THE 
BONES, 
LIGAMENTS, AND MUSCLES, 
OF THE 
DOMESTIC CAT 
[Felis Catus Linn.). 
The plates accompanying the text are copies, reduced one-third, from the outline plates in 
Hercule Straus-Durckheim’s “ Anatomic Descriptive et Com- 
parative du Chat,” Paris, 1845, and prepared by 
the Osborne Photo-lithographic process. 
The Text 
BT 
HENRY S. WILLIAMS, Ph.D. 
9 
NEWYORK 
G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS 
4th Ave. and 230 Street 
i 875 Copyright, 
Henry S. Williams. 
1875. 
Lange, Little & Co* 
PRINTERS, 
108 to 114 Wooster Street, N. Y. BONES, MUSCLES AND LIGAMENTS 
THE 
OF THE 
DOMESTIC OAT 
{Felis Catis Linn.). 
INTRODUCTION. 
In the preparation of this little work the attempt is made to fur- 
nish, in a concise and convenient form, the means of learning the 
characters and scientific nomenclature of the bony frame-work, the 
ligaments and the muscles of a typical vertebrate animal. 
The common domestic Cat has been selected as peculiarly well 
adapted to represent the anatomical structure of the higher verte- 
brates; and, as Straus-Durckheim has shown, it is one of the best 
subjects that can be found to stand as a typical Mammal. 
While, in general outline and in some of its special features, it is 
quite different from man, its structure is so similar as to make the iden- 
tification of homologous parts both simple and easy, when compared 
with those of the latter. As a type, it is even better adapted to exhibit 
the general laws and principles of anatomical structure among mam- 
mals than is the human subject. 
For one expecting to enter the medical profession, there can be no 
better method of gaining a sound scientific knowledge of man’s organ- 
ization and physiological functions than by beginning his studies with 
the investigation of an animal in which all the essential parts of his 
structure are represented, but with just enough variation to draw his 
attention forcibly to those points which he finds to be in common when 
he comes to the proper studies of his profession. He will thus be led IV 
Introduction. 
to observe the differences, physiological as well as anatomical, between 
the characters which are peculiar to the human species, and those by 
which man is intimately linked with mammals in particular, and, in a 
broader sense, with the whole animal kingdom. 
A second advantage to be gained by a careful and minute knowl- 
edge of the anatomical structure of such an animal, is that it will serve 
him to the furthest extent possible when he wishes to carry on physio- 
logical investigations. 
Vivisection is never allowable upon the human subject; but under 
certain circumstances the laws of physiological action may be investi- 
gated upon the brute animal while its vital functions are intact. 
The very science of physiology is to a great degree based upon such 
investigations of the Rabbit, Guinea-pig, Dog and Cat, and yet for 
none of these well known animals has the anatomical structure been 
worked out with that minuteness and fulness demanded by the present 
state of biological science. For the Rabbit we have the work of W. 
Krause (“Anatomic der Kaninschens, etc.”}, which is a very good work 
in so far as it gives a general view of the main anatomical parts, but it 
is not well enough illustrated to be of much use to the beginner when 
taken by itself. 
The convenient size for the dissecting table also adapts the Cat to 
the uses of the student of anatomy. Its size is such as not to make it 
unwieldy, nor on the other hand is it so small as to trouble the unas- 
sisted eye in following the more delicate parts of structure. 
Again, the Cat is so common that any student may obtain a subject 
without difficulty, and the fertility of the species provides the means for 
research in the direction of embryology and individual development. 
Its strength, agility and ferocity when tormented, will serve as 
checks upon any torture under vivisection, which a weaker or more 
timid animal might be forced to suffer under the knife of the too eager 
investigator. 
But the character which specially recommends this species as a 
standard example for reference and comparison, is that of its structural 
uniformity. Though differences in color and, rarely, of size may he 
found, this uniformity is so nearly universal that it is pretty certain that 
any decided variation from the normal anatomy of any well-developed 
example of the species would be marked at once as an individual pecu- 
liarity. 
In consideration of the above facts the domestic Cat seems particu- 
larly worthy of having its anatomy described and figured with special 
care and completeness. This work has been done faithfully for the Introduction. 
V 
Bones, Ligaments and Muscles by Hercule Straus-Durckheim, but the 
description and illustration of tire nervous, digestive and circulatory 
systems, with the reproduction and special secretory and excretory 
organs has not been accomplished. The work of Straus-Durckheim 
(“ Anatomic Descriptive et Comparative du Chat,” Paris, 1845), has been 
taken as the foundation for the present work. His outline plates are 
here reproduced, and so reduced as to make them of convenient size for 
practical use in the laboratory. His nomenclature is entirely French, 
and while his identification of parts has been followed to a considerable 
extent, the explanatory index here presented in Latin form of nomencla- 
ture is rather a revision than a simple reproduction of the matter in the 
original work, and for this the writer is in the main responsible. 
There are, undoubtedly, many names here adopted which may meet 
with objection; but if the imperfections here found shall turn the atten- 
tion of working comparative anatomists to the crying need of a standard 
and uniform nomenclature for their science, the fullest criticism will be 
welcomed. 
If found practicable this work will be followed by a descriptive 
vocabulary containing the synonomy, as well as a succinct description 
of each part herein illustrated. It is greatly to be desired that the 
remainder of the special anatomy of the Cat be worked up as fully as 
Straus-Durckheim has done for the Bones, Ligaments and Muscles, and 
that this species be generally accepted as a type of the Mammalian group 
of vertebrates; we hope this may be accomplished at no distant day. 
Admirable works on comparative anatomy are not wanting, and the 
works of Owen, Huxley and Rolleston seem to leave little to be desired 
in this direction. Still neither of these works is fully adapted to the 
needs of a beginner, though of great value in his higher studies. 
The best text-book for the beginner is the subject itself lying out 
upon the dissecting table; and while the present work will give him a 
nomenclature, and maps out the field he is to investigate, he will find 
useful, for his further guidance Dunglison’s Medical Dictionary (al- 
though its descriptions are confined within the limits of human anat- 
omy), Owen’s Anatomy of Vertebrates, or a full work on Human 
Anatomy, as Gray’s, but better than these in the beginning of his 
studies will be the help of a competent instructor to direct his work, 
and examine and criticise the drawings and descriptions he shall make 
for himself of the bearings, relations, and surfaces of bones, the attach- 
ments and functions of ligaments, and the relation to each other, the 
areas of origin and insertion of muscles, their actions, and counterac- 
tions. It is the Anatomy and Physiology of Man that is to be consid- VI 
Introduction. 
ered of first importance, but a human subject for the dissecting table 
can be obtained only by the authorized medical student. If, therefore, 
we are to consider a knowledge of the physical organization and the 
physiological action of Man as one of the desirable acquirements of a 
well-educated man or woman, the importance of finding some other 
subject, whose organization we can actually investigate with scalpel in 
hand, and whose functions we may watch and study while in action, is 
very apparent. In the animal under consideration we see this want 
supplied. Taking it as our “ subject,” we may gain a knowledge of 
Anatomy and Physiology such as books alone can give but the faintest 
idea. 
We must look to the students of vital phenomena in the physio- 
logical laboratory, to the work on the dissecting table, to the cannula, the 
myographion, and the many other implements cf modern research, to 
develop Comparative Anatomy and Physiology into a perfect science of 
Biology. 
As we need look less than a hundred years into the past to find the 
mysteries of the alchemist in the place of the exact methods and perfect 
results of modern chemistry, so it may be, could we turn our vision an 
equal distance into the futnre, we should see the knowledge of the laws 
of organic structure and vital phenomena so thoroughly perfected that 
no educated man or woman would be considered fit to assume the 
responsibility of living without a complete acquaintance with the prin- 
ciples of structure and function of every organ and part of his body, 
and the laboratories of chemistry and physiology would stand on an 
equal footing with the Latin and Greek recitation rooms in the colleges 
of that future. 
HENRY S. WILLIAMS. 
Ithaca, January, 1876. Note.—For the convenience of those who may have access to Straus- 
Durckheim’s work, “ Anatomic descriptive et comparative du chat, type des Mam- 
miferes en general et des Carnivores en particulierP the numbering and lettering 
of the original plates are retained in the present work. 
Besides chapters on general and comparative anatomy, and full descriptions 
of the parts represented in the plates, Straus-Durckheim has figured, in Plate I. 
“Le chat savage ” (Felis cat'us), the wild, and so considered representative of 
the domestic cat. Also in Plates XIV. to XXV., by finely shaded engravings 
the same parts represented in Plates 11. to XIII., but without any lettering for 
reference. 
Only Plates 11. to XIII. are here reproduced, the others being extraneous 
to the purposes of this work; but the latter, as well as the very complete descrip- 
tions, will be found of great use to a student wishing to make a thorough study 
of this branch of Comparative Anatomy. 8 
ABBREVIATIONS, 
AND SPECIAL USE OF TYPE MARKS, ETC., IN THE NOMENCLATURE. 
a., arteria. 
apon., aponeurosis, 
anthr., anthropotomy. 
add., adductor, 
abd., abductor. 
C. Cc., Cartilago, Cartilagines. 
can., canalis. 
cerv., cervical, 
d., ductus 
D. Dens, 
dig., digiti. 
dors, dorsal. 
dors., dorsi, or dorsale. 
ext., exterior, 
extra., externi,-us, or urn. 
f., for., ff., foramen, foramena. 
fos., fossa. 
Gl., Gians, or Glandula. 
Lig., lugs., Ligamentum, Ligaments, 
lin., linea. 
t 
long., longi, us, or-um. 
M., Mm., Musculus, Musculi. 
mem., membrana. 
min., minimi. ■ 
med., medius,- um, or-i 
metat., metatarsale. 
n., nervus. 
0., 00., Os. ossa. 
Osc., ossiculum, 
p., pp., processus,-!, 
phal., phalangiale,-is. 
ped. pedis, 
quart., quarti. 
S.-D., Str.-Dur., Hercule Straus-Durck 
heim. 
sec., secundi. 
t., tuber, tuberositas. 
tert., tertii. 
v.vena. 
vert., verts., vertebra, vertebrae 
Heavy face type is used to designate the 
special nomenclature adopted in this work. 
Synonyms are set in common Roman type. 
An initial capital (Musculus) signifies that 
the anatomical part to which the name 
applies is individually distinct from other 
parts of the same anatomical structure, 
while the usuage of a small or common initial 
letter (processus,nervus) signifies that the 
name refers to an extension, cavity, or other 
physical or formal character of such an in- 
dividual part. 
Quotation marks “ ” show that the name 
is adopted provisionally. 
Parenthes marks (—) enclosing part of a 
name, point to such a part as specially used 
by some author, or as unnecessary, or else 
(when it stands in light face type, at the end 
of a name) as simply explanatory, though not 
necessary in ordinary application of the 
name. 
Personal names, or abbreviations of them, 
affixed to a name designate the original 
author of the name, though in all cases where 
the original name was not expressed in Latin, 
the Latin form is assumed. 
A Latin nomenclature is used, as being the 
only form universally recognized by scientific 
men, and with the hope that by this means 
some assistance may be given towards the 
formation of a uniform and systematic no- 
menclature for comparative anatomy. EXPLANATORY INDEX. 
Plate 11. 
The integuments which cover the extremities of the four limbs are left to 
show how they form a kind of hood covering the upper surface of each digit, and 
prolonged freely, as far as to the distal phalanges, by means of a broad fold covering 
the claws. 
A Male Cat, with merely the shin removed, showing the more superficial 
muscles. 
1, Extremity of the nose covered by the 
integument. 
2, Parrhinal cartilage (Cartilago par- 
rhinalis). 
3, Ligamentous expansion prolonging 
the Musculi frontales upon the 
nose. 
4, Musculus levator labii superioris 
proprius; a, cut bristles of the upper 
lip. 
5, M. pyramidalis nasi. 
6, “ levator labii superioris alaeque 
nasi. 
7, 7', Superficial layer of M. orbicula- 
ris oris. 
8, The eye, (oculus). 
9, Part of the Lig. fronto-malare. 
10, sub-maxillary part of M. cervico- 
facialis (Str.-Dur.) ; (a, part of the 
“ platysma myoides ”) ; 
11, temporal part of the same ; ab, bris- 
tles of the cheek. 
12, M. labio-auricularis, (Str.-Dur.). 
13, “ supercervico-cutaneus, (Str.- 
Dur.) ; ab, its line of attachment to 
the integument. 
14, M. superciliaris. a, bristles of eye- 
brow. 
15, M. fronto-auricularis, (Str.-Dur.). 
16, “ temporo-auricularis, (Str.-Dur.). 
17, “ submaxillo-auricularis, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
18, depression of the cochlea. 
19, Lobe of the ear, (lobulus). 
20, M. antitrago-lobularis, (Str.-Dur.). 
21, “ temporo-antitrageus. (Str.-Dur.). 
22, “ sub-cervico-auricularis, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
23, M. conchaeus-externus,(Str.-Dur.). 
24, The “ oreillon,” (Str.-Dur.). 
25, p. ascendens antitragi. 
26, Lower part of the auricula of the ear. 
27, 27', M. auricularis externus, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
28, 28', Terminal part of the auricula. 
a, opening of the ear, (auris). 
29, Internal antero-inferior angle of the 
auricula. 
30, M. occipito-auricularis, (Str.-Dur.). 
31, “ sagitto-auricularis, (Str.-Dur.), 
32, “ supercervico-auricularis, (Str.- 
Dur.). 2 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate 11. 
33, Extremity of the Sternum. 
34, M. sterno-mastoideus. 
35, 35', anterior part of M. pectoralis 
major, [M. ecto-pectoralis, large 
pectoral, (Bourgelat).]. 
36, 36', M. clavo-cucullaris, (Str.-Dur.). 
ab, clavicular raphes. 
37, M. acromio-cucullaris, (Str.-Dur.). 
38, “ dorso-cucullaris, (Str.-Dur.), 
39, “ trans verso-scapularis, (Schre- 
ger); a, margin of the p. recuvatus 
of the Scapula. 
40, 41, 44, and 45, aponeurosis brachia- 
lis, which covers the four following 
muscles (40, 41, 44, 45.) 
40, M. spino-deltoideus, (Str.-Dur.). 
41, “ triceps externus, (Str.-Dur.). 
44, “ acromio-deltoideus, (Str.-Dur.). 
45, “ claviculo-deltoideus, (Str.- 
Dur.) ; ab, clavicular raphe ; de, 
median subcutaneous part of the 
spine of the scapula. 
42, apon. ante-brachialis superficialis. 
43, M. pectoralis magnus, (Str.-Dur.). 
46, First head of the right M. pecto-ante- 
brachialis, (Str.-Dur.); 
47, second head of same. 
48, Part of the right M. triceps internus, 
(Str.-Dur.). 
49, 49', M. supinator longus. 
50, A portion of the integument. 
51, Hypothenar eminence, (Str.-Dur.). 
52, The thumb, (Pollex), first digit of 
hand ; a, its tegumentary tunic ; b, 
its claw, (unguis). 
53, The second finger, or digit, (Index); 
a, tunic ; b, extremity of its claw ; 
54, 55, and 56, the three other digits, 
(called respectively Medius, Annul- 
aris, and Minimus in anthropotomy); 
a and b, as in 53. 
57, The “ Pelote”, or pad. 
57, The “ Pelotines”, or little pads of the 
digits. 
58, 58', M. dermo-humeralis, (Cuv.). 
59, M. dermo-gastricus, (Str.-Dur.). 
60, The anus, with a portion of its inte- 
gument. 
61, The superior part of M. sphincter 
(ani) externus, 
62, of M. constrictor sacculi ani, (Str.- 
Dur.) and 
63, of the M. levator scroti, (Str.-Dur.). 
64, Extremity of the Penis in a state of 
repose, the prepuce being removed. 
65, the naked glans penis. 
66, M. transversus perinaei. 
67, Part of apon. cruralis. 
68, Origin of M. parameralis, (Str.- 
Dur.) covered by the apon. cruralis ; 
69, the same covered. 
70, The external bead of M. biceps 
cruris, covered by same aponeurosis. 
71, 7P, M. semitendinosus. 
72, 72', Anterior part of the apon. tibialis 
(superficialis); 
73, posterior external fold of same, which 
arises upon the M. biceps cruris. 
74, posterior internal fold arising upon 
75, 75', the M.arcuatus, (Str.-Dur.), [ad- 
ductor femoris tertius, (anthrop.)]. 
76, The tail enveloped by the apon. spi- 
nalis superficialis. 
77, M. gastrocnemius externus, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
78, M. gastrocnemius internus, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
79, 79', M. soleus. 
80, The apon. tibialis (profundus). 
81, M. perodactyleus, (Riolan). 
82, Interval between the posterior pro- 
fond muscles of the leg, and Explanatory Index. 
3 
Plate 111. 
83, 83', the tendo achillis. 
84, 84', The heel. 
85, 85', Ligamentum annulare cruris. 
86, 86', Lig. annulare anterius calcis, 
(Str.-Dur.). 
87, M. cnemodactylaeus, (Riolan). 
88, The malleolus externus. 
89, Tendon of M. peronaeus primus, 
[fibuleeus, (Spiegel).]. 
90, United tendons of 
91, M. peronaeus secundus and 
92, “ peronaeus tertius. 
93, Lig. annulare externum calcis. 
94, Os quintum metatarsale, or fifth 
metatarsal bone. 
95, Tendon of M. tibialis anticus. 
96, The malleolus internus. 
97, Rudiment of the Os primum meta- 
tarsale. 
98, 98', M. flexor brevis digitorum 
pedis perforatus, [pternondacty- 
leus, (Riolan).]. 
99, 99', Portion of the Integument, same 
disposition as for the digits, fig. 50. 
100, Fifth toe ; 
101, 101', fourth toe; 
102, 102', third toe ; 
103, second toe ; 
104, 104', extremities of the claws. 
105, 105', “ Pelote ”, or pad of the paw. 
106, 106', “Pelotines”, or little pads 
of the digits. 
Plate 111. 
The second layer of muscles. 
1, The extremity of the nose, (nasus). 
2, Prolongation of apon. frontalis upon 
the nose. 
3, M. pyramidalis nasi. 
4, Eibro-adipous pad giving insertion 
to several muscles. 
5, The foramen infraorbitale. 
6, M. “ moustachier " (Str.-Dur.). 
7, 7', M. myrtiformis, (Santorini). 
8, p. nasalis (super-maxillae); 
a, tuberosity to which the eyelids 
are attached. 
9, M. zygomaticus minor. 
10, “ caninus, (Chaus.), (M. levator 
anguli oris, of anthr.). 
11, Profond part of M. orbicularis oris 
of the upper lip, (labium superius). 
12, Profond part of M. orbicularis oris 
of the lower lip, (labium inferius). 
13, 13', M. orbicularis palpebrarum. 
14, M. levator palpabrae superioris. 
15, The Eye. 
16, Os malare. 
17, Insertion of the masse ter, (M. mas- 
seter). 
18, IS', M. fronto-auricularis, (Str.-Dur.). 
19, orbitar arch. 
20, Position of the Lig. fronto-malare. 
21, 21', M. labio-auricularis, (Str.-Dur.). 
22, M. submaxillo-auricularis., (Str.- 
Dur.). 
23, M. lambdo-conchaeus, (Str.-Dur.). 
24, Os “ maxillare inferius ”, the man 
dible. 
25, M. mylohyoideua. 
26, 27, The two pieces of the “cornet 
d’oreille ”, (Str.-Dur.) ; 
26, the tongue, (“ languette”) •, 
27, the superior piece ; 
28, the inferior part of the “ conque”, 
(Str.-Dur.), concha in a restricted 
sense, 4 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate 111. 
29, the anti tragus ; 
30, p. “montante” (Str.-Dur.) of the 
same. 
31-35, The auricula, or pavilion of the 
Ear; ( 
31, its inferior part; 
32, the lobulus ; 
33, 33' j the superior part. 
34, The “Oreillon” (Str.-Dur.). 
35, The orifice of the Ear. 
36, M. sagitto auricularis, (Str.-Dur.). 
37, “ occipito-auricularis, (Str.-Dur.). 
38, Lig. stylo-maxillare. 
39, M. stylo-glossus. 
40, 40', M. digastricus, a, its raphe. 
41, M. stylo-hyoideus. 
42, “ subcervico-auricularis, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
43, M. hyopharyngeus; (constrict, 
phary. medius). 
44, Laryngial branch of the hyoid appa- 
ratus. 
45, M. temporo-antitrageus, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
46, Occipital arch, and its prolongation as 
far as the p. styloides, a. 
47, M. temporalis. 
48, O. petrosum, (Dulaurens). 
49, Cephalic branch of the hyoid appa- 
ratus. 
50, apon. preauriculare, (Str.-Dur.). 
51, Zygomatic arch. 
52, 52', The masseter, (M. masseter). 
53, 53', Clavicular end of M. clavo-cu- 
cullaria, (Str.-Dur.); 
54, sterno-clavicular raphe. 
55, M. sterno-mastoideus. 
56, “ clavo-cucullaris, (Str.-Dur.). 
57, “ acromio-cucullaris, (Str.-Dur.). 
ad, spine of the O. scapula. 
58, M. dorso-cucullaris, (Str.-Dur.). 
59, M. transverso-scapularis, (Schre- 
ger). 
60, M. infraspinatus. 
61, The “trochanter,” (greater), 
62, M. acromio-deltoideus, (Str.-Dur.); 
a, p. acromialis (scapute). 
63, M. spino-deltoideus, (Str.-Dur.); 
64, “ latissimus dorsi; 
64', terminal aponeurosis of the same, 
forming the first sheet of apon. spi- 
nalis superficialis, (Str.-Dur.). 
65, M. obliquus externus abdominis, 
65', its terminal tendon forming the first 
sheet of apon. abdominalis. 
66, M. obliquus internus abdominis, 
66', its aponeurosis of origin, or second 
sheet of the apon. spinalis superfi- 
cialis, (Str.-Dur.); 
66”, 66”', prolongation of the latter upon 
the Sacrum and Tail ; 
a, its attachment to the antero-supe- 
rior spine of the O. ilium. 
67, Tendon of M. rectus abdominis. 
68, Termination of M. supraspinatus 
69, M. pectoralis latus, (Bourgelat); 
a, b, its two heads. 
70, 70', M. pectoralis magnus, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
71, M. triceps externus, (Str.-Dur.); 
a, its anterior extremity. 
72, M. triceps medius, (Str.-Dur.) 
covered by apon. brachialis. 
73, a part of M. triceps internus, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
74, M. brachialis (anterior). 
75, 75', The Elbows. 
76, 76', The two Mm. radiales. 
77, 77', Second sheet of the apon. ante- 
brachalis superficialis ; 
77', a, lamina of the second origin ; 
h, lamina with longitudinal fibres. Plate 111. 
Explanatory Index. 
5 
78, M. biceps (flexor cubiti), (M. co- 
raco-radialis). 
78', Lamina of the third origin of the 
apon. antibrac. superficialis. 
79, 79', the “Hypothenar” eminence, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
80, 80', apon. palmaris. 
81, 81', Pollex, or digitus primus. 
82, Digitus secundus, or Index. 
83, D. tertius, or Medius. 
84, D. quartus, or Annularis. 
85, D. Minimus. 
86, 86', Lig. commune superphalangi- 
ale superficiale digitorum, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
87, 87', Elastic branches of Lig. com- 
mune superphalangiale profundum 
digitorum, (Str.-Dur.). 
88, 88', Elastic branches of M. flexor su- 
blimis (perforatus). 
89, Tendon of M. flexor profundus per- 
forans. 
90, M. sartorius. 
91, The anus, a, M. sphincter (ani) 
externus. 
92, M. sphincter (ani) internus. 
a, M. transversus perinsei. 
93, M. recto-cavernosus, (Str.-Dur.). 
94, “ caudo-cavernosus, (Str.-Dur.). 
95, “ ischio-cavernosus. 
96, Lig. suspensorium penis. 
97, glans penis. 
98, apon. sacralis. 
99, M. parameralis, (Str.-Dur.). 
100, apon. cruralis, covering the M. 
fascialis, (Soemmering). 
101, Ischiatic tuberosity, tuber ischii. 
102, M. curvatus, (Str.-Dur.), 
( “ add. fem. secundus). 
103, Small or caudal head of M biceps 
cruris. 
104, 104', M. arcuatus, (Str.-Dur.), 
(M. add. fem. tertius). 
105, 105', M. semitendinosus. 
106, Tendon common to all the extensor 
muscles of the legs and attached to 
the Patella. 
107, Ossiculum crithoideum exter- 
num, (Str.-Dur.). 
108, Lig. femoro-crithoideum exter- 
num, (Str.-Dur.). 
109, Femoro-tibial capsule. 
110, Tendon of origin of M. cnemodac- 
tylaeus, (Riolan). 
111, Lig. femoro-tibialis latero-exter- 
num. (Str.-Dur.). 
112, Protuberance of the “ greater Tro- 
chanter ”. 
113, “ Fascia lata ’ ’ aponeurosis, or second 
sheet of the apon. cruralis. 
114, Head of Tibia. 
115, M. gastrocnemius (externus), 
(Str.-Dur.); 
a, tendon of third origin ; 
b, tendon of second origin ; 
c, head of first origin. 
116', First sheet of the apon. tibialis 
superficialis ; 
117, third sheet of the apon. tibialis 
superficialis arising upon the tendon 
of M. semitendinosus ; 
118', second sheet of same. 
119', M.gastrocnemius (internus), (Str.- 
Dur.). 
120, 120', Tendon of M. fusiformis, 
(Str.-Dur.), (plantaris, (Anthr.)). 
121, M. soleus. 
122, 123', 125', 126, 127, 129, apon. tibi- 
alis profundus, (Str.-Dur.). 
125, Sheath of M. perodactyleus, (Rio- 
lan). 6 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate 111. 
124, 124', Lig. annulare cruris, (-supe- 
rius, (Bichat),). 
126, Sheath of the tendon of M. pero- 
naeus,primus, =M. fibulaus, (Spie- 
gel). 
127, Sheath of Mm. peronaeus se- 
cundus and tertius, (Mm. peronaeus 
and flbulinus, (Str.-Dur.). 
128, apon. tibialis profundus covering 
the tibio-tarsal capsule. 
129, Sheath of M. flexor longus hallucis 
and M. tibialis posticus. 
130, The malleolus externus. 
131, 131', Lig. annulare anterius calcis, 
(Str.-Dur.). 
132, Lig. arcuatum laterale externi 
malleoli, (Str.-Dur.). 
133, Lig. arcuatum posterius externi 
malleoli, (Str.-Dur.). 
134, 134', Frenulum of the M. fusifor- 
mis, (Str.-Dur.). 
135, Lig. and M. caleaneo-v. digiti (pe- 
dis), (Str.-Dur.). 
136, 136', Margin of M. flexor brevis 
digitorum pedis perforatus. 
137, Lig. annulare externum calcis, 
(Str.-Dur.). 
138, O. metatarsale quintum, or O. v. 
metarsale, a, its extremity. 
139, M. cnemodactylaeus, (Riolan). 
140, Lig. fibulo-calcaneum latero ex- 
ternum, (Str.-Dur.). 
141, Tendon of the M. peronaeus 
primus. 
142, Tendon of M. peronaeus secundus. 
143, Lig. arcuatum posterius externi 
malleoli, (Str.-Dur.). 
144, Lig. tibio-calcaneum latero-inter- 
num superflciale, (Str.-Dur.). 
145, Tendon of M. perodactylaeus, (Rio- 
lan). 
146, Tendon of M. tibialis anticus. 
147, M. pedicus. 
148, A ligamentous fasciculus of the 
apon. pedalis, attached to the mal- 
leolus interims; 
149, a second fasciculus, inserted upon 
the O. naviculare and O. cunei- 
forme primum, 
150, a third fasciculus, attached to the 
O. cuneiforme primum. 
151, Rudiment of O. metatarsale pri- 
mum, (or O. i. metatarsale). 
152, O. metatarsale secundum, or O. 
ii. metatarsale. 
153, Tendon of M. peronaeus tertius. 
154, M. adductor longus digiti secundi 
pedis, (Str.-Dur.). 
155, A tendon of the common extensor of 
the toes, M. cnemodactylaeus, 
(Riolan), running to the second digit 
(digitus secundus pedis). 
156, M. abductor medius minimi di- 
giti pedis, (Str.-Dur.), 
157, M. abd. brevis min. dig. ped 
(Str.-Dur.). 
158, Lig. plantare commune digitorum 
pedis, (Str.-Dur.), branches of, run- 
ning to the fifth toe. 
159, 159', Lig. sub-phalangiale superfi- 
ciale commune digitorum pedis, 
(Str.-Dur.), and its elastic branches. 
160, 160', Elastic branches of the Ligs. 
sub-phalang. profundi com. dig. 
ped, (Str.-Dur.). 
161, 161', Elastic branches of the Ligs. 
plantare com. dig. ped, (Str.-Dur.). 
162, Second toe,—secundus digitus pedis, 
163, third toe, 
164, fourth toe, 
165, fifth toe. 
166, The “ Pelote ”, or pad, opened. 
167, Tuberosities of the third phalanx of 
the pedal digits. Plate IY. 
Explanatory Index. 
7 
Plate IV. 
Third layer of Muscles. 
1, Cartilages of the nose. 
2, O. pre-maxillare. 
3, O. nasale. 
4, O. maxillare. 
5, Fibro-adipous pad of the lip. 
6, M. caninus, (Chaus.). 
7, 7', Profond part of M. orbicularis 
oris. 
8, M.-buccinator. 
9, Mandible, O. “maxillare inferius.” 
10, Ball of the eye ; 
a, the Cornea ; b, the Iris ; 
c, the Sclerotic. 
11, Lig. trochleare, (or pulley for the M. 
obliquus superior). 
12, M. levator palpabrae (superioris). 
13, “ rectus externus. 
14, Lacrymal canal, (can. lacrymalis). 
15, O. malare. 
16, for. infra-orbitjle. 
17, Cartilage scutiformis, (Cuv.). 
18, M. supercilio-scutceus,-(M. surcilio- 
scutien.) (Str.-Dur.)). 
19, Lig. fronto-malare. 
20, apon. preauricularis, (Str.-Dur.). 
21, 21', M. temporo-antitragseus, (Str.- 
Dur.) ; a, its tendonous intersec- 
tion. 
22, M. temporalis. 
23, p. zygomaticus. 
24, First head of the M. masseter. 
25, M. maxillo-auricularis, (Str.-Dur.). 
26, Inferior part of the “ cornet ” of the 
ear, (Str.-Dur.). 
26', Superior piece of the “cornet,” 
(Str.-Dur.). 
27, The “ conque” of the ear, (Str.-Dur.). 
28, antitragus. 
29, auricula, or representative of the 
“ helix ” of the human ear. 
30, The “oreillon”, (Str.-Dur.). 
31, 31', Opening of the auricula. 
32, The lob ulus, (lobe of the ear). 
33, The occipital crest. 
34, Lig. stylo-maxillare. 
35, 35', M. digastricus ; 
a, its tendonous intersection. 
36, M. stylo-glossus. 
37, “ stylo-hyoideus. 
38, Lambdoid and occipital crests pro- 
longed as far as the p. styloides. 
39, M. lambdo-conchaeus, (Str.-Dur.). 
40, “ occipito-scapularis, (Str.-Dur.). 
41, p. styloides. 
42, M. genio-pharyngeus, (Winslow). 
43, “ mylo-hyoideus. 
44, Laryngeal horn of the hyoid appa- 
ratus. 
45, M. “ sterno-hyoideus.” 
46, “ “ sterno-thyroideus.’, 
47, “ hyopharyngeus. 
48, “ constrictor pharyngis inferior. 
49, Cartilago thyroides. 
50, M. splenius. 
51, Cartilago cricoidea. 
52, M. trachelo-mastoideus, (Douglass). 
53, “ cleido-mastoideus, (Albinus ?). 
54, “ transverso-scapularis,(Schreger). 
55, “ rhomboideus. 
56, 57, M. supraspinatus ; 
ab, insertion, upon the superficial 
aponeurosis of this muscle, of the ten- 
don of the M. dorso-cucullaris, (Str.- 
Dur.). ; d tendon of M. supraspinatus. Explanatory Index. 
Plate IY. 
58, M. infraspinatus ; 
a, its terminal tendon. 
59, M. teres minor. 
60, “ teres major. 
61, Left “clavicle”—(O. clavicula;. 
61', Right “ clavicle.” 
62, Cartilage of the first Rib, or (costa) 
63, Extremity of the Sternum. 
64, Right Humerus; 
b', the “lesser” (Trochanter; or) 
tuberosity. 
c', the “bicipital arch.” 
66, A portion of the M. triceps (exter- 
nus), (Str.-Dur.). 
66, M. triceps (medius), (Str.-Dur.). 
67, “ anconeus medius, (Str.-Dur.). 
a, second head. 
68', M. biceps (brachialis). 
69, origin of M. supinator longus. 
70, 70', M. sterno-brachialis,W., sterno- 
trochiterin, (Str.-Dur.). 
71', M. pectoralis latus, (Str.-Dur.). 
72, 72', M. pectoralis magnus, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
73, 73', 73", M. serratus magnus. 
74, M. serratus parvus posterior, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
75, M. serratus parvus posterior (ac- 
cessorius), (Str.-Dur.). 
76, M. obliquus internus abdominis. 
77, Second sheet of the apon. spinalis 
formed by the union of the tendons 
of Mm. serratus parvus anterior, 
and -posterior and -obliquus inter- 
nus abdominis; 
77', its sacral portion, cut to show the 
Mm. fascialis (151) and gluteus, 
(Str.-Dur.), (148); 
77", its caudal portion, or apon. caudalis. 
78, M. obliquus externus abdominis. 
78', its terminal tendon. 
79, M. anconseus externus, (Str.-Dur.). 
80, Deltoid ridge of the left O. humeri; 
h, the greater tuberosity. 
81, 81', The Elbow. 
82, 82', M. brachialis (anterior). 
