:■■? ^.7 *-5» T-- .T »*.' Wt %• L*\ i.^\. "I' ♦•»'*»'. ' * '* * Surgeon General's Office -Jai >,t fflcjt' TiSV .r-\ 'i'V..' LC-> da T) N £27 4.. p gry- ■A.'i.-U^O-.-'J--1 >*>• v; ,, ^'fc. <*• SYNOPSIS OF PHARMACOLOGY, IN WHICH THE REMEDIAL AGENTS, OBTAINED FROM THE THREE KINGDOMS OF NATURE, ARE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO CLEAVELAND ON MINERALOGY, TO JUSSIEU ON BOTANY, AND TO CUVIER ON ZOOLOGY, DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF THE MEMBERS OF THE VERMONT ACAD- EMY OF MEDICINE, AND AI SO, AS A MAN- UAL FOR THE PRACTITIONER OF MEDICINE. BY J. A. AL.LEN, M. D. ^ PROFESSOR OF BOTANY, MATERIA MHD1CA, AMD PHARMACY IN THE VER- MONT ACADEMY OF MEDICINE ; LECTURER ON CHEMISTRY IN MID- DLP.BITRY COLLEGE J MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN GEOLOGICAT SOCIETY j AND CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NEW. ENGLAND LINNKAN SOCIETY, &C. MIDDLEBURY: TMXTED BV J. w. COPELANP. DISTRICT OF VERMONT, to wit: (L. S.) BE TT REMEMBERED, That on the twenty-eighth day of August, in the forty eighth year of the Independence of the United States of America, Jonathan A. Allen, of the said Dis- trict, hath deposited in this office, the title of a book, the right where- of he claims as Author, in the words following, to wit: " A Synop- sis of Pharmacology. In which the remedial agents, obtained from the three kingdoms of nature, are arranged according to Cleaveland on Mineralogy : to Jussieu on Botany ; and to Cuvier on Zoology : designed for the use of the members of the Vermont Academy of Medicine; and, also, as a Manual for the Practitioner of Medicine. By Jonathan A. Allen, M. D. Professor of Botany, Materia Me- dica, and Pharmacy, in the Vermont Academy of Medicine ; Lec- turer on Chemistry in Middl^bury College ; Member of the Ameri- can Geological Society; and Corresponding Member of the New- England Linnean Society, &c." In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled " An act for the encourage- ment of learning, by secu ing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times there- in mentioned." JESSE GOVE, Clerk of the District of Vermont. A true copy of record, examined and sealed by me. J. GOVE, Clerk. ADVERTISEMENT. THF, science of Pharmacology regards the Physical, Chemical and Remedial properties of Medicine ; the Mineral, Vegetable? and Animal substances, from which they are procured ; the best forms which can be given to them in order to adapt them for ad- ministration, and the nature of the actions they excite in the living system. Pharmaeology, therefore, affords a more extensive field of inqui- ry, and claims a more lofty character than Materia Medica, which presupposes a knowledge of the natural character of medicines, and is more properly confined to discussions on their operations, and the morbid affections in which they may be advantageously em- ployed. It is to be regretted that this science, so important in the comple- tion of a medical education, should have been so generally neglected. Of what utility are theories the best conceived, and practical pre- cepts of demonstrated correctness, without efficient medicinal reme- dies and preparations to carry them into operation ? Of what avail is a thorough knowledge of diseases without an understanding of the agents necessary to relieve them ? A knowledge then, of pharma- cology, is as indispensable and important to the practitioner as that of any other department of medical science. The object of the present work is4o afford a short and compre- hensive system in which the natural characters, chemical properties, medicinal virtues, officinal preparations,and doses of each article of medicine, and also, its incompatible substances, may be seen at one view. In all cases each article of medicine is placed in the system where its physical character, or most essential constituent or base seemed to fix it. Thus Nitrate of Potash is placed under the Genus Potash, and as Nitric Acid does not exist in a native state, but is obtained from the decomposition of Nitre, this acid is placed under Nitrate oi Potash. iv ADVERTISEMENT. The advantages to be derived from this natural classification wL readily be perceived by the Naturalist. To those who have not de- voted attention to the physical sciences its benefits will not appear so obvious It uay therefore, be lemaiked, as a general rule, that similarity or resemblance appears to extend through Nature. Ob- jects which resemble each other in external forms are also usually assimilated in internal qualities, and operative powers. A certain general agreement of this kind evidently prevails. It is, however, so varied and subject to so many exceptions, that it is difficult to establish this resemblance by general scientifick descriptions. It is as easy perhaps to learn the properties of objects from their external habit as to understand the characters of mankind from their physi- ognomy—more certain and conclusive than opinions respecting the intellectual faculties drawn from bumps and prominences on the head. There are but few exceptions to the general rule that substances of the same genus have analogous properties. This is illustrated in the genus Iron, Mercury, Antimony, Solanum, Gentiana, fyc. The principle difference of the medicinal virtues in the specifick articles of each genus, appears, in most instances, to be in degree. In Mineralogical associations, the analogy of properties or ope- rative powers, it is believed, is limited by the genus, but in botani- cal, the resemblance is more extensive. Among the botanical sys- tems, that of Jussieu, founded on the Cotyledons, and other essential characters, appears to associate vegetables possessing similar pro- perties in a good degree. In some of his orders the resemblance is truly astonishing—This is evinced in the 29th Order, LABIA. TAE, and, also, in the 41st. SOLANEAE. In some orders ex- ceptions will be found. The medical properties of Jussieu's orders in this work, are mostly taken verbatim from Professor Eaton's translation including his remarks drawn from Parkinson and others. In some few instances I have ventured to vary the character where facts would warrant me so to do. Much pains have been taken to introduce all our important indi geneous vegetables.