ran 1 J6 7J, 1834 ■Ma*- a&S isw sJU'-t-'r 'X " &f>;S. -V'/."«t V i'Aj'v"'.')j'i , ;Urf?;-..';. BOTANICAL TEACHER NORTH AMERfCA: IN WHICH ARE DESCRIBED THE LNDIGENOUS AND COMMON EXOTIC PLANTS, GROWING NORTH OF THE GULF OF MEXICO. BY LAURA JOHNSON: UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. A. EATON. THE GENERIC CHARACTERS ARK FROM THE DESCRIPTIONS OF PROF. LINLDEY ; THE SPECIFIC ARE GIVEN BY SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS. THESE ARE PRE- CEDED BY A CONDENSED VIEW OF THE ARTIFICIAL METHOD, AND FOLLOWED BY THE NATURAL ONE. ALBANY: PUBLISHED BY OLIVER STEELE, And for sale by Grigg & Elliot, Carey, Lea & Blanchard, Desilver & Thomas, Hogan & Thompson, U. Hunt, and Perkins & Marvin, Philadelphia; Collins & Hannay, N &J. White, S. Wood & Sons, and G. &. C. & H. Carvill, Mew-York ; Carter, Hendee & Co., Lilly, Waitfe Co., Stimson & Clapp, and Crocker & Brewster, Boston; W. S. Parker & Son, and Z. Clark, Troy. N. Tuttle, printer, Troy. 1834. JOHN BOYEB. QK £3 3= O Entered, according to act of Consrcss, in the year 1834, by Oliver Steele, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Northern District of New-York. TO THE HON. STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER, LL. D. Having been a member of the Senior Professor's family, at the Rens- selaer Institute, for the last five years, and part of that time a pupil of the Troy Female Seminary, I could not resist the desire to enter as an under actor in the fascinating exhibitions of the Natural Sciences. I have therefore labored intensely, more than a year, in preparing this aux- iliary treatise. I have endeavored to adapt it to the economical charac- ter of American parents and guardians; and to facilitate the progress of the young in one of the departments of knowledge, to which you have devoted much wealth and paternal care. Whether my time has been usefully employed or not, I hope you will receive this effort as a pledge of my devotion to the cause, which you so munificently patronize. Permit me to subscribe myself Your obedient, Humble servant, LAURA JOHNSON. Rensselaer Institute, > Troy, March 10, 1834. ] PREFACE. Since the study of Elementary treatises on Plants, before the student knows the names of several hundred species by the teacher's dictum and his own analyses, has been rejected by all successful teachers, very different books are required. Full systems of vegetables, giving the generic and specific names of pretty extensive districts, have become indispensa- ble. -The Manual of Botany, (now including the common exotic and indigenous plants from the Gulf of Mexico to Baf- fin's Bay,) has grown up to its sixth edition, in the service of this method of instruction ; and will not probably be super- ceded by any substitute in the present age. But the expense of that extensive work, (though essential for all teachers, and required for one member of every family,) has pre- vented parents from entering all the members of large fami- lies in botanical schools, in thousands of cases. Or, what is still worse, it has driven teachers to the alternative of break- ing down their pupils'zeal in a dull dreary purgatory of hard names; when they ought to have led them directly to the Elysian Fields of Flora. "Begin at the root," is the common-place advice, which has cost the student great loss of time. To begin with trea- tises on plants before the plants are known of which we are treating, is like teaching the grammar of the English lan- guage, before a word of the language is spoken or under- stood. This book is the iotum in parvo of the Mauual of Botany. It contains the Generic and Specific descriptions of all the 1* VI. PREFACE. plants of the Manual, excepting the orders of Cryptogamia below Ferns. And even these are fully explained under general heads. The concise generic descriptions of Lindley are included at full length •, and all the species are described by convenient abbreviations. But in cases where a genus contains numerous species, or where species approach each other in numerous points, some of the abbreviated descrip- tions may not be sufficient for the beginner. In such cases the student must resort to the teacher, or to a momentary loan of the Manual, from a fellow student. The following genera are the chief, whose abbreviated specific descriptions may be somewhat defective. Aster, several grasses, Azalea, Carex, Erigeron, several Syngenesia, Hypericum, Oenothe- ra, Polygonum, Potentilla, Quercus, Ranunculus, Salix, So- lidago, Trifoliura, and Vaccinium. Botany (like all subjects in Natural History and Chemis- try) is, in a great measure, traditionary. With great dili- gence we may learn the names of many plants, minerals, and animals, from books: also, many manipulations in chemistry. In Natural History, it has been very justly said: " Systems are but indexes to the Book of Nature." And it is now well known, that under the direction of an experienced Naturalist, or practical Chemist, we can learn, at least, four-fold more in the same time. No one should ever be employed as a teacher of Botany, unless he can give his pupils at sight the names of at least four hundred species of the indi- ginous plants, growing in the vicinity of his school—and he ought to be able to recognize, from the mere habits of plants, six or eight hundred species. Botanic gardens are of no use to the student in Botany. He must learn from specimens, taken from the wilds of Na- PREFACE. Vii. ture. Garden culture produces monsters, as intemperance produces monsters in our own species. Therefore the stu- dent must collect plants which grow wild in woods, fields, meadows, &c, and preserve them for subjects of revision; as he will be shewn under Directions for Teachers. But he must be daily exercised in the analysis of wild plants before the teacher. In his own room and in the field, he must daily practice in the application of the descriptions in his book, to plants whose generic and specific names are given. The importance of collecting wild plants and making an herbarium with a student's own hands, can never be fully impressed upon his mind, until he has made the trial. Then he is always ready to say, that, without this exercise, no one can be a good botanist. He must make his collection be- tween the middle of April and the middle of October. No one should attempt to teach a class at any other season. But he may prepare himself in one season, under a teacher, for collecting the next, in any six weeks within the time pre- scribed. After the student has become acquainted with a consider- able number of plants, he may begin to read from the 233d page of this book. At this stage of his course, the elemen- tary works of Mrs. Lincoln (Phelps,) Sumner, Nuttall, Lock, Comstock, &c, will be read profitably. Bigelow's Smith will then be very instructive. And at last, Torrey's Lindley may be studied to advantage, by those who are desirous to be instructed in vegetable Physiology. In regard to the preparation of this treatise, it is proper for me to make several acknowledgments. Though the labor is my own, the plan of the work was suggested by Prof. Eaton. He supervised it also at every step of its progress ; and di- rected me in the selection and use of authors. Most of the viii. preface. proof-sheets were revised by him, and some important addi- tions and corrections were thus introduced. I received con- siderable aid and advice from several other experienced bo- tanists—particularly Adjt. Prof. Hall. The Chemical Proximate Elements were to have been included ; but the work had extended beyond its proposed limit, without leaving any room for them. The small treatise, entitled Chemical Instructor, is recommended to those, who have time to devote to this very interesting branch of learn- ing. At the Rensselaer Institute, Organic Chemistry is stu- died in connection with Animal and Vegetable Physiology ; which course is proved, by experience, to be a very great im- provement. L. J. ERRATA, Made in no case, excepting where young students might he misled. Page 23. near bottom. Lichens must be Lichenes, when the order is intended. " 28. Sedger—Sedges. " 20. Kyllinga—Kvllingia. " 30. Rotboellia—Rottbollia. " 41. Ampelompsis—Ampelopsis. " 48 to 71. Running head mostly erroneous. Correct with the pen with good thick ink. " 65. Serophularia—Scrophularia. " 71. Phaseolis—Phaseolus. " 74. Hymenapapfus is repeated. '< 77. POLNMNIA--POLYMMA. '' 83. OSTRAYA--OSTRYA. " 109. Eratable Museroon—Eatable Mushroom. All errors in Eng- lish names, may be corrected by the English Index. TABLE OF NATURAL ORDERS FOR REFERENCE FROM THE ARTIFICIAL. NATURAL ORDERS OF JUSSIEU. ACOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. Names. Fungi. Algae. Hepaticae. Musci. Filices. . Naiades. Examples. Mushroom, mould. Lichen, conferva. Brook liverwort. Proper mosses. Brakes, polypod. Duck meat. Properties. Tonic if dry, narcotic if juicy. Tonic, some used in dying. Tonic, refrigerant. Tonic, rarely cathartic. Seccrnant stimulants. Astringent. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Aroidea. Typhae. Cyperoideae. Gramineae. Class I. Stamens below the pistil. Wild Turnip. Warming stomachic and anti- Cat tail. Sedge grass. Timothy grass. Weak tonic. {spasmodic. Tonic, coarse cattle fodder. Tonic, farinaceous, cattle fodder. Class II. Stamens surrounding the pistil. Palmae. Asparagi. Junci. Liliaceae. Bromeliae. Asphodeli. Narcissi. Irides. Date, cocoanut. Solomon seal. Sweet flag. Tulip, addertongue. Pine-apple. Onion, hyacinth. Daffodil. Iris, blue-eyed-grass Weak tonic, farinaceous. Secernant stimulant, mild tonic. Secernant stimulant,antiscdrbutic Emollient, weak secernant stim- Refrigerant. [ulant. Expectorant, tonic, cathartic. Weak tonic, emollient. Antiscorbutic, tonic. Class III. Stamens on the pistil. Musae. Bread-tree. Tonic. Cannae. Ginger. Warming stomachic. Orchideae. Lady's slipper. Emollient, stomachic, farinace- Hydrocharides.Tape-grass. Weak tonic. [oms. DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. Section first. Flowers apetalous. Class I. Stamens on the germ. Aristolochiae. Wild ginger. Tonic, warming stomachic. Subdivisions by Lindley, fyc. 7. Juncagineae, Fluviales, Pistiaceae. 12. Smilaceae, Dioscoreae. 13. Alismaceae, Commelineae, Xyrideae, Melanthaceae. 17. Hypoxideae, Amaryllideae, Pontedereae. 18. Hae- modoraceae. 20. Marantaceae. 22. Burmanneae. 10 TABLE FOR REFERENCE. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Names. Examples. Properties. Class II. Stamens sarrounding the germ. Eleagni. Thymeleae. Proteae. Lauri. Polygoneae. Atriplices. Pepperage tree. Leather-wood. Silver tree. Sassafras. Dock, rhubarb. Beet, Pokeweed. Weak tonic. Mild emetic, antiscorbutic. Weak tonic. Secernant stimulant, stomachic. Mild cathartic, antiscorbutic. Aperient, cathartic. 30. Amaranthi. 31. Plantagineae 32. Nyctagines. 33. Plumbagines Class III. Stamens below the germ. Cock's comb. Weak tonic, secernant stimulant. Plantain. Emollient. Four-o'clock. Cathartic, emetic. Sea-lavender. Cathartic, tonic. Section second. Flowers monopetalous. 34. Jasmineae. 35. Lysimachiae. 36. Pediculares. 37. Scrophularia. 38. Solaneae. 39. Acanthi. 40. Bignoniae. 41. Vitices. 42. Labiateae. 43. Boragineae. 44. Convolvuli. 45, Polemoniae. 46. Gentianae. 47. Apocyneae. 48. Sapotae. Class IV. Corols below the germ. Ash, lilac. Tonic, secernant stimulant. Loose-strife. Weak tonic, secernant stimulant. Heal-all. Tonic, cathartic. Fox-glove. Narcotic, absorbent, deobstruent. Red pepper, henbane.Narcotic, cathartic, stomachic. Malabar nut. Emollient, weak tonic. Snake-head. Cathartic, narcotic. Vervain. Secernant, stimulant, deobstru- Sage, catnip. Secernant stimulant. [ent. Borage. Astringent, emollient. Jalap, dodder. Cathartic. Lichnidia. Feeble tonic. Carolina pink. Cathartic, tonic. Milk-weed. Cathartic, narcotic, deobstruent. Sour sop. Cathartic, antispasmodic. Class V, Corols surrounding the germ. 49. Guaiacanae. Lignum vitae. Tonic, warming stomachic Tonic, narcotic. Tonic, astringent, refrigerant. Cathartic, emetic, deobstruent. 50. ) Rhododendra. Laurel 51. 5 Ericae. Wintergreen. 52. Campanulaceae Lobelia. Class VI. Corols on the germ—anthers united. 53. Cichoraceae. Lettuce, endive. Aperient, mild anodyne. Subdivisions by Lindley, Sfc. 25. Santalaceae. 28. Begoniaceae. 29. Chenopodeae, Phytolacceae. 30. Illecebieae, Scelerantheae. 34. Oleaceae. 35. Primulaceae, Lentibulariae. 36. Orobancheae, Rhi- nanthaceae. 40. Pedalineae, Myoporineae. 41. Verbenaceae. 43. Heliotropieae, Hydrophylleae. 44. Hydroleaceae. 46. Spigeliaceae. 47. Asclepiadeae. 49. Ebenaceae. 51. Vaccineae, Pyrolaceae. 52. Lobeliaceae, Stylideae. 53. Hieraceae, Taraxaceae, Lactuceae. TABLE FOR REFERENCE. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. Properties. Tonic, if nauseous cathartic. Tonic, secernant stimulant. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. G8. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. Names. Examples. Cinarocephalae Thistle, burdock. Corymbiferae. Boneset, fleabane ?lass VII. Corols on the germ—anthers separate. Button bush, teasel. Weak tonic. Bedstraw,venus pride. Weak tonic, aperient. Elder, dogwood. Tonic, cathartic-if nauseous. Section third. Flowers pohjpetalous Class VIII. Stamens on the germ. 11 Dipsaceae. Rubiaceae. Caprifolia. Araliae. Umbelliferae. Ginseng, spikenard. Tonic, expectorant. Cicuta, fennel. Stomachic, narcotic if nauseous. Class IX. Stamens below the o-erm. RanunculaceaeCrowfoot gold thread.Narcotic, astrino-ent. Papayeraceae. Bloodroot, poppy. Narcotic, anodyne. Radish, cabbage. Diuretic, antiscorbutic, warming. Ueome, mignonette. Aperient, narcotic if nauseous. Soap-berry. Emollient. Maple tree. Aperient, diuretic. Barbadoes cherry. Aperient. John's wort, sundew.Tonic, vulnerary. Misseltoe-rose. Expectorant, secernant stimu- Orange, lemon. Tonic, refrigerant. [lant. Tea. Astringent, anodyne. Crape. Astringent, refrigerant. Wood-sorrel, gerani- Tonic, refrigerant, narcotic if Hollyhock. [um. Emollient, aperient, [nauseous. Cruciferae Capparides. Sapindi. Acera. Malpighiae. Hyperica. Guttiferae. Aurantia. Meliae. Vites. Gerania. Malvaceae. Magnoliae. Annonae. Menispe.*ma Berbendes. Tiliaceae.v Cisti. Rutaceae White wood. Custard apple. Moonseed. Witch hazel. Basswood. Rock-rose, violet. Rue. Tonic, aperient.' Tonic, aperient. Feeble narcotic. Astringent, refrigerant. Emollient, aperient. Tonic. Caustic, narcotic. Emollient, aperient. Class X. Stamens surrounding the germ. Sempervivae. Houseleek, live-forever. Emollient, vulnerary. Saxifragae. Saxifrage, currant leaf. Tonic. Cacti. Prickly pear, currant. Refrigerant, emollient, tonic. Portulacceae. Purslane. Emollient, vulnerary. Caryophylleae.Pink, flax Subdivisions by Lindley, Sfc. 54. Cardiaceae. 55. Inuleae, Astereae- Eupatoriaceae, Heliantheae, Anthemideae, Ambrosiaceae. 56. Valeria- Slellatae, Cinclioneae. 58. Lorantheae. 61. Hydropeltia- Nymphaceae, Nelumboneae, Podophyllaceae, Sarraceniae. neae. ceae. 62. 54. Resedaceae. 66. Hippocastaneae. 68. Droseraceae. 70 Tern stromeriaceae. 71. Cedreleae, Styraceae. 73. Oxalideae, Tropeoleae Wintereae. 78. Hamamelideae. 80. Violaceae. 81 83. Galacineae. 85. Grossulariae. 86. Balsameae. 75. Zygophylleae. Crassulaceae. Elatineae, 12 TABLE FOR REFERENCE. Names. 87. Ficoidea-e. 88. Onagrae. 89. Myrti. 90. Melastomae. 91. Salicariae. 92. Rosaceae. 93. Leguminosae. 94. Terebintaceae 95. Rhamni. Examples. Ice plant. Scabish. Mock orange. Deer grass. Willow herb. Apple, rose, peach. Cassia, pea, clover. Sumach, butternut. Winter berry, jersey tea. Properties. Emollient, refrigerant. Ionic, aperient. Tonic. Feeble tonic. Deobstruent, cathartic. Refrigerant, tonic, astringent. Aperient, diuretic, emollient. Cathartic, emetic, narcotic. Cathartic, tonic. Section fourth. Diclinious or anomalous. Class XI. Flowers mostly apetalous. Cathartic, mild emetic. Cathartic, refrigerant. Tonic, anodyne. 96. Euphorbeae. Castor bean. 97. Cucurbitaceae. Cucumber, melon 98. Urticeae. Hop, hemp, fig. 99. Amentaceae. Oak, willow, elm, 100. Coniferaeae. Pine tree, cedar. Astringent, tonic, emollient. Expectorant, secernant stimu- \lant. Subdivisions by Lindley, Sj-c. 88. Halorageae, Circeaceae, Callitrichi- neae, Ceratophylleae, Hydrocharideae, Loaseae, Turneraceae. 89. PhiJ- adelpheae. 91. Rhizophoreae. 92. Calycantheae, Sanguisorbeae, Po- maceae, Amygdaleae, Chrysobalaneae. 93. Polygaleae, Fumariaceae, 94. Amyrideae, Juglandeae, Anacardiacea, Xanthoxyleae. 95. Celas- trineae, Hippocrateaceae, Staphyleaceae, Ilicineae. 96. Empetreae. 97 Passifloreae, Papayaceae. 98. Artocarpeae, Datisceae, Saurureae, Pipe- raceae. 99. Ulmaceae, Cupuliferae, Betulineae, Salicineae, Plataniae, Myriceae. 100. Cycadeae. DIRECTIONS. 1. For explanation of words, use the common English Dictionary; and the Glossary at p. 254—or the Index at the end of it, which refers to the pages in the fore part of the book, where the words are explained. 2. For abf/reviations, turn to p. 101. 3. For characters and letters, turn to p. 232. 4. For natural affinities and properties, turn to the table which ends on this page. 5. For English names of plants, look at the Index at the end of this book; find the abbreviated generic name, and turn to it by its alphabeti- cal order, where the species are described. 6. The abbreviations are printed on cards to be pasted inside of the cover; so that, by turning up, they may be perpetually in view. DIRECTIONS FOR TEACHERS NAMING, LABELLING, AND PRESERVING PLANTS. Experience has demonstrated that the student in botany will make the best possible progress, by merely studying the names of plants, until he can call the names of four or five hundred species at sight. He will then be prepared to study their systematic and physiological characters, their affinities and properties.* It is always the first business of successful instructors, to lead the pu- pil, by the shortest possible course, to an acquaintance with plants in the flowering season, by name. Consequently, students should commence the study between the middle of April and the middle of September, when specimens of plants in the flowering state may be obtained in abundance. Drawings, or printed figures, are of little use in this part of the study ; for the student must see real groicing specimens of every plant, and of every organ to which his attention is called. The memory must not be burdened with many technical terms—a few are sufficient for preparing the student for entering upon the study of generic names. Afterwards, good progress may be made by the help of a glossary ; both in generic and specific names. No progress can be made in the study of plants, by the aid of an ele- mentary treatise alone. A book is required, which contains all the ge- neric and specific names of all known plants, within the district of coun- try where pupils are taught. Their names must be arranged in groups, just sufficient to enable them to refer a plant under examination to its proper group, or class, by a few of its most striking external characters. Take, for example, the flower of the pear, (whose name we are not supposed to know,) and proceed as follows : 1. By an attention to organs, hereafter to be explained, we find it in the 11th class. 2. By other organs, we rafer it to the 5th order. 3. Next it is found to be genus Pyrus. 4. At last we examine the species of this genus, and find it contains the species, apple, pear, quince, and crab. On a close examination, we find it to be species pear. In determining the generic name of a plant, first examine the sta- mens. Unless the number of stamens considerably exceeds ten, count the number of divisions of the calyx, or corol. This will aid in determin- ing the number of stamens in cases of accidental deficiencies, &c. For the number of stamens will agree with those divisions, or with a mul * Doct. Tully, (who honored the author with personal remarks on a portion of this work in MS.,) said, that he should be in favor of teachins pupils, (if public opinion would favor it,) the names of four or five hundred species of plants by the mere dictum of the teacher, before they studied the elementary principles; even those of classi- fication. _ 14 DIRECTIONS FOR tiple or divisor ^rliiem. If these are in two surrounding series, each se- ries must be reckoned separately. For example ; the mustard has four petals, with an inner series of four stamens—also an outer and shorter sereis of two stamens, (a divisor of the petals.) In some cases the inner series is governed by the germ. For example; the buck-wheat, (Polygonum fagopyrum.) has five divisions to the calyx, with an outer series of five stamens—also an inner series of three stamens, corresponding with the three-sided germ. An accidental variation of the germ will cause a variation in the number of stamens. For example ; the Prince's feather (Polygonum orientale) has a two-sided germ, or rather lenticular : this species has but two stamens in the inner series, because the germ has but two sides, makingits whole number but seven. Having determined the number of stamens, if ten or under, or that the number exceeds ten,examine their position, relative length, and connexion, according to the definitions of the Linnean Artificial classes. \\ lien the plant is carefully referred to its true class, examine the descrij'tions of the orders under each class, until its true order is ascertained. If the order is large, and divided into sections, let its true section be found by an ex- amination of definitions of the sections. Having brought the plant to the smallest subdivision to which it can be referred, proceed to compare the parts of fructification with the de- scriptions of the genera of that sub-division. If the descriptions are well drawn, the plant will be excluded from all the genera but one. Take the name of the remaining (unexcluded) genus, and proceed with it to the species. Here find its name in the usual manner of finding words arrang- ed alphabetically in any common dictionary, if Eaton's Manuel is used; or find it by the number of the genus, in Bigelow, Pursh, Darlington, Elliot, Barton, Torrey, and many other works. If Beck's Natural Sys- tem is used, look for the number of the genus under each natural order; for he begins a new series of numbers under each order* Then compare the plant with the specific descriptions under the genus, until the species is found. This exercise, called analyzing, should frequently occupy an hour. But the chief business of a student should be to collect plants as fast as they open their flowers—and to prepare them for the herbarium. The stu- dents of a class should go out, in small parties, in different directions, and each should collect more than he needs, in order to exchange with other students. It is impossible for any student to analyze one tenth part of his plants, if he is an industrious collector. Therefore, the teacher must appoint a labeling exercise when a sufficient number of plants is collected. Students must assort the plants collected, and lay them on a table, in distinct parcels. The teacher may look over the parcels, and put a label of the generic and specific name in each parcel before or after the class meets ; or he must announce the names personally. Stu- dents should always turn to the name in the book, in order to be accu- rate in the spelling. Labels should always be looped to the plants to prevent mistakes, and the label should be frequently read at the same time that the plant is closely inspected. In this way, he will be enabled to recall the name at sight of the plant; and to recall the form, or habit, of the plant by its name. * Prof. Eaton recommends Beck's Botany, as a cheap substitute for the expensive work of De Candolle, so far as it applies to the Northern Slates. Also for its useful- ness to those who wish to study Natural orders, upon De Candolle's method. But ho agrees wiib Dr. Tully, and with all other succe: sful teachers, in the indispensable use of the artificial system for beginner■:. TEACHERS. J 5 There can be no such thing in the world as a lazy botanist; and an unhealthy botanist, or abotanist of feeble health, is almost a paradoxical expression. The bodily exercise in collecting plants, and the mental exercise in studying them, seems, by experience, to secure health and cheerfulness, until we arrive at that stage in our existence, when " life must downward tend." Should Omnipotence offer me one wish, it would be—:' let every individual of our race, study his works ; particu- larly the vegetable kingdom." Society would then be almost perfect. After plants are labelled, let them be preserved in plenty of papers, excluded from air by the close contact of the sheets enclosing them. Let their moisture be absorbed by the paper, under a heavy pressure of weight (50 or 60 pounds) or by a screw press. Plants must be trans- ferred to dry papers at least once in twenty-four hours ; and they must be taken out, their labels read, and in damp rainy weather, their absorb- ing-papers dried by the heat of a fire. At the close of the year, when the plants are well dried by absorption, and consequently tough and flexible, put them into a neat, well-bound book, arranged systematically. According to what system should plants be arranged in an Herbarium? This question has often been asked. It appears to me, that the an- swer is perfectly apparent. Those who are designed for the profession of Medicine, should arrange them according to the Natural Method, by which they are led at once to the medicinal properties of plants Those who intend to give but Utile attention to botany, or who intend to teach, should arrange their Herbarium upon the Linnean Artificial Method. Those who study plants extensively, with reference to the arrangement of them by their nomenclature, affinities, natural arrangement, &c, should prepare the Herbarium for the two methods—and should add an alphabetical index. To know the names of individual species, is the first business of the student in botany. For who can reason, or even speculate, upon sub- jects of which he has no knowledge. We treat our predecessors with contempt, when we neglect to study their works. And moderns, as well as ancients, inquire of Nature (who grants her favors sparingly) for true wisdom in the study of her works. This favor she seems to deny, unless she be eought unto diligently. NOTES FOR AX INTRODUCTORY LECTURE. 1. I hold in my hand a plant, of whose name and qualities we are sup- posed to be ignorant. If its name can be ascertained, we can search for its qualities and uses, in all treatises on this subject, from the days of Esculapius, with perfect success. 2. To ascertain its name, we must resort to the Linnean artificial system—to ascertain its qualities, we must refer it to the Natural System of Jussieu. improved by Brown, De Lamarck, De Candolle, Lindley, and others. In the text-book which we adop+, references are made, by which, when we find out the name, we are led directly to the required Natural Order—-consequently to its general qualities. 3. The lecturer now analyzes a plant selected for this lecture, and traces it through its Class, Order, and Genus. There he refers it again to its Genus by alphabetical series—there he refers it to its specific name; then to its Natural Order, and gives its general qualities. He should gay, that it is the duty of the botanist to give its general properties. The 16 LESSONS FOR lecturer on Materia Medica must begin here, and give the measure of dose, and other practical directions for its use in Medicine. And that the Horticulturist and Agriculturist, must begin here to apply the rules of their respective professions. 4. The lecturer should say to his auditors, that all the nations of the earth have agreed, by a tacit assent that Latin shall be the language for the exchange of thoughts on the Natural Sciences. Therefore Latin names of plants are the legitimate names. And that when names of men or places are applied to plants, they shall be Lalinized and applied ac- cording to the established rules of grammar. Thus we say Bidens Beckii, (beggar-tick of Beck) or Potentilla Canadensis, (Canadian five- finger ) Inmost cases, the specific name expresses the real or supposed qualities, habits, or configurations of plants. They are adjectives fol- lowing the nouns, with which they agree in number, case, and gender ; as Helianthus annuus annual sunflower. 5. English names of plants are too variable to be received as guides in the use of plants. For example, the Eupatorium purpureum is called Joepye in Berkshire county, Massachusetts—Bonesct near New York— Thorough wort in Connecticut, and Trumpet-weed in some of the south- ern States. Therefore, we should always label plants with the scientific name ; reserving to ourselves the right of calling them by the common local names of our immediate vicinage. 6. The lecturer should not neglect to make all his auditors sensible of the fact; that the subject of botany, after six days of study, requires no more of the time required for other studies. The bodily exercise in col- lecting plants, after 4 o'clock P. M., each fair day, is all that is required. But this must be unremitted^ through the months of May, June, July, August, and September. Sleep is made sweet and health is sustained, beyond measure, by this exercise. LESSONS FOR STUDENTS. ELEMENTARY ORGANS. Technical terms, to be learned before studying the names of genera. Each student is furnished with a flower, in which all the usual organs are present. The instructor then illustrates these seven elementary or- gans, by pointing to each. 1. Calyx*—The leaf cup of the flower, generally green. 2. Corol.—The blossom, or delicate part of the flower. 3. Stamens.—The organs immediately surrounding the central one. 4. Pistil.—The central organ of the flower. 5. Pericarp.—The covering of the seed. 6. Seed.—The part which contains the rudiment of a new plant. 7. Receptacle.—The base which sustains the other six parts. Sub-division of the calyx. Every calyx is either monophyllous (consisting of one leaf) or poly- phyllous, consisting of more than one leaf. 1. Perianth.—That calyx which adjoins the other parts of the flower. * These terms, and all others employed in this book, will be fully defined in the Glossary. ' " ' ' STUDENTS. 17 2. Involucre.—A leaf-like calyx which comes out some distance below the flower, and never embraces it closely. 3. Spathe.—A membrane, which at first encloses the flower, and after it expands, is left at a distance below it. 4. Glume.—A chaffy calyx which is composed of valves or scales. 5. Ament.—An assemblage of lateral scales, arranged on a long recep- tacle : each scale is a calyx. 6. Califptre.—The cap of pistilate mosses, resembling an extinguisher set on a candle. 7. Volca.—The ring or wrapper of a fungus. Sub-divisions of the corol of one petal. 1. Bell-form.—Hollowed out within the base, and generally diverging upwards. 2. Funnel-form.—With a tubular base, and in the form of a tunnel. 3. Salccr-form.—Having a flat border, proceeding from the top of a tube. 4. Wheel-form.—Having a spreading border, without a tube. 5. La bin te.—A labiate corol is divided into two parts, somewhat re- sembling the lips of a horse or other animal. Sub-division of the corol of more than one petal. 1. Cruciform.—Consisting of four equal petals, spreading out in the form of a cross. 2. Caryuphylleous.—Having five petals, each with long claws, enclos- ed in a tubular calyx. 3. Liliaceous.—A corol with six petals, of a bell-form appearance. 4. Rosaceous.—Spreading petals, without claws, or with short ones. 5. Papilionaceous.—A flower with a banner, two wings, and a keel. If a corol agrees with none of the above descriptions, it is called anom- alous. Sub-divisions of the Stamen. 1. Anther.—A knob of the stamen which contains the pollen. 2. Pollen.—The dusty, mealy, or glutinous substances in the knob. 3. Filament.—That which elevates the anther, or knob. Sub-divisions of the Pistil. 1. Stigma.—The end of the pistil. 2. Germ.—That part of the pistil, which, in maturity, becomes the pericarp and the seed; as the cherry. 3. Style.—That part of the pistil which connects the stigma and the germ. Snb-dirisitm of the Pericarp. 1. Silique.—The pod which has a longitudinal partition. 2. Legume.—The pod, without the longitudinal partition. 3. dps/tie.—That pericarp which opens by valves, or pores, and be- comes dry when ripe- 4. Drupe.—That pericarp which is thick and fleshy, enclosing a nut or stone. 5. Pome.—Pulpy fruit, which contains capsules. 6. Berry.—Pericarp, enclosing seed without capsules within it. 2* 18 LESSORS FO'K 7. Strobile.—An ament, with woody scales. Inflorescence. The manner in which Flowers are situated on plants. 1. Whorl.—Flowers around the stem in rings. 2. Raceme.—Florets on undivided pedicels. 3. Panicle.— Florets on divided pedicels. A panicle contracted, is called a thyrse. 4. Spike.—Florets sessile on the elongated general receptacle. 5. Umbel.—Flower-stems, diverging from one place. 6. Cyme.—General flower-stems spring from one centre, but subor- dinate flower-stems irregularly sub-divided. 7. Corymb.—Flower-stems take their rise from different heights along the main stem. 8. Fascicle.—Flower stems irregular in their origin and sub-divisions. 9. Head.—Heaped together in a globular form, without peduncles. CLASSIFICATION. According to the views of Linneus, (this father of this science of na- ture) plants should first be arranged into Classes, Orders, and Genera. And though genera must be divided into species, this distribution is a subordinate operation of minor importance. Therefore, he confined the characteristics to the fructification, for determining the Classes. Orders, and Genera, of every plant—leaving the species of a genus to be decided by taking various parts of plants into consideration. It should always be the business of students in botany to study the fructification of plants, before considering any other parts of them. Therefore Classes, Orders, and Genera, should always occupy the stu^ dent a considerable time, before he attempts a farther investigation. The preceding terms, added to the Latin and Greek numerals, as far as twenty, will be sufficient for entering upon the study of the fructifi- cation of plants, and for determining the Class, Order, and Genus of any plant under examination. LATTltf AND GREEK NUMERALS TO BE COMMITTED TO MEMORY. Latin. Greek, Unus, 1. Monos, Bis, 2. Dis, Tres, 3. Treis, Quatuor, 4. Tettares, Quinque, 5. Pente, Sex, 6. Ex, (pronounced hex,) Septem, 7. Epta, (pronounced hepta,) Octo, 8. Okto, Novem, 9. Ehhea, Decern, 10. Deka, Undecem, 11. Ehdeka, Duodecetn, 12. Dodeka, Tredewm, 13. Dekatreis, Quatuofdeciffl, 14. Dekatettares, Qutndecim, 15. Dekapenta, »e*d«eitt), 16, Dekaex, STUDENTS. 19 Septemdecim, Octodecim, Novemdecim, Viginti, Multus, 17. Dekaepta, 18. Dekaokto, 19. Dekaennea, 20. Eikosi. 21. Many Polus. FORMS OF LEAVES, PETALS, CALYX-LEAVES, GERMS, &c. Linneus assumed standard forms, drawn from common natural bodies; and from artificial implements and instruments in common use among the ancients, before the end of the fourth century. The various parts of plants are referred to those forms, from which they differ least; and two or more may be united by a hyphen, when such union is necessary. NATURAL FORMS. English. Latin; Animals in general, bristle, Seta, hair, capillus, lip, labium, teeth, dens. Birds, beak, bill, claw, down, egg, feather, feet, spur, wing, rostrum, unguis, lanugo. Men. arm, armpit, beard, ear, eye, hand, head, heart, kidney, knee, navel, ovum, pluma, penna, pedis {ofpes) calcar, pinna, ala, axilla, barba, aurie, oculusj palma, caput, cordis, (of cor) renis, genu, umbilicus, ARTIFICIAL FORMS. English. Latin. Instruments of Art. subula, awl, cross, crown, cup, fork, keel, needle, salver, saw, spike, spindle, tunnel, crusis (of crux,) corolla, cyathus, calyx, furca, carina, acus, ] hypocratera, Serra, spicum, fusus, infundibilum, Mathematical figures. delta, (Gr. letter) sub-triangulus line. linearis, ovate, ovum, top. turbo, Instruments of Sound. bell campanum, lyre, lyra, viol. Instruments of liar. arrow, SagittAf club, clava, halbert, hasta, lance, lancea, shield, scutum, falcate, filcis (offatx,) sword, ensisi Lisaves are evergreen or deciduous, Forms of Simple Leaves. Resembling the longitudinal section of an egg, the base 1. Oval being broader than the extremity 20 LESSONS FOR 2. Oval— Differing from ovate, in having both ends equal in breadth. 3. Oblong.—The length more than twice the breadth and the sides somewhat parallel. 4. Obovate.—Ovate with the narrowest end towards the stem. 5. Cordate.—Heart-shaped, the hind-lobes being rounded, as lilac. 6. Obcordatc.—Cordate, with the apex or narrowest end towards the stem. 7. Kidney-form.—Hollowed in at the base, with rounded lobes and rounded ends. 8. Lanceolate.—In the form of the ancient lance. 9. Linear.—Continuing of the same width through nearly the whole length. . 10. Awl-form. —Linear at the base, and becoming more or less curve at the point. 11. Acuminate.—Any kind of leaf terminating more or less suddenly in a point turned towards one edge of the leaf. 12. Arrow-form.—Shaped like an arrow-head ; differing from cordate in having the hind-lobes more or less acute. 13. Halbert-form.—Hastate. Shaped like an halbert. 14. Guitar-form.—Oblong, brctadish near the base and contracted at the sides. 15. Lobed.—Deeply parted, and the divisions large, with rounded sides or ends. 16. Palmate.—Resembling a hand with the fingers spread, as a horse- chestnut. 17. Pedate.—Resembling a bird's foot. 18. Sinuate —Having the margin hollowed with deep sinuses or bays. 19. Pinnatifid.—Divided transversly by deep incisions, not extending to the midrib. 20. Lyrate.—Pinnatifid, with the largest division at the apex. 21. Runcinate.—Pinnatifid, with the divisions pointing backwards. Edges of Leaves. 22. Serrate.—Having sharp notches resembling saw-teeth along the margin, and pointing towards the apex. 23. Toothed.—Having projjctions from the margin of its own sub- stance, which are neither serratures, nor crenatures. 24. Crenate.—Having uniform notches on the margin of the leaf which incline towards the apex, or the base, or neither. Ends of Leaves. 25. Emarginate.—Notched at the termination of the Midrib. 26. Ratuse.—Emarginate with a shallow sinus. 27. Obtuse.—Having the apex of the leaf more or less rounded. 28. Acute.—Terminating in an angle ; that is, not rounded. Surfaces of Leaves. 1. Hairy.—Having distinct strait hairs. 2. Downy.—Covered with fine cotton-like down. 3. Silky.—Covered with soft close-pressed hairs. 4. Bristly.—Set with stiff hairs. 5. Ciiiate.— Edged with parallel hairs or bristles, resembling1 eve- lashes. 6 J STUDENTS. 21 6. Nerved.—Furnished with midrib-like fibres running from the base to the apex. 7. Veined.—Having tendinous fibres variously branched. Positions of Leaves. 1. Decurrent.—When the two edges of the leaf extend along the stem below the place of insertion. 2. Clasping.—Sessile, with the base more or less heart-form, so as en- tirely or in part to surround the stem. 3. Sheathing.—With the leaf prolonged do.wn the stem, so as to cover it in the manner of the grasses. 4. Perfoliate.—Having the stem passing through the leaf. 5. Connate.—Leaves opposite with their bases united. 6. Peltate.— With the foot stalk attached to the lower side of the leaf, so as to resemble a shield. 7. Opposite.—Standing at the same height, with base against base. 8. Whorlcd.—Surrounding the stem in horizontal rings or rows. 9. Imbricate.—Lying over each other like shingles on a roof, so as to " break joints." 10. Fascicled.—Growing in bunches from the same point, as leaves from white pine. 11. Radical.—Proceeding immediately from the root. Compound Leaves. 1. Tcrnate.— Having three leafets proceeding from the end of one petiole. 2. Biiernate.—Twice ternate ; when the petiole is ternate and each division bears three leafets. 3. Triternate.—Three times ternate. 4. Pinnate.—With distinct leafets arranged on the opposite sides of the same petiole. 5. Bipinnate.—Twice pinnate. 6. Tripinnate.—Thrice pinnate. 7. Interruptedly pinnate.— Having smaller leafets dispersed among the larger. Appendages. 1. Stipule.—A leafet or scale at or near the base of a petiole. 2. Bract.—A leaf among or near the flowers, different from the other leaves of the plant. 3. Thorn.—A sharp process from the woody part of a plant. . 4. Prickle.—A sharp process from the bark, as those on raspberry bushes, &c. , 5. Sting.— Hair-like processes, mostly from the leaves, as nettles. 6. Gland.—A roundish, generally minute, appendage to different parts ofplants. . . 7. Tendril— The filiform appendage by which climbing plants support themselves on other bodies. 22 classification. LINNEAN ARTIFICIAL CLASSES. A. Ten Classes distinguished by number of stamens. 1. Monondria.—One stamen in each flower. A small class obscure. 2. Diandria.—Two stamens in each flower. Character distinct. 3. Triandria.—Three stamens in each flower. Mostly grasses, definite. 4. Tetrandria.—Four stamens in each flower. Very artificial, de- finite. 5. Pentandria.—Five stamens in each flower. Contains several natural orders. 6. Hexandria.—Six stamens in each flower. Calyx often wanting, definite. 7. Heptandria.—Seven stamens in each flower. A small class ob- scure. 8. Octandria.—Eight stamens in each flower. Mostly definite. 9. Enneandria.—Nine stamens in each flower. A small class, inde- finite. 10. Dccandria.—Ten stamens in each flower. Very definite. B. Two classes distinguished by number and position of Stamen. 11. Icosandria.—More than ten stamens on the calyx. Stamens generally about 20, and some multiple of the divisions of corols. 12. Polyandria.—More than ten stamens not on the calyx. Stamens generally numerous and very definite. C. Two classes distin guished by num ber and proportiona I length of stamens. 13. Didynamia.—Stamens four—two longer than the other two, corols labiate. 14. Tetradinamia.—Stamens six—four of them longer than the other two. Flowers all cruciform, and bearing siliques. D. Three classes distinguished by connexion of stamens. 15. Monadelphia.—Stamens united by their filaments in one set. Sometimes the filaments have broad bases not united. 16. Diadelphia.—Stamens united by their filaments in two sets. Sometimes they are in one set; in such cases the flower is always pa- pilionaceous. 17. Syngenesia.—Stamens united by their anthers, with five separate filaments. Flowers compound. E. Three classes distinguished by the position of stamens, relative to pistils. 18. Gynandri a.—Stamens on the pistil distant from the bases of the corols. Glutinous pollen, and nectaries, generally present. 19. Monoecia.^-Stamens in flowers not containing pistils, but always on the same plant with those containing pistils. Pollen abundant. 20. Dioeciv.—Stamens in flowers riot containing pistils, and always on separate plants from those containing pistils. Pollen abundant. F. One class distinguished Inj the want of stamens. 21. Cryptogamia.—Stamens wanting, or eluding all research. This class is always referrable to the natural method. CLASSIFICATION. 23 ORDERS OF THE ARTIFICIAL CLASSES. 1. \ 2. I 3. J Each of these 12 classes is distributed into orders by the num- 4. J ber of the styles of the pistils—or by the number of stigmas, if 5. | styles are not present. The orders are named by combining 6. I a Greek numeral, expressing the number of styles, or stigmas, 7. I with gynia (a metaphorical name for pistil.) Monogynia, Di- 8- ' Synin., Trigynia, Teiragynia, Pentagynia. Hexagi/nia, Heptagy- 9. / nia, Oclagynia, enneagynia, Decagynia, Polygynia. Any num- 10.1 ber of these orders may occur in any one of these twelve classes. 12./ 13. This class is divided into two orders. 1. Gymnospermia, seeds without pericarps.—2. Angiospcrmia, seeds in pericarps. 14. This class is divided into two orders. 1. Pleurorhiza, seeds with ra- dicals on their sides. Cotyledons accumbent and compressed. Seeds often margined. 2. Notorhiza.—Seed with the radicle not on its side. It is generally on its back. Cotyledons mostly incumbent, not compress- ed nor margined. # Each of these two classes is divided into orders by the numbers, position, and connexion of stamens, precisely as preceding classes are divided, and called by the same name. 1. Polygamia equalis florets all perfect—2. P. superflua rays pistillate—3. P. frustranea, rays neutral—4. P. necessaria, disk staminate, and rays pistillate.—5. P. segregata, florets with separate calyxes. ich of these three classes is distributed into orders by the num- ber, position, and connexion of stamens, as in preceding classes; like the 15th and 16th. These two are called by the same names—as Monandria, Dian- dria, Triandria, Tetrandria, Pentandria. This class is distributed into six orders, according to the natu- ral affinities of plants arranged under it. 1. Filices, (ferns) 2. Musci, (mosses.) 3. Hepaticae, (liverworts.) 4. Algae, (frogspittle,) and seaweeds. 5. Lichens^ (lichens.) 6. Fun- gi, (mushroons, puffballs, &c.) * Linneus, (who is followed by Eaton, Bigelow, Darlington, and others, (divides this class into Siliculosa, length and breadth of pods nearly equal—and Siliquosa pod much longer than broad. 15. r 16. ) 17. ) 18. \Ea 19. 20. GENERA OF PLANTS, FOR NORTH AMERICA. CLASS I. MONANDRIA.— I. Stamen Remarks. This class, which is not large, contains the ginger, carda- mun, and tartaric. Tne Salicornia (samphire) is burn?d for barilla and pij.il ;1 for the table. M>st plants of this class ar.i aquatics, and grow in marshes. The nature of the flowers of this class lias long been asubj;ct of dispute among botanists: some considering the colored inner segnmts to be the tru2 petals, and variable in number ; others, supposing thiin to be a part of the calyx, and constant in number. Order i. Monogynia—1 Stamzn. 1 S.'yle. Germ inferior, anther simple, style erect, free, flowers hazing spatfies. Canna.—Anthers attached to the edge of the petal-like filaments. Styles thick, club-shaped. Stigma linear, obtuse. S. Thvma.—Anther attached to its proper filaments. Style depressed. Stigma depressed, perforated, and gaping. S. Apetalous. Salicornia.—Cal. turbinate, entire, fleshy. Stamen inserted into the bottom of the cal. Style 2-fid. Utricle enclosed in the fleshy calyx Seed v-Tticaily compressed. Hippuris.—Cal. entire, minute. Style in the hollow of the anther. Germen ini'jrior, one-seeded, crowned by the rim of the calyx. Order II.—Digynta. 1 Stamen, 2 Styles. Corispekmum—Cal. 2-leaved. Cor. 0. Seed one, oval, conve* plan-.1. (Stamens oi'tm 5.) S. Cali.itriche.—Cal. 2-baved. Pet. 0. Caps. 2-celled, 4-seeded. Blitum.—Cal. triiid. Cor. 0. Seed one, immersed in a berried calyx. CLASS II. DIANDRIA. 2 Stamens. This class, which is not large, is so entirely artificial, that no other characters than thos-^ of the Linnean definition, can be assigned to it. The most useful of the class, are tiie pepper and the oliv ■: the jasmine is used in p?rfjm-3ry; the sagj and the rosemary in cooking; and the privet and synnga for garden hedges. 26 CLASS 11. ORDER t. Order I. Monogynia. 2 Stamens, 1 Style. 1. Flowers complete, inferior, monopetalous, regular. Ole'a.—Cor. 4-cleft. Segments subovate. Drupe one-seeded. S. Chionanthus.—Cor. 4-cleft. Segments very long. Drupe one-seed- ed, with a furrowed nut. Ligustrum.—Cor. 4-cleft. Berry 4-seeded. Syring\.—Cor. 4-cleft—capsule of two cells. E. Jasmisum.—Cor. 5 or fc'-cleft. Berry with two divisions. Seeds sol- itary, with an arril. E. 2. Flowers complete, inferior, monopetalous/ irregular. Veronica.—Cor. 4-cleft . limb flattish ; the lowest segment the nar- rowest. Capsule 2-celled. Leptandra.—Calyx5-parted, acuminate: corol tubular, 4-cleft, with one division smaller ; capsule ovate, 2-celled, opening at the top. G.iatiola.—Cor. 4-cleft, 2-lipped, resupinate. Stamens 4. 2-sterile. Caps. 2-celled. Lindernia.—Calyx 5-parted, equal : corol reversed-tubular, ringent, the upper lip very short, the lower one unequally 3-cleft, 2-keeled at the base : anthers coheiing by pairs, 2 stamens longer, forked, barren: capsidj 2-celled, 2-valved, the partition parallel to the valves. Elytraria.—Cal. 4-5 parted, corol 5-cleft nearly equal. Caps. 2-va'vad, 2-celled. Seeds attached below to a dissepiment, contrary to the valves. S. Justhta.—Cal. 5-parted equal. Cor. 2-lipped or ringent: the lower lip divided. Anthers 2-celled. Seeds attached by little hooks. Pinguicula.—Cor. ringent, spurred. Cal. 5-cleft. Caps. 1-celled. Utricui.aria.—Cor. ringent, spurred. Cal. 2 leaved. Caps. 1-celled. Micranthemum.—Calyx 4-parted: corol 4-parted, and somewhat 2-lipped, with the upper one smaller than the rest: filament incurved, shorter than the coiol. Capsule sub-globular, 1-celled, 2-yalved ; with many striate seeds. S. Lycopus.—Cor. 4-cleft, nearly equal, with one segment emarginate. Stamens distant—seeds naked. Monarda. Corol ringent: helmet linear, wrapping up the anthers: seeds naked. Rosmarinus.—Cor. ringent. Helmet arched, bifid. Stamens curved with a tooth. Seeds naked. E. Salvia.—Cor. ringent. Filaments stalked cross-wise. Seeds naked. Collinsonia.—Cor. somewhat ringent: the lip very finely divided. Seeds naked. Hemianthus.—Calyx tubular—border 4-toothed; cleft on the under side : corol with the upper lip obsolete, lower one 3-parted, with the middle segment linear or strap-like and truncate, long, closely incurved: stamens with two-cleft filaments, bearing the anthcis on the latteral branches: capsules 1-celled. 2-valved, many-seeded: seeds ovate, shining. Catalpa.—Cor. 5-cleft, irregular. Cal. 2-parted. Stam. 3, steril. Caps. 2-celled. Seeds at each end, with a membranous pappus. Ornus.—Cal. 4-parted, cor. of 4-petals. Fruit, a winged Samara of 2 cells. CLASS III. ORDER I. 27 3. Flowers complete, superior. Circaea.—Cal. 2-leaved. Cor. with two obcordate petals. Fedia.—Caps. 3-celled, crowned with the upright, (not involute,) limb of the calyx. Corol irregular. Order II. Digynia. 2 Stamens, 2 Styles. Anthox antrum.—Glume membranous, 3-flowered. Lateral florets neuter with one glume, bearded ; intermediate floret perfect, much shorter than the lateral ones, glume obtuse, beardless. Seed free. Crypta.