food, 
notwithstanding the appetite is pretty good. 
The solid constituents of the blood are diminished. The 
metamorphosis of the blood cells in the liver, according to 
Dr. Boecker, is considerably increased, and there is increased 
biliary secretion; in fact, all of the secretions and excretions are 
increased by large doses of Sulphur. Its action is still further 
shown by the frequent hot facial flushes followed by perspiration 
and a faint feeling; vertex-heat and cold feet alternating with hot 
soles; hunger at 11 a. m., or a faint, empty feeling in the 
epigastrium; constipation, or sudden and urgent diarrhoea in the 
early morning; great debility which can not be accounted for 886 
SULPHUR. 
by the amount of gastric and bilious derangement. The nervous 
prostration is a complete picture of neurasthenia. 
Prof. E. A. Farrington, speaking of the action of Sulphur on 
the circulation, says: "It may be assumed as a general charac- 
teristic that Sulphur causes congestions to all parts, scarcely ever 
being of use unless the vascular system is deranged (see head- 
ache), eyes (congestion in a warm room, hot weather), ears (ex- 
ternal ears red, etc.), face (red blotches, etc.), nose (red, whether 
or not caused by Alcohol; nose-bleed), chest (asthma, haemoptysis, 
pleurisy with congestion to the lungs, pneumonia, palpitation to- 
ward evening from rush of blood), abdomen (plethora, portal full- 
ness, haemorrhoids, hemorrhages from the bowels, etc.), genitals 
(exciting to onanism; emissions, sweat of the parts, congestion to 
the uterus, etc.), limbs (congestion, varices). Fever: Before 
chill thirst; during chill, pale, cold face; or heat of the face, 
delirium; chill from 5 to 8 p. m., or in the forenoon; begins 
in the feet, or runs up the back; chill in bed. Intense heat 
at night, without thirst, frequent flushes of heat; cold feet, 
hot vertex; not worse from uncovering. Worse with and after 
sweats. Sweat sour, empyreumatic, with itching; on the hands ; 
one side; or only on the body. Night sweats only on the occi- 
put and neck; worse a. m., after awaking. Intermittent type of 
fever, or a remitting type, with continued dry heat, harsh skin, no 
sweat; or no reaction, stupid, slow in answering questions; after 
suppressed itch; chronic cases." 
All chronic diseases originate, and are especially located, in the 
ganglionic or great vegetative nervous system; and this being the 
grand center for the action of Sulphur explains why this drug is 
so useful in chronic diseases. The constitutional taint (Hahne- 
mann's psora) that Sulphur is such a specific for, often manifests 
itself in many forms of cutaneous diseases. Even the rheumatic, 
gouty, scrofulous diathesis is often represented by eruptions on 
the skin, and we have no better remedy for chronic constitutional 
gout and rheumatism. 
Disinfectant and Deodorizing Properties.-In the form of 
Sulphurous acid fumes or gas, Sulphur is the most powerful of all 
known agents as a disinfectant and deodorizer. To disinfect a 
room and clothing from infectious diseases, as small pox, etc., 
first close up the chimney, and paste up all crevices of the win- 
dows and doors, to prevent the escape of gas. Now raise up all 
carpets, and hang up the clothes, so that the fumes of gas may 
have complete access to them. When this is done, set a tub in SULPHUR. 
887 
the center of the room with six inches of water in it; in the cen- 
ter of this water, place a stone that comes just above the water; 
on this stone, set an iron vessel with two pounds of Sulphur 
broken up in quite fine pieces or lumps; on this pour a few 
ounces of alcohol, to make the Sulphur burn readily; set the 
alcohol on fire, and leave the room, closing the door behind you. 
It is well to repeat this fumigation three or four times. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
General Indications.-The Sulphur patient is of a lymphatic, 
scrofulous temperament, subject to venous congestions ; the skin 
is excessively sensitive and most powerfully affected by changes 
of temperature; full blooded, nervous, hasty in temper and mo- 
tion. Scrofulous chronic diseases that have been caused by some 
eruptive disease repelled from the surface, seem to get almost 
well, when they return again and again. Dirty, filthy people full 
of ulcers. 
Lean people who walk stooped, with congestion of blood to 
single parts. Children who are much emaciated, with big bellies, 
do not like to be covered, kick off the clothes, and dread to be 
washed. 
"Standing is the worst position for Sulphur symptoms; walks 
stooping, like an old man; most symptoms on left side."-Hg. 
Head.-The most characteristic and constant symptom of 
Sulphur is constant heat on the top of the head, palms of the 
hands, and soles of the feet; constantly putting the feet out of 
the bed to get them cool. 
The patient is happy, has happy dreams, and everything looks 
beautiful. 
"Irritable, cross mood; nothing seems right; very ill-humored, 
fretful, lachrymose; fault-finding, morning and evening."-Hah. 
"Quarrelsome and vexatious mood about everything; vexed at 
everything and everybody."-Hah. [In rheumatic, gouty subjects.] 
"Great anxiety, in the evening after lying down, so that she 
can not sleep, with heat of head, cold feet."-Hah. [Climacteric.] 
" She takes pleasure in nothing; sad, discouraged, and weary 
of life."-Hah. 
"Great distraction of mind, can not fix his mind upon any- 
thing; very forgetful; seems stupid, avoids conversation."-Hah. 
Despondent, out of humor; weeps much; talks much in sleep, 
awakens with a start, often has somnambulism. 888 
SULPHUR. 
"Irresistible drowsiness in the day-time, and wakefulness the 
whole night."-Hg. [From chronic venous congestion of brain.] 
"Short naps of sleep all night, or a dead, heavy sleep, which 
produces exhaustion; has happy dreams, wakens singing, is very 
happy."-G. 
Anxious about the salvation of his soul, with indifference to 
the welfare of others; great tendency to religious subjects. 
"Foolish happiness and pride, thinks herself in possession of 
beautiful things ; even rags seem beautiful."-Hg. 
"Child frequently awakens screaming,-a first symptom of 
acute disease."-Hg. 
"Child jumps, starts, screams, and lies awake late, kicks off 
the clothes."-Hg. 
"Vertigo, more apt to be in the morning, is often accompanied 
by nosebleed, may occur in the evening or at night in bed; pro- 
duced or aggravated by stooping, walking in the open air, and 
by looking at objects in rapid motion."-D. 
"Great confusion of the head; very giddy; feeling as if a 
band were tied tightly around the forehead."-Dr. L. Kastler. 
"Vertigo-when walking in the open air; did not dare to stoop 
or look down; obliged to steady herself to avoid falling."-Hah. 
Great fullness of head, as if filled with blood; chronic vertigo. 
"At night in bed, rush of blood to the head, with heat and con- 
fusion ; especially during the menses."-Hah. 
"Sulphur cures congestion to the head; throbbing deep in 
the brain; also heart and carotids; humming in the head; 
headache with throbbing increasing with the increase of fever."- 
Farrington. 
"The headache is often attended by nausea; the hair falls out; 
and the forehead is covered with acne."-D. 
"Pressive headache in the forehead, more violent on motion, 
with great restlessness."-Hah.-[From venous congestion.] 
"Hammering headache ; aching of the frontal bone."-Hah. 
"Headache in the vertex as from pressure on the top of the 
brain."-Hah. 
Rheumatic headache ; tearing, hammering as if the brain were 
beating against the skull; especially on motion, and in wet 
weather. 
"Throbbing headache in left occiput every night."-Dr. Gregg. 
Sick-headache once a week; pains stupefying; numbing; 
walking is very painful; worse at night, and damp, cold weather. 
Small vesicles on the top of the head filled with limpid fluid; 
itch a great deal, and form yellow or brown crusts; tinea capitis,, 
dry form, in dirty, scrofulous children. SULPHUR. 
889 
"Tinea capitis, humid eruption on top of the head, filled with 
pus; drying up into honey-like scabs."-Dr. Garay. 
"Dry, offensive, scabby, easily bleeding, burning eruption be- 
gins on the back of the head and behind the ears; pain and 
cracks; better from scratching; or humid, offensive eruption, 
with thick pus, yellow crusts, bleeding and burning."-Jfy. 
"Hair dry, falling off; scalp sore to touch, itching violently, 
in the evening, when getting warm in bed; dandruff. "-Hg. 
Eyes.-"Sulphur is very useful in many affections of the 
eyes. It acts most upon the conjunctiva, and is, of course, best 
indicated when inflammations of this membrane take place in 
unhealthy subjects. Its chief place is accordingly in strumous 
ophthalmia. But it also, says Dr. Dudgeon, possesses in acute 
catarrhal ophthalmia an efficacy almost magical, and has been 
used with more or less success in inflammation of nearly every 
texture of the visual organ."-Hughes. 
"The remedy 'par excellence' for pustular inflammation of the 
cornea and conjunctiva; and it is more frequently indicated than 
any other drug. Its sphere of action is very wide; and it is 
therefore adapted to a great variety of cases, especially if chronic, 
and occurring in scrofulous children covered with eruption, or 
when otorrhoea and diseases of the bones complicate the diffi- 
culty; also to those cases caused by suppressing an eruption 
with external applications. The character of the pains may 
vary; but they are usually sharp and sticking, as if a needle or 
splinter were sticking in the eye, or sharp, shooting pain going 
through the eye back into the head; or smarting, itching, and 
burning in the eyes; burning as from lime; biting as if salt were 
in the eye; the photophobia marked, and the lachrymation 
profuse, though in some cases it may be entirely absent. The 
secretions vary both in quantity and quality, being often acrid, 
corrosive, and sometimes tenacious. Agglutination of the lids in 
the morning. The lids are often swollen, burn and, smart as if 
bathed in some acrid fluid ; or there is an itching sensation, com- 
pelling the patient to rub them most of the time. All the symp- 
toms are, as a rule, aggravated by bathing the eyes, so that the 
child can not bear to have any water touch them, and they are 
worse in the open air. 
"The value of Sulphur in the treatment of ulcers and abscesses 
of the cornea, is hardly less than in pustular inflammation; its 
usefulness is not confined to any one species of ulcer, as it has 
cured not only the superficial, but also the deep, sloughing form, 890 
SULPHUR. 
which tends toward perforation and destruction of the whole 
cornea. In fact, it should always be thought of in ulceration or 
abscess of the cornea, with hypopyon, especially of an indolent 
form, with no photophobia nor vascularity, etc., as it has often 
produced absorption of the pus. . . . 
"Pannus resulting from various causes in strumous subjects, 
has been frequently cured. In some instances, there has been 
true pannus crassum, the whole of the cornea presenting the 
appearance of a piece of fresh raw beef, and yet vision has been 
restored by Sulphur. . . . 
"Sulphur often acts very promptly in clearing up opacities in 
the vitreous, resulting from choroideal exudations, old hem- 
orrhages, etc."-A. and N. 
Of chronic arthritic ophthalmia, Sulphur has cured many 
cases. For amaurosis and amblyopia from suppression of an 
eruption, Sulphur is the remedy. 
"Redness of the eyes during the day; violent itching in the 
evening; burning heat; shooting beneath the lids, as if filled 
with sand."-Hah. 
"Itching and burning of the lids, which are red and swollen in 
the morning."-Hah. 
"Profuse lachrymation and burning from acrid, excoriating 
tears."-Hah. 
"Pain as from dryness of eyeballs, and sensation as if they 
rubbed against the lids."-Hah. [Scrofulous, filthy people.] 
"Dimness of vision and weakness of both eyes, with innumera- 
ble confused dark spots floating before eyes."-Dr. W. Humber. 
"Sensation of a veil before the eyes, and dim vision for near 
and distant objects."-Hah. [Chronic glaucoma.] 
" Small dark spots and points before the eyes ; flickering before 
the eyes."-Hah. 
"Dimness of vision; gas or lamp lights appear to be sur- 
rounded with a halo."-Hempel. [In cataract or glaucoma.] 
"Scrofulous ophthalmia, with chronic inflammation and hy- 
pertrophy of the lids, with itching and smarting and purulent 
exudations."-Marcy and Hunt. 
Ears.-Excellent for chronic otorrhoea, with acrid discharges. 
"Deafness; roaring, itching, and dampness in ear."-Hempel. 
"Roaring in the ears, in the evening in bed, with rush of blood 
to the head."-Hah. 
Sharp, shooting, stitching pains in ears, extending to throat. 
Stitching, tearing, pressing pains in the ears from ulceration. SULPHUR. 
891 
Face.-Hot flushes in the face many times during the day. 
"Pale, suffering expression, as after a long illness, with great 
discomfort."-Hah. [Chronic ulcerations; feeling of despair.] 
"Glandular swelling on the lower jaw; lips swollen, with 
scabby ulcers."-Hah. 
"Lips burn, are very dry and cracked; scabby ulcers upon 
them."-Hah. 
Eczema of face, skin dry and cracked; corners of mouth sore. 
Mouth.-"Drawing, throbbing or boring toothache ; in the open 
air, or in the slightest draft of air; from cold water, in evening, 
at night."-Hah. [With great dryness of mouth, and thirst.] 
"Swelling of the gums, which bleed easily."-Hah. [Much 
accumulation of saliva.] 
"Tongue coated white, with red tip and borders ; burning and 
dryness of the tongue."-Hah. [Whitish or yellow coating.] 
"Mouth very dry; much thirst."-Hah. [Gastric affections.] 
"Mouth dry, insipid, and sticky in the morning."-Hah. 
Sour, clammy taste; or bitter, bilious taste, much thirst. 
"Dryness of the throat, and a constant desire to swallow saliva 
in order to moisten the affected parts."-Kafka. [Very thirsty.] 
Throat.-"Diphtheria ; large yellowish deposit all around the 
posterior wall of the pharynx."-G. [Sub-acute, acrid form.] 
Insufflation of the Flowers of Sulphur, according to Dr. 
Sultz, is the specific for malignant diphtheria, and often does good. 
"Scraping in throat, hawking and clearing the throat."-Hah. 
"Stitches in the throat on swallowing, as if inflamed."-Hah. 
"Violent stitches in the swollen parotid gland for several 
days."-Hah. 
"A hard ball seems to rise in the throat, and to close the 
pharynx, and take away the breath."-Hah. [Globus.] 
"Sensation as of a hair in the throat."-Hg. [Silicea.] 
Stomach.-"Ravenous hunger, which obliges him to eat fre- 
quently; if he does not he has headache, and is obliged to lie 
down, from extreme lassitude."-Hah. [Chronic dyspepsia.] 
"She feels very weak and faint from 11 to 12 a. m.; can not 
wait for dinner."-G. [Very characteristic at the climacteric.] 
"He is hungry; but, as soon as he only sees food, his appe- 
tite vanishes, and he feels full in the abdomen."-Hah. 
"Complete loss of appetite; nothing is relished."-Hah. 
"Sour eructations, after meals or frequently during the day." 
-Hah. 892 
SULPHUR. 
"Feeling in stomach of great fullness, with nausea and vomit- 
ing."-G. 
"Chronic vomiting is arrested by Sulphur, more surely, if given 
high, than by any other drug."-Baehr. 
"Longing for beer and for alcoholic drinks ; drinks much, eats 
little; unclean children, crave everything and watch every one 
eating; aversion to meat."-Hg. [Voracious children, that do 
not grow.] 
"Great sensitiveness of pit of stomach; fullness and water- 
brash."-Hg. 
"Milk disagrees; causes sour taste, sour eructations."-Hah. 
Feeling of great weight in stomach, with stitches in stomach. 
Abdomen.-The secretion of bile is increased, and acrid. 
"Very sore feeling in both hypochondria, which are tender to 
the touch."-Hah. 
"Pressure in region of liver; wind accumulates in the left side; 
feeling of weight in abdomen."-Hah. [Chronic indigestion.] 
"Stitches and pressive pain in the region of the liver."-77#. 
Swelling and hardness of the liver; indurated with jaundice. 
"Tension and pressure in the umbilical region, with griping 
about the navel, extending to the stomach."-Hah. 
Rumbling and gurgling in abdomen, with much distention. 
"Much flatulence; great emission of flatus, evenings, that is 
very fetid."-Hah. 
"Very offensive flatulence for many days, smelling like rotten 
eggs."-Hah. 
"Tension in the abdomen from gas, so that he could hardly 
straighten up."-Hah. 
Much griping and pain in the lower abdomen, as if the intes- 
tines were strung in knots; diarrhoea, stools green and acrid. 
"Big belly and emaciated limbs, with children who dislike to 
be washed."-Hg. 
Abdomen feels raw and sore internally, as well as externally. 
"Stitches in region of the spleen; in left side of abdomen, on 
deep breathing."-Hah. [Chronic malaria] poisoning.] 
"Great pressure downward in abdomen, toward anus."-Hah. 
"Painful swelling of the inguinal glands."-Hg. [Secondary 
syphilis.] 
Stool and Anus.-"Chronic constipation; the stools are hard, 
dark, and dry; expelled with great straining, even to such an ex- 
tent that blood is discharged; with itching and burning of the 
anus; and frequently accompanied with piles. In such a case, SULPHUR. 
893 
give Sulphur for one or two weeks, when another remedy must be 
chosen; if continued, it will spoil the case."-Hughes. [Chronic 
portal congestion.] 
Extreme constipation ; unsatisfactory and scanty stool, voided 
every two or four days; after stool, a sensation as if something 
still remained; stool hard and dry, as if burnt. 
"The first effort to stool is very painful, often compelling the 
patient to desist."-G. [Accompanied with haemorrhoids.] 
Constipation from abdominal plethora; stools hard and 
knotty, and insufficient; especially if accompanied with haemor- 
rhoids ; frequent hot flushes, with burning on the top of the head 
and soles of the feet. 
Alternate diarrhoea and constipation, from enlargement of the 
mesenteric glands in children, with acrid stools. 
"Diarrhoea in the morning, driving the patient out of bed; has 
hardly time to keep from soiling himself."-G. 
"Diarrhoea at night with colic, tenesmus, watery, white mucous 
stools ; smell sour; driving out of bed in the morning; painless ; 
fetid, watery, or involuntary; as if the bowels were too weak to 
retain their contents."-Hg. 
Thin, watery, acid stools that produce great excoriation. 
"Fetid, watery diarrhoea of scrofulous children."-Raue. 
"Stools so acrid that the child becomes excoriated."-G. 
"Chronic diarrhoea of mucous and faecal matter; itching, sore- 
ness, and discharge of acrid fluid from the anus; soreness, exco- 
riations, exudations, and itching of anus."-Raue. [Ascarides.] 
No drug has such acrid, excoriating stools as Sulphur. 
"Stools so fetid, their smell follows patient all around."-D. 
"Pulsation in anus, after stool, that continues all day."-Raue. 
Cutting pains before and after stool in the anus. 
"Chronic diarrhoea in phthisical patients, one dose high."-F. 
"Whether there be constipation or diarrhoea, the inharmonious 
muscular action, irritation, and hyperaestffesia are the same."-D. 
"Before stool, aching in the abdomen; during stool, nausea, 
headache, painful pressure in the rectum; after stool, sensation 
of soreness and weakness in the intestines; general lassitude, and 
great pressure in rectum and anus."-D. 
"Piles either blind or flowing, with discharges of dark venous 
blood, and violent bearing-down pains in the small of the back 
toward the anus."-Raue. 
"Suppression of piles, with haemorrhoidal colic, congestions, 
rigidity of the small of the back, as if bruised."-Hah. 894 
SULPHUR. 
Piles with chronic hemorrhages from the bowels, with great 
itching apd sore feeling of the anus; burning and intolerable 
itching of the anus at night, is a very prominent symptom of Sul- 
phur, the patient can not sleep from the itching. 
Moist, blind or bleeding haemorrhoids, with violent stitching 
pains in the anus and rectum, and constipation. 
"Large haemorrhoids, violent burning and sticking in anus; 
pressing in rectum during and after stool; it feels full."-Hah, 
Excellent remedy to eradicate ascarides, given high. 
"Has redness and inflammation of all the orifices, most in the 
anus."-Hg. 
Urinary Organs.-Incontinence of urine; urinates very often, 
with feeling of obstruction in the sphincters, and great pressure 
on the bladder; urine cloudy, with penetrating odor. 
Weak, slow stream of urine, from paresis of sphincter vesicae. 
"The secretion of urine is increased; evacuation frequent at 
night; the desire comes suddenly, and is imperative; if not grati- 
fied, the urine passes involuntarily."-I). [Arthritic subjects.] 
"At the end, and after the act, cutting in the urethra; also, 
burning, tearing, and biting in the urethra during the act; often 
preceded by cutting pains in the hypogastrium."-D. 
"Constant desire to urinate, with burning in the urethra, and 
scanty discharge of urine."-Hah. [Chronic urethritis.] 
"Itching at the mouth of the urethra, as at the commence- 
ment of gonorrhoea."-Hah. [Of great value in the second stage.} 
Chronic gonorrhoea, with shooting, burning pains, or without 
pain, with discharge of white or yellow acrid mucus. 
Inflammation of the urethra, and especially the prepuce, with 
acrid discharge. 
High-colored or turbid, excoriating urine ; mucoid urine. 
"Painful desire, with discharge of bloody urine, with great 
effort."-Hg. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Increased sexual desire, with stitches 
in the testicles; chronic prostatitis after gonorrhoea. 
"Coldness of the penis; weak sexual desire; impotence."-Hg. 
"Involuntary discharge of semen; burning in urethra."-Hg. 
"Testicles relaxed, hanging down; soreness and moisture of 
scrotum, or offensive sweat of genitals."-Hg. [Scrofulous.] 
Complete prostration and loss of sexual desire is a marked 
symptom of Sulphur; given high, it will be found of great value 
in impotence in either sex. I give the 1000th. SULPHUR. 
895 
"Inflammation and swelling, with deep rhagades; burning and 
redness of the prepuce, with phymosis, or paraphymosis with dis- 
charge of fetid [acrid] pus."-Hg. [Chronic ulcerations.] 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menses too early, too profuse, last 
too long, and are very excoriating; in cachectic subjects. 
"Menstrual blood, thick, black, and so acrid as to make the 
vulva and thighs sore."-G. [This is a very marked characteris- 
tic of Sulphur.] 
"Pain in the abdomen during the menses as if the intestines 
were strung up in knots by threads; has to take a sitting posture 
for relief."-G. [Before menses apt to have a dry evening cough.] 
"Menstruation is likewise delayed or suspended, with great 
restlessness at night, constipation, etc. I have often found Sul- 
phur successful where menstruation was suppressed, whether by 
cold during a previous period, or by unknown causes, and where 
Pulsatilla had been given without effect. Indeed, I think it more 
frequently indicated in amenorrhcea than Pulsatilla."-D. [De- 
bilitated subjects.] 
"Chronic haemorrhages; she seems to get almost well, when in 
occurs again and again for weeks, with weak, faint spells."-G. 
"Before the menses headache; during the menses headache; 
rush of blood to head; nosebleed; with weak, faint spells."-Hg. 
An excellent remedy at the climacteric, with frequent hot 
flushes; burning on top of head and soles of the feet, and a feeling 
of great emptiness, or hungry, gone feeling in the epigastrium. 
Sterility, with a weak feeling in the genitals; menses too early 
and too profuse, lasting too long, with great debility. 
"Offensive, corrosive, ichorous leucorrhoea; it burns like salt, 
making the vulva sore; burning in the vagina, so violently she 
can hardly sit still."-G. 
For acrid, corrosive leucorrhoea excoriating the vulva and 
thighs, no remedy equals Sulphur; a few doses will do wonders. 
"Voluptuous itching; scratching relieves, after it burning; 
sometimes little vesicles."-Hg. [Chronic eczema covered with 
vesicles.] 
"After nursing, the nipple chaps and bleeds, with much smart- 
ing and burning."-G. [The milk excoriates the child.] 
"Profuse suppuration of the mammae, with chilliness in the 
forepart of the day, and heat in the after-part."-G. 
Abscesses of the mammae; the heat of the bed is unbearable; 
and they are excessively sensitive to cold air; profuse perspira- 
tion ; hot flushes, and great goneness in the epigastrium. 896 
SULPHUR. 
Respiratory Organs.-"Sneezing and violeint coryza, alter- 
nately fluent and dry; the dryness predominating, with a trouble- 
some obstruction of the nostrils, relieved terinporarily by the 
occasional discharge of masses of thick mucus."--D. 
"Rawness in the fauces, with hoarseness and aphonia, much 
mucus in the bronchi, with cough. In general, it .is dry, occurs at 
night as well as by day; provoked by irritation dn the region of 
the ensiform cartilage."-D. 
Catarrhal symptoms get better, then become w orse and worse. 
"She feels suffocated; wants doors and windows open."-G. 
"Much rattling of mucus in the lungs; coagdi worse in the 
morning; suppressed, choking cough."-G. [Like Pulsatilla.] 
About all kinds of cough yield to Sulphur lout particularly 
chronic bronchial catarrh, with excessive collection of mucus or 
muco-purulent matter, with loose rattling cough, a nd easy expec- 
toration, especially in the day-time. At night the' mucus is more 
tenacious and raised with difficulty; but it becon'ies easy in the 
morning. Patient is very sensitive to cold, damp,, rainy weather, 
feels the least change. 
"Sulphur is utterly useless in phthisis; and ca ses where it has 
done good have been cases of chronic pneumonia. Sulphur is 
undoubtedly the most important remedy we have in this disease 
[chronic bronchitis], because it corresponds to worst and most 
inveterate cases. Brilliant results are obtained ir cases of chronic 
catarrh of long standing, if the mucus is secrete d in large quan- 
tities, or is very tenacious, and the symptoms point to a decided 
thickening of the mucous membrane. An eminent indication for 
Sulphur is the excessive sensitiveness of the skin, so that every 
trifling change of temperature causes an exacerbation, and that, 
even if the patient remains in his room, he is still powerfully 
affected by changes in the weather. Only this hyperaesthesia 
must not be caused by pulmonary tuberculosis ; the tubercles 
at least must not be in a state of suppuration. The higher poten- 
cies act better than the lower."-Baehr. 
"If the pneumonia be not complicated with other diseases, 
then generally there comes a period when the fel rile storm sub- 
sides, the pains, the dyspnoea, etc., cease. In sh<:»rt, the patient 
feels himself greatly relieved so soon as the infiltration has 
become complete. At this period, art can have no other prob- 
lem than to support nature, while she, for the sake of remov- 
ing the exudation, increases the activity of the processes of 
absorption; or, on the other hand, to oppose nature, in case she 
shows a disposition to get rid of the pneumonic infiltration by SULPHUR. 
897 
a purulent degeneration. Now, in our view, no remedy yet proved 
corresponds so well to these indications as Sulphur; none com- 
pares with it in point of certainty and celerity of action."-Dr. 
Wurmb. 
"Tuberculosis of the lungs; especially indicated as a preventive 
when there are congestions to head and chest; dry, teasing night 
cough; breath hot; pain like a rivet through the upper third 
of the left lung to the scapula ; sweats ; flashes of heat; burning 
of the feet; desire to uncover."-Farrington. 
"Dry cough always caused by rawness in the larynx; dry 
cough a long time in the evening in bed, before falling asleep, and 
worse than during the day. "-Hah. 
"In pleurisy it is given (after Aconite) in the acute, plastic 
form, where it rapidly disperses the effusion."-Hughes. 
In the acute, plastic form of pleurisy, the tincture of Sulphur 
has acted in my hands with great celerity; especially if there is a 
feeling of great weakness in the chest in the evening, or feeling as 
of a lump of ice in the right chest. In cachectic, stooped people. 
"Does not walk erect; stoops or bends over forward in walking 
or sitting; morning sweat after walking."-Hg. 
"Dr. Russell considers Sulphur a most important remedy for 
asthma; and points out the frequent alternation of paroxysms of 
this disease with fits of gout and attacks of lepra and psoriasis. 
I know, indeed, of no remedy so frequently beneficial in chronic 
asthma. "-Hughes. 
"Asthma arising from suppressed eruptions, especially itch; 
or from suppression of chronic discharges ; periodical, spasmodic, 
stinging in the back; congestion to the chest; comes on in sleep, 
when turning over in bed, or in the evening."-Farrington. 
"Like the congestions and orgasms of the blood in the head, 
are the corresponding affections of the chest. They occur at 
night, and are aggravated by motion, and accompanied by heat 
and burning in the chest; the chest is sore externally, with lassi- 
tude and great heaviness of the chest."-D. 
"Weakness of the chest when talking; pressure and oppres- 
sion of the chest; stitches in the chest reaching to the back, espe- 
cially when breathing."-Hah. [Chronic bronchitis.] 
"Spasmodic whooping-cough, two paroxysms in quick succes- 
sion, with tickling in the larynx, as if caused by down, evening 
and night; expectoration of dark blood, or of yellow-greenish, 
purulent, white, watery mucus ; sour or putrid saltish taste."-Hg. 
"Stitches in left chest, when breathing, lasting for days."-Hah. 898 
SULPHUR. 
"Sulphur is an admirable remedy when a cough becomes: 
chronic, mucous rales through the chest; the patient loses flesh 
and appetite ; sweats at night, and fears phthisis. Expectoration 
may be purulent or even bloody. Sulphur 2 c, three or four times, 
a day for a week, will generally restore health."-Farrington. 
"Sulphur allows a far more extensive application in chronic 
lung disease ; less, perhaps, by its specific relations to cough than 
by its vaso-motor effect, and by its power of causing a reaction in 
the metamorphosis. It acts favorably where the course of the 
disease is slow, without coming to any decision in acute cases, as 
in catarrh or inflammation (Sulphur effectually develops hepati- 
zations), as well as in chronic diseases of the respiratory organs 
and of the heart. Sulphur shows in the provings all sorts of 
coughs and different expectorations; but the constitution of the 
patient, and the adjectiva of the disease give us hints for its 
selection. Wherever a dyscrasia is on hand, the physician re- 
members Sulphur."-Dr. Hirschel. 
Heart.-"Rush of blood to the heart, with anxious palpitation, 
especially at night."-Hah. [At the climacteric.] 
"Palpitation of the heart, worse when going up stairs."-Hg. 
"Short stitches in praecordial region, with palpitation."-Hah. 
Palpitation of the heart, with rapid pulse; burning in hands 
and feet. 
"Sensation as if heart were enlarged."-Hg. [Rheumatism.] 
Chronic rheumatic affections of the heart; of great value. 
Neck and Back.-"Hot flushes, with spells of faintness, or 
passing off with little moisture, and fainting with debility."-G. 
[In women at the climacteric.] 
"Cracking in the cervical vertebrae, especially on bending back- 
ward ; stiffness in the neck or back."-Hg. [Lumbago.] 
"Violent pain in the back, for several nights, with bruised sen- 
sation in the small of the back, on account of which she could not 
sleep, with great orgasm of blood."-Hah. 
Rheumatic, gouty affections of the spine, with stiffness of the 
neck and spine; cracking of the spine on motion. 
"Violent bruised sensation in the small of the back; stitches 
in the small of the back, worse on stooping."-Hah. 
Spinal curvature, vertebrae softened; in scrofulous children. 
Limbs.-Heat in the soles of the feet, or cold feet with burn- 
ing soles; wishes to find a cool place for them; puts them out of 
bed to cool them off constantly. SULPHUR. 
899 
"Cramps in the calves and soles; particularly at night; 
standing is the most disagreeable position."-##. 
"On going to sleep, one leg is suddenly drawn up and shot out 
again, particularly when rousing him."-Raue. 
"Unsteady gait; tremor of the hands."-Hg. [Rheumatism.] 
"Arthritic swellings of joints, with cracking on motion."-Hg. 
Children kick off clothes to cool their feet; marked symptom. 
Sulphurous acid vapor baths administered with the head pro- 
tected, will cure gout and rheumatism when everything else fails. 
Elbows and knees more affected by Sulphur; worse when sit- 
ting and at night. 
Dropsy of the knee-joints ; sub-acute and chronic synovitis. 
"Drawing pains in the limbs in the evening."-Hah. 
Pains in limbs are greatly aggravated by heat and at night. 
"Sulphur has the highest reputation in rheumatism,-alike in 
the domestic practice which carries it in the pocket, in its local 
application in the old school to muscular rheumatism and sciat- 
ica, and in the internal use of Homoeopathic therapeutics. ' I al- 
most always,'writes Dr. Russell, 'commence the treatment of 
chronic rheumatism by Sulphur in some form; and sometimes I 
find it necessary to persevere with this one remedy for months. 
Dr. Bayes has found it very beneficial in chronic lumbago and 
sciatica in patients of venous constitutions."-Hughes. 
"In the second stage of articular rheumatism, where deposits 
are to be removed, and where the feet in particular are affected 
and very stiff, it is of great service."-D. 
"The limbs go to sleep easily, sensation of lassitude, weari- 
ness, and soreness in the limbs, and bone-pains as if the flesh 
were off the bones."-D. [Chronic venereal rheumatism.] 
"Rheumatic pain in left shoulder; pains in arm."-Hah. 
"Great burning in the hands; tearing, stitching pains in the 
fingers."-Hah. 
"Rhagades on the hands, especially between the fingers, on the 
finger-joints and in the palms."-Hg. [Chronic eczema.] 
Hangnails and chilblains on the fingers ; fingers feel dead. 
Cold hands and feet, but not as often as hot hands and feet. 
Has cured epilepsy with much formication of the skin. 
Skin.-In itch, Sulphur is the specific. The eruption is vesic- 
ular or pustular; much worse at night; warmth of bed greatly 
aggravates the itching. It should be used internally, and the 
ointment locally. The patient should first take a warm bath 
thoroughly saturated with common soap. In bad cases, soft soap 900 
SULPHUR. 
will have to be used to remove the superficial and dead cuticle, 
so as to lay bare the acarus scabiei to the destructive action of the 
Sulphur ointment. After wiping the skin dry, an ointment com- 
posed of three parts of Sulphur, eight of lard, and, in inveterate 
cases, one of Carbonate of Potash, should be well applied to the 
diseased portions of the skin, and well dried in by the fire, just at 
bed-time. Wash oft on the following morning, and re-apply the 
same for the two following nights. At the same time, Sulphur 
should be given internally. 
Dr. Ringer says: "The quickest way of curing itch is to im- 
merse the patient, leaving his head free, in a gaseous bath of 
Sulphurous acid, made by burning twelve drachms of Sulphur in a 
suitable apparatus. While in the bath, the patient's clothes 
should be baked, so that in half an hour he is cured of his itch, 
and is made free from risk of re-infection." 
