Health Statistics OF Women College Graduates. sr Beport of a Special Committee of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae, ANNIE G. HOWES, Chairman, Together with Statistical Tables collated by the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor. BOSTON: WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS, 18 Post Office Square. 1885. from Advertiser, -HEALTH OF FEMALE COL- JjEGE graduates. '1 fta-ktatistics of tTiis nart w»r» 4welshed-free- (: w-*penye tcr rhe-CaTn-mo-n weaith by~$he Associa- tion of Collegiate Alumnae. TiaaSSfillicISHmi was organized in 1882 by women graduates from tbe leading colleges and universities of the United States. It now numbers 386 members, wno are v dely scattered throughout the country. The first general work which was attempted was to , investigate the health cf women graduates, a subject winch is of the gravest importance, be- cause of its relation to the higher education of women, and one which hitherto has been left to theory and surmise. A committee of which Miss Annie G. Howe3 of Boston was chairman, pre- pared and sent to 1290 alumnae a schedule of over •10 questions, relating to conditions of childhood, individual health, family health, college condi- tions and conditions since graduation. Seven hundred and five of these circulars were returned, and a pamphlet has been issued by the associa- tion, giving the results of the investigation as colieeted by the bureau of statistics of labor. Referring briefly to the elaborate tables which have been prepared it appears: That the gradu- ates are largely of American parentage. The average age at which they began study was 5.04 years, at entering college 18.35 years, and the average present age is 28.58 years. During col- lege life the majority studied but moderately,and only 4± per cent did not worry over their studies or ailairs. Since graduation all seem te have found congenial occupation, a great many as teachers, while eight only are occupied with social duties to the exclusion of other occupa- tions. Somewhat over one fourth have married, and of the whole number of children borne by them the greater part are living and in good health. On entering college 78.16 per cent were in good, 1.98 per cent in fair and 19.86 in poor health. Since graduation the percentages are 77.89, 5.11 and 17.02 respectively, in other words, 138 report a deterioration in health, 418 have had no change, and 149 show an improvement in health. Tlie most prevalent cause of disorders is constitutional weakness. The present health of graduates seems to have been affected accord- ing as their parents have enjoyed either good or poor health, the figures showing 3 per cent increase in health for those whose parents were both in good health, and a decline in health of over 17 per cent for those wnose parents were both in poor health. For those who entered college at 16 years ot age or under, an increased deterioration in health of between 10 ana 11 per cent as compared with those who entered at a later age is observed. Those who worried ever studies alone show no perceptible change in health; those who worried over personal affairs, a decline in health of over 10 per cent; those who worried over both studies and affairs, a de- cline in healtn ef 15 per cent, while those who worried,over neither studies nor affairs show an increas«4-n health of 10 per cent. Although tne average good heath of the graduates who studied severely was considerably less than the average good health of all the graduates, their health did not suffer material deterioration during college life. The value of these statistics cannot ,be ques- tioned on the ground that their loyalty to their alma mater would prevent those whose experi- ence was unfavorable from sending in a state- ment, as tabulation was begun when 456 answers had been received and the percentage averaging good health bore about the same proportion to tlie total number then received, as it does now that 250 more returns have been gained. The bureau of statistics of labor, in con- cluding the report, says: “The facts which we have presented weuld seem to war- rant the assertion that the seeking of a college education on the part of woman does not in itself necessarily entail a loss of health or serious impairment of the vital forees. Indeed, the tables shew this so con- clusively that there is little need, were it within our province, for extended discussion on the subject. The graduates, as a body, entered college in good health, passed through the course of study prescribed without material change in health, and since graduation, by reason of the effort required to gain a higher education do net seem to have become unfitted to meet the responsibilities or bear their propor- tionate share of the burdens of life. It is true that there has been, and it was to be expected there would be, a certain deterioration in health on the part @f some of the graduates. On the other hand, an almost identical improvement in health lor a like number was reported, showing very plainly that we must look elsewnere for the causes of the greater part of this decline in health during college life. If we attempt to trace the cause we find that this deterioration is largely due, not to the requirements of college life particularly, but to predisposing causes natural to tlie graduates themselves, born in them as it were, and for which college U£e PC «cudy Simula not be maae responsible,” Extra copies of this pamphlet may be obtained of Miss Marion Talbot, 66 Marlborough Street, Boston, Mass. Price, 25 cents. Health Statistics OF Women College Graduates. ' Retort of a Special Committee of the Association III of Collegiate Alumnae, ANNIE G. HOWES, Chairman, Together with Statistical Tables collated by the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor. BOSTON: WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS, 18 Post Office Square. 1885. CONTENTS. Page Report of Annie G. Howes, 5-18 Report of Mass. Bureau of Statistics of Laror, 19-78 Introduction, 19-21 The table of colleges or universities of the United States included in the Association, ' 21 Conditions of Childhood, 21-25 Parent nativity, 22 Childhood spent in city or country, 22 Childhood spent in city or country. Summary, 22 Out-door exercise, between eight and fourteen years of age, ... 23 Age at beginning study, etc., 23 Age at entering college 24 Age at graduating from college, 24 Present age, 25 College Conditions 25, 26 College study, 26 College worry, 26 Kind of exercise, 26 Amount of exercise, 26 College habits, 26 Number abstaining from exercise during menstrual period, ... 26 Entered society during college life, 26 College room-mate, 26 Conditions Since Graduation, . . . 27-30 Post-graduate occupations, 27 Post-graduate occupations. Averages, 28 Conjugal condition, and number reporting children, .... 28 Present age and health of children living, 29 Number of children who have died, and cause of death, ... 29 Conjugal condition, and number of children. Summary, ... 30 Number of graduates who have died, and cause of death, ... 30 Individual Health 30-37 Physical condition, 30,31 Nervousness, 32 Age at beginning of the menstrual period, - 32 4 CONTENTS. Page Individual Health — Con. Conditions attending the menstrual periods 32, 33 Number of graduates reporting disorders, ...... 34 Number of disorders, 34 Disorders, 34-36 Causes of disorders, etc., . . 36,37 Comparison Tables, 37-59 Parent nativity as compared with present health, . . . .37,38 Out-door exercise as compared with present health, . . . . 39, 40 Age at beginning study as compared with present health, . . .40, 41 Age at entering college as compared with present health, . . . 41,42 Time of entering college after beginning of menstrual period as com- pared with present health, 43-45 Health of parents as compared with present health of graduates, . 45-47 Hereditary tendency to disease as compared with present health, . . 48, 49 Age at entering college as compared with health during college life, . 49, 50 College study and college worry as compared with health during col- lege life, 51,52 Present health of graduates who entered society a good deal during college life, 52 Health at time of entering and during college life of graduates who studied severely at college, as compared with present health, . . 53, 54 Number of graduates who studied severely at college reporting dis- orders, as compared with present health, 55 Number of disorders reported by graduates who studied severely at college, 56 Disorders reported by graduates who studied severely at college, . . 56, 57 Time and causes of disorders reported by graduates who studied severely at college, . . . 58,59 Review of the Tables 58-74 Summary of Results, 74-78 ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGIATE ALUMNA]. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON HEALTH STATISTICS. Annie G. Howes, Chairman. Presented May 16, 1885. The justice of a law of liberty that shall allow all individuals, women as well as men, the privilege of growing to the full stature of their mental possibilities has been more fully recog- nized in this country than elsewhere as is proved by the oppor- tunities for intellectual training offered to women. Unless this freedom of mental action lies in harmony with the universal physical and moral laws of Nature, liberty has overstepped the boundaries of legitimacy and become license, a policy of dis- cord sure to end only in evil results. It is because such a cry of “license” has been raised against a college education for women that this Association, representing the women of this country who have received a college degree, bent its energies to the task of discovering upon what actual basis the claims regarding the physical incapacity of college women rest. A series of forty questions, prepared with the utmost care, was submitted to the alumnae of the colleges included in the Association and answers were received from 705 women. Through the kindness of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statis- tics of Labor, the papers have been examined and the replies tabulated. Before referring to the statistical facts which our researches have revealed, it may be well to glance a little at the environ- ment of the college girl of to-day and the weight it would possess to influence her physical being for good or evil. A college education for women is after all but one of the phases 6 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. of our modern civilization and it is unfair to assume that to it alone must be attributed any loss of physical strength that a college bred woman may suffer. It is but just to attempt to present a broad view of life that “ shall see it steadily and see it whole.” It is as true of generations as of individuals that no man liveth to himself and no man dieth to himself. In endeavoring to estimate the strength or weakness of the physi- cal and mental forces that enter into the life of a woman of our day we must allow a large margin for the legacy of benefactions and evils to which she has fallen heir. So conscious have we become in these latter days of the power of one generation to impress its physical, mental and moral eccentricities upon suc- ceeding lives that we are in great danger of underrating the strength of individuality and the force nature constantly exerts to return to her normal standard. Life is not simple automatic action despite the views of ultra-evolutionists. In large pro- portion our women college graduates are descended from Ameri- can parentage : 587 out of our 705 responses claim both parents as natives of the United States of America. They have inherited the special characteristics of our New England ancestors. The Northern and North-western States furnish by far the larger number of college students; the Southern States have had but few representatives. We may safely say that the Puritan element enters largely into the composition of the charac- ters of the women who attend our colleges. With all its splendid virtues we know well the evil, that accompanies the introspective, self-accusing spirit of Puritanism, the morbid sense of justice and over-scrupulosity that are too frequently its manifestations, and the worriment and consequent dissatis- faction with life it produces. Must we not ascribe in great measure to constitutional tendencies the worriment over their work to which so large a number of college women plead guilty; an evil whose surest antidote is to be found in the truer conception of life which a broader culture brings. The habitual tendency of our American women to worry over life is claimed to be at the bottom of more than one-half of those nervous diseases to which American women are specially prone. Some of the clearest thinkers among physicians are now urg- ing that the healthy mental stimulus of a college training is the best specific for this evil. We cannot think that our fore- COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 7 mothers, whose lives were spent with very limited knowledge of the many laws of sanitary science which guard our own, can have passed down to us a dowry of perfect physical strength. Even the opponents of higher education admit the force of this fact. An English physician says : “ The fact is, if we and our families were thoroughly healthy in original constitution the educationalists and their present over-enthusi- astic methods would not hurt our daughters so very much, perhaps, at least, not permanently. It is because few persons now-a-days have faultless constitutions and few families are altogether free from some tendency to disease, that one needs now to be more careful of the constitutions of the mothers of the next generation.” It is difficult to estimate what propor- tion of our bodily weakness must be traced to former ignorance of the laws of hygiene, but from what record tells us of the lives of the olden New England dames, they frequently sinned against Nature and we suffer the penalties of their transgres- sions. Again we must bear in mind that the study we have made to order our lives in accordance with the laws of sanitary science has tended to bring to maturity many a fragile exist- ence which in former generations would have been blighted in early youth. Such lives among us tend to increase the ratio of weak to strong physiques. It is not rare to find among these delicately organized women minds of unusual mental force who seek a congenial atmosphere within a college build- ing, but whose presence helps to lower the ratio of physical strength. Another fertile cause of the overtax made upon the nervous strength to-day has been the rapid discovery of inven- tions which wonderfully enlarge the scope of thought and action. Electricity and steam have practically annihilated the limits of time and space, and put a severe pressure upon the mental power of men and women to grasp the wider knowledge and more varied interests which are thus brought into their consciousness. The healthy physical development of women is at a disadvantage compared with that of man from the requirements of dress. The dress of man fairly