—Calyx2-leaved, inferior: corol 2 or 3-petalled, closed: styles none: stigmas 2 or 3, very minute: capsule 2 or 3-celled, 2 or 3valved, cells 4 or 5-saeded : seeds subcylindric, striate, incurved. The corol appears like a capsule with an aperture at the top, when examined with- out a lens. Erianthus.—Calyx 2-valved, valves nearly equal, villose at the base: corol 2-valved, unequal, inner glume bearing a long awn near its sum mit. S. Order III. Trigynia. 2 Stamens, 3 Styles. Piper.—Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Berry-seeded. Spadix simple, slender, cov- ered with little flower-bearing scales. E. CLASS III. TRIANDRIA. 3 Stamens. This class, contains most of the genera of three considerable and very natural orders—irideae, cyperaceae, and grainineae. The first are chief- ly bulbous-rooted, sword-leaved plants, with brilliant but transient flow- ers ; the second sedgy grass-like plants, more curious than useful; and the third, the proper grasses, an order which contributes more exten- sively and effectually to the support of man and domestic animals than any other, and contains no poisonous plant. The calyx and corol are rather to be considered as a form of Bract, as are also the inner scales, called Nectaiium by Linneus. Order I. Monogynia. 3 Stamens, 1 Style. 1. Flowers with calyx and corol distinct; or with a trifid corol only. Valeriana.—Cal. very small, finally enlarged into a feathery papus. Corol monopetalous, 5-lobed, regular, gibbous at the base. Capsule 1-celled. Calymenia.—Cal. 5-fid campanulate: cor. funnel-shaped, nutl-seeded, surrounded by the enlarged calyx. Xyris.—Col. 3 valved, cartilaginons, clustered in a head—cor. 3-pe- talled, equal, caps. 1, 3-celled, 3-valved. Stigma 3-fid. Commelina.—Cal. 3-leaved. Pet. 3. ' Filaments 3, or 4, steril, furnish- ed with crossing glands. Caps. 2—3-celled. Seeds fixed to the valves. Heteranthera. Calyx a 2 or 3-flowered spathe: corol dull-colored membranaceous, with a long slender tube, border 4 to6-parted: anthers 3, 2 of them attached to the divisions of the corol, the other attached to the top of the style. 28 CLASS III. ORDER t. 2. Flowers with a 5-parted colyx, and no corol. Polycmmun. Cal. 5-leaved. Seed 1 in a bladder. 3. Flowers Q-parted, colored: the calyx and corol not distinct. Crocus. Spathe usually 2-valved. Flower funnel-sl.aped, regnlar, the out 'r segments largest; tube very long, partly under ground. Stig- ma deeply tnfid, with convolute; segments. E. Isia. Spathe 2-valved: flower with a slender tube and regular limb: stigmas 3. narrow, recurved; cups, globose, ovate. S. Leitanti:us. Flower monopetalous,with a very long and slender tube, a <>-rarted limb, and nearly eqi.al segments. Stigiua fin:] le. Dii.atris. Flower superior, <:-pelallecl, regular. Cue filament short- er than the others, and with a larger anther: stigma simple: ears. 3-cel- led: feds solitary. Iris. Flower 6-parted; every other division reflexed: stigmas shap- ed like petals. Phyli.actis Involucre 1-leaved, sheathing: calyx marginal, minute: corol 3-clefl: seed 1: styles and stamens exsert. S. Trii'terella. Caljx (or corol) tubular, prismatic with winged mar- gins: base ventricose; limb 6-cleft, internal teeth covering the stamens: corol none: stigmas 3, capitate: capsule 3-sided. :>-celleii, many-seeded: Btamens included within the tube of the calyx. S. Syina. Calyx deeply 3-parted (or 3 leaved) acute, permanent: petals 3, roundish: anthers oblong: stigma 3-cleft: capsule rendered accuminate by the permanent style: 1-celled, 3-valved. Stipulicida. Calyx 5-parted, peimanent: corol 5-petalled, entire, as long us the calyx; style short, stigmas M: capsule 1-celled, 3-valved: seeds lew, attached by filaments to the receptacle. S. Boerhaavia. Calyx tubular, margin entire: corol 1-petalled, bell- form, plaited: seed I, invested by the permanent calyx, naked or tuber- cled, 0-grooved, obeenje: stamens various in number—ltoJO. S. 4. Flotcers glumaceous. Spathes entire. Sedger. Schoenus. Spikelats few-flowered, distichous; the lower scales nearly empty; the upperenclosing flowers: no bristles under the ovarium. RHYNCHei-puRA. "Spikelets few-flowered, slender; the lower nearly empty, the upper enclosing flowers. Bristles under the ovarium. . Fimbristvlis. Spikelets imbricated in all directions; many-flowered, none of the scales empty: style jointed at the base, and deciduous. S. Scirpus. Spikelets imbricated in all directions; many-flowered, none of the scales empty: bristles under the ovarium: style not jointed at the bas*5, and deciduous. Fuirena. Scales of the calyx mucronate or awned. every where im- bricate in a spike: corol 0; seed beset round with bread chaff-like scales, sometimes awned: these scales are called valves of corol by some. Eriophorum. Glumes chaffy, imbricated in all directions: seed sur- rounded by very long dense wool. Cyperus. Spikelets in two ranks, imbricated; nearly all the scales enclosing flowers: no bristles under the ovarium: style deciduous; not bulbous. Kyi.linga. Spikeletsl flowenl: glumes 4, imbricated in two rows, Compressed; the two lower (which ar>smaller) and theupper one ( mpty; the intermediate similar to the upper, and including a naked perfect flower: style bifid: no bristles under the ovarium: seed lenticular. CLASS III. ORDER L 29 Mariscus. Spikelets few-flowered; glumes imbricated in two rows the lower empty: stamens sometimes two: style trifid; neither scales nor bristles below the ovarium: seed triangular. Dulichium. Spikes sub-racemed, proceeding from the axils of the leaves; spikelets linear-lanceolate, sub-compressed: scales or glumes somewhat 2-ranked, closely embracing: styles very long, 2-cleft: germ with small bristles, rough backwards. Sheathes split. True grasses. Cenchrus. Involucre lacimate, echinate, 3 or 4-flowered: glumes 2-valved, 2-flowered; one flower barren: corol 2-valved, awnless: stvle 2-cleft. ' Spartina. Glume 3-valved, 1-flowered, unequal, keeled, very acute; valves 2, beardless, bifid, emarginate and toothed, shorter than the glume: scales fringed: style very long: seed loose, covered with the valves; spikelets 1-sided, inserted in a double row; spike compound. Nardus. Glume 1-valved, 1-flowered: valve 1: stigma simple: seed covered by the valve. S. Oryzopsis. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered, membranous, a little longer than the hardened valve: valves 2, the lower villose at the end with a jointed beard, the upper entire: scales 2, linear, the length of the ovari- um: Panicle nearly simple and loose. Mvpania. Flowers in heads; involucre, 3-leaved: perianth none: corol glumaceous, 6-valved, toothed, imbricate: stigmas 3: seeds envelo- ped in a 6-parted glume. S. Order II. Digynia. 3 Stamens. 2 Styles. 1. Inflorescence spiked or panicled : spikelets either solitary, fn pairs, or several together, one or more usually 2-flowered, one of the flowers being sterile or not perfect. Glumes usually of a thinner texture than the paleae, which are more or less cartilaginous, the lower one half enfolding the upper, and either beardless or occasionally bearded; nei- ther of them with a keel (Panicea, panic-like.) Paspalum. Glume 2-valved, 1 flowered, closely pressed to the two plano-convex paleae: seed coated with the paleae: flowers spiked, attach- ed to one side of the toothed rachis. Milium. Glume naked, beardless, 2-valved; the valves concave, lar- ger than the paleae, which are two, concave and equal. Seed coated with the indurated paleae. Digitaria. Infloresence digitate or fascicled: spikelets 1-sided; flower- stalks 2-or many-flowered: glume 2-valved; the lower valve very mi- nute; of the lower neuter floret the paleae membranous; of the upper perfect floret the paleae subcoriaceous hardened: seed slightly furrowed. Panicum. Glume 3-valved; valves unequal, the outer being very small: paleae two, concave, equal, beardless: seed coated with the har- dened paleae: panicle scattered and loose. Pennisetum. Setaria. Calyx 2-valved, 2-flowered; glumes unequal, herbaceous: infloiescence a spike, with a 2-or many-bristled involucre. Monocera. Flowers in two rows on one side of the rachis: calyx 3- valved, many-flowered; valves awned below the tip. Perfect flowers have the corol 2-valved, unequal; the outer awned below the tip. Neu- tral flowers have corols with two awnless valves. S. 30 CLASS III. ORDER II. Manisuris. Perfect flowers mixed with the staminate: calyx 1-flow- ered, valves 2, unequal; outer one coriaceous, roundish, emarginate on eachii .eof the base: corol 2-valved, smallei, and inc.uded in the calyx. Staminate and neutral have the calyx regular. S. Lepturus. Rachis articulated, filiform: articulations single-flower- ed: calyx growing to the rachis, 1 or 2-valved: valves simple, or 2- parted. S. Rotboelha. Rachis fragile, articulated, cylindric, often filiform: articulations 2-flowered or more: calyx flat, lance-ovate, 1 or 2-valved: corol smaller, 2-valved. S. Pleuraphis. Central spikelet perfect: calyx l-flowered with wedge- obovate, 2 cleft, 5-bristled glumes: lateral spikelets staminate; calyx 2- flowered, with one valve bristled near the base. S. Orthopogon. Has the character of Panicuin, except that both the intermediate and third valves of the glume are bearded, and the panicle has alternate spikelets. 2. Inflorescence panicled. Spikelets solitary, 1-flowered. Glumes membranous, the lower paleae coriacious, bearded, enfolding the upper, which has not two keels. (Stipaceas, feather-grass like.) Stipa. Glume 2-valved, 1-rlowered, membranous, longer than the two cartilaginous paleae, of which the lower is convolute, with along beard at the apex; upper entire. Beard jointed at the base, deciduous. Scales oblong entire: seed furrowed: panicle almost simple, lax. 3. Inflorescence panicled, sometimes contracted into form of a spike. Spikelets solitary, 1 -flowered. Glumes and paleae of nearly similar tex- ture, most usually with a keel. Lower paleae either bearded or beard- less, the upper never with two keels. (Agrostidea, red-top like.) Muhlenbergia. Glume 2-valved; valves very minute, fringed, three times as short as the paleae, the lower of which has a bristle. Scales ovate, obliquely truncate, gibbous. Seed naked, not furrowed. Panicle nearly simple, contracted or spreading. Polypogon. Glume 2-valved, I flowered; valves nearly equal, ob- tuse at the end with a very long bristle, much longer than the somewhat cartilaginous paleae. Lower paleae below its end, which is entire, with a straight short tender bristle, upper bifid, toothed. Panicle contracted, like a spike. Agrostis. Glume naked, beardless, 2-valved; valves concave, longer than the paleae, which are 2, and enclose the seed. Trichodium. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered; chaff one shorter than the glumes, bearded, and supported at the base by one or two fasicles of hairs. Seed loose, covered by the paleae. Cinna. Glume naked, beardless, with two concave valves, shorter than the paleae, which are 2, nearly equal, concave, with long points; the outpr one being bearded or beardless. Seed enclosed in the paleae. Psamma. Glumes nearly beardless. Paleae under the end emarginate, mucronate, shorter than the glumes. Scales 2, subulate. Style 3- parted. Seed turbinate. Spike compound erect cylindrical. Crypsis. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered. compressed, unequal. Palese 2, unequal, longer than the glume. Seeds loose, covered with the palere. Alopecurus. Glume 2-valved, 1-flowered: valves somewhat equal, connate, distinct. Paleae united into a bladder-like glume, split on one CLASS III. ORDER II. 31 Bide below the middle (generally) bearded. Scales linear entire.. Spike compound, contracted, without involucrum, branches very small, branchiug. Phleum. Glume 2-valved, naked, with a point or little beard out of the nerve at its back; valves boat-form, including the pales, which are 2, boat-form and beardless. Beard of the glume lengthened. Second floret sessile. Cerf.cia. Flowers lateral, 2-rowed, under a wide membranous boat- form rachis: calyx 2-valved. S. Phalaris. Glume 2-valved, naked, beardless: the valves or chaffs inclosing the paleae, which are two and boat form, also beardless, and naked at the base, but supported by hairs, or accessory glumes. Brachyelytrum. Muhlenbergia. Calyx very minute; lower glume scarcely perceptible: corol with the lower valve terminated by a long bristle; upper one with a club-lbrm rudiment at the base. 4. Inflorescence panicled. Spikelets solitary, 2 or many-flowered. Glumes with a keel. Pah ae of nearly the same texture as the glumes, the low- er carinate or concave, always bearded; the upper with two keels. (Bio- mea, oats-like, chess-like.) Aira. Spikelets slender. Glume 2-flowered, rarely 3-flowered, beardless, 2-valved, equal to the florets or shorter; oue oi the florets on a stalk, foleae 2, equal, enclosing the seed when ripe. Avena. Glumes membranous, 2-7-tlowered, longer than the floret: lower twice torm, or, with the upper, bifid toothed, sometimes eroded, having at the back a plaited twisted beard: scales ovate: seed coated, furrowed. Panicle compound, loose. Tkisetum. Lower poleae with 2 bristles and a tender flexouse beard above the middie of its back; scales lanceolate. Otlier characters of Avena apply. D^mho.nia. Lower paleae 2-toothed, with a plaited twisted beard from between the teeth, upper obtusely truncated. Seed loose, not fur- rowed, panicle simple. Other characters of Avena apply. Trrhochloa. Calyx 2-valved, 1-flowered; glumes very minute: corol much larger than the calyx, 2-valved, naked at the base; lower valve convolute at the base, terminating in a long awn, not articulated. Cal.vmagrostis. Calyx 2-valved, 1-flowered, valves acute or acumi- nate: corol 2-valved, mostly shorter than the calyx, surrounded with long wool at the base. S. Oxydemv. Spike panicled, filiform; spikelets 3 or 4 flowered, al- ternating on a one-sided rachis: general calyx permanent, 2-valved, acuminate-subulate, 1-nerved, longer than the florets: corol 2 valved, small, caducous, obtuse with or without awns: seed roundish, naked, smooth, somewhat gibbous. ^. Chloris. Spikes digitate, 1-sided: calyx 2-valved, 2-to 4-fiowered; valves keeled. Flowers unlike, abortive florets pedicelled. S. Aegilops Calyx lateral, 2-yalved, mostly 3-flowered; valves con.- c=ous broa.1, rigid diverging awns numerous: corol 2-va.ved outer 2-or Pawned: florets, intermediate, barren, lat-ral. perfect scss.Je. S. Ses.eria Common involucre many-leaved: the leatets sometimes deciduous. Glume 3-4-flowered. Valves unequa , shorter than the stalked florets. Lower paleae irregularly 2-toothed, bns lebearmg. Scales longer than the ovarium, subulate. Spikes compound. S. 32 CLASS III. ORDER IT. Koeleria. Spikelets compressed. Glume 2 or 3-flowered, beardless, 2-valved; the valves shorter than the lowest floret. Paleae 2, the outer beardless, or bearded under the point. Dactylis. Spikelets heaped in a head, 1-sided. Glume 2-7-flowered. Lower paleae under the end which is emarginate, bristlebearing, upper bifid toothed. Scales hairy. Seed loose, not furrowed. Panicle com- pound with short branches. Glyceria. Spikelet slender. Glume 5-7 flowered. Valves 2, trun- cate with transparent membranous edges, shorter than the florets. Low- er paleae eroded or many-toothed, boatform, embracing the uppei, which is bifid toothed. Scales connate. Seed furrowed. Panicle nearly simple. Festuca. Glume beardless, 2-valved; valves nearly equal, shorter than the lowest floret. Paleae 2, the outer one bearded at the end. Seed enclosed in the paleae. Bromus. Glume 3-20-flowered. Valves shorter than the floret, which are imbricated in the rows. Lower paleae cordate, emarginate below the end, sometimes torn in two with a strait beard. Scales ovate smooth. Seed coated, furrowed. Panicle compound. Arrhenanthemum. Calyx membranaceous, 2-flowered, rather short- er than the florets; lower floret bearing anthers; lower valve 2 cleft, awned below the middle: upper floret perfect; lower valve cleft, un- armed, or with a short awn below the tip. Uniola. Spikelets compressed. Florets imbricated in two rows, the lower only abortive. Glume 3-20-flowered, shorter than the florets. Lower paleae navicular at the end, abruptly cut off and mucronate be- tween the lobes, the upper subulate somewhat bifid-toothed. Scales bifid. Seeds turbinate, with two horns, not furrowed. Panicle com- pound, loose. Phragmites. Calyx5-7-flowered; the florets on villose pedicels, ex- cepting that the lowest is sessile, and naked at the base; lower valve elongated, acuminate, involute; upper one somewhatconduplicate. Tricuspis. Windsoria. Glume 5-7-flowered. Valves navicular, shorter than the florets. Lower paleae bifid-toothed, between the teeth and on each side mucronate: the upper truncate, almost emarginate. Seed 2-horned. Uralepsis. Calyrx scariose, 2-valved, 2 or 3-flowered: corol2-valved stiped; outer valve with hairy nerves much longer than the calyx, and tricuspidate, with the middle cusp longest, and terminated with an awn; inner valve short and arched: seedarilled: florets alternate and distinct, both flowers and culm purple, (purple hair-grass.) Ceratochloa. Glume 12-18-flowered. Valves shorter than the flo- rets. Paleae bifid, toothed; the lower mucronate between the teeth, Ovarium 3-horned. Seed coated, furrowed, 3-horned. Panicle nearly simple. Spikelets compressed. Florets imbricated in two rows. Beckmannia. Spikelets 1-sided; 3-5-flowered. Glumes unequal, navicular, with a little stalk at the base, obtuse at the end, spatulate nearly the length of the florets. Paleae nearly equal. Scales lanceolate! Seed loose, not furrowed. Spike compound; 3 spikelets in each tooth of the rachis. Melica. Glume unequal, 2-5-flowored, membranous, nearly the length of the florets, of which the upper are incomplete, abortive and CLASS III. ORDER H. 33 stalked. Scales truncate, fringed. Seed loose, not furrowed: panicle simple or compound Biuza. Glumes navicular, compressed, nearly cordate at the base, many-flowered—3 to 14. Shorter than the florets which aie imbricate in two rows. Lower paleae cordate at the base, embracing the upper which is nearly round and much shorter. Seed with two siiort filhorm beaks. Panicle compound, loose; branches pendulous. Poa. Glume 2 -'d-flowered. Valves shorter than the florets. Paleae sometimes woolly at the base, the upper bifid-toothed; scales smooth. Seed furrowed. Panicle more or less branching or scattered. Sorghum. Florets in pairs, one perfect with a 3-valved corol, ,and sessile; the other staminate or neutral, and pedicelled. E. 5. Infliresctnce, spiked. Spikelets solitary, seldom many-flowered (from 3 to 9) with the upper flower abortive and differently formed. Glumes with a keel not opposite. Lower paleae generally bearded, seldom beardless, the upper with two keels, (Chloridea, couch-grass like.) Eleusine Glume 5-7-flowered: valves obtuse: paleae obtuse, up- per bifid toothed: scales truncate, imbricate. Seed enclosed in a se- parate membrane, broadly and deeply furravved. Inflorescence digitate. Spikelets 4-5, erect 1-sided. Agropyron. Spikelets sessile on the teeth of the rachis, 3 to 9-flow- ered: glumes lanceolate, keeled: corol with the lower valve mucronate,. or ending in a subulate bristle. Atheropogon. Spikes in unilateral racemes: calyx 2-valved, mem- branaceous, 2-flowered; inferior valve bristle-form: perfect floret 2-val- ved; inferior valve 3-toothed or 3-brisiled; superior valve bifid: abortive floret pediciled, 2-valved, 3-bristled. Cynodon. Spikelets 1-sided in a simple row. Glumes membranous, persistent, shorter than the florets, and only embracing them at the base. Fertile florets with the upper paleae bifid-toothed. A rudiment of an abortive floret, stalked, smooth, clavate. Scales truncate. Seed loose, not furrowed. Spike digitate. Spikelets 4-5, filiform simple, slender. Gymnoi'ogon. Anthopoc.o.v. Calyx 2-valved keeled, nearly equal, longer than the corol: valves of the corol nearly equal; a straight bristle a little below the tip of the lower one; rudiment awn-form. Aulaxanthus. Aulaxia. Calyx 2-valved, 1-tlowered, with the ru- diment of a second; valves equal, furrowed, the furrows villous: corol with 2 nearly equal valves. 6. Inflorescence spiked. Spikelets solitary, in pairs or several together, 1- flowered, or many-flowered. Glumes opposite, equal. Lower paleae bearded or beardless, upper with two keels. (Cerealia, wheat like.) Triticum. Glume 2-valved, many flowered, shorter than the spike- let: the valves nearly eq lal, beardless, or with one beard enclosing the florets. Paleae 2, one of them being bearded from the end. Seed in- closed in the paleae, rarely otherwise. Varying by culture. Lolium. Spikelets sessile, to the lowest a glume of one valve, to the uppermost of two opposite valves. Lower paleae with mucro orbnstle at the end; upper membranous, bifid-toothed. Scales with two unequal teeth. Seed furrowed. _ „ „ Elymus. Spikelets in each tooth of the rachis, two or more 3-9-liow- 84 CLASS III. ORDER III. ered. Glume 2-valved nearly equal, rarely absent, or nearly so. Lower paleae entire with a bristle which is sometimes vi ry short, upper some- what bifid-toothed. Scales ovate, hairy. Seed furrowed, fepike sim- ple. Secale. Spikelets in each tooth of the rachis solitary, 2-3-flowered; the two lower florets fertile, sessile, opposite; the upper abortive. Glumes subulate, opposite, entire, shorter than the florets. Lower paleae entire, with a veiy long bristle, upper bifid-toothed. Scales obovate, hairy. Seed coated, furrowed. E. Hordeum. Spikelets 1-flowered, three together, the two lateral often barren. Glumes 2, subulate. Paleae 2, the lower bearded. Scales 2. Stigmas feathery. Seed coated with the paleae. Varying by culture. 7. Inflorescence spiked, or panicled, jointed. Spikelets generally in pairs, 1 or 2-flowered, the one sessile the otlier stalked, and usually not perfect. Glumes of a stouter texture than the paleae, neither keeled nor opposite. Paleae very delicate and membranous, not with a keel; the lower com- monly bearded. (Saccharina, sugar-cane.) Saccharum. Glume 2-valved, valves 2-flowered, enveloped in long wool. Lower floret neuter with one paleae, upper perfect with two paleae, the upper of which is very small or obsolete. E. 8. Inflorescence panicled. Spikelets solitary, 1-flowered. (Oryza, rice-like.) Leersia. Spikelets 1-flowered. Glumes 0. Paleae 2, beardless, keeled, compressed. Scales 2. Stamens 3-6. Stigmas very finely cut Seed loose, enclosed in the paleae. 9. Shrubby, panicled; panicles many-flnnred. Diarrhena. Glume 2-valved: valves navicular, rigid, the lower small- er, shorter than the florets. Lower paleae navicular, rigid, upper mem- branous, the edges broad, folded back. Scales 2, ovate, entire. Ovari- um with a hood. Seed furrowed, hardened, shining, loose. Arundinaria. Glume 5-7-flowered. Valves unequal, with stalked florets. Lower paleae very acute. Upper bifid toothed. Scales 3, smooth; stigmas 3, feathery styles. Scales 3, smooth. Stigmas 3, feathery. Styles 3. S. Order III. Triginia. 3 Stamens. 3 Styles. Holosteum. Calyx 5-leaved. Petals 5. Caps, sub-cylindrical, 1-eell- ed, opening at the end, 6-valved, many-seeded. Polycarpon. Cal. 5-leaved, 5-cornered. Petals 5, very small, ovate. Caps. 1-celled, 3-4-A'alved; valves lanceolate, twisted inwards. Seeds many. S. Lechea. Cal. 3-leaved. Petals 3, linear. Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved, and as many inner valves. Seed 1. Eriocaulon. Common calyx, an imbricated head. Petals 3, equal. Sjamens above the ovarium. Monoecious. Mollugo. Calyx 5-leaved. Cor. 0. Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved. Minuartia. Cal. 5-leaved. Cor. 0. Caps, 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds a few. Queria. Cal. 5-leaved, or 5-parted. Cor. 0. Caps, 1-celled. Seed 1. CliASS IV. ORDER U . 35 Proserpinaca. Calyx 3-parted, superior, permanent: cor. 0: nut bo- ny, 3-sided, 3-celled, crowned by the calyx. (Mermaid weed.) CLASS IV. TETRANDRIA. 4 Stamens. This class is composed chiefly of ornamental or curious plants, most- ly shrubs. Among the few plants used in the arts which it contains, maybe mentioned the madder (Rubia,) Fuller's thistle (Dipsacus,) the holly (Ilex.) The class is made up of a miscellaneous assemblage of species, with few characters in common. Order I. Monogynia. 4 Stamens. 1 Style. 1. Flowers incomplete, (no corol?) inferior. Pothos. Spathe 1-leaved. Spadix cylindrical, simple, covered with flowers. Cal. 4-leaved. Stamens next the ovary. Berry 2-seeded. Rivina. Cal. 4-leaved, persistent. Berry 1-seeded, with a lenti-form rough seed. Camphoroed. Sagina. Sepals 4: petals 4: caps. 4-celled, 4-valved, many-seeded. Tillaea. Cal. 3-5-parted: pet. 3-5, equal: caps. 3-5, 2 or many- seeded, opening inwards. Nectary none. CLASS V. PENTANDRIA. 5 Stamens. One of the most extensive of the Linnaean classes, containing about a fifth part of all phaenogamous plants. It includes the whole of the Boragineae or Asperifoliae and Umbellifferae; nearly all Primu- laceae. Unbellifferous plants contain numerous species; some of which, like the Cicuta virosa, Conium maculatum &c, are dangerous poisons; and others which are useful to mankind, either as luxuries or necessaries. The seeds of caraway, coriander, &c, are commonly used by the con- fectioner; of dill and anise by the distiller; the blanched stems of cele- ry and sweet fennel, and the roots and leaves of many others, are among the best of vegetables. Great difficulty exists in ascertaining upon what principles the genera should be divided. Linnaeus, contrary to his usual practice, attempted to derive their character from the absence or presence of the involucrum: and Sprengel, from peculiarities in the fruit, or, as it is familiarly called, in the seeds. In this work the arrange- ment of Sir James E. Smith has been adopted, as being the most sim- ple of all that has published, and the most easy of application. 38 class v. order i. Order I. Mongynia. 5 Stamens. 1 Style. 1. Flowers monopetalous, inferior, (appear as if superior) seed 1, naked, Mirabilis. Nut below the corrolla, which is funnel-shaped: stigma globose, a little warted. E. 2. Flowers monopetalous, inferior. Seeds 2 or more, naked. Heliotropium. Cal. 5-parted: cor. hypocrateriform, orifice without teeth, limb 5-cleft, sinuses plaited, simple, or toothed: stamens inclu- ded: stigma peltate: nuts 4, cohering without a common receptacle. S. Myosotis. Cal. 5-parted: cor. salver-form, closed with scales: limb 5-parted, obtuse: stamens included: anthers peltate: stigma capitate: nuts 4, distinct, perforated at the base. Rochellia. Calyx 5-parted: coral salver-form, throat closed with converging scales: seeds prickly, compressed, affixed latterly to the style. Lithospermum. Cal. 5-parted, persistent: cor. funnel-shaped, with a half 5-cleft obtuse limb and an open orifice: anthers included: stigma obtuse, bifid: seeds 4, hard, smooth, closed at the base. Batschia. Calyx deeply 5-parted; cor. salver-form with a hairy ring at the base inside, an open orifice, and rounded segments: stigma emar- ginate: seeds hard, shining. Anchusa. Cal. 5-cleft, persistent: cor. funnel-shaped, with a half 5- cleft spreading limb, orifice closed with 5 prominent scales: anthers included: stigma emarginate: seeds gibbous, with a sculptured sur- face. E. Symphytum. Cal. 5-parted, acute: cor. cylindrical, companulate, with a short tube and a tubular inflated limb, orifice with 5-subulate rays conniving into a cone: stigma simple: seeds gibbous, not pierced at base. E. Onosmodium. Cal. deeply 5-parted: cor. oblong, campanulate, with aventricose half 5-cleft, limb, the edges of which are inflated, orifice open: anthers sagittate, included. Cynoglossum. Cal. 5-parted: cor. short, funnel shaped, with a5-part- ed obtuse limb; orifice closed by scales: stamens included: stigma capi- tate: nuts depressed, attached to a central column. Pulmonaria. Cal. prismatic, 5-cornered, 5-toothed: cor. funnel- shaped, with a cylindrical tube, open orifice, and obtuse 5-lobed limb : stigma obtuse: seeds 4, obtuse, rounded. Borago. Cal. 5-parted: cor. rotate, with acute segments; orifice crowned: filaments conniving: seed rounded, closed at the base, rugose, inserted lengthwise into an excavated receptacle. E. Lycopsis. Cor. funnel-shaped, 5-lobed with a covered tube and ob- tuse limb: scales at the orifice: stigma emarginate: nuts hallowed at base. Echium. Cal. 5-parted, subulate: cor. companulate, with unequal obtuse segments, the 2 upper the longest: orifice open, filaments une- qual, declinate: stigma obtuse: seeds roundish j warted, not open at the base. CLASS V. ORDER I. 39 3. Flowers monopetalous, inferior. Seeds in a capsule or dry drupe. Androsace. Caps. 1-celled: Corolla salver-form, contracted at the orifice: stigma globose. Primula. Caps. 1-celled: corolla funnel-shaped, pervious at the ori- fice: stigma globose. Dodecatheon. Caps. 1-celled, oblong; corolla reflexed: stigma.. obtuse. Hottonia. Caps. 1-celled: corolla with the tube below the stamens: stigma globose. Lvsimachia. Caps. 1-celled, 10-valved: corolla rotate: stigma ob- tuse. Anagallis. Caps. 1-celled, cut round: corolla rotate; stigma ca- pitate. Diapensia. Caps. 3-celled: corolla salver-form: cal. 8-leaved. Galax. Caps. 1-celled, 2-valved : corolla salver-form: stigma roundish. S. Menyanthes. Caps. 1-celled: corolla villous, spreading: stigma bifid: cal. 5-parted. Villarsia. Caps, many-seeded, 2-valved: cor. rotate, limb spread- ing, 5-parted, flat, bearded or scaly at the base: glands 5, hypogynous. Sabbattia. Corol with an urceolate tube and limb 5-12-parted: stigmas 2-parted, with spiral divisions: anthers, at length, revolute. Phlox. Caps. 3-celled: corolla salver-form, with a curved tube. Stigma trifid. Pcjlf.monium. Caps. 3-celled: corolla 5-parted. Stamens placed on the valves. Hydrophyllum. Caps. 1-celled, 2-valved: corolla.with 5-nectaries: stigma bifid. Phacelia. Caps. 2-valved, 4-seeded. Cal. persistent. Cor. campa- nulate, 5-cleft, with 5 furrows inside the base. Stam. exserted. style short: stigmas 2, long. Verbascum. Caps. 2-celled: corolla rotate: stigma obtuse: stamens declinate. Datura. Capsule 2-celled, 4-valved: corolla funnel-shaped: calyx deciduous. Lysianthus. Caps. 2-celled, many-seeded: corolla funnel-shaped, ventricose. Style persistent. S. Spigelia. Caps. 2-celled, double: coiolla funnel-shaped: stigma ;• simple. Hyoscyamus. Caps. 2-celled, with a lid: corolla funnel-shaped: stigma capitate. E. Nicotiana. Caps 2-celled: corolla funnel-shaped: stigma emargi- nate. S. Ipomaea. Caps. 3-celled: corolla funnel-shaped: stigma capitate. Convolvubus. Caps. 2-celled, 2-seeded: cor. campanulate: stigma 2-cleft. Nemophila. Ovary 1-celled, with 2-parietal placentas, each bearing 2 distant ovules. Capsule 1-celled, with fleshy placentas fixed to a lon- gitudinal dorsal axis, otherwise loose, bearing the seeds on their inner surface. Cantua. Ipomerx\. Caps. 3-celled, 3-valved: seeds winged: corolla funnel-shaped. Stigma trifid. S. 40 CLASS V. ORDER I. Azalea. Caps. 5-celled: corolla companulate: s'.igma obtuse. Opuiokhiza. Caps. 2-celled, 2-parted: corolla iunnei-shaped, vil- lous at mouth, with acute segments. Stigma bifid. Ipomeria. Calyx somewhat bell-form, membranaceous at the base, 3-cleft corol, funnel-form, .r>-lobed, entire: stamens un; qual,exsert: stig- ma 3-cleft: capsule 3-sided, 3 celled, 3-valved, many-seeded; seeds an- gular, in 2 rows. Collomia. Calyx wine-glass form, large, 5-cleft. acute: corol fun- nel-form, with 5 s'.iort oval-oblong lobes; tube straight, long, slender: capsule 3-ccmered, 3 celled, 3-seeded, and 3 abcordate valves; seed ob- long, angular, with a mucilaginous covering. 4. Flowers monopetalous, inferior. Seeds in a follicle. Vinca.' Cal. 5-cleft: cor. salver-form, plaited at the orifice, with flat segments, truncate at the end: filaments at the end dilated into concave scales: glands 2 at base of ovary. E. Ee hites. Cor. salver-form, with segments of the limbuncqial-sided: ovaries 2: style 1, filiform: follicles sk-nder. Amsonia. Cor. funnel-shaped; closed at the orifice, with a 5-lobed limb: stigma capitate, surrounded by a membranous angle: seeds ob- liquely truncate, naked. 5. Flowers monopetalous, inferior. Seeds in a drupe or berry. Bi Mima. Cal. 5-parted, very small : cor. campanulate. fi-cleft or salver-form, with teeth between the divisions of limb. Nr clary, a 5- leaved crown, adhering to the tube of the corolla : drupe ovate or globose. S. Ellisia. Cal. 8-parted : cor. funnel-shaped: stamen inserted in base of corrolla: stigma simple or bifid: btrry dry, Lag-like, 2-valv- ed, 2-celled, in an enlarged stellate calyx: seeds globose, black, dot- ted. S. Atropa. Cor. companulate: stamens distant: berry globose, 2- celled, sitting on the calyx. E. Physalis. Cor. campanulate, rotate : stamens conniving : berry within the inflated calyx, 2-celled. Solanum. Cal. persistent: cor. rotate or campanulate, 5-lobed, plaited. Anthers in some degree united, opening by a douLle pore at the end. Berry 2-celled, many-seeded. Capsicum. Cor. rotate: berry without juic. E. Androcera. Calyx inflated, 5-cleft. caducous: corol sub-ringent, wheel-form. 5-cleft: stamens unconnected, unequal, declined, cne larger and horn-form; anther with 2 terminal pores: style simple, declined; stigma not distinct: berry dry; seed without margin, rugose. 6. Flowers monopetalous, superior. Seeds in a capsule. Campanula. Cor. campanulate, closed at bottom with s'aminiferous valves: stigma 3-5-cleft: caps, inferior, opening by lateral pores. Lobelia. Cor. with the tube split on one side, the limb 2-lipped, 5-parted: stigma 2-lobed, sometimes entire: caps. 2-3-celled. 2-valved, at the end. Sanolus. Cor. salver-form, 5-cleft, with scales between the divis^ CLASS V. ORDER I. a\ io-ffsr stamens inserted into the tube:, caps. 1-celled, 5-toothed "many- seeded. '* J 7. Flowers monopetalous, superior. Seeds in a drupe or berry. Lonicera. Cal. 5-toothed: cor. tubular, 5-cleft, irregular: berry in- ferior, 2-3-4-celled, many-seeded. Symphoria. Cal. 4-toothed : cor. trifid, nearly equal: berry crown- ed, 4-celled, 4-seeded; 2 cells, sometimes abortive. Xylo-steum. Cal. 5-toothed, with 2 connate bracts: corol tubular; border 5-parted, nearly equal: berries in pairs, united at their bases, or combined in one: 2-celled. Diervilla. Cal. oblong 5-cleft: cor. twice as long, funnel-shaped, 5-cleft, spreading: caps, oblong, 4-celled, many-seeded. Triosteum. Cal. 5-cleft: cor. scarcely longer, tubular, 5-lobed: ber- ry 3-celled, 3-seeded, inferior. Chiococca. Cor. funnel-shaped, equal: berry compressed, double, 2-seeded: seeds oblong, compressed. S. Pinckneya. Seapals unequal, one or two of them foliaceous : cor. a long tube: filiaments in the base of the tube : caps. 2-valved; valves bearing the divisions in the middle. S. Psychotria. Tube of the calyx ovate, crowned: limb short, 5-lobed, 5-toothed or sub-entire: corol fnnnel-form, short, 5-cleft: throat beard- ed: stigma 2-eleft: berry drupe-like. S. 8. Flowers polypetalous, inferior. Seeds in a drupe, berry, or berried capsule. Vitis. Petals cohering at the end like a calyptre, withering: berry 5-seeded. Ampelompsis. Cissus. Cal. entire: petals cohering at the end, with- ering: stigma capitate: ovary immersed in the disk, 2-4-seeded. Rhamnus. Cal. campanulate, 4-5-cleft : cor. scales protecting the stamens, inserted into the calyx. Stigmas 1-2-5-cleft. Berry 3-4- seeded. Zizyphus. Cal. spreading 5-cleft: petals 5: discus fleshly, obicu- lar, surrounding the ovary ; styles 2: drupe with a 1 or 2-seeded nut. Flowers axillary. S. Celastrus. Cor. 5-petalled, spreading: caps. 3, angular, 3-celled; seeds with an aril. Euonymus. Pet. 5: caps. 5-cornered, 3-celled, 3-valved, colored. Seeds with an aril. Ceanothus. Pet. 5, bagged, vaulted. Berry dry, 3-celled, 3-seeded. - 9. Flowers Polypetalous, inferior. Seeds in a capsule. Itea. Cal. 5-cleft, campanulate : pet. 5, linear, reflexed, inserted into the calyx: stigma capitate, 2-lobed: caps. 2-celled, 2-valved, with the valves bent inwards. Cyrilla. Cal. very small, turbinate, 5-parted, superior. Pet. 5, stellate, stiffish: styles 2-fid: berry dry, 2-celled: seeds solitary, at- tached by a little cord. S. Claytonia. Cal. 2-valved: pet. 5: stigma 3-fid : caps. 3-valved, 1- celled, 3-seeded. Impatiens. Cal. 2-leaved. Pet. 5, irregular, with one cuculate. An- thers at first subconnate: caps, superior 5-valved. 4* 42 CLASS v. order k. . Viola. Sepals 5; petals 5; irregular, connate behin:': anthers ad» hering at the end by a membrane, or distinct: caps.' '■', valvd, 1-seeded. Ionidium. S pals •">, produced at their base: cor. ^-hp;;ed, without a spur. Anthers usually distinct: stigma simple: caps. 1-celled, 3- valved. 10. Fhwcrs polapetcilons. Superior. Hedera. Petals 5, oblong. Berry 5-seeded, surrounded by the calyx. K. Ribes. Petals 5, with stamens, inserted into the calyx: style 2-fid. Berry many-seeded, inierior. 11. Flowers incomplete. Lfuior. Achyranthes. Sepals 5: scales 5: connate at the base irrto a tube, at the end fringed and alternate with the staim us : stigma 2-fid : seed solitary, crowned by the conniving sepals. Philom.kus. Sepals 5, inegular: stamens 5, united at the base into . a little cup. shorter than the ovary. Anthers J-celled; style 1: utricle 1-seeded, without valves. Gomi'hrkna. Sepals 5, colored; outer 3, conniving, keeled: pet. 5, rude villous. Nect. cylindrical, 5-toothed: caps, cut round, 1-seeded: style half-bifid. E. Glaux. Cal. 1-leaved, colored, 5-loled: cor. 0: caps. 1-celled, 5- valved, 5-seeded, surrounded by a calyx. 12. Flowers incomplete, superior. Thesium. Comandra. Cal. 1-leaved, into which the stamens are in* •erted: nect. inferior, 1-seeded, surrounded by the persistent calyx. Order II. Dyginia. 5 Stamens. 2 Styles. (Asclepiadeae.) 1. Flowers monopetalous, inferior. Fruit, a follicle or capsule. Apocynum. Cor. campanulate: filiaments 5, alternate with the sta- mens: style 0: stigma broad: follicles long, linear. Periploca. Anthers bearded at back: pollen-masses solitary, made up of 4 confluent ones : stigma blunt: follicles cylindrical, divarica- ting, smooth: seed comose. Cynanchum. Cor. rotate, 5-parted: pollen-masses inflated : stigma with a little point. Follicles smooth. Asclepias. Corona 5-leaved, with a process on the inside : pollen- masses fixed by a fine end. Stigma depressed, blunt. Gonolouus. Cor. rotate, 5-parted: corona shield-shaped. Anthen opening across, terminated by a membrane: stigma flat, depressed. 2. Flowers monopetalous, inferior. Fruit a capsule, Swertia. Caps, of 1-cell: cor. wheel-shaped, with 2 nectariferous pores at the base of each segment. Gentiana. Caps, of 1-cell: cor.^tubular at the base, destitute of nec- tariferous pores. Hydrolea. Caps. 2-celled, 2-valved:- cor, rotate, campanulate: sta- mens inserted in the tube. Sr CLASS V. ORDER II. 43 Dichondra. Cal. 5-parted, with spatulate segments: cor. short, cam- panulate, 5-parted. Stigma peltate, capitate: caps, compressed; 2- celled, 2-seeded: seeds round. S. Gelseminum. Cal. 5-leaved, very small: corol funnel-form, border spreading, 5-lobed, nearly equal: capsule compressed, flat; 2-portible, 2-celled: seeds flat, attached to the margin of the valves. 3. Flowers pentapetalous, inferior. Heuchera. Petals 5: caps. 2-celled, with 2 bracts. Panax. Polygamous: umbelled: involucre many-leaved: calyx 5- toothed in the perfect flower, superioi: berry heart-form, 2 or 3-sejededj' calyx in the staminate flower, entire. Salsola. Caps, closed, imbricated in the fleshy calyx: seed with a spiral embryo. Atriplex. Polygamous: calyx 5-leaved, 5-parted, inferior: style 2- parted: seed 1, vertical; fruit depressed. Pistilate, flowers are inter- mixed, in which the calyx is 2-leaved or 2-parted. Chenopodiu-si. Seed lenticular, truncated, superior. Beta. Seed kidney-shaped, imbedded in the fleshy calyx. Ulmus. Caps, closed, membranous, compressed, bordered, superior. Planf.xa. Cal. membranous, subcampanulate, 4 o • 5-cleft: cor. Ot stigmas 2, oblong, glandular, spreading: caps, globose, membranous, 1- celled, not opening, either smooth or scaly, not winged, 1-seeded: sta- mens 4-6: polygamous. S. Celtis. Polygamous: perfect flowers have the calyx 5-parted: styles thickish, spreading: drupe 1-seeded: staminate flowers beneath the per- fect ones, with 6-parted calyxes: stamens often 6. Kochia. Cat. inferior, bell-form, 5-cleft, forming a permanent band arouud the fruit somewhat resembling 5-petals: corol none: style* short: stigmas 2 or 3, long, simple: seed incurved. S. 4. Flowers pentapet'dous superior. Seeds 2. (Umbelliferae.) a. Fruit of a single or double globe. Coriandrum. Fruit a single or double globe, smooth without ribs* cal. broad, unequal: petals radiant: floral recept. none. E. b. Fruit beaked. Uraspermum. Myrrhis? Scandix. Seeds sub-linear, solid, acute- angled, not stirate; ribs 5, acute, hispid: style subulate, permanent:- fruit stiped, oblanceolate. (Sweet cicely.) Chaerophyllum. Beak shorter than the seeds, angular: fr. smooth, without ribs: cal. none: pet. inversely heart-shaped, rather unequal: fl. recept. wavy. c. Fruit' solid, prickly, without a beak. Eryngium. Fr. ovate, clothed with straight bristles: cal* pointed: pet. oblong, equal, inflexed, undivided: fl. aggregate: common recept. Bcaly. Sanicula. Fr. ovate, clothed with hooked bristles: cal. acute: pet. lanceolate, inflexed, nearly equal: fl. separated, dissimilar. Daucus. Fr. elliptic, oblong, compressed transversely. Seeds with- CLASS V. ORDER II. four rows of flat prickles, and rough intermediate ribs: cal. obsoletet pet. inversely heart-shaped, unequal: fl. separated. d. Fruit, solid, nearly round, unarmed, icitliout wings. QSnanthe. Fr. ribbed, somewhat spongy: cal. large, lanceolate, acute spreading, unequal; pet. inversely heart shaped, very unequal; fl. recept. dilated, depressed: fl. separated. Seseli. Common involucre 0, partial 5-leaved, sometimes 1-leaved: Fruit ovate, solid, with 5-acute ribs and furrowed, striated intervals. Thapsia. Fruit narrow, but little compressed, scarcely ribbed, with 2 dorsal and margined wings. e. Fruit solid, unarmed, without wings, compressed laterally, the diameter of its juncture being at least twice as narrow as the opposite diameter. Sium. Fr. ovate or orbicular, ribbed, furrowed: cal. small, acute, un- equal, or obsolete: pet. inversely heart-shaped or obovate, equal: styles cylindrical, shorter than the petals. Fl. receptacle none. Fl. uniform,. united. Sison. Fr. ovate or nearly orbicular, ribbed: cal. obsolete or blunt: pet. elliptical or inversely heart-shaped, with an involute point, equal. Styles very short and thick. Fl. recept. none. Fl. uniform, united. Cicuta. Fr. nearly orbicular, heart-shaped at the base, with 6 double ribs: cal. broad, acute, rather unequal: pet. ovate or slightly heart- shaped, nearly equal: style scarcely tumid at the base: fl. recept. de- pressed, withering: fl. uniform, nearly regular, united. Conium. Fr. ovate, with 10 acute ribs, wavy in an unripe state: cal. obsolete: pet. inversely heart-shaped, slightly unequal: styles a little tumid at the base: fl. recept. dilated, depressed, wavy, permanent: fl. slightly irregular, united. Zizi.v. Fr. broader than long: margin of the calyx obsolete, or with 5 short teeth: petals oval, tapering to a long point: seed flattish, terete- convex. (From Smyrnium.) Apium. Fr. roundish-ovate, with 6acute dorsal ribs: interstices flat: pet. roundish, with an inflexed point, very nearly equal: styles greatly swelled at the base: fl. recept. thin, orbicular, wavy: fl. nearly regular, united. E. Anethum. Invol. none: pet. involute, yellow: seeds compressed, with 3-ribs; intervals once-banded. E. Carum. Fr. eiiptic, oblong, with equidistant ribs; interstices convex: cal. minute, acute, often obsolete; pet. inversely heart-shaped, unequal; styles tumid at the base, subsequently elongated, widely spreading; fl. recept. angular, thin, wavy, permanent; fl. separated, irregular. E. Cnidium. Fr. ovate, acute, with equidistant sharp ribs; interstices deep, concave; juncture contracted: cal. none: pet. equal, obovate or inversely heart-shaped: styles hemispherical at the base; subsequently elongated, spreading, cylindrical: fl. recept. annular, thin, undulated, erect, afterwards depressed: flower imperfectly separated, nearly re- gular. Peucedanum. Calyx minute, 5-toothed: petals oblong, incurved equal: fruit oval, compiessed, surrounded with a winged margin hav- ing 5 striae on each seed, and elevated intervals; joining sides flat. S. Bupleurum. Fr. ovate, oblong, obtuse, with prominent, acute abrupt CLASS *. ORDER III—IV. 45 libs; interstices flat: juncture contracted; ca1. none: pet. equal, broad- ish, weeg -siuiped, very short, involute: styles very shori, not extend- ing beyoi.d the cireui f rence of their broad tumid bases: fl. recept, none: ti. ; 11 pe-ritctai d regular. E. Hydro, otyle Fl. nearly orbicular, rather broader than long, angu- lar, much compressed, juncture very narrow: cal. none: pet. equal, ovate, spreading, undivided: styles cylindrical, shorter than the sta- mens, tumid at the base: fl. recept. none: fl. all perfect and regular. f. Fruit solid, unarmed, compressed transversely, the diameter of the juncture being much greater than the opposite diameter. JEthusa. Seeds ovate, convex: with 5 tumid, rounded, acutely- keeled ribs; interestices deep, acute, angular: bordernone: cab pointed, very minute: pet. inversely heart-shaped, rather angular: fl. recept. none: fl. all perfect, slightly tadiant. S. Angelica. Seeds eliptic-oblong, convex, with 3 dorsal wings and a narrow, flat, even border: cal. none; pet. lanceolate, flattish, undivided, contracted at each end equal: fl. recept. thin, wavy, narrow, perma- nent: fl. all perfect. Ligusticum. Seeds oblong, convex, with 3 dorsal and 2 marginal equal wings: cal. small, pointed, erect, broad at the base: pet. elliptical, flattish. undivided, contracted at each end, equal: fl. recept. none: fl. all perfect, regular. Ferula. Fruit compressed, flat, thickened at the edge, with 3 obtuse dorsal ribs, and banded intervals and juncture: flowers polygamous: in- volucres various. g. Fruit thin and almost flat, compressed transeversely, icithout dorsal wings. Pastinaca. Seeds elliptic, obovate with a slight notch at the summit, very nearly flat, with 3 dorsal ribs and 2 marginal ones: border narrow, flat, thin, even, smooth, and entire: cal. very minute, obsolete: pet. broadly lanceolate, involute, equal: fl. recept. broad, orbicular, wavy, rather thin, concealing the calyx: fl. regular, uniform, perfect. Heraci.eum. Seeds inversely heart-shaped with a notch at the sum- mit, very nearly flat, with 3 slender dorsal ribs, 2 distinct marginal ones, and'4 intermediate colored, depressed, abrupt lines fiom the top; bor- der narrow, slightly tmid, smooth, even and entire: cal. of 5 small acute, evanescent teeth: pet. inversely heart-shaped, radiant: fl. recept, wavy, crenate, obtuse: fl. separated. Order III. Trigynia. 5 Stamens. 3 Styles. 1. Flowers superior. Viburnum. Cor. 5-cleft: berry 1-seeded. Sambucus. Cor. 5-cleft: berry wilh 3 seeds. 2. Flowers inferior. Rhus. Cal. 5-parted; petals 5: berry 1-seeded. 46 CLASS VI. ORDER I. Staphylea. Petals 5: caps. 2 or 3, inflated. Turnera. Cal. 5-cleft, infandibuli-foim; the outer 2-lcaved: petals 5, inserted in the calyx: stigmas many-cleft: caps. 1-celled, 3-valved. g Sarothra. Cal. 5-parted: petals linear: capsules 1-celled, 3-valved, colored. . Lepuropetalon. Cal. 5-parted: petals 5, resembling scales, inserted into the calyx: capsule free near the summit, 1-celled, 1-valved. S. Order IV. Tetragynia. 5 Stamens. 4 Styles. Parnassia. Nectaries fringed with bristles bearing globes: caps, of 4 valves. Evolvulus. Cal. 5-leaved: cor. rotate, companulate, with emargi- nate lobes: styles',', deeply bifid: stigma simple: caps. 2-celled, 4-valved, 4-seeded, seeds 2. S. Order V. Pentagynia. 5 Stamens. 5 Styles. 1. Flowers superior. Aralia. Involucre very small; umbels globose: cal. very small, 5- toothed: petals 5, ovate, oblong, spreading, or reflexed: stigmas nearly round, 5-10: berry roundish, crowned, 5-seeded; seeds hard, oblong. 2. Flowers inferior. Linum. Pet. 5: capsule of 10 cells. DROCERi. Pet. 5: caps, of 3-valves, with many seeds. Statice. Cal. 2-leaved, entire, plaited, scorious: petals 5: seeds 1, superior: flowers scattered in a panicled or spiked scape. Order XIII. Polygynia. 5 S imcns. Many Styles. Myosurus. Pet. 5, tubular, honey-bearing claws: seeds naked: cal spurred at the base. Xanthorhiza. Cal. 0: petals 5: nectaries 5, stalked: caps. 5, 1- eeeded. Sibbaldia. Cal. 10-eleft: petals 5, inserted in the calyx; styles from the side of the ovary: seeds 5. CLASS VI. HEXANDRIA. 6 Stamens. This class contains the most beautiful of the herbaceous plants of our gardens. With few exceptions, it is to a considerable degree a natural assemblage, comprehending a large proportion of those favorites of gardeners, the orders, Amaryllideae, Aspliodeleae, BromeliaceEe, Lilia- ceae, and Melanthaceae. The class also includes a few grass'-s and palmsi to the same class are referred the lilly of the valley, the Solomons seal; CLASS IV. ORDER 1. 47 and many other curious little plants. Hither also are referred the valu- able rice, the curious bamboo, and the rush, some of the species of which are well known for their use in economical purposes, others as the most worthless weeds of our heaths. Order I. Monogynia. 6 Stamens. 