83', M. triceps (-internus), (Str.-Dur.). 
84', “ anconaeus medius, (Str.-Dur.). 
85', “ anconseus internus, (Str.-Dur.). 
86', O. humeri. 
87', M.-pronator radii teres. 
88, “ palmaris longus. (-cercialis,) 
(Str.-Dur.). 
89, M. flexor sublimis (perforatus). 
90, “ extensor proprius tertii digiti, 
(Str.-Dur.). 
91, 91', M.-extensor communis digito- 
rum. 
92, 92', M.-extensor proprius quarti 
digiti, (Str.-Dur.). 
93, M. extensor proprius quinti digiti, 
(Str.-Dur.). 
94, M. cubitalis, (Str.-Dur.) ; (ulnaris 
externus). 
95, M, flexor profundus perforans. 
96, 96', tendon of the M. radialis (exter- 
nus secundus), (Winslow). 
97, 97', tendon of M. radialis (externus) 
primus. 
98, 98', M. adductor longus pollicis, 
(S.-D.). 
99, M. flexor profundus (perforans). 
100, “ Hypothenar ” eminence, (Str.-D.), 
a, origin of Lig. hypothenate-111,- 
IV,-V metacarpale, (St.-D.). 
100', ac, Lig. phaco-hypothenateum, (S.- 
D.) ; and Lig. scapho-hypothena- 
teum, (S.-D.) blended with the pre- 
ceding (ac); b, a strengthening fascic- 
ulus of the apon. antebrachialis. 
101, 101', Lig. armillare anterius, (S.- 
D.) ; a, p. styloideus (ulnse). Explanatory Index. 
Plate IV. 
102, 102', Lig. armillare posterius, 
(Lind. ; S.-D.). 
103, Lig. ulno-hypothenateum, (Str.-D.) 
and the superficial fraenum of the 
tendon of the M. ulnaris, (S.-D.) 
blended. 
104, M.-abductor medius quinti digiti, 
(Str.-Dur.). 
105, 105', Tendon of M.-“ extensor pro- 
prius pollicis.” 
106, M. abductor brevis quinti digiti, 
(S.-D.). 
108, Tendon of M.-extensor proprius 
indicia (or M. indicator,) (Arantius). 
109, O. I. metacarpale. 
110, Lig. trapeze-11. metacarpale dor- 
sale, (S.-D.). 
111, Lig. I. metacarpo-sesamoideum in- 
ternum, (S.-D.). 
112, Oscl. sesamoideum internum (pol- 
licis), (S.-D.). 
113, Lig. annulare sesamoideum pol- 
licis, (S.-D.). 
114, Lig. sesamo-phalangeum pollicis 
internum, (S.-D.). 
115, O. primi phalangis pollicis. 
116, Tendon of M. profundus pollicis, 
(S.-D.). 
117, 117', O. secundi phalangis pollicis, 
118, Lig. interphalangiale internum pol- 
licis, (S.-D.). 
119, 119', Claw of pollex. 
120, M. adductor longus secundi digiti, 
(S.-D.). 
121, O. primi phalangis digiti secundi. 
122, 122', External and internal Fraena of 
the tendons of the extensors com- 
munes and proprii digitorum. 
123, Ligs. annulares sesamoideorum. 
124, Enlargement of the extensor tendons 
of the digits upon the first interpha- 
langial articulation. 
125, Lig. annulare subphalangiale pri- 
mum, (Str.-Dur.). 
126, 126', Elastic branch of M. flexor 
sublimis (perforatus). 
127, The “ Pelote ” laid open. 
128, 128', The tendon of M. flexor pro- 
fundus (perforatus). 
129, Lig. elastico-extensum medium 
tertii phalangis, (S.-D.). 
130, O. tertii phalangis, or “ungual 
phalanx,” with its claw. 
a. Ligs. secundo-interphalangiale 
internum and externum, (S.-D.). 
131, Mm. “ plagio-antobliqui caudae,” 
(Str.-Dur.), of which the tendons 
unite to form the band 77". 
132, Mm. super-intertransversares lon- 
gi-caudee, (S.-D.). 
133, Mm. infra-transversares medii, 
(S.-D.). 
134, Mm. infra-plagio-transversarea 
longi, (S.-D.), and plagio-mammil- 
lares longi, (S.-D.). All these caudal 
muscles covered by the apon spina- 
lis. 
135, M. pubis-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
136, Posterior extremity of M. caudo- 
rectalis, (S.-D.). 
137, M. ilio-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
138, The anus. 
139, M. ischio-cavernosus. 
140, “ sphincter internus (ani), 
a, orifice of glandula analis. 
141, M. obturatorius internus, 
142, “ transversus perinaei. 
143, Lig. suspensorium penis. 
144, M. caudo-cavernosus, (S.-D.). 
145, “ recto-cavernosus, (S.-D.). 
146, The penis, with the prepuce removed. 
147, Glaus penis. 
148, M.-sartorius ; 
a, its terminal tendon. 10 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate IY. 
149, M. ischio-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
150, Protuberance of the antero-superior 
spine of the “ Ilium.” 
151, M. fascialis, (Soemmering). 
152, The anterior portion of the apon. 
cruralis cut. 
153, The “ fascia lata,” or tendon of the 
M. fascialis, the second sheet of the 
apon. cruralis. 
154, M. quadratus (femoris). 
155, “ curvatus, (S.-D.). 
156, 156', M. arcuatus, (Str.-Dur.); 
a, ischiatic tuberosity; 
157, portion inserted upon the Tibia. 
158, the right M. semitendinosus ; 
a, its terminal tendon. 
159, Lig. tibio-fibulare super-poste- 
rius, (S.-D.). 
160, Osc. poplitaeum, (S.-D.). 
161, Lig. femoro-poplitaeum, (S.-D.). 
162, “ patella-crithoideum externum 
(S.-D.). 
163, Lig. femoro-crithoideum exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
164, Osc. crithoideum externum. (Str.- 
Dur.). 
165, Inferior portion of the first sheet of 
the apon cruralis covering the Pa- 
tella and the Lig. patellae. 
166, Lig. femoro fibulare latero-exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
167, Lig. tibio-fibulare supra-anterius, 
(S.-D.). 
168, Tendon of origin of M. cnemodacty- 
Iseus, (Riolan). 
169, Femoro-tibial capsule. 
170, First origin of the M. gastrocnemae- 
us externus ; 
171, fourth head of the same. 
172, M. poplitaeua. 
173, 173', M. peronaeus tertLus. 
174, 174', M. soleus. 
175, 175', “ fusiformis, (S.-D.) (M. plant, 
grad, (anthrp.); 
a, its tendon above the Heel. 
176, 176', M. gastrocnemius (interims, 
(S.-D.)). 
177, 177', M. peronaeus secundus. 
178, 178', “ tibialis anticus. 
179, 179', “ perodactylaeus, (Riolan). 
180', 0.-Tibia. 
181, 181', M. tibialis posticus. 
182', M.-flexor proprius hallucis,(S.-D.). 
184, 184', Lig. annulare cruris (supe- 
rius, (Richat). 
185, Fraenum externum of the M. fusi- 
formis. 
186, Fraenum internum of the M. fusi- 
formis. 
187, 0.-Tibia. 
188, M. cnemodactylseus, (Riolan). 
189, “ peronaeus primus. 
190, Tibio-tarsal capsule. 
191, “ Malleolus externus.” 
192, Lig. arcuatum laterale (extern! 
malleoli), (S.-D.). 
193, 193, Lig. annulare anterius (calcis), 
(S.-D.). 
194, Lig. tibio-astragaleum laterale, 
(S.-D.). 
195, Lig. annulare externum (calcis), 
(S.-D.). 
196, Lig. arcuatum-posterius (externi 
malleoli), (S.-D.). 
197, Lig. fibulo-calcaneum posterius, 
(S.-D.). 
198, Lig. fibulo-calcaneum-latero exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
199, O. calcis. 
200, Lig. or M. calcaneo-V metatarsalis 
plantaris, (S.-D.). 
201, Edge of M. perodactylaeus, (Riolan). Plate IY. 
Explanatory Index. 
11 
221, Frenum of the M. flexor brevis 
digitorum pedis (perforatus), 
222, Bones of the Tarsus. 
223, M. flexor brevis digitorum pedis 
(perforatus), 
a, 6, c, d, its four divisions. 
224, O, cuneiforme primum. 
225, Rudiment of O. primum metatar- 
sale. 
226, Lig. I-II metatarsale dorsale, (S.-D.). 
227, M. adductor medius secundi 
digiti (pedis), (S.-D.). 
228, adductor longus sec. dig. ped. 
(S.-D.). 
220, Os. secundum metatarsale. 
230, “ tertium “ 
231, Cartilaginous granule contained in 
the first interphalangial capsule. 
232, Enlargement of the tendon of the 
extensors, adductors and abductors 
of the toes covering the second inter- 
phalangial articulations. 
233, Extremity of the tendon of the M. 
cnemodactyleeus, (Riolan) attached 
to a tertiary (or ungual) phalanx. 
234, Lig. annulare sesamoidei. 
235, Ossa primi phalangis. 
236, Lig. annulare subphalangiale 
primum. 
237, Elastic branch of the Lig. plantare 
commune digitorum pedis, (Str.- 
Dur.)'. 
202, Fifth metatarsale. (Os quintum me- 
tatarsale) ; 
a, its tip. 
203, M. abductor brevis quinti digiti 
(pedis), (S.-D.). 
204, The branch of the Lig. plantare- 
commune digitorum which runs to 
the digitus minimus pedis. 
205, 206, 207, M. pedicus, (S.-D.); 
205, 205', internal head attached to the 
Lig. annulare anterius calcis; 
206, second head; 
207, third head attached to the calcis. 
211, M. abductor medius quinti digiti 
(pedis), (S.-D.). 
214, Tibio-tarsal capsule. 
215, Lig. arcuatum anterius interni 
malleoli, (S.-D.). 
216, Lig. arcuatum perodactyleii, (S.- 
D.). 
217, Lig. arcuatum astragaleum plan- 
tare, (S.-D.). 
218, Frsenum of the tendon of the exten- 
sors, long abductors and abductors of 
the toes. 
219, Lig. tibio-calcaneum latero-inter- 
num superficiale, (S.-D.). 
220, Tendon of the M. perodactylaeus, 
(Riolan), at the beginning of the 
groove. 
220', The internal edge of the same ten- 
don. 12 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate V. 
Plate V. 
Fig. I. Fourth layer of Muscles. 
1, O. nasale. 
2, “ premaxillare. 
3, “ maxillare (superius). 
4, “ malare. 
5, p, postorbitalis (frontis). 
6, 7, Globe of the eye ; 
6, the “sclerotic”, 
7, the “cornea”, 
8, Lig. trochlare. 
9, M. rectus superior. 
10, Lig. fronto-malare. 
11, Lower jaw, Mandible, 
a, f, mentale. 
12, C. scutiformis, (Cut.) ; 
a, its anterior extremity; 
5, Lig. scuto-antilobulare, (S.-D.). 
c, “ scuto-auriculare, (S.-D.). 
d, M. scuto-antilobularis. (S.-D.). 
13, Second head of M. masseter 
14, p, zygomaticus (squamosi); 
a, its posterior root; 
b, Lig. capsulare mandibulae, (Weit- 
brecht). 
15, 15', apon. temporalis, and M. tem- 
poralis ; 
15', second head of latter. 
16, Lambdoid and occipital crests, and 
terminal tendon of the M. sple- 
nius. 
17, Upper part of the cephalic branch of 
the hyoid apparatus, 
18, Lig. stylo-maxillare. 
19, “ stylo zygomaticum, (Str-Dur.). 
20, The cartilaginous portion of the 
“canalis anditorius-externus.” 
21, M. pterygoideus. 
22, “ stylo-glossus. 
23, M. glosso-pharyngaeus, 
24, “ genio-pharyngaeus, (Winslow). 
25, “ mylo-hyoideua. 
26, “ jugulo-hyoideus, (S.-D.) W. 
27, “ hyopharyngeus. 
28, Laryngial, “posterior” horn of hyoid 
apparatus. 
29, M. constrictor pharyngis inferior. 
30, M. rectus capitis anticus major, 
31, “ sterno-hyoideus. 
32, “ sterno-thyroideus. 
33, A portion of the QUsophagus. 
34, C. thyroidea. 
35, “ cricoidea. 
36, M. rectus capitis lateralis. 
37, p. transversus of the atlas, 
38, M. splenius. 
39, Mm. plagio-antobliquio (Str.-Dur.) 
cervicis. 
40, M. isosceles primus, (S.-D.). 
41, “ scalenus primus, (S.-D.). 
42, “ “ secundus, (S.-D.). 
43, “ “ sextus, (S.-D.). 
44, Mm. scaleni quartus et quintus, 
(S.-D.). 
45, M. scalenus septus, (S.-D.). 
a, 6, c, d, origins of the lattei upon 
the ribs. 
46, M. sterno-costalis exterior, (Str.- 
Dur.). 
47, The “ Presternum ”; 
48, other pieces of the “ Sternum ’k, 
49, the “ Presternum ”. 
50, The first two costal cartilages. 
51, Mm. intercostales interni. 
52, M. rectus abdominis ; 
52', its terminal tendon ; a its raphes. Plate V. 
Explanatory Index. 
13 
53, Second sheet of the apon. spinalis 
superficialis, formed by the union of 
the terminal tendons of the several 
bundles of 
55, M. serratus parvus anterior, (S.- 
D.), of 
56, M. serratus parvus posterior (S.- 
D.), of 
57, the accessorius (S.-D.) of the latter, 
and of 
58, the M. obliquus internus abdomi- 
nis. 
54', Continuation of the above sheet upon 
54", its prolongation upon the tail. 
59, The M. serratus magnus. 
60, The Ribs, (costae); 
60', their cartilages. 
61, The false Ribs, 61', their cartilages. 
62, Mm. intercoatales externi. 
63, M. gastrocnemius (anterior, (S.-D.). 
64, “ ischio-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
65, “ pubio-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
66, “ sphincter internus (ani). 
a, M. transversus perinaei cut. 
67, Caudal portion of M. sphincter ex- 
ternus (ani). 
68, M. sphincter externus (ani). 
69, “ constrictor vulvae. 
70, anus. 
71, vulva. 
72, Mm. subvertebrales, (S.-D.), (cau- 
dae), 
73, M. ilio-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
74, tuber ischii. 
75, M. ilianus, (Str.-Dur.). 
76, “ obturator internus. 
77, “ gastrocnemius (posterior,(S.-D.)). 
78, “ quadratus (femoris). 
79, insertion of M. coxalis, (Str.-Dur.). 
80, M. vastus-externus. 
81, M. curvatus, (S.-D.). 
82, M. semimenbranosus. 
83, Tendon of the Mm. sartorius and 
gracilis cut. 
84, Lig. femoro-crithoideun externum, 
(S.-D.)'. 
85, Osc. crithoideum externum, (S.-D.). 
86, Lig. patella-crithoideum exter- 
num. 
87, Osc. poplitaeum, (S.-D.). 
88, Lig. tibio-fibulare supra-anterius, 
(S.-D.). 
89, Femoro-tibial capsule. 
90, Lig. femoro-fibulare latero-exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
91, Lig. tibio-fibulare supra-posterius 
(S.-D.). 
92, Head of 0.-fibula. 
93, M. poplitaeus. 
94, 95, 0.-tibia; a, its angle. 
96, 96', M. cnemodactyleus, (Riolan); 
a, its tendon of origin. 
97, 97', M. peronaeus tertius. 
98, M. perodactyleus, (Riolan). 
99, The 0.-tibia. 
100, Lig. annulare cruris. 
101, “ tibio-fibulare infra-anterius, 
(S.-D.). 
102, 102', M. peronaeus secundus. 
103, 0.-fibula. 
104, “ malleolus externus ”. 
105, The “ tuber calcis ”, 
106, M. calcaneo-V. metatarsale plan- 
tare, (S.-D.). 
107, Tibio-tarsal capsula. 
108, Lig. fibulo-calcaneum posterius, 
(S.-D.). 
109, Lig. annulare anterius calcis. 
110, “ annulare externum calcis, 
(S.-D.). 
111, O. secundum metatarsale (in com- 
position, -11. metatarsale). 14 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate V. 
112, O. tertium metatarsale (in compo- 
sition, 111. metatarsale). 
113, 113', 113", M. pedicus. 
114, Os quartum metatarsale, (-IV. me- 
tatarsale). 
115, Os quintum metatarsale, (-V. me- 
tatarsale), a, its tip. 
116, M. abductor medius quinti digiti 
(pedis); (S.-D.); a, the two terminal 
branches of its tendon. 
117, M. abductor brevis quinti digiti 
(ped.), (S.-D.). 
118, Enlargement of the tendon of the 
M. cnemodactylaeus, (Riolan) cut, 
covering the first interphalangial arti- 
culation where the tendon of M. pe- 
ronaeus tertius terminates; 
119, similar Enlargements for the third 
and the fourth digits. 
120, Terminal part of the tendons of the 
M. cnemodactylaeus, (Riolan). 
Fig. 2. The right ear seen from the inner side. 
1, Inferior opening of the “ cornet 
a, the ‘ tongue ’ of the fii'st piece 2. 
3, Lig. stylo-cornetseum, (S.-D.). 
4, Second piece of the “cornet.” 
5, M. corneto-conchaeus, (Str.-Dur.). 
6, The “conque,” (Str.-Dur.). 
7, superior posterior part of same. 
8, M. concho-antilobularis internus, 
(S.-D.). 
9, Lig. corneto-antilobulare, (S.-D.). 
10, M. corneto-antilabularis anterior, 
(S.-D.). 
11, M. temporo antitrageus, (S.-D.). 
12, The antilobulus. 
13, M. lambdo-conchaeus, (S.-D.). 
14, M. scuto-concaeus, (S.-D.). 
15, “ maxillo auracularis, (S.-D.). 
16, “ antitrago-antilobularis, (S.-D.). 
17, “ concho-auricularis anterior, (S.- 
D.). 
18, M. scuto-antilobularis, (S.-D.). 
19, Groove corresponding to the antihe- 
lix.” 
20, Lig. scuto-auricularis, (S.-D.). 
21, M. concho-auricularis internus, 
(S.-D.). 
22, The (extremity of the) auricula,— 
“ pavillioxx ” (S.-D.). 
a, its infra-internal angle. 
Fig. 3. The Head, superior view: the left side showing the first layer of 
muscles: the right side the second layer. 
1, The tip of the nose. 
2, M. elevator labii superioris pro- 
prius. 
3, M. myrtiformis, (Santorini) 
4, Eibro-adipous pad. 
5, M. orbicularis oris. 
6, “ zygomaticus minor. 
7, Puncta lacrymalia. 
8, M. frontalis. 
B', M, pyramidalis-nasi, the nasal head 
of the M. levator labii superioris 
alaeque nasi. 
9, (M. rhinaeus, (Cowper), or) M. leva- 
tor labii superioris alseque nasi. 
10, The cornea of the eye. 
11, Inferior part of M. orbicularis pal- 
pebrarum. Plate Y. 
Explanatory Index. 
15 
12, Superior part of M. orbicularis 
palpebrarum. 
13, Orbital arch of the O. frontis. 
14, M. temporo-antitrageus, (S.-D.). 
15, “ cervico-facialis, (S.-D.). 
16, “ superciliaris. 
a, bulbs of the hairs of the eyebrow. 
17, The auricula turned back upon its 
side. 
18, M. fronto-auricularis, (S.-D.). 
19, “ temporo-auricularis, (S.-D.). 
20, “ interscutaeus, (S.-D.). 
21, Framework of the C. scutiformis, 
(Cuv. ?). 
22, Internal bundle of M. fronto-auri- 
cularis, (S.-D.) continuous with the 
M. levator labii superioris alaeque 
nasi. 
23, apon.-epicranianum (S.-D.). 
24, M. occipitalis. 
25, “ occipito-scutaeus, (S.-D.). 
26, “ sub-cervico-auricularis, (S.-D.). 
27, “ concho-auricularis internus, 
(S.-D.). 
28, M. sagitto-auricularis. (S.-D.). 
29, Mm. labio-auricularis et submax- 
illo-auricularis, (S.-D.). 
30, M. occipito-auricularis, (S.-D.). 
31, “ supercilio-scutaeus, (S.-D.). 
32, Lig. fronto-malare, (S.-D.). 
Fig. 4. Transverse Section of the Tongue, (Lingua, or glossa), at its 
anterior part. 
1, C. lingualis, (S.-D.). 
2, Fibre of the M. lingualis trans ver- 
sus, (Gerdy). 
4, Fibre of the M. lingualis verticalis, 
(Gerdy). 
Jig. 5. Transverse Section of the Tongue near the middle. 
1, Mm. genio-glossi. 
2, M. lingualis trans versus, (Gerdy). 
3, median raphe of the Tongue. 
4, M. lingualis verticalis, (Gerdy). 
5, The M. stylo-glossus cut. 
Fig. 6. Transverse Section of Tongue near the posterior end. 
1, A portion of the M. genio-glossus. 
2, Fibres of the M. lingualis trans 
versus, (S.-D.). 
3, Median raphe of the Tongue. 
4, Fibres of the M. lingualis vertica- 
lis, (S.-D.). 
5. M. stylo-glossus cut. 
Fig. T. The Tongue (Lingua) seen from above; the right side covered 
by the integuments with its numerous horny hooked papilloe. 
1, a, “ cryptee mucosae.” 
2, M. lingualis longitudinalis super- 
ficialis. 
3, M. lingualis longitudinalis lateralis. 
4, Mm. stylo-glossi. 
5, M hyoglossus. 
6, “ glosso epiglotticus. Explanatory Index. 
Plate Y. 
Fig. 8. The under side of the Tongue deprived of its integuments. 
1, Portions of the two Mm. genio-glossi. 
2, The M. lingualis lateralis intersected 
by the fibres of M. lingualis vertica- 
lis, (S.-D.). 
3, M. stylo-glossus likewise intersected 
by the latter muscle. 
4, M. hyoglossus. 
5, “ glosso-epiglotticus. 
1, The extremities of the laryngeal 
branches of the hyoid appara- 
tus. 
2, Epiglottis. 
3, Lig. thyro-arytaenoidaeum exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
4, Lig. thyro-arytaenoidaeum inter- 
num. 
5, Left C. arytaenoidaea. 
6, M. interarytaenoidaeus, (S.-D.). 
Fig. 9. The Larynx, posterior view. 
7, Interval between the Cc. arytae- 
noidaeae forming the posterior part 
of the Glottis. 
8, M. crico-arytaenoidaeus posterior. 
9, Mucous membrane—(membrana. 
mucosa) overlying the right half 
of the Larynx. 
10, A portion of the Trachea ; 
ab, the cartilaginous arch at its 
orifice ; c, membranous band which 
unites them behind. 
Plate VI. 
Fig. I. 
1 Nasal bone, O. nasale. 
2, (“labial”), premaxillary, O. pre 
maxillare. 
3, Maxillary, O. maxillare (superius). 
a, infraorbitale. 
4, malar bone, O. malare. 
a, p. frontalis. 
b, p. zygomaticus. 
5, frontal bone, O. frontis. 
a, p. angularis. 
6, Lig. trochleare. 
7, Ball of the eye ; 
b, sclerotic; 
c, iris; 
d, cornea. 
8, O. parietale,—parietal bone. 
9, M. temporalis, third head of. 
10, M. obliquus superior oculi; 
a, tendon of above reflected in its 
pulley 6. 
11, M. rectus superior. 
12, “ rectus externus. 
13, “ masseter, 3 head of. 
14, Mandibula,—mandible, or lower jaw. 
a, i. mentale,—mental foramen. 
b, condyle. 
c, p. angularis,—“angle.’ 
14, p. coronoideus,—coronoid process. 
15, p. zygomaticus. 
16, O. tympahicum,—tympanic bone. 
a, membrana tympani and the 
“manubrium mallei.” 
b, lug. stylo-maxillare. Plate YI. 
Explanatory Index. 
17, M. stylo-glossus. 
18, Superior part of the cephalic horn of 
the hyoid apparatus. 
19, O. mastoideum, (S.-D.). 
20, The hyoid apparatus and its laryngial 
horn. 
21, M. glosso-pharyngeus. 
22, “ genio-pharyngeus, (Winslow). 
23, “ hyo-glossus. 
24, “ genio-hyoideus. 
25, “ hyo-pharyngeus. 
26, “ constrictor pharyngeus inferior. 
27, membrana hyo-thyroidea. 
28, M. thyro-hyoideus. 
29, Thyroid cartilage,—C. thyroidea. 
30, M, crico-thyroideus. 
31, Superior part of the Trachea. 
32, M, sterno-thyroideus. 
33, Upper part of sesophagus. 
34, The tongue,—(lingua glossa). 
35, M. genio-glossus. 
36, “ pterygoideus internus. 
37, Exterior part of O. petrosum. 
38, lamboid crest and its prolongation. 
39, Posterior angle of p. transversus of 
atlas. 
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, summits pp. transversi 
of the last five cervical vertebrae. 
45, M. rectus capitis anticus major. 
46, “ “ “ lateralis. 
47, “ obliquus superior capitis. 
48, “ complexus, (S.-D.). 
49, “ intersectus, (S.-D.). 
50, M. intertransversaris. (Str.-Dur.). 
51, Mm. isosceles, (S.-D.). 
52, (“ Intercostellaires ” (Str.-Dur.).) 
53, M. intertransversaris, (S.-D.). 
54, Bodies, or Centra of vertebrae. 
55, Posterior origin of M. Splenius. 
56, Third fold of the apon. spinalis su- 
perficialis. 
57, Mm. plagio-antobliqui, (Str.-Dur.). 
(cervicis). 
58, M. scalenus tertius, (S.-D.) ; a, b, 
c, d, e, its heads. 
59, The ribs and false ribs. 
59', Cartilages of same. 
60, Mm. intercostales externi. 
61, M. retrahens (extremes) costae 
(S.-D.). 
62, Mm. intercostales interni. 
63, M. latitudinalis, (P. d’Abano). 
64, The Sternum. 
65, M. rectus abdominalis ; 
a, its raphes, b, its terminal tendon. 
66, M. caudo-rectalis, (Str.-Dur.). 
67, “ ischio-caudalis. (S.-D.). 
68, “ ilio-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
69, “ pubio-caudalis. (S.-D.). 
70, 0.-ilium. 
71, “ pubis. 
72, “ ischium. 
a, its tuberosity, “tuber ischii.” 
73, M. coxalis, (S.-D.). 
74, “ gemellus-anterior, (Cowper); 
75, “ epimeralis, (Str.-Dur.). 
76, “ pyriformis, (Spiegel). 
77, “ glutaeus and parameralis, origin 
of. 
78, “ obturator internus. 
79, “ gemellus posterior, (Cowper). 
80, “ obturator externus. 
81, O. femoris, or Femur. 
a, greater trochanter, 
b, lesser “ 
82, M. vastus-internus. 
83, “ promeralis, (Str.-Dur.). 
84, “ cruralis, (S.-D.). 
a, its terminal tendon. 
85, M. subcruralis, (Albinus). 
b, its terminal tendon. 
86, M. prismaticus, (S.-D.). 18 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate VI. 
87, Section of common tendon of M. 
promeralis 83 and M. vastus exter- 
nus. 
88, The “patella”,—Osc. patella. 
89, Patellan part of fern, tibial capsule, 
90, Lig. patello-crithoideum exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
91, Osc. crithoideum externum, (S.- 
D.). 
92, Lig. femoro-crithoideum externum, 
(S.-D.). 
93, Lig. tibio-fibulare supra-posterius 
(S.-D.). 
94, Osc. poplitaeum, (S.-D.). 
95, Lig. femoro-poplitaeum, (S.-D.). 
96, “ patellae 
97, “ capsulare femoro-tibiale. 
98, Tendon of origin of M. cneraodacty- 
lus, (Riolan). 
99, Lig. femoro-tibiale latero-exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
100, Epiphysis of the angle of 0.-tibia. 
101, M. gracilis; 
102, Aponeurotic expansion which connect 
this M. with 100. 
103, M. semimembranosus, 
a, tendon of origin of 103. 
b, terminal tendon. 
104, Attachment of M. curvatus, (S.-D) 
under the O. pubis to the tendon of 
origin of M. semimembranosus. 
105, 0.-tibia. 
106, 0.-fibula; 
a, its superior head, 
107, Lig. interosseum tibio-fibulare. 
108, “ tibio-fibulare infra anterius, 
(S.-D.). 
109, Neck or groove of “ malleolus ex- 
ternus ", in which the tendon of M. 
peronseus primus passes. 
110, Tuberosity of the “malleolus.” 
111, O. calcis. 
a, tuber calcis, 
b, its cuboid process, p. cuboideua. 
112, Pully of the 0.-astragalus. 
a, p. naviculare (astragali). 
113, Lig. tibio-calcaneum posterius, 
(S.-D.). 
114, Lig. astragalo-calcaneum dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
115, Lig. annulare-externum calcis, (S.- 
D.). 
116, Lig, astragalo-naviculare dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
117, O. naviculare. 
118, Lig. navo-epitrium dorsale, (S.-D.). 
119, O. epitrium, (S.-D.). = O. cunei- 
forme tertium. 
120, Lig. epitrio-111 metatarsals dor- 
sale breve, (S.-D.). 
121, Lig. epitrio-111 metatarsale dor- 
sale longum, (S.-D.). 
122, Lig. calcaneo-naviculare dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
123, Lig. cubo-V metat. externum, (S.-D.) 
124, “ epitrio cuboideum dorsale, (S.- 
D.). 
125, Lig. calcaneo-cuboideum externum 
(S.-D.). 
126, Lig. navo-cuboideum dors., (S.-D.). 
127, O, cuboideum. 
c, canal for the M. peronaeus primus. 
128, Lig. cubo-IV metat. dors., (S.D-.). 
128*. “ cubo-V metat. dors., (S.-D.). 
129, “ capsulare-V metarso-phalan- 
giale, (S.-D.). 
130, Lig. V metat.-sesamoideum extrn. 
(S.-D.). 
131, Lig. V metat-phalangiale extrn., 
(S.-D.). 
132, Lig. sesamo-phal., externum, 
(S.-D.). Plate VI. 
Explanatory Index. 
19 
133, The outer four 00. metatarsales, 
(-metarsal bones); 
a, O. secundum(ll) metatarsale. 
b, O. 11l metatarsale. 
c, O. IV metatarsale. 
d, O. V metatarsale. 
134, Lig. interphalangiale (primum) ex- 
ternum digiti pedis, (S.-D.). 
135, Primary phalanges of the toes. 
136, Lig. interphalangial ext. dig. ped. 
secundum, (S.-D.). 
137, Secondary phalanges. 
138, Tertiary “ 
Fig. 2. The Sternum and costal cartilages, with their ligaments and 
muscles. 
1-8, The bony pieces forming the. Ster- 
num. 
a, intersternal fibro-cartilages, or 
fibro-cartilagines intersternales, 
b, Ligs. supra-sternales, (S.-D.). 
9, “Ensiform appendix ”,-Xiphister- 
num; 
9', its posterior cartilaginous part. 
10, a-b, the ten cartilages of the sternal 
ribs. 
11, the cartilage of the asternal ribs. 
12, the cartilages of the three false ribs. 
13, Ligs. chondro-sternalis superiores, 
(S.-D.). 
14, M. sterno-costalis-interior, (S.-D.). 
15, part of the “ Diaphragm ” cut, 
Fig. B. Central part of Diaphragm seen from behind. 
1, The center of the Diaphragm, 
2, foramen venae cavae giving passage 
to V. cava. 
a, infra-internal edge. 
3, opening through ■which the CEsopha- 
gus passes. 
4, ‘ Leaflets ’ or wings, 
b, origin of Lig. suspensorium he- 
patis. 
5, Orifice which A-aorta traverses. 
6, 7, Left “ median pillars ”, 
8, Right “ “ 
9, ‘ ‘ Lateral pillars ”. 
10, Tendon common to the “pillars.” 
Fig. 4. The under side of anterior part of vertebral column, with posterior 
part of under side of head, and portions of the ribs. 
part of under side 
1, Anterior part, or “ transverse root ’ 
of the O. squamosum ; 
a, its “ glenoid fossa”. 
b, p. zygomaticus. 
c, p. postglenoidalis. 
d, “ longitudinal root 
2, O. basisphenoideum, 
3, its pteral processes, O. alisphenoid- 
eum. 
d, entrance of Eustachian tube. 
4, “ Auditory bullse,” generally considered 
to be a part of O. tympanicum. 
a, meatus anditorius externus. 
5, e, p. styloides. 
b, p. jugularis (S.-D.) (= p. paroc- 
cipitalis). 
i, f. lacerum posterius. 
6, O. basioccipitale. 
7, Ceppalic head of M. transverse— 
scapularis (Schreger). 20 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate YIL 
8, M. rectus capitis anticus major. 
9, Lig. atlo-capitis anterius super- 
iiciale, (S.-D.). 
10, M. rectus capitis anticus minor. 
11, M. obliquus capitis superior. 
12, “ rectus capitis lateralis, 
13, Lateral edge of p. transversus of the 
atlas. 
14, Infra-interior edge of same. 
15-19, the five compound muscles form- 
ing the series of M. longus-colli, 
(anterior; (S.-D.)). 
15, Ist head inserted upon the atlas ; 
16, 2d “ “ “ axis; 
17, 3d “ “ “ 3d cerv. vert; 
18,4 th “ “ “ body of 4th “ ; 
19, sth “ “ “ sth “ ; 
19', 6th “ “ “ 6th ; 
19", 7th “ “ 6th “ . 
20, 21, and 22, fibrocartilagines inter- 
vertebrales between the axis, the 3d, 
the 4th and the sth cervical vert. 
24, 25, and 26, M. scalenus primus. 
25, Tendon common to M. scalenus 
primus, (S.-D.) and M. isosceles pri- 
mus (S.-D.) (27) attached to the atlas. 
27, M. isosceles primus. (S.-D.). 