—To accomplish this object and to render the treatise as correct as possible, reference has been had to Professor J Bigelow's valuable Medical Botany, to Barton's Vegetable Materia Medica of the United States, to Woodville's elaborate Medical Bot- any, to Rees' Cyclopedia, the Edinburgh Encyclopedia, Parish ADVERTISEMENT v Pharmacologia, Sequel to the American Pharmacopeia, to most of the Periodical Works of the day, &c. Great assistance has also been derived from the use of Professor Eaton's Manual of Botany, andNuttall's Genera of North American Plants, especially in fixing the localities, &c. An acknowledgement is also due to Professor Eaton, and to the Rev. Edward Hitchcock, A. M. of Conway, Mass. for valuable hints. An apology is due to the Publick for the numerous Typographical errors. These were unavoidable from the circumstances in which the Author was placed—being prevented by pressure of other busi ness from correcting the proof sheets, and unable even to review the first draught of some of the pages. The errors of consequence are noticed in the Errata. The others are of no practical moment- The articles omitted in the body of the work, have been added in the Appendix—together with a Toxicological Table, which it was thought would be of use to the Practitioner of Medicine on sud- ded emergencies. In the construction of this table, besides Orfila's experiments, reference has been had to Dr. Beck's new and learned work on Medical Jurisprudence. To diminish the expence, and to render the work more portable, and better to answer the purpose of a Manual, much matter has been published by abbreviations which are explained on the 6th and 7th pages. Blank leaves are introduced into some of the copies for the purpose of inserting Recipes or other Notes. As it is, the Author presents it to the Publick, not regardless of the reception it may meet, but with a humble hope, that its fate may in some measure be commensurate with the anxiety and labour be- stowed in bringing together, in a new form of arrangement, a scat- tered mass of materials. THE AUTHOR. Middlebury, November lfi, 1823. Abbreviations used in this work. A. Alterative. Anth. Anthelmintick. Ant. Antispasmodick. Ants. Antiseptick. Ast. Astringent. B. Bark. C. Cathartick. D. Diaphoretick. Dem. Demulcent. Di. Diluent. Diu. *. iuretick. E. Emetick. Ein. Emollient. Emm. Emmenagogue. Eps. Epispastick. Esch. Escharotick. Ex. Expectorant. F. Flower. Inc. Incompatible Substances. L. Laxative. Lea. Leaves. Lith. Lithontriptick. N. Narcotick. R. Root. Rcf. Refrigerant. Rub, Rubefacient. Sd. Seed. Stim. Stimulant. T. Tonick. Localities of Plants. A. Albany. B Brattleborough. C. Columbia College. D. Deerfield, Mass. Ex. Exotick. H. Highlands. M. Middlebury College. O. Every part of the country. S. Southern States. W. Williams College. Y. Yale College. Note. Each letter denotes that the plant grows at the place men- tioned or in the vicinity. Figures added to a Genus de- note the artificial class and order of the System of Linnaeus to which the genus belongs, thus, 10. 1. de- notes the class, Decandria, order, Monogynia. Ap. April.—M. May.—J. June.—Ju. July.—Au. August.— S. September.—Oc. October. Any of these abbreviations prefixed to a species, shows that its time of flowering is about that season of the vear. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. To express the quantity of solid bodies, we employ what is call- Troy weight. The pound, lb. ") [ Twelve ounces, denoted by % The ounce J .1 Eight drachms, 3 The drachm, f contains \ Three scruples, 9 The scruple, j C Twenty grains, gr. To express the quantity of liquids, measures derived from the wine gallon are employed The gallon, Cong. 1 C Eight pints, denoted by O The pint, I J Sixteen fluid ounces, f| The fluid ounce, j 1 Eight fluid drachms, f'3 The fluid drachm, 3 C. Sixty minims, m. a. a. Denotes equal quantities. ss. One half. jtt. Drop. u CLASS 1. Subtances not metallic, composed entirely, or in part of an Acid. ORDER 1. Acids not combined. GENUS 1. Species. 1. Sulphuric Acid—Oil of Vitriol,—Dilu- ted, Aromatic—T. Ref. Ast. —Inc, Alkalies and Carbo- nates—mx. to mxl. , 2. Sulphurous Acid. y v ^ y t^fcviZZtbxs GENUS 2. ^.y'rft^j ^fcti ORDER 2. This order is characterized by an alkali united with an acid. 12 GENUS 1. Ammonia- Diluted—S. Rub. Species 1. Muriate.—Sal ammoniac. 2. Carbonate—salt of hartshorn. Water. Spirits.—S. Ant. D. Antd.— Inc. Acids, fixed alkalies. 3. Acetate—Spirit of mindererus—D.Ref. 4. Hydro-Sulphuret,—Hepatized ammo- nia.—used in diabetes-gtt. v. to x. 5. Linament.—Volatile Linament. GENUS 2. POTASH. Potash per Se, Liquor Potassae.—Esch. Antd. A. Li.—Inc. Acids—mx. to 15ss. Species 1. Nitrate,—Nitre.—Diu, Ref.—Inc, Alum, Sulphuric Acid,—grs. x. to xv. Nitric Acid.—Aqua Fortis. Diluted. * "»-•«- ^>-V - v-^Ref. Arits.-r-Inci Alkalies.— . ^ v .._ mx. to mxl. £. SuB-Carbonate-Pearl AsTl,-Di'u.i?ntd. Inc. Acids,*' Calomel, . «:.... Tartarized Antmony. 3. Bi-Carbonate—Salt of Tartar. 4. Sulphate—Vitriolated Tartar.—Inc. Ni- tric & Muriatic Acids.—Aperient. 5. Tartrate.-Soluble Tartar.—Mild C— 5i to gi. 6. Super or Bi-tartrate.—Cream of Tar- tar.—C Diu.—Alkalies, mineral o.-a A »j* »*** * ' '■ acids.—3iv. to 5vi.' > \ > v > ,*~»' 2«"«3*ilpka*©k—Bepar,Sulphuris.T—D. t ^ •w , GENUS 3. SODA. ^ ■* Soda per Se./"^ Species. 1. Sulphate.—Glauber's salt.—C.—Inc. lime, Nitrate of Silver.—Bss. to Bij. 13 2. Muriate or Chloride of Sodium—com- mon salt.—T. Anth.—Inc. Sul. / ^ Acid.—grs. x. to 3i. d^-< / y_ AfUA^* 3. Sub-Borate. Borax. ***■> i:yyuAJ^^r f 4. Sub-Corbonate—Soda.—Antd.—Inc. Acids, grs. x. toSi. 5. Bi-Corbonate. 6. Phosphate.—Mild C.' 7. Hard soap. ORDER 3. EARTHY SALTS. These consist of an earth or earths united witk an acid. The genus is determined by the earth it contains. GENUS 1. BARYTES. f 1. Suphate.—Ponderous spar. Species. < 2. Carbonate.—Barytes. 3. Muriate.—Solution.—S. GENUS 2. LIME. f 1. Corbonate.—Chalk. Mixture.—Antd. Species. \ 2. Muriate.—S. A. ^3. Phosphate. GENUS 4. MAGNESIA—Calcined.— Antd. Species. I. Sulphate.—Epsom salt.—C.—Inc. fix- ed alkalies, and their car- bonates—3ss. to Sii. 2 Carbonate-Magnesia—Antd.—Lith. 14 ORDER 4. Salts with an alkaline and earthy base. f If Sulphate of Alumine and Potash.—, Species. { Alum.- Ast.—Inc. Alkalies.— ^ —grs. x. to 3SS. CLASS 2. Earthy compounds or stones. c, (1 Nephrite. '* ( 2. Bole.-^-armenian bole—Ast. CLASS 3. COMBUSTIBLES. Species. 1. Hydrogen, Sulphuretted. 2. Sulphur. Sublimed—L. D—51 to 5iii- f Naptha. 3. Bitumen. < Petroleumg (^ Asphaltum. 4, Amber. ( Coal. 5. Carbon. (Charcoal.—Ants.T.—grs.x. to 3i. CLASS 4. METALS. GENUS 1. GOLD. Species. I. An Oxide. 2. — — with Tin. 3. — — with Ammonia. 4. Muriate of Gold.—A. f>. — — — and Soda. 15 GENUS 2. SILVER. Species. 1. Nitrate.-LunarCaustic—T.Ant. Esch. —Inc. fixed alkalies, alkaline earths, muriatic, sulphuric, & tartaric acids; and all the salts which contain them, ve- gitable astringents.—gr.1-8. to gr. 1. GENUS 3. MERCURY. Species. 1. Protoxide.—Ethiops per. se.—Blue pill, and ointment.—-A. C.—Inc. mineral acids.— grs. iv. to 9i 2. Peroxide.—Red precipitate.