1 Style. Mono cotyledo nous. Narcissus. Sepals* 6, equal: cups funnel-shaped, of a single leaf: stamens inserted within the cup. E.' Pancratium. Flower funnel-shaped, with a long tube; sepals 6: cup 12-cleft, membranous: stamens inserted on the edge of the cup. E. Brodiaea. Corol inferior, bell-form. C-parted; filaments inserted in the throat of the corol: germ pedicelled: capsule 3-celled, many-seeded. S. Crinum. Ccrol superior, funnel-form, half 6-cleft; tube filiform; border spreading, recurved; segments subulate, channelled; filaments inserted on t:ie throat of the corol, separate. Agave. Flower erect, tubular or funnel-shaped: Filaments longer than flower, erect: capsule triangular, many-seeded. Phalangium. Corol inferior, 6-petaled, spreading; filaments smooth: capsule ovate: seeds angular. Pontederia. Flowers monosepalous, 6-cleft, 2-lipped: stamens in serted into the tube of the flower at the top: caps. 3-celled. Galanthus. Sepals 3, concave: cup formed of 3 small emarginato sepals: stigma simple. E. Amaryelis. Flower nodding, irregular, funnel-shaped, ringent: fila- ments declinate, unequal in proportion or direction: seeds flat nu- merous. Polyanthes. Flower funnel-shaped, incurved: filaments inserted in- to the throat: ovary at the bottom of the tube. E. Hypoxis. Spathe 2-valved: flower 6-parted, superior: caps. long, narrow at the base: seeds roundish, naked. a. Perianth not colored, regular. Stems herbaceous. Acorus. Spadix cylindrical, covered with florets: sepals 6, naked; styles 0: caps. 3-celled. Orontium. Spadix cylindrical, covered with florets: sepals 6, na- ked; style 0: follicles 1-seeded. Juncus. Sepals 6, persistent; stigmas 3; caps. 1-celled, 3-valredt seeds very numerous. Luzula. Sepals 6: stigmas 3: caps. 1-celled, 3-valved, 3-seeded: seeds fixed to a central receptacle. b. Flower partly or wholly colored, regular. Tradescantia. Cal. 3-leaved: petals 3: filaments with jointed haira: caps. 3-celled. * The colored blossom is here treated as a calyx by Lindley. 48 CLASS VI. ORDER II—III. Hemerocallis. Flower campanulate. with a cylindrical tube: sta- mens declinate: st'gma small, simple, villous. E. Lillum. Sepals U, campanulate, with a longitudinal honey-line, and generally reflexed: valves of the capsule connected by a mesh of hairs. Tulipa. Sepals 6, campanulate: style 0. E. Fritillaria. Sepals 6, campanulate, with a honey-pore above the claw. S. ... Aletris. Flower funnel-shaped, wrinkled: stamens inserted into base of segments: capsule 3-celled, with many-seeds. Conostylis. Corol more than half inferior, 6-cleft, permanent, with branching hairs: anthers erect: style conic, 3-parted: stigma simple: capsule opening at top, 3-celled, 3-valved, many.seeded. Yucca. Flower campanulate, spreading: styles 0: caps. 3-6-celled, with a hole at the end. S. Erythronium. Sepals 6, companulate: two little tubercles attached to the base of every other sepal. Uvularia. Sepals 6, erect: a hollow at the base of the sepals: fila- ments very short: flowers solitary, axilary: capsule compressed, 3- cornered: seeds with an aril. Sts.eptopus. Sepals 6, campanulate: stigmas very short: berry globose, polished, papery: seeds naked. Convallaria. Flowers 6-cleft, campanulate: berry spotted, 3-celled. Allium. Flower 6-parted, spreading: spathe many-flowered: umbe clustered. Ornithogalum. Sepals 6, erect, persistent, spreading above the middle: filaments dilated at base, or subulate: caps, roundish, angular, 3-celled, seed roundish, naked: flowers white or green. Scilla. Sepals 6, spreading, deciduous: filaments filiform, attached to base of sepals: flowers blue or pink. S. Asphodei.us. Flower 6-parted, spreading: six valves covering the ovary. E. Narthecium. Sepals 6, spreading, persistent: filaments filiform, hairy: caps, prismatical: seeds with an appendage at each end. Asparagus. Flower 6-parted, erect; the 3 lower sepals reflexed at end: berry 3-celled, many-seeded. E. Hyacinthus. Flower erect, 6-cleft, with equal segments, stamens inserted in the middle of the flower: cells of capsule 2-seeded. E. 2. Dicotyledonous. Caulophyllum. Leontice. Calyx inferior, 3-6-leaved, caducous; nectaries 6-subreniform, fleshy, glutinous at the margin, aitachedto the claws of the petals: seed naked, elevated on a stipe after having burst its caducous pericarp. The seed was formerly taken for a drupe until Brown detected the error. Diphylleia. Cal. 3-leaved, deciduous: petals 6, opposite the calyx: anthers opening with a membrane dividing from the base to the tip: berry I-celled: seeds 2-3, roundish. S. Prinos. Cal. 6-cleft: cor. monopetalous, rotate: berry 6-seeded. Berberis. Cal. 5-leaved; petals 6, with glands upon their claws: styles 0: stigma umbilicate: berry 1-celled, 2-4-seed^d. Floerkea. Cal. 3-leaved, inferior: corol 3-petaled, shorter: style 2- cleft: capsule bladder-like, 2 or 3 grained. CLASS VI. ORDER II--III. 49 Tillandsia. Cal. 3-cleft, sub-convolute, permanent: corol 3-cleft, bell-tubular: capsule 1 to 3-celled: seeds comose. S. Order II. Digynia. 6 Stamens. 2 Styles. Oryza. Glumes 2, 1-flowered: paleae 2, nearly equal, adhering to the seed. E. Nectris. Cabomba. Calyx inferior, 6-Ieaved: corol none: capsules 3, not opening: the calyx may be considered as 6-parted, and the Sin- ner divisions as petal-like, obtuse, and smaller: the capsule is bladder- like, 1 or 2-seeded. S. Oxyria. Perianth simple, 4-leaved, 2 inner leafets largest: corol none: nut 3-sided, with abroad membranaceous margin: stamens 2 to6: stigma large, plumose. S. Order III. Trigynia. 6 Stamens. 3 Styles. 1. Monocotyledonous. Scheuchzeria. Sepals 6: antheis linear: stigmas sessile, lateral: capsules inflated, distinct, 2-seeded. Triglochin. Sepals 6, the 3 outer in a different row from the inner: styles 0: capsule opening by the base. Zigadenus. Calyx 6-leaved, spreading, with 2 glands above the nar- row base of each leaf: stamens inserted in contact with the germ: cap- sule membranaceous, 3-celled, many-seeded. (Calyx is colored and corol-like.) Tofieldia. Bracts 3: sepals 6: capsules 3, superior, united at the base, many-seeded. Melanyhium. Polygamous. Flower rotate, 6-parted, with 2 glands at the base of each segment: filaments from the elongated claws of the flower: capsule 3-fid, 3-celled: seeds membranous. Gyromia. Mediola. Flower 6-parted, revolute: berry 3-celled: Xerophyllum. Flower 6-parted: stigmas 3, oblong, sessile: caps. 3- celled, with 2-seeded cells. Trillium. Cal. spreading, 3-leaved: petals 3: berry 3-celled. Helonias. Sepals 6: styles 3, distinct: capsule 3-celled, 3-horned, , few-seeded. Nolinea. Flower 6-parted. spreading: style very short: capsule 3- cornered. membranous, 3-celled, opening by bipartible dissepiments: seeds solitary, convex on one side. S. Veratrum. Polygamous or dioecious. Calyx U: corol o-parteT valves sub-semicylindric: stigma flattish: partitions split in the middle- seeds under six: calix equal at the base, divisions erect, a. Spreptanthus. Cal. erect, colored: petals dilated, having twist- ed channeled claws: glands none: stamens with fialments subulate and thickened at the base: silique very long, angled, compressed: seeds in one series, flat, margined: cotyledons accumbent. S. q. Alyssum. Silicle orbicular or elliptical, with valves flat or convex in centre: seeds 2-4 m each cell: calyx equal at base: petals entire: some the stamens toothed. I. Draba. Silicle sessile, oval or oblong, with flat or convex valves: seeds many, not edged; calyx equal; petals entire: all the stamens with- out teeth. I. Cochlearia. Silicle sessile, ovate, globose or oblong, with ventricose valves: seeds many, not edged: petals entire: stamens without teeth. I. Thysanocarpus. Sillicle obovate, plano-convex; broad-winged at both margins; emarginate at the apex; 1-celled, 1-seeded; seed broad, obovate, pendulous. I. Thlaspi. Silicle emarginate at end, with navicular valves, winged at back: cells 2, many-seeded. /. Iberis. Two outer petals largest: silicle compressed, truncate, emarginate, 1-seeded. E. I. Caklle. Silicle 2 jointed, compressed; the upper joint ensiform: seeds solitary in the cells; upper erect; lower pendulous. I. Order II. Notorhiza.* Seed with the radicle not on its side: it is generally on its back: the cotyle- dons are generally incumbent, and not compressed nor margined. Hesperis. Silique roundish, or about 4 cornered: stigmas 2, erect, conniving: calyx bisaccate at base. q. Sysymbrium. Sillique roundish, sessile upon the torus: stigmas 2, somewhat distinct or connate in a head: calyx equal at the base. q. Stanleya. Cal. very large, 4-sided, cruciform, diverging, colored: pe- tals erect; claws longer than the lamina: stamens nearly equal; glands 4, 2 outside and 2 inside of the corol: silique stiped, 2-celled, 2-valved: seeds oblong, flattish. q. Erysimum. Silique 4-cornered: calyx closed, q. Camelina. Silicle obovate or sub-globose, with ventricose valves and many-seeded cells; style filiform. I. Lepidium. Silicle ovate, or sub-cordate, with carinate or rarely ven- tricose valves, opening with 1-seeded cells. I. Isatis. Silicle elliptical, flat, 1-celled, 1-seeded, with carinate navi- cular valves, which are scarcely dehisent. E. I. Coronopus. Silicle reniform, compressed, wrinkled; cells valveless 1-seeded. S. I. Myagrum. Silicle sub-erose, valveless; cells fertile and empty, al ternately superimposed on each other: styles permanent. S. I. Selenia. Cal. equal at the base, colored, spreading: silicle large many-seeded, oval, flat-compressed, margined, sub-sessile: valves par allel, smaller than the partition: glands 10, in pairs. S. I. * Gr. notos (back) riza (root.) 68 CLASS XV. ORDER V. Brassica. Silique roundish, style small, short, obtuse: seeds in one row: calyx closed. E. q. Sisapis. Silique roundish, with nerved valves: style small, short, acute seeds in one row: calyx spreading, q. Raphanus. Silique transversely, many-celled, or dividing into seve- ral joints, q. Bumas. Silicle nucamentaceous, indehiscent, 2-4-celled; cotyledons twisted spirally. /. Su.icjl.yria. Silicle oval; dissepiment elliptical; valvesconvex; cells many-seeded: stigma sessile. I. CLASS XV. MONADELPHIA. This class is distinctly characterized by the filaments being united to- gether in a columnar form throughout the whole or a part of their length; and for the most part consists of plants belonging to the natural orders of Malvaceae and Geraniaceae. Among them are some plants both of interest and ornament; especially the Hibiscus, the Gossypium, (so important in producing the material of cotton,) the Geranium, Passion-flower, and the common Tamarind. Order III. Triandria. Stamens 3. Tamarindus. Petals 3. ascending: 3 filaments longer than the others, and fertile: legumen 1-3-celled. pulpy inside. Sisyrinchium. Spathe 2-leaved: perianth 0: corol superior, 6-cleft or 6-petalled, tubular: style 1; stigma 3-cleft: capsule 3-celled. Order V. Pentandria. Stamens 5. Passiflora. Cal. 5-parted, "colored: petals 5 orO, inserted in the ca- lyx: crown of many filiform rays: fruit stalked, fleshy. Erodium. Cal. 5-leaved: petals 5: scales 5: alternate with filaments and honey-glands at the base of the stamens: cocci 5, 1-seeded, awned at the base, of a rostrate receptacle. E. Philoxerus. Cal. 5-parted: corol none: stamens united at the base into a small entire cup, shorter than the germ: anthers 1-celled: stig- mas 2: bladder-like capsule membranaceous, 1-seeded. valveless. S. Achvranthes. Cal. double, membranaceous, permanent, outer 3- leaved, inner 5-leaved, unequal: stamens standing on the needary, with segmeuts between them: seed one, covered by the converging calyx. S. Oplotheca. Calyx double, outer 2-leaved, scarious, convolute, trun- cate shorter than the inner—inner 1-leafed, muricite, somewhat 5- cleft, with a dense down: corol none: nectary cylindric, 5-toothed bearing the stamens: stigma simple, capitate, hairy: bladder-like, cap- sule 1-seeded, inclosed in the calyx. S. Mvlachodendron. Cal. with one bract: petals 5 or 6, with crenulate limbs: germ 5-furrowed: styles 5, free at the base: stigmas capitate: capsules 5, united, 1-seeded. S.. CLASS XV. ORDER XIII. 66 Order VII. Heptandria. Stamens 7. Pelargonium. Cal. 5-parfed, the upper segment ending in a necta rifferous tube running down the peduncle: Cor. 5-petuled, irregular. E. Order VIII. Octandria. Stamens 8. Pistia. Spathe tubular-hooded, strap-like: corol none; filament lateral; anthers 3 to 8: style 1: capsule 1-celled, many-seeded. S. Order V. Decandria. Stamens 10. Geranium. Cal. 5-leaved: petals 5, regular: glands 5, honey-bear- ing, united to the base of the longer filaments: cocci 5, 1-seeded, awned at the base, of a beaked receptacle. Acacia. Mimosa Polygamous: calyx tubular, 5-toothed: petals 5: stamens 5 to 10, exsert: pod 1-celled. 2-valved. S. Darlingtonia. Calyx bell-form. 5 to 7-toothed: petals 5: stamens 5 to 10, somewhat exsert; anthers oblong: germ sessile, acuminate: pod falcate, many-seeded, S. Schrankia. Mimos\. Polygamous: calyx tubular, 5-toothed: pe- tals 5: stamens 8 to 10, exsert: pod 4-valved. S. Order XIII. Poi.yandria. Stamens indefinite in number. Malope. Cal. double, outer 3-leaved: capsules heaped without or- der; 1-seeded. S. Malva. Cal. double, outer 3-leaved: capsules many, 1-seeded. Althea. Cal. double, outer 6-9-fid: capsules many, 1-seeded. Lavatera. Cal. double, outer 3-fid: capsules many, 1-seeded. E. Hibiscus. Cal. double, outer many-leaved: stigmas 5: capsule 5- celled, many-seeded. Gossypium. Cal. double, outer 3-fid: caps. 5 celled: seeds enwrap- ped in wool. E. Sida. Cal. simple, angular: style many-parted: capsules several, 1 or three-seeded. Gordoma. Cal. simple: style 5-cornered, with a 5-fid stigma: caps. 5-celled: seeds twin, with a leafy wing. S. Stuartiy. Cal. simple, rotate: petals 5, styles 5: united or distinct: caps. 5-celled, 5-valved; seeds solitary or twin. S. Hopea. Cal. 5-cleft, superior: petals 5: stamens numerous, united in 5 groups: style 1: drupe 3-celled, with 2 of them empty. S. Nuttallia. Cai.lirhoe. Cal. simple, 5-cleft: capsules numerous, 1-seeded, united in a ring. S. Styrax. Cal. bell-form, generally 5-toothed, inferior: corol 5 to 7- parted, on the calyx: drupe coriacious, with 1 or 2 l-seeded nuts: sta- mens 6 to 16, on the throat of the corol, united at the base: anthers ob- long, linear. S. 70 CLASS XVI. ORDER VIII. Halesia. Cal. 4-toothed, superior: corol 4-cleft: nut covered with bark, 4-sided, 2 or all the angles winged: 2 to 4-seeded. S. CLASS XVI. DIADELPHIA. Stamens united in two separate parcels. This class essentially requires, as its name implies, that the stamens should be united in two separate parcels. These may either be equal, each bearing more anthers than one, as in Fumaria, and Corydahs: or unequal, one parcel being reduced to a single stamen, and the other bear- ing several anthers, as in the greater number of genera included in the class. But besides the plants whose stamens are thus disposed, it has been the practice to admit other genera having papilionaceous flowers, but with their stamens united in one parcel only; such as Lupinus. The propriety of this measure is extremely questionable. It has been before remarked in this work, that the value of an artificial arrangement of objects depends wholly upon the precision with which they are referred to those heads or divisions with the characters of which they agree. The structure of the corolla of plants of this class is, for the most part, with the exception of Corydahs, and what has been popularly termed papilionaceous; that is to say, it consists of five petals of different forms and direction, of which the upper, called the vexillum or standard, is larger than the rest, upon which it is incumbent; the two lateral called the alae or wings, are oblong, distinct, and parallel with the ovarium; and the tv/o lower, called the carina or keel, are enclosed within the alae, are also parallel with the ovaiinm, and cohere by their lower edges, so as together to form, as it were, one boat-shaped petal. To this com- mon form of corolla there are, however, some exceptions, as in Amorpha, where the alae and carina are absent, and in Erythrina, where the alae are in some cases almost obliterated. In Trifolium the petals all cohere by their claws into an undivided tube. With regard to the importance of diadelphous plants as applicable to the purposes of mankind, they may be said to hold the very highest rank. All the numerous varieties of pulse, whether eaten by men or cattle, peas, beans, haricots, caravances, lentils, and others, are all produced by Diadelphous plants. The best of our artificial grasses, such as clo- ver, nonesuch, cow-grass, lucerne, saintfoin, serradilla, &c. belong to vaiious Diadelphous genera. A large proportion of the class also con- sists of useful and ornamental trees and herbs, which will be noticed in their respective places. Order VI. Hexandria. Stamens 6. Corydalis. Pet. 4,1 or 2-spurred at base: pod 2-valved, compressed, many-seeded: filaments membranous, or united. Fumaria. One petal gibbous or spurred at base: cariopsis indehiscent. 1-seeded, not pointed with a style. Order VIII. Octandria. Stamens 8. Polygala. Cal. of 5 leaves, 2 of them wing-shaped and colored: caps, compressed, obcordate. CLASS XVII. ORDER I. rrj Petalostemon. Petals 5, nearly equal;-4 of them alternating with the stamens, and uniting with them in a cleft tube: begume 1-seeded in- cluded in the calyx. Order X. Decandria. Stamens 10. Erythrina. Cal. bilabiate: vexillum very long, lanceolate: legume torulose. S. & Crotalaria. Legume turgid, inflated, stalked: filaments with a dor- sal fissure. Spartium. Stigma longitudinal, villous above: filaments adhering to ovary: cal. lengthened at the base. E. Genista. Cal. 2-lipped: upper one with 2, lower one with 3 teeth: vexillum bent backwards from the rest of the flower. Ulex. Cal. of 2 leaves, with a small scale at the base on each side: legume turgid; scarcely longer than the calyx. S. Arachis. Cal. 2-lipped: cor. resupinate: filament united: legume gib- bous, torulose, veiny, coriaceious. E. Lupinus. Cal. 2-lipped: anthers 5, oblong: 5-round: legume coria- ceous, torulose, compressed. Amorpha. Cal. campanulate, 5-fid: vexillum ovate, concave: alae 0: carina 0: legume 2-seeded, falcated. Phaseolus. Stamens 9 connected and I separate: legume many- seeded, not articulated: stigma not hairy; cotyledons thick, becoming succulent leaves. Six Sub-genera may be made useful to students. 1. Phaseolis. Calyx 2-lipped: keel, stamens, and style twisted: legume compressed. 2. Strophustyles. Same, with legume terete. 3. Am- phicarpa. Calyx 4-toothed: style filiform with capitate stigma. 4. Rhyncosia. Calyx 5-cleft: legume 2-seeded. 5. Wistaria. Calyx sub-2-lipped: keel bicuspidate. 6. Apios. Calyx with 4 obsolete teeth; which with the keel bend back the banner. Dolichos. Vexillum with two calli at base, parallel, oblong, com- pressing the wings beneath. S. Vf.xillaria. Cor. resupinate, with a large spreading vexillum over- shadowing the wings. Orobus. Style linear, cylindrical, downy above: cal. obtuse at the base; its upper segments deeper and shorter. S. Lathyrus. Style plane, downy above, broader upwards: cal. with its two upper segments shortest. Pisum. Style triangular, keeled above, downy: two vpper segments of calyx shorter than the rest. Vicia. Style bearded beneath the stigma. Ervum. Stigma capitate, hairy all over on the outside. Cicer. Cal. 5-parted,' length of cor.; four upper segments incumbent on the vexillum: legume turgid, 2-seeded. E. Robinia. Cal. 4-fid: upper segment 2-parted: legume gibbous, long: leaves unequally pinnate. Colutea. Cal. 5-toothed: vexillum with two callosities, unfurled, larger than the blunt carina: stigma lateral under the hooked end of the style, which is longitudinally bearded behind: legume inflated, scarious. E. 72 CLASS XVII. ORDER I. Glycyrrhiza. Cal. bilabiate, 3-1: legume ovate, compressed. S. Coromlla. Cal. 2-lipped, 2-3: upper teeth coonnate: vexillum scarcely longer than alae; loment round, jointed, straight. E. Sesbania. Cal. 5-toothed: legume long, (round or linear.) 2-valved, many-celled, with transverse partitions. S. iEscHYNOMENE. 'Stamens divided into two equal bundles: legume jointed, straight, exserted: cal. 2.parted, with toothed lips. Stylosanthes. Cal. tubular, very long, bearing the corolla: ovarium below the corolla: loment one or two-jointed, hooked. Lespedez.y. Cal. 5-parted, nearly equal: carina transversly blunt. Zornia. Cal. campanulate, 2-lipped: cor. inferior: vexillum cordate, revolute: anthers alternately oblong and round: legume jointed, hispid. 6- Hedysarum. Cal. 5-fid: carina transversely blunt: loment with 1- seeded compressed joints. Indigofera. Cal. spreading: carina with a spreading subulate spur on each side. S. Galega. Cal. with subulate nearly equal teeth: legume with oblique streaks between the seeds. Phaca.' Cal. 5-toothed, two upper teeth most distant; legume half 2-celled, inflated. S. Oxytropis. Carina ending in a mucro: legume 2-celled or half 2- celled, with the upper suture turned inwards. S. Astragalus. Legume 2-celled, more or less gibbous, with the lower suture turned inwards, carina blunt. Dalea. Alae and carina adhering to the column of stamens. Sta- mens 5-10, united, without a separate filament: legume 1-seeded. S. Psoralea. Cal. the length of pod: stamens diadelphous: legume 1-seeded, subrostrata valveless. S. Melilotus. Cal. tubular, 5-toothed: carina simple, shorter than alas and vexillium: legume longer than calyx, rugose. Lupinaster. Cal. campanulate, 5-toothed, with setaceous teeth; stigma uncinate: legume not knotted, round, many-seeded. S. Trifolium. Legume (in general) shorter than the cal., 1 ormany- seeded, indehisent, desiduous; flowers more or less capitate. Trigonella. Vexillum and alae nearly equal, spreading, in the form of a tripetalous corolla. S. Medicago. Legume falcate or spirally twisted, compressed, mem- branaceous. Hosackia. Cal. bell-form, 5-cleft: the spreading wings of the corol almost equaling the banner; keel beaked: style filiform; stigma capitate: legume cylindric or sub-compressed, straight, smooth. CLASS XVII. SYNGENESIA. 5 Stamens. Anthers united by their edges. This class is one of the most extensive and best defined of all th« Linnean classes. Its essential character depends as its name indicates Gr. sun (Together) and genesis, (Generation) upon the adhesion o'f the anthers of the Flower into a single tube. It compir., tnels the whole of the Corymbiferae, Cichoraceae and Cinarocephaleae of Jus- sieu. In addition to the cohesion of the anthers, upon which this class immediately depends, it is further characterized by the flowers com- CLASS XVII. ORDER 1. 73 monly called florets, being clustered together in heads, and inserted up- on a common receptacle, which is surrounded by the calyx. The re- ceptacle is a cellular fungous surface bearing the florets. It is either co- lumnar, conical, flat, or depressed; and naked, or covered with appen- dages called hairs or bristles, according to their nature, or paleae, when they are dilated and have a glumaceous appearance. If naked, and merely scarred by the insertions of the florets, it is called dotted or puncticulate; when the scars are more considerable and deeper, the re- ceptacle is said to be scrobiculate; if the insertions are so deep as to ap- pear to be divided by membranous partitions, it is cellular, or favose, or alveolate: if furnished with hairs, it is villose; if with paleae, it is'pa- leaceous or chaffy. The flower usually termed Floret, consists of two parts, the germ and the corolla, each with its appendages. The egret has generally been esteemed a superior calyx, and it is the opinion of M. Cassini that it is analogous to the scales of the receptacle, and the leaves of the involucrum. The corolla is placed on the top of the germ. It is either funnel-shaped, with a limb divided into four or five equal lobes in which case, the florets are called tubular; or it is split on one side, and spread open into the form of a strap, when the florets are called ligulate. The stamens are attached to the orifice of the tube of the corolla, just below the limb. Their filaments are usually, but not always, dis- tinct; their anthers are adherent by their edges, and furnished with a little membranous appendage at the tip, and sometimes with two spur- like processes at their base. The style is filiform, and either split at the summit into two linear spreading stigmas, or consists of a single piece from the base to the summit. The form and surface of the stigma, and the upper part of the style, are subject to a great diversity of ap- pearances, which are of the utmost importance in determining the af- finities of the genera. In a popular point of view, syngenesia may be considered interesting in a high degree. It abounds in plants of ornament, all of which are without exception, of easy cultivation. With regard to the qualities of syngenesious plants, considered economically or medicinally, it may be stated, that whatever they may be, they consist in a bitter principle, and an oily secretion. Order I. Equalis. Flowers of the disk and ray all perfect. Tragopogon. Involucre simple, of many leaves: receptacle naked; pappus feathery, stipitate: pericarps longitudinally striated. E. Troximon. Invol. oblong, conical, simple or imbricated • with une- qual, recept. naked, dotted: egret sessile, hairy. S. Lactuca. Involucre imbricated, cylindrical, its scales with a mem- branous margin: receptacle naked; egret simple, stipitate. Sonchus. Involucre imbricated, swelling at the base: receptacle na- ked: egret simple, sessile. Prenanthes. Involucre with scales at the base: receptacle naked: egret simple, sessile: florets few. Leontodon.^ Involucre with scales that are frequently lax and'flaccid: receptacle naked: egret simple stipitate. 74 CLASS XVII. ORDER I. Apargia. Involucre imbricated, with scales at the base: receptacle naked, dotted: egret feathery, sessile, unequal. Hieracium. Involucre ovate, imbricated: receptacle nearly naked, dotted: egret simple, sessile. Borkhausia. Invol. oblong in two rows, the outer much shorter than the inner: receptacle alveolate: egret of the centre stalked, of the cir- cumference sessile or subsessile. S. Apogon. Calyx 8-leaved, in a double series: receptacle naked: egret none. S. Krigia. Recept. naked: egret membranous, 5-leaved, with 5 bris- tles between: invol. many-leaved, simple. Cichorium. Involucre surrounded with scales or smaller leafets: re- ceptacle naked or slightly hairy: egret sessile, scaly, shorter than the pericarp. Arctium. Involucre globose, each of its scales with an incurved hook at the extremity: ieceptacle chaffy: egret simple. Carduus. Involucre swelling, imbricated with spinous scales: re- ceptacle hairy: egret desiduous, rough. Cnicus. Involucre swelling, imbricated, with spinos scales: recepta- cle hairy: egret deciduous, feathery. Onopordum. Involucre swelling, its scales spreading and spinous; receptacle cellular: egret desiduous, rough. Cynara. Recept. setose: invol. dilated, imbricated; scales fleshy, emarginate, with a point: egret sessile, feathery. E. SroKESiA. Recept. naked: egret with four bristles: invol. leafy, somewhat imbricated: heads radiated; florets of ray funnel-shaped, irregular. S. Carthamus. Receptacle paleaceos, setose: invol. ovate, imbricated; Bcales ovate, leafy at end: egret paleaceous, hairy, or none. E. Vernonia. Recept. naked; invol. ovate, imbricated: egret double: outer paleaceous: inner capillary. Liatris. Recept. naked: invol. oblong, imbricated: egret feathery, Mikania. Recept. naked: invol. 4-6-leaved, equal, 4 or 6-flowered. Sparganophorus. Invol. sub globose, imbricated, with unequal scales, recurved, spreading at the end: recept. naked; pericarps crowned with a somewhat cartilaginous cup. Eupatorium. Involucre imbricated, oblong: florets few: receptacle naked: egret rough. Kuhnia. Calyx imbricate, cylindrical: egret plumose, sessile: re- ceptacle naked: seed hairy, finely striated. Stevia. Precept, naked: pappus paleaceous: invol. cylindrical in a single row. S. Biuckellia. Calyx many-leaved, imbricate: receptacle naked, dot- ted: egret hairy or scabrous: seed nearly glabrous, 10-streaked. S. Hymenopappus. Invol. hemispherical, imbricated: receptacle flat, na- ked: florets all tubular. Hymenopappus. Invol. many-leaved, spreading: scales ovate, color- ed: recept. naked: egret many-leaved, paleaceous. S. Mf.i.ananthera. Recept. paleaceous, convex: invol. many-leaved in a double row: egret of from2 to 18rough bristles: pericarps turbinate angular. S. ' Marshallia. Recept. paleaceous: egret of 5 membranous acumi- CLASS XVII. ORDER n. 75 nate paleae: invol. imbricated; scales somewhat lanceolate, incumbent. S. Bidens. Involucre of many leaves, with many foliaceous bractes at the base: receptacle plane, chaffy: cor. sometimes radiant: pericarp crowned with from 2-5 persistent awns, which are rough, with minute deflexed bristles. Platypteris. Invol. many-leaved, imbricated, squarrose: recept- convex, paleaceous; pericaips compressed, winged, with2 awns at top- S. Cacalia. Recept. naked; egret pilose: invol. cylindrical, oblong, at the base only with bracteolae. Chrysocoma. Recept. naked: egret simple: invol. hemispherical, im- bricated: style scarcely longer than florets; Santolina. Recept. paleaceous: egret 0: invol. imbricated, hemis- pherical. S. Order II. Superflua. Florets of the disk perfect: of the ray pistillate. Tanacetum. Invol. hemispherical, imbricated: recept. naked: florets of the ray trifid, obsolete, sometimes wanting: pericarps crowned with a membranous egret. Artemisia. Calyx imbricate, ovate, with scales rounded, converging: ray-florets subulate: egret 0: receptacle sub-villose, or naked. Gnaphalium. Recept. naked; egret hairy or feathery: invol. im- bricated: marginal scales round, scarious, colored. Baccharis. Recept. naked: egret pilose: invol. imbricated, cylin- drical. Pistillate florets mixed with the perfect ones. Conyza. Invol. roundish, imbricated: recept. naked: florets of the ray 3-cleft: egret roujrh. Pterocaulon. Calyx imbricate, with cl?se-pressed, downy, sub-sca- rious scales: receptacle naked: perfect and pistillate florets intermixed: the pistilate ones slender: border 3-toothed: perfect ones with a 5-cleft border: egret hairy, scabrous: seed angled, hairy. S. Erigeron. Invol. imbricated: recept. naked: florets of the ray numerous, very narrow, mostly of a different color from the disk: egret simple. Tussilago. Invol. simple, equal, sub-membraaaceous, swelling: re- ceptacle naked: egret simple. Senecio. Invol. sub-cylindrical, equal, scaly below; the scales with- ered at the tip: recept. naked: egret simple. Aster. Invol. imbricated: its lowermost scales spreading, recept naked: florets of the ray more than 10 generally: egret simple pilose. Solidago. Invol. imbricated, its scales connivent: recept. naked: florets of the ray (of the same color as the disk) about 5, always less than 10: egret rough. Cineraria. Recept. naked: egret simple: invol. simple, many-leaved, equal. Inula. Invol. imbricated; recept. naked: florets of the ray very numerous, linear: anthers with 2 bristles atthebase: egret simply com- posed of hairs. Arnica. Recept. naked: egret simple: invol. with equal leaves: flo- rets of ray, generally with 5 filaments, without anthers. 76 CLASS XVII. ORDER II. Tetragonotheca. Recept. paleaceous; egret 0: invol. 1-leaved: 4- cornered, 4-parted. S. Helenium. Recept. naked; of the ray paleaceous: egret 5-awned: invol. 1-leaved, many-parted: florets of ray half trifid. Bellis. Invol. hemispherical, its scales equal; receptacle naked, eonical. E. Boebera. Invol. double; outer many-leaved: inner 8-leaved: recep- tacle naked: egret hairy. S. Tagetes. Recept. naked: egret with 5 erect awns: invol. simple, 1-leaved, 5-toothed, tubular; florets of ray 5, persistent. E. Donia. Calyx hemispherical, imbricate, squarrose, glutinous: ray florets 30 or more, (yellow:) receptacle naked, deep pitted: egret con- sists of 3 or 4 caducous, somewhat chaffy, bristles. S. Brachyris. Calyxcylindric-ovate, closely imbricate; scales agglu- tinated together; ray and disk florets about 5 to each: receptacle na- ked: egret very short, chaffy: glumes 5 to 8 permanent. S. Tricophyllum. Calyx oblong-cylindric, many-leaved, equal: ray florets oblong: receptacle naked: egret chaffy, minute, 5 to 8-leaved: leafets obtuse, awnless. S. Chrysopsis. Calyx imbricated: (ray-florets mostly yellow) anthers naked at the base: receptacle naked: egret double: outer chaffy, mi- nute; inner scabrous, many-rajred: seed obovate, villous. S. Actinella. Calyx many-leaved, sub-equal, flat: ray-florets (8to 20) 3-toothed, widening towards the extremity: receptacle naked, hemis- pherical: egret chaffy, 5 to 8 awned glumes. S. „ Pectis. Recept. naked: egret with 3 or 5 awns: invol. 5-leaved, florets of ray 5. S. Zinnia. Receptacle paleaceous: egret with 2 erect awns: invol. vate, cylindrical, imbricated: florets of ray 5, persistent entire. S. Matricaria. Invol. hemispherical or almost plane, imbricated, with scales whose borders are membranous: receptacle naked, almost cylin- drical: egret none. E. Chrysanthemum. Invol. hemispherical, imbricated with scales whose borders are membranous: recept. naked: egret none. Boltonia. Receptacle favose, hemispherical: egret toothed, awned, somewhat 2-horned: raysnumerous: invol. imbricated. Anthemis. Invol. hemispherical, its scales nearly equal; their mar- gins scarious: recept. convex, chaffy: pericarp crowned with a membra- nous border or egret. Achillea. Invol. ovate, imbricated, unequal: recept. plane, chaffy: florets of the ray 5-10, roundish, obcordate: pericarps naked. Starkea. Recept. hirsute: egret sessile, hairy; fnvol. imbricated. S, Eclipta. Receptacle paleaceous: egret 0: florets of disk 4-fid. S. Siegesbeckia. Recept. paleaceous: egret 0: outer invol. 5-leaved, inner spreading: ray halved. S. Verbesina. Recept. paleaceous: egret awned; invol. in one row; florets of the ray about 5. Acmella. Invol. simple, with a few somewhat leafy divisions: recept. oblong, paleaceous: heads radiant: pericarps 4-cornered, truncate at end, naked. S. Heliopsis. Invol. imbricated with ovate lined squamae: cor. of ray CLASS XVII. ORDER III--IV. 77 linear, large: recept. paleaceous, conical, with lanceolate paleae: peri- carps 4-cornered: egiet 0. Buphthalmum. Recept. paleaceous: egret an obsolete limb: sides of pericarps, especially of the ray, edged. S. Order III. Frustranea. Florets of the disk fertile: of the ray sterile. Helianthus. Recep. chaffy, flat: egret 2-leaved: cal. imbricated, sub-squarrose. Rudbeckia. Recept. paleaceous, conical; egret with a 4-toolhed rim: . invol. with a double row of scales. Galardia. Receptacle chaffy, hemispherical: egret many-leaved, paleaceous: invol. imbricated, many-leaved, flat: rays 3-parted. S. Balduina. Calyx imbricate, squarrose-leafy: ray-florets somewhat 3-cleft: receptacle hemispherical, horn-like, celular; egret chaffy, awn- less, erect, about 10-leaved: seeds immersed in the receptacle. S. Coreopsis. Recept. paleaceous: pericarps compressed, emarginate: egret with 2 horns: invol. double, each many-leaved. Leptopoda. Calyx simple, many-parted: rays 20 or more, 3-cleft, widening at the top: receptacle naked, hemispherical: egret consists of 8 to 10 awnless chaff-like valves. S. Actinomeris. Calyx simple, many-leaved, leafy, sub-equal: rays re- mote, elongated (4 to 8:) receptacle small, chaffy; the leafets embra- cing the margin of the seed: seed compressed, margined; crowned with 2 permanent awns. Centaurea. Invol. scaly: receptacle bristly: corollas of the ray, funnel-form,.irregular, longer than those of the disk: egret simple. E. Order IV. Necessaria. Fiords of the ray pistillate fertile: oftlie disk staminate. Gymnostylus. Calyx many-leaved, the leafets in a single series:' pistilate flowers apetalous: seeds compressed, somewhat toothed at the summit, awned with the permanent style. S. Baltimop-a. Recept. paleaceous; egret 0: invol. cylindrical, many- leaved: ray 5-flowered. S. , Silphium. Recept. paleaceous: egret with a 2-horned edge: invol. squarrose. . Polnmnia. Recept. paleaceous: egret 0: invol. double: outer 4 or 5- leaved; inner 10-leaved, with common leafets. Chaptalia. Recept. naked: egret capillary: florets oftheiayina double row, deformed; of the disk bilabiate. S. Chrysogonum. Invol. 5-leaved: recept. paleaceous: egret 1-leaved, 3-toothed: pericarps with a little 4-leaved calyx. S. Calendula. Recept. naked: egret 0: invol. many-leaved, equal: pericarps of the disk membranous. E. Parthenium. Receptacle paleaceous, flat: periearps obovate, nearly naked: invol. 5-leaved. S. ■ ,.>,,„ Iva. Recept. pilose: pericarps naked, blunt: invol. 3-leaved: floret* of ray 5: styles 2, long. 7* 78 CLASS XVIII. ORDER I. Order V. Segregata. Each floret, having its own peculiar calyx. Elephantopus. Invol. 4-flowered: florets ligulate, perfect: recept. naked: egret setaceous. Echinops. Invol. 1-flowered: florets tubular, perfect: recept. setose: egret obsolete. CLASS XVIII. GYNANDRIA. The singular plants which constitute this class are distinguished from all others by the anomalous structure of their flowers. These do not as is usually the case, contain a certain number of stamens, surrounding a central germ or style, but.are furnished with a solitary fleshy, undivided process, which supplies the place of stamens and style. The nature of this process has been variously explained: the modern opinion is, that it is formed by the accretion of the stamens and style into a single mass, and this opinion seems to be confirmed by analysis and analogy. The polen is either granular, divided into many separable small pieces, as in Orchis; or powdery, consisting of an infinite number of granules, or waxy, when it consists of a few large concrete masses. The stigma is most frequently concave, and placed nearly under the anther, but in such a manner, that there is no contact between it and the polen. Gynandrous plants are among the most interesting of the vegetable productions of the globe, whether we consider the vivacity of their colors or the singularity of their organizetion, or the grotesque appear- ance of their tortuous roots, or the delicious perfume of their flowers. They are distributed in abundance over all the earth. Order I. Monandria. Stamen 1. 1. Anther terminal, erect. Pollen granular, cohering by an elastic thread. Orchis. Cor. ringent: lip spurred on the under-side at the base: glands of the stalks of the pollen-mas (1-2) contained in one common little anther-like pouch. Habenaria. Cor. ringent: lip spurred on the upper-side, at the base beneath: glands of the stalk of the pollen-mass naked, distinct, with the cells of the foot-stalks adnate or separated. 2. Anthers parallel with stigma. Pollen powdery. Goodyera. Cor. ringent, with the 2 exterior or lateral segments of the perianth placed beneath the lip, which is gibbous at the base and un- divided at the extremity: column free: pollen angular. Neottia. Flowers connivent: lip sessile, 2-lobed, with no calli: anther terminal, sessile: stigma 2-lipped, pervious; the front lip thick- ened. Listera. Flowers connivent: lip 2-lobed, sessile, with no calli; anther intramarginal, half covered over by the hooded climandrium: stigma closed, nearly flat, with a strong transverse furrow. CLASS XVIII. ORDER VI. >JQ ' Cranichis. Coral 5-petalled, resupinate, sub-ringent: lip behind, vaulted: pollen farinaceous. S. 3. Anther terminal, persistent. Pollen powdery. Arethusa. Lip united at base with the column, at the end hooded, in the inside crested: sepals 5, united at base: pollen angular. Calopogon. Lip at the back clawed, with a beard inside: sepals 5, distinct: column separate: pollen angular. Pogonia. Lip sessile, hooded, crested inside, sepals 5, distinct, with- out glands: pollen farinaceous. Corallorhiza. Lip produced behind, adnate, with the spur free: column free: masses of pollen 4, oblique not parallel. Triphora. Petals 5, distinct, equal and converging, without glands: lip unguiculate cowled: style spatulate, even, flattened, wingless: pol- len farinaceous. 5. Anther terminal, opercular, deciduous. Pollenwaxy. Cymbidium. Lip not spurred, concave, jointed with the simple base of the column: sepals spreading, distinct: pollen-masses 2, 2-lobed behind. Epidendrum. Column united with the claw of the lip and forming a tube which sometimes runs down the ovarium: pollen-masses 4, with as many powdery reflexed little stems. S. Bletia. Lip sessile, cucullate; sometimes spurred at the base, sepals 5, distinct: column separate: pollen-masses 8 or 4, 2-lobed. S. Tipularia. Petals spatulate, spreading: lip entire, sessile: con- spicuously spurred below, at the base: style wingless, lengthened, . free: anthers in the form of a lid, permanent, masses of pollen 4, pa- rallel. Aplectrum. Petals equal, converging: lip unguiculate, not spurred or extended at the base: masses of pollen 4, oblique, lenticular, situa- ted below the summit of the style. Malaxis. Lip flat, expanded, regularly vertical: column round: pollen-magses 4, loose. Microstylis. Lip flat sagittate, or deeply cordate: column very small, round: pollen-masses 4, loose. Calypso. Lip ventricose, spurred-beneath, near the end: sepals as- cending, 1-sided: column petaloid, dilated: pollen-masses 4. S. Order II. Diandria. Stamens 2. Cypripedium. Lip ventricose, inflated: column terminated by a petaloid lobe dividing the anthers: two anterior sepals usually united. Order VI. Hexandria. Stamens 6. Aristolochia. Calyx 0; cor. 1-petallous, ligulate, ventricose at base: caps. 6-celled, many-seeded, inferior. 80 CLASS XIX. ORDER II. Asarum. Calyx somewhat bell-form, 3 or 4-cleft, superior: corol 0: anthers proceeding from the middle of the filaments: stigma 6-cleft: capsule coriaceous, 6-celled, crowned with the calyx. CWild ginger.) CLASS XIX. MONOECIA. Stamens and pistils in distinct floh-ers, but upon the same plant. This class consists of staminate and pistillate plants of all kinds, na- tures, and affinities, combined by the character of having their flowers upon the same plant; in which respect Monoecia is distinguished from the next class, Dioecia. It contains nearly all the most important tim- ber-trees of the temperate countries of the world, such as the oak, the pine, the birch, the beech, the walnut, the plane, the cypress, and many others. The bread-fruit, so important an article of food in some parts of the world, is placed in this class; various palms occupy a station in the class. To Monoecia Polyandria, belongs the famous Upas-tree of Java, to which so many fables are attached. It is now ascertained to be a species of Antiaris. From Siphonia elastica, a plant of Monoecia Monadelphia, and native of Brazil, one of the kinds of Caoutchouc, or gum-elastic of commerce, is obtained. Order I. Monandria. Stamen 1. Zannichellia. Barren fl. perianth none: fertile fl. perianth single, ofl-leaf: germens 4 or more: style 1; stigma pellate: capsules sessile! Zostera. Calyx and corol 0: stamens and pistils in two rows on one .side of a spadix: spathe leaf-like: staminate flowers with anthers ovate, sessile, alternating with the germs: pistillate flowers with the germ ovate; style 2-cleft: drupel-seeded. Caulinia. Staminate flowers: calyx0, corol 0; anthers sessile: pis- tilate flowers; calyx 0, corol 0: style filiform: stigma 2-cleft: capsule 1-seeded. (Flowers axilary.) Chary. Staminate flowers, calyx 0: corol 0: anthers globose, ses- sile: pistilate flowers—calyx 0: corol 0: style 0: stigmas 5; berry 1- celled, many-seeded. Euphorbia. Involucre perianth-like, inflated with alternating petal- like segments: staminate florets, 12 or more at the base of the stipe of pistilate flower, each consisting of an anther united to a pedicel by a fil- ament: pistilate flower central, single, stiped; with 3 2-cleft styles: capsule 3-lobed. Najas. Staminate flowers—calyx cvlindric, 2-cleft: stamen filamen- tous, long: anther 4-valved; valves spreading. Pistilate flowers—calyx 0: style 1, with 2 stigmas: nut 4-seeded. Order II. Diandria. Stamens 2. Lemna. Staminate: cal. 1-leaved: cor. 0: pistillate: calyx 1-leaved: cor. 0: style 1: capsule 1-celled, 2-seeded. CLASS XIX. ORDER IV. 81 Podostemum. Staminate flowers—calyx 0: corol 0: stamens affixed to a pedicel. Pistilate flowers—calyx 0: corol 0: germ ovate: stigma 1, sessile: capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, many seeded: seeds minute. Order IH. Triandria. Stamens 3. Comptonia. Staminate; a catkin: calyx a scale: petals 2: filaments 2-forked: pistilate; a catkin: calyx a scale: petals 6: style 2: nut ovate. Tragia. Staminate; calyx 3-parted: cor. 0: pistilate; calyx 5-part- ed: cor. 0; style 3-fid: caps, of 3 pieces, and 3 cells: seeds solitary. S. Typha. Flowers collected into cylindrical spikes or catkins: barren fl. perianth 0: stam. 3 together, upon a chaffy or hairy receptacle, uni- ted below into one filament: fertile flowers: perianth 0: pericarp pedi- cellate, surrounded at the base with hairs resembling an egret. Sparganium. Flowers in spherical dense heads: barren fl. perianth single of 3 leaves: fertile fl. single of 3 leaves: drupe dry, with 1 seed. Carex. Flowers collected into an imbricated catkin: barren fl. calyx ofl scale, glumaceous: cor. 0: fertile fl. calyx of 1 leaf glumaceous: cor. ofl leaf, urceolate, ventricose: stigma 2-3: nut triquetrous, inclu- ded within the persistent cor. Zea. Staminate; in distinct spikes: cal. a 2-flowered blunt glume: cor. a blunt glume: pistilate: cal. a 2-valved glume: cor. a 2-valved glume: style 1, filiform, pendulous: seeds solitary, immersed in ah ob- long receptacle—the cob. S. Coix. -Staminate; in remote spikes: cal. a 2-flowered blunt glume: cor. a blunt glume: pistilate; calyx a 2-flowered glume: cor. a blunt glume: style 2-parted: seed covered by the bony calyx. E. Tripsacum. Staminate; glume 2-flowered: outer staminate; inner neuter: cor. a membranous glume: pistilate: calyx a 1-flowered glume, surrounded by a 1-leaved involucrum, perforated at the recesses: cor. a 2-valved glume: styles 2: seed 1. Scleria. Staminate flowers—calyx glume 2 or 6-valved, many- flowered: corol glumes awnless: pistilate flowers—calyx 2 or 6-valved, l-flowered, corol none: stigmaslto3: nut colored, sub-globose. Manisuris. Somewhat polygamous: staminate flowers: calyx valves 2, lanceolate, flexuous: corol a mere rudiment: pistilate flower—calyx glume 2-valved, the outer one roundish, cartilaginuus: corol 2-valved: in the perfect flowers there are 3 stamens, 2 styles, seed 1: in some the stamens, styles and nectaries are wanting. S, Order IV. Tetrandria, Stamens 4. Eriocaulon. Common calyx many-leaved: florets many, in an im- bricate head: partial perianth superior, 2 or 3-leaved: staminate flowers central with monopetalous cleft corols: pistilate flowers marginal, with 2-petalled corol: stigmas 2 or 3: capsules 2 or 3-celled, 2 or 3-lobed: seed 1, crowned with the corol. Alnus. Flowers collected into imbricated catkins: barren fl. scale of the catkin 3-lobed, with three flowers: perianth single, 4-partible: fertile fl. scale of the catkin sub-trifid, with 2 flowers: nerianthO: styles 2; fruit compressed 62 OLASS XIX. ORDER VI. Betula. Barren flower in a cylindrical catkin, its scales 3 fl. peri- anth 0: stamens 10-12: fertile fl : scale of the catkin imperfectly 3-lo- bed, 3-flowered: perianth 0: styles 2: germens compressed, 2-celled, one abortive: nuts compressed, with a membranous margin, 1-seeded. Buxcs. Staminate; calyx 3-leaved: petals 2: rudiment of an ovary: pistilate: calyx 4-leaved: petals 3: styles 3: caps, with 3 beaks and 3 cells: seeds 2. E. Morus. Staminate; cal. 4-parted: cor. 0: pistilate: cal. 4-leaves: cor. 0: styles 2: calyx berried: seed 1. Boehmeria. Staminate; calyx 4-parted; cor. 0: nut 0: pistilate; cal. 0: cor. 0: style 1, seed 1. Urtica. Barren fl. perianth single, of 4 leaves, containing the cup- shaped rudiment of a germen: fertile fl.; perianth single, of 2 leaves: pericarp 1-seeded, shining. Pachysvndra. Staminate; calyx 4-leaved: cor. 0: pistilate; calyx 4- leaved: cor. 0: styles 3: caps. 3-horned, 3-celled: seeds 2. S. Dions. Staminate; calyx 4-leaved: cor. 0: pistilate; calyx 1-leaved, 2-horned: style parted: seed 1, villous at the base, covered with 2-horn- ed calyx. S. Parietaria. Polygamous. Perfect flowers—calyx 4-cleft, inferior: corol 0: stamens elastic: style 1: seed 1: pistilate flowers—calyx 2- leaved: seed covered with the dry elongated calyx. Order V. Pentandria. Stamens 5. Schizandra. Staminate; cal. 9-leaved in a tripple row: cor. 0: an- thers sub-sessile, cohering at end: pistilate: as ovaries numerous, capi- tate : berries 1-seeded, inserted on a long filiform receptacle. S. Xanthium. Staminate; common calyx imbricated: cor. monopeta- lous, 5-fid, funnel-shaped: pistilate: cal. a 2-leaved. 1-flowered involu- crum: cor. 0: diupe dry, muricated, 2-fid: nut 2-celled. Amaranthus. Staminate; cal. 3-5-leaved: cor. 0: stamens 3-5: pis- tilatei cal. as of the staminate cor. 0: styles 3: caps. 1-celled, cut round about. Ambrosia. Stuminate; common cal. 1-leaved: cor. 1-petalous, 5-fid, funnel-shaped: recept. naked: pistilate; cal. 1-leaved, entire, 5-toothed beneath, 1-flowered; cor. 0: nut formed by the indurated calyx, 1-seeded. Crotonopsis. Staminate flowers—calyx 5-parted: corol 5-petalled: pistilate flowers—calyx 5-parted: oorol none: stigma 3, twice 2-cleft: capsule 1-seeded. Order VI. Hexandria. Stamens 6. Zizania. Staminate; cal. 0: cor. a 2-valved blunt glume, mixed with the pistilate; female: cal. 0: cor. a 2-valved glume, cucullate and awn- ed: style 3-parted: seed 1, enveloped in the plaited corolla. Hydrociiloa. Pistilate flowers—calyx none: corol 2-valved. sub- awnless: staminate flowers—calyx none: corol 2-valved, awnless: stig- mas 2, very long: seed 1, reniform. * CLASS XIX. ORDER XIII. 83 Order XIII. Polyandria. Stamens more than 6. Ceratophyllum. Barren fl. cal. multipartite: cor. 0: stam. 16-20: fertile fl. cal. multipartite: cor. 0: stigma nearly sessile, oblique: nut 1-seeded. Myriophyllum. Barren flowers: cal. of 4 leaves: petals 4: stamens B: fertile fl. cal. of 4 leaves: petals 4: stigmas 4, sessile: nuts 4, sub- globose, 1-seeded. Sagittaria. Staminate flowers—calyx 3-leaved: petals 3: stamens about 24: pistilate flowers—cal. 3-leaved: petals 3: ovaries many: seeds many, naked. Poterium. Barren fl. cal. of 4 leaves: cor. 4, partite: stamens 30- 40: feitile fl. cal. of 4 leaves: cor. 4 partite: germens2: fruit 2-celled, invested with the cal. E. Castanea. Barren fl. in a very long cylindrical catkin: perianth sin- gle of 1-leaf, 6-cleft: stamen 5-20: fertile fl. 3, within a 4-lobed, thickly muricated involucrum: perianth single, urceolate, 5-6-lobed, having the rudiments of 12 stamens: germen in-corp. with the perianth: 6-celled, with the cells 2-seeded; 5 of them mostly abortive: styles 6: nut 1-2- seeded, invested with the enlarged involucre. Ostraya. Staminate flowers—an imbricated catkin: cal. a scalei cor. 0: filaments branched; pistilate a naked catkin: cal. 0: cor. 0: caps, inflated, imbricated, 1-seeded at base. Carpinus; Barren fl. in a cylindrical catkin; its scales roundish, cil liated at the base: stamens 8-20: fertile fl. in a lax catkin, its scales large, foliaceous. 