For scrofulous people who are frequently troubled with boils, 
nettle-rash, and all kinds of skin diseases, where every little 
scratch has a tendency to fester, Sulphur is the remedy. 
Excessive sensitiveness of skin; patient powerfully affected 
by changes of temperature, which aggravate all his symptoms. 
" Skin of the hands hard and dry; repeated burning in various 
parts of the body; after scratching, it hurts as if sore; the spots 
feel hot after scratching; burning in skin of whole body."-Hah. 
"Burning in the hands and feet, with weakness of the whole 
body."-Hah. 
"Formication and stitch-like prickling in the skin of the whole 
body, in the evening, after getting warm in bed."-Hah. 
"Most violent itching over the whole body, especially in the 
arms and legs, produced by the heat of the bed."-Hah. 
"The itching is increased by scratching, between the fingers, 
on the palms of the hands; obliged to rub them, which causes 
great burning."-Hah. [Especially by heat and at night.] 
Sulphur cures vesicular, papular, and pustular eruptions, as 
in eczema, tinea, impetigo, and varicose ulcers that bleed easily. 
"Varicose ulcers, which bleed easily, secrete a fetid pus, and 
burn and itch much."-G. [Of long duration.] 
"Soreness in the folds of the skin, and all the outlets of the 
body. Rhagades after washing; hangnails."-Lippe. 
Child detests water, and can not bear to be washed. 
Dry, flabby skin, glandular swellings, indurated or suppurating. 
Fever.-The chills and fever are mixed, but the cold pre- 
dominates. An excellent remedy in chronic cases of ague; 
spleen enlarged; take all the constitutional symptoms. SULPHUR. 
901 
"Dry, husky, scaly skin, no sweat from the beginning; pulse 
frequent; skin, especially of the feet, very hot; no change from 
day to day in cases of continued fever. In all such cases, Sul- 
phur high, in water every two hours, until sweat, which occurs 
always in about twelve hours, and is followed by convalescence." 
-Dr. D. R. Gardiner. 
"Chill and fever; no reaction; stupid, sinking."-Hg. 
"Chilliness constantly creeps from the small of the back up 
the back, without much subsequent heat or thirst."-Hah. 
"Great orgasm of blood, and violent burning in the hands. 
Frequent hot Hushes of heat, and sinking sensation in stomach." 
-Hah. 
Of great value in the hot flushes at the climacteric, with hot 
head, hands, and feet, and a great goneness in the stomach. 
"Profuse night sweats, and restless sleep."-Dr. A. Seydl. 
"Very disgusting sweat in the axillse."-Hah. 
Profuse sour-smelling night sweats; or perspires from the 
least exertion. 
Sub-acute and chronic rheumatism, with profuse sweating. 
"During the action of Sulphur, all excretory organs are 
brought into increased activity, discharging carbon and nitrogen 
from the body."-Dr. H. N. Martin. 
When carefully selected remedies have failed to produce a fa- 
vorable effect, especially in acute diseases, one dose of Sulphur 
high will frequently serve to rouse the reactive power of the sys- 
tem, so that the true remedy will have the desired effect. Sul- 
phur gives satisfaction from the crude drug up to the one thou- 
sandth potency; but the first six potencies are the most useful. 
In sub-acute and chronic hydrocephalus, in scrofulous chil- 
dren, where effusion has not progressed too far, Sulphur 200th to 
the 1000th will do more than any known drug. I have cured 
several cases with the 1000th, after severe spasms had made their 
appearance, and believe it will often cure this fatal disease. 
In malignant sore throat and diphtheria, slight fumigation or 
the spray has proved of signal service. In rheumatism and gout 
Sulphurous acid fumes, the mouth being protected with a wet 
cloth, will relieve when nothing else will. 
Aggravation.-From warmth of bed; at night, during rest; 
from standing; from washing or bathing, or wet poultices; in the 
open, damp air; changeable weather; from exertion. 
Amelioration.-By warm, dry weather; drawing the limbs 
up ; by heat; during the day. TABACUM. 
902 
TABACUM. 
Tobacco. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the dried leaves of Havana Tobacco. Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Nux vom., Strych., Ipec., Are., Cham., Ign., Puls., Camph., Stimulants. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Tobacco has eleven special cen- 
ters of action: 
I. Mucous Mems. (Stom., S. Intestines.) Copious Secretions. 
II. Stomach. Poicerful Emetic; Gastritis; Gastrodynia. 
III. Intestines (Small). Violent Tetanic Contractions; Catharsis. 
IV. Circulation. Greatly Lowered; Vaso-Motor Paralysis. 
V. Heart. Intermittent; Inhibit'y Peripheral Filaments Paral. 
VI. Cerebro-S. System. Convulsions fromJApinal Excitement. 
VI[. Cord (Anterior). Complete Paralysis of Motor Nerves. 
VIII. Eyes. Myosis; Amaurosis; Atrophy of the Retina. 
IX. Sexual 0. Venereal Appetite Destroyed; Menses Delayed. 
X. Lungs. Respiration Lessened; Laryngismus. 
XI. Skin. Gray. (Sudoriferous Glands.) Copious Perspiration. 
Digestive Organs.-Tobacco, and especially its active princi- 
ple, Nicotine, lias a powerful action upon the digestive organs; 
even minute doses cause abundant salivation; burning sensation 
in the tongue and fauces; often the oesophagus felt as if it had 
been scraped with an iron instrument. Through the vagi, it acts 
as a most powerful emetic. "The emetic effect of Tobacco is 
doubtless the product of three factors: its cerebral action, its 
local irritation of the gastric mucous membrane, and its specific 
emetic property. The secretions of the intestinal mucous mem- 
brane are increased, and the muscular layer is thrown into tetanic 
contraction, whence the catharsis which follows its administra- 
tion."-Bartholow. 
"Nasse found, in his experiments, that injections of Nicotia 
into the jugular vein produced a tetanic contraction of all the in- 
testines, which was not affected by section of the vagi or by com- 
pression of the abdominal aorta; even the splanchnics were un- TABACUM. 
903 
able to exercise their inhibitory influence, either because they 
were paralyzed, or because the spasm was too intense for them." 
-Wood. 
"The organs composed of unstriped muscle are also affected 
by Nicotine; for 0. Nasse has shown that the whole intestinal 
canal, but especially the small intestine, and also the uterus, 
may be thrown into violent contractions by Nicotine, and that 
these contractions may amount to actual tetanus, with extreme 
narrowing of the lumen of the intestine. This tetanus of the in- 
testine is due to a peripheral irritation of the intestine itself, most 
probably of the ganglia in its walls ; for, when Nasse excluded the 
influence of the vagus, the convulsions still occurred; but, when 
he arrested the circulation, the convulsions ceased; he then in- 
jected a fluid charged with Nicotine into the peripheral end of an 
intestinal artery, and observed convulsions to occur in the part of 
the intestine thus treated."-Ziemssen. 
Tobacco sometimes produces most violent hypercatharsis ; and 
in some cases it has produced bloody stools, and paralysis of the 
sphincter ani and vesicse. The mucous membrane of the stomach 
is marked with patches of ecchymosis and erosion; and blood- 
stained mucus is found in the intestine, which is in a state of 
strong contraction after death. The liver, spleen, and kidneys 
are generally hyperaemic. Nicotia is probably in a great measure 
eliminated by the kidneys. "Very free urinary discharge, at all 
events, is produced by Tobacco; and, reasoning by analogy, it 
may be supposed that this effect is due to the direct action of the 
Nicotia on the Malpighian tufts and on the tubules of the kidneys." 
-Bartholow. 
Circulation.-"When Nicotia is added to freshly drawn blood, 
the latter assumes a peculiar dark hue, and the microscope shows 
that the red corpuscles rapidly disintegrate. In Nicotia-poison- 
ing, the blood is, however, not perceptibly affected. 
"The action of the drug upon the heart is very complicated, 
and has not yet been well determined. Upon the cardiac muscle 
itself, the poison appears to have but very little influence. After 
death from it, the heart is found pulsating; and Dr. W. T. Ben- 
ham found, that even the pure Alkaloid, painted over the cut-out 
heart of a rabbit or injected into its cavities, did not arrest its 
movements ; indeed, on the contrary, the heart, which had ceased 
action, was stimulated to renewed effort by the application of the 
drug. Traube found, that, when a minute quantity of Nicotia is 
injected into the jugular vein of a Curarized animal, artificial res- 904 
TABACUM. 
piration being maintained, the pulse and arterial pressure at once 
sink to half their original position, but, in about twenty seconds, 
rise rapidly, the arterial pressure attaining a maximum of about 
two and a half times its normal grade, the pulse also exceeding 
its original rate. This period of increased tension lasts about a 
minute, after which the arterial pressure commences to fall, as 
does later the pulse-rate also; and finally both sink much below 
their normal position. After many minutes the pulse generally 
increases in frequency, often to beyond its original position. If 
during the second stage the pneumogastrics be cut, the pulse in- 
stantly becomes very rapid. It would appear probable that the 
first lowering of the pulse is due to an action on the inhibitory 
nerve, as is believed to be the case by Rosenthal; but it appears 
to me that other investigations are required before this can be con- 
sidered established. Traube, indeed, states, that, if the pneumo- 
gastrics are cut during the second stage, the pulse at once becomes 
very rapid; but he also affirms that previous division of the par 
vagum does not prevent the slowing of the pulse. In the experi- 
ments of Tugenhold upon frogs, the primary slowing of the heart 
amounted at first to a diastolic arrest, which was not prevented 
by previous division of the par vagum, but did not occur when 
very large doses of Woorara were given. Rosenthal argues from 
this that Nicotia stimulates the extreme peripheral inhibitory ap- 
paratus of the heart; the reason that the Curare prevents the pri- 
mary retardation of the pulse being the paralysis of the inhibitory 
peripheral filaments which it is believed to cause. It is clear, 
however, that the results obtained by Rosenthal are difficult to- 
reconcile with the effects of section of the par vagum already 
quoted by Traube. The method in which Nicotia primarily lessens 
the pulse-rate, must therefore be considered as still unsettled. 
The later increase of the pulse-rate appears to be due to paralysis 
of the peripheral inhibitory apparatus; since Rosenthal found, 
that, in this stage of the poisoning, the strongest galvanic cur- 
rents applied to the pneumogastrics failed to influence the cardiac 
pulsations. The causes of the rise and fall of the arterial blood 
pressure .have not been determined; but they are probably con- 
nected with the at present undetermined vaso-motor action of the 
drug. Rosenthal believes that the dilated vessels which various 
observers have noted in the ear of the poisoned rabbit prove that 
the Alkaloid finally paralyzes the vaso-motor system."-Wood. 
Constant smokers often have functional disturbances of car- 
diac action, with palpitations and intermittent slow pulse that 
give rise to much suffering. TABACUM. 
905 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-"Upon the cerebrum, Nieotia prob- 
ably exerts very little direct influence. The convulsions are cer- 
tainly of spinal or peripheral origin; since they occur, according 
to the experiments of Krocker, in frogs whose cerebrum has been 
extirpated. That they are not peripheral, is proven by the exper- 
iments of Vulpian, who found that cutting off all the arterial 
communication between the hind legs of the frog and its trunk 
did not affect the development of the convulsions, when the 
animal was poisoned with Nicotia. This has been confirmed by 
Krocker, who also found, that, if the nerve-trunk of a limb be di- 
vided, the convulsions cease in that limb. The convulsions are, 
therefore, spinal, and the first stage of Nicotia-poisoning is one of 
spinal excitement. The question here naturally arises, Is the 
paralysis of the second stage due to spinal depression ? There is 
not yet sufficient evidence to warrant a positive decision as to 
how far the cord is involved in the paresis; but Krocker is prob- 
ably correct in believing that it is at least to some degree affected ; 
since he found that tying the arteries of a limb so as to preclude 
the poison from reaching the nerves did not prevent the limb 
from lying limp and powerless during the paralytic stage. The 
action of the poison upon the peripheral nerves has been definitely 
settled by the experiments of Vulpian, Rosenthal, and Krocker, 
all of whom have found that the functional activity of the motor 
or efferent nerves is more or less completely abolished by the 
poison. By tying the artery low down in one leg of a frog, so as 
to protect the peripheral endings, applying the galvanic currents 
some distance above this point, and comparing the results with 
those obtained by galvanizing unprotected nerves, Krocker deter- 
mined that the peripheral endings were paralyzed sooner than 
the nerve-trunks, although the trunks themselves were finally 
paralyzed. The peripheral nerve endings appear to be at first 
excited, as Vulpian and Krocker have found that muscular tremb- 
lings are not prevented by the se'ction of the supplying nerve, and 
that they even occur in the Curarized frog. These fibrillary con- 
tractions also occurred when the Alkaloid was injected into a leg 
whose connections with the trunk had been cut off by a tight 
general ligature. According to Vulpian and Rosenthal, the sen- 
sory or afferent nerves retain their activity to the last. Upon the 
voluntary muscles, all observers are in accord in asserting that 
Nicotia. exerts no influence."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Eye.-Tobacco produces marked contraction of the pupil. "If, 
as is asserted by Krocker, the Alkaloid contracts the pupils of 906 
TABACUM. 
cut-out eyes, it is evident that the action is a local one. Hirsch- 
man has found that galvanization of the divided cervical sympa- 
thetic fails to cause dilatation of the pupil. Krocker, in later 
experiments, has confirmed this in regard to large doses of the 
drug, but has found that myosis occurs long before the sym- 
pathetic is able to dilate the pupil. This fact renders it prob- 
able that the Alkaloid paralyzes the peripheral endings of the 
sympathetic; but it is barely possible that it induces a spasm 
of the fibers supplied by the oculo-motor so powerful that the 
sympathetic is unable to overcome it. Be this as it may, it is 
very probable that the sympathetic paralysis, if it exists, is asso- 
ciated with oculo-motor spasm; but at present we have not suffi- 
cient evidence to warrant any definite conclusion."-JKood. 
In many cases of chronic Tobacco-poisoning, amaurosis from 
atrophy of the retina has been produced. Hutchinson has proved 
statistically, that, out of thirty-seven cases of amaurosis resulting 
from white atrophy of the optic nerve, thirty-one occurred in im- 
moderate smokers. And Sichel declares that there are few per- 
sons who have smoked during a long period more than five 
drachms of Tobacco per diem, without having their vision, and 
frequently their memory, enfeebled. 
Sexual Organs.-The excessive use of Tobacco greatly lessens 
the venereal appetite. Dr. Wright "found, that from two to five 
grains of the essential oil of Tobacco, given to dogs two or three 
times a day, induced gradual and complete marasmus ; a peculiar 
dragging action of the hind legs, and loss of venereal power; 
softening and shriveling of the testicles, shedding of the hair, and 
before death, sloughing of the eyelids and blindness."-Stille. 
The menstrual function is delayed and increased, showing that 
the ovaries are also affected by Tobacco. 
Lungs.-Through the pneumogastrics Nicotia acts powerfully 
upon the respiratory organs. "It uniformly renders the respira- 
tion slower, after having in some instances increased its frequency. 
But the larger the dose, the more speedily does the former effect 
ensue. The breathing has generally a very characteristic pecul- 
iarity which consists in a hissing sound, and which is probably 
owing to a spasmodic contraction of the larynx and air-tubes. 
. . . According to Dr. Ruef, chronic pulmonary affections are 
infrequent among Tobacco-workers; and he even affirms that 
some among them who enter the factory with emaciation, haemop- 
tysis, and cough, have there got rid of their pulmonic symptoms ; 
and consumption is unusual among them."-Stille. TABACUM. 
907 
In nervous asthma, if the smoke be swallowed or drawn into 
the lungs, the attack will often be arrested. Tobacco has proved 
of signal service in spasm of the glottis, asphyxia, and spasmodic 
croup. 
Skin.-Through its action upon the peripheral nerve endings 
supplied to the skin, the sudoriferous glands pour out copious 
perspiration. This copious perspiration causes lowering of the 
superficial temperature and probably depends upon and is in 
consequence of vaso-motor paralysis. It produces a dull, grayish 
tinge of the skin, like that of anaemia. 
Smoking.-Nicotine-poisoning chiefly arises from smoking 
Tobacco, the smoke containing the Nicotine. A great deal of 
it accumulates in the lower parts of pipes; and the remains of 
cigars are decidedly much more impregnated with Nicotine than 
the parts first smoked. Large quantities accumulate on the sides 
of the mouth-pieces of tobacco-pipes and in the ends of cigars. 
Tobacco-juice from pipes has been used to produce abortion; and 
it destroyed both mother and child. Nicotine is one of the most 
potent of poisons; and its fatal effects are produced in less time 
than those of any other poison, except Prussic acid. It will pro- 
duce death in thirty seconds; but usually it takes from three to 
five minutes. Dr. W. A. Hammond has made the influence of 
smoking upon the system the subject of accurate investigation, 
and obtained the following results: "It does not affect the secre- 
tion of carbonic acid through the lungs; it lessens the amount of 
aqueous vapor given off in respiration; diminishes the amount of 
faeces, lessens the quantity of urine, and the amount of urea and 
chlorine; increases the amount of free acid, uric acid, phosphoric 
and sulphuric acids, eliminated through the kidneys. Hence, it 
would seem to be probable that Tobacco does not lessen the con- 
sumption of fat, but that it does retard the metamorphosis of the 
nitrogenous tissues. The increase of Phosphorus and Sulphur 
in the urine is probably derived from the nervous system, which 
Tobacco so sensibly affects. Some of the morbid effects of smok- 
ing Tobacco, when carried to excess, have been well depicted by 
Dr. Laycock. He describes an inflammatory, but what is prob- 
ably rather a congested, state of the mouth and fauces, in which 
sometimes the buccal epithelium exfoliates. If the throat be ex- 
amined, it will appear slightly swollen, with congested veins 
meandering over the surface, and here and there a streak of mu- 
cus. The posterior nares are probably in the same condition, 
and the irritation is transmitted to the eye. Undoubtedly this TABACUM. 
908 
organ is frequently injected and watery in smokers, and often 
presents a spasmodic twitching of the orbicularis muscle. Mr. 
Lizars enumerates ulceration of the lips, tongue, gums, mucous 
membrane of the mouth, tonsils, velum, and pharynx, among the 
effects of this habit. Dyspepsia is occasionally met with as a 
consequence of excessive smoking, yet rarely in the aggravated 
form so common among chewers of the weed. Loss of appetite, 
constipation, haemorrhoids, acne, and gum-boils are ascribed to 
the same cause. It is more apt even than 'chewing' to render 
the voice hoarse, deep-toned, or smothered, and to prevent clear 
articulation, by causing an excessive secretion of mucus in the 
fauces. Smoking Tobacco also weakens the nervous system, in- 
ducing palpitation of the heart, tremulousness of the limbs, neural- 
gia, and morbid susceptibility, with diminished tone and power. 
These symptoms occasionally assume the aggravated form of 
angina pectoris. When too much indulged in, or when the nerv- 
ous system is rendered impressionable by ill-health, losses of 
blood, or any other fluid, or by over-excitement, smoking aggra- 
vates the already existing symptoms, and may induce hypochon- 
driasis. One of its most usual effects is to produce an irregular 
and intermittent pulse. Mr. Lizars and others allege that it de- 
stroys the virile powers and sexual desire. Smoking cigars is 
vastly more injurious than smoking a pipe, because the prepara- 
tion of Tobacco for the latter purpose destroys as much as two- 
thirds of its Nicotia, while the former loses but little of its active 
principle in the manufacture. But the fact is overlooked, in this 
estimate, that the Tobacco prepared for smoking in pipes origi- 
nally contains a much larger proportion of Nicotia than that of 
which the best cigars are made."-Stille. 
Tobacco Chewing.-Moderate chewing of Tobacco is not so 
mischievous as smoking, however repugnant it may be to persons 
of refinement and delicacy. "It is confidently believed by many 
to promote digestion ; and they find that a small piece taken after 
meals protects them from the unpleasant sensations in the stom- 
ach which, without this aid, they are apt to suffer. Very possibly 
the saliva, which is secreted more abundantly under this stimu- 
lus, may account for the alleged salutary effect. But, if so large 
a portion of the weed is taken as to induce frequent and excessive 
spitting, the very reverse effect must ensue; the stomach is 
robbed of its natural excitant and a chief agent in digestion, the 
whole body is enfeebled by the waste of its fluids, and the nervous 
system sinks into debility under the constantly renewed alterna- TABACUM. 
909 
tion of stimulus and depression. And, if the saliva is swallowed 
instead of being rejected, whatever is gained in cleanliness is lost 
in health; for the stomach and entire system can not long with- 
stand the impression of such doses of virulent poison. In gen- 
eral, the excessive use of Tobacco becomes mischievous both by 
the waste it causes of a precious animal fluid and by its direct 
influence upon the nervous and digestive apparatus. In both re- 
spects, chewing Tobacco is infinitely the most hurtful mode of 
using it. 
"Dr. Shipman gives a description of nine cases. The morbid 
symptoms were manifested chiefly by the nervous and digestive 
organs. The operations of the mind were neither so vigorous 
nor so clear as in the natural state; low spirits, irresolution, hy- 
pochondria, and gloomy anticipations beset the patients at all 
times, but were least tolerable during the process of digestion; 
nightmare, with an unusual exaggeration of its horrors, deprived 
them of repose at night, and by day a fear of sudden death as- 
sailed them. The first slumber, instead of being the soundest 
and calmest of the night, was often postponed for several hours, 
and was even then unrefreshing. A singular sensation experi- 
enced by most of the patients immediately after going to bed is 
described as a 'shock' at the epigastrium, such as a rush of 
blood to the part might be supposed to produce; or, as one per- 
son described it, like a discharge of electricity. This symptom is 
regarded by Dr. S. as pathognomonic. When the stomach was 
ompty, the patient experienced an intolerable sense of sinking at 
the epigastrium. Along with these symptoms, palpitation of the 
heart, vertigo, and rushing of the blood to the head were com- 
monly observed. Nearly all the patients were emaciated and 
pale, and victims to the well-known symptoms of dyspepsia; 
acidity, cardialgia, gastrodynia, acid or watery eructations, and 
constipation. It is very remarkable that this frightful array of 
symptoms should gradually yield, and in a short time be entirely 
dispelled, after the habit of using Tobacco was abandoned. Sev- 
eral of the wan and wasted patients acquired a ruddy complexion 
and became quite stout."-Stille. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Head, Mind, and Nervous System.-Adapted to diseases of 
the nervous system, where there is prominent irritation of the 
functions of the vagi, sick-headache, that comes on early in the 
morning, and by noon is intolerable, with deathly nausea and 910 
TABACUM. 
violent vomiting, greatly aggravated by noise and light, with 
dreadful faint feeling at the stomach. 
"Excessive vertigo; can not rise up it is so great; with face 
deathly pale. Head is so heavy it can hardly be held up."-Hah. 
"Headache with severe vertigo, worse indoors, better in open 
air."-Hah. 
Excessive depression of the mind, with indigestion and fre- 
quent palpitation of the heart; an intermittent pulse, with great 
despondency. 
Face pale, collapsed, covered with cold sweat, cholera morbus. 
Eyes.-It has been found useful in asthenopia, strabismus, 
and especially in white atrophy of the retina with amaurosis. 
Digestive Organs.-"The mouth is full of white, tenacious 
mucus, which must be frequently expectorated."-Hah. [Sali- 
vation.] 
Great increase of saliva; spits much; salivation very char- 
acteristic. 
"Violent tearing pains in the facial bones and teeth."-Hah. 
"Great thirst, especially at night."-5. Swan. [Gastritis.] 
Incessant nausea and frequent vomiting of acid substances. 
"Feels exactly as if seasick; has the same vertigo, with nausea 
coming in paroxysms ; during which ' the body is covered with a 
cold sweat."-Dr. Teste. 
"During pregnancy an insupportable pruritus over the whole 
body, with pyrosis, and other gastric symptoms."-Dr. Gross. 
Great nausea and excessive and violent vomiting, with a sink- 
ing feeling in the epigastrium; from portal congestion. 
Sensation of weakness in epigastrium, is a marked symptom. 
Complete loss of appetite; and cardialgia with frequent flut- 
tering sensation in the epigastrium; or shocks in the stomach, at 
night while sleeping, so great that the patient is awakened with 
the shocks. 
"Spasmodic pressure in the hypogastrium."-77r/. [Cardialgia.] 
"Violent contractions in the abdominal muscles; navel re- 
tracted, with gurgling in bowels and shifting flatulence."-Hg. 
Strangulated hernia; ileus; complete marasmus; paralysis 
and sudden hypersemia of the brain, with violent nausea, vomit- 
ing and prostration; vomiting of fsecal matter. 
"Violent pain in small of the back during soft stool; with 
tenesmus and burning in the anus."-Jahr. [Dysentery.] 
"Sudden papescent, yellow, green or grayish slimy stools, 
with tenesmus."-Hg. TABACUM. 
911 
Green, slimy stools; nausea, vomiting and great prostration, 
in children. 
"Cholera; body cold, face distorted, spasms, vomiting, or no 
stool or vomiting, but complete collapse."- [All the sphinc- 
ters paralyzed.] 
Urinary Organs.-Renal colic ; violent pains along ureters; 
cold sweat; deathly nausea; increased discharge of urine; or 
scanty, high-colored urine. 
Paralysis of sphincter vesicae, and constant dribbling of urine. 
Respiratory Organs.-"Continual paroxysms of sneezing for 
weeks."-Dr. L. Gross. [Catarrhal asthma affecting nostrils.] 
Paroxysms of suffocation ; dyspnoea ; hurried, anxious respira- 
tion, and spasmodic asthma are often relieved by smoking, draw- 
ing the smoke into the lungs. Bartholow says, a snuff-plaster to 
the neck will quickly relieve laryngismus stridulus. (Practical 
hint.) 
Heart.-Functional diseases of the heart, with intermittent 
pulse, and frequent palpitation, often associated with dyspepsia, 
with a sinking, gone feeling in the stomach. 
"Palpitation in attacks at night; tight across the chest, with 
angina pectoris."-Hg. 
"Sudden prsecordial anguish, with violent beating of the heart 
and carotids."-Hg. 
Pulse intermittent, and exceedingly slow, or small and feeble. 
Great hypochondriasis, with functional heart disease. 
Skin.-Copious perspiration; icy coldness of the whole body. 
Cold, clammy sweat, in choleraic diseases; much prostration. 
"Violent itching of the whole surface."-Swan. 
Dark, walnut-looking skin, and sometimes jaundice. 
Cold, chilly feeling, with cold sweat; limbs icy cold. 
Great weakness and debility; skin dark walnut color. 
Extremities.-Spasmodic contraction of the arms, hands, 
and legs. 
Hands icy cold; body warm; cramps in the fingers while 
washing. 
Great trembling of hands and legs; can not walk; limbs icy cold. 
In General.-"Spasmodic contractions of muscles; spasms 
and general insensibility."-Hg. 
Complete prostration of the whole muscular system. 912 
TANACETUM VULGARE. 
Tetanus. Nicotine is one of our most effective remedies; and 
it has often acted as a complete antidote to Strychnia-poisoning, 
given in the 10th to the 100th dilution. In poisoning from mush- 
rooms, Tobacco is said to be a certain antidote. 
Locally, a decoction of Tobacco has long been in use for the 
destruction of parasites; but it should be used with care, or fatal 
consequences from poisoning with Nicotine may ensue. 
Aggravation.-Night; in a warm room, and motion. 
Amelioration.-In fresh, cold air. 
TANACETUM VULGARE. 
Tansy. 
Habitat: Europe, etc. Tincture of the fresh plant, Class III. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Tansy has four special centers of 
action : 
I. Cerebro-Spinal System. Delirium; Coma; Convulsions. 
II. Ovario-Uterine Organs. Abortifacient; Hemorrhages. 
III. Digestive Organs. Nausea; Vomiting; Diarrhoea. 
IV. Urinary Organs. Copious Urination. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Upon this system, Tansy acts as a 
narcotic poison, producing delirium, coma, violent tonic and clonic 
spasms and death. It has a marked action on the motor portion 
of the spinal cord, as shown by the violent spasms. The Oil acts 
as a fatal poison, producing unconsciousness, flushed cheeks, di- 
lated pupils, hurried, stertorous respiration, strong spasms, a full, 
frequent pulse, repeated convulsions, and then a failing pulse and 
death. 
Ovario-Uterine Organs.-It causes profuse menstruation, 
uterine hemorrhage, with labor-pains and abortion. 
Digestive Organs.-Small doses act as a gentle stimulant to 
the digestive organs; but in large doses it produces nausea, vom- 
iting, and diarrhoea, with copious urination. TARANTULA HISPANA. 
913 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
This remedy is often useful in suppression of the menses, dys- 
menorrhoea, menorrhagia, and scanty menstruation. Used as a tea. 
Worms in children, with spasms ; pupils widely dilated. 
The greatest use of Tansy is found in poisoning from Ivy or 
Sumach. Used externally in decoction and as a tea internally, it 
will be found an absolute specific. No known remedy can take its 
place here. 
TARANTULA IIISPANA. 
A Venomous Tropical Spider. 
Habitat: Italy, Spain, America, etc. Tincture of the living spider, Class III. Triturations. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Tarantula has four spe- 
cial centers of action: 
I. Cerebro-S. System. Chorea; Hyperesthesia. 
II. Circulation. (Heart, Arteries.) Contraction of Vessels. 
HI. Generative Organs. (Especially of Women.) Neuralgia. 
IV. Blood. (T. Cubensis.') Toxemia; Anthrax; Gangrene. 
Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.-Tarantula has a most 
striking and peculiar action upon this system, especially upon the 
spinal cord, affecting the motor portion of the cord in a way dif- 
ferent from any other known remedy, producing the most severe 
and terrible choreic manifestations that could be imagined; and it 
has often cured chorea in its worst form. Tarantula also affects 
the sentient portion of the spine, as indicated by excessive hyper- 
cesthesia and all the symptoms of excessive spinal irritation. 
Through these spinal nerves, Tarantula acts upon the heart and 
generative organs of women; but just how, is not fully known. 
Of its action on the heart, Dr. Farrington says: "Besides caus- 
ing cramps of the circular fibers of the heart, like Cactus, Iodine, 
Kali carbonicum, Lachesis, Digitalis, etc., it differs from them in 
producing contractions of the spiral fibers. Herein it stands 
almost alone. These spiral fibers end in the columnae carneae, 
and hence influence the papillary muscles, thus causing various 
murmurs. The symptoms of the aorta-distention, sensation as if 914 
TARANTULA HISPANA. 
torn or squeezed or stretched or bursting-remind one of aortitis." 
"The Tarantula Cubensis (Arana Peluda, hairy spider) belongs 
to the same family, genus, and species, as the Tarantula Hispana.. 
Although apparently alike, these spiders differ widely in their 
pathogenetic and therapeutical effects. The Tarantula Hispana, 
native of South America, and introduced into our Materia Medica 
by the well-known Dr. Nunez, of Madrid, Spain, is a nervous 
remedy, acting deeply and powerfully on the cerebro-spinal sys- 
tem ; and many cases of chorea, hysteria, etc., have been cured 
by this precious agent. 
"The TarantuZu Cubensis, on the other hand, seems to be a 
toxaemic remedy, acting directly on the blood, and is in this way 
an analogue of Crotalus, Apis, Arsenicum, etc. 
"The bite of this spider, if instantly attended to, is easily de- 
prived of malignant effects by the local application of a lotion 
made with water and the tincture of Ledum palustre. But, if the 
virus is already absorbed and carried into the circulation, it de- 
velops the following symptoms: The bite itself is painless, so 
much so that persons bitten in the night are not sensible of it until 
the next day, when they discover an inflamed pimple surrounded 
by a scarlet areola; from the pimple toward some other point in 
the body, a red, erysipelatous line is seen, marking the course fol- 
lowed by the spider over the skin after biting,-so corrosive is the 
nature of this virus. The pimple swells, gradually increasing in 
size; the erysipelatous inflamed areola spreads wider and wider ; 
chills, followed by intense burning fever, generally supervene on 
the second or third day, accompanied by great thirst, anxiety, 
restlessness, headache, delirium, copious perspiration, and reten- 
tion of urine. The pimple, in the meantime, grows larger and be- 
comes a hard, large, and exceedingly painful abscess, ending by 
mortification of the integuments over it, and having several small 
openings discharging a thick sanious matter containing pieces of 
mortified cellular tissue, fascise and tendons; the openings, by 
growing, run into each other, forming large cavities. At this 
period the fever takes the intermittent type, with evening parox- 
ysms, accompanied by diarrhoea and great prostration. 
"This does not take place in every case of the spider's bite, for 
much depends on the constitution of the patient and the treat- 
ment adopted; but still, I have known of two cases in delicate 
children where the bite proved fatal. The majority of cases 
recover after a period of from three to six weeks. I once attended 
a black man of about thirty years of age bitten by this spider; I 
was called during the second stage; he then had diarrhoea, inter- TARANTULA HISPANA. 
915 
mittent fever, and prostration; the opening left by the emptying 
of the abscess in the left gluteal region was large enough to admit 
my fist. He recovered in two weeks under Arsenicum. 
"With these facts before me, or rather, in view of these prov- 
ings, I decided to try the remedy in my practice. By introducing 
into a glass jar full of pure Alcohol one of these spiders alive, I 
prepared the mother tincture, according to Dr. Hering's method. 
As by the effects of anger the spider threw oft the poison, the 
Alcohol changed from a colorless liquid to light yellow. From 
this tincture I prepared the 6th decimal dilution, and this is the 
preparation I have used where indicated. From the cases in my 
experience, I will cite the following in proof of the never-failing 
law, Similia similibus curantur: 
"Don M. B., aet. 72, good constitution, called me to treat him 
for an abscess in the back of his neck, whose burning, excruciat- 
ing pain had completely banished sleep for six or seven nights. 
"There was fever, with great thirst and prostration. On ex- 
amination, I found it to be a regular anthrax, with all the accom- 
panying train of symptoms. Gave Tarantula Cub., one dose every 
two hours; after the second dose, the pain was greatly relieved, 
and that very night the patient was able to sleep through the 
whole night. Under the use of this remedy, the patient recovered 
without using any other, except Silicea to aid cicatrization. 