—Esch. 3. Chloride.—Calomel.—A. C.—Inc. al- kalies, lime-water, iron, lead.—gr. i.to $i. 4. Bi-chloride.—Corrosive sublimate.— A. Esch.—Inc. tartariz- ed antimony, cinchona. —grs 1-8 to 1-2. 5. Sulphuret.—Ethiops Mineral.—A.— grs. v. to 3ss. 6. Per-sulphuret,—Cinnabar. 7. Cyanide—prussiate, Prussic or hy- i'^^, Mi^/s-<%^ ^W*>o^_Jilies,metalic salts &c.—gtt. ii to vii. 8. Combined with chalk or magnesia.— A.—grs. v. to 3SS. 9. Nitrate.—Citrine ointment. 10. Sub-sulphate.—Turpeth mineral.—E. A. D.—gr. i. to vii. 11. Acetate. 12. White precipitate—Ointment. 16 GENUS 4. COPPER. Species. 1. Sub-Acetate.—Verdigris.—Powerful Detergent. Esch. 2. Sulphate.—Blue vitroil. E. Esch.— Inc. Alkalies.—grs. ii. to xv. 2. Ammoniuret.—Ammonialed Copper. T. Ants. gr. 1-4. to v. GENUS 5. IRON.—Filings-—T.— grs. v. to 3SS. Species. 1. Black or Protoxide.—T. 2. Red or Peroxide.—T. 3. Permuriate of Ammonia & Iron —Ens Veneris.—T. Emm.—grs. ii. to x. 4. Carbonate.—Rust of Iron.—T.—grs." v. to lx. 5. Phosphate.—T.—grs. v. to lx. 6. Per-Phosphate, 7. Sulphate.—Green Vitriol, orSalMar- tis.—T. Ast.—Inc. Earths, Alkalies, Soaps,— grs. i. to v. 8. Per-Sulphate or Red-Sulphate. 9. Tartrate of Iron and Potash.—Diu.— Inc. Strong Acids.—grs. x. to"33S. / GENUS 6. LEAD- •■*'.- .**■"■ Species. 1. Protoxide vel" Massicot.—Litharge. Ernp. Plumbi. 2. Peroxide.—Red Lead.—Ast. 3. Sub-Acetate—Solution, Goulard's Ex- tract. 4. Acetate and Super-Acetate.—Sugar of Lead —Ast.—Inc. Alkalies. Acids, Alum.—gr, i. to v. 17 &, Carbonate.—White Le.ad.-^-Cerussa, —Ast. GENUS 7. TIN.—Filings.— ----Anth.—5i. to 5ii. powder. ----Anth.— £i. to 31. GENUS 8. ZINC. w Specie*. 1. Oxide,—T. 2. Carbonate.—prepared calamine. 3. Sulphate.—White vitriol.—T. Ast. E. -Inc. Alkalies, Earths--gr, i. to 3i. 4. Acetate.—Solution—Callyrium. " GENUS 9. MANGANESE. Species. 1. Bl^ck^oxide. » GENUS 10. ARSENIC. Species. 1. White oxide.—Arsenical solution.— T.—Inc. Lime-water, Bark—gtt. ii.to xii. GENUS 12. ANTIMONY. Species. 1. Protoxide. 2 Deutoxide or antimonious acid. 3. Tritoxide or antimonic acid. 4. Chloride or butter of antimony.*— Caustick. 5. Sulphuret.—Antimony of the shops. 6. Oxide with sulphur and wax. 8. Precipitated Sulphuret—D. C. E.— Inc. Acids.—gr. i. to v. 9. Phosphate of Antimony and time. 3 18 * James' powder.—-D.—'gr.iii. to vii. 10. Tartrate of potash and antimony.— Tartar Emetic.—D. E.—Inc. Mineral acids, alkalies, vegi- table astringents—gr. 1-4 to viii. 11. Panacea of antimony. 1__, Appendix. s? ^. Electricity ? Galvanism? Caloric ? ^Light? 19 PART SECOND. Vegetables from which medicinal articles are ob- tained* slanged according to the natural method of the illustrious Anthony Lawrence de Jussieu. This philosopher contends for three great and principal divisions among plants, founded on the form of their embryo. These divisions are subdi- vided into classes, orders, genera and species, which are formed from some essential characters of the vegetable. FIRST DIVISION. ACOTYLEDONS. or plants whose seeds are destitute of lobes. This division, contains only one class. ttdhrrb ORDER 1, FUNGI. * >*■ Generic Name. Boletus. 22—6. Specific name. O.—1. Jgniarius. M. (Canada,) 2. Annulatus ? T. Bitter. Properties. Tonicks if dry and corky; catharticks and narcoticks, if juicy. ORDER 2. ALGEA. .*L* fhtJ& G. N. Cetraria. 22—5. C, Y,—1. Islandica. Iceland Moss. 2. Caninus. G. N. Cenomyce. 22—5. Rangiferina.—Rein-Deer mos* Prop. Tonicks; some contain useful coloring matt ter, and some are nutritive, 2T ORDER 3. HEPAT1CA£ ORDER 4. MUSCI. ORDER 5. FELICES, G. N. Polypodium. 22—1. O. 1. Vulgare-—poly pod—R.—Ast.—Dem* 2. Felix Mas.—-Male poly pody. Scolopendrium. (M. Onondaga. Ju.) Officinarum.—catter- piller fern.—Mild Ast Adiantum. 22—1. O. J. ---- pedatum—maiden hair. Osmunda. 22—1. O. J. Regalis.—Flowering fern—R. Dem. -.. t Ast. Lycopodium. 22—1. O. Ju — — clavatum.—club moss. Cycas. (East-Indies.) Circinalis—Sago—Forms a nutritious jelly Pteris. 22—1. O. Ju. Aqulina—common brake—R. Dem Prop. Mild stimulants and demulcents. SECOND DIVISION. MONOCOTYLEDONS. or plants with one lobed seeds. This division tem- braces three classes. H V* 21 CLASS 1. STAMENS. HYPOGYNOUS.* ORDER 7. AROIDEAE. O. N. Ictodes. 4—6. fO. — Foetidus.—Skunk cabbage—R.Ant. grs. x. jto xx. Arum. 20—13. O. ---- 1. Triphyllum.—Indian turnip. (Europe.) 2. Maculaturo.—Wake-robin— gr. x. to 9i. Prop. The nauceous are antispasmodicks: the warming, stomachicks. ORDER 8. TYPHAE. G. N. Typha. 20—3. O. Latifolia.—Cat-tail. ORDER 9. CYPEROIDEAE. ORDER 10. GRAMINEAE. G. N. Saccharum. 3—2. (West Indies.)—Officinarum.—Sugar cane. Hordeum. 3—2. Ex.—Vulgare.—Barley—Pearl-barley—nu- tricious Dem. Triticum. 3—2. Ex. 1. Hybernum.— Winter wheat. Ex. 2. Aestivum.—Summer wheat. Secale. 3—2. Ex.—Cereale.—Rye—Secale Cornutum, Ergot—gr x. to 3i. Avena. 3—2. Ex —Sativa.—Oats. * Stamens Htpogtnous—Denotes that the s(amen6 are inserted under the germ; Perigynous, that the stamens are inserted around the pistil, Epigynous that the f.tauiens are inserted on the pistil. t Rarely found in Vermont. 22 Zea.—20—3. O.—Mays—Indian corn. Oryza. 6—2. (Europe.)—Sativa.—Rice Prop. Feeble tonicks, and the largest seeds are used for diet. CLASS 2. STAMENS PERIGYNOUS. ORDER 11. PALMAE. G. N. Calamus. 6—1. (E. Indies.)—Rotang.—Rotang cane—Ast. Cocos. (S.America.)—Botyracea. The Mackaw tree. Palm oil. Prop- Mild Tonicks. ORDER 12. ASPARAGI. G. N. Asparagus. 6—1. Sativa. Convallaria. 6—1. O.—Polygonatum—Solomon seal. Smilax. 21—6. M. C. S. J. 1. Sarsaparilla.—Smilax. 2. China.—Chinese Smilax. Trillium. 6—3. O. M.—Erectum.—False—wake robin.—R. Ast.—9i.to3i, Prop. Mild Tonicks and stimulants. ORDER 13. JUNCI. G. N. Acorus. 6—1. O. G. Calamus.—Sweet flag.—Aromatic. Veratrum. 6—3. 23 // /i)rf, -r'O. G. Vi-ride.— While hellebore—R.—S. E. :C/M^ *~*U^§ ^,. ^ ^*aiV. N.-gr. i. to XX. Alisma. 6—13. 0. Ju.—Plantago.— Water-plantain. Culchicum. 6—3. (Europe.) Autumnale.—Meadow saffron— Fan Medicinale — S. Diu.—3i. to 3'i. Prop. Stimulants; the sweet scented are warm stomachicks. ORDER 14. LIL1ACEAE. G. N. Lilium. 10—14. Candidum— White lily. Erythronium. 6—1 O. M. Americanum—Dog-tooth-Violet— R—E—about gr. xx of the green, xl. of the dry. Aloe. 6—1. (Africa.) Perf oliata—Aloes—Gum-resi n —C- Anth—gr. v. to x. Prop. Emmolients, and weak stimulants. ORDER 15. BROMEL1AE. ORDER 16. ASPHODELI. G. N. Allium. 6—1. I. Porrum.—Leek. 2. Sativum.—Garlic. M. M.—3. Trifolnm—Mountain-leek. 4. Cepa —Garden onion. 5. Schoenoprasum.—-Cims. Scilla. 6—1. 24 (Spain.)—Maratima.—StyweTZ—R—E. Ex. •;iw.»... ->•.■■. * DiTT-1nc. Al- kalies ?—gr. i. to iv. Aletris. 6—1. Y. Forinosa.—False aloe.—R.—T.— Ast. Mild C. Prop. Expertorants and demulcents. ORDER 17. NARCISSI, ORDER 18. IRIDES. Iris 3—.1 O. J.