28, M. isosceles secundus, (S.-D.). 
30, Centrum (“ corps ”) of the atlas. 
31, p. antobliquus, (S.-D.) of the axis. 
32, Yertebrarterial canal of axis. 
33, 34, and 35, centra of axis and the 
two following vertebrae. 
36, 37, 38, 39, summits of the “ costil- 
laires ” (Str.-Dur.) processes of 3d. 
4th, sth, and 6th cerv. vert. 
40, M. scalenus tertius, (S.-D.). 
41, Mm. isosceles, tertius, quartus and 
quintus, (S.-D.). 
42, Centrum of 7th cerv. vert. 
43, M. accessorius ad longus-colli- 
inferior, (S.-D.). 
44, one of the heads of M. longus colli- 
(inferior (S.-D.).) formed by the union 
of the small bundles, 41. 
45, second head of same, 
48, portions of the first nine ribs, 
a, b, c, d, c, f g, h, i, 
49, M. longus colli (inferior, (S.-D.).) 
50, fibro cartilagines intervertebrales 
(dorsi). 
51, Lig. infravertebrales (S.-D.). 
52, lags, costo-vertebrales, (Bichat.) 
Plate VII. 
Fig. 1. Sixth Layer of Muscles; the o. malare has been removed by 
cutting the p. malaris (maxillaris), and the p. zygomaticus, (squa- 
mosif the mandibula has also been removed. 
1, O. nasale. 
2, “ premaxilare; a, dentes inciso- 
res or Incisives. 
3, O. maxilare (superius); 
b, maxi 110-frental suture ; 
c, its tuberosity at the angle of the 
orbit, 
d, suture with p. infraorbitalis 
(malaris), 
e, f. infraorbitale laid open; Plate VII. 
Explanatory Index. 
f, section of p. malaris, 
g, posterior tuberosity, 
h, D. caninus, 
i, “ molaris secundus, 
j, “ “ tertius, 
k, “ quartus, 
4, O. lacrymale. 
Z, The can. lacrymalis. 
5, O. frontis; 
a, its p. angularis ; 
s', its orbital lamina. 
6, O. parietale. 
7, “ Wormianum. 
7', O. super-occipitale. 
8, “ squamosum, 
a, p. zygomaticus cut. 
9, M. obliquus superior oculi, 
a, its reflected tendon. 
10, The globe of the eye. 
11, M. rectus superior (oculi). 
12, “ rectus externus. 
18, “ rectus inferior. 
14, “ obliquus inferior. 
15, “ pterygoideus externus,-“ Pallo- 
pien, (court),” cut at its insertion into 
the lower jaw; 
16, M. pterygoideus internus, also cut 
at its attachment to that bone. 
17, M. stylo-glossus. 
18, The tongue, (lingua, glossa). 
19, M. genio-glossus, cut at its origin 
upon the lower jaw. 
20, M. hyoglossus. 
21, Cephalic horn of Hyoid apparatus ; 
22, body of “ “ ; 
a, Laryngial horn “ “ ; 
23, C. thyroideas. 
d, membrana thyrodea. 
24, M. thyro-cricoideus. 
25, Part of the Trachea. 
26, Part of the CEsophagus 
27, M. hyopharyngeus. 
28, 28', M. constrictor pharyngis (in- 
ferior, (Albin)). 
29, Exterior part of O. petrosnm; 
if its p. styloideus (petrosi). 
J, O. tympanicum. 
Z, "meatus auditorius externus.” 
m, O. mastoideum ” or mastoid 
part of the “periotic.” 
n, Lig. stylo-maxillare. 
30, M. rectus capitis posticus minor. 
ah, lateral margin of the p. trans- 
versus of the atlas. 
31, M. rectus capitis posticus medius, 
(S.-D.). 
32, M. rectus capitis posticus major 
33, “ rectus capitis anticus minor. 
34, “ rectus capitis anticus major. 
35, “ obliquus capitis inferior. 
36, inferior heads of M. rectus capitis 
anticus major. 
37, M. plagio-antobliquus, (S.-D.), run- 
ning from the atlas to the fifth and 
sixth vertebrae, 
38, 38', those terminating upon the fourth 
and third vertebrae. 
39, Mm. intertransversales, running 
from the atlas to the third vertebra. 
40, centra of vertebrae. 
41, p. antobliquus of the third cervical 
vertebra. 
42, M. antobliquus-spinalis, (S.-D.). 
43, The p. antobliquus of the fourth 
cervical vertebra. 
44, 45, 46, 47, 48, extremities of the pp. 
transversales of the last five cervical 
vertebra. 
49, The posterior angle of p. costellaris, 
(S.-D.). of the sixth cervical vertebra. 
50, The Sternum. 
51, Ribs, (costa-ae). 22 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate YIL 
52, Mm. intercostales interim 
53, “• intercostales, (S.-D.). 
54, “ isosceles quartus et quintus, 
(S.-D,). 
55, M. scalenus tertius, (S.-D.). 
56, “ isosceles sextus, (S.-D.), , 
57, The last cervical M. intertransver- 
saris, (S.-D.). 
58, M. interspinalis. 
59, Frena of the Mm. spinales dorsi. 
60, 60', Fourth sheet of the apon. spinalis 
superficialis. 
61, Mm. plagio-antobliqui, (S.-D.) ; 
a, b, c, d, e, their last five long cer- 
vical heads. 
61', Second part of the fourth sheet of the 
apon. spinalis superficialis formed 
by the blending of the tendons of M. 
costo-spinalis, (S.-D.). and of M. 
lumbo-spinalis, (S.-D.). 
62, First dorsal head of the Mm. plagio 
antobliqui, (S.-D.). 
63, Mm. epicostales, (S.-D.). 
a, their tendon of origin, 
b, those of the Mm. costo-lumbares, 
(S.-D.). 
64, Mm. lumbo-spinalis, (S.-D.). 
65, M. psoas, (Str.-Dur.). ( Mm. psoas 
magnus and iliacus of anthrop, 
united); 
65', its iliac head. 
66, Mm. infra-intertransversares longi, 
(S.-D.), (lamborum). 
67, 0.-ilium, forming the prominence of 
the hip. 
68, Prolongation upon the tail of the apon. 
spinalis superficialis. 
69, Prominence of the first Mm. super- 
intertransversares, (S.-D.), caudae, 
covered by the apon. spinalis super- 
ficialis ; 
69', continuation of the series. 
70, The Mm. plagio-antobliqui, (S.-D.), 
caudae also covered by the apon. 
spinalis superficialis; 
70', their united tendons. 
71, Mm. infra-sub-transversares medii, 
(S.-D.). 
72, “ M.infra-plagio-transversares longi 
et plagio-mamillares longi, (S.-D.). 
73, M. caudo-rectalis, (S.-D.). 
74, “ ischio-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
75, “ pubio-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
76, “ cruralis, (S.-D.). c, its tendon 
forming a lamina between M. vastus 
externus and M. vastus internus. 
77, M. epimeralis, (S.-D.). 
78, “ gastrocnemius anterior, (Str.- 
Dur.) ; 
79, M. ilio-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
80, M. gastrocnemius posterior, (Str.- 
Dur.); 
a, its tendon. 
81, 0.-ischium. 
82, “ Pubis; a, f. obturatorium. 
83, “ femoris ; 
a, greater trochanter; b, lesser tro- 
chanter. 
84, M. vastus internus ; 
c, the septum, cut, which fastens it 
to the M. vastus externus and 
forms the tendon'of the M. cru- 
ralis, (S.-D.). 76. 
85, The “Patella.’ 
86, M. subcruralis, (Albinus) ; 
a, its tendon. 
87, Lig. patellae. 
88, Osc. crithoideum externum, (S.-D.). 
89, Lig. femoro-crithoideum-externum, 
(S.-D.). 
90, Lig, femoro-tibiale latero-externum, 
(S.-D.) Plate YIL 
Explanatory Index. 
23 
91, Portion of the tendon of origin of M. 
cnemodactyleus, (Riolan). 
92, Osc. poplitaeum, (S.-D.). 
93, Lig. femoro-popliteeum, (S.-D.). 
94, C. semilunaris externa. 
95, Lig. adiposum. 
96, Head of 0.-Tibia, 
a, its “epiphysis ”, 
b, its angle. 
Fig. 2. Left part of the inferior surface of the Thorax with the arm, to 
exhibit the pectoral muscles from below. 
1-8, The eight pieces of the Sternum. 
a, a portion of the cartilages of the 
ribs—Cc. costales (right side). 
I), the last of the cartilages reaching 
the Sternum. 
c, Ligs. chondro-sternales infe- 
riores, (S.-D.). 
d, Ligs. infrasternales, (S.-D.). 
9, “ ensiform appendix,” the hipis- 
ternum. 
10, M. clavo-cucullaris, (S.-D.). 
11, “ claviculo-deltoideus, (S.-D.). 
12, Raphe covering the 0.-clovicula. 
13, First head of the M. pecto-antebra- 
chialis, (S.-D.). 
14, M. pectoralis latus, (Bourgelat). 
15, second head of M. pecto-antebra- 
chi Calis, (S.-D.). 
16, M. triceps (externus), (S.-D.). 
17, 17', M. pectoralis magnus, (S.-D.). 
18, M. supinator longus. 
19, apon. abdominis. 
20, M. obliquus externus abdominis. 
21, “ dermo-humeralis, (Cuv). 
Fig. 3. The posterior part of the Head and the Atlas seen from behind, 
to exhibit the Ligaments of the Alto-cephalic articulation. 
1, a, b, c, i, a, O. superoccipitale. 
2, 00. exoccipitales ; 
d, occipital condyles; 
e, e, pp. jugulares, (S.-D.) = pp. 
paroccipitales., 
3, f. magnum, closed by the Lig. atlo- 
capitale posterius medium profun- 
dum, (S.-D.). 
4, Lig. atlo-capitale transversum pos- 
terius profundum, (S.-D.) 
5, The atlas, 
f, f, pp. antobliqui. (S.-D.). 
gh, gh, pp. transversi, (“ transverses 
etplagienues reunies ”, Str.-Dur.). 
i, tuberosity representing the p. 
spinosi. 
j, groove of the f. atloideum, (S.-D.). 
a part of the can. vertebrarteri- 
alis, (Owen). 
l, I, arthrodial facets of the pp. pos- 
tobliqui, (S.-D.). 
m, m, foramen communicating with 
the can.vertebrarterialis, (Owen). Explanatory Index. 
Plate YIL 
Fig. 4. The o. exoccipitale, (Owen,) and the o. basi-occipitale, (Owen), 
seen from behind, with the first four cervical vertebrae of which the 
can. vertebralia is posteriorly laid open to exhibit the ligaments 
contained therein. 
1, 1, 00. exoccipitales, (Owen). 
a, a, the occipital condyles; 
b, bf the pp. jugulares, (S.-D.) = pp. 
paroccipitales, (Owen). 
2, posterior margin of O. basioccipi- 
tale, (Owen). 
3, 3, The atlas. 
Cf section of the “lamina,” (neura- 
pophysis, (Owen)). 
df dotted outline of the can. verte- 
brarterialis, Owen, with its branch 
which run into the can. verte- 
bralis. 
4, 5, The axis; 
4, p. odontoideus, “p. dentatus ” ; 
e, e, arthrodial facets of the pp. anto- 
bliqui; 
/, f pp. tansverai; 
g, g, section of the “lamina”; 
if if can. vertebrarterialis, (Owen). 
6, 7, The third and fourth cervical ver- 
tebrae, lettered as 5. 
8, Lig. atlo-capitale posterius medium 
profundum, (S.-D.). 
9, Lig. occipito-dentatum laterale,(S.- 
D.). 
10, Lig. transversum atlantis, (S.-D.). 
11, “ axo-atloideum obliquum, (S.-D.). 
12, Fibrocartilagines intervertebrales, 
(Bichat). 
13, Lig. supra-vertebrale, (S.-D.). 
Fig. 5. The Pelvis and first four caudal vertebrae viewed from above 
1, 2, 3, The three sacral vertebrae. 
4, 5, 6, 7, Caudal vertebrae; 
a, their “neural spines,” or (pp. 
spinosi). 
if b, pp. autobliqui, with their ar- 
throdial facets; 
Cf Cf pp. postobliqui; 
d, df “ transversi; 
e, e, “ plagici, (S.-D.). 
8, The pelvic bones, together called the 
“ Os innominatum ” ; 
ff, “iliac crest ”; 
g, g, tuberosities of the posterior iliac 
spine; 
M, hi, “ cotyloid cavities 
k, kf “ ischiatic cavities ” ; 
l, I, O. ischium. 
m, Lig. arcuatum fnterischiaticum, 
(S.-D.). 
0, Of b. obturatorium. 
9, 9', 9”, Lig. sacro-iliacum superiua, 
(S.-D.), Plate YII. 
Explanatory Index. 
25 
Fig. 6. The vertebral column from the ninth dorsal vertebra to the extremity 
of the tail, with portions of ribs, viewed from below. 
1, The last five dorsal vertebrae; 
2, parts of ribs corresponding to them. 
3, Ligs. costo-vertebrales, (Bichat). 
4, Lig. infra vertebrale, (S.-D.). blend- 
ed towards its posterior part a, with 
the tendons of origin of M. psoas, 
(S.-D.). and of Mm. infra inter- 
transversales lumborum, (S.-D.); 
5, anterior superficial part of the latter 
muscles. 
6, Tendonous frenum running from M. 
psoas parvus in front and outside 
to its attachment to the summit of 
the p. transversus of the second 
lumbar vertebra. 
7, 7', M. psoas, (S.-D.), and its iliac head. 
8, B', 8", 8'", 8"", extremities of the 
heads of origin of the M. psoas (S- 
D.), and of the M. psoas parvus, 
attached to the centra of the lumbar 
vertebrae from the second to the sixth. 
9, 9', Continuation of the Lig. infra- 
vertebrale lumborum, (S.-D.). 
10-19, Mm. infra-intertransversales lon- 
gi lumborum, (S.-D.); 
10, head running from the second to the 
seventh lumbar vertebra; 
11, 11', musculous mass situated under 
the extremities of the pp. transversi, 
and extending from the fourth to the 
seventh lumbar vertebra; 
15, head attached to the antero-posterior 
pp. transversi of the lumbar vertebrae 
16, tendon for ning the second origin of 
posterior heads; 
17, 17', internal heads attached to the 
sixth lumbar vertebra. 
18, Inferior surface of the centra of the 
vertebra}. 
19, 19', 19", heads (of 10-19, see above) 
arising upon the centra of the last 
three lumbar vertebrae ; 
a, their insertion upon the 0.-ilium. 
20, M. psoas parvus. 
21, 23, The centra of the last two lumbar 
vertebrae, 
a, fibro cartilagines interverte- 
brales. 
24, 25, 26, The three sacral vertebrae, 
a, their “ fibro cartilagines inter- 
vertebrales,” 
b, if. sacrales inferiores. 
c, pp. transversi, 
d, pp. plagici, (S.-D.). 
27, First caudal vertebra, lettering same 
as above. 
28, Centra of other concealed caudal verte- 
brae ; 
29, those of the free vertebrae; 
30, their pp. plagici, (S.-D.). 
31, M. pyriformis, (Spiegel). 
32, “ ischio caudalis, (S.-D.). 
33, “ paremeralis ”, (S.-D.). 
34, 34', M. infra plagio-transversares 
longi et plagio-mamillares, (S.-D.). 
of the tail united. 
35, the “ costettes ” (S.-D.), or rudiments 
of ribs. 
36, 36', 36", 36'", M. infra interverte- 
brales (caudse). 
37, Mm. infra plagio-mamillares breves, 
(S.-D.). 
38, 38', Mm. infra-plagio-transversa- 
res, (S.-D.). Explanatory Index. 
Plate YIII. 
Plate VIII. 
.Fig. 1. Seventh layer of the muscles of the trunk. There have heen removed 
the O. malare, the p. zygomaticus, the “mandibula,” the teeth (dentes), 
a part of the ribs, and the Mm. intercostellares, (S.-D.), represented 
in Fig. 3, to show the pp. costellares, (S.-D.), and to exhibit the 
muscles which are there attached. 
1, Dotted outline of the muzzle; 
a, the nose; 
b, upper lip ; 
c, lower lip. 
2, C. mesorhinalis. 
3, “ epirhinalis, (S.-D.), divided. 
4, O. premaxillare. 
5, “ nasale. 
6, 6',“ maxillare (superius). 
a, its orbital tuberosity ; 
b, its articular surface with the p. 
infra-orbitalis of O. malare ; 
c, its portion of the f. infra-orbitale ! 
6, section of its p. malaris. 
7, O. lacrymale. 
d, can. lacrymalis. 
8, O. palati. 
9, “ frontis, its “frontal plate” or 
portion, 
a, its p. angularis ; 
b, Lig. trochleare; 
c, tendon reflected from that of M. 
obliquus superior (oculi); 
9', “ temporal plate ” of O. frontis. 
10, O. ali sphenoideum. 
( p. pterygoideus internus, 
a, ■< 
( p. omoideus, (S.-D.). 
b, p. pterygoideus (externus). 
{f. sphenoideum, (S.-D.), 
I f. lacerum anterius. 
d, f. rotundum. 
e, f. ovale. 
11, O. pariatale. 
12, O. wormianum, 
13, O. squamosum; 
b, p. zygomaticus divided ; 
a, posterior longitudinal root of the 
latter ; 
e, pts p. glenoideus, and f. ovale of 
the O. alisphinoideum. 
14, O. superoccipitale. 
15, Exterior part of the O. petrosum. 
a, its p. styloides. 
16, O. tympanicum,—“ auditory bulla 
17, “ mastoideum. 
18, 18', O. basihyal”; 
18, Hyoid apparatus. 
a, O. ceratohyal”. 
b, “ epihyal 
c, “ stylohyal 
d, “ thyrohyal 
19, C. thyroidea; 
ае, its superior branch; 
b, mem. hyo-thyroidea ; 
с, its inferior branch; 
e, Lig. hyo-thyroideum laterale. 
20, C. cricoidea; 
a, mem. thyro-cricoidea, (S.-D.). 
c, Lig. thyro-cricoideum laterale, 
(S.-D.). 
21, Superior portion of the Trachea. 
22, Superior portion of the CEsophagus. 
23, Globe of the Eye. 
24, The transparent cornea. 
25, The Tongue. Plate YIIL 
Explanatory Index 
26, Lateral margin of the p. transversus 
of the atlas. 
27, p. antobliquus (prezygapophysis, 
Owen.) of the third cervical vertebra; 
28, that of the fourth. 
29, 30, 31, 32, 33, extremities of the pp. 
transversi of the last five cervical 
vertebrae. 
34, 35, pp. plagici (S.-D.). of the fourth 
and fifth dorsal vertebrae ; 
36, 37, those of the ninth and tenth. 
38, Portions of the ten complete (“true”) 
ribs. 
39, Portions of the three incomplete ribs 
(“ false ribs ”). 
40, Bones of the Pelvis, (“ os innomina- 
tum”, anthrop.), 
a, antero-superior iliac spine ; 
h, postero-inferior “ “ ; 
c, antero-inferior “ “ ; 
d, epiphysis of 0.-ilium; 
/, “ ilio-pectinial eminence 
g, ischiatic spine ; 
bg, ilio-sacral sulcus; 
gu, ischiatic sulcus; 
i, “ cotyloid cavity ”; 
k, its rugous part; 
j, spine of the 0.-pubis ; 
hj, symphysis of the 00.-pubis et- 
ischiium). 
Im, cotyloid arch; 
n, ischiatic tuberosity; 
o, f. obturatorium; 
pq, Lig. cotyloideum; 
r, “ interarticulare coxo-femo- 
rale. 
41, mem. mucosa of the back of the 
mouth on the left side, 
d, a fold of the same membrane 
covering the anterior margin of thep. 
coronoideus of the “mandibula”. 
42, M. glosso-epiglotticus. 
43, “ lingualis longitudinalis. 
44, A portion of the M. rectus supe- 
rior (oculi). 
46, A portion of M. rectus externus 
(oculi). 
47, M. obliquus inferior (oculi). 
48, A portion of M. rectus inferior. 
49, M. obliquus superior (oculi). 
50, “ elevator oculi ) Each is a part 
parvus, (St.-Dur.). of the M. cho- 
-51, “ abductor “ anus of zootom- 
-52, “ detractor “ J ists. 
54, M. peristaphilinus externus. 
55, “ stylo-pharyngeus. 
56, “ constrictor pharyngis (supe- 
rior, (Albin). 
57, M. peristaphylinus (internus). 
58, A portion of the M. stylo-glossus- 
-59, M. genio-glossus, cut at its origin. 
60, Second head of the M. hyoglossus, 
61, 61', M. hyopharyngeus. 
62, “ constrictor pharyngis (supe- 
rior, (Albin)). 
63, M. intercostellaris, (Str.-Dur.). 
64, M. rectus capitis anticus minor. 
65, “ obliquus capitis superior. 
66, “ rectus capitis posticus major. 
67, “ buccinator (-M. bucco-pharyn- 
geus (Courcelles)). 
68, M. longus colli anterior. 
69, “ obliquus capitis inferior. 
70, 70', Mm. intertransversares colli. 
71, p. costellaris, (S.-D.), of the 4th 
cerv. vert. 
72, Mm. antobliquo-spinales-(colli), (S.- 
D.). 
74, p. costellaris, (S.-D.), of 6th cerv. 
vert.. 
75, raphes of the cervical spinal processes. 
76, M. interpostobliquus (colli), (S.-D.). 28 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate YIII 
77, “ cord ” of the 6th cerv. vert.. 
78. M. interspinalis (colli), (S.-D.). 
83, Frsena of the M. spinalis dorsi, a, b, 
c, d, making part of the third sheet 
of the apon. spinalis and upon which 
the M. intersectus, (S.-D.), arises. 
84, M. spinalis dorsi. 
85, Tendon of origin of the M. corn- 
plexus, (S.-D.), (=pars m. corn- 
plexus major). 
a, its superior branch, attached to the 
p. spinalis of the following vertebra 
86, and making part of the apon. spi- 
nalis profondus ; 
b, inferior branch of same inserted 
upon the p. autobliquus, (S.-D.). 
c, origin of the m. complexus, (S.- 
D.). 
87, Origins of the M. intersectus, (S.-D.). 
91, Portions of the long heads of the M. 
plagio-autobliqui (colli) posteri- 
ores, (S.-D.). 
92, a, b, c, d, e, heads of secondary length 
arising from the last five cervical 
vertebrae, 
93, a part of the same set of muscles of 
the dorsal region; 
94, the posterior dorsal bundles and those 
of the lumbar region ; 
a, their anterior, tendons; 
95, those of the sacral and caudal regions. 
96, 96', Mm. super-intertransversares 
longi (caudae), (S.-D.). 
97, M. lumbo-plagicus (lumbalis) (S.-D.). 
98, M. infra-plagio-transversaris me- 
dius, (S.-D.), caudae. 
99, Origin of the Mm gluteus (maximus), 
pyriformis, ischio-caudalis and pa- 
remeralis. 
100, M. subcaudalis, (S.-D.). 
101, “ ilio-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
102, “ pubio-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
103, “ caudo-rectalis, (S.-D.). 
104, Mm. isosceles quartus et quintus, 
(S.-D.). 
105, M, isosceles sextus, (S.-D.). 
106, “ longus colli (inferior, (S.-D. ). 
107, Origins of the Mm. costo-spinalis, 
(S.-D.). 
108, Mm. costo-lumbares, (S.-D.). 
109, “ super-costales parvi, (Ver- 
heyen). 
110, External margin of a tendon common 
to the Mm. lumbo-plagicus, (S.-D.). 
(97), and 
111, M. lumbo-transversares, (S.-D.). 
113, “ psoas parvus, b, its tendon. 
114, Mm. infra-intertransversares lon- 
gi, (S.-D.) (lumborum); 
115, the posterior head of 114; 
117, The posterior portion of the M. 
obliquus internus (abdominis); 
acb, superior crural arch; 
bcik, median crural arch, 
c, origin of a fibrous bundle running 
to the pelvis.; 
g, lamina of the “median pillar ” b, 
running to the tendon of M. psoas 
parvus h ; 
k, lamina running from the “pillar” 
i, to the 0.-pubis. 
118, Posterior portion of the second sheet 
of the apon. abdominis, tendon of 
the M. obliquus internus ('abdom- 
inis). 
119, Posterior portion of the first sheet of 
the apon. abdominis, tendon of the 
M. obliquus externus, and contain- 
ing the inguinal or abdominal ring 
(“annulus abdominalis), edg; 
d, its “ internal pillar”; 
e, its “ external pillar ”, Plate Yin. 
Explanatory Index. 
29 
Fig. 2. Eighth lager of the muscles of the trunk. The parts removed, in 
addition to those removed in Fig, 1, are the 00. pre-maxillare and 
maxillare (superius), all the ribs and the left part of the pelvis. 
1, C. mesorhinalis, 
a, C. epirhinalis, (S.-D.), 
d, vertical crest of the former. 
2, O. maxilloturbinale, (Owen). 
fg. its lamella which fixes it to O. 
maxillare (superius); 
h, its posterior extremity; 
d, the convolutions ; 
e, upright plate. 
3, Ethmoidal cells, or sulci, 
3', portions of these cells which pene- 
trate the frontal sinus. 
3", the vertical lamina of the right O. 
nasale. 
3"', “lamella plana ” (ethmoidalis). 
4, O. orbitosphenoideum, (Owen), 
united with the O. presphenoideum, 
(Owen). 
abef, O. orbitosphenoideum, (Owen); 
c, f. lacerum-anterius; d, f. opti- 
cum; 
dm. sulcus for nervus maxillaris. 
5, Frontal lamella of the O. frontis; 
f, p. metopium. (S.-D.). (“nasal 
eminence ’’) containing the frontal 
sinus; 
g, p. angularis; 
gI, commencement of the curved tem- 
poral line ; 
s', orbital lamella of the O. frontis. 
6, O. alisphenoideum, (Owen). 
a, p. pterygoideus internus. 
e, f. ovale ; f f. rotundum; 
6', (p. pteralis S.-D.). 
7, O. parietale. 
8, O. Wormianum; 
mr, “wormian crest”; nr, “ lamb- 
doid crest ” 
9, Exterior portion of O. petrosum; 
a, f. stylo-mastoideum ; 
b, p. styloides ; 
i, “ ascendens, (S.-D.). 
10, O. exoccipitale; 
d, p. paroccipitalis. 
a, Lig. atlo-capitale transversum 
posterius superficiale, (S.-D.). 
b, Lig. atlo-capitale laterale, (S.-D.). 
11, O. superoccipitale, (Owen). 
12, “ lacrymale, a, its can. lacrymalis. 
13, Internal margin of the O. premaxil- 
lare, and of its p. palatinus. 
14, O. palati; abihn, its orbito-nasal la- 
mella ; 
d, f. spheno-palatinum, (S.-D.); 
e, orifice of the can. palatinus pos- 
terior ; i, orifice of the can. pala- 
tinus anterior ; 
14', antero-external margin of the pala- 
tine lamella of the left O. palati 
articulated with the O. maxillare 
(superius) which is removed. 
15, O. vomeris. 
16, Internal margin of the palatine lam- 
ella of the right O. maxillare (su- 
perius). 
17, be, a portion of the skin forming the 
contour of the nose and upper lip; 
c, its superior cut margin; 
b, the upper lip (labium superius) Explanatory Index. 
Plate Till 
18, Superior incisives (Dd. incisores 
superiores). 
19, O. squamosum ; 
m, part of its p. zygomaticus ; 
im, longitudinal “root” of the latr 
ter; 
opt, the p. posterior, (squamosi); 
off, the “squamous suture ”. 
20, O. tympanicum. 
a, f. stylo-mastoideum; 
cd, “manubrium mallei,” or 
“ handle ” of the Osc. malleum ; 
c, tympani, (S.-D.)”. 
21, O. mastoideum; 
bd, p. paroccipitalis. 
22, Alveolar margin of the right O. max- 
illare (sup.). 
23, The right D. caninus. 
24, Right pillar of the “ vellum pendu- 
lum palati ” in the cavity of the 
mouth. 
25, O. basihyoideum, (Owen). 
26, Cephalic horn of the hyoid apparatus; 
a, the lateral cartilage upon which 
the cephalic branch of the hyoid ap- 
paratus is articulated, ((?)“ tympano 
hyal ” (Flower).). 
b, “ cerato-hyal ” ) the three osseous 
c, “ epi-hyal ” I comprised 
’ 1 J jin the “cephalic 
d, “ stylo-hyal ” J horn. 
e, the cartilaginous part which at- 
taches it to the p. styloides of O. 
petroseum; 
27, Laryngial horn of the same. 
28, Anterior margin of the right half of 
the C. thyroidea, the left half be- 
ing removed. 
29, c, cricoidea, entire; 
a, mem. thyro-cricoidea. 
30, Inferior part of the “ epiglottis ”. 
31, A portion of the “trachea ”, 
32, The atlas, ab, its p. transversus; 
c, f. atloideum, (S.-D.). 
d, Lig. axo-atloideum posterius 
superficiale (S.-D.). 
e, f. intervertebrale. 
33, The axis ; a, its p. spinosus, or neu- 
ral spine; 
c, can. vertebrarterialis, (Owen). 
d, extremity of the p. transversus. 
34, Third cervical vertebra ; 
a, extremity of the p. transversus; 
c, f. intervertebrale, 
35, Fourth cervical vertebra. 
a and c, same as on 34. 
b, p. costellaris, (S.-D.). 
36, Fifth cervical vertebra; lettered as3s. 
37, Sixth cervical vertebra. 
a, p. transversus; 
b, b', the two branches of the p. cos- 
tellaris, (S.-D.). 
d, p. antobliquus, (S.-D.). 
38, Seventh cervical vertebra. 
a, p. transversus. 
b, p. antobliquus, (S.-D.). 
c, f. intervertebrale. 
39-41, The first three dorsal vertebrae. 
a, p. transversus bearing the articu- 
lar facet for the rib. 
b, p. antobliquus, (S.-D.). 
c, f. intervertebrale. 
d, p. plagicus, (S.-D.). 
42, 43, The next seven dorsal vertebrae. 
a, arthrodial facet with which the 
head of the rib articulates. 
b, p. transversus. 
c and d as on 39-41. 
e, “ fibro-cartilage intervertebrale”- 
44, Three dorsal vertebrae, bearing only in- 
complete ribs; 
a, cavities for articulation with the 
incomplete ribs. Plate VIII. 
Explanatory Index 
31 
b, c, d, as on 43; /, same as 43, e. 
e, p. antobliquus, (S.-D.). 
45, Lumbar vertebrae. 
b, c, d and e, as on 44. 
ff, lags, plagio-transversalea, (S.- 
D.). g, Lig. intertransversares. 
46, pp. transversares (sacri). 
jh, arthrodial facets; 
g, Lig. interosseum sacro-iliacum 
superius, (S.-D.). h, Lig. interos- 
seum sacro-iliacum medius, (S.-D.). 
i, Lig. interosseum sacro-iliacum 
inferius, (S.-D.). 
47, 48, the last two sacral vertebrae. 
b, d, and e, same as on 44 ; 
49, The caudal vertebrae. 
b, d, and e, same as on 44; 
bd, Mm. infra-plagio-transversales 
breves, (S.-D.). 
i, pp. postobliqui, (S.-D.). 
50, The tongue. 
51, M. stylo-glossus cut. 
52, “ hyo-glossus “ 
53, “ peristaphilinus externus. 
54, “ genio-glossus cut at its origin. 
55, “ glosso-epiglotticus. 
56, “ cerato-hyoideus, (S.-D.). 
57, “ constrictor pharyngis (superior, 
Albin). 
58, “ thyro-arytenoideus. 
59, “ crico-arytenoideus lateralis. 
60, “ plagio-antobliquus, (S.-D.) (axis). 
61, “ crico-arytenoideus posterior. 
62, “ longus colli (anterior), (S.-D.). 
63, “ rectus capitis posticus minor. 
64, Lig. capsulare (axo-atloideum). 
65, “ capsulare between the third cervi- 
cal vertebra and the axis. 
66, “cord ” of the 6th cervical vert.. 
67, M. longus colli inferior; 
68, its principle anterior head cut. 
69, 69', 69", 69'", 69"", 69'"", Mm. an- 
tobliqui-spinales, (S.-D.) colli. 
72, Lig. infravertebrale, (S.-D.). 
74, Origins of the M. intersectus, (Str.- 
Dur.), 
ad, frsena from which it arises; 
df, tendonous tongues making part of 
the 
75, apon. spinalis profundus, (S.-D.). 
76, e, Mm. inter-spinales; 
d, raphes which separate them. 
77, Mm. antobliqui-spinales lumbo- 
rum, (S.-D.). 
77', Mm. antobliqui-spinales caudae, 
(S.-D.). 
79, 79", 79'", isolated heads of the Mm. 
plagio-antobliqui, (S.-D.). 
80, Fifth sheet of the apon. spinalis su- 
perficiale raised, it being formed by 
the union of the terminal tendons of 
the Mm. plagio-antobliqui, (S.-D.), 
a, b, c, d. 
81, Portions of the Mm. costo-spinales, 
(S.-D.). 
82, Second layer, also raised, of the fourth 
sheet of the apon. spinale superfici- 
ale, formed by the union of the ten- 
dons of the Mm. costo-spinalis, 
(S.-D.), Mm. costa-lumbales, (S.- 
D.), and Mm. lumbo-spinales, (S.- 
D.). 
83, 84, Mm. infra-intertransversales 
longi, (S.-D.) lumborum. 
85, The right 0.-ilium. 
86, Mm. subvertebrales, (S.-D.) (cau- 
dae). 
89-107, The male genital organs. 
89, 89', M. caudo-cavernosus. 
90, “ caudo-analis, (S.-D.). 
91, the Rectum ; 
91', posterior extremity of same. 32 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate YIII. 
92, M. caudo-rectalis. 
93, “ transversus perinaei. 