meets the conditions of health even though it may sadly fail to satisfy the esthetic sense. But fashion, who tyrannizes over the lives of most women, is no devotee of physical science, and persists in her baleful caprices despite the misery to which she gives 8 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. rise. Here again is an evil open to the remedy of a better knowledge of physiology and of the relentless vengeance of thwarted Nature, knowledge that a college training can amply supply. If a better education brings with it fuller obedience to the laws of health in regard to dress, is it not injustice to arraign it as antagonistic to the best physical development of women ? The social customs of modern life demand a calmness of ex- pression and a reserve of feeling which are only gained at the expense of much nervous force. The heroines of our tales to-day no longer swoon or give way to passion in a flood of tears. Those feminine outlets for excessive excitement are tabooed. The braver and harder task is theirs of bearing dis- appointment with an outward smile at the cost of much vital energy. It may not be irrelevant to mention also the effect of our American climate upon the health of our people. The more rapid and greater changes of temperature experienced here than elsewhere, and the dryness of the atmosphere as compared with that in other civilized countries, give rise to more exposure and more trying hygienic conditions. The climatic effects of our country are at once noted by foreigners in the stimulus and general exaltation of feeling which are produced, but the vital force is too rapidly exhausted and one is left without reserve powers of endurance. We have briefly outlined the conditions which handicap the physical progress of all women of our day, whether or no they attempt to take advantage of the opportunities offered for pur- suing their education beyond the point their mothers attained. That a college education perse did not first call public notice to the lack of vigor on the part of our American women is proved by the fact that attention was drawn to the evil through various sources before colleges for women existed. An article may be found in an old number of the Putnam’s magazine, entitled “The Little Health of American Women,” which was published some half dozen years before Vassar, the first college for women, was founded. The writer of the article makes no mention of excessive mental labor as productive of the distressing state of affairs, but thinks the conditions of the times sufficient to account for the general physical deterioration. COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 9 Having prepared ourselves to take into proper estimation the force which our present modes of life exert upon the health of women, we will give some of the results gained from the tabulation of our 705 papers. Obviously the most interesting answers are those made as to the present general health. Against the adjectives, excellent, good, indifferent, poor, which were suggested as typical condi- tions of health, we find the following numbers: 272 report themselves as in excellent health, 277 as in good health, 85 as in indifferent, and 35 as in poor. There were 36 others not willing to class themselves under any of these heads whose total answers allowed of their being averaged under the term fair. If we add together those in excellent and good health we find they constitute nearly 78 per cent of the entire number; while if to this standard be added those who were willing to admit their health as fair we bring up the ratio to 83 per cent, leav- ing 17 per cent to be placed in the list of the bodily miserable and infirm. But our research proves that when these same 705 students entered college 140 of them, or 20 per cent, were below the standard of fair health, so that the college training; instead of adding to seems to have detracted from the number of invalids, and can be counted as a positive physical benefac- tion. If we take single colleges we find the percentage of im- provement frequently even larger. Vassal’, whose number of responses far exceeds those of any other college, constituting near one-half of the entire number, and whose percentage of returns for the number of circulars issued to its Alumnae reaches as high as 63 per cent, gives 6 per cent of improvement in health. The answer to this question of general health is the pivotal response, for it brings the controversy to a definite issue. Is the higher education of women detrimental or not to their physical well-being? We answer conclusively, no, un- abashed by the note-books of physicians or the theories of sociologists. We rest our answer upon the admitted experi- ence of 705 college women whose testimony proves that instead of a loss there was an absolute gain of physical strength. Few statistics seem to be available which could serve as a table for comparison with our numbers. The question of the physical condition of both men and women has heretofore been more a matter of conjecture than research. Statistical tables. 10 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. have shown a diminution iii the death rates and an increase in the number of years allotted to human life, but there is no record of the average health. Dr. Mary Putnam Jacobi, while obtaining data for her essay on “The Question of Rest for Women,” obtained responses from 246 women on the question of general health. Her researches were not confined to women of any especial class or condition of life, and may be taken as fairly typical of average women. Her statistics give 56-]- per cent as in good health, while our reading of a similar investigation is 78 per cent, a gain of 22 per cent upon the health of average women by the Alumnae. It can be but another strong evidence of the healthful tenden- cies of mental work. The statistics prepared last year by the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor made some general statement as to the health of the working girls of Boston. From 1,032 girls who made answer to the official inquiries 92.2 per cent were in good health at the time of commencing work and 76.2 per cent were in good health at the time the investigation was made, so that for this class of women there has been a loss of 1.6 per cent. The records of the Alumnae show that 78.16 per cent were in good health at entering col- lege and 77.87 per cent were in good health at the time of the investigation, the loss in this case being 0.29 per cent. Deteri- oration’in health during the college course is shown by 19.58 per cent of the whole number and improvement in health by 21.13 per cent. An examination of the health record of the largest woman’s college (Wellesley) for the present year shows that but .02 per cent have been compelled to leave on account of ill-health. Perhaps it is but fair to add that in the opinion of those in charge of the institution the larger part of this small fraction owed their loss of health to indiscreet zeal in preparing for college. When the circulars containing the questions relative to the health of the Alumnae were first issued, it was felt there was some danger lest the value of the statistics obtained might be questioned on the ground that the esprit de corps existing among the Alumnae and their general loyalty to their Alma Mater might prevent those whose experience was unfavorable to the development of their physical well-being from sending in a statement. The history of the progress of compiling the COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 11 statistics gives abundant proof that such suspicions should bear no weight. Six months after the issue of 1,300 circulars, but 455 had been returned. Tabulation was begun on this number and the percentage averaging good health bore about the same proportion to the total number then received as it does now that 705, or 250 more returns, have been gained. We may accept this, as well as the fact that the percentage of returns was above the average gathered by similar statistical methods, as demonstrations of the desire of college women to resolutely face the truth. Such noticeable conscientiousness of purpose should give credit to the general truthfulness of the answers obtained, while the average intellectual superiority of the women to whom the questions were addressed gives their testimony still further value. Though the results prove that in the general average a larger number improved than deteriorated in health during college life, it is interesting to trace in what special lines the loss of strength was manifested for those graduates who report disorders as occurring at some period of their lives. As would naturally be supposed the numbers indicate chiefly loss of nervous power. Of the 417 reporting disorders, 137 complain of weakness of the nervous system, 112 of trouble with the generative organs, 98 of stomach difficulties, while neuralgia, lung diseases and rheumatism have respectively 62, 68 and 56 victims. A number of the cases indicate such a general break-down of the system and are so complicated that it is necessary to bring them under the head of more than one of the above-mentioned diseases. It is somewhat noticeable that neither against the brain nor the eyes appear large numbers on the list, there being but 30 cases of brain trouble and 12 of eye weakness. The overtax of mental strength, if such be the cause of deteri- orated health, takes its impost by indirect rather than direct methods, leaving those two more obvious servants of intellec- tual labor, the eyes and the brain, with unimpaired force. The conditions of life are so diverse, and the possible causes for deteriorated health so numerous, it seemed just to request that in so far as possible the causes for these disorders should be returned by the sufferer. In compliance with this suggestion we find that, for the 241 who gave causes, 135 claim a constitu- 12 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. tional tendency to such troubles, 73 trace their weakness to emotional strain, 47 to a physical accident, 81 to intellectual overwork, and 81 to bad sanitary conditions. One hundred and forty-one made no attempt to classify the cause of their disorder. We find by a consideration of the seventh division of the schedule, relating to remarks and suggestions, that only 18 make direct assertion that the especial strain of a college life must be held accountable for their loss of strength. The total number, out of 705, admitting they studied beyond the bounds of discretion, is 11 per cent. The personal confessions of many of these victims reduces even more the responsibility of the col- lege life. Confessions admitting a wilful breaking of college regulations as regards study hours, and a foolish disregard of known laws of hygiene, accompany a number of the statements. Out of the 705 but 2 claim to believe that the higher education of women is based upon a misunderstanding of her physical pow- ers. This statement of opinion, though not bearing the weight of statistical figures, is possibly of as much force, for it shows that the combined personal impression of so large a number of women whose opportunities for forming a correct opinion have been- abundant, discredits the belief in the lack of women’s physical powers to cope with the mental requirements of a col- lege life. In view of the small number who claim ill conse- O quences as a resultant of mental work it is interesting to follow up this investigation with the facts elicited in response to the question: when in college did you study severely, moderately, or but little? Of the 255 who were in excellent health during their college life 184, or 72 per cent, respond moderately, while 56, or 22 per cent only, admit severe study. Of the 273 in good health at that period 160, or 59 per cent, answered moderately, and 83, or 30 per cent, severely, a gain of 8 per cent in severe study upon those in excellent health. The report of those who were in indifferent health nearly corresponds with that of those in good health, 58 per cent studying severely and 32 per cent moderately. But the ratio alters for those in poor health, 42 per cent claiming to have studied and 50 per cent severely, 2, or 8 per cent, from moderately to severely, which was also the case with some 62 others not mentioned under the above percentages. The fact that but 4 admitted they studied COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 13 but little may be taken as evidence that the students at large appreciated their opportunities. From the results of these comparisons of the degree of study with the degree of health, one might draw either of two deductions. It may be that the chances for poor health are in direct ratio to severity of mental application, or one might perhaps as justly claim that these figures merely indicate that with abundant physical strength the mental tax to acquire certain prescribed studies is comparatively slight, and in futherance of this belief urge that more attention be given to the physical training of women students. More sig- nificant are the answers obtained to the question of worriment. The tendency of our countrywomen to take life hardly, which is, as we have before stated, a special characteristic of college wometa who have in so great measure inherited puritanic traits of mind, shows itself in the statistics of worriment. Even of those in excellent health but 58 -f- per cent were free from all worry, either over studies or personal affairs, while as we descend in the scale of physical health we find the increase of worry keeps a proportionate ratio with decrease of strength. Of those in good health but 42 -j- per cent being free, in indifferent health but 21 -f- per cent, while in poor health but 17 per cent resist all sources of worriment. The total percentage of the 705 women who escaped worriment is 44.4 per cent. When we realize that the tendency to make life a hardship springs in great measure from a lack of power to rightly appreciate the values of life, and that this lack depends largely on limited mental vision, it must be admitted that though these figures as to worriment give cause for grave apprehensions yet the broader culture resulting from a college education carries with it the only specific for this evil. Under the head of “ Conditions of Childhood” were printed on the circular eleven questions, which it was hoped would help to cast light upon the antecedent life of the college students. The comparison of the conditions under which the life of childhood was passed with the degree of present health en- joyed gives most interesting results and valuable hints as to the best hygienic conditions for the development from child- hood to girlhood. Contrary to preconceived ideas we find that those girls who came to college from homes in the country did 14 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. not average so high in health as those whose previous life had been passed wholly in the city. While 81 -f- per cent are in excellent and good health who came from city homes, but 77 -f- per cent are in equal health whose home-life had been