"Dona A. R., aet. 51, past the climacteric, thin, spare body, 
delicate constitution, had an anthrax in the interscapular region, 
with severe burning pain; unable to sleep from the excessive pain, 
Tarantula Cub. in a few days made a complete cure. 
"I. L., colored man, aet. 26, had a large, hard abscess in the 
right thigh, exceedingly painful and inflamed, no fever, the glands 
in the groin swollen, indurated, and painful. Gave Tarantula Cub., 
every three hours. After the second dose, the pain was completely 
relieved, and six days after the abscess and swollen glands had dis- 
appeared by resolution. 
"M. C., a little girl of nine years, was taken ill with tonsillitis. 
Besides several local applications and domestic remedies, had 
taken Merc, biniod., Bell., Aeon, and other Homoeopathic reme- 
dies prescribed by an amateur. When called to see her, I found 
high fever, delirium, red face, and both tonsils so swollen that 
suffocation was feared. A few doses of Tarantula Cub. dispersed 
the swelling and accompanying symptoms in a few hours. 
"Dona F. L. de B., set. 84, delicate constitution, had a large 
anthrax in the back of the neck; had been treated for two weeks 
by three physicians of the old school with local applications, first 916 
TARANTULA HISPANA. 
emollient and then caustic. At last the knife was resorted to with 
stimulants internally, and Hydrate of Chloral and Morphine to 
relieve the burning, agonizing pain,-all to no effect, for the patient 
grew worse daily. Upon examination, I discovered that the whole 
of the muscular and cellular tissues were destroyed from the neck 
to the waist, and from shoulder to shoulder, leaving a cavity about 
six inches long and four wide, at the bottom of which several of 
the dorsal vertebrse were plainly visible. There was also infiltra- 
tion of the surrounding tissues, and the patient had quotidian 
fever and diarrhoea. After the fourth dose of Tarantula Cub. the 
pain was completely relieved. On the third day the line of de- 
markation was formed; and two days afterward the surrounding 
mortified tissues came off. With the continuance of this remedy 
and an occasional dose of Silicea, the patient was entirely cured in 
seven weeks from my first call. 
"These are only a few of the many cases in which Tarantula 
Cub. has given complete satisfaction in my practice. I have used 
it with success in syphilitic buboes, painful boils, and all kinds of 
abscesses where pain or inflammation predominates. Its power 
to relieve pain in these cases is wonderful, acting, we might say, 
as an anodyne. The observations of one man, however, can not 
establish the reputation of a remedy; and for this reason I bring 
these facts and confirmatory clinical cases before the profession 
for investigation. Perhaps by instituting regular provings with 
this substance, new symptoms might be developed, and the real 
value of the remedy definitely ascertained."-Read before the 
Homoeopathic Medical Society of N. Y. County, by J. J. Navarro. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
''Especially indicated in choreiform affections, where the right 
arm and left leg are principally affected; or the whole body."- 
Nunez. [In acute and sub-acute cases.] 
"Constant movement of the legs, arms, and trunk, with ina- 
bility to do anything; can not even keep quiet in one place; pre- 
ceded by malaise and oppression."-Dr. Nunez. [Spinal irri- 
tation.] 
Trembling of the body; all the limbs are agitated; convulsive 
hysteria and chorea. (With excessive hyperaesthesia.) 
"Excessive hyperaesthesia; the least excitement irritates, fol- 
lowed by ennui and sadness. Slight touch along the spine pro- 
voked spasmodic pains in the chest, and indescribable distress in 
the cardiac region; at times the heart feels as if twisted over; in- 
tense headache, as though thousands of needles were pricking in TARANTULA HISPANA. 
917 
the brain; the body burned all over. Headache was better by 
rubbing the head against the pillow; she trembled so she could 
hardly talk. 
"In regard to the relief the patient experienced from rubbing 
the head against the pillow, we see here expressed one of the 
most characteristic indications for Tarantula. The termini of 
the nerves become so irritated that some kind of friction is re- 
quired, in order to obtain relief. All through the proving we find 
this irritation, varying with the part affected; must move hands 
or legs ; must rub head against something; must roll something 
between the fingers; must put fingers in the mouth, etc."- 
Farrington. 
Nervous diseases where the functions of the vagi are more or 
less disturbed. 
Neuralgia of the uterus, with many nervous symptoms, ac- 
companied with sadness and despair. 
Extreme sexual excitement; menses too early and profuse; 
pains and spasms of the uterus; pruritus vulvae; leucorrhoea. 
"Insanity and Spinal Meningitis. Sudden fox-like and de- 
structive efforts, requiring the utmost vigilance to prevent dam- 
age ; followed by laughter and apologies."-G. F. Foote, M. D. 
Nervous excitement; hysteria and mania; restlessness and 
dreaming. 
Skin.-Malignant ulcers, and unhealthy skin in general. 
"Itching; burning; formication; ecchymosed spots; painless,, 
vesicular, and especially pustular eruptions."-H. C. Jessen. 
Malignant ulcers; anthrax and gangrene (T. Cubensis'). 
Digestive Organs.-"Mouth dry; gums bleed; tongue ulcer- 
ated ; throat sore, swollen, inflamed, constricted; great thirst; 
flat, bad taste ; appetite lost, with anguish, nausea and vomiting. 
"Sharp pain in the umbilical region; violent burning in the 
abdomen and rectum ; stool profuse, dark,* fetid, bloody, with vio- 
lent urging; constipation."-Dr. Jessen. [Toxaemic fevers.] 
"Urine hot, thick, much sediment; difficult micturition ; incon- 
tinence, and pains in kidneys."-Dr. Jessen. [Septic diseases.] 
In toxaemic fevers, of a typhoid or intermittent form, there 
is much chilliness, or burning heat, the chilliness predominating. 
"Weakness of all the limbs ; rheumatic pains ; restlessness ; 
formication; paralysis ; spasmodic paralytic affections; neuralgia; 
rheumatisms, etc."-Dr. Jessen. 
Aggravation.-Night and morning. 
Amelioration.-In open air and during motion. 918 
TEREBINTHINA. 
TEREBINTHINA. 
Turpentine. 
Habitat: Europe, America, etc. Alcoholic solution of the Oil; one of Oil, and two of alcohol. 
Though the cerebro-spinal system, Turpentine has eight special cen- 
ters of action: 
I. Kidneys. Congestion; Inflam.; Hcematuria; Albuminuria. 
II. Digestive 0. Mucous Enteritis; Tympanitis; Hemorrhages. 
III. Air-Passages. Bronchitis; Mucorrhoea. 
IV. Skin. Vesicular Erysipelas. 
V. Cerebro-S. S. Toxcemic Fever; Insensibility; Prostration. 
VI. Vaso-Motor System. Stimulated; Large Doses Paralyze. 
VII. Heart. Blood-Pressure Lessened. 
VIII. Blood. Septic; Copious Hemorrhages. 
Urinary Organs.-"By far the most important sphere of the 
action of Terebinthina lies in the region of the kidneys, and in the 
urinary mucous membrane generally. It is an irritant through- 
out the tract. Acting on the kidneys in very small doses, it is di- 
uretic ; in larger quantities, it sets up congestion going on to 
inflammation of these organs, with hsematuria, albuminuria, and 
sometimes complete suppression of urine. It inflames also the 
bladder and urethra, and often causes strangury. All this is so 
well known that any application of Turpentine to urinary inflam- 
mations must be admitted to be homoeopathic. So Pereira says: 
'In blennorrhoea of the urinary apparatus, it seems to set up 
a new kind of irritation in the affected membrane, which super- 
sedes the previously existing disease.' It is, indeed, our chief 
remedy in hypersemia of the urinary organs. In simple renal 
congestion, which is almost as common as the corresponding af- 
fection of the liver, it is well-nigh infallible. When this condition 
goes on to complete suppression of urine, Turpentine will often 
restore the secretion. When it manifests itself by hsematuria, 
you will generally find Turpentine the best styptic."-Hughes. 
Turpentine produces active congestion of the capillaries of the 
Malpighian tufts, and the glomeruli, with exudation of albumen, destroying the glandular surface of the tubuli uriniferi. The 
nerves are paralyzed, producing passive hemorrhage, uraemia, 
and convulsions. In albuminuria where Turpentine is indicated, 
there will be found more or less blood-casts of the renal tubes 
mixed with the urine. In animals, after death from poisoning 
with Terebinth, there is inflammation and congestion of the cor- 
tical substance of the kidneys,; they are enlarged, softened, and 
of a dark red color. 
Digestive Organs.-A few drops produce a sense of heat in 
the stomach ; large doses, intense burning pain, nausea, intestinal 
irritation, severe burning in the abdomen, with stools of mucus 
and blood, accompanied with violent tenesmus. In some cases, 
there is no purging. The abdomen becomes greatly tympanitic, 
with much prostration, and many cerebral symptoms. 
Air-Passages.-The secretion of the bronchial mucous mem- 
brane, is greatly increased, with spasmodic, convulsive cough. 
"That Turpentine is exhaled by the breath, is evident to the 
senses; and it is allowed by all, that, where the bronchial mucous 
membrane is the seat of chronic catarrh, the medicine, in passing 
through it, exercises a modifying influence for the better. But it 
is not clearly recognized that this influence is of the same charac- 
ter as that which we have seen in the urinary sphere. Trousseau 
and Pidoux, however, make this plain. ' The mucous membranes,' 
they say of those under its influence, 'are dry, as if in the first 
stage of catarrh; they are injected, turgid, and hot. There is 
frequently herpes labialis, heavy sub-sternal pain, and tickling in 
the trachea, as at the commencement of bronchitis; the subjects 
have been seen to bring up phlegm streaked with blood."-Hughes. 
Skin.-Turpentine causes an eruption of the skin similar to 
that of scarlatina ; and, when applied locally, it causes heat, red- 
ness, vesicular inflammation, and sometimes intractable ulcer- 
ations. It is eliminated by the skin. ' ' 
Cerebro-Spina] System.-In large doses of one or two ounces, 
if produces thirst and vomiting, "and a febrile state is induced; 
the muscular strength is diminished, the power of co-ordination is 
impaired; exhilaration of mind, incoherence of ideas, and ram- 
bling insensibility follow. In toxic doses, there are complete 
muscular relaxation and profound insensibility, with abolition of 
all reflex movements; the face is flushed or cyanosed, the pupils 
usually dilated, the breathing labored and stertorous. The kid- 
TEREBINTHINA. 
919 920 
TEREBINTHINA. 
neys suffer extreme irritation, and the skin exhales a Turpentine 
odor. "-Bartholow. 
It acts upon the sentient nervous system, especially that of the 
lower extremities, producing excessive hyperesthesia along the 
track of the great nerves. 
Vaso-Motor Nervous System.-Through the cerebral nerve 
centers, Turpentine greatly stimulates the circulation. "As re- 
gards its action on the organs of circulation, the author's experi- 
ments show that Turpentine stimulates the vaso-motor nervous 
system, in moderate doses. A large quantity quickly exhausts 
the irritability of the sympathetic ganglia, the action of the heart 
becomes weak, and the arterial tension falls; the respiratory 
movements are at first stimulated, but afterward become shallow, 
and carbonic acid poisoning supervenes. The brains of animals 
killed by Turpentine smell strongly of it; and hence it may be 
concluded that it has a direct action on the cells of the cerebral 
lobes. "-Bartholow. 
Blood.-The blood becomes dark for want of oxygen. In toxic 
doses in rabbits, Dr. Leon Crucis found that it increases the 
coagulability of the blood and gives rise to numerous minute 
hepatic and pulmonic thrombi. "We have certainly seen it caus- 
ing haematuria and haemoptysis, and Stille says that females in- 
haling the Oil suffer from menorrhagia and dysmenorrhoea. To 
such bleedings, then, it is a simile; but I can not yet affirm that 
this is its modus operandi when curative of the hemorrhage of 
gastric and intestinal ulceration, or purpura, as it is said to be.'* 
-Hughes. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Urinary Organs.-Turpentine's greatest field of usefulness is 
found in nephritis, cystitis, urethritis, strangury, tenesmus of the 
bladder, diabetes, and especially albuminuria, or Bright's disease. 
In the latter, it is more especially called for in the sub-acute and 
chronic form, where, with the albumen, blood is found in the 
urine. If there is no blood in the urine, Terebinth will fail. 
Added to this, the eyelids are swollen, with double vision, vertigo, 
great oedema of the feet, and prostration. The disease must be 
idiopathic, that is, not caused or kept up by organic heart disease. 
Congestion and inflammation of urinary organs, with scanty> 
high-colored, and often bloody, urine. Copious hemorrhages. TEREBINTHINA. 
921 
Burning, drawing pains in the kidneys, with bloody urine; the 
blood is thoroughly mixed with urine, like coffee-ground sediment. 
"Pressure in the bladder, extending up into the kidneys, when 
sitting, disappearing when walking."-Hale. 
"Urine black, with coffee-ground sediment; great emaciation 
and weakness; clear watery, profuse; incontinence at night, or 
scanty, turbid, dark, epithelial sediment; albuminous; bloody or 
containing sugar."-Hg. [In toxaemic fevers.] 
"Burning and drawing from the right kidney to the hip ; worse 
in damp atmosphere."-Hg. [Gonorrhoeal rheumatism.] 
Urine scanty and bloody; most distressing strangury, with 
great loss of blood ; great soreness of the bladder for several days. 
"Heaviness and pains in the region of the kidneys."-Bouchart. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Gonorrhoea, with strangury, te- 
nesmus of the bladder, smarting in the urethra."-Hg. 
Puerperal metritis, and peritonitis, with burning and bearing- 
down in the uterus, with excessive tympanitis; muttering delir- 
ium and great prostration. 
Mouth.-"Tongue red, smooth, and glossy, as if deprived of 
papillae in typhoid fevers."-Dr. Wood. [Very characteristic.] 
Also tongue is red and glossy, in stomatitis and entero-colitis. 
Stomatitis materna, extending from the mouth to the anus; 
tongue very sore, red and glossy, burning like fire; immense 
tympanitis ; no pain ; low muttering delirium ; prostration. 
"Teeth; scorbutic affections, with haematuria."-Hg. 
Stomach.-Loss of appetite, great thirst, in gastro-enteritis. 
Intense burning in the stomach, with nausea and vomiting of 
mucus, bile, or blood ; copious hemorrhages. 
Pressure in the stomach as if he had swallowed a ball. 
Abdomen.-Great burning in the right hypochondrium. 
Biliary calculi. Dr. Durand believes Turpentine will dissolve 
and permanently cure gall-stones. If it will really dissolve these 
calculi, its value can not be over-estimated. If one teaspoonful 
of Chloroform was added to one of Terebinth, I would have great 
faith in it for the expulsion of gall-stones, if given in repeated 
doses, with Olive oil. 
Meteorismus, the excessive distention of the abdomen with 
gas, is one of the marked characteristics of Terebinth. 
Frequent colic from excessive tympanitis; in septic fevers. 
Griping, pinching colic, with muco-purulent stools. 922 
TEREBINTHINA. 
"Entero-colitis, with hemorrhages and ulceration of the bowels, 
especially epithelial degeneration; stools of mucus and water, 
more in the morning."-Hale. [Typhoid diseases.] 
I have found that the stools are more in the afternoon and 
evenings, where Turpentine acted best; in chronic entero-colitis. 
This is a most excellent remedy in chronic diarrhoea; and for 
hemorrhages from the bowels in typhoid fever, we have no better 
remedy, accompanied with great tympanitis. 
Typhoid fever, with excessive tympanitis; excessive languor 
and prostration; frequent loose stools ; and especially where there 
are copious hemorrhages from the bowels from the ulceration of 
Peyer's glands; accompanied with muttering delirium, etc. 
In diarrhoea, prostration is excessive, with burning in anus. 
"Stools of mucus and water, worse in the morning, with violent 
burning in the rectum and anus after stool."-Hg. 
"Worms, with foul breath, choking sensation, dry, hacking 
cough; burning and tingling in the anus, with sensation as if 
ascarides were crawling about,-sometimes with spasms."-Hg. 
Tania. In from one to two ounce doses, in combination with 
a cathartic of Castor oil, Turpentine has often removed and cured 
taenia. The oil prevents the absorption of the Turpentine, thus 
preventing its toxic action. 
Air-Passages.-"Dryness of the mucous membrane of the 
lungs, with great burning in the chest along the sternum."-Hah. 
"Bronchial catarrh; dry cough, no expectoration, or blood- 
streaked sputa, or copious mucous expectoration."-Hg. 
"Hemorrhage from lungs."-Hg. [Especially passive form.] 
"Unbearable burning and tightness across chest, with great 
dryness of mucous membranes, or profuse expectoration."-Hg. 
"Asthma, difficult respiration, as if from congestion of the 
lungs; worse from motion."-Hg. [With neuralgic symptoms.] 
Heart.-Pulse weak, thready, small, compressible, in all kinds 
of septic fevers, as puerperal, typhoid, yelloiv fever, scarlatina, epi- 
demic dysentery, traumatic erysipelas, etc., with the abdominal and 
vesical symptoms as noted above. 
Head.-Neuralgic headache, with burning pains. 
"Stupefaction, deep sleep; uraemia, fainting; dull, languid; 
relieved by micturition."-Hg. [In toxaemic fevers.] 
"Mind clear, then unconscious, followed by inability to con- 
centrate his mind."-F. IF. Rogers, M. D. [Septic fevers.] » 
"Sudden vertigo, with obscuration of sight."-IIg. TEREBINTHINA. 
923 
Intense pressure and great fullness of the head; dull head- 
ache, with violent nosebleed; septic fevers, scarlatina, etc. 
Puerperal convulsions, from uraemic poisoning (hypodermic). 
Uraemic spasms in albuminuria, with great prostration. 
Generalities.-Intense neuralgia of the lower limbs, especially 
in damp weather. Excellent in various neuralgias. 
Fever with violent thirst, profuse sweat, and excessive pros- 
tration ; entero-colitis, with stools of blood and mucus. 
Cold, clammy sweat all over the body; toxaemic fevers. 
In lumbago, neuralgia, chilblains, sprains, myalgia, used 
locally, often affords prompt relief. If mixed with Camphor and 
Acetic acid in equal parts, it will be greatly improved. 
Cancer. The new treatment for cancer now is Chian Turpentine. 
It is said to destroy the cancer cells, leaving the vessels to be- 
come atrophied, acting on the periphery of the growth with great 
vigor, causing its speedy disappearance, and an entire cessation 
of the pain in a few days. Let us hope that this is true. It 
probably relieves the pain from its specific action upon the sen- 
tient nerves. It is given in pills, six grains at a dose. 
Gangrene. Turpentine locally on lint, has cured many cases. 
Corns. Applied locally every night, will cure in one week. 
"This is a grand remedy, of whose uses we know far too little. 
It is not only adapted to diseased conditions of all the mucous 
membranes, to kidney diseases, to worms, to all of the hemor- 
rhages (one of the very best haemostatics), but to very deep-seated 
nervous diseases, as nervous headache, and neuralgia of the ex- 
tremities. One case of neuralgia of the lower limbs of fifteen 
years' standing, was cured with ten-drop doses after everything 
else had failed."-W. H. Holcombe, M. D. 
Aggravation.-Morning and evenings; damp weather, and 
when lying down. 
Amelioration.-When walking; during day, and dry weather. 924 
TEUCRIUM MARUM VERUM. 
TEUCRIUM MARUM VERUM. 
Habitat, Europe. Tincture according to Class III. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Teucrium has one special cen- 
ter of action: 
I. Mucous Membranes. Catarrhal Inflammation; Vermicide. 
Teucrium selects the mucous membrane of the lower bowels 
as its special center of action. It also affects that of the nose 
prominently, producing violent sneezing, congestion and inflam- 
mation of the mucous membrane. 
This is a grand remedy for ascarides, where there is great itch- 
ing of the anus. Also for polypus narium as a snuff, with creep- 
ing, biting sensation in the vicinity of the polypus. It has acted 
well in ingrowing toe-nail. 
Cat-Thyme. 
THLASPI BURSA PASTORIS. 
Shepherd's Purse. 
Habitat: Asia, Africa, America, etc. Tincture of fresh plant in flower, Class II. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Thlaspi has one special 
center of action: 
I. Vascular System (Ovario-Uterine Organs). Hemorrhages. 
Vascular System.-Thlaspi acts upon the whole venous vas- 
cular system, but especially centers upon the vascular system of 
the generative organs of women, causing congestion and copious 
hemorrhages. It also produces hemorrhages from all parts of 
the body. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Especially adapted to menorrhagia ; 
menses too frequent, lasting too long, degenerating into a hemor- 
rhage continuing many days, blood clotted, with menstrual colic. THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 
925 
Premature menstruation; "first day she hardly had a show, 
but on the second day there was a real hemorrhage, with severe 
colic, vomiting, and expulsion of clots; flow continued very long, 
eight, ten, and even fifteen days, then left the patient in a state of 
exhaustion, from which she had not time to recover before another 
period; one period very profuse, the next less so."-Jousset. 
"I have met with special success in hemorrhages, with violent 
uterine colic, and cramps, consequent on abortion; at the critical 
age; and even where there was cancer of the neck."-Jousset. 
Hemorrhage from cancer of the uterine neck, without pain. 
It has given good satisfaction, in tincture, and up to the 12th 
dilution. Dr. Jousset gives the tincture, from one to twenty drops 
at a dose. 
Hemorrhages.-"Profuse hemorrhage from all parts of the 
body."-Lippe. 
An excellent remedy in haemoptysis and epistaxis; blood dark 
and clotted. 
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 
Arbor Vitae. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh leaves during inflorescence, Class II. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Cham., Puls., Sabin., Sulph., Merc. 
Through the vegetative nervous system, Thuja has six special cen- 
ters of action: 
I. Skin. Fig-warts; Condylomata; Tubercles; Sycosis. 
II. Mucous Mems. Acrid Secretions; Corroding Ulcers; Polypi. 
III. Sexual 0., Male. Chronic Blennorrhoea; Prostatitis; Sycosis. 
IV. Sexual 0., Female. Delayed Menses; Leucorrhoea; Ovaritis. 
V. Blood and Serum. Dissolution; Acridity. 
VI. Urinary Organs. Diuresis; Sphincter Paralyzed. 
Skin.-Thuja was Hahnemann's great remedy for sycosis, that 
peculiar poison whose characteristic action is shown upon the 
skin and mucous membrane by the formation of fig-warts and 
condylomata (combination of syphilis and gonorrhoea). Thuja 
produces on the skin generally, and on the anus particularly, 926 
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 
warty excrescences and tubercles. "The fig-warts being hyper- 
trophies of the cutaneous papillae, Dr. Petroz has argued that 
other growths of like nature-as warts and polypi-are also prod- 
ucts of the sycotic virus. While this is doubtful enough, I think 
he is justified, both from theory and from practice, in claiming 
for Thuja a like efficacy in their treatment. He gives cases of 
polypus of the uterus and larynx which came away spontaneously 
under its action; and both he and Mayerhofer relate numerous 
instances of its cure of warts. One of these is especially interest- 
ing, as showing how the drug acts in the same direction as the 
disease. A woman had four horny and painful warts on her 
hands of three years' standing. After taking from six to ten 
drops of the tincture of Thuja daily for a month, first one and 
then another crop of new but painless warts appeared on the 
hand. After leaving off the drug, these soon disappeared, and 
the old ones vanished simultaneously, leaving her hands quite free. 
I myself have had most successful results from Thuja in warts. 
If one or two only are present, they should be painted with the 
mother tincture daily; but, when they come in crops, the internal 
administration of the drug is the proper treatment. I have more 
than once seen large collections of these excrescences of long 
standing, disappear in a few weeks under infinitesimal doses of 
the medicine. . . . Boenninghausen and others have thought 
that Thuja has some specific action in small-pox, even so as to 
prove prophylactic against; it, as Belladonna against scarlatina. 
More evidence seems required here. But there is no doubt that 
Thuja has proved curative of 'grease' in horses, which may par- 
take of the same nature as vaccinia and variola. It has often 
been of eminent service in veterinary practice, as in the treatment 
of farcy and of the warty vegetations of the surface so common 
in the lower animals."-Hughes. 
Mucous Membranes of the Sexual Organs.-Thuja produces 
inflammation of the prepuce and glans, warts, tubercles, ulcers ; 
in the female acrid leucorrhoea, retarded menstruation, fig-warts, 
condylomata, etc. Dr. Wolf says: "It produces irritation of the 
mucous membrane of the genital organs, extending itself over all 
these organs, changing the naturally mild secretion into one of an 
acrid, corroding, infectious quality." 
"The Austrian provings, which are entirely confirmatory of 
Hahnemann's, show that the main action of Thuja is on the gen- 
ito-urinary organs, with the anus, and on the skin. It causes co- 
pious and frequent urination, burning in several parts of the mu- THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 
927 
cons tract, pains of various kinds in the penis; inflammation of 
the prepuce and glans; ulcers, tubercles, and other excrescences 
on the sexual organs, with itching and profuse sweating; and, in 
the female, leucorrhoea. The sexual appetite is depressed, and 
the catamenia retarded. Burning, itching, swelling, and mucous 
discharge occurred at the anus. . . . Hahnemann recom- 
mended it as'the most homoeopathic remedy for the non-syphilitic 
form of venereal disease, which he called 'sycosis.' His attention 
was also drawn to the condylomatous excrescences, or fig-warts, 
which, perhaps more frequently then than now, were apt to PjC- 
company the contagious blennorrhcea of the urethra. He formed 
the opinion that these were the chancre of the non-syphilitic vene- 
real miasm, and, like that, constituted the vicarious local mahf- 
festation of the internal evil. If cauterized or otherwise destroyed, 
they either returned in the same spot, or similar excrescences 
broke out in other parts of the body,-whitish, fungous, sensitive, 
flat elevations in the cavity of the mouth, on the tongue, palate, 
and lips, or large, elevated, brown, dry tubercles in the axillae, on 
the external neck, scalp, etc. 
"The pathology of this subject, so far as condylomata are con- 
cerned, still remains obscure. Jahr, who was a devoted follower 
of Hahnemann, differs from him about it, holding the common 
view that condylomata, with the mucous patches in the mouth 
described as connected with it, are products of syphilis; while 
Drs. Skae, Wallace, and Rose Cormack agree with Hahnemann. 
The former, who, from his experience at the Edinburgh Lock 
Hospital, spoke with some authority, states that the condyloma- 
tous form of venereal disease is known in some parts of Scotland 
inder the distinctive name of 'sibbons.' There seems no doubt 
that the true chancre not uncommonly sprouts into condyloma- 
tous vegetations before disappearing, or becomes transformed in 
situ into a mucous patch; and that both fig-warts themsolves, 
and mucous tubercles, like them, may occur as manifestations of 
syphilis. But it is also certain that condylomata are frequently 
met with in connection with gonorrhoea, and even without any 
other venereal sign whatever. Dr. Skae relates, that when so oc- 
curring, they may be communicated by contagion, and that sec- 
ondary symptoms accompany them in the shape of whitish eleva- 
tions on the mucous membrane of the mouth and fauces, a husky 
tone of voice, and perhaps some cutaneous eruptions. He evi- 
dently, with Hahnemann, considers that condylomata, with or 
without gonorrhoea, are themselves the primary phenomenon of 
a specific venereal taint."-Hughes. 928 
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 
Blood and Serum.-Dissolution of all the fluids of the body, 
which become very acrid. The acridity is probably caused by 
Thuja perverting the lymphatic secretions. Dr. Wolf says: "It 
disturbs digestion and sanguification; tendency to destruction ; 
dissolution of the fluids, and the whole organism." 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
General Indications. - Thuja is especially adapted to the 
hydrogenoid constitution, which is related, according to Grauvogl, 
to sycosis as effect to cause. This constitution is distinguished 
from the oxygenoid and the carbo-nitrogenoid, in that it is more 
hygroscopic, i. e., it possesses an increased capacity to contain 
water; hence, rain, cold, damp weather, baths, and food, that in- 
creases the number of molecules of water in the. system, aggravate 
the symptoms of the hydrogenoid constitution. 
It is the great antidote to disease of a sycotic origin, which 
generally shows itself in the shape of warts, condylomata, cauli- 
flower excrescences, on or about the genital organs and hairy 
parts of the body, and mucous membranes. 
"In Thuja we meet a surplus of the producing life; thus, the 
nearly unlimited proliferation of pathological vegetations, as 
found in the condylomata, the warty excrescences, the spongy 
tumors, and the spongy pock. In fact, the exudates organize 
hastily. All morbid manifestations of Thuja are excessive. 
They appear quietly, sneaking as it were, so that the beginning 
of the diseased state is not known."-Goullon. 
Mind.- "Mental uneasiness; low-spirited and desponding; 
tired of life; morose; dissatisfied; unsteadiness."-Goullon. 
"Patient often feels as though she could not exist any longer; 
extremely scrupulous about the least thing."-G. 
"Loathing of life ; very ill-humored and depressed."-Hah. 
Mental labor is impossible; forgetful; makes mistakes, and 
can not collect his senses ; very desponding, in gonorrhoea. 
"Stupefaction of the head; vertigo; reeling sensation, as after 
frequently turning in a circle."-Goullon. [Tertiary syphilis.] 
"Sensation as if the whole body were very thin and delicate, 
and could not resist the least attack ; as if the continuity of the 
body would be dissolved."-G. [Chronic hysteria.] 
"Sleeplessness at night; restlessness and tossing about; an- 
guish, which does not allow him to sleep; sleep full of dreams 
and startings."-Goullon. 
The very restleiss sleep at night is characteristic of Thuja. THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 
929 
Head.-"Headache on the left side, as if a convex button were 
being pressed on the part."-G. [Rheumatic affections.] 
"Headache early in the morning; sometimes he feels as if the 
head were screwed asunder in the articulation of the malar bone 
and the upper jaw; sometimes as if a nail were driven into the 
vertex with a jerk, sometimes as if the forehead wrould fall out."- 
Goullon. [Gonorrhoeal rheumatism.] 
"Transitory pain in the left frontal region as if a nail had been 
driven into the frontal eminence."-Hah. 
"Headache, worse from sexual excesses; overheating; better 
from exercise in the open air, looking upward and turning, and 
from tea."-Hg. 
"Eruption moist, corroding on occiput and temples, worse 
from touch, better from rubbing; wants head and face warmly 
wrapped."-Hg. 
"White, scaly dandruff; hair dry and falling out."-Hg. 
Eye.-Induration of the eyelids. "Is useful in tinea ciliaris, 
with dry, bran-like eruption on the eyelids, chiefly about the 
ciliae; eyelashes irregular and imperfectly grown; skin scaly; eyes 
weak and watery."-Dr. R. F. Cooper. 
"As a remedy for styes and tarsal tumors, it is very valuable, 
especially for verucae and tumors that resemble small condylo- 
mata ; internally and externally."-A. and N. 
"Old chronic catarrhal conjunctivitis, in which the granula- 
tions are large like warts or blisters, with burning in the lids; 
worse at night, with excessive photophobia."-A and N. 
"The action of Thuja upon the sclera is more marked than 
that of any other drug; and it has given excellent success in 
episcleritis, sclero-choroiditis and staphyloma. For syphilitic iritis, 
marked by condylomata on the iris, it is a grand remedy, with 
sharp, sticking pains and much heat."-A. and N. 
"Amblyopia, vision blurred; flames of light before the eyes, 
mostly yellow; white spots like bottles moving about."-Hah. 
Seems as if cold air rushed in and out of the eyes ; must cover 
them up to keep them warm; eyes relieved by warm covering; 
very sensitive to cold, damp weather. Of great use in malignant 
blennorrhoea, especially in leucophlegmatic temperaments, that 
are always chilly. 
Ears.-Scrofulous otorrhoea, in hygroscopic temperaments; 
the discharge is watery, purulent, with crackling sounds in the 
ear, especially in young, growing children. THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 
930 
Nose.-Chronic catarrh; sensation as if the nose were stopped 
up; dry coryza; discharge from the nose of mucus and blood, in 
fat, hygroscopic temperaments, with much chilliness. 
"Blows out much thick, green mucus, mixed with blood and 
pus; painful scales in the nostrils."-Hg. [Chronic venereal 
catarrh.] 
Mouth.-Sycotic nodules frequently suppurating and forming 
flat ulcers ; deep ulcers of the mouth. 
Foul taste, with map tongue, in chronic dyspepsia. 
"The inner mouth feels as if full of blisters, as if he had burnt 
it, with redness of the gums. Tip of the tongue sore to the touch. 
Pressing stitching under the tongue. White coating; swelling of 
the tongue; fauces dry and sore ; swelling of the salivary glands, 
they secrete a great deal of bitter or bloody saliva."-Goullon. 
Teeth decay at roots ; crumble and turn yellow; pain at night. 
Swelling of the tonsils and throat, with chronic congestion of 
the fauces, and flat ulceration of the parts; sycotic syphilis. 
Mucus very tenacious and difficult to loosen. Moist, broad, 
flat, or roundish tubercles in the throat. Chronic catarrh. 
Stomach.-"Canine hunger, alternating with loss of appetite, 
or long-continued loss of appetite; fullness after eating as if he 
would burst; thirst mornings."-Goullon. 
"After eating, slimy, sweetish taste in the mouth; or flat, bit- 
ter eructations as from a spoiled stomach. Pain in the pit of the 
stomach; after eating, the abdomen bloats ; excessive flatulence; 
bad effects from eating greasy, fat food."-Goullon. 
"The fluid he drinks falls audibly into the stomach; pit of the 
stomach swollen; sensitive; indurated."-Hg. 
Gastrodynia, with contractive pains in the stomach ; excessive 
flatulence ; pulsations in the epigastrium ; chronic dyspepsia. 
Pressure as from a stone in the hepatic region when walking. 
Pressure in the abdomen, with contractive colicky pains. 
Bowels.-Constipation is marked. "During an attempt at 
stool, the pain in the rectum and anus is so great she has to 
desist, she can not pass the stool; the suffering and pain in the 
anus are greatly increased during motion ; the violent contractive 
pain in the anus is followed by tearing pains in the bowels."-G. 