94, “ sphincter ani internus. 
95, The Anus ; 
96, tegumentary ring surrounding the 
latter. 
97, M. penis, (Str.-Dur.). 
98, Gl. cowperi,-“ Cowpers glands ”. 
99, M. ischio-cavernosus, the left one 
cut; 
99', the right one. 
100, M. recto-cavernosus, (S.-D.). 
101, “ vesicalis, (S.-D.). 
a, fundus vesicse ; 
b, neck of the bladder. 
c, the left ureter cut. 
102, The Prostate (Gl. prostata.) 
103, M. sphincter urethrae. 
104, “ bulbo-cavernosus. 
105, Corpus-cavernosum; 
a, its left root cut. 
106, The Prepuce—(preputium). 
107, Gians penis. 
108, A portion of the apon. abdominis 
reaching to the 0.-pubis. 
109, a, Abdominal branch of 0.-pubis : 
b, f. obturatorium. 
c, pubico-ischic symphysis. 
Fig. 3. Ninth layer of muscles of the trunk ; there have been removed 
besides parts removed in last figure, the anterior part of the left 
O. frontis, the left 00. lacrymale, palati and squamorum, the cephalic 
horns of the hyoid apparatus, and the frontal sinus, the sphenoidal 
sinus and the tympanum have been opened. 
1, C. mesorhinalis. 
2, Ethmoidal cells (or sulci) of left side ; 
agef, the “ superior mass ”, of which 
the posterior extremity penetrates into 
the frontal sinus ; 
ef, transverse lamella serving as a 
base for the “ cells 
b, “ ossicula Bertini” or sphenoidal 
cornua, penetrating a little into the 
sphenoidal sinus; 
cdfe, the ‘ ‘ anterior mass 
3, C. epirhinalis, (S,-D.) cut, 
4, O. maxilloturbinale, (Owen). 
5, The under side of the O. nasale, partly 
cut longitudinally. 
6, The left sphenoidal sinus, laid open, 
ac, O. orbitosphenoideum, (Owen). 
c, f. opticum; 
d, f. lacerum anterius. 
7, “frontal lamella” of O. frontis; 
abc, a section of its external part 
raised to exhibit the frontal sinus 7' ; 
d. , orifice of communication between 
the two sinuses; 
e, posterior fossa, 
7”, orbital and temporal lamella of the 
bone, the former cut in front along 
the line ed, to exhibit the “ O. eth- 
moideum”. 
8, O. alisphenoideum; 
d, f, lacerum anterius. 
e, f. rotundum; /, p. pteralis,(S.-D.)- 
g, its posterior branch concealed, ar- 
ticulating in front with the O. squa- 
mosum 11, which is removed, the O. 
tympanicum 14, and the O. petro- Plate Yin. 
Explanatory Index. 
33 
sum 12, so as to be continuous -with 
the inferior margin of the tentorium; 
h, the p. pterygoideus-internus. 
9, O. parietale. 
10, “ wormianum. 
11, Lateral opening of the cranium, where 
belongs the O. squamosum. 
12, 13, 14, The “ Tympanum,” opened on 
the outer side by removing the ex- 
ternal half of the O. tympanicum 14, 
and of the O. mastoideum 13. 
12, Infra-external surface of the O. petro- 
sum, forming the median part of the 
ceiling of the “drum”; b, fenestra 
cochlearis; d, fenestra vestibula- 
ris; e, p. rhincoideus, (S.-D.). 
m, M. Eustachii; 
12', Exterior part of the O. petrosum. 
13, The mastoid cavity of the tympanum 
laid open; a, the partition which 
separates it from the ‘ ‘ drum ” proper 
14. 
14, The ‘ ‘ drum” of the tympanum opened; 
ahf, lamella forming the internal in- 
ferior part of the wall of the “ drum”, 
separating it from the “ mastoid cav- 
ity ” 13, and covering the lower half 
of the O. petrosum, thus masking 
the corresponding part of the “ pro- 
montory ”; ac, osseous part of the 
eustachian tube ; c, its guttural ori- 
fice; b, the fenestra cochlearis cut 
in two by the partition abf; ak, M- 
folianus, (Str.-Dur.). 
15, 00. super-occipitale and exoccipi- 
tale, (Owen). 
ae, Lig. alto-capitale posterius, (S.- 
D-); d, Lig. capsulare (alto-capi- 
tale). 
16, Internal margin of the right O. pre- 
maxillare; 
a, its Dd. incisores. 
17, internal marginof the palatine lamella 
of the right O. maxillare (superius); 
17', alveolar border of the same; 
a, b, c, d, its Dd. molares; 
18, its D. caninus. 
19, Internal margin of the palatine lamella 
of the right O. palati. 
20, O. vomeris. 
21, fossae nasales. 
22, The hyoid apparatus “ 00. hyoides ” 
ab, its laryngian branch; c, M. hyo- 
epiglotticus; e, margin of the right 
mem. hyo-thyroidea cut. 
23, “ Lingual” horn of the hyoid appar- 
atus, cartilaginous in the cat. 
24, The anterior cut margin of the right 
wing of the C. thyroidea, the left 
wing having been removed; b, Lig. 
thyro-arytenoideum; externum, (S.- 
D.). c, Lig. thyro - arytenoidaeum 
internum, (S.-D.), or the “vocal 
cord”. 
25, C. cricoideaja, its lateral tuberosity 
upon which is articulated the inferior 
branch of the C. thyroidea; b, pos- 
terior part, or “ chaton ” of cartilage; 
c, mem. thyro-cricoidea. 
26, The left C. arytenoidea ; a, its anterior 
angle; ie, the margin by which it is 
articulated with the “ chaton ”; d, 
external extremity of the cartilage. 
27, Epiglottis; c, M. hyo-epiglotticus. 
28, atlas; a, its centrum; b, its p. anto- 
bliquus, (S.-D.). cd, p. transversus; 
g, Lig. axo-atloideum posterius- 
profundum, (S.-D.}; h, orifice for the 
passage of the n. vertebralis. 
29, axis; ab, its p. spinosus; c, p. 
transversus; d, the prominence 
which forms the p. post-obliquus, 34 
Explanatory Index. 
Platf, VIII. 
(S.-D.), bearing the posterior articu- 
lar facet; f the axo-atloidian cap- 
sule; h and i, ff. inter vertebrates; 
m, Mm. intercostellares, (S.-D.); 
u, Lig. capsulare. 
30-34, The last five cervical vertebrae; 6, 
pp. transversi; c, pp. antobliqui, 
(S.-D.); d, p. postobliqui, (S.-D.); e, 
р. spinosus; /, “ centra ” of the 
vertebrae; i, f. intervertebrale ; k, 
Lig. interspinosum exteruum, (S.- 
D.); I, Lig. interspinosum internum, 
(S.-D.); n, lateral articular capsula. 
33, The sixth cervical vertebra, aa', its 
“ cord ”. 
35, 36, and 37, The dorsal vertebrae; a, the 
pp. transversi and antobliqui, (S.- 
D.); b, p. plagicus, (S.-D.); e, pp. 
spinosi; i, f. intervertebrale; k, 
(fibro cartilago intervertebralis); c, 
(of 37), pp. antobliqui,(S.-D.); a, (37), 
rudiments of pp. transvei'si. 
38, Lumbar vertebrae; a, pp. transversi; 
с, pp. antobliqui; b, e, i, and k, 
as above. 
39, Section of the p. trans versus, and 
the homologue of the rib,—pleura- 
pophysis (Owen), of the first sacral 
vertebra; a, section of the vertebra 
39; h, that of the homologue of the 
rib,-pleurapophysis, (Owen); c, p. 
antobliquus, (S.-D.); e, p. spinosus; 
fg, suture between the p. transver- 
sus and the “ pleurapophysis, 
(Owen); fh, articular facet for 0.- 
ilium ; g, ligamentary impressions. 
40, Second sacral vertebra; ah, section of 
its p. transversus; c, and e, as in 
38. 
41, Third Scici cil vctsbrji j cij same as 38j 
a.; b, c} e, and i, same as on 37. 
42—48, same lettering as 41. 
d, p. postobliquus, (S.-D.). 
49, Portions of the costae-ribs; a, their 
“heads”, h, “tuberosities”; m, their 
cut extremities. 
50, Portions of the incomplete ribs, (“ cos- 
tettes ”). The a, and m, as on 49. 
51, The right 0.-ilium. 
52, Symphysial margin of 0.-pubis and 
0.-ischium; a, f. obturatorium. 
53, 54, 55, Incomplete ribs, or costae. 
56, Superior part of the tongue (glossa) 
with its various integuments cut to 
exhibit 
57, the M. genioglosus, cut at its 
origin. 
58, M. glosso-epiglotticus. 
59, Mm. interpostobliqui, (S.-D.), (colli). 
GO, pp. spinosi of the cervical and dorsal 
vertebrae; ee, their Lig. supraspinosi 
(S.-D.); k, Lig. interspinosi ex- 
terni, (S.-D). 
61, M. interantobliquns, (S.-D.). 
62, Lig. transverso-costale externum 
(S.-D.). 
63, Mm, antobliquo-spinosi dorsi;(S.- 
D.); a, “long head”; h, medial 
head;” c, “short head”. 
64, The rectum cut. 
65, M. caudo-rectalis, (S.-D.). 
66, The anus. 
67—77, genital organs of the female 
cat. 
67, The vulva. 
68, M. sphincter ani internus. 
69, “ constrictor sacculi ani, (S.- 
D.). 
70, “ recto-vaginalis, (S.-D.). 
71, “ caudo-analis, (S.-D.) 
73, “ transversus perinaei. 
74, “ sphincter urethrae. Plate IX. 
Explanatory Index. 
35 
75, “ ischio-cavernosus, cut. 
76, The vagina, 
77, the urethra, (ductus urinarius), 
78, the urinary bladder, vesica uri- 
naria ; 
a, the ureter (ductus urinee), cut 
Plate IX. 
Fig. 1. The right anterior Limb, entire, with all its muscles ; showing the 
inner surface in the same position as in the preceding plates. 
1, The insertion of the M. serratus 
magnus upon the scapula. 
2, Aponeurosis covering the Mm. su- 
perspinatus and sub-scapularis, 
3, prolongation of same upon the latter 
muscle. 
4, M. teres major. 
5, “ pectoralis latus, (Bourgelat). 
6, Part of the M. sterno-brachialis 
(S.-D.) 
7, 7', Part of the M. pectoralis magnus, 
(S.-D.); e, part of its terminal ten- 
don. 
8, p. coracoideus. 
9, Part of M. latissimus dorsi ; abed,' 
arch formed by its tendon and under 
which the vessels and nerves of the 
arm pass ; a, pillar common to it and 
the tendon of M. teres major ; b, 
parts proper to M. latissimus dorsi; 
c, origin of M. triceps (internus), 
(S.-D.), 21; d, pillar common to it 
and M. pectoralis magnus, (S.-D.). 
10, Ligament which fastens M. anconeus 
medius, (S.-D.) to the scapula. 
11, The head of O. humeri. 
12, The trochiter (Chaus.), (greater tuber- 
osity). 
13, Bicipital arches. 
14, M. coraco-brachialis. 
15, 15', M. biceps (brachialis). 
16, Scapulo-humeral capsule. 
17, M. anconeus medius. 
18, “ triceps medius, (S.-D.). 
19, “ brachialis (anterior). 
20, Inferior extremity of O. humeri. 
21, M. triceps (internus, (S.-D.)). 
22, Part of M. claviculo-deltoideus. 
(S.-D.). 
23, M.-pronator radii teres. 
24, 25, 26, 27, M. flexor profundus 
perforans. 
28, 28', M- ulnaris, (S.-D.). 
29, The cut tendon of M. radialis exter- 
nus (secundus, (winslow)). 
30, The cut tendon of M. radialis (exter- 
nus) primus. 
31, Lig. phaco-I. metacarpale dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
32, Lig. trapezo-II metacarpale dor- 
sale, (S.-D.). 
33, M. abductor medius secundi digiti. 
34, Lig. armillare anterius (S.-D.). 
35, Eminence produced by the pisiforme. 
36, Lig. pisi-IV. metacarpale palmare 
(S.-D.). 
37, Osc. I. metacarpale. or first meta- 
carpale bone. 36 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate IX. 
38, Internal sesamoid bone of the thumb. 
39, Lig. I. metacarpo-sesamoideum in- 
ternum pollicis, (S.-D.). 
40, Lig. I. metacarpo-phalangiale in- 
ternum, (S.-D.). 
41, Lig. sesamo-phalangiale pollicis in- 
ternum, (S.-D.). 
42, Primary, or proximal phalanx of the 
Pollex; 
43, secondary phalanx; a, its claw. 
44, Lig. elasticum extensor internum 
of the secondary phalanx of the Pol- 
lex. 
45, O. tertium metacarpale. 
46, “ secundum metacarpale. 
47, M. adductor longus indicis; 
48, Tendon of the M. profundus running 
to the same digit, 
49, that of the third digit, 
50, that of the fourth digit, 
51, that of the fifth digit. 
52, Cartilaginous disk situated over the 
third metacarpo-phalangial capsule. 
53, First Phalanx of the index finger, 
O. primi phalangis digiti tertius), 
54, Lig. interphalangeum primum, 
55, Medial or second Phalanx, 
56, terminal part of the tendon of the 
M. extensor communis digiti, 
57, Lig. interphalangeum secundum, 
58, distal, or third Phalanx, 
59, claw. 
Fig. 2. The same limb showing the second layer of Muscles. 
1, I', Supra scapular border, 
2, insertion of M. serratus magnus, 
3, M. supraspinatus; a, its tendon; be, 
tendonons lamella -which separates it 
from the M. infraspinatus. 
4, M. infraspinatus; a, b, two of its 
aponeuroses of origin. 
5, O. humeri; 
6, the trochiter, or “ greater tuberosity ”, 
7, bicipital arch, or Ligament, 
8, the trochin, or “lesser tuberosity”, 
9, articular head of the O. humeri. 
10, M. coraco-brachialis ; a, its tendon. 
11, M. biceps (brachii); b, its tendon. 
12, Ligament attaching the M. anconeus 
medius to the scapula. 
13, M. anconeus medius. 
14, “ anconeus internus. 
15, “ triceps medius. 
16, Inferior parts of the O. humeri; a, 
the epitrochlea. 
17, liig. humero-cubitale latero-inter- 
num. 
18, Part of M. brachialis. 
19, “ “ “ delto-clavicularis. 
20, Internal humeral branch of lag. coro- 
narium. 
21, M. supinator brevis. 
22, 25, M. profundus ; 22, first head; 23, 
second head; 24, fourth head; 25, 
third head. 
26, Tendon of M. cercialis (Str.-Dur.). 
27, Inferior extremity of the Radius; a, 
its head. 
28, Origin of the Lig. armilare posterium 
upon the O. ulna. 
29, Lig. radio-scaphoideum internum 
(S.-D.). 
30, Lig. capsulare radio-carpiale. 
Between 30 and 31, the Lig. scaphopha- 
coideum internum, (S.-D.). 
31, O. phacoideum. Plate IX. 
Explanatory Index. 
37 
Between 31 and 46 is the Lig. phaco- 
I-metacarpiale dorsale. 
32, O. trapezium. 
33, “ trapezoideum. 
34, “ pisiforme. 
35, Lig. pisi-hypothenateum, (S.-D.). 
36, “ trapezo-trapezoideum dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
41, Lig. pisi-IV metacarpale palmare, 
(S.-D.). 
42, Lig. trapezo-I metacarpale dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
46, O. metacarpale primum, (-1. meta- 
carpale.) 
47, O. metacarpale secundum (11. me- 
tacarpale.) 
48, O. metacarpale tertium (111. meta- 
carpale.) 
49, O. metacarpale quartum (-IV. meta- 
carpale.) 
50, O. metacarpale quintum (V. meta- 
carpale.) 
51, Internal sesamoid bone of the thumb, 
-(Osc. sesamoideum internum 
pollicis). 
52, Primary Phalanx of the thumb. 
53, Lig. elastico-extensum internum 
111 phalangis, (S.-D.). 
54, Claw of the thumb, 
55, bony sheath of the claw. 
56, Lig. interphalangianum primum in- 
ternum, (S.-D.). 
57, Lig. V metacarpo-sesamoideum in- 
ternum, (S.-D.). 
58, Lig. V metacarpo-II phalangiale 
internum, (S.-D.). 
59, Lig. sesamo-II phalangiale inter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
60, Lig. capsulare-11 metacarpo-II pha- 
langiale, (S.-D.). 
61, Lig. sesamoideum internum indi- 
cis, (S.-D.). 
62, Lig. II metacarpo-sesamoideum 
internum, (S.-D.). 
63, Lig. sesamo-phalangiale internum, 
(S.-D.). 
04, Lig. II metacarpo phalangiale in- 
ternum, (S.-D.). 
65, O. primum phalangiale. 
66, Lig. inter-phalangianum primum 
internum, (S.-D.). 
67, O. secundum phalangiale. 
68, Lig. inter-phalangianum secundum 
internum, (S.-D.). 
69, Claws of the three median digits. 
Fig. 8. The Humerus, portions of the Scapula and of the hones of the fore- 
arm, (antebrachium), viewed from the inner side, and exhibiting the 
deep muscles aud ligaments. 
1, Inferior part of the scapula; 
a, posterior part of the glenoid cavity; 
i, p. coracoideus. 
2, The “trochiter”. 
3, The diaphysis of humerus. 
4, The “trochin ”. 
5, 6, 7, Scapulo humeral capsular lig- 
ament, Lig. capsulare scapulo hu- 
merale; 
5, and 6, bundles somewhat stronger 
than the remainder of the Lig. 
8, bicipital groove. 
9, “ arch. 
11, a ligamentous Frenum, which, attach- 
ed by its inferior extremity a, unites 
the M. anconeus medius (a) with 
the Scapula. 38 
Explanatory 
Index. 
Plate IX. 
a, M. anconeus medius (S.-D.). 
12, the two inferior condyles of the 
Humerus. 
13, 13', M. coraco-brachialis ; a, its 
tendon 
14, the “ epitrochlea ”. 
15, portions of the tendons of M. teres 
major. 
16, 16', M. anconeus medius, (S.-D.) ; 
a, aponeurotic lamina which con- 
strains it. 
17, M. anconeus internus, (S.-D.). 
18, 19, the ulna 
19, p. anconeus, (or Olecranon). 
20, a portion of the Radius. 
21, Lig. coronarium, (S.-D.). 22, its 
branch coming from the “epitro- 
chlea”; 23, that coming from the 
“ epicondyle ”. 
24, Lig. humero-ulnare latero-internum 
(S.-D.). 
Fig. 4. The anterior limb, outer surface, in the same position as upon 
Plates 11., 111, and IV., exhibiting the fourth layer of muscles. 
1, The fossa infraspinata (scapularis). 
2, p. recurrens (S.-D.). 
3, M. supraspinatus ; a, its aponeu- 
rosis of origin ; b, its terminal tendon. 
4, 5, Lig. capsulare scapulo humerale; 
4, a fibrous bundle stronger than the 
remainder of the capsule; 
6, M. teres minor. 
7, the “trochiter”; 
8, B', diaphysis of the Humerus. B', 
the deltoid impression; 9, inferior 
head of the Humerus. 
10, the “ epicondyle ”. 
11, the condyle. 
12, p. anconeus, (or olecranon). 
13, Lig. humero-ulnare latero-exter- 
num (S.-D.). 
14, tendon of origin of the M. adductor 
longus pollicis (S.-D.). 
15, tendon of origin of the M. extensor- 
proprius digiti tertii (S.-D.). 
17, M. radialis primus. 
18, “ extensor pollicis longus. 
19, “ extensor proprius indices. 
20, “ flexor profundus perforans. 
21, “ ulnaris (S.-D.). 
22, “ adductor longus pollicis (S.-D.). 
23, inferior head of the Radius, 
24, inferior extremity of the ulna. 
25, tendon of the M. radialis secundus. 
28, radio-carpal capsule. 
27, Lig. interosseum semiluno-cunei- 
formeum (S.-D.). 
28, O. lunare. 
29, Lig. ulno. radiale inferior (S,-D.). 
30, “ magno-unciforme dorsale (S.- 
D.). 
31, O. unciforme. 
32, prominence formed by the O. pisl- 
forme. 
33, Lig. unci—lV metacarpale dor- 
sale (S.-D.). 
34, Lig. unci—V metacarpale dorsale 
(S.-D.). 
35, O. cuneiforme. 
38, Lig ulno-pisiforme (S.-D.). 
40, “ pisi-IV metacarpale palmare 
(S.-D.). 
41, Lig. ulno-cuneiforme externum 
(S.-D.). 
42, Lig. cunei-pisiforme externum 
(S.-D.). 
43, Lig. pisi-V metacarpale palmare. 
(S.-D.). Plate IX. 
jExplanatory Index. 
39 
44, Lig. cunei-V metacarpale palmare 
(S.-D.). 
45, Lig. cunei-V metacarpale dorsale 
(S.-D.). 
46, claw of the Pollex. 
47, O. metacarpale tertium (-111 meta- 
carpale). 
48, O. metacarpale quartum (-IV me- 
tacarpale). 
49, O. metacarpale quintum (-V meta- 
carpale). 
50, M. abductor brevis minimi di- 
git!. 
51, branch of the tendon M. extensor 
proprius tertii digiti (S.-D.). ter- 
minating upon that of the M. ex- 
tensor proprius indicis. 
52, a portion of the tendon of M. ex- 
tensor proprius minimi digiti ter- 
minating upon the cartilage 53, con- 
tained in the V. metacarpo-pha- 
langian capsule. 
60, Lig. capsulare V-metacarpo-pha- 
langiale (S.-D.). 
61, Lig. V-metacarpo-phalangiale ex- 
ternum (S.-D.). 
62, Lig. V-metacarpo - sesamoideum 
externum (S.-D.). 
63, Lig. sesamo-phalangiale externus 
(S.-D.). 
64, O. sesamoideum externum. 
65, tendon of the M. extensor profun- 
dus perforans. 
66, O. phalangis primi. 
67, Lig. interphalangianum primum 
externum, (S.-D.). 
68, O. phalangis secundi 
69, Lig. interphalangianum secundum 
externum, (S.-D.). 
70, O. phalangis tertii 
Fig. 5. The parts forming the Humero-ulnar articulation, seen from in front 
1, Inferior extremity of Humerus ; a, 
bony arch of the internal part of this 
bone ; 5, f. supra condyleum; c, arti- 
cular facet in which the p. coronoi- 
deus fits ; d, the “ epicondyle ”; e, 
the “epitrochlea cfg, articular cap- 
sule. 
2, the Ulna. 
3, the Radius. 
4, 5, 6, Lig. coronarium, (S.-D.); 4, its 
branch attached to the “ epitrochlea ”; 
5, that attached to the p. coronoi- 
deus ; 6, the branch which is attached 
to the angle of the sigmoid cavity. 
Fig. 6. The parts forming the Humero-ulnar articulation, seen from the 
outer side. 
1, Inferior extremity of the Humerus. 
2, the “ epic ondyle ”. 
3, the “ condyle 
4, a portion of the Ulna 
4', p. anconeus. 
5, a portion of the Radius ; a, p. 
bicipitalis, or “ bicipital tubero- 
sity”. 
6, Lig. humero-ulnare latero-exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
7, Lig. humero-radiale latero-exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
8, Lig. coronarium, (S.-D.); a, the 
branch attached to the “ epic ondyle 
g, the branch coming from the extern 
al angle of the lower sigmoid cavity. 40 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate IX. 
Fig. 7. The left fore arm and hand (antebrachium et manus), with the 
fingers (digiti) entirely extended and separated from such other, 
anterior surface, and showing the first layer of muscles. 
1, The inferior part of M. biceps. 
2, a part of M. claviculo-deltoideus, 
(S.-D.). 
3, a part of M. brachialis (anterior). 
4, M. cercialis, (S.-D.).—M. palmaris 
magnus. 
5, M. pronator radii teres. 
6, 6', M. radialis primus. 
6", “ radialis secundus. 
7, . “ extensor communis digito- 
rum; a, b, c, d, its several branches; 
e,/, g, h. cartilaginous disks contained 
in the articular (metacarpo-phalangial) 
capsules. 
8, B', M. extensor proprius tertii 
digiti, (S.-D.). 
9, 9', M. extensor proprius quarti 
digiti, (S.-D.). 
10, 10', M. extensor proprius digiti 
minimi. 
11, M. ulnaris (externus), (S.-D.) ; 12, 
termination of its tendon. 
13, Lig. hypothenete-metacarpale dor- 
sale, (S.-D.). 
14, 14', M. adductor longus pollicis, 
(S.-D.). 
15, Lig. annulare carpi anterior. 
16, prominence which makes the p. stylo- 
ideus of the Ulna. 
17, 17', M. extensor pollicis longus; 
b, cartilaginous granule in the meta- 
carpo-phalangial capsule of the same 
finger; 
17', foliacious branch of the tendon which 
is spread out upon the O. metacar- 
pale secundeum. 
18, O. metacarpale primum (-1 meta- 
carpale). 
19, O. sesamoideum internum pollicis. 
20, “ primi phalangis (pollicis). 
21, “ secundi phalangis (pollicis), with 
its claw. 
22, 22', tendon of M. extensor proprius 
indicis. 
23, O. metacarpale secundum. 
24, M. adductor minirmi digiti medius, 
(S.-D.). 
25, Lig. infraphalangiale profundum 
communum digitorum, (S.-D.). 
26, 00. primi phalangis (digitorum). 
27, enlargement of the extensor tendons 
of the digits covering the primal inter- 
phalangial articulations. 
28, 00. secundi phalangis (digitorum). 
29, claws—Ungues. 
30, dermal expansion forming a broad 
web between the digits, which is pro- 
longed thence to form the hood-like 
fold ab, which covers the claws. 
Fig. 8. The same parts of the anterior limb exhibiting the second layer of 
muscles. 
1, The Humerus ; a, its perforation. 
2, humero-ulnar capsule. 
3, M. pronator radii teres. 
4, M. supinator brevis. 
5, (“ cercialis (S.-D.).) M. palmaria 
magnus. Plate IX. 
Explanatory Index. 
41 
6, 6', M. adductor longus pollicis, (S.- 
D.). 
7, 7', M. extensor pollicis longus. 
8, inferior extremity of the Radius. 
9, radio-carpal capsule. 
10, inferior extremity of the Ulna. 
11, its p. styloideus. 
12, Lig. ulno-radiale inferius, (S.-D.). 
13, “ annulare carpi anterius. 
11, “ scapho-trapezoideum dorsale, 
(S.-D.) 
15, O. trapezium. 
16, “ trapezoides. 
17, Lig. trapezoido-I metacarpale dor- 
sale, (S.-D.). 
18, Lig. trapezoido-II metacarpale dor- 
sale, (S.-D.). 
19, Lig. 11-111 metacarpale dorsale, (S.- 
D.). 
20, Lig. magno-111 metacarpale dorsale, 
(S.-D). 
21, Lig. 111-IV metacarpale dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
22, M. extensor proprius indicis; a, 
branch coming from the tendon of the 
M. extensor proprius tertii digiti, 
(S.-D.) ; c, branch terminating there; 
b, little branch terminating on the 
cartilaginous plate of the metacarpo- 
phalangial capsule. 
23, M. extensor proprius tertii digiti, 
(S.-D.). 
21, M. extensor proprius quarti digiti, 
(S.-D.). 
25, M. extensor proprius minimi digiti. 
26, Lig. hypothenate-metacarpale dor- 
sale, (S.-D.). 
27, M. adductor medius minimi digiti. 
28, O. metacarpale primum (-1 meta- 
carpale). 
29, O. sesamoideum internum polli- 
cis. 
30, “ phalangis primi (pollicis). 
31, “ phalangis secundi (pollicis); a, 
its claw. 
32, Lig. elastico-extensum internum. 
II phalangis pollicis, (S.-D.). 
33, Lig, elastico-extensum medium II 
phalangis-pollicis, (S.-D.). 
31, 35, 36, 37, Lig. capsulares meta- 
carpo-phalangiales, (S.-D.), contain- 
ing at the middle a little cartilaginous 
plate; a, an odd ligament attaching 
the latter to the first phalanx; h, ten- 
donous branch joining it from the 
tendons of the Mm. extensores com- 
muni et proprii. 
38, M. adductor medius indici, (S.-D.). 
39, O. metacarpale secundum. 
10, M. adductor medius tertii digiti, 
(S.-D.). 
11, O. intercarpale tertium. 
12, M. adductor quarti digiti longus 
(S.-D.). 
13, O. metacarpale quartum. 
11, M. abductor brevis quarti digiti, 
(S.-D.). 
15, O. metacarpale quintum. 
16, Lig. elastico-extensum internum 
tertii phalangis, (S.-D.). 
17, Lig. elast. exten. externum tertii 
phalangis, (S.-D.). 
18, Lig. elast. exten. medium tertii 
phalangis, (S.-D.). 
19, enlargement of the tendons of the 
Mm. extensore digiti; b, a portion 
of that of the M. extensor com- 
munis. 
50, Lig. infra phalangiale profundum 
communum digitorum (S.-D.). Explanatory Index. 
Plate IX. 
Fig. 9. The left antebrachium and manus with the digiti strongly separated, 
posterior view. 
1, Inferior extremity of the Humerus. 
2, p. anconeus. 
3, M. ulnaris externus. 
4, first head of M. flexor profundus 
perforans. 
5, s', M. ulnaris internus. 
6, 6', “ flexor sublimis; 
a, b, c, d, e, the branches of its ten- 
don terminating upon the five digits; 
f, branch of the second tendon run- 
ning into the “ ball”. 
7, The third head of the M. flexor pro- 
fundus perforans. 
8, Inferior extremity of the Ulna. 
9, M. flexor proprius minimi digiti, 
(S.-D.). 
10, Inferior extremity of the Radius. 
11, Lig. annulare carpi posterius. 
12, “hypothenar” eminence. 
13, Lig. ulno-hypothenete, (S.-D.). 
14, root of the Lig. annulare carpi pos- 
terius which arises upon the hypo- 
thenar eminence and constitutes the 
Lig. scapho-hypothenete, (S.-D.). 
15, M. adductor brevis pollicis, (S.-D.). 
16, “ “ medius “ (S.-D.), 
17, “ abductor “ minimi digiti, 
(S.-D.). 
18, M. abductor brevis minimi digiti, 
(S.-D.). 
19, Lig. annulare sesamoideum pollicis. 
20, Tendon of the M. flexor profundus 
perforans. 
21, enlargement of the Lig. infraphalan- 
giale-commune pollicis et indicis, 
(S.-D.). 
22, Tendon of the M. profundus pollicis, 
(S.-D.). 
23, O. primi phalangis (pollicis). 
24, M. adductor indicis. 
25, Lig. infraphalangiale-commune pol- 
licis et indicis, (S.-D.). 
26, M. lumbricalis tertii digiti- 
-27, Tendon of the M. flexor profundus 
perforans. 
28, M. lumbricalis quarti digiti. 
29, Tendon of M. flexor profundus per- 
forans. 
30, Lig. infraphalangiale superficiale 
digitorum; a, external branch at- 
tached to the O. sesamoidexim ex- 
ternum min.-digiti; b, external 
branch inserted into the external side 
of O. primi phalangis minimi digiti, 
c, internal branch inserted into the 
O. sesamoideum internum indicis ; 
d, second internal branch inserted 
upon the internal side of O. I pha- 
langis. 
36, The Palm, or ball of the hand “ Pelote”, 
(S.-D.). 
37, 00. primi phalangis. 
38, Lig. annulare infraphalangiale. 
39, 00. secundi phalangis. 
40, claws, (unguines). 
41, “Pelotines”, (S.-D.). Explanatory Index. 
Plate IX. 
Fig.. 10. The antebrachium and manus, posterior view, showing the second 
layer of the ligaments and muscles. 
1, The inferior extremity of the Humerus. 
2, p. anconeus. 
5, The “Epitrochlea”. 
4, The “Epicondyle ”, 
5, Lig. coronarium, (S.-D.). 
6, “ humero-ulnare latero-exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
7, first head of M. flexor profundus per- 
forans. 
8, Medium part of Ulna. 
9, Second head of M. flexor profundus 
perforans 
10, M. flexor sublimis. 
11, Third head of M. flexor profundus 
perforans. 
12, Inferior extremity of the Ulna. 
a, its p. styloideus. 
13, Inferior head of the Radius. 
14, Lig. annulare carpi posterius cut. 
15, Prominence of O. pisiforme. 
16, Lig. ulno-pisiforme, (S.-D.). 
17, Part of the tendon of M. ulnaris 
(S.-D.). 
18, 18', Mm. flexores proprii minimi 
digiti (S.-D.). 
19, M. flexor proprius quarti digiti 
(S.-D.). 
20, Tendon of M. profundus pollicis 
(S.-D.), 
21, M. adductor brevis pollicis (S.-D.). 
22, “ “ medius minimi digiti 
(S.-D.). 
23, Lig. infraphalangiale pollicis (S.-D.). 
24, Common tendon of M. flexor sub- 
limis beneath the Lig. annulare 
carpi posterius; a, h, c, d, e, its 
five branches. 
25, O. sesamoideum internum pollicis. 
26, M. abductor brevis minimi digiti, 
(S.-D.). 
27, Mm. adductores longi et breve 
minimi digiti (S.-D.). 
28, M. lumbricalis (min. dig.). 
29, “ “ (quart, dig.). 
30, Tendon of M. flexor profundus 
perforans. 
31, M. lumbricalis, (tert. dig.). 
32, “ abductor secundi digiti, 
33, “ lumbricalis, (sec. dig.). 
34, 35, 36, 37, Ligs. annulares sesa- 
moideum digiti. 
39, 40, 41, 42, Fibrous ligaments pro- 
ceding from the outer branches of M. 
flexor sublimis and penetrating into 
the “ pad ” a, P, y, 6, where they are 
implanted in the integument. 