—Versicolor—Blue-Flag—R.—C. Diu—gr. i to xv. Crocus. 3—1. Ex. i. Sativus.—Saffron. 2. Anglicus—English Saffron. Prop. Tonicks and stimulants. CLASS 3. STAMENS EPIGYNOUS ORDER 19. MUSAE. ORDER 20. CANNAE. G. N. Amomum. 1—1. 1 Zingiber—Ginger.—R.—S. 2 Repens—Officinal cardamom. Curcuma. 1—1. (E. Indies.) Longa—Long-rooted turmcn> —R.—T. Kaernpferia. 1—1. (Iijdia) Rotunda—Zedoary. 'Prop. Pungent stimulants. 25 ORDER 21. OCHIDEA. G. N. Orchis. 19-1. 1. Maculata—Male Orchis~Sa\e$—R. 2, Fimbriata ?—Fringed orchis. Prop. Emmolients, and the roots of some are stomachicks Dioscorides, Galen and Pliny, speak of the roots as affording an excellent farinaceous diet; and also, of their great use in discussing swellings and cleansing ulcers. ORDER 22. HYDROCHARIDES. THIRD DIVISION. DICOTYLEDONS. or plants whose seeds have two lobes. This divi- sion is divided into eleven classes. CLASS 1. FLOWERS APETALOUS. Stamens Epigynous. ORDER 23. AR1STOLOCHEA& N. Aristolochiae. 13—6. (Europe.) 1. Longa—long-rooted birth wort.*-Mild T. S. S. ---- 2. Serpentaria—Virginian Snake root—R— T. Ants. D. (Europe.) 3. Clematis—Climbing bhth wort.—D. T 4 26 G. N. Asarum. 11—1. (England) 1. Europeum—common asarabacca—Lea— E. C S. Errhine— 3ss. to 3i. 0. 2. Canadense.---White snake-root—R. Warm grateful aromatic, S. Prop. Warm, aromaticks, and active tonicks. Galen highly esteemed the tonick power of of this order. CLASS 2. FLOWERS APETALOUS. Stamens PerigynouF. ORDER 24. AELEAGNI. ORDER 25. THYMELEAE. G, N. Dirca. 8—1. O. M. Palustris, Leather Wood— B—E. Daphne. 8—1. (Europe.) Mezereum—mezereon B. of the R- D gentle S & C. ORDER 26. PROTEAE. ORDER 27. LAURI. 9. N. Laurus. 9—1. O. M. 1. Sassafras—sassafrae tree S. Dem. 0. Ap. 2. Benzoin—Fever bush— S. D. 27 (Japan) 3. Camphora—Camphor tree —camphor—S. D.—gr.ii. to9i. (Italy) 4. Nobilis—Common-siveet- Bay. (Ceylon) 5. Cinnamomum—Cinnamon Tree—B. oil—Aro- matic S. (E.Indies) 6. Cassia—Cassia Tree—B. Buds. ORDER 28. POLYGONEAE. G. N. Polygonum. 8—3. (Eng/and) Bistorta—Great Bis- tort—R. Ast. Rumex. 6—3. S. Y. C. 1. Acquaticus — Water dock. 2. Acetosa—Garden sorrel, O. Ju. 3. Crispus—Curled dock— R.—L. Rheum. 9—3. Ex. 1. Palmatum—Rhubarb—R.~ Mild C.T Ast. —gr. v. to 5ss. Ex. 2. Tartaricum—Pie rhubarb. Prop. Demulcents and mild catharticks. ORDER 29. ARTIPLICES. G. N. Chenopodium. 5—2. C. Ju. 1. Ambrosioides— Sweet pig-weed. O. J. 2. Botrys—Oak of Jerusalem. Y. C. Au. 3. Anthelminticum , — Worm seed —Anth. 28 Beta. 5—2. 1. Vulgaris.—Beet. 2. Cicla — White beet. Phytolacca. 11—10. 1. Decandra.—Poke weed—R— E. C. gr. viii to xxx» Prop. The strong scented are Cathartricks; the others are mild aperients. CLASS 3. ELOWERS APETULOUS. Stamens H^pogynous. ORDER 30. AMARANTHI. ORDER 31. PLANTAGINES. G. N. Plantago. 4—1. O. Major-plantain. Prop. Emmolients. ORDER 32. NYCTAGINES, ORDER 33. PLUMBAGINES. G. N. Statice. 6—5. (Sea shore) Carolinana-JK/ar^ rosemary-R- Useful Ast. Prop. Cathartricks and tonicks. CLASS 1. CORROLLA MONOPETALOUS, IN- SERTED BENEATH THE GERM. ORDER 34. LYSIMACHIAE. G. N. Lys'machia. 5—1. ,*'0. Quadrifolia—Loose strife— Mild Tf| Prop, Weak stimulants and tonicks. 29 ORDER 35. PEDICULARES G. N. Polygala. 17—6. (Canada to Georgia, J.) 1. Senega.— Seneca snake- root—S. E, Ex.—gr. 3*- to B\\. (M. Y. C.S. Ju) 2.Rubella-T. and bitter. Veronica. 2.—1. O. J. 1. Becca bunga—Brook lime. 2. Officinalis.—Speedwell. Orobanche. 14—-2. O. J. 1. Uniflora.—One-flowered Cancer root. (M. W. S. Ju.) 2. Virginiana-Carccerroo* —Ast—Dr Bar^ ton extols its use externally appli- ed to obstinate ulcers. Prop. Catharticks and mild tonicks. Ancient au- thors valued most plants of this order for their efficacy in healing wounds. OZDER 36. ACANTHI. ORDER 37. JASM1NEAE. G. N. Fraxinus. 21—2. (Sicily) Ornus.—-Manna ash—-man- na—L.—31. to Jlr Prop. Mild stimulants.. 30 ORDER 38. VITICES. G. N. Verbena. 14—1. Officinalis—Common vervain. Prep. Deobstments and mild stimulants. Parkin- son, and the older authors, considered the plants of this order as antidotes to the poi- son of serpants, &c : At present, no such property is ascribed to them. ORDER 39. LAB1ATAE. G. N. Lycopus. 2—1. O. Ju. Europaeus.— Water hore- hound. Rosmarinus.—2—1. ]. Officinalis—Rose-mary— Oil herb & flowers—S- Salvia. 2—1. J. 1. Officinalis.—Sage—S. Car- minative, T. 2. Sclara.—Clarry. Teucrium. 14—1. (Syria) 1. Marum—Syrian herb mastich. O. Ju. 2. Canadanse ? Wood- sage. Lavandula. 14—1. Ex Au. Spicata—Lavender— S. warm ar- omatic. Nepeta. 14—1. O. Cataria—Catmint. Hyssopus 14—1. Officinale—Hyssop—Aromatic. 31 Y Mentha. 14—1. O. J. 1. Piperita.—Pepper* mint—S. Ant: 2. Virdi'- -Spear mint- O. Ju. 3. Borealis—Northem mint—Pun- gen aroma- tic. Satureja. Hortensis. Summer savory. Leonorus. 1*—1. O. Ju. Cardiaca—Motherwort. Somewhat of a Nacotic. IVlarrubium. 14—1. O. Ju. Vulgare—Hore hound— used in phthisi- cal complaints. Hederoma. 14—1. O. G. Pulegioides— Penny-royal Glechoma. 14—1. Hederacea.—Ground my. Melissa. 14—1. Officinalis—Balm. Scutellaria. 14—1. O. Ju. 1. Lateriflora—Mad dog Scull cap. O. J. 2. Galericulata.-Scw//cap. Origanum. 14—1. (Candia) 1. Dictamus-Dtcfcmy of cretc. Y. Ju. 2. Vulgare- Wild marj- oram. (From Palestine) 3. Marjorana—Sweet marjoram. Thymus. 14—1. Ex. Vulgaris—Thyme. M. Ju. Serpyllum.-.Mo^r of thyme. 32 Prop. There appears to be a striking similarity in the properties of the plants embraced inthis order. In general, they are warm aromatic stimulants. The bitter plants are tonicks. Ancient pysicians placed much dependance on the vegitables bolonging to this order. To the virtues ascribed to them, by the moderns, they added that they are efficient as vermifuges, and in the cure of epilepsy, hemorhagy, bites of serpents and stings of scorpions. The opinion, however, that any of them are sufficiently powerful to cure hydropho- bia is of modern origin. And were we to judge from the general character of this or- der we should infer that the Scutellaria lateriflora possessing the least sei^sible properties of any, was insufficient to accom- plish that object. ORDER 40. SCROPHULARIA. G. N. Gratiola. 10—1. O. Ju. Aure'a vel officinalis—Hedge hyssop. C. Digitalis. 14—2. Ex. Ju. Purpurea—Fox glove—N. Sabbatia. 5—1. S. Au. Angularis—American Cen- taury—T. Bitter. Prop. Narcoticks. Ancient physicians applied them to wounds. Parkinson used the de- gitalis in epilepsy two centuries ago with great success. 3,3 ORDER 41. SOLANEAE. G. N. Datura. 5—1. (M. Y. C. S. Au.) Stramonium— Thorn apple. Extract, Tincture—Lea—N.—of Ext. gr. 1-2 to iv. of Lea. gr. i. to xx. of Tine. xv. to xx. gtt. Nicotiana. 5—1. Tabacum.— Virginian tobacco—N. Ant. Diu. f Verbascum. 5—1. O. G. Thapsus—Mullein. Atropa. 