"Feeling in the rectum as if boiling lead was passing through 
it, with burning, pricking pains in the anus."-Raue. 
Painful contraction of the anus; unable to void the constipated 
stool on account of the painful fissures of the anus. THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 
931 
"Stools, pale yellow, watery, copious, forcibly expelled; gur- 
gling like water from a bung-hole; much thirst; worse in morn- 
ing; chronic form, with emaciation and debility."-Bell. 
Anus fissured, painful to touch; often with warts ; sometimes 
immense numbers of these flat, moist mucous tubercles or con- 
dylomata surround the anus, especially in syphilitic subjects. 
Urinary Organs.-Frequent inclination to urinate; the stream 
is often interrupted before the urine is entirely voided; has to rise 
several times at night to micturate; urine red, depositing a thick 
brick-dust sediment; during micturition, cutting in the urethra ; 
smarting and itching of the female pudendum, with the discharge 
of some drops of urine after micturating; burning itching, stitch- 
ing in the urethra ; chronic gonorrhoea and prostatitis. 
"Copious, frequent urination; burning in urethra."-Hughes. 
"Chronic incontinence of urine, from paralysis of the sphincter 
vesicse."-Dr. Polle. [In old, flabby constitutions.] 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Thuja is of great value in sub-acute 
and chronic cases of gonorrhoea, especially when injections have 
been used and the prostate is involved. "Dr. Boehm writes that 
an extensive experience has taught him that the prostate is more or 
less affected in all gonorrhoeas which have lasted longer than six 
or eight weeks, and that this condition of the gland is itself the 
cause of a good half of all chronic cases of this disease. In such 
conditions, he has the utmost confidence in Thuja. My own ex- 
perience is quite in favor of the specific influence of Thuja on the 
prostate. I have derived unequivocal benefit from it in several 
cases of acute and chronic inflammation of the gland. It should 
be useful also in balanitis."-Hughes. 
Chronic gonorrhoea, with sycosis ; burning during and between 
urination ; red, smooth excrescences on the glans penis ; fig-warts 
and condylomata all over the sexual organs of both sexes, that 
exude a glutinous, foul-smelling matter; mucous tubercles in the 
urethra; proliferating syphilis; thin, green discharge, especially 
in women, with loss of appetite; psychical depression, and sleep- 
lessness ; flabby constitutions. 
"The chief sphere of action for this remedy is the modifica- 
tions of the chancre virus that are described as idiopathic condy- 
lomata, mucous tubercles, and sycotic excrescences. It is more par- 
ticularly the humid products of this kind, such as cauliflower 
excrescences, and still more mucous tubercles. Thuja is very 
efficient here, but of little use for dry, filiform fig-warts."-Jahr. 932 
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 
"Several ulcers on the prepuce and glans, growing above the 
skin, clean looking, but suppurating profusely ; vegetating ulcers 
on the glans penis; deep, humid furrows, covered with pus, seated 
on the swollen prepuce; ulcers on the prepuce, raised above the 
skin like warts, cut half through (mucous tubercles?). The dis- 
charges excoriate. "-Goullon. 
"Stitches in the glans, itching with moisture, like blennorrhcea, 
with round fiat ulcers on the corona glandis."-Goullon. 
"Aching pain in the testes as if contused; varicose degenera- 
tion of the epididymis; continual erection; pollution, with sensa- 
tion in the urethra as if it were too narrow."-Goullon. 
"Checked gonorrhoea, causing articular rheumatism; prostati- 
tis; impotence and sycosis."-Hg. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Thuja corresponds fully to wom- 
an's nature, inasmuch as the habitus of the female sex represents 
those characteristics which approach the hydrogenoid constitu- 
tion, or sycotic dyscrasia, or even Virchow's leucocythsemia. The 
same may be said of the infantile organism, and its disposition to 
scrofulosis in its manifold dispositions. The abundant blennor- 
rhoea, the many knotty indurations, the numerous glandular 
affections, even the greater tendency to vesicular spasm, to an im- 
pure skin (tedious ulcerations), the melancholia, far more fre- 
quently observed in women than in men, speak clearly for our 
theory."-Goullon. 
"The vagina is filled with warty excrescences, with great burn- 
ing and smarting pains; she is so sensitive in the vagina that she 
can not possibly bear an embrace."-G. 
"Profuse mucous leucorrhoea, with thin, long warts, or fig- 
warts on the face or genitals."-G. [Very acrid.] 
"Ulcers on the internal surface of the vulva and perinaeum, 
with cramp-like pains in the vulva when rising from a seat, 
extending up into the abdomen."-G. 
"Ulceration of womb ; green or bloody discharge."-G. 
Sexual desire extremely elated or depressed ; irresistible desire 
for onanism, she gives herself up to the vice, even during sleep; 
chronic impotence. 
Ovaries. "Severe burning pain in the left ovary, aggravated 
by walking, riding, and at every menstrual period."-Ludlam. 
"A terrible distressing pain occurs in the left iliac region, 
when walking or riding; she must lie down to get relief, especially 
aggravated at the menstrual period."-G. 
"Terribly tormenting pain in the left ovarian and inguinal re- 
gion, with scanty menstruation."-Goullon. THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 
933 
"Retarded menstruation."-Hughes. [The menses are not 
only retarded, but are inclined to be scanty in Thuja.] 
Ovaritis, especially the left one, in flabby, lymphatic women. 
Uterine cancer based on syphilitic constitution; the cauli- 
flower excrescences bleed easily and emit a very foul odor. 
Polypus of the uterus and vagina. 
Granulations and fleshy excrescences growing from the mucous 
membrane of the uterus, soft and spongy, jutting out like warts, 
and are easily detached, sycotic temperaments; they are a fre- 
quent cause of long-continued hemorrhages, or bloody leucor- 
rhoea. In fleshy, flabby women. 
Pregnancy. Abortions are very frequent; labor-pains are very 
feeble; the motion of the child causes cutting pains in the blad- 
der, with urging to urinate. 
Mucous tubercles on the nipples, on the labia, anus, or cor- 
ners of the mouth. In leu cophlegmatic people. 
Respiratory Organs.-"Stitches in the larynx; sensation of 
crawling in the trachea; hoarseness; cough early in the morning 
when rising, as if excited by sharp things; expectoration of gray, 
yellow, or greenish little balls, or of yellow mucus, with pain in 
the pit of the stomach."-Goullon. 
Sycotic erosions of the fauces, with dry, teasing cough. 
"Difficult, oppressed breathing; oppression of the chest as if 
something had grown fast to it; stitches in the chest; strong pal- 
pitation of the heart, especially when ascending stairs."-Goullon. 
[Much emaciated, in those that have been fleshy.] 
"Asthma, worse at night, with red face; coughing spells, or 
sensation of adhesion of the lungs."-Hg. 
Cough evenings and at night, with loose green or yellow expec- 
toration ; tastes like old cheese, and aggravated by cold water and 
air. Drinking anything cold aggravates the cough ; chronic cases. 
Heart's action greatly excited evenings ; sycotic rheumatism. 
Back.-"Feeling of stiffness in the nape of the neck, with 
restlessness and nausea ; pain in the neck as if he had been lying 
on a hard couch; dull, painful pressure in the small of the back 
while stooping; bruised feeling all over; the veins of the neck are 
bloated and blue ; strong perspiration in the axillae ; brown spots 
under the arms like moles; brown spots on the hands are a sure 
indication for Thuja."-Goullon. 
Extremities.-"Paralytic feeling in the arms, as if he had 
lifted too heavy a burden; painful difficulty of moving the arms ; 934 
THUJA OCCIDENTALIS. 
severe rheumatic, drawing pains in the bones, as if the flesh were 
separated from the bones; bruised feeling as if beaten black and 
blue; boring in the joints; tingling in the fingers, as if they had 
gone to sleep, redness and swelling of the phalanges."-Goullon. 
"Painful feeling of relaxation in the hip-joints, as if the artic- 
ular capsules were too flaccid and weak to support the body; ten- 
sion from the hip-joint to the groin, and along the posterior part 
of the thigh down to the knee."-Goullon. 
"Cracking in the elbow, knee, and tarsal joints when stretching 
the limbs; weariness in the internal muscles of both thighs, as if 
they would break down; pain in the heel, as if gone to sleep; 
stitches above the heel in the tendo Achillis; inflammatory, 
red swelling of the dorsa of the feet and of the toes, with tension 
when stepping on them ; voluptuous itching, with red, marble-like 
spots; shining, red, inflammatory swelling of all the toes; burn- 
ing, tearing stitching in the corns."-Goullon. 
A close simile for rheumatism, especially gonorrhoeal. 
Ingrowing toe-nail has often been cured with Thuja locally. 
Skin.-Sweat only on uncovered parts, while covered parts 
were dry and hot; very restless and desponding. 
Moist tubercles, especially of the ears, cheeks, chin, nipples, 
inguinal region, and hairy parts of the body; in syphilitic chil- 
dren, every part of skin ; the discharges are very excoriating. 
In secondary and tertiary syphilis, with fissures of the anus 
and herpetic, moist ulcers of skin, especially in lymphatic people. 
"Thuja occupies a front rank in the treatment of variola of 
every degree, as a prophylacticuni, and during the disease; it 
aborts the pustule and prevents the suppurative fever."-Goullon. 
[Many physicians have great faith in it.] 
Strong perspiration, especially in the axillse, with brown spots 
on the arms and hands; skin of the hands dry. 
"Excessive development of the panniculus adiposus; lipoma, 
warts, pustules, with dirty secretion, e. g., at the extensor side of the 
lingers, on the skin of the whole body between the lamellae of the 
epidermis."-Goullon. [Tertiary syphilis.] 
Sequelae of vaccination in lymphatic children. The left side is 
more apt to be involved, with filthy ulcerations. 
For warts and condylomata, apply the tincture externally, 
and give a high dilution internally. Many cures have been made. 
Bleeding fungous growths ; epithelioma; painful pemphigus ; 
blood-boils on the back, and fiat ulcerations of the skin. 
Hair thin, grows slowly, splits, and falls off. TRILLIUM PENDULUM. 
935 
Skin looks dirty; brown spots here and there, with white spots, 
■especially in tertiary syphilis. 
(Edema about the joints; emaciation and deadness of the 
affected parts, in people that have been very fleshy. 
Chilliness predominates; always chilly from the least change 
of weather. 
Aggravation.-During rest; from heat of bed; in the fore- 
noon ; from narcotics, and cold, damp air. 
Amelioration.-In open air; from warmth, and from warm, 
dry weather. 
TRILLIUM PENDULUM. 
Beth Root. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the fresh root, Class III. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Trillium has two special centers 
•of action: 
I. Capillary Blood Vessels. Relaxation and Hemorrhages. 
II. Mucous Membranes (Uterine). Mucorrhcea; Putrescence. 
Capillary Blood -Vessels.- Through the vaso-motor nervous 
system, Trillium acts on the capillary blood-vessels, causing re- 
laxation of the muscular fiber of the digestive organs, kidneys, 
and especially of the uterus, thereby producing copious hemor- 
rhages. Dr. Hale says: "Like all anti-hemorrhagics, it doubt- 
less possesses some influence over the vaso-motor system of 
nerves. It may be primarily homoeopathic to vaso-motor spasm, 
and secondarily to vaso-motor paresis. In large doses, it checks 
nearly all hemorrhages. In small doses, it checks passive hemor- 
rhages. In attenuated doses, it cures the results of suppressed 
■discharges of blood (perhaps mucus). . . . We have no prov- 
ing of this remedy showing its pathogenetic action upon the gen- 
erative organs of women, nor can we decide with any certainty as 
to the pathological states which it would induce in the uterine 
tissue. To say it acts by giving tone to the uterus, would not 
convey any exact idea, although it actually has that effect; it 936 
TRILLIUM PENDULUM. 
stimulates the uterine nerves to healthy faction; and, as a conse- 
quence, we have muscular tonicity, and a healthy condition of the 
mucous membranes. Hemorrhages from the uterus either arise 
from relaxation or laceration of the blood-vessels of that organ, 
or from abrasion or relaxation of its mucous coats." 
Mucous Membranes. -Trillium produces relaxation of the 
mucous membranes, with copious hemorrhages, especially of the 
uterus; and no remedy that we possess is more useful in active 
and passive hemorrhages. 
Dr. Coe says: "Its dynamic influences are chiefly directed to- 
ward the mucous surfaces, over which it seems to exercise a 
special control. Though mostly employed in affections of the 
uterine system, it is, nevertheless, of great utility in the treat- 
ment of all diseases involving the mucous membranes. It is de- 
cidedly antiseptic, and is useful in correcting a tendency to 
putrescency of the fluids, and the fetor of critical discharges. 
[This latter I know' to be a fact.] Slight hemorrhages occurring 
from wounds, cancerous ulcerations, etc., may be corrected by its 
local application." 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Its great field of usefulness lies 
among the hemorrhages, especially from the uterus and kidneys. 
We possess no better remedy in active and passive uterine hemor- 
rhages. Dr. Hale believes it excels Sabina, Secale, and Hama- 
melis; and, from my experience with it in uterine hemorrhages, I 
can say the same. 
"Excessive flooding, with fainting; face pale and anxious; ex- 
tremities cold; no pain."-Dr. E. G. Wheeler. [Flabby subjects.] 
In passive internal uterine hemorrhages, with occasional 
clots, and much fetor, it has proved in my hands extremely relia- 
ble. Flooding with fainting, to me is a key for its use. In many 
cases where fainting was a prominent feature from loss of blood,. 
Trillium has arrested the hemorrhage at once. 
"Profuse uterine hemorrhage, at the climacteric period, with 
prostration, vertigo, dimness of sight, palpitation of the heart, 
and painful sense of sinking at the pit of the stomach."-Dr. E~ 
M. Hale. [From excessive loss of blood.] 
"Menses every fourteen days, lasting seven or eight days ; in 
the intervening time, profuse leucorrhoea, of a yellowish color and 
creamy consistence; the blood is at first bright red, but, owing to 
anaemia, grows pale."-Raue. URANIUM. 
937 
"Terrible bloody leucorrhcea; great anaemia."-Dr. Fickler. 
"Profuse exhausting leucorrhcea, with atony, prolapsus, and 
chronic engorgement of the cervix."-Dr. Coe. 
Profuse yellowish leucorrhcea, with much debility. 
"Profuse [long-lasting] lochial discharges."-Dr. Coe. 
Digestive Organs.-"Passive hemorrhages [and active] from 
nearly all mucous membranes, especially of the kidneys and 
nose."-Hale. 
"Chronic diarrhoea of bloody mucus."-Dr. Coe. 
Usually the tincture in from two to five drop doses will arrest 
the hemorrhages, sooner than the dilutions. 
URANIUM. 
Nitrate of Uranium. 
Chemical Preparation. Trituration. Aqueous eolation the best. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Uranium has five special centers 
of action: 
I. Stomach. Nausea, Vomiting; Gastritis; Ulceration; Thirst. 
II. Duodenum. Inflammation; Ulceration. 
III. Kidneys. Inflammation; Albuminuria; Glycosuria. 
IV. Serous Membranes. Inflammation; Dropsical Effusions. 
V. Cord (Motor). Complete Muscular Paralysis. 
Digestive Organs.-I have the pleasure of taking from the 
valuable monograph of E. T. Blake, M. D., the following physio- 
logical facts from his experiments upon animals and man: "Like 
most metallic salts, this drug is a pure irritant, showing a marked 
specific relation to the-alimentary organs. Its characteristic re- 
actions are concentrated on the abdominal viscera; and, of those 
viscera, the stomach and duodenum were observed to suffer in as 
many as fifty per cent of the animals experimented upon. 
"Ten rabbits were treated with the drug; in every rabbit, with 
the exception of one, there was some deviation from the normal 
state to be seen in the pyloric end of the stomach. In three rab- 
bits, there were found gastric ulcers, in each instance deep, well 
defined, and solitary. In one cat, there were two ulcers in the 938 
URANIUM. 
duodenum. These were specific effects of the drug; for it was in- 
troduced into the areolar tissue of the lower extremities. 
"The Nitrate of Uranium exerts a specific action on the circu- 
lation of the stomach and duodenum, producing ulceration of the 
pylorus, resembling that of Kali bichromicum, Arsenic, and Ar- 
gentum nitricum. Thirst and vomiting were well marked in 
these experiments." 
Urinary Organs.-All the indications point to the kidneys as 
the main field for the action of Uranium; and chronic renal de- 
generation, with albuminuria, or glycosuria with ascites, are 
marked features of this metal. Dr. Blake's experiments tend to 
show that Uranium does not possess the glycogenetic powers at- 
tributed to it; but Dr. Magdenburg says: "I have satisfied my- 
self by my own experiments, that, after several weeks' ingestion 
of small doses of Uranium muriaticum or Nitricum by healthy 
persons, sugar can be found in the urineand there is an 
abundance of clinical experience that proves Dr. Magdenburg 
correct in the statement, that Uranium has not only caused, but 
cured, many cases of glycosuria. 
In Dr. Blake's proving, the action of Uranium was to increase 
the total quantity and specific gravity of the urine,-the excess 
being either in the urates or chlorides,-and to produce acridity, 
with mucous discharges and incontinence of urine. Another 
marked effect was to produce albuminuria in many cases of the 
animals poisoned; and Dr. Blake says: "It ought to be useful in 
Bright's disease, and kindred renal maladies; in contracted, 
gouty kidneys, with gastric disturbances ; in irritable conditions 
of the renal plexus of the sympathetic. It seems singular that it 
should have cured cases of sugar diabetes, which it undoubtedly 
has done." 
Liver.-No one seems to have studied out the action of Ura- 
nium upon the liver. There is no doubt that it does affect the 
liver, and that this has something to do with its action in glyco- 
suria ; for irritation of the duodenum is powerfully reflected 
upon the liver, and must be so in the case of Uranium. 
Serous Membranes.-On the serous membranes, especially 
the peritoneum, Uranium has a marked action; in the nineteen 
animals poisoned, six had ascites; and, in peritonitis with effu- 
sion, as well as hydro-pericardium, Uranium should prove to be 
a valuable ally. URANIUM. 
939 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-The brain symptoms are probably 
mostly sympathetic, from gastro-intestinal irritation; but, 
through the spine, Uranium has a marked and specific action 
upon the end organs of the motor nerves, i. e., the muscles, as 
shown by the excessive languor and profound prostration pro- 
duced in the animals poisoned; five drops of the first decimal be- 
ing sufficient, when injected under the skin, to kill a rabbit; and 
two drops were sufficient to suspend life in a full-sized cat, and 
completely prostrate the animal's muscular system. It acts 
prominently upon the lower portion of the cord. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Urinary Organs.-Uranium is, without doubt, the most 
homoeopathic remedy yet discovered for diabetes, many cases 
having been cured with the drug used in the first three tritura- 
tions and dilutions. Dr. Blake thinks the cases that call for this 
drug have much irritation of the stomach and bowels ; but cases 
have been cured where none of these symptoms have been marked, 
excepting the thirst; great emaciation, and profound debility. In 
acute and chronic diuresis of children and adults, we have no 
better remedy. Dr. Cook cured a case of incontinence of urine in 
a young girl, who had been troubled from infancy. I have great 
confidence in Uranium, in children that have incontinence of 
urine at night from worms; the urine is often excoriating. 
"Burning in the urethra, with very acid urine ; urinary tenes- 
mus."-Dr. Blake. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Completely impotent, with nocturnal 
emissions. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Excessive lacteal secretion. 
Vertigo ; faint flushing of upper part of body, during menstru- 
ation. 
Head.-Great despondency; ill-temper; cross; disagreeable. 
Vertigo; heaviness of head ; restless at night, with shivering. 
"Headache; dull, heavy pains in the forehead, right temple, 
and occiput."-Blake. 
"Pain over left eye, contracted feeling in throat; eructations 
followed by diuresis (most specific effect of the drug)."-Dr. Blake. 
"Eyelids inflamed and agglutinated."-Dr. Blake. [Glands 
enlarged.] 
Nostrils sore, with purulent, acrid discharge; chronic catarrh. 940 
URTICA URENS. 
Digestive Organs.-Ulcers in the buccal cavity, with copious 
salivation; accompanied by nausea and great thirst. 
"Vomiting; much nausea; intermittent vomiting, with great 
thirst."-Dr. Blake. 
"Loss of appetite during catamenia."-Dr. Blake. 
"Excessive flatulency in stomach and bowels."-Dr. Blake. 
Excessive thirst very marked symptom, emaciation, diabetes. 
Dyspepsia, intermittent attacks of pain, with sinking at epi- 
gastrium and acid eructations, flatulency and copious urination. 
Has cured several cases of gastric and duodenal ulcers. 
"Abdomen bloated, with slight diarrhoea; sharp colic and 
tenesmus, with burning in the rectum."-Dr. Blake. 
Enteritis and peritonitis, with meteorism ; great prostration. 
Peritonitis followed by copious effusion. 
Generalities.-Bronchitis, with copious mucous expectoration 
and much emaciation; old chronic cases. 
Stiffness of the loins, urine of a fishy odor, and great debility. 
"Extreme languor on rising from bed."-Dr. Blake. 
"The debility caused by Uranium is very marked; and it will 
probably prove a valuable ally in combatting certain forms of 
prostration, resulting from severe organic lesion."-Dr. Blake. 
Great emaciation is a marked symptom of this drug, and is 
well shown in diabetes. 
Tendency to general dropsy; effusions of serum from all of the 
serous membranes, especially pleura and peritoneum. 
URTICA URENS. 
Stinging Nettle. 
Habitat: America,.Europe, etc. Tincture of the fresh plant, Class III. 
Through the posterior spinal end organs, Urtica has four special 
centers of action : 
I. Skin. (Edema; Erysipelatous Inflammation; Urticaria. 
TI. Mucous Membranes. Gastro-Intestinal Inflammation. 
III. Glandular System. Increased Secretion of Milk. 
IV. Vaso-Motor System. Stimulated. 
Skin.-This is the grand center for the action of Urtica urens. 
When taken internally, or applied locally, Urtica produces an in- URTICA URENS. 
941 
flammation very similar to nettle-rash, with great oedema, the 
least puncture causing serum to follow, with suppression of urine. 
In one case of poisoning, it caused: "Pricking heat, numbness, 
burning of the skin of the face, arms, shoulders, and breast; eyes 
puffed, oedematous; on the lips, nose, and ears, vesicular erup- 
tion ; speech became difficult, with extreme anxiety; followed by 
desquamation."-J. G. Houard, M. D. 
Mucous Membranes.-Here it produces gastro-enteritis, dys- 
entery, nausea, vomiting, with fainting, and inflammation of the 
genito-urinary organs. 
Glandular System.-On the mammae, Urtica has a specific 
action. In a case cited by Dr. J. G. Houard, milk was re-estab- 
lished in the woman's breast three years after the birth of the last 
•child, although she never had been able to suckle, no milk having 
been secreted after labor. The breasts were greatly swollen, dis- 
charged at first serum, afterward perfect milk for eight days, in 
large quantities. It has also been reported to have cured goiters. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Skin.-The chief use of Urtica is found in the treatment of 
urticaria, where the skin becomes elevated, with a white central 
spot and a red areola, attended by stinging, burning pains, and 
requires to be rubbed all the time. (Internally and as a cerate.) 
When the eruption looks pale like the stings of nettles, and re- 
quires to be rubbed all the time, Urtica is of great value. 
"As soon as she lay down again, eruption and itching disap- 
peared entirely, and re-appeared immediately after rising again. 
Will only cure when this symptom is prominent."-Dr. Chapusat. 
"The upper part of the body enormously swollen, pale, and 
dropsical, and covered with confluent, small, transparent vesicles, 
filled with serum and sudamina."-Dr. King. 
In anasarca and dropsy following scarlatina, where the kidneys 
are involved, with excessive oedema of the feet. 
It is the most useful remedy we have for scalds and burns, 
where the tissues are not too much destroyed. Use the cerate. 
Extremely distressing burning heat and formication of the 
skin ; the hands and fingers much swollen; erysipelatous inflam- 
mation. 
Digestive Organs.-"Sensation of soreness in the bowels 
while lying down; and on pressure, a sound as if the bowels were 
filled with water."-Dr. Shaw. [Peritonitis followed by effusion.] 942 
USTILAGO MADIS. 
Enteritis, with stools of mucus and blood."-Lippe. 
Diarrhoea in skin diseases, from suppression of the eruption. 
Hemorrhage from the bowels, lungs, or uterus. 
For ascarides with great rectal irritation, the 1st dilution is 
splendid. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Menorrhagia; uterine hemorrhage. 
"Insufficiency or entire want of secretion of milk after partu- 
rition."-Lippe. [Supposed to greatly increase the flow of milk.] 
Leucorrhoea, the discharge being very acrid and excoriating. 
Pruritus vulvae with great stinging and itching; the same with 
the scrotum; with much oedema of the parts. 
Has often cured epistaxis, hsematemesis, and menorrhagia. 
USTILAGO MADIS. 
Smut-corn. 
Habitat: America, Europe, etc. Trituration of the ripe fungus, while fresh. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Ustilago has seven special 
centers of action : 
I. Circulation. Long-Lasting Arterial Capillary Contrac'n. 
II. Veins. Dilatation; Passive Hemorrhages. 
III. Skin. Loss of Hair, Teeth, and Nails. 
IV. Glandular System. Congestion; Hypertrophy. 
V. Cerebro-Spinal System. Congestion; Paralysis. 
VI. Sexual 0., Male. Prostration; Impotence; Neuralgia. 
VII. Sexual 0., F. Oxytocic; Venous Hemorrhages; Ovaralgia. 
Circulation.-Through the cerebro-spinal, and especially the 
vaso-motor, nervous system, Ustilago has a specific action upon 
the arterial and venous capillary blood-vessels. On the arterial 
capillary vessels, it produces long-lasting contraction. This con- 
traction is so great that the arterial blood is finally arrested, and 
the result is complete death of the tissues. Ustilago produces 
great dilatation of the venous capillary vessels, with passive venous 
congestion in all the tissues upon which it acts. 
Ovario-Uterine Organs.-The action of this drug on the 
female sexual organs, is similar in all respects to that of Ergot,. USTILAGO MADIS. 
943 
with this difference: The oxytocic effects of Secale are more power- 
ful than those of the Ustilago; but the passive venous congestion 
of Ustilago is greater than that of Ergot. Ustilago produces 
uterine contractions of much power, and is a grand substitute for 
Ergot, but can not displace it. 
In a cow-house where cowts were fed on Indian corn infested 
with this parasite, eleven of their number aborted in eight days. 
After their food was changed, none of the animals aborted. Six 
drachms given to two bitch dogs with young, soon caused them to 
abort, and fowls fed on this fungus lay eggs without shells. 
Many physicians have reported cases of labor where the uterus 
was in an atonic condition, with very feeble pains. Ustilago was 
given and immediately brought on violent uterine contractions, 
and, some say, more powerful pains than could be produced by 
Ergot; but here they were mistaken. All agree that the lingering 
pains between the contractions are not as great when Ustilago 
is given, as they are when Ergot is administered. The passive 
venous congestion produced in the uterus by Ustilago, is one of 
the most marked effects of the drug. From this congestion, we 
have passive uterine hemorrhages, which may in some cases take 
on an active form. This congestion produces hypertrophy, dis- 
placements, etc. 
Ovaries.-The vascular system of the ovaries is most powerfully 
affected by this drug, producing congestion, enlargement, and 
great irritation, with ovaralgia, dysmenorrhoea, and especially 
menorrhagia ; and the clinical results of this remedy in the above 
affections have been equal to those of any known drug. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-It produces congestion with, first, ex- 
citement, soon followed by great prostration of these organs, with 
complete loss of all sexual desire, neuralgia of the testicles, etc. 
Skin.-Through its action on the arterial and venous vas- 
cular capillaries, Ustilago has a specific and marked action on 
the skin. The whole skin becomes dry, hot, and congested. 
Eruption all over the skin similar to rubeola. By rubbing any 
part of the body a few moments, it would break out 'with this fine 
red eruption. On face and neck, it came in patches like ring- 
worm (herpes circinatus), but not vesicular. The eruption is 
about the size of a pin's head, itches violently at night, and con- 
stantly remains red and hard. The chest and joints are more 
affected than any other parts of the body. The whole scalp be- 
came one filthy mass of inflammation; two-thirds of the hair 944 
USTILAGO MADIS. 
came out; and what was left in was mostly matted together. A 
watery serum kept constantly oozing from the scalp, so profuse as 
to keep the hair constantly wet. 
"Shedding of the hair, both of man and beast, and sometimes 
even of the teeth. Mules fed on it lose their hoofs, and fowls lay 
eggs without shells."-Rawlin. 
"The hair, hoofs, nails, and teeth are but prolongations of the 
true skin. Any drug which profoundly affects the skin, will prob- 
ably affect similar structures. Ustilago appears to act by prefer- 
ence upon the thickest and hardest of the dermoid tissues. Its 
action in this respect resembles the effects of such diseases as 
itchthyosis syphilis, and tuberculosis."-Hale. [It does this by 
its long-lasting vaso-motor spasm driving completely out the 
capillary circulation.] 
Glandular System.-Through its action upon the vascular 
capillaries, it has a marked effect upon the lymphatics, testicles, 
and ovaries, producing irritation and congestion, with all their 
attending symptoms, affecting particularly the functions of the 
lymphatics. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Here its action resembles that of 
Ergot, but is not so powerful. It doubtless acts very similarly to 
Ergot on the spine. Dr. Hale thinks it acts on the trophic nerve- 
cells in a special manner. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Before giving the therapeutics of Ustilago, I wish to impress 
upon the minds of those that use the drug, the fact that the rem- 
edy should not be over one year old; for it rapidly deteriorates 
by age, similarly to Ergot. The fungus should be gathered in the 
fall, just before the frost touches it, and thoroughly triturated. 
A tincture can also be made of it according to Class III.; but I 
prefer the triturations. A saccharated extract would be just 
what we want. 
Head.-Very sad, cries frequently, and is excessively pros- 
trated from sexual abuse and loss of semen. Sleep restless. 
Sexual dreams with emissions, followed by great prostration. 
Great depression of mind is a marked effect of Ustilago. 
Frontal headache, aggravated by walking. 
Feeling of fullness of head, with dull, pressive frontal headache. 
Violent frontal headache; as if the forehead would burst open. USTILAGO MADIS. 
945 
Sharp flying pains in the forehead; congestion of the brain. 
The whole scalp is hot, dry, and congested, with loss of all the 
hair in both man and animals (alopecia). 
Scald head; two-thirds of the scalp one filthy mass of inflam- 
mation, with loss of most of the hair; a watery serum constantly 
oozing from the scalp, was a marked effect on one lady. 
Eyes.-Aching in the eyeballs, with profuse secretion of tears ; 
■dull aching pain in the right eyeball; smarting of the eyes, with 
profuse secretion of tears in the open air. 
Dryness of the nostrils as if he had taken cold. 
Constant dull pain in the left ear, caused by extension of in- 
flammation of the tonsils along the Eustachian tube. 
Burning sensation of the face and scalp, from congestion. 
Mouth.-Slimy, coppery taste is a prominent symptom. 
Constant dull aching pain in the first and second upper mo- 
lars ; they are decayed and have ached before. 
"Shedding of the teeth."-Rawlin. [In animals.] 
Prickling sensation in the tongue, with a feeling as if some- 
thing was under the roots of the tongue pressing upward. 
Dryness of the fauces, with difficult deglutition. 
Congestion and inflammation of the tonsils, left one greatly 
enlarged, of a dark color, accompanied with dull pain, much 
aggravated by swallowing; chronic cases. 
Feeling as if there was a lump behind the larynx, which pro- 
duces constant inclination to swallow; catarrhal inflammation. 
Dryness of the fauces, with a burning distress in the stomach. 
Gastric Symptoms.-Loss of appetite, or canine hunger, with 
thirst at night; indigestion; gastralgia. 
Eructations of the ingesta : eructations of food strongly acid. 
Very faint feeling a number of times in the epigastrium, with 
pain in the region of the liver and bowels. 
Constant distress in the region of the stomach; burning dis- 
tress in the stomach, probably from excessive acidity. 
Burning distress in the sternum and stomach, accompanied 
with fine neuralgic pains in the same region, lasting about three 
minutes at a time; come on every ten or fifteen minutes for sev- 
eral hours ; sharp cutting pains in the stomach, with much burn- 
ing distress in the epigastrium. 
Abdomen.-Grumbling pains in the abdomen all the after- 
noon, followed by dry, hard stool; fine cutting, colicky pains 946 
USTILAGO MADIS. 
every few minutes all day, relieved by a hard, constipated stool, 
followed by dull distress in the bowels. 
Constipation of the bowels; stools dry, lumpy, and black; or 
the bowels may be natural; more apt to be constipated. 
Good deal of pain for two days in the region of the liver. 
Dull pain in the right hypochondrium, with distress in the- 
small intestines ; indigestion and constipation. 
The abdominal symptoms caused by Ustilago are mostly 
located in the epigastrium and right hypochondrium. 
Urinary Organs.-Urine red and scanty, diminished one-half; 
copious flow of colorless urine ; hysterical subjects. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Sexual dreams every night, with emis- 
sions, followed by great mental prostration. 
Sexual dreams, followed the next day with great physical pros- 
tration ; pain in the lumbar region; great despondency and irri- 
tability. (It is of much value in chronic spermatorrhcea.) 
Profound prostration of the sexual organs for weeks; the scro- 
tum is relaxed, with cold sweat upon it most of the time. 
Neuralgia of the testicles; spells of violent pains in the testi- 
cles, more in the right; every five minutes sharp pains in the tes- 
ticles that produce faintness; constant aching distress in the 
right testicle for days (marked symptom in my proving). 
Of much value in chronic orchitis, neuralgia, and irritable tes- 
ticle ; indurated testicle and spermatorrhcea. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Here is the most useful center for 
Ustilago. As a uterine motor, no remedy excels it excepting Er- 
got ; and its indications are the same as those for the use of Er- 
got, i. e., the os uteri is dilated and relaxed, the pains feeble from 
inertia of the uterus. From one-teaspoonful doses of the Fluid 
Extract, regular intermittent contractions every three or four 
minutes will take place in from fifteen to twenty minutes, and 
continue from two to four hours. The pains of Ustilago are more 
intermittent, like labor-pains, and not so tonic as those of Ergot. 