43, M. adductor medius indicis (S.- 
D.). 
44, Branch of the tendon of M. flexor 
sublimis which is inserted upon O. 
sesamoidum internum indicis. 
45, Lig. infraphalangiale (commune 
pollicis et indicis). 
46, O. secundi phalangis pollicis. 
47, Branch of the tendon of M. flexor, 
sublimis, which is blended with the 
Lig. annulare sesamoideum min- 
imi digiti, (S.-D.). 
48, O. tertii phalangis pollicis, 
49, 50, 51, 52, 53, Lig. infraphalangiale 
profundum, common to the digits. 
54, 00. secundi phalangis. 
55, “ tertii “ 
a, P, y, 4, outline of the “pad”. Explanatory hidex. 
Plate IX. 
Fig. 11. The same parts of the anterior limb, showing posterior surface, 
and exposing the third layer of muscles. 
1, 2, 3, The inferior part of Humerus. 
4, p. anconeus. 
5, 6, Lig. coronarium (S.-D.); 5, its 
external humeral branch; 6, its ex- 
ternal ulnar branch. 
7, Angle of the sigmoid cavity of the 
Ulna. 
8, Head of the Hadius. 
9, Inferior extremity of same ; a, its 
head; 
10-12, several heads of the M. flexor- 
profundus perforans; 10, 10', the 
first head ; 11, 11', second head ; 12, 
12', third head. 
13, 13', M. flexor proprius tertii digiti, 
(S.-D.). 
14, 14', M. flexor proprius secundi 
digiti (or indicis) (S.-D.). 
15, 15', First head of M. flex. prop, 
quart, dig. (S.-D.). 
16, Inferior extremity of Ulna; a, its p. 
styloideus. 
17, 18, 19, Lig. annulare carpi poste- 
rius; 
17, its ulnar root; 18, open groove for 
the M. flexor sublimis. 
20, Tip of O. pisiforme. 
21, Lig. ulno-pisiforme (S.-D.). 
22, Second head of M. flexor proprius 
quart, dig. (S.-D.). 
23, Deep inferior part of the Lig. annu- 
lare carpi posterius. 
24, Common trunk of M. flex. prop, 
quart, dig. 
25, M. flexor proprius minimi digiti 
(S.-D.). 
26, Lig. pisi-V metacarpale (S.-D.). 
27, Lig. pisi-IV metacarpale (S.-D.). 
28, M. adductor brevis pollicis (S.-D.). 
29, O. sesamoideum internum pollicis 
and its Lig. annulare. 
30, O. primi phalangis pollicis. 
31, Branch of the tendon, of M. flexor 
profundus perforans running to the 
pollex. 
32, M. abductor medius pollicis (S.-D.). 
33, Mm. adductores longus et brevis 
minimi digiti, (S.-D.). 
34, M. abductus brevis min. dig. (S.-D.). 
35, M. lumbricalis (indicis). 
36, “ “ (min. dig.). 
37, “ “ (tert. “ ). 
38, “ “ (quart. “ ). 
39, The common enlarged part of the ten- 
don of the M. flexor profundus 
perforans; 40. 
40, its branch terminating upon the sec- 
ond digit. 
41, branch for the third digit; 
42, “ “ “ fourth “ ; 
43, Lig. infraphalangiale (commune pol- 
licis et indicis). 
44, Cut tendons of M. flexor sublimis. 
45, Mm. abductores indicis. 
46, M. adductor medius indicis (S.-D.). 
47, “ abductor longus quarti digiti. 
(S.-D.). 
49, Enlargements of the tendons of M.= 
flexor sublimis forming sheaths for 
the tendons of M. flexor profundus 
perforans. 
50, Ligs. annulares sesamoideum cut 
open. 
51, Lig. infraphalangiale. 
52, secundi phalangis. 
53, tendons of M. flexor profundus 
perforans. 
54, 00. tertii phalangis. Explanatory 
Index. 
Plate IX. 
Fig. 12. Same part as Fig. 11, showing the fourth layer of muscles. 
1, I', Ulna; a, its p. anconeus; be, 
the groove of the greater sigmoid 
cavity; d, prominence of the lesser 
sigmoid groove ; I', inferior extremity 
of same bone forming the p. styloi- 
deus. 
2, Radius ; 2', its inferior head. 
3, apon. brachialis profundus. 
4-7, M. flexor profundus perforatus ; 
4, 4', fifth head; 
5, cut tendon of the fourth; 
6, that of the first ; 
6', that of the second; 
7, that of the third. 
8, First head of M. flexor proprius. 
(quart, dig.) (S.-D.). 
9, M. flex. prop. tert. dig. (S.-D.). 
10, M. flexor proprius indicis, (S.-D.). 
11, Tendon of M. palmaris magnus. 
12, Tip of O. pisiforme. 
13, Lig.- pisi-IV metacarpale, (S.-D.). 
14, “ “ -V “ (S.-D.). 
15, M. adductor brevis pollicis (S.-D.) 
16, Lig. infraphal. com. poll, et ind. 
(S.-D.). 
17, M. abductor brevis min. dig. (S.- 
D.). 
18, Mm. adductores longus et brevis 
min. dig. (S.-D.). 
19, The common inferior part of the ten- 
don of M. flexor profundus perfor- 
ans ; a, tendonous branch running to 
the thumb, b, c, d, e, the four others 
running to the digits. 
20, Lig. annulare infraphalangiale pol- 
licis, (S.-D.). 
21, M. lumbricalis indicis. 
22, “ adductor medius indicis (S.-D.). 
23, “ abductor “ “ (S.-D.). 
24, “ adductor “ tertii digiti 
(S.-D.). 
25, Mm. abductores tertii digiti (S.-D.). 
26, “ adductores quarti digiti. (S.- 
D.). 
27, Mm. abductores quarti digiti (S.- 
D.). 
28, M. adductor minimi, (S.-D.). 
36, 37, 38, Enlargements of the tendons 
of the M. flexor sublimis, forming 
sheaths for the tendons of M. flexor 
profundus perforans in the meta- 
carpo-phalangial articulations of the 
index, third and fourth digits. 
39, Ligs. annulare sesamoidei cut. 
40, 00. secundi phalangis. 
41, Tendons of M. flexor profundus per- 
forans under the 00. primi et se- 
cundi phalangis. 
42, Ligs. annulares infraphalangiales. 
43, 00. tertii phalangis. 
Fig. 13. The same parts of the limb, as in last figure, showing the deepest 
layer of muscles. 
1, 2, The Ulna; a, its p. anconeus; 
c, the posterior crest of same bone; 
e, the “ sigmoid cavity ”; 2, inferior 
head of the Ulna; b, the p. styloi- 
deus. 
3, 3', The Radius; d, its superior head; 
3', its inferior extremity. 
4, 4', M. pronator radii quadratus. 
5, O. pisiforme. 
6, Tuberosity of magnum; e, Lig. pisi- 
magnum palmares (S.-D.). 
7, O. V. metacarpiale. Explanatory Index, 
Plate IX- 
8, O. primi phalangis pollicis. 
9, “ secundi “ “ 
10, 11, 12, 13, 00. primi phalangis 
(digitorum), 
14, 15, 16, 17, 00. secundi phalangis 
(digitorum), 
18, 19, 20, 21, 00. tertii phalangis 
(digitorum) 
22, apon. antebrachialis profundus, a, 
fascia attached to O. pisiforme; c, 
that attached to the O. scaphoi- 
deum; i, tendon of the M. (cercialis 
(S.-D.).) palmaris magnus. 
23, Lig. cuneiforme-V metacarpale 
palmare (S.-D.). 
24, Lig. scapho-unciforme palmare 
(S.-D.). 
25, Lig. scapho-magnum palmare in- 
ternum (S.-D.). 
26, Lig. pisi-IV metacarpale (S.-D.). 
27, “ “ -V “ (S.-D.). 
28, M. adductor brevis pollicis (S.-D.). 
29, “ abductor medius “ (S.-D.). 
30, “ “ longus quarti digiti 
(S.-D.). 
31, Mm. adductores longus et brevis 
quarti digiti (S.-D.). 
32, M. adductor medius indicis (S.- 
D.). 
33, Mm. abductores longus et brevis 
indicis (S.-D.). 
34, Lig. iufraphalangiale com. pol. et. 
ind. (S.-D.); a, b, small fibro-carti- 
laginous disks. 
36, M. abductor longus indicis (S.-D.). 
37, “ “ medius “ (S.-D.). 
38, “ adductor “ minimi digiti 
(S.-D.). 
39, M. opponens minimi digiti (S.-D.). 
42, “ abductor longus tertii digiti' 
(S.-D.). 
43, Mm. abductores longus et brevis 
quarti digiti (S.-D.). 
44, M. adductor longus quarti digiti 
(S.-D.). 
45, M. abductor brevis tertii digiti 
(S.-D.). 
46, M. adductor medius tertii digiti 
(S.-D.). 
47, 00. sesamoides. 
48, Ligs. intersesamoidei (S.-D.). 
51, “ sesamoidei obliqui (S.-D.). 
(“ croises des s.”). 
FIG. 14. The Carpus with a 'portion of the antebrachium and metacarpus 
dorsal view, showing the deep ligaments. 
1, Inferior extremity of the Radius. 
2, “ “ “ Ulna; a, 
Lig. interosseum ulno-radiale 
3, Fibrous groove of the brachium and 
antebrachium confining the tendons 
which run to the manus; 
a, tendon of M. adductor longus 
pollicis (S.-D.). 
b, tendon of Mm. radiates. 
c, “ “ M. extensor longus 
pollicis (S.-D.). 
d, tendon of M. extensor proprius 
indicis. 
e, tendon of the Mm. extensores 
proprii of the outer digits. 
4, Internal tuberosity of O. scaphoi- 
deum. 
5, O. “phacoideum ”, 
6, “ trapezium. 
7, “ trapezoideum. 
10, radio-carpal-capsule. 
11, Lig. trapezo-trapezoidem dors. (S.- 
D.). Plate IX. 
Explanatory Index. 
23, O, unciforme. 
Between 20 and 31, Lig. unciforme-IV 
metacarpale dorsale (S.D.). 
24, Lig. 111-IV metacarpale dorsale 
(S.-D.). 
25, Lig. hypothenate 111-IV-V meta- 
carpale dorsale (S.-D.). 
28, O. I metacarpale. 
29, “ II 
30, “ 111 
31, “ IV 
32, “ V 
33, Lig. 11-111 metacarpale interos- 
seum. 
34, Lig. 111-IV metacarpale interos- 
seum. 
35, Lig. IV-V metacarpale interos- 
seum. 
13, Lig. trapezoido-magnum dorsale 
(S.-D.). 
14, Lig. cunei-unciforme dorsale (S.- 
D.). 
15, Lig. trapezoido-llmetacarpale dor- 
sale (S.-D.). 
16, Lig. magno-unciforme dorsale (S.- 
D.). 
17, Lig. trapezo-II metacarpale dorsale 
(S.-D.). 
18, Lig. 11-111 metacarpale dorsale 
(S.-D.). 
19, Lig, magno-111 metacarpale dorsale 
(S.-D.). 
20, O. magnum. 
Between 20 and 31, Lig. magno-IV, 
metacarpale dorsale (S.-D.). 
22, Lig. unciforme-V metacarpale dor- 
sale (S.-D.). 
Fig. 15. The same parts as above, showing the deepest ligaments. 
1, A portion of the Radius, 
a, its inferior head; 
2, a portion of the Ulna; i, its p. sty- 
loideus. 
3, radio-carpal articular capsule. 
4, O. cuneiforme. 
5, “ scaphoideum. 
6, “ trapezium. 
7, “ trapezoideum. 
8, “ magnum. 
9, “ unciforme. 
10, Lig. ulno-radiale inferius, (S.-D.). 
11, “ radio-trapezeum internum, (S.- 
D.). 
12, Lig. scapho-trapezoideum dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
13, Lig. cunei-unciforme dorsale, (S.- 
D.). 
14, O. phacoidum. 
Outside 14, Lig. phaco-trapezeum, (S.- 
D.). 
15, O. I metacarpale. 
16, 17, 18, 19, superior part of the other 
four bones of the metacarpus. 
20, Lig. interosseum semiluno-cunei- 
forme, (S.-D.). 
21, Lig. magno-II metacarpale dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
22, Lig. trapezo-I metacarpale dor- 
sale, (S.-D.). 48 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate IX. 
Fig. 16. The hones of the palm, front view, with the hones of the metacarpus 
slightly separated. 
A. the carpus. 
1, O. scapho-lunare ; a, b, c, d, the por- 
tion corresponding to the O. scapho- 
ideum; 6, d, f e, the portion corres- 
ponding to the O. semilunare. 
2, O. cuneiforme. 
3, “ plracoideum. 
4, “ trapezeum. 
5, “ trapezoideum. 
6, “ magnum. 
7, “ unciforme. 
B. the metacarpus. 
8, O. I metacarpale ; h, O. sesamoi- 
deum. 
9, O. II metacarpale ; i, o, its superior- 
head; Ic, its inferior head. 
10, O. 11l metacarpale ; I, m, its supe- 
rior head; n, its inferior head. 
11, O. IV metacarpale; jo, r, superior 
head; g, inferior head. 
12, O. V metacarpale ; s, superior head; 
t, inferior head. 
Fig. 17. Inferior part of the antebrachium and palm, posterior surface, 
shoioing the deepest muscles and a portion of the ligaments. 
1, Inferior extremity of the Radius. 
2, “ “ “ Ulna, 
a, its p. styloideus. 
3, Lig. interosseum ulno-radiale. 
4, tip of O. pisiforme. 
5, Lig. scapho-I metacarpale palmare, 
(S.-D.). 
6, Lig. radio-scaphoideum palmare, 
(S.-D.). 
7, fascia of the apon. antebrachialis 
profundus attached to the O. scapho- 
ideum passing in front of the tendon of 
8, M. palmaris magnus. 
9, Lig. ulno-scaphoideum posterius, 
(S.-D.). 
10, Lig. pisi-trapezium palmare, (S.-D.). 
Between 10 and 11, Lig. pisi-unci- 
forme palmare, (S.-D.). 
Between 10 and 16, Lig. semiluno-mag- 
num palmare, (S.-D.). 
11, O. unciforme. 
12, margin of O. cuneiforme. 
13, Lig. trapezo-I metacarpale palmare, 
(S.-D.). 
14, Lig. radio-pisiforme palmare,(S.-D.) 
15, " trapezo-magnum “ “ 
16, tuberosity of O. magnum. 
18, Lig. pisi-IV metacarpale palmare, 
(S.-D.). 
19, Lig. pisi-V metacarpale palmare, 
(S.-D.) 
20, Lig. magno-IV metacarpale pal- 
mare, (S.-D.). 
24, O. I metacarpale. 
25, M. adductor mediusindicis,(S.-D.). 
26, O. V metacarpale. 
27, “ sesamoideum internum pollicis, 
28, 00. sesamoidei interni of the other 
digits. 
29, 00. sesamoidei externi of other- 
digits. 
30, Ligs. intersesamoidei, (S.-D.). 
31, O. II metacarpale. 
32, Mm. adductores longus et brevis 
tertii digiti, (S.-D.). 
33, M. adductor medius tert. dig., (S.- 
D.). 
34, “ abductor longus “ “ “ Plate IX. 
Explanatory Index. 
35, Mm. adductores longus et brevis 
quarti dig., (S.-D.). 
36, M. abductor longus quarti dig.,(S.- 
D.). 
37, M. abductor brevis tert. dig., (S.-D.). 
Fig. 18. The same carpus with a part of the antebrachium and of the 
metacarpus, posterior view, exposing a deeper layer of ligaments. 
1, A portion of the Radius. 
2, “ “ “ “ Ulna; a, p. styloid- 
eus. 
3, O. phacoideum. 
4, groove of the internal tuberosity of the 
O. scaphoideum. 
5, Lig. scapho-pisiforme palmare, (S.- 
D.). 
6, tip of O. pisiforme. 
7, fascia of the apon. antibrachialis- 
profunda attached to the O. scapho- 
ideum. 
8, Lig. radio-scaphoideum palmare 
(S.-D.). 
9, fibrous fascia, forming one of the in- 
ferior terminations of the apon. ante- 
brachialis. 
10, Lig. ulno-cuneiforme externum, (S.- 
D.). 
11, Lig. radio-pisiforme palmare, (S.-D.). 
12, “ cuneiforme-V metacarpale pal- 
mare, (S.-D.). 
13, Lig. magno-unciforme palmare, (S.- 
D.). 
14, Lig. cuneiforme-unciforme palmare 
(S.-D.). 
15, tuberosity of the O. magnum. 
16, inferior tuberosity of O. unciforme. 
17, O. cuneiforme. 
18, Lig. magno-111 metacarpale pal- 
mare, (S.-D.). 
19, Lig. trapezo-I metacarpale palmare 
(S.-D.). 
20, Lig. I-II metacarpale palmare, (S.- 
D.). 
21, tuberosity of the head of O. II meta- 
carpale. 
22, a portion of Lig. pisi-IV metacarpale. 
23, extremity of the tendon of M. pal- 
maris magnus. 
24, O. I metacarpale. 
25, 26, 27, 28, portions of 00. 11, lII- 
IV et V metacarpales. 
29, Lig. scapho-I metacarpale palmare, 
(S.-D.). 
30, Lig. scapho-II metacarpale pal- 
mare, (S.-D.). 
31, Lig. arcuatum palmare 11-111 meta- 
carpale, (S.-D.). 
32, Lig. 111-IV metacarpale palmare, 
(S.-D.). 
33, Lig. unciforme-111 metacarpale pal- 
mare, (S.-D.). 
34, Lig. unciforme-IV metacarpale pal- 
mare, (S.-D.). 
35, Lig. unciforme-V metacarpale pal- 
mare, (S.-D.). 
Fig. 19. Posterior surface of the carpus and 'portions of the metacarpus, 
less O- pisiforme, exposing the deepest ligaments. 
1, I', O. scapho-lunare; 1 corresponds 
to O. scaphoideum (anthrop.), 1' 
corresponds to O. semilunare (an- 
throp.) . Explanatory Index. 
Plate IX. 
2, O. cuneiforme. 
3, “ phacoideum. 
4, “ trapezium. 
Between 4 and 20, Lig. trapezo-I 
metacarpale palmare, (S.-D.). 
5, tuberosity of O. magnum. 
6, “ “ “ unciforme. 
7, Lig. interosseum semiluno-unci- 
forme, (S.-D.). 
8, Lig. scapho-trapezeum palmare in- 
ternum, (S.-D.). 
9, Lig. scapho-trapezeum palmare ex- 
ternum, (S.-D.). 
10, Lig. semiluno-unciforme palmare, 
(S.-D.). 
11, Lig. cuneiforme-unciforme palmare, 
(S.-D.). 
12, Lig. magno-unciforme palmare, (S.- 
D.). 
13, Lig. trapezo-I metacarpale palmare, 
(S.-D.). 
14, Lig. trapezo-II metacarpale pal- 
mare, (S.-D.). 
15, Lig. magno-111 metacarpale pal- 
mare, (S.-D.). 
16, Lig. 111-IV-V metacarpale palmare, 
(S.-D.). 
17, Lig. IV-V metacarpale palmare. 
(S.-D.). 
18, Lig. 111-IV metacarpale palmare, 
(S.-D.). 
19, Lig. 11-111 metacarpale palmare, 
(S.-D.). 
20, 21, 22, 23, 24, portions of the 00. 
metacarpales. 
Fig. 20. The hones of the palm with the 00. metacarpales slightly separated, 
viewed from behind. 
A. The carpus. 
1, O. scapho-lunare, a, d, e, the scaphoid 
portion; a, internal tuberosity; I, c, 
d, e, semilunar portion. 
2, O. cuneiforme. 
3, “ pisiforme. 
4, “ phacoideum. 
5, “ trapezeum. 
6, “ trapezoideum. 
7, “ magnum. 
8, “ unciforme. 
B. The metacarpus. 
9, O. primum (I) metacarpale; 
c, its O. sesamoideum internum. 
10, O. secundum (II) metacarpale; /, 
its superior head ; g, its inferior head. 
11, O. tertium (HI) metacarpale; 
h, its superior head; i, its inferior 
head. 
12, O. quartum (IV) metacarpale; 
k, superior, and I, inferior heads. 
13, O. quintum (V) metacarpale; m, su- 
perior, and n, inferior heads. 
Fig. 21. A. digit with its Ossa sesamoides and a portion of the 00. meta- 
carpale, viewed from the external side. 
1, Inferior portion of the O. metacar- 
pale. 
2, O. sesamoideum externum. 
3, Lig. metacarpo-sesamoideum ex- 
ternum, (S.-D.). 
4, Lig. capsulare (metacarpo-phalangiale). Plate IX. 
Explanatory Index 
51 
5, Lig. 11l metacarpale phalangiale ex- 
ternum, (S.-D.). 
6, Lig. sesamoido-phalangiale exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
7, Lig. annulare sesamoideum. 
8, O. primi phalangis (—digiti). 
9, Lig. annulare infraphalangiale, (S.- 
D.). 
10, Lig. interphalangiale primum exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
11, O. secundi phalangis ; 
12, terminal part of the tendon of the 
M. extensor communis digitorum, 
13 Lig. elastico-extensum medium se- 
cundi phalangis, (S.-D.). 
14, Lig. elastico-laxatum tendinis pro- 
fundce, (S.-D.). 
15, portion of the tendon of M. flexor 
profundus perforans. 
16, Lig. interphalangiale secundum ex- 
ternum. 
17, bony fold of the O. tertii phalangis 
covering the base of the claw, 18. 
18, claw (Unquis.) 
Fig. 22. The same digit, inner side. 
1, Inferior portion of the O. metacarpale. 
2, O. sesamoideum internum. 
3, Lig. metacarpo-sesamoideum in- 
ternum. 
4, Lig. capsulare metacarpo-phalan- 
giale. 
5, Lig. II metacarpale-phalangiale in- 
ternum. 
6, Lig. sesamoido phalangiale. 
7, “ annulare sesamoideum. 
8, O. primi phalangis. 
9, Lig. annulare infra phalangiale. 
10, “ interphalangiale primum inter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
11, O. secundi phalangis. 
12, A portion of the tendon of M. exten- 
sor communis digitorum. 
13, Lig. elastico extensum internum 
tertii-phalangis (S.-D.). 
14, Terminal portion of the tendon of M 
flexor profundus perforans; 
15, the prominence upon the base of the 
O. tertii phalangis. 
16, Lig. interphalangiale secundum in- 
ternum. 
17, the claw of ITnquis. 
Plate X. 
Fig. 1. The haunch and thigh of the right side, inside view, showing the 
first layer of muscles. 
1, Blade of flat portion of the O. ilium 
showing the fossa iliaca interna ; a, 
rough surface where the ilio-sacral 
ligaments an attached. 
2, ilio-sacral articulation facet. 
3, 4', Crest of the O. ilium forming the 
prominence of the haunch. 
5, M. ilio caudalis, (S.-D.). 
6, O. ilium. 
7, M. pubio caudalis (S.-D.). 52 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate X. 
8, B', M. obturator internus. 
9, a portion of the perinaeum. 
10, Part of the M. ischio-cavernosus 
11, The “ ilio-pectineal eminence.” 
12, The abdominal branch of the O. pu- 
bis. 
13, Symphysis of the 00. pubes, and of 
the 00. ischii, 
14, O. ischium. 
15, M. psoas, (S.-D.) ; 15', its iliac head. 
16, the cut tendon of M. psoas parvus. 
17, The superficial sheet of the apon. cru- 
ralis, covering M. sartorius and M. 
gracilis, united. 
18, M. promeralis, (S.-D.) 
18, “ vastus internus, 
20, 20', M. prismaticus, (S.-D.). 
21, Inferior part of M. curvatus (S.-D.). 
22, 22', M. semi-membranosus; a, its 
apon. of origin, where also it gives in- 
sertion to the opposed muscle. 
23, superior part of M. curvatus, (S.-D.). 
24, 25, M. arcuatus, (Str.-Dur.). 
26, M. semitendinosis. 
27, tendon of Mm. sartorius and graci- 
lis attached to the patella, and the 
Lig. patellae. 
28, Fibrous interval between the Mm. gra- 
cialis and semimembranous, formed 
by the apon. cruralis superficialis. 
29, apon. tibialis superficialis. 
30, M. gastrocnemius (internus, (S.-D.).) 
Fig. 2. The same region as in last figure, exhibiting the second layer of 
muscles. 
1, Fossa iliaca interna; a, the rough 
part as above. 
2, ilio-sacral articular facet. 
3, M. ilio-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
4, “ ischio-caudalis, (S.-D.). 
5, ischiatic spine. 
6, eminentia ilio-pectinea. 
7, Point, corresponding to the centre of 
the fos. cotyloidea. 
8, Symphysis of the 00. pubis, and O-is- 
chii. 
9, 9', 9", M. obturator internus. 
10, tuber ischii. 
11, apon. “ fascia-lata ” at the inner part 
pf the thigh covering the M. vastus 
internus. 
12, M. proraeralis, (S.-D.). 
13, “ vastus externus. 
14, “ pectinalis. 
15, 15', M. prismaticus, (S.-D.). 
16, M. curvatus, (S.-D.), 16', its tendon 
of origin; a, adherence between the 
two opposed muscles. 
17, 17', M. arcuatus (Str.-Dur.), a, the ten- 
don of the second head attached to the 
internal condyle of the Femur, and to 
the head of the Tibia. 
18, femoro-tibial capsule. 
19, M. semitendinosus; a, its terminal 
tendon. 
20, section of the common tendon of the 
extensor muscles of the leg, 
21, second sheet, cut, of the apon. tibialis. 
22, M. poplitaeus. 
23, “ gastrocnemius (internus (S.-D.).) 
24, the Tibia. 
25, M. tibialis anticus. Plate X. 
Explanatory Index. 
53 
FIG. 8. The same haunch with all the right posterior limb, viewed from 
inner side, showing the third layer of muscles. 
1, Fossa iliaca interna. 
2, Ulo-sacral articular facet, 
3, The interpubic and interischiadic 
symphyses. 
4, M. obturator externus; a, trochan- 
ter (Chaus.), greater trochanter, p. 
trochanteris major. 
5, M. promeralis, (S.-D.). 
6, “ pectinalis. 
7, “ cruralis, (S.-D.). 
8, “ sub cruralis (Albinus). 
9, Femur. 
10, 10', M. biceps cruris. 
11, O. crithoideum internum, (S .-D.). 
12, Lig. femoro-crithoideum internum, 
(S.-D.). 
13, Lig. patella-crithoideum internum, 
(S.-D.); a, the Patella. 
14, M. gastro-cnemius (internus,(S.-D.).) 
15, Lig. femoro tibiale latero inter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
16, Lig. capsulare femoro-tibiale. 
17, Head of the Tibia. 
18, Diaphysis of same bone; 18', its in- 
ferior head. 
19, M. popliteeus. 
20, M. fusiformis, (S.-D.). 
21, “ gastro cnemius externus, (S.-D.). 
22, “ tibialis anticus. 
23, “ flexor longus hallucis. 
24, Lig. annulare cruris. 
25, M. tibialis posticus. 
26, “ perodactyleus (Riolan), (-flexor 
longus dig. ped. profund, perforans). 
27, M. soleus. 
28, O. calcis ; 28', the “ tuber calcis ”, 
29, Internal frenum of the tendon of (M. 
plantaris), M. fusiformis, (S.-D.). 
30, The “pully” of the Astragalus. 
31, Its p. navicularis. 
32, Lig. astragalo-naviculare dorsale 
(S.-D.). 
33, O. naviculare. 
34, Lig. tibio-calcaneum latero-inter- 
num profundum, (S.-D.). 
35, 41, Lig. naviculo-epitrium dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
36, O. epitrium, (Str.-Dur.). 
37, Superior extremity of the O. chal- 
coideum, (S.-D.). 
38, Lig. naviculo-II metatarsale dor- 
sale, (S.-D.). 
39, Lig. chalcoideo-II metatarsale- 
plantare, (S.-D.). 
40, M. accessorius perodactylei. 
42, Lig. I-II metatarsale dorsale, (S.-D.) 
43, “ chalcoideo-II metatarsale dor- 
sale. 
44, Lig. epitrio-II metatarsale dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
45, metatarsale bones; 
a', O. primum (I) metatarsale; 
b, “ secundum (II) “ 
c, “ tertium (III) “ 
46, Lig. annulare infraphalangiale dig- 
pedis, (S.-D.). 
47, M. adductor medius secundi dig.- 
ped ; c, the two branches of its ten- 
don. 
48, Mm. lumbricales. 
49, 49', The four branches of the M. 
perodactyleus (Riolan). 
50, The II metatarso-phalangial capsule 
51, The second toe, (secundus digitus 
pedis). 
52, The third toe, (tertius digitus pedis) 54 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate X. 
53, The fourth toe, (quartus digitus 
pedis). 
54, Lig. interphalangiale primum inter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
55, O. tertii phalangis, 
56, Lig. interphalangiale secundum in- 
ternum, (S.-D.). 
Fig. 4. The knee joint, the leg and the foot, inner view, showing the 
ligaments and deeper muscles. 
1, Inferior extremity of the Femur. 
2, The Patella. 
3, O. crithoideum internum. 
4, Lig. femoro-crithoideum internum. 
(S.-D.). 
5, Origin of the M. gastrocnemius in- 
ternus (S.-D.). upon the O. crithoi- 
deum of the same side. 
6, Lig. patello-crithoideum internum, 
(S.-D.). 
7, O. poplitaeum, (Str.-Dur.). 
8, external condyle of the head of the 
tibia. 
9, Lig. femoro-tibiale latero-exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
10, Lig. patellae. 
11, “ adiposum, (Str.-Dur.). 
12, The Tibia; a, its angle; b, c, inter- 
nal condyle ; d, its inferior head for- 
ming the malleolus internus. 
13, M. tibialis posticus. 
14, “ solaeus. 
15, Perodactylaeus (Riolan). 
16, Groove of the Tibia in which the ten- 
don of M. tibialis posticus glides. 
17, O. calcis; 17', its p. talus. 
18, Lig. calcaneo-naviculare internum, 
(S.-D.). 
19, p. navicularis of the Astragalus. 
20, The posterior extremity of its pully. 
21, Lig. tibio-astragaleum laterale (S.- 
D.). 
22, Lig. astragalo-calcaneum internum, 
(S.-D.). 
23, Lig. astragalo-naviculare dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
24, 24', O. naviculare; 24', its internal 
tuberosity (tuber internum). 
25, Lig. naviculo chalcoideum plantare 
internum, (S.-D.). 
26, superior head of O. chalcoideum. 
27, O. epitrium, (S.-D.). 
28, Lig. naviculo-epitrium dorsale, (S.- 
D.). 
29, O. “cuneiforme". (S.-D.), 
30, Lig. chalcoideo-cuneiforme dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
31, Lig. 1.-11. metatarsale dorsale, (S.- 
D.). 
32, Lig. chalcoideo-II metatarsale dor- 
sale, (S.-D.). 
33, Lig. epitrio-II metatarsale dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
34, Lig. epitrio-II metatarsale dorsale 
brevis, (S.-D.). 
35, The Metatarsus, a, O. primum (I.) 
metatarsale; b, O. secundum (II.) 
metat.; c, O. tertium (III.) metat.; 
d, O. quartum (IV) metat. ; e, O. 
quintum (V) metatarsale. 
36, Lig. II metatarsale-sesaraoideum in- 
ternum digitorum pedis, (S.-D.). 
37, Lig. II metatarsale-phalangiale in- 
ternum, (S.-D.). Plate X. 
Explanatory Index. 
55 
38, Lig. sesamoido-phalangiale inter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
39, O. primi phalangis. 
40, Lig. interphalangiale primum inter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
41, O. secundi phalangis. 
42, Lig. interphalangiale secundum in- 
ternum, (S.-D.). 
43, 00. tertii phalangis. 
44, Lig. capsulare-II metatarsale-pha- 
langiale, (S.-D.). 
Fig. 5. The parts forming the left femoro-tibial articulation, viewed 
from behind. 
1, Inferior part of the Femur. 
2, Lig. femoro-crithoideum-externum, 
(S.-D.). 
3, Lig. femoro-crithoideum-internum. 
(S.-D.). 
4, O. crithoideum-externum. 
5, “ “ internum. 
6, Lig. transversum poplitaeum, (S.- 
D.). 
7, 8, two ligamentous fascia, entering 
into the composition of the femoro- 
tibial capsule. 
9, O. poplitaeum, (S.-D.). 
10, Lig. tibio-fibulare supra-posterius 
(S.-D.). 
11, head of the Fibula. 
12, M. poplitaeus. 
13, a portion of the Lig. interosseum 
tibio-fibulare. 
Fig. 6. The same articulation showing the deep ligaments. 
1, Distal end of the Femur. 
2, O. crithoideum externum, 
3, “ “ internum. 
4, Lig. femoro-crithoideum-externum, 
(S.-D.). 
o, Lig. femoro-crithoideum-externum, 
(S.-D.). 
6, condylus externus femoris, 
7, condylus internus femoris. 
8, Lig. femoro-selenicium, (Str.-Dur.) 
9, “ transversum externum, (S.-D.). 
10, Enlarged fascia of the capsula femo- 
ro-tibialis, 
11, Lig. tibio-selenicium postero-inter- 
num superficiale, (S.-D.). 
12, C, selenica-interna, (S.-D.). 
13, “ “ -externa, (S.-D.), 
14, Lig. tibio-selenicium postero-exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
15, Lig. transversum internum, (S.-D.). 
16, cdy, Lig. tibialis externus, (S.-D.). 
17, Lig. tibialis interims, (S.-D.). 
19, Lig. femoro-fibulare latero-exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
20, Lig. femoro-tibiale latero-internum, 
(S.-D.). 
21, Lig. tibio-fibulare supra-posternus, 
(S.-D.). 
22, Proximal end of the Tibia. 
22, “ head of the Fibula. 56 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate X. 