3-lobed, 1-flowered: invol. 0: perianth of 1-leaf, urceo- late, 6-dentate, incorporated with the 2-celled germen, of which 1 cell is abortive: styles 2: nut ovate, striated, 1-seeded. Fagus. Barren fl. in a globose catkin: perianth single, of one leaf, campanulate, 6-cleft: stamens 5-12: fertile fl. 2 within a 4-lobed prickly involucre: perianth single, urceolate, with 4-5 minute lobes: germen in- corporated with the perianth, 3-celled, 2 of them becoming abortive? styles 3: nuts 1-seeded, invested with the enlarged involucre. Corylus. Barren fl. in a cylindrical catkin, its scales 3-cleft: peri- anth 0: stamens 8: anthers 1-celled: fertile fl. perianth obsolete: ger- mens several, surrounded by a scaly involucre: stigmas 2: nut 1-seeded, surrounded at. the base with the enlarged united coriaceous scales of the involucre. Juglans. Staminate flowers an imbricated catkin: cal. a scale: cor, 0, or 4-6-parted: filaments 4-36: Pistilate flowers—cal. 4-fid, superior: cor. 4-5 fid: styles 0, or 2: drupe coriaceous, with a furrowed nut. Sub- genus, Carya. Calyx-scale 3-parted: corol 0: nut sub-quadrangular, even. (Hickory.) Quercus. Barren fl. in lax catkin: perianth single, somewhat5-clefts stamens 5-10: fertile fl. invol. cup-shaped, scaly: perianth single, in- corporated with the germen, 6-lobed: germen 3-celled, 2 of them abor- tive: style 1; stigmas 3: nut (acorn) 1-celled, 1-seeded, surrounded at the base by the enlarged cup-shaped involucre. Liquidambar. Staminate flowers, a conical catkin, surrounded by a 4-leaved involucre: cal. 0; cor. 0: filaments numerous. Pistilate flow- ers in a globose catkin, surrounded by a 4-leaved involucrum: cal. 1- leaved, urceolate, 2-flowered: cor. 0: styles2: capsules 2, surrounded at base by calyx, 1-celled, many-seeded. g4 , CLASS XIX. ORDER XV. Platanus. Staminate flowers, a globose catkin: cal. 0: cor. scarcely any: anthers growing about the filaments: pistilate flowers, a globose catkin: cal. many-leaved: cor. 0: styles with a recurved stigma: seeds roundish, mucronate with the style papose at base. Caladium. Staminate floweis—cal. and cor. 0: anthers peltate, ma- ny-celled, disposed in a spike at the end of the spadix: pistilate flower— cal. andcor.O: ovaries inserted at base of spadix: styleO: berry 1-celled, many-seeded. S. Arum. Spathe of 1 leaf, convolute at the base: perianth 0: spadix with germens at the base: stem (sessile) near the middle of the spadix, which is naked above: berry 1-celled, 1-seeded. Lecontia. Spathe convolute: calyx and corol none: spadix naked above, bearing sessile anthers below the middle, and germs at the base: berry 1-celled, many-seeded. Rensselaeria, Beck. Calla. Spathe ovate, becoming expanded: spadix covered with the fructification: stamens intermixed. Staminate flowers—calyx and corol none: anthers sessile. Pistilate flowers—calyx and corol 0: berries 1- celled, many-seeded, crowned with the short style. Order XV. Monodelphia. Stamens united into a single body. Sicyos. Staminate flowers—cal. 5-toothed: cor. 5-parted: filaments 3. Pistilate flowers—cal. 5-toothed: cor. 5-parted: style 3-fid: gourd 1-seeded. Acalypha. Staminate flowers—calyx 3 or 4-leaved, or 3 or 4-part- ed: corol none: stamens 8 to 16: pistilate flowers—calyx and corol like the staminate: styles 3, 2-cleft. capsule tricoccous, 3-celled; (having large bracts.) Pinus. Staminate flowers—anthers 2-celled: pistilate flowers—scales in a conical cone, bractecle at base, digynous; pericarps attached to the inside of scale, moie or less winged, deciduous: stigmas 2-3-fid: coty- ledons 4-8. Cupressus. Staminate flowers—an imbricated catkin: cal. a scale: cor. 0: anthers 4, sessile, without filaments: pistilate flowers—a cone- like catkin: cal. a 1-fl. scale; cor. 0: stigma 2 concave dots: nut an- gular. Thuja. Staminate flowers—an imbricated catkin: cal. a scale: pet. 4: anthers 4: pistilate flowers—a cone-like catkin: cal. a 2-flowered scale: cor. 0: nut 1, surrounded by an edged wing. Momordica. Staminate flowers—cal. 5-fid: cor. 5-parted: filaments 3: pistilate flowers—cal. 5-fid: cor. 5-parted: styles 3-fid: gourd dropp- ing off, with elasticity. Cucurbita. Staminate flowers—cal. 5-toothed: cor. 5-fid; filamsnts 3: pistilate flowers—calyx 5-toothed; cor. 5-parted: ovary 3-fid; seeds of gourd, with a tumid edge. E. Cucumis. Staminate flowers—cal. 5-toothed: cor. 5-parted: filaments 3: pistilate flowers—cal. 5-toothed: cor. 5-parted: ovary 3-fid: seeds of gourd with a sharp edge. E. Melothria. Staminate flowers—cal. 1-leaved, 3 to 5-toothed: corol bell-form: filaments 3: pistilate flowers—calyx and corol as in the sta- minate, superior: style 1: stigmas 3: berry 3-celled, many-seeded. CLASS XX. ORDER II. 85 Stillingia. Staminate flowers—cal. hemispherical, many-flowered; cor. tubular, eroded: pistilate flowers—cal. 1-flowered, inferior: cor. su- perior: style 3-fid: caps. 3.coccous. S. Phyllanthus. Staminate flowers—cal. 6-parted: cor. 0: filamentco- lumner: anthers 3: pistilate flowers—cal. 6-parted: cor. 0: disk with 12 angles: styles 3: capsule 3-coccous. CReiToN. Staminate flowers—cal. cylindrical 5-toothed: petals 5: stamens 10-15: pistilate flowers—cal. many-leaved: cor. 0: styles 3, bi- fid: caps. 3-celled: seed 1. S. Jatropha. Staminate flowers—calyx 0, or 5-leaved: cor. monopeta- lous, funnel-shaped: stamens 10, alternately shorter: pistilate flowers— cal. 0: cor. 5-petalous, spreading: style 3, bifid: caps. 3-celled, seed 1. S. Ricinus. Staminate flowers—cal. 5-parted: cor. 0: stamens numer- ous: pistilate flowers—cal. 3-parted: cor 0: styles 3, bifid: capsule 3- celled, seed 1. E. CLASS XX. DIOECIA. Staminate and pistilate flowers upon different plants. To this class many of the observations made upon the last are equally applicable. Like it, the genera would have been more conveniently dis- tributed among previous classes. The genera it cotains are chiefly trees, and many of them form the most valuable portion of the forests of all parts of the world. In Monandria is found the celebrated Pandanus, or screw pine, which, with its strange spiral branches, constitutes one of the most singular fea- tures of the vegetation of the Isle of France. Diandria contains tht valuable salix; Penlandria, the hop, the hemp, and the spinage. Order II. Diandria. Stamens 2. Salix. Barren fl.; scales of the catkin single-flowered, imbricated, with nectariferous gland at its base; perianth 0: stigmas 2, often cleft: caps. 1-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded; seeds comose. Fraxi>.us. Polygamous. Perfect flowers—calyx 0, or 3 or 4-parted: corol 0 or 4-petalled: pistil 1: samara 1-seeded, with a lanceolate wing: pistilate flowers—calyx, corol and pistils, same as perfect. Vallisneria. Staminate flowers—spathe ovate, 2-parted: spadix covered with minute florets: perianth 3 parted: pistilate flowers—spathe 2-cleft, 1-flowered: perianth 3-parted, superior: corol 3-petalled: stig- mas strap-like, 2-cleft: capsule valveless, 1-celled: seeds numerous, at- tached to the sides. Ceu.ytiola. Calyx bud-like, imbricated with 6 to 8 scales; corol 0: stamens 2. exsert: stigmas unequal, (4 to 6) 2 of them larger; berry with 2 bony seeds. S. Order III. Triandria. Stamens 3. Ficus. Common receptacle turbinate, closed, fleshy: pistilate flow- 86 CLASS XX. ORDER V. ers—cal. 5-parted: cor. 0: ovary 1: seed 1: staminate flowers—cal. 3- parted: cor. 0: stamens 3. E. Empetuum. Barren fl.: cal. tripartite: cor. of 3 petals: (7 in E. B.) starn. 3. (9 in E. B.) upon long filaments: fertile fl.: cal. tripartite: cor. of 3 petals: style very short: stigma with 69 rays: berry superior, glo- bose, with 6-9 seeds. Order IV. Tetrandria. Stamens 4. Viscum. Barren fl.; cal. 0: petals 4, dilated at the base, connate, re- sembling a cal.: anthers sessile, adnate with the petals: fertile fl.: cal. submarginate: petals 4, dilated at the base: style 1: drupe inferior, 1- seeded. Myrica. Bairenfl.: scales of the catkin, concave: perianth 0: fertile fl. scales of the catkin concave: perianth 0: styles2: crupe J-celled, 1- seeded. Hippophae. Staminate flowers—in a catkin, telrandrovs: pistilate flowers—solitary in the axillae of the leaver: calyx tubular, bifid at end, closed: elisk 0: fruit formed of a berried calyx and akenium. Bi.oussonetia. Staminate flowers—a cylindrical catkin: calyx 4- parted: pistilate flowers—a globose catkin: cal. tubular, 3-4-toolh: ova- ries becoming fleshy, clavate. prominent: style lateral: seed 1, covered by the calyx. S. Maclura. Staminate flowers (not examined); pistilate flowers—ca- lyx none: corol none: style I, filiform, villous: germs numerous, becom- ing a berry-like aggregate, many-celled, 1-seeded; seed obovate, com- pressed. S. Order V. Pentandria. Stamens 5. Nyssa. Perfect flowers. Cal. 5-parted; cor. 0: stamens 5: ovary 1: drupe inferior: staminate flowers—cal. 5-] arted; cor. 0: st;.in. 10. Xanthoxyi.um. Staminate flowers—cal. 5-parted: cor. 0: stamens 3-5: pistilate flowers—ovaries 5: caps. 3-."\ 1-se'ded. Hamiltonia. Perfect flowers. Cal. 5-fid: cor. 0: n°ct. a 5-toothed disk; stamens 5; ovary 1; drupe inferior: staminate flowers: cal. 5-fid: cor. 0: nect. a 5-toothed disk: stamens 5. Ie.F.siNE. Staminate flowers—cal. 2-leaved: peta's 5: s:\iles 5-7: pis- tilate flowers—stigmas 2, sessile: caps, with downy seeds. S. Spinacia. Staminate flowers—cal 5-parted: c r. 0: pistilate flow- ers—styles 4; seed 1, within the indurated calyx. K. Acnida. Staminate flowers—cal. 5-parted: cor. 0: pin!ilate flowers__ cal. 3-parted:. styles 0: stigmas 3, sessile: caps. 1-seeded. Cannabis. Staminate flowers—cal. 5 parted: pistilate flowers__cal. 6-leaved, entire, opening at the side; styles 2; nut 2-valved within the closed calyx. E. Humui.us. Barren fl.; perianth single, of 5 leaves: anthers with 2 pores at the extremity: fertile fl.; scales of the catkin large, persistent, concave, entire, single-flowered; perianth 0; styles 2; seed 1. CLASS XX. ORDER XI. 87 Order VI. Hexandria. Stamens 6. Smii.yx. Cal. 5-leaved: cor. 0; styles 3; berry 3-celled; seeds 2. Dioscorea. Cal. 6-parted; cor. 0: styles 3: capsule. 3-celled, com- pressed: seeds 2, membranous: leaves generally alternate. Gleditschia. Perfect flowers. Cal. 4-fid; cor. 4 petals: stamens 6: apod: staminate flowers—cal. 3-leaved: petals 3: stamens 6: pistilate flowers—cal. 5-leaved: petals 5; a pod. Order VIII. Octandria. Stamens 8. Populu-. Barren fl.; scales of the catkin lacerated; anthers fi-30, aris- ng from a turbinate, oblique, entire, single perianth: fertile fl.: scales of the catkin lacerated: perianth, turbinate, entire, stigmes 4: caps, su- perior, 2-celled, 2-valved, many-seeded: seeds comose.. Duupyrus. Perfect flowers. Cal. and cor. 4-fid: stamens 8: style 4-fid: berry d-seeded: staniinate flowers—cal. and cor. 4-fid: stamens 8. Order IX. Enneandria. Stamens 9. Hydrocharis. Barren fl.: cal. tripartite; petals 3; the three interi- or filaments beaked: fertile fl.; cal. tripartite: petals 3: styles 6, each with 2 stigmas: caps, inferior, coriaceous, roundish, six-celled, many* seeded. S. Serpicula. Udora. Ei.odia. The perfect flowers have 3 stamens only: staminate dowers—calyx 3-parted: corol 3-petalled: stamens 9, 3 of them within: pistilate flowers—calyx 3-parted: tube very long: pe- tals 3: barren filaments 3: capsule bladder-like, 3-seeded; seeds cylin- drical. Order X. Decakdria. Stamens 10. Gymnoc: ahus. Cal. 5-toothed: petals 5: style 1: legumen 1-celled, pulpy inside. Carica. Staminate flowers—cal. hardly any: cor. 5-fid, funnel-sh*- ped: filaments in the tube of the cor. staniinate flowers—cal. 5-toothed: petals 5: stigmas 5: berry furrowed, 1-celled, many-seeded. S. Order XL Dodixandria. Stamens 12. Datisca. Staminate flowers—cal. "(-leaved: cor. 0; anthers sessile^ pistilate flowers—cal. 2-toothed: styles 3: capsules 3, angular, 3 horn- ed, 1-celled, pervious, inferior. Menisperjium. Staminate flowers—cal. 2-baved: petals 4 or 6 on the outside, 8 inside: stamens 16: pistilate flowers—stamens 8, sterile: ovaries 2-3; berries 2, 1-seeded. 88 CLASS XXI. ORDER I. FILICES. Order XIII. Polyandria. Stamens numerous, inserted under the ovarium. Cycas. Staminate flowers—catkin imbricated; cal. a spatulate scale; cor. 0; anthers globose, sessile, on a scale: pistilate flowers—spadix compressed, 2-sidedi cal. 0: cor. 0; style 1; drupe 1-seeded. Zamia. Catkin like a cone: staminate flowers—calyx an obovate scale; cor 0; anthers globose, opening by a slit; sessile on the scale: pistilate flowers—cal. peltate scales; ovaries 2; style 0; benies 2, 1- seeded. S. Order XV. Monadelphia. Stamens united into one body. Juniperus. Barren fl.; scales of the catkin subpeltate; perianth 0; stam. 4-8,1-celled: feitilefl.; scalesofthe catkinin few, united at length, fleshy, and surrounding the 3-seeded berry. Taxus. Barren fl.; perianth single at the base: stamens numerous: anthers peltate, 6-8-celled; cells opening beneath: fertile fl.; perianth single, urceolate, scaly: styles0: drupe fleshy, perforated at the ex- tremity. CLASS XXI. CRYPTOGAMIA. Stamens none, or undistinguishable. This class differs essentially from all the preceding, in the peculiar conformation of theorgans ofreproduction, which are not formed of sta- mens and pistils like those ofthe higher classes of plants, hut are of a nature altogether different, consisting either of buds under a particular form, or of vessels containing vegetable substances, analagous to seeds, but differing in not being the result of pollennial fertilization, and in hav- ing the power of striking root indifferently from any point of their sur- face. The internal composition of these vegetable substances, which are denominated sporules, is. on account of their extreme minuteness, unknown. Willdenow describes Cryplogamous plants to be vegeta- bles, without any visible flower, and differing from other plants in their external characters, in which respect they also differ from each other. For the purposes of this work, which follows the system of Linnaeus, the definition, if it can be so called, of Willdenow, is applicable. In the arrangement ofthe orders of Crypt ogamia, it has been found advisable to adhere to the divisions of modern writers, who, by extensive observa- tions, and great powers of perception, have brought this most abstruse part of botany to a considerable degree of perfection. This class is divided into 6 natural orders, conforming with the artifi- cial. I. FILICES. Fern-like plants, which have green herbage. They have their stems, leaves, and fruit united in a frond. Sub-Orders. 1. Filiccsproper (polypods, brakes.) Thecae naked, or covered with in- volucres, and are placed on the back of a frond. The frond is either fol- iaceous or contracted in such a way, as only to cover the clusters of thecae (sori.) They are always circinal—capsules opening crosswise. CLASS XXI. SUB-ORDER 1, OF FILICES. 89 2. Equisetaceac (rushes.) Reproductive organs uniform, in terminal Bpikes, composed of peltate, several sided scales, producing on theii un- der surface (four to seven) elongated involucres containing the seeds; branches whorled, rigid. 3. Lyc.opodiaceae (ground-pines.) Reproductive organs axillary, some- times apparently spilted; thecae? of two kinds; the one containing gra- nules, the other large bodies: stems covered with many small leaves. 4. Mirsileiccic( pipe-wort, pili-wort). Reproductive organs radical, uni- form: sporules? in roundish, one or many-celled indehisent heads: plants simple, aquatic. II. MUSCI. (Mosses.) Reproductive organs of two kinds: thecae many-seeded, solitary, furnished with an c III. HEPATIC AE. (Liverwort.) Reproductive organs of two kinds. 1st. Thecae without an operculum, either naked or sessile, or furnished with a rail through which they are, more or less protruded: sporules naked or mixed with spiral threads. 2d. Minute, roundish, or oblong bodies, variously situated. Plants frondose, of a cellular structure, not sub- mersed. IV. ALGAE. (Frog spittle, sea-weeds.) Reproductive organs of two kinds. 1st. Thecae or tubercles, variously situated. 2d. Sporules or granules naked, or immersed in the frond: plants always aquatic, and submersed. V. LICHENES. (Lichens.) Reproductive organs unifoim: spo- rules deposited in receptacles of various forms, distinct in substance, from the thallus. which is either pulverulent, crustaceous, membranous, folliaceous, or branched and shrub-like. VI. FUNGI. (Toad-stools mould.) Reproductive organs uniform! 6porules arranged in tubular cells, placed in some part of the external surface: substance various, mostly thick and fleshy, sometimes vesicu- lar: thallus none. Sub-Order I. Filices. This is the most beautiful of all the orders of cryptogamic plants, and has alwys been a favorite tribe, to which the most celebrated botan- ists of all modern times have given their attention. The principal dis- tinction which exists between ferns and other orders of Cryptogarnous plants, is found in the situation of what are called their sori. or patch- es of reproductive organs, which ar?in all cases inserted upon the back surface of the leaf. or. as it is called in ferns, the frond : sometimes ap- pearing only in the form of little spots, sometims covering the whole of the under-side of the frond, and sometimes cuntracting the substance of the frond, so as to give it the appearance of a single mass of fructifica- tion, bursting in a determinate manner, as in the Csmunda. Besides this character, the fronds are always rolled up in a cercinate manner when they are first developed. That part of the frond which occupies the place of the petiole of a compound leaf is called the rachis. The groups of thecae forming the organs of reproduction, are called sori. which are either naked or cover- ed with an involucrum, or, as it is more frequently termed, indusium. This latter organ, when present, either bursts outwardly, towards the margin of the frond, or inwardly towards the midrib or rachis. It may also, be either single or double; the latter term signifying, that there » 8* 90 CLASS XXI. SUB-ORDER 1, OF FILICES. a cover on each side the sorus. The bodies which are called thecae by some authors, and capsules by others, are constructed in two ways; they are either surrounded by an elastic urrowed ring, when they are called Annulatae, or they are destitute of such a ring, in which case they are termed Exannulatae. They contain the minute powdery matter, which is that by which ferns are reproduced; the constituent parts of this matter are called sporules, and are analogous to seeds in more per- fect plants. Thecae 1-celled, with an articulated, elastical, longitudinal ring, bursting across in an irregular manner. Acrostichum. Thecae scattered, occupying all the lower surface of the frond, or a part of it: indusium none. Polypodium. Sori in little round scattered convex spots: indusium none. Onoclea. Sori globose, inserted upon columnar receptacles, inclosed within the berry-like pinnules: indusium double: common placed on the edge ofthe pinnule, and united into the form of a berry; proper mem- branous enwrapping the sori. Struthioptefus. Sori linear, crossing, inserted upon crested recep- tacles, included in a double row within the somewhat articulated pinnae: indusium double: common marginal, opening inwards in a rugged man- ner; propei membranous, and resembling a partition. Blechnum. Sori linear, continuous (sometimes interrupted) contig- uous to the midrib: indusium membranous, superficial, continuous opening inwards. Woodwardia. Sori oblong, distinct, in rows, parallel, contiguous to the midrib: indusium membranous, superficial, vaulted, opening in- wards. Asplenium. Sori linear, placed upon lateral veins: indusium mem- branous, flat, separating inwardly. Scolopendrium. Sori linear, oblique, opposite, double, parallel: in- dusia membranous, opening in opposite pairs. Pteris. Sori continuous, linear, marginal: indusium from the in- flexed edge of the frond, opening inwards Hypopeltis. Fruit dots roundish, having a cup-form involucre be- neath, divided into 5 or 6 irregular segments: capsules all sessile. Vittaria. Sori solitary, continuous, linear, marginal or sub-margi- nal, immersed: indusium double, superficial. Adiantum. Sori inserted into the indusium, linear, contiguous, or roundish: indusium marginal, opening inwards, either nearly continu- ous, or squami-form or reniform. Cheilanthes. Sori dot-lik, separate, marginal, in the recess of the indusium: indusium either reflexed crenules of the frond, or squami- form, membranous, and arising from the margin, or nearly continuous, opening inwards. Dicksonia. Sori dot-like, marginal, solitary in the recesses of the frond: indusia membranous, nearly globose, marginal, adnate, opening, unequally with lacerated orifices and spreading back in all directions. Aspidium. Sori roundish, scattered: indusium solitary orbicular peltate, or reniform. CLASS XXI. SUB-ORDER 2, OF FILICES 91 Woodsia. Sori dot-like, scattered: indusium membranous, placed under the sori, somewhat cup-shaped and ciliated. IIymenophyli.u.m. Sori marginal, inserted upon a claviform recepta- cle: indusium erect, 2-valved. Tribe II. Osjhundaceae. Thecae without a ring, netted, pellucid, with radiating striae upon their lop, bursting lengthwise on one side. Osmunda. Sori nearly globose, alternately arising from the margin of a frond, which becomes changed into a panicle: thecae globose, stalked, netted, opening from their base as high as a pellucid dorsal projection: indusium none. Lygodium. Thecae oblong-ovate, striated at the end in a radiate manner, seated in two rows upon 1-sided marginal spikelets fixed by their backs and opening lengthwise in front: indusium funnel-form, covering up each capsule. Schizaea. Capsules top-form, partly opening by an oblong lateral pore; striate longitudinally and radiately, situated upon the back part of a narrow, spike-form appendage of the frond, surrounded with, or interspersed among, bundles of hairs: the appendages, bearing the capsules are generally digitate, and occupy the summit of the frond. Tribe III. Ophioglosseae. Thecae 1-cclled, adnateat base,roundish, coriaceous, opaque, without aring, not vascular, sometimes fastened together, half-bivalved. Botrychium. Thecae naked, globose, distinct, attached to the rachis of a compound spike, half 2-valved, opening nearly at one side. Ophioglossum. Thecae naked, connate in a distichous jointed spike, half 2-valved, opening at the side. Sub-Order 2. Equisetaceae. This order contains one genus only, which is among the most puzzling of all the anomalous formations which are so frequently met with among the lower orders of vegetation. Both the stems and branches are regularly articulated, and arise from a tubular sheath. There are no leaves, and the reproductive organs are arranged in a terminal spike, on all sides of which are inserted many peltate scales with several sides or angles. Several wedge-shaped hollow bodies, project from the sur- face of these scales and, bursting, inwardly discharge their contents, which are not yet well understood. They consist of a number of green roundish bodies surrounded by minute granules, and furnished at the base with foui elastic filaments thickened at their apex. EquisETtM. Fruit placed under peltate polygons, being pileus-like bodies, which are arranged in whorls, forming a spike-form raceme, 4 to 7 spiral filaments surround the seed, which resemble green globules. Fertile plants mostly leafless; the stems of all are jointed with tooth- ed sheaths at every joint, and usually longitudinally striated and hol- low. 92 CLASS XXI. ORDER II. MUSCI< Sub-Ordeb 3. Lycopodineae. The reproductive organs of these plants are always axillary, the ap- parently spiked arrangement which they occasionally present, being caused "by the partial abortion of the leaves, at the base of which they are seated: the thecae. the nature which is very doubtful, and which have accordingly been called by different writers capsules, conceptacu- la, ami cocci, are formed of from one to thiee valves, and of a similar number of cells, and contain either a mass of minute powdery granules or some corpuscles of a larger size. The nature and properties of both these are uncertain. Ltcopodium. Thecae reniform, 1-celled, 2-valved, with many spo- rules: sporules very minute, powdery: very leafy, their stems being generally covered with 2, 3, or 4 rows of narrow, simple, entire leaves. PsiLortM. Bernhardia. Thecae 3-coccous, 3-celled: cells opening upwards, half 2-valved: fruit in spikes. Sub-Order 4. Marsileaceae. Very few plants are found in this order, their vegetation is various; they are at most a few inches high, and are more or less aquatic: in Isoetes the leaves, those of a young rush: the organs of reproduction are always near the root, and are variable, and their nature is by no means understood: in Pilularia it consists of a roundish head, divided internally into 1-4 cells, each cell containing small bodies of two kinds: in Isotes the fructification is even less known and understood. Isoetis. Head membranous, not opening, immersed in the base of the frond, 1-celled: sporules angular, inserted upon many filiform re- ceptacles. fiLULARiA. Heads imbricated, solitary, nearly sessile, globose, co- riaceous, 4-celled: cells containing two kinds of bodies. Azolly. Monoecious. Staminate appendages by pairs contiguous: involucre sub-globose, resembling a 1-celled capsule: seeds numerous, naked. Sai.vi.ma. Involucre imbiicate, 4 to 9,connate, resembling a 1-celled capsule: seeds inserted on a central receptacle. Order II. Musci. Mosses are distinguished from all other associate plants, by the pe- culiar nature of the reproductive organs, which are of two kinds. The principal and the most obvious is the thecae, which is furnished with an operculum or lid, by means of which the sporules are retained in the thecae, and a colummella, or central axis, to which they are attached. The other consists of minute spherical pedicillated organs, concealed in the axils of some of the leaves, and called anthers by Hedwig: the thecae is either entire, or split into four valves. When it is young, it is enclosed in an indusium, which is torn asunder as the thecae is elon- gated, and being carried up with it, remains upon the summit of the thecae in the form of a little extinguisher, called calyptra; if the calyp- traisslitup one side, it is called dimidiate, if divided at the base into many short clefts, it is termed mitriform: the orifice of the theca when the operculum is removed, is either covered by a simple membrane, or by various processes called the peristome, either annular, or in the form CLASS XXI. ORDER III. HEPATICAE. 93 of teeth, and arranged in a single or double row. These processes va- ry in number, and in the manner of their division; from such differen- ces, excellent characters for the genera have been obtained. Genera selected for illustration. N. B. Throughout all the Phenogamous Classes, and the first Order of the Class Cryptogamia, all the well known and well defined genera and species of plants, indigenous to North America, are described. The general characters of the five remainining orders are given; but no more genera and species in these orders, are described, than appeared to be necessary for illustrating these characters. Theca entirely sessile; its receptacle stalked and without perichactial leaves. Sphagnum. Receptacle of theca stalked: peduncle resembling a fruit stalk: theca sessile on the receptacle: mouth naked. Theca more or less stalked: with perichactial leaves; not valvular. Theca terminal. Grimmia. Fruit-stalk terminal; peristome single, of 16 entire, or perforated, rarely cleft teeth: calyptre mitriform. Dicr\num. Fruit-stalk terminal: peristome single, of 16 bifid, equi- distant teeth: calyptre dimidiate. Funaria. Fruit-stalk terminal: peristome double, oblique; outer and inner ones, each of 16 teeth opposite to each other. Bryum. Fruit-stalk terminal: peristome double; outer one of 16 teeth; inner one of a membrane cut into 16 equal segments, with fili- form processes often placed between thern: calyptre dimidiate. Poi.ytrichum. Fruit-stalk terminal; peristome double: outer one of 32 or 61 equidistant incurved teeth; inner one of a dense, horizontal membrane connected with'the outer teeth: calyptre dimidiate. Theca lateral. Neckera. Fruitstalk lateral: peristome double: outer one of 16 teeth; inner one of 16 ciliary processes connected only at the bise by a short membrane: calyptre halved. Hypnum. Fruit-stalk lateral: peristome double: outer one of 16 teeth; inner of a membrane, cut into 16 equal segments, with filiform processes often between them: calyptra dimidiate. Order III. Hepaticae. This order is distinguished from Algae, with which it was formerly uni- ted by the nature ofthe theca and ofthe foliaceous frond which is never submersed, and which bears a greater affinity to that of Musci: from these Hcpatica differs in being destitute of an operculum or lid to the theca, and, with exception of Marchantia and Jungermannia, of a ca- lyptra. The order is composed of seven genera, all very different from each other, and forming an assemblage which is only natural in regard to the organs of vegetation: it does not appear possible to reconcile those of reproduction. The herbage consists of a variously dilated frond, lying flat upon the substance on which it grows, generally naked, but in many Jungermannies covered with small leaves, which are often di- vided, but never really nerved; so that, in fact, they should rather be considered dilatations of the frond. The substance is generally loosely 94 CLASS XXI. ORDER IV AND V. ALGAE AND LICHENES. cellular, sometimes compact, as in Marchantia, in which Hooker as- serts tha: pjres of the epidermis exist. Genera selected for Illustration. JuNGi.r.MANNi.Y. Theca 4-va!ved. supported on a peduncle longer than the calyx: valves free. Marj;i yniia. Theca on the under surface of a common peltate pe- duncukt'i receptacle: anthers imbedded in the disk of di; tinct peltate peduncu.ate or sessile receptacles. Rite iv. Theca spherical, immersed in the frond, (not opening) crowne.i with the style, which is alone protruded. Order IV. Algae. This order is constituted of the sca-weeds of the ocean, and of the floating scum-like substance of our ditches and rivers, called frogs spit- tle. Little is known of the functions, which what are called their re- productive organs perlbrm. the nature and structure of these organs are so various as io render it improbable that they should all be des- tined f;r the s.i.';ie purposes. The bodies which are called sporules, are variously situated: now filling distinct thecae or even tubercles, which are ether free or embeded in the substance of the frond; now appearing to be naked and surrounded by an involucre; new scattered or arranged in some determinate maimer in the interior of the frond: the froms are either cylindrical, cr plane, sometimes little more than a mere membrane, sometimes hard and bony, and extended to the length of many feet. Many are articulated: their line of separation is then called a joint, and the space between two joints an articulation. Prof. Agardh defines the order thus, "aquatic plants destitute of cotyledons and of reproductive organs, gelatinous, membranous, or coriaceous; fila- mentous, latninose, or even leafy; in color green, purple, or olivaceous; jointed 01 continuous; bearing spcridia (little transparent Louies, con- taining sporules, either included in pericarps, or scattered over the Burfiic.'.) Many are considered by some botanisis to be animalculae, and others to be ti;e young seedling plants of mosses. Genera selected for Illustration. Nostoc Individuals numeious. globular or filiform, suspended in gelatine of a dehnils torm. Frog-eggs. Cosi'/;tr.\. Filaments jjinted either externally or internally, sepa- rate, and not combined in any definite form. Ulva. Frond membranous, continuous, tubular or flattened, never ribbed, herbaceous, rarely purple: seed heaped or scattered granulations. Feces. Frond coriaceous, continuous, olive-green, flat or filiform; seed black in capsules, bordered or immersed. Order V. Lichenes. This, algae, and the collateral order Fungi, may be said to exhibit the lowest stage of vegetable developement, and to contain the simplest forms of wuich plants are susceptible. Indeed it seems that each is re- solved into the other when in the least stage of composition. Of this order, the lowest tribe, Pseudo-Licheiies, are considered Fungi by CLASS XXI. ORDER V. LICHENES. 93 some authors, and have been formed into distinct order by others, un- der the nans of iiypoxyla. Here it seems best to consider them Lichens. Tiie fructiueuiion is usually in the form of shielcts or cup like receptacles, dispersed over tiie seirface of the frond or tiiallts, and bear- ing various names according to their nature. Apothecia is the common term used to designate the fructification. Poiletia are the stalk-like processes of the frond, which bear ttie apotiiecia on their summit. Scyphoe are oe;p-h!;e apothecia. Cyphelloe are pale tLber-eular spots on the unie.r-side of the frond. Lacuuoe are smail hollows i i p.ts, on the upper surface of the frond. Soreelia are little heaps of tree p -iverulent bodies, mostly of a whitish color, placed on various parts of the frond. Pulvincli are spongy excrescnce-hke bodies, arising from ths1 irond and often iescni..ling minute trees. Nucleus, or kernel is a distinct carti- laginous bouy coming out entire from the apothecia, and containing sporuh s. Lamina is a distinct body, containing the spore.1 s separa- ting fro.a the apothecia, often very convex ana variable in form, and mostly dissolv.ug into a gelatinous mass. Apothecia oiff-ring in color from the rest of the plant, and formed of a distinct substance. Genera selected for Illustration. Gyro?hora. Plant foliaceous, coriaceous, or cartilaginous, peltate, mostly monophyllous, free beneath. Apothecia sub-s-cutolliiorm, ses- sile, or annate, covered with a black cartilaginous men.b.une; the disk warty or piaited on circles, or bordered. Lecanora. Plant crustaceous, spreading, adnate. plane, uniform. Apotiiecia shield-like, thick, adnate, and sessile, the disk piano convex, colored; border thickish, somewhat free, formed from the ciust, and the same color. Parmelia. Plant foliaceous, between coriaceous and membrana- ceous, spreading, appressed, orbicular, lobed. and stellate, variously di- vided, fibrous beneath. Apothecia shield-like, attached by a central point; the disk concave, colored, with a border formed from the crust. Borri'.ra. Plantcaitilaginous, branched, and laciniate; the segments free, channelled beneath, and ciliate at the margin. Apotiiecia shield- like, with a colored disk; the border formed from the frond. Cktkariy. Plant cartilagino-membranaceous, ascending, or spread* ing, lobed, smooth, and naked on both sides. Apotiiecia shield-like, obliquely adnate with the margin, ^.1 e disk colored, piano concave; bor- der inflexed, derived from the frond. Sticta. Plant foliaceous, coriaceo-cartilaginous, spreading, lobed, free and pubescent beneath, with little cavities or hollow spots. Apo- thecia shield like, fixed by a central point, the disk colored, plane; bor- der formed from the crust. Pei.tidea. Plant foliaceous, coriaceous, spreading, sub-adnate. Cenomy.e. General receptacle sub-cartilaginous, foliaceous. laciniate eub-imbricated, free, (rarely adnate, uniform, or wanting.) Apothecia or podetia orbicular, immarginate. at length capituliform, bearing thick colored masses of fructification. B/eomvces. Plant crustaceous, spreading, plane, adnata Apothe- cia on short, soft, solid, simple podetia, capituliform, solid, emarginate, colored, convex, reflexed at the margin. Usnea. Plant much branched, filiform, mostly pendulous, furnished 96 CLASS XXI. ORDER VI. FU.fOI. within with a bundle of clastic fibres. Apothecia orbicular, terminal, peltate, often ciliate at the bolder. , Order VI. Fungi. Fungi should be estimated as the lowest, in the scale of creation, of all organized beings. Some writers have even doubted their being any thinu- more than mere fortuitous developements of vegetable matter, produced by a kind of fermentation, or as a morbid oozing or swelling. The reproduction of liiushroons, for example, by sowing their laminae in garden beds, they consider as anala-.ous to the production of warts on the hands of one person, by sprinkling upon them the blood taken from warts on the hands of another. From some passages in the wri- tings of Fries, it would seem as if he considered the Algae, Lichenes, and Fungi, as consisting of the same beings, altered by the material on which they grow, and organized accoiding to the different elements up- on which they depend for support. Algae, he observes, (which are much extended in their native clement, water) when exposed to the air, contract and become lichens. The propel situation for the growth of Fungi, is on dead vegetable matter—that of Lichenes, upon living vegetation. Bark, which when living bears lichens, bears fungi as soon as it begins to decay. The same may be sometimes observed even on the same branch or stem. The number of Fungi, which may be conceived to exist, is incalcula- ble. In Sweden, in the small space of a quarter of a mile square, Fries discovered more than two thousand species of Fungi; while the same ground supported but 420 phenogamous plants, and but 430 of both Lichens and Algae. The essence of Fungi has been confined by authors, entirely to spo- rules, disposed in series in elongated tubular cells—which cells are situ- ated in some pait of the external surface. The part in which the repro- ductive organs are placed is called hymeidum—the hollow base from which the stipe arises is the volva or wrapper—the top or upper part is the pileus (cap or head)—under the pileus, within the head, or chief mass, are contained sporules enclosed in laminae, gills, or other parts of the more tender kind. Some Agarics have a delicate fringe, which had in a young state connected the pileus to the stem; this is called therciV, ring, an nidus. Whatever immediately enwraps the sporules, is called perisporium, perithecium, peridium; also by some more particular names, as laminae, &c. Genera selected for Illustration. Agaricus. Having a pileus with lamellar seed-beds. Sub-genera— Merulius. has veins for seed-beds—Da.dulia, lamellae so meeting as to form elongated pores.—(These are all called toad-stools.) Boletus. Seed-bed tubular. Tubes separable from the pileus and from each other. Pileus always with a central stipe. Hydnum. Seed-bed subulate, subulae loose. Clavaria. Plants carnose, cylindrical, simple or branched. Seed- bed smooth, occupying almost the whole surface, confluent with stipes. Morctiei.la. Pileus lacunose, confluent with the stipes either at the margin or a little above it. Seed-bed occupying the whole outer sur- face. CLASS XXI. ORDER VI. FUNGI. 97 Peziza. Pileus mostly carnose, sessile or stipitate, more or less cup- shaped at length. Sometimes plane. Seed-bed occupying the disk. Acinula. Rootless, smooth, with a distinct farinaceous granular coat. Nidularia. Common peridium simple, flocculent, furfuraceous, dis- appearing. Sporangia globose, with seeds in heaps in the middle. Sphaeria. Receptacle 0. Spherules sessile, or slightly immersed. Lycoperdon. Sporangium globose. Peridium single, membranace- ous, scaly, with warts or soft spines bursting irregularly at the apex, and containing a mass of seeds and filaments. Bovista. Sporangium globose. Peridium double; the outer one ad- nate, cracking, somewhat fugaceous; inner one bursting at the apex, and containing a mass of filaments and pedicellated seeds. Geastrum. Globose, sessile. Involucrum coriaceous, stellate. Pe- ridium membranous. Seeds on stalks from the first. Mucor. Peridium membranaceous, globose stipitate, pellucid, at length opake. Pedicle simple or branched, tubular, articulated. Racodujm. Thallus composed of branched, decumbent, interwoven, persistent, sub-opake filaments, among which are sometimes granules of moniliform filaments. Aspergillus. Thallus composed of minute, pellucid, scattered or tufted filaments, apex of the main filament mostly clavate, on which is a head of (often beaded,) seeds. Genera, having some species, which depart from the class or order to which most of the species belong. Directions.—After tracing a plant through the class and order in which its artificial character would place it. and finding no generic de- scription agreeing with it; try it through the class and order to which one or more of these anomalous genera will refer it, by the alphabetical arrangement of the genera, where the species are described. Anomalous or straggling genera. Class I. Order I. Scirpus. Cyperus. Order II. Uniola. Saccharum. Class II. Order I. Salicornia. Cunila. Schoenus. Scirpus. Verbena. Hedeoma. Senna. Crypta. Order II. Holcus. Festuca. Saccharum. Class III. Order I. Juncus. Galium. Oryzopsis. Queria. Order II. Zanthoxylon. Stellaria. Eriocaulon. Queria. Class IV. Order I. Convallaria. Cardamine. Prinos. Caly- menia. Euonymus. Order II. Sanguisorba. Cuscuta. Swertia. Oldenlandia. Gen- tiana. Morus. Juglans. Thuja. Galium. Order IV. Proserpinaca. Myriophyllum. as Class V. Order I. Queria. Prlnos. Polygonum. Ledum. Gen- tiana. Cassia. Passiflora. Lycium. Order II. Polygonum. Scleranthus. Salix. Quercus. Order III. Polygonum. Arenaria. Hypericum. Order V. Spergula. Cerastium. Class VI. Order I. Trientalis. Laurus. Lythrum. Corydalis. Polygonum. Class VII. Order III. Polygonum. Class VIII. Order I. Aesculus. Vaccinium. Gaultheria. Po- lygala. Populus. Order II. Myriophyllum. Class IX. Order III. Lechea. Class X. Order I. Geranium. Betula. Jeffersonia. Asclepias. Portulacca. Order II. Chrysosplenium. Quercus. Order III. Castanea. Acalypha. Jatropha. Order V. Portulacca. Geranium. Drosera. Class XII. Order I. Jeffersonia. Taxus. Order XIII. Zostera. Class XIII. Order I. Lycopus. Monarda. Salvia. Collinso- nia. Linnaea. Order II. Catalpa. Gratiola. Elytraria. Class XV. Order V. Anagallis. Lysimachia. Linum. Peta- lostemon. Order VIII. Polygala. Cardiospermum. Order X. Oxalis. Order XIII. Pinus. Class XVI. Order V—VIII. Gleditschia. Order X. Baptisia. Cercis. Virgilia. Cassia. Class XVIII. Order V. Asclepias. Acerates. Apocynum. Passiflora. Order X. Calla. Arum. Zostera. Class XIX. Order VI. Celtis. Veratrum. Querucs. Betula. Class XX. Order V. Vitis. Order VI. Helonias. APPENDIX TO THE GENERA. Refer to thefollowyng with the pen, from thepage SfC., set down here. Page 28, to follow Stipularia. Polychnemum. Calyx 3-leaved: petals calyx-like: capsule 1-seeded, membranous, not opening, covered by the calyx. Stamens 1 to 5. S. Page 29, to follow Spartina. Vaginaria. Spike ovate, calyx-like scales imbricated on all sides, acuminate: corol 0: stigmas 3: seed surrounded at the base with 3 scales and three bristles. S. Page 30, to follow Stipa. Piptartherum. Calyx membranous, longer than the corol, which is cartilaginous and oval: lower valve awned at the tip: nectary ovate, en- tire: seed coated. Aristida. Calyx 2-valved, membranous, unequal: corol 2-valved, pedicelled, sub-cylindric; lower valve coriaceous, involute, 3-awned at the tip; upper valve very minute or obsolete: nectary lateral. Page 31, to follow Trichochloa. . Arundo. Calyx 2-valved, unequal, membranaceous, susrounded with hair at the base; lower valve mucronate or awned. Page 34, to follow Arundinajia. Eriocoma. Calyx 2-valved, 1-flowered; valves gibbous; larger than the corol, 3-nerved, cuspidate: corol coriaceous, woolly; outer valve Dichromena. Spike in a head, involucred: scales imbricated all sides: corol 0: seed sub-lenticular, rugose, tipped with permanent style. Page 34, to follow Mollugo. Monti a. Calyx 2-3-leaved: petals 5, sub-connate at the base, A smal- ler: stamens on the claws of the petals: capsule 1-celled. Page 36, to follow Ptelea. Krameria. Calyx 0: corol 4-5-petalled: nectary 4-leaved: drupe prickly. Page 37, to follow Ilex. Nemopanthus. Calyx scarcely perceptible: petals 5, sub-linear, e*- ducous: germs hemispheric: style 0, stigmas 4: berry 4-celled. Page 42, to follow Gentiana. Cuscuta. Calyx 4 or 5-cleft: corol 4 or 5-cleft, somewhat bell-form, withering: capsule 2-celled: seeds binate. Page 44, to follow Conium. . Atrema. Calyx 5-toothed: petals emarginate, division inflated: frm* sub-globose, with 5 prominent ribs. Discopleura. Calyx with 5 subulate teeth: petals ovate, entire, folded at the apex: fruit ovate, 5-ribbed; seed teretish. 100 APPENDIX TO THE GENERA. Page 45 to follow Heraclium. Polytaema Calyx 5-toothed: petals oval, emarginate, divisions in- flexed, fruit oval, compressed, smooth, margin tumid, having a pair of dorsal fillets between the seeds. Trepocarpus. Calyx with five subulate teeth: petals obcordate, with infled margins: fruit angular pyramids, filletted within. Page 48, after Floerkea. Cleome. Polanisia. Calyx 4-leaved inferior: petals 4, ascending to one side: a gland at each subdivision of the calyx, but the lowest: sta- mens 6 to 20 or more: capsule silique-like. May be known by its nau- ceous odor. Page 71, to follow Dolichos. Galactia. Calyx 4-toothed, 2-bracted: petals oblong; banner in- cumbent: stigma obtuse: germ stiped: legume terete: seeds roundish, numerous. Page 75, to follow Bidens. Polypteris. Calyx many-leaved, spreading, with colored leafets: receptacle naked: egret chaffy, about 12-valved. Page 85, to follow Ceratiola. Borya. Staminate flowers—calyx 4-leaved: corol 0: stamens 2 or 3. Pistillate flowers—stigma capitate: berry 1-seeded. S. ABBREVIATIONS FOR SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS. N. B. Students must often read these abbreviations, icords, and expla- nations, to the teacher. This exercise will aid them in pronunciation, mean- ing of words, and the abbreviations. a—acu'te: terminating in an angle. ab—above': upper side or end, uppermost. abr—abor'tive: not producing ripe fruit. ac—acu'minate: a point inclining to one edge; an abrupt point. ag—ag'gregated: heaped, several united. al—alter'nate: one above another on opposite sides. am—a'ment: having a series of scale calyxes, on a rachis. an—an'gle: lateral ridges, or terminating points. ap—appress'ed: as if closely pressed together. apx—approximate: near, approaching. ar—ar'rowform: having acute hind lobes; not heartform. arm—armed: having spines, bristles, &c. as—ascen'ding, assur'gent: rising in a slope* au—au'ricled: having ear-like processes. av—alve'olate: honey-comb like; pitted. ax—ax'il, axillary: meeting of leaf and stem; arm-pit-like. B. b—beard: parallel coarse filaments; tendril-like. bar—barren: not producing ripe seed. be—bene'ath: below, inferior, under side. ber—ber'ry, berry-like: as the calyx of wintergreen. bl—bell'form: shape of church bell. br—broad, broader than: wider than midling. brh—branch: a limb of a tree, weed, &c. branching. brs—bris'tle: stiff, strong hair. * bt—bract: leaf adjoining a flower, and of peculiar form. bu—bulb, bulbif'erous: root-like buds; as of onions, lilies. C. c—ca'lyx: leaf-cup of a flower. ca—ca'ryophyl'lous: pink-like. cap—capil'lary: thread-like, hair-form. cau—cau'line, caulis: (stems not of grass) as of trees, grapes, ces—ces'pitose: growing as in turfs; many together. 102 ABBREVIATIONS. ch—chaff, chaffy: like chaff or husks. cil—cil'iate: resembling eye-lashes; hairy edges of leaves. cl—co'lored: not green. cli—climbing: ascending on various supports. els—clasp'ing: closing partly around stem. cm—campan'ulate: bell-form. Cmb__co'rymb: umbel-like at top only, unequal below. cn—con'nate: growing base to base. Co—corol: colored blossom. com—com'pound: several florets, or leaves, united. cor—cor'date: heart-form. Cp_Compress'ed, close-prest, compact: as if squeezed together. cps—cap'sule: common dry pericarp, mostly opening by valves. cr—coria'ceous, cartiligenous: togh and strong, leathery. crd—crow'ded, confert: in a dense heap. cre—cre'nate: with roundish notches. crp—creep'ing: rooting and running on the surface. cru—cru'eiform: position of flowers cross-form. cs—cus'pidate: sharp-pointed. ct—cap'itate: head-form, in heads. cu—cu'neiform: wedge-form, pointed at the stem. cv—conni'ving, conver'ging: approaching. cy—cyl'inder: elongated and roundish. D. d__down'v covered with soft hairs. dc__-l•"• ' 'bent, declined: lying down, bent downwards. de__decur'rent: leaf running down the stem at its edges. dec—de'eompound: doubly compound. dg—dig'itate: finger-shaped. di__divis'ion, divided: any sections of leaves or other organs. die—dichot'omous: forked. die__dioe'eious: stamens and pistils on different plants. div—'lverg'ing: spreading gradually. dk__disk, dis'coid: as the middle of sunflowers. dn—dentate: indented, toothed. E. e—erec't: standing upright. ec—ech'inate: prickly, like hedghog. el—elon'gated: lengthened out. em—emar'ginate: notched in the end. en__enti're: not notched. eq—e'qual: all parts agree. ex—exsert': sticking out, projecting. F. f_flow'er: whether compleat or not. fel—fal'cate: one-edged sword. fas—fas'cicle: a bundle. fer__fer'tile: ripening fruit; producing ripe seed fi__fil'ament, filiform, fibrous: thread-like. fl—flex'uose, flexible: zigzag, bending. ABBREVIATIONS. 103 fr—frond: leaf and stem united. frg—ferru'ginous: russet-color; reddish yellow. fru—fruit, fruc'tifica'tion: fruit-bearing organ. fs—fasti'giate: level top; fun—fun'nellorm: shape of a tunnel. fur—fur'row: a strong groove. fu—fu'siform: spindle-shaped. G g—-gla'brous: sleek, often shining. gh—gash, gashed : divided as if cut. gl—glau'cous: seagreen mealiness. gld—gland, glan'dular: roundish masses. glm—glom'erule: united in roundish heaps. glo—glo'bose, glob'ular: sub-spheroid. glu—glume, gluma'ceous: chaffs, husks. gm—germ, germina'tion: seeds rudimental or growing. gui—guitar-form: oblong, with contracted sides. H h—hair'y. more or less covered with hair. hd—head, headform: somewhat spherical. hem—hemisphere: half a sphere. her—herba'ceous: not woody, hir—hir'sute: rough-haired. his—his'pid: with prickly hairs. hr—heartform: shape of heart spots; not arrow-form. hy—hy'pocraterafor'mis: salver-form. I i—in'fundibilifor'mis: tunnel-form. im—im'bricate: like a shingled roof. in—infe'rior: below, under. inc—hicis'ion: sharp cut or gash, in appearance. inf—infla'ted: as if blown up. int—interrupted: large and small alternating leaves, &c. inv—involu'cre: a leafy calyx at a distance below the coroL K k—kid'neyform: called reniform. ke—keel, keeled: having a keel-like base. L 1—leaf, leafet, leaved: most spreading part of herbage. la—la'biate: like lips of some animals. le—legu'me: pea pod-like, having no partition lengthwise. lg—length, longer than: used in compaiison. li—hn'ear: long, with nearly equal width. 