spent in the country. Another fact needs notice ; viz., that 411 out of the 705 Alumnae reported themselves as having been brought up in the country, while but 165 entered college from the cities ; 124 having passed their lives in both city and country, and 5 making no report. The proportions stand 58.3 per cent stu- dents from the country against 23.4 per cent from the city. It is interesting as indicative of the early mental application of the Alumnae to note the fact that the average age of first beginning study is placed as low as 5| years. One hundred and seventy of the papers even give a younger age as the commence- ment point of intellectual work. It has been repeatedly as- serted that as a rule girls enter upon college work at a younger age than boys. The average age of the 705 cases whom we are able to quote shows such an assertion does not well bear out the facts. The average age of entrance given is 18.35 years. Statistics as to the age of young men upon entering college would certainly not give an older average. The in- vestigation shows that the age at which prudence would pre- scribe an entrance upon college work for a young woman depends upon the physical maturity reached rather than upon the actual number of years attained. One student may count her actual years by but 15 and yet have reached as mature a physical and mental development as another at nineteen. The stringent rules drawn in accordance with hygienic prin- ciples that govern the daily conduct of most of our women’s colleges made it impossible for any large number of women to transgress against the ordinary regulations of a systematic life. The number who were irregular as to eating and sleeping are too few to render their experience of value. The large major- ity regularly observed the hours for sleeping arid eating. Six hundred and thirty-seven report punctual attendance upon meals and 578 out of 705 give a creditable sleeping record. Only a few of the students were so situated as to be able to enter into society other than the companionship of their fellow-students, so there are no suggestive hints available as to the good or COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 15 pernicious results of combining social excitement with mental application. The publication of a full catalogue of the graduates of Vas- sal’ College two years ago led some interested seekers for social facts to notice what a relatively small number of Vassar Alum nee had married. He published his discovery in the daily press, and that organ of public expression set itself to the task of solving the riddle. The question is one that deserves serious consideration not only from the physiological but the moral standpoint. Are the causes producing this social phase per- manent or temporary? Does the disinclination for matrimonial alliance lie exclusively with one sex? Upon the correct an- swers to these questions lie in great measure the popularity which colleges for women will enjoy in the future. If it is shown that their permanent tendency is towards celibacy their influence will not extend beyond the small circle of women who resolve early in life to follow professional pursuits. The average age of the Alumnae who responded to our circulars was 281 years ; of that number but 27.8 per cent are married. That proportion is probably smaller than the actual proportion existing between married and unmarried Alumnae, as it was more difficult to obtain the correct addresses of those who had changed both their name and residence since leaving college, so that many of the circulars issued failed to reach the mar- ried graduates ; but even allowing for a gain in percentage as the correct estimate, the fact will undoubtedly still remain that college Avomen are not as prone to enter upon married life as the average of women. Statistics as to conjugal conditions have not been either widely gathered or minutely detailed. From an English report of 1875 on the married condition of females between the ages of 15 and 45 years is gathered the fact that out of a thousand women 496 were married, near one- half. In the State of Massachusetts the census report for 1875 shows that out of a population of 1,155,652 inhabitants over 15 years of age, 64 -f- per cent have been married. These figures, though not based upon similar conditions with our OA\Tn, are yet of value as giving an approximate indication of the prevalence of marriage. The custom of late marriages which is gaining among our higher social classes will probably 16 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. increase the number of marriages among the same 705 gradu- ates at 60 years to 50 -f- per cent, if the indications of the percentages among the older graduates can serve as criterions. Several explanations may be given to account for the slow- ness of the Alumnae to adopt a married life. There may pos- sibly exist cogent reasons why men fail to prefer college women for their wives. Certain clerical authors have threatened the intellectual woman with the revenge of men if she did not for- sake the immoral path of knowledge, and hinted they would not look to her for companionship and comfort. Undoubtedly there exists in the minds of many men a disinclination to marry a woman who may equal if not exceed them in mental power. But there is more reason to believe that the small number of marriages occurring among the Alumnge is due to their own sentiments. The average woman student graduates from col- lege at between 22 and 23 years of age. With the constant exer- cise her reflective powers have received she is not then apt to fall a victim to sudden impulse, and her actions are liable to be submitted to the test of much cool reflection. She feels con- scious she has powers at her disposal which will enable her to secure her own livelihood if such an emergency presents itself, and the intellectual resources at her command save her from the grasp of the ennui which preys upon the lives of unmarried society women. With the definite conviction that her life may be passed usefully and happily without a husband she will naturally hesitate to alter her independent state unless she is sure of sympathetic companionship or believes she can best attain the purpose of her being by assuming family cares. The social odium which formerly attached itself to spinsterhood as indicative of frustrated hopes and failure no longer exerts so powerful an influence to drive women into matrimony, since it is already recognized that many women retain the single state from preference, as offering them a field for usefulness and happiness if not as intense at least as wide as that of married life. If one could subtract from the total number of marriages those that are contracted simply as a means of livelihood, or under the belief that conventionality requires such a step, the percentage which would remain and which could be counted as the number who married for congenial companionship, would probably not COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 17 average much higher than that which represents the matri- monial statistics of college women. The exceptional scarcity of divorce among married college women proves that the costs of matrimony were fully counted before the responsibility was assumed. Recognizing the fact that late marriages are becom- ing an indispensable feature of our modern life, and that the notion that a broader mental culture detracts from the beauty of womanliness is a dying prejudice, there is no reason to believe that college women will permanently retain their low percentage of marriage. The fears so often expressed for the welfare of the children of the “ future mothers of America,” will be somewhat allayed by the report given of the family conditions of 130 Alumnre who have had children. The exceptional record of good health among these children and their low death rate are strong evi- dences that the powers of motherhood have not suffered from college work. On an average there have been 2 children born to a family while about one death has occurred out of every ten births. One of the last queries on the circulars was with regard to the occupations of the Alumnae since graduation. It is not surprising to find a large number reporting themselves as teachers, as that profession especially offers inducements to college women. The total number given as teaching is 354, 224 of which number combine some other occupation with their instruction; 149 are employed in professional work, 294 attend to household affairs, while 270 of the number find time for some other occupation ; 356 continue some form of intellectual culture, 105 devote time to philanthropic objects, 8 only record themselves as simply butterflies of society, while 68 cannot well classify their employment under the heads we suggested. We can well close our list of statistical statements with one that reflects so much credit on a college education, and which proves how great is the pressure it brings to bear to ren- der woman something better than the useless drones of society. Our investigations, presenting as they do the physical history of about one-half the college Alumme in this country, should furnish a basis for renewed physical investigation into the powers of womanhood and a better appreciation of her possible 18 REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE. achievements. We have every reason to congratulate ourselves that our willingness to search for the truth and to bear the responsibility of its verdict, has led to so encouraging and sat- isfactory a revelation. We can feel confident that a higher education for women is in harmony with that vast law of the survival of the fittest which guides the activities of the dim future. HEALTH STATISTICS OF FEMALE COLLEGE GRADUATES. [From the Sixteenth Annual Report of the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor.] By CARROLL D. WRIGHT, CHIEF OF THE BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF LABOR. The statistics given in this Part, while not completely within the province of the law creating this bureau, are nevertheless of great value to the Commonwealth. In one sense of the word they are germane to the provisions of the law because they relate to the educational interests of the people, compre- hending: those who labor as well as those who are born to leisure. We are thoroughly justified in presenting them, how- ever, not only on account of their intrinsic value, but, inci- dentally, because they have been furnished the Commonwealth without expense to its treasury. The question of the higher education of women is so impor- tant in all its features that we have not hesitated to accept the generous offer of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae to present in this report the results of the labors of the Com- mittee on Health Statistics of the Association. The Medical News has said, “If the future mothers of our country are being ruined physically by our methods of educa- tion, who would wish with such downright earnestness of pur- pose to remedy the impending evil as our educated women themselves? If a false cry is being raised which will hamper the just and wholesome intellectual development of women, who are more interested in showing it than the graduates of our women’s Colleges? Truth, broad truth, is what we should seek. Individual experience is apt to be erroneous; only large numbers eliminate errors.” The Association of Collegiate Alumnse has recognized the force of this statement and has taken great pains to obtain data 20 STATISTICS OF LABOR. regarding the health of the alumnae of our country, and for this purpose a committee on health statistics, a few years ago, was selected. This committee was constituted as follows : — Miss Annie G. Howes, Chairman . Vassar College. Miss Lucy C. Andrews . . . Universit}’ of Michigan. Miss S. Alice Brown . . . Smith College. Miss Eva Clianning . . . Boston University. Miss Florence Finch . . . University of Kansas. Miss Martha E. Foote . . . Syracuse University. Miss Alice Haj’es .... Vassar College. Miss Edith Metcalf .... Wellesley College. Miss Anna E. Morgan . . . Oberlin College. Mrs. Evelyn W. Ordway . . Mass. Institute of Technology. Miss Grace W. Soper . . . Cornell University. Mrs. Gertrude H. Stewart . . University of Wisconsin. Miss Angie V. Warren . . . Wesleyan University. The committee desired not only to collect data sufficient to serve the purposes of argument, but as a guide to the better comprehension of woman’s physical ability. To this end a schedule of questions entering largely into detail was prepared and sent to each alumna, who was urged, in view of the im- portance of the information to be gained, to feel a personal responsibility in the matter. This schedule consisted of seven divisions. The first related to the Conditions of Childhood, comprehending date of birth, nationality of parents, surroundings in childhood, amount of exercise received between the ages of 8 and 14, the age at which study began, the age at entering college, and the age at graduation. The second section related to Individual Health, and comprehended physical condition, the character and dura- tion of disorders, and other important matters. The third division related to Famihj Health, that is, the health of the father and mother, and other members of the family, of the alumna. The fourth division related to College Conditions; the fifth division to Conditions since Graduation; the sixth division to answers in the case of the Death of an Alumna, and the seventh division to Remarks, in which individual opinions and answers to questions not covered by the schedule could be expressed, and suggestions made which might tend to raise the physical standard of the students of the alma mater of each alumna. This schedule was sent to all graduates of colleges or univer- COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 21 sities of the United States open to women. These colleges are comprehended in the following list. Name of College. Sex distinction. Date of Organiza- tion. Total Number of Female Graduates to 1S82 inclusive. Number of Returns received. Percent- age of Returns received. Boston University, .... Co-educational. 1873 47 29 61.70 Cornell University, ... Co-educational. 1868 80 36 45.00 Kansas, University of Co-educational. 1866 36 20 55 56 Mass. Institute of Technology, Co-educational. 1865 5 3 60.00 Michigan, University of . Co-educational. 1841 87 46 52 87 Oberlin College, Go-educational. 1833 104 39 37.50 Smith College, Females only. 1875 90 43 47.78 Syracuse University, Co-educational. 1871 65 17 26.15 Vasear College, Females only. 1865 540 344 63.70 Wellesley College, .... Females only. 1875 110 71 64.55 Wesleyan University, Co-educational. 1831 15 6 40.00 Wisconsin, University of. Co-educational. 