Fig. 7. The proximal head of Tibia viewed from above, with the Cc. selenica 
and their ligaments. 
ah, the internal and external tibial 
condyles ; c, its angle ; d, C. sele- 
nica externa; e, C. selenica interna; 
f crista tibiae. 
1, Lig. transversum internum, (S.-D.). 
2, “ tibio-selenicium postero-inter- 
num profundum, (S.-D.). 
8, Lig. tibio-selenicium postero-inter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
4, Lig. tibio-selenicium antero-exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
5, Lig. tibio-selenicium antero-inter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
6, 7, portions of the lateral branches of 
the Lig. adiposum, (S.-D.). 
8, Lig. transversum externum, (S.-D.). 
Fig. 8. The distal part of the leg and the foot seen from in front; the 
metatarsal hones widely separated, and the toes forcibly extended, the 
better to exhibit the superficial layer of muscles. 
1, The distal part of the Tibia. 
2, “ “ “ “ Fibula; a, mal- 
leolus externus. 
3, Lig. annulare cruris (or tibiae). 
4, distal extremity of Tibia. 
5, “ “ “ Fibular. 
6, Lig. capsulare tibio-tarsale. 
7, tendon of M. tibialis anticus. 
8, S', 8", M. cnemodactyleus (Riolan) ; 
abed, the four branches of its tendon. 
9, fascia of the Lig. capsulare tib.-tars., 
prolonged to the O. epitrium, (S.-D.). 
10, Lig. tibiale-fibulare infra-anterius, 
(S. D.). 
11, O. epitrium, (S. D.). 
12, Tendon of the M. peronaeus tertius. 
13, Lig. annulare anterius calcis. 
14, “ “ externum calcis, (S.- 
D.). 
15, Lig. astragalo-calcaneum internum, 
(S.-D.). 
16, Lig. astragalo-naviculare internum, 
(S.-D.). 
17, Lig. naviculare-epitrium dorsalej 
(S.-D.). 
18, M. extensor brevis dig. pedis; 
18', 18", 18"', its three branches. 
19, M. adductor medius hallucis. 
20, O. II metatarsale. 
21, “ 111 
22, “ IV 
23, “V 
24, Mm. adductores hallucis. 
25, 26, Enlargements of the tendons of the 
M. cnemodactyleus over the meta- 
tarso-phalangial articulations; a. 
branch of same muscle terminating 
on the capsule. 
27, Frena of the tendons of the same. 
28, Tendons of the Mm. adductores 
longi digitorum pedis. 
29, Those of the M. adductores longi. 
30, 00. primi phalangis. 
31, “ secundi “ 
32, TheUngues-(claws). 
33, A portion of the integument uniting 
the toes out to their extremities, in the 
same manner as occurs in the fingers. 
34, Hood-like lobes which this dermal 
expansion forms over the claws. Plate X. 
Explanatory Index. 
57 
40, Enlargements formed over the first 
inter-phalangial articulations by the 
union of the tendons of Mm. cnemo- 
dactyleus, -extensor brevis dig. 
ped., -adductores longi and -abduc- 
tores longi dig. ped. 
Fig. 9. The same parts presenting the ligaments and muscles of the second 
layer. 
1, Portions of the Tibia and Fibula. 
2, Lig. annulare cruris ; a, its frenum. 
3, “ tibis-fibulare infra-anterius. 
4, Distal head of Tibia forming the 
malleolus internus. 
5, Distal head of Fibula forming the 
malleolus externus. 
6, Lig. tibio-astragaleum ant., (S.-D.). 
7, Lig. fibulo-calcaneum post., (S.-D.). 
8, Lig. tibio-calcaneum ant., (S.-D.). 
9, The tibio-tarsal capsule. 
10, Lig. tibio-tarsale anterius, (S.-D.). 
11, O. cuneiforme (tarsi). 
12, O. epitrium, (S.-D.). 
13, Lig. annulare anterius calcis. 
14, “ astragalo-calcaneum internum, 
(S.-D.). 
15, Lig. calcaneo-naviculare internum, 
(S.-D.). 
16, Lig. naviculo-epitrium dors., (S.-D.). 
17, Lig. annulare externum calcis, (S.- 
D.). 
18, Lig. naviculo, II metatarsale dor- 
sale, (S.-D.). 
19, M. adductor medius secundi digiti 
pedis, (S.-D.). 
20, Lig. cuneiforme, II metatarsale dor- 
sale. (S.-D.). 
21, M. abductor brevis quinti dig. ped., 
(S.-D.). 
22, 22', 22", M. extensor brevis dig. 
ped.; a, its tendon running to the 
second digit, and sending a branch h, 
to the cartilaginous granule 23, con- 
tained in the II metacarpo-phalangial 
articular capsule; c, branch running to 
the third toe, and giving a small 
branch d, to a cartilaginous granule 
24, contained in the capsule of that 
toe; f branch running to the internal 
side of the same toe, and sending a 
little branch d, to the same cartila- 
ginous granule ; 22", running to the 
fourth toe, gives also a little branch 
e, to the granule 26. 
26, Cartilaginous granule of the fifth me- 
tatarso-phalangial capsule. 
27, O. II metatarsale. 
28, “ 111 
29, “ IV 
30, “V " 
31, M. abductor longus secundi dig. 
ped. (S.-D.). 
32, M. adductor longus tertii dig. ped. 
(S.-D.) 
33, M. adductor longus tertii dig. ped. 
(S.-D.). 
34, M. abductor longus quarti dig. ped. 
(S.-D.). 
35, M. abductor longis quarti dig. ped. 
(S.-D.). 
36, M. adductor medius minime dig. 
ped. (S.-D.). 58 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate X. 
37, Fibrous cap covering the first inter- 
phalangial articulations. 
38, Lig. elastico-extensus internum 
tertii phalangis, (S. D.). 
39, Lig. elast.-ext. exter. tert. phal. (S.-D.). 
40, O. tertii. phalangis. 
41, Portions of the tendons of the M 
cnemodactyleus. 
Fig. 10. The distal end of the leg and the foot, plantar side ; the toes forced 
apart, to show the superficial layer of muscles. 
1, The extremity of the heel, (talus). 
2, Enlargement of the tendon of the M. 
flexor brevis digitorum pedis per- 
foratus covering the tip of the 
heel where it becomes continuous with 
the tendon of M. fusiformis, (S. D.). 
3, Lig. arcuatum astragaleum plantare, 
(S.-D.); and -arcuatum posterius in- 
ternimalleoli, (S.-D.). 
4, Lig. arcuatum posterius externi 
malleoli, (S.-D.). 
5, Lig. fibulo-calcaneum latero-exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
6, Tendons of M. peronaeus tertius. 
7, M. calcaneo-V metatarsale, (S.-D.). 
8, Tendon of M. flexor longus pollicis. 
9, Tendon of M. tibialis posticus. 
10, Lig. annulare externum calcis. 
11, M. abductor medium min. dig. ped., 
(S.-D.). 
12, Tendon of the M. peronaeus secundus. 
13, Tip of the O. V metatarsale. 
14, Tendon of M. tibialis anticus. 
15, O. I metatarsale. 
16, M. adductor medius secundi dig. 
ped., (S.-D.). 
17, M. adductor longus secundi dig. 
ped., (S.-D.). 
18, M. abductor brevis minimi dig. 
ped., (S.-D.). 
19, M. adductor longus minimi dig. ped. 
(S.-D.). 
20, Frenum of M. flexor brevis digito- 
rum pedis perforatus. 
21, Tendon of M. perodactyleus secundi 
digiti pedis. 
22, M. flexor brevis digitorum perfora- 
tus; a, b, c, d, its four heads; e, f, 
subdivision of the branches b and c, 
continuous with the Lig. infrapha- 
langiale profundum commune digi- 
torum pedis, (S.-D.). 
23, Mm. lumbricales of the third and 
fourth toes. 
24, M. lumbricalis of the fifth toe. 
25, “ “ of third digit. 
26, Lig. plantare commune digitorum 
ped., (S.-D.); a, b, c, its branches 
running to the external three toes and 
into the sole. 
27, Tendon of the M. perodactyleus (mi- 
nimi dig. ped.). 
28, Mm. abductores longus and medius 
secundi dig. ped., (S.-D.). 
29, M. abductor longus tertii digiti pe- 
dis, (S.-D.). 
30, M. adductor medius quarti dig. ped., 
(S.-D.). 
31, M. adductor medius minimi dig. 
ped., (S.-D.). 
32, Lig. annulare sesamoideorum. 
33, O. primi phalangis. 
34, Lig. infraphalangiale superficiale 
commune digitorum pedis, (S.-D.). Plate X. 
Explanatory Index. 
35, the sole; a, b, c, its three prominences 
or pads. 
36, Ligs. infraphalangiales. 
37, O. secundi phalangis. 
38, Tendons of M. perodactyleus (Riolan). 
39, The lesser pads. 
40, The claws, or Unguines. 
Fig. 11. The same parts and same view, hut exhibiting the second layer of 
muscles and ligaments. 
1, Extremity of Astragalus covered by 
articular cartilage, in order to facili- 
tate the gliding over it of the tendon 
of M. fusiformis plantaris, (S.-D.). 
2, a, Lig. arcuatum astragaleum plan- 
tare (S.-D.); b, Lig. arcuatum pos- 
terius interni Malleoli, (S.-D.) ; c, 
Lig. arc calcaneum plantare, (S.-D.). 
4, The distal head of the Fibula. 
5, s', Lig. calcaneo-V metatarsale 
plantare, (S.-D.), or M. calcaneo-V 
metatarsale, (S.-D.). 
6, Tendon of M. flexor longus hallucis 
which joins with that of the M. pero- 
dactyleus (Riolan). 15. 
7, Tendon of M. peronaeus tertius. 
8, Lig. annulare externum calcis, (S.- 
D.). 
9, Tip of the O. V metatarsale. 
10, Fibrous lamella of the apon. pedalis 
plantaris attached to the 00. calcis 
and metatarsum. 
11, M. accessorius perodactyli. 
12, “ abductor medius min. dig. ped., 
(S.-D.). 
13, M. abductor brevis min. dig. ped., 
(S.-D.). 
14, M. adductor longus min. dig. ped., 
(S.-D.). 
15, 15', Tendon of M. perodactyleus 
(Riolan); d, branch running to the 
second toe; e, branch running to the 
fifth toe. 
16, M. lumbricalis tertii dig. pedis. 
17, M. lumbricalis quarti dig. pedis. 
19, “ “ minimi “ “ 
18, O. primum (I) metatarsale. 
20, M. adductor medius secundi dig. 
ped., (S.-D.). 
21, M. adductor longus secundi dig. 
ped., (S.-D.). 
22, M. adductor brevis secundi dig. 
ped., (S.-D.). 
23, M. plantaris communis digitorum 
pedis ; a, b, c, branches running into 
the sole and to the fifth or little toe. 
24, M. lumbricalis tert. dig. ped. 
25, 26, 27, 28, the Ligs. annulares sesa- 
moideorum of the outer four toes. 
29, Portions of the tendon of M. flexor 
brevis digitorum pedis perforatus; 
a, sub-branches continuous with the 
Lag. infraplialangiale profundum 
commune digitorum pedis, (S.-D.). 
30, Branch of the M. perodactyleus 
(Riolan), running to the fourth toe. 
31, Mm abductores sec. dig. ped., (S.-D.). 
32, M. adductor tert. “ “ “ 
33, “ abductor quart. “ “ “ 
34, Mm. adductores min. “ “ “ 
35, O. primi phalangis. 
36, 37, 38. Lig. infraphal.profund.com. 
dig. ped., (S.-D.). 
39, Lig. elasticum, a branch of the Lig. 
plantare commune digitorum ped., 
running into the anterior part of the 
sole. 
40, Lig. elast., branch of the Lig. infra- 60 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate X. 
phalangiale profund. com. dig. ped., 
running into the antero-internal part 
of the sole of the foot. 
41, Lig. annulare infraphalangiale. 
42, 00. secundi phalangis ; a tendon of 
the M. perodactyleus (Riolan). 
43, 00. tertii phalangis. 
44, Outline of the sole. 
Fig. 12. The instep, anterior view. 
showing the hones and ligaments 
1, I', O. calcis; a, tuber externum. 
2, 2', The astragalum; 2, its “pulley” ; 
2', p. naviculare. 
3, Lig. astragalo-calcaneum dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
4, Lig. annulare externum calcis, (S.- 
D.). 
5, O. naviculare; a, t. internum. 
6, Lig. calcaneo-naviculare dorsale, (S.- 
D.). 
7, Lig. calcaneo-cuboideum dor. (S.-D.). 
8, Lig. calcaneo-cuboideum externum, 
(S.-D.) 
9, Lig. naviculo-cuboideum dorsale, (S.- 
D.) 
10, Lig. epitrio-cuboideum dorsale, (S.- 
DO- 
-11, Lig. naviculo-epitrium dorsale, (S.- 
D.). 
12, Lig. epitrio-IV metatarsale dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
13, Lig. chalcoido-“ cuneiforme ” dor- 
sale, (S. D.). 
14, O. “ cuneiforme ”. 
Between 14 and 16, Lig. “ cuneiforme ”- 
II metatarsale dorsale. (S.-D.). 
15, Lig. chalcoido-II metatarsale dor- 
sale, (S.-D.). 
16, Lig. epitrio-II meta. dors. (S.-D.). 
17, O. cuboideum 
18, “ epitrium, (S.-D.). 
19, Lig. epitrio-II metatarsale dorsale, 
longum (S.-D.). 
20, Lig. epitrio-II metatarsale dorsale 
breve, (S.-D.). 
21, Lig. II & IV metatarsale dorsale. 
22, “ cuboido-V metatarsale exter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
23, Lig. cuboido-IV metatarsale dor- 
sale, (S.-D.). 
24, Lig. cuboido-V metatarsale dorsale, 
(S.-D.). 
25, Lig. naviculo-chalcoideum plantare, 
internum, (S.-D.). 
26, 27, 28, 29, the external four metatar- 
sal bones. 
30, Lig. interosseum 11-111 metatarsale, 
(S.-D.). 
31, Lig. interosseum 111-IV metatarsale, 
(S.-D.). 
32, Lig. interosseum IV-V metatarsale, 
(S.-D.). 
Fig. 13. The plantar surface of the foot, the toes considerably extended 
and separated. 
1, O. calcis; V, its p. cuboideus. 
2, The Astragalus. 
3, Lig. annulare externum calcis, (S.-D.). 
4, O. cuboideum 
Between 4 and 5, Lig. cuboido-V meta- 
tarsale externum, (S.-D.). 
5, Proximal extremity of O. V metatar* 
sale. Plate X. 
Explanatory Index. 
61 
6, Lig. calcaneo-cuboideum plantare, 
(S.-D.). 
7, Lig. calcaneo-V granulum, (S.-D.). 
8, “ -epitrium plantare, 
(S.-D.). 
9, Lig. calcaneo -I metatarsale plan- 
tare, (S.-D.). 
10, Lig. calcaneo -chalcoideum plan- 
tare, (S.-D.). 
11, A portion of the tendon of M. tibialis 
posticus. 
12, Hooks of O. epitrium, (S.-D.). 
13, O. V granulum, (S.-D.), 
14, O. primum (I) metatarsale. 
15, “ secundum (II) “ 
16, Lig. cuboido-V granulum, (S.-D.). 
17, Origin of the Lig. plantare com. dig. 
pedis, (S.-D.). 
18, M. opponens min. dig. ped. (S.-D.) 
19, “ abductor brevis min. dig. ped. 
(S.-D.) 
20, M. adductor lon gus min. dig. ped. 
(S.-D.). 
21, The common plantar portion of the 
tendon of M. perodactyleus (Riolan,) 
dividing into four branches, a, b, c, 
d, which run to the external four toes. 
22, M. adductor lougus secundi digiti 
pedis, (S.-D.). 
23, M. adductor medius secundi digiti 
pedis, (S.-D.). 
24, M. adductor brevis secundi digiti 
pedis, (S.-D.). 
25, M. lumbricalis tert. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
26, “ lumbricalis quart.dig.ped. (S.-D.). 
27, “ lumbricalis min. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
28, “ abductor longus tertii digiti 
pedis, (S.-D.). 
29, M. adductor medius secundi digiti 
pedis, (S.-D.). 
30, M. add. long tert. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
31, “ abd. longus tert. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
32, “ add. long, quart, dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
33, “ abd. med. quart, dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
34, “ add. med. min. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
35, Ligs. annulares sesamoideorum cut 
to show the enlargement 36, of the 
tendon of M. flexor brevis digi- 
torum pedis perforates of which 
only a trace is seen. 
37, 00. primi phalangis. 
38, Tendons of the M. perodactyleus 
(Riolan). 
39, Lig. annulare infraphalangiale digi- 
torum pedis, (S.-D.). 
40, 00. secundi phalangis. 
41, “ tertii 
Fig. 14. The foot in the same position as above, showing the next deeper 
layer of muscles and ligaments. 
1, I', O. calcis. 
2, Astragalus; a, lag astragalo-calca- 
neum plantare, (S.-D.). 
3, tendon of the M. tibialis posticus, 
raised from its natural position. 
4, Lig. calcaneo-naviculare internum, 
(S.-D.). 
5, Lig. calcaneo-cuboideum plantare, 
(S.-D.,). 
6, groove for the M. perodactyleus on 
the O. calcis. 
7, Lig. calcaneo-naviculare plantare 
(S.-D.). 
9, O. naviculare; 9', t. internum. 
10, “ cuboideum; a, its canal. 
11, proximal superior extremity of the O. 
chalcoideum. Explanatory Index. 
Plate X. 
12, Lig. naviculo-I metatarsale inter- 
num, (S.-D.). 
13, Lig. chalcoido-I metatarsale plan- 
tare, (S.-D.). 
14, Lig. naviculo-epitrium plantare, (S.- 
D.). 
15, Lig. naviculo-I metatarsale plantare, 
(S.-D.). 
16, Lig. naviculo cuboideum plantare, 
(S.-D.). 
17, “ cuboido-V granulum, (S.-D.). 
18, “ “ -IV granulum “ 
19, summit of the hook of the O. epitrium. 
20, Osc. IV granulum, (S.-D.). 
21, O. V granulum, (S.-D.). 
22, rudiment of the O. primum I meta- 
tarsale. 
23, O. quintum (V) metatarsale. 
24, M. opponens min. dig. ped., (S.-D.). 
25, portions of the M. abductor brevis- 
quinti digiti pedis, (S.-D.). 
26, M. abd. med. sec. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
27, “ abd. long. sec. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
28, “ add. long. sec. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
29, “ abd. med. sec. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
30, “ add. brevis sec. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
31, “ add. med. quinti dig.ped. (S.-D.). 
32, “ add. long. ter. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
33, “ abd. long. tert. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
34, “ add. long, quart, dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
35, “ abd. med. quart, dig. ped. (S.-D.) 
36, 00. sesamoides of the several digits. 
37, Ligs. intersesamoides, (S.-D.). 
38, “ transversi sesamoideorum, (S.- 
D.). 
39, O. primi phalangis. 
40, “ secundi “ 
41, “ tertii “ ; a, t. inferius. 
Fig. 15. The foot, plantar surface, exhibiting the deepest layer of muscles 
and ligaments. 
1, O, calcis; a, p. cuboideus; b, t. in- 
ternum. 
2, Astragalus. 
3, p. naviculare of the latter. 
4, liig. calcaneo-naviculare internum, 
(S.-D.). 
5, Lig. naviculo-chalcoideum plantare 
internum, (S.-D.). 
6, t. internum of the O. naviculare. 
7, t. externo-plantare of same bone. 
8, Superior or proximal head of O. chal- 
coideum. 
9, O. cuboideum. 
10, Proximal extremity of O.quintum(V) 
metatarsale. 
11, Lig. naviculo-ouboideum plantare, 
(S.-D.). 
12, Groove of the O. cuboideum pro- 
longed to the O. I metatarsale, 26, 
13, Lig. quartum intergranulum, (S.-D.). 
14, “ chalcoido-epitrium plantare, 
(S.-D.). 
15, M. naviculo-chalcoideus, (S.-D.). 
16, Lig. tertium intergranulum, (S.-D.). 
17, “ epitrio - cuboideum plantare, 
(S.-D.). 
18, t. hamulare epitrii, (S.-D.). 
Between 18 and 23, Lig. chalcoido-epi- 
trium plantare, (S.-D.). 
Between 18 and 20, Lig. epitrio-IV gra- 
nulum, (S.-D.). 
19, Osc. Vgranulum, (S.-D.). 
20, “ IV 
21, " 111 
22, Lig. V granulo-V metat, (S.-D.). 
23, Lig. chalcoido-I metatarsale plan- 
tare, (S.-D.). 
24, Lig. epitrio-111 granulum, (S.-D.). Plate X. 
Explanatory Index. 
63 
25, Lig. I-II metat. plantare, (S.-D.). 
26, Rudiment of O. I metatarsale. 
27, O. II metatarsale. 
28, “ V metatarsale. 
29, M. abd. long, quarti dig.ped. (S.-D.). 
30, M. add. long, quarti dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
31, M. abd. long, tertii dig.ped. (S.-D.). 
32, “ add. brevis ter. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
34, “ add. long, tertii dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
35, “ abd. med. quar. dig. ped. (S.-D.). 
36, Ligs. intersesamoides, (S.-D.). 
37, 00. sesamoides. 
Fig. 16. The hones of the insteps, plantar surface, showing the deepest 
ligaments. 
A, The “ tarsus 
1, O. calcis; a, p. cuboideus; b, t. 
externum; 
I', its t. internum crossed by the canal 
for the M. perodactyleus (Riolan). 
2, Astragalus. 
3, p. naviculare of the latter. 
4, O. cuneiforme secundum. 
5, “ naviculare; a, its t. internum; 
i, t. posterius (navicularis). 
6, O. chalcoideum, (S.-D.). 
Between 6 and 7, Lig. interosseum- 
chalcoido-epitrium, (S.-D.). 
7, O. epitrium; 7', t. hamulare epitrii, 
(S.-D.). 
8, Lig. cuboido-IV .granulum, (S.-D.). 
9, O. cuboideum. 
10, Osc. 11l granulum, (S.-D.). 
Between 10 and 11, Lig. tertium inter- 
granulum, (S.-D.). 
11, Osc. IV granulum, (S.-D.). 
Between 11 and 12, Lig. quartum in- 
tergranulum, (S.-D.). 
Below 11, Lig. IV granulo-IV metatar- 
sale, (S.-D.). 
12, Osc. V granulum, (S.-D.). 
13, Lig. IV granulo-IV metatarsale, (S.- 
D). 
14, Lig. interosseum calcaneo-navicu- 
lare, (S.-D.). 
15, Lig. epitrio-I metatarsale plantare, 
(S.-D.). 
16, 17, Lig. V granule-V metat. (S.-D.). 
18, Lig. I-111 metat. plantare, (S.-D..). 
19, “ 111 granlulo-111 metat. (S.-D.)> 
20, “ 111-IV metat. plantare, (S.-D.). 
B. The metatarsus. 
21, rudiment of O. I metatarsale. 
22, O. II metatarsale. 
23, “ 111 
24, “ IV 
25, “V “ 
On the last four bones, abc, is the 
distal head; a, t. internum; b, t. ex- 
ternum ; c, the “keel” (la carine), 
of the middle. 
26, 27, 28, Ligs. interossei between the 
00. metarsales. 
Fig. 17. The same parts as in the last figure except the O. calcis, which 
has been removed. 
A. The Tarsus. 
1, Astragalus; a, a portion of its “pul- 
ley”; b, c, its two facets of articula- 
tion with the O. calcis; d, rough 
groove which separates them; e, p. 
naviculare. 
2, Space occupied by the p. cuboideus 
(calcis). 64 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate XI. 
3, “ body ” of the O. epitrium. 
4, O. naviculare; a, its t. internum 
c, t. posterius (navicularis). 
o, O. chalcoideum, (S.-D.). 
6, t. hamulare epitrii, (S-D.). 
7, O. cuboideum; a, its groove. 
B. The Metatarsus. 
8, rudiment of the O. I metatarsale. 
9, O. II metatarsale. 
■j a ti ttt u ~) Ci, facet for artic- 
J.O, I uiaj;ioll with the 
11 « ttt « l-J “granules”Osoi. 
v j’j granuli, (S.-D.). 
lO « -vr ii over the several 
v J L joints. 
13, Lig. astragalo-naviculare plantare, 
(S.-D.). 
Fig. 18. The hones of the left instep seen from in front. 
A. The Tarsus. 
1, I', The astragalus; 1, its pulley; 
I', p. naviculare (astragali). 
2, 2', O. calcis; 2, the heel, talus; 2', 
p. cuboideus (calcis) and the “sinu- 
ous cavity ”. 
3, O. naviculare; a, t. internum (navi- 
cularis). 
4, O. chalcoideum, (S.-D.). 
5, “ cuneiforme secundum. 
6, “ epitrium, (S.-D.). 
7, “ cuboideum; a, commencement of 
its groove. 
B. The Metatarsus. 
8, O. 11 metatarsale, 
9, “ 111 
10, “ IV “ , 
11, “ V “ ; a, its distal ex- 
tremity, 
In these last four bones, abc, is the 
distal head; a, b, t. laterale; c, the 
articular head. 
Plate XI. 
The skeleton entire seen from the left side, in a natural position in order to 
show the relations of the several parts; the external ear alone is 
suppressed. 
1, Cartilage parrhinalis; a, C. ephi-ir 
nalis, (S.-D.). 
2, O. nasale. 
3, “ parietale. 
4, The frontal lamina of the O. frontis; 
a, its “metopinal” extremity; b, its 
angular process, bd, commencement of 
the curved temporal line. 
4', orbital lamina of O. frontis; de, 
fronto-parietal suture. 
5, O. parietale, ah, suture with O. 
wormianum, ad, sagittal suture and 
continuation of the cuvred temporal 
line, die, squamous suture. 
6, afg, O. wormianum, gf, lambdoid 
suture. 
7, exterior part of O. petrosum (Dulau- 
rens); e, p. styloideus. 
8, O. mastoideum. 
9, “ tympanicum; d, i. stylomas- 
toideum ; i, the manubrium mallei 
extending to the membrana tympani; 
hn, the support of the latter. 
10, O. exoccipitalis; a, p. jugularis of Plate XI. 
Explanatory Index. 
65 
O. paroccipitalis, b, its suture with 
“ suprabccipitale (Owen), c, occi- 
pital condyle. 
11, O. suprabccipitale (Owen). 
12, C. alaris (nasi). 
13, O. premaxillare; m, its vertical plate. 
14, 18, Maxillary bone, (“ siagonal ” or 
“ siagon ”, (Str.-Dur.); O. maxillare 
(superius). 
14,. a, d, its p. nasalis (max. sup.); b, tuber- 
osity of the internal angle of the orbit 
to which is attached the M. orbicu- 
laris palpebrarum; d, canine emi- 
nence;#, canine fossa; h, f. infraor- 
bitale ; hn, p. malaris; m, extremity 
of O. malare. 
15, Lachrymal bone, {unguis (S.-D.)). 
0. lacrymale ; c, can. lacrymalis. 
16, Superior incisor teeth. 
17, Canine “ 
18, Alveolar border of O. maxillare; a, 
first premolar; b, second premolar; c, 
third premolar; d, first molar; n, pos- 
terior extremity of dentiferous portion 
of the bone. 
19, Malar bone, O. malare; a, p. fron- 
talis ; ib, p. zygomaticus malaris, 
(S.-D.). ihm, suture with O. maxil- 
lare ; am, orbital border. 
20, The squamous portion of the O. 
squamosum; eo, its posterior pro- 
longation. 
20', p. zygomaticus (squamosi); ed, its 
anterior branch, forming the posterior 
part of the zygomatic arch; ce, longi- 
tudinal root of the p. zygomaticus ; 
1, p. postglenoidalis (squamosi), 
situated behind the glenoid fossa, 
which receives the condyle of the jaw 
21. g. 
21, The jaw (:m&choire) or mandible, 
(O. maxillare inferius) ; a, its ante- 
rior extremity; d, coronoid fossa; e, 
the first premolar tooth; f, the sec- 
ond premolar tooth; g, the condyle; 
h, p. angularis (mandibulae) or the 
‘ ‘ angle ”; i, f. mentale. 
21', Extremity of the p. coronoideus. 
22, Inferior canine tooth. 
23, “Body” of the hyoid, or “basi- 
hyal”; e, left extremity of Hyoid 
apparatus; g, its body, or Basihyal. 
24, Come cephalique (S.-D.) of the hyoid 
apparatus; a, the Ceratohyal; b, 
the Epihyal (Owen); c, the Stylo- 
hyal (Owen) ; d, the C. stylohyo- 
idea. 
25, Thyrohyal. 
26-29, liarnynx. 
26, Thyroid cartilage, C. thyroidea 
aced, its left wing; f g. its come 
superieur (S.-D.).; g, its come in- 
ferieur (S.-D.). 
27, Cricoid cartilage; C. cricoidea ; a, its 
lateral tuberosity; b, its “chaton,” 
28, The Epiglottis. 
29, Arytenoid cartilage; C. arytaenoidea. 
A. B. C. D.E. The spine, or vertebral 
column. A, cervical region; B, the 
middle part of the dorsale region, (pos- 
terior of Str.-Dur.). [The first three 
vertebrae of C, belong to dorsal series 
of other authors]; C, its “ lumbar re- 
gion” (Str.-Dur.), see above; D, 
sacral region ; E, caudal region. 
31, The Atlas, or first cervical vertebra; a, 
“ body ” of the vertebra, or centrum; 
be, its pedicle and lamina, or neural 
arch; d, its p. antobliquus (S.- 
D.), {anterior zygapophysis (Owen), 
prezygapophysis (Huxley), superior 
or anterior articular process of Explanatory Index. 
Plate XL 
Human anatomists and most of the 
older anatomists), in which is a 
depression for the reception of, and 
articulation with the occipital con- 
dyle, e. p. postobliquus, (S.-D.) ; 
posterior zygapophysis (Owen), post- 
zygapophysis (Huxley), post-oblique 
process (Str.-Dur.). inf. or post, artic- 
ular process); fg., the united par-and 
diapophyses (Owen), transverse and 
plagian processes united of Str.- 
Dur., the transverse process, p. trans- 
versus; 7i, f. intervertebrale; i, f. 
atlautis, (S.-D.). 
32, The Axis, or 2d cervical vertebra; a, 
its “body”, centrum; be., spinous 
process, p. spinosus, (neural spine, 
neurapophysis (Owen); d, p. post- 
obliquus, (S.-D.);/, transverse pro- 
cess, p. transversus (transverse and 
plagian united (Str.-Dur.); g, foramen 
for the vertebral artery, f. vertebrar- 
terium; h, f. intervertebrale ; i, p. 
antobliquus, (S.-D.). 
33, 34, 35, 36, 37, the five following cer- 
vical vertebrae; a, centra,of each; b, 
neural spines, pp.spinosi; c, pp. an- 
tobliqui (S.-D.) ; d, pp. postobliqui, 
(S.-D.); e, pp. costellares, (S.-D.) ; 
/, p. transversus (transv. and plag. 
united (S.-D.) ; h. f. interverte- 
brale. 
36, e, e', The two branches of the p. cos- 
tellaris, (S.-D.), present thus only 
in this vertebra. (The first dorsal 
vertebrae corresponding to the Nos. 
37-39 are hidden by the shoulder blade 
(Scapula) 101. 
40-47, & 48-50, The remaining ten of the 
13 dorsal vertebras. 
(Str.-Dur. calls 37-47 dorsal vertebrae and 
48-50 ‘ ‘ Les trois yertebres lombaires 
costiniferes ”). 
а, body, centrum, “ corps ” ; 5, p. 
transversus; c, p. plagius, (S.-D.) ; 
d, anterior articular facet; e, posterior 
articular facet borne upon a rudiment 
of the p. postobliquus, (S.-D.);/, 
р. spinosus ; i, f. intervertebrale. 
51-57, The Lumbar vertebrae; a, centra; 
б, pp. transversi; c, pp. plagii, (S.- 
D.) ; d, pp. antobliquus, (S.-D.) ; e, 
pp. postobliquus, (S.-D.); /, pp. 
spinosi; g, ff. intervertebralia. 
58-59-60, The three sacral vertebrae a, b, 
с, and f as above. 
61-81, The twenty-two caudal vertebrae 
a, b, c, d, e, and /, and i, as above ; h, 
costettes (Str.-Dur.). 
82, Bone of the Penis, (O. penis). 
83-95, The thirteen ribs and riblets, 
costae; I, the extremity of the 
cartilage articulated with the Ster- 
num ; m, their angles ; ii, their artic- 
ulation with the cartilages; o, the car- 
tilaginous “sternal ribs”; pf the 
tuberosities (tuberculi costorum); 
r, the heads (capituli costorum). 
96-97, The Sternum. 
96, The presternum, or first sternal 
piece; ab, its prolongation in front 
of the first ribs; I, the articulation of 
the first two sternal pieces, with the 
first pair of ribs; c,d, e,/ g, h, the 
last six sternal pieces, or mesoster- 
num. 
97, iJc, the ensiform appendix, xiphister- 
num; k, its terminal disk. 
98, The O. ilium; a, antero-superior 
spine; b, epiphysis, and supra-pos- 
terior spine ; c, antero-inferior spine ; 
d, infra-posteriot spine. Plate XL 
Explanatory Index 
67 
98, de, Ilio-sacral groove; f eminentia 
pectinalis; eg, ischiadic-spine; no, 
cotyloid cavity; p, rugositi for the 
insertion of the M. promeralis, (S.- 
D.). 
99, O. ischium; hi, epiphysis and tuber- 
osity of same; gh, ischiadic groove; 
m, f. obturatorium; Ip, ischic sym- 
physis. 
100, O. pubis; h', “lesser trochanter” 
of right Femur; j, spine of O. 
pubis; jkl, pubic symphysis. 
101-109, Left anterior member. 
lOr-109', Right “ “ . 