11—lilia'ceous: like lily flowers. In—lanceo'late: shape of Roman lance. 104 ABBREVIATIONS. lr—large, larger than: used in comparing. lo—lo'bed, lobe: divided into roundish parts. It—lat'eral: on one side; or one-sided. Iy—ly'rate: pinnatifid, with a large end division. M m—mu'ricate, mucronate: covered or tipped with prickles. mo—monoe'cious: in two flowers, on the same plant. mr—margin: edge of leaf, &c. sometimes thickened. my—many: more than 4, or than usual. N n—nerve, nerved: with fibres from the base, spreading outward. na—na'ked: without usual covering; as of capsule, hairs, leaves. ne—nec'tary: organs bearing honey; or unusual organs in flowers. no—nod'ding: bending down; not upright. nr—nar'row, narrower than: used in comparison of organs. nm—numerous: many, more than 4. nu—neu'tral: neither stamens nor pistils in the floret. O o—o'vate: egg-shaped; form of an egg split lengthwise. ob—obo'vate: egg-shaped, pointing to stem with its small end. oc—obcor'date: heart-form, pointing to stem with its small end. ol—ob'long: lengthened, edges parallel, or nearly so. os—ob'solete: as if worn out in general appearance. 0t—obtu'se: rounded at the end. op—op'posite: base against base; applied to leaves, &c. or—orbic'ular: somewhat circular. ov—o'val, an ellipse in general form. P p—pis'til, pistilate flowers: the central organ, or having no stamem. pa—pair, paired: two and two. pal—pal'mate: hand form. par—partition, parted: separation in capsules, corols, &c. pd—pe'duncle: flower stem, not a scape. pe—pe'tiole: leaf-stem. ped—pe'date: like a bird's foot. pel—pel'tate: shield-like by position of stem. pen—pentan'drous: 5-stamened. per—per'fect flowers: having stamens and pistils ph—pe'rianth: calyx adjoining corol, or stamens. pk—prickly: covered with prickles. pn—pan'icle—as oats in flower, and red-top grass. pnd—pen'dant: hanging down. pnt—pin'nate, pinnatifid: appear as if pinnate, or winged. pol—pol'ygam'ous: monoeceious, dioecious, and perfect. pr—pe'ricarp: organ enclosing seed, as capsules, pods, &c. prf—perfoliate: through the leaf. ABBREVIATIONS. 105 prt—pros'trate, procumbent: lying on the ground. pt—pe'tal: leaf of corol. pu—pubes'cent: hairy. Py—pyr'amid: top-shaped, with the apex upwards. Q q—qui'nate: in fives, 5-parted. R r—race'me, racemed: as a bunch of currants. ra—ray-floret, rayed: as edging of sunflowers. rac—ra'chis: as the receptacle of wheat-heads. rad—rad'ical: from the root. ram—ramo'se: branch, branching. re—recurved: bent, or curved backwarks. rd—round: somewhat globular. re—retu'se. repand: notched or indented at the end. rec— recep'tacle: end of a peduncle, or other fruit-stem. ren—re'niform: kidney-shape. rh—rhomb'oid: diamond-shape. rg—rugo'se, rugged, rough: harsh to touch. rn—ringent: grinning. ro—root, rooting: the supporting base; rooting as it runs. rt—remote: distant. run—run'cinate: lion-toothed, as dandalion leaf rx—reflex'ed: bent backwards. S s—sta'men, stam'inate flower: having no pistil; fertilizing organs. sab—sa'breform: like a one-edged sword. sb—sub'ulate: awl-shaped. sc—scattered: in no regular order. sea—sca'brous: scaly roughness. SCp—scape: radical flower-stem—proceeding from the root. se—seta'ceous: bristle-form. seg—seg'ment: a part divided off. Sg—sprouting, shooting, sarment: sending off shoot. sh—short, shorter than: used in comparison. she—sheath, sheathing: as base of grass-leaves. si—sim'ple, single: only one. sin—si'nuate: rounded divisions. sk—spike, spikelet: florets on a rachis, or elongated receptacle. si—sol'itary, single: one alone. biii—sometimes, somewhat: not perfectly. sml—small, smaller than: used in comparison. so—smooth, smoothish: not generally sleek. sp—spine, spinose: thorny; having woody spines. spa—spathe, spathaceous: membraneous, calyx below the flower. sph—sphe'rical, spheroid: globular or ronudish. spr—spreading: branching off, rapidly diverging. Spt—spat'ulate: like a case knife, wide at the end, si—ser'rate, serrature: like saw-teeth. 106 ABBREVIATIONS. st—stem, stalk: a culm, caulis, &c. ss—ses'sile: without any stem. stg—stigma: tip ofthe pistil. sti—sti'pule: peculiar leaf at bottom of petiole. Bub—somewhat, a little: used to diminish. buc—suc'culent: thick and juicy. sup—supe'rior: above, or on the top of. T t—tere'te: tapering. ta—ta'pering; same as terete. ten—ten'dril: a fibrous climber. ter—ter'nate: in threes. th—thorny, thorn: woody spires. tm—ter'minal: at the end or top. to—tooth, toothed: notched irregularly. torn—tomento'se: cottony. tri—trian'drous: 3-stamened. tru—trun'cate: as if cropped off. tu—tur'binate: top-shaped. U u—um'bel: umbrelly like; peduncles from one place. un—under: below, under side. up—upper: uppermost, upper side. V v—villo'se: soft hairy. va—valve: chaff, side of capsule. ve—veiny: branching fibres of leaves. vo—volu'te: rolled. W w—without, wanting, not, none: universal negative. wd—wedge'form: wedge pointing to stem. wh—wheel'form: border without tube. wi—wing, winged: spreading on opposite sides. wr—whorl: surrounding stem, whether leaves or flowers. N. B. All the words abbreviated are to be used as nouns, adjectives, participles, &c. according to the sense. SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN PLANTS, ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY THE GENERA. Aca'cia. 15—10. 93. Gr. akakia, from akazo to sharpen. 1 farricsia'na, y. Tp. sp: 1 2-pn; It 8-pa: sk glo, ss. le fu. 10 f. S. 2 lu'tca, y. Ju. 2f. unarm, g: 1 2-pnt: 1 nm, ol-li: sk sub-glo, si: pd ax, lg: le ob. Ir. S cool'eyi, w. 2_f. 1 bipnt, leli, el, so: sk ct. Acal'ypha. 19—15. 96. Gr. a notkalos agreeable and aphe to touch. 1 virginica, O. g. Au. 0. h: p at base of sk: inv hr-o, ac, to: 1 sh-pe ln-ol, re obt sr. 10 i. 2 car'oliniana, O. g. Ju. 21. 1 In ov, ac, lg-pe, a sr, n, cor at base: fru brh na: cps ec. 18 1. Acer. 8—1. 66. Lat acer hard or sharp, for pikes. 1 rubrum, red maple, O. r. Ap. Tp. pal, 5-lo. cor, uneq gh-to, gl be, inc between lo a: f, ss u, lg pd; gm g. 50 f. 2 da'sycarpum, white maple, O. g-y. Ap. Tp. 1 pal 5-lo, tru, uneq gash- to, g gl be, ob sin: glm; ped short: gm d. 50 f. 3 barbatum, hairy maple, w-g. Ap. Tp. 1. hr-o, short 3-lo, uneq sr, gl be, hn: pdh, s brh, psi: c b within: wings of cps e. Small 15 f. 4 sachari'num, sugar maple, O. r-y. M. Tp. 1 pal-5-lo, sub-cor, ac, obt sin, to, gbe: no cmb. 50 f. 5 ni'grum, black maple, y. Ap. ^>. 1 pal 5-lo, cor sin base closed, lo spr, sm sin-to, d be: fcmb: cps turgid, sub-glo. 50 f. 6 striatum, striped maple, O. g. M. Tp. lower 1 rnd, upper 3-cs a, sr, g: r si, pnd. 15 f. 7 spicatum, mountain maple O. A. y-g. M. Tp 1 sub-5-lo, a, to, pu be: r com, e. 15 f. 8 negundo, ash maple, M. Tp. 1 pin ter, uneq sr. F di. 40 f. 9 macrophyllum, g-y. Ap. Tp. ldg5-lo; sinus rnd, lo sm 3-lo, rep to, hbe: re: fil 9, hir. 40 f. 10 cir'cina'tum, 1 or, sub-cor 7-lo, uneq a-to, g both sides, n ve h ax. 11 glabrum, lrnd, 5 7-lo, tr lo a to, g both sides: cmb ped: fru g. o o div wings. Acer'ates. 18—5. 47. Gr. a without and keras horn. 1 vir'idiflo'ra, green milkweed. E. g. Ju. 2f. st si, e, hir; 1 ln-obg, obt, sub-ss, d-hirboth sides; u lat, si, sub-ss, no, sub-glo, dense f: no horn in ne. Dry. 3 f. I lan'ceola'ta, g. Ju. 2f. s dc, hir: 1 In, a, sub-ss: u hir, It, si, ss, §ub- glo, dense-f, no: no little horn in ne. Dry sandy. 30 i. 108 ACERATES, ADIANTIUM. 3 lon'gifo'lia, w-r. iM. 2f. st dc: 1 al, li: u lat, e: ne short: no little horn in ne. 2 f. 4 nuttall'ia'na, 2f sml,de, hir: lol, o, sc, short pe: uter: ne en, cp: pol len short: no horn in ne. 6 i. 5 obovuta, 21- lob, obt, m, torn un: u sub-ss, ter ax. 2—3 f. Yarrow. A'chille a. 17—2. 55. From a Greek physician, Achilles. 1 mill'vfo'lium, O. w. J. 21. 1 2-pin, d: di li, to, m: c st fur. 15 1. 2 ptarmica, sneeze-wort. w. Au. 21. Hi, ac, cq s, g. Damp. 15 i. 3 setucea, W. Ap. 2f. 1 bipin: 1 se-li, m, pilose, cru: cmbcom, fs. 18i. 4 tomentosu. y. J. 2f. 12-pin. v; di cr, ln-li, en: cmbcom. 5 asplcnifol'ia, r. 2f • rad 1 2-pin, cau gh di o, sr-m ob. Achyra.n'thes. 15—5. 30 Gr. achurou chaffy and anthos a flower. 1 repens, forty knot. 2f. st prs, h; 1 op, pe, In: f ss o ax lid. 2 flcoi'dca, Ju. 2f- st crp, g: 1 br-ln. pe: f sph, pu lid. Acmella. 17—2. 55. Gr. acme point. 1 repens, y. S. 2f. st crp: 1 ln-o, to, 3-n, sub-pu: pd ax ter, lg, l-£ 18 i. 2 oc'cidenta'lis, st crp, sub-pu: 1 o, ere, os 3-n, so, pe:pd ax, c minute. 3i. Acni'da. 20—5. 29. Gr. a without and knidc a nettle or sting. 1 can'nabi'na, water hemp. L. w-g. Ju. Q. lln: cp so, a-an. Damp. 3£ 2 ruscocar'pu, w-g. Ju. 0. 1 ln-ov: cp rg, ob-an. «Damp. Aco.niti'm, 12—5 61. Gr. akonea chffor rugged rock. 1 uncina'lum, monk's hood. b. J. 2f. st fl: lpal, 3-5-par: di rh-In, gh-to: up lip lg, beaked. 2 f. 2 napellus, wolf's bane. b. J. 2f. 1 5-par; di 3-par gh inc, sub-di In: up lip In, as, 2-cleft; spur strait, ot. 2 f. 3 nostrum, nee e, spur arched: helmet conic, beak no: r sub-pn: di lbr. A'corus, 6—1. 7. Gr. a without and kore the pupil ofthe eye. 1 cal'amus, sweet flag, O. g-y. J. 21 sk protruding from scp. Water. 2 £ Acrostichuji, 21—1 5. Gr. akros highest and stikos order. 1 aureum, Ju. 2f. fr pnt: 1 sti, bases wd, ln-ol, en, ac; up fru. 4f. Actaea. 12—1. 61. from Acteon a hunter of antiquity. 1 rubra, O. w. M. 21. pt sh s, a: pd w lr. Ber red. 2 fl 2 alba, O. w. M. 21- pt eqs, tru: pd ol r Iras general pd, 1 dc. 2 f. 3 po1 doc a'pa, 21. gm 4-5, g, r pn: 1 dc. 4 cordifolia, 2f. gm 2-3, g, ss: rpn. 1 in threes; seg cor at base, 5 to7-lo, sr. Actinel'la, 17—2. 55. A diminutive of Actinea, ofaktin a ray. 1 lana'ta, y. J. 2f. d 1 li, pnt ab: pd el, 1-f: r 2-to: seed g, 5-an. 2 acau'lis, y. J. l[. h scp 1-f, na: 1 li-spt, en: ry 8 to 10: ch of egret 5 to 7, o, sh-awned. 6 i. Actinomeris. 17—3. 55. Gr. aklin a ray and mcris part. 1 squarro'sa, w. y. 2f. st e, winged, pu and pn ab: 1 In, sr, sea: c spr, loose: rec sub-glo, 2 helianthoi'des, y 1 In, a, sr, un v: cmb si, cp. wi. 3 alata, 1 o, ac, sr, 3-n, op, de. 4 pauciflora,sil 1 ol ol-o, sr, dec: pd few-f, lg na. Adian'tum, 21—1. 5. Gi. a not and diaino to moisten. 1 pedatum, maiden hair. O. J. 2£. fr ped, pn brh: 1 halved; up rcr gh bar seg to, fer en: s g. ADONIS, AGROSTIS. ,qq Ado'nis. 12—13. 61. From Adonis the favorite of Venus. . autumna'hs pheasant's eye. Au. #. T5 8.pt: fru sub-cy: pt em. E. Adox'a. 8—4 84. Gr. a not and doxa glory. 1 moschatel'lina, g. pd 4-f: fiin pa at base: anth rd. S- Ae'gilops. 3—2. 10. Gr. aigos, goat and ops appearance. 1 hystnx,21. sk with, lg re awns; c so, 4-par to base: seg 2-cleft, uneq 2-awned: sk4-f, va of co tm by 2 or 3 uneq awns. 6—8. i. Afschynom'ene. 16—10. 93. Gr. aischanomai to be bashful. 1 hispid:,,-y-r. Ju. 0.xspe his: 1 in m pa; Hi, ot: r si, few-f: 1 his, Z viscid a!a, y. 21. st prt, viscid-h: 1 7 or 9 ob: pd 2-f: 1 h. 3 f. S 3 glabcr'rima, g: st e, t: 1 li. 30—35 pa: pd few f: le g pte; 12 it Ae'sculus. 7—1. 66. Lat. esca food. Horsechesnut. 2. 1 glabra, y. w Tp. 1 in fives, g: co 4-pt, spr; claws las c: s lo-Co. 2 kippocas'tanum, r. y. w. J. Tp. cap pk: co 5-pt: 1.7. wd-ob, a, to; f. pte.. 3 ohioen'sis, w. Tp. cps pk: 1 5, ov-ac, to g: f nm, r. Buck-eye. 4 pallida, Tp. cps pk: co4-pt, spr: claw sh c: s twice lg as co: 1 5. Pa'via. S. G. Lat. peacock, from its ocellate feathers. 1 macrosta'chya, w. Ap. Tp. s. lg 4-pt co: rvery lg: 1 5. S. 2 rubra, b-r Tp. s sh than 4-pt co: 1 5, ax of n h be. 3 hybrida, w-r. Tp. s'sh than 3-pt co: pt g; 1 5, ol-ov, ac at ends pu. 4 flava, w. y. Tp. s sh 4-pt co: pe h, 15 to 7, ol, a at both ends; n h. 5 dis'color, w. y. r. M. Tp. lin 5 di, ac at each end, d be. 4 f. 6 lutea, y. March. Tp. 1 in 5 di, h; 4-pt claws lgc. AetHusa. 5—2. 60. Gr. aithcusa, beggarly. Foolparsley. 1 divaricata, w. 0. st e, 1 biter; seg li: u tm, w inv; u 3 to 5 f. fru his. 2 lep'tophyl'la, r. w. #. 1 biter, gh; m of a seg en: u 3-par, ss; u na, few-f. 3 pinna'ta, 1 cut pnt; seg in few pa, li, en, tm one very lg: fru ol. 4 cynapium, 1 all pnt: 1 pnt, shining. Agaricus. From Agaria, (a city in Sarmatia.) Mushroom. 1 procerus, br d fleshy, bossed scaly, reddish-as h cl lamellae rt white stipe bu lg, ring movable. 2 campestris, pileus fleshy, with scales dark yellow: lamella yellow red; stipe sh. Eratable museroon. Aga've. 6—1. 15. Gr. agavos, admirable. 1 virginica, y-g. S. 21- w. st: 1 with cr sr: scp si. Agrimo'nia. 11—2. 92. Gr. agros a field and monos alone. 1 eupato'ria, O. y. Ju. 21. • cau 1 int pnt, thetmlpe: fru his. 2 parviflo'ra, y. Ju 21. cau 1 pnt: 1 In, sr: tm ss; pt lg c. 3 striata, 2f • sk wand-like- fru rx, tu, fur; at the apex crowned his. 4 suaveolens, y. Ju. 21 • st his 1 int pnt; 1 nm, sea ab, and pu be 5 f A'gropy'ron. 3—2. 10. Gr. agros a field, puros wheat. Quack-grass. 1 repens, O. J. 21 • ol, 5-f: glu sb, my-n: fac: ro and st cr. 2 f. 2 caninum, 2f- sk 3 to 5-f, cp: glu 3 to 5-n, brs: f brs at tip: ro fi. 2 f. A'grostem'ma. 10—5. 82. Gr. agros field stemma, garland. 1 githago, O. r. J. 0. hir: c lg co: pt en. Cockle. 2 corona'ria, rose campion. Au. $. torn: 1 ln-o: pt em. E. Agros'tis. 3—2. 10. Gr. Agros a field. Red-top, bonnet grass. 1 stricta, J. 2_f. pn el, ceq: co sml than c, va, w-eq base awned. 2 vulga'ris, O. J. 2f. pn so brh, spr va of co 3-n: sti sh, tru. 18 i. 3 alba, O. J 21. pn his, spr br: va of co 5: sti ol. 18 i. florin. 4 lat'eriflo'ra, Au. 2f- culm e, br ab, pn It and tm: c ac, co lgc, eq, h at base* Ro cr. 2 f. 10 , . 110 AGROSTIS, ALLIUM. 5 sobolifera, Au. 2f • st sg sm de at base; brh cp: co lg'eq c, h at base. 6 tenuiflo'ra, Ju. 2f. culm si, h at jt brh cp, sti os; co lg c. 7 sylvatia, A. 2f. culm e, brh, so g? pn fi brh: co lgc: awns 3 lg. 8 comprcssa, 2f. g: culm e, cp, si: pn ol, c eq, sh co, a. St sg. 18 i. 9 sero'tina, 21. culm fi, cp: 1 nr, ke, e: brh cap, e, al brh: c uneq, half lg co. 18 i. 10 juncca, Oc. 2f. 1 e, se, convo: pn lg-py wr: c halflgco. 2 f. 11 virginica, 2f? culms sub-ces, nm, prt base as ab: 1 die, invo, rigid: pnlttm, skit: c with eq va eq co. No sti. 12 longifolia, 21 • pn sk, co lg c, sub-eq, g, 1 fi, lg re tip. 3 f. 13 clandes'tina, 21- pn sk, co uneq, lg c, h: sti b. 2 f. 14 spi'ca-ven'ti, bent-grass. J. 0. pn spr: awn of outer pt stifly e, lg. 15 canina, Ju. 21, culm pr, sub-ram: c el: pt re awns on backs. t 16 arachnoides, Ap." 2f. st e: pnlg, c lg co; outer pt web-like awn. 6 i. 17 trichopodes, pn lg, cap: va coeq; outer with sh awn: Hi, flat. 3 f. 18 dispar, e, lg: pn loose, in wr py, my-f: glu, w awn, va inner sml. 19 pauciflora, Ju. 21". pn fi, 1-f brh: co awned, lg uneq c, hir: she v. 18 i. 20 cryptandria, J. pn py spr, sub-al brh, h at ax: f sub-r va of c sh; up lgeq co: she b at throat. 3 f. 21 airoides, T. pn py, brh sm in pa, spr; naax: fsl, w arm; glu uneq, sh eq co: she b at throat. 22 caespito'sa, culm brh, 1 invo, sub-die, pn cp: f awned. 4 i. 23 brevifolia, 1 sh cp ces culms: pn al, cp r: c eq, half as lg as co. 1 f. Ai'ra. 3—2. 10. Gr. deadly instrument. 1 flexuosa, O. J. 2f. p» spr, brhfl: c sh f, lg awn: 1 se: culm na. 20 i. 2 caespitosa, J. 2[. pn spr: fig c: awn sh, 1 flat. 18 i. Wet. 3 aristulata, Au. 2f. pn cap, spr: brh wr fl: c 2-f, sh f: sup f pd. 4 pumila, J. 2f. pn sml, fs, few-f: pd sh: f awnless, ot lg c, m va. 5 capillacea, pn cap lr, f w awn, lg c: one onToot-st. 8 i. S. 6 obtusata, M. 2f. 1 flat: pn cp: f so, ot; va of c tru. 7 aquatica, 21 • pn spr half wr: f w b, ot, so, lg c: 1 flat: culm crp. A'juga. 13—1. 42. Gr. a privative and zugon a yoke, not paired. 1 cha'maepi'thys, y. J. 0. 13fid: f ax, si, sh 1: st div. Alchemil'la. 4—I. 92. Celebrated by the alchemists. 1 alpina, w. 21.. 1 dg sr, white be. Ladies mantle. Ale'tris. 6—1. 16. Gr. acliar, meal. False aloe. 1 farinosa, y. 2I« w t 0. s: 1 li-ln: scp al pd. 2 aurea, y. Ju. 21 • f sub-ss, sh, sub-cm; fer co rg, very sea: 1 In a. Alishia. 6—13. 13. Celtic, alis, water. Water plantain. 1 planta'go, O. w. Ju. 21. 1 o or hr-o, ot ac, 5 to 9-n: f wr. 2 natans, Ju. 21"• 1 o, ot: pd si. Allio'nia. 4—1. 34. Allioni, an Italian botanist. 1 albida, Ap. #? lop, ol-ln, sub-sea: pd op, si and glm inv 5-cleft. 2 nyctagyn'ia, Ju. 2f- st e: 1 br-cor, a, g: pd si: fru c sub-hir, sml briny. 3 ovata, Au. %£. st, die: 1 o, sea or na: f tm, fas-r: inv half 5-cleft; di rd, a, net-ve. 4 linearis, st e, t: 1 li, sub-fleshy: f r; peag: s very ex. 5 hirsuta, st e, an: lln, n, hir both sides: c hir, sub-3-fi 6 multiflora, pu: 1 br-cor, a, in, inv 7 or 8-f, 5-cleft: f sub-pen: s ex, fir. Al'lium. 6—1. 16. Gr. aleo to avoid. Garlic, leek, onion. 1 canaden'se, 21 • scp na, t: 1 li: hdbu. Meadow garlic. 2 vineale, p. J. 2f. cau 1 rd, u bu: s al 3 celled. 3 triflorum, 2f\ scp n, t, sh than 1: 1 In, n: u few-f. ALLIUM, AMBROSIA. Ill 4 cer'nuum, r. Ju. 2f. scp n, u: 1 li, flat: s si: gm 6-to. 18 i. 5 tricoccum, w. J. 21- scp na, t: 1 ln-ol, flat, so: u glo: seeds si. 6 cepa, Ju. 21. scp na, inf near base,' lg 11- Onion. E. 7 fistulosum, 21- scp na, eq t inf 1. 8 schanopra'sum, Ju. 21- scp na, eqlt-fi. Cives. 9 olcra'ceum, 21. st t-1, bu: 1 sea, t, fur be: s si. 10 ascalo'nicum, Ju. 21- scp na, t: 1 sb: u glo: s 3-cuspidate. Shallot. 11 porrum, Ju. 21 s flat-1, u: s 3-cuspidate. 1 she at base. 12 sativum, Ju. If. st flat-1, bu; bu com: s 3-cs. Garlic. ISfragians, w. M. 2f. sept: 1 li, ke, ot, pd na: s flat. False snowdrop. 14 senescens, 21- scp na, 2-edged: Hi, un side so: u rd: s sb. 15 striatum, w. 2f • scp na, 3-an: 1 li, fur on back: co spr: s si. S. 16 mutabile, g-r. 2f. scp t: Hi, flat: u my-f: s si, seeds si. 2 f. 17 stellatum, 1 li, ke un side: fin fs u, nrn: spa a: 3 pt sh, sub-ot: cap 3-sided: cells 2-seeded. 18 angulosum, 21- scp na, 2-edged; 1 li, sub-an be: u fs. Al'nus- 19—4. 99. Derived from the Celtic al near, Ian river. 1 incuna, Tp . lol, a, pube: ax of ve na: sti In. Alder. 2 undulata, T; . 1 ol, a, rd at base: pe v h be; ax of ve na: sti o-ol. 3 serrulata, O. r-g. Ap. Tp. 1 ob, ac: ve and ax h be: sti ov, ot. 9 f. 4 glulinosa, Ap. Tp. 1 rd-wd, ot, ax of ve d. 5 glauca, Tp. 1 ol, a. 2-sr, gl be; ax of ve na: sti na. Alopf.cu'rus. 3—2. 10. Gi. alopcx a fox and oura a tail. 1 pratensis, J. 21- culme, so: skcy: co lgasc. Foxtail. 2 gcniculatus, Ju. 2f • culm as, sk cy: glu en h back mr: co tiu. 18 i. Althje'a. 15. 13. 74. Gr. altha, to cure. Mallows. 1 qfficina'lis, r-y. Ju. 2f. Id, ol-os 3-lo, to, 6f. Marsh mallows. 2 ro'sea, hollyhock. £. st e: 1 hr, 5to-7an; ere. E. 3 ficifolia, fig-hollyhock. $. 1 7-lo, sub-pal, ot. Aivs'se m. 14—1. 63. Gr. alusso, to be mad. 1 hyperbo'reum, st her: 1 to: s 4, 2-forked. 2 denta'lum, 2f. st e: r pn, ax: rad 1 sub-run; ln-li, ss, sub-en. 3 ludovicia'num, y. Ap. 21- d: stnm, si, an: 1 li-spt, en, ot, ta. 4 saxatile, y. Tp. stpn: 1 In, soft, re. Gold basket. E. Amaran'tus. 19—5. 30. a, not, and maraino, wither. 1 albus, g-w. Ju. 0. glo ax, tri: 1 ob, re: st 4, si. 18 i. 2 graz'cizans, g. Au. 0. glo ax, tri: f 3-cleft: lob, em: st brh. 3 olern'ccvs, Ju. 0. glo ax, brh: 1 ol, ot, em. Sm f are pen. 2 f. 4 hy'bridus, Ju. 0. rpen, 2-com, heaped, e: 1 o-ln. 5 panicula'tus, Ju. 0. rpen, 3-com: brh spr, pu: 1 o, In. 6 retroflex'us, O. Au. 0. rpen, triply-com. cp, e: brh pu: 1 o, waved. 7 hypochondria'cus, Au. 0. r pen, com, cp e: 1 ol-In, m. Red. 8 spinosus, Au. 0. rpen, tm, com: ax sp. Prickly amaranth. 9 pu'milus, g. glo ax: f pen. c 5-1, concave: 1 o, ot, so and sm re. 10 sanguin'eus, g. Ju. 0. f pen, in dec e r, 1 o-ln. 11 blilurn, g. Ju. 0. r tri. sub-sk: f 3-1; 1 o, re: st spr, orprt. 12 melanchol'icus, r. 0. glm ax, pd, rd; 1 ln-o, cl. Love bleeding. E. 13 tri'color, Ju. 0. glm ss: 1 ln-ol, cl. 3-coloured coxcomb. 14 liriihis, Ju. 0. glm tri, sub-sk. rd: 1 ov, re: st e. Lead A. Amaryl'lis. 6—1. 17. From the nymph Amaryllis. 1 atamasco, w. r. J. 2f. spa 2-cleft, a: f pe: co bl, sub-eq, e: s dc. 2 formosis'sima, 21- spa 1-f: corn: pe declined. Jacobea. E. Ambro'sia. 19—5. 55. a, privative, and brotos, mortal food. 112 AMBROSIA, ANDROMEDA. 1 trifida, O. g-y. Au. 0. brs, 1 3-lo, sr; lo ov, In, ac; fru 6-sp be apex. 2 intergrifolia, g. Ju. 0. 1 o, ss, ac, sr, brs cil base: r tm, sm ter. 3 elatior, O. Ju. 0. 1 2-pnt, so: pe lg cil: r tm, pn. Hog weed. 4 artemisifolia, 0. 1 2-pnt, summit pnt: r tm in threes: brh level. 5 paniculata, J. 0. 1 g, 2-pnt, at summit: r tm, si: brh fs. 6 heterophylla, 0. cau 1 pnt, up brh In ss: pe lg cil: r tm, si: st pn. 7 bidenta'ta, Ju. 0. hir 1 ss, si, ol, 1-to ab spr base: fru 4-sp. 8 his'pida, w. 0. his: 12-pnt: di gh: r sub-pn, tm. F lr. 1 f. S. 9 tomentosa, 21- 1 2-pnt, un side d: sk si. 18 i. Ammann'ia. 4—1: 91. John Ammann. a Russian. 1 ramos'ior, w-p. Au. st e, thick, sub-t: 1 In, spr at base; f be cp wr. 2 hu'milis, w-r. Au. 0. $. st prt at base, brh 4 an: 1 In, f si. St ed. 6i. Amor'pha. 16—10. 93. a, priv. and morphe, shape. lfruticosa, Ju. Tp. so, 1 pe, em: sk lg: cpd: le few-seed. 6 f. 2 glabra, Tp. g: \ ov-ol, eg, 4 teeth ot, one ac, bauner gld: le few-seed 3 pubes'cens, w. J. Tp ? sml; 1 on sh pe, ot h: sk lg, pn, h: c ac teeth. 3 f. S. 4 nana, p-b. M. \ . 1 sub-o m so: f pd: teeth of c se ac: le 1-seed. 5 canescens, b. Tpl v; 1 near sub-ss: ov-o: skag: teeth of c eq; o, a. 18 i. Ampelop'sis. 5—1. 72. Gr. ampelos, the vine, and ops, appearance. 1 quinqurfolia, O. w. Ju. Tp. lin fives, to: st ro, cli. Cieeper. 2 cordata, Tp. 1 cor, ac, to an: npube: r2-par. 3 hzrsuta, Tp. 1 pal, 3 to 5-lo, h both sides lo, ac, to. 4 bipinnata, J. Tp. 12-pnt: lln-o, deeply toandlo: fin cmb. S. Amso'nia. 18—5. 47. Named by Walter. 1 latifolia, b. Ap. Zf. st g: 1 ln-o, up ac, pu on un of n. 2 f. S. 2 salicifolia, b. M. st so: 1 ln-li, a at each end, g. 3 angnstifolia, b. Ap. st h; 1 nr-li, nm, e, h. 2 f. Amyg'dalus. 11—1. 92. Gr. amugdalos, the almond. Peach. 1 persica, r. M. Tp. sr of the 1 all a, f ss, si. 15 f. E. 2 nana, Tp. 1 o, ta to the base, sharply sr. 3 f. Flower almond. Amy'ris. 8—1. 94. Gr. murra, myrrh. 1 floridana, w. £.1 1-pass tm 1, o, en, ot, f sub-pn: ber ta sub-glo base. 2 toxifera, Tp . 15—7, pe, o, sub-cor, ac: r si, about lg of pe. Anagal'lis. 5—1. 35. Gr. anagclas, to laugh, Red chickweed. 1 arvensis, r. J. 0. st spr, na, pro: pt en, flat, h at margin. Anchu'sa. 5—1. 43. Gr. agchousa, to strangle. Bugloss. 1 officinalis, y. 21- lln: skim, 1-sided: bt o. E. An'droce'ra. 5—1. 38. Gr. aner, stamen, and keros. a horn. .1 lobata, J. 0. hir: 1 in pairs, lo-pnt; seg ot, os ere, r It, my-f. S. Androm'eda. 10—1. 51. Andromeda, of Cepheus, confined in a marsh. 1 hypnoides, Au. Tp.l im sb, g: pd sol, tm, 1-f: co no. Sml, crp. 2 mariana, J. Tp. 1 ov, en, sub-a at both ends, g, paler be: f brh almost 1; pd fas: co o-cy: c 1: cps o. Var. has nr In 1. 3 polifolia, A. r-w. M. Tp, 1 li-ln, glf tm: co sub-glo: antherb. 4 arborea, w. Ju. Tp. brh t, g: pn tm, my-sk: co o-cy, pu; anthers li. 5 paniculata, O. w. J. Tp. pu: 1 ob-ln, a, sub-en: ftm pn, na sml. 6 racemosa, w. J. T- 1 ov-ln, a sr g: co cy: ca, base 4-an: anthers. 7 calyculata, O. w. M. Tp. 1 ln-ol, o scaly dots, be: rtm, 1. c a, 2-bt base: co ol-cy. 2 f. 8 augustifolia, Ap. 1 li-ln. a, scaly dots: bt2 rtm, 1, pd si, ax. S. 9 nitida, w. r. Tp. g: brh 3-an; 1 ov, ac, en, 3 n: pel 1-f, ax: co cy. 5 f. 0 rhomboidalis. f brh 3-an: 1 rh In, en, g, tm gl: pd ax. ANDROMEDA, ANGELICA. 113 11 axillaris, w. M. Tp. \ ov-ln, ac, r ax, closely f: co ol-o. 3 f 12 acuminata, w. Ap. Tp. g: Hn-o, apexac, en, rax: co cy. 11 f. 13 floribunda, w. g: 1 ol o, a sr, err 1-sided, pn. 14 ferruginea, w. J. \ . 1 lg pt, ob, ot, en, dust ve be: pd 1-f, ax: 4 f. 15 rigdla, J. Tp . 1 Crd, on sh pe, In, a scaly be, w ve: ax, pd 1-f. 18 fi 16 frondosa, w. M. Tp. pu: 1 ob-ln, a, srtom; f brh pn, 1: co glo. 4 f. 17 speciosa, w. £.lov-ot, ere: co cm: anthers 4-awned: 4 f. 18 tetragona, w. Tp. 1 na at margin: pd ax, si, fi, 1-f: co no bl. Andropogon. 3—2. 10. Gr. andros, a man, and pogon, a beard. 1 scopeirius, O. Au. 21- sk si. It tm, pd, pa: re h; va awned. 2 virginicus,H.ci>: supland sheso: sk' sh, 2or 3 each sub-t: abr fwva, 'ifurcatus, O. Au. 21- sk dg, abr f, w awn: per awn twist. Bent grass. 4 macrourus, 1[. sk It and trm fs pn: abr fwva: awu strait. 5 nutans, O. Au. 21 • pn ol, brh, no: sk by pairs: c h, awn contorted. 6 secundus, 2f. pn brh, e, secund: pd 3-f; s f sb, v; per ss va very v. S. 7 ctliatus, 2f. pn ol, tm: brh g: f pa: c h: co cil, awn twisted. 3 f. 8 mclanocarpus, sk cp: fsl, inv: awn verylg. 3 fi 9 tcrnarius, brh al, 3-spk; sk conjugate; h inv sh than glu; f tri. 10 argenteus, Oc. 21. pn lg, slender; brh si, pa: sk lg she, h. 11 vaginatus, Oc. 21-pn cp: sh she: fpa, awned per, scabrous. 12 tetrastachyus, Oc. pn e: sksl, 4-cleft: fin pairs; per awned; 1 h. 3f. 13 bicornis, sk cp pn; pnbt, cmb, fs f ter, ss; It one nu, cil ofraclg. 14 glaucus, so, gl: sub-si: so: pn trm, ex, ol; sk al: awns lg. 1-va. Androsa'ce. 5—1. 35. Gi. andros, a man, andsakos, a shield. 1 occidentalis, 0. pu: 1 ol-spt, en: phan: cps sh c. S. 2 carinata, w. J. 21-1 In-o, a, en, ke; mr cil: u few-f; 1 inv li-ol: di ob, en. 3 seytentrionalis, 0. 1 In, to, g, shining: ph an, sh than co. Anemo'ne. 12—13. 61. Gr. unemos, the wind. Winflower. 1 virginiana, O. g-w. Ju. 2f. st die: 1 up op; 1 gh-lo ser-a: pd si. 18 i. 2 aconitifolia, J. 21- stdic: rd 1 pal; caulss, els, 3-cleft; seed glo sb. F lg. 15 i. 3 dichotoma, w-r. M. 21- st die: caul op, 3-cleft: lo wd-ln, pd si. 4 nemorosa, O. r-w. M. 21- st 1-f: caul in ter; 1 wd, lo, to, a: seed o. 5 lancifolia, 2f. stl-f: cau Iter: 1 In. cre-to: co 5-pt: seeds o, style hook. 6 thalictroides, O. w. M. 2f. u inv: iad 1 twice ter, inv 6-1; u few-fi 7 narcissiflora, w. Ap. 2f • f u, inv: rad 1 pal-my-cleft, gh; di li; pd lg inv. 8 cuneifolia, w. Ap. 21- st 1-f, inv: 1 ter; lss, wd tru-cre at apex: inv 3-1. 9 patens, p. 2f. d: 13-par or 3-n; seg wd gh 3-cleft, f e; c awn. 10 alpina, w. 21- 1 lg-pe, biter pnt; 1 li a f e; c 1 6, spr, awn. 11 baldensis, b. 21- 1 g, seg 3-par with li ot di, sh-pe, inv. 12 deltoidea, w. 2f. 1 ter; 1 rh, en or trifid, gh sr, a, 1 inv ss: c 1 ob. 13 richardsoni, W. 21- 1 re, 3—5-par; lo trifid, a to: 1 c-1 6, spr: sty lg. 14 multifida, w. r. y. 2f. l;3-par: seg wd 3-par li a di; c 15 to 8 d. 15 hortensia, rad ldg; di 3-cleft; cau ter, In, con, sub-di. E. 16 caroliniana, O. w. 21- Iter: 1 ser: inv 3-1 3-cleft: pt 14 to 20, ov: S. 17 walteri, 21- rad 1 pal, lg-p: scp lg, e, 1-f: pt 3: ro tuberous. 18 ludoviciano, r-b. Ap. 21- scp 1-f, inv, soft: 1 dg, up so; seg en, li, a: pt 6, ol-o, e. Ane'thum. 5—2. 60. Gr. ano, upward, and theino, to shoot. Dill. 1 graveolens, fruit compressed: plant annual. Dill. 2 foeniculum, fruit ovate: plant perennial. Fennel. Angelica. 5—2. 60. Lat. angelica, angelic. Angelica, 114 * ANGELICA, ARARIS. 1 triquinata, O. w. Au. 21- st t, pu ab: 1 ter, so; par q; 1 olo, eq sr. 4 f. 2 atropurpurea, O. g-w. J. 21- st so, cl: 1 ter; sub-q; 1 o, a, gh-sr sub-lo. 3 lucida, 21- 1 eq, o, gh-sr: rad 1 3-pn, cau one 2-pn. 18 i. 4 archangelica, archangel. $. 1 with odd tm 1 lo. E. Anno'na. 12—13. 76. Malay, menona, food. 1 glabra, Ju. r-y. Tp. c lg, bl: 1 ln-o, g: pd 2-f, op to the 1. 16 f. An'themis. 17—2. 55. Gr. anthos, flower. Mayweed 2. 1 arvenis, w-y. Ju. $. rec conic, ch-ln: seed cr-mr: 1 2-pn, sub-di. 8 i. 2 eotula, O. w. J. 0. rec conic, ch-brs: seed na: 12-pn, 1 sb, 3-par. 10 i. 3 nobilis, w. Au. 2f. 1 2-pn; 13-par, li-sb, v: stbih. Chamomile. E. An'thoxan'thum. 2—2 10. Gr. authos, flower, and xanthos, yellow. 1 odoratum, O. M. 21- sk ol-o; fsub-pd, sh than awn. Sweet vernal. 18 i. An'tirrhi'num. 13—2. 37. Gr. anti, and rhis, rhinos, nose. 1 elatine, y. Ju. 0. 1 al, en: pd si, verylg. Creeping snap-dragon. 2 linaria, y. Ju. 21- e, g: 1 ln-li, crdsk tm, dense-f: c g, sh spur. F lg. 3 conadense, w-b. J. 21- g, si: lsc, e. nr. li, ot, rt: f r: scions prt. 4 trianthophorum, 1 wr, In, 3-n: sdc: r tm, few-f: fir. E. Apar'gia. 17—1. 53. Gr. apargia, succory. False hawkweed. 1 autumnalis, y. J. 2f. scp brh, scaly: 1 In, run-pnt, so. 2 orontium, Ju. 0. e, brh, h: 1 al, In: f sk: c dg, lg tailless co. S. 3 tenellum, b. Ju. 0. sml, si, g: 1 op, li, a: fax, sh-pd: c bl. Apha'nes. 4—2. 92. Gr. a priv. phainomai, to appear. Piert. 1 arvensis, 0.1 3-par; di 3-cleft, h: f ax, glm. S. A'pium. 5—2. 60. Celtic apon, water. Parsley 1, celery. 1 petroselinum, Ju. $. caul li: inv minute. 2 graveolens, Ju. 0. st: cau 1 wd. Celery. Aplec'trum. 18—1. 21. Gr. a, without, and plectron, a spur. 1 hyemalis, O. g-p. M. 21- 1 rad, ln-o, my-n: lip 3-cleft. Putty root. Apo'cynum. 18—5. 47, Gr. apo, against, and kuon, (kunos.) a dog.* 1 androsaemifolium, O. r-w. Ju. 21- 1 o, cymes It tm: tube of co lgc, spr. 2 cannabi'num, O. g-y. J. 21 • 1 ol-ov, d when young, c eq co. 3 f. 3 hypericifolium, g-w. Ju. 21- 1 In, sub-cor at base: tube of co eq c. 3 f. Apo'gon. 17—1. 53. Gr. a, without, andpogon, beard. 1 humilis, y. Ap. 0? stg: rad 1 ss; cau strap form a, en, ss, gl. 6—12. Aojjile'gia. 12—5. 61. Lat. aquila, an eagle. Columbine. 1 canadensis, O. r. & y. Ap. 21- horns strait: sex: 1 dec. 15 i. 2 brevistylis, sub-pu: spur a sh than limb: style sh: s sh co. 3 vulgaris, J. 21- horns curved: st 1 g: 1 dec. E. 4 coerulea, b. J. 2f. horns twice lgpt: s styles sh co: ne a: seg of 1 lo. 18 i. S. Ar'aris. 14—2. 63. Arabia, by physicians of that country. Wall cress. 1 sagittata, w. J. 0. $. 1 pu brh; rad o ol, st-1 In, sagittate. 2 thaliana, Ju. 0. 1 h, sub-dn: rad ones ol, pe: st brh, h at base: 6 to 12 i. 3 lyrata, w. $. st up 1 so glau: rad 1 ly pnt, pilose: st brh. 10 i. 4 laevigata, w. 21- st 1 li, ol, sagittate, so; pd e: siliques nr lg. 2f. 5 canadensis, O. w. J. 21. st 1 ss, ol, In, nr at base, pu: pd pu, n. 2 f. 6 rhomboidea, O. w. M. 21-1 g, rh, to, lower rd, on lg pe: ro tu. 15 i. 7 alpina, w. 21- brh: 1 my-to, v, In, a; radsub-pe; cauhr-cls. 8 reptans, Ju. 21- 1 rd, en, hir: having crp shoots. 9 stricta, w. 2f. radl ol, tato base, sub-ly-pnt, rmh; cau few In e. * Thompsonians, call the dog-bone wandering milkweed. ARAR1S, ARENAR1A. 115 10 lyrafolia, so, st straight, si, rad 1 ly, cau ss, ol, a, to: silique sab. 11 pendula, 0. 1 sagittate, ol, els. en, so: silique 2edged: li, pnd. 12 hirsuta, e; 1 to, hir; rad o-ol, pe; cau ov ln-sagit siliques nm, e. A'rachis. 16.—10. 93. Gr. arakos, a kind of rooting plant. 1 hypogcea, 0. st pilose, prt: 1 pnt, f ax. Pea nut. E. Ara'lia. 5—5. 59. A name of an unknown Canadian. Spikenard 1 spinosa, y-w. Au. Tp. st lth, 12pnt; 1 sr: pn brh: u nm. 5 f. 2 hispida, O. w. J. Tp . st pe rg brs: 1 2-pnt; lo, gh-sr, g: u lg pd. 20 i. 3 racemosa. O. w. J. 21. spr brh. pe 3-par, 3—5-1; brh ax, u my, pn. 4 f. 4 nudicaulis, O. w. M. 21- st, scp, 1 2-ter, q: lol: scp na, sh 1; u few. Ar'butus. 10—I. 51. Lat. arbutus, Pliny's strawberry-tree. 1 ura-ursi, O. w-r. M. Tp. st prt: 1 wd-ob, en: ber 5-seed. Bear-berry. 2 laurifolia. Tp. 1 ol, ac a sr, g: r ax, ss, si lg. 3 menziesii, Tp. \ o, en, g, lg pe; r ax tm, pn dense, 1-sided. 4 tomentosa, Tp. brh his: 1 ov, a, cor d be, sh pet pdax, lg of 1, hd-r. 5 alpina, w. M. Tp. st prt: 1 ob, a, rg sr: r tm. Arc'tium. 17—1. 54. Gr. Arctos, a bear. Burdock. 1 lappa, O. Au. 21- cau 1 hr, pe to: f pn, glo: c so. Arena'ria. 10—3. 82. Lat. arena, sand. Sand-wort. 1 serpyllifolia, w. Ju. 0. st die, spr: lo, a, sub-cil: c a, str: pt sh c. 2 glabra, w. O. 21- g, e, my st: 1 sb-li, spr: ped 1-f: 1 c ov, sh pe. 6 i. 3 stricta, w. M. 21- g, e, my st: 1 sb-li e: pn few f: pt lg c ov-ln. 12 i. 4 squarrosa,w. Ju. Tp. ces: un 1 sca-im, g: stsi: f tm, e: pt lg c. 6 i. 5 rubra, r. J. 0. g: 1 fi, lg joints: sti en, she: s 5: cap an or glo. 6 thymifolia, 0. stdic, 1 ov, sub-a: pd al, ax, si, el: c a: pt of lg of c. 7 macrocarpa, 2f. ces: 1 crd; cil: of c li: pt twice lg as c: cps thrice. 8 fasciculata, 0. sub-g, ces: st e: 1 sb, pkfur: f-fas: c sb, striate: pt sh. 9 laricifolia, 21- pu, ces, my-st: 1 se; st 1-3-f, e: 1 of c li, sub-hir, half lg pt. 10 juniperina, 21- sub-pu, e, my-st: 1 sb, 3-sided, pn tm, die my-f: m, half lg pt. 11 propinqua, 2f • ces, gld-h: 1 li-sb, a, 3-n: c a, 3-n, lg pt. sh than cps. 12 rubella, 2f. st ces, nm: pd tm, pu, 1-f: 1 li-sb, ot, 3-n: pt ln-ov, sh 4-va cps. 13 rossii, 21- g: 1 3-sid-sb, ot,b, n-less, eq f: pd 1-f, el, pt ol, lg os 3-n o. 14 franklinii, 2f. brh e fs nm: 1 g sb-se: f fas: di of c sb, br-n, lg ol pt. 15 buxifolia, pu: 1 o-ol, ss: st crp: pd die, 2-f: pt lg c: cps eqc. 16 lateriflora, O. w. J. If- pu: st e, si or die h: 1 ol-ov, ot, cil, 2 to 4-f; pd al bt. 6—10 i. 17 peploides, Ju. 21- g: lo or ol, a, f sub-sl, sfe-pd: di c ot, lg co. 18 diffusa, w. Ap. pu: st brh: 1 ln-ol, a, at both ends: pd si, ax, lg 1: S. 19 patula, 21- pu: st fi, pn, my-f: lse sb, spr: pt sub-em, lg a c. 20 obtusa, 2f • ces> my-st: 1 li-sb, ot ke, 1-sided: nee ol-ot, 3-n: cps o, sh. Arethu'sa. IP—1. 21. From the fountain of that name. 1 bulhosa, O. r. J. 21- l-less: roglo: scp she, 1-f: c sup dire: lip ere: fir. Argemo'ne. 12—1. 62. Gr. argema. the cataract. 1 mexicana,y. Ju. 0. 1 pnt, gh, sp: fax. Var. 1 pnt: f 1. Aristi'da. 3—2. 10. Lat. arista, an awn. Beard grass. 1 dichotoma, O. S. $. 21- ces: culm die: f r-sk: It awns sh. 8—12 i. 2 stricta, 21- culm and 1 e: 1 pu. r lg, sk, crd: awn twice lg co, spr. 3 fi 3 purpurascens, 21- culm fi, e, si: 1 nr: lg-skpn: awns twice lg co. 2f. 4 spiciformis, li- f cr, sub-sk: middle awn v at base. 3 f. S. 116 ARIST1DA, ARTEMISIA. 5 gracilis, 21. fin sk, few-f, rt, It awns sh, e; intermediate ones lg, ex. 6 lanosa, 21. pn e, ap: f in r: c lg co: she of 1 woolly. 2—4 f. 7 oligantha, 21- culm sub-ram: 1 convo-fi: f si, distant: awn lg. 8 fasciculata, culm fi, e, brh: 1 nr: pn lg, sub-sk: c sh co: awns lg f. 9 pallens, pn few-f, pe. al 2-f, apx: awn cap, lg: 1 fi. 10 tuberculosa, culme, die, joints with ax gld: pn rigid: va of c ke: co stiped. 3 f. Aristolo'chia. 18—6. 23. Gr. aristos, best, and locheia, birth. 1 sipho, J. Tp. 1 hr, a: st cli: pd 1-f, with an o bt: co as; limb 3-cleft. 2 serpentaria, p.. J. 2f. 1 hr, ol, ac: st zigzag, as; pd rad: lip of co In. 3 tomentosa, A. g-y. st cli: 1 rd-cor, d be: co v; border 3-cleft, eq. S. 4 hastata, st fl, si, e: 1 cor, a: f on scp; lip of co o. Armenia'ca. 11 — I. 92. FromArmenia. Apricot. 1 vulgaris, Tp. 1 sub-cor: sti pal. Var. 2, fru sml, yellow. Var. fru sub-emp. s 2 dasycarpa, Tp. 1 o, ac, 2 sr: pe gld: fru glo, pu. Apricot. Ar'mia. 17—2. 55. Gr. ptarmica, ptairo, to sneeze. 1 nudicaulis, y. J. b. h: rad 1 op, ol-ov, sub-dn: st 1-less, di at top. 2 doronicum, y. Ju. Tp. 1 rt to. hir be; rad pe, ol; cau al, In ol: st ]-f! 3 plantaginca, y. Ju. 21 • g: 1 en, a, 3-n; rad ln-spt, cau op, In, ss. 4 marilima, Tp . 1 In; lower ones sr: st 1, my-f. 5 fulgens, y. Ju. 2f. h: rad 1 In, ot. ta: pe 3-n: cau 1 op, rt, li: st 1-f 1 f. S. 6 cluytoni, y. Ju. Tp. hir: rad 1 op, ol-o, sub-dn: top di into 1-f pd. 2 f. Aroni'a. 11—5. 92. Gr. aronia, the medlar tree. Shad bush 2, 1 arbutifolia, O. w-r. M. Tp,. 1 ln-ob, ere-to, dbe, v gld ab: f cmb: c d. 2 botryapium, O. w. Ap. Tp. 1 ol ov, cs. g & d: f r: pt li: gm pu. 20 f. 3 sun i(iiinea, O. w. M. Tp, 1 ov, ot at ends, m; r few-f: c g: pt li, ot. 4 me'aiiocarpa, O. w. M. Tp. 1 ob-ol, ac, m, sr, g be; f cmb: c g. 4—6f 5 oralis, O. w. M. £. 1 rd-ov, a, g: f r: pt ob: gm, seg of c pu. 6 alnifolia, Tp. so: 1 rd, up part to. pnt n, sub-glaube: r si, el. S. Arrhi.iN.vth'erum. 3—2. 10. Gr. arrhen, stamen, andatlicires, sharp. 1 arenaceum, J. 21-pn eq, no; awn 2-lg as f: culm so: ro nodose. 3f 2 peniisijlcanicum, Ju. 21. pn, brh sh al ta, awn twice lg as f: seeds v. 3 kentuckiensis, ?_f. bih of pn fas: up f has su va sh awn below tip. S. Artemi'sia. 17—2. 55. Artemisia, the wife of Mausolus. Worm- wood 8, southern-wood 9. mug-wort: artemisia 7. 1 canadensis, O. w. y. Au. 2f. sub-de, pu: 1, li-pnt: brh sk-f: c sea. 2 caudata, 21 st si, her brh py: lbipn, pu; up pn, with al seg: f pe. e, glo-o. 2 f. 3 chinensis, 21- hoary: lower 1 wd, ot: f glo, pd, no. 4 spithamea, 2f. sml, pu: 1 li, up pnt; di few, li, a: fr, sh-pd, hem. 5 gnayhaloides, 21- d: st si, her: 1 ln-li, sub-en, d both sides: p f6 or7. 6 vulgaris, 21. 1 d be; cau pnt; di In, sub-to, a; fundi, li-ln: ol e: c d. 7 pontica, 1 d be; caubipn; 1 li; brh si: f rd, pd, no. Artemisa. E. 8 absinthium, 21- st brh, pn: 1 h; rad pnt; di In, to, ot; cau 2-pnt. 9 abrotanum, 21- & -Tp. st straight: 1 bipn; up cap, pnt: c pu hem. 10 cana, 2f. h: llg, ln-li, a, n, whi wd, a 3-lo: fov, in glm, ax, ss. S. 11 santonica, 2f. cau 1 g: brhund: sk 1-sided, rx: f sub-ss, 5-f. 12 campestris, 2f. caulse-pnt, g; rad pnt, 3-cleft di: st prt, brh, f o, pd. 13 frigid.a. Oc. 21- 1 pnt; 1 3-par, li, a; f pnt, 3-par: stas: f glo, no. 14 biennis, <$. 1 g; rad ones 3-par-pnt; cau pnt; upli, und: st straight. ARISTIDA, ASCYRUM. 117 15 longifolia, 2f. Tp. st si: 1 en, ln-li, ac; mr rx; u side d: fcy-o, e: 16 serrata, 21- 1 In, ac; mrsr; upsideso,und: f pn, e; c sml, cy-o. 5 f. 17 columbiensis, 2f. Tp. 1 ln-li, a, hoary, en: f ol, glm, ax, ss, perfect: 10. 18 ccrnua, 21. st brh: rad 1 3-cleft; up en, ln-li, so: r pn, no: f pe, sub- glo, c sea. 8 f. 19 ludoviciana, 21.. st si: lower 1 pnt; up In, en, h ab, d be: f o, e, ss: pn si. 2 f. A'rum. 19—12. 7. aron, Egyptian word. Wild turnip 3. 1 dracontium, J. 2f. w. s. st: 1 ped: 1 ln-ol, en; spa sb, lg ol spa. 12—18. 2 atrorubens, 21- st-less: 1 ter; 1 o, ac: spa cy: spa ss, o, ac, spr ab. 3 triphyllum, O. p. g. w. 21- sub-cau: 1 ter; 1 o, ac: spa o, ac, pd. 4 quinatum, 21- st-less: 1 q, In, ac. S. 5 waited, A. st-less: 1 sagittate, trian: anadiv. Arc.n'do. 3—2. 10. Lat. arundo, a reed. Reed grass 1. 1 canadensis, Au. 21- pn ol: glu sea, pu, lg as co: hat base eqva: culm so. 2 coarctata, Ju. 21- pn sk: c lg co: co lg h, awned below tip. 3—5 f. 3 brevipilis, 21- pn cap: c uneq, sh co, b at base: co eq: h sh. 3—4 f. 4 aroides, 21 • pn p: c 2-f, g, uneq: co lgof c: h eq co: 1 flat, sea. Asa'rum. 18—12. 23. Gr. a without, sairo, to adorn. Snake-root 1. 1 canadense, O. g-p. M. 21- Ik in pa: c 3-par; di sub-In, r. 2 virginicum, 21-1 si, rd hr, g, f sub-ss: c g ab, shbl. L speckled so. 3 arifidium, p. 2f • 1 sub-cor: c border 3-cleft, pu within. S. Ascle'pias. 5—2. 47. Asclepias. Greek Aesculapius. Milkweed. 1 syriaca, O. w-p. Ju. 21- st si: 1 ln-ol, a, d be: u sub-no, d, 3 to 5 feet. 2 obtusifolia, p. J. 21- 1 els, ol, rd-ot, smm: u tm, lg-pd, my-f, g. 3 phytolaccoidcs, O. w-g. Ju. 21- st e, si: 1 br-o, a, g, pale be: ne tru, 2-to. 4 periplocafolia, w-g. Ju. 21- 1 sub-ss, ln-o, nr up, a, so,xmr rough: 2 f. 5 amainu, Ju. 21- st si, h two sides; 1 ss, ol-ov, pu be: tm unee, ex. 6 purpurascens, p. Ju. 2f ■ st si: 1 o, v be: u e: horn of ne rx. 2 f. 7 pulchra, r. Ju. 21- 1 In, hunside: st di: u e, in pa. Fsml. 8 variegata, w. Ju. 21. st si e: 1 o, pe, rg na: u sub-ss, pd, torn, udense. 9 incarnuta, O. r. Ju. 21- st e, d, brh ab: 1 In, sub-d: u double at origin. 10 parviflora, w. Ju. 2f. so; st e, si: lpe, u tm, lax f; pd cap. 1—2 f. 11 quadrifolia, O. w. p-w. M. 21- ste, si, so: 1 o, aorac; middle in 4. 12 verticillata, O. g-p. w. Ju. 21- st e, si sml pu: 1 nr-li, g, wr, sc. 13 tuberosa, O. y. Ju. 21- st e, at top spr-brh: 1 sc, ol-ln, rough-h. 14 connivens, J. 21- 1 ol, ov, m, h, ss; 1 of nelg at summit. 1—2 f. S. 15 tomentosa, 21- 1 ov, In, a, torn: u ss, with horns ex. 2 f. 16 amplexicaulis, p. w. 21- g: stdc: 1 ss, cor, ve, glap: u tm ax. 17 paupercula, r. g. M. 21-1 li, In, lg, rt, g with mr pu: u few-f. 3—4 f. 18 nirca, O. Ju. 21- 1 o, In, g: u e, It, si: st si. 19 ano-usiifolia, g. w. M. 21-1 sc, strap, pu: u si, tm; horns included. 8—1^ i. 20 cincrea, J. 21- 1 lg, li, op: u few, tm, na: horns sh. 3 f. 21 speciosa, torn: 1 hr-o, ot, op, sh-pe: u ax, tm: ne e, In, a horn sh. Ascy'rum. 12—3. 68. Gr. a, without, skuros, rough. Peter's wort. 1 crux-andrece, y. Ju. Tp. my st, div: 1 sub-ln-ol, ot: cmb tm: f sub-ss. 2 hypericoides, y. Ju. Tp. brh 2-edged: 1 ol, with 2 gld at base; f tm. 3 amplexicaule, Ap. y. 21- e, brh cp: 1 o, ol, els; 1 of c cor. 2 f. S. 4 pumilum, y. 21- st sml, si,' quadran: 1 ov, ot, fas: pd lg, rx: sty 1 or 2. 5 pauciflorum, dc, my-st: 1 near other, ol-li ot: for few: pd rx, 2-bt un. 6 stans, Tp. st wi, brh straight: 1 ov-o, ot gl: 1 of c hr-or: s united. 118 ASPARAGUS, ASTER. Aspar agus. 6—1. 12. Gr. sparasso, to tear. 1 officinalis, Ju. 21- st her, unarmed, sub-e, t: 1 brst, soft: sti sl» E. Asphode'lus. 6—1 16. Gr. a, privative, sphallo, to excel. 1 luteus, 21- sti: 13-sided, striate. E. 2 ramosus, 21- st brh, na: 1 ensform, so, ke. Aspi'diu.m. 21—1. 5. Gr. aspis, a small shield, k. Snuff-box. 1 cicutarium, 21-1 pnt; di ac, sin, pnt, en; fru in rows. 2 acrostichoides, O. J. to Au. 21- Un, sabre-form, a, cil sr: updu wd un. 3 lancastriense, 21 fr pnt; di op; seg trian-o, a sr; stripe na. Lg nr. 4 noveboracense, Ju. 21- fr pin: 1 li-ln, pnt, di, sti so, fru mr. Damp. 5 cristatum, 21- fr ln-o, g, pin; 1 sub-cor-ol, pnt; div ol, ot, to-sr. 6 aculealum, Au. 21- fr pnt: 1 o, a, sr, up fru tru, of lower sh wd. 7 marginale, O. Ju. 21- fr 2-pnt: lol, ot, de, ere; fru mr. 8 filix-mas, fr 2-pnt; 1 ol, ot, sr: fru mid-rib apx: sti ch. 2 or 3-f. 9 intermedium, J. 21. fr 2-pnt; les 1 li, gh-pnt; di m-sr: stipe ch. 10 s]>inutosum, Ju. 21- fr 2 pnt; les 1 ol, de, gh-to; di m-sr: stipe ch. 11 dilalatum, Ju. 2f- fr 2-pnt: les 1 ol. gh-pnt; dim-sr: stipe ch: inv so. 12 goldianum, Ju. fr br-o, so, bipnt; di In, pnt; seg ol, ot, rt sr. 13 thclypteris, Ju. 21- fr pnt: 1 ln-li, pnt, g: di o, a, en: fru-dots mr. 14 bulbiferum, Ju. 2f. fr bipnt, ln-ol: 1 op, ol, ot, sr, lower pnt. 15 asplenoides, Ju. 21- fr bipnt: lln-li, gh-sr; sr 2 or 3-to; tm more a. 16 filix-femina, Ju. 21- fr bipnt: 1 ln-ol, straight; fru ol. 17 angustum, Ju. 21-frbipnt: 1 In, gh-sr, subbi; lowerelab: fru-dotsol. 18 atomarium, fr bipnt: 1 de, o-ol, pnt; di to: fru-dots sc. 19 tcnuc, Ju. 21- bipnt; b o de to, fru si near to. 20 rajii/ulinn, J. 21- fr bipin: 1 ch-brs be, ol, ot, ere; fru-dots small. Asple'nium. 21—1. 5. Gi. a, without, and spleen, the spleen. Spleen-wort, walking leaf. 1 rhizophyllum, O. Ju. 21- fr In, sti, sub-cre, ro hr ears at base. 2 angustifolium, Ju. 2f • fr pnt: 1 al, up sub-al, li-ln; up tru, un rd. 3 ebeneum, O. Ju. 21- frpnt: 1 ss, In, cor at base, ab, au. 6—10 i. 4 melanocaalon, Ju. 21- fr pnt: 1 rd, ot ere at base wd: stipe g. 5 thelypteroides, O. Ju. 21- fr pnt: lss, In, ac, pnt; di ol, ot sr: fru pari. 6 ruta.-muraria, O. Ju. 21- fr bipin base, pnt apex, ot dt. 1—2 i. 7 montanum, Ju. 21- fr g, bipnt: 1 In, pnt; di2 or 3-to. 2 f. As'ter. 17—2. 55. Gr. aster, a star. Star-wort. 1 hyssopifolius, w. y. p. Au. to Oc. 1 li-ln, 3-n, pte, a; mr sea: bh cmb, com: ra 5-fl: c im, 2-sh dk. 24. 2 salidaginoid.es, O. w. Au. 21 • 1 li-ln, os-3-n, en, ot; mr sea: bh cmb: fl ss, ag: ra 5-fl: c sh dk, im; scales ol ot, c-p, sub-rx apex. 2 feet. 3 ledfolius, O. v. w. S. Oc. 21- 1 li-ln, ta, w n, rg, re mr: brh fi, 1-fl, na: c, im, 2-sh dk: 1 a: ra20-fl: a foot. 4 rigidus, p. y. Au. 21 • 1 li, m, ke rg; mr rg-cil: cau 1 rx; brh spr, sb: st e, s brh ab; brh 1-fl, cmb: c im, twice sh as dk: scales ot, ra 10 fl. 5 linarifolius, O. p. y. Au. 2f. 1 wn, li, m, dotted, rough, stiff, brh re: stsub-dc: brh level-toped, 1-fl: c im, of lg of disk: fsml: st rg. 6 graminifolius, p. Au. 21- 1 nr-li, wn, g, e: tm brh na, 1-f: c, eq disk. 7 liiiifolius, 21 • 1 li, without n, rx-spr: brh level-top-cmb, 1: c im, sh: ra eq to disk. 18 or 24 i high. 8 subulatus, Au. 21. g, sml-fl: st pn: brh many-fl: 1 li-sb: c cy; lig fl of ray sml. 9 foliolosu's, Au. 2f. 1 li-ln, ta both ends, ac: st pu, pn, e: brh few-fl: c im: scales li, a, c-p. F sml. ASTER. 11 g 10 tenuifolius, w. Au. 21- 1 li-ln, tato ends; m his: st g, brh, c im. 11 dumosus, O. w. y. Au. 21- 1 li, g; brh are sh: brh pn: c-cy, im: Var. violet rays, and g t. Fl Sml. 12 ericoides, O. w. y. Au. 2lHli, g: brhsb, ap; cau el: c sub-scurfy: 1 st g. Fl sml. 13 multiflorus, O. w. y. Au. to Nov. 21. 1 li, so: st brh, diffuse, pu; brh one way: c irn: scales ol, scurfy, a. 14 ciluitus, 21. 1 cil: cau ln-li, n; brh ones sh, In. 3-n: st brh, pu; brh pn: c im, spt, ragged scales. 15 paludosus, b. y. Au. Nov. 21- 1 ss, sb, g, mr sea. 16 flexuosus, L. O. y. w-p Au. 21. g- 1 sb-li, fleshy, sub-rx: st, brh; brhspr, brs, 1-fl: scales of pd, sb: c im, scales c-p, a; fl sml. 17 concolor, r-b Au. 21 • 1 ol-ln, pu both sides, st si, e, pu: r tm: c im, scales In, silky, c-p. 1-f. 18 cornijolius, O. w. Au. 2f. g: 1 ol-o, ac, shpe; mrrg: st g: pn few-fl; brh2-fl; c sub-im. 19 humilis, w. Au. 2f • 1 sub-rh, ov-ln, ac at ends, sub-pe, g; mr his: cmb die, na, few-f: c lax-im: rays 8-f. F lg. If. 20 amygdalinus, O. w. S. 2f. 1 In, ta base, ac; mr rg: st si, level-top- cmb: cim: scales In, ot. Ralr. 21 salicifolius, r-b Au. 21- 1 li-ln, sub-en, g: st g, pan at top: c lax-im: scales a, spr at tips. 4—6 f. 22 aestivus, b. Ju. to S. 2f • 1 In, sub-cls, ta to apex: mr rough: st brh from base, e, his; brh pilose: c sea: lax, li, a, eq. 2 f. 23 navu-ungliac. O. b-p.Au. 21- 1 li-ln, els, au at base: st sub-si, stiff: fl sub-ss, tm. crd: sea-of c lax, cl, In, lg disk. 10 feet: fir. 24 cyaneus. O. b-p. Au. 21 • 1 li-ln, els, so: st pn, g: brh r: sea of c, In, eq disk, inner cl at apex. 3—4 f. F my, lr. 25 jihlogifalius, w. p. Au. 2f • 1 In, hr, els, pu be, rough mr: st si, pu: pn tm, lax, few-f: scales ofc lax, im, In. 18 to 24 inch. 26 undu tutus, 21- stlhr-ol, els, sea, to near summit: brh of pndiv, few- fl: c. F lr. 3. 27 sagittifolius, b. 2f. 1 ln-ol, ac, ss, sr in middle; rad ol, hr, ar, pe: st g, brh: scale ofc, im, In. 28 diversifalius, y. p. 21- 1 en, pu, sub-sea; lower cor, o, wipe: up ln-ol: pn loose, brh r. 3 f. 29 paniculafus, O. b-p. Au. to Nov. 21 1 o In, sub-sr, pe, g; rad o-hr, sr, pe; pe na: clax, sub-im. 2—4. F sml, nm. 30 cordifolius, O. S. 21- 1 hr, h be, sr, pe; pe wi: st pn, so: pn div: c lax, sub-im. F sml. 31 corymbosus, O. w. Au. 21- 1 o, sr, ac, so; lower hr, pe; pe na: st g, level-top-cmb ab: brh pilose: c ol, im: sea ot, c-p. F lr. 14 i. 32 macrophyllus, O. w-b. Au. 21- 1 o, pe, sr; up o-hr, ss; lower hr, p; pesub-mr: st brh: c cy, im: sea ol, a. 1—2 f. Fir. 33 amplexica.ulis, O. b. S. 21-1 o-ol, a, els, hr, sr, g: st pa, g; brh 2-f: sea ofc In, im. 34 prenanthoides, b. 21- 1 els, spt-ln, ac, sr in middle, hr-form at base: brh h: sea of c In, scurfy. 35 lavigatus, O. r-p S. to Nov. 21- 1 sub-cls, br-ln, sub-sr, so: st brh, g; brh my-f: scales ofc In, lax, eq disk. 36 versicolor, y. w. Au. 2£. 1 sub-cls, br-ln, sub-sr, g; rad sr in middle: st brh, g: scales ofc In, lax, sh than disk. F my, lr, elegant. 120 ASTER. 37 mutabilis, p. y. Au. to Oc. 21-1 sub-cls: up In, ac, en; lower In, at base nr, sr; wand brh: c sh than disk, lax: st g. 38 loevis, b-p. S. to Nov. 21- 1 sub-cls, rt, ol, en g; rad sub sr: brh si, 1-f: c-im, 1 sub-wd, a, thick at apex: st g, an. 39 concinnus, b-p. S. to Nov? 21- 1 In, sub-cls; lower sub-sr, g: st si, pn at top: c im. 40 puniccus, O. p. Au. to Nov. 21- 1 els, In, sr: brh pn: c lax, lgdk, 1 li-ln, sab-eq: st his. Var. St purple. From 3 to 10 feet: fir. 41 floribundus, 2f. 1 sub-cls, In; lower sr: st g: brh cmb; brh my f, h: scales ofc lax, In, im. 42 novi-belgii, w-p Au. 21- 1 sub-cls, In, g, rg at mr; lowersubrsr: brh sub-di: clax-im, 1 li-ln: st t, g. 43 bellidiflorus, r. y. 21- 1 els, nr-ln, sea ab, sub-sr be: st brh: scales of c In spr. 44 sjyectabilis. b. Au. 21. Un, sub-cls; lower sr in middle: brh cmb: 1 ofc lax, wd, a, scurfy. 2 feet: fir. 45 serotinus, b. 21- 1 ol-ln, ac, ss,-g; mr rough; lower sr: brh cmb, g; brh If; scales ofc In, ac, spr. 3 feet; fir. 46 tardiflorus, b. Oc. 21 • 1 ss, sr, g, spt-ln, ta to base, rx at mr both sides: brh div: c lax, 1 ln-li, sub-eq, g. Fsml. 47 blandus, p. Oc: 21 • 1 els, ol-ln, ac, sr, g: st brh in py; brh ax, r, lg than 1: pe d, not wi: c lax, sh dk. 48 acuminalus, w. 21. 1 br-ln, nr en at base, uneq sr ab, lg-ac; st si, fl, an; pn die; scales of c loose, li; has high st: pn my-fl; lower st. 49 conyzoides, O. w. Ju. 2f. 1 ol, 3-n, nr, a at base; up ss, sub-en; low- er pe, sr: st si, cmb at top: ccy. scurfy: rays 5, sh. 20 i high: fsml. 50 nudiflorus, r. 21- st si, so: 1 ss, In o, sub-ac, sr; up side sea: cmb si, few-f: pd h orna, 1-f: c-im: scales cil. 51 radula, w. S. 21- 1 In, sr, ac, rg, rough: st e, an, si: cmb tm: c im: 1 In, ot, scurfy. 52 strictus, y-r. S. 21- 1 ss, nr-ln, sr: st 1 or few-fab: scales ofc im, c-p, ol, a, eq disk. Four to seven i. 53 tradescanti, O. w-p. Au. 21- 1 In, sr. ss, g: brh wand-like: c im: st te, g. 3 to 4 feet: f sml: 54 recurvatus, O. b. S. 21- 1 ss, nr-ln, ta to base; lower sr in mid: st brh, g: sea ofc lax, im, li-ln, sub-eq. 55 laxus, w-y. S. to Nov. 21. 1 li-ln, ac; rgmr; lowersub-sr: stsub-rx: brh spr: stlax, pn at apex; c im: lln, a, rx at apex. 56 junceus, r. Au. 2f. 1 ln-li, ss, g; lower sub-sr; brh In: st pn, g; wand brh: c im. 2—6 57 dracunculoides, w. S. 2f. 1 li ac, en; lower li-ln, sub-sr; brh cmb: c im: st so. 3 or 4 feet. 58 miser, w. S. 21- 1 ss, In, sr, g: c im: 1 a: f of disk and ray eq: st sub-v. 59 divergens, O. w-r. S. 21 • 1 In, sr, g: cau li-ln, el: brh spr: c im: st pu. 3 to 5 feet: fsml. 60 diffusus, w. S. to Nov. 21-1 In, sr, g: bre spr: c im: st pu. Fsml. 61 pendulus, w. Oc. to Nov. 21- 1 In, s,, g; brh rt: brh divaricate, pen- dulus: st pu. 62 eminens, y. r. S. 21.. 1 ln-li, ac, scr at mr; un sub-sr: st pn; brh 1-f: < lax-im, with In 1. ASTER. 121 63 simplex, w. y. 21- 1 In, ac, sea at mr; cau sr at apex; those of brh en; st g, pnatapex: c lax-im, li-sub 1. 64 polyphyllus, w. y. 21- Hi, en; rad ones ol, sub-sr: stbrh, h: c lax-im, 65 Umccolulus, w. p. Au. 1 ln-li, ss, en, g; lower In, sub sr; st brh, g; c im, within spr 1. QGfragilis, w. 2f. 1 li, ac, en; rad ones ol, sr: brh cmb-pn; c im, with cp scales: st g. 2 f. 67 alutus. p. y. 2f. c sub-o; scales li a, rx, spr towards apex: rays, nm, nr: rec flat, sub-na, ol, pu: egret pilose; h sea: 1 o, ac, ta to pe, sr. 68 chin-.-nsis, 0. 1 o, to, pe: cau ones ss, at base wd; floral In, en; st his: brh 1-f: cl. E 69 tvrtif.dius, Au. 21- leu, ob, a, en pu: fss: scales of c li-ln, cp: 2 S. 70 grautlijliriis. p. y. Oc.21. 