5—1. Ex. Belladonna—Daadly nightshade— Lea-N—gr. 1-4 to xx> gradually increased, Hyoscyamus. 5—1. M. Ex. Ju. Niger—Henbane—Ext. Tine. gr. 1-2. in- creased. Solanum. 5—1. O. Ju. 1. Dulcamara—Bittersweet— used by Bateman in lepra vulgaris. 2. Nigrum—deadly nightshade. 3. Tuberosum—Potatoe. Capiscum. 5—1. Annum—Guinea pepper—S. Strychnos. 5—1. (E. Indies) Nux Vomica— Vomic nut —Ants. S. —gr.i. to v. Prop. The nauceous-scented are very strong nar- coticks; The pungent-scented are warm, -timulants .5 34 ORDER 42. BORRAGINEAE. G. N. Anchusa. 5—1. (Europe) 1. Officinalis.—Buglos or Alkanet. 2. Tinctoria—-Alkanet— R.—used in co- loring oils, oint- ment, &c. Pulmonaria. 5—1. Ex. M. Officinalis—Lung wort. Lithospermum. 5 — 1. Officinalis—-Common gromwell. Cynoglossum. 5—1. O. Ju. Officinalis— Hound tongue.—N. Borago. 5—1. Ex. Ju. Officinalis—Borage—bitter. Symphitum. 5—1. E. J. Officinalis—Comfrey—R— Mucilaginous Prep. Astringents and mild tonicks. ORDER 43. CONVOLVULL G. N. Convolvulus. 5—1. (Mexico.) 1. Jalapa.—Jalap _R_C-gr x. to 31. (Canada to Fiorida,) 2. Panduratus.— Fiddle leaved bind weed—R —MildC. Diu. (Aleppo.) * - 3. Scammonia — Scammony— Gum resin— gr. iii. to xii. 4. Repens. '/&?. 35 Cusdbta. 5—2. O. Au. Americana.—Dodder—af- fords a yellow colouring mat- ter. Prop. Catharticks. ORDER 44. POLEMONIA. ORDER 45. B1GNONIAE. G. N. Chelone. 14—2. O Ju. Glabra.—Snake head—Lea— T. Ast. Bitter. Prop. Mild narcoticks—Some are tonicks. ORDER 46. GENTIANA. G. N. Gentiana. 5—2. (Europe, Delaware) 1. Lutea.—Yellow /^f^* gentian—R. (Delaware) 2. Purpurea-Pur- /J^>*^<-*~> pie gentian. S. Sept. 3. Catesboei.-6/«e gentian—R. •nrrtrs*Z'~Zk O. S. 4. Saponaria.---uW^*™™ Soap gentian. This genius is tonick and bitter. Spigelia. 5—1. S. J. Marilandica.—Pink root— R—Anth. N.— gr. x. to xx. Frasera. 14—1. S. Ju. Wralteri.— Wild colombo-R. —T. bitter. Sabbatia. 5—1. S. Au. Angularis—American century —bitter. » 36 Menyanthes. 5—1. M. A. &c. J. Trifoliata.—Buck beam —R. T. bitter. Prop. Tonicks and mild catharticks. ORDER 47. APOCYNEAE. G. N. Apocynum. 5—2. O. J. 1. Androsemifolium—Dogbane __R_E_gr. x. to xxx. 2. Cannabinum—Indian. Hemp. Asclepias. 5—2. O. Ju. 1. Syriaca.—Common milk weed— R—Diu. (B.Y.A.S.Ju.)2. Tuberosa.—Butter fly weed—R— Ex-Diu-D- gr. xx. to 5ss. ORDER 48. SAPOTAE. CLASS 5. FLOWERS MONOPETALOUS. Co- rolla Peregynous. ORDER 49. GUAIACANAE. G. N. Styrax. 10—1. (Sumatra.) Benzoin—Benjamin tree —Benzoic Acid —S. Pectoral. i^^^J^y <^-*^J--t£c * ■*----rrnrrii i _______ 37 Angustura or Cusparia. 5—1. Febrifuga—Angustuta— B-S. T-Inc. Sulphate of Iron. Potass. Tartarized Antimony— gr. v. to B\. Prop. Active tonicks and warm stomacicks. ORDER 50. RHODODENDRA. G. N. Rhododendron. 10—1. (Siberia.) 1. Chrysanthum—Yellow flowered rhodom dendum—S. N. 'Ast. C. Ju. 2. Maximum.—American Rosebay—Ast. ftalmia. 10—1. 'O. not at M. J.) 1. Latifolia—Laurel. £ J. 2. Angustifolia—Sheep laurel-Both spe- cies prove fatal to animals on ac- of their being in- digestible—Pre- ventive E. Ledum. 10—1. (M. Canada.) Palustre.—Marsh tea Mild aromatic. Prop. Tonicks. ORDER 51. ERICAE. G. N. Oxycoccus. 8—1. 1. Vulgaris.—Low cranberry. O 2. Macrocarpus—Cranberry, Chimaphila. 10—1. O. Ju. Umbellata.— Winter green— Diu. * D. W. Sturtevant, M. D. in an inaugural dis- sertation for 1822, after repeated trials, recom- mends it as a gentle and agreeable tonick. Arbutus. 10—1. Y. C. Uva ursi—Bear berry-T-D'm, Gaultheria. 10—1. \ v /l so j ' °* J' Procumbens—Spicy winter- -/&*/*+ '^cJS-y^^ (r~^^ Jc^^_ gJnlAnti E.£Zu Monotropa. 10—I. /A7 _^r=zu4/*C^>, "^ VlX ' O- J- Uniflora—Indian pipe. /*flM^± ^ Prop- AsTjSngents. Some bear refrigerant berries. ^t'€J>*t<^ Gerard, and other old physicians applied ^v^ V?Sr plants of this order to cancerous ulcers d^^tp^and to stop hemorhagy, two centuries ago. -U* ORDER 52. CAMPANULACEAE. G. N. Lobelia. 5—1. O 1. Inflata—E—Ex. S. C-Ju. 2.^Cardinalis-Ca«/ma/ flower. Ju* 3* Siphilitica—Blue lobelia. Prop. The nauceous scented are cathartick, emet- ■*• ick, deobstruent and narcotick. The others are mildly aperient. 39 CLASS 6. FLOWERS MONOPETALOUS. Co- rolla epigynous. ORDER 53. CICHORACEAE. G, N. Leontodon. 18—1. O. Taraxicum.—Dandelion—used by Pimberton in chro- nick inf. of the liver. Lactuca. 18—1. Ex. Ju. 1. Sativa—Lettuce—Gum—N. O. Jn. 2. Elongata— Wild lettuce. Prop. Mild aperients and weak anodynes. ORDER 51. C1NAROCEPHALAE. G. N. Cynara. 18—1. Ex Scolymus—Gaiden artichoke. Carduus. 18—1. Vt~ O. J- S. Benedicta—Blessed thistle.J ^^°L<^ Arctium. 18—1. O. Au. Lappa—Burdock—R—Diu. Prop. Tonicks. The nauceous scented are ca- tharticks. * ORDER 55. CORYMBIFERAE. G. N. Eupatorium. 18—2. O. Au. 1. Perfoliatum—Thorough v* wort—Lea— T. E. C. O. Au. 2. Purpureum.—R, Diu. \ ' * > / O. Au. 3. Teucrifolium-T. Diu.D.j ^W^** n Ex. 1. Abrotanum—Southern wood. Ex. 2. Absynthium—Worm-vjood. Ex. 3. Vulgaris—Mug wort ? 40 ^M^^ Ex. Au. S. 4. Maritima.—Sea worm wood. Ex. S. 5. Santonica—Worm seed. 6. Pyrethrum—Pilitory of Spain. Tanacetum. 18—2. Ex. Parthenium—Fever few. Inula. 18—2. ---P. Helenium—gentle S. said to be Ex. Erigeron. 18—2. 0. Ju. 1. Canadense—Flee bane —T. Ast. O. Au. 2. Philadelphicum. O. J. 3. Heterophyllum. Solidago. 18—2. S. 1. Virgaaurea. ^l-£c*<^6u/ O. Au. 2. Ordorata—Sweet scented Golden root— Anth. E. Tussilago. 18—2. O. Farfara—Coltsfoot. xlnthemis. 18—2. Ex. Au. 1. Nobilis—Camomile.- -T. Ex. M. 2. Pyrethrum. O. J. 3. Cotula—may weed. Achillea. 18—2. Millefolium—Yarraw—T, Ast. Prop. Valublae tonicks and stimulants. CLASS 7. FLOWERS MONOPETALOUS. Co- rolla epigynous. Authers distinct. ORDER 56. D1PSACEAE. G. N. Valeriana. 3—1. O, J. Officinalis— Vuknan. R— Apth. N. Emta- Inc Sal i a of Iron. 3j. to *M V 41 ORDER 57. RUBIACEAE, £- St<, /te eA Y^Y^_ / y / / .* / s S -s \ ORDER 60. UMBELL1FERAE. Eryngium. 5—2. v Maritimum.—Sea-eryngo.—R.—Diu. Daucus. 5—2. Carota.—Carrot. Conium. 5—2. O. J. Maculatum.—Poison hemlock. Lea—N. jmperatoria. 5—2. O. M. Ostruthium—Master wort. Pastinaca. 5—2. Ex. Au.—Sativa.—Parsnip. Lygusticum, 5—2. Ex. Leristicum.-—Lotfage. Angelica. 5—2. Ex. Arehangelica.—Archangel— Aromatic. Sium. 5—2. (Europe.) Nudiflorum.— Water parsnip. Cicuta. 5—2. O. Ju. Maculata.—American hemlock. N. Poison. Uraspermum. 5—2. O. J. Claytoni.—Sweet cicily. Carum. 5—2. Ex. Carui.—Car a way.—Sd—Stomachic. Apium. 5—2. Ex. Ju. Petroselinum—Parsley. Anethum. 5—2. Ex. 1. Graviolens.—Dill— Sd—Car- minative. Ex. 2. Foenicalum—Fcnnel^-R. Sd Aromatic. Coriandrum. Ex. Sativum.—Coriander—Sd— Carminative. 44 Pimpinella. 5—2. (Europe.) Anisum—Anise—Sd. Warm and Carminative. Bubon. 5—2. (Europe.) Galbanum—Lavage leaved bubon—Ant, Ex. Deob- struent. Ferula. 5—2. (Persia.) Assafoetida.—Assafoetida S.—Ant. Ex. Emm. Anth. gr. v. to 9i. Heracleum. 