1849 111 51 45.95 All Colleges, .... - 1290 705 54.65 It will be seen from the foregoing table that the total num- ber of female graduates of all the colleges and universities named, including those of 1882, was 1290, and that 705 of these, or 54.65 per cent, made returns to the committee pre- viously mentioned, and it is from these returns that we have made the tabulations comprising this Part. The tables following tell their own story as a rule, and they are so clear and so compact that they are presented, without particular comment, in the following order of divisions referred to previously in detail: — Conditions of childhood ; college conditions ; conditions since graduation, in which is included the number of graduates who have died, and individual health. The facts concerning family health are not treated in detail, but are used only for purposes of comparison. These tables will be followed by comparison tables, showing the effects of certain conditions of childhood, conditions during college life, and other matters of interest, so far as the health at various periods oftheirHves is concerned, and at the close a brief review of the salient points of all the tables will be given. CONDITIONS OF CHILDHOOD. The conditions of childhood are comprised in the following seven tables, which give the parent nativity; the number who spent their life during childhood in the city or country ; the number of hours of out-door exercise taken between the ages 22 STATISTICS OF LABOR. of eight and fourteen years ; the age at beginning study, and the number who attended boarding school before entering col- lege ; the age at entering college ; the age at graduating from college, and the present age of graduates. Parent Nativity. Both parents native. Both parents foreign. Foi eign Foreign Colleges. father, native mother. mother, native father. Not given. Aggre- gates. Boston, 24 3 1 1 29 Cornell, 27 7 1 - 1 36 Kansas, 14 3 2 1 - 20 Mass. I. T. 2 - - 1 - 3 Michigan, 37 5 1 3 - 46 Oberlin, 35 3 _ 1 - 39 Smith, . 41 1 - 1 - 43 Syracuse, Vassal-, Wellesley, 13 1 2 1 - 17 297 27 10 9 1 344 61 4 3 1 2 71 Wesleyan, 5 1 - - - 6 Wisconsin, 31 14 5 1 - 51 All Colleges, • 587 69 25 20 4 705 Childhood spent in City or Country. Colleges. Between 3 and 8 tears of age. Aggre- gates. Between 8 and 14 tears of age. City. Country. City and Country. Not given. City. Country. City and Country. Not given. Boston, . 14 13 2 29 16 11 2 Cornell, . 9 26 - 1 36 10 24 1 1 Kansas, . 10 10 - - 20 9 11 - - Mass. I. T., 1 1 1 - 3 2 1 - - Michigan, 17 26 2 1 46 18 25 2 1 Oberlin, . 3 35 1 — 39 4 34 1 - Smith, 13 24 6 - 43 12 27 4 - Syracuse, 3 14 - _ 17 7 8 2 - Vassal-, . 106 215 20 3 344 110 213 18 3 Wellesley, 16 53 2 - 71 16 52 3 - Wesleyan, 2 4 - - 6 3 3 - - Wisconsin, 7 44 - - 51 8 43 - - All Colleges, . 201 465 34 5 705 215 452 33 5 Childhood silent in City or Country, Summary. Colleges. City alone. Country alone. City and Country both. Not given. Aggre- gates. Boston, 14 10 6 29 Cornell, 7 22 6 1 36 Kansas 7 8 5 _ 20 Mass. I. T i 1 1 _ 3 Michigan, .... 15 23 7 1 46 Oberlin, 3 33 3 _ 39 Bmith, 9 23 11 - 43 Syracuse, .... 2 8 7 - 17 Vassar, ..... Wellesley, .... 88 191 62 3 344 13 49 9 - 71 Wesleyan 2 3 1 _ 6 Wisconsin, .... 4 40 7 - 51 All Colleges, 165 411 124 5 705 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 23 Hours. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. Mass. I. T. Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. Vassar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. Wisconsin. All Colleges. One hour, 2 2 2 16 6 28 Two hours, . 4 3 3 1 7 7 10 3 60 15 1 8 122 Three hours,. 8 10 7 - 6 10 15 4 74 20 2 14 170 Four hours, . 4 6 3 2 5 5 4 2 46 9 - 6 92 Five hours, . 2 2 1 _ 3 1 _ 2 7 1 1 3 23 Six hours, _ 3 4 - 3 2 1 1 14 2 _ 5 35 Seven hours, . - _ _ - 1 _ _ 1 _ - 2 Eight hours, . _ - - - 1 - 1 - 4 - - 1 7 Nine hours, . - _ - - 2 4 _ _ 8 _ - 1 15 Ten hours, 1 1 1 - 4 4 2 - 30 3 - 4 50 Not given, 8 11 1 - 12 6 8 5 84 15 2 9 161 Totals, . 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 Out-door Exercise, between Eight and Fourteen Tears of Age. Age at Beginning Study, etc. Classification. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. Mass. I. T. G cj fcf 2 v £ Oberiin. Smith. Syracuse. Vassar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. Wisconsin. 3 J o o o Age at Beginning Study. Two years, (at home) - 2 - - i 1 - - 3 - - - 7 Three years, (at home) i 2 2 - 3 3 - - 8 5 - 2 26 (in a school) . ■ - 1 - - - 3 - - 1 1 2 2 10 Four years, (at home) 6 4 1 - 9 5 4 3 24 7 1 8 72 (in a school) . 4 - 2 - 2 6 7 - 25 7 - 2 55 Five years, (at home).... 1 6 4 i 11 2 9 1 39 8 1 9 92 (in a school) 8 6 4 - 3 5 7 2 51 11 1 2 100 Six years, (at home) . 1 1 3 - 1 1 2 3 30 2 - 3 47 (in a school) 4 4 2 i 5 7 4 3 43 12 - 11 96 Seven years, (at home) - 1 - i - 2 2 2 15 2 - 1 26 (in a school) . 1 7 - - 6 1 2 2 40 9 1 8 77 Eight years, (at home) - i 1 - 2 - - - 9 - - - 13 (in a school) . - i - - 1 2 3 - 29 2 - 1 39 Nine years, (at home) - - - - - 1 - - 2 - - 1 4 (in a school) . - - 1 - - - - - 5 2 - 1 9 Ten years, (at home) . . . * - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - 2 (in a school) 1 3 1 - - 5 Eleven years, (in a school) <- - - - - - - - 2 - - - 2 Twelve years, (in a school) 1 2 1 - - 4 Thirteen years, (in a school) - 1 Fifteen years, (in a school) - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - 2 Not given, 1 - - - 1 - 1 1 11 1 - - 16 Totals, 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 Recapitulation. Number beginning study at home, . 9 17 11 2 27 15 18 9 131 24 2 24 289 Number beginning study in a school, 19 19 9 1 18 24 24 7 202 46 4 27 400 Not given 1 - - 1 - 1 1 11 1 16 Totals, 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 Boarding School. Attended boarding school before en- tering college 5 11 1 10 11 7 5 79 14 3 2 148 24 STATISTICS OF LABOR, G 6 £ G G 09 H G O Ages. c o O G s Sc G £ 3 O jS lo £ G O o O O C3 w C3 O £ o 6 GG G0 {§ > i£ jjjt o Fourteen years, . 1 1 1 2 5 Fifteen years, _ - 6 - - 1 _ - 25 1 - 2 35 Sixteen years, 1 i 4 - 3 6 2 - 58 5 _ 8 88 Seventeen years, . 7 2 5 - 3 2 7 3 88 24 - 11 152 Eighteen years, 7 13 1 - 14 10 8 4 73 10 2 12 154 Nineteen years, . 4 6 1 2 9 2 8 2 48 15 1 6 104 Twenty years, 2 4 1 - 6 2 10 4 20 10 1 5 65 Twenty-one years, 2 5 - - 5 5 3 - 15 4 - 1 40 Twenty-two years. 2 2 - - 2 6 3 1 5 - 1 2 24 Twenty-three years, - 1 - - 1 - - 2 3 1 1 - 9 Twenty-four years, - - - - 3 - 1 - 1 - - 1 6 Twenty-five years, 1 - - 1 - 2 1 1 - - - 1 7 Twenty-six years, - - - - - - - - 2 - - - 2 Twenty-seven years, 1 1 - - 2 Twenty-eight years, 1 - - - - 1 - - 2 - - - 4 Thirty years, - 1 1 Thirty-three years, 1 1 Thirty-six years, . - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Not given, 1 1 1 - - - - - 2 - - - 5 Totals, . 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 Age at Entering College. Age at Graduating from College. Ages. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. Mass. I. T. Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. Vassar. Wellesley. c £ Wisconsin. ALL Colleges. Seventeen years, . 1 i Eighteen years, . - - - - - 1 - - 2 - - - 3 Nineteen years, - - - - _ 1 - - 12 1 2 16 Twenty years, 4 2 4 - 4 4 5 _ 49 6 8 86 Twenty-one years, 2 2 4 1 6 1 6 3 79 19 _ 17 140 Twenty-two years, 8 15 6 - 10 10 9 5 96 18 i 9 187 Twenty-three years, 6 5 5 1 9 5 10 2 55 14 2 9 123 Twenty-four years, 2 6 1 - 6 2 6 2 28 8 1 1 63 Twenty-five years, 2 1 • - - 3 5 3 2 7 3 1 2 29 Twenty-six years, 1 3 - - 1 3 2 - 4 1 - 1 16 Twenty-seven years, - - - 3 - - 2 3 - 1 - 9 Twenty-eight years, - - - 1 2 1 1 1 2 - - - 8 Twenty-nine years, 1 - - - - 4 - - 1 - - 1 7 Thirty years, 1 - - - 1 - - - 1 1 - - 4 Thirty-one years, . - - - - _ - - - 1 _ • - 1 Thirty-two years, - - - - - 1 - - 1 _ - _ 2 Thirty-four years, - 1 1 Thirty-five years, . 1 1 Forty years, . - - - - - 1 _ _ _ - - - 1 Not given, 1 1 - - 1 - 1 - 3 - - - Totals, . 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 61 705 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 25 Present Age. Ages. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. 'Mass. I. T. Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. Vassar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. Wisconsin. All Colleges. Twenty years, 2 1 _ _ 3 Twenty-one years, 1 - - - - - 1 - 6 ~ - 3 11 Twenty-two years, 3 - 1 - - - 3 1 9 7 - - 24 Twenty-three years, 2 4 4 1 1 - 8 1 15 5 - 10 51 Twenty-four years, 2 4 1 1 3 3 4 1 20 23 - 4 66 Twenty-five years, 5 7 3 - 1 1 10 4 26 11 2 70 Twenty-six years, 3 5 3 - 7 2 8 2 35 9 1 8 83 Twenty-seven years, 3 5 1 - 4 2 4 - 30 9 2 3 63 Twenty-eight years, 3 3 1 - 8 ~ 3 2 27 3 - 3 53 Twenty-nine years, 1 2 1 - - 1 1 2 20 2 1 4 35 Thirty years, 2 3 4 1 6 3 1 28 3 51 Thirty-one years, . 1 1 - - 7 - - 1 30 - 1 4 45 Thirty-two years,. - - 1 - 1 1 - 1 19 - ~ 2 25 Thirty-three years, - - - - 5 2 - - 28 1 1 37 Thirty-four years, 2 - - - 2 2 - - 14 - 1 “ 21 Thirty-five years, . - - - - - - - - 10 - 10 Thirty-six years, . - - - - - - - - 10 10 Thirty-seven years, - - - - - 1 ~ 4 3 8 Thirty-eight years, 1 - - - 1 1 - 1 2 “ - 6 Thirty-nine years, - - - - - - - - 3 - 1 4 Forty years, . - - - 3 1 4 Forty-one years, . - - - - 1 3 4 Forty-two years, . - 1 - - - 1 - - ~ - ~ 2 Forty-three years, - - - - - - 1 “ T 1 Forty-four years, . - - - - - - - 1 1 Forty-five years, . - - - - - 1 - ~ 1 Forty-nine years, . - - - 2 “ 2 Fifty-one years, . - - - 2 - - - - 2 Fifty-two years, . - - - - 1 - 1 Fifty-four years, . ~ - - - 1 - - - 1 Fifty-five years, . - - - 1 - - 1 Fifty-nine years, . - - - - 1 “ 1 Sixty-two years, . - - - - 1 ~ - - - 1 Sixty-three years,. - - - - - 2 - - ~ ~ - 2 Sixty-five years, . - - - - - 1 ~ ~ - “ “ 1 Sixty-eight years, . - - - - 3 - ~ “ ~ 1 Seventy-six years, - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 Not given, - 1 - - “ 1 ” “ 2 Totals, 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 COLLEGE CONDITIONS. We present in the following table all the facts relating to college conditions, and show the number who studied but little, moderately, or severely; the number who worried over studies or personal affairs ; the kind and amount of daily physical exer- cise ; the number who were regular in their hours as regards sleeping and eating; the number who, during the menstrual period, abstained from physical or mental exercise ; the num- ber who entered society during college life, and the number who had a room-mate. 26 STATISTICS OF LABOR. College Conditions. College Conditions. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. a s Michigan. 1 Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. 1 Vassar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. | Wisconsin, j All Colleges. College Study. But little, 4 Moderate 21 22 8 2 26 22 28 ii 211 45 3 39 438 Moderate to severe, .... - 3 1 - 2 3 5 - 45 3 - 2 64 Severe, 8 11 11 1 18 14 10 6 84 23 3 10 199 Totals, 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 College Worry. 6 Studies 8 4 9 - 7 6 5 97 21 - 9 172 Personal affairs, .... 5 9 1 1 6 4 12 1 36 9 1 4 89 Both studies and affairs, . 3 8 5 1 14 4 9 5 55 13 2 12 131 Neither studies nor affairs, 13 15 5 1 19 25 17 5 156 28 3 26 313 Totals, 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 Kind of Exercise. Walking only 19 25 10 3 33 16 15 11 70 18 6 29 255 Walking and other exercise, . 3 11 7 - 7 13 23 2 2i9 48 13 346 Totals, 22 36 17 3 40 29 38 13 289 66 6 42 601 Riding only, 1 - 1 _ 1 - 1 1 i - _ 1 7 Riding and other exercise, 1 4 4 - 1 2 “ 17 3 “ 3 35 Totals 2 4 5 - 2 - 3 1 18 3 - 4 42 Gymnastics only, .... - _ - _ - 1. 1 - 33 _ _ 35 Gymnastics and other exercise, 3 1 5 19 187 15 ~ 1 231 Totals, - 3 - - 1 6 20 - 220 15 - 1 266 6 1 _ 1 i _ 2 11 Housework and other exercise, 2 2 3 - 4 9 1 1 2 - 4 28 Totals 2 2 3 - 4 15 1 1 2 3 - 6 39 Amount of Exercise. Average number of miles daily, 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.2 1.7 3 0 2 5 - - - 2.4 2.5 Average number of hours daily, . 1.7 1.5 1.4 - 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.2 College Habits. Eating. Regular hours 20 34 16 3 43 3S 38 14 313 65 6 47 637 No regular hours 9 2 4 - 3 1 5 3 31 6 - 4 68 Totals, 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 Sleeping. Regular hours 21 14 5 2 29 34 37 10 312 66 5 43 578 No regular hours 8 22 15 1 17 & 6 7 32 5 1 8 127 Totals 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 Number abstaining from Exercise during Menstrual Period. Physical, 7 10 - 1 9 4 25 3 135 35 1 9 239 Mental, _ _ - - - - - - 2 - - - 2 Physical and mental, . 1 3 1 - 3 5 4 1 38 12 2 3 73 Not given, 21 23 19 2 34 30 14 13 169 24 3 39 391 Totals 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 En tered Society during College L ife. 338 None, But little, 5 4 1 1 10 9 7 1 230 58 - 12 20 30 16 2 31 29 34 14 90 12 6 38 322 A good deal, 4 2 3 - 4 1 1 1 11 - - 1 28 Not given - - - - 1 - 1 1 13 1 - - 17 Totals 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 College Room-mate. Yes, 19 27 12 1 37 33 35 12 287 71 4 43 581 No, 10 9 8 2 9 6 8 5 57 - 2 8 124 Totals, 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 27 CONDITIONS SINCE GRADUATION. For this division we present tables showing the post-graduate occupations, and, for the number reporting time occupied, the average duration of each occupation ; the present conjugal con- dition of graduates, and the number reporting children; the present age and health of children living; the number of chil- dren who have died, and the cause of death; a summary table, showing the number of graduates who have married, the aver- age number of years married, the whole number of children, the number who are living, the number who have died, and the average present age of children living; and, finally, a table giving the number of graduates who have died, and the cause of death. Post-Oracluate Occupations. Occupations. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. Mass. I. T. Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. Vassar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. Wisconsin. All Colleges. Household. 24 Specified occupation, - 2 1 - - - - 1 17 2 1 Specified and other occupations, 9 9 14 “ 21 27 8 12 127 18 3 22 270 Totals 9 11 15 - 21 27 8 13 144 20 3 23 294 Professional. 22 37 Specified occupation, 1 5 1 - 1 1 2 - 4 Specified and other occupations, - 4 1 10 12 6 4 62 4 “ 9 112 Totals 1 9 2 - 11 13 8 4 84 8 - 9 149 Teaching. 13 130 Specified occupation, 4 8 2 2 11 2 9 1 53 24 1 Specified and other occupations, 17 11 10 1 13 22 19 5 82 20 3 21 224 Totals, 21 19 12 3 24 24 28 6 135 44 4 34 354 Intellectual. 14 Specified occupation, - 1 - - 1 - 3 - 8 - 1 Specified and other occupations, 15 9 9 ~ 17 14 13 8 116 11 2 21 235 Totals, 15 10 9 - 18 14 16 8 124 11 2 22 249 Study. Specified occupation, _ . 1 _ __ _ 2 1 4 2 _ 1 11 Specified and other occupations, 6 4 2 1 12 10 5 3 35 14 “ 4 96 Totals, 6 4 3 1 12 10 7 4 39 16 - 5 107 Philanthropy. Specified occupation, 8 — Specified and other occupations, 7 1 1 “ 1 15 2 3 60 5 2 105 Totals, 7 1 1 - 1 15 2 3 60 5 2 8 105 Social. 8 Specified occupation, - 1 - - 1 - - - 4 2 Specified and other occupations, 9 5 7 “ 12 15 4 8 110 12 3 17 202 Totals, 9 6 7 - 13 15 4 8 114 14 3 17 210 28 STATISTICS OF LABOR. House- Profes- Teach- Intel- Study. Phi lan- Social. HOLD. SIONAL. ING. LECTUAL. THROPY. g 2 g 2 s £ g £ 3 £ g £ Colleges. u 3 3 3 ® © u ij 3 3 3 3 3 s* 3 OS 3 ® 3 * «S, 3 3 S=£ © % © to'- “3 tc~ a 3 *-< t-i © s > jq B 3 £ j_ ‘a 3 a 3 S 3 © & > Jd a 3 © s a 3 © ** ► 5 < -■d fc 25 < £ < z < Boston, 5 3.1 3 2.0 15 2.7 5 3.2 2 4.0 3 3.0 3 3.8 Cornell, 5 2.8 8 2.2 13 3.0 1 3 5.0 _ _ - - 2 2.1 Kansas, 6 3.4 2 2.3 12 3.4 ; _ - 1 3.0 _ _ _ _ Mass. I. T., - - - - 1 0.8 _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ Michigan, . 