In ovarian irritation, ovaritis, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, 
menses premature, retarded, too scanty, too short, suppressed, 
menopausis, menorrhagia, and metrorrhagia, Ustilago has given 
great satisfaction, and in menorrhagia and metrorrhagia from 
chronic uterine congestion, with great relaxation and a general 
atonic condition of the genitalia; the blood is dark colored, and 
the hemorrhage of a passive nature. In such cases, no remedy 
will do better than the Ustilago. USTILAGO MADIS. 
947 
Dr. J. H. Woodbury says: "It controls uterine hemorrhage and 
induces uterine contractions in a manner similar to Ergot, but not 
with the same promptness or vigor. Ustilago is pre-eminently 
the Ergot of chronic uterine hemorrhages and passive congestions, 
where for many days there has been a slow but persistent oozing 
of dark blood with small black coagulae; when the finger, upon 
being withdrawn from the vaginal examination, is covered with a 
dark, semifluid blood, as though partial disorganization had taken 
place; when the uterus is enlarged, the cervix tumefied, and the 
os somewhat dilated, but swollen and flabby, indicating that the 
whole organ is in a most passive and congested state; when, in 
spite of all treatment, the blood continues to ooze day after day, 
simply from lack of some means of overcoming its 'invincible in- 
ertia.' Ustilago in such cases is a remedy of most gratifying 
promptness and efficiency. It will not only control the hemor- 
rhage, but remove the entire pathological condition upon which 
the hemorrhage depended." 
It will also cure, if given in large doses, many cases of active 
and constant flooding, with frequent clots of bright red blood, with 
hard bearing-down pains, by producing arterial capillary con- 
traction. 
Menorrhagia at the climacteric, from ovarian irritation, burn- 
ing distress in the right ovary; flooding lasts for weeks; blood 
dark colored, with many clots; vertigo, with much pain on the 
top and side of the head, and a great gone feeling in the epigas- 
trium. Portal congestion. 
Menstruation too frequent, too profuse, and lasts too long. 
Suppressio mensium from ovarian inertia; much pain in the 
ovarian region; flatulence, and great soreness of the bowels. 
Ovarian dysmenorrhoea, with severe pains in the ovaries, 
uterus, and back, every few minutes; spasmodic pains in the left 
ovary, which is very sore and. tender. 
Abortion with bearing-down pains as if everything would come 
from her; in flabby constitutions. 
Ovaritis, constant pain in the ovary, with sharp pains passing 
down the leg rapidly; ovary much swollen and very tender, with 
scanty menstruation. Atonic constitutions. 
Intermittent neuralgia of the left ovary, which is as large as a 
hen's egg, and very tender to the touch. (Large doses.) 
Vertigo at the climacteric, with too frequent and too profuse 
menstruation; accompanied with frequent flushing. 
Between the menses, constant misery under the left breast. 
Vicarious menstruation from the lungs and bowels. USTILAGO MADIS. 
948 
Nervous headache,-menstrual irregularities; atonic females. 
Hypertrophy and sub-involution of the uterus, with great atony. 
Has acted favorably in fibroids, and cured induration of the os. 
A tendency to miscarriage from general atony of the uterus. 
In post-partum hemorrhages from & flabby, atonic condition of 
the uterus, Ustilago is of great value. 
In scarcity of milk, Ustilago has acted well. 
Puerperal peritonitis, with constant flooding; high fever; 
secretions very putrid; Abdomen excessively tender and tym- 
panitic, from abortion. (Ustilago has cured several cases.) 
Back.-Dull aching pains in the shoulder-joints. 
Severe rheumatic pains in the lumbar region, aggravated by 
walking; aching distress in the small of the back. 
Arms.-Severe rheumatic pains in the muscles of the right 
shoulder, lasted all night; muscular rheumatism. 
Rheumatic pains in the arms, hands, and fingers, lasted a week. 
Dull rheumatic pains in the right elbow-joint, worse on motion. 
Severe drawing pains in the joints of all the fingers; fine, 
sticking pains along the metacarpal bone of right forefinger every 
few seconds; sharp, cutting pains along the metacarpal bones of 
right hand ; loss of the finger-nails. 
Legs.-Rheumatic pains in the legs ; flying, rheumatic pains 
in the metatarsal bones of the right foot. 
Skill.-The whole skin is dry, hot, and congested. 
Chronic urticaria, with intolerable itching at night. 
Copper-colored spots on the skin ; secondary syphilis ; maculae. 
In pustular ulceration of the skin, scald head, and various 
forms of eczema, Ustilago has done good service. 
Painful destructive diseases of the nails; loss of the hair. 
Alopecia; complete loss of hair from long-lasting congestion 
of the scalp ; tendency to small boils ; skin dry and hot. 
Aggravation.-From motion. 
Amelioration.-During rest. VALERIANA. 
949 
VALERIANA. 
Valeriana Officinalis. 
Habitat: Europe, etc. Tincture of the dried root, Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Coff. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Valeriana has six special cen- 
ters of action: 
I. Cerebro-S. System. Hysterical Hypercesthesia; Spasms. 
II. Digestive Organs. Stimulation. 
III. Kidneys. Diuretic; Urine Loaded with Phosphates. 
IV. Sexual 0., Female. Aphrodisiac; Neurasthenia; Hysteria. 
V. Circulation. Excited; Temperature Increased. 
VI. Eyes. Mydriasis; Fiery Flashes. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-"Valerian appears to exert a direct 
influence on the nervous centers, of the same kind as, but more 
enduring than, that of Ambra, Asafoetida, Moschus, and other 
nervines. It especially affects the brain and the organs of sense. 
It causes giddiness, headache, and mental excitement, with (as 
Heberden observed) 'agitation and hurry of spirit.'"-Hughes. 
"Berbier gives an account of a patient in the Hotel Dieu, of 
Amiens, who, after taking six drachms of Valerian daily for some 
time, woke up delirious, fancying that the side of the ward oppo- 
site to where he lay was in flames. Other patients who had taken 
the medicine, imagined that flashes of fire darted from their eyes. 
When taken in large doses, there can be no doubt that Valerian 
causes headache, hallucinations, with much mental excitement. 
The headache often shifts to the left side, but retains its original 
character. "-Phillips. 
Eyes.-Large doses produce sparks and flashes of light, even 
to the extent of objects seeming to be on fire; the pupils extremely 
and fixedly dilated. 
Spine.-Valerian acts more powerfully on the motor nerves, 
but also affects the sensory, as shown by lively formication of the 
hands and feet, and a sensation about the head and spine which 
has been compared to the aura epileptica. 950 
VALERIANA. 
From its action on the motor nerves we have restlessness and 
spasmodic movements of the limbs; staggering gait, and finally 
complete prostration of the motor end organs. 
Circulation.-"The action upon the circulation is chiefly 
shown in those of its morbid states in which the pulse becomes 
frequent and feeble, denoting the exhaustion which succeeds an 
over-excited state of the nervous system; under these circum- 
stances, it renders the pulse less frequent, and at the same time 
stronger. "-Stille. 
In large doses, the action of the heart is increased, the tem- 
perature of the surface rises, and diaphoresis occurs. 
Sexual Organs.-These organs are greatly excited by Valerian, 
producing all kinds of hysterical symptoms. 
Dr. Ludlarn thinks it has some specific action upon the ovaries. 
I believe it causes neurasthenia of the sexual organs of women, 
and that this explains all of its hysterical actions. It excites the 
sexual passions of cats to a remarkable degree. Foy says: "Cats 
discover it by the smell at a long distance. They are seen rolling 
themselves upon the plant, and are heard mewing and purring in 
the most extraordinary manner. After a while they are seized 
with spasms and convulsions, and at last expire in a kind of 
voluptuous frenzy." 
Digestive Organs.-Stille says: "Two drachms at a single 
dose generally occasion a sense of heat and warmth in the abdo- 
men, eructations, hiccough, and frequently vomiting, colic, and 
diarrhoea, with some excitement of the circulation." Moderate 
doses increase the appetite and improve the digestion. Large 
doses kill rabbits by producing gastro-enteritis. 
Kidneys.-"The desire to urinate is one of the results of tak- 
ing Valerian in an overdose. Micturition not only becomes more 
frequent and profuse, but the fluid is generally turbid; deposits 
' a bran-like sediment,' a ' brick-red sediment,' or a slimy sediment, 
which seems to dissolve after shaking the vessel."-Phillips. ' 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Nervous Affections.-This is one of our most reliable rem- 
edies in hysteria. In hysterical females, where the intellectual 
faculties predominate, it is of great value ; when we find excessive 
nervous excitability; hysterical spasms ; fearfulness, and tremu- 
lousness, with palpitation of the heart. In all diseases where 
Valerian is indicated, the hysterical element predominates. VALERIANA. 
951 
"Nervous affections occurring in excitable temperaments. In 
hypochondriasis it calms the nervousness, abates the excitement 
■of the circulation, removes the wakefulness, promotes sleep, and 
induces sensations of quietude and comfort; sadness is removed. 
In globus, in all asthmatical and hysterical coughs, and nervous 
palpitation of the heart; profuse flow of limpid urine."-Phillips. 
Mind and Head.-Great melancholy and irritability; morose, 
easily exasperated. 
"Vertigo, with a sensation as if flying."-Dr. Jessen. 
"Ecstacy, mild delirium, with great excitement and trembling; 
erroneous ideas; thinks she is some one else, moves to edge of 
bed to make room; imagines animals lying near her which she 
fears may hurt; during typhoid fever."-Hg. [Or hysteria.] 
Hysteria, passes quickly from one subject to another. 
"Headaches appearing suddenly, or in jerks ; pressing as from 
a stupefying constriction in the forehead, drawing into orbits; 
face pale; worse evening, at rest, and in open air; better from 
movement, in the room and from motion."-Hg. 
"Violent pressure in the forehead, followed in a few minutes 
by sticking in the forehead, especially over the orbits; soon the 
sticking changes again to pressure, and so on in constant alterna- 
tion ; the sticking is like a darting tearing, as if it would pierce 
the eyes from within outward."-Stapf. 
Sensation in the head of great coldness; hysterical subjects. 
Eyes.-"Smarting in the eyes as if caused by smoke; pres- 
sure in the eyes; margin of the lids swollen and sore."-Gross. 
Frequent flashes of light before the eyes, with dilated pupils. 
Nervous diseases of the eyes that are long lasting; the eye has 
a wild look, and the sight is much confused ; hysteria. 
Ears.-Nervous affections of the ears, with ringing, jerking, 
and cramping pains, and hissing sounds; hyperaesthesia. 
Face.-"Cheeks red and hot, especially in the open air."-Hg. 
"Facial pains appearing suddenly in jerks ; spasmodic twitch- 
ing and drawing in the cheek bones."-Hg. [Hysterical women.] 
"Fierce pains through the left side of face, darting into teeth 
and ear; muscles twitch; hysterical neuralgia."-Hg. 
"White blisters, with elevated red base, on the cheeks and 
upper lip, painful to touch."-Hg. 
Mouth and Throat.-White lips, body icy cold, with faintness. 
Tongue thickly coated, with taste as of rancid tallow. 952 
VALERIANA. 
"Stinging pain in the teeth; bad taste in the mouth."-Hg. 
"Feels a sensation as if a thread was hanging down in the 
throat, with tickling deep in the throat."-G. [Characteristic.] 
"Sensation as of something warm rising in the throat, arrest- 
ing breathing."-G. [Globus hystericus. Marked symptom.] 
"Voracious hunger with nausea."-Hg. [Fitful appetite.] 
Stomach.-"Eructations like putrid eggs, morning on waking; 
heartburn, gulping of rancid fluid, which does not rise into the 
mouth."-Hg. [Chronic dyspepsia.] 
"Nausea, with sensation as from a string hanging down the 
throat; profuse ptyalism."-Hg. [Very characteristic.] 
"Pressing aching in the pit of the stomach as from something 
forcing a passage through it; neuralgia of the limbs ; spasms of 
the stomach, in lymphatic, hysterical females, difficult breathing; 
faintness and great tympanitis."-Hg. 
For flatulence of the hysterical and hypochondriacal, Valerian 
is a specific; the abdomen is hard and distended. 
"Colic; hysterical, especially evenings in bed; after dinner; 
from haemorrhoids, and worms."-Hg. [Excessive flatulence.] 
Stools.-"Thin, watery diarrhoea, with lumps of coagulated 
milk; greenish, papescent stool; with blood; constant pressing 
and violent screaming; especially in children."-Hg. 
Urine.-Nervous, hysterical urine, flow copious. 
"During urination, much straining and prolapsus recti, with 
red or white sediment."-Hg. [Nervous people.] 
Sexual Organs, Female.-"Menses too late and scanty."-Hg. 
Hysterical spasms at the appearance of the menses. 
"The child vomits as soon as it nurses; after the mother has 
been angry."-Hg. [Excessively hysterical.] 
Respiratory Organs.-Hysteria, dyspnoea, and chorea. 
"Choking in throat-pit on point of falling asleep ; she awakens 
as if suffocating; respirations grow less deep and more rapid 
until they cease; then she catches her breath with a sobbing 
effort; so on in spells ; asthma."-Hg. 
"Frequent jerks and stitches in the chest, with a sensation as 
if something pressed out; worse in lower part of chest."-Hg. 
"Stitches in region of heart; pulse rapid, tense or feeble."-Hg. 
Back.-Rheumatic pain in the shoulder-blades, darting along 
the arms, shoulders, and face; hysterical neuralgia. VALERIANA. 
953 
"Pain in the loins as from cold or over-lifting."-Lippe. 
"Spine irritated, in beginning of typhoid fever."-Hg. 
Limbs.-Neuralgia, the pain is unbearable. Sciatica. "The 
pain is unbearable while standing, with a feeling as if the thigh 
would break off."-Raue. [Hysterical debility.] 
"Acute crampy, tearing pain in posterior muscles, especially 
those of calf; better in the morning, and from rubbing; worse 
toward evening and when quiet."-Hg. [Neurasthenia.] 
"Rheumatic pains in limbs, rarely in joints; worse during 
rest; better from motion; arms at rest jerk and twitch."-Hg. 
Hysteria, with over-sensitiveness of all the senses. 
Fever.-"Short chill; long-lasting heat; dull headache; thirst 
with fainting during the chill."-Hg. [Very nervous people.] 
Long-lasting heat; worse evenings ; neuralgia of the limbs and 
restlessness; great thirst with the fever; indigestion. 
"Profuse perspiration, especially at night; and from exertion, 
with violent thirst."-Hg. [From great debility.] 
Frequent sudden attacks of perspiration, especially on the 
face, which again disappears suddenly, in hysterical women. 
Flushings of the face at the climacteric, with faintness, dysp- 
noea, cold perspiration, great restlessness, despondency, and great 
weaknes 
The hysterical element predominates in all diseases in which 
this drug is called for; and I most always use the Valerinate of 
Zinc, instead of the Valeriana. 
Aggravation.-From evening till midnight; after sleep and 
rest. The neuralgia is greatly aggravated by rest, and standing; 
relieved by rubbing. 
Amelioration.-From motion; after midnight, and from 
walking. 954 
VERATRUM ALBUM. 
VERATRUM ALBUM. 
White Hellebore. 
Habitat: Europe, Asia, etc. Tincture of the dried root. Class IV. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Coff., Aeon., Cinch., Ars., Ferr. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Veratrum has five special 
centers of action: 
I. Mucous M. (Gastro-Intestinal). Congestion,- Inflammation. 
II. Pneumogastric N. Viol. Choleraic Vom.; Watery Diarrhoea. 
III. Heart. Blood-Pressure Lessened; Collapse and Death. 
IV. Temperature. Greatly Lessened. 
V. Cerebro-Spinal System. (Motor Tract.) Spasms; Paralysis. 
Gastro-Intestinal Canal.-The picture Veratrum album pre- 
sents is decidedly choleraic. "There is general coldness, with 
prostration going on to collapse, embarrassed circulation, copious 
watery vomiting and purging, cramps in the extremities, and 
severe spasmodic colic. The vomiting and purging of Veratrum 
are specific; appearing, however the poison may have been 
introduced into the system. The more recent investigations of 
Schroff have further proved that these evacuations do not depend 
upon gastro-enteritis; as Veratrum, when introduced directly 
into the circulation, causes no inflammation, and even when 
swallowed produces at most a transient hyperaemia of the parts 
with which it comes in contact. If its action becomes more in- 
tensified, it causes a rapid degeneration of the gastric mucous 
membrane, but no gastro-enteritis."-Hughes. 
We do not agree with Schroff, in the statement that Veratrum 
does not produce gastro-intestinal inflammation, but believe, with 
Drs. C. L. Mitchell and Aulmont, that it does produce inflamma- 
tion. "According to the latter, the chief difference in the action 
of Veratrum album and the Viride, is in the intensity of the ac- 
tion of Veratrum album upon the alimentary canal, and the in- 
duction by it of violent inflammation of the whole alimentary 
mucous membrane; and death is much more apt to result from 
Veratrum album than from Veratrum viride." VERATRUM ALBUM. 
955 
Heart and Circulation.-In cases of human poisoning with 
Veratrum album, in addition to the excessive vomiting, severe 
abdominal pain, and diarrhoea, there is "very pronounced reduc- 
tion of temperature and pulse, being sometimes rapid 
and almost imperceptible in the advanced stages, and finally be- 
coming extinct, with sunken eyes, contracted, anxious counte- 
nance ; a cold, clammy skin, with profuse perspiration, and other 
evidences of collapse ; the mind remaining clear until the last."- 
I Food. 
"The influence of Veratrine on the heart is very complicated. 
In the first place, the cardiac muscle suffers the same changes as 
the other muscles; and this would suffice in itself to account for 
the most of the symptoms. The heart, excised, and separated 
from all extrinsic nervous influence, when acted upon by the 
Veratrine, at first contracts more frequently and powerfully; later 
on, the contractions diminish in both frequency and force, till 
they cease altogether, and can not be renewed by direct irritation. 
It is highly probable that the intrinsic cardiac motor nerve cen- 
ters take the same share in this process as the muscles; but the 
regulatory cardiac nerves are also affected by the poison. The 
vagus is excited at its origin by small doses of the poison. Thus, 
in the frog and the rabbit, a retardation of pulsation has been 
observed, which after section of the vagus gives place to an ac- 
celeration. But the cardiac extremities also of the vagus are at 
first excited, and afterward paralyzed. The ultimate result of 
the action of Veratrine on the heart is, therefore, complete pa- 
ralysis. In the early stages of the action of Veratrine, an increase 
of blood-pressure is often noticed, together with acceleration of 
cardiac pulsation; but later on, there is a constant decrease of 
blood-pressure. This is attributable to the condition of the vessels ; 
for, according to Bezold and Hirt, these are first stimulated and 
contracted through their vaso-motor center by the poison, and 
later on they are paralyzed and dilated."-Prof. H. von Boeck. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Through these nerves, Veratrum 
acts especially upon the muscular system. 
"The investigations of Bezold and Hirt show that Veratrine 
at first increases and afterward diminishes muscular excitability. 
A muscle poisoned by Veratrine reacts for a long time to direct or 
indirect irritation by a twitching, which at the first glance might 
be mistaken for tetanus, but which is quite different in its course, 
and can be excited by very few poisons except Veratrine. The 
Veratrinized muscle generates much more heat upon simple irri- 956 
VERATRUM ALBUM. 
tation than the healthy muscle. The action of the Veratrum 
mainly affects the muscles; and its influence on the motor nerves 
is comparatively subordinate. This influence of Veratrine on the 
muscles explains, at least partially, the phenomenon of muscular 
contraction. Another cause of these convulsions lies in the ac- 
tion of the poison on the motor nerve center, the convulsions all 
being central in action."-Ziemssen. 
Dr. Hughes thinks the spasms are due to a direct action of 
the drug upon the muscular substance. They are a primary ex- 
pression of a toxic influence, which soon goes on to paralysis. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
General Indications.-"Sudden sinking of innervation, 
causing loss of power to control one's movements ; staggers about; 
feels dizzy; vision becomes obscure, and complete extinction of 
nervous power is going on at a fearful rate."-Hempel. 
Mind and Head.-Cold sweat on the forehead, with anguish 
and fear of death; wanders about the house; is very taciturn; 
demented ; headache causing delirium. 
Puerperal mania and convulsions, with violent cerebral con- 
gestion ; bluish and bloated face; protruded eyes; wild shrieks, 
with disposition to tear and bite. 
Excessive mirthfulness; collapse of pulse; cold sweat on the 
forehead ; expression of fright; nnxiety and stertorous breathing. 
"Attacks of pain, with delirium, driving to madness."-Hg. 
"Disposed to talk about the faults of others, or silence; but, if 
irritated, scolding and calling names."-Hg. 
"She is inconsolable over a fancied misfortune, runs about the 
room howling and screaming; or sits brooding, wailing and 
weeping, and is inconsolable."-Hah. 
"Blood rushes violently to the head on stooping; headache, 
with vomiting of green mucus; headache in the vertex like a flat- 
tening, which becomes throbbing on movement."-Hah. 
Vertigo in drunkards, opium-eaters, or those who use tobacco, 
characterized by sudden faintings, collapse of pulse ; loss of vision ; 
cold sweat on forehead; nervous headache at each menstruation. 
"Sick-headache, in which diuresis forms a crisis."-F. 
"Sensation as if a lump of ice was on top of head."-Baue. 
"Sensation as if a bunch of hair were electrified ; crawling and 
bristling of the hair, with coldness of the scalp."-Hah. 
Face.-Cold, collapsed face; pinched-up, bluish nose; dry 
and cracked lips; lock-jaw; grating of the teeth, with cold sweat 
on the forehead. VERATRUM ALBUM. 
957 
"While in bed, face is red; after getting up, it becomes pale; 
neck too weak to hold up the head, particularly in children with 
whooping-cough."-Hg. 
"Leaden color of the face, with frequent nausea and vomiting, 
and great exhaustion."-G. 
Eyes.-Pupils contracted, with diplopia and photophobia. 
Hemeralopia, with great dryness of the lids, and diarrhoea. 
Eyes distorted, fixed, sunken, lusterless, surrounded by dark 
rings, in intestinal and choleraic diseases. 
Nose.-Nose grows more pointed; face and mouth icy cold. 
Epistaxis, from right side, especially at night. 
The inside of the nose and throat feel too dry. 
Mouth.-Tongue cold; voice feeble in choleraic diseases. 
Great dryness of the mouth; dry, blackish, cracked tongue, or 
coated yellow, with red tip and edges. 
Burning in the mouth and throat, with profuse flow of saliva. 
Throat dry and burning, with scraping in the throat. 
Unquenchable desire for cold drinks; wants everything cold. 
"Thirst, with craving for the coldest drinks."-G. 
Aversion to warm drinks ; flat, sweetish taste. 
Stomach.-Craves fruits, juicy food, or salty things. 
"Frequent nausea or vomiting, with leaden color of the face, 
and cold perspiration, especially on the forehead."-G. 
Motion, or the least quantity of liquid, excites nausea and vio- 
lent vomiting. 
Nausea, with profuse salivation and violent thirst. 
Violent, forcible, excessive vomiting of food, of green mucus, 
of slimy, acid, foamy mucus; of bile and blood, with continued 
nausea; fainting, and excessive prostration. 
Burning and oppression in the epigastrium; irritation and 
neuralgia of the coeliac plexus; nausea and vomiting; great pros- 
tration and cold perspiration. 
"Violent pressure in the pit of the stomach, which extends 
into the sternum, the hypochondriac region, and as far as the ilia, 
with violent vomiting."-Hah. 
Abdomen.-Terrible colic; violent nausea, and vomiting, with 
copious watery diarrhoea and great prostration. 
Colicodynia, with sensation as if the bowels were tied up in 
knots; the suffering causes cold sweat on the forehead. 
Burning in the bowels like hot coals; much flatulence and 
great tenderness of the abdomen. 958 
VERATRUM ALBUM. 
Stool.-"As the autumn comes on, when vomiting is super- 
added to the purging, and when the intestinal evacuations are 
expelled in a forcible gush, with little or no griping; colic often 
associated with hiccough, and a sensation of suffocation in the 
chest. "-Hughes. 
Very exhausting, copious, involuntary watery diarrhoea, ex- 
pelled with great force; great weakness after every stool, with 
cold sweat on the forehead. 
Involuntary watery diarrhoea without the patient's knowledge, 
with hippocratic countenance, and cold extremities. 
"Frequent violent diarrhoea, profuse and painful."-Hah. 
"Constipation on account of the hardness and large size of the 
stools; can not be expelled."-Hah. [Paralysis.] 
Urinary Organs.-Urine scanty; red; often suppressed in 
choleraic diseases; during coughing and typhoid fever, it is often 
involuntary. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Nymphomania, from unsatisfied 
passion or mental causes; puerperal mania. 
"Dysmenorrhoea, with vomiting and purging; or exhausting 
diarrhoea, with cold sweat, especially on the forehead."-Hg. 
Menses too early, too profuse, and very exhausting. 
Respiratory Organs.-Cold breath, with great prostration, 
and cold perspiration on the forehead. 
Spasmodic loose cough, with blue face; suffocation; retching. 
Veratrum is not called for until the second or loose stage of ca- 
tarrh, when the mucus is secreted in great quantities, and the 
spasmodic element prevails; this rattling mucus is expectorated 
with great difficulty. 
Capillary bronchitis; blue face; cedema of the lungs, and 
great fear of suffocation. 
"Asthma in damp, cold weather; in early morning; better on 
throwing the head back; inclination for motion, with cold sweat 
of upper part of body."-Hg. 
Constriction of the larynx; suffocative fits; spasm of glottis. 
Heart.-"Palpitation; anxiety; rapid respiration."-Becher. 
"Violent bpating of the heart, which moves the ribs."-Hah. 
' Very slow pulse, which is almost lost; irregular; intermittent. 
Oppression of the chest about the heart, with dyspnoea and 
anguish. 
"Palpitation in the anaemic ; agony of death ; legs cold; diffi- 
cult breathing; better at rest or lying down."-Hg. [Cholera.] VERATRUM ALBUM. 
959 
Neck and Back.-Neck so weak the child can scarcely keep 
it erect. 
"The muscles of the nape of the neck seem paralyzed."- Hah. 
"Rheumatism between the scapulae; from nape of neck to the 
small of the back; burning along the spine."-Hah. 
Upper Extremities.-Hands blue and icy cold, in cholera. 
"Arms feel cold and too full, when raising them; neuralgia of 
brachial nerve; arms tremble much."-Hg. 
"Crawling in the hands, as if they had been asleep."-Hah. 
Lower Extremities.-Great weakness of all the limbs. 
"Walking very difficult; like paralysis, changes from hip to 
hip."-Hah. 
"Cramp in calves; pain in shin bones, as if broken."-Hah. 
Trembling of the limbs ; spasms ; great debility following. 
"Complete muscular prostration; rapid sinking of all the 
forces; he sinks down completely exhausted; great paleness of the 
face."-Hah. 
Sudden swelling of the feet; they are cold and anasarcous. 
Skin.-Skin blue, purple, cold; wrinkled (cholera). 
Scarlatina; measles, eruption tardy; nausea, vomiting, and 
great prostration. 
Skin livid, cold; pulse thready; drowsy, and very restless. 
Fever.-Fevers with great coldness externally, and violent in- 
ternal heat; pulse thread-like; great craving for cold drinks; 
people who are habitually cold and deficient in vital reaction. 
Chill and coldness predominate, with cold sweat on forehead. 
Intermittents, with coldness overshadowing everything, and 
great thirst; congestive in nature, relieved by warmth; chilliness 
runs from head to feet; sweat, with deathly pale face; pneumo- 
gastric nerve involved, with nausea; violent vomiting; diarrhcea, 
and great prostration. 
Sweat cold, clammy; offensive, bitter smelling, or staining 
yellow; always with deathly pale face."-Hg. 
Copious cold, clammy sweat with every stool; in cholera. 
Cold sweats, and vomiting of mucus, with cholera morbus, 
In most all gastric diseases calling for this drug, there will be 
found cold sweat upon the forehead. 
Aggravation.-After drinking, or eating ice-cream; before 
and during stool; on rising; morning and evening. 
Amelioration.-While sitting and lying; in the open air, and 
during the day. 960 
VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
Green Hellebore. 
Habitat: America, etc. Tincture of the dried root (green is better), Class IV. I always use 
Squibb's Fluid Extract. Norwood's Saturated Tincture can not compare with it. 
Antidotes.-Stimulants, Ether, Caps., Injections of Ammonia, Op., Amyl nit. 
Through the cerebro-spinal nervous system, Veratrum viride has 
sixteen special centers of action : 
I. Cord (Anterior). Muscular Paral.; Loss of Reflex Action. 
II. Cord (Posterior). Slight Anaesthesia', Neuralgia. 
III. Vagi. Paralysis; Death from Asphyxia. 
IV. Stomach. Violent Emesis, with Hiccough; Inflammation. 
V. Liver. Through Vagi, Increased Secretions; Inflammation. 
VI. Intestines. Venous Congestion; Constipation. 
VII. Kidneys. Slightly Diuretic. Uric Acid Increased. 
Inhib. Card. Nerves, (1) Stimul., (2) Paralyzed. 
Ganglia Paralyzed; Blood-Pressure Lessened. 
Pulsation Lowered 35 to 50; Greatly Weakened. 
VIII. Heart. 
IX. Vaso-Motor Nerve Centers. Paral.; Capillaries Dilated. 
X. Temperature. Greatly Lowered, 2° to 5° C. 
XI. Skin. Diaphoresis. Slightly Ancesthetic. Erythema. 
XII. Eyes. Mydriasis from Paralysis of Third Nerve. 
XIII. Ears. Auditory Nerve Paralyzed. 
XIV. Lungs. Sthenic Congestion; Inflammation. 
XV. Sexual 0., Female. Intense Congestion. 
XVI. Mucous Membranes. Catarrhal Inflammation. 
Cerebro-Spinal Nervous System.-The action of Veratrum 
viride upon the brain is to utterly prostrate its function, and 
thereby produce intense arterial capillary congestion. On the 
contrary, Belladonna produces its congestion by exciting the cere- 
bral functions. In animals experimented upon with this drug by 
myself, the microscopical examination of the brain which was 
made by my friend Dr. C. Adams, revealed intense capillary con- VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
961 
gestion of both the white fibrous structure and gray cineritous 
substance ; there being more congestion in the cerebellum than in 
the cerebrum. We found great congestion of the pons. Noth- 
nagel says: "The convulsive center is located in a limited space, 
on the floor of the fourth ventricle, in the pons Varolii." This 
solves the problem why Veratrum viride is so valuable in spasms 
of a congestive character. In puerperal convulsions that have for 
their origin some emotional cause, accompanied with excessive 
cerebral hypersemia, no known remedy can equal the Veratrum 
viride. The same may be said of sudden congestive eclampsia of 
children. "On account of the violence of the convulsions, it has 
been asserted that Veratrum viride is a spinal excitant. The 
convulsions are, however, really of brain, and not of spinal origin, 
as they do not follow poisoning by Veratrum viride when the cord 
has been previously cut."-Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Cord.-Veratrum viride contains two Alkaloids, Jervia and 
Veratroidia. Their action being so similar, I shall not hesitate to 
write them up together. This drug has a powerful depressant 
action upon the motor nervous system, generally producing com- 
plete paralysis of the whole motor apparatus; but, in some cases, 
violent spasms are prominent symptoms. The spasms are both 
tonic and clonic; frequently come on like galvanic shocks. "In 
frogs, as well as in the higher animals, poisoned with Jervia, 
there is a very marked diminution, and finally abolition, of reflex 
activity; and, as the functions of neither peripheral nerves nor 
muscles are interfered with, it is evident that the Alkaloid is an 
intensely powerful spinal depressant. The general symptoms 
produced by Veratroidia resemble those caused by Jervia; but it 
is decidedly more irritating than the latter, and always produces 
vomiting, and occasionally purging. In poisoning by it, there 
is in most cases some muscular twitching, and finally marked 
convulsions ; but neither of these are so severe and so repeated as 
in the case of Viridia. Death takes place from asphyxia, due to 
paralysis of the respiratory muscles. Upon the spinal cord, the 
peripheral nerves, and the muscles, Veratroidia acts very much 
as does Jervia, being a decided spinal depressant."-Dr. H. C. 
Wood. 
Medulla Oblongata.-The most of the action of Veratrum vir- 
ide is spent upon the medulla oblongata. Paralysis of its functions 
are prominently portrayed in all animals, and in men, poisoned 
with this drug. The medulla is the center that controls respira- 
tion ; and no remedy interferes with respiration as a depressant 962 
VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
more than this. A marked feature of Veratrum viride is its 
action upon the pneumogastric nerve, paralyzing its functions 
and producing congestion and inflammation in every organ and 
tissue to which it is distributed; indeed, its therapeutic power in 
congestion and inflammation is mainly shown in the organs and 
tissues that are under the immediate control of the par vagum. 
Nerves of Sensation.-The action of Veratrum viride upon the 
posterior portion of the cord is nothing like as marked as upon 
the anterior portion; but it does produce slight anaesthesia. When 
given in neuralgia and rheumatism, it allays the pain and hyper- 
esthesia with great celerity. 
Muscular System and Fibrous Tissues.-The striped mus- 
cular fibers of animal life lose their power of contractility, and 
are profoundly prostrated. This muscular prostration is due to 
the paralyzing influence the remedy has upon the functions of 
the cerebellum and antero-lateral portion of the spinal cord. My 
experiments upon animals were too short to produce much 
structural change in the spinal cord; but I regret it was not 
examined with the microscope. I hope some one will finish what 
I have neglected. No remedy produces greater relaxation and 
prostration of the whole muscular system. In half an hour the 
animal would be completely prostrated and not able to move 
a limb, remaining in any position in which it was placed. I would 
call the particular attention of the profession to this complete 
prostration and relaxation of the whole muscular system. It acts 
upop the same gray matter of the cord that Strychnia does, af- 
fecting the cells, however, in a manner directly opposite to that of 
Strychnia; for Strychnia excites, while Veratrum viride prostrates. 