5—2. O. Ju. 1. Lanatum—Cow parsley— very poisonous. 2. Gummiferum—Ammoniac —S. Ant. Ex. Diu.—grs. x. 3ss. Cuminum. 5—2. (Egypt.) Cyminum.—Cummin—S. Prop. Deobstruents and narcoticks excepting the sweet scented, which aPe stomachicks. CLASS 9. FLOWERS POLYPETALOUS. STAMENS HYPOGYNOUS. ORDER 61. RANUNCULACEAE. £. N. Zanthorfciza. 5—13. S M. Apiifolia—Paisley yel- low root—B. Tonic. Bit- ter. 45 Pedophyllum. 13—1. O. M. Peltatum—May appk R-C-gr. x. to XXX. Delphinium. 13—5. Ex. Staphisagria. Aconitum, 13—5. Ex J. Napellus—Wolfs bane— Lea—S. D. Diu. gr. ss. gradually increased. Helleborus. 13—13. (Europe.) Niger—Black hellebore —R—Drastic C. Emm. Anemone. 13—13. O. M. Nemorosa—Low anemone Hepatica. 13—13. Triloba—Liver leaf Ranunculus. 13—13. O. M. 1. Acris—Ctowfoot— R. Rub. 2. Bulbosus---Exter- nal S. Coptis. 13—13. O. M. Trifolia—Gold thread— R— bitter. M. Ast. Clematis. 13—13. E. 1. Recta, or Flammula— Sweet scented vir- gins'] bower. Acrid. O. Ju. 2. Virginica— Virgins^ bower. I'rop. Deobstruent cathartick, caustick and nar- cotick—Some are astringent and tonick. 46 ORDER 62. PAPAVERACEAE. &. N. Chelidonium. 13—1. O. M. Majus—Celandine— Formerly used in jaundice. Papaver. 13—1. E. J. 1. Somniferum—Opium poppy —Opium—S. N. Ants. Inc. Alkalies, in- fusion of galls & of yellow cincho- na—gr. It to ij. 'poppy. 2. Album. 3. Rheas— Wild ^anguinaria. 13—1. O. Ap. Canadensis—Bloodroot. /tZStf* R. S. T.E. Agrimonia. 11—12. Europea.—Agrimony—Ast. Nymphaea. 13—1. Odorata—Pond lily—R—Ast. Poul- tice. Nuphar. 13—1. O, Ju, Advena— Water lily. Fumaria. 17—6. Y. C. J. Officinalis—Fumitory. Corydalis. 17—6. Cucullaria—Colic weed. Prop. Deobstruent, cathartick, narcotick and anodyne. The.papaver was in use as an an- odyne in the time of Theophrastus, between three and four hundred years before the christian era. Dioscorides used the fuma- ria and chelidonium as antiscorbutics. 47 ORDER 63. CRUCIFERAE. G. N. Cochlearia. 15—1. E. J. 1. Amoracia—Horse radish—S. E. J. 2. Officinalis—Scurvy grass—S. Diu. Dentaria. 15—2. O. M. Diphjlla--Pepperroot—R, warm taste. Cardamine. 15—1. Pratensis—Meadow ladies smock. Barbarea. 15—1. Officinalis. Rhaphanus. 15—2. Rusticanus- -Radish. Brassica. 15—2. E. ^Q\ei3Lcea-—Cci'n^ion cabbage. ' Sinapis. 5—2. E. J. Nigra—Mustard—Sd—Rub. Sisymbrium. 15—1. Aquaticum— Water cresses. Prop. Aperient, diuretick and emolient. ORDER 64. CAPPARIDES. ORDER 65. SAP1NDI ORDER 66. ACERA G. N. Acer. 8—1. O. M. Saccharinum—Sugar maple— Sugar. Aesculus. 7—1. E. J. Hippoeastanum—Horse ches- 1 ■/ _^L - ^ nut—B. T. /i. to ^s*. Prop. ,Aperient 4 " <1«> ORDER 67. MALPIGHME. ORDER 68. HYPERICA. G. N. Hypericum. 13—5. Perforatum—Common St. John's wort. ORDER 69. GUTTIFERAE. ORDER 70. AURANTIA. G. N. Citrus. (Asia.) 1. Aurantium—Orange tree— Rind Stomachick. , . 2. Medica—Lemon tree--jmce -^^U-*^ ^^4^/A/ *i,772^^*- agreeable Ants. ORDER 71. MELIA. G. N. Melia. 10—1. (Ceylon.) Azedarach—Bead tree— B. ofR. Anth Thea. 13—1. E. Bohea—Bohea tea—S. Canella. 11—1. (W. Indies.) Alba— White canella— Warm S. Prop. Astringent and feeble narcotick- ORDER 72. VITE& G. N. Vitis. 5—1. E.J. 1. Viniferar— Wine grape—Wine—S-. C. 2. Aestivalis—summer grape. Prop. Tonicks and Refrigerants. 49 ORDER 73. GERAN1A. G. N. Geranium. 16—10. O. J. Maculatum—Crowfoot ge- ^ as* ranium—R— L^^c^yC^^C — ^st. Oxalis. 10—5. M. H. C. M. Acetocella— Wood sorrel —Ref. Impatiens. 5—1. ., O. J. Nolitangere—Jewel weed. -gfropaeolum. 18—1. E. Ju. Majus—Indian cress—R —Esculent. Prop. Tonick, refrigerant, & feebly narcotick. ORDER 74. MALVACEAE. G. N. Malva. 16—13. E. J. Sylvestris—Mallows—Dem, Althea. 16—13. E. Rosea—Holly hock. Gossypium. 16—13. E. Au. Herbaceum—Cotton—Used to cover burns. Prop. Emollient and aperient. ORDER 75. MAGNOLIAE. -Beavei Aromatic T. G. N. Magnolia. 13—13. S. J. Glauca—Beaver tree—B- Liriodendron. 13—13. D. Y. J. Tulipifera—Tulip tree— B-T-9ito3ii. Illicium. 13—13. (Mexico) Floridanum—Starry anise— B. Lea-T. S. D. Prop. Tonick. 50 ORDER 76. ANNONAE. ORDER 77. MEN1SPERMA. ORDER 78. BERBERIDES. G. N. Berberris. 6—1. O. Vulgaris—Barberry. Hamamelis. 4—2. O. Virginana—Witch hazle—B— Sedative &discu- tient. Prop. Astringent—Refrigerant. ORDER 79. TILIACEAE. G. N. Tilia. 13—1. O. J. Americana—Bass wood— B—Dem. Prop- Emollient. ORDER 80. ClSTI. G. N. Viola. 5—1. Ex. 1. Odorata—Sweet violet—L. 2. Tricolor—Garden violet. ORDER 81. RUTACEAE. G. N. Ruta. 10—1. Ex. Graviolens—Rue—Lea—S. ORDER 82. CARYOPHYLLEAE. G. N. Dianthus. 10—2. Ex. Caryophyllus—Carnation. Linum. 5—5. Ex. 1. Usitatissamum—Flax—Oil— Em. Dem. J. 2 Catharticum-Pwrgiwg-flax-C. Prop. Emollient and aperient. / in CLASS 10. FLOWERS POLYPETALOUS. STAMENS PERIGYNOUS. ORDER 83. SEMPERVIVAE. G. N. Sedum. 10—5. Majus. Sempervivum. 11—13. Ex. 1. Tectorum—House leek—R. 2. Arboreum—Tree house leek Prop. Emollient and vulnerary. ORDER 84. SAXIFRAGAE. G. N. Saxifraga. 10—2. (England) M. J. Granulata—Whitesax- ifrage-R-Diu. 2. Alba, Tiarella. 10—2. O. Cordifolia ?—Miter wort. Mitella. 10—2. Diphylla ?—Currant leaf. Prop. Tonick. ORDER 85. CACTI. G. N. Ribes. 5—1. Ex M. 1. Rubrum—Currant. 2. Nigrum—Black currant{ Prop. Refrigerant and emollient. ORDER 86. PORTULACCEAE G. N. Portulacca. 10—10. O. J. Oleracea. Prop. Emollient. 52 ORDER 87. FICOIDEAE. ORDER 88. ONAGRAE. G.N. Epilobium. 8—1. M. H. Spicatum— Willow herb —R—Dem. Oenothera. 8—1. O. J. Biennis—Scabish—R—Dem. Prop. Tonick and aperient. ORDER 89. MYRTI. G. N. Myrtus. 12—1. Ex. J. 1. Communis—Myrtle (W. Indies) 2. Pimento-Jamaica-pepper —fruit—warm aromatic S. Eugenia. 12—1. Caryophyllata—Clove tree—Hot sti- mulating aromatic. Melaleuca. Leucadendron—Cajeput tree—Oil— warm & peculiar S. Prop. Tonick. ORDER 90. MELASTOMAE. ORDER 91. SAL1CARIAE. G.N. Ly thrum. 11—1. (Canada & N. England) Salicaria— Milk willow herb. ORDER 92. ROSACEAE. G.N. Pyrus. 12—5. Ex. J. 1 Cydonia—Quince Ex.M. 2. Malus—Apple. 53 fozs^r Sorbus. 12—5. H. M. J. Americana—Mountain aslu _B—T-Ast. Rosa. 12—13. 1. Gallica—French rose. 2. Canina— Dog rose. 3. Centifolia—Hundred leaved rose. 4. Damascena—Damask rose. 5. Rubra—Red rose. Agrimonia. 11—12. Eupatoria—Agrimony—Herb—Ast. Fragaria. 12—13. Canadensis—Mountain strawberry. Geum. 12—13. O. J. Rivale—Purple avens—R. T. Rubus. 12-13. L^hsL,tUA, _i# yillosus—High black berry—R. Ast. / 2. Trivialis. Spiraea. 12—5. £&zscc- Ex. M. 2. Nana—Flowering almond. Ex. M. 3. Persica— Peach— Flowers & Lea.—C. Anth. Punica. 12—1. (Spain,) Granatum—Pomegranate tree—Ast. Prop. Refrigerant, tonick, astringent. 54 ORDER 93. LEGUMINOSAE. tj. N. Cassia. 10—1. Ex. 1. Senna—Egyptian senna— Lea. C. O. Au. 2. Marilandica—Wild senna. Lea. C. 3. Chamaecrista—Partridge pea. 4, Fistula—Purging cassia— Pulp-L. Baptisia. 10—1. O. S. Tinctoria- Wild indigo-R. Ast. Mimosa. 