1 sub-cls, li, sub, rx, mr cil his: st h: brh 1-f, c rg; scales li In. 3 f. 71 cxilis, p. y. S. 21- g: st tall, sub-brh: 1 lg, li, sb: hd r: scales ofc ln-li, half lg as ray. 4—5. f. 72 racemosus, p. y. S. 2f. 1 ln-li, sub-pu be; mr sea; bih lg: hd ss, crd summit brh. M f. 73 squarrosus, b. y. S. 21- 1 n, ss, o, a, rx, rigid: mr his: stbrh, h: brh 1-f: scales inv In, h. 2f. 74 rcticu'atus, w. Au. 2f. 1 ss. ol,In, a, gltom, 3-n, ve be: f r: scales of c a. 3 f. 75 virgatus, b-p. 21- 1 ln-li, els, g: st sub-brh: brh e: hd r: scales of c a, squarrose. 3 or 4 f. 76 carotiniunw<, p. Oc. 21- st shrubby, fl, bre, pu: 1 ss# ol-ln, ta to each end: scales ofc ln-li, pu, sub-squarrose. 77 surculosus, p. y. Oc 21- st si, pu summit: 1 ob-ln, a, sub-sr, sea a^ up sml: f few, lr: scales ofc ol, o, rx, pu. 12—18 i. 78 discoidcus, p. S. 21- st e, sub-v: 1 spt-o, a, sr, h be: scales nf c sb, v, sub: f of ray none. 2—3. 79 staber, p. y. 2f. lower 1 pe, ol, cor, a, en; up ss, els, ln-o, ta to a point: 1 sea: pn loose, lg; brh r. 3 f. 80 dichotomus, w. p. y. Oc. 2f. 1 ss, ov, ot, pu: cmb sub-die: brh na, lg. 81 obovutus, w. y. M. 21. 1 ss, oob, ot, sub-rg, pu: cmb: sea ofc im. 82 cunescens, p. Au. 21. pu: 1 li: pn cmb, brh, 1: c im, a lg disk. 83 pauciflorus, w. Au. 21. st si, 3 to 6-f: 1 li. so, of st sb, and sub-cls: pd ax and tm, 1-f: c and pd pu. Salt springs. 10 i. 64 montanus, A. p-b. 1 In li, ss, en, silk-v, os 3-n, st e: brh 1-f: c hem ln-li, a, e 1. 85 obhngifalius, p. 2f. st 1 sea: 1 ln-ol, els, not h: st sub-fs few-f brh: c hem, a, ol-li 1. If 66 sparsiflorus, sub-g; 1 li, en, rx: stbrh: brh exp, se, 1-f: scales inv c-p. 67 heterophyllus, 2£. 1 g; cau ones o, sub-cor, ac, sr, en at apex; brh ol-o, sub-sr; those of brh In, rx-spr: st pn, g: c im. 88 adulterinus, y. p. 21- 1 els, In; lower sub-sr, g; those of brh li sqj: c squarrose, sh than disk: scales wd-li. 89 perigrinus, p-b. 21. 1 ss, rt, ln-ol, a, g: st e, sub-si, g, hir top, 1 to 3-fat summit: scales ofc ln-li. v, very a, lax, of lg of dk: rays nm. 90 gracilis, b. 2f. 1 ln-ol, rt gh-sr, a, els, so, sea mr: st h, cmb at top: pd fi, 2 3-f; It pd lg: c cy, im, li-ol, sub-a scales. Rays 12. 1 fi 01 albus, w. Au. 21. si: f ft-cmb; pd, f bearing brh, na, 1-f: 1 ln-ol, en. f 122 astragalus, aulaxanthus. Astrag'alus. 16—10. 93. Gr. astragalos, name of Icguminoui plants. Milk-vetch. 1 secundus, A. p. Ju. 21. prt: 1 o, pu: sk pd: le, straight, ac both ends. 2 canadensis, O. y. Ju. 2[. 1 21 g both sides: le sub-cy, in. On islands near Troy. 30 i. 3 caroUnianus. A. y. Ju. 2f. e: 1 ol, pu, re be: sk pd: bt ln-li, lg of pdi pd, pel, andc. pu: le o, beaked. 2—4 f. 1 ol 21. 4 atpinus. A. p. Ju. 21. prt: f pud, r: le a at ends, h. 5 paucifinrus, p. dc, cp-pilose: sti op, lower intire: 1 in 3 to 5 pa, ol, ai pd sh 1. 2 to 4-f; fsml in lax r: lit pd: teeth of h c eq tube. 6 adsiirgens, el, pr, g; 1 in 8 to 12 pa, ol: sti o, ac: pd lg 1: sk ol; f e| banner lg wi: le e, 3 sided. 7 succuinbctis, hir in all parts: st prt, fl, ram: sti sml, aC: 1 in Spa, ob: r capitate: le fal. F large. 8 diuphavus. prt: 1 in 5 to 9 pa, ob: f capitate, lax: bt ac: le, sub-rx. 9 /.cniiuinusus, prt, sub-g: 1 8-pa, ob: le o, ac, curved inf at base. 10 ir.f! xus. prt, d-v: st fi: 1 9 or 10 pa, ot: le o, d, curved. 11 glonosus, b. d: st sh, 5 i. 1 li-ol, in 6 pa: c lg-cy, with h. P. 12 la.niuinni, b. J. 21. st: cau bt ac: 1 sub-pu, ol, 6 to 8 pa pd ax tm. 13 molissimus, y-w. 2f. st-less, e, silk-d: sti. op to 1: 1 11 to 14. 14 glaux, 0. hd pd, im, o: f e: le o, inflated. E. 15 deprcssus, 21-sub-pc: 1 ob: r shpe: le t, In, rx. 16 glabcr, w. Ap. g: 1 nm, sml, ov, fringed: sk 3 to 6 f, lg pd: S. 17 obcordnius, w. g: del sml, 15 to 19. obcor: pd lg, 8to 12 fat top. 18 carnosus, b. p. J. st dc, h: 1 8to 10 pa, ln-ol: stio; rax, lg ofl: 2f. 19 gulcguiiides. stsub-e: 1 21, ln-ol, sub-pu be: pd ax, lg 1: sk crd: 2f. 20 ln/poglotds, st pc: 1 ol: sk o, pd, lg 1: le e, o. 21 gracilis. 2f. pu: ste: 1 sub-ss; 1 ol-li, 13 to 21, rt, rpd, lg 1: le sh. 22 micranthus, 0. 21. dc: 1 ov, em, g: pd 2-f, lg pe: le 2-ke, g: 7 i. Atherop'ogon. 3—2. 10. Gr. other, a bristle, andpogon, a beard. 1 ailudoitles, 21- sksh, nm, 20 to 40, rx: culm t, g: 1 h at base: she h. 2 oligostachyum, 21. sk 2 or 3, sub-tm, my-.'; c co pilose; va of coawn, Atrag'ene. 12—13. 61. Cr. athragene, Theophrastus for Clematis. 1 americana, O. b-p. M. 21. st cli, 6-an: 1 in 4 ter, cli pe: 1 g, hr-o, ac Atse'ma. 5—2. 60. Gr. a, without, and tremaz, a hole. 1 anericana, st fur: 1 my-cleft li div: u 5 to 8 rayed. A'triplex. 5—2. 29. Lat. atriplex, dark color. Orache. 1 halimvs, Tp 1 al or op, ol-sub-rh. 2 h'jrtcnsis, Ju. 0. st e, her: 1 tri, to, of uniform cl: c of fru o, en. 3f 3 laciniata, J. 0. st e, her: 1 trian, to, white be: fru rh, 3-n. 4 armaria. Ju. 0. sther: spr: 1 en, ol-o, sub-ss, white be; up aac 5 pat id a, Ap, ft. st her, spr: 1 trian, soab, to; up en: fru c sub-m ou 6 hastaia. Ju. 0. st e, her: 1 trian, to, uniform cl: c of fru sin-to. 7 angustflolia, J. 0. st her, divar; lower 1 to; up In, en: c of fru ln.ha 8 canescms. st shrubby: 1 ol-li. en, ot, ta toward base; young 1 a. 3£ 9 argentea, 0. sther, e: 1 delt, sub-cor, sub-ot, en, gl fru pp. 1 f. A'tropa. 5—1. 38. Atropos, one of the three fates. Nightshade 2. 1 physaloides, w-b. Ju. 0. st brh: c m, 5-an, net-ve; ber cov withe 2 belladonna, w-y. 21. sther: 1 o, en. Ber black. E. Aulaxanthus. 3—2. 10. Gr. aulax, a furrow, and anthos, flower. 1 ciliatus, E. 2{? ste: 1 li, cil: pneom. 2 f. g rufus, Au. st e: 1 g: pn lr, com: h on c yellow. % AVENA, BALTIMORA. 123 Ave'na. 3—2. 10. Lat. avco, to covet. Oats 4. 1 praecox, J. 0. pn dense r: fig asc: awn ex: lse. 4 i. 2 mollis, r in com sk: c2-f;'f awned, beardless—awns ,of lg of f: lculmh» 3 striata, A. pn com, few-f: c5-f: flgc, b-less: va striate, lg awn back. 4 sativa, J. 0. pn: c 2-seed: so, one awned. E. 5 sterilis, Ju. 0. pn: c 5-f: f h, middle awnle;s. Ani -v ted oats. 6 elatior, J. 21.. pn sub-nod: glui-f: fper. sub-awnless, s awned: culm fl. Avicen'nia. 13—2. 45. Avicenna, an Arabic physician. Mangle. 1 tomcatosa, Tp. 1 01 , ot. torn be. F in sub-ss clusters. 20. S. Aza'lea. 5—I. 50. Gr. azulcos, dry. Ploney-suckle. I procumbens. r. Ju Tp. 1-f; brh prt: 1 op, g: ram: co bl, g: fi enclosed. 2 calcndidacea, r. &. y. Ap. Tp. sub-na-f: 1 ol, pu, full grown rough h: f lr, not vise: teeth ofc ol: co hir tube sh di. 3 ccncscens, r. J. Tp. sub-na-f: 1 ob-ol, pu on up side, d be; n not brs: f not vis: tube of co sh di: teeth brs c sh, rd-ot: s ex. 4 arborescens, r. Tp. fl: 1 ob, sub-ot so, gla be, cil on mr; n so: tubes lg seg: c 1, ol a seg: fi ex. 15 f. 5 hispida, w. r. Ju. Tp. f h brh his: 1 Ig-ln, his ab, so be, gl, n brs be: mr cil: fviscous; tube lg than seg. 6 nudiflora, O. r. M. Tp. sub-n-f: 1 In ol, or oval, so pu: n up side d- be brs; mrcil: fmy; tubes lgdiv: teethe sh, ov, sub-rd: sex. 7 nitida, w. J. Tp. If; brh so: lfew, obln. g both sides, and up. 8 viscosu, O. w. J. Tp. 1-f: brh his: 1 ol-ob, a, both sidesgone cl: n brs fviscous; tube twice Igas di: te of c sh rd: fi lg than co. 5 f. 9 glauca, w. J. Tp. 1-f: brh his: 1 obln, a, both sides g, gl be; n brs-bea: f vise tube of co lg di: c sh: fi eq to di of co. S. 10 bicolor, r. w. M. Tp. na f: lob, on both sides h; n not brs: fsml. not vise; tube lgsegco: csh; one seg nr, and4-times lg: filg tube sml brh h. 2—8 fi Azol'la. 21—1, 5. Gr. azo, to make dry, alio, (ollumi,) to kill. 1 caroliniana, 1 distichous, im; o-ol, ot, spr. Floating, 1 red be. Bac'charis. 17—2. 55. Bacchus, to whom dedicated. Groundsel. 1 halimifolia, w. S. Tp. 1 ob, gh-to ab: pn com, 1: fas pd. 6—12 f. S. 2 angustfolia. g: 1 li, very en: pn com, my-f. 8—10 fi S. 3 scssiliflora, lso, cu ob, to. hd ax, ss, sc. 3—5 fi S. Balduin'a. 17—3. 55. Dr. Wm Baltlwin, of Geo. 1 uniflora, y. Ju. 21- st 1-f, si, pu: 1 nr, ob, en: egret lg as seed. 2f. S. 2 multiflora y 21? st DIdi> my-f, g: 1 li; 1 of inv ac: egret sh, cup-form. 30 i. S.' Ballo'ta. 13—1. 42. Gr. hallo, to send forth, and ous, (otos,) the ear False motherwort. 1 nigra, '>[■ 1 hr, undi, sr: 1 of c ac. E. Baltimo'ra. 17—4. 55. Lord Baltimore. 1 recta, y. Ju. 0. st die: 1 op, o, ac, sr, pe. S. Bapti'sia. 10—1. 93. Gr. bapto, to dye. Wild indigo 1. 1 tinctoria, O. y. Ju. 21. g and brh: 1 ter, sub-ss: lwd-ob, rd ot, sti os, ob, a, sh than pe: r tm: le 6, lg-sti. 3 f. 2 caaulea, sk, b. Ju. 2[. g: 1 ter, sh-pe; 1 ol-wd, ot: sti In, a, twice lg as pe: r sk, el: le ac. 3 alba, O. w. J. 21- brh spr: 1 ter, pe; lln, wd atbas3, ot, m, g: stisb, sh than pe: r tm. 2 fi S. 4 perfoliata, y. Ju. 21- g: 1 ov, en, glau: fax, si, 1-f:. le sub-glo. S. 124 BAPTISIA, BETULA, 5 lanceolata, y. Ap. 21- pu= Iter, cu, In, ot: fax, si; the tm ones r. 1—2f. 6 villosa, y-w. J. 2f• 1 ter, In, h: st and c v: sti li: r tm. 7 mollis, 21- st, 1 and c h: 1 ter; 1 In-rh: sti 1, In: r in tm sk: te ofc a. 8 braclata, O. w. Ap. pu: brh spr: 1 ter. pe; 1 In: rax, bt lg, br-sb. 2fc Barbare'a. 14—2. 63. St. Barbary. Water radish 1. 1 vulgaris, O. y. M. 21- lower 1 pnt, withtmlo rd; up 1 ob, to. 2 precox, 21- lower 1 ly, tm o-lo, up deeply pnt, li ol tm-lo. Barto'nia. 4—1. 46. Dr. B. S. Barton, screwstem. 1 paniculata, O. w. Ju. 0. st sub-rm, 4-sided: pd op, lower rm. 5—6i. Bart'sia. 13—2. 36. D. Bartseh. See Euchroma. False painted cup. 1 pallida, w-y. Au. 21- 1 al, li: up ones In: f sub-ov, sub-to at summit; all are 3-n: te of ca a. 2 acuminata, 21- 1 al, lg-li; f 1 o, lg-ac, 3-n, all undi: f sh than bt: te of c a. 3 tenuifolia, y. Ju. 2f. hir; 1 al, li, gh-pnt; di fi: bt ol, ot, to-hastate at base on each side, lgthan f: c sh, h, with sb te. 1 fi 4 alpina, p. Ju. 2f. 1 op, o, sub-cor, ot-ser, rg: anthers hir. 6 i. 5 gymnandra, b. 2f. 1 sub-op, o, ere; a pair rad ones pe: sk ol; wr bt cp. Bat'schia. 5—1. 43. J. G. Batsch, of Jena. False bugloss. 1. 1 cunescens, O. y. Ju. 21 • v: 1 ol: c very sh: di of co en. 2 gmelini, r-y. Ap. 21- hir; f 1 o: seg of c lg sub-In. 10—16 i. S. 3 longiflora, y. Ju. 2f. hir, e: 1 apx, lg-li: mr rx: fas fs: tube ofco sub- pentan: border flat, fringed crenatures. S. 4 decumbens, hir: st dc: seg of c and 1 li: f sc: lo of co fringed-cre^ sh than tube. Beckman'nia. 3—2. 10. Prof. Beckmann. 1 crucaeformis, Ju. pn 2-rowed, 1-sided, li: c 1 or 2-f, scamr: st hir. S. Beja'ria. 12—1. 50. Bejar, a Spanish botanist. 1 racemosa, w-r. 3. Tp. I ln-o, g: f r-pn, tm: st his. 3 f. S. Bel'lis. 17—2. 55. Lat. bcllus, handsome. D.ii.-y. 1 perennis, w. p. Ap. 21-1 ob, ere: scp na, 1-f. E. 2 integrifolia, cau: spr-brh, 1 en; lower ones ob; up In: 1 of c a and ac. S. Ber'beris. 6—1. 78. The Arabic name. Barberry. 1 vulgaris, y. M. Tp. brh punctate: pk, in threes: 1 ob, ser: fr. 2 pinnata, y. Ap. Tp. w arm: 1 pnt; 1 in three pa, ol, re-to, ve: pe 2-to. 3 nervosa, y. Ap. Tp. warm: 1 pnt; 1 6-pa, o-ol, re-sr, sm 5-n: pe en. 4 aquifolia, 1 in 2 and 3 pa, lower pa distant from base of pe; 1 o, near each other, sp-to, cor at base, 1-n: re: fi 2-to. Be'ta. 5—2. 29. Gr. letter Beta, which its seed resembles. Beet 1 vulgaris, g. Au. ft. f heaped: lower 1 o. E. 2 cicla, ft. fin threes: rad 1 pe, cau ones ss: ltsk lg. Be'tula. 19—12. 99. betula, Lat. Birch, 1 popnlfolia, Ju. Tp. 1 lg-ac, uneq sr, very g: scales of strobile rdlo. 2 excelsa, O. J. Tp. lo, a, sr: pe pu, sh pd? scales of strobile rdlt lo. 70 f. 3 rubra, Tp. 1 rh-o, sr, a, pube, base en: p am o: scales v: di li, eq. 70 f. 4 papyracea, fj.lo, ac, doubly-sr: ve hir be: pe g: p am pd, no. 5 lenta, O. M. \ . 1 ht-o, sr ac: n pe pilose be: scales strobile g. 80 f. 6 glandulosa, M. Tp. brh gld, g: 1 ob, sr, at base en, g, sub-ss. 2—8 f. BETULA, BOTRYCHIJM. ] 25 7 nana, M. Tp. sml g: 1 sml, wd-or, gh-cre, ve be: scales of am 3-par. 8 pu'mila, O. J. Tp. brh pu, 1 or-ob, pe, pube: p am cy. 2—3 f. Bi'dens. 17—'.]. 55. Lat. bis, two, and dens, tooth. Beggar ticks. 1 cernua, O. y. Au. 0. f sub-rayed: c lg f: 1 In, sub-cn, to. 2 chrysanlhemoides, 0. y. Au. 0. f drooping rays e, lg sub-eq c, 1 ol. 3 tripartita,, Au. 0. fd: c lg f: seed 3 awns: 1 3-cleft. 3 fi Afrondosa, O. y. Ju. 0. f d: c 6 times lg as f: lcil at base; 1 pnt. 5 connata, y. Ju. 0. fd: outerc 3 as lg as f: cau 1 ter: It 1 en; f ol In. 6 pilosa, Ju. 0. f el: outer c of lg of inner: lower 1 pnt; up ter: 1 ol. 7 bipinnata, y. Ju. 0. f sub-ra: outer c lg of inner: 1 2-pnt; lln, pnt. 8 beckii, Au. y. 2f. sub 1 cap, di into my pa, die: fe, tm, si. 9 gracilis, y.? 21- g: 1 pnt-5-cleft: di nr-li, en: st sub-ram, e: ftm. 2 £ Bigno'ma. 13—2. 40. Abbe Bignon. Trumpet flower. 1 radicans, O. r. & y. Ju. Tp. lpnt: 1 o, to, ac: cmb tm: tube co 3 lgc. 2 cruvig'rra, y-r. J. Tp. 1 conjugate; lower ter: 1 hr-o, ac: r ax: st m. S. 3 caprcoluta, r. March, 'fp. 1 conj, lower ter: 1 ter, cor, ac: rax: st rough. Blech'num. 21—1. 5. Gr. Blechnon, fern. Roman fern 1. 1 borealis, Au. 2f. barren fr pnt; di In, ot, parallel: ferfrpnt- Hi, ac 2 serrulalum, 21- fr pnt: 1 In, ta to both ends, at base de, sharp-sr. 3 virginicum, frpnt; 1 my-cleft. In, ss, pnt, a, diot, quite en. S. 4 radicans. fr bipnt; lln, ere, ss, at base, sr with a fine callus, ac, ve be. Bi.ktia. 18—1. 21. Louis Blet. 1 aphylla, y. r. Au. 2f. 1-less: scp t, scalyr, ta near: scales o, al. 18i. S. 2 vcrecumlu, Ju. 2f. radl br-ln, n: scp my-f; inner pt converg. Bli'tum. 1—2. 29. Gr. biiton, insipid. Strawberry blight. 1 capitatam, O. r. J. 0. hd in a tm sk, not intermixed with 1: 1 trian. 2 virgaiunur. 3. 0. lthdsc, top ones 1: 1 trian-to. 3 maritinium, 21? c ax, sk, na: 1 In, ta to each end, gh-to. 2—3 f. 4 cheuopodioides, 0.1 sub-trian, sub-to, ta to ends: blm ax, 1, stvti pt. S. Bcebe'ra. 17—2. 55. Boeber, a Russian. 1 cltrqsanJhcmaides, y. Au. 0. stpn: lop. sub-pnt, g, a. S. B;eiime'u!\. 19—4 98. In honor of Bcehmer, a German. False nettle. 1 cylindfica, O. g. Ju. 2f. 1 op, o-ol. ac, to, g: f sub-dice: s sk glm. 18 i. 2 latc.rijhra, Ju. 21. 1 al, o-ln, ac, sr, rough: fit: st her. l o-n, on pe. Boerhaa'via. 3—1. 32. Boerhave. 1 crccta, w. p. J. 2f. st trie, soab: fin cmb pn. S. Bolto'nia. 17—2. 55. Js. Bolton, naturalist, and artist. False aster. 1 astero'rles, w-r. Au. 2f. lvery en: f Ig-pd: seed ov, g. 2 gl/isti/jlia, w. Ju. 2f. lower 1 sr; f sh-pd: seeds obcor, wi pu. 3 diffusa, w. y. S. 21? 1 ln-li, mr sea: pn diffuse, my-f: seed ob, em. S. Boot'ia. 11—13. 92. Francis Boott, of Boston. 1 sylvestris, w. J. 21. h d: st e, fur: lower 1 pnt; 1 ss, ov,2-to: femb. Bora'go. 5—1. 43. bor, heart, and ago, to affect. ] officinalis, b. Ju. 0.1 al: c spr. E. 2 iifricana. 0. lop, pe, o: pd my-f. Borkhau'sia. 17—1. 53. M. Borkhausen. 1 caroliniana, y. Tp ? 1 ln-ol. g, rarely to, sm pnt: st e, few-f; pd In\ 2 f. Bo'rya. 20.—2. 96. M. Bory de St. Vincent. 1 porulosa, 1 ln-ol, ot, ss, cr, dotted un side; mrre. 2 acuminata, 1 ln-ov, ta each end, pe mem. BotryVhtum. 21—1. 5. Gr. botrus, a bunch of grapes. Grape fern. 3 fumarioides, 3. 2f. scp na: frg, rad. 3-par, 2-pnt; 1 lunate, ere: sk pnt. 126 B0TRYCH1UM, BUPLEUROM. 2 obliquum, Ju. scp 1-fr: fr sub-biter; 1 ol-ln, ser, dilated at base, hr. 3 disscetum, scp below, Mr; fr_3-par, 2-pnt; di li, 2-par, at apex 2-to. 4 viro-iuicuin. O. J. Ju. hir: scp in the middle fr: fr sub-ter, 3-par. 5 grucils. g: scp in middle fr: fr 3-par, 2-pnt; di gh-sub-pnt, a, sub-to 6 simp!,-x,t'3. g: scp below, 1-fr: fr si, 3-lo or 3-cleft: seg uneq. Bra'chye'ly'trum. 3—2. 10. Gr. brachus, short, and clutron, sheath. 1 erectam,Ju. 21. pu: culm si: pn with few brh. Bra:iy'kis. 17—2. 55. Gr. brachus, short, and acheiron. a chaffy scale. 1 sarothrae, y. 2f. st nm, an, sea, na below, cmb ab: brh few-f at top. S. Bras'sica. 14—2. 63. Gr. brasso, to boil. Cabbage. 1 oriniUdis. ft. 1 hr, els, g; rad ones en: silique 4-sided. E. 2 napus, ft. ro cau, fit: 1 so; up ours hr-ln, els: low ones ly-to. 3 rapu, ft ro cau, or, dc fleshy: rad 1 rg; cau en, so. 4 ol.cn cm, ft. ro cau, t fleshy: 1 so, gl, re-lo. Bray'a. 14—2. 63. Count Bray. 1 alpina, 2f. 1 !•: sen scarcely 1: bt-hearing, r ct. Brlckei.'lia. J7—1. 54. Dr. Brickell. 1 cjrdijlli':, p. Au. lower lcor, ac, pu; upot: inv my-f: co tubular. Bri'za. 3—2. 10. Gr. britho, to nod. Rattle-snake grass. 1 media. J. 2f. pn e: sk hr-o, 7-f: c srnl f. 1 f. 2 maxima, 0. sk cor, with 17 fin each, c chesnut-brown. E. BsomiE'A. 6—1. 16. James Brodie. 1 graniliflyra, Ap. 2f. u my-f: f pd: s al, with mem mr. Bho'mus. 3—2. 1:). Gr. bromos, wild oats. Chess, broom-grass. 1 sccdinus, O. J. 0. pn no: sk o, cp: glu na, awns sh, sb, straitish. 2 cildatus, 2f. pn no: sk rd. cp, 6 to 8-f: fawned at mr, cil-v. 3 p:i!;.:scens, 3. 2T. cuhn h below: sh pn no, pu: c less co, 8 to 12 f. 4 pat-guns. Au. 2f. pn no: skin, t: fawned, awns e: lg both sides. 5 mollis, Ju. pn e, pd ram: sk o: fim, depressed, n, pu: brst lg as c o. 6 allissim.-s, J. 21- pn no. sk ol, 6-f: f pu: outer va 3-n. 1 f. S. Broussone'tia. 20—4. 98. Broussonnet. Paper mulberry. 1 papyr'.pra, Tp. 1 sub-cor, lo or undi: ro sg off suckers. 20 f. Brunni'chia. 8—3. 28. Prunnich. 1 cirrhisa. 21- climb: 1 cor, a, g, en: pntm: bt o, mucronate. S. Buchne'rv 13—2. 35. John Godfrey Buchner. Blue hearts. 1 am.ricana. O. b. Au. 21. st si: 1 lnsub-dt, 3-n; f re, sk. Bume'liv. '"■—I. 48. Gr. birameUa. 1 /•/'■/' ;/..'■•.-, g-w. M.' Tp. sp e: 1 br-ln, so both sides. S. 2 rcrlinnt.-. J. Tp. sp spr: sterile brh spr; 1 sm, ob, so. 3 I'inu^in,-sa, g-y. 3. b-sp: brhh; 1 ln-ov. woolly un side. 10f. 4 tzn-ix, £-y. T-. sp: 1 ln-wd, ot d be. 25 f. 5 o'dongijdlia, Tp. <.-.»: 1 ol-o, ot, nrat base, h be: fsub-ss, nm: seg 3-cleft. Bu'ni-'.s. 14—1. 63. Gr. bounos, a little hill. Sea rocket. 1 maritir.ri, p. Ju. 0. 1 wd-ol, ot, sin-to: joints of silicle 1-seeded; up o. 2 edcntula, Ju. 0. 1 ob, sin: silicle with 2 so, l-seeded, to-less joints. Buphthai.'mdm. 17—2. 55. Gr. bous, a bull, and optlialmos, the eye. Ox-eye. 1 fruitsct.as, y. 3. Tp. 1 op, wd-ln, whitish: pe 2-to. 2 f. S. 2 angustijuldnii, 2f. 1 al, li, br near summit, en, g: inv a, In, 1. 8 sagittalu.-:i, T. J. 2f. torn: rad llg-pe, ol sagittate, en, 3-n; cauol, ta. Bufleu'rum. 5—2. 60. Gr. bous, ox, pleuron, rib or side. J. rotundifuliam, y. J. 0. 1 si pr. inv none. 2f. E. Thorough wax. BUXUS, calycAnthus. 127 Bux'us. 19—4. 96. Gr. puxos, of pukazo, to thicken or make hard. 1 sempermrens, b. 1 o, pe, h atmr: anthers o, ar. E. Box. Caca'i.ia. 17—1. 55. Gr. kakalia, a name by Theophrastus. Wild caraway. 1 suaveolens, w. Au. 2f. st her: 1 pe, sr, g, green on sides: f cmb, e. 3 £ 2 atriphcifolia, w. Au. 21- st her: 1 pe, g, gibe; rad cor, to; cau rh. 3 remjormis, w. Au. 21. sther: 1 pe, g be, pilose at ve; radhr; cau to. 4 ovata, w. S—Oc. st her: 1 o, ot to, n, glau be; lower pe: inv 5-1. a 5 lauceolata, y-w. sther: 1 nr In, a at each end, to, n, gla be. 4—6 f. 6 tubcrosa, rotu: sther: 1 pe, o, ot, 5-n, en: f crmb, sub-fs: c na, 5-£ Cac'tus. 11—1. 85. Gr. kaktos, prickly pear. 1 opunlia, y. J. 2f. cp, o: brs fas. 2 viviparus, r. Ju. 2f. id, ces: tubercles cy, b, abthe fur. S. 3 mammilluris, tubercles o, t, b: fex: ber scarlet eq tubercles. Iferox, y. &, r. Ju. lg spi; spi double; lg rad: fru dry. sp. Sfrugilis, sh, ol, sm t, sp double: f si, sml: fru dry sp. 6 cylindricus, p. b. brh: tm brh lg cy articulations. Cala'dium. 19—12. 7. some kinds of Arum. 1 glaucum, 3. ft. st-less: gl, hastate-cor, ac; lo ol, ot: spa summit ov. Cal'amagros'tis. 3—2. 10. G. kalumos, a reed, and agroslis, grass. lcoareiata, Ju. 2f. pn sk, c lg than co, ca: lg than egret,.awned below. Cal\.min'tha. 13—1. 42. Gr. calamos, a reed, and tnintha, mint. 1 nepeta, r-w. J. 2f. pu, brh: 1 o, ot, sub-sr: wrp'd, dic-cmb, lg than 1. 2 grandiflora, i. Ju. 1 o, ot, ere, so: wr my-f, on sh pd, sh 1. 12—18i, Calen'dula. 17—4. 54. Lat. calendx, the first day of every month. 1 officinalis, y. 0. seed ke, m, incurved. E. Cal'la. 19—12. 7. Gr. hallos, beauty. Water arum. 1 pabustris, O. w. J. 2f. 1 sub-rd, hr, a: spa o, cuspidate, spr. Cal'licar'pa. 4—1. 41. Gr. kallos, beauty, and karpos, fruit. 1 americana, r. 3. I sr, torn un-neath. 3 fi S. Cal'ligo'num. 12—4. 28. Gr. kallos, beauty, and gone, joint. 1 cancscuis, 3. Tp. dio, 1 In: fin ax glo, sk ends brh: fru wi. S. Cal'litri'che. 1—2. 88. Gr. kallos, beauty, and trix, (trichos,)hair. 1 verna, O. w. 0. up 1 spt-ob; lower li, ot: f pol: mr of cap ot. 2 autumnalis, Au. 0. Hi, 1-n, em: cap with an a mr: f per. S. 3 teristris, Ju. 0. prt, diffuse: 1 ol, uniform, ot: cap grooved mr. Ca'lochor'tus. 6—3. 14. Gr. kallos, beautiful, chortos, fodder. 1 elegans, w. &-p. 2J. scp n 3-f, sh single 1: pt woolly withh-. S Cai.'tha. 12—13. 61. Gr. kalathos, a basket. Cowslip. 1 paluslris, O. y. Ap. 21- ste: 1 cor, sub-or, a-cre. 12—18 i. 2 integer'rima, y. 2f. ste, cmb: 1 en, with a closed sinus, or-hi: fl ss. 3 parnassifolia, y. 3. 2f. st e, l-f, 1-1: rad 1 hr-o, ot, lew-to, my-n. 4 flabellifolia, y. 3. 2f. st prt: 1 spr-ren: lo spr, a sharp: pd ax, si, 1-f. 5 natans, w. 2f. st prt, floating: 1 hr-ren, ere; loapx; behind os ere, 6 sagittata, w. scp 1-f: 1 o, ot, en, hr-sagittate at base, auricles ab. Calycan'thus. 11—13. 92. Gr. kalux, a calyx, and anthos, a flower. Carolina allspice. 1 laeviga'tus, p. M. Tp. segc In: 1 ol or ov, ac, sm rg, so and green. 2 floridus, p. M. b. di ofc In: 1 br-ov, a, torn bs: brh spr. 3—7 fi S. 3 inodorus, Ap. b. seg ofc li-ln, pu: 1 In, sea and shining p, up so. 4__6 f. 4 glaucus, J. b. seg of c In: 1 In, lg ac, gl be: brh spr. 6—8 fi 128 CALYMENIA, CARDAMINE. Calyme'nia. 3—1- 32. Gr. kalux, a calyx and umen, a membrane. 1 decumbeus, r. J. strd, dc: 1 en, nr, ss: pd ax. Calyp'so. 18—1- 21. Gr. kalupto, to conceal. 1 americana lip nr, sub-unguiculate at base: spur 2-cleft: dia: pdlggm. 2 borcalis, p'-r. J. 2f. rad 1 si, rd-o, n: scp 1-f, she. Cameli'na. 14—1. 63. Old Fiench name. Mad wort. 1 sati'va y. 3- Q- silicle ob, py, mr, tipped with pointed style; 1 sub-en. C \!\ii"in'ula. 5—1. 52. Lat. campanula, a little bell. Bell flower. 1 rotundifolia, O. b. J. 21- g: rad 1 hr-ren, ere: cau li, en: pn lax, few-f. 2 amplcxieaulis, O. b M. 0. st si, e: 1 hr, ere, cl: fax, ss, glm. 12-18 i. 3 americana, b-w. Au. 2f. 1 o-ln, lg-ac: lower sub-cor, with pe cil: fax. 4 acuminata, b-w. Ju. 21. so, e: 1 o-ln, ending in a lg ac point, sub-sr. 5 erinoides. O. w.b. J. 0. st si, an: an mr n ofl pk: 1 li-ln, g on up side. 6 nitida, b. Ju. 2f. g: rad 1 ol-spt, cr, ere; cau ln-ol, sub-en: f r: co bl. 7 unijl.ira, pu: rad 1 rd-ob: cau ln-li, smto: st about 1-f. 8 medium, w. b. Au. ft. cps 5 cell: st undi, e, 1: f e. E. 9 speculum, b. Au. 0. stbrh, 1 ol, sub-cre: f si, scales at base w. 10 lanuginosa, 1 o, ig, ere, ta into the pe: stsi: f sub-ss, e, spr. 11 diviuicata,, b. Au. 21.1 In, a, with lg ser, g: pn expanding: f no. 2f. S. Cam'phoros'ma. 4—1. 29. Lat. Camphora, camphor, and Gr. osme. I glabra, 21- 13-sided, g, unarmed. S. Can'na. ' 1—1. 20. Celtic word can, a reed or mat. 1 -flae'eida, y. 3. 21. co 3-cleft; seg flaccid. 2—3 f. S. 2 angustifolia, r. Au. 21. 1 pe, In, ribbed: interior limb of co 3-cleft. Can'nabis. 20—5. 98. Gr. kannabis, hemp. 1 satin:, g. Au. -0. st pilose: 1 pe. dg, 1 In, ser, pilose: sf si, ax, p sk. E. Can tua. 5—1. 35. Peruvian name. 1 longiflora, very g: 1 pnt: ftm, lax-cmb pn, pd: tube ofco lg, tubular. 2 pungens. 1 dg, sub-fas; di sb, pungent: di of co ob, ot. 3 coroin.pf.Hia, O. r. y. Ju. ftl 1 put: ftm, pd, in looser: c3as lgc. S. 4 aooreva'ta, r. J. ft.pu: 1 put: ftm and It, so in hd. sub-ss: di conr. 5 p7niijiora, b. J. 0. pu, diffuse: 1 put; di lg-li: pd si, 1-f, tm, opl. Cai'k\'kia. 13—2. 37. Lat. capra, a goat. 1 pu.dllu, 3. w. 0. h: 1 op, cor, re-to, pe: pd ax, lg pe. 2 multijida, g-w. Ju. 0. e, viscid-h: up 1 3 in a wr, my-cleft: pd si. S. 3 bifiora, 21- lal, o, sr: fpa. Capsicum. 5—1. 38. Gr. kaplo, to bite. Cayenne pepper. 1 annuum, y-g. w. Au. 0. sther: pd si. 10—18 i. E. 2 buccatum, b- st so: pd in pa. S Cardaiu'ine. 14—2. 63. Gr. kardia, the heart, and damao, to tame. Water cress. 1 bellidifoiiu, w. 21.1 si, rd-o, en: pe lg: f-bearingstlg asl. 2 rotundifolia, w. 2f. 1 sub-or, en, so, pe: stsi, prt. 9—15 i. 3 rhomboidea, O. w. M. 21- 1 rh-o, os to, g; rd, lg-pe: ro tuberous. 15 i. 4 articulata, 2\. st na: lradT gh-to, g: siliques thick, sub jt. 5 teres, w. J. 2J. sml, c, ram: 1 all sub-ly-pnt: silique sh, t, ac. 6 peiiiisijlcunica, O. w. 21. g, brh: 1 pnt: 1 ol, ot, lowerl br to-an 1. 12i. 7 prci;nsis, O. r-p. 21. si, g, e: 1 pnt; rad 1 rd, to; cau In, sub-en. 8 zirginive'i, w. 21- g, e: lpnt; 1 In, sub-au: silique lg, e. 5—8 i. 9 hirsuta, 0. 1 pnt, h. lof rad ones rd, pe; up ol, snb-ss: pe ol. 10 spathulula, w. Ap. 0? sml: stdc: rol spt, pu; cau nr, cu en, to. S. 11 unifljra, st less si: 1 ot ly-pnt: pd rad, 1-f. cardamine, carex. 129 12 mullifiia, 2f. h, brh: 1 int pnt; 1 2-pnt, rd gh di: silique sh. Car'diosper'mum. 8—?. 65. Gr. kardia, the heart and sperma seed. 1 halccicabum, O. Au. 0: g: 1 inc and lo; tm one rh. S. Car'duus. 17—1. 54. Applied to prickly plants, used to card wool. Comb thistle. 1 pectinalus, p. ft. warm: 1 dc, In, pnt: pd 1-less, tm, lg, 1-f: fno. Ca'rex. 19—3. 9. Lat. carere, to want. Sedge. Iwartuski ddiana, 3. 21- sk si, si: 1 flat: fru-bearing sk sm with 3 sti, ol, a, cy, im: fru o and sub-o, sh beaked, h, eqoa scsle. 2 exilis, 2f. sk si: 1 3-sided, brs: fru sk s below, sub-dense-f, si: fru ln- o, div, scaatmr; scale lg than fru, o, a. J6 i. 3 sterilis, O. M. 2f. sk in fives, ss, apx: fru o, ac sm beak sub-2-cleft, 3-sided cp, sea at mr; eq o a scale. 8 i. 4 bromaides, O. M. 21- sk my, al, ol, e, up s below, others p, ab and below s in mid, fru e, In. 14 i. 5 ccphalophora, 2f. sk o, sub in fives, threes, orsevens, bt: fru o, ac, cp, bifid, mr sea, eq sml sea scales. 20 i. 6 rosea, O. M. 2f. sk sub in fours, al, rt, ss, lower with lg se bt: fru In ol, convex ah, mr sea, 2-to, div, twice lg o ot scale. 12 i. 7 rctr >fl:a, (.). M. 21.• sk fours, al, o, sub-ss, bt: fruo, a, 2-to, mr gsca, spr, eq o a scale. 12 i. 8 muhlcnberghii, 21. sk al sub in fives, ot, s ab: fru o, cp, n, 2-cleft, mr sea, sub-di, a little sh than o scale. 15 i. 9 stipata, O. M. 2f. sk dec; sk nm, ol, ag, bt: fru ln-o, t at base, sea at mr, n, bifid, div, twice as lg as ln-o scale. 2 f. 10 mnh'-jhra, M. 21..sk a'> apx, bt, ss; sk ol-o, ot, bt: fruo, ac cp, im, bifid, 3-n, div, sml o scale: fruep or ac, sml. 20 i. 11 sparganoi'/cs, M. 2f • sk sub in eights, o, bt: fru a, cp, sea at mr, div, ac, 2-to, twice as lg as o, scale. 20 i. 12 dispcr'ma, O. M. 2f. sk sub in threes, sub-apx, e, lower one bt: fru o, ot, u, g, twice aslg as o, a, scale. 10 i. 13 sctaceu, 3. 2f. skss, al, apx, bt; sk o, ot, bt: fru ln-o ac, cp, bifid, di, about cq to ln-o awn scale. 2 f. 14 paniculata, O. M. 2f. sk sm die, o, pn: fru ln-o, ac, n, 2-to, cil-sr at mr, g at bas?, sh than o, a, ac seale. 2 fi 15 teretius'iul'i, 2f. sk twice com; sk clust: fru spr: st rd. Sm die pol. 16 muricata, M. 2f. sk bom; sk sub in sixes, o, ss, apx; fru o ol-o, ac, div, bifid, sea at mr, twice lgas o scale, or eq to ln-o one. 1 f. 17 bicolor, 21- sk in threes, o, sub-ss, e: fru ob, ot, sub-cp: scale o, ot 6 i. 13 loliacen, 2f. sk in threes, few-f, ss: fru ov or o, ot, sub-cp, spr, n, en at orifice, 2 lg as a, o scale. 19 dewaiji, 3. 2f. sk sub in threes, ss, o, al, sub-distant, up one w bt: fru ln-ol, ac, 2-forked, sub-sea mr, lgthan ln-ol, sh-awned scale. 3f. 20 trispcrma, 3. 21- sk in threes, al, ss, o; up one w bt: fru ol, a, en at orifice, my-n, sub-sea at apex, sub spr, lg ol, a scale 20 i. 21 scoparia, 2f. sk al, o, ss, in fives; lower caducous bt: cps In, n, g, e, lg than In ac scale. 20 i. 22 lagopodioides, M. 2f. sk crd, nm, scales sml: cps ov-ol, ac, spr, mr; orifice 2-to. 2 f. 23 straminea, 2f. skcp; sk sub in sixes, o, ol, al, ss, sub-apx: fru br-o, rd, cp, wi, cil-sr, n, 2-to, lg ln-c scale. Fru sh-o lg than scale. 18 i. 24 foena, 21. skcp; sko ag, ab; fru o, ac, sea mr, 2-to, eq to ln-ol scale. 2 £ 130 CAREX. 25 cristata, 3. 21- sk ss, 6 to 14, glo,bt: fru ol-o, cp, di, wi, ac, bifid, cil- sr mr, lg ln-ol scale. 2 f. 26 stelluata, 21- sk in fours, osubrt, ss: fru o, sub-ac, cp, sub-bifid, sea at mr, div and rx, lg than o ot scale. 10 i. 27 scirpoides, 21- sk in fours, ss, o, otf bt: fru o, cor, cp, sea at mr, lg than o, a scale. 10 i. 28 curta, O. M. 2f. sk in fives, sub-apx: scales sub eq: fru rd a, sub-con- vex ot an; flat be, andrd ab; orifice 2-to. 20 i. 29 festucacea, 2[. sk ss, al, o, apx 5—8 bt: cps rd-o, wi 2-to, cil-sr at mr, lr than ln-o, scale. 2 f. 30 ten'era, 2f. sk about in fives, ob, rt, al, ss, below; bt: fru o, cp, sb, n, cil-sr, lr than ln-ol scale. 2 f. 31 siccata, 3. 21- sk cp; tm sk ot; lower ones in fours, o, a: fru ln-o, ao, cp, sea at mr, bifid, n, eq ln-o scale. 15 i. 32 novae angliae, 3. 2£. s sksh, slender, up fru-bearing; p sk 2 or 3, r, ss, o, al, few-f, bt: fru sub 3-sided-ov, sub-pu, lgo scale. 7 i. 33 aurea, 2f. s sk sh pe, w bt; p sk in threes, ol, lax-f, sub-pd; sk expd, sub-apx, bt: fru ob, ot, n, sub-ventricose, en at orifice, lg o, a scale. 6i. 34 saxat'ilis, M. 21. sk ol, e; scales ot; p sk in threes, al, up o, ss, lower sub-ol, sh-pd, bt: fru o-ot or ol-ov, sub-cp, orifice en, sub-pu. 35 acuta, M. 21. s sknmor one, ol e, up pd, restsssh; p sksmin threes, ol, cy, re, ss, lower pd, often s at apex, dense-f: fruov, cp, a, g. 2£ 36 cespitosa, M. 2f. s sk sm si, e, ol; lower ss; p skin threes, ol-cy, dense- f, ss, s at apex: fru ov and ob, con both sides, ot, g, en lgol ot scale. 37 aquat'ilis, M. 21. ssknm, or one, e; psk sh-pd, cy, in threes, clavate ab, dense-f, sub-e, sm sat apex: fru ov sub-lens, g, en eq o a scale. 2 £ 38 stricta, M. 21. s sk in pa, e, ol, 3-sided; p sk in threes, cy, e, s apex, a ab, sh-pd: fru o, cp, a, g, en orifice, lg than ol a scale. 15 i. 39 crinila, O. M. 21. s sk two, often with fru; p sk with 3 stg, in threes, ol-cy, pe, no, ta below, s ab: fru o, sub 3-sided, sh, g, orifice en, sea scale. 40 polylrichoides, O. M. 2f. sk tm, ol: fru sm fives, ol, al, sm 3-sided, g, em, twice lg as o ot scale. 10 i. 41 leuczglochin, 3. 2[. sk 4-f; s f si: fru In, 3-sided-t, rx, twice as lg as ln-ol scale. 6 i. 42 frascri, 2f. sk cy: fru glo-o trian, en at orifice, lg ol scale. 1 f. 43 ovata, sk in fours and fives, o, dense-f, pd, pnd, bt: fru o, cp, ac, bifid, eq to o, a scale. 44 wildenowii, 3. 2[. st 1 to 3 from same ro: one sk s ab, bv at base: fru 3 to 6, glo-o, sub in, sub 3-sided: scales o, a, inferior, fi, lg. 10 i. 45 pedunculata, O. Ap. 2f. sk in fives, 3 lg-pd: fru ob, 3-sided, re at apex, g, lg than ol or ob scale. 6. i. 46 squarrosa, 21- sk one, two, or 3 ol-cy: fru im, o with a lg beak, 2-to, spr, g, lg In scale. Var. sk Ig-cy, ta ab, in pa, apx. 47 atrata, 21- sk sub in fours, ol o, sub-no, tin, s below; up crowed, ss; lower distant, pd rd-ov, cp, g, sh-beaked, with a 2-lipped aperture. 1 £ 48 vircscens, 2f. sk in threes ol, e, al; up pd, be s; fru sub-ss, bt: fru o, ot, pu, eq the o, pu scale. 20 i. 49 hirsuta, 21- sk in threes, ol, al, e; up one sh-pd a s below; rest sub- ss, 1-bt; all apx, dense-f: fru 3-sieed-o, n, ot, en at aperture, eq scale. 50 buxbaumia, 3. 21- sk distinct, in fours; up sk s, pd, clavate, fru ab; rest fru-bearing, ol, rt, ss, bt, sm with 2 stg: fru ol-o and ob, ot. 18 i. CAREX. 131 Bl viridula, 21- sk in threes, ov, ss, apx; tm, s below; lower ax: fru o, 3-sided, g, ac, eq o ac scale. 1 f. 52 formosa, 21- skol, thick 1-sided, in fours, ex pd, no; up s below: fru ol, 3-sided, a at both ends, a sub-en or 2-lo orifice, twice lg as o, scale. 53 grucdlima, 21. sk lg, lax-f, in fours, ex pd; up s; all bt: fru ol, 3- sided, ot, sub 2-lo orifice, lg ol, ot, sh-awn scale. 54 torrcyana, M. 2f. fru sk in threes, ol, with sc f, rt, ex pd, sub-pnd: fro ol, ta at base, 3-sid, n, a, sh, witha 2-lobed orifice, eqto ol scale. 18i. 55 fuliginosu, 21. sk ol, in fours; tin ones below; lg ones ex pd, no: fru ol, bifid at apex, Iglhan ol scale. 56 pidns ■ins, M. 21. s sk 3-sided, sub-ss; psk in threes, ol, sub-lax-f, e, bt, lower pd: fru o-3-sided, beaked, sub-en orifice, pu lg o-ol scale. 18 i. 57 vcstita, 2f. s sk sm sml cy-ol, up el, pd: p sk pa, o ol, ss, sub-ap, bt, sm s ab: fru o, ol, 3 sided, n, sh beaked, bifid, pu, lg o scale. 1 f. 58 vari'i, O. Ap. 21- s ske, sh or lg; p sk in threes, o, ss, sub-apx, few- f: fru ov, glo-3-sided, ac, bifid? pu, eqto o, ac scale. 10 i. 59 marginata, Ap. 21- s sk e, pd, sm 3-sided; p sk in pa, o, suc-ss, sub- apx, few-f: fru glo-o, sh-beaked, 2-to, torn, eqo ac, ol scale. 15 i. 60 fla.va, 2f. s sk sm 3-sided, from base with p, sh-pd; psk in threes, o-ol, apx, pd: fru o, 2-to, rx beak, lr than ln-o scale, lb i. 61 oederi, 2f. sske; p sk in fours, ag, sub-ss, bt, sm ol; up sk s ab or below, or both: fru sub-o, n, 2-to, sb beak, lg o scale. 62 tentaculata, M. 21- ssk sub-ss, bt; p sk in pa or in threes, ol, cy, btj up ss, restsh pd: fru o, inf, lg-beaked, 2-to, n, g, di, cp, 2 lg scale. 8L 63 collinsii, 21. sk distinct; se; p sm threes, ss, few-f: fru sb sm inf-ln, 2-lg beak, gen orifice 2-lg In scale. 1 fi Qifoltituluta, O. M. 21- sk distinct: s ol, pd; psk sm in pa: apx, few-f, e, pd; fru conic-o, ac, beak, 2-to, lg, g, n, inf, div, 3 lg o scale. 20 L 65 xanthophysa, M. 2f. sk distinct; p thick, in threes, lax-f, o, pd, 1-bt; fru ol, inf, lr, beak, div, 2-fork orifice, lg ln-o, scale. 2 to 5 f. 66 lupulina, O. M. 2f. s sk e; p sk three four, o-ol, thick, or cy, e, apxj fru o, inf, lg, n, g, thrice lg ln-o, ac scale. 3 fi 67 davisii, M. 21- s sk ss, sh; p sk pa or 3, apx s, o, ss, feyv-f; rad lg pd: fru 3-sided, ta at base, beak, pu, eq o scale: culm de. 8 i. 68 nigra-marginata, 2f. sk; s sk ss; p sk pa, o, ss, apx s; rad lg sn> in 3, fru o, sm 3-sided, 2-to, pu, eq o a scale., 6 i. 69 coltccta, 2f. s ske, lax-im, pd; psk sm in 3, o, few-f, bt; lower sh- pd: fru o, sm 2-to pu, lg o, a scale. 15 i. 70 plantaginea, O. Ap. 21- s ske, pd; p sk sm ol, fsm sc, e, rt, ex pdj fru ol, ov-3-sided, sub-cu, ta at ends, curved at apex, lg o scale 18 i. 71 anceps, O. M. 21- s sk ol, sh-pd; p sk sm 3, sub-fi, e, al, sc f: pd 2- edged; up skss, sm rt pd: fru ov, el at base, ta at apex, al. 1 f. " 72 alba, 21- s sk pd; p in pa, 5-f: bt she, o, trun. 10 i. 73 oligocarpa, 2f. s sk bt; p sk in 3, sm 5-f, ol, pd lg lax: fru o-3, al, g, n, shat apex, en, lg o scale. 1 fi Sk lg, pd sh, fru rt sml, scales £ lg, 74 conoidca, 21. s sk ol, pd; p sk in pa 3, ol, rt, e, sub-dense-f, bt; up sub-ss: fru ol, g, n, sm en, lg o scale. 1 fi 75 granulans, 21- s sk e, sub-pd; p sk sm in threes, cy, dense-f; up sub- ss, apx; lower pd: fru rd-o, re at apex sh-beak, en, n, twice Igoao 76 scabrata, 2f. s sk 3-sided, pd: p sk sm fives rt, ex pd, cy, al, sub-e, lg 1 bt: fru ol-o, beak, sub-bifid, sea, lg scale: scale ln-o. ac, sub-cil. 18 i. 132 CAREX. 77 blanda, If. sske, pd, 3-sided; p sk sm in threes, ol, cy, fsc, al, bt; up sub-ss; lower lg pd: fru ov, sm 3-sidetl, re en at apex, in. 1 f. 78 laxiflora, 2f. s sk ol, e; up one sh pd; lower one ex pd: fru o or ol-o, sub-ot, g, n, sm 3-sided, en orifice, lg o-in sea scale. 15 i. 79 ustulata, 2f. s sk ol, rec; p sk pa, ov, no: fru o, beak, ac, flattish, both sides. 2-to at orifice, twice lg aso scale. 80 flexuosa, 2+r. sk; s sk fi; psk in fours, fi, fl, no: fsc; pd lg: fru ln- ol, sm 3-sided, al g, beak, bifid, twice lg ln-o scale. 18 i. 81 sylcatica, 21. s sk sh-pd; p sk sm in fours, fi, sc f, rt, no, lg-pd: fru o, 3-sided, g, sm lg-beak, bifid, o, m, mem scale. 15 i. 82 digitalis, 2f. sk; p skin threes, al, lax-f, with lg, fi, no pd: fruov-3- sided, ot, n, g, lg o, a scale. pu, ces: ln-li, ot, cil at base, sh than pt; obcor. 11 pennsylvanicum, 21 • pu: st prt, 1 ln.li, co twice lg asc: pn lg pd die 12 bractedtum, pu: st, cy: 1 ol, sub-m: f e, die, with o a bt: pt eq c. 13 pubescens, hir-pu, sth: 1 ln-li, with lg spaces between: pn tm sub4-f. 14 elonga'tum, 21- hir: Hi, lg than internodes: pd tm, lg, trie: bt op o: pt em, twice lg as ac: cps sub-glo. Ce'ratio'la. 20—2. 96. Gr. Iteration, little horn. 1 ericoides, Au. b. brh torn: 1 verticillate, nr, li so. S. Ceratochlo'a. 3—2. 10. Gr. keras, horn, and chine, grass. 1 unioloides, Ju. 0. or21- spr; sk ol-ln, 6-8-f warm; she b at throat."' Ceratophyl'lum. 19—12. 88. Gr. keras, horn, and phullon, leaf. Hornwort. 1 demcr'sum, Ju. 21-1 8 in wr, die 2 pa, to-spi on back: fax: fru 3-sp. 2 submersum, 21- 1 die in three pa: fru w sp. Cer'cis. 10—1. 93. Gr. kerkis, shuttle. Judas tree. 1 canadensis, r. M. b ■ 1 rd-hr-form ac, v at ax of n: sti minute. 15—30 f. Cere'sia. 3—2. 10 Goddess Ceres. 1 fluitans, Oc. 0? st crp as, floating. Isca: sk nm; glu of c white. 1-3 f. S. Cetraria. 21—5. 2. Lat. cetra, a square buckler. 1 islandica, fr olive-brown, pale be: seg e, sub-li, multifid, fur so dt: cil brh, spr, rec ap, mr elevated, en. 2 i. Iceland moss. Chamae'rops. " 6—3. 11. Gr. chamai, on the ground, and rops. 1 serrula'ta, Ju. b. caudexcr; sti sr: fr plait pal. S. 2 hystrix, Ju. b. caudexcrp; sti lg thorn: fr plaited pal. 4—5 £ 3 palmetto, Ju. b. caudex arbor; sti unarm: spa 2: fr plaited, pal. Chaptal'ia. 17—4. 54. M. Chaptal. 1 integrifolia, p-w. J, 21- 1 ol-ln, ob, torn be: scp na, 1-f; f no. S. Cha'ra. 19—1. 6. Gr. chairo, to rejoice, because it is the delight of the water, or that it delights in water. Feather beds. 1 vulga'ris, O. Ju. 0. st brh na base; brh t; jt 1: 1 ol-sb: bt sh ber. 2 foliosa, Ju. 0. st na, ab: brh t, 1 at base and joints: 1 li: bt sh ber. 3 flex'ilis, Au. 0. st na: brh 1-less, cp. 4 glabra, Ju. plant g. 5 capitata, st and brh t, g; joints 1: fru in hd: bt lg ber. S. Cheilan'thes. 21—1. 5. Gr. cheilos, lip, and anthos, flower. 1 vesti'ta, 21-fr 2-pnt, hboth sides: 1 pnt: di ol, ot, en: stirrough-h. 2 dealbata, Ju. 21- fr pnt: 1 ov, ere or em at apex, white be. S. Cheiran'thus. 14—2. 63. Gr. cheir, the hand, and anthos, flower. 1 pal'lasii, r. Ju. ft. st si, t, sub-g: 1 g, ln-li, ta, re-to. 2 capitatus, rg: 1 ln-li, lg-ta at base, 1 and st stig: f dense-cmb. 3 cheiri, 3. 2f. 1 In, a, g: brh an: st sub-woody texture. E. 4 fenestra'lis, ft. 1 crd in hd re: st undi. 5 an'nuus, Ju. 0. 1 In, sub-dtot, hoary: silique cy, a apex. 6 in'canus, ft. 1 In, en, ot, hoary: silique tru, cp at apex. Chelido'nium. 12—1. 62. Gr. chelidon, a swallow. 1 majus, y. M. 2f. u ax, pd: 1 al, pnt, lo. E. Chelo'ne. 13—2. 37. Gr. clielone, a tortoise. Snake-head. 1 glabra, w. r. Ju. 2f. 1 op. ln-ol, ac, sr: sk tm, dense-f. 2 ly'oni, p. Au. 2f. g, brh: 1 pe, cor-o, sr: sk tm: f clustered. S. 3 latifolia, r. Au. g: 1 br, o ov, sr: ac, ta at base, pe: fcrd, bt c cil. 2 £ Chenopo'dium. 5—2. 29. Gr. chin (chinos) a goose, amdpous (podos) a foot. Pig weed. CHENOPODIDM, CHRYSOPSIS. 137 I rhomb1 ifo1 Hum, 3. 0- ltrian-rh, a, re to: rax, e, l-less: bt minute. 2 album, O. g. Ju. 0. 1 rh-o, en behind, up ol, en, seed so. 2—4 £ 3 hybr'idiim, Ju. 0. Icor, an-to, ac: rbrh, l-less. Var. st si, 5-an: 1 o, sub-cor, re-to: sk si, tm, na. 2—3 f. 4 rubrum, r-g. Ju. 0. 1 rh-trian, to sin: r e, com, 1. 2—3 £, 5 ambrosibides, O. g. Ju. 0. lln, rt to: r 1 si. 1—2 £ 6 botrys. g. 3. 0. 1 ol, sin: r na, my-cleft. 12 i. 7 anthelminticum, g. Au. 2f. 1 oi-ln, to: sk lg, int, l-less. 12—24 i. 8 glaucum, 21.1 ol, re, gl be: sk si, na, glm, ax tm. 9 mariti'-mum, g. Au. 2f. 1 sb, t: f glm, ax. 18—24 i. 10 muralc, Ju. 0. lo, uneq to, a: r brh, l-less. 11 bonusdienricus, g. J. 21- 1 trian, en: sk com, 1-lss, ax and tm, e. 12 scoparium, 1 flat, ln-li, mrcil: f glm, ax. E. 13 sub'spica'tum, st 4-an, lower 1 hastate-o, a; up sub-In: rglm, si tm. S. Chi'maphi'la. 10—1. 51. Gr. cfieima, winter, and philos, love?. Princes pine« 1 mucula'a, O. w. Ju. 2f. 1 In, rdat base, rt sr, marked lg spots fi v. 2 urabelldta, O. r-w. Ju. 21- 1 sr,. green, wd-ln, a base; scp cmb: fi g. Chiococ'ca. 5—1. 57. Gr. chton, snow, and kokkos^ berry. 1 racemosa, y-w. Ju. b. 1 o-ol, a, flat: rax, pd, si. S. Chiosan'thus. 2—1. 37. Gr. chton, snow, and anthos, flowe* Fringe tree. 1 virginica, w. b.pntm, trifid: pd 3-f: la. Var. 1 ov-ln, cr, g. Chlo'ris. 3—2. 10. Gr. chloros, green. 1 petraea, Ju. 2f. sk by fours, dg, e: fim, g: va ofc awned: st cp. S. 2 sec'undus, 2f. g, Hi; sk el, 1-sided: sk si rx: cglu li-ln, a. Chrysan'themum. 17—2. 55. Gr. chrusos, golden, and anthos, flow- er. Ox-eyed daisy. 1 leucan'lhemum, w. J. 21-1 els, In, sr, cut-to at base: st e. 12—20i. 2 arcticurn, p-w. 21- rad 1 3-par, gh-to; cau wd, 3-par, ot. 12 i. 3 parthenium, y. w. 1 pe, com, flat: 1 o, gh: pd brh, cmb, st e. E. 4 carinatum, r. w. Au. 0. 1 bi-pnt, g, c scale car. 5 coronarium, p. w. r.'Au. 0.1 bipnt, a, br outwards: st brh. Chrysoba'lanus. 11—1. 92. Gr. chrusos, golden, and balanos, a plum. 1 oblongifolius, \v. 3. b. 1 ol-ln, cu at base en, g: fpn. 1—2£ S. Chry'soco'ma. 17—1. 55. Gr. chrusos, golden, and home, hair. Goldy locks. 1 virgata, her so: 1 nr, li: stbrh; brh cmb,, fs, virgate: scales c ap. 18 i. 2 nudata, 2f. rad 1 spt, In; cauli, sc: cmb com, fs: c ol, 2—3 f. S. 3 gravc'olens, y. Oc. b. 1 li, 3-n, so: brh whitish, torn: f cmb, fs, crd: c an, so, 5-f. 6—8 £ 4 nauseosa, y. Oc. 2f. c pd; c and lpu: 1 nr-li: cmb lax: clax, 5-f; g. Chry'sogo'num. 17—4. 55. Gr. chrusos, golden, and gone, corner. 1 virginianum, y. 3. 21 • low: v: 1 ov, dn, nr into pe. 6—12 i. S. Chrysop'sis. 17—2. 55. Gr. chrusos, golden, and ops, appearance. 1 mariana, y. ^Au. 21- v: 1 ss, ln-ol, ta to base, ot, gl-to, lower pe, a: pd ax, cmb, gld-h. 12—18 i. 2 falcata, 21- 1 ss, li, a: spr, n h both sides: pd few, ax cmb. 5—6i. 3 graminifolia, 2f.l ln-li, a, en, n: cmb com: st 1 towards summit. 2f. 4 scabra, y. Oc. 2f. or ft. his-p, sea: rad lov, to, pe; cau cor, o. 2—3f. 5 argentea, y. 2f. 1 In, 3-n, e, en, a, zigzag: cmb sub-com, e: scales pn. 6 ericoides, y. st brh; brh el sub-si, 1-f: 1 sb, im. his, cil. 5—6 i.. 12* 13S CHRYS0PS1S, CLAYTONIA. « 7 pinifolux, y. Oc. 2f. g: st rigid: Hi, crd, rigid: cmb lr. 18—21 i. S. 8 trichophylla, y. Au. 21- h: 1 ol, ot, en, els, sea onmr; cmb si. 12—18i. 9 gossyp'ina, y. 21 • woolly: 1 ss, ol, spt, ot, en: cmb fs. 1—2 £ 10 denta'ta, y. S. 21- 1 cu, ob, ot, to; up ol, ov, en: cmb si. 2 £ 11 divaricata., y. S. 21- 1 li-ln, a, sr: sthis: pn div: pd c viscid-pu. 2 f i. 12 villosa, y. 21- hir v. Iss, en, li-ol, a, cil below: mr sea: brh sub-cmb. Chry'sosple'nium. 8—2. 84. Gr. chrusos, golden, and splln, the spleen. Water carpet. 1 oppositifolium, O. y-r. M. 2f. 1 op, rd, ere, ta to pe. 2 altcrnfolium, 2f • 1 al. Ci'cer. 16—10. 93. Lat. cicer, a bean. Chickpea. 1 arie'tinum, 0. pd 1-f: seeds glo gibbous: lsr. Cicho'rium. 17—1. 53. kichorl, probably Egyptian. Endive. 1 in'lybus, O. b. Ju. 2f. fax, in pa, ss: 1 run. 2 endivia, b. ft. pd ax, in pa; 1 lg, 1-f, the other sh, 4-f: 1 ol dt. E. Cicu'ta. 5—2. 60. Lat. ciceuta, internodes. I maculata, O. w. Ju. 2f • ser of 1 m: pe mem 2-lo at apex. 3—6 £ 2 bulbifera, w. Ju. 21- 1 ter and biter, bu;. 1 Hand li-ln, rtto. 2—3 £ 3 virosa, 21- u op to 1: pemr, ot: 1 ter, a ser. E. Cimicieu'ga. 12—4. 61. Lat. cimex, a.hug, fugo, to drive. 1 palmata, A. Ju. 2f. gm nm 12—15: pn die, sub-cmb: cap sh, glo hd. 2 podocarpa; 21. gm 4—5pe, g: r pn: ldc; lea. 2 f. E. 3 cordifolia, Ju. 21- gm g, ss: r pn: 1 biter: 1 5—7 lo, sr, cor at base. Cinera'ria. 17—2. 55. Lat. cineres, ashes. Ashwort. 1 hetcrophylla, y. 21. d; rad 1 lg-pe, ob-spt; o, a pnt; cau 2—3, li, pnt. 2 canadensis, 2f. v: 1 pnt, sub-v: di sin: fpn. 3 intergrifolia, O. y. Au. 2f• torn: st si: lower 1 spt, sub-dt; up nr-ln, en, e: f sub-u. S. Cin'na. 3—2. 10. Gr. kinna, from kein, to burn. Indian reed. 1 arundinacca, Au. 21- g: pn lr, my-f, cap: 1 br-li: va awned apex. 2-5 f. Circae'a. 2—1. 88. Enchantress Circe. 1 lutctia'na, Ju. w. 2f. st e: 1 o, rt to, opaque, so. 1—3 £ 2 alpina, O. r-w. Au. 21- st brh, g, pit: 1 br-cor, a to. 6—8 i. Cis'tus. 12—1. 80. Gr. kistos, from kiste, a box. Rockrbse. 1 canadensis, O. y. J. 2f. sti, e; 1 al, e, li-ln, flat, tom be: rtm, few-f: di of cbr-o-ac: cps sh than c. 2 ramuliflorum, O. y. Ju. 2|. sti, e, tom: 1 al, ol, a, at mr, tom be: r sh 3-f at summit; di of c or, cps glo, of lg of c. 6—10 i. 3 rosmarin folium, y. Ju. 21. sti si, e: 1 li, re at mr, tom be: r ax. 4 cormybosum, 3. 21 • sti, e, ram, pu: 1 al. In, be: cmb fst, nm*f. 12 i. 5 carolinianum, 3. 21- w sti, hir, e, 1 al, ol-ov, sub-dt ob, hir both sides; pd few, tm, with c v. di of c ol, a, sh than pe. S. Cit'rus. 12—1. 70. Gr. kit.ria, the lemon. Lemon, 1 medica, w. J. b. 1 o, ac, with li wi pe. Var. sml fru, rd. 4—10 £ E. 2 aurantium, w. b. 1 ov, ac, with pd wi or mr. Clark'ia. 8—1. 88. Gen. Clark. 1 puchella, r. p. J. ft. st e, t, sub brh ab: 1 al, li, en, g: fax lr. 12-18 i. S. Clavaria. 21—6. 1. Lat. clava, chub. 1 coralloides, white e, brh: el a, uneq. 3i. 2 fusiformis, ces clavate: pileus attenated cohering at base. 3 i. Clayto'nia. 5—1. 86. John Clayton. Spring beauty. 1 virginica, w. r. A. 2f. 1 li-ln: ptob: 1 of c a: ro tu. 6—12 i. CLAYTONIA, CINCUS. J39 # 2 lanceolata, w. J. 21. 1 In; cau o, ss: r si, el: 1 of c sh, ot: pt wd. S. 3 alsinoides, w. J. 0. rad 1 spt-o; cau o. distinct: r in pa: f seeund! \ perforata, w. M. 0. radlspt-rh; caurd: r sub-sl, w bt: rofi: pt em, Cle'matis. 12—13. 61. Gr. klcma, atwig. Virginbower. 1 virginica, O. w. Ju. b. 1 ter; 1 o, sub-cor, gh-to lo: f pn, die. 15—20 £ 2 viorna, b. J. b. 1 com & dec; 1 ln-ov, a at ends f si, bl: ft thick ac. 3 ochrolcuca, w. &y. J. 2f. e, si, pu: 1 si, o, en; young silky. 12 L 4 douglassn, st e, si, 1-f. f no: 1 pi, 2-tripnt; di li ot. 5 flammula, Tp. 1 laciniate; up si> en, In. E. 6 viticella, p. Ju. 2f. cli: 1 com and dec; 1 ov, sub-lo, en: pt ob, spr. 7 cordata, w. Ju. b. cli: 1 pnt in pa; 1 cor, lo, ac, gh-to; te m: r com, el, my-f: s pt eq: f die. S- 8 holoseri'cca,w. Tp. cli: 1 di, ter; seg ol-ln: cmb few-f, die: pt li. 9 wal'tcri, w. b. cli: 1 di, pnt; 1 in 3 pa, pe, li-ln, a, en, gl be: fsl. 10 crispa, p. Ju. b-cli: 1 pnt and ter; 1 o-ln, a, 3-lo or en: f si, bl: pt ac, re; mr: awns of seed sb, na. 11 cylindrica, p-b. Ju. b. cli: 1 pnt, dec; 1 o, a at each end, g, si, pe. 12 reticulata, p-r. Ju. b. cli: 1 pnt in 4 pa; 1 o, ot at end, all en, pe. 13 catesbyana, b. cli, pu: 1 biter; 1 sub-cor, 3-lo: pn die; pt lg than s, 14 ovata, 2f. e, si: 1 o, a, sh-pe, g, n both sides; lower sub-cor. 15 liiieariloba, pdl-f: pt a: 1 di, pnt, g; 1 en or 3 par. Cleo'me. 6—1. 64. Gr. kleio, to shut up. 1 pentuphylla, w. Ju. 0. so: 1 q and ter; 1 en, sub-sr: s inserted pe gm. 2 £ 2 dodeendara, r-w. Ju. 0. viscid-pu: Iter; lol: fl2-s. 1 fi 3 lutea sub-g: 1 with 51; 1 In a: silique In ac with style, g, lg of stipe. 4 serrulata, p-w. Au. 0. g: 1 ter; 1 In, os sr: r el, bt li: s 6. 3—4 £ S. 5 pinnata, y. sub-pu: 1 pnt; 1 In, up confluent: f r. pe, ag. 2 £ 6 cuneifolia, w. Ju. 0. 1 si, sub-ss, ob-cu: fin tm clusters. 12—18. i, 7 mex'ica'na, y. st brh, so, unarm; brh ot an: 11, so, pe: lln, a, en. CrE'TiiRA. 10—1. 51. Gr. klethra, alder. Spike alder. 1 alnifolia, w. Au. b. 1 wd-ob, a, sr, g, bothsides 1-cl: r sk, si, bt. 4-8£ 2 tomentosa, w. Au. b. 1 cu-ob, a, sub-sr, tom he: r sk, si. 2—4 f. 'S. 3 scabra, w. Ju. b. 1 br-wd-ob, a, sr, sea on both sides; r sk. 4 paniculata, w. Ju. b. lnr-wd-ln, g both sides, a, ser; ser ac: pn tm, 5 acuminata, w. Au. b- 1 ov, ac, sr, g both sides, gl be: r sk, bt. Clinopo'dium. 13—1. 42. Gr. kline, bed, and podos, foot. Field thyme. 1 vulgare, O. i-w. Ju. 2f. f hd wr: bt se, his: 1 pilose ab, rt to. 2 f. Cni'cus. 17—1. 54. Gr. knizo, to sting. Thistle. 1 lanceolatus, O. p. J. $.1 dc, his, pnt: di 2-lo, sp: scales In. 2—4. £ 2 altis'simus, O. w-p. Au. 21 • 1 ss, ln-ol. sea, d be, to, cil; rad pnt; c bt, o: scales ln-o, sp, c-p. 3—8 fi 3 aroen'sis, O. p. J. 2f. 1 ss, pnt, cil, sp: stpn: c o: scales br-ln. 2—3£ 4 horridulus, w-y. Ju. ft, tall: 1 ss pnt, a-gh, sp: inv tm, 1-f, my-1; 1 sp, double: c unarm. 2—3 £ 5 muticus, p. Ju. ft. 1 all pnt, woolly be: di sub-In, a, sp. 3—4 £ 6 discolor, O. p. Ju. ft. Iss, pnt, h d be; di2-lo, sp: c glo, pu. 3—5£ 7 virginianus, p. Ju. 21 • stsi: Iss, In, tom be, rtto; te sp: fsl. 3—5. £ 8 odoratus, r. Ju. ft. woolly: sti to 3-f: 1 els, ln-ol, pnt; seg lo cil, tipped with sp; cl bothsides: c lr, sub-glo, na; scales sp. 1—2 £ 9 glutinosus, p. Au. ft. 1 pnt, seg div: c o; scales unarm. 4—6 £ I |40 CINCUS, CONVALLARIA. 10 undutatus, r-p. lcls, pnt-sin; segbifiid, sp; both sides tom. 1—2 £ 11 pitcheri, pu: 1 lg-li, pnt sub-de; rad she base st; 1 rt, li, tm with sp tm lbr, smbrh: c glo; scales In, ke, sp; sp rx. 12 glaber, p. Ju. 21- Iss, pnt, all over so; seg sp, a, lower sub-de. 4-br. 13 repandus, p. Ju. 21 1 nr, ol, ot sub-sin, with nm sml sp: fsl. 2 £ S. Cni'dum. 5—2. 60. Gr. knidion, orache. 1 canadense, w. Ju. 21- stan: 1 bipin; lmy-par; seg In. 2 atropurpureum, p. J. 21- rad 1 sub-cor, si, sr; cau ter; 1 o, a. 2—3 £ Cochlea'ria. 14—1. 63. Gr. kochlias, snail. Horseradish. 1 fenestrata, st si: 1 o; pe br. 2 aquatica, w. J. 21.1 all pnt: lower doubly pnt. 3 officinalis, w. J. 2f. radl rd; cau ol, sub:sin: silicles glo. E. 4 armoracia, w. J. 21- rad lln, ere; cau gh. Co'ix. 19—2. 10. Gr. koix, palm leaved tree. Job's tears. 1 lachryma, Ju. 0. culm t ab: f na: fru o. 12—18 i. E. Collins'ia. 13—2. 37. Z. Collins. 1 verna, O. b. M. 0. 1 op and wr, ot, en: pd ax, wr, si:f. 12 i. Collinso'nia. 2—1. 42. John Collinson. Horse balm. 1 canadensis, O. y. Au. 21-1 hr-o, br, g: te of c sh-sb: pn tm, com. l-3£ 2 scabra, r-y. Au. 21- sml, o, sub-cor, sub-h: te of c sh, sb. 2—3 f. S. 3 ovalts, y. Au. 21-1 ol-ov, a, g; pe lg: te of csh: pn tm, si na: st g. 4 tuberosa, y. 2f. 1 sub.rh-ov, a each end, g: te of c se, lg than tube: pn com, 1: stbrh, sub h. 3—4 £ 5 anisata, y. Au. 2f-1 o. cor; n pu be: te of cli, lgtube: pn 1 compu. 6 punctata, y, 2f. 1 o-ln,'ac, aat base, pu dottedbe: pn com. 2—6£ 7 verticillata, 1 ov ac. Collo'mia. 5—1. 45. Gr. kolla, gluten. 1 linearis, w-p. J. 0. sub-pu; 1 ol-li, sub-In; fo-ln, a. 4—12 i. S. Colute'a. 16—10. 93. Gr. koloutea, to cut off. 1 arbor esceus, y. Tp. lpnt; 1 ov, re; banner abbreviate. E. 2 vesicaria,y. Ju. lpnt; 1 o: stdc, v: lg~or, inf. Co'marum. 11—13. 92. Gr. komaros, strawberry tree. Marsh 5-finger. 1 palustre, O. p. Ju. 21- 1 in threes, fives, 7, sr: sti growing to pe shet fax and tm: st ro. 18 i. Commeli'na. 3—1. 13. Comrnelin two Dutch botanists. 1 angustifolia, b. Ju. 21- 1 ln-li, a, flat, g: she sub-cil: bt pd, si. 12 i. 2 virginica, b. Ju. 21- e, pu: 1 lg-ln; she b: bt or inv sub-ss, It tm. 2 £ 3 communis, b. Au. 0. co uneq: 1 o-ln, a: st crp, g. S. Compto'nia. 19—3. 99. Bishop Compton. Sweet fern. 1 asplenfolia, O. g. Ap. b • 1 lg li, al cre-pnt. 18—48 i. Coxferva. 21—4. 2. Lat. corferveo, to knit together. 1 rivularis, fi si, cap lg eq: jt grain bearing, 2 or 4 times lg as br: shining when dry. Co'nium. 5—2. 60. Gr. koneion, giddiness. Poison hemlock. 1 maculutum, O. w. Ju. 2f. st brh, spotted: 1 com: seed striate. 2—4 f. " Co'nosty'lis. 6—1. 18. Gr. konos, cone, and stulos, a style. 1 americana, y. Ju. 2f. co within: scp cmb-pn: 1 gl: fieq. 12—18 i. Convalla'ria. 6—1. 