10 2.7 10 3.4 24 3.6 5 4.4 8 3.5 1 9.0 1 1.0 Oberlin, 17 14.4 8 5.8 21 6.3 3 13.9 5 3.6 2 7.0 3 26.7 Smith, 4 1.6 4 1.5 23 2.1 7 1.7 4 1.6 1 2.0 1 2.0 Syracuse, . 5 4.0 3 3.8 5 3.4 1 7.0 1 2.0 2 7 0 1 7.0 Vassar, 54 4.8 62 4.4 113 4.3 | 38 4.2 14 2.8 13 3.8 27 3.6 Wellesley, . 5 1.5 6 2.0 39 2.0 2 1.3 6 1.9 2 2.0 2 1.5 Wesleyan, . 2 7.0 - - 3 2.3 - - - - - - i 7.0 Wisconsin, 16 3.0 10 2 5 31 3.3 7 2.0 2 5.1 1 1.0 7 2.9 All Colleges, . 129 5.2 116 3.8 300 3.6 71 4.1 43 2.9 25 4.1 48 4.8 Post-Graduate Occupations, Averages. Classification. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. Mass. I. T. Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. Vassar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. Wisconsin. All [ Colleges. Conjugal Condition. Married 6 10 8 1 17 24 2 7 96 6 2 17 196 Single 23 26 12 2 29 15 41 10 248 65 4 34 509 Totals, .... 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 Children Born and Living. One child, living 1 - 2 - 4 4 1 4 27 2 1 5 51 One child, dead 1 1 - - - 1 _ 4 _ _ _ 7 Two children, both living 1 - 2 - 1 5 - - 17 - - 2 28 Two children, one living . - 1 - - 2 - - - 2 - - 1 6 Two children, both dead . 1 1 Three children, all living 1 - - - 1 4 - 1 8 _ _ 1 16 Three children, two living - 1 - - - - - - 2 _ 1 _ 4 Three children, one living - - - - - 1 - - - - - _ 1 Four children, all living . - - 1 - - 3 - - - _ _ 2 6 Four children, three living 4 4 Five children, all living . 1 Five children, four living 2 2 Five children, two living . 1 1 Six children, all living 1 1 Six children, live living . 1 1 No children, .... 2 7 3 1 9 3 1 2 29 4 - 5 66 Totals, .... 6 10 8 1 17 24 2 7 96 6 2 17 196 Conjugal Condition, and Number reporting Children. COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 29 Present Age and Health of Children Living. Ages and Health. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. Mass. I. T. Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. Vassar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. Wisconsin. All Colleges. Ages. Under one year, . 2 - - - - 1 - - 7 - - 1 11 One year, 1 1 3 - 3 1 - 4 18 2 - 4 37 Two years, . 1 - 2 - 2 - 1 1 16 - 1 3 27 Three years, . 2 1 1 - 3 3 - 2 10 - 1 3 26 Four years, . - - 1 - 2 2 - - 14 - 1 2 22 Five years, . - - 1 - - 3 - - 8 - - 2 14 Six years, - - 1 - 1 3 - - 10 - - 2 17 Seven years, . - - 1 - - 2 - - 9 - - 1 13 Eight years, . - - - - - 2 - - 6 - - 2 10 Nine years, . - - - - - 2 - - 8 - - - 10 Ten years, - - - - - 2 - - 2 - - 1 5 Eleven years, - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1 Twelve years, — - - - - 5 - - - - - - 5 Thirteen years, - - - - 1 - - 1 - - - 2 Fourteen years, . - - - - - 3 - - 1 — - - 4 Sixteen years, - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Seventeen years, . - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Eighteen years, - - - - - 3 - - - - - - 3 Nineteen years, - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Twenty years, - - 1 - - “ 1 Twenty-one years, - - - 1 - - - - - 1 Twenty-two years, - - - - - 1 - - - - - ~ 1 Twenty-four years, - - - - - 2 - - - - - - 2 Twenty-six years, - - - - - 4 - - - - - - 4 Twenty-nine years, - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Thirty years, - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Thirty-two years, . - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Thirty-four years, - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 Not given, - 1 - - - 4 - - 4 - *- - 9 Totals, . 6 3 10 - 11 53 1 7 115 2 3 21 232 Health. Good health, . 6 3 10 - 10 41 1 7 110 2 3 15 208 Poor health, . - _ -• - 1 9 - - - - - 5 15 Not given, - - “ “ 3 - “ 5 “ 1 9 Totals, . 6 3 10 “ 11 53 1 7 115 2 3 21 232 Number of Children who have Died, and Cause of Death. Cause of Death. Number. Cause of Death. Number. Cholera infantum, .... 3 Physical accident, .... 1 Constitutional weakness, . 2 Pneumonia, 3 Consumption, 2 Premature birth 3 Convulsions, 1 Southern fever, .... 1 Diphtheria, 2 Still-born, . . . . 4 Diphtheritic croup, .... 1 Strangulation at birth, 1 Heart disease, 1 Teething 1 Inflammation of bowels, . 1 Not given 1 Inflammation of lungs, 1 Intestinal catarih, .... 1 Total, 31 Over-exertion, 1 30 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Conjugal Condition, and Number of Children. Summary. Colleges. Married. Number reporting CHILDREN. Children living and dead. Average present age of chil- dren living. Num- ber. Average number of years married. Chil- dren. No chil- dren. Totals. Num- ber living. Num- ber dead. Whole num- ber. Boston, . 6 6.0 4 2 6 6 1 7 1.5 Cornell, . 10 2.5 3 7 10 3 3 6 2.0 Kansas, . 8 2.9 5 3 8 10 - 10 3.2 Mass. I. T., . 1 1.0 - 1 1 - - - - Michigan, 17 4.0 8 9 17 11 2 13 2 7 Oberlin, . 24 24.4 21 3 24 53 5 58 13.9 Smith, . 2 1.0 1 1 2 1 - 1 2.0 Syracuse, 7 3.0 5 2 7 7 - 7 1.7 Vassar, . 96 4.8 67 29 96 115 16 131 4.3 Wellesley, 6 1.4 2 4 6 2 - 2 1.0 Wesleyan, 2 7.0 2 - 2 3 1 4 3.0 Wisconsin, . 17 4.6 12 5 17 21 3 24 3.9 All Colleges, 196 6.7 130 66 196 232 31 263 6.0 Cause of Death. Michigan. Oberlin. Syracuse. Vassar. Wis- consin. All Colleges. Confinement 1 1 _ _ 2 Consumption - - - 2 - 2 Diphtheria, - 1 - - 2 3 Physical accident, - - 1 1 Totals 1 1 1 3 2 8 Number of Graduates who have Died, and Cause of Death. INDIVIDUAL HEALTH. The tables showing individual health are eight in number. They relate to physical condition ; nervousness ; the age at beginning of the menstrual period ; the conditions attending the menstrual periods; the number of graduates reporting dis- orders ; the number of disorders; the number reporting each disorder,-and the causes of disorders. Physical Condition. Colleges and Age Periods. State of Health. Aggre- gates. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indif- ferent. Poor. Boston. From 3 to 8 years of age, . 12 9 - 6 2 l From 8 to 14 years of age, 15 9 1 3 1 At time of entering college, 17 8 - 4 ~ y 29 During college life, . 16 7 - 3 3 Since graduation, 16 8 1 2 2 J Cornell. From 3 to 8 years of age, . 20 8 1 2 5 1 From 8 to 14 years of age, 17 9 1 6 3 At time of entering college, 17 13 2 4 - i f 36 During college life, . 16 12 4 2 2 Since graduation, . . 15 13 2 3 3 J COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 31 Physical Condition — Concluded. Colleges and Age Peeiods. State of Health. Aggre- Excellent. Good. Fair. Indif- ferent. Poor. GATES. Kansas. From 3 to 8 years of age, . 7 10 - 2 1 From 8 to 14 years of age, 6 8 - 5 1 At time of entering college, 5 10 1 4 - y 20 During college life, . 2 12 1 5 - 1 Since graduation, 6 8 - 5 1 J Mass. I. T. From 3 to 8 years of age, . 1 1 - 1 - 1 From 8 to 14 years of age, 1 1 - 1 - At time of entering college, 2 1 - - - > 3 During college life, . 1 2 - - - Since graduation, 1 2 “ - J Michigan. From 3 to 8 years of age, . 17 14 2 6 7 1 From 8 to 14 years of age, 18 14 2 7 5 At time of entering college, 15 19 I 7 4 J- 46 During college life, . 20 17 2 5 2 Since graduation, 20 15 5 6 J Oberlin. From 3 to 8 years of age, . 17 15 2 3 2 'l From 8 to 14 years of age, 18 12 1 7 1 I At time of entering college, 12 21 1 3 2 y 39 During college life, . 15 19 4 1 - Since graduation, . . , 16 16 8 3 1 J Smith. From 3 to 8 years of age, . 18 12 2 6 5 1 From 8 to 14 years of age, At time of entering college, 14 12 4 10 3 I 13 15 1 10 4 y 43 During college life, . 13 19 3 7 1 Since graduation, 20 13 2 6 2 J Syracuse. From 3 to 8 years of age, . 5 5 1 2 4 ) From 8 to 14 years of age, At time of entering college, 5 3 1 6 2 5 7 1 2 2 i- 17 During college life, . 5 6 1 3 2 J Since graduation, 4 7 3 2 1 Vassar. From 3 to 8 years of age, . 141 122 3 48 30 From 8 to 14 years of age, 129 129 9 51 26 At time of entering college, 123 141 4 54 22 y 344 During college life, . 119 130 30 54 11 Since graduation, 125 142 20 42 15 J Wellesley. From 3 to 8 years of age, . 39 23 1 4 4 1 From 8 to 14 years of age, 37 17 - ii 6 At time of entering college, 32 29 - 8 2 !> 71 During college life, . 24 26 9 9 3 Since graduation, 29 28 1 11 2 J Wesleyan. From 3 to 8 years of age, . 4 2 - - - 1 From 8 to 14 years of age, 4 1 - 1 - At time of entering college, 3 3 - - - r 6 During college life, . 3 3 - “ - Since graduation, 3 3 - “ J Wisconsin. From 3 to 8 years of age, . 24 15 1 7 4 1 From 8 to 14 years of age, 21 17 2 9 2 [ 51 At time of entering college, 18 22 3 7 1 During college life, . 21 20 1 9 ~ Since graduation, 17 22 4 6 2 J All Colleges. From 3 to 8 years of age, . 305 236 13 87 64 l From 8 to 14 years of age, 285 232 21 117 50 l 705 At time of entering college, 262 289 14 103 87 During college life, . 255 273 55 98 24 Since graduation, 272 277 36 85 35 J 32 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Nervousness. Classification. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. Mass. I. T. Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. Vassar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. Wisconsin. U3 a a o a a o Nervous before entering college, Nervous at the present time, . Nervous before entering college, and at the present time, . Not nervous at any time,. Totals, 1 2 8 18 i 3 9 23 3 2 5 10 1 2 2 2 21 21 1 7 13 18 39 4 17 22 i i 9 6 15 43 105 181 3 2 26 40 i 5 1 8 16 26 28 74 231 372 29 36 20 3 46 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 Age at Beginning of the Menstrual Period. P 3 >> P P 03 a J o Ages. P *3 09 c3 '“J SD P JZ P o c3 >> o> P o < j O p U o O P 03 w 03 *£- O § U > js o o Nine years, . _ _ _ i _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 Ten years, l 1 - - 2 Eleven years, - - - - 3 3 2 - 18 1 - 3 30 Twelve years, - 6 2 - 7 7 7 2 44 13 1 5 94 Thirteen years, 10 10 9 2 9 8 12 4 89 25 2 18 198 Fourteen years, 11 10 5 - 15 12 10 7 94 12 1 15 192 Fifteen years, 5 3 2 1 6 5 7 4 42 9 - 6 90 Sixteen years, 1 2 2 - 4 - 2 - 20 4 1 3 39 Seventeen years, - 3 - - - 2 - - 4 1 1 11 Eighteen years, - 1 - - - 1 - - 2 2 - - 6 Nineteen years, - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 Twenty years, - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 Not given, 2 1 - - 1 1 3 - 28 3 1 - 40 Totals, . 29 36 20 3 46 39 43 17 344 71 6 51 705 Conditions attending the Menstrual Periods. Classification. Irregularities, uterine and reflex pain. Irregularities and uterine pain. Irregularities and reflex pain. Uterine and 1 reflex pain. Irregularities. Uterine pain. Keflex pain. No trouble. Aggregates. Boston. During development, - 1 2 3 8 2 1 12 1 During college life, . 1 3 2 6 3 2 2 10 Since graduation, 3 2 3 6 2 3 2 8 • ** All periods, 4 2 4 7 4 3 1 4 J Cornell. During development, 4 2 1 1 9 3 7 9 During college life, . 3 4 2 3 3 6 6 9 Since graduation, 3 3 1 5 4 4 8 8 All periods, 6 5 3 2 6 5 6 3 Kansas. During development, 1 3 3 2 2 4 5 During college life, . 1 3 3 2 1 2 4 4 Since graduation, 1 2 3 2 1 3 5 3 r 20 All periods, 1 3 4 3 1 1 4 3 J COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 33 Conditions attending the Menstrrial Periods — Concluded. Classification. Irregularities, uterine and reflex pain Irregularities and uterine pain. Irregularities and reflex pain. Uterine and reflex pain. Irregularities. Uterine pain. Reflex pain. No trouble. Aggregates. Mass. I. T. During development, - 1 - - - 2 1 During college life, . - - - - - 1 1 1 l 3 Since graduation, - - - - 1 1 1 i All periods, - 1 “ 1 1 j Michigan. During development, 5 5 1 3 6 3 4 19 ) During college life, . 8 2 2 4 3 4 5 18 l 46 Since graduation, 8 2 3 4 3 2 5 19 All periods, 12 4 2 4 3 2 5 14 j Oberlin. During development, - - - 4 4 1 8 22 i During college life, . - 1 2 4 3 6 9 14 y 39 Since graduation, 2 - 3 4 2 4 8 16 All periods, 3 1 3 6 2 5 8 11 j Smith. During development, 2 3 1 3 5 2 4 23 1 During college life, . 6 5 3 7 4 3 3 12 i 43 Since graduation, 2 5 3 9 4 4 3 13 j All periods, 9 5 2 8 5 1 4 9 j Syracuse. During development, 1 1 3 2 1 1 3 5 l During college life, . 2 1 3 3 - 1 1 6 i 17 Since graduation, 2 1 3 1 - 1 1 8 All periods, 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 5 J Vassar. During development, 17 12 11 19 57 27 30 171 During college life, . 25 10 18 45 37 55 38 116 J. 344. Since graduation, 34 8 16 56 24 41 38 127 All periods, 51 16 24 49 48 40 34 82 J Wellesley. During development, 8 3 1 7 13 6 2 31 ] During college life, . 8 6 2 14 7 7 2 25 Since graduation, 9 4 1 16 2 6 6 27 f a All periods, 16 6 1 12 6 6 4 20 J Wesleyan. During development, - - - - 1 1 “ 4 During college life, . 1 - - 1 - 1 1 2 Since graduation, 1 - - 1 - 1 1 2 All periods, 1 - - 1 1 1 1 1 J Wisconsin. During development, 4 - 1 3 8 3 9 23 During college life, . 5 - 3 6 8 1 6 22 Since graduation, 4 1 5 5 7 1 7 21 All periods, 7 1 5 7 7 2 6 16 J All Colleges. During development, 41 29 24 48 114 51 72 326 During college life, . 60 35 40 95 69 89 78 239 Since graduation, 69 28 41 109 49 71 85 253 All periods, 112 45 51 102 84 67 75 160 J 34 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Number of Graduates reporting Disorders. Colleges. Disorders. No Disorders. Totals. Boston, . 16 13 29 Cornell, . 20 16 36 Kansas, . 13 7 20 Mass. I. T., 2 1 3 Michigan, 33 13 46 Oberlin, 25 14 39 Smith, . 28 15 43 Syracuse, 11 6 17 Vassar, . 206 138 344 Wellesley, 36 35 71 Wesleyan, 1 5 6 Wisconsin, 26 25 51 All Colleges, . 417 288 705 Number of Disorders. Number of Disorders. c o © fi i G H i G c3 SC 2 G £ 3 © 03 03 £ © co Si G C3 ►» G G © © cn w -3 * o o 8 © M % § .O o s X h X c3 > £ si £ o One disorder, 6 6 7 i 14 9 12 6 87 17 1 8 174 Two disorders, 5 7 4 i 6 8 7 4 71 9 - 9 131 Three disorders, 1 3 2 - 9 6 6 _ 23 6 4 60 Four disorders, 3 1 - - 2 1 1 - 13 3 - 2 26 Five disorders, - 2 - _ 2 1 1 1 8 1 - 1 17 Six disorders, - - - - - - 1 - - - _ 2 3 Seven disorders, 1 - _ _ _ - - - 3 _ _ - 4 Eight disorders, 1 1 Nine disorders, - 1 1 Totals, . 16 20 13 2 33 25 28 11 206 36 1 26 417 Disorders. Disorders. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. Mass. I. T. Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. Vnssar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. Wisconsin. All Colleges. Heart and other disorders, 2 - - & - i - 8 3 i 20 Totals - 2 - - 5 - i - 8 3 - i 20 Brain only, 1 __ i _ _ 3 2 7 Brain and other disorders, - - - - 2 i i 2 10 5 - 2 23 Totals,.... 1 - - - 2 2 i 2 13 7 - 2 30 Lungs only, 2 _ _ _ 1 _ _ 7 3 _ 1 14 Lungs and other disorders, 2 3 2 i 4 4 4 1 19 8 - 6 54 Totals 4 3 2 i 5 4 4 1 26 11 - 7 68 Stomach only, . - 1 _ - 1 1 2 1 4 1 _ 2 13 Stomach and other disorders, 6 5 - - 7 3 8 2 34 9 - 11 85 Totals 6 6 - - 8 4 10 3 38 10 - 13 98 Liver only _ _ 2 - 1 _ - 1 1 2 _ 7 Liver and other disorders, 2 4 3 - 2 6 3 1 15 2 - 5 42 Totals,.... 2 4 5 - 3 5 3 2 16 4 - 5 49 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 35 Disorders. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. Mass. I. T. Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. Vassar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. Wisconsin. All Colleges. Bowels only, 1 _ i 1 1 i _ _ _ 3 _ 1 9 Bowels and other disorders, . 