I believe no known drug, when given in lethal doses, is equal to 
Veratrum viride as an antidote for Strychnia; and I have the 
pleasure to know that I have saved one human life from death by 
Strychnine through the antidotal powers of this drug. 
That the convulsions sometimes produced by this drug, pro- 
ceed from the central nervous system, is proved by the fact, that 
in animals all the muscles are equally affected, and, even in ex- 
periments on animals when the arteries leading to the muscles 
have been ligatured before the administration of the poison, con- 
vulsions take place as usual. In convulsions and myalgia, Vera- 
trum viride has proved of signal service, when given in lethal 
doses. 
Mouth, Fauces and (Esophagus.-The yellow coating upon 
the tongue, and the bitter taste in the mouth, point to a func- VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
963 
tional derangement of the liver. The motor force of the pharyn- 
geal branches of the pneumogastric is so powerfully irritated as to 
throw the oesophagus into constant spasm, as shown by the fre- 
quent and long-continued singultus, and the constant sensation 
as if a ball were rising in the oesophagus. In my own proving of 
the remedy, spasm of the oesophagus was one of the most prom- 
inent symptoms produced. In animals, the microscopical exami- 
nation of the mucous membrane of the oesophagus revealed in- 
tense congestion and inflammation of the tissue,-a fact well 
worth remembering; for there are but few remedies that cause 
inflammation of the oesophagus. 
Stomach.-One of the most prominent effects of Veratrum 
viride is to produce intense congestion of the pneumogastric nerve,, 
at its origin in the medulla oblongata, and through the whole 
length of the nerve, the microscope revealing its vessels perfectly 
gorged with blood. This explains the phenomena of the action 
of Veratrum viride upon all the organs to which the parvagum is 
distributed. It is capable of producing inflammation in every organ 
under the control of thepneumogastric nerve; viz., oesophagus, stom- 
ach, liver, and lungs. No remedy can produce more marked 
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach. Through 
the filaments of the vagi, the mucous follicles of the stomach are 
greatly excited, so as to cause them to pour out an immense 
amount of ropy mucus. Its emetic power, causing nausea and 
long-continued vomiting, is from its irritating action, not only 
upon the filaments, but upon the whole, of the par vagum, and 
from inflammation, making the vomiting neurotic as well as 
gastric. 
Poisonous doses are powerfully emetic, producing intense nau- 
sea and incessant attempts at vomiting, throwing up quantities of 
ropy mucus and bilious matter, with constant hiccough ; absolute 
muscular prostration; faintness; vertigo; dilated pupils ; loss of 
vision ; semi-unconsciousness; weak, almost imperceptible, pulse ; 
cold, clammy skin. 
This was finely illustrated in the case of my own daughter, 
Mary L. Burt, when at the age of twenty-one months. She got 
hold of my pocket-case, and took about one drachm of the tinc- 
ture. She could not have had the case more than five minutes 
before I discovered her; but in a few moments she commenced 
vomiting. I immediately gave her half a cup of coffee, then went 
for some Camphor, and returned in five minutes. Her jaws were 
then rigid, and nothing could be put into her mouth; pupils of 964 
VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
the eyes widely dilated; face blue; hands and feet cold; no pulse 
to be found at the wrist. Bathed her bowels and back with Cam- 
phor for a few moments, when she went into a spasm, with violent 
shrieks; body bent backward; arms rigid and thrown over her 
head ; face livid; breathing suspended for several seconds. This 
lasted about two minutes. She remained easy for a few mo- 
ments, and then went into another spasm similar to the first. I 
then placed her in a tub of warm water, which soon relaxed the 
whole muscular system. Vomiting kept up, with severe retching 
every few minutes for three hours, when it gradually subsided. 
The matter vomited was a white, ropy mucus. The interval be- 
tween vomiting for three hours was not at any time longer than 
five minutes, and most of the time did not exceed one minute. 
She remained pulseless all the time, with a blue, hippocratic 
face, and hands and feet shriveled up, as if they had been in wa- 
ter for a long time. When she was not vomiting, she lay in a 
stupor, with the pupils of the eyes widely dilated. After three 
hours the pulse could be counted; it was thirty-six, and very 
feeble. In three and a quarter hours after taking the Veratrum, 
she went to sleep, and slept soundly for three hours, and then 
awoke well, except being a little weak. 
The leading symptoms in this case were, constant vomiting of 
white, ropy fluid; dilatation of the pupils ; comatose state of the 
brain ; excessive muscular prostration ; spasms ; trismus ; great 
congestion of blood to the lungs; blue, pinched,up hippocratic 
face, with cold nose, hands, and feet; no pulse for three hours. 
Liver.-Through the filaments of the pneumogastric nerve, 
Veratrum viride produces congestion and inflammation of the 
liver. In animals- poisoned with this drug, the microscope re- 
vealed the intra-lobular veins perfectly gorged with blood. It also 
greatly increases the secretion of bile. In bilious and intermit- 
tent fevers, where the poison centers upon the par vagum, and 
there is vomiting of bile, Veratrum viride will be found of great 
value, and the same with acute hepatitis. 
Intestines.-Upon the intestines, its action is but slight; 
though, from its action upon the liver, we have more or less ve- 
nous congestion of the bowels. It hardly ever acts as a cathartic ; 
but, in some cases, it produces a copious watery diarrhoea. Its 
main action is to produce constipation. 
Kidneys.-Here Veratrum viride acts as a mild diuretic, from 
increased blood-pressure. The solids of the urine are increased. VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
965 
Heart.-The profound paralysis of the whole circulatory ap- 
paratus produced by Veratrum viride, demands our closest study. 
The most characteristic property of this drug, is to lessen the 
cardiac movements, and lower the vascular tonus of the arteries. 
Small doses first reduce the force, without much lessening the 
frequency of the pulse; but larger doses greatly lessen the cardiac 
pulsations, in some cases down to thirty per minute. "If any ex- 
ertion be made during this stage of depression, the slow pulse 
will be suddenly converted into an exceedingly rapid one. The 
slow pulse is sometimes moderately full, but is always very soft 
and compressible. The rapid pulse is exceedingly feeble, small, 
and often thready, and may become imperceptible. Severe nau- 
sea and vomiting accompany or follow the reduction of the pulse- 
rate. That the latter is not due to gastric disturbance is, how- 
ever, shown by the fact that it often precedes the stomach symp- 
toms, and may exist without them. Thus, Prof. Percy states, 
that he has seen the pulse reduced to thirty per minute without 
nausea being induced. During the stage of depression, there is 
always decided muscular weakness and relaxation. 
"In full therapeutic doses, it lowers the pulse-rate, both by a 
direct action on the muscle (Jervia) and by stimulating the inhib- 
itory nerves (Veratroidia); it diminishes the force of the heart- 
beat by a direct influence on the cardiac muscle (Jervia), and pro- 
duces a general vaso-motor paralysis (Jervia), more or less com- 
plete, according to the size of the dose. . . . Evidently, large 
doses of Veratroidia paralyze the cardiac inhibitory apparatus, 
while small ones stimulate it intensely. The paralysis is cer- 
tainly peripheral. Whether the stimulation is centric or periph- 
eral, has not as yet been determined. When enormous doses 
of Veratroidia are thrown directly on the heart by venous injec- 
tion, they at once kill the cardiac muscle. . . . When arti- 
ficial respiration is kept up, Veratroidia is powerless to reduce 
the pulse-rate. When the par vagum has been divided, artificial 
respiration being maintained, Veratroidia is powerless to reduce 
the pulse-rate; and, when the pulse-rate has been reduced by the 
drug in the uninjured animal, division of the par vagum is fol- 
lowed by an enormous rise in the number of cardiac beats per 
minute. These facts certainly prove that Veratroidia is a power- 
ful stimulant to the inhibitory nerves of the heart. Moreover, I 
have found, that, when the spinal cord is divided so as to paralyze 
the antagonists to the par vagum, one-thirtieth of a grain of the 
poison will at once produce diastolic arrest of the heart's action; 
but if the pneumogastrics be now severed, and the repressive force 966 
VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
thus taken off, the relaxed, seemingly dead, viscus recommences 
its beat. The slow pulse of mild Veratroidia-poisoning becomes 
rapid when a large dose of the poison is injected. Further, after 
a large dose, division of the pneumogastrics has no effect upon 
the pulse-rate, and the most intense galvanic current applied to 
the peripheral ends of the divided nerves is powerless to affect the 
viscus."-H. C. Wood,M. I). 
Vaso-Motor Nervous System.-Veratrum viride is a powerful 
depressant of the vaso-motor nerve centers, especially its Alkaloid 
Jervia. "Dr. F. Reigel has demonstrated that the rise of arterial 
pressure which occurs in asphyxia, is largely due to vaso-motor 
spasm. In Viridia-poisoning, asphyxia has very little influence 
upon the arterial pressure, because the vaso-motor centers are 
paralyzed. In Veratroidia-poisoning, the slightest intermission in 
the working of the bellows of the apparatus for artificial respira- 
tion, is followed at once by an enormous rise of the mercury 
in the cardiometer,-conclusive proof that the vaso-motor centers 
are not seriously affected. In estimating the physiological action 
of Veratroidia, it must be borne in mind that artificial respiration 
was maintained during the study of the action of the drug on the 
heart and vaso-motor centers; that its influence on the respira- 
tory centers is so intense as to overbalance its cardiac action, 
and, when the animal is left to itself, to cause death before 
any decided influence has been exerted upon the heart. The 
action may be summed up as follows: It is a powerful respira- 
tory poison, lessening at first the frequency of the cardiac beat by 
stimulating the pneumogastrics, but they soon lose all their con- 
trol over the heart, owing to the powerful influences which the in- 
duced asphyxia exerts."-II. C. Wood. 
Temperature.-Veratrum viride lowers the animal tempera- 
ture very decidedly. "Aulmount asserts, as the result of his ex- 
periments, that in animals, from half an hour to two hours after 
the administration of such doses as would produce violent symp- 
toms without killing, the temperature fell 2°, 3°, or even 5° C., 
and remained at this point for twenty-four hours."-Wood. 
The reduction of temperature is one of the positive effects 
of this drug when given in acute inflammatory fevers. 
Skin.-Upon the skin, Veratrum viride acts as a mild diapho- 
retic. In some instances, the perspiration is very profuse; but 
generally the skin is soft, moist, and very cool. The profound 
arterial depression causes the increased activity of the functions VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
967 
of the skin; and the perspiratory glands are not specifically 
affected. 
Eyes.-Veratrum viride has a marked and specific action 
upon the eye. Through its paralyzing influence upon the third 
nerve, it produces marked dilatation of the pupil. This mydri- 
atic effect of paralysis of the circular fibers of the iris, has never, 
to my knowledge, been utilized. In surgical operations upon the 
eye, I would strongly urge a trial of this drug, especially of its 
Alkaloid. 
Ears.-Veratrum viride produces paralysis of the auditory 
nerve, with singing noises in the ears, from its congestive action 
upon the brain, at the origin of this nerve. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Here Veratrum viride produces 
acute congestion, with its attending symptoms, as dysmenorrhoea 
with scanty menstruation; metritis, ovaritis, and mastitis; and, 
in the acute form of those diseases with marked sympathy of the 
par vagum, this drug has been of great value. Its true action 
upon these organs is not fully known. 
Mucous Membranes.-Veratrum viride produces well-marked 
acute catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes of the 
nose, lungs, mouth, oesophagus, stomach, and gall-bladder. 
Lungs.-No remedy in the Materia Medica produces such 
sudden and intense congestion and inflammation of the lungs as 
is caused by Veratrum viride, through its paralytic influence 
upon the motor filaments of the pneumogastric nerve. Twelve 
cats and three dogs killed with the Veratrum viride all had 
inflammation of the lungs of the most marked character. The 
microscope revealed intense congestion and a large number of 
the capillary vessels ruptured. Sections of the lungs were so 
completely hepatized, that, when thrown into the water, they im- 
mediately sank to the bottom of the vessel. 
Upon the mucous follicles of the bronchial mucous membrane, 
it has a specific action, causing them to secrete an immense 
amount of mucus. This the microscope most beautifully illus- 
trated, the smallest air-cells being completely filled with mucus. 
The abundant testimony, in all schools, that Veratrum viride 
will cure pneumonia during its first stages, is one of the fixed and 
positive facts in therapeutic medicine, which I have confirmed 
time and again. 968 
VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
Therapeutic I ndivirtuality. 
Mind.-From sudden congestion, we have quarrelsome delir- 
ium ; or great mental depression, and fear of death. The patient 
often in a semi-stupor, sometimes complete coma, as seen in 
puerperal convulsions; puerperal insanity. 
"Puerperal mania; silent, suspicious; will not see her physi- 
cian, he seems to terrify her; fears being poisoned ; sleepless, can 
hardly be kept in her room; depression of spirits."-Hg. 
"Mental confusion; loss of memory; stupefaction; vertigo; 
cerebral hypersemia ; insanity from cerebral congestion."-Hg. 
Head -Intense cerebral congestion, feeling as though the 
head would burst open; with nausea and vomiting 
Sudden spasms from congestion of blood to the head. 
"I know of no drug, not even Belladonna, so useful in affections 
of the head, when they are of a congestive character. It is most 
useful when the congestion arises from plethora, vascular irritation, 
coup de soleil, alcoholic stimulants, teething in children, and espe- 
cially when it occurs from suppressed discharges, with a feeling 
of fullness ; weight or distention of the head ; giddiness ; intense 
headache ; fullness and throbbing of the arteries; stupefaction; 
increased sensitiveness to sound, with buzzing, roaring, etc., and 
double vision."-Dr. Hale. 
Can hardly hold the head up, from paralysis of the muscles of 
the neck; pale, cold face; livid color of the face in convulsions, 
nose looks pinched, cold, and blue, with nausea and vomiting. 
In eclampsia of children from sudden cerebral congestion, we 
have no remedy that will equal this; but it must be given in nau- 
seating doses to get its best and lasting effects. 
Cerebro-spinal meningitis, in its first stage, that has come on 
with great suddenness, with great cerebral congestion, nausea 
and vomiting; hard, full, slow pulse and marked opisthotonos. 
In acute meningitis and cerebritis, in the first and active stage 
of inflammation ; the congestion is so great that the patient is de- 
lirious, and often insensible ; face purple ; throbbing of the carot- 
ids ; sometimes severe convulsions set in, and death seems immi- 
nent ; from intense heat, or over-exertion. 
Congestive headache from suppression of the menses, or sick- 
headache; menses scanty and pale; the intense congestion is 
almost apoplectic, accompanied with violent nausea and vomiting. 
Eyes.-Dimness of vision from congestion of blood to the base 
of the brain, with nausea and vomiting. VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
969 
Dilated pupils, with dimness of vision; green and red circles 
around the candle; twitching of the eyelids. 
Loss of sight, from paralysis of the heart, with great faintness. 
Paralysis of the eyelids; complete ptosis. 
Ears.-Ringing in the ears from congestion of blood to the 
head; very sensitive to noise ; paralysis of the auditory nerve, pro- 
ducing deafness. 
Neuralgia of the auditory nerve. (Apply locally.) 
Face.-Flushed from cerebral congestion ; convulsive twitch- 
ing of the face; cold and bluish, covered with cold sweat; nose 
pinched, cold, and blue; paleness around the alee nasi, or copious 
secretion from the nostrils ; Hippocratic face. 
Dry mouth and lips all day, with flushed face. 
Mouth.-Copious secretion of saliva, with nausea. 
Tongue coated yellow, and feels as if it had been scalded. 
"Tongue yellow at the sides, with a red streak along the center, 
and inclined to be dry."-Dr. W. S. Searle. [Bilious typhoid.] 
Throat.-Frequent and long-continued hiccough, with a con- 
stant sensation as if a ball were rising in the oesophagus. 
"Dryness and heat in the throat; severe hiccough ; burning in 
fauces and oesophagus, with constant inclination to swallow."-Hg. 
Acute inflammation of the whole length of the oesophagus, with 
constant hiccough ; nausea and violent vomiting. 
Acute spasmodic stricture of the oesophagus. 
Stomach.-Nausea and vomiting. Sudden nausea, with vio- 
lent vomiting and hiccough ; violent and long-continued vomiting, 
without much nausea; vomiting of food, and then large quantities 
of glairy mucus; the least quantity of food produces violent vom- 
iting, from acute gastritis. 
Obstinate vomiting from inflammatory cerebral disease. 
Vomiting of bile in bilious fevers, or eruptive diseases. 
Vomiting of bile and blood, in yellow fever; great thirst. 
"I consider the empty, painful retching, with ejection of a little 
bloody, frothy mucus, as the chief indication."-Hale. 
Excessive thirst, but drinking brings on the vomiting. 
A capital remedy for gastralgia and spasm of the stomach; 
and no remedy produces more marked inflammation of the gas- 
tric mucous membrane, with great thirst and violent retching. 
"Excruciating pain covering a space the size of the hand, in 
the lower part of the stomach; the pains culminate every five 970 
VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
minutes in severe vomiting; the pain is drawing, twitching, as if 
the stomach was tightly drawn against the spine, causing pain in 
the dorsal region."-Hg. 
Liver.-Acute congestion in hepatitis, with constant nausea 
and vomiting of bilious matter; first stages has pain in the he- 
patic region, passing down to the groin, of a dull aching charac- 
ter, especially in the region of the gall-bladder, accompanied with 
intense fever, hard pulse, etc. 
Abdomen.-Neuralgic pains in the abdomen; heavy aching 
pains in the umbilicus; pain and soreness across the abdomen 
just above the pelvis. 
Pain in the hypogastrium, with much tympanitis. 
"Enteritis, with high fever, great vascular excitement; vomit- 
ing; dark, bloody stools."-Hg. [Peritonitis.] 
Stools.-Stools mushy; or copious and watery, and some- 
times bloody; but constipation is more apt to be present in diseases 
that call for Veratrum viride. 
Urine.-Urine first increased, and then diminished; the solid 
constituents are increased, specific gravity diminished. In con- 
gestion of the kidneys attending the last stage of pregnancy, 
when uraemic convulsions are threatened, or really present, this 
drug will do great good. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Severe neuralgia of the testicles. 
In acute orchitis that takes on an erysipelatous nature, the 
local and internal use of this drug will be of great value. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-In many congestive diseases of 
these organs, it will be found of great use. Dr. Peterson says he 
has relieved hundreds of cases of menstrual colic with this rem- 
edy, in drop doses of the tincture; and I can testify to the same 
facts, but not in so many cases. With the menstrual colic, or 
dysmenorrhoea, there is much nausea and vomiting, with plethora, 
and much cerebral congestion. 
"Menstrual colic, with great congestion and troublesome 
strangury. "-Hg. 
In acute metritis and ovaritis, attended with a high grade of 
fever, no remedy is more efficient. It equals Apis in pelvic cellu- 
litis; in fact, to treat a case of this grave disease successfully 
without these two remedies, is next to impossible. They often 
prevent the suppuration. VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
971 
In puerperal peritonitis, or metritis, with gastric symptoms, 
and high fever, it is invaluable. Dr. Ludlam has great confi- 
dence in it to prevent puerperal fever, and inflammation of the 
mammae. In any congestive disease of these organs, where we 
have reflex symptoms that center upon the par vagum, Veratrum 
viride is one of our sheet anchors. Dr. Ludlam uses it to increase 
the secretion of milk. I find it of signal service in acute mas- 
titis, with high febrile action, and much tumefaction. Applied 
locally as well as used internally. 
In rigid os uteri during labor, nauseating doses will relax and 
so soften it that labor will be much facilitated. 
Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy; cerebral congestion. 
In puerperal convultions, no known remedy can equal Veratrum 
viride, if given in lethal doses, so as to produce complete acinesia. 
Not only will it arrest the eclampsia, but the intense congestion 
of blood to the brain, with its blue, livid face and profound coma, 
or wild delirium, will soon cease when the acinesia is complete. 
Puerperal mania has often been cured with this drug. 
In hysterical convulsions, with cerebral congestion and gastric 
symptoms, large doses will arrest the convulsions; but, to 
eradicate the tendency, we have much better remedies. 
Respiratory Organs.-We have an abundance of testimony 
in all schools, that Veratrum viride will cure pneumonia, espe- 
cially the sthenic form, during the first or congestive stage, clear 
up to the commencement of suppuration. Prof. Lee says : "Pneu- 
monia is the disease in which Veratrum viride is particularly in- 
dicated. It seems to have more controlling power over this than 
any other disease, reducing the inflammation, and favoring ex- 
pectoration in a few hours. In some instances, vomiting is in- 
duced of a tough, viscid mucus; the pulse now rapidly declines, 
if not affected before, the breathing becomes very easy, and the 
patient falls quietly into an easy sleep, with perhaps a gentle 
perspiration. The dose now is to be managed so as to sustain 
the depressed circulation. I find that in pneumonia it is better to 
reduce the pulse at once. The inflammation being in a degree 
arrested, the lung is saved from the more severe consequences of 
the second stage, or that of red hepatization, the concrete fibrin- 
ous exudation being caused by an inflammatory action. Thus, 
the cause being in part removed, the exudation is greatly arrested, 
and convalescence commences at once." 
For vesicular bronchitis, it is a remedy of great value, in the 
sthenic form, with high fever, nausea and vomiting, etc. 972 
VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
In asthma, lethal doses will often do wonders, where there is 
great lung and cerebral congestion; much excitement; nausea, 
vomiting; loose, rattling, wheezing cough. To get the desired 
result, doses large enough to produce nausea are necessary. It 
reduces the respirations more than one-half; and, from the spe- 
cific action it has on the vagi, we see at once why this drug is so 
great a palliative. 
The cough is short, dry, hacking, or loose, rattling, aggravated 
by going from a warm room into cold air. 
Heart.-From its irritating effect upon the vagus, the heart's 
action is lessened to a wonderful degree, often to thirty beats per 
minute. In carditis and pericarditis, there is burning and prick- 
ing in the cardiac region; the pulsations are loud and strong, 
with great arterial excitement. In inflammatory fevers calling 
for this drug, the pulse is full, hard, and bounding; becomes 
softer under its action; sometimes irregular, intermittent. In 
rheumatism of the heart in plethoric people, with great arterial 
excitement. 
Dr. Scudder says, that, in small doses, it is as much of a tonic 
.as Digitalis is in large; but, if given in too large doses, it will 
produce cardiac debility, with fainting and collapse. 
Sudden cardiac syncope; comes on suddenly in the healthy. 
Dr. Hale says it has done him good service in hypertrophy with 
dilatation, used as a continuous remedy, and not as a palliative; 
but I believe that Digitalis will far excel this drug in this dis- 
tressing malady. 
In diseases with excessive action of the heart, with pulse full 
and hard,-and the pulse of this drug is always full and hard,- 
we have no known remedy that will soften and bring it down 
to normal and below normal equal to the Veratrum viride. 
Neck and Back.-Much aching in the back of the neck, and 
shoulders; can hardly hold head up. (Cerebro-spinal meningitis.) 
Acute inflammation of the spine ; head drawn backward. 
"Opisthotonos; arterial excitement; hands and feet cold; 
shocks in the limbs ; congestion of brain and spine ; loss of con- 
sciousness."-Hg. 
Myalgia of the muscles of the back. (Locally.) 
Limbs, Upper.-Convulsions of the arms and hands. 
Flying pains in the joints ; rheumatic inflammation. 
Paralysis ; tingling of the limbs, from cerebral congestion. 
Limbs, Lower.-High fever, with acute rheumatism of the 
joints, but more especially the muscles. VERATRUM VIRIDE. 
973 
Much pain in the hip-joints and about the condyles. 
Convulsions of all the limbs; trembling of the whole body; 
twitching and contortions of the body; cramps in legs and fingers, 
the ankles feel as if dislocated. 
In chorea, this drug has made some brilliant cures, in acute, 
congestive, rheumatic cases, given in pretty large doses. 
Skin.-Much itching and burning of the skin; high fever; 
tingling of the skin; eruptions with intense fever. 
Scarlatina, with intense arterial excitement; congestion of the 
brain, with violent nausea and vomiting. 
Measles during the febrile and eruptive stage ; pulmonary con- 
gestion, and impending or actual convulsions. 
Small-pox before the eruption ; cerebral congestion and exces- 
sive nausea, vomiting, and great prostration. 
Skin, cold, clammy, bluish, insensible ; shriveled as in cholera. 
All eruptive fevers, with excessively high temperature; hard, 
full pulse, and a tendency to congestion of brain, chest, or stomach. 
In erysipelas, especially if cerebral symptoms should set in 
from metastasis of the inflammation to the brain, with hard, very 
.full pulse. (A lotion of thirty drops to a pint of water has often 
done signal service.) Cellulitis is well marked, with much swell- 
ing and redness. 
Fever.-In ephemeral and irritative fever, with intense con- 
gestion of the brain; pulse excessively high, hard, and full, with 
headache, vertigo, dimness of vision, nausea, vomiting, and much 
restlessness, with thirst, and myalgic symptoms, this is an excel- 
lent remedy. 
In septic fevers, Veratrum, as a rule, is not often called for. It 
has no septic action upon the blood, and is therefore counter-in- 
dicated in these diseases; but, when these fevers center upon the 
brain, lungs, heart, or spine, Veratrum will often be found of 
great value to relieve the intense congestion. 
Coldness of the whole body; cold sweat on face, hands, and 
feet, in choleraic diseases; nausea and violent vomiting pre- 
dominates ; weak, small pulse. 
Bilious fever; headache ; tongue coated thickly, yellow; vom- 
iting of bile ; loss of appetite ; great thirst, and dry skin. 
Rheumatism, muscular form (locally and internally); inclina- 
tion to profuse diaphoresis, and great prostration. 
Profuse cold, clammy perspiration, rules Veratrum viride. 
Aggravation.-Morning and evening. 
Amelioration.-Bending forward and lying down. 974 
ZINCUM. 
ZINCUM. 
Zinc. 
An element. Triturate up to the 3d centesimal, and then dissolve one grain with 50 drops of 
distilled water and 50 drops of Alcohol. 
Antidotes.-Camph., Hepar, Ignat., Albumen and Milk, and Carbonates. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Zinc has six special centers of 
action: 
I. Cerebro-S. S. Tonic; Depression; Sensory ancl Motor Paral. 
II. Stomach. (Sulphate.') Powerful Emesis. 
III. Intestines. Slow Digestion; Flatulency; Constipation. 
IV. Blood. Hydrcemia; Venous Hemorrhages; Varices. 
V. Circulation. Vaso-Motor Spasm. 
VI. Serous Membranes. Inflammation; Dropsical Effusions. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-Zincum lias a powerful tonic ac- 
tion upon the peripheral extremities of the motor and sentient 
nerves, and corresponds to diseases of the nervous system as Iron 
does to those of the blood. The depression of nutrition is sym- 
pathetic,-and not from its direct action upon the organic nerv- 
ous system. Wibmer says: "The action of small doses, if their 
use is continued beyond a certain period, may produce a certain 
cachexia, with complete prostration of the 'nutritive functions. 
The intellectual faculties are likewise impaired, the beats of the 
heart are slow and feeble, and the power of locomotion and 
strength of body are enfeebled to a high degree." This cachexia 
greatly resembles that of Lead. 
Stomach.-The Sulphate of Zinc is a very prompt and efficient 
emetic, fifteen grains acting without much preliminary nausea or 
depression. But, if too long continued, it may produce ulcera- 
tion of the mucous membrane, which is covered with a tough mu- 
cus. In Chloride of Zinc poisoning, the appearances of corrosion 
are very marked, and cicatrization of the mucous membrane of 
the stomach is seen, and contraction of the pylorus has been 
produced. ZINCUM. 
975 
Chronic Zinc-poisoning which occurs in factories is very simi- 
lar to Lead-poisoning, causing dyspepsia, emaciation, colic, with 
constipation, but more often diarrhoea, with muscular pains and 
contractions. Sometimes intestinal catarrh, with marasmus, 
reaches a high grade; and in some, epilepsy is produced. 
Kidneys.-There is slight congestion, and albuminuria from 
increased blood-pressure. In some, the urine is loaded with the 
urate of ammonia, with a small quantity of sugar. 
Blood.-Here Zinc produces hydrsemia, venous congestion, 
hemorrhages, and varices. It inhibits the action of the respira- 
tory organs, and thereby favors venous stagnation and congestion. 
Varices upon the extremities are a marked effect of the drug. 
Vaso-Motor System.-The action of Zinc upon this system 
occurs in spheres especially in connection with the cerebral 
nerves, as shown by the heat in the head and face, when the 
vagus or trigeminus is involved. 
Skin.-Here Zinc disturbs and depresses the nutrition, re- 
stricting the secretions, and producing dryness, shrinking, thick- 
ening and exudation in the interstitial tissues, with nodes, fis- 
sures, rhagades, and suppuration. 
Serous Membranes.-Zinc acts upon the serous membranes 
of the hemispheres, and the neurilemma, producing inflammation 
and dropsical effusions; and it is a valuable remedy in hydro- 
cephalus and dropsical effusions. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Head.-Cerebral exhaustion, with mental and physical de- 
pression, from anaemia of the brain; complete neurasthenia; 
softening of the brain, with impending paralysis. 
"The drug has been mainly used as a remedy for states of 
cerebral depression; chronic headaches, and melancholia or 
chronic atrophy of the brain in the insane."-Hughes. 
"Only indicated in cerebral affections connected with exanthe- 
mata where the vis medicatrix natura is too weak to throw the 
poison to the surface."-S. Lilienthal. 
"Child cries out during sleep; when awakened, expresses fear, 
and rolls its head from side to side."-G. 
Cholera infantum; hydrocephaloid ; spasms and paralysis. 
"Loss of thought, and soporous condition of the mind; forget- 
ful of what has been done through the day."-Hah. 976 
ZINCUM. 
Excessive and violent vertigo; can not stand; more in the oc- 
ciput, with nausea ; faintness, and trembling of the hands. 
Chronic sick-headache; great weakness of sight; sticking in 
the right eye; somnambulism, crying in sleep, with much pain 
and tired feeling in the nucha. 
"Pressure on root of nose, as if it would be pressed into the 
head; hemicrania, worse after dinner; tearing pains in the tem- 
ples ; internal headaches, worse from drinking wine, in a warm 
room, and after eating."-Hg. 
Great soreness of the scalp, loss of hair; complete baldness. 
"Alternate redness and paleness of face, with vertigo."-Hg. 
Ear.-Neuralgia of the middle ear, the pains are tearing and 
cutting, and often accompanied with suppuration. 
In otorrhcea with discharge of fetid pus, use the Sulphate lo- 
cally ; or in old, obstinate chronic cases, the Oxide does nicely. 
Eyes.-Very useful in diseases of the conjunctiva, with burn- 
ing, biting pains, worse evenings; much lachrymation and photo- 
phobia ; lids agglutinated in the mornings. The Sulphate is often 
very efficient in obstinate conjunctivitis, applied locally, two 
grains to one drachm of rose-water. 
Syphilitic iritis, with severe nightly pains ; profuse lachryma- 
tion, scalding the parts, and dull pains in the balls. 
Several well-marked cases of pterygium covering one-half of 
the pupil, growing rapidly, with great pressure across the root of 
the nose, have been cured with Zinc. In cases of granular lids 
of long duration, use the Sulphate locally. 
Amaurosis; eyes very sensitive, in cerebral affections. 
Upper lids feel heavy as if paralyzed, in brain affections. 
Face.-Face pale, in chronic diseases, with much emaciation. 
Tearing pains in the malar bone, extending into the jaw. 
Lips dry and cracked, in chronic indigestion. 
Neuralgia of the fifth nerve, worse from touch and evenings. 
Mouth.-Frequent drawing toothache, especially if decayed. 
Tongue dry; feels heavy; don't want to talk; covered with 
vesicles. 
Gums bleed from the slightest touch; blisters on tongue. 
"Copious secretion of saliva; crawling in the cheeks."-Hah. 
Much dryness of the throat in the evening; it feels raw and 
sore; accumulation of mucus in the throat that causes constant 
hawking. ZINCUM. 
977 
Stomach.-Taste of blood in the mouth; sweetish rising from 
the stomach, with a clean, red tongue. 
"Sudden oppression of the stomach; she has to loosen her 
clothes ; great greediness when eating; can not eat fast enough, 
from canine hunger; terrible heartburn after taking sweet things ; 
much nausea; vomiting, and fidgety feet; abtfomen distended; 
dry, hard stool."-G. 
"Insatiable hunger; no appetite for breakfast; verv thirsty." 
-H7. 
"Sour, empty eructations after dinner, or empty eructations." 
-Hah. 
"Aggravation of the nausea, and headache from wine."-J. H. 
Smith. 
Burning in the epigastrium; vomiting of mucus and blood, 
with tearing pains in the pit of the stomach. 
Abdomen.-"Liver enlarged; hard and sore to the touch; 
feet swollen; vomits mucus and blood."-Hg. 
"Flatulent colic, worse from wine, evening, or during the 
night, and at rest; loud rumbling and rolling, with retraction of 
the abdomen similar to Lead colic ; hard, dry stool."-Hg. 
Frequent emissions of fetid flatus without relief. 
Stool.-Great difficulty in expelling the stools, which are in- 
sufficient ; very dry and hard, with much flatulence. 
Cholera infantum ; stools involuntary, with stupor, or hydro- 
cephaloid following infantile diarrhoea. 
Urine.-Violent pressure on the bladder; passes urine with 
great difficulty; very turbid, or yellow urine. 
"Involuntary urination while walking, coughing and sneezing." 
Urine voided at night is very turbid in the morning. 
Sexual Organs, Male.-Increased sexual desire, with long- 
lasting strong erections ; or complete impotence. 
The testicles are very painful and drawn up ; neuralgia. 
"Spermatorrhoea; emissions without dreams; face pale, 
sunken, blue rings around the eyes; atrophy of the testicles ; 
orchitis from a bruise, with drawing pains; loss of hair."-Hg. 
For chronic gonorrhoea and gleet, an injection of eight grains 
of the Sulphate to eight ounces of rose-water, or one grain of the 
Chloride to four of rose-water, is often very efficient. 978 
ZINCUM. 
Sexual Organs, Female.-Increased sexual desire; irresisti- 
ble desire for onanism; or complete loss of sexual desire. 