101-102, Bones of the shoulder. 
103, Bone of the arm. Brachium. 
101-5, Bones of the forearm. Ante- 
brachium. 
106, Bones of the Palmure, (S.-D.). 
1-07, “ “ Carpus, or wrist. 
108, “ “ Metacarpus, or palm. 
109, “ “ Digits, or fingers. 
101, The Scapula; act, “supra sca- 
pular” border; cd, “spine” of the 
scapula; d, p. recurrens (scapulae); 
e, p. acromialis; e, its tuberosity; 
fg, border of the scapulo-hnmeral 
glenoid cavity; h', p. corocoideus; 
acdef, supra-spinous fossa; hcdg, infra 
spinous fossa. 
102, Clavicle, Clavicula; a, its internal, 
or sternal extremity; h, its external, 
or acromial extremity. 
103, Humerus, or Os. humeri; ab, its 
head; cd, great or radial tuberosity; 
e, “small”, or ulnar ” tuberosity ; i', 
“ bicipital groove”, or fos. intertu- 
bercularis ; f, epicondyle (Chaus.), 
“ external condyle ” ; gh, “condyle", 
articulating with Radius; fc, com- 
mencement of supinator ridge; k'l', 
epitrochlee (Chaus.), internals con- 
dyle ; m', trochlea articulating with 
Ulna; n,' bony arch over for. supra- 
condylare ; o', foramen for nutritive 
artery, cp, external deltoid ridge; 
dp, anterior deltoid ridge; r, superior 
internal crest, (S.-D.). 
101, Ulna; ab, p. anconeus, or “ Olecran- 
on ”; cdj, border of the greater 
“sigmoid fossa”; df “ coronoid 
process”, (p. coronoideus); I, p. 
styloideus ulnae, forming the inferior 
extremity of the Ulna. 
105, Radius ; a, its superior, (or prox- 
imal) head; mn, inferior, or distal 
head; uJ, p. styloideus radii; o, 
“ bicipital eminence ”. 
106-109, Hand. 
106, Palmure, (S.-D.). 
107, Carpus, composed of separate osselets; 
a, O. scaphoides (manus); b, O. 
lunare; c, O. cuneiforms (carpi); 
d, O. pisiforme; e', O. phacoides, 
(S.-D.); /, O. trapezium; gg’, O. 
trapezoides ■ hh' O. magnum ; i, O. 
unciforme. 
108, Metacarpus, composed of five meta- 
carpal bones I, 11, 111, IV, V; Jc, I, 
(or stathos of Str.-Dur.); I, 11, rn, 111, 
n, IV, o, V. 
109, Digits, (digiti manus), formed each 
of five osselets; a, 00. sesamoidea. 
bed, O. primi phalangis; e'fg', O. 
II phalangis, ‘ ‘ ungual phalanx ” of 
thumb; e'fg', O. II phalangis; hlk, 
and h'l'k', O. 111. phalangis. 
110- Bones of the posterior members. 
110, Thigh or “Femur ”. 
111- Leg. 
114-117, Foot, Pedis. 
114, cou-de-pied (S.-D.). 68 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate XII. 
115, Tarsus. 
116, Metatarsus. 
117, Toes, or digiti pedis. 
110, The bone of the thigh, or Femur; a, 
the trochanter major; b, the troch- 
anter minor ; cdjkq, and m'n'o', in- 
ferior epiphysis, forming, by its arches 
cdjk and m'n'o', the external and in- 
ternal condyles; gg', Osc. cri- 
thoideum externum, (S.-D.); i, Osc. 
crithoideum internum, (S.-D.); qr, 
“ linea aspera ” externa; ps, “ line a 
aspera ” interna. 
111, Tibia; abd, abe, superior, or proxi- 
mal head of same; a, its angle ; ab, 
its epiphysis, and cartilaginous facet 
against which is applied the ligament 
of the Patella; be, external condyle, 
b'd', internal; fg'h'i', inferior, or dis- 
tal head; h', tuberosity forming the 
malleolus interims ; g', groove for 
the M. flexor pollicis ; h, O. popli- 
taeum, (S.-D.) ; e, groove for M. tibi- 
alis posticus. 
112, Fibula; ab, its superior or proximal 
head; cde, its inferior, or distal head; 
d, tuberosity forming the malleolus 
externus; cd, groove for the tendon 
of M. peronaeus primus. 
113, Patella, or knee pan (Fr. Rotule.) 
115, Tarsus, composed of seven bones; 
ab, astragalus; a, its “trochlea”; 
b, V, p. navicularis (astragali). 
cde', calcaneum ; cd, tuber calcis; 
e, external tuberosity; hh', O. navi- 
culare ; i', O. chalcoideum, (S.-D.). 
= O. cuneiforme primum; k, O. 
cuneiforme, (S.-D.) = O. cuneiforme 
secundum; I, I', O. epitrium (S.-D.). 
= O. cuneiforme tertium; m, O. 
cuboideum. 
116, Metatarsus, composed of 5 bones, 
I, 11, 111, IV, and V,—a, b, c, d, and e. 
117, The toes composed of five bones each; 
a, a', orsa sesamoidea; bed, efg, 
and hikl, are the phalangial bones— 
Ossa primi, secundi and tertii-pha- 
langis, (pedis). 
Plate XII. 
Fig. 1. The skull seen from above, with nothing absent but the external ear. 
1, O. nasale ; A, C. epirhinalis; t, C. 
parrhinalis. 
2, 2', O. frontis. 
2, abcdfg, frontal lamina of same ae, 
p. metopium (frontis, (S.-D.)); d, p. 
angularis; ag, “frontal suture ”; df, 
commencement of the curved “tem- 
poral line de, “orbital arch ”. 
2", orbital lamina, of O. frontis. 
2', 3, 12, 12', “ temporal fossa 
3, O. parietale ; fh, crest forming the 
continuation of the curved temporal 
line, circumscribing the temporal 
fossa above; gh, sutura sagittalis. 
4, 00. wormiana; ii, sutura lamb- 
doida. 
5, O. supraoccipitale (Owen) ; aa, cres- 
ta occipitalis. Plate XII. 
Explanatory Index. 
69 
6, O. premaxillare; g, 3d incisor, seen 
shortened. 
7, 8, O. maxillare (superius). 
7, The palatine lamina of same, seen in 
the orbit. 
8, The lamina forming the p. nasalis. 
9, Part of the O. palatina. 
10, O. lacrymale; ag, can. lacryma- 
lis; 
b, tuberosity situated at the opening 
of the canal. 
11, Canine tooth—shortened. 
12, 12', Part of O. squamosum, ck, 
squamous lamina; hi, posterior pro- 
longation; 12', p. zygomaticus. 
13, O. malare; a, frontal process, p. 
frontalis ; b, for. infraorbitale (max- 
illaris). 
Fig. 2. Inferior view of the skull; the lower jaw, the teeth of the right side 
and the hyoid apparatus are removed. 
1, O. presphenoideum, or “rostral” 
process. 
2, Part of the orbital lamina of the O. 
frontis. 
3, 3', 3", The “ Sphecdide ”, (Str.-Dur.), 
3, O. basisphenoideum, or body of 
“Sphdcdide”; 3', O. pterygoideum, 
de, “ hamular process”, p. ptery- 
goideus internus ; 3", O. alisphe- 
noideum, or “ ptdrale ” process; f, 
for. rotundum ; g, f. ovale, and en- 
trance for the “ Eustachian tube ”. 
4, O. basioccipitale; d, f. lacerum 
posteriua ; ee, posterior border, con- 
curring in the formation of the f. mag- 
num eei, f. magnum. 
5, Posterior extremity of the O. vomeris. 
7, O. petrosum. 
8, 9, “ tympanic bulla ”; 8, part formed 
by O. mastoideum; abd, f. lacerum 
posterius; g, entrance for the Eu- 
stachian tube; 9, part formed by the 
O. tympanicum; h, meatus audi- 
torius externus. 
10, O. exoccipitale; be, suture with the 
“ supraoccipitale; d, p. parocci- 
pitalis; ee, “ occipital ’ ’ condyles. 
11, O. supraoccipitale (“ occipital ”, 
Str.-Dur.); aa, occipital arch; 00, bor- 
der entering into the formation of f. 
magnum. 
12, O. premaxillare ; a, b, c, incisor 
teeth; a'b'c, alveoli of same; q, f. pal- 
atinum anterius; s, post, extremity 
of palatine lamella of O. premax- 
illare. 
13, 13', O. palatinum; 13, cefg, naso- 
palatine lamina; a, b, ff. palatini 
posteriores; c, “guttural’' spine; 
eg, suture between the two bones; ef, 
posterior prolongation going to join 
the p. pterygoideus internus; 13' 
nasal lamina of O. palatinum. 
14, 14', O. maxillare (superius); 14', 
its palatine lamina; d, canine tooth; 
efk, premolar teeth; i, molar tooth; 
k, alveolus of the canine; I, alveolus 
of Ist premolar; mn, alveolus of 2d 
premolar; o, p, q, alveolus of 3d pre- 
molar; r, alveolus of Ist molar; 14', 
p. malaria (maxillaris); ab, maxillo- 
malar suture. 
15, O. malare; ab, maxillo-malar suture; 
bf, p. zygomaticus (malaris); d, p, 
frontalis, extremity of. 
16, O. squamosum; adc, p. zygomaticus; 
ad, transverse root of same forming 
the glenoid cavity for the jaw; e, p. 70 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate XII. 
postglenoidalis (squamosi); h, Glas- 
serian fissure; h7, longitudinal root 
of same; adc ands/, 15, together form 
the zygomatic arch. 
Fig. 3. Interior profile of the right half of the skull, the jaw and hyoid 
wanting. 
a/3, Section of an horizontal plane serving 
for the base of the skull, passing over 
the alveolar border of the incisors y, 
and the lowest part of the occipital 
fossa. 
yd, Line passing by the same alveolar bor- 
der and tangent to the cranial cavity 
6, forming with the basal plane the 
facial angle dy/?. 
(??, Perpendicular to the plane a/3, and 
tangent to the anterior extremity of 
the cranial cavity, at the point 0, the 
part of the head in front of this line 
forms the “face ”, that behind it the 
“ cranium ”. 
1, C. mesorhinalis, forming the partition 
of the nasal fossae, and representing 
the centrum of the rhinal vertebra, 
(S.-D.); a, anterior border separating 
the anterior nares; b, fissure separa- 
ting this cartilage from the partition 
formed by the O. ethmoideum; c, 
C. epirhinalis, (S.-D.). 
2, Vertical plate of the O. ethmoideum, 
forming the partition of the posterior 
part of the nasal fossae, and the body, 
or centrum of the ethmoidal vertebra, 
“the second of the head,” (Straus- 
Durckheim); abcdl, osseous part of 
this partition; ah, cut edge of ‘1 cribri- 
form plate cd, anterior earth part 
of the partition; dhf, inferior earth 
part of the partition. 
3, Eight O. nasale, its vertical internal 
lamina; c, C. epirhinale, (S.-D.). 
4, O. presphenoideum (centrum of the 
3d cephalic vertebra (Straus-Durck- 
heim)); fgik, partition of the sphe- 
noidal sinus; goi, O. orbitosphe- 
noideum (Owen); k, f. opticum. 
5, 6, O. frontis; aldce, ethmoidal lami- 
na contiguous to that of the opposite 
side, and separating the frontal sinus; 
6, Oeoh, orbital and frontal laminae. 
7, O. basisphenoideum (centrum of 
the 4th cervical vertebra, (S.-D.), cut 
in the middle in the plane acdik\ c, p. 
quadratus, (S.-D.) = ? clinoid process; 
d, sella turcica; do, O. alisphenoi- 
deum; g, p. pterygoideus inter- 
nus. 
8, 8' O. parietale; eoah, temporal lamina; 
ihlmck, bony lamina forming half of 
the ossified tentorium. 
9, O. Wormianum. 
10, “ basioccipitale; ah, canal lodging 
the inferior “ petral sinus”, 
11, 11', O. petrosum (Dulaurens), 
“Periotic”; be/, O. petrosum (of 
most writers) or “ pars (petrosal ” ; i, 
“ acoustic canal ” ; 11', posterior pro- 
cess of O. petrosum; f the summit; 
hg, lateral groove. 
12, “Tympanic bulla ”. 
13, O. exoccipitale; a, “occipital” con- 
dyle; ah, edge of the f. magnum; e, 
f. condyloideum posterius; f f. 
condyloideum anterius. 
14, O. basioccipitale. 
15, “ premaxillare; ah, its palatine 
lamina. 
16, hd, O. vomer is; 6, its anterior pro- Plate XII. 
Explanatory Index. 
cess; d, its posterior process; ef, O. 
palatinum. 
17, Dentary part of O. maxillare (supe- 
rius). 
18, Incisor teeth. 
19, Canine tooth. 
20, Premolar and molar teeth. 
Fig. 4.—0. ethmoideum, superior surface, 
ab, superior mass of anfractuosities ; 
cd, anterior mass of anfractuosities; 
ef, interval for the median vertical 
partition; g, anterior extremity of O. 
vomeris. 
Fig. s.—The same, inferior view; ah, su- 
perior mass of anfractuosities ; cd, 
anterior mass of anfractuosities; 
h, b, transverse lamina; e, anterior 
extremity of the median vertical par- 
tition ; g, third mass, or “ Cornua 
Bertini”; aafh, the O. vomeris 
united at aa with the superior mass e. 
Fig. 6.—0. ethmoideum, posterior view ; 
ab, superior mass; cd, anterior mass; 
e, e, “Cornua Bertini"; ffhbgg, 
“ cribriform plate ”, separated above 
by a fissure into which the two verti- 
cal lamina of the 00. frontea pene- 
trate. 
Fig. 7.—The same—leftside; abcm, supe- 
rior mass; befgc, anterior mass; bgc, 
transverse lamina; g, “O. planum”; 
ihm, Cornua Bertini; dmh, edge of 
“cribriform plate”; nikl, the O. 
vomeris soldered to the O. ethmoid- 
eum at the point i; Ik, edge by which 
it is suturally united with the 00. 
palatina ; kn, infero-posterior border, 
free in the nasal fossa. 
Fig. B.—The left C. parrhinalis, (S.-D.), 
and C. alaris nasi, (S.-D.), showing 
the internal surface ; achg, C. parrhi- 
nalis, (S.-D.); def C. alaris nasi, 
(S.-D.); acb, the superior cut edge of 
the C. parrhinalis, (S.-D.), being con- 
tinuous with that of the C. mesorhi- 
nalis, (S.-D.); eg, oblique crest, later- 
al prolongation of the crest of same 
cartl; he, lateral edge of the nares; 
adf border by which the two pieces 
are posteriorly continuous with the O. 
maxilloturbinale (Owen). 
Fig. 9.—The left O. maxilloturbinale 
(Owen), internal view; ah, lamina of 
origin, being articulated with the 
nasal process of the O. maxillare 
(superius); ce, posterior edge united 
by suture with the oblique crest of the 
same bone; ac, truncated angle next 
the O. lacrymale; d, vertical lamina 
arising from the lamina of origin; ef, 
secondary lamina forming several 
folds in front. 
Fig. 10.—Nasal hone, O. nasale, external 
view; ab, anterior extremity; cd, a 
lamina suturally separated from the 
vertical lamina of the O. frontis; e, 
a part of the nasal fossa. 
Fig. 11.—The O. lacrymale, external 
view; a, tuberosity forming part of 
that of the adjacent O. maxillare, 
which is often wanting; ah, lachrymal 
groove, and edge which joins with the 
p. nasalis (supermaxillae); cd, bor- 
der of articulation with the p. antor- 
bitalis; de, that with the p. orbito- 
nasalis, (S.-D.), of the O. palatinum; 
eg, that with the body of the O. max. 
(sup.); g, groove receiving the ex- 
tremity of the O. malare. 
Fig. 12.—The same, internal view; of, bor- 
der of articulation with the p. nasalis 
(maxillaris sup.); h, angle of articula- 72 
JExplanatory Index. 
Plate XII. 
tion with the O. maxilloturbinalis 
(Owen), and the O. malare; eg, bor- 
der articulating with the orbito-nasal 
fold of the O. palatinum; acd, that 
united to the orbital lamina of the 
O. frontis. 
Fig. 13.—The “ Sphenoid ” Bone, superior 
view; ah, the body of the bone. O. 
presphenoideum (Owen); h, anteri- 
or edge of the sella turcica; ff, supra- 
anterior edge of the f. lacerum an- 
terius; cd, line of articulation with 
O. frontis; dd, pp. Ingrassiani, or 
“processes of Ingrassias ee, ff. optici 
and grooves uniting them, and in 
which the optic nerves lie; ac, ac, 
orifices of the “ sphenoidal sinus”. 
Fig. 14.—The same, inferior view; ah, 
protuberance forming what is called 
the “ rostrum”, or p. azyges ; a, its 
anterior extremity; ac, orifices of 
“sphenoidal sinus”; cd, border of 
articulation with the “ orbito-nasal ” 
lamina of the O. palatinum and the 
р. pterygoideus internus; edf 
border of articulation with O. alis- 
phenoideum (Owen); ff, surface of 
articulation with O. basisphenoi- 
deum (Owen). 
Fig. 15.—The same, showing the left side; 
ah, O. orbitosphenoideum (Owen); 
hed, articulates with the 00. pala- 
tina and the p. pterygoideus inter- 
nus; de, internal edge of the f. lacer- 
um anterius ; ae, margin uniting with 
O. alisphenoideum; f f. opticum. 
Fig. 16.—The same, anterior view; ah, 
partition of the “ Ethmoidal sinus” c, 
с, a, end view of the inferior edge of 
the p. azyges; ef ef, O. orbitos- 
phenoideum (Owen). 
Fig. 17.—The same, posterior view; h, in- 
ferior edge of the p. azyges ; c, c, O. 
orbitosphenoideum (Owen); cd, 
surfaces of articulation with the ‘ ‘ or- 
bital lamina ” of the 00. frontis; e, 
e, ff. optici and grooves for the optic 
nerves; cf, surface of articulation 
with the 00. pterygoidei; fi, supra- 
internal edge of the f. lacerum an- 
terius. 
Fig. 18.—The left Frontal hone, O. frontis, 
internal surface; abed, vertical lamina 
applied against that of the opposite 
side and forming the partition be- 
tween the two sinuses; ad, edge ar- 
ticulating with the O. uasale ; cd, that 
with the single median lamina of the 
O. ethmoideum ; edefg, “orbital” 
lamina, showing the impressions of 
the ethemoidal anfractuosities; ef, 
edge of articulation with O. lacry- 
male; fg, that of articulation with 
the O. palatinum; gh, articulation 
with O. orbitosphenoideum (Owen); 
hh, articulation with O. parietale; 
hch, surface entering into the wall of 
the cranial cavity. 
Fig. 19.—The left O. palatinum, superior 
view; a-i, “orbito-nasal” lamina; ah, 
articulation with O. lacrymale; hd, 
articulation with the orbital lamina of 
the O. frontis ; de, articulation with 
the O. orbitosphenoideum (Owen); 
ef, articulation with p. zygomaticus; 
fh, infra-lateral free edge where the 
“ orbito-nasal ” lamina is folded back 
to form the “ naso-palatine ” lamina; 
h, f. spheno-palatinum; e, “ posterior 
palatine canal”; gkl, naso-palatine 
lamina; ag, articulation with orbital 
lamina of the O. maxillare (super- Plate XII. 
Explanatory Index. 
73 
ins); km, articulation with the pala- 
tine lamina of same; hi, articulation 
with the opposite bone. 
Fig. 20.—The same, external surface; ei, 
orbito-nasal lamina ; ah d efg hi£, as 
in fig. 19; gk, external edge of the 
“ naso-palatine ” lamina articulating 
with the “ palatine ” lam. of the O. 
maxillare (superius). 
Fig. 21.—The left O maxillare (superius), 
internal surface : ac, median surf ace; 
b, articulation with O. maxillotur- 
binale (Owen); cd, maxillo-palatine 
suture; eg, articulation with the O. 
malare; gj, articulation with the 
O. lacrymale; jk, articulation of the 
orb. lamina of the O. frontis; aih, 
articulation with the O. premax- 
illare (Owen); fg, crest upon which 
is articulated the “orbito-nasal” 
lam. of the O. palatinum, and the 
O. lacrymale; gik, p. nasalis; gi, 
groove forming, with the O. maxillo- 
turbinalis (Owen), the nasal part of 
the lacrymal canal; I, the canine 
tooth ; m, n, o, ■ the three premolar 
teeth ; p, the molar tooth. 
Fig. 22.—The left O. premaxillare and 
maxillare united, of an individual at 
the age of dentition, the two hones are 
opened on the internal surface to allow 
the germs of the secondary teeth to he 
seen; ab, O. premaxillare; c, inter- 
nal incisor teeth, already replaced; 
c, the third permanent incisor; def 
O. maxillare (superius); de, “body” 
of the bone ; df, its p. nasalis ; d, f. 
infraorbitale ; g, temporary canine 
tooth; h, permanent canine tooth; i, 
Ist permanent premolar tooth; j, 
germ of the 2d permanent pre- 
molar ; k, 2d temporary premolar 
tooth; I, 3d permanent pre-molar 
tooth. 
Fig. 23.—Left O. premaxillare of an 
adult, internal surface; bed, palatine 
lamina; be, p. nasalis ; ad, internal 
edge joining with the bone of the 
opposite side ; f incisor teeth. 
Fig. 24.—0. basisphenoideum (Owen), 
O. alisphenoideum (Owen) and O. 
pterygoideum united, superior view ; 
abb, O. basisphenoideum (Owen); c, 
“ sella-turcica ”; dd, p. quadratus; 
d, d, pp. clinoidei posteriores; old, 
O. alisphenoideum (Owen); fgo, its 
posterior lobe; bef, channel forming 
part of the for. lacerum anterius ; i, 
groove terminating at the orifice of 
the canalis Vidianus; k, for. ro- 
tundum; I, for. ovale ; mn, O. ptery- 
goideum, united by squamous suture 
with O. presphenoideum and O. 
palatinum. 
Fig. 25.—The same, inferior surface; abb, 
body of the vertebra, or O. basisphe- 
noideum; ac, fissure terminating at 
the orifice c; c, can. Vidianus; d, 
for. rotundum; bef, channel convert- 
ed into a foramen in old subjects, cor- 
responding to a part of the for. lace- 
rum anterius ; an, articl. with O. pre- 
sphenoideum; mn, articl. with O 
palatinum; k, p. pterygoideus in- 
ternus; canmj, O. pterygoideum; 
old, O. alisphenoideum (Owen); °f9> 
posterior lobe of same; i, channel 
forming part of the f. lacerum an- 
terius; j, for. ovale. 
Fig. 26.—The same, as seen from left side; 
a, posterior base of “body of the 
vertebra; bd, p. pterygoideus in- Explanatory Index. 
PLATiC XII. 
ternus; e, lamina forming the O. 
pterygoideum and articulating in 
front at b with the O. palatinum, and 
inside with the O. presphenoideum; 
f for. ovale; g, for. rotundum; hi, 
O. alisphenoideum (Owen); ok, its 
posterior lobe. 
Fig. 27.—The two Ossa parietalia united. 
Posterior view; a, “sutura sagitta- 
lis”; abed, articl. with O.' Wormi- 
anum; abg, posterior edge; eghil, the 
“ Tentorium ”; h, k, median depres- 
sion of the cerebellar fossa; n, n, 
lateral cerebellar impression; hi, articl. 
with the posterior lobe of the O. 
alisphenoideum; go, squamous su- 
ture with the O. squamosum. 
Fig. 28.—Left Os squamosum of a young 
subject, posterior view; a, “posterior 
process”; b, “squamous” portion; 
adc, p. zygomaticus; da, posterior 
or longitudinal root; efd, anterior or 
transverse root bearing the glenoid 
cavity cf; de, zygomatic branch; f 
p. postglenoidalis. 
Fig. 29.—The same, internal surface; a, 
“posterior process”; bd, squamous 
part, making part of the wall of the 
cranial cavity; aif, portion articula- 
ting with Os mastoideum and Os. 
petrosum; ef, superior edge of Os. 
tympanicum; defi, portion of the 
ossicular cavity of the tympanum; 
de, part with which the caput mallei 
articulates; di, place in which the 
Incus lies fixed by means of the Lig. 
squammo-incudeum, (S.-D.); i, Lig. 
squammo-incudeum, (S.-D,); cd, 
extremity of p. zygomaticus ; h, p. 
postglenoidalis. 
Fig. 30.—The two “Mandibulge ”, or Ossa 
maxillare inferiora, the teeth being 
removed from the left “ ramus ’’, superior 
view; ab, the condyle of the jaw; be, 
dental branch, or “ ramus ”; cd, sym- 
phasis menti; e, p. genianus; f 
summit of p. coronoideus ; g, alveoli 
of the incisive teeth or “incisors”; 
h, alveolus of the canine tooth; i, the 
two alveoli of the Ist premolar tooth; 
k, the two alveoli of the 2d molar tooth; 
i, “ “ “ 3d “ “ ; 
m, “ Incisors”, or incisive teeth; n, 
canine tooth; o, Ist premolar tooth; 
p, 2d molar tooth; q, 3d molar tooth; 
r, base of p. coronoideus. 
Fig. 31.—The left Mandibula; external 
surface—at age of dentition, outer ivalls 
partly removed so as to show the dispo- 
sition of the germs of the permanent 
teeth; a, permanent “Incisors” of 
which the two internal ones are al- 
ready developed; and the third partly 
so; b, temporary canine tooth, ready 
to fall out; c, permanent canine tooth, 
still concealed in the Mandibula; d, 
Ist temporary premolar; e, Ist permar 
nent molar, as yet only the crown 
is developed, which is still enclosed 
in the body of the Mandibula ; fg, 
second and last temporary premolar ; 
h, the crown of the one to replace it; 
i, germ of the third premolar, still 
entirely concealed in the Mandibula, 
with the roots as yet very short; k, p. 
coronoideus; I, condyle of the Man- 
dibula; m, p. angularis (mandi- 
bulse). 
Fig. 32.—The Incisive teeth of an adult; 
ab, the first or internal; cd, the second; 
ef, the third; a, c, e, their roots ; bdf, 
their crowns. Plate XII. 
Explanatory Index. 
75 
Fig. 33.—The left canine tooth; a, the 
root; b, the crown. 
Fig. 34.—The first left premolar tooth, outer 
face; a, the root; b, crown. 
Fig. 35.—The second left premolar ; a, an- 
terior and, b, posterior roots; cde, the 
crown; cd, its “border”; c, anterior 
lobe; df posterior lobes; e, median 
lobe. 
Fig. 36.—The third left premolar; a, an- 
tero-external root; b, antero-internal 
root; c, posterior root; def crown; de, 
border of its base; d, anterior lobes; 
f third lobe; ge, fourth lobe. 
Fig. 37.—The true molar tooth, or “ tuber- 
cular ”, outer face; ab, roots; cd, 
crown. 
Fig. 38.—The upper left first temporary 
premolar. 
Fig. 39.—The second upper temporary pre- 
molar ; a, antero-external root; b, an- 
tero-internal root; c, posterior root; 
dh, border; e, second lobe; /, third 
lobe; g, fourth lobe. 
Fig. 40.—-The same, inner face, lettering 
same as in Fig. 39; i, “talon” or 
“ spur ” of the antero-internal root. 
Fig. 41.—The third or last temporary pre- 
molar of the left side; A, outer face ; 
ahc, the three roots; d, crown; B, 
crown, seen from below. 
Fig. 42.—The left inferior incisive teeth of 
an adult, seen from in front; ab, the 
first or internal; cd, the second; ef, 
the third; ace, their roots; bdf their 
crowns. 
Fig. 43.—The left inferior canine tooth ; a, 
root; bed, crown; be, border of the latter 
Fig. 44.—The first left premolar, outer face; 
ab, its roots; cdfd, its crown, divided 
into three lobes; cd, its border. 
Fig. 45.—The second left premolar ; letter- 
ing same as in Fig. 44. 
Fig. 46.—The third left premolar, outer 
face, lettering same as in Fig. 44. 
Fig. 47.—The left Os petrosum; Peri- 
otic (Huxley), Infra-lateral surface; 
abed, interior part, or Os petrosum 
proper, or pars petrosa; df, exterior 
part, forming a process between the 
Os. squamosum and p. condy- 
loideus; b, p. rhincoideus, (S.-D.); 
cd, inferior border contiguous to the 
O. basioccipitale (Owen), basi- 
laire (Str.-Dur.); e, cavity of the 
pyramid—(eminentia pyramidalis 
tympani); g, hiatus Fallopii ; ilco, 
“Promentory ”, or tuberositas tym- 
paui; i, fenestra ccohlearis ; I, 
fenestra vestibularis, sen ovalis ; k, 
a “digital impression”; m, ossicular 
cavity of Tympanum. 
Fig. 48.—The same, supra-internal, or 
supra- posterior face ; abed, df, b, cd, 
g, same as in Fig. 47; e, protuberance 
containing the “ semi-circular canals”; 
h, acoustic canal. 
Fig. 49.—0s petrosum (Periotic (Hux.)) 
of a young subject, enlarged three 
diameteri; inferior face, semi circular 
canals and cochlea laid open: a, p. 
rhincoideus, (Str.-Dur.); adb, anterior 
border; be, internal infra-posterior 
border, contiguous to Os basi-occi- 
pitalis, and cut by a deep groove, 
lodging the inferior “petrosal sinus”; 
d, hiatus Fallopii; f, can. semicir- 
cularis verticalis posterior; ghj, 
can. semicircularis horizon talis: 
le, fenestra vestibularis ; t, fen- 
estra cochlearis; ghn, the “pro- 
mentory” Imqxorp, the cochlea; 76 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate XII. 
mqp, scala posterior cochleae laid 
open; o, the cupola, or summit of 
cochlea; rs, partition, separating 
the first two turns of the spire of the 
cochlea; pq, and tx, lamina spiralis 
separating the two scalae; u, “digi- 
tal impressions”; v, portion of the 
ossicular cavity. 
Fig. 50.—The same, superior surface, the 
semi-circular canals opened; a, he, d, 
same as in Fig, 49; ae, part produced 
along with the p. exterior, (S.-D.); 
fg, can. semicircularis verticalis 
posterior; i, can. semicircularis 
horizontalis; k, meatus auditorius 
internus horizontalis ; I, aquae- 
ductus cochlea; m, orifice of the 
canals conducting the vestibular 
branches of n. auditorius. 
Fig. 51.—The “ mastoid ” (p. mastoi- 
deum) and Os tympanicum of 
young subject, internal view ; abedie, p. 
mastoideum enclosing the mastoid 
cells; die, partition separating the 
latter from the Tympanum, forming 
external part of the Os Tympanicum; 
fghelk, the Tympanum; c, process 
articulating with the O. basisphenoi- 
deum; dc, groove converted into a 
canal by the oblique process of O. 
basisphenoideum communicating 
with the guttural fossa in the Tym- 
panum, and lodges the Eustachian 
tube and M. Folianus,(Str.-Dur.) ; o, 
p. sulcatus, (apop. canellee, Str.- 
Dur.); Ik, groove lodging the tendon 
of M. Folianus, (S.-D.). 
Fig. 52.—The Os tympanicum of a cat 
a day old, with the manubrium, and 
the neighboring portion of the Os squa- 
mosum that completes the tympanal 
ring, i.e., the p. auditorius abc, Os 
tympanicum; ab, its anterior branch; 
be, posterior branch; de, neighboring 
part of Os squamosum; fg, manu- 
brium mallei. 
Fig. 53.—The Ossicula auditus united, 
enlarged three diameters, infra-external 
view, abc, the stapes; a, apex of 
latter and the Os orbiculare; be, the 
“base”; d, liig. incuso-orbiculare; 
def the Incus; de, p. longus, or 
infra-internal branch of same; e, 
head of Incus; f p. brevis supra- 
external bi'anch of Incus; ikgn, the 
Malleus; g, head of Malleus, or 
caput mallei; hi, facet by which 
the manubrium adheres to the mem- 
brana tympanum; hi, cervix 
mallei; ie, manubrium mallei; kl, 
rim of the arthrodial facet with the 
Incus; Imn, lamina occupying space 
between caput and cervix mallei; 
7m, raised edge, representing the p. 
gracili (of anthrop.). 
Fig. 54. The left Malleus, natural size, 
infra-external view. 
Fig. 55.—Malleus, magnified; ad, 
arthi’odial facet with the Incus; beg, 
lamina between caput and cervix; eg, 
edge corresponding to the p. gracilis 
(anthp.); gh, manubrium; ef, em- 
patement adhering to the suture of 
the O. squamosum with O. petrosum, 
(S-.D.); k, caput mallei. 
Fig. 56.—Same, opposite side; ad, ef, 
and k, as above; hi, manubrium; i, 
p. brevis; (petite apop.) (S.-D.). 
Fig. 57.—The Incus, left, seen from the 
outer side, and natural size. 
Fig. 58.—Incus and Os orbiculares 
enlarged; a, articular facet of head; Plate XII. 
Explanatory Index. 
77 
first piece of same; a, the languette; 
cde, cylindrical piece; edgf second piece 
of same\fghijak, the concha; fg, the 
interval between the concha and the 
meatus anditorius externus; h, the 
tragus; i, the principal tuberosity of 
the antitragus ; nu, upright process 
of the latter; pokrt, the auricula (the 
Pavilion, or Pinna); sponu, opening 
of the ear; qr and k, sides forming 
the anthelix; t, principal tuberosity 
of the anthelix. 
Fig. 69—The internal half of the left ear, 
side vieio ; a, first piece of the meatus 
auditorius externus; cfed, second 
piece of the meatus auditorius ex- 
ternus; ejhk, the concha; hop, the 
auricula, (Pavilion, or Pinna); m, 
navicular fossa, or sulcus inter- 
helicem; n, principal tuberosity of 
the anthelix. 