3 5 i 1 6 4 1 24 7 3 55 Totals 4 5 2 2 7 5 1 - 24 10 - 4 64 Generative organs only, . _ - _ _ - 2 2 _ 22 4 1 _ 31 • Generative organs and other disor- ders, 3 7 - - 9 6 7 2 38 5 - 4 81 Totals 3 7 - - 9 8 9 2 60 9 1 4 412 Urinary organs only, _ _ _ - 2 1 _ - 1 - - - 4 Urinary organs and other disorders, - 2 - - - 3 2 13 1 1 22 Totals, - 2 - - 2 4 2 - 14 1 - 1 26 Osseous system only, 1 1 Osseous system and other disorders, - 1 - - - “ “ 5 1 “ “ 7 Totals, - 1 - - - - - - 5 1 - 1 8 Nervous system only, 1 4 3 _ 2 _ 5 2 10 - - 2 35 Nervous system and other disorders, 7 7 2 - 9 4 10 2 50 7 - 4 102 Totals, 8 11 5 - 11 4 15 4 66 7 - 6 137 Muscular system only, _ _ _ _ — _ 1 _ - _ - 1 Muscular system and other disor- ders - 2 - - 2 - 2 - 9 - - 2 17 Totals, - 2 - - 2 - 2 1 9 - - 2 18 Neuralgia only _ _ _ _ 1 _ 1 2 _ - 1 5 Neuralgia and other disorders, 5 2 2 - 5 4 4 - 28 2 5 57 Totals, 5 2 2 - 6 4 5 - 30 2 - 6 62 Rheumatism only _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ 1 _ 1 - _ 4 Rheumatism and other disorders, . 3 4 - - 4 4 2 2 27 1 - 5 52 Totals 3 4 - - 4 6 2 3 27 2 - 5 56 Abscess only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ - 1 Abscess and other disorders, . Totals 1 2 Blood and other disorders, 1 1 2 - - 1 3 Catarrh only _ _ _ _ 1 - 2 - _ 3 Catarrh and other disorders, . - - 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 5 Totals, 1 - 1 1 1 - 2 1 - 1 8 Constitutional weakness only,. 3 Constitutional weakness and other disorders 6 - - 1 7 Totals, 9 - - 1 10 Developmental only, _ 1 _ _ 1 _ _ 4 _ - _ 6 Developmental and other disorders, - 2 2 Totals - 1 - - 1 - - - 6 - - - 8 Eyes only 1 1 1 _ - 3 _ _ _ 6 Eyes and other disorders, 1 - - ~ 1 4 6 Totals 1 - 1 - 1 2 - 7 - - - 12 Disorders — Continued. 36 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Disorders — Concluded. Disorders. O 1 EH c 03 J© d JS © 3 5 u C3 jy c 03 QJ . .5 3 o CC M «S 3 O 3 u o o * § © £ .o O i QQ u >> Tj c3 > © £ © £ is o o Fevers only 1 _ . _ 2 _ _ 6 i _ _ 10 Fevers and other disorders, - 2 - - i l - 16 - - - 20 Totals 1 2 - - 2 i l - 22 i - - 30 General debility only, - _ _ - _ _ l _ 2 _ _ _ 3 General debility and other disorders, 1 1 Totals, - - - - - - l - 3 - - - 4 Malaria only _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ 3 Malaria and other disorders, . 7 7 Totals, - - - - - - - - 10 - - - 10 Measles only, . . . , Measles and other disorders, . - - - - - - l - 3 - - 2 6 Totals, - - - - - - l - 3 - - 2 6 Mumps only, . . . Mumps and other disorders, . 1 1 2 Totals, 1 2 Scrofula only, .... _ Scrofula and other disorders, . 1 1 Totals 1 Skin only, Skin and other disorders, 1 1 Totals, - 1 4 Throat and other disorders, . - - - - 2 - i 12 i - - 16 Totals, 2 - l 16 i - - 20 Tumor only, .... Tumor and other disorders, - 1 1 Totals, 1 Causes of Disorders, etc. Causes of Disorders. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. Mass. I. T. Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. OS ci > Wellesley. G 03 Wisconsin. All Colleges. Number reporting Causes of Disorders. Number reporting cause, 10 14 10 i 23 17 25 7 132 21 - 16 276 Number reporting no cause, . 6 6 3 1 10 8 3 4 74 15 l 10 141 Totals, 16 20 13 2 33 25 28 11 206 36 l 26 417 Causes. Constitutional Weakness. Specified cause, .... 1 4 1 1 7 3 4 2 36 9 - 5 73 Specified and other causes, 2 2 3 - 7 2 10 2 27 4 - 3 62 Totals, 3 6 4 1 14 5 14 4 63 13 - 8 135 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 37 Causes of Disorders, etc. — Concluded. Causes of Disokdeks. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. Mass. I. T. Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. Vassar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. Wisconsin. All Colleges. Bad Sanitary Conditions. Specified cause, .... - 1 4 - 2 4 2 - 14 2 - 3 32 Specified and other causes, 3 4 3 - 2 4 4 1 24 2 2 49 Totals, 3 5 7 - 4 8 6 1 38 4 - 5 81 Intellectual Overwork. Specified cause, .... 2 1 1 - 2 1 3 1 15 1 1 28 Specified and other causes, 3 2 2 5 5 6 1 22 5 - 2 53 Totals, 5 3 3 - 7 6 9 2 37 6 - 3 81 Emotional Strain. Specified cause, .... Specified and other causes, 2 1 _ 1 - - - 4 1 _ 1 10 2 4 - - 3 2 8 2 32 7 - 3 63 Totals, . . . . . 4 5 - - 4 2 8 2 36 8 - 4 73 Physical Accident. Specified cause, .... - 2 - _ 2 2 2 1 8 _ - 1 18 Specified and other causes, - 3 - - 3 1 2 - 17 2 - 1 29 Totals, - 5 - - 6 3 4 1 25 2 - 2 47 COMPAKISON TABLES. The first series of comparison tables consider the following conditions of childhood,—parent nativity, out-door exercise, age at beginning study, and age at entering college, as com- pared with present health; they also show the time of entering college after beginning of menstrual period, the health of parents, and hereditary tendency to disease, as compared with present health. The tables follow. Parent Nativity as Compared with Present Health. Colleges and Parent Nativity. Present Health. Aggre- gates. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. Boston. Both parents native, 13 7 - 2 2 24 One parent foreign, 1 1 - - _ 2 Both parents foreign, 2 - 1 - - 3 Totals, .... 16 8 1 2 2 29 Cornell. Both parents native, 10 10 2 3 2 27 One parent foreign, 1 - - - - 1 Both parents foreign, 3 3 - _ 1 7 Not given, .... 1 - - - - 1 Totals, .... 15 13 2 3 3 36 38 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Parent Nativity as Compared with Present Health — Concluded. Colleges and Parent Present Health. .Nativity. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. GATES. Kansan. Both parents native, One parent foreign, 3 6 - 5 14 2 1 - - 3 Both parents foreign, 1 1 - - 1 3 Totals, .... 6 8 - 5 1 20 Mass. I. T. Both parents native, - 2 - _ _ 2 One parent foreign, 1 - - - - 1 Both parents foreign, - - - - - - Totals, .... 1 2 - - _ 3 Michigan. Both parents native, 15 14 - 4 4 37 One parent foreign, 1 1 - 1 1 4 Both parents foreign, 4 - - - 1 5 Totals, .... Oberlin. 20 15 - 5 6 46 Both parents native, 15 13 3 3 1 35 One parent foreign, Both parents foreign, - 1 _ _ _ 1 1 2 - - - 3 Totals, .... 16 16 3 3 1 39 Smith. Both parents native, 20 12 2 5 2 41 One parent foreign, - _ _ 1 _ 1 Both parents foreign, - 1 - - - 1 Totals, .... 20 13 2 6 2 43 Syracuse. Both parents native, One parent foreign, 2 6 3 1 1 13 2 1 - _ __ 3 Both parents foreign, - - - 1 - 1 Totals 4 7 3 2 1 17 Vassar. Both parents native, One parent foreign, 108 124 18 33 14 297 4 9 2 4 _ 19 Both parents foreign, 13 8 - 5 1 27 Not given - 1 - - - 1 Totals 125 142 20 42 15 344 Wellesley. Both parents native, One parent foreign, 26 24 - 9 2 61 2 1 _ 1 4 Both parents foreign, 1 2 - 1 _ 4 Not given, .... - 1 1 - - 2 Totals 29 28 1 11 2 71 Wesleyan. Both parents native, 3 2 _ _ _ 5 One parent foreign, - _ - _ _ Both parents ioreign, - 1 - - - 1 Totals 3 3 - _ _ 6 Wisconsin. Both parents native, 12 12 2 3 2 31 One parent foreign, 2 3 _ 1 6 Both parents foreign, 3 7 2 2 - 14 Totals, .... IT 22 4 6 2 51 All Colleges Both parents native, 227 232 30 68 30 587 One parent foreign, 16 18 2 8 1 45 Both parents foreign, 28 25 3 9 4 69 Not given, .... 1 2 1 - - 4 Totals 272 277 36 85 35 705 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 39 Out-cloor Exercise as Compared with Present Health. Present Health. Colleges and Hours. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. GATES. Boston. Under two hours, . • 2 _ - - 2 Between two and six hours, . 12 3 - 2 1 18 Over six hours, 1 - - - - 1 Not given, .... 3 3 1 - 1 8 Totals, . 16 8 1 2 2 29 Cornell. Between two and six hours, . 9 11 1 1 2 24 Over six hours, - _ _ 1 - 1 Not given 6 2 1 1 1 11 Totals, .... 15 13 2 3 3 36 Kansas. Between two and six hours, . 5 7 - 5 1 18 Over six hours, 1 - - - - 1 Not given - 1 - - - 1 Totals 6 8 - 5 1 20 Mass. T. T. Between two and six hours, . 1 2 - - - 3 Totals, .... 1 2 - - - 3 Michigan. Under two hours, . 1 1 2 Between two and six hours, . 11 7 _ 3 3 24 Over six hours, 3 3 _ - 2 8 Not given 6 5 - 1 - 12 Totals 20 15 - 5 6 46 Oberlin. Between two and six hours, . 11 10 2 2 - 25 Over six hours, 4 3 - - 1 8 Not given 1 3 1 1 - 6 Totals, .... 16 16 3 3 1 39 Smith. Under two hours, . 2 _ _ _ - 2 Between two and six hours, . 13 11 1 4 1 30 Over six hours, 1 1 1 - 3 Not given, .... 4 2 - 1 1 8 Totals 20 13 2 6 2 43 Syracuse. Between two and six hours, . 3 6 2 1 12 Not given 1 1 1 2 - 5 Totals 4 7 3 2 1 17 Vassar. Under two hours, . 1 11 - 4 - 16 Between two and six hours, . 72 81 16 22 10 201 Over six hours, 21 15 1 4 2 43 Not given 31 35 3 12 3 84 Totals 125 142 20 42 15 344 Wellesley. Under two hours, . 2 2 1 1 6 Between two and six hours, . 18 19 - 9 1 47 Over six hours, 2 - - 1 - 3 Not given, .... 7 7 - - 1 15 Totals, .... 29 28 1 11 2 71 40 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Out-door Exercise as Compared with Present Health — Concluded. Colleges and Hours. Present Health. Aggre- gates. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. Wesleyan. Between two and six hours, . 3 1 - _ - 4 Kot given, . . . - 2 - - - 2 Totals, .... 3 3 - - - 6 Wisconsin. Between two and six hours, . 11 16 2 5 2 36 Over six hours, 2 3 1 - - 6 jSot given 4 3 1 1 - 9 Totals 17 22 4 6 2 51 All Colleges. Under two hours, . 5 15 1 6 1 28 Between two and six hours, . 169 174 24 53 22 442 Over six hours, 35 24 3 7 5 74 3STot given, .... 63 64 8 19 7 161 Totals, .... 272 277 36 85 35 705 Age at Beginning Study as Compared with Present Health. Colleges and Ages. Present Health. Aggre- gates. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. Bouton. Five years or under, 11 5 1 1 2 20 Over live years, 5 2 - 1 _ 8 Hot given, - 1 - - - 1 Totals, 16 8 1 2 2 29 Cornell. Five years or under, 7 8 2 2 2 21 Over five years, 8 5 - 1 1 15 Totals, 15 13 2 3 3 36 Kansas. Five years or under, 4 5 - 3 1 13 Over five years, 2 3 - 2 - 7 Totals, 6 8 - 5 1 20 Mas*. I. T. Five years or under, 1 1 Over five years, 1 1 - - - 2 Totals, 1 2 - - - 3 Michigan. Five years or under, 16 6 2 5 29 Over five years, 4 8 - 3 1 16 Not given, - 1 - - - 1 Totals, 20 15 - 5 6 46 Oberlin. Five years or under, 8 14 2 1 _ 25 Over five years, 8 2 1 2 1 14 Totals, 16 16 3 3 1 39 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 41 Age at Beginning Study as Compared with Present Health — Concluded. Colleges and Ages. Present Health. Aggre- gates. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent Poor. Smith. Five years or under, 15 6 1 4 1 27 Over five years, 5 6 1 2 1 15 Not given, - 1 - - - 1 Totals, 20 13 2 6 2 43 Syracuse. Five years or under, 1 2 2 _ 1 6 Over five years, 2 5 1 2 _ 10 Not given, . . 1 - - - - 1 Totals, . 4 7 3 2 1 17 Vassar. Five years or under, 47 62 11 24 7 151 Over five years, 72 77 9 17 7 182 Not given, 6 3 - 1 1 11 Totals, 125 142 20 42 15 344 Wellesley. Five years or under, 17 16 1 4 1 39 Over five years, 11 12 - 7 1 31 Not given, . . 1 - - - - 1 Totals, 29 28 1 11 2 71 Wesleyan. Five years or under, 2 3 - - - 5 Over five years, 1 - - - 1 Totals, 3 3 - - - 6 Wisconsin. Five years or under, 7 10 3 3 1 24 Over five years, 10 12 1 3 1 27 Totals, . 17 22 4 6 2 51 All Colleges. Five years or under, 135 138 23 44 21 361 Over five years, 129 133 13 40 13 328 Not given, 8 6 - 1 1 16 Totals, 272 277 36 85 35 705 Age at Entering College as Compared with Present Health. Colleges and Ages. Pkesent Health. Aggre- gates. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. Bouton. Sixteen years and under, 1 i Seventeen to nineteen years,. 12 3 _ 1 2 18 Twenty years and over, 4 4 1 - 9 Not given - 1 - - - 1 Totals 16 8 1 2 2 29 Cornell. Sixteen years and under, 1 1 Seventeen to nineteen years, . 10 6 1 2 2 21 Twenty years and over, 4 6 1 1 1 13 Not given, .... 1 - - - - 1 Totals, .... 15 13 2 3 3 36 42 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Age at Entering College as Compared with Present Health — Concluded. Colleges and Ages. Present Health. Aggre- gates. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. -Kansas. Sixteen years and under, 3 5 2 1 ii Seventeen to nineteen years,. 2 2 _ 3 7 Twenty years and over, 1 _ _ 1 Not given, .... - 1 - - - 1 Totals, .... 6 8 - 5 1 20 Mass. I. T. Seventeen to nineteen years,. 1 1 - - _ 2 Twenty years and over, - 1 - - - 1 Totals 1 2 - - - 3 Michigan. Sixteen years and under, 1 2 3 Seventeen to nineteen years,. 12 9 _ 2 3 26 Twenty years and over, 8 6 - 2 1 17 Totals, .... 20 15 - 5 6 46 Oberlin. Sixteen years and under, 2 5 _ 1 8 Seventeen to nineteen years,. 7 4 1 1 1 14 Twenty years and over, 7 7 2 1 17 Totals, .... 16 16 3 3 1 39 Smith. Sixteen years and under, - 1 _ 1 _ 2 Seventeen to nineteen years,. 12 6 2 2 1 23 Twenty years and over, 8 6 - 3 1 18 Totals, .... 20 13 2 6 2 43 Syracuse. Seventeen to nineteen years,. 1 5 1 2 __ 9 Twenty years and over, 3 2 2 - 1 8 Totals, .... 4 7 3 2 1 17 Vassar. Sixteen years and under, 38 27 6 10 3 84 Seventeen to nineteen years,. 72 95 14 22 6 209 Twenty years and over, 15 19 - 10 5 49 Not given, .... 1 - - 1 2 Totals, .... 125 142 20 42 15 344 Wellesley. Sixteen years and under, 3 3 _ 6 Seventeen to nineteen years,. 20 20 _ 7 2 49 Twenty years and over, 6 5 1 4 16 Totals, .... 29 28 1 11 2 71 Wesleyan. Seventeen to nineteen years,. 2 1 _ 3 Twenty years and over, 1 2 - - - 3 Totals 3 3 - - - 6 TFisconsire. Sixteen years and under, 5 4 2 1 12 Seventeen to nineteen years,. 11 13 1 2 2 29 Twenty years and over, 1 5 1 3 10 Totals, .... 17 22 4 6 2 51 All Colleges. Sixteen years and under, 61 46 8 17 6 128 Seventeen to nineteen years,. 162 165 20 44 19 410 Twenty years and over, 58 63 8 24 9 162 Not given, .... 1 3 - 1 5 Totals, .... 272 277 36 85 35 705 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 43 Time, of Entering College after Beginning of Menstrual Period as Com- pared with Present Health. Colleges and Time. Present Health. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. GATES. Boston. Two years after, - - - 1 - i Three years after, . 3 - - 1 - 4 Four years after, 4 1 - - 2 7 Five years after, 5 1 - - - 6 Six years after, 1 2 - - - 3 Nine years after, 1 1 - - - 2 Twelve years after, - - 1 - - 1 Thirteen years after. - 1 - - - 1 Nineteen years after, 1 - - - - 1 Not given 1 2 - - - 3 Totals, .... Cornell. 16 8 1 2 2 29 Two years after, - 2 - 1 - 3 Three years after, . 2 2 - - - 4 Four years after, 2 1 1 - - 4 Five years after, 6 2 - 1 2 11 Six years after, 2 1 - - 1 4 Seven years after, . - 3 - - - 3 Eight years after, . . . 1 - 1 - - 2 Nine years after, 1 - - - - , 1 Ten years after, - - - 1 - 1 Seventeen years after, . - 1 - - - 1 Not given, .... 1 1 - - - 2 Totals, .... 15 13 2 3 3 36 Kansas. One year before, - 1 - - - 1 The same year, 1 1 - - - 2 One year after, - 1 - 1 - 2 Two years after, 1 2 - 1 - 4 Three years after, . - - - 1 - 1 Four years after, 2 2 - 1 1 6 Five years after, 1 - - 1 - 2 Six years after, 1 - - - - 1 Not given - 1 - - 1 Totals 6 8 - 5 1 20 Mass. I. T. Six years after, 1 1 - - - 2 Ten years after, - 1 - - - 1 Totals, .... 1 2 - - - 3 Michigan. Two years after, Three years after, . 1 - - 1 2 4 2 1 - - 2 5 Four years after, 3 3 - 1 - 7 Five years after, 3 1 - - 1 5 Six years after. 5 4 - - - 9 Seven years after, . 1 1 - 2 1 5 Eight years after, . 1 1 - - - 2 Nine years after, 2 2 - - - 4 Ten years after, 1 2 - - - 3 Twelve years after, - - - 1 - 1 Not given, .... 1 - - - - 1 Totals, .... 20 15 - 5 6 46 Oberlin. One year after, 1 3 - - - 4 Two years after, 2 • - - - - 2 Three years after, . 