"Menses too early; too profuse; lumps of clotted blood pass, 
away when walking; during the menses, heaviness of the limbs, 
with violent drawing around the knees, as if they would be 
twisted off. The flow of the menses always relieves all her suffer- 
ings, but they return again soon after their cessation."-G. 
"A constant distressing, boring pain in the left ovarian re- 
gion, partially relieved by pressure or during menstruation, but 
returning again soon after the flow."-G. 
"Uterine ulcers, have a bloody, acrid discharge; but the ulcer 
itself is rather destitute of feeling; an exceptionally violent and 
obstinate pain in the brain sometimes accompanies this ulcer, and 
is often intermittent."-G. 
Leucorrhoea of mucus and blood; acrid and excoriating. 
"Pruritus vulvse, causes masturbation; varicose veins of ex- 
ternal genitals, with fidgety feeling of the feet."-Hg. 
Mammae swollen and sore to the touch; sore nipples. 
Air-Passages.-Flatulent asthma and dyspnoea. 
Violent, dry, spasmodic cough; cough with expectoration of 
mucus and blood ; aggravated before the menses. 
"Spasmodic cough when children put their hands to the geni- 
tals as soon as they cough ; worse after sweet things."-G. 
Burning in the chest; pain as if cut to pieces, with constrict- 
ive sensation ; emptiness behind the sternum. 
Heart.-Irregular spasmodic action of the heart from indiges- 
tion and excessive flatulence; violent palpitation of the heart 
from spinal irritation. 
Neck and Back.-Great weariness in the nape of the neck, 
especially evenings ; the neck is very stiff. 
For spinal irritation, with great prostration of strength, it is 
one of our most useful remedies. Burning in shoulders. 
"Twitching in the back or any part of the body, from sensi- 
tiveness of the spine to the touch. (Zinc high)."-Dr. McGeorge. 
"Burning along the whole spine, worse when sitting; pain in 
small of the back, relieved by walking."-Hg. 
Limbs, Upper.-Paralytic feeling in the arms in brain dis- 
eases ; paralysis from cerebral hemorrhage. 
"Weakness and trembling of the hands when writing; skin dry 
and cracked, even in dry weather; chilblains."-Hg. 
Chronic articular rheumatism, in weak, emaciated people. ZINCUM. 
979 
Limbs, Lower.-Great weakness of the limbs; chronic neu- 
rasthenia ; formication and cold feet at night. 
One of the most characteristic symptoms of Zinc is an inces- 
sant, constant fidgety feeling of the lower extremities; must move 
the feet constantly. , 
Varices in the legs; burning pains; fidgety feet. 
Paralysis of the feet from spinal or chronic nervous disease, as 
softening of the brain; cerebral hemorrhage. 
"Feet are sweaty and sore about the toes; fetid suppressed 
foot-sweat, with much nervous excitement."-Hg. 
Chilblains, worse from friction; cold feet at night. 
"Spasms, child cries before the attack; fever; restlessness; 
fidgety feet; pale during teething."-Hg. 
Excellent for hydrocephaloid after cholera infantum, with 
spasms ; great emaciation, and prostration. 
Twitchings in various muscles; the whole body jerks during 
sleep ; after choleraic diarrhoea. 
Skin.-Excellent in exanthematic fevers; brain exhausted; 
not able to develop the eruption; fever in flashes, or violent con- 
vulsions from suppressed eruptions. 
Rhagades, bad even in mild weather; itching in the joints; 
sudden itching here and there ; dry herpes, or neuralgia following 
herpes zoster; pain under skin. 
(Edema and general anasarca of the cellular tissue. 
Dropsical effusions of all the serous cavities. 
An ointment of the Oxide of Zinc, made with Cosmoline, is the 
most useful application in the Materia Medica for old, indolent 
ulcers and many cutaneous affections. 
Aggravation.-After dinner; from wine; evenings; in bed; 
indoors. 
Amelioration.-In open air; while eating, and from heat. 980 
CHLORAL 
CHLORAL. 
Chemical Preparation. Triturations and Alcoholic attenuations. Two parts 
by weight pure Chloral dissolved in nine parts by weight of Alcohol. 
Antidotes.-Strychnia, Atropia, Ammonia, Picrotoxine, Physostigma, Gal- 
vanism, Alcoholic Stimulants. 
Synergists.-Opium, Alkalies, and Anaesthetics deepen the action of Chloral. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Chloral has nine special centers of 
action : 
I. Brain. Ancemia; Hypnotic; Profound Sleep. 
II. Spinal Cord. Lessened Rejlex Irritability; Ancesthesia. 
III. Vagi. Paralysis of the Respiratory Center. 
IV. Vascular System. Vaso-Motor Paralysis. 
V. Temperature. Rapid Loss of Temperature. 
VI. Heart. Paralysis; Arrest in Diastole. 
VII. Skin. Urtica.; Papidte; Purpu.; Petech.; Ulcers; Blisters. 
VIII. Blood. Corpuscles Enlarged; Hcemoglobine in Solution. 
IX. Antisptic. 
Brain. - Chloral's principal action, in an ordinary medicinal 
dose (fifteen to thirty grains), is spent upon the brain, producing 
quiet sleep, greatly resembling that of natural sleep, calm, 
dreamless, and refreshing. The patient may be easily aroused 
to take food, but quickly and without difficulty falls asleep again ; 
and, as a rule, no unpleasant effects follow. This sleep is due to 
its direct action on the nervous structure of the brain, and also 
to the anaemia it produces in this organ. Thus, Dr. W. H. 
Hammond finds that at first Chloral congests the retina, but in 
five or ten minutes the opposite condition commences, and con- 
tinues till the retina assumes a pale pink color. As the retinal 
circulation corresponds with the cerebral, he concludes that 
Chloral affects the brain in the same way as it does the retina. 
While the brain is congested, there is some mental excitement; 
but, as the vessels contract, drowsiness supervenes; and, when 
this wears off, the retinal and cerebral vessels enlarge till they 
assume their accustomed size. 
Large, fatal doses produce stertorous breathing; the eyes are 
set and glassy, pupils insensible to light and contracted; con- 
junctiva congested; frothy mucus flows from the mouth ; motion 
Hydrate of Chloral. CHLORAL. 
981 
of the heart feeble but rapid; blood settles under the finger-nails; 
purple spots on the side on which they lie; complete anaesthesia 
of the skin; extremities cold; finally the brain becomes com- 
pletely paralyzed; then the spinal cord, and lastly the respiratory 
muscles and heart. After death congestion of the meninges and 
substance of the brain and cord and of the lungs is commonly 
found, and the blood coagulates with difficulty. 
Spinal Cord. - Here we have paralysis and loss of reflex 
action. Labbee found that the muscles after death responded 
perfectly to galvanism, and Rajewsky found that the motor 
nerves are in no wise affected by toxic doses of Chloral. All of 
this knowledge points directly to the spinal cord as the center o 
Chloral's action producing paralysis. Before this paralytic stage 
is reached, Rajewsky affirms, that) in the frog there is a period 
of increased reflex activity; and stimulation of the spinal ganglia 
shows that they are more susceptible than normal. 
Vagi. - The functions of the pneumogastric nerve are very 
materially affected by Chloral; as its main action is spent upon 
the cerebral origin of the vagus nerves, which is shown by the 
number of respirations per minute. It causes them to become 
slow and full; and, when toxic doses are taken, this action 
becomes more and more marked, until, finally, the rhythm is very 
much affected, and the respiration grows very irregular, and 
sometimes very rapid and shallow, until at last it ceases. As 
these phenomena occur equally after section of the vagi, the in- 
fluence of Chloral must be exerted upon the respiratory center 
at the base of the brain. The stertorous breathing is a marked 
feature after toxic doses. 
Circulation. - The paralyzing effects of Chloral on the center 
for vascular nerves are of great significance. In experiments 
on animals this paralysis is manifested by an enormous diminu- 
tion of the arterial blood-pressure. 
" According to Demarquay, where Chloral has been adminis- 
tered to animals, there is evident enlargement and engorgement 
of all their blood-vessels; and Rajewsky states that he has found 
sinking of the blood-pressure in rabbits from small as ■well as 
large doses of the drug. In man, Bouchet has obtained sphygmo- 
graphic traces, which he thinks indicates a primary increased 
arterial tension. Nancias, of Venice, has found the tension 
normal; but Austie and Andrews confirm the results of Bouchet 
when small doses are employed. After very large doses, accord- 
ing to both Andrews and DaCosta, the tracings indicate very 982 
CHLORAL. 
much lessened arterial pressure. Whatever may be the effect of 
small doses (and the point needs further investigation), it seems 
well made out, that, both in man and animals, by large doses 
the blood-pressure is very much lessened, probably in part owing 
to vaso-motor paralysis, but in the largest measure to an action 
of the drug on the heart. Various observers state that there is 
in man and the lower animals at this time slowing of the pulse, 
which, according to Rajewsky, is altogether independent of the 
inhibitory nerves in the frog and rabbit, occurring equally after 
as before their section. When toxic doses have been employed, 
the heart, after numerous pauses, is finally arrested in diastole. 
This arrest appears not to be muscular in its origin; for both 
Rajewsky and Labbee state that galvanic stimulation will pro- 
duce a single full beat; and the latter author affirms that, when 
the cord has been previously cut in the frog, the heart will con- 
tinue to beat for hours. Further, Labbee states that, when 
powdered Chloral is placed upon the frog's heart freely, there 
results a marked slowing, but no arrest of its action. It would 
seem, therefore, most probable, that Chloral influences the heart 
through the centers at the base of the brain.- In poisoning in 
man, the palse has toward the last been very feeble, generally 
rapid and irregular, and in some cases in which recovery has 
occurred it has been absent for a time."- Dr. H. C. Wood. 
Vaso-Motor System. - Here Chloral has a paralyzing in- 
fluence, which is shown by the great diminution of the arterial 
blood-pressure in man and animals. Almost all the symptoms 
of chronic Chloral poisoning may be referred to the anomalies of 
the circulation, which are brought about by the paralyzing in- 
fluence of the Chloral on the vaso-motor center, as shown by the 
bed-sores, petechiae, etc. 
Temperature. - Chloral produces a most remarkable fall of 
temperature, in both man and animals. Dr. Richardson, of 
London, has seen it fall 6° F. in a rabbit which recovered. 
Bouchet has noticed a fall of 2° C. in an infant; and many 
others have noticed the reduction of temperature in man after 
therapeutic doses. Dr. Hammarsten has found that the fall of 
temperature is very rapid (6° C. in an hour), and that it is 
dependent upon diminished production of heat, since it occurs 
equally in animals well wrapped up and laid in a warm place. 
Many think the fall of temperature is due to surface evaporation 
produced by the dilated cutaneous vessels, from vaso-motor CHLORAL. 
983 
paralysis. Dr. L. Brauton finds, that, after large doses of 
Chloral, the temperature falls till it can no longer be measured 
by an ordinary clinical thermometer. 
Blood. - The red blood-corpuscles become enlarged, mis- 
shapen, and deprived of their elasticity. The plasma of the 
blood becomes colored red, from haemoglobine in solution, and 
even the urine contains blood-coloring matter, and the blood is 
found charged with only one-half of its oxygen; it coagulates 
with difficulty. 
Skin. - Through the vaso-motor nervous system, the skin is 
found to be prominently affected by this poison, as shown by the 
various forms of exanthems; as, urticaria, papulae, erythema, 
petecbiae, purpura, extensive bed-sores, deep ulcers from mere 
circumscribed redness and swelling of the skin, with the forma- 
tion of blisters on the trochanters, knees, knuckles, tips of fingers, 
and even on the ears and face; erythematous blush, covering 
almost the entire body, with hyperaemia of the conjunctiva and 
of the retina,-all of which vanish as soon as the Chloral is left off. 
Antiseptic. - Chloral has considerable antiseptic power, and 
is an excellent preservative of animal texture. It acts well as 
a dressing to jilcerated surfaces, not only removing the fetor of 
the discharges, but lessening the pain; and it has been success- 
fully employed, in solution, for the preservation of anatomical 
preparations. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
Brain. - This is the most valuable hypnotic known in diseases 
of the brain and nervous system. Cases of sleeplessness, due 
to mental or overwork, anxiety, physical fatigue, are entirely 
relieved by fifteen or twenty grains of Chloral. The refreshing 
sleep thus obtained is so pleasant and alluring that the Chloral 
habit is often formed ; consequently its excessive or too frequent 
use should be guarded against. In delirium tremens, where the 
delirium has succeeded to a recent debauch, no hypnotic is so 
uniformly successful. In old, worn-out drunkards, it often is 
injurious, producing violent excitement, instead of quiet sleep; 
and in large doses in these old cases, with fatty degeneration of 
the heart and arteries, Chloral may produce death. In insanity, 
acute mania, acute melancholia, puerperal mania, and general 
paralysis of the insane, in which wild delirium and wakefulness 
are prominent symptoms, hypnotic doses of Chloral have done 984 
CHLORAL. 
more good than any other known remedy. It gives quiet sleep at 
night, and is a soothing agent during the day. They leave off 
their destructive habits, and gain in strength and weight. It 
checks the desire for self-injury; melancholic patients become 
more cheerful; the appetite is increased,' and the action of the 
bladder and bowels improves. 
" Chloral is a remedy of great value in sea-sickness. From 
15 to 20 grs. every four hours, the recumbent posture for a short 
time, and suitable nourishment, are the most effective means we 
now possess for this troublesome disorder. In some cases of 
morning sickness, with much dizziness, faintness, repugnance to 
food, and but little vomiting." - Bartholow. 
In cerebral congestion, as in reaction from previous anaemia,. 
Chloral rivals the Bromides, if there is great heaviness of the 
head, with a feeling of compression as if the head was in a vice; 
much pain in the forehead and occiput; aching and redness of 
the eyes, photophobia and illusions of vision. These cases are 
often found in children to follow cholera-infantum, and in adults 
colliquative diarrhoea. 
For wakefulness caused by severe pain, Chloral is of but little 
value. It can only relieve pain by suspending the functions of 
the cerebrum, which will require dangerous doses. 
Eyes. - It will often be found of great value in acute con- 
junctivitis, with red, injected, blood-shot eyes; lids much 
swollen; itching and burning; eyeballs feel too large, with 
profuse irritating lachrymation. In some cases of granulation 
and ulceration of the lids and cornea give one grain of the crude 
drug ter die. 
Asthenopia, ocular hyperaesthesia, photophobia, etc. 
Mouth. - Traumatic odontalgia has often been cured with 
Chloral. If the teeth are decayed, clean out the cavity and fill it 
with the crude salt. 
Sexual Organs, Male. - For chordee during gonorrhoea, 
fifteen grains, taken at bed-time, is an excellent remedy; and it 
has cured many cases. It is an excellent injection in gonorrhoea. 
Chloral-eaters are said to lose their sexual desires; and it acts 
well in spermatorrhoea in plethoric, active temperaments. In 
incontinence of urine, it removes the spasmodic action of the 
detrusor vesicae, and thus cures spasmodic cases. 
Sexual Organs, Female. - For dysmenorrhoea, given in doses 
of from ten to fifteen grains, Chloral is an excellent remedy. It 
softens and relaxes the os uteri, thereby giving great relief. CHLORAL. 
985 
Labor,, - Very great relief is afforded by Chloral to the 
irregular pains of the first stage of labor, which cause much 
suffering, but do not advance the case. The rigid os and soft 
parts are overcome, and exhaustion prevented, when given so as 
to procure sleep. Dr. E. Lambert recommends Chloral in partu- 
rition in fifteen-grain doses every quarter of an hour until the 
patient falls asleep; stating that this treatment does not weaken 
the uterine contractions, while it prevents pain, and ensures 
calm repose after delivery; and Dr. Playfair thinks that Chloral 
acts far better than Chloroform inhalations, as Chloral does not 
lessen the strength of the contractions, whilst it greatly lessens 
the suffering. Moreover, it is chiefly applicable at a period when 
Chloroform can not be used; that is, towards the termination of 
the first stage, before the complete dilatation of the os. The 
patient falls into a drowsy state,-a sort of semi-sleep. He gives 
it in fifteen-grain doses, and repeats the dose in twenty minutes, 
leaving its subsequent administration to circumstances. For 
after-pains, in nervous-hysterical subjects, Chloral is excellent. 
In puerperal convulsions of a congestive character, in twenty-grain 
doses, it will arrest the convulsions. At the critical age, with 
severe flushings and excited circulation; contraction of the 
pupils; the face a dark scarlet color, from the roots of the hair 
to the ramus of the lower jaw, including the eyes, persistent 
under pressure, and blotchy in places, extending over the neck 
and chest. 
Hysteria. - In the uncontrollable nervous Agitation and 
spasms of hysteria, Chloral, given in fifteen-grain doses, will 
arrest the paroxysm sooner than any other known remedy. 
Chorea. - " Chloral is an efficacious remedy in those cases of 
intense chorea where the constancy and severity of the spasmodic 
movements threaten the life of the patient."-M. Bouchet. 
Respiratory Organs. - " Some of the respiratory neuroses 
are greatly benefited by Chloral. The paroxysms of spasmodic 
asthma may be arrested by it, and the spasmodic attacks of difficult 
breathing which accompany emphysema may be decidedly ame- 
liorated by timely doses of Chloral. In the spasmodic stage of 
u'hooping cough, great relief to the paroxysms may be obtained by 
this agent. Impending attacks of laryngismus stridulus may be 
prevented, and seizures already in action can be quickly arrested 
by full doses (five to fifteen grains) of Chloral."-Bartholow. 
Dr. Hughes Bennett has great confidence in Chloral to allay 
cough and produce sleep in phthisis. In heart disease, with 986 
CHLORAL. 
great dyspnoea and sense of suffocation, oppression of the base of 
the chest, tendency to faint, great sinking at the pit of the 
stomach, livid lips, excessively slow respiration, pulse weak and 
fast, and cold extremities, Chloral has acted finely. 
Spinal Symptoms. - In spasmodic affections this drug has 
proved of infinite service, especially in tetanus. Gubler cured 21 
cases out of 36; and Chopart has put on record 80 successful 
cases. No remedy equals Chloral for tetanus. It is also useful 
in tetanus from Strychnine-poisoning. In trismus and tetanic 
convulsions of very young infants, or in teething children, Chloral 
controls the spasms at once; and, if the drug can not be taken 
internally, give it by enemas per rectum. In tetanus, Chloral 
must be given in massive doses of from ten to fifty grains, accord- 
ing to circumstances. When the spasms prevent its internal 
administration, give it in double the quantity by the rectum. 
Skin. - For urticaria Chloral is well nigh being a specific. 
In doses of from one to five grains it has made brilliant cures. 
Foul Wounds.-A solution of Chloral is an excellent anti- 
septic dressing to foul wounds: it destroys the odor of putrefac- 
tion, arrests fermentation, and promotes healthy granulations. 
Livid erythematous rash from slight causes, as a glass of 
wine ; in some cases this rash is followed by desquamation. 
Ferrous itching in pruritus, affecting the whole body, coming 
on after undressing at night. 
Pruritus Vulvce. - Locally and internally of much service. 
Scarlet Fever. - The rash produced by Chloral closely re- 
sembles that of scarlatina; and, from the power the drug has to 
reduce the temperature, and prevent decomposition, it must 
prove of great service in this disease. 
Puerperal Fever, being caused by septic poisoning, must find a 
good remedy in Chloral. 
Dose. - From one to thirty grains, according to age. A good 
rule is to give to a child as many grains as he is years old, up to 
the age of twenty years; and the best vehicle in which to ad- 
minister the drug is the Syrup of Tola. IODOFORM. 
987 
IODOFORM. 
Chemical preparation. Triturations. Alcoholic attenuations Two parts by 
weight of Iodoform to nine by weight of Alcohol. 
Antidotes.-Starch. Mineral Acids. 
Synergists,-Alkalies, Mercurials, and remedies which increase waste. 
Through the cerebro-spinal system, Iodoform has nine special centers of 
action: 
I. Glandular System. Conges.; Hypertrophy; Hyper-Secre. 
II. Cerebro-Spinal System. Litox.; Convul; Anesthesia. 
III. Skin. Local Anesthetic; Ulcerations. 
IV. Circulation. Dim. Blood-Pres.; Rapid, Weak Pulse. 
V. Temperature. Greatly Elevated. 
VI. Vagi. Paralysis of Respiratory Centers; Asphyxia. 
VII. Liver and Kidneys. Fatty Degeneration. 
Glandular System. - The action of Iodoform on the system 
has not been sufficiently investigated; but, three-quarters of the 
drug being composed of Iodine, its action must greatly resemble 
that of Iodine. 
Cerebro-Spinal System.-In animals, large non-toxic doses 
cause symptoms of intoxication, tottering, weakness, loss of 
appetite; lethal doses, violent opisthotonos, convulsions, hurried 
breathing, and finally death. Iodoform in large amounts (30 to 
40 grs. per day), produces toxic symptoms; headache, muscular 
twitching, malaise, vomiting, intoxication, and delirium, which 
last from seven to ten days. 
"A woman took forty-two grammes of Iodoform in eighty days, 
and then had a sudden attack of giddiness, weakness in the legs, 
double vision, followed by a period of excitement, interrupted by 
broken sleep, with headache, sensations of impending death, 
constant convulsive movements, and irregular respiration. After 
improvement the resumption of the Iodoform was at once followed 
by a relapse." - Oberlander. 
A constant symptom from toxic doses is deep sleep and loss 
of reflex activity. Death results from asphyxia due to paralysis 
of the respiratory centers. Post-mortem examinations reveal, as 
a rule, extensive fatty degeneration of the heart, lungs, liver, 
kidneys and muscular system. 
lodofonnum. 988 
IODOFORM. 
Dr. H. B. Sands says, that, when Iodoform is used to excess 
(one to two ounces at a time), in large wounds, remarkable 
manifestations of poisoning, due to perverted cerebral action, 
take place. "Every degree of intoxication has been observed, 
from simple exaggeration of nervous excitability to the condition 
of acute mania. In the lighter cases patients are restless and 
uncomfortable, complaining of headache, loss of appetite, wake- 
fulness, and the constant taste of Iodoform. . . . Profound 
mental despondency, inability to eat or sleep, spectral illusions, 
delirium more or less violent, and suicidal propensities are the 
most frequent manifestations of the morbid state. Sometimes 
the patient is noisy and abusive; at other times his actions are 
stealthy, and he will endeavor to run from his bedroom or jump 
out of the window in order to escape from a fancied enemy. 
From such a condition many persons recover; while others die, 
often suddenly, from exhaustion or coma. No antidote has been 
discovered for this condition, but to discontinue the use of the 
drug." 
Skin. - It causes local anaesthesia, eczema, and ulcerations. 
Circulation. - Toxic doses produce great increase in the 
frequency of the pulse, with corresponding elevation of the 
temperature. This great frequency of the pulse (140 to 180) is 
caused from weakness and diminished blood-pressure. 
Temperature. - Iodoform greatly elevates the temperature, 
producing feeble and rapid pulse, closely resembling the effects 
of septicaemia and pycemia. Hence its utility in low forms of 
septic diseases. Many cases of poisoning are being reported 
from the excessive use of Iodoform in wounds and old ulcerations. 
The toxic effect depends much upon the extent of the absorbing 
surface, a fresh wound will absorb more rapidly than one that is 
granulating, and old persons are especially liable to suffer from 
lodoform-poisoning, while such is not the case with children. 
All cases of poisoning take on the form of a low septic disease. 
Vagi. -Lethal doses of Iodoform produce, as constant symp- 
toms, deep sleep and loss of reflex activity. Death occurs from 
asphyxia, due to paralysis of the respiratory centers, with fatty 
degeneration of the lungs and heart. 
Liver. -Fatty degeneration has been found after death. 
Kidneys.-It is rapidly excreted by the kidneys. When 
used to excess it produces fatty degeneration. IODOFORM. 
989 
Antiseptic.-Iodoform is one of the most valuable antiseptics, 
and well has it been utilized in antiseptic surgery. Wounds 
treated with it remain aseptic for weeks. 
Therapeutic Individuality. 
General Indications.-The therapeutic properties of Iodo- 
form have not as yet been fully learned; but its use as an 
antiseptic dressing in wounds, especially about the mouth, rec- 
tum, and bladder, and in old ulcerations of the skin, are most 
brilliant and gratifying. Mosetigmoorhof's (the originator of the 
Iodoform treatment) first application of this agent was to wounds 
following excision of joints of a strumous or tubercular character. 
The success attending its use in these cases led him to employ it 
in general practice as an antiseptic, and his confidence became 
strengthened by increased experience in its use. He claims that 
Iodoform is a specific for local tubercular processes. Its most 
important effects are of a local character; but a remotely bene- 
ficial effect is also developed. That it is a remedy possessing 
decided antiseptic properties is certain. 
The favorable local influence of Iodoform, when applied to 
open wounds, has been noticed by all surgeons who have em- 
ployed it. The wounds remain free from pain; the discharge is 
thin and scanty; the surrounding integument free from inflam- 
matory swelling; erysipelatous inflammation very seldom occur- 
ring ; and the formation of healthy granulations goes on rapidly 
and without interruption. Infrequent dressings are sufficient, as 
the Iodoform disappears very slowly; and, until the reparative 
process is far advanced, no change of treatment is rendered 
necessary. When, however, granulation is well established, and 
the wound has become contracted in size, other applications are 
often preferable. Its superiority to Carbolic acid depends mainly 
on the fact, that, while the direct contact of the Acid causes 
irritation and suppuration, Iodoform has an opposite effect, 
restraining inflammation, and promoting the work of repair. 
After operations upon the rectum, cancerous tumors of the 
tongue, the floor of the mouth, tonsils and jaws, disinfection of 
the wound, although extremely desirable, can not be safely 
obtained by Carbolic acid, on account of its poisonous properties ; 
consequently the wound becomes extremely offensive, and septicae- 
mia often sets in. In these cases, Iodoform has been used with 
signal success. The operation-wound, being plugged with a 
strip of gauze impregnated with Iodoform, remains aseptic; and 990 
IODOFORM. 
frequent removal of the dressing is unnecessary. Prof. Billroth 
has lately made twelve consecutive amputations of the tongue, 
and healed them in this manner, without a fatal result, most of 
the operations extensive and severe, involving a removal of the 
floor of the mouth. 
Iodoform has long been known as a valuable remedy when 
applied to unhealthy and fetid ulcers; and its excellence in this 
respect has been confirmed by recent observation. I have 
repeatedly employed it with the happiest effect in this class of 
cases, and have been surprised to notice how quickly the ulcers 
become inoffensive and covered with florid, healthy granulations. 
" In treating open wounds with Iodoform, I have followed the 
usual practice of covering the surface with a thin layer of the 
powder, dusted from a pepper-box; afterward applying a layer 
of cheese-cloth, a coat of absorbent cotton, a piece of gutta- 
percha tissue, and a bandage. In operation-wounds intended 
to be closed, with the object of obtaining union by adhesion, wash 
the wound with a solution of Carbolic acid, and, after uniting the 
edges with sutures, with or without the insertion of a drainage- 
tube, cover the surface with half a dozen layers of cheese-cloth, 
lightly dusted with powdered Iodoform, over which apply a mass 
of Salicylated or absorbent cotton, a piece of gutta-percha tissue 
and a gauze bandage. The dressings are renewed on the second or 
third day, and afterward at longer intervals."-II. B. Sands, M. D. 
In the hospitals and clinics of Vienna, all wounds, no matter 
where situated, are treated with Iodoform with splendid results. 
The Iodoform powder is rubbed into gauze as we rub Plaster of 
Paris into our bandages. This gauze is applied directly to a 
wound, after freely dusting the same with the powder; over the 
gauze comes a large pad of absorbent cotton, and over this a 
large piece of oiled silk, gutta-percha paper, or jaconet; and then 
the bandage. In cases where there are fistulge, crayons made of 
Iodoform and gelatine (one part to two), or of Iodoform and 
tragacanth, are inserted. 
The advantages claimed for this method of treatment are: 
that it is entirely aseptic ; there is no formation of pus, as a rule, 
but only of a serous secretion, such as found under the Lister 
dressing. The bandages can be left on, eight, fourteen, or even 
twenty days, without harm; it is, thinks Podrazky, the ideal 
antiseptic dressing for armies. 
Ulcers, Etc. - Old Ulcers. - Its effects are more certain when 
fungous granulations are previously removed. This is absolutely IODOFORM. 
991 
necessary, however, only in caries fungosa. It hastens granula- 
tion, prevents sepsis, has a local sedative action of great value, 
and is, when sprinkled upon the wound, a reliable antiseptic. 
Syphilitic Ulcers. - The testimony is especially strong as to 
the value of Iodoform in the soft chancre, and also in all syphi- 
litic ulcers. My experience has been, that, m soft chancre, we 
have no drug that can take its place, when applied locally, either 
in the form of a powder or Ether solution. In unhealthy, fetid, 
red, indolent leg ulcers, the Ether solution is often the best form 
that can be used. 
Buboes. - The injections of Glycerine and Iodoform into 
buboes from hard chancre has proved successful. 
Anal Fissure.-Iodoform, in the form of suppositories, gives 
immediate relief, and will cure many cases. 
Lymphatics. - Goiter.-The injections of the Glycerole of 
Iodoform, at the same time taking it internally (1 to 3 grs.), is 
not only safe, but has cured many cases. 
Exophthalmic Goiter. - Iodine (2 to 3 grs., bis die) has given 
very satisfactory results to Dr. Carpenter. 
Lymphatic Glandular Tumors. - Inject the Glycerole of Iodo- 
form directly into the tumor, and at the same time take the drug 
internally. 
Gynaecological Practice. - Dr. Foster has had prompt and 
satisfactory results with the local use of Iodoform as a sorbefa- 
cient in cases in which chronic extra-uterine exudation and its 
sequelae were the chief factors. His three great remedies for 
extra-uterine pelvic inflammation are: (1st) hot water; (2d) 
Iodoform; (3d) Galvanism. He applies the Iodoform to the 
upper part of the vagina, and tampons the whole vaginal canal 
with wickmg. The taste of the drug thus applied is sometimes 
complained of immediately, indicating its prompt absorption. 
11 In pruritus vulvae, hyperaesthesia of vulvo-vaginal orifice, 
and inflammation of Bartholin's gland, it was more serviceable 
than any other remedy."-Dr. Foster. 
Cervical Hyperplasia.-Iodoform often cures. 
Dysmenorrhcea. - Rectal suppositories of Iodoform often give 
relief in sensitive temperaments. 
Membranous Dysmenorrhcea.-Iodoform has been employed 
with exceedingly gratifying results; many cases having been 
cured by local applications, used twice a week, mixed with Peru- 
vian balsam to destroy the odor; a drachm of Iodoform to half a 
drachm of the Balsam and one ounce of Glycerine. In erosions 992 
IODOFORM. 
and ulcerations of the os uteri, Iodoform locally packed about the 
os, does excellent service. 
Uterine Cancer. - No remedy will do as much for this terrible 
disease as the local application of Iodoform. The pain is relieved, 
the fetor destroyed, and cicatrization is promoted. When the 
discharge is great, apply in powder; when very painful, use 
Cocoa-butter suppositories containing 5 to 10 grains, or Iodoform 
one part, Ether two parts, and Collodion ten parts. 
Skin. - In skin diseases, attended with excessive secretions, 
the effects of the external application of Iodoform are so favorable 
and decided that its use must become general. Moist, suppurat- 
ing, eczematous eruptions, with much itching. 
For impetigo larvalis, with mattery, yellow-scabbed patches 
on the faces of children or adults. Powder or ointment. 
Herpes, Circinatus and Zoster. - Iodoform 15, to 1 oz. of the 
Oil of Eucalyptus, painted on the diseased surface, often cures in 
a few days. 
Ulcers of the Leg, Cracked Nipples, and All Kinds of Indolent 
Ulcers with Raised Edges.-Iodoform in powder, ointment, or 
mixed with the Balsam of Peru or Ether, and applied. 
Burns. - Iodoform in Cosmoline or Glycerine is excellent; or 
Iodoform one part, Ether two parts, and Collodion ten parts. 
Chafing of Infants.-Apply first decimal trituration. 
Sexual Organs.-For Gonorrhoea use suppositories of Iodo- 
form 15 with Cocoa-butter 15, applied with a hollow silver tube 
one-fifth of an inch in diameter. This melts and takes effect at 
once. These suppositories are a complete substitute for injec- 
tions, and more efficacious. Fissure of the female urethra yields 
promptly to them. 
Eyes.- For granulated lids, apply Iodoform, first decimal, 
directly to the everted lids with a soft brush. This often cures 
cases of months' standing in a few weeks. 
Throat. - Granular pharyngitis, in its most obstinate form, 
will often yield to the local and internal use of Iodoform. 
Nose. -Chronic Nasal Catarrh. - Wash out the nares with a 
solution of common salt; and then apply Iodoform by insuffla- 
tion, or as an ointment on absorbent cotton; introduce at night, 
and leave there till morning. Apply every night. Many obstinate 
cases have been cured in ten days. 
To Deodorize.- Owing to the bad odor of this drug, many 
object to its use. This can be partially overcome by mixing it 
with Ether, Balsam of Peru, and the Tonka bean. NOVEMBER, 1882. 
DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE 
OF 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S 
HOMOEOPATHIC 
Medical Works. 
For Sale at all Homoeopathic Pharmacies, or 
will be sent prepaid on receipt of price. 
CHICAGO: 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE. 
1882. GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
The Science and Art of Obstetrics, by Sheldon Leavitt, M. D., 
Prof, of Obstetrics and Clinical Midwifery in Hahnemann 
Medical College and Hospital, Chicago; author of " The 
Therapeutics of Obstetrics," etc. About 658 pages, royal 
octavo. Price, cloth, $6.00; sheep, $7.00. 
This work is intended to till the want so long felt by Homoeopathic 
teachers of Obstetrics, students, and practitioners, of a text book which 
should deal with the subject as both a science and art, and embody the 
researches and improvements which have been made in this branch of medi- 
cine during the past few years. The work has been carefully prepared, and 
sets in the foreground no theories or empty chimeras in respect to etiology, 
pathology, diagnosis or treatment, but accepted ideas, and rational deduc- 
tions from extensive observations and experience. 