18. Lat. convallis, a valley. Solomon seal. 1 bifolia, O. w. J, 21-st with twohr-ol, su-ss, 1 g: r si, tm. 4—6 i. 2 stellala, O. w. M. 2f. stwith al, els, ov-ln 1: rsi tm. 8—18 i. 3 trifolia',w. J. 21- st 3-1: 1 al, o-ln: r si, tm, few-f. 6—10 i. 4 ciliata, w. 2f. st arched: 1 al, ss, o, cil: pn tm. CONVALLARIA, COREOPSIS. \£\ 5 racemosa, O. y-w. M. 21. st with al 1: 1 ss, ol-ov, ac, n, pu: f in a tm r-pn. 18—24 i. 6 borea'lis, g. y. 3. 2[. sub-cau: lov-ob; mr cil: ufew-f: sub-cmb. 6 i. 7 umbellata, w. Ju. 21- 1 rad, ol-ov, with mr ke cil: scp pu. 8—12 i. 8 multiflora, w. Ju. 21- stt: 1 al, els, ol-o: pd ax. my-f. 2—3 f. 9 biflora, g-y. J. 21- st t, so: 1 al, ss, In, 3-n: pd'ax, si, few-f. 12—181. 10 pubescens, O. w. 2f. st t, fur: 1 al, els, o, pu be: pd ax, 2-f. 18 i. 11 canaliculata, w. Ju. 21- st fur: 1 al, els, ol, mr pu: pd ax, 2-f. 12 lat folia, 2f- st an: 1 ss, o, ac: pd 1 my-f. 4 £ 13 hirta, 2f. st an, his: lal sub-cls, o, ac: pd ax, 3-f. 14 maja'lis, w. J. 2f. scp na, so: 1 ov-o. S. Convolvulus. 5—1. 44. Lat. convolos, to twist. Bindweed. 1 repens, O. w. & r. J. 2f. 1 a, lo en: bt a lg tbanc, sh thanco: pd an, 2 arcensis, w. J. 21- st cli oi prt: 1 sag: lo a, spr:. pd 1-f: bt a. 3 panduratus, w. r. Ju. 2f- pu: 1 br-cor, en lo, gui: pd lg: f fas: c g. 4 spithameus, w. J. 21- e: 1 ov, orol, sub-cor, pu: pd 1-f, lg 1. 9—12 i. 5 batatus, w. Ju. 21- crp, tu: 1 cor, an-lo, 5-n, so: pd lg: f fas. E. 6 tricolor, Ju. 0. 1 ln-o, g: st dec: fsl. 7 purpureus, b. p. J. 0. pu: 1 cor, en: pd 2 to 5-f: pe no: di of c In: cps g. S. 8 machrorhizus, w. J. 21- pu. Icor, en lo, d be e: pd 1 to 5-f: f sub-cm. 9 tcnellus, w. Ju. 2f. st prt: 1 in, sub-cor; pd my-f, lgl: style 2-par. 10 aquaticus, w. J. 21- st prt: 1 ol-o, ss: pd 3-f, 3 lg 1: style 2-par. 11 obtusilobus, w. S. 2f. st prt: 1 thick, sin, lo, em; 1 rd: pd 1-f. 12 catesbyanus, p. tom: 1 ol, ac: pdl-f, sh thanl: bt ov, ot, lg c. 13 paradoxa, w. prt, tom: 1 ol, cor, a: pd 1-f, lg 1: bt li, rtfromf. 14 sherardi, 0. prt, pu: 1 elliptic, re each end, m: fsl, ss. 15 tamnifolius, 0. Icor. ac, h; f clustered. Cony'za. 17—2. 55. Gr. konis, dust. Flea bane. 1 marylandica, p. Au. 0. her, pu: 1 ss, br-ln, a, sr; sr at apex cr: cmb tm, fs, l-less: scales of c sb-m: fsh. 12—20 i. 2 bifrons, y. Ju. 2f • I els, spt-ol, a, sr: cmb pn glo. 3 camphora'ta, p. Au. 21- her, sub-pu: 1 pe, o-ln, a, sub-re, gld: cmbtm and ax, sh than 1: scales ofc a, eq to £ 3 £ S. Cop'tis. 12—13. 61. Gr. kopto, to cut off. Gold thread. 1 trifolia, O. w. 21- scp 1-f: 1 ter. Ro lg, fi. 2—4 i. 2 asplenifolia, 2f. biter; 1 sub-pnt: scp 2-f. Co'rallorhi'za. 18—1. 21. Gr. korallion, coral, and riza, root. Co- ral root. 1 verna, O. w-y. M. 21- pt li-ln, spr; lip ol, bi-dt at base. 5—6 i. 2 odontorldza, O. p. w. Ju. 21 • lip en, ov, ot; mr ere; spur os, adnate to gm: cps sub-glo. 12 i. 3 multiflora, p. Au. scp my f, cu-ov, 3-par, re, spotted. 12—15 i. Coreop'sis. 17—3. 55. Gr. koris. bug, and opsis, appearance. Tickweed. 1 rosea, r. sml, so: st si: 1 li, en; ax 1; f few, lg-pd, die, tm rays uneq 3-to. 1 £ 2 trichosperma, y. Ju. ft. g; die: lop, q-pnt, In, ser: outer 1 ofc cil-sr: rays en: seed wd: 4-to. 2 £ 3 trip'teris, y. 21. g: 1 pe, In, en; rad ones pnt; cau ter: rays en. 4 dichotoma, 0. stg: na, die ab: 1 al undi, en, nrintope: seed ob. 2-3£ 5 aspera, 1 ln-li; up ones al; lower op: st 1-f. 6 lan'ceola'ta, y. S. 21- 1 ss, ln-li, en, cil: pdlg, na: seeds or, sea wi. S 142 COREOPSIS, CORYLUS. 7 crassifolia, O. y. 2f. 1 ob-ol, en, ta at base, hir: pd lg, hir at base. 8 arguta, y. 21- g: 1 pe, o, In, ac, asr: pd ax and tm, dic-cmb. 9 latifolia, y. Au. 21- 1 o, ac, cre-to: pe sh: rays en: seed cu, ol, wi. 10 azmlcri, y. Au. 1 br-ln, ss, a at each end, en: pd ax and tm, dic-cmb. 11 aristata, O. y. Au. 2f. pu: 1 q, pnt; 1 In, ot, en; It ones sml. 12 pubescens, y. Au. 2f- pu: 1 q, pnt: 1 In, ot, en; It ones sml. 13 auriculiita, y. S. 2f. pu: 1 sub-ss, ov-ln, en; lower ter: cdi: rays 4-to> 14 senifolia, y. Au. 21- pu: 1 ss, ter; 1 In, en: rays en: seed cu. 15 aurea, y. 21- 1 sr; rad ones 3-parted; cau 3-cleft or en, ln-li. 16 palmata, y. stsi, 1—3-f: 1 ss, sub-cor, pal-3-lo; mrlca: c 8-par. 12i. 17 trifida, y. 21- g- 1 3-cleft; sb, fas: pd tm, 1-f: rays 3-cleft: st fl. 18 tenuifolia, y. S. 2f. g: lop, ss, ter; lcom my-par: seg li, en. 2-3£ S. 19 verticiltata, y. Au. 21 • so: lop. ss, ter orq; 1 li-ln, en: rays a. 2-3 £ 20 mitis, O. y. Au. ft. g: I bipnt; 1 li: 1 of c li: seeds ol, 2-awned. 21 acuta, y. ft. 1 o-ln; a, to, h: f cmb-pn. 22 procera, y. 2f. 1 elliptic, ac, sr, pe, ve, de; up al. '-i 23 angustfolia, y. 1 li-ln, en, so: rays ol, 3-cleft; middle seg lr. 24 nudata, r. st sub-si; summit die: 1 sb, li, rt, g: rays sub-3-to: 2—3 25 tinctoria, y. p. rad lsub-bipnt; 1 sub-ov, en, g; cau sub-pnt. 1-4 £ Cori an 'drum. 5—2. 60. Gr. koris, bug. Coriander. 1 sativum, w. J. 0. fru glo: c permanent. E. Corisper'mum. 1—2. 29. Gr. koris, bug, and sperma, seed. 1 hyssopfolium, O. Au. b. sk tm: 1 li, w n, unarm: Var. sktmax: 1 n. Cor'nus. 4—1. 58. Lat. cornu, horn. Dogwood. 1 canadensis, O. w. M. 2[. her: 1 at top, wr ve: inv o, ac: fru glo. 2 sueciea, 2f. st her sub-brh: 1 all op, ss, o, n from base: u pd; inv. 3 florida, w-y. M. b. 1 o, ac: inv4, 5 or 6, lr, sub-obcor. 15-30 £ 4 sericca, O. w. J. 21- brh spr; 1 o, ac, rd at base, pube: 5 sanguinca, w. J. Tp. lo, pu, both sides cl alike: cymes spr. 1-12 £ 6 circina'la, O. w. J. 21 • brh warty: 1 br-ov, ac, white-dbe: cyme de. 7 alba, O. J. Tp. brh re: brh g; 1 o a, pu be. 10 f. 8 paniculata, 0. w. J. Tp. brhe: 1 o, ac, ol, ta to base, pu c-p, hoary be. 9 striata, O. w. Ju. b. brh, fs: 1 o; green 2-sides, g: dbe: pn convex. 10 alternfolia, O. w. M. b. brh warty: 1 al, o, a, hoary be: spr. 11 mas'cula, Tp.. ueqtheinv. E. 12 asperifolia, w. J. b- brh e, pu: 1 ov-ln, ac, sea ab, tom be. 4-10 £ S. Coronil'la. 16—10. 93. Lat coronilla, a little crown or wieath. 1 varia, r-p. Ju. 21. her, diffuse, g: sti sml. a: 1 9 to 13, ol, m, 2 emerus, y. b. st an; pd about 3-f: claws ofpt thrice lgas c. E. 3 glauca, y. M. b. 1 7, blunt; sti In: u 10 or 12 f; pdlg than 1. 3 £ Corono'pus. 14—1. 63. Gr. koronl, a crow, and pous, foot. 1 ruellii, w. Ju. 0. silicle en; mrm: cmb few-fi S. 2 didyma, Q. Ju. 0. silicles em, in pa, rg: style os: cmb my-f. Cory'dalis. 16—5. 93. Gr. korudallis, Fumitory. 1 glauca, y-r-g. J. ft. co l:'st brh, e: 1 g; cau biter: r sub-cmb; btsrnL 2 aurea, y. M. 0. st brh, diffuse: 12-pnt; 1 di, ln-li, a ends: r one way. 3 cuculla'ria, O. y. &w. M. 2f. co 2-spurred: scp na: r si, I side. Aformosa, r. M. 2f. scp na: r sub-corn, no, my-f: nee sh. 6-10 i. bfungosa, O. r-w. J. ^. st cli: lcirrose: rax, cmb, no. 6 scoukri, lsub-sl, lg than sub-si r; 1 ov or ol, de: bt ol, lg than pe. Cor'ylus. 19—12. 99. Gr. korus, a helmet or cap. Hazle-nut. 1 americana, O. Ap. b.lrd, cor, ac: c rd-cm, lr than sub-glo nut; brsr. C0RYLUS, CUCUBALUS. 143 2 rostrata, O. Ap. h. lol-o, ac: sti ln-li: c of fru bl-tubular, 2-par. 3 avellana, Ap. b. sti ol, ot: c of fru cm, spr at apex, torn-to. E. Cram'be. 14—2. 63. Gr. krambe, cabbage. 1 maritima, w. 2f. st 1 so: 1 sin, gl: fig, c.mb, pn: silique 2-joint. E, Cram'cims. 18—1. 21. Gr. krancion, a helmet. 1 midlji.iri:, root fas, v: 1 ov-ln, sub-ss: scp my f, pu towards sum. S. Cratae'gus. 11—5. 92. Gr. kratus, strength. Thorn. 1 coccinca, O. w. M. b. 1 lg-pe, o, a-lobed, sr, g: pe pu, cgl: f pen. 2 pyrifolia, O. w. J. b. unarmed: 1 ov-o, gh-sr, Wub-plaited, h: c v. 3 cordata, w. J. b. lhr-o, pnt-lo, an, g: pe and c without gld. 4 clliptica, Tp. lov, uneq sr, g: pe and c gld; div ofc ot: ber glo, 5-seed. 5 glauduhsu, w. M. b- 1 wel-ob, an, g: pe, sti,'and c gld: ov, 5-seeded. 6 parrifdia. w. M. b- 1 ob, sr, en at base, tom: fsml. 7 punctata. O. w. M. b. unarm: 1 wd-ob, g, sr: c v; di sb, en. 8 crus-gutti, O. w. M. b. 1 wd-ob, sub-ss, sr: cmb com; 1 of cln, sr. j 9 priimfdia, p. 1 br: ,o, uneq sr, g; pe sub-gld: lo ofc gld, sr: pd c v. 10 latifdia, b • 1 ob; uneq sr, n sub-v be: sti and lo of c li: cmb v. 11 flava, b. 1 wd-ob, an, g, shining: pe, c, sti gld: f sub-sl. 8—10 £ 12 oxyacantha, w. M. b- 1 ot, 3-cleft, sr, g: pd and c sub-g> E. 13 lucid.i, Tp. th 1 wd-ob, ere, cr": cmb si, few-f: styles 5. 10—12 £ S. 14 lurbinuta, unarm, g: 1 wd-ob, sr. cmb few-f: pd sh. 15 arborescens, w. Jp. unarm: 1 In, a at each end, sr, gab; nh be. 16 viriilis, Tp. th:. 1 sub-ss, spt-o, rd lo, sr. g: c g: di gld sr. 17 spatlutlu'ta, w. Ap. b-th: base lg, ta,. 3-cleft, lo, crfe. g: cmb my £ 18 apifolia, w. Ap. Tp. th: 1 deltoid-o, lo, h: lo sr: c h; di sr: styles2. 19 popul folia, w. Ap. b. th: 1 ov, sub-tfu at base, a-sr, lo. pe gld. 20 caroliuiana, b. 1 cor, cu, en, 3-5-lo: pd bt: c 1. 21 platycarpa, v. b. brh wi ab: lower 1 ol; up In a, hir: r It: bt of f li. Cm'num. 6—1. 17. Gr. krinon, lily. 1 amcricanum, 1 ol-ln, g at mr: apex cp: f pe: tube sh than limb. S. CroVls. 3—1. IS. Gr. krokos, saffron. Saffron. 1 officinalis, y. b- 1 li, with rev mr: stg ex, with lg-li seg. E. Crotola'ria. 16—10. 93. Gr. krotalon, a rattle. Rattle-box. 1 sagittidis, y. Ju. 0.hir, e, brh: 1 si, ln-ol: sti In, ac, de: rop to 1, 33. 2 parvifi na, 3. 0. hir, e, brh: 1 si, ln-li: sti ab de, with 2-sh te: rop L 3 jlexuosa. Tp . 1 ob, sharp to, h sides; cmb sml; d: brh fl. Fru y: sp lg. 4 ovalis. y. Ju. 0. hir, brh: 1 si, ov, pe:up sti de, sh: r op to 1, lg. S. 6 laevigata. Ju. 0. g, e, si: 1 ln-ol: sti In, ac, de: r op to 1, 3-fl. Cro'ton. 19—•"). 96. Gr. kroton, a tick. 1 men id in :■■ m, O. Ju. b- 2f. 1 ov or o, sub-cor, ot; pale ab. hoary be. S. 2 argyrauiiinniiin. Ju. 21 • & b. 1 en, ot ob: r tm, sh, my-f: c pd, silv. 3 glandulosum, Ju. 0. fol, sr, h be; base en, bearing two gld: st trio. 4 elliptic am, 0. pu: lelliptic-o, so, green ab: f conglm: styles 3, bifid. 5 capitatum, 0. tom: 1 ov ol, ot, en and rd at base; both sides tom. Crotonop'sis. 19—5. 96. Resembling Croton. 1 linearis, J. 21. st e, brh: 1 stellate-pu ab, scales be. 12—18 L Cryp'sis. 3—2, 10. Gr. krupsis, concealment. 1 virginica, 2f. sk ol, lo: st prt: joints nm, apx: 1 inv, pungent. 2 squarrusa. Q. st dc, brh: few-f: 1 sh, rigid, pungent. S. Cryp'ta. 2—2. 86. Gr. krvpto, to conceal. Mud purslane. 1 minima, w-g. st die, dec, striate: 1 we-ov or ob, op, ss en ab, sti. Cccc'balus. 10—3. 82. Gr. kakos, evil, and bole, shoot. Bladderwort. 144 cucubalus. cyperus. 1 behen, w. Ju. 21- g, gl, dc: 1 ol-ov, a, n-less: c inflated, ve. 2 nivens, w. st die ab: 1 ol-ln,pu; up o: c ot, bell-form, sub-pilose. 3 stellatus, O. w. Ju. 21. pu, e: 1 wr, in fours, ln-ov, lg-ac. 2—3 £ 4 douglnssii, h: st e, zigzag: 1 rt, h-li nr: f pn: c ob, pu. Cu'cumis, 19—16. 97. Lat. cucumis, a hollow vessel. Cucumber. 1 colocynthis, 0. 1 my-cleft: ber glo. g. Fru bitter. E. 2 anguria, 1 pal-sin: fru glo. 3 anguinis, 0. 1 lo: ber cy, lg, so, plaited. 4 melo, y. Ju. 0. an ofl rd: ol, torulose. 5 sativus, y. Ju. 0. an of 1 straight: ber ol, sea. Cucur'bita. 19—16. 97. Lat. cucurbita, a crooked vessel. Squash. I ovifera, 0. 1 cor, an-5-lo, pu: berry with stripes lengthwise. E. 2 verrucosa, y. J. 0. 1 cor, 5-lo; middle lo nr at base: pomaceous. 3 melopepo, y. 3. 0. 1 cor, ot, sub-5-lo: dt. 4 pepo, y. Ju. 0. 1 cor, ot, sub-5-lo: fru flattened: dt. 5* cilrullus, y. Au. 0.1 5-lo sin-pnt, ot: ber ov, so. Fru watery. 6 lagenariu, w. Au. 0. 1 cor, rd-ot, pu, with 2 gld at base on un side. 7 foetidissima, Ju. 2f. st prt, sulcate: 1 al, lg-pe, e, trian-cor, sea. glau. Cu'nila. 13—1. 42. Gr. konile, pennyroyal. Dittany. 1 mariana, r-b. J. 21- 1 o, sr. ss: cmb ax snd tm. die. Cu'phea. 11—1. 91. Gr. kuphos, gibbous. Wtix-bush. 1 viscosissima, p. J. b • 1 op, pe, o ol: f with 12 s, It, si: pd very sh. Cupres'sus. 19—15. 100. Gr. kuo, to bear, and parisos, equal. Cedar 1 thyoides, O. M. b. brh cp: 1 im. 2 disticha, 1 flat: f pn, l-less: strobile spherical. Cus'cuta. 5—2. 44. Gr. kassuta, to set together. Dodder. 1 americana, O. w. Au. 0. f pd, u, 5-cleft: stg capitate. 1 europea, w. Au. 0. f sub-ss: stg a: s 4 or 5. Cymbid'ium. 18—1. 21. Gr. kundil. a little boat. Grass pink. 1 pulchcUum, O. r. Ju. 21- radl ensi, n: scp few-f: lip e at base: spr. Cynan'chum. 18—5. 47. Gr. kuon, (kunbs) dog, and agcho, to strangle. 1 august folium, y-g. Ju. 2f. twi: 1 li, en: fu: pd lg of 1: di ofc li. S. 2 laevi, p. J. 21- s g: 1 sub-cor, a, n, pu be: fg; di ofco ov-ol, ot: 3 scoparium, g-y. Tp. st twining, n, bih op: 1 li, rt; u ss, sml £ Cy'nara. 17—1. 54. Gr. kuon (kunos) dog. Artichoke. 1 cardunculus, 21- 1 sp, pnt: scales ofc o. E. 2 scolymus, 21- 1 sub-sp, pnt: scales ofc o. Cyno'don. 3—2. 10. Gr. kuon (kunos) dog, odous, tooth. 1 dactylon, Au. 2f. crp: sk digitate, 4—5 spr: ke ofc sea: 1 h on mr. Cvnoglos'sum. 5—1. 43. Gr. kuon (kunos) dog, and glossa, tongue. Hound tongue. 1 officinale, O. p. Ju. ft. soSt-pu: 1 br In, ss: rpn. 2 amplexicaule, w. b. J. 2f. hir: 1 ov-ol; up els: cmb tm, l-less, lg-pd. 3 sylvaticum, b. Ju. ft. na: 1 spt-ln, sea be: r scattered. S. 4 pilosomf w. M. h: radl spt-ol; cau ln-ol, ot; fax, sub-sk, se. Cype'rus. 3—1. 9. Gr. kuparos, round vessel. 1 inflexus, Au. ft. u2—3, si: inv 3-1, lg: sk o hd, ol, 8-f: glu sqr tip. 2 flavescens, O. Au. 21- sk li-ln, in fas of 3-4: glu ot: style 2-cleft. 6-8i. 3 castaneus, sk ov-ln, inv three 1, lgthanu. 4 nuUall'ii, Au. 2f • culm a-trian: u rad, or sub-ss, loose: rays sh; 5 diundrus, 2f. culm ot-trian: u ss, or 1—2 rayed: inv 3-1; two 1 lg «• 6 dentatus, u com: inv 3-1, lg u: sk 3 on each ray, al-o, cp, 8-f: CYPERUS, DANTHONIA. 1 45 7 erythrorhi'zos, Au. u dec: inv 3—6-1, lg: skal, li; 12-f, t: i £ 8 tenuis. 2f. skin, a, 10—17-f: u si: inv 3—4.1, lg rays: ro tu. 8 i. 9 phymatodcs, u si or dc: inv 3-9-1; 3-an, 1 lg: pd cp: sk li brh, 15 fl. 1 £ 10 compressus, sk digitate, sub in fours, In: glu m, br mem. 3—8 i. 11 virens, culm a 3-an: u dec: sk o-ln, capitate: inv lg. 1—2 £ i 12 mariscoides, Au. u si or 1—2-ra: sk capitate, li, 7—8 f: glu ot. 8-12i. 13 odoratus sk cmb, sb, rt, glu sub-distant: sml u spr, lg of inv. 14 flavico'mis, st 3-an, u com: sk li-ln, 7-f, (10—12-f,) glu ot: invlg, rx. 15 articulatus, Ju. 21 • stna, jt e. 3—6 f. 16 kyllingaeoi'des, hd glo: sk ol, 8-f: inv 4-1, ke I loose. 17 strigosus, S. sk ol, loose; sk sb, ex, rt: sml inv w: u al rays. 3 £ 18 alterniflrrus, 2f. sk cmb-u, cp, sub-ss: f al distant: glu br-o: m. 1 £ 19 minimus, st cap, t: sk si or in pa: inv 1-1. 20 fascLulutus, sk o ol, my-f, i.i tm fas: inv 2-1, 1 li, nr. 6 i. S. 21 poaefarmis, Ju sk ol, cmb-fas; fascicles ss, and pd: inv 3-1. 8 i. 22 autuninalis, Ju. sk li, tm, digitate, in threes: u lg as 2-1 inv. 23 vcgdus, Ju. st ot 3-an: u dec: sk ov, in com glo hd: inv lg. 3 £ 24 formosus, 21- sk o-ln, capitate: inv 6-1, lg, sea at mr. 25 filiculinis, sk li, in glo hd: u 1-rayed: inv 2-1, st se. 26 filicinus, Ju. 2f. sk li-ln, rt, loose: inv 3-1, lgthan u, 1 loose. 27 gracilis, 0. st a 3-an: 13-an: u com: sk li-ln. 12 i. 28 tetragonus, sk ol, cy: sk 4-an, few-f: sml inv w. * 29 distans, ski-sided: sk fi, exp: f distant: u straight. 30 speciosus, sk cmb, sk sb 1-sided: ush sml inv: 2-awned: sta an. 2-4. 31 enslen'ii, Au. sk cmb, ol, brh at base, na: sk nm, cr, li, 6-f: va ol. Cypriipe'dium. 18—2. 21. Gr. kupris, Venus, and p'odion, slipper. Lady slipper. 1 candidum, w. M. b.stl: 1 ln-ol: lo of style In, ot: lip cp, sh In pt. 2 parviflurum, y-g. M. 2f. st 1: lo of style trian, a; outer pe ol-ov, ac. 3 pubescens, y. M. 21- sti: lo of style trian-ol, ot: outer pt ol-o, ac: I5i. 4 spectabile, w. p. J. 21 • st 1: lo of style ov-cor, ot: pt br-ov, ot. 18 i- 5 acaule, w. p. 21- scape l-less 1-f: 1 rad, in pa, ol, ot: 18 i. 6 arietinum, w. r. g. M. b. st 1: lo ofstyle or: ot: pt 5: two low ln-li Cyril'la. 5—1. 51. D:. Cyrilli. 1 racemiflora, w. J. b. 1 In, cu at base, cr, so; pt thrice lg as c: 15 £ S. 2 paniculata, 1 cr, wd-ol, ot: f pn:' pt ol, spotted. Dac'tylis. 3—2. 10. Gr. dactulos, finger. Cock's-foot. 1 alomerata, 3. 21- pn glo, 1 carinate. Da'lea. 16—10. 93: Samuel Dale. 1 ornatum, sk ol-cy: bt lg than vc: 1 in 2 or 3 pa, ov-ol, g. 2formosa, p. b. brh, g: 1 in 5-pa, wd-ol, rtbe: sk few-f, sh-pd: bt o. 3 aurea, y. Ju. 21- e: sk dense, cy: bt rh-o, as lgc: c v: 1 g, ob. S. 4 laxiflora, w. Ju. 2f. g: stbrhab: brh el: skpn, el, rt f: bt rd, mu ke. 5 ahpeouroides, b. Ju. 0. sk cy, pd, trm pa, ov, to summit? re m. ' 1 £ 6 pedunculata, w."r. Ju. 0. g: sk ol, ax, sub-crd, sh: pd thrice lg as 1 Dalibar'da. 11—13. 92. M. Dalibard. Spice root. 1 npens, w. J. 21- v: crp shoots: 1 si, cor, ere: pd 1-f. Troy, rare. 2 fragaroides, y. M. 2f. 1 ter: 1 wd, gh-sr, cil: pd my-f: tube ofc obco. 8 lobata. y. 2f. h: 1 rd, cor, lo, ere, cil: st na: pd my-f. 5 i. S. Dantho'nia. 3—2. 10. M. Danthoin. Wild oats. 1 spicata, Ju. If- pn si, ap: sk7—9, 7-f: in va ofco h: 1 sb: she h. 2 glurnosa, Jn. culm e: r com: brh 2 and 3-f: sk 9 to 13,8 and9£ 146 daphne, dichromena. Daph'ne. 8—1. 25. Daphne, changed into a laurel. Mezereon. 1 meze'reum, r. w. b- f ss, cau, in threes: 1 In. V. re and white £ E. 2 odo'ra, w. Ap. b- my-f in tm hd: 1 sc, )n-ol, g. 3 f Darlingto'nia. 15—10. 93. Dr. Wm. Darlington. 1 intermedia, 3. 21- armed, her, g: 1 8 or 9 pa; 1 20 to 24 pa, ol-li. 2 brachy'loba, 21- unarmed, her. g: 1 6 to 8 pa; 1 16 to 2-1 pa, h. 3 glundulo'sa, 21- unarmed, her, g: 112 to 11 pa; 1 20 to 30 pa, li. Datis'ca. 20—12. 98: Gr. dutusso, to endeavor. False hemp. 1 hirtu, y. 2(. st hir: 1 pnt: 1 run together at base. Fsml. Datu'ra. 5—1. 41. Arabic, iolorah. Thorn apple. 1 stramo'nium, O. w-b. Au. 0. pr sp, e, o: 1 o, g, an dentate. 2 tat'till, O. b. Ju. 0. pr spi, e, o: 1 cor, g, to: st red. 3 mctd, C. S. 0. c sub-inf, t, pr pu pk no sub-glo, sub-cor, sub-en. Dau'cus. 5—2. 60. Greek name of carrot. Carrot. 1 caro'la, w. J. ft. seeds his: pe n un side: diof 1 nr-li, a. 2—3£ 2 pusiilus, st his: 1 with seg very sml, li-ln: u sml: seeds m, 8-ribs. Decuma'ria. 11—1. 89. Lat decema, tenth. 1 barbura, w. Ju. 1 o-ol, a at each end, sr. S. 2 sarmen'tosa, 3.1 o, a, rd at base, sr at top. 3 alata, st cp: 1 pnt, confluent, li, en. In the sea. Delphin'ium. 12—2. 61. Gr. delphin, the dolphin. Lark-spur, 5. 1 exaltatuni, b. Ju. 21. pe not dilated at bnse: 1 flat, 3-cleft be mid. 2 azureum, b. M. 2f. pe dilated at base: 1 3—5 par, my-cleft: di li 2 f. 3 vircs'cens, g-w. 2f. pu: ne4-l, sh than 5 pt, inner b: 1 3-par; div li. 4 simplex, pu: pe dilated at base: 1 3 par, li di; r si; spur strail. 5 consolida, b. Ju. 0. ne 1-1: st sub-di. 4 f. E. 6 staphisagria, b. Ap. ft. ne 4-1, sh than pt: 1 pal ot lo. 2 £ 7 ajacis, b. Au. 0. ne 1-1: stsi. 2f. 8 tricorne, O. b-w. M. 21- pe dilated at base, g: 1 5-par; di3—5 cleft. S- Denta'ria. 14—2. 63. Lat. dens, a tooth. Tooth-root. 1 dipbylla, w. M. 21. st2-l: 1 ter, o-ol, uneq gh-to: root to. 6—8 i. 2 laciniata, p. M. 21- 1 in threes,#ter; 1 3-par; seg ot, gh-to: ro tub. 3 heterophylla, p. w. J. st2-l; 1 ter, pe; 1 li, sub-In, a, en; mr rough, cii. 4 maxima, p. 21. 1 nm, al, pe; 1 ter, sub-ov, gh-to: It ones lo: ax w gld. 5 multifida, p. st 2-1: 1 my-par, seg li, a. 10 i. S. 6 tenella, p. Ap. 2£. st2-l: 1 distant, ss, ter; 1 li-ov, en; pe wd-form. 7 dissecta, p. g, e: st 2-1: 1 my-cleft; di li: fr. 4—5 i. Dian'thus. 10—2. 82. Gr. Dis (Dios) Jupiter, and anthos, flower. Pink. I armeria, r. Ju. 0. fag, fas. scales ofc In, v, eq tube. 1 £ 2 barbatus, r. w. Ju. 2f. f fas: 1 c o-sb, eq tube: 1 In. E. 3 caryophyllus, r. w. 2f. fsl: 1 c sub-rh, sh: pt ere, b: 1 li-sub. 4 chinensis, Ju. 0. fsl: scales ofc sb, spr, 1, eq tube: p ere: 1 In. 5 plumarius, r. w. 2f. fsl: scales of c sub-o, sh, ot, awnless. 6 caroUnianus, fag: pd lg: scales sml than tube. S. Diapen'sia. 5—1. 44. Gr. name of Sanicle. I lapponica, ces: 1 spt, g: fpd: anthers oblique, w awns. 2 cuntifolia, w. J. b. crp: 1 In wd, pu be: f ss: anthers beaked. Diarrhe'na. 3—2. 10. Gr. dis, two, arrene, rough. 1 americana, Ju. 2f. culm e, na, com, sea ab: she sub-pu: pn r. Dichon'dra. 5—2. 44. Gr. dis, two, and chrondros, a grain. 1 caroliniensis, p. J. 21- pu: 1 ren-em, one-cl: c v cil. Crp. S. Dichro'mena. 3—2. 9. Gr. dis, two, and chroma, color. leucocci h'ala, Au. 21. inv sub-3-1, white at base: hd white. It DICHROMENA, DONIA. 147 2 ciliata, Ju. inv and 1 cil at base: sk ol, ta. S. 3 latifolia, 3. 2f. inv my-1, lr, 1 white: hd cp: 1 lg, she st. 9—18 i. Dicranum. 21—2. * 4. Gr. dicranos, forked. 1 cerviculatum, mo; st si, 1 cap, w-n spr, lax cps ven, e, rec gibbose. 2 scoparium, st ram, 1 ln-o, ac, ke falcate, peslie. si, lid lg-beaked. Dickso'nia. 21—1. 5. James Dickson, a Cryptogamist. 1 pilosiuscula, Ju. 2f. fr bipnt: 1 de, o-ol, pnt: di sub-4-to: fru-dots si. Diervil'la. 5—1. 58. M. Dierville. Bush honeysuckle. 1 canadensis, O. y. Ju: b. pd ax and tm, die, 3-f: 1 o, sr, ac. 2—3 £ Digita'lis. 13—2. 37. Lat. digitale, finger of a glove. Foxglove. 1 purpurea, p. Ju. ft. 1 of c o, a: co ot; up lip en: 1 ln-o, rg. E. 2 intermedia, p. Ju. 1 ofc In, eq: co pu; up lip em, 2-cleft: 1 pu atmr. Digita'ria. 3—2. 10. Lat. digitus, a finger. 1 sanguinalis, 0. sk nm, fas spr: 1 and she sub-h: sk ol: f pu on mr. 2 glabra, Au. 0. sk sub-al (3—4,) spr: 1 and she so: sk o, crd. 1 £ 3 serotina, 21. dc: 1 and she pu: sk nm, se: sk ped: inf gluminute. 4 fiUformis, Au. 0. culm e, fi; 1 sub-g: sk 2—4, fi e: skin 3, pe. 18 i. 5 paspaloides. Au. 0. sk in pa, sub-vat base: rac br, g: fsl, im 2-ways. Dila'tris. 3—1. 18. Gr. dis, double, and latris, servant. Red root. 1 tinctoria, y. Ju. 21- pt In, d outside: pnemb, d: 1 lg, na, li. 2 £ Diodia. 4—1. 57. Gr. diodos, way.side. 1 virginica, w. Au. 21. g: st pc, t: 1 In: co g within: fru ol, g. 2 tetrago'na, w. M. 2f. st. pc, sub-an, g: 1 cor o: sti sb. S. 3 hirsuta,w. S. 2f- hir: stpc: 1 In: sti se. Dion^'a. 10—1, 68. NameofVenos. Fly-trap. 1 muscipula, w. Ju. 2f. rad 1, im cil ap, sm resembling a rat-trap. S. Diosco'rea. 20—6. 12. Dioscorides. Yam root. 1 villosa, 3, 2f. lal, op' wr; cor, ac, pube, 9-n; It n si. St cli. 2 quaternata, 21. 1 verticillate by fours, al, cor, ac, g, 7—9 n; ltn di. Diospy'ros. 20—13. 49. Gr. Dios, Jupiter, and puros, fruit. Persimon. 1 virginiana, w-y. b. 1 o-ol, ac, g, ve: pe pu: budsg. V.pu, 1 ol: a, pu. Dio'tis. 19—4. 29. Gr. dis, double, and ous, (otos) ear. 1 lanata, 3. b. all over hoary-tom: st fl: glm of sk crd. S. Diphylle'ia. 6—1. 78. Gr. dis, double, andphullon, leaf. 1 cymosa, w. J. 21. g: 1 sub-pal, an lo, sr; lo ac; cyme my-f. S. Dips'acus. 4—1. 56. Gr. dipsakos, teasel. Teasel. 1 sylvestris, O. b. Ju. ft. 1 en, and op, sin: chaff straight: hd inv. 3-4. f. 2 fullo'num, teasel, w. Ju. ft. 1 ss, sr: chaff hooked. 3—6 fi E. Dir'ca. 8—1. 25. Gr. dirka, a fountain. Leather-wood. 1 palustris, y. Ap. b. 1 ov: fax, 2 or 3 in a h bud-like inv. Sml bush. Discopleura. 5—2. 60. Gr. diskos, disk, and pleron, rib. Bishop weed. 1 capillacea, w. Au. 0. e pc: u 3—10-rayed; 1 ofinv 3 to 5, all trifid. Dodeca'theon. 5—1. 35. Gr. dodeka, twelve, and theos, divinity. 1 meadia, p. M. 2f. 1 ol-ov, re-to: u my-f, lax: bt ov. 8—10 i. 2 integrifolium, b. J. 2f. 1 sub-spt, en; u few-f, straight: bt li. Do'lichos. 16—10. 93. Gr. dolichos, long. Cowhage. 1 purpureus, p. 0. st g: pe pu: co spr wi. Climbing. 2 pruriens p. 0. 1 hbe: le in r: v ke, h: pd in threes. E. 3 luteolus, w-y. Ju. 0. cli. pu: 1 o, ac: pd lg than 1: sk sh, sub-cpt. S. Don'ia. 17—2. 55. John Don, Scotch botanist. 1 squarrosa, y. Au. 2f- her: 1 els, sr: scales ofc fi at apex, squarrosei 148 DRABA, ELLIOTTIA. Dra'ba. 14—1. 63. Gr. drasso, to sneeze. Whitlow grass. 1 verna, w. Ap. 0. sc na: 1 ol, a, sub-sr, h: pt bifid: stg ss. 2—6 i. 2 caroliniana, w. Ap. 0. f-apx st na: 1 ov, a, hir: silicles lg-li, g. 2 i. 3 nivalis, 0. scp one-1, as: 1 In, en, sub-torn, with stellate h: pt re. 4 glabella, 0. scp 2-1, e: 1 ln-spt, sub-g: r dense-f: silicle ln-o, a. 5 incana, 3. ft. cau 1 hoary, nm, h: silicle ol, m with a sh style. 6 arabisans, M. ft. st 1, brh: rad 1 wd-ln; cau In, a: pod ac style perm. 7 alpina, Ap. 21- scp na, si: 1 In, en, spr: pe sub-em. 8 kirta, w. Ap. scp one 1: lol, a, dentate, hir: silicle, oblique pd. 9 glacialis, scp na: 1 ln-li, en, h: pt twice lg as c: silicles lg-r, ol-o. 10 nemoralis, y. M. brh: radl spt ol; cau ss, or els, o, pod h. S. Dracoceph'alum. 13—1. 42. Gr. drakou, a dragon, and kephale, head. 1 virginianum, p. Au. 2f. sk el, f crd: bt sb: te ofc eq, sh: 1 li-ln sr. 2 denticulatum, p. Ju. 2f. sk el, rtf: bt sb: te ofc eq: 1 ab-ln, to up. 3 variegatum, sk sh, square: bt o, ac, as lg as c: te of c uneq, 1 ss. 4 canariense, f sk: 1 ter ol. Gilead herb. E. 5 cordatum, b. J. 21. st pe pu: 1 cor, ot ere, sub-hir ab: sk secund bt. 6 parviflorum, w. Ju. ft. f, sub-capitate: 1 o-ln, sr, pe, bt, sr,"o, cil. Drose'ra. 5—6. 68. Gr. dwsos, dew. Sun-dew. 1 rotundifolia, O. y-w. Au. 21."scp si: 1 or, nrat base: pe lg, d. 6i. 2 longifolia, y-w. Ju. 2f. sub-cau, my-1; 1 spt, or ob lg pe; pe na. 4 i. 3 filiformis, p. J. 2f. scp sub-ram, t, g. 1 lg, fi: styles 6 to 9. Wet. If. 4 linearis, 2f- 1 li, ot: pt lg, na: few-f scp: c g. 5 brevifolia, w-r. J. 2f. sml: scp ro, si: 1 sh, wd, pe: pt ov. S. 6 foliosa, cau: 1 crd, ov, cu at base, on lg na pe. 4—6 i. Dry'as. 11—13. 92. Dry odes, sylvan goddesses. 1 integrfolia, w. Ju. 21- sml-1; 1 ov, a, cor at base, en, flat, tpm be. 2 octopetala, w. Ju. 21.1 o-ol, to, rg, white-tom be: pd one £ Duli'chium. 3—1. 9. Gr. du (duo) two, and lichen, scab. 1 spatha'ceum, O. g-y. Ju. 2f. st t, 3-an ab: 1, 3-ways sk spr, 6-f, sb. Echi'nops. 17—5. 54. Gr. echinos, a hedgehog, and opsis appear- ance. Globe thistle. t 1 sphctroceph'alus, 1 pnt: st brh.. E. Echi'tes 5—2. 47. Gr. echis, a serpent. 1 difformis, w-y. M. Au. 2f. cli: lower 1 li; up ones ov-ln, ac. S. Echi'um. 5—1. 43. Gr. echis, a aerpent. Bugloss. 1 vulgare, b. Ju. ft. st his: cau 1 ln-his: skit: sex. 2—3 £ Eclip'ta. 17—2. 55. Gr. ekleipo, deficient. 1 erecta, w. Ju. 0. e, die: 1 In at base, sr; pd pa, lg: scales ofc o. S. 2 procumbens, w. J. 0? dc: 1 lg In at base: sub-sr: scales ofc In, a> 3 brachypo'da, Ju. S. prt, divaricate: 1 In: pd si, pa, sh: scales ofc dv. Elaeag'nus. 4—1. 24. Gr. eleia, the olive. 1 argentea, 3. b. unarm: 1 ov-ol. a, covered silvery scales: fsnb-sl, no. Elephanto'tus. 17—5. 55. Gr. elephas, elephant, and pons, foot. Eleghant root. 1 caroUnianus, r. Au. 2f. rad and cau 1 ol, nr at base, pilose both sides. 2 nudicaulis, r. Au. 2f. rad 1 ov-ln, ere, sr, sub-sea, h be: st h, na. S. Elei-i'ne. 3—2. 10. A name of Ceres. Dog-tail. 1 indica, Ju. 0. sk e in pa, or rachis li: sk In, 5-f: culm cp. 8—12 i. 2 crucia'ta,, Ju. O. 0. sk quarter, m: sk 3-f: ex va c awned. 12-18 i. S. Elliot'tia. 8—1. 51. Stephen Elliott. 1 racemosa, w. 3. Tp. I al, In, m, en, sh pe, pu gibe: r tm. S. ELLISIA, equisetum. 149 Ellis'ia. 5—1. 43. John Ellis, author of several botanical dissertations. 1 nyctelea, w. & b. J. 0. st dc. brh, 1:1 al, pe, pnt, rg f si. 6—8 i. S. 2 ambigua, b. M. 0. st dc, brh, g, gl: 1 hir, ly-pnt, sub-ss: di sub-In, an to or lo: r It and tm. 4—6 i. Ely'mus. 3—2. 10. Gr. eluo, to fold up. Wild rye. 1 virginicus Ju. 2f. sk e, cp: sk in pa, 2—3 f: f so: glu In, n. 3—4fi 2 canadensis, Au. 2f. sk no spr, sk 3—5-f: f h, glu sb. 3—4 f. 3 villosus, Ju. 2f. sk no spr; f his, pilose: sk p2-3-f: glu li, pilose-cil, 2- n, sh than £ 2—3 £ 4 hystrix, Ju. 2f. sk e: sk div: c 0. , 3£ Hedge-hog grass.. 5 striatus, Ju. 2f. ske: sk 2-f, awned, his pa: cli, n, lg, sk. 3-4 £ 6 europeus, Ju. 21- sk e: sk 2-f, awned, as lg so inv. S. Elytra'ria. 2—1. 39. Gr. elutron, a scale. 1 virgata, 3. 21- 1 en near summit n un so: scales un f o. 12—18 i. S. Empe'trum. 20—3. 96. Gr. en, in, and petron, a stone. Crowberry. 1 nigrum, Tp. prt: brh g: 1 im, ol, g, mr re. Ene'mion. 12—2. 61. 1 bitcrnatum, 21-1 ter. Probably not distinct. Enslen'ia. 18—5. 47. A. Enslen. 1 al'bida, Ju. y-w. 21- twi: st with al pu line: 1 op, so, cor-o, ac, sin at base: cmb ax, my-f, lg pd: pe c pu. S. Epiden'drum. 18—1. 21. Gr. epi, upon, and dendron, a tree. 1 conopseum, y. Au. 2f st si: lln, sk e: lamina of lip 3-lo. S. Epigae'a. 10—1. 51. Gr. epi, upon, and gl, the earth. Trail arbutus. 1 repens, r. w. Ap. b. st crp: brh pe hir: 1 cor-o, en: co cy. Epilo'bium. 8—1. 88. Gr. epi, upon, and lobos, a pod. Willow herb. I spicatum, O. p. Ju. 21- 1 sc, ln-li, ve, g; funeq bt: s declined. 4—6£ 2 coloratum, O. r-p. Ju. 21 • st te, pu, 1 In, pe, op; up al, g. 3—4. £ 3 lineare, O. w. r. Ju. 2f. st t, pu, brh ab: cau 1 op, brh-lal. 1—2f- 4 molle, w-p. Au. 2f. densely pu: st t: 1 ol-li, ss, en; lower op: up ones al: f pe, sub-tm, regular. 12—18 i. 5 palustre, O. p. Ju. 21- st t: 1 ss, In, sub dt; stg undi. 6 alpi'num, w-r. Au. 2£. st si, sub-t, 1 or 2-f: 1 op, ov, en; f ss. 1—3 i. 7 latifolium, p. Ju. 21- 1 al, ln-o, en, pu, without ve: funeq. 8 luteum, y. 21- st 4-cornered, g: 1 op; up ones al, In, ac, serrulate: pd ax, al, el: di of c nr, lg as pt: style ex: stg thick, 4-lo. 9 densum, h: 1 near each other, sc, ss, ln-li, ot, n: pn pd; bt ol. 10 leptophyllum, st brh, sub-sea: 1 al sub-ss li nr en: g, 1-n, a, nrat base: fax, si, pd. 11 divaricatum, st brh, g: brh spr: 1 op, pe: pt in; a, g, uneq to. 12 tcnellum, st fi, sub-si: 1 op, g, ss; nr-li, en, a, 1-n: f fewtmpd. Epiphe'gus. 13—2. 36. Gr. epi, upon, and phlgas, the beech. Beech drops. 1 virginianus, O. y. p. Ju. 2f. stbrh: fal: csh, cup-form. 8—12i. Eo.uise'tum. 21—1. 5. Lat. equus, a horse, and seta, hair. Horsetail. 1 arvense, O. Ap. 2f. stsi brh; sea, 4-sided: fru si: she cy, gh-to. 8 i. 2 hyema'le, Ju. 21- st e, sea, sk at apex: she 2-cl, at base and apex. 2-3 £ 3 sylvaticum,0. Ap. 2f. ferst2-brh; brh sea, 4-sided; brh 3-sided. 4 limosum, Ju. st brh up, brh 12 in wr, si pentagonal, so. 2—4 £ 5 scirpoides, O. Ju. 2f. st si, as, g, fi, bearing sk at top: she 3-to; te withering, awns at apex. 3—6 i. 6 ulitrino'sum, 2f. st e, rd, so, sm brh; brh from middle jt uneq tO black. 13* 150 EQUISETUM, ERIOGONUM. 7 palustre, 3. 21.. st si ram, g fnr: brh 5-an sk at apex. 8 torreyanum, 2f. st brh; brh rough, 6-an cp to st: sk tm. Erian'thus. 2—2. 10. Gr. erion, wool, and anthos, flower. 1 alopecuroides, p. S. 2f. h-like inv lgc: awns straight. 6—10 f. S. 2 brevibarbis, p. 2+. pn sm spr: h-like inv sh than c: awn straight. 3-5 f. 3 strictus, p. Au. inv sh, or none: pn ap; brh rt: pd2-f: awns straight, twice lg as c. 4—6 f. 4 contortus, Oc. 2f. h invlgas c: va of co eared; awn twisted. Eri'ca. 8—1. 51. Gr. ereiko, brittle. Heath. 1 pubcsccns, r. M. co li, pu, limb e: cpsg: 1 fringed. E. 2 tet'ralix, b • anthers awned: coo: style enclosod: 1 fours, cil: f in hd. Eri'geron. 17—2. 55. Gr. lr,. the spring, and gerdn, an old man. 1 alpi'num, p. Ju. 2f. v: st 1-f: c v: rays spr: lln, ot. 2 i. 2 beUidifolium, O. b. &w. M. .if. hir , hoary: rad and caul ob, sub-sr; up few, In, ss, en: st 3—8 f: rays lg. 12— l* i. 3 integrifolium, w. Ju. 2f. st si, 1, so: lln, en, 3-n: fcmb; c hem. 2f. 4 purpureum, O. p. Ju. 21.. pu: 1 ol, to, els; up en: pd cmb; lower el: scales of c b on ke; rays twice lg as c. 2 £ 5 composilum, w-r. Ju. 2f. sub-stless: radilg-pe, tlirice 3-par: di li; cau 1 li, undi: st na ab, 1-f. 8i. 6 philadelphicum, O. b-p. Au. 2f. pu: 1 wd-ol, gh-to; cau half-cls: stsi. cmb ab: pd el, 1-f: rays cap, twice lg as hem c. 1—3 £ 7 strigosum O. w. Ju. ft. h 1 In, ta both ends: middle few teeth. 2—3f. 8 heterophyllum, w. J. ft. rad 1 rd-o, to, pe; cau In, a, in middle. 2-3f. 9 nervosum, y. w. Ju. 21? pu: 1 ln-li, en, silky, n: f pn. 10 hys'sopifo'lium, y. Ju. 2f. st pn, brh, few prt intona pd: 1 li, g, cil. 11 canadense,0. w. Ju. 0. st his, pn: 1 ln-li, cil: c cy: rays crd, sh. 4 i 12 pumilum, w. 2[. hir: stsi, 1-f: 1 li, en, ss, w n: c hir. 4—5 i. S. 13 nudicaule, w. y. J. 2f. g: rad 1 In-spt, a, to: st si, l-less, lg: tm cmb few-f: rays lg as inv. 2 £ 14 quercifolium, b. w. Ju. 2f. pu: 1 In, a; rad ly, to; up en: st sub-si, few-f 3 at summit: rays twice lg as c. 8—10 i. 15 longifolium, y. Au. g: st pn: brh straight: 1 lg-li, straight: c o. 16 ambiguum, w-y. pu sub sea: Hi: lower sr: fsml, in pa. ax tm. 18 i. 17 asperum, w. Au. hir-sca: st 2-f, 1 In, a, en: c hem. 12 i. 18 glabellum, w-b. Au. 2f. 1 ln-li, so, a; rad Ig-pe, ln-spt, n. 12—18 i. 19 divaricaiion, Au. 0. dc, brh: pn sub-fs: 1 sb: f of disk 4-cleft. Eriocau'lon. 19—4. 13. Gr. erion, wool, and kaulos, a stem. Pipe wort. 1 petlu'cidum, O. g. Au. 2f. scp 7-striped: 1 li-sb, g, 5-n. hd sml. 6-12i. 2 decangulare, w. S. 2f. scp 10-striped: 1 g: hd lr: 1 invo, a. 3—4 £ 3 flavidulum, Ju. 0. or 2f. scp nm, 7-furrowed, pu: 1 sh, sb: hdconvei: scales of inv rd. 2—4 i. 4 gnaphalioides, Ju. 2f. scp sub-cp 10-fur: lsh, sb, ensiform, g. 10-14 i. 5 villosum, 2f. scp nm, cp, 4-fur, v: 1 sh, sb, li, h; hd sml sph. 12 i. S. Erioco'ma. 3—1. 10. Gr. erion, wool, and home, hair. 1 membranacea, 1 fi, g: pn lax: pd fl: scales of c 3-n, lg ac: co sh c, v, h exceed co: awn na, lg c. S. Eriogo'nun. 9—2. 28. Gr. erion, wool, and gonu, the knee. 1 parvifolium, c na. cau 1 pe, al, o, or-re ab, tom be. 2 latifolium, c na: caul al, pe, cor, dab, woolly be: pe els. EKIOGONUM, ERYTHRONIUM. 151 3 tenellum, 2f. st die, na, g: brh el, bearing fas of f st extremities: f minute: di of c rd, ot, g: 1 o, cor, d be, pu ab. 12 i. 4 umbellatum, 2f. stna, si: pd el, u bearing si inv at apex: c g, di ob, nrat base, ot: 1 ob-spt, be, sm gab. 8 i. 5 tomentosum, Ju. 2f. 1 ov, wd at base, g ab, d be; cau 1 in threes and fours: fas f ax, si, ss. 2 £ S. " 6 sericcum,. y. Ju. 2f. st si, na: f fas, tm u, pd: u inv: diof col, a, rad 1 pe, ln-ol, v ab. 7 pauciflorum, w. 2f. st si, 1 at base: u few-f: f sub-ss: 1 ln-li d. Erioph'orum. 3—1. 9. Gr. erion, wool, and phero, to bear. 1 alpinum, Au. 21. culm sea, na: 1 sh, sb: skol woolly h few. 8—10 i. 2 vaginatum, Ju. 21. culm t. ot-trian ab, so rigid: she inflated. 12 i. 3 polysta'chyon, Ju. 21. lflat, 3-an at apex culm t: sk no. 18—24 i. 4 virginicum, 3. 21. culm t below, ot trian ab: 1 flat, lg: sk clustered, e, sub-ss: inv 2—3 1. Var. 1 fi. 2—4f. 5 anguslifolium, 3. 2f. culm trian: 1 channelled 3-an: pd so. Ero'dium. 15—5. 73. Gr. erodios, a heron. Stork. 1 cicuttirium, p. Ap. 0. st prt, rough-h: 1 gh-pnt; seg ss, gh-pnt: pd my-f: pt uneq. Var. caulescent, seg pnt, li lo. 6 i. 2 ciconium, 0. pdmy-f: lpnt: lpnt, to: pt ol, ot: st as. E. 3 moschatum, 0. pd my-f: 1 pnt: 1 sub-pe, olr gh-to: pt eqc: st prt. Er'vum. 16—10. 93. Lat, ervum, from eruo, to pluck out. Vetch. 1 hirsutum, p. J. 0. pdmy-f: le hir, 2-seeded: 1 li, tru. 2 tet'raspermum, b. J. 0. pd 2-f: le so, 4-5-seeded: 1 ol, tru. Eryn'gium. 5—2. 60. Gr. eruggion, to eruct. 1 aquaticum, w-b. Ju. 2f- lensiform, fringed sp; f 1 undi, sh. 3—4 £ 2 virginianum, g. b. Ju. 21. tall: 1 lg-ln, sr: inv lg than hd. 4—6 £ 3 ovatifolium, b. Ju. 2f. 1 spt-o, to: hd sh inv: ch eq 3-cus. 2—3£ 4 diffusum, w. 0. st dic-brh: lpal: di ol, gh-sr, sp: hd sub-glo: 1 of inv 4—6, 3-cleft, gh-sr, lg hd: germ squamose. 6—8 i. 5 foe'tidum, Ju. 2f. rad 1 In, sr; f 1 my-cleft: st die. 1 f. S. 6 aromat'icum, Oc. 2[. sti: 1 pnt, 3-cleft cr mr. 9—10i. 7 gracile, Ju. 0s. 1 pe, ov, en: st brh; hdnm, sml: iuv 2-1, 3-cleft, If. 8 plukenctii, w-b. J. 1 lg, li-ln, sr: inv 8-1, Igthan hd: ch 3-awned. 2f. 9 prostratum, 2f. sg crp fi: lpe, o, not prickly, sm en, or teeth lo increas- ing base: hdax, pd, o: 1 of inv 5, ol-li, en: ch li, sml, sm none. 10 baldwinii, lpe, ov: st brh, prt: hdnm: 1 of inv twice 3-par; lo li. Erysimum. 14—2. 63. Gr. eruo, to draw. Cress. 1 nasturtium, w. J. 21. silique sh: 1 pnt, 1 rd, re, to. 2 palustre, y. Ju. 0. 1 ly-pnt; lo uneq dt, so: pt lg of c. 12—18 i. 3 amphibium, O. y. J. 2f. silique ol-o, declined: Hn-ol, pnt or sr. 1-2 £ 4 vulgare, y. 3. 2f • silique pnd: 1 pnt; 1 In, gh-sr. 5 lanceolatum, pu 2-par, cp: st sub-si: 1 ln-li, lower to: claw lgc: pod lg, e: stg em. White rg. 6 walteri,y. Feb.—M. 21. brh, prt: lpnt; segot, sin. 6—14 i. S. 7 cheiranthoides, g. 1 In, sub-sea, green: siliques, e, spr, twice lg as ped. 8 asperum, 1 li-ol; lower to-run, sca-pu: siliques spr, style sh thick. Erythri'na. 16—10. 93. Gr. Iruthros, red. 1 herbacea, r. M. 2f. sml: Iter; 1 ih, g: sklg: sther, prickZy. 2-4 £ S. Erythro'mum. 6—1. 14. Gr. eruthros, red. Adder's-tongue. 1 americanum, O. y. Ap. 2f. lln-ov: pt ol-ln, otatpoint; inner2-dtbase; stg3-lo: 1.spotted. 6—8 i. 152 ERYTHRoNlUM, EUPATORIUM. 2 albidum, b-w. Ap. 2f- 1-ln; pt li-ln, ot; inner w to. 6—8 i. 3 bracteatum, y. J. 21. scp bt, sh 1, In, uneq: style club, stg united. 4 grandiflorum, w-y. J. 2f. pt In, unguiculate, a: gmol: 1 li-ln. S. Euchro'ma. 13—2. 36. Gr. eu, beautiful, chroma, color. Painted cup. 1 coccin'ea, y. & r. J. ft. 1 al, li, gh-pnt; di li: bt 3-cleft, lg f: e 2-cleft, di re, em. F yellow, scarZet bt. "10—16 i. 2 grandifiora, g-w. M. 2f. lbt 3-cleft; seg divaricate: e 4-par. S. Euon'ymus. 5—1. 95. Gr. eu, good, nomos, name. Spindle tree. 1 atropurpu'reus, p. J. b. 1 pe, ln-ol, ac, sr: pd divaricate. 4—5 £ 2 americanus, i-y. J. b. brh 4-an. so: 1 sub-ss, ln-ov, a, sr; pd 3-f; fall 5-cleft: fiu red. Var. st ro, a 4-an: 1 sub-ss, opaque. 3—4 £ 3 obovatus, p-g. J. b. st prt, ro; twigs e, ot 4-cornered: 1 br-ob, ot, aat base, sub-ss, a sr, flat: pd 3-f. S, pt, sm but 4. 1 £ 4 angustfolius, Ju. b.brh 4-an: 1 lg-li, ensiform, en: pd 1-f. S. Eupato'rium. 17—1. 55. Eupator king of Pontus. Bone-set. 1 hyssopifolium, w. Au. If. ste: lowest 1 op, ln-li, sub-dU cmb sub-fs: style much lg than co. 2 £ 2 linearifolium, 2f. st sub-prt, v summit: cau 1 op, ln-li. 1—2 £ 3 scssilfolium, w. Au. 21. 1 ss, els, distinct, ln-o, rd at base, sr, g. 2 f. 4 truncatum, w. Ju. b. 1 ss, els, -In, tru at base, sr, sm g: st pu. 5 album, Au. 21. 1 sub-ss, ln-ol, sr: scales c lg, In, sea, cl. 18—24 i. 6 lanceolatum Au. 21- 1 ss, ln-ol, sea, sr at base: scales ofc 1-cl. 7 verbenacfolium, w. Au. 21. 1 ss, ln-o, rg, sea; up coarse teeth at base* summit en. 2 £ 8 melissioides, w. Au. 2f. 1 pe, o, ot, ot-sr, ve, g. 1—2 £ 9 rotundifolium, w. Au. 2f. 1 ss, rd, gl, ot-sr, ve: scales ofc ac. 12-18 i 10 pubescens, w. Au. 2f. 1 ss, o, sub-sea ve; lower ones sr., up sub-sr: st pn, pu: brh fs. 18—24 i. 11 altiss'imum, w. Au. 2f. 1 sub-ss, In, 3-n, ta ends, pu. 3—7 f. 12 amoenum, p. S. 2f. 1 sh pe, op, ln-ol, a at ends, sr, sub-g* rg, ve be: cmb crd: scales of c ol, cl, a. 2 £ 13 trifoliatum, p. Au. 2f. 1 pe, in threes, fours, o, ov, ac, sr, pu. 3—4 £ 14 ceanothifolium, Au. 21- 1 pe, o, ac, to, 3-n, sub-g: c 5—10 £ 2 £ 15 purpu'reum, O. p. Au. 2f. 1 in fours or fives, pe, ln-o, sr, rg-ve, roughish: st hollow. Var. c5-f: 1 in fives, pe, In, g bothsides. 4—6 £ 16 maculatum, p. Au. 2f. 1 in fours or fives, ln-o, sr, pube. 4-5 £ 17 verticillatum, p. Au. 21 • 1 pe, in threes or fours, ln-o, ac at each end, uneq sr, g: st so. 4—6f. Joe-pye, also puipurum. 18 punctatum, p. Au. 2f. 1 in fours or fives, pe, o, ac, sr, sea sides. 3-5f 19 perfoliatium, O. w. Au. 2f. 1 con-ol-sr, rg, d be: st v. 2 £ 20 coelesti'num, b. Au. 2f. 1 pe, hr-o, ot, 3-n, ot-sr, sea: c-my-1, my-f: 30—40 rec conic. 2—3 £ 21 ovatum, w. Au. 2f. h, sea: lop, ss, o, ot dt: cmbfs: c 8-f. 3—4 £ 21 aromaticum, w. Au. 2f. 1 pe, cor-o, a, 3-n, ot sr, sm sea. 2 £ 33 ageratoides, w. Au. 21- 1 pe, o, ac, 3-n, uneq to, sr, g. 2—4 £ 24 foenicula'ceum, y-w. S. 21- st pn: 1 g: lower pnt. 3—10£ S. 25 coronopifblium, w. S. 21. stpn: lower lpnt: di ln-li; up 1 undi, li; all pte, pu. 3—4 £ 26 cunefolium, 1 pe, ob-ln, srat summit, 3-n, pu. 1 £ 27 falcatum, w h: 1 in fours, ln-ov; ac each end, sr: scales ofc sh, ov. 28 pinnatifidum, 2f. 1 pnt; lower: up al; di li, pu: f cmb. 3—4 £ 29 glaucescens, w. S. Iss, In, ot sr, en at base, 3-n, gl, pu: f cmb. 2 £ eupatorium, ferula. 153 30 parviflorum. w. S. 1 ss, nr-ln, a sr, pu on both sides: f cmb, sml. 2 £ 31 scrolinuva, w. S. 1 pe, ln-o, ta summit, a, asr, 3-m, pu. 5—6 f. 32 incarnatum, p. Oc. llg pe, cor, a, ot to, 3-n, g: scales c eq. 2f. Euphror'bia. 19—1. "96. Euphorbus,- king of Mauritania. Spurge. 1 corollata, Ju. 2f. u 5-cleft, 3-cleft, die: inv and 1 ol, ot: pt ob, resemb appenda of c. Var. 1 li-ln, ss, h be: u 3-cleft: rays el. 1—2 f. 2 peplus, Ju. 0. u 3-cleft, die; inv o: len, ob, pe. 3 obtusata, Ju. 21- u 3-rayed, die: inv o, ot, sub-cor: 1 al, ss, spt, sr, so: cps muricate. 12—18 i. 4 mercu'riali'na, Ju. 2f. stsi 3-cleft: lop ter, sub-ss, ov, en, pd tru. 5 pilosa, O. Ju. 2f. u with 5 rays: inv o: 1 In, sm h: seg inv en. l-2f. 6 helioscopia, 0. u 5 primary rays, bifid: inv ob: 1 wd, sr, g. 12—18 i. 7 hypericfolia, Ju. 0. die, g brh, sub-e, spr: 1 op, sr, ov-ol, sh-pe: cinb tm, ax. Var. st h: 1 ol, so, sr. 12—18 i. 8 maculata, Ju. O. 0. st prt, e, brh, h: 1 op, ovolsr, base, shpe, so, ab, h be: fsl and ax, sh than 1. 6—12 i, 9 polygonifalia, Ju. 2f. g: 1 op, en, ln-li, ot at base: fsl, ax: sti si. 10 ipecacuan'hac, Ju. 21- prt, sml, g: 1 op, obov or In: pd ax, el, 1-fl. 11 portulaccoides, Ju. 21- e: 1 en, ov, re: pd ax: 1-f, as lg as 1. 12 dentata, Ju. 0. h: 1 op, ov, dt: f crd at summit of st. 13 lathyrus, 3. ft. u 4-cleft, die: 1 op, en, In, pointing 4 ways. E. 14 cyathopora, O. Ju. 0. sub-shrubby: 1 pe, o, to gui: up inv cl. 2 £ S. 15 gramirt folia, sml, e, brh from base, pu: 1 sc, li, en; up disci base. 16 thymfolia, O. prt, pu: 1 op, ov-ol, ot, sr near summit; hd ax, ss. 17 pubentissimma, w. Ju. 21- e, pu: st die: 1 op, ss, ov, sub-cor, ot. 18 marginata, w. Ju. 0. u 3-cleft, twice die: inv 1-like; inv ol, cor, cl, mem at mr: 1 ln-ol, sub-cor-cls, a, gl, g: pt of c rd: cps pilose. 19 cordifolia, w. M. 0, prt, g, brh: 1 sml, op, br-ov, en, cor base. 8-15 i. 20 gra'cilis, 3. 21. st e, die, g: 1 op, rt, ss, ln-li: pd si, in di, st. 12 i. 21 paniculata, Au. u 3-cleft, die: ftm, sm pn, ov, ss* h be: st h. 1-2 £ 22 hex'ago'na, tall, brh: 1 li: f in ax clusters. Euphra'sia. 13—2. 36. Gr. euphraino, to exhiliarate. Eye-bright. 1 officinalis, w. Ju. 0. 1 o, ot to: di of lip em. 2 latfolia, p. Ju. 0. 1 o, to-pal: f sk: co tubular: di of lip ot. Evol'vulus. 5—2. 44. Lat. evolvo, to roll outward. 1 argenteus, p. M. 2f. st si, e: 1 ol, a, tom bothsides: pd 1-f, sh. 2 mummularis, 0. lrd: st crp: f sub-ss. 3 sericeus, O. 0. lln, ss, be: pdsh, 1-f. Ex'acum. 4—1- 46. Gr. ex, out, and ago, to drive. 1 pulchcllum, r. Au. 0. co 4-cleft: c 4-par; disb: pn cmb: pd fi. Fa'gus. 19—12. 99. Gr. phago, to eat. Beech. 1 fer'rugin'ea, O. y-w. M. b. 1 o-ol, ac, pu be, to, at base ot. 40—60 £ 2 sylvatica, y-w. M. 2f. 1 o, ac, to, cil at mr, a at base. 50—100 f. Fe'dia. 3—1. 56. Gr. pheido, harmless. Lamb lettuce. 1 radiata, w. J. 0. stdic: 1 spt-ol, sub-en: fru pu, 4-sided. 8—18 i. 2 chenopodifolia, 0. die: 1 o, a: cyme na, divaricate die. 8 i. 3 olitoria, st die: 1 ln-li. E. Fer'cla. 5—2. 60. Lat./erio, to whip. 1 villosa, w. Ju. 2f. 1 dec; di ter; 1 o, sr, rigid, ve:. st, pd, u, v. 2 foenicula''cea, y. 2f. stless, pu: Idee, sub-biter-pnt; diat base decussate: seg sh, nr-li, a; di 3-cleft: inv 5-7-lo. 1 £ S. 3 nudicaulis, w. M, 21, 1 rad, thrice ter; 1 uneq-to: ray u el 154 FESTUCA, FRITILLARIA. Festu'ca. 3—2. 10. Celtic/esc, pasture. Fescue. 1 elatior, O. J. 2f. pn spr, brh, lax: sk o-ln, 4.5-f; farm. 3—4 f. 2 myurus, J. 0. #• pn crd, eq: sk 4-f: fsb, awned, h. 6—12 i. 3 tcnelta, 3. 0. pn sk, si, 1-sided: sk 9-f: brs sh thansb £ 8—15 l. 4 durius'cula, 3. 21- pn 1-sided, ol: sk 5-6-f, t: ftm by sh brs. 12-18 i. 5 rubra, J. 2f. pn 1-sided, e, spr: sk t: fig than brs at tips. 18 i. 6 pratensis, 3. 21- pn spr, brh: sk li, my-f, a: Hi: ro fi. 1—2 £ 7 poaeoi'des, pncrd; lower brh si: sk al, ol, sub-ss, unarm: 1 flat, g. 8 nutans, J. 2f. pn atlgno: brh lg, in pa, na below: sk o, 3-5-f: f sm ot, unarm, n-less. 3 £ 9 fascicularis, E. Au. 0. culm prt: pu: brh straight, sk-like. 1 £ 10 clandestina, pn in she: brh si, si; sk 10-f; fawned. 8 i. 11 spicata, 3. skal, ss, e, sm 5-f: fsb, sub-g, sea awn: li 1 g. S. 12 grandiflora, pn si, e: sk few, 7-f: fa, distant. 13 parviflora, Ap. 2f- pn eq. appressed. sk t-sb, 5-f, awned. 12—18 i. Fi'cus. 20—3. 98. Fig. 1 carica, g. Ju. b. Icor, 3or5-lo, re-to: lo ot, sea ab. 5—8 £ E. Fimb'risty'lis. 3—1. 9. Lat. fimbria, a fringe, and stylis. 1 spadi'emm, Ju. 2f. sko-ln: inv 1 1 lg than u: 1 sb, t, striate. 2—3 £ 2 ferrugineum, 2f. st cp: an summit sea: 1 concave, those of inv uneq cil: skin, rd. 1—3 £ 3 castaneum, Ju. 21- sk o-ol, ot: inv 2-1, rigid, lg as com u. S. 4 cylindricum, 2f. sk cy, ot: inv 1-1, eq si u. Floer'kea. 6—1. 61. Floerke, a German. False mermaid. 1 uliginosa, w-y. Ap. 2f. 1 al; un ter, ab water q-pnt. Fothergil'la. 11—2. 78. John Fothergill. Witch alder. 1 alnfolia, w. Ap. b. 1 wd-ob, cre-to ab. Var. lias o-ol 1, sub-cor. S. Fraga'ria. 11—13. 92. Lat. fragro, to perfume. Strawberry. 1 virgiuiana, O. w. M. 2f. c of fru spr: h on pe e, on pd cp: 1 g ab; pd few: rec of seed ol. 2 canadensis, w. M. 2f. lr: 1 br-ov, It ones pe: pd nm, pnd: rec of seed glo, v: c of fru e, cohering. 3 vesca, w. M. 21- c of fru rx: h on pe spr, on pd cp. E. 4 elatior, w. 21- c of fru rx; h on pd and pe spr. 5 grandiflora, w. 2f. c of fru e: h on pd and pe e: 1 co, g ab. Frase'ra. 4—1. 46. John Fraser. Columbo. 1 caroliniensis, r. & y. Ju. #.lwrorop: fin clusters. 3—6 £ Frax'inus. 20—2. 34. Lat. fraxinus, the ash. 1 sambucifolia, O. M. b. 1 ss, ln-o, sr, rg, rd-oblique at base; axol ve v be: f na, not c. 2 acuminata, O. w-g. M. b- 1 pe, ol, shining, ac, en, to, gl be: f c. 3 pubescens, Tp. 1 pe, ov-o, sr; pe brh dbe: fc. Var. 1 nr, ln-o, sub-sr. 4 juglandfolia, b • 1 pe, o, opake, sr, gl be; ax of ve pu: brh g. 5 epiptera, M. Tp. 1 ln-ov, sub-sr: cps wd, ot-em at apex, t below. 6 platycarpa, E.' Ap. b. 1 pe, sr, like fru, In-elliptic. 7 caroliniana, Ap. b. lpe, In, sr, g: brh g: f c. 8 triptera, b. 1 ob, en, sub ss, tom be, oblique at base: fru br, ob. S. 9 quadrangulata, Tp. 1 sub-ss, ln-ov, sr, pu be: samara ot at each end. Fritilla'ria. 6—1. 14. fritillus, a chess board. Crown Imperial 1 lanceolata, p. Ju. 2f• st 1, 1-2-f: 1 ln-li, ot; lower wr: pt In. S. 2 alba, w. Ap. 21- gl: 1 rt, al, ss, ol-li, flattish, ot, sub-striate be. 1 f, 3 imperialis, r. y. M. 2f. f un al, no: 1 ln-li, en. E. FR1T1LLARIA, GALIUM. 155 4 metea'gris, p. & y. M. 2f. 1 al, li: st 1-f: nee li: f checkered. Fu'chsia. 8—1. 88. L. Fuchs, a German. Ear-drop. 1 magellanica, r. pd ax, 1-f: 1 op or in threes, en: f pnd. E. Fu'cus. 21—2. 4. Gr. phukos, a sea weed, red color. 1 nodosus, stxp, inf with internal vesicles; rec It: stalk pyriform. 2 uesiculosus,i'r flat-ribbed, li: die en, vesicles: sph, innate upon fr: pd rec, tm elliptical. 24 i. Fuire'na. 3—1. 9. Geo. Fuiren. 1 squarrnsa, Ju. 2f. sk 5-6, o: culm so: 1 cil: she h: va ofco cor-o. Var. culm pu ab: 1 so: throat of she h: sk 1.3, tm. 18 i. 2 his'pida, Au. 1 lg, with she his: st his ab: hd my. 1—2 £ S. Fuma'ria. 16—6. 93. Lat. fumus, smoke. Fumitory. 1 officinalis, r. J. 0. st brh, spr: Idee; 1 ln-wd, gh. 6—10 i. Fu'naria. 21—2. 2. ha.t. funis, a rope. 1 hygrometrica, 1 o, a, concave, en, inflected: cps swelling: pe lg, twist- ing spirally when dry. Galac'tia. 16—10. 93. Gr. gala, milk. Milk.way. 1 glabella, r. & w. J. 2f. prt, sm twining, g: 1 ter: 1 ov-ol. ot, em at both ends: r ax, lg as 1: le v. 2 mollis, r. w. Ju. 2f. twining, soft pu: 1 ter, o-ol, ot, so, gl be. 3 villosa, p. Ju. 21 • pilose: 1 ter; 1 ol-o: ot, be: r ax, lg than 1. S. 4 elliotti, w. J. 21.1 pnt; 1 ov, em, gab, pube: rig, few-f. Galan'thus. 6—1. 17. Gr. gala, milk, and antlios, flower. Snow-drop. 1 nivalis, w. Ap. 21- 1 li, ke, a, rad: scp 1-f. E. Galar'dia. 17—3. 55. M. Gaillard, French. 1 pinnatifida, y. p. 1 pnt; di ln-li, sm en. 8 i. 2 hicolor, O. p. J. 2f- 1 al, ss, ln-li, a, pu, sr, cil; f si, tm: scales of o In, a, pu; rx; inner e: ch of egret en, awned. 2£ S. Ga'las. 5—1. 83. Gr. galax, milky. 1 rotundifolia, w. 3. 21- g: Trd-reniform, to; sk lg. S. Gale'ga. 16—10. 93. Gain, milk. Goat rue. I virginiana, O r. 2f. e, whitish d; 1 17 to 21, ln-ol, ac: r tm, sh. 2 chrysophylla, prt, pu; lpnt, in fives, snb-ss: 1 cu: pdop 1, lg, 3-£ S. 3 hispid'ula, r. M. 21- st e, pu, pic: lpnt; 1 11—15 ov, sub-re: m. 4 pauctfolia, r. M. 2f. st dc, v. 1 pnt; 1 ov, wd at base, v be: pdlg 1. Galeop'sis. 13—1. 42. Gr. gall, a weasel, and opsis, appearance. Flower nettle. 1 telra'hit, O. r. & w. Ju. 0. st thicken up: lo, his, sr: c prickly. 2 f. 2 ladanum, r. Ju. 0. st h: internodes not swollen: lln, sub-sr, h. 1 £ Ga'lium. 4—I. 57. Gr. gala, milk. Bed-straw. 1 trifidum, y. Ju. 2f. st pc, sea: cau 1 in fives: brh 1 in fours, li, ot 2 verum. y. Ju. 21- 1 wr, in eights, li, en, sea: f dense pn: 1 wd-ob. 3 tinctorium, O. w. Ju. 2f. st so: cau 1 in five and sixes: brh 1 in fours. 4 obtusum, w. Ju. 21- st so, prt: 1 in fours, ol In, ot. rough on mr. 5 asprellum, O. w. Ju. 2f. st diffuse, brh, prickly: 1 in fives and sixes. 6 brachialum, w. Ju. 21- st lg, ram, his: brh sh: 1 in sixes, ln-ol, ac, g. 7 aparine, w. J. ft. st sea: 1 in eights, li, and li-obln, mu, his ab. 3-4 £ 8 micranthum, O. w. Ju. 2f. stbrh, prickly: 1 sh, In, m, g; mr prickly. 9 triflorum, O. w. Ju. 2f. st pc, so: 1 in fives or sixes, ln-ob, m, g. 10 pilosum, E. p. J. 2f. st si, lg, as, rthis: 1 in fours, ov, sh-m, his sides. 11 circce'zans, O. w-y. J. 2f. st e. so: 1 in fours, ov, a so; mr n cil. 12 lanceolatum, E. p. Ju. 2f. st e, so: 1 in fours, In. a, so, 3-n, cil mr. 156 GALIUM, GERARDIA. 13 bermudianum, p. Ju. 2f. st brh, pu: 1 in fours, o, ot, g, with dotB. 14 borcale, w. Ju. 2f. ste, so, brh: brh sh, e: 1 in fours, ii-lu, ot,3-n. 15 latfolium, p. Ju. st e, so. 1 in fours, ov, a, sub-his on mr. S. 16 uuiflorum, p. J. 21. st so: 1 in fours, li, a, revolute. 17 hispid'ulum, w. M. 21. st pc, pu, brh: 1 in fours, In, dotted, sea. Gaulthe'ria. 10—1. 51. Dr. Gaulthier, Canada. \\ intergreen. 1 procumbens, O. w. J. 21. or b. st pc: brh e. 1 ob, a at base: f tew, no. 2 hispid'ula, w. M. b. st crp, his: 1 ov, a: fsl, ax, sub-ss. 8 s, sh-bell. 3 shallon, w. J. b. e. fru: 1 o, sub-cor: r 1-sided, bt: pd 2-bt; st 3-an. Gau'ra. 8—1. 88. Gr. gauros, pompous. Loosestrife. 1 biennis, r. & y. Au. ft. 1 In, to: sk crd: fru rd-4-cornered, pu, 2 villosa, r. her: st pn ab, na, g: 1 v, In, a, rt to, en: pt ab, ot. 3£ 3 parvifolia, 3. r. st g, pn ab: 1 li, hir, en: f sk: pt rd, sh claws. 4 angustfolia, w. Ju. 2f. 1 clustered, li, re: fru ol, 4-an, aat end. S. 5 coccinea, r. 0. 2f. pu: 1 ln-li: sk crd: pt lg as e: stg sub-en. 6 mollis, 1 In, en, clothed with softh. 7 linifolia, w. st e, brh, so: 1 so, ss, ln-li, en; sk tm, crd: ftu sh li bt. 8 sinuata, brh 1 with c-p h; 1 nm, li, sin: fig sk; fru 4-sided at apex. Geas'trum. 21—6. 1. Gr. ge, earth, and aster, star. Ground star. 1 quadrifidum, fru-covering-glo, stalked; orifice hoary, radiii ting: divin four arched. 2 i. 2 stellatum, volva, va spr; di eq hd, sph ss, orifice ac. 3 hygrometricum, volva my-cleft: brown fru covering reticulate uniform. Gelsem'inum. 5—2. 48. Jasmine. 