1 3 - 1 1 6 Four years after, 3 3 - 1 _ 7 Five years after, 1 1 - - - 2 Six years after, 3 - 1 - _ 4 Seven years after, . 1 1 - - - 2 44 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Time of Entering College after Beginning of Menstrual Period as Com- pared with Present Health — Continued. Present Health. Colleges and Time. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent Poor. GATES. Oberlin — Con. Eight years after, . 1 1 1 1 4 Nine years after, 2 1 1 - 4 Fourteen years after, 1 1 - - ~ 2 Twenty-two years after, “ 1 “ 1 Not given - 1 “ 1 Totals, .... 16 16 3 3 1 39 Smith. One year after, - - - 1 1 Two years after, - - 1 - 1 Three years after, . 4 2 - 6 Four years after, 1 - - 1 - 2 Five years after, 4 3 1 2 - 10 Six years after, 2 2 - - 4 Seven years after, . 5 3 - 1 - 9 Eight years after, . - ~ - 1 1 Nine years after, 2 2 - 1 5 Twelve years after, 1 - ~ - i Not given, .... 1 1 - “ 1 3 Totals 20 13 2 6 2 43 Syracuse. Two years after, . 1 1 — 2 Three years after, . - - - 1 - 1 Four years after, . - 3 - - - 3 Five years after, 2 - - 1 3 Six years after, 1 1 - - - 2 Seven years after, . 1 - - - 1 Eight years after, . - 1 1 - - 2 Nine years after, - 1 - - 1 Ten years after, - - 1 - - 1 Twelve years after, - “ - ” 1 1 Totals, . . ... 4 7 3 2 1 17 Yassar. One year before, . 1 1 - 1 - 3 Two years before, . - - 1 - 1 The same year, 3 1 - - 1 5 One year after, 8 9 - 3 1 21 Two years after, . 17 18 1 6 - 42 Three years after, . 20 21 5 7 3 56 Four years after, . 19 26 4 6 2 57 Five years after, 18 18 6 6 2 50 Six years after, 14 16 2 5 1 38 Seven years after, . 5 12 - 3 2 22 Eight years after, . - 5 1 1 7 Nine years after, 2 1 — 1 — 4 Ten years after, - 2 - 1 - 3 Eleven years after,. 2 - “ - - 2 Twelve years after, - 1 - - - 1 Thirteen years after, 2 - ~ - 2 Fourteen years after, - 1 - - ~ 1 Not given, .... 14 10 1 2 2 29 Totals, .... 125 142 20 42 15 344 Wellesley. One year after, Two years after, 2 - - 1 3 4 2 - 1 1 8 Three years after, . 3 1 - 1 . - 5 Four years after, . 7 10 - 3 1 21 Five years after, 4 5 - 1 - 10 Six years after, 2 6 - - - 8 Seven years after, . 3 3 2 - 8 Eight years after, . 2 - 1 1 4 Ten years after, - - - 1 - 1 Not given 2 1 - - “ 3 Totals, .... 29 28 1 11 2 71 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 45 Time of Entering College after Beginning of Menstrual Period as Com- pared with Present Health — Concluded. Colleges and Time. Present Health. Aggre- gates. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. Wesleyan. Six years after, 1 3 - - - 4 Ten years after, 1 - - - - 1 Not given, .... 1 - - - - 1 Totals, ... 3 3 - - - 6 Wisconsin. The same year, - 1 1 - 2 One year after, 1 1 1 - - 3 Two years after, 1 3 _ 1 _ 5 Three years after, . 3 5 - - 1 9 Four years after, . 5 2 1 1 1 10 Five years after, 2 4 - 1 - 7 Six years after, 5 1 1 1 - 8 Seven years after, . - 1 _ 1 - 2 Eight years after, . - 1 - 1 - 2 Nine years after, - 1 — - _ 1 Eleven years after, - 1 - - - 1 Thirteen years after, - 1 - - - 1 Totals, .... 17 22 4 6 2 51 All Colleges. One year before, 1 2 1 4 Two years before, . - - 1 - - 1 The same year, 4 3 1 _ 1 9 One year after, 12 14 1 6 1 34 Two years after, 26 28 3 12 3 72 Three years after, . 38 35 5 12 7 97 Four years after, . 46 51 6 14 7 124 Five years after, 46 35 7 13 5 106 Six years after, 38 37 4 6 2 87 Seven years after, . 16 24 - 9 3 52 Eight years after, . 5 9 4 5 1 24 Nine years after, 10 9 1 1 1 22 Ten years after, Eleven years after, . 2 5 1 3 - 11 2 1 - - - 3 Twelve years after, 1 1 1 1 1 5 Thirteen years after, 2 2 _ - _ 4 Fourteen years after, 1 2 - - - 3 Seventeen years after, . - 1 - _ - 1 Nineteen years after, 1 - - - - 1 Twenty-two years after, - 1 - - - 1 Not given, .... 21 17 1 2 3 44 Totals, .... 272 277 36 85 35 705 Health of Parents as Compared with Present Health of Graduates. Present Health op Graduates. Aggre- gates. Parents. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. Bouton. Father and mother, good 10 1 2 1 14 Father and mother, poor 1 1 - _ _ 2 Father good, mother poor 1 1 - - 1 3 Father poor, mother good - 2 - - - 2 Father good, mother dead 1 - - - 1 Father poor, mother dead - 1 - - - 1 Father dead, mother good 1 1 - - _ 2 Father dead, mother poor 2 1 - - - 3 Father and mother, dead - - 1 - - 1 Totals 16 ? 1 2 2 29 46 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Health of Parents as Compared with Present Health of Graduates — Con. Colleges and Health of Parents. Present Health of Graduates. Aggre- gates. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. Cornell. Father and mother, good 6 3 - 1 _ 10 Father and mother, poor 1 1 1 1 _ 4 Father good, mother poor - 1 _ _ 1 Father poor, mother good 2 1 - _ 1 4 Father good, mother dead 3 3 — _ 1 7 Father poor, mother dead - 1 — _ _ 1 Father dead, mother good 1 3 1 1 1 7 Father dead, mother poor 2 - - - - 2 Totals, .... 15 13 2 3 3 36 Kan ms. Father and mother, good 1 3 _ 2 1 7 Father and mother, poor - - _ 1 _ 1 Father good, mother poor 1 1 _ 1 _ 3 Father poor, mother good 2 1 _ _ _ 3 Father dead, mother good 1 2 - 1 _ 4 Father dead, mother poor — 1 _ _ _ 1 Father and mother, dead 1 - - - - 1 Totals, .... 6 8 - 5 1 20 Mass. T. T. Father and mother, good 1 1 _ _ _ 2 Father and mother, dead - 1 - - - 1 Totals 1 2 - - - 3 Michigan. Father and mother, good 4 5 - 3 1 13 Father and mother, poor 2 - - 1 1 4 Father good, mother poor 4 3 - _ 2 9 Father poor, mother good 4 - _ 1 1 6 Father good, mother dead 2 1 - _ _ 3 Father poor, mother dead _ * - _ 1 1 Father dead, mother good 1 4 _ _ _ 5 Father dead, mother poor 1 - _ _ _ 1 Father and mother, dead 2 2 - - - 4 Totals 20 15 - 5 6 46 Oberlin. Father and mother, good 3 4 1 - _ 8 Father and mother, poor 1 _ - _ _ 1 Father good, mother poor 3 4 - 1 _ 8 Father good, mother dead - 2 _ 1 __ 3 Father poor, mother dead _ - 1 _ 1 Father dead, mother good 5 - _ _ _ 5 Father and mother, dead 4 6 1 1 1 13 Totals 16 16 3 3 1 39 Smith. Father and mother, good 9 2 - 2 _ 13 Father and mother, poor 1 - _ _ 2 3 Father good, mother poor 4 1 - 1 _ 6 Father poor, mother good 3 3 _ _ _ 6 Father good, mother dead _ - - 2 _ 2 Father poor, mother dead _ 1 _ _ _ 1 Father dead, mother good 3 5 2 _ _ 10 Father dead, mother poor - - - 1 _ 1 Father and mother, dead - 1 - - - 1 Totals, .... 20 13 2 6 2 43 Syracuse. Father and mother, good 3 2 1 2 _ 8 Father good, mother poor - 1 1 _ _ 2 Father poor, mother good _ 1 _ _ 1 Father good, mother dead _ 2 - _ 1 3 Father dead, mother good 1 1 1 - 3 Totals, .... 4 7 3 2 1 17 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 47 Health of Parents as Compared with Present Health of Graduates — Con. Colleges and Health of Present Health of Graduates. Aggre- Parents. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. GATES. Vassar. Father and mother, good 39 42 5 12 3 101 Father and mother, poor 2 3 1 3 1 10 Father good, mother poor 6 18 1 6 2 33 Father poor, mother good 9 14 2 4 29 Father good, mother dead 14 17 2 2 2 37 Father poor, mother dead 3 4 1 3 11 Father dead, mother good 31 20 4 8 _ 63 Father dead, mother poor 6 8 1 1 2 18 Father and mother, dead 13 15 3 3 5 39 Not given 2 1 - 3 Totals 125 142 20 42 15 344 Wellesley. Father and mother, good 13 8 1 _ 22 Father and mother, poor 2 _ _ 2 Father good, mother poor 3 1 _ 1 1 6 Father poor, mother good 1 3 - 2 _ 6 Father good, mother dead 3 10 1 1 _ 15 Father poor, mother dead Father dead, mother good 1 2 _ 1 4 4 2 _ 3 _ 9 Father dead, mother poor . Father and mother, dead 1 _ - 2 _ 3 1 2 - 1 - 4 Totals, .... 29 28 1 11 2 71 Wesleyan. Father and mother, good 1 1 _ _ _ 2 Father and mother, poor 1 _ _ _ 1 Father poor, mother good - 1 - _ * 1 Father good, mother dead 1 - _ _ _ 1 Father and mother, dead - 1 - - - 1 Totals, .... 3 3 - - - 6 Wisconsin. Father and mother, good 7 4 2 1 _ 14 Father and mother, poor 1 3 1 _ _ 5 Father good, mother poor 3 4 - 1 8 Father poor, mother good _ 1 _ 1 1 3 Father good, mother dead - 3 - 1 _ 4 Father dead, mother good 2 4 1 2 _ 9 Father dead, mother poor 1 2 _ _ _ 3 Father and mother, dead 3 1 - - 1 5 Totals, .... 17 22 4 6 2 51 All Colleges. Father and mother, good 97 76 9 26 6 214 Father and mother, poor 12 8 3 6 4 33 Father good, mother poor 25 35 2 11 6 79 Father poor, mother good 21 27 2 8 3 61 Father good, mother dead 24 38 3 7 4 76 Father poor, mother dead 4 9 2 3 2 20 Father dead, mother good 50 42 9 15 1 117 Father dead, mother poor 13 12 1 4 2 32 Father and mother, dead 24 29 5 5 7 70 Not given, .... 2 1 - - ' - 3 Totals, .... 272 277 36 85 35 705 48 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Present Health. Tendency. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. GATES. Boston. From father, .... 1 - - 1 _ _ 2 From mother, .... 1 _ - _ _ 1 From father and mother, _ 1 — _ - 1 Not specified, .... 4 4 - - - 8 No hereditary tendency, 10 3 “ 2 2 17 Totals 16 8 1 2 2 29 Cornell. From father - 1 - - - 1 From mother, .... 2 1 _ _ 3 Not specified, .... 3 7 - 2 - 12 No hereditary tendency, 10 4 2 1 3 20 Totals, .... 15 13 2 3 3 36 Kansas. From father and mother, - 1 _ - - 1 Not specified, .... 2 2 - 5 - 9 No hereditary tendency, 4 5 - - 1 10 Totals 6 8 - 5 1 20 Mass. I. T. No hereditary tendency, 1 2 - - - 3 Totals, .... 1 2 - - - 3 Michigan. From father, .... - 1 - _ - 1 From mother 2 1 _ 1 4 From father and mother, 1 - - - - 1 Not specified, .... 4 3 - 1 2 10 No hereditary tendency, 13 10 - 4 3 30 Totals, .... 20 15 - 5 6 46 Oberlin. From mother, .... 3 2 _ _ _ 5 From father and mother, - 1 _ _ _ 1 Not specified, .... 6 3 2 2 - 13 No hereditary tendency, 7 10 1 1 1 20 Totals, .... 16 16 3 3 1 39 Smith. From mother - 2 - 1 _ 3 Not specified 7 3 2 - 1 13 No hereditary tendency, 13 8 - 5 1 27 Totals 20 13 2 6 2 43 Syracuse. From mother, .... 1 - 1 _ - 2 Not specified, .... - 1 1 - - 2 No hereditary tendency, 3 6 1 2 1 13 Totals, .... 4 7 3 2 1 17 Vassar. From father 4 3 2 2 _ 11 From mother, .... 2 2 1 3 2 10 From father and mother, 2 1 - 2 5 Not specified 25 33 6 13 2 79 No hereditary tendency, 92 103 11 22 11 239 Totals, .... 125 142 20 42 15 344 IVellesley. From father, .... 1 - _ _ 1 From mother, .... 4 2 _ _ _ 6 From father and mother, - _ - 3 _ 3 Not specified, .... 4 4 - 4 1 13 No hereditary tendency, 20 22 1 4 1 48 Totals 29 28 1 11 2 71 Hereditary Tendency to Disease as Comj)ared with Present Health COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 49 Hereditary Tendency to Disease as Compared with Present Health — Con. Present Health. Tendency. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent Poor. GATES. Wesleyan. Not specified 1 3 - - - 4 No hereditary tendency, 2 - - - 2 Totals, .... 3 3 - - _ 6 Wisconsin. From father, .... 1 1 - - - 2 Not specified 5 7 1 1 1 15 No hereditary tendency, 11 14 3 5 1 34 Totals, .... 17 22 4 6 2 51 All Colleges. From father 7 6 3 2 18 From mother, .... 15 10 2 4 3 34 From father and mother, 3 4 - 5 - 12 Not specified 61 70 12 28 7 178 No hereditary tendency, 186 187 19 46 25 463 Totals, .... 272 277 36 85 35 705 In the second series of comparison tables which follow, we present first the age at entering college as compared with health during college life; then compare college study and college worry with health during college life, and give the present health of graduates who entered society a good deal during college life. Age at Entering College as Compared with Health during College Life, Boston. 16 years and under, . 17 to 19 years, . , 20 years and over, Not given, . Totals, . Cornell. 16 years and under, . 17 to 19 years, 20 years and over, Not given, . Totals, . Kansas. 16 years and under, . 17 to 19 years, 20 years and over, Not given, . Totals, . Colleges and Age Classification. to 1 1 1 to oi 1 COMM M 1 M I | From excellent to good. Deterioration in Health. M 1 1 1 M M 1 M 1 1 I till From excellent or good to fair. CO 1 1 M to CO 1 1 CO 1 1 HCO | From excellent or good to indifferent or poor. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 From fair to indifferent or poor. 1 1 1 1 1 1-* 1 M I | M Mill From indiffer- ent to poor. 05 1 1 mc* o | C5» M 05 M tO CO I Total Number WHOSE HEALTH DETERIORATED. s to O M OI 4* | to M 1 05 tO M . No change. No Change or An Improvement. co 1 1 HtO 05 1 COCO I 1 M CO I An improve- ment. to o 1-1 CO HM-1H 05 29 1 21 13 1 M CO 00 M Aggregates. 50 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Age at Entering College as Compared with Health during College Life — Con. Deterioration in Health. « a . K H q £ j 9 No Change or An Improvement. Coli-eges and Age Classification. From excellent to good. From excellent or good to fair. From excellent or good to indifferent or poor. From fair to indifferent or poor. From indiffer- ent to poor. Total Numi WH08K HKA DKTKRIORATI No change. An improve- ment. QQ * H ◄ O w w o o < Mass. I. T. 17 to 19 years, 1 - - - - l 1 - 2 20 years and over, - - - - 1 - 1 Totals, . 1 - - - - l 2 - 3 Michigan. 16 years and under, . - - 1 - - l _ 2 3 17 to 19 years, 1 1 2 - - 4 14 8 26 20 years and over, 1 - - 1 11 5 17 Totals, . 1 1 4 - - 6 25 15 46 Oherlin. 16 years and under, . 1 - - - - 1 6 1 8 17 to 19 years, 1 - - - - 1 10 3 14 20 years and over, - - - - 12 5 17 Totals, . 2 - - - - 2 28 9 39 Smith. 16 years and under, . - - - - - _ 1 1 2 17 to 19 years, 2 2 1 - - 5 12 6 23 20 years and over, 1 - 1 - 1 3 6 9 18 Totals, . 3 2 2 - 1 8 19 16 43 Syracuse. 17 to 19 years, 1 - 1 - - 2 6 1 9 20 years and over, 1 1 - 1 - 3 4 1 8 Totals, , 2 1 1 1 - 5 10 2 17 Yassar. 16 years and under, . 7 3 11 1 3 25 45 14 84 17 to 19 years, 7 10 14 1 1 33 129 47 209 20 years and over, 2 3 3 - 1 9 25 15 49 Not given, . - 1 - - 1 1 - 2 Totals, . 16 16 29 2 5 68 200 76 344 Wellesley. 16 years and under, . - 1 - - - 1 5 _ 6 17 to 19 years, 6 2 7 - - 15 30 4 49 20 years and over, - 3 1 - 1 5 7 4 16 Totals, . 6 6 8 - 1 21 42 8 71 Wesleyan. 17 to 19 years, - - - - - 3 3 20 years and over, - - - - 3 - 3 Totals, . - - - - - - 6 - 6 Wisconsin. 16 years and under, . 2 2 8 2 12 17 to 19 years, 1 - - 1 - 2 22 5 29 20 years and over, - 1 - - 1 6 3 10 Totals, . 3 - 1 1 - 5 36 10 51 All Colleges. 16 years and under, . 13 5 14 1 3 36 70 22 128 17 to 19 years, 21 15 32 2 1 71 258 81 410 20 years and over, 8 8 8 1 4 29 87 46 162 Not given, . - 1 - 1 2 3 5 Totals, . 42 28 55 4 9 138 418 149 705 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 51 College Study and College Worry as Compared with Health during College Life. College Study. CD College Worry. Colleges and* Health. But little. Moderate. Moderate to severe. Severe. AGGREGATE Studies. Personal affairs. Both stud- ies and affairs. Neither studies nor affairs. Bouton. Excellent, . - 13 - 3 16 5 1 _ 10 Good, . - 5 _ 2 7 2 1 2 2 Fair, . - _ _ _ _ Indifferent, . _ 1 - 2 3 1 1 1 Poor, . - 2 - 1 3 - 2 1 Totals, . - 21 - 8 29 8 5 3 13 Cornell. Excellent, . - 10 1 . 