Fig. 70.—abbcd, first piece of “cornet”; 
cdef second piece of ‘ ‘ cornet ”; 
efiljk, concha; jpoh, auricula; h, 
fold of the anthelix; n, “ cuilleron”, 
(S.-D.); At and jp, sides forming 
part of the latter; Imiq, lamina for- 
ming the apop. montante, (S.-D.) of 
the antitragus, of which i is the 
principal tuberosity. 
Fig. 71.—“ C. thyroidea ”, or, C. scuti- 
formis, view from above; a, anterior 
extremity; ab, internal margin; ac, 
external margin; be, posterior margin 
adjacent to the concha. 
Fig. 72.—0s basi-occipitalis (Owen), 
under surface; aa, anterior margin, 
articulating with the Os basi- 
sphenoideum, (Owen); ab, margin 
next the Os petrosum with which it 
forms the canal lodging the inferior 
b, supra-external branch; c, infra- 
internal branch; d, Lig. incuso-orbi- 
culare; e, Os orbiculare. 
Fig. 59.—The same, seen from behind, 
lettering as in Fig. 58. 
Fig. 60.—The same, front view, lettering 
as in Fig. 58. 
Fig. 61.—0s orbiculare, natural size. 
Fig. 62.—Os orbiculare, enlarged three 
times. 
Fig. 63. The Stapes natural size. 
Fig. 64.—The Stapes, three times enlarged; 
ab, its “base”; c, its apex, or 
* * head 
Fig. 65.—The “ base” of the Stape. 
Fig. 66.—The external ear, external view; 
a-f, meatus anditorius externus 
(le cornet); a, its languette, or 
tongue; abed, the first piece, envelop- 
ing the auditory canal; cdef, second 
piece; efinkmh, the concha; i, the 
anti tragus ; ikn, the upright process 
of antitragus, {apop. montante), 
(S.-D.); k, the depression of the 
“cuilleron ”, (S.-D.); hop, the “auri- 
cula,” (Pavilion, or Pinna) of the 
ear; r, the lobule; s, extremity of one 
side making part of the anthelix. 
Fig. 67.—The same, internal view ; a-f, a, 
abed, adef hop, same as in Fig. 66; 
efihjm, the concha; gh, re-entrant 
fold forming the anthelix, and of 
which the lips are united by the 
ligament of the helix (L. helicis); 
il, upright process of the antitragus; 
lop, opening of the ear; m, promi- 
nence corresponding in the interior 
to the navicular fossa, (sulcus inter- 
helicem); n, the antilobium. 
Fig. 68.—The same, anterior view; a-g, 
meatus anditorius externus; abode, 78 
■-Explanatory Index. 
Plate XIII 
petrosal sinus; he, margin forming 
part of the f. lacerum posterius ; 
cd, margin of articulation with Os 
exoccipitalis (Owen); dd, inferior 
margin of f. magnum. 
Fig. 73.—The same showing its cranial sur- 
face, foi~ming the basilar fossa. 
Lettering same as in Fig. 72. 
Fig. 74.—Anterior extremity of Os basi- 
occipitale, (Owen). 
Fig. 75.—Posterior extremity of same. 
Fig. 76.—The two Ossa exoccipitalis 
and the Os supra-occipitale united, 
viewed from behind; abde, Os ex- 
occipitale, (Owen) ; ab, suture be- 
tween Ossa ex-and supra-occipi- 
talis ; al, margin of articulation with 
the exterior prolongation of Os 
petrosum; cd, occipital condyle ; 
de, margin of articulation with Os 
basi-occipitale ; fi. magnum; eg, 
p. jugularis; i, fossa condyloidea 
anterior; k, fossa condyloidea 
posterior; hdhab, Os supra-occi- 
pitale, (Owen); aha, sutura lamb- 
doidea, lambdoidal suture. 
Fig. 77.—The same vieived from in front, 
lettering same as in Fig. 76; m, surface 
of p. jugularis applied against the 
Os mastoideum; o and n, fossa 
cerebeli. 
Fig. 78.—0s Wormianum, cerebral sur- 
face; ab, margin articulating with 
Os pariatale; bb, margin of articula- 
tion with Os supra-occipitale. 
Fig. 79.—The same, posterior view; ac, 
"Wormian crest”; ab, margin artic- 
ulating with Os parietale; bb, 
margin articulating with Os supra- 
occipitale. 
Fig. 80.—The “ Hyoid ” and the ‘ ‘Laryn- 
geal ” apparatus united, and viewed 
from in front; a, b, c, d, elements of 
the anterior cornua of the Hyoid 
apparatus; a, C. stylohyoidea; b, 
stylohyal (Owen); c, epihyal 
(Owen); d, ceratohyal (Owen); e, 
cartilaginous termination of Basi- 
hyal (Owen); /, Basihyal, (Owen) ; 
g, Thyrohyal, (Owen), laryngial 
cornu; hijkl, C. thyroidea; k, cornu 
superius; 101, C. cricoidea; m, the 
epiglottis, or C. epiglottidea; n, 
membrana crico-thyroidea. 
Fig. 81.—The Larynx; posterior view; 
abab, C. thyroidea; a, cornu super- 
ius of same; edd, the “ chaton ” of 
the C. cricoidea; e, e, Cc. arytse- 
noides; fg, the Epiglottis, C. epi- 
glottidea. 
Plate XIII. 
FIG. 1. The vertebral column extended, under surface, bearing the Pelvis, 
in 'position ; the vertebrce in their numeric order f rom the atlas to the 
tenth caudal. 
1-7, Cervical vertebrae, vertebrae cervi- 
cis. 
1, The Atlas, or Ist cervical vertebra; a, 
centrum (Owen), corps - “body 
b, neurapophysis(Owen), “lamina”, 
“ lame ” c, c, pp. antobliqui, (S.- Plate XIII. 
Explanatory Index. 
D.), anterior zygapophyses (Ow.), 
with their articular facets, for the 
arthrodial articulation with the oc- 
cipital condyles; dd, pp. postob- 
liqui, (S.-D.), posterior zygapo- 
physes (Owen); ee, pp. transversi, 
diapophyses and parapophyses 
(Owen) blended, the transverse (su- 
perior and inferior) processes, or 
tlapop. iransverses et plugiennes” {Str.- 
Dur.); ff, canal for the arteria ver- 
tebralis ; gg, notch between the pp. 
transversus and antobliquus, (S.- 
D.). 
2, a-e, the Axis, or 2d cervical verte- 
bra; a, centrum; b, the posterior epi- 
physis; h, the p. odontoideus, ex- 
tending beyond the centrum of the 
Atlas; dd, pp. antobliqui, (S.-D.), 
only slightly prominent; e, e, pp. 
transversi. 
3-5, The three next following vertebrae; 
a, centra; b, posterior epiphyses; 
c, anterior epiphyses; d, d,parapo- 
physes (Owen), pp. costellares, (S.- 
D.); e, e, pp. transversi. 
6, The sixth cervical vertebra; a, cen- 
trum; d and d', the two branches of 
the pp. costellares, (S.-D.); ee, pp. 
transversi. 
7, Seventh cervical vertebra, lettering as 
on 6. 
8-20, Dorsal vertebrae, vertebrae dorsi. 
8-17 support “true” ribs. 
18, 19 and 20 support “false” or “float- 
ing” ribs; a, centra; bb, pp. trans- 
versi superiora; cc, articular facets 
on the pp. transversi, or tubercular 
transverse process (Huxley), for the 
articulation of the ribs; dd, 13-20 pp. 
plagii, (S.-D.), diapophyses (Owen); 
ee, glenoid cavities for the heads of the 
ribs, the “ parapophyses ” of Owen, 
and “capitular transverse pro- 
cesses ” of Huxley. 
21-27, Lumbar vertebrae, vertebrae lumbi, 
a, bb, and dd, as above (17-20). 
28-30, The three sacral vertebrae, verte- 
bra sacri. 
28, 29, The two sacro-iliac vertebrae. 
30, The sacro-caudal vertebrae; a, centra; 
hh, pp. transversi (superiora), dd, 
pp. plagii, (S.-D.); ee, if. sacrales. 
31-34, Three caudal vertebrae concealed 
in the pelvis; h, the “ costettes ”, (S.- 
D.), other lettering as just above. 
36-40, Free costal vertebrae, Yv.; ii, pp. 
mamillares, (S.-D.), other lettering as 
above. 
41, 42, and 43, The Pelvis. 
41, The Ilium, Os ilium; ah, Iliac crest, 
(or spine); a, antero-superior iliac 
spine; c, antero-inferior iliac spine; 
e, Iliopectineal eminence; fgjk, 
fossa cotyloidea, or acetabulum; 
jk, cotyloidian notch. 
42, The Ischium, Os ischium; gi, body 
of the bone, or its iliac branch; i, 
tuber ischii, or ischiatic tuberosity; 
im, ischiatic crest; Im, ischiatic sym- 
physis, and pubic branch. 
43, The Os pubis; us, abdominal branch; 
o, pubic spine; 10, longitudinal branch 
and symphysis of pubis; np, f. obtu- 
ratorium. 
Fig. 2.—The Atlas, seen from above; a, 
“centrum”; b, “lamina” (neurapo- 
physis (Owen)), and trace of p. spino- 
sus (neural spine (Owen)); cc, pp. 
antobliqui,(S.-D.), (anteriorzygapo- 
physes (Owen)); dd, pp. postobliqui, 
(S.-D.), (posterior zygapophyses 80 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate XIII. 
(Owen)), bearing the arthrodian facet; 
ee, pp. transversi; ff, f. atlantoi- 
deum or f. intervertebrale; gg, pp. 
plagii, (S.-D.). 
Fig. 3.—The same, anterior view; a, b, c, 
d, and e, as in Fig. 2; d, can. verte- 
bralis; /, Lig. transversum atlantis, 
(S.-D.); g, Lig. transversum (atlan- 
tis). 
Fig. 4.—The same, posterior view; a, I, d, 
same as in Fig. 3; c, c, lateral poste- 
rior arthrodial facets; ee, pp. plagii, 
(S.-D.); ff, can. vertebrarterialis. 
Fig. s.—The Axis, seen from the left side ; 
a, centrum; h, p. odontoideus; cd, 
p. spinosus (or neural spine,(Owen)); 
e, articular facet of the p. postobli- 
qui, (S.-D.); f articular facet of the 
р. antobliqui, (S.-D.); g, p. trans- 
versus; h, can. vertebrarterialis. 
Fig. 6.—The same, posterior view ; a, base 
of the centrum; h, can. vertebralis; 
с, p. spinosus; dd, articular facets of 
the p. postobliqui, (S.-D.); ee, pp. 
plagii, (S.-D.); i, can. vertebrarte- 
rialis. 
Fig. 7.—The same of a subject five months 
old, anterior view; a, centrum; b, an- 
terior epiphysis of the centrum; c, 
posterior epiphysis; d, body of the p. 
odontoideus; e, epiphysis of p. odon- 
toideus ; fi, fi, articular facets of pp 
antobliqui, (S.-D.); gg, pp. trans- 
versi; nh, can. vertebrarterialis. 
Fig. B.—The fourth cervical vertebra, ante- 
rior view; a, centrum; b, p. spinosus; 
c, can. vertebralis; dd, articular 
facets of the p. antobliqui, (S.-D.); 
ee, can. vertebrarterialis ; fg, fg, 
pp. costellares, (S.-D.); hh, articular 
facets. 
Fig. 9.—The same, posterior view ; lettering 
same as in Fig. 8. 
Fig. 10.—The tenth dorsal vertebra, supe- 
rior view; a, centrum; ah, p. spino- 
sus; cc, articular facets of the pp, 
antobliqui, (S.-D.) ; dd, pp. posto- 
bliqui, (S.-D.) ; ee, pp. antobliqui. 
(S.-D.); ff, pp. plagii, (S.-D.); gg, 
pp. transversi. 
Fig. 11 . The same, lateral view. Letter- 
ing same as in Fig. 10. h, f. interver- 
tebrale; i, articulation of the rib; k, 
anterior epiphysis; I, posterior epi- 
physis. 
Fig. 12.—The eleventh dorsal vertebra, or 
first bearing a false rib (called “la 
premiere vert, lombaire costinifere ” 
Str.-Dur.); superior view. Lettering 
same as in Fig. 10. 
Fig. 13.—The same, left side. Lettering 
same as in Figs. 10 and 11; h, arthro- 
dial facet of the rib. 
Fig. 14.—The first lumbar vertebra (called 
“la quatrieme vert, lombaire non costini- 
fere, ” by Str.-Dur.); superior view. 
Lettering (except e, and f), same as in 
Fig. 10; ee, pp. transversi; ff, pp. 
plagii, (S.-D.). 
Fig. 15.—The first caudal vertebra; superior 
view. Lettering same as in Fig. 14. 
Fig. 16.—The first left Rib, (costa,) pos- 
terior view; a, the “head,” (capitu- 
lum); b, “tuberosity ” (tuberculum); 
c, “angle,” (angulus) ; d, “neck,” 
(collum) ; e, the inferior extremity. 
Fig. 17.—The ninth Rib. Lettering as in 
Fig. 16. 
Fig. 18.—The left Pelvic bones, inner sur- 
face; ab, epiphysis of the iliac crest; 
abed, “palette ” of the Ilium; a, an- 
terio-superior iliac spine; c, antero- Explanatory Index. 
81 
Plate XIII. 
inferior iliac spine; cgkk, mark of the 
articulation of the first sacral vertebra; 
hik, arthrodial facet of that articula- 
tion; di. ilio-sacral eminence; j, the 
“neck” of the pelvis; de, ilio-sacral 
notch; c/, “abdominal notch”; e, 
“ischiatic spine”; f, ilio-pectineal 
eminence; I, pubic spine; Im, ischio- 
pubic symphysis; nm, “ischiatic 
crest”; ne, “ischiatic notch”; n, 
tuber ischii; op, f. obturatorium. 
Fig. 19.—The same, of a subject five months 
old, external face ; abcde, the Os ilium; 
ab, epiphysis of the O. ilium; efgnik, 
the Os ischium; t digh, the Os pubis; 
dik, the Os cotyloideum, (S.-D.); 
dm, fossa cotyloidea; in, f. obtu- 
ratorium. 
Fig. 20.—The Os cotyloideum, (S.-D.), 
isolated, and seen from outside; ab, 
iliac margin; be, ischiatic margin; ca, 
pubic margin. 
Fig. 21.—The left Clavicula, superior view, 
a, sterna] extremity; b, scapular ex- 
tremity. 
Fig. 22.—The Scapula, foreshortened and 
seen from below; ah, the ‘ body ’of the 
bone, ede, the “ spine”; c, the “tu- 
berosity”; d, p. acromialis; fg, 
glenoid cavity; h, p. coracoideus. 
Fig. 23.—The inferior or glenoid extremity 
of the Scapula of a subject five months 
old, anterior view; a, section of the 
‘body ’of the bone; bd, 1 head ’, bear- 
ing the glenoid cavity; b, epiphysis of 
the latter; ce, portion of the ‘ spine’; 
e, p. acromialis; f p. coracoideus. 
Fig. 24.—The left Humerus, Os humeri, 
front view; a, ‘head’; b, (“ trochin ” 
(Chaus.)), radial tuberosity; c, bicipital 
groove; def, (“ trochiter ” (Chaus.)), 
ulnar tuberosity ; g, the epicondyle; 
h, the condyle; i, trochlea; k, epi- 
trochlea; I, internal arch; m, arthro- 
dial facet for the p. coronoideus of 
the ulna; n, ‘ external crest’. 
Fig. 25.—Superior head o/Humeris from 
above; acd, arthrodial head; b, radial 
tuberosity; ce, ulnar tuberosity; d, 
bicipital groove. 
Fig. 26.—Inferior head of same, from below ; 
a, epicondyle; be, condyle; d, epi- 
trochlea; ef trochlea. 
Fig. 27.—The left Ulna, external face; 
ab, p. anconeus or olecranon; egef, 
sinus sigmoideus major; cd, supe- 
rior articular facet; ef, inferior articu- 
lar facet; efg, sinus sigmoideus 
minor; f p. coronoideus; kil, epi- 
physis forming the inferior head; I, 
p. styloideus. 
Fig. 28.—The same,internal face; ah, ole- 
cranon, or p. anconeus; cd, sinus 
sigmoideus major; df p. coronoi- 
deus ; ikl, epiphysis of the inferior 
head; I, p. styloideus; i, radial arth- 
rodial facet. 
Fig. 29.—The left Radius, seen from in 
front; a, superior head; o, bicipital 
tuberosity; em, inferior head; n, p. 
styloideus; m, external tuberosity; 
e, groove for tendon of M. adductor 
longus-pollicis, (S.-D.); f groove for 
tendon of radial muscles; g, groove 
for tendon of M. extensor commu- 
nis digitorum ; h, groove for the ten- 
don of M. extensor proprius polli- 
cis, and M. ext. proprius indicia ; i, 
groove for the tendon of the M. ex- 
tensor proprius quinti digiti, (S.-D.). 
Fig. 30. Superior head of Radius, superior 
view. 82 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate XIII. 
Fig. 31.—Inferior head of Radius, inferior 
view; a, Internal tuberosity, or p. 
styloideus; b, external tuberosity; 
c, groove of the M. extensor pollicis 
longus ; d, groove of the Mm. radi- 
ates externi; e, groove of the M. 
extensor communis digitorum; 
f, groove of the extensor muscles of 
outer digits; g, carpal arthrodial 
facet. 
Fig. 32.—The left Scaphoid (Os scaph- 
oides) and lunar (Os lunare) blended; 
A, anterior view; ade, Os scaph- 
oides; a, internal tuberosity; def, 
Os lunare; bdf, radial arthrodial 
facet; ce, intercarpal arthrodial facet; 
cc, intercarpal arthrodial facet; B, 
posterior view; a, internal tuberosity; 
ab, groove for the M. palmaris mag- 
nus; f, external tuberosity; C, 
superior view ; aefd, Os scaphoides; 
a, internal tuberosity; abdc, arthro- 
dial facet articulating with the O. 
trapezium and O. trapezoides (Os 
trapezium or Os multangulum 
majus, and Os trapezoides or Os 
multangulum minus; cefd, facet 
articulating with Os magnum; ef 
facet articulating with Os unci- 
forme ; e, outside view. 
Fig. 33.—The left Os cuneiforme (carpi); 
A, anterior view; a, intra-superior 
extremity; B, internal view; abc, 
facet articulating with Os lunare; c, 
the external rough surface; he, facet 
articulating with the Ulna. 
Fig. 34.—The left Os pisiforme ; A, 
superior surface; abc, ulnar articular 
facet; ab, margin of articular facet 
with Os cuneiforme; d, posterior 
tuberosity; B, external surface; ab, 
and d, as above; ac, ulnar articular 
facet; c, internal surface, lettered as 
above. 
Fig. 35.—0s phacoides. 
Fig. 36.—0 strapezium; A, front view; 
ab, internal surface; cd, external 
surface, next the Os trapezoides; B, 
outer side; ah, anterior extremity; c, 
posterior extremity; C, inner side; 
a, posterior, and h, anterior extremi- 
ties; I), superior surface; ah, pos- 
terior, and cde, anterior extremities. 
Fig. 37.—0s trapezoides; A, superior 
surface; a, internal angle; h, external 
angle; c, posterior angle; B, inferior 
surface; ahc, anterior part ; bd, artic- 
ular facet with the second metacarpal 
bone (“ Stethos ” (Str.-Dur.)); c, in- 
ternal, or trapezian surface ; a, an- 
terior, and b, posterior extremities; 
D, external surface next the Os 
magnum; a, arthrodial facet of the 
anterior extremity; b, arthrodial 
facet of posterior extremity. 
Fig. 38.—0s magnum; A, anterior sur- 
face; abc, body of the bone; d, its 
process; B, posterior surface; ab, 
superior arc of the body of the bone ; 
c, posterior tuberosity; C, internal 
surface; abc, the “ body ” ; a, arthro- 
dial facet with “O. scapho-lunare 
c, posterior tuberosity; d, antero-in- 
ternal process and arthrodial facet 
with the second metacarpal bone and 
Os trapezoides; D, external sur- 
face; ab, superior arthrodial facet 
with Os unciforme; ad, inferior 
arthrodial facet with Os unciforme; 
c, posterior tuberosity; E, inferior sur- 
face; a, posterior tuberosity; b, an- 
terior extremity. Plate XIII. 
Explanatory Index. 
Fig. 39.—0s unciforme; A, internal 
surface; a, anteroinferior angle; b, 
infra-posterior tuberosity; c, arthro- 
dial facet with Os lunare; d, rough 
depression for the attachment of liga- 
ments; e, arthrodial facet with Os 
magnum; /, supra-posterior tuber- 
osity; B, external surface; a, anterior 
inferior angle; b, infra-posterior 
tuberosity; c, supra-posterior tuber- 
osity; d, arthrodial facet for O. 
cuneiforme; C, inferior surface 
articulating with the fourth and fifth 
metacarpal bones. 
Fig. 40.—The jive bones of the metacar- 
pus, or wrist, side view, and in their 
numeric order; A, B, C, D, E, inter- 
nal surfaces; A, The first metacarpal 
(O. primum metacarpiale); arthro- 
dial facet for O. phacoides; b, 
trapezial arthrodial facet; cd, phal- 
angal condyle; B, second metacarpal, 
(O. secundum metacarpale), a, 
posterior tuberosity; e, trapezian 
arthrodial facet; d, internal tuber- 
osity; e, inferior condyle; C, third 
metacarpal (O. tertium metacar- 
pale); a, posterior tuberosity ; b, and 
c, arthrodial facets for O. 11. meta- 
carpale between them, a rough de- 
pression for the ligaments; d, inter- 
nal tuberosity; e, condyle; / “ keel” 
of the condyle; D, fourth metacarpal 
O. quartum metacarpale; a, pos- 
terior tuberosity and arthrodial facet 
for O. 11l metacarpale; b, arthrodial 
facet for latter; between the last two 
facets are rough depressions for attach- 
ment of ligaments; d, internal tuber- 
osity; e, condyle; the “ keel E, 
fifth metacarpal, (O. quintum meta- 
carpale), lettering same as in D, 
(articulations with the fourth, instead 
of third metacarpale) ; F, G, H, I, K, 
the five metacarpal bones (Ossa 
metacarpales), external surf ace; F, 
first metacarpale (O. I metacarpale); 
a, arthrodial facet with O. phacoides; 
b, trapezial arthrodial facet; de, 
inferior condyle; G, O. 11. metacar- 
pale; a, posterior tuberosity; ab, 
arthr. facet with Os magnum; c and 
d, arthr. facet with O. 11l metacar- 
pale; e, external tuberosity;/, con- 
dyle; g, its “keel”; N, O. 11l meta- 
carpale; a, posterior tuberosity; ef 
and g, as in G; c, and d, arthr. facet 
with O. IV metacarpale; I, O. IV 
metacarpale ; a, posterior tuberosity; 
b, anterior angle; c, and e, arthrodial 
facets with O. V. metacarpale; d, 
rough interval for ligament; k, O. V. 
metacarpale; a, post tuberosity; b, 
external tuberosity; e,f and g, as in 
G, L, extremity of a metacarpale 
bone of a young subject where the 
epiphysis a, is distinct. 
Fig. 41.—The proximal heads of five 00. 
metacarpales united, seen from above 
in their numeric order, indicated at their 
anterior margin by the letters a, b, d, f, 
h, and at their posterior margin by a, c, 
e, 9, *■ 
Fig. 42.—A primary phalanx of a digit, 
superior view—('Phalangeole (F.) Prox- 
imal phalanx, or Os primi phalangis); 
abc, arthr. facet of its base; d, termi- 
nal condyle; a'b'c', facet of the base, 
seen from behind. 
Fig. 43.—A secondary, or median Phalanx, 
seen from above, (Phalnngine F, Os 
secundi phalangis) ; abc, its base; d, 84 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate XIII. 
condyle; abc, or fgh, arthrodial facet 
of the base seen from behind. 
Fig. 44.—A tertiary, or imgual phalanx, 
Os tertii phalangis, (F.) Phalan- 
gette) seen from above; ab, the sheath 
of the claw; c, the internal support, 
or core of the claw. 
Fig. 45.—The left Femur, front view; ab, 
the “head” (of the Femur); a, de- 
pression for attachment of Lig. teres, 
(or Lig. coxo-femoralis, or interarticu- 
lare); the greater trochanter (tro- 
chanter major); d, the “neck”; o, 
external tuberosity; p, internal tuber- 
osity; Ming, groove for the Patella; 
oqp, suture of the epiphysis. 
Fig. 46.—The same, posterior view ; a, de- 
pression for attachment of Lig. teres ; 
5, head; c, greater trochanter; d, 
neck; e, “fossa trochanterica ”; f, 
lesser trochanter, (trochanter min- 
or); cgp, linea aspera posterior, co, 
lin. asp. externa; fgp, lin. asp. in- 
terna; ah, external tuberosity; i, in- 
ternal tuberosity; op, suture of the 
epiphysis. 
Fig. 47.—Superior or proximal extremity of 
the Femur, seen from above; a, 
“head”; b, greater trachanter; c, 
fossa trochanterica; d, lesser troch- 
anter; e, “neck”. 
Fig. 48.—Inferior or distal extremity of the 
Os femoris, seen from beloiv; a, ex- 
ternal tuberosity; b, internal tuber- 
osity; c, external condyle ; d, internal 
condyle; e, groove for the Patella;/, 
fossa intercondyloidea. 
Fig. 49.—The left Patella. 
Fig. 50.—The left Tibia, front view; a, 
tibial spine; ac, external condyle; 
bd, internal condyle; c, epiphysis and 
cartilaginous facet to which is applied 
the lug. patellae; f, angle of Tibia; 
fj, tibial crest; g, arthrodial facet for 
Tibula; h, malleolus interims; i, p. 
styloides; ik, tarsal articular cavity. 
Fig. 51.—The same, back view, lettering as 
in Fig. 50 except; be, rough groove 
for attachment of ligaments ; gki, 
tarsal articular cavity; m, groove for 
M. perodactyleus, (Riolan). 
Fig. 52.—Superior or proximal head of 
same, seen from above', a, tibial spine; 
f, angle of the Tibia, and epiphysis 
covered with articular cartilage; bg, 
rough groove; dgl, internal condyle; 
aem, external condyle; g, groove be- 
tween the condyles. 
Fig. 53.—Inferior or distal head of the 
same, from below, a, p. styloides; 
abode, arthrodial facet for astragalus; 
b, fibular arthrodial facet. 
Fig. 54.—Superior or proximal head of the 
Fibulae, superior view. 
Fig. 55.—Inferior or distal extremity of the 
Fibula; A, view from internal side; 
b, arthrodial facet for astragalus; a, 
tibial arthrodial facet; c, postero-in- 
ternal tuberosity; d, postero-external 
tuberosity; B, the same extremity 
seen from below; ad, arthr. facet for 
astragalus; b, postero-internal tuber- 
osity; c, postero-external tuberosity 
intercepting a deep groove in which 
the Mm. peronii secundus and 
tertius. 
Fig. 56.—The left Astragalus; A, ante- 
rior surface; abed, its body and the 
tibial arthrodial pully; ad, internal 
“ colline ”; be, external “ colline ”; 
ef, p. navicularis; f, arthr. facet for 
the O. naviculare (O. scaphoides Plate XIII. 
jExplanatory Index. 
85 
pedis); B, posterior surface; abed, 
‘ body ’, bgdc, external concave arthr. 
facet for O. calcis; h, internal convex 
do. ; di, rough groove for the cal- 
caneal ligaments ; k, another groove 
for similar purpose; /, arthr. facet for 
O. naviculare. 
Fig. 57.—Left calcaneum (Os calcis); 
A, anterior surface; abc, tuber cal- 
cis; ab, cartilaginous facet to which 
is attached the “ tendo Achillis ’’; 
dhl, ‘body’; d, internal tuberosity; 
e, broad part; f, narrow part; chef 
internal arthr. facet for the Astraga- 
lus; kl, external arthr. facet for the 
Astragalus; I, its inferior part; k, its 
superior part; fk, rugous band for the 
insertion of the ligament terminating 
upon the Astragalus; i, external tuber- 
osity; gh, arthr. facet for Os cu- 
boideum; fgh.il, “p. cuboideum”, 
the surface of which forms the 1 ‘ cav- 
ite sinuesue”, fhl\ B, posterior sur- 
face; abc, tuber calcis; ab, margin 
where the tendo Achillis is attached; 
d, internal tuberosity; c, groove of the 
tendon of M. perodactyleus; i, in- 
ternal tuberosity; gh, arthr. facet for 
Os cuboideum. 
Fig. 58.—The left Os naviculare; A, su- 
perior surface; a, infra-posterior 
tuberosity; b, extra-posterior tuber- 
osity; abc, arthr. cavity for the astra- 
galus ; d, facet for Os calcis; cd, 
internal (or calcaneal) margin; B, in- 
ferior surface; a and b, same as above; 
ede, arthr. facet for O. epitrium, 
(S.-D.); h, arthr. facet for O. cunei- 
forme (secundum); i, arthr. facet for 
O. chalcoideum, (S.-D.). 
Fig. 59.—The left O. chalcoideum, (S.- 
D.), (or 0. cuneiforme primum {pedis)), 
external surface; a, its navicular arthr- 
facet; b, arthr. facet with O. secun. 
dum metatarsale; c, facet, not arth- 
rodial, by which it touches the O. 
cuneiforme (secundum). 
Fig. 60.—The left O. cuneiforme (secun- 
dum), external face; a, navicular 
arthr. facet; b, supra-posterior tuber- 
osity; c, arthr. facet for O. epitrium 
(S.-D.); d, infra-posterior tuberosity. 
Fig. 61.—The left O. epitrium, (S.-D.); 
A, internal surface; abc, superior 
base; c, cartilaginous facet for O. 
cuneiforme (secundum); d, antero- 
inferior angle; f and g, two arthr. 
facets articulating with the head of 
0. secundum metatarsale; h, tuber- 
osity of the p. uncinatus (epitrii), (S.- 
D.); fh, groove furrow forming the 
continuation of the M. peroneus 
primus; B, external surface; ab, su- 
perior base; c and d, cuboidian arthr. 
facet; df inferior base; e, rugosities 
for attachment of ligaments h and fh, 
as in A. 
Fig. 62.—The left “Cuboid”, (O.cuboid- 
eum); A. internal surf ace; ab, supe- 
rior margin, toward “Calcaneum”; 
e, posterior tuberosity; f end of the 
groove for the M. peroneus primus; 
1, arthr. facet for O. epitrium, (S.-D.); 
Ic, arthr. facet for O. naviculare; 
B, external surface; abc, superior 
base adjacent to “Calcaneum”; de, 
groove for M. peroneus primus; d, 
its beginning; fg, arthr. facet which 
touches the fifth proximal end of O. 
V. metatarsale; C, posterior surface; 
ac, arthr. facet with “Calcaneum”; 
df, groove for M. peroneus primus; 86 
Explanatory Index. 
Plate XIII. 
g, facet which touches the O. V. me- 
tatarsale. 
Fig. 63.—The five metatarsale bones placed 
in their numeric order; A, the anterior 
surface of the first, or Os primum 
metatarsale; B, C, D, internal sur- 
faces of the three median ones Ossa 
secundum, tertium et quartum me- 
tatarsales; E, antero-internal surface 
of the fifth, Os quintum metatar- 
sale ; F, posterior surface of the first 
(Os primum metatarsale); G, H, 
and I, external surfaces of Ossa se- 
cundum, tertium and quartum me- 
tatarsales; K, posterior surface of 
O. quintum metatarsale; A, a and 
h, arthrol. facets for O. II metatar- 
sale; B, a, posterior tuberosity of the 
head of O. II metatarsale; b, im- 
pression of O. I metatarsale; C, a, 
posterior tuberosity of the proximal 
head of the O. 11l metatarsale, and 
cartilaginous facet for the O. II me- 
tatarsale; b, the other articular facet 
for same bone, and between a and b 
are the ligamentous impressions; D, 
a, posterior tuberosity of tlie “ head ” 
of the O. IV metatarsale; b, arthrl. 
facet for O. 11l metatarsale; c, in- 
ternal tuberosity surmounted by the 
arthr. facet for O. 11l metatarsale; 
d, ligamentous impression; E, a, in- 
ternal tuberosity of head of O, V 
metatarsale; b, external tuberosity; 
c, arthr, facet for O. cuboideum; d, 
arthr. facet for O. IV metatarsale; 
c, ligamentous impressions; B, C, D, 
and E, g, internal tuberosity of the 
distal head of the several bones; h, 
internal condyle; i, “keel” of the 
condyle; F, a, posterior convex rugous 
surface of O. I metatarsale; h, in- 
ternal face applied against the O. II 
metatarsale; G, a, posterior tuber- 
osity of head of the O. II metatar- 
sale ; b, c, two arthr. facets for the O. 
epitrium, (S.-D.): de, two others for 
the O. 11l metatarsale; fg, liga- 
mentous impressions; H, a, post, 
tuberosity of head of O. 11l meta- 
tarsale, and articular facet against 
which is applied the O. 11l granulum, 
(S.-D.); be, arthr. facets for the O. IV 
metatarsale; de, ligamentous im- 
pressions; I, a, postr. tuberosity of 
the O. IV metatarsale, bearing the 
facet against which the O. IV granu- 
lum,(S.-D.), is applied; bd, c, and /, 
arthr. facets for O. V metatarsale; 
de, lig. impressions; K, a, internal 
tuberosity, and cartilaginous facet 
against which is applied the O. V 
granulum, (S.-D.); b, external tuber- 
osity; H, I, K, g, external tuberosity 
of the distal head; h, external, and i, 
internal condyles; k, keel of the con- 
dyle. 
Fig. 64.—The superior or proximal surface of 
the five metatarsale bones united; a, the 
first; be, the second; de, the third; fg, 
the fourth; hi, the fifth; c, e, g, i, 
their posterior tuberosities; k, exter- 
nal tuberosity of O. quintum meta- 
tarsale. 
THE END.