16—10. 1. Catechu—Catechu mimosa—Extract Ast. 2.- Nilotica—Egyptian mimosa acacia— Dem. Spartium. 17—10. Ex. J. Scoparium—Scotch broom L. Diu. Phaseolus. 17—10. Ex. J. Vulgaris—Common pole bean. Glycirrhiza. 17—10. Glabra—Common liquorice—R— Dem. Ex. Dolichos. 17—10. Ex. Pruriens—Cowage—Spicula —Anth. Pisum. 17—10. Ex. J. Sativum—Pea. Tamarindicus. 16—3. (The Indies) Indica—Tamarind tree.—L. Haematoxylum. 10—1. (Mexico) Campeachianum—Log wood tree—Ast. •\atragalus. 17—10. I. Exscapus. / 2. Tragacantha-GW tragacanth fyr****** Dem. ' GeoiTraca. 17—10. L. Inermis—Cabbage bark tree—Anth. /? y Pterocarpus. 17—18. &^<^^>~? (E. India) Santalinus—RedSaun- ders. Copaifera. 10—1. .-"> /-V-' Qmc*nans—Copaiva tree—Resin—de- 'M^t^fcttiJ----- — tergent gtt. v. to xl. '" Piiop. Emollient, diuretick, aperient. ORDER 94. TEREBINTACEAE. G. N. Rhus. 5- -3. O. J. 1. Vermix- -Poison sumach. 2. Toxicodendron—Poison ash. C Juglans. 20—13. Z^t^-^ty/^----O. M. Cinerea—Butter nut—B—C. /^^ I Zanthoxylum 21—5. / ,0 _. (X M. Fraxineum—Prickly ash— ~ /^^r ^4%*<«^ ^^fc—--- B. S. 2,0p o Amyris. 8—1. ' (Africa) Gileadensis—Balsam of gilead. Toluifera. 10—1. (S. America)—Officinalis—Balsom of Tolu tree—S. Prop. Cathartick, Emetick, Narcotick. ORDER 95. RHAMNI. G. N. Rhamnus. 5—1. O. M. Catharticus—Buck thorn—C. r „ Prinos. 6—1. i >rls.) Moschata—JSutmeg —S. Anodyne 9i. not to ex- ceed. Myroxylon. 10—1. Peruiferum—Peruvian Balsam— S. Diu. Ex—medi- um dose. 3ss. G. N. Myrrha. (Abyssinia.)----Myrrh—S. T.—Bl Piper. 2—3. (E. Indies.) 1. Nigrum—Black Pep- per— 2. Longum—Long Pep- per— S. Quassia. 10—1. (Guiana.) 1. Simaruba—Bitter Dam- son—B. & wood —Ast. T.—3ss. to 3i. best giv- en in infusion. 2. Excelsa. Stalagmitis. (Siam.). Cambogioides—Gamboge —Gum Resin— drastic C. E. gr. ii. to viii. A TAXICOLOG1CAL TABLE. In which are exhibited at one view the antidotes to the most com- mon poisons, or substances which in an over dose destroy life. SUBSTANCES. Sulphuric Acid, Muriatic Acid, Nitric Acid, ANTIDOTES. Calcined Magnesia, (Suspended in tcater,) Chalk, Hard soap, (Dem. Em.) Potash, Pearlash, Vinegar, Lemon juice, (Mucilaginous drinks.) Nitre or Salt Petre, (Excite vomiting,) (Mucilaginous drinks.) Nitrate of Silver or Lunar Caustic, Common Salt, (dissolved in water,) (Em. Dem,) Corrosive sublimate, Red Precipitate, Vermilion, White of Eggs, Flour (in large quantity.) (Dem.,) Verdigris, Blue Vitriol, No antidote, (Milk and water,) White of Eggs. Sugar of Lead, White Lead, Glauber's Salt, Epsom Salt, ( Dilunents,) White Oxide of Arsenic, No antidote, (Sulphate of Copper or Zinc to excite vomiting,) (Large draughts of Sugared (tcater,) Emetic Tartar, Glass of Antimony, Butter of Antimony, Astringent decoctions of Vegeta-bles, such as oak bark, galls, &c. Tea Acetate of Morphia, Opium. To relieve the effects of vegetable poisons, if vomiting have not taken place it should be excited by the use of Sulphate of Zinc or Copper, aided by large draughts of water or gruel—followed by Ca- tharticks—Sometimes Ether or other stimulants are to be used. Coffee rapidly lessens the effects of opium. Vinegar and othei acids accelerate and aggravate its action. They combine with the Morphia and produce active Narcotic Salts. ERRATA, -tkoi 13 line 5, 6, & 19, from the top Corbonate should b<* Carbonate. 14 13 read Naphtha. 17 12 Colli/rium. 19 32 ALGAE. 20 3 FILICLS, after the line 22, add OR-DER 6. NIADES. 22 29 J. in lieu of G. 23 1 J do. — 13 6—1. — 22 Emollient. 24 8 Expectorants. 25 5 Emollients. — 18 9—6. 28 15 Emollients. 32 5 Physicians. — 6 belonging. — 21 2—1. 35 23 Genus. — 23 4—1. — 32 Centaury. 39 6 Pemberton. « 40 18 Anti. — 27 Valuable. — 32 (Europe.) 45 1 Podophyllum. 49 11 Tropaeolum. 54 3 S. for O. 55 16 Vernix. 56 10 # 11 P easant. 57 25 Tremuloides. 58 1 Rostrata. — 5 Rubra. 60 16 CLASS. INDEX. Sulphuric acid, Ul Sulphurous acid, 11 Sus, 59 Ulmus, Symphitum 34 Uraspermum Urtica, T. TamarindicuS, 54 Tanacetum, 40 Valeriana, Taxus, 59 Veratrum, Teucrium, 30 Verbascum, Thymus, 31 Verbena, Thea, 48 Veronica, Tiarellaj 51 Viburnum, Tilia, 50 Viola, Tin, 17 Vitis, Toluifera, 55 Trillium, 22 Triisteum, 42 Triticum, 21 Zanthorhiza, Tropaeoleum, 49 Zanthoxylun Tussilago, 40 Zea, Typha, 21 Zinc, 10 ENGLISH INDEX- A. Barytes, (ponderous spare,) IS Muriate, 13 Acids, carbonic, 11 'Bass wood, 50 muriatic, 11 \k>y berry, 57 sulphuric, 11 Beaked hazle, 58 sulphurous, IljBcadtree, 48 prussic, ir.iP-ean, 54 Agrimony, 53 Bear berry, 38 Alkii'.j'.:i, 34 Beaver tree, 49 Almond (tree) 53 Beet, 28 Aloes, 23 Bedstraw, 41 Alum, 14 Benjamin tree, 36 American centaury, . 35 Bitter apple, 56 hemlock 43 Bitter sweet, 33 rosebay, 37 Black mulberry, 57 Ammoniac, 44 hellebore, 45 Aminoniated copper, 16 Blue flag, 24 Ang'^tura, 37 gentian, ^ lobelia, 35 Anise, 44 38 Antimony, 17 vitriol, 16 Apple, 52 Blessed thistle, 39 Aqua Fortis, 12 Blood-root, 46 Archangel, 43 tiohea tea, 48 Arrow root, 60 Bole, 14 Arsenic, 17 Bo age, 34 Artichoke, 39 Br rax, 13 .Yssaioeuda, 44 Brake, (common) 20 Brooklime, 29 B. 3uck be.n, 36 Buck th ,-n, 55 Balm, 31 ■Buj'ios, 34 Balsam of Gilead, 55|Bi,r:..rk, 39 Tolu, 55 in.ii 'fly weed, 36 Balsam tree, 58 Butternut, 55 Barley, 21 Barberry, 50 C. Bismuth (subnitrate,) 6t Bitter damson, 66 Cabbage, 47 iNDEX. Cabbage bark tree, 55 Corrosive sublimate, Cajeput tree, 52 Cotton, Calomel, 15 Cowage, Chamomile, 40 Cow parsley Camphor, 27 Cranberry, Cancer root, 29 Crawfish, Caraway, 43 Cream of Tartar, Cardinal flower, 38 Crow foot, Carier sturgeon, 61 Crow foot geranium, Carnation, 50 Cucumber, ' Cardamom, 24 Cummin, Carrot, 43 Curled dock, Cascarilla, 56 Currant, Cassia, (tree) 27 Castor, 59 D. Castoroil, (plant) 56 Cat-tail (flag,) 21 Dandelion, Catmint, 30 Deadly night shade, Catechu mimosa, 54 Dictany of crete, Catter piller fern, 20 Dill, Celandine, 46 Dock mackie, Centaury, (American) 3. Dodder, Chalk, "is Dog-tooth violet, Charcoal, 14 Dogbane, Cherry, 53 1 )og\vood, Cherry laurel, 53 Dwarf grouud nut, Chcsnut, "■7 Dwarf >ew, Chinese Smilax, 22 Cinnabar, 15! E. Cinnamon, 2j[ Citrine ointment, 15 Egyptian mimosa, Cives, 23 Elder, Clarry, 30 Elm, Climbing birthworr, 25 English saffron, Ciove, (tree; 52 Ens veneris, Clubmoss, 20 Epsom salt, Cochineal, . 62 Etheops mineral, Coffee (tree) 41 Ether sulphuric, Colic weed, 46j Nitrous spirits of Colts foot 40 Colombo, 66\ F. Comfrey, 34J Contrayerva, 57 False aloe, Cop iiva tree, 55 False wake robin. Copper, 16 Fennel, Coral, 03 Fever bush, Coriander, 43 vni INDEX. Fever few, 40[rloney, 42lHorehound, 34 Horse chesnut, Fever root, Fiddleleaved bind weed, Fig tree, 57Horse raddish, Flax, 50Hop, Flea bane, 40.Hound tongue, Flowering almond, 53iHouse leek, Flowering fern, . 