6 16 3 3 1 9 Good, . - 9 1 2 12 - 5 2 5 Fair, . - 2 - ■2 4 - 1 2 1 Indifferent, . - 1 1 _ 2 1 _ 1 Poor, . - - - 2 2 - 2 “ Totals, . - 22 3 11 36 4 9 8 15 Kansan. Excellent, . _ 1 1 2 _ _ 2 Good, . - 5 1 6 12 7 _ 2 ' 3 Fair, . - 1 _ 1 1 _ Indifferent, . - 1 _ 4 5 1 1 3 Poor, . - - - - - - - Totals, . - 8 1 11 20 9 1 5 5 Mass. I. T. Excellent, . _ 1 - _ 1 _ 1 Good, . _ 1 - 1 2 _ 1 1 Fair, . _ _ _ _ _ _ Indifferent, . _ _ _ _ Poor, . - - - - - - - - - Totals, . - 2 - 1 3 - 1 1 1 Michigan. Excellent, . - ii - 9 20 3 1 5 11 Good, . - 8 2 7 17 1 4 6 6 Fair, . - 2 - - 2 1 _ 1 Indifferent, . - 3 - 2 5 1 1 2 1 Poor, . - 2 - - 2 1 * 1 Totals, . - 26 2 18 46 7 6 14 19 Oberlin. Excellent, . - 8 1 6 15 i 1 3 10 Good, . - 10 1 8 19 5 2 1 11 Fair, - 3 1 _ 4 _ 1 3 Indifferent, . _ 1 - _ 1 _ i Poor, . - - - - - - - Totals, . Smith. 22 3 14 39 6 4 4 25 Excellent, . - 11 1 1 13 2 1 2 8 Good, . - 10 4 5 19 3 6 4 6 Fair, . - 1 _ 2 3 _ 2 1 Indifferent, . - 6 1 7 _ 3 2 2 Poor, . - - - 1 1 - 1 Totals, . - 28 5 10 43 5 12 9 17 Syracuse. Excellent, . - 3 - 2 5 1 1 3 Good, . - 5 - 1 6 3 3 Fair, . - _ _ 1 1 1 _ Indifferent. . - 3 _ _ 3 1 _ 1 1 Poor, . - - - 2 2 - 1 1 Totals, . 11 - 6 17 6 1 5 5 52 STATISTICS OF LABOR. College Study and College Worry as Compared with Health during College Life — Concluded. Colleges and Health. College Study. Aggregates. College Worry. But little. Moderate. Moderate to severe. Severe. Studies. Personal affairs. Both stud- ies and affairs. Neither studies nor affairs. Vassar. Excellent, . 2 86 9 22 119 34 8 9 68 Good, . _ 78 20 32 130 33 15 21 61 Fair, . 1 13 7 9 30 7 4 6 13 Indifferent, . 1 30 7 16 54 16 9 16 13 Poor, . - 4 2 5 11 7 - 3 1 Totals, . 4 21 45 84 344 97 36 55 156 Wellesley. Excellent, . - 22 - . 2 24 9 1 2 12 Good, . - 12 - 14 26 10 2 4 10 Fair, . _ 4 2 3 9 1 2 2 4 Indifferent, . _ 5 1 3 9 1 1 5 2 Poor, . - 2 - 1 3 - 3 - “ Totals, . - 45 3 23 71 21 9 13 28 Wesleyan. Excellent, . - 1 - 2 3 - - 1 2 Good, . - 2 _ 1 3 _ 1 1 1 Fair, . _ - - _ _ - _ - - Indifferent, . _ _ _ - _ - - - Poor, . - - - - - - - - - Totals, . - 3 - 3 6 - 1 2 3 Wisconsin. Excellent, . _ 17 1 3 21 2 1 1 17 Good, . _ 15 1 4 20 4 2 7 7 Fair, . _ 1 _ 1 _ _ _ 1 Indifferent, . _ 6 _ 3 9 3 1 4 1 Poor, . - - - - - - - - - Totals, . - 39 2 10 51 9 4 12 26 All Colleges. Excellent, . 2 184 13 56 255 60 19 27 149 Good, . _ 160 30 83 273 68 38 51 116 Fair, . 1 27 10 17 65 11 10 11 23 Indifferent, . 1 57 9 31 98 25 17 35 21 Poor, . - 10 2 12 24 8 5 7 4 Totals, . 4 438 64 199 705 172 89 131 313 Present Health of Graduates who entered Society a good deal during College Life. Colleges. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Aggre- Boston, . 2 1 1 4 Cornell, . 2 - - - - 2 Kansas, . 3 - - - - 3 Michigan, 1 - - 2 1 4 Oberlin, . 1 - - - - 1 Smith, - - 1 - - 1 Syracuse, - 1 - - - 1 Vassar, 5 3 - 2 1 11 Wisconsin - - - 1 - 1 Totals • 14 5 1 6 2 28 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 53 In the third and last series of comparison tables, we show the condition of those graduates who studied severely while at college, and compare first the health at time of entering col- lege and health during college life with their health at the present time; give second the number reporting disorders, also, as compared with present health; then show the number of disorders reported by them; give the disorders by name, and, finally, show the time and cause for each disorder. The five tables follow. Health at Time of Entering and During College Life of Graduates who Studied Severely at College, as Compared with Present Health. Colleges and Present Health. Health at time of entering College. Aggregates. Health during college LIFE. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. Poor. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. * Poor. Boston. Excellent, 2 - - - - 2 2 - - - - Good, 1 - - 1 - 2 - 2 - - - Fair, 1 - - - - 1 - - - 1 - Indifferent, 1 - - - - 1 1 - - - - Poor, - 2 - - - 2 - - - 1 1 Totals, 5 2 - 1 - 8 3 2 - o 1 Corn ell. Excellent, 2 1 - - - 3 2 1 - - - Good, 4 2 - - - 6 3 2 1 - _ Fair, _ - - - - - _ - - - - Indifferent, - - 1 1 - 2 1 - 1 - - Poor, 1 1 - 1 - 3 - - - i 2 Totals, 7 4 1 2 - 14 6 3 2 i 2 Kansas. Excellent, _ - - 2 - . 2 - 1 - i - Good, i 4 I 1 - 1 - 6 - i - Fair, - - - - - - - - - - Indifferent, - 2 - 1 - 3 - 1 - 2 - Poor, - - - - - - - - - - - Totals, i 6 1 4 - 12 - 8 - 4 - Mass. I. T. Excellent, - - - - - - - - - _ - Good, i - - - - 1 - 1 - - _ Fair, - - - - - - - - - - - Indifferent, - - - - - - - - - - - Poor, - - - - - - - - - - - Totals, i - - - - 1 - 1 - - - Michigan. Excellent, 8 - - 2 1 11 9 2 - - - Good, - 3 1 - 1 5 - 5 - - - Fair, _ _ _ - - - - - - _ Indifferent, _ 2 - 1 1 3 - 1 - 2 - Poor, - - - 1 - 1 1 - 1 - - - Totals, 8 5 1 3 3 , 20 9 9 - 2 - 54 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Health at Time of Entering and During College Life of Graduates who Studied Severely at College, as Compared with Present Health — Con. Colleges and Present Health. Health at time of entering COLLEGE. Aggregates. Health doring college LIFE. Excellent. Good. c *5 Indifferent. Poor. Excellent. Good. Fair. Indifferent. £ § Oberlin. Excellent, 3 5 - _ _ 8 6 2 Good, 2 3 - 1 1 7 1 5 1 _ _ Fair, - - - - - _ _ _ _ Indifferent', - 2 _ - 2 2 Poor, “ - - - - - - - - - Totals, 5 10 - 1 1 17 7 9 1 - - Smith. Excellent, 1 3 1 _ 5 1 3 1 Good, 2 2 _ 2 _ 6 5 1 Fair, - _ _ _ _ Indifferent, - _ _ 3 - 3 _ 1 _ 1 i Poor, - 1 - - - 1 - 1 - Totals, 3 6 - 6 - 15 1 10 2 1 i Syracuse. Excellent, - 1 _ - _ 1 1 _ Good, 1 - - _ 1 2 1 1 Fair, - 1 i _ 2 1 1 Indifferent, - - _ - _ _■ _ _ Poor, - - - - 1 1 - - - - i Totals, 1 2 i - 2 6 2 1 1 - 2 Vassar. Excellent, 22 9 - 5 2 38 23 12 1 2 Good, 10 26 _ 14 4 54 6 32 6 8 2 Fair, 5 5 2 4 4 20 2 5 3 8 2 Indifferent, 1 5 - 2 _ 8 2 3 3 Poor, 2 5 - 1 1 9 - 2 3 4 - Totals, 40 50 2 26 11 129 31 53 16 23 6 Wellesley. Excellent, 2 3 _ 2 _ 7 2 2 2 1 Good, 3 7 - - - 10 _ . 10 Fair, - 1 - _ _ 1 _ 1 Indifferent, 1 3 _ 1 2 7 _ 2 2 3 Poor, 1 - - - - 1 - 1 Totals, 7 14 - 3 2 26 2 14 5 4 1 Wesleyan. Excellent, 2 - _ - _ 2 2 __ Good, - 1 _ _ _ 1 1 Fair, . . - _ _ _ _ Indifferent, _ - _ _ _ Poor, - - - - - - - - - - - Totals, 2 1 - - - 3 2 1 - - - Wisconsin. Excellent, 1 1 1 _ _ 3 2 1 Good, 1 3 1 1 _ 6 2 3 1 Fair, - _ - - _ Indifferent, - - _ 2 2 _ _ 2 Poor, . . 1 - - - 1 - 1 - - Totals, 2 5 2 3 - 12 4 6 - 3 - All Colleges. Excellent, 43 23 1 12 3 82 50 24 4 2 2 Good, 26 51 3 20 7 107 13 73 9 10 2 Fair, 6 7 3 4 4 24 2 5 5 9 3 Indifferent, 3 14 1 10 3 31 2 9 6 13 1 Poor, 4 10 - 3 2 19 - 5 3 6 5 Totals, 82 105 8 49 19 263 67 116 27 40 13 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 55 Number of Graduates who Studied Severely at College reporting Disorders, as Compared with Present Health. Classification. Present Health. Aggre- gates. Excellent. Good. | Fair. Indifferent. Poor. Boston. Disorders, 1 2 1 1 No disorders, . 1 1 Totals, 2 2 1 1 2 8 Cornell. Disorders, 1 3 - No disorders, . 2 3 Totals, 3 6 - 2 3 14 Kansas Disorders, 2 3 ~ No disorders, . - 4 Totals, 2 7 - 3 - 12 Mass. I. T. Disorders, “ 1 - No disorders, . - “ “ Totals, - 1 - - - 1 Michigan. Disorders, 9 4 No disorders, . 2 i 1 Totals, 11 5 - 3 1 20 Oberlin. Disorders, 3 6 2 “ No disorders, . 5 1 “ ■ Totals, 8 7 - 2 - 17 Smith. Disorders, 4 5 “ 2 1 No disorders, . 1 1 1 Totals, 5 6 - 3 1 15 Syracuse. Disorders, i 1 2 No disorders, . - 1 _ Totals, i 2 2 - 1 6 Vasmr. Disorders, 20 35 19 7 8 89 No disorders, . 18 19 1 1 1 Totals, 38 54 20 8 9 129 Wellesley. Disorders, 4 5 1 No disorders, . 3 5 ~ 1 — Totals, 7 10 1 7 1 26 Wesleyan. Disorders, “ ” ” ” No disorders, . 2 1 ~ “ ~ Totals, 2 1 - - - 3 Wisconsin. Disorders, 1 2 2 1 No disorders, . 2 4 “ Totals, 3 6 - 2 ■1 12 All Colleges. Disorders, 46 67 23 27 18 181 No disorders, . 36 40 1 4 1 82 Totals, 82 107 24 31 19 263 56 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Number of Disorders reported by Graduates who Studied Severely at College. Number of Disorders. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. Mass. I. T. Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. Vassar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. Wisconsin. All Colleges. One disorder, 1 3 5 1 7 5 4 3 28 6 63 Two disorders, 4 3 3 4 3 4 1 28 6 _ 2 68 Three disorders, . 1 1 _ _ 3 3 1 18 5 1 33 Tour disorders, 1 _ _ 1 1 11 2 16 Five disorders, 1 _ 1 _ 1 1 3 1 8 Six disorders, _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 Eight disorders, . • _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 Nine disorders, - 1 1 Totals, . 7 9 8 1 16 11 12 5 89 17 - 6 181 Disorders reported by Graduates who Studied Severely at College. Disobders. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. Mass. I. T. Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. Vassar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. Wisconsin. Ann Colleges. Heart only, .... Heart and other disorders, - 1 - - 2 - 1 - 7 2 - - 13 Totals, .... - 1 - - 2 - 1 - 7 2 - - 13 Brain only, .... 1 Brain and other disorders, - - - - 1 1 - 1 5 2 - 1 11 Totals 1 2 - 1 5 2 - 1 12 Lungs only, .... _ _ _ _ 1 1 3 5 Lungs and other disorders, . - 1 1 - 2 2 2 - 11 7 - 2 28 Totals - 1 1 - 3 2 2 1 14 7 - 2 33 Stomach only, . _ 1 1 1 1 4 Stomach and other disorders, 3 3 1 - 2 2 1 18 4 - 4 43 Totals 3 3 1 - 2 3 6 2 19 4 - 4 47 Liver only, .... _ 2 _ 1 1 4 Liver and other disorders, - 2 1 - 1 3 3 1 8 1 - 1 21 Totals, .... - 2 3 - 2 3 3 1 9 1 - 1 25 Bowels only __ _ 1 1 2 4 Bowels and other disorders, . 1 2 - - 4 1 1 - 11 4 - 1 25 Totals, .... 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 - 11 6 - 1 29 Generative organs only, . _ _ _ _ 1 1 6 2 10 Generative organs and other disorders, 1 5 - - 4 2 2 1 23 1 - 2 41 Totals, .... 1 5 - - 4 3 3 1 29 3 - 2 51 Urinary organs only, 1 Urinary organs and other disorders, - 1 - - - - 2 - 5 - - 8 Totals, .... 1 2 - 5 - - - 9 Osseous system only, Osseous system and other disorders, 3 1 - - 4 Totals 4 Nervous system only, 1 3 1 _ 2 2 7 16 Nervous system and other disorders, 4 4 2 - 4 - 5 2 27 3 - 2 53 Totals 5 7 3 - 6 - 7 2 34 3 - 2 69 COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 57 Disorders reported by Graduates who Studied Severely at College— Con. Disorders. Boston. Cornell. Kansas. s Michigan. Oberlin. Smith. Syracuse. Vassar. Wellesley. Wesleyan. Wisconsin. All Colleges. Muscular system only _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i _ _ _ _ 1 Muscular system and other disorders,.. - - - - 2 2 “ 3 1 8 2 - 2 i 3 - - 1 9 Neuralgia only, 16 2 Neuralgia and other disorders, 3 2 - - 1 3 3 1 “ 31 Totals, 3 2 - 1 3 3 - 16 1 - 2 31 Rheumatism only _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ - 1 • _ - 2 Rheumatism and other disorders, . 2 1 - - 1 1 - i 14 - - 1 21 Totals 2 1 - - 1 2 - i 14 1 - 1 23 Catarrh only - _ _ _ _ - _ 1 - - - 1 Catarrh and other disorders, . - i - 1 - - 1 - 3 Totals, - - i - 1 - - - 1 1 - - 4 Constitutional weakness only, _ _ - _ _ _ _ - 1 - - _ 1 Constitutional weakness and other dis- orders, - - - - - - - - 4 - - - 4 5 Developmental only, .... - - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - 2 Developmental and other disorders, - - “ “ 1 “ ~ 1 3 Eyes only, 2 Eyes and other disorders, •. 1 - - - - - - 2 ~ 3 5 2 . _ _ 4 1 _ _ 7 Fevers and other disorders, . - 1 - - - - - - 7 - 8 Totals, - 1 - - 2 - - - 11 1 - - 15 General debility only General debility and other disorders, . - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 Malaria only, Malaria arfd other disorders, . - - - - - - - 2 “ ~ 2 2 Measles and other disorders, . - - - - - - - - 3 2 5 2 5 Mumps only Mumps and other disorders, . - - 1 - - 1 2 2 Scrofula and other disorders, - - - “ ~ - 1 1 Totals, - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1 Throat only _ _ _ - _ _ 2 _ - _ 2 Throat and other disorders, . - - - - - - - 5 - 5 Totals, - - - - 7 - - - 7 58 STATISTICS OF LABOR. Disorders. Before College. Before and at College. Time c bo ja o < F DISC O O u V Si § c? w o After College. Before, at, and | after College, j Not given. GO H ◄ O M SS O G < Heart, 1 1 _ 5 6 13 Brain, - - - 2 i 1 8 12 Lungs, 8 - - - 2 2 21 33 Stomach, 9 - 3 1 1 4 29 47 Liver 1 - _ 1 1 3 19 25 Bowels, 4 - - 1 2 6 16 29 Generative organs 1 2 2 5 10 2 29 51 Urinary organs - - - - 1 2 6 9 Osseous system 1 - - - - 1 2 4 Nervous system, 4 3 4 7 6 5 40 69 Muscular system 1 - - 1 - 2 5 9 Neuralgia. 1 - 1 2 1 2 24 31 Rheumatism, 3 1 - 1 2 2 14 23 Catarrh 1 - _ - - 1 2 4 Constitutional weakness, - - - - 1 - 4 5 Developmental, 3 - - - - - - 3 Eyes, 5 5 Fever 8 - 2 1 - - 4 15 General debility, 1 v 1 Malaria 2 2 Measles, 1 - _ - 1 - 3 5 Mumps, 1 - - - - - 1 2 Scrofula 1 - - - - - - 1 Throat, - 1 - 1 - 2 3 7 Totals, 49 8 12 23 29 40 244 405 Time and Causes of Disorders reported by Graduates REVIEW OF THE TABLES. The tables which Vve have presented give the facts in detail for each college, and for all colleges, as reported by the 705 graduates who made returns to the committee on health statis- tics. As has been stated, the tables plainly indicate results and need but little explanation. In the review of the tables, which follows, wTe shall consider results for all colleges only, without regard to the individual college, the facts as applied to the whole number of graduates affording the fairest basis of comparison, and being, moreover, amply sufficient for our pur- poses, and all that the space allotted to this Part will warrant. It should be stated, however, that the averages presented for Oberlin college, as regards conditions since graduation and present age, are greatly in excess of the averages for the same points for the other colleges. This excess is due to the greater number of years that Oberlin college has been open to women. Under conditions of childhood, from the table showing COLLEGE HEALTH STATISTICS. 59 who Studied Severely during College Life. * td oo u> to 1 1 M I 1 »—» 1 1 1 tO»UOiMOO I M MM COC3 MOW Olv Constitutional weakness. p p- CO iM to 1 1 | M* | M* M 1 1 1 CO 05 M tO M 1—* 1 to 05 CO 1 I Bad sanitary.* p 2. CO 1 1 | | | t-iMM 1 1 1 M* CO M CO | 1 tO M M 05 H to 1 Intellectual over- work. p •-* o« 1 1 1 1 1 1 I to 1 l l l to I ml 1 M 1 1 1 1 tO 1 Emotional strain. 3 M to 1 1 1 » 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M* M»K> 1 00 1 | I I 1 I Physical acci- dent. P g 1 1 1 1 M 1 M 1 1 M 1 I I 1 1 1 1 tO 1 1 1 M I M Constitutional weakness and bad sanitary.* CJ1 P P- s p oo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 I CO 1 1 M | I Mi 1 | tO Constitutional weakness and intellectual overwork. p *-* Ci to M* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O 1 1 M M tO 1 1 CO | Intellectual over- work and emo- tional strain. 0 Si O* 05 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 »—• 1 t—‘ 1 1 tO 1 I M | M | Intellectual over- work and physi- cal accident. P cn 1 1 1 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MM* 1 1 1 M I 1 MM | | Emotional strain and physical ac- cident. P- s* & p 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 M | 1 1 1 1 Mi 1 1 M Constitutional weakness, bad sanitary, * and emotional strain. p o' cr1 o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M I 1 HI C0| 1 to 1 1 CO | | | Constitutional weakness, intel- lectual over- work, and emo- tional strain. CD P- O * P P O Mt» ►§ P o CD o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 HI tOI 1 M 1 1 Mi Mi | Bad sanitary,* emotional strain, and physical ac- cident. Co 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * 1 1 M 1 III Mi M III Bad sanitary,* intellectual over- work, emotional strain, and phys- ical accident. £ to M* IO 1 1 M 1 C0C0tOtf*-H-‘tf^<£>MO'Q'CCC5O5C5>-*