1 sempervirens, y. March. 21. st twi, so g: 1 op, In, en ab, pale be. Genis'ta. 16—10. 93. Lat. genu, a knee. Dyer's broom. 1 tinctoria, y. Au. 2f. 1 In, g: brh t, striate, e, unarm: le g. 1 £ E. Gentia'na. 5—2. 46. Gentius, king-of Illyria. Gentian. 1 saponaria, O. b. w. S. 2[. stt, g: 1 ln-o, 3-n: f rs, fas, tm, ax. 2 ochrolcuca, O. y. & b. S. 21. st sub-an, g: 1 ln-o: f ss, fas, tm. 3 rubricaulis, st t, g, red: 1 ln-ol, 3-n, ot: ftm, fas, ss: co 5-cleft. 4 pneumonantha, b. Au. 2f. st t: 1 ln-li, ot: ftm, fas; It si, pd. 5 angustfolia, b. O. 2f. st si, 1-f: 1 li, wd, spr: cofun, with al di la. 6 linearis, b. Au. 2f. st sub-sea: 1 ]n-li, cil: f ss, in tm, crd fas. 7 quinqueflora, O. b. Au, ft. st 4-cornered, brh: 1 els, ov, a, 3-n. 8 crinita, fringed gentian. O. b. S. 2f. st t: brh lg, 1-f: lln, a: co 4-clf. 9 acuta, g y. st 4-an: 1 sub els, ol, a: f fas, tm, It; throat ofco cil. 10 lutea, yellow gentian, y. 1 br-o, n: co 5-cleft, wh, wr, 11 catesbaei, Oc. 1 nr-ln; di of c ln-li, twice as lg as tube: co e. Gera'nium. 15—10. 73. Gr. gerunos, a crane. Crow-foot. I maculatum, O. r. &b. J. 21. e: pu: st die: 1 op, 3 or 5-par, gh. 2 carolinianum, w. r. Ju. 2f. pu: 1 op, 5-lo: lo 3-cleft, gh: pd 2-£ 3 pusillum, b. M. 0. pd2-f: fpen, 5 abrfi: ptre, ofthe lg ofc. 4 disseclum, r. J. 0. h: 1 op, 5-par: lo 3-cleft, gh, In: pd 2-f, lg. 5 robertianum,0. r. J. ft. hir: 1 op, ter, q, 3-cleft, pnt: pd2-f: pt en, 6 columbinum,h. M. 2f. pd 2-f: lg 1: 1 5-par: lo my-cleft, li: pt em. 7 caespitosum, W. r. sub-e, brh ab: rad 1 ren; 5—7-cleft. 8 sanguineum, 2f. pd 1-f: 1 5-par, 3-cleft, or: cap brs at top. E. Gerar'dia. 13—2. 37. John Gerarde. False foxglove. 1 flava, O. y, Ju. 2f. pu: st si: 1 sub-ss, In, en to: lower sub-pnt, gh. 2 glauca, O. y. Ju. 2f. g: st g, pn: 1 pe, sin-pnt, a-ln di: up 1 In, en. 3 pedicularia, y. S. ft. pu, bt-pn: 1 ol, gh-sr, pnt: fax, op, pd. 2 f. gerardia, gnaphalium. 157 4 purpurea, p. Au. 0. stop brh: 1 li: fax, op, sub-ss: seg c sb. 12-18 i. 5 maritima, p. Ju. 0. Hi, sh, ot: f pd: up seg ofco cil: c tru. 6-12 i. 6 auriculata, p. Au. 0. si, rough: 1 ln-o, 2-eared at base, en: fax, op. 7 tenuifolia, p. Au. ft. 0? brh: 1 li, a, sea: pd ax, lg than f: te of c a. 8 setacea, p. S. 0. st brh: 1 se, g; f sea, tm ax: pd lg 1. 2 fi 9 aphylla, p. Ju. 0. st na, si, sml, op, o scales: colgpd. 3 £ S. 10 plukenetii, y. S. st brh. 1 se, g: fax tm: pd sh 1: teeth ofc se, sh. 11 fasciculata, p. S. 0. st e, brh: 1 op in threes, sm al, sea: pd sh 1. 12 filifolia, p. S. st t, brh: 1 fi: sm clustered, g, al; di ofc a to. 13 linifolia, p. S 2f. st t, virgate: 1 li, a, so: c tru. dt: co pu, v inside. 14 cuneifolia, brh; brh e: l'wd, In, uneq sr; up al: pd ax, lg 1: c 5-par. lbfrutieosa, p. J. Tp. brh: lln, sr at base, sub-pe: rtm: fop, bt. Ge'um. 11—13. 92. Gr. guio, to be proud. Avens. 1 strictum, O. y. 3. 21 • hir: 1 pnt: 1 o, to: sti gh; the 5 al di of c li. 2 virginianum, O. w. Ju. 2f. pu: rad and caul ter, up In: sti o, sub-en. 3 album, w. Ju. 2f. pu: rad 1 pnt; cau ter; up si, 3-cleft: lower sti gh. 4 rivale, O. p. M. 21,. pu: st si: rad lpnt; cau ones 3-cleft; f no; pt lg c. 5 calthifolium, y. 2f. st few-f: rad 1 pnt, lo a to; h: tm 1 lr rd-ren. 6 agrimonoides, w. 2f. hir: 1 pnt; lo sub-eq, uneq gh-sr; sti o, sub-en. 7 peckii, y. Ju. 2f. st few-f: rad 1 ren, rd, tru at base, gh-to: pe lg. 8 geniculatum, 21. my-f, sub-pn: cau 1 sub-ss, 3-par: sti en: pt wd-ab. 9 radiatum, y. hir: radical 1 pnt; tm lr, ren, n, dt; st lcls, gh: awns g. 10 ciliatum, y-p. Ju. 2f. pn: st si: 1 g, cil at mr; lower pnt, cau pnt. 11 anemonoides, Ju. 2f. g: st 1-f: 1 pnt; lwd, to at apex: awn v. 12 urbanum, 2f. f e, awns na; ste, brh, h: rad 1 pnt in fives; cau pal. up o, l-lo; sti lr, sub-or. 12—18 i. E. 13 triflorum, w. 21 pilose: st si, sub-3-f: rad lpnt; 1 wd, gh-to. S. Gille'nia. 11—5. 92. Gr. gelao, to laugh. Bowman root. 1 trifoliata, w. 3. 2f. 1 ter, In, sr, eq: sti li, en: ftm in pn: c bl-tubular. 2 stipulacea. w. 3. 2f. 1 ter, In, gh-sr, eq: sti 1, en: ftm in loose pn. Glau'cium. 12—1. 62. Gr. glaucos, sea green. Horn poppy. 1 luteum, y. Ju. 0. st g: cau 1 els, re: pd 1-f: siliq sea. Glaus. 5—1. 35. Gr. glaux, glaucous color. Milk-wort. I maritima, r. Ju. 2f. l-ol, so: fax, ss. 4—5i. Gle'choma. 13—1. 42. Gr. glukus, sweet. Gill over ground. 1 hederacea, b. &, r. M. 21- 1 ren, ere: st ro. Var. 1 cor. Gledits'chia. 20—6- 93. Dr. J. G. Gleditsch, a German. Honey- locust. 1 triacanthos, w. 3. Tp. pk brh: 1 ov, ol: le lg, cp. 2 brachycarpa, O. Ju. b. sp thick, sh, sub-ter: 1 ol, ot: le sh-ol. S. 3 monosperma, O. Ju. b. brh smsp: 1 o-ol, a, le ov, m, 1-seed. Glyce'ria. 3—2. 10. Gr. glukus, sweet. Waterfescue. 1 fluitans, Ju. 21- pn one-si, brh: sk li-t, 8—12-f; f ot, 7-n: 1 lg, flat. 2 brevifolia, 3. 2f. pn si, el: sk li-t, 4—12-f: f a, n: 1 sh, e. 18 i. Gly'cine. 16—10. 93- Gr. glukus, sweet. 1 striata, st twi: 1 ol, d: r lg of 1: le hir. S. 2 angulata, st an, an h: 1 ol-o, silky be: le li, cp, hir. Glycyrrhi'za. 16—10. 93. Gr. glukus, sweet, and rim, root. Li- quorice. 1 lepidola, w. Ju. 21. 1 ol, a, v: le r, ol, his. 3—5£ 2 officinalis, 21. lpnt, tm pe: cy. E. Gnapha'lium. 17—2. 55. Gr. gnaphalon, cotton. Life everlasting. 158 GNAPHALIUM, GYR0PH0RA. 1 margarita'ceum, O. y. & w. Ju. 2f. 1 li-ln, nr, a; st brh ab: cmb fs. 2 polyceph'alum, O. y-w. Ju. 0. 1 ln-li, a, g ab, d be; st pn, d: cmb tm. 3 decurrens, O. y-w. Ju. 0.1 In, br at base, a, de, sea ab, tom be. 4 plantagineum, O. w. Ap. 21- pc: st si: rad 1 spt, o, ob, n: cmb cp. 5 purpurcum, p. Ju. 21 • 1 li-spt, dbe: st e, si: f ss, glm, tm, ax. 6—12 i. 6 uliginosum, O. w. Ju. 0. st brh, spr: 1 ln-li, nr at ends, d. f tm.4-6i. 7 germanicum, y-w. Ju. 0. ste, die: 1 ln-li-a, tom: fin glo head, tm. 8 amcricanum, y-w. J. 0. her, e, brh: 1 ob-spt, pu be: fax, tm, ghnsk. 9 sylvaticum, Ju. 2f. st e, si, d: fin 1 sk, ax and tm: 1 lfl-li, d. 12 i. 10 alpinum, 21- st si: radl In: ftm, ss: inner scale ofc el, a. 4i. Gomphre'na. 5—1. 30. Gromphena, Pliny's name. Bachelor's button. 1 globosa, r. Au. 0. st e: 1 ln-o: hdsl: pel 2-1. E. Go'nolo'bus. 18—5. 47. Gr. gonia, angle, and lobos, a pod. False choak dog. 1 obliquus p. Ju. 2f. sthir: 1 hr-o, a: cmb ax: seg ofco, ac. 2 hirsutus, p. Ju. 21- pe hir: 1 ac, pu on sides: di ofco ov-ol, ot. 3 macrophyllus, y. Ju. 1 br, cor, ac:foilicles in: lo di. S. 4 prostratus, p. st prt, her: 1 ren cor, a, tom be. 5 virdiflorus, g. so, twi: 1 sub-ren-cor at base, ac, lg-pd: di ofco ol-li. Goodye ra. 18—1. 21. JohnGoodyer. Adder violet. 1 pubescens, O. y-w. Ju. 2[. 1 rad, o, pe, ve cl: scp she; scp and f pu. 1 repens, w. Ju. 21- rad 1 o, pe: scp she: scp f pu: f one sided: lip In- Gordo ma. 15—12. 70. James Gordon. Lolly bay. 1 lasianthus, Ju. w. b • 1 ln-ol, g, cr, f g, pd.' S. 2 pubescens, w. M. b • 1 wd-ln, pube: cap sph. Gossypium. 15—13. 74. Egyptian gottipium. Cotton. 1 herbaceum, Au. ft. 1 5-lo, m, gld be: st her, so. 5 £ E. Grati'ola. 2—1. 37. Lat. gratia, grace. Hedge hyssop. 1 caroliniensis, w. Ju. 2f. st so, sm brh, pc at base, 4-sidcd ab, t below. 2 virtrinica, w. & y. 2f • st pu, brh at base, t: 1 so, ss, In, ot, dt ab. 3 au'rea, O. y. Ju. 2f. so: st 4-an, crp base, brh: 1 ss, ln-ol, pte, dten. 4 anagalloidea, w-b. Ju. 21- sub-e, so: st 4-sided: 1 ol-ov; dt, sh £ 5 viscosa, w-p. Ap. 2f. st, viscid-pu, t: 1 so, ss, ln-o, a dt, 3-n. S. 6 quadridentata, w. Ju. 0. so: st t, pc, sm viscous: Iss, In, a, pte. 7 pilosa, w. Ju. 0. e, brh, h: st 4-sided: i ss, o, dt: c uneq. 8 missouriana, y. 3. 2f. e, t, si; 1 nr,ln, op, to at apex; pd lg 1. Grim'mia. 21—2. 4. Grimm, a German botanist. 1 apocarpa, st ram, 1 o-ac carinate, na at apex: cps ol, striate; sub-ss. 2 michauxii, caules: 1 In, tm in cap, rg point, pe tm, cps sh, o, so. Gymnocla'dus. 20—10. 93. Gr. gumnos, naked, andkladus, branch. 1 canadensis, w. J. b.l bipnt; 1 o, ac, pu. S. ^ Gymnopo'gon. 3—2. 10. Gr. gumnos, naked, and pogon, beard. ., 1 racemosum, Au. 2f. sk pn: f si, rt; exterior valve of co awned at smt. Gymnosty'les. 17—4. 55: Gr. gumnos, naked, and stulos, style. 1 stolonifera, E. M. 21- her, pc, scrp, g: 1 pnt: f ss at root. S. Gyro'mi a. 6—3. 12. Gr. guros, a whorl. Ind. cucumber. 1 virginica, O. y. g. 2f. 1 wr near middle of st, 3 in wr at top, ln-ov, ac Gyrophora. 21—2. 4. Gr. guros, a circle, and sphero, spherical. 1 pustulata, fr papulose* green, pitted be, so: na, pal, tawney rec flat: mr disk sub-eq: papillose. 2 i. 2 papulosa, fr rg, papulose, rec thick together: disk uniform, con glom. 3 veUa, fr so: un side, fi hir uniforn, cl tawney: rec ss, flat mr, folds concentric. habenaria, hedysarum. 159 Haben*:'ria. 18—1. 21. Lat. habena, a thong. Orchis. 1 cUiaris, O. y. Ju. 2f. lip ln-ol, pnt-cil, twice lg as pt. 1—2 £ 2 blephanglottis, w. J. 2f. lip In, cil, lg of up pt. spur lg gm. 18 i. 3 cnstata, y. 3. 21- lip ol, pnt-cil: pt rd, 2 It ones to: spur sh gm. 4 psycho'des, y. J. 2f. lip 3-par, di cap-my-cleft: ptot: spurfi, as lggm. 5 Integra, y. Ju. 2f. lip ol, en, lg than inner pt: spur lg gm, a point. 6 huronensis, g-w. Au. 21. lip In, ac, en: pt sb: spur lg pf lip. 1—2f. 7 ddatata, O. w. or g. J. 2f. spur sh gm: lip en, li, of lg of spur: bt of lg of f: st 1. 1—4 £ , Sfuscesccns, p-y. Ju. 21- lip o, to at base: pt spr: spursb, lg of gm. 9 herbwla, y. 3. 2f • lip ol, ot, to at base: 1-to: spur fi, sh gm. 1 £ 10 bracteata, g-w. M. 21. lip li, em, os 3-to: spur sh, sub-2-lo: bt twice as lg as f, l-like spr: ro pal. 6—10 i. 11 orbiculata, g-w. 3. 21- lip li, en, ot: Sup pt; up ot, 2 It spr, oblique at base: spur lggm: 1 2, rad, or, prt, g, shining. 12—18 i. 12 marcrophylla, A. g-y. J. 2f. lip In, en, ac: spur lg gm, t. 1 f. 13 fimbruita, O. p. Ju. 21- lips 3-par: di wd, cil, fringed: It pt o, to. 2£ 14 grandiflora, E. p. J. lip twice as lg pt, 3-par; di wd, fringed; middle lr: It pt fimbriate: spur as, lg gm: 1 ov ol. 2 f. 15 incisa, w-p. Ju. If. lip 3-par; di wd, gh-to, middle em: It pt Ot. 2-4 £ 16 fissa, p. Ju. 2f. lip 3-par; di wd, to, one 2-lo: spur fi, clavate, as. 17 quinqueseta, w. S. lip 3-par; Itsegse: inner pt 2-par; lower seg se, twice lg as pt; spur twice lg as gm: 1 ln-ov: bt ac. 2 £ S. 18 repens, y-g. Au. 2f- lip 3-par; It seg se: inner pt2-par; lowersegse, lg outer pt: horn lg as gm: 1 nr-ln: bt a. Hale'sia. 15—12. 71. Dr. S. Hales. Snow-diop tree. 1 tetraptera, O. w. Ap. b • 1 ln-ov, ac: co 4-cleft: f: fru eq 4-wi. S. 2 diptera, w. Ap. Tp. 1 ln-ov o, ac, sr: pt 4: f octan: fru cp, 2 lr wi. 3 parviflora, b. fru uneq 4-wi, clavate, sml: fsml. Hamame'lis. 4—2. 78. Gr. ama, accompanying, and melea, apple. Witch hazle. 1 virginica, O. y. Oc. b • 1 ob, a, to, cor, sml sinus. 5—15 f. 2 macrophyllu, Tp. 1 rd, cor, ot to: sea ptbe. S. Hamilto'nia. 20—5. 25. Dr. Hamilton, an American. Oil-nut. 1 olefera, A. g-y, 3. b-pu: 1 ol, en, ac: fintmr. Fsml. 4—6f. Hedeo'ma. 13—1. 42. Gr. edeos, eatable. Penny royal. 1 pulegioi'des, O. b. J. 0. pu: 1 ol sr: pd ax, wr. 6—8 i. 2 glabra, r-p. Au. 2f. so: st brh: rad 1 ov; cau ol-li, en: fax. 6—12 i. 3 hispida, Ju. 0. brh, pu: 1 li, a both ends, en, ve, at mr. 3—6i. S. 4 bracteolata, pu: stsi: 1 li, In, a each end, en: pd 3—5-f: bt se. He'dera. 5—1. 58. Hazdus; a kid. Iva. 1 helix, g-w. S. Tp. 1 3 or 5-lo; f ones o: ue. E. Hedyotis. 4—1. 57. Gr. edus, sweet, and ous (otos) the ear. 1 glomerata, w-g. M. 0. st: 1 In, pu, at base: f fas, ax tm. 2 lanceolata, g: st e 4-sided, an sm wi: 1 ss, In, a; sti In: cmb trichot, tm: co fun, s ex. S. Hedysarum. 16—10. 93. edus,. sweet, aroma, fragrance. Bush trefoil. 1 canadense, O. r. Ju. 2f. e, so: 1 ter, ln-ol: sti fi: f r: bt ln-o, ac, cil: jt of loment ot trian, his. 3 £ 2 canescens, r-b. Au. 21- e, pilose: st an, cil, his: Iter, rd, cph be: sti 0, ac: r pn: bt cor: jtof loment trian, his. 160 hedysarum, helianthus. 3 marilandicum, p. Ju. 21. e, brh, pilose: 1 ter, ol, v be: sti sb: r pn: loment 3-jt; rh, h. 4 ciliare, O. p. Au. 21- e, sub-pu: Iter, o, sh-pe, pu be, mr cil: sti fi: pn tm: jt of loment 2 or 3 half or, his, re. Var. 1 lg, g, sub-gl be. 2 f 5 viridiflorum, g. p. J. 2f- e: Iter, o, ol, sea up soft-v be: pn ter, lg, na: jt of loment trian. 3—4 £ 6 aikini, g. p. Au. 2f- e, brh, pu: 1 ter, o-ol deltoid, a-m, sea be: sti cuspidate: r pn, bt. 3 £ 7 obtusum, p. i.V g. Au. 2f. e, sub-pu: 1 ter, o, ot, sub-cor at base: stisb: pn tm: jt or, his. 1—2 fi 8 humfusum, p. Au. 21- st prt, sub-g: Iter; 1 o or ov, a, h: rel: jt loment rh, his. 9 rotundifolium, O. p. Au. 2f- prt, hir: 1 ter, or, pilose both sides: sti rd-cor, rx: rax, tm pn few-f: jt loment rh, sea. 2—3 £ 10 paniculatum, E. p. Ju. 2f. e: 1 ter, ln-li, so, mr: sti sb: pn tm: lo- ment his; jt trian. 2—3 £ 11 strictum, O. p. Ju. 2f. e, g, si: 1 li, net-ve: sti sb: r axtm: loment 2-jt; jt trian, his. 2—3 f. 12 laevigatum, p. Au. 21- so: st si, e, gl: 1 ter, Ig-pe; 1 o, a. 13 nudiflorum, p. Ju. 21- 1 ter, br-ov, ac, sub-gl be: scp pn, g, rad, st: jt of loment rd-trian. 1—2 f. 14 glutinosum, O. p. Ju. 2f. e, si: 1 lg-pe, ter, rd-o, ac: pn scp side of st: pd h: jtof loment ol-trian, g. 15 acuminatum, O. p. Ju. 2f. e, si, pu, lat summit: 1 ter, o, lg-ac, h both sides, cp, lg-pe; odd 1 rd-rh: pn lg-pd, tm. 1—2 £ 16 bracteo'sum, r. Au. 2f. e, g: 1 t, ol-ov, ac: sti sb: i tm, with sc f; bt o, ac, striate, g: jt of loment sub-ov. 3—5 £ 17 alpi'num, Var. A. p. 21. e: 1 pnt; 1 ov-ol, h: sti she: jt loment rd. 18 glabellum, p. Ju. 2f. e. g: 1 ter, o-ot, sub-gl be, sti sml, sb: pn tm; jt of loment rhomb-trian. 2 f. 19 pauciflorum, w. 2f. dec: st fi: 1 ter, lg-pe; 1 br-o, ac, pu-cil; tm one br-rh: stios: rtm, pd, sh than 1, few-f. 20 lineatum, 2f. st crp, striped green: 1 ter, rd, sub-ss: rig, sml sc f: jt of loment lenticular. S. 21 rigidum, p. Au. 2f. e, brh: 1 ol-o, ot, pu: pnbrh: bt ln-o, ac. 3£ 22 rhombifolium, p. S. 2f. pu: 1 ter, rh, ot, thick, reticulate, rg: pncom: bt sml: loment 1—3 jt; jt rd, ve. 2—3 £ 23 scaberrimum, p. Ju. 2f. e, sea: 1 ter, o, ta apex, a, pilose be: sti o, ac: pn tm: jt of loment sm trian, his. 3—4 f. Hele'nium. 17—2. 55. Helen, wife of Menelaus. False sunflower. 1 autumnale, y. Au. 2f- 1 In, sr, sub-de: st cmb ab: disk f 5-cleft. 3-5 f. 2 canaliculalum, 1 In, sr, sub-de: st si: disk f 5-cleft. 3 quadridentatum, O. Ju. 2f • 1 br-de; lower sub-pnt; up In. 3—4 £ Helian'thus. 17—3. 55. Gr. llion, the sun, and anthos, flower. 1 atrorubens, y. & p. Au. 2f. his: st na ab, lax-pn: lspt, o, ere, 3-n, sea ab. scales ofc ln-o, lg of disk. 3—4 £ 2 divaricatus, y. Au. 2f. st g, brh: 1 op, ss, ln-o, 3-n, sea ab. 5—6 f. 3 frondosus, y. Ju. 2f. st so be: 1 ln-o, rt a sr, sea ab, 3-n. 4—5 £ 4 trachelifolius, y. Au. 21- 1 sh-pe, ln-o, sr, ac, 3-n, sea ab, h be: scales of c In, a, cil, pu, sprat tips: rays nm. 2—4 £ 5 hispidulus, y. S. 21. stsca: 1 ss, ln-o, ta summit, sr, scaab. 3—4 £ 6 angustifolius, y. & p. O. 2f • st sea: 1 nr-ln, rev at mr, en, gl be. 3-5 £ HELIANTHUS, HEMIANTHUS. 161 7 mollis, y. Ju. 21- st so be, sea ab: 1 ln-o, a, sr, sea ab, pu be. 3—6f. 8 slrumosus y. 2f. 1 o, ac, sr 3-n, sea be: scales of c ln-li, cil at base. 9 altissimus, y. Au. 21. 1 al, ln-o, sr, sea, 3-n, cil pe. 4—8 f. 10 giganteus, y. S. 2f. 1 In, sea, al, 3-n, sub-ss, cil at base. 5—6 £ 11 decapetalus, O. y. Au. 2f • 1 o, ac, rt sr, 3-n, sea, pu be: scales c In, eq, cil: rays 10 or 12. 3—4 f. Wild sunflower. 12 muUiflorus, S. 2f. 1 3-n, sea: lower cor; up o: rays my-f: scales c In. 13 marcrophyllus, y. Au. 2f• 1 o, ac, 3-n, uneq-sr, sea ab, pu be: scales of c lg-li, spr, cil at base: ch pu ab. 14 petiolaris, y. p. Au. 1 al, o, a, en, lg-pe, sea: st e, brh: f lg-pd. 15 tuberosus, y. S. 21- 1 3-n, sea; h-o; up o; ac: pe cil. 4—8 i. E. 16 annuus, y. &. w. Ju. 2f. 1 all cor, 3-n: pd thicken: f no. 6—10 £ 17 pubescens, y. Au. 2f. pu: st v: 1 ss, hr-o, els, 3-n, ere, soft: scales c In, v. 2—3 £ S. 18 longfalius, O. y. S. 21. g: stpn: brh few-f, tru: 1 sub-ss, lg-ln, 3-n, en; sr: scales of" c o, a: outer li. 4—7 £ 19 squarsifolius, y. & p. Au. 21 • st sea: brh sub-g: 1 o, a to his. 4—5 £ 20 truncatus, y. S. 2f. st g: 1 o, sr, ta apex, h, sea, ss. 2 £ 21 tenuifolius, y. S. 2f. st so: 1 ln-o, ac, sr, sea both sides, lg pe. 4£ 22 spatulatus, y. S. 2f. st scaab: 1 spt-o, sub-ac, sr, sea ab, pu be: brh op: scales c In, his: ch ac, en. 4—6 f. 23 tricuspid, y. S. 2f. 1 ol, ln-o, sea sides: scales c br-sb, cil. 3—4 £ 24 diversifolius, y. S. 2-f. st sea: 1 ln-o, ac; up hr-o, m; sea ab. 3—5 £ 25 scaber'rimus, y. S. 2f. 1 In, sea both sides, en: scales of c o. 4—6 £ 26 tubaeformis, 0.1 cor, wd at base, v, 3-n: pd hollow. 27 laetiflorus, 2f. 1 op, o-ol, 3-n, sr: pd el: scales c In, e, cil: rays my-£ 28 pauciflorus, y.-l ln-li, ac, sr, so: st na. 4—5 £ 29 tomento'sus, y. S. 2f. st rg: 1 ln-o, ta summit, a, al: scales cl. 4-6 £ 30 aristatus, y. S. st e, rg: un 1 op, ss, In ov, a, to. 2—3 £ Heliop'sis. 17—2. 55. Gr. llion, the sun, and opsis face. Ox-eye. 1 laevis, O. Ju. 2f. st g: 1 op, o, sr, 3-n, so be. 3—5 f. Heliotro'pium. 5—1. 43. Gr. llion, the sun, and trope, a turning. Turnsole. 1 indicum, b. Ju. 0. 1 hr-o, a: sk si; frubifid. 8—12 i. S. 2 curassavicum, O. y. w. J. 0? 1 nr In, g, w ve: sk conj. 6—12 i. 3 europeum, w. 0. 1 o, en, tom: sk conj. Hellebo,rus. 12—13. 61. Gr. elein, to cause death, and bora, food. Hellebore. 1 foetidus, st my-f, 1: 1 rt sr, cr: co sm converging. Helo'nias. 6—3. 13. Gr. llos, a marsh. Blazing star. 1 latfolia, p. M. 2f. scp l-less: sk o, crd: bt ln-li: lln, m, n. 2 erythrosper'ma, w. g. 3. 21- scp 1: r ol: bt sh: 1 li, lg: seed o. 2 £ 3 angustfolia, 3. 2f. scp 1: 1 li, sb: r si, tm: eds ol at summit. 2 £ 4 dioica, w. J. 2f. scp 1: r sk no: pd sb, sub-bt: fi lg co: pt li. 1—2£ 5 dubia, 21. 1 lg nr: scp na: sk slender: fsml, ss. 2—3 £ S. Hemerocal'lis. 6—1. 14. Gr. emera, a day, and kallos, beauty. Day lily. 1 flava, y. Ju. 21-1 br-li, ke: pt flat, a; n ptundi. E. • 2fulva, y. Ju 2f. 1 li-ln: 3 pt ot; n of ptbrh, 3 £ Hemian'thus. 2—1. 47. Gr. emisus, half, and anthos, flower. 1 micrantha, w. Au. 0. g: 1 ss, o, ov ot, en, n: pd sh 1: c 5-cleft. 162 hepatica, hieracium. Hepat'ica. 12—13. 61. Gr. Ipar, the liver. Liver-leaf. 1 acutiloba, O. w. b. Ap. 2f. 1 cor, 3 to 5-lo; lo en, a; 1 c a. 5 i. 2 americana, O. w. & b. Ap- 21- 1 hr-ren, 3-lo; lo en, rd-ot: 1 c ot. 5 i. Herac'leum. 5—2. 60. Hercules. Cow parsnip. 1 lanatum, O. w. Ju. 2f. pe n 1 v be: 1 pe, br, rd-cor, sub-pal-lo: seed or. 2 spondilium, W. ft. 1 pnt: 1 5, ol, pnt, a, dt: co uniform. S. Herpes'tis. 13—2. 37. Gr. erpestes, any thing which creeps. 1 cuneifolia, b. Au. 21- g. 1 wd-ob, ere ab: pd lg 1: co 5-cleft. 2 rotundifolia, O. b. Au. pu: 1 ov, rd, my-n: pd op lg 1: co 4-cleft. S. 3 amplexicaulis, Au. st. Icor, els, en, ot: pd sh 1: co 4-cleft. 4 brownei, 1 ol, en: pd lgl: st declined. Hes'peris. 14—2. 63. Gr. Isperos, the evening. Rocket. 1 pinnatifida, 3. ft. I sr; up pnt: lg c. 1 £ 2 matronalis, 2f- st si, e: 1 ln-o, dt: pt em, m. 3 tristis, ft. st his; brh spr: lln-o; silique sab. E. Heteran'thera. 3—1. 17. Gr. eteros, different, and oner, anther. 1 renformis, g-w. Ju. 21- lrd-ren: spaol, ac, 2-3-f. 4—8 i. 2 ovalis, b. Ju. 2f. lo-ol: spa In, 1-f. S. Heuche'ra. 5—2. 84. J. H. Heucher. Alum root. 1 americana, r. Ju. 21- pu: scp &. 1 rough: lrd-lo, otm: pn die: c sh, ot: ptlnlgc: s'ex. 2—3 f. 2 pubescens, r. y. J. 2f. pu: sepg: 1 sub-a-lo, to, g be: pd pn sh. 2 £ 3 hispida, p. J. 2f- his sea: scp, pe 1 g be: 1 his-pilose; sh, sub-re, m: pd pn few-f: c sh, sub-a: pt spt lg c: s ex. 4 caulescens, w. 3. 2f. or b- scp at base, pe pilose: 1 g ab, pilose nbe. 5 bracteata, 2f. pu: scp r: 1 hr-or, gh-sr, to m: f bt; pt nr, lg c. 6 acerifolia, 2f- pe hir; 1 so, gl be, a 5-lo, uneq to—teeth m: scp so: pn el, lax-f: pt sh, s ex. 7 micrantha, 21-1 rd, cor, a ere, sub-5-lo: pe lg, sc h base st; cau 1 gh. 8 villosa, w. J. 2f. v: lalo, to: te a, s ex. Hibis'cus. 15—13. 74. Gr. ibiskos, mallows. Marsh mallows. 1 moscheutos, w. & p. Au. 21- 1 o, ac, sr, sub-3-lo, sub-5-n, d be. 4-6 £ 2 palustris, p. Au. 1 br ov, ot sr, snb-3-lo, 3-n, d be, ac: pd ax. 3—4 £ 3 militaris, w-r. Au. 21- g: 1 3-io, ac, sr: co cam: cps o, ac. 3—4 £ 4 virginicus, r. Au. 2f. d, rg: 1 ac, uneq to; cor, undi; up cor-ol, 3-lo; pdax, tmr: fno: puo. 2—4 £ & phamiceus, r. Ju. 2\. 1 o, ac, sr, ere, 3-cus: pd jt. 6—8 £ E. 6 syriacus, w. & p. Au. b- 1 wd-o, 3-lo, to: c 8 1, lg of inner. 5—10 £ 7 esculentis, y. Ju. 0. 1 hr-5-lo, ot, to: pe lg f: c 5-1, bursting lgh. 3 £ 8 trionum, 0. c my-1, inner inf: cps mem: 1 to, up 3-par. 6—18 i. 9 grandiflorus, O. r. Au. 2f. 1 lr, cr, trian-cor, 3-lo, torn both sides, hoary be: cps tom, sub-trun. 5—7 f. S. 10 incanus, y-w. S. 21- 1 o, ac, ot sr, tom both sides: pdax: c tom, eq. 11 coccineus, r. Au. 2f • g: 1 pal-5-par; di In h, ac, rt sr at apex. 4-8 f. 12 manihot, y. & p. Au. 2f. 1 pal-dig, 7-par: di li: pd his: ou c 1-1. 13 scaber, y. & p. Au. 2f. st sea: 1 cor, an; up pal: c his. 3 £ 14 caroUnianus, E. p. Au. 2f-1 cor, o, ac, so both sides, sm sub-3-lo. 3-6 £ Hiera'cium. 17—1. 53. Gr. ierax, a hawk. Hawkweed. 1 venosum, O. y. Ju. 2f • scp na, cmb-pn g: 1 In-ob h ab na be, mr cil, gld-to, ve cl c g. 1—2 £ 2 gronovu, O. y. Ju. 21- scp 1, na ab, cmb-pn: c pd gld-pilose: rad 1 ob In, cil, pu. Var. si 1-1: pn sm fs. 2—3.£ hieracium, houstonia. Igg 3 paniculatum, O. y. Ju. 2f. sm g: st e, 1 pn. wolly below. 2—4 £ 4 kalmii, y. Au. 2f. st e,my-f, so, d ab: 1 sub-ss, In, ac, to: pdax tm, d. 5 martanum, O. y. Ju. 2f. st e, v: 1 ov-ob, v on ke, lower sub-dt. 1—2 £ 6 pusillum, y. Ju. 21- sml v: st si, e, 1-f, sm 2-1: 1 rt In, ta, a, en. 7 molle, E. y. Au. 2f. st e, si, 1, cmb, few-f: 1 ln-ol, to below; rad pe. 8 virgatum, O. y. Ju. 2f. st e, si, v: 1 ss, In, a, g, be, re-to at mr, en apex: pn sub-cmb: c pd tom. Var. 1 sml, sea rg. 2— 3 £ 9 fasiculatum, y. Au. 2f. sm g: ste, 1, si, g: Iss, ol a, to; teeth el. 10 macropkyllum, y. 21- tall: st e, 1, his: 1 cor, half-cl, o-ol, rt to, na: n ve pu be: pn divaricate-cmb: pd el, na, g: eg. 11 scabrius'culum, y. st g, e, t, 1: 1 ln-o, ss, els, sub-dt, sea sm in mr, rg ab, gl pilose be: cso. 12 aurantiacum, y. 2f. scp 1, his: femb: pdglm: 1 ol,'a. his. E. 13 runcinatum, 3. hir: lrad, ov-ol, run: scp few-f, an: c gld-pilose. 1 £ S. Hierochlo'a. 3—2. 10. *Gr. teros, sacred, chloe, gieen herb. Seneca grass. 1 borealis, 2f. pn sub-spr: pd so: f unarm: va of co cil on mr. 18 i. 2 alpina, 3. 21- pno: sk cp, lg brh: glu In, n-less: It f trian. 6—8i. Hippo'phae. 20—8. 24. Gr. ippos, a horse, pliao, to destroy. Buck- thorn. 1 canadensis, Tp. 1 ol-o, g sc pu ab, stellate pu scaly be. 6—8 £ 2 argentea, Tp. 1 o, ot, gboth sides cov scales. 12—18 £ Hippu'ris. 1—1. 88. Gr. ippos, a horse, oura, tail. Mares tail. 1 vulgaris, y-g. M. 2f. 1 li, ln-li, in 6s, 8s, 9s. Hol'cus. 3—2. 10. Gr. olkos, with awns. Soft grass. 1 lanatus, 3. 21- pn eq: f sh c: sup re awn: rofi. 1—2 f. Holos'teum. 3—3. 82. Gr. olos, whole, osteon, a bone. 1 succulentum, 1 elliptic: pt sm 3-cleft, sh c. Ho'pea. 15—12. 71. Dr. John Hope. Sweet leaf. 1 tinctoria, y. Ap. Tp. 1 ln-ol, gl, pu be: f ss, ax, in clusters. S. 15—18 f. Hor'deum. 3—2. 10. Lat. for barley. Wild barley. 1 jubatum, 3. ft.\t fab, awns ofc co 6 times lg as f. 2 £ 2 vulgare, Ju. 0. fall per, awned, in 2 e rows. E. 3 distichon, J. 0. ltfimper, awnless: seeds an im. 4 pusillum, It f s, awnless, a: 4 inner scales of c cr, dilated; all sh awn: sea. 4—6 i. Dc. S. Horten'sia. 10—3. 58. hortus, a garden. Hydrangea. 1 speciosa, r. J. b. 1 br o, sr, ac: f cmb. E. Hosack'ia. 16—10. 93. Dr. David Hosack. 1 bicolor, y. w. g dc: 1 sub-op, 7 to 9, ol or ob; sti hr-o, ot: f u: bt 1-1. 2 decumbens, y. 2f. h, dc: 1 al, 4 or 5 wd-ov, a; sti a: f u; bt 1 to 3-1. 3 parviflora, e, g: 1 al, 4 to 6, ob-ol, gl be; sti os: pd 1-f; bt un f 3-1. 4 unifoliata, dc, hir, brh spr: 1 2 or 3, sub-ss, ov, a apex and base; sti os: pd I-f; bt un f 1-1, o. Hotto'nia. 5—1. 35. JohnHotton. Water violet. 1 inflata, w. 3. 2f. f wr, sh-pd; co sh c: scp sh, inf between jt: 1 al. Housto'nia. 4—1. 46. Dr. Wm. Houston. Venus' pride. 1 carulea, O. b. & w. M. 2f. st e, se, die: rad 1 spt; cau obln, op. 4-6i. 2 longifolia, p. Ju. 21-1 nr-ln, ta to each end: f cmb. 6—12 i. 3 purpurea, O. p. w. Ju. 2f • st e, brh ab, pu at jt: 1 ss, o, In ln-li. 4-8 i. 4 ciliolata, p. rad 1 o, ot, nr at base, cil at mr; cau o-spt, ss: cmb tm, pd: pd trie: di of c ln-li: st so, brh ab. 164 H0UST0N1A, HYDROLEA. 5 pubescens, 1 wd, a, pu; sub-pe, In; up sub-ov, ss: pn trie, tm. 6 serpyllifolia, O. b. M. 2f. prt, ces: 1 spt, ot: pd tm, 1-f, lg. S. 7 tenclta, A. b. 3. 2f. stcrp, fi:.lrd, a, n; pdtm, 1-f, lg. 8 rotundifolia, w. Ap. 21- crp: lo, rd, nr at base: pd ax, si, 1-f. 9 patens, p. March. 0. sml: st spr, die, sea an: fsl, tmax. 1—2 i. 10 tenuifolia, so: ste, brh: brh sub-trie: 1 nr-li: cmb tm, sub-fs. 6 i. 11 minima, b. March. 0? st e, si, sm sea: lop: spt-o, sub-ac, cil, sea bothsides: fpd, si, tm. 1—2 i. Hudso'ma. 12—1. 80. Wm. Hudson. False heath. 1 ericoides, y. J. b. lsb, hir; pd fi, si. 6 i. 2 tomentosa, y. Ju. hoary-tom; 1 o, im, shinterv st: f sub-ss: c ot. 3 montana, dc, so, ces: 1 lg, fi-sb, im: pdtm: c bl: cps v. 3—5 i. S. Hu'mulus. 20—5. 98. Lat humus, fresh earth. Hop. 1 lupulus, O. g-y. Au. 21- st twining sun: 1 lo. Hyacin'thus. 6—1. 16. Hyacinth, the favorite of Apollo. Hyacinth. 1 orientalis, r. Ap. 2f. co fun, half 6-cleft, ventricose at base. E. 2 muscari, b. Ap. 2f. co o, all eq. 3 botryoid.es, b. Ap. 2f. co glo: 1 cy fur. 4 comosus, p. co an-cy; up f ster, lg-pd, e. 5 racemosus, 2f. f o, at top ss: 1 lax, pnd, li carinate. Hyd'num. 21—6. 1. Gr. udnon, mushroon, puff-ball. 1 imbricatum, cps fleshy, flat, scaly, not banded: process ash-color: stipe sh. 1 i. 2 coralloides, brh white, becoming yellow: brh entangled, process 1- sided, sb. 1 i. , Hydran'gera. 10—2. 58. Gr. udor, water, and aggeion, a vessel. Hydrangea. 1 vulgaris, w. Au. b. 1 ol-o, ot at base, ac, to, g be: cym na. 5 £ 2 nivca, w. Ju. b. 1 hr-o, ac, sr, d be: cym radiate. 6—8£ 3 cordata, Ju. 2f. 1 br-o, sub-cor at base, ac, to, g be: cym rad. S. 4 quercfolia, w. r. Ju. b. 1 ol, sin-lo, to, tom be: cym rad. 4—5 £ Hydras'tis. 12—13. 61. Gr. udor, water. Orange root. 1 canadensis, w-r. Ap. 2f. st two op 1 ab: 1 pe, em at base, pal, sr, gh: pd tm, si, 1-f. Hy'drocha'ris. 20—9. 22. Gr. udor, water, cliaris, grace. 1 spongiosa, w. Au. 2f. 1 cor, re be, with vesicles at base. S. Hydrochlo'a. 19—6. 10. Gr. udor water, and chlol, grass., 1 fluitans, Ju. 2[. sml: stbrh: 1 li, flat: sk si, ax, se, 4-f: gluunawn. Hy'drocoty'le. 5—2. 60. Gr. udor, water, and kotule, a cavity. Navel wort. Penny-wort. 1 umbellata, g-w. M. 2f. 1 ere, base em: u pd, my-£ 2 americana, O. g-w. J. 2f. g: 1 2-cre: glm few-f, ss. 3 vulgaris, g-w. J. 2f. 1 or, ere: scp sk, few-f. 4 ranunculcides, 3. 21. 1 cor, sm5-lo, cre-dt: u capitate, 8-10-f. 5Xineata, r-w. Ju. 2f. g, crp: 1 ss: cu-li, trans n: u pd. 6 compqsita, w. Ap. rotu: st si, 2-1: lsub-ter; 1 my-cleft: u 3-5-f. 1 i. 7 repanda, r-w. Ju. 2f, 1 rd-cor: pe n pilose: hd 3-f, pd. S. 8 ambigua, w. rad 1 com st l-less, 2-3-u: u sm 3-f: pt In. Hydro'lea. 5—2. 44. Gr. udor, water, and el a" a, oil. 1 quudrivalvis, b. Ju. 21. sp pilose: 1 lg-ln: f ss, ax: cps g. S. 2 corymbosa, b. & y. Ju. 2f. w sp: sub-g: 1 In: c his. ftm. 2 £ 3 spinosa, 1 In, hir: f tm. HYDROPELTIS, HYPERICUM. 165 Hydropel'tis. 12—13. 61. Gr. udor, water, and peltl, a shield. Water shield. 1 porpurea, O. p. Au. 2f. 1 pel, ov, en: pd si, 1-f. Hydrophyl'lum. 5—1. 43. Gr. udor, water, and phullon, a leaf. Water leaf. 1 append iculatum, b. M. 2f. hir: rad 1 sub-pnt, cau lo-an: sin ofc app. 2 virginicum, b. 3. 2f. so: 1 pnt and pnt; di ln-ov, gh-sr. 9—18 i. 3 canadcnsc, p. w. Ju. 21. hir: 1 lo-an: fas f crd. 4 lincarc, Ap. 21. pilose: 1 li: r el. S. Hymenopap'pus. 17—1. 55. Gr. umln, a membrane, and pappus, seed-down. 1 scabiosaeous, w. Ap. 2f. 1 pnt; di li-ol, sub-dt: f cmb. 2—3 £ S. 2 teniiifolius, g-w. ft. v/hitish: st cmb-bih: 1 sub-bipnt; di nr-li, en: f com cmb: pd crd: c 6-1, sh f: seeds v. Hymenophyl'lum. 21—1. 5. Gr. umln, a membrane, and phullon, a leaf. 1 ciliatum, 2f. fr pnt: lower Hr; up sml, pnt; dili, ot, 2-cleft, cil, h ve. Hyoscy'amus. 5—1. 38. Gr. us (uos) a hog, and kuamos, a meas- ure. Henbane. Hog-bane. 1 niger, y. &p. Ju. ft. 1 els, sin: f ve, ss. Hype'ricum. 12—5. 68. Gr. upcricon, in Dioscorides. John's wort. 1 kalmianum, y. Ju. b- fru brh: brh 4-cornered: 1 ln-li: cmbtm, 3-7-f: di of c In, ot: cps lg as c. 3—5 £ 2 pyramidatum, O. y. Ju. 2f. ftm: styles sh s: 1 of c o, a: ol a, g. 3-6 £ 3 ascyroides, 21- or b. ftm: s eq slg: 1 cln-o: 1 ss, ol, a, g. 4 proliflcum, y. J. b. brh 2-edged: 1 ln-li, ot: cmb ax tm, few-f. 1—3 £ 5 galioides, y. Ju. b. brh 4-sided: 1 li, ss, re at mr, fs: pn tm, die: pts eq, lg li c: style sub-ex. 2 £ 6 perforation, O. y. J. 21. e, brh: st 2-edged: 1 ol, ot, pte: pn tm. 1-3 £ 7 corymbosum, y. Ju. 2f. e, g, pte: st t, brh: 1 els, ol-ov, ot: cmb tm, dense-f: di of c In, a. 18—24 i. 8 parviflorum, O. y. Ju. 2f- e; die ram, sm 4-sided: 1 o-ol, sub-cor, ot, n, ss: pn tm, dic-cmb: pt shine. 6—12 i. 9 canadense, y. Ju. 0. e, sml, few-f: st 4-sided, die ab: 1 ss. 9—18 i, 10 adpressum, y. Ju. 21- st e, 2-edged pa ofl, sub-cy ro: 1 op, c ss, ln-ot, pte; brh sub-li, crd; sml a. 11 petiolatum, y. Ju. 2f. 1 pe, ol-ov, rd-ot: fop, ax, sub-ss, sub-ter. 12 angulosum, y-r. Ju. 21. e: st 4-sided: l-ol, a, ss: pn tm, die: brh al f: c sub-cm; di In, a, ke below, lg co: pt It to. 2 f. 13 virginicum, O. p. Au. 21- f 9 or 12 s, arranged in 3 parcels, ne be- tween: 1 ov, ot, els: st cp. Var. 1 hr-o, em, pd ax, el. 1—2 fi - 14 micranthum, st t, pte: brh straight: 1 ol, ot, black-pte: f crd, tm. 15 ellipticum, st e, her, sub-ram ab, a 4-an: 1 ov, ot, pte: cmb sml, tm. 16 aspathaloides, y. b.brh sub-t, die: 1 fas, li a,striate: fsl, sub-ss. S. 17 fasciculatum, y. Ju. b. brh 4-an: 1 crd, sm clust fi, li, ot, ss: pd ax, near summit of brh, 1-3-f: c fi: style united. 1—2 £ 18 rosmarinifolium, O. y. Ju. b. st t, sman: 1 ln-li, a, ta at base, sm r: pn lg: pd near summit of brh, ax, 3-f. 2—4 f. 19 ambiguum, 3. Tp. brh cp, 1 ln-li, a, m: fax tm: 1 of c ln-li, uneq, lg co: pt to near summit: styles 3, united. 2—4 £ 20 amoenum, y. Ju. b. brh cp: 1 ov, gibe: fax, sub-sl: 1 of c o, a: pt lg than s. 2 £ 166 HYPERICUM, ILEX. 21 fastigiatum, 3. b. brh sm cp: lnr In, a: cmbtm, my-f, fs. 3 £ 22 nudiflorum, y. Au. b- brh wi: lol-o, ot, ss, pn tm, na, com: coir c. 23 glaucum, y. Ju. b. brh t: 1 ol, cor, els, ot, so, gl, cr: pn 1 die: di of c o, a, lg pt: stpteq: styles united. 24 frondosum, y. Ju. b. brh 2-edged: 1 ov-ol, ot, m, nr at base: ftm. 25 densiflorum, y. Ju. b. brh; 1 ln-li, ot, nr at base: pn tm, com die, sm 1, dense-f: fsl pd: di of c sh, o: s sh pt united styles. 2 £ 26 pilosum, Ju. pilose: st si: 1 o, a, ta at base: pn few-f. 27 simplex, y. Au. 0. e, woolly; st si, t: 1 ln-o, ss: pn tm few-f. 1-2 £ 28 acutfolium, y. st her? brh, g: 1 nr-ln, a, pn my-f: cps lg ca. 29 tubulosum, 1 ss: co tu: sab middle. 30 triplincrvc, y. Au. 2f. e, sm brh: st sm 2-edged: 1 li spr, 3-n: f r-pn: co iineq: a c pt gld-sr. 31 dolabriforme, y. Ju. 2f. e, brh: st 2-edged; 1 ln-li, spr, ot: cmb tm, die: c In, uneq: pt axe-form. 32 sphaerocarpum, y. 21- e, g: 1 ol: pn na, die: 1-f: styles united. 33 procumbens, y. prt, g: brh few-fat summit: 1 li, w n, spr: di c ln-ol. 34 micranthum, y. b. 2f. stt; pte; 1 ol, ot, pte, f crd, tm: c 1 en, sml ot: 35 cistifolium, 2f. st an: 1 o-ol, pte be, a, sm els, mr re: f die cmb. 36 virgatum, 2f • st quad ran: 1 ln-o, ols, pte, mr rev: pn few-f, die: c In, en: styles 2 or 3; stg capitate. 37 hedyotifolium, 21- st 4-an: Iss, In, sub-a, cp; pte be: cln-li, pte. 38 rostratum, 2f. st woody; 2-edged: 1 ss, o, a at ends, at mr re, pt. cmbaxtm: c 2 bt: gm 5-styles. Hypnum. 21—2. 4. Gr. upnon, moss. 1 sylvaticum, brhdi, 1 im, cp, spr at apex: ln-o, en: w-n lid sb. 2 denticulatum, st si, 1 im, cp, spr at apex: ln-o, en: n-less, lid conic. 3 riparium, st ram spr: 1 ln-o, ac, sr 1-n, spr: lid sb incurved. Hypopel'tis. 21—1. 5. Gr. upo, under, and pelte, a shield. 1 obtusa, Ju. 2f. fr 2-pnt, 1 ol, ot, up united bases; to ere. 4—5 i. Hypopi'thys. 10—1. 51. Gr. upo, under, andpitus, the pine. False beech-drops. Woolly birdnest. 1 lanuginosa, y-w. Ju. 21. scp sk-f: plant yel-white, woolly. 3-6 i. 2 europea, y. 3. 2f. scp sk-f: f scales on st g: It f octan. Hypox'is. 6—1. 17. Gr. upo, under, and oxus, sharp. Star-grass. 1 erecta, O. y. Ju. 2f. scp 2 or 3-f: 1 ln-li: di ofco ln-ol. 2 filfolia, Ap. 1 fi, sm an, h: scp 2-f. S. 3 juncea, 3. 2J. pilose: 1 fi, fur en: scp one-£ Hyp'tis. 13—1. 42. Gr. uptios, resupinate. 1 radiata, w. Au. 2f. hd off op: pd lg as internodes. 3-4 f. S. 2 capitatata, w. Ju. 2f. hd fop: pd lgas internodes: bt In, sh fru c. 3 spicata, sk tm; fin hd, pd, crd; 1 cor-o, dsr. Hysso'pus. 13—1. 42. Gr. ussopus, Hebrew ezob. Hyssop. 1 nepctoides, g-y. Ju. 2f. sta 4-an, sub-alate: 1 o, a dt; pe so. 4-8 £ 2 scrophularifolius, Ju. 21. st ot 4-an: 1 hr.o, ot dt; pe cil-pu. 3-5 f. 3 foeniculum, b. Ju. 0. e pu: 1 hr-o, to, gab, tom be: wr 6-f. 4 officinalis, Ju. 2f. f wr: r: di of co 2-lc, en: 1 ln-li. E. Ibe'ris. 14—1. 63. Ibe»ia, now Spain. Candytuft. 1 umbelldta, w. 3. 0. 1 In, ac; sr, up en. E. Ic'todes. 4—1. 7. Gr. iktis, a skunk. Skunk cabbage. 1 fcttida, O. p. Ap. 21. st-less: lrad, hr-o, lr: f-spadix sub-glo hd. I'lex. 4—4. 95. Hebrew elou, oak. Holly. ILEX, ISANTHUS. 167 1 opaca, g-w. M. b.lo, a, spi g, flat: fsc at base. 2 laxiflora, 3. b.lo, sin-to, spi, flat: pd super-ax, in young brhagg. S. 3 cassi'ne, 3. Tp. I ln-o, sr, flat, g be: It pd cmb-brh. 8— 12 f. 4 dako'on, w. M. b . 1 ln-ol, en, rx at mr, v on midrib be. 4-12 f. 5 laurifolia, 1 lr, elliptic, a, en: pd el, sub-3-f. 6 myrtifolia, 3. b. 1 ln-li, m, g: fer fsl. 6—10 f. 7 ligustrina, 3. Tp. 1 ln-li, wdat base, en: fer fsl. 6—10 £ Svomito'ria, M. Tp. 1 ov, ot at end, cre-cr, g: u It sub-ss. 6—15 £ 9 prinoides, Tp . 1 ln-ov, a at end, sr: pd one-f; fer si. 6—8 £ Ih.i'cium. 12—13. 75. Lat. illicio, to attract. 1 parviflorum, y. M. Tp. \ al, In, en, ot: pt 1 of c rd. 6—10 £ S. 2 floridanum, p. J. b • 1 ac: pt nm, ol li. Impa'tiens. 5—1. 73. Lat. in, not, and patior, to suffer. Touch- me-not. Jewel weed 2. Balsam weed 3. 1 pallida, O. y. Ju. 0. pd si, 2—4 f: ne ot conic, sh pt: spur re, sh. 2fulva, O. y. &r. Ju. 0. pdsl. 2—4-f: ne a conic, lg pt: 2—4£ 3 balsamina, r. «fc w. Au. 0. pd 1-fl In, up al: ne shf. 1-3 f. E. In'digofe'ra. 16—10. 93. Bearing indigo. Indigo. 1 tinctoria, b. lpnt, ol, g, in four pa; r sh 1: le t. E. 2 caroliniuna, b. Au. 2[. 1 pnt; 1 ov ob: sk lg 1: le 2-seeded, ve. S. I'nula. 17—2. 55. Gr. clenion, tears of Helen. Elecampane. 1 hele'nium, y. Au. 21- 1 els, o, rg, tom be: scales of c o. 3—5 £ Iom'dium. 5—1. 80. Gr. ion, violet, and eidos, like. 1 concolor, w-g. M. 2f. e; 1 br-ln, sub-en: sti sb, en: pd sh: pt em. 20i. Ipome'a. 5—1. 44. Gr. ips, vine, and omoios, like. Morning glory. 1 lacuno'sa, w. p. J. 0. g: 1 cor, ac, an at base: pd sh: co sh:, cap h. 2 nil, Jn. 0. hir: 1 cor, 3-lo: pd sh, 1—3-f: cv, lg ac. 3 quamo'clit, E. r. w. Au. 0. 1 pnt, li: f sub-si; co tubular. 4 coccinca, y-r. Ju. 0. pu: 1 cor ac, sub-an: pd 5-f: c awned. S. 5 dissccta, Ju. 2f- b ? st, pe, pd h: 1 g, 7-lo; di sin: pd 1-f: di ofc ov. 6 trichocarpa, p. Ju. 0. 1 en, cor, 3-lo, v: c cil: cap hir: pd 2-f. 7 bona'nox, w. Ju. 0. g: 1 cor, en, an: pd 1 to 3-f: c awned: co undi. 8 tamnifolia, b. Ju. 0. hir: 1 cor, ac: f hd, inv: bt li: co sh; spr: capg. 9 ciliosa, g: 1 cor, sub-cil at mr: pd lg, 1-f: c w bt: di br-ov, ot: c bl. 10 orbicularis, p. Ju. prt: lrd, em, ve, g: pd 3-f: tube ofco sh. 11 Carolina, b. 1 dg; 1 pe : pdl-fi Ire'sine. 20—5. 30. Gr. eiros, wool. 1 celosioides, 0. 1 pte, sea; lower ol, ac; up ln-o: pnbrh, crd. S. I'ris. 3—1. 13. Gr. iris, the rainbow. Blue flag: flower-de-luce. 1 versicolor, O. b. J. 2f. lsab: st a 1-side: cap ol, 3-sided otan. 2-3 £ 2 prismatica, b. y. J. 2f- f b-less: Hi: strd, my-f: gm trian. l-2£ 3 lacustris, b. 2f- b-less: 1 sh: scp sh 1, 1-f: pt sub-eq? cap 3-side. 4 sambucina, b. p. w. M. 2f. st my-f: di ofco em; outer flat. E. 5 pumila, b. M. 21- b: scp 1-f: 1 ensi, g: tube ofco ex: pt ol ot. 6-10i. 6 ochroleu'ca, y. M. b-less: 1 ensiform, striate: scp sub-t: gm6-corn'd. 7 cristata, b. y, Ap. 21- b: scp 1-f, lg as 1: gm 3-an: pt eq. 2-4 i. S. 8 tripe'tala, b. M. 2f- b-less: st t, lg 1: 1 ensi: in pt 3-to; middle toac. 9 cuprea, O. r-y. Ju. 2f. b-less: st t, fl, eq: lbr-ensiform: stg li, sh. 3£ 10 verna, b. M. 2f • b-less, st, one-f: 1 lg, gl: tube lg: pt eq: cap rd. ss. 11 sibirica, b. Ju. 2f. b-less; st hollow, t, sm 3-f: 1 li: cap sh-3-an. Isan'thus. 13—1. 42. Gr. isos, equal, and anthos. False pennyroyal. 1 cceruleus, O. b. Ju. 21- viscid-h: 1 ln-ov, a both ends, 3-n: pdi or 2 £ 168 ISATIS, j uncus. Isa'tis. 14—1. 63. Gr. isazd, to equal. Woad. 1 tinctoria, 3. ft. rad lcre; cau sagittate, ol. E. Isnar'da. 4-—1. 88. Danti d' Isnard. Water purslane. 1 palustris, O. g. J. 2f. prt, crp: 1 op, In, ta at base: cap ol. 2 alata, Ju. g: 1 wd In, de, st wi: cap cubic, ss. 2 £ S. 3 microcarpa, Au. 0? st dc, wi: 1 al, spt-ob: fax, ss. 1 £ 4 sphaerocaipa, Au. 21- st e, brh: 1 ln-li: cps sml, ss, glo, pu. 2£ 5 cylindrica, Au. 21. ste, brh, an: 1 In: cps cy. 6 lanceolata, Ju. 2f. st virgate: 1 nr, In, g, sub-de: cps cubic, ss, wi. Isoe'tes. 21—1. 5. Gr. isos, equal, and etos, year. Quill-wort. 1 lacustris, 21. fr im at base,, nr, sb above, flat: ro fib. From 2 to 12 i. I'tea. 5—1. 84. Gr. itca, willow, from, icnai, to grow. 1 virgiuica, w. J. b. 1 al, tn, ac, pu on ve. 3—6 £ I'va. 17—4. 55. Smell of ancient Iva. High—W. shrub. 1 frutescens, g. Au. b. 1 In, pte-sca, sr: glm off glo, sm shrubby. 3-4 £ 2 imbricata, Au. b. shrubby, g: 1 ln-li, wd, en, g: c im. S. 3 zanthifolia, Au. 0. 1 op, pe, hr-o, ac, 2-sr, v, hoary be: sk na, pn. 4 axillaris, y-g. M. 2f. her, sub-pilose, lop, ln-li, en: fax, si, no: 6-8 i. 5 ciliata, Ju. 0. her: 1 ln-o, sub-sr: sk sm crd: bt In, ac: 2 £ Ix'ia. 3—1. 34. Gr. icho, to fix. Blackberry lily. 1 chinensis, y. r. J. 2f. co6-pt: st fl: 1 ensiform. E. 2 coelestina, O. b. M. 2f. 1 li-sb, my sh 1-f sea. S. Jasmi'num. 2—1. 34. Arabian, ysman Jasmine. ifruticans, y. Tp. lai, ter. si: 1, wd, ot: brh an. E. 2 officinale, w. Tp. 1 pnt, op: lac. Ja'tropha, 19—15. 96. Gr. iatron, a remedy, and pliago, to eat. 1 stimulosa, w. Ju. 2f. his, prick: 1 pal-lo: lo ot, sub-sin-to. 6-18 i. S. Jefferso'nia. 8—1. 62. Thomas Jefferson. Twin-leaf. 1 diphylla, w. M. 2f. st-less: pd na, 1-f: 1 in pa. Ju'glans. 19—12. 94. Jovisglans, the acorn of Jupiter. Butter- nut. Walnut 2. Madera nut 3. Black walnut 1. 1 nigra^ O. M. b. 1 nm, ln-o, sr: sub-cor, nrab: pe un side of 1 sub-pu. 2 cinerea, O. M. Tp. 1 nm, In, sr, rd at base, soft-pu be: pe v: fru olo. 3 regia, M. b. 1 9, ov. g, sub-sr, sub-eq: fru glo: V. has9 or 10 1. E. Jun'cus. 6—I. 13. Lat. jungo, to join. Rush. Bulrush. 1 effusus, 3. 2f. sea striate, pnbrh: spr: 1 ofc In, ac, ob, ot cap. 2-3 f. 2 setaceus, 2f. sea fi: u 1, com, few-f: pd my-f: 1 of c sb. 2 fi 3 aculus, O. 2f. sea na, t: pn It; inv2-1, spi: cap rd, m 2 lg c. 2-3 f. 4 squarrosus, 2f. 1 se, pn tm, el, com: cps el. 5 tenuis, Ju. 2f. st e, fi, sm die at summit, t: 1 se: fsl, ap, sub-ss: 1 £ 6 nodosus, Ju. 2f. st sm 1: hd 2, glo; 1-lt pd; ss: 1 ofc m. 8—10 i. 7 marginatus, Au. 2f. 1 flat, so: cmb tm, si: hd 5—10-f: trian: 12-18 i. 8 trifidus, A. Ju. 21. she cil; at base of st l-less: bt 1. lg: hd 3-f, tm. 6i. 9 bulbosus, Au. 21- st si, 1, cp: 1 li-se: pntm, com, sub sh inv. 10 bufonius, Ju. 0. st die ab, pn: 1 fi-se: f sub-sl, ss, 1-sided. 3-6 i. II acuminatus, Au. 2f. st 1, e: 11, nodose: pn tm, com: hd 3—6 £ 18 i. 12 polycephalus, E. Au. 21- sti, e: 1 cp, nodose: pn dec. 18-24 i. 13 subverticilla'tus, 4 2f • cau 1 sb: pn cmb: hd 5-f, fas-wr. 18 i. 14 militaris, 1 one jt, cy, lg st: pn tm: hd5-f: 1 of c a. 2—3 £ 15 conglomerate, Ju. 2f. st na, straight: pn It, cap re: f trian. 16 repens, 3. 2f. crp: stbrh: 1 li, flat: faslttm: f trian. 6-10 i. S. 17 biflorus, 3. 2f • st t: 1 li, flat: pn dec, lg: fas 2-f: 3 f. JUNGERMANNIA, kyllinga. 169 Jungermannia. 21—3. 3. Jungermann, a German botanist. 1 platyphylla, st prt, bipnt: 1 2-ranked im rd ot sti, en, in 3. 3 i. 2 complanata, st brh, crp, 1 rd, en: ears sub-o, flat. Junip'erus. 20—15. 100. Lat. juvenis, young, and pario, to bring forth. Cedar—Juniper; 1. 1 communis, M. b.lin3, spr, m, Igber; brh prt. 2 virginiana, O. M. b 1 in threes: adnate bases: im, old, spr. 15-50 £ 3 sabina, M. b. 1 op, ot, gld in middle, im 4-ways, young op, a. 4 excelsa, M. b. 1 op, ot, gld in middle, im 4-ways; young a, in 3. S. 5 barbadensis, E. b. 1 all im four ways; younger o; older a. Jussije'a. 10—1. 88. B. Jussieu. 1 grandiflora, y. Ju. 2f. crp: st e, as: 1 In, en, pd and c v, 2-3 £ S. 2 erecta, y. Au. 2f. e, g: 1 In: foctan, ss. 3 subacaulis, y. 3. 21- crp, g: 1 ln-li, re-to: fsl, octan, pd: al fi sh. 4 leptocarpa, y. 0. e: st and c sm hir: 1 In: f ss: cps cy. 5 tenuifolia, 1 ss, li, g: f ss, octan. Justi'cia. 2—1. 36. James Justice. Malabar nut. 1 pedunculosa, Ju. b.skax: fcrd: pd el, al: lln. 2 adhatoda, p. b. 1 ln-o: brt o, n: co con. E. 3 humilis, Ju. 2f. sk ax and tm, few-f: f distant: bt li: I ln-ol. S. 4 brachiata, O. r. Ju. 2f. pdax in wr r. peinpa: brt ob. 3-f: 1 o a. Kal'mia. 10—1. 50. Dr. Kalm. Laurel. 1 latifolia, w. & r. Ju. b-1 lg-pe, sc, in threes, ov, so both sides. 3-20f. 2 angustfolia, O. J. b. 1 in threes, pe, ol, ot, sm rusty be. 2—3 £ 3 glauca, r. M. b. brh 2-edged: 1 op, sub-ss, ol so, gl be, mr rev. 18-24 i. 4 cuneata, w. r. b- 1 sc, ss, wd, ol. pu be, awned at apex: cmb It. S. 5 hirsuta,r. Ju. b. brh, land c hir: lopandal, sub-ss, In: pdax.l0-18i Ko'chia. 5—2. 29. Koch. 1 dentata, 3. 0. 1 In, sin-to: st e, brh. S. 2 dioica, 0. low: brh ax: 1 ss, en, ln-o, a, gl. 6—12i. Koele'ria. 3—2. 10. Kohler. 1 pennsylvanica, 3. 2f. 1 flat, the she soft-pu: pn ol, loose: c 2-f. 2 £ 2 truncata, J. 2_f. 1 flat, so: pn ol, r; c 2-f, abr floret, uneq. 2 £ 3 nitida, 0. sk el, lo; lo crd, apx: sk ol-o, so, awnless; low 2fi 8 i. S. 4 paniculata, pn ol, so: sk2—3-f, shining; glu awnless: va ofc uneq, 5 cristata, Ju. 2f • sk sm lax: sk diverg, 3—4-f, sm awned, sub cil on ke. Krame'ria. 4—1. 93. Kramer, father and son. ] lanceolata, y. b hoary-pu: 1 In, a, v, 2 lg 1. Kri'gia. 17—1. 53. David Krieg. Dwarf dandelion. 1 virginica, y. M. 0. sml: lly gl, so, cil: scp 1-f. el after f. 4-8i. 2 amplexicaulis, y. Ju. 2f. gl: rad 1 spt, In ov, to: scp sm 1 brh. 12-14 i, 3 caroliniana, Ap. y. 2f. 1 run, g: scp lg, base ofc gld-h. 6-12 i. S. 4 dandelion, y. 2f. g: gl: 1 ln-li, en, so: scp 1-f. 8—18 i. 5 montana, g, pre: lln, en: scp 1-f. Kuhn'ia. 17—1. 55. Adam Kuhn. False boneset. 1 eupatorioides, w. Au. 2f. g: 1 pe, br-ln, sr: cmb tm, few-f. 2-3 £ 2 critonia, y. Au. 2f. pu: 1 nr-ln, 2-to below, pe, pte be: up li en. 3 £ 3 glutinosa, w. S. pu: 1 In, ta summit, to, crd: f cmb-pn. 2 £ Kyi.lin'ga. 3—1. 9. Peter Kylling. False bogrusb. 1 monoceph'ala, 2f. culmfi, 3-sided, 1 base: hd glo, ss: inv 3-i, ig. 2 pumila, 3. 2f. hd glo, ss, si; inv sh, culm se: f dian. 3-6 i. g, 3 maculata, Ju. 21. c 1-1, im: c 2-valved; va uneq. 3—5 £ 170 lactuca, lechea. Lactu'ca. 17—1. 53. Lat. lac, milk. Lettuce. 1 elongata, O. y. J. ft. or 21. 1 so be, lower run, en, els. 3-6 £ 2 hirsuta, y. Au. 21. lower sti h: rad 1 ly; seg tru, sub-den; up run-pnt. 3 integrifolia, y. Ju. ft. 1 en, unarm, els, pale be, midrib so. 3-4 £ 4 sanguinca, r. Au. ftl 1 els. gl be, run, midrib fi: f pn. 2-3 £ 5 sativa, y. Ju. 0.1 rd; cau cor: st cmb. Var,. romana, has ol 1, nr at base. Var. crispa, has sin-ere 1, to; rad h on keel. E. 6 graminifolia, p. Ju. st e, si: 1 unarmed, undi, si at base, lg-li. 3 £ S. 7 sagittfolia, £. y? Au. st e, g: 1 ln-ol, a, en, g, pale be, c-ss. La'micm. 13—1. 42. Lat. lamium, from, Gr. lasmos, throat. Dead nettle. 1 amplexicaule, O. p. M. 0. fl-1 ss, els, ot rad lpe, sub-or. 6-10 i. 2 pjirpureum, p. 0. 1 cor, ot, to, pe, crd at top: st na down. 3 garga'nicum, 2f. 1 cor, con: co, tube sh. E. 4 hispidulum, w. sthis: 1 lg-pe, brd-cor, pu: ax 1-f. S. Lanta'na. 13—2. 41. Lat. lentus, flexible. 1 camara, y. Au. b. lop, ln-o, ere sr, sea: st rough, not prick. S. La'thyrus. 16—10. 93. Gr. lathuros, leguminous. Sweet and ever- lasting pea. 1 palustris, w-p. Ju. 2f. st wi: sti In: 1 6, ln-li, a: pd 3-f. 2 myrtfolius, r. Ju. 2f. st na, wi, 4-cornered: sti saggitate, pd 4 or 5-f. 3 venosus, p. Ju. 2f. st na, 4-cornered: sti o, ac 1 nm, sm ot, m, 5—40£ 4 maritimus, p. Ju. 2f. st com, 4-an: sti saggittate: 1 nm, sub-al ob, 7-f. 5 albidus, y-w. J. 2f. st 4-an, sm wi, gl: stilr, ln-o, a, ac. 12-18 i. 6 odoratus, 3. 0. pd 2-f: 2 o-ol 1: le hir. E. 7 latfalius, Au. 2f. pd my-f: tendril with 2-ln-o 1. 8 cly'menum, 0. pd 2-f: tendril my In 1: sti to. 9 articululus, Ju. 0. pd 1-f: tendril my al lnl: le jt. 10 sati'ms. 0. pd 1-f: tendrils with 2—4 1; le o, cp, with nr wi back. 11 pusillus, p. M. pd lg, 1-f: sti falcate, tendrils2-1, si: 1 ln-li: st wi. S. 12 decaphyllus, p. 2f. st 4-an: stili, 1 in 5-pa; 1 ov-ol, m: 3—4-f. Lau'rus. 9—I. 27. Lat. laurus, green. Camphor 4. Sassafras 3. Spice bush 2. 1 carolinensis, y. J. b- 1 In, cr, gibe: pd si, tm with few-f fas. 10-30f. 2 benzo'in, O. g. y. Ap. Tp. 1 wd-ob, sub-pu be: fin u. 4—10 £ 3 sas'safras, O. y. M. 1 en and lo on same plant: f die. 10—40 £ 4 cam'phora, Tp. 13-ri, ln-o: pn spr. E. 5 catesbf una, w. M. b • ln-o, 1 brh g: pn sh pd: diofcoot. 6-9 £ S. 6 aestivalis, 1 ve, ol, ac. rgbe: brh su ax. 7 melissaefolia, y. Ap. b- 1 hr-ln, ve, pu be: fin u: buds pd v. 2-3£ 8 geniculata, y. Ap. b. brh fl: 1 sml, ov, so: u tm, few-f. 10-15 £ 9 albida, Tp. buds and younger brh so gl: 1 en or lo, so,os ve be: pe lg. Lavan'dula. 13—1. 42. Lat. lava, to wash. Lavender. 1 spica, Au. 21- 1 ss, ln-li, mr rev: sk na. E. Lavate'ra. 15—13. 74. Lavater's; gay and tree mallows, 1 and 2. 1 thurin'giaca. 2f. lower 1 an; up 3-lo, middle lo lg: pd si. E. 2 aborea, S. ft. 1 7-an: pd crd. Leche'a. 3—3. 80. John Leche. Pin-weed. 1 major, g-p. 2f. e, hir: 1 ln-ol, m: pn 1; brh f tops: fin fas r. 1-2 £ 2 minor, g-p. Ju. 2f. so: 1 ln-li, a: pn 1: brh el, f on all parts. 8 L 3 racemulosa, Ju. 21. puc-p: Hi, a, cil: pnbrh, na: fsml, al, pd: ste. 4 Viymfolia, Ju. 2f. d c-p on all sides: 1 li, a: pn el, 1: brh sh: f It tm. LECHEA, LESPEDEZA. 171 5 tenuifolia, J. 2f. sm pilose: 1 nr: pn divaricate: pedicels el: st e. Lecon'tia.* 19—12. 7. Maj. Le Conte. Poison arum. 1 virginica, O g. J. 2f. st-less: 1 has, hr, a; lo ot: spa el. 12—18 i. Lecanora. 21—5. 2. Gr. lecane, a dish or bowl. 1 subfusca, crust cr, so,, uneq, white or gray mr, tu en, ere. 2 i. 2 albella, crust thin, leprous, polished, recss: white, uneven border. 3 atra, crust gran, grayish-white: disk of rec: blackmr, free, ere. l£i. Le'dum. 10—1. 50. Lat. Icedo, to hurt. Marsh tea. 1 palustre, w. M. b. 1 li, mr rev; d be: s 10, longer co. 2 latifoliurn, w r. J. b. 1 li-ol. at mr rev, d be: s 5, eq co. Leer'sia. 3—2. 10. John Daniel Leers. Cut grass. 1 virginica, Ju. 21 • pn si; brh: fmonan, cil on keel. 3-4 f. 2 orizoi'des, Au. 21- pn diffuse, she base: f trian, spr: ke of glu cil. 3-5£ 3 lenticularis, Ju. 2f. pn e: fir, rd, dian, im; keel n cil. 2—4 £ Lei'ophyl'lum. 10—1. 50. Gr. leios, smooth, and phullon, leaf Sand myrtle. 1 bux folium, w. Tp. 1 sml, ln-ov, en, g, revoluteat mr: cmbtm. 6-18 i. Lem'na. 19—2. 7. Gr. lenima, shell. Duck meat. 1 trisulca, O. 0. 1 thin, ln-ov, cau one end, sr at other: ro si. 2 minor, O. J. 0.1 o, cp: ro si. Varl elliptic, flat: ro si. 3 gibba, 0. lob, flat ab, hem be: ro si. 4 polyrrhiza, Ju. 0. 1 id ob, cp: ro nm, fas. Leon'todon. 17—1. 53. Gr. leon (leontos) lion, and odous, tooth. Dandelion. 1 tarax'acum, O. y. Ap. 2f. outer c rx: scp 1-f: irun, to di. 2 palustre, 2f. outer c scales sh, e, o: 1 sin-to, sm g. Leonu'rus. 13—1. 42. Gr. leon, lion, and oura, tail. Motherwort. 1 cardi'aca, w-r. Ju. 21. 1 3-lo, to, bases wd: c prickly, less co. 2-3 £ E. 2 marrubias'trum, r. Au. 1 ln-o, to: c sm prickly, lg co. 2—4 £ Lepid'ium. 14—1. 63. Gr. lepis, a scale. Peppergrass. 1 virginicum, O. w. J. ft. rad 1 pnt; cau ln-li, sm gh-sr: f4-pt, two s: sil lens-form. 12—18 i. 2 sati'vum, w. Ju. 0. 1 ol, my-cleft. E. Leptan'dra. 2—1. 37. Gr. leptos, slender, and anlr (andros) stamen. Culver's physic. 1 virginica, O. w. Au. 2f. sk tm, lg; 1 wr: st e. 3—8 £ Lep'topo'da. 17—3. 55. Gr. leptos, slender, and pous (podos) foot. I fimbriata, y. Ap. 2f. st pu, striate: 1 al, ln-li, half-cls, g, pte. 2£ S. 2 decurrens, y. Ap. 2f. st g: 1 ln-li, to, g, de: ch of egret torn. 12-18 i. Leptu'rus. 3—2. 10. Gr. leptos, slender, and oura, tail. 1 paniculatus, 3. 0. rac com, a trian; brh fl: sk sb cp, one-sided. 10 i. Lepu 'rope 'talon. 5—3. 84. Gr. lepuron, rind or peel, and petalon, a petal. 1 spathulatum, w. Ap. 0. g: st e prt, sm sue; sub-an: 1 al, ss. 1-2 i. S. Lespede'za. 16—10. 93. Lespedez. Bush clover. 1 capitata, O. w-p. J. 2f. 1 ter, ln-ol, ot, be: sti sb: rax, o, sh thanl: le h, sh c. 3—6 £ 2 angustfolia, w-p. S. 2f. 1 ol, ov In, hoary-pu be: r capitate, lg 1. 3-5 f} 3 stuvei, p. S. e, si: d: 1 ov: sk pd, lg 1: le na, pu. 2—3 £ *Rensselaeria, Beck. A forced name beneath thechaiacter to whom it was dedi- cated, or rather transferred 172 lesfedeza, ligusticum. 4 polystachia, w-r. Ju. 2f. e, brh, v: 1 rd-ov: sk ax, lg-pd. 2—4fi 5 sessiliflora, O. p. Ju. 2f. e: 1 ol: fas of f ss, nm: le na, a. 1—3 £ 6 violacea, O. p. Ju. 2f. 1 ov, ot: r u, lgas pe: fin pa: lerh, g. 1—2 £ 7 procumbcns, p. y. Ju. 2f. prt, pu: 1 ov: pd lg: f se sk: le na: c minute. 8 dveergens, p. Ju. 21. brh: 1 ol, ot, cp, h be: r lg pe: f in pa: le o, so. 1—2 £ 9 repens, p. Au. 21. 1 rd-ov, em: r ax: le re to: stcrp. 10 prostrata, 2f. prt, g: pesm sh; 1 ov ot; m, h be: r ax, set f, lg 1: c sh co: le o, sub-pu. 11 longifolia, 2f. st e, an, pu: pe sh: 1 ol, g ab, cpbe: r fas-cmb. S. 12 f?-utescens, 2f. e, v: pe sh; 1 ov, ot, sub-m, h be: r ss, sh 1: c sh co. 13 villosa, 2J.. e, brh, d: pe sub-el: 1 ov, ot: sk ax, 3 or 4 lg 1: c sh co. Leu'cas. 13—1. 42. Gr. leukos, white. 1 martinicensis, 1 en: wr my-f cap. S. Lewis'ia. 12—1. 86. Gen Merriwether Lewis. 1 rediviva, w. Ju. 2f. 1 rad, li, sm fleshy, ob: scp 1-2-f: cps ol. S. Lia'tris. 17—1. 55. Gr. liazo, to come forth. 1 squarrosa, r. Au. 2f. st si, h; 1 lg-li, n: mr little sea: r 1 few-f. 2-3 £ 2 scariosa, b. Au. 2f. stsi, sub-pu: 1 In, ta, g, sea mr: c r, al: scales spt. 3 spicata, r. Au. 2f. st si, tall: 1 li, g, cil at base, n, pte: sk lg: f ss: scales c li-ol, ot, cp. 2—4 f. 4 pilosa, p. S. 2f. st si, pu: 1 li, pilose, cil: hd r, lax: scales of c ol ot: pdbt. Var. ststriate: 1 lg-li: lower ln-li, pte, a, cil near base. 2-3£ 5 cilindracea, p. Au. 2f. hir: sk few-f: c s.ub-ss, cy, few-f. 1—2 £ 6 pycnostachjya, O