The book has between two and three hundred finely-executed illustra- 
tions, many of them original, and the text is clear and compact; the scope 
of the work is comprehensive and the general treatment of the subject 
concise, yet perspicuous. No pains have been spared by either author or 
publishers to make it a credit to our school of medicine, and to afford instruc- 
tion of the amplest and most approved kind. 
"The text on the Anatomy of the Pelvis and the physiology and development of the 
ovum shows a familiarity with the best authorities extant. The chapter on the Diagnosis 
of Pregnancy and the drawings pointing out the areas over which the foetal heart-beat can 
be heard are particularly accurate and true. Jf these first four chapters are an earnest of 
the value of the forthcoming book, then we shall be proud of our school for giving us such a 
man. The Publishers-Gross & Delbridge, will do their duty and present the book hand- 
somely."-In Oct. Review, St. Louis. 
"We are in receipt of advance sheets, covering nearly one-half the text of this forthcom- 
ing book, which promises to be a text book par excellence, as the matter appears to be 
concisely prepared and quite free from the theory and quotation, which so often form the 
bulk of similar works. In other words, we may say that it is the vade mecum of the depart- 
ment which it represents, and compares favorably with a similar work prepared by Prof. T. 
G. Thomas, for the use of his students. 
A marked feature of the book is its divisions and sub-divisions, by means of which the 
student will the more readily grasp and complete the study of each particular subject before 
entering upon another. This we consider an important point in a book of this character. 
The illustrations embrace some two hundred and fifty figures of excellent design and 
execution; many of them are original, and some are drawn from life. These drawings are 
of inestimable value to the student of midwifery. 
The pelvic anatomy is so clearly and concisely stated, and so well illustrated, that the 
student is saved much labor In his attempt to memorize the points which are so absolutely 
necessary to a ground-work of this important subject. 
The aim of the author has evidently been to present a clear, dignified and creditable 
treatise on the subject, and as far as we have examined, all important points seem to have 
been touched upon and the practical ones sufficiently elaborated. 
The physical part of the work, so far as we can judge, will be faultless, as might be ex- 
pected, the name of the publishers being sufficient guarantee in this particular. 
This work must certainly become the text-book of our colleges, and it will also be found 
an excellent hand-book for the busy practitioner, because every important point of obste- 
tric practice is so clearly stated, and from the arrangement, so readily found. 
We congratulate the author on the success of his effort, the publishers on their oppor- 
tunity to issue so worthy a book, and "Our School" on possessing the ability within itself 
which has made such an undertaking possible."-New York Medical Times. 
For sale by all Pharmacies, or sent free on receipt of price. 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
A Physiological Materia Medica, containing all that is 
known of the Physiological Action of our Remedies, their 
Characteristic Indications, and their Pharmacology. By W. 
H. Burt, M. D. Chicago: Gross & Delbridge. 1881. 992 
pages. Cloth, $7; Sheep, $8. Third edition. For sale by 
Homceopathic Pharmacies, or sent free by the Publishers, on 
receipt of price. 
We believe that no book on Materia Medica in our literature so 
completely meets the requirements of the Physician and Student 
as this; and, as proof of the correctness of this opinion, we have 
to announce the sale of the entire first edition in ninety days. 
Such a reception has never been awarded before to any book in 
Homceopathic literature. The demand for the work indicates that 
its appearance was opportune, and that its plan and execution 
are approved by the Profession. We have received a large num- 
ber of favorable notices both from Physicians and the Press, from 
which we make the following selections: 
Dr. Burt has brought together in a compact and well-arranged form an im- 
mense amount of information. The profession will fully appreciate the labor 
and skill with which the author has presented the physiological and patho- 
logical action of each drug on the organism.-New York Medical Times. 
Me are sure that Dr. Burt's new work will have deservedly a rapid sale. 
Gross & Delbridge are a new publishing house in the medical line ; but cer- 
tainly they must be old hands in the business, for paper and printing leave 
nothing to be desired. May they never falter in such laudable work, and the 
eyes of the readers will bless them forever.-Dr. Lilienthal in North Ameri- 
can Journal of Homoeopathy. 
An enthusiastic yearning for the whys and wherefores of our wondrous 
Therapeutic art has brought Dr. Burt to the front again among the best book- 
makers of our time.-St. Louis Clinical Review. 
Dr. Burt has enriched our literature with many valuable contributions, and 
the work before us gives proof of the value of his well directed labors.- 
Detroit Medical Observer. 
We can recommend the book as full of interesting and profitable reading. 
-Hahnemannian Monthly. 
Dr. Burt has the power of sifting the tares from the wheat.-Chicago Med- 
ical Times. 
We cordially recommend Dr. Burt's book.- New England Medical Gazette. 
Have just received Burt's Materia Medica. It is a work long needed, and 
the printing and binding are a credit to your house.-R. W. Nelson, M. D. 
It is a keystone of medical study, and the printing and binding are the very 
best.- G. II. Morrison, M. D. 
The work is a credit to Chicago.-Medical Investigator. 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
A Complete Minor Surgery. The Physician's Vade-mecum. 
Including a Treatise on Venereal Diseases. Just published. 
By E. C. Franklin, M. D., Professor of Surgery in the Uni- 
versity of Michigan. Author of "Science and Art of Sur- 
gery," etc. Illustrated with 260 wood cuts. 423 pps. Octavo. 
Price, cloth, $4.00. Sheep, $4.50. 
This work is just such a one as might be expected from the pen of one 
experienced in teaching as our veteran author, and is properly designated as 
"complete." The text is lucidly and concisely written, the therapeutics 
clear and practical, and the whole is well adapted to the uses of the general 
practitioner. This book fills a gap which has never before been met, and we 
prognosticate a large demand for it.-New York Medical Times. 
Prof. Franklin has given us a work containing some new features, and 
embracing a larger field than has heretofore been covered by manuals of 
minor surgery. The work is well illustrated, and is every way a most con- 
venient and satisfactory treatise.- Chicago Medical Times (Eclectic.} 
This is a work containing all the general practitioner of medicine should 
endeavor to assimilate on the subject of surgery. For ready references and 
emergencies this work is not surpassed. We heartily recommend the work 
to the profession. The publishers have done good work in issuing the book 
so creditably, and the profession will appreciate the large distinct type used, 
and the prominence given words so as to enable the reader to secure readily 
that which he is looking for.-Cincinnati Medical Advance. 
Dr. Charles Adams, Professor of Surgery in the Chicago Homoeopathic 
College says of this new work: I have been very much pleased in the perusal 
of Franklin's Minor Surgery, issued by your house. The book, I have no 
doubt, will prove useful to the busy practitioner, and add to the reputation 
of the learned author." 
Dr. R. N. Tooker, Professor of Diseases of Children, in the Chicago 
Homoeopathic College, in reviewing the book says: " It could not be ex- 
pected that Dr. Franklin would do otherwise than write a book that would 
be creditable both to himself and to the school of medicine to which he 
belongs. He has done more than this, for this work is a veritable and valua- 
ble 'Vade mecum' to the practitioner, and there are very few members of our 
profession who would not find it a profitable companion. His instruction on 
Bandaging and the application and construction of apparatus, are full and 
unusually explicit. His chapters on Venereal Diseases are alone worth the 
price of the book, and are fully up to the times." 
With this book in possession no practitioner will need any other text 
book on Minor Surgery. It is full and complete, and any bandage, dressing 
and instrument known or used is illustrated.-Dr. Valentine in Clinical Re- 
view (St. Louis.) 
For Sale at all the Pharmacies, or sent free on receipt of 
price. 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
Ail Index of Comparative Therapeutics, with a pro- 
nouncing Dose-List in the genitive case,-a Homoeopathic 
Dose-List,-Tables of Differential Diagnosis, Weights and 
Measures,-Memoranda concerning Clinical Thermometry, 
Incompatibility of Medicines, Ethics, Obstetrics, Poisons, 
Anaesthetics, Urinary Examinations, Homoeopathic Pharma- 
cology and Nomenclature, etc., etc. By Samuel 0. L. Potter, 
A. M., M. D., late President of the Milwaukee Academy of 
Medicine, author of " The Logical Basis of the High Potency 
Question," "Munchausen Microscopy," etc. Second edition. 
The leading feature of this book is its comparative tabular ar- 
rangement of the therapeutics of the two great medical schools. 
Under each disease are placed in parallel columns the remedies 
recommended by the most eminent and liberal teachers in both 
branches of the profession. By a simple arrangement of the 
type used, there are shown at a glance the remedies used by both 
schools, as well as the remedies peculiar to each, for any given 
morbid condition. Over forty prominent teachers are referred to, 
besides occasional references to more than thirty others. In the 
first class are Bartholow, Ringer, Phillips, Piffard, Trousseau, and 
Waring of the old school; Hempel, Hughes, Hale, Ruddock and 
Jousset among modern homoeopathic authorities. 
"Dr. Potter's compilation must be the result of a large amount of pains- 
taking and accurate work, and will be appreciated. As an index it is very 
elaborate and serviceable."-New England Medical Gazette. 
"The work is really a multum in parvo ; as an index it is exhaustive, and 
very often it supplies in few words the very information that is wanted."- 
British Journal of Homoeopathy. 
" I am much pleased with your Index. It is strong and will find sale 
among old as well as new school men."-Dr. J. P. Dake, Nashville, Tenn. 
" It will furnish the busy practitioner with a summary of immense practical 
value."-Dr. H. M. Paine, Albany, N. T. 
."It will be held in high appreciation by a large class of practitioners."- 
Dr. C. P. Hart, Wyoming, 0. 
"As a work of merit it will be appreciated by the profession generally."- 
Dr. J. 8. Fisher, Ada, G. 
"I like the idea very much; besides giving many valuable hints to the 
practical physician, it is very interesting from a theoretical point of view."- 
Dr. H. U. Glapp, Boston. 
For sale at the Pharmacies, or sent free on receipt of price. 
Price, m cloth, $2.00; in flexible morocco, tuck, $2.50. 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
Lectures on Clinical Medicine. By M. Le Dr. P. Jousset, 
Physician to the Hospital Saint-Jacques, of Paris; Professor 
of Pathology and Clinical Medicine ; Editor of L'Art Medical. 
Translated with copious Notes and Additions by R. Ludlam, 
M. D., Professor of the Medical and Surgical Diseases of 
Women and of Clinical Midwifery in the Hahnemann Medi- 
cal College and Hospital of Chicago. Large 8vo. of over 500 
pages, cloth, $4.50; half morocco, $5.00. 
This work is one of very great interest to the profession and to 
students, embodying, as it does, about forty years of experience 
on the part of the author, and that of nearly thirty years by the 
translator. It sets forth the best and freshest pathological views; 
the most practical application of the homoeopathic method of 
treating disease; and a clear and forcible bed-side analysis of the 
cases that are presented. The author discusses, from a very 
practical standpoint, the questions of Alternation, Attenuation, 
Dose and Repetition, and of Individualization and Aggravation. 
The subjects embraced in these lectures include Asthma, Emphy- 
sema, Rheumatic Endocarditis, Articular Rheumatism, Bronchitis, 
Pneumonia, Croup, Diphtheria, Typhoid Fever, Nephritis, Albu- 
minuria, Haemoptysis, Haemorrhoids,Chronic Gastritis,Scrofulous 
Ophthalmia, Hydrarthrosis, Pelvi-Peritonitis, Vaginismus, Men- 
orrhagia, etc. 
The practitioner may here find cases analogous to puzzlers 
which occur in his own practice, and cannot fail to be benefited 
by their perusal. 
"The work presents the latest pathological data, the most practical method 
of treating disease homoeopathically, and a critical analysis of each case 
related. It is eminently practical and demands the use of well proved reme- 
dies."-From the Hahnemannian Monthly, Philadelphia. 
It contains the very best and most reliable clinical experience in the prac- 
tice of homoeopathy of any work extant in the profession.-A. E. Small, M. 
D., tn the Chicago Tribune. 
I have carefully read the work and hardly know whether I admire more, 
the plain thorough pathology and diagnosis, or the practical common sense, 
honest treatment set forth. * * The Notes of Dr. Ludlam are in keeping 
with our best American authorship.-J. P. Dake, M. D., Nashville, Tenn. 
The book is of great value to practitioners and students of medicine.-J. 
W Dowling, M. I)., Dean of the New York Homoeopathic Medical College. 
I have read the work with a great deal of interest and find it to be eminently 
practical, and of great value to the profession.- T. G. Comstock, M. D., St. 
Louis, Mo. 
I have spent considerable time in examining Dr. Ludlam's translation of 
Jousset's Clinical Medicine and cannot speak too highly of it. It fills a place 
in our literature which has hitherto always been vacant -77. C. Clapp, M D., 
Editor of the New England Medical Gazette, Boston, Mass. 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
Antiseptic Medication, or Declat's Method. -By Nicho. 
Francis Cooke, M. D., LL. D. Emeritus Professor of The- 
ory and Practice in the Hahnemann Medical College and 
Hospital of Chicago. 128 pp. 12 mo. cloth, 1882. Price $1.00. 
Gross & Delbridge, Chicago, Publishers. 
This is the first, and must continue to be for some time, the 
only treatise on this vitally important subject, in the English 
language. It is plain and practical. Though written only for the 
physician, it cannot fail to attract attention from the intelligent 
layman every where. Especially will it be welcome to the sufferers 
from Consumption, Cancer, Py.emia, Necrosis and all forms of 
blood-poisoning, and Malaria. 
For the matter of this volume Dr. Cooke confesses his large indebtedness to 
Dr. D6clat; but the remarkable cures of tuberculosis, cancer, septicaemia, 
eczema, and malarial fevers recorded in the latter half of the book are strictly 
original. The only treatise on the subject in the language, it must inevitably 
fall under the eye of every intelligent physician, and the present notice may 
therefore be limited to a description of its contents. These consist of an intro- 
duction, which not more lucidly sets forth the teachings of Ddclat than it ef- 
fectually demolishes the claims of his rivals, Lemaire and Lister; some remarks 
on < antiseptics in general, giving preference, to phenic acid and the 
protochloride of iron prepared according to Boudreaux's method; and an ex- 
amination of phenic acid, both in its chemical and therapeutical aspects. Be- 
sides all this, we have directions for the use of the hypodermic syringe; and 
last, and most interesting of all to the laity, who care little how they are cured, 
full accounts of a number of cases that have been successfully treated by the 
method of Declat. The average medical man, who is more likely to close his 
ears to the voice of the sage than to the song of the siren, vill skim lightly 
over the cases of cancer, and say in his easy, superior way, that not one of them 
was a case of true cancer. He will certainly say this to his own patients, for 
whose enlightenment it may be well to mention that Dr. Cooke is an Emeritus 
Professor of Diagnosis. Dr. Cooke has been wonderfully fortunate in his use 
of the new remedy, but he has the candor to admit that he has not always 
been victorious.-The Chicago Tribune, Sept. 11th, 1882. 
" Antiseptic Medication " is a small volume by Dr. N. F. Cooke, of the Hahne- 
mann Medical college of this city, avowedly a treatise on the theory and method 
of Dr. D6clat, a recent visitor from the old world, which have attracted a great 
deal of attention of late. It is pretty generally safe to suspect something of 
exaggeration in almost anything which takes so sudden a hold upon popular 
enthusiasm, but it must be said, from hastily running through Dr. Cooke's ad- 
vance sheets, that he makes out a pretty strong case. * * * * 
The subject-matter treated of in Dr. Cooke's book belongs especially to the 
medical profession, and the volume can scarcely fail to be one of great interest 
to all of that profession not "hide-bound," as it is called, in foregone conclusions. 
It is clearly the work of an earnest, thoughtful, and scientific man, even 
if nothing else was known of the author.-Chicago Times, Sept. 11th, 1882. 
Sent free on receipt of price. 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROS S & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
How to Feed the Sick; or, Diet in Disease. By Charles 
Gatchell, M. D. Second edition, revised and enlarged. 
12 mo. 160 pp., 1882. Price $1.00. 
This work is a very practical and timely volume not only for 
those who are sick, but also for those who are not really well, and 
to whom the problem, "What shall I eat," is of vital importance. 
As introductory, the various forms of animal, vegetable and 
inorganic foods a.re considered and their relative merits carefully 
pointed out. The Chapters that follow are devoted to such prac- 
tical subjects as How to feed your patients, Diet for Dyspepsia 
with aids to Digestion, Diet for Constipation, Rectal Alimenta- 
tion, etc.; Diet in Consumption, Diet in Diabetis, Bright's 
Disease, Gravel; How to nurse the Baby, How to choose a Wet 
Nurse, How to wean the Baby, How to feed the Baby, Diet for 
Cholera Infantum, Diet for Travelers, Seasickness, the Corpulent, 
Scrofula, Rickets, Scurvy, Chlorosis, Collapse, Rheumatism, 
Asthma, Heart Disease, Alcoholism, Diarrhoea, Dysentery, Chol- 
era, Diphtheria, Gastritis, Biliousness, etc. Diet for convales- 
cents is a valuable chapter. Then follows a long and carefully 
prepared list of recipes for the preparation of Beverages, Meats, 
Broths, Soups, Breads, Gruels, etc., etc. 
Milwaukee, Wis. 
"I consider your work on "How to Feed the Sick" to be the most 
practical, and therefore the most useful, work on the subject with which I 
am acquainted. No physician should be without it; every mother should 
have it. It is in use in many of the households in which I practice." 
C. C. Olmsted, M. D. 
"This work is plain, practical and valuable. It is really a clinical guide 
on diet, and one the profession will find reliable and correct."-United States 
Medical Investigator. 
"Evidently much investigation, thought and carefulness have entered 
into the production of this work, and we believe it to be worthy a place in 
every household."-lhe Magnet. 
* * * "We have carefully examined the work and shall cheerfully 
recommend it for family use. The directions as to what food and drinks, 
and modes of preparation are very judicious." ***** 
Janesville, Wis. Resp. Yours, Dr. G. W. Chittenden & Son. 
Milwaukee, Wis., Sept. 8, 1880. 
"Professor Gatchell's "How to Feed the Sick" is the best book on the 
subject for the people. It contains in 160 pages an astonishing amount of 
condensed information on a subject of great importance, and one but little 
understood. Its style is admirable, pithy and to the point. The book has 
no padding about it, and deserves an immense sale." 
Sam'l Potter, M. D. 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
IN PRESS. 
BURT'S 
Compendium to "Physiological Materia Medica," 
THE 
Practitioner's Pocket Companion, 
Containing 
Practical Hints on the Following Subjects : 
Abbreviations, Weights and Measures, The Pulse, Tempera- 
ture, The Tongue, Dentition, Urinary Analysis, Deodorizing and 
Disinfecting Agents, Duration of Pregnancy, Mean Time of Di- 
gestion of the Different Articles of Diet, Poisons and their Anti- 
dotes, Asphyxia from Various Causes, Impurities in Water, Post- 
mortem Examinations, Medico-legal Examinations, Woman's and 
Cow's Milk, Dietary Table for the Sick, Mineral Waters. 
THEN FOLLOWS: 
The Name and Signification of every Disease, Medical, Surgical, 
Obstetrical and Gynecological, together with a complete enumera- 
tion of all the remedies used in each disease, arranged in three 
classes, according to their value, which is followed by all the 
adjuvants used in each disease-something sadly neglected in our 
school. Finally giving the True Characteristic Therapeutics of the 
principal drugs in our Materia Medica, so arranged as to be read- 
ily memorized by the student of medicine. 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROSS &DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
IN PRESS. 
Practitioner's Guide to Urinalysis. By Clifford Mitchell, 
A. D., M. D., author of "Manual of Urinary Analysis," "Clinical 
Significance of Urine," etc. 260 pages, illustrated. Price, $1.50. 
The object of this work is to teach, whether any one be greatly ex- 
perienced or not in the use of Chemicals and the Microscope. He may by its 
means learn how to analyze a specimen of urine, examine any sediment with 
the microscope, and having done so ascertain the clinical significance of such 
constituents as have been found. 
The Introduction gives more details in regard to the use of Chemicals and 
the Microscope than any book on the Urine yet published. How to use test- 
tubes, pipettes, beakers-How to heat, boil, and filter urine-How to collect 
the urine of twenty-four hours - What chemicals are necessary for an ex- 
amination of urine and how to keep them-What chemicals used stain the 
skin or clothing and how, if possible, to remove the stains-What chemicals 
used are poisonous and what their antidotes-What chemical apparatus is 
necessary, with descriptions-How to collect sediments for chemical analysis 
if desired-names of the component parts of the microscope-How to ex- 
amine sediments microscopically and to use micro-chemical re-agents-How 
to take care of and clean the microscope-Explanation of metric system 
equivalents, etc., etc. 
Part I. tells in concise language how to examine a specimen of urine 
chemically and microscopically in the shortest and simplest manner; any phy- 
sician can use the tests given intelligently and accurately. An original and 
most valuable feature of Part I. is the plan of inserting here and there a 
"Clinical Summary" explaining in concise terms the clinical significance of 
all constituents thus far demonstrated. In these " Summaries" the practioner 
will find hints to Diagnosis which, if in other works at all, are scattered through 
scores of pages. The student studying for examination will find them intoto 
an invaluable synopsis. How to detect and estimate albumin and tell if it be 
of kidney origin-How sugar, bile, the contents of deposits, as blood, pus, 
uric acid, casts, etc. may be identified with numerous cuts showing the 
microscopical appearance of the contents of sediments. The detection and 
estimation of normal constituents, as urea, sodium chloride, the phosphates, 
etc. are described and hints given with reference to calculi. 
Part II. is for the physician who is "studying up a case" and desires an 
epitome of the latest scientific knowledge on the subject, physiological, 
fjathological. semiological, microscopical and chemical. Comprehensive 
ists are given of diseases and conditions in which albumin, sugar, blood, 
pus, casts, epithelia and other important constituents appear-when the 
prognosis is favorable, when doubtful. Complete description of the urine in 
various forms of Bright's disease, in diabetes, in the oxalic acid and uric 
acid, diathesis,! etc., etc.-part played by the normal constituents, urea, 
sodium chloride, phosphates, etc. in disease. Normal urine, its quantity, 
color, odor, reaction, specific gravity, amount of solids, etc. is described and 
the Author's statistics on the daily amount collected for sixty-eight consecu- 
tive days given. Abnormal urine is then similarly described and the effect 
of poisons on it noted. 
The more advanced student will find in part II. a chronicle of latest dis- 
coveries in urinary pathology and the latest and most improved methods of 
Chemical and Microscopical research. 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
IN PRESS. 
Lectures ou Fevers. By J. R. Kippax, M. D., LL. B., Prof, 
of Principles and Practice of Medicine in the Chicago 
Homoeopathic Medical College; Clinical Lecturer and 
Visiting Physician to the Cook County Hospital; Author 
of " Handbook of Skin Diseases," etc. Octavo 500 pp. 
The work will comprise thirty lectures, embracing every form 
of Fever; their Definition, History, Etiology, Pathology and 
Homoeopathic Treatment, making a most important and valuable 
addition to our literature. In large type andjon the best paper. 
LECTURE I.-Fevers. Introduction Classification of Fevers. Miasmatic, or Mala- 
rial. Miasmatic-Contagious and Contagious. The Thernometry of Fevers. 
LECTURE II.-Fevers. Simple Continued Fever.-Malarial Fevers. Laws of 
Malarial, Miasmatic. Geographical Distribution, and Incubation. 
LECTURE III.-Intermittent Fever.-Intermittent Fever. Definition. Synonym. 
Historical Notice. Etiology. Clinical History. Types of Intermittent. Morbid Anatomy 
and Differential Diagnosis. • 
LECTURE IV.-Intermittent Fever (continued). Complications and Sequelae. 
Prognosis. Chart of Characteristics Prophylaxis. Treatment. 
LECTURE V.-Remittent Fever. Definition. Synonym. Historical Notice. Etio- 
logy. Clinical History. Morbid Anatomy. 
LECTURE VI.-Remittent Fever (continued). Differential Diagnosis. Complica- 
tions and Sequelae. Prognosis. Chart of Characteristics. Treatment. 
LECTURE VII.-Pernicious Malarial Fever.-Definition Synonym. Historical 
Notice. Etiology, and Clinical History Types of Pernicious Malarial Fever. Duration. 
Morbid Anatomy. Differential Diagnosis. Complications and Sequelae. Prognosis. Chart 
of Characteristics. Treatment. Chronic Malarial Infection. 
LECTURE VIII.-Dengue. Definition. Synonym. Historical Survey. Etiology. 
Clinical History. Duration. Morbid Anatomy. Differential Diagnosis. Prognosis. Chart 
of Characteristics. Treatment. 
LECTURE IX.-Hay Fever. Definition. Synonym. History and Statistics. Etiology. 
Clinical History. Differential Diagnosis. Prognosis. Prophylaxis. Treatment. 
LECTURE X.-Typho-Malarial Fever. Definition. Synonym. Historical Notice. 
Etiology. Types of Typho-Malarial Fever. Clinical History. Duration. 
LECTURE XI.-Typho-Malarial Fever (continued). Morbid Anatomy. Complica- 
tions and Sequelae. Differential Diagnosis. Prognosis. Chart of Characteristics. Treat- 
ment. 
LECTURE XII.-Miasmatic-Contagious Fevers. Typhoid Fever. Definition. 
Synonym. History and Statistics. Etiology. 
LECTURE XIII.-Typhoid Fever (continued). Clinical History. Duration. Morbid 
Anatomy. 
LECTURE XIV.-Typhoid Fever (continued). Complications and Sequelae. |Differ- 
ential Diagnosis. Prognosis. Chart of Characteristics. Treatment. 
LECTURE XV.-Yellow Fever. Definition. Synonym. History and Statistics. 
Etiology. Clinical History. Differential Diagnosis. Morbid Anatomy. Complications and 
Sequelae. Prognosis. Chart of Characteristics. Treatment. 
The above selections from the table of contents will give the 
reader some idea of the value of this new book. The work is now 
in press and will be ready about January 1st, 1883 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
4-8 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
IN PRESS. 
A Compendium of Venereal Diseases, For Practitioners and 
Students; being a condensed description of those affections 
and their Homoeopathic Treatment. By E. C. Franklin, 
M. D., Professor of Surgery in the Homoeopathic Depart- 
ment of the University of Michigan; Surgeon to the 
University Homoeopathic Hospital; Author of "Science and 
Art of Surgery," "A Complete Minor Surgery," etc., etc. 
About 112 pages. Octavo. 1883. Price $1.00. 
"This compendium of venereal diseases has been prepared by 
the author for the use of practitioners and students of medicine, 
as a summary only of the recent investigations and advance views 
touching the various sequelae that follow in the train of these con- 
tagious disorders, and to lay before the profession the knowledge 
of the present day gained by the use of comparatively small doses 
of medicine in their treatment. 
Believing in the "dualistic theory" that the origin of the 
exciting virus which produces the local contagious ulcer, differs 
from that which develops true syphilis, the terms chancroid and 
syphilis are used to designate these two essentially distinct con- 
ditions. 
It is not intended that this little treatise shall take the place 
of the larger works on venereal diseases, but that it shall be a 
useful guide and a ready reference to the general practitioner; a 
synopsis of the more accurate and scientific observations lately 
gained in the therapeutics of these disorders. 
As such it is committed to the profession, trusting that hu- 
manity may be benefited by its teachings, and that homoeopathy 
may receive the proper credit due it in the more successful treat- 
ment of these affections by attenuated medicines, which our 
brethren of the allopathic school are slowly and grudgingly 
adopting."-Extract from Dr. Franklin's Preface. 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
IN PRESS. 
The American Homoeopathic Dispensatory. Designed as a 
Text-Book for the Physician, Pharmacist and Student. 
About 500 pp. octavo. Illustrated. 
This important work is written in a plain and concise manner 
by a gentleman of large experience as a pharmacist, and who 
seems therefore to have fully comprehended the long felt want of 
a reliable and scientific pharmacopoeia. 
Indeed we can safely assert that this work will be to the 
Homoeopathic School what the United States Dispensatory now 
is to the Allopathic School, a desideratum. 
"The American Homoeopathic Dispensatory" 
was conceived, born and bred as a pharmaceutical text-book, and, 
as such, is intended for the druggist, the student, and the physi- 
cian. In brief, the contents are but a series of modern practical 
paragraphs, each one of which is equally important. Not in any 
one instance is there any attempt made to contort or re-arrange 
the subject matter of other Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeias, but 
the work is wholly original and replete with practical informa- 
tion. 
It is the Book for Practical Instruction. 
The volume will be an octavo of about 500 pages, printed on 
the best paper, and bound in the best manner. Be sure and buy 
no work on the subject until you have seen and examined " The 
American Homoeopathic Dispensatory." 
All orders should be addressed to 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
IX PBESS 
How to Feed the Baby. By R. N. Tooker, M. D., Professor of 
Diseases of Children, in the Chicago Homoeopathic Medical 
College. 
This is a little work of about one hundred and fifty pages, in- 
tended to instruct mothers in the all important matter of how, 
when and what to feed their babies. 
As the author says, in his introductory chapter, "It is not 
intended to offer any instruction or even suggestions in the way 
of domestic medication. The writer is among those who believe 
that when a child is sick enough to need medicine, it is sick 
enough to need a doctor." 
The work is divided into some nine chapters and an appendix, 
containing formulae for the preparation of several kinds of food 
recommended in the body of the book. The contents are as 
follows: 
Chapter I.-Signs of Faulty Nutrition. Changes of color of skin in 
illy nourished babies.-Sleep-Cry-"Does the baby good?"-Weight of a 
healthy child at different periods-Height of same. 
Chapter II.-Peculiarities of the Digestive Organs in Infancy.-Stomach, 
Liver, Pancreas.-The different digestive juices and their action on Aliment- 
ary substances-Digestion of starch, of milk, of meat-Intestinal digestion. 
Chapter III.-Nursing. Mothers who ought to nurse their babies- 
Mothers who ought not to suckle-Time of nursing-Diet of nursing 
women-Wet nurses. 
Chapter IV.- Weaning. When to wean-How to wean-Diet of child 
after weaning. 
'Chapter V.-Partial Feeding. Best food for partially fed baby-When 
to feed and when to nurse. 
Chapter VI.-Hand-fed Babies. Cow's milk-Difficulty of getting 
sweet and fresh in cities-How to keep milk sweet-Test for pure milk- 
Trouble from giving baby all milk-One Cows' milk-Condensed milk. 
Chapter VII.-Artificial Foods-Different kinds of cereals used in- 
Ridges' Food, Graham's, Horlick's Food-How to prepare-Other foods. 
Chapter VIII.-Adjuncts of Feeding. Value of fresh air and exercise. 
Bathing, sunlight, etc. 
Chapter IX.-How not to do it. No crude drugs for babies-"Soothing 
sirups"-Paregoric, dietetic aphorisms. 
All orders should be addressed to 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
The Physician's Condensed Account Book. An Epit- 
omized System of Book-Keeping, avoiding the necessity of 
separate Journal, Day Book and Ledger, combining system, 
accuracy and easy reference, with a minimum of labor. 272 
pages. Price, $3,50. 
The book furnishes an entirely unique system of keeping books 
for physicians. No separate Day Book, Journal or Ledger is 
required. The doctor's whole month's business is spread out 
before him on a double page, and each patron for the month has 
a line all to himself. In posting the book for the month, there is 
a column of charges against each patient treated ; another column 
in which that patient's unpaid balance of old account is brought 
forward; another column totals due, cash paid, etc. Opposite 
each name is a column foi* the patient's residence, street and 
number, the year and the month. The system is simple and 
plain. 
"The book is the best I ever saw. All before your eyes. Have made 
some collections already which were forgotten, because not seen. Every 
physician should have one." Charles E. Pinkham, M D., 
Woodland, Cal. 
"Gentlemen: I have received the Physician's Condensed Account Book, 
and am very much pleased with it. I pronounce it a grand success." 
J. Deitrick, M. D., 
Petrolia, Pa. 
Gross & Delbridge, 
Gentlemen: The Account Book came to hand all right. After a trial we 
can truly say that we are very much pleased with it. It is all any medical 
man can ask in the way of book-keeping. By using every other line we are 
enabled to keep a record of our prescriptions, and we thus have a complete 
picture of our business before us. We have no hesitation in recommending 
it to the busy practitioner Yours, 
Drs. Dayfoot & McKay, 
Mt. Morris, N. Y. 
"Gross & Delbridge, 
Gentlemen : Having used the Physician's Condensed Account Book for a 
year past, I am prepared to speak intelligently as to its merits, and I truly 
regard it as the Ne plus ultra of book-keeping for the busy practitioner. My 
accounts are always in order. It combines accuracy with condensation." 
R. N. Tooker, M. D., 
Professor of Diseases of Children, 
in the Chicago Homoeopathic College. 
The price of the Physician's Condensed Account Book is 
$3.50 net,'and will be sent per express on receipt of price. 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO. GROSS & DELBRIDGE'S Publications. 
Label Book, for the use of Physicians and Pharmacists, 
containing more than thirty-five hundred gummed labels in 
large clear type, and bound in neat and substantial manner. 
Price, 50 cents. Sent to any address, postpaid, on receipt 
of price. 
Sample Page, 
Belladonna. Belladonna. Belladonna. 
Belladonna. Belladonna. Belladonna. 
Belladonna. Belladonna. Belladonna. 
Belladonna. Belladonna. Belladonna. 
Belladonna. Belladonna. Belladonna. 
Belladonna. Belladonna. Belladonna. 
Belladonna. Belladonna. Belladonna. 
Benzoic acid. Benzoic acid. Benzoic acid. 
Benzoic acid. Benzoic acid. Benzoic acid. 
Berberin. Berberin. Berberin. 
Berbens vulg. Berberis vulg. Berbens vulg. 
Bismuth, met. Bismuth, met. Bismuth, met. 
Bismuth, nit. Bismuth, nit. Bismuth, nit. 
Bismuth, nit. Bismuth, nit. Bismuth, nit. 
Boletus lari. Boletus lari. Boletus lari. 
Boletus pini. Boletus pini. Boletus pini. 
Boletus sat. Boletus sat. Boletus sat. 
GROSS & DELBRIDGE, Publishers, 
48 Madison St., CHICAGO.