20Hyssop, Fowl, (dunghill) 60 Fox glove, 32 ] French rose, 53 Fringed orchis, 25 Iceland moss, Fumitory, 46 Indian corn, cress, G. hemp, turnip, Gamboge, 66 pipe, Garden violet, 50 physic, Garlic, 23 Ipecacuanha, Gentian, 35 Iron, German Leopard's bane, 65 Ginger 24 J Ginseng, 42 . Glauber's salt, 12 Jalap, Gold, 14 Jamaica pepper Gold thread, 45;James' powder, Gourd, 5g Jewel weed, Grape, 48 J uniper, Great Bistort, 27 Gromwell, 34 1 Ground ivy, 42 31 Guaiacum, 36rUno, Guinea pepper, 33 Gum tragacanth, 55 J H. Larch, Laurel, Hackmatack, 58 Lavender, Hedge hyssop, ' 32 Leather wood, Henbane, 33 Lead, Hemlock, 58 .Leech, Hemp, 57 Leek, Hepar sulphuris, 12 Lemon (tree) Hepatized ammonia, 12 Lettuce, High blackberrv, 53 Lily, Hog, 59 Lime, Hollyhock, 49 INDEX. Liquorice, Liver leaf, Litharge, Log wood, (tree) Long rooted birth wort, Long rooted turmeric, Loose strife, Lovage, •Lovage leaved bubon, Low anemone, Low cranberry, Lunar caustic, Lung wort, M. Mackaw tree, Madder, Mad dog scull cap, Mangnesia, Maiden hair, Major plantain, Male poly pody, Male orchis, Mallows, Manganese, Manna ash, Marsh rosemary, Marsh tea, Master wort, May apple, May weed, Maiden ladies smock, Meadow sweet, Meadow saffron, Melon, Mercury, Mezereon, Milk weed, Milk willow herb, Miter wort, Mountain leek, .Mountain ash, Mountain strawberry, Mother of thyme, Mother wort, Mui" wort, 4r i' 5^ 25 24 28 43 44 45 37 15 34 Mullein, lustard, '' usk deer, lyrrh, Myrtle, Nettle, Nitre, Northern mint, Nutmegg, O. Oak, Oak of Jerusalem, Oats, Olibanum, One flowered cancer root, Onion, Opium, (poppy) Orange (tree) Ox, Oyster, 22 41 31 13 20 28 20 25 49 17 29 2S 37 Parsley, 43 Parsnip, 45 Parsley yellow root, 40 Partridge pea, 47|Pea, 53JPeach, 23|Pearl ash, 56 Penny royal, > Peppermint, i Pepper black, long, Pepper roo', Peruvian balsam, jPeruvian bark, 53|Pilitory of Spain, 53 Pink root, 8l|Pliini, 31 Poison ash, 39:Poison hemlock. 15 26 36 52 51 no. 33 47 60 66 52 57 12 31 66 58 27 21 58 29 23 46 48 60 61 43 43 44 54 54 53 12 31 31 66 66 47 66 41 40 35 53 55 43 X INDEX. Poison sumach, 5f Scammony, 34 Poke weed, 2S Scabish, 52 Poly pod, 20 Scotch broom, 54 Pomegranate, (tree) 53 Scotch fir, 5S Pot ash, 12 Scurvy grass, 47 Potash Acetate of 65 Scullcap, 31 and Soda Tartrate of 65 Sea worm wood, 40 Potatoe, 33 Sea eryngo, 43 Potatoe fly, 62 Seneca snake root, 29 Frickly ash, 55Senna, 54 Prussian blue, 65 Sheep, 60 Pumpkin, 56 Sheep laurel, 37 Purple avens, 53 Silver, 15 Purple gentian, 35 Skunk cabbage, 21 Purging cassia, 54 Slippery elm, 58 Smilax, 22 Q. Snake head, 35 Soap,(hard) 13 Quince, 52 Soap gentian, 35 Soda, 13 R. Solidago fly, 62 Solomon seal, 22 Raddish, 47 Soluble tartar, 12 Red cedar, 58 Sorrel, 27 osier, 42 Southern wood, 39 precipitate, Er> Spanish fly, 62 saunders, 55 Spearmint, 31 Reindeer moss, 19 Speedwell, 29 Rhubarb, 27 Spermaceti (whale,) 60 Rice, 22 Spicy birch, ■ 57 Rose, 53 Spicy wintergreen, 38 Rosemary, 30 Spirit of mindererus, 12 Rotang cane, 22 Sponge, 63 Rue, 50 Spruce, 58 Rye. 21 Spruce fir, 58 Squash, 56 s. Squill, 24 Starry anise, 49 Saffron, 24 Stag, 60 Sa?e, 30 St. Johns wort, 48 Sal ammoniac, 12 Sugar cane, 21 Sal martis, 16 Sugar of lead, 16 Salt, (common) 13 Sug:sr maple, 47 Salt, (tartar) 12 Sulphur, 14 Salt of hartshorn, 12 Summer Savory, 31 Sassafras, (tree) 26 Sweet bay, 27 Savin, 58 J cicily. -t? INDEX. xi tern, 58 flag, marjoram, 31 pigweed, 27 violet, 5 Sweet scented golden rod, 40 Sweet scented virgin bower, 45 Syrian herb mastic, 30 Tamarind, (tree) 54 Tartar emetic, 1 Thorn apple, 33 Thorough wort, 39 Thyme, 31 Tin, 17 Tobacco, 33 Tree house leek, 51 Tulip tree, 49 Turpeth mineral, 15 Valerian, 40 Verdigris, 16 Vervain, (common) 30 Virgins bower, 45 Virginian snake root, 25 Vitriilated tartar, 12 Vitriol, (oil of) 11 Volati'e liniment, 12 Vomic nut, 33 W. Wake robin, * 21 Water cresses, 41 duck, 27 horehound, SO parsnip, 43 plantain, 23 -Vheat, 21 White heat, 28 cannella, 48 lead, 17 lily, 23 hellebore, 23 precipitate, 15 poplar, 57 snakeroot, 26 saxifrage, 51 vitriol, 17 Wild indigo, 54 beach, 57 cucumber, 56 lettuce, 39 marjoram, 31 p°ppy> 46 sarsaparilla, 42 Willow. 57 Willow herb, . 52 Winter berry, 55 Wintergreen, 38. Witch hazle, 50 Wolfs bane, 45 Wood sage, 30 Wood sorrel, 40 Worm seed, 27 40 Worm wood, 39 Y. Yarrow, 40 >Iknv erentian, 35 ■fellow flo .vered rhododendum 37 'hiC, \v ^C VO ^ ""* eo *h $ni eo ^ "^ co «n 'O-tHinNiotOHHnioTji^o K n to h K ^ m « K * Ci Cj Q 55 e= — rt 3 E 4> O) JC 5- w « s s o v a .i' o o o C3C2£-^lX£aC3eaCQC2COCaC2Cfl - g cs - 2 41 ■a'JB .J? a S 2 « ~ = o Es»«?-flsS2??u«abii tuo-n \s .2 .2 c -a Sr, » n3 "- *2 *n <*;•; Euphorbia, 66^ 14l 58'p • 43 Fagus, 22 Ferula, S4pcus». 5 F nigana, 1V Frasera, ,. Fraxinus, ,„r umaria, 43, 42: 46| ','' Galium, ^4Gaultheria, 5° Gentiana, ^Geoffraea, 0 Geranium, f4Geum, ~~ Glechoma, 20 Glycyrrhiza, * Gorgonia, Gossipium, (Gratiola, .Gauiacum, 26; 33J 43|ilamamclis, 45 Haematoxylon II. '\ INDEX. ui Hedera, 42i Lycopodium, 20 Hederoma 31 Lycopus, 30 Halleborus, 45 Lygusticam, 43 Hepatica, 45Lysimachia, 28 Heracleum, 44Lythrum, 52 Hirud , 6lLyttae, 62 Hordium, 21 Humulus, 57 M. Hyoscyamus, 33 Hypericum, 48 Magnesia, 13 Hyssopus, 30Magnolia, ,49 Malva, 49 I. Manganese, 17 Maranta, 66 Ictodes, 2l!Marrubium, 31 Illicium, 49;Melaluca, 52 Impatiens, 49Melia, 48 Imperatoria, 43 Melissa, 31 Inula, 40 Meloe, 62 Iris, 24 Mentha, 31 Iron, 16 Menyanthes, 36 Mercury, 15 J. Mimosa. 54 • Momordica, 56 Juglans, 55 Monotropa, 38 Juniperus, 58 Morns, 57 Moschus, 60 K. Muriatic acid, 11 Myroxylon, 66 Kaempferia, 24 Myrica, 57 Kalmia, 37 Myristica, 66 Myrtus, 52 L. Myrrha, 66 Lactuca, 39 N. Laurus, 26 Lavandula, SO Nepeta, 30 Lead, it; Nephrite, 14 Ledum, 37 Xicotiana, 33 Leonorus, 31 .Nuphar, 46 Leontodon, 39 Nymphaea, 46 Lilium, 23 Lime, . 13 0. Linum, 50 Liriodendron, 49'Oenothera, 52 Lithospetnum. . «; t Orobanche, 1 90 Lobelia, ** IV INDEX. Orchis, 25Rhaphanus, Origanum, 31 Rheum, Oryza, 22 Rhododendron, Osmunda, 20|Rhus, Ostrea, 6l Ribes, Ovis, 60 Ricinus, Oxalis 49Rosa, Oxycoccus, 37jRosmarinus, Rubia, P. Rubus, Rumex, Panax, 42Ruta, Papaver, 46 Parietaria, ->7 S Pastinaca, 43 Phaseolus, 54$abbatia, Phasianus, 6oSaccharum, Physeter, 60 Salix, Phytolacca, 28 Salvia, Plantago, 28 Sambucus, Pimpinella, 44 Sanguinaria, Pinus, 58 Satureja, Piper, . 66Saxifraga, Pisum, 54 Scilla, Podophyllum, 45 Scolopendrium, Polygala, 29 Scutellaria, Polygonum, 27 Secale, Polypodium, 20Sedum, Populus, 57 Sempervivum, Portulacca, 51 Silver, Potash, 12 Sinapis, Prinos, 55 Sisymbrium, Primus, 53Sium, Pteris, 20 Smilax, Pterocarpus, 65 Soda, Pulmonaria, 34 Solanum, Punica, 53 Solidago, Pyrus, 52 Sorbus, Spartium, Q. Spigelia. Quassia, 66; Spiraea, Quercus, 58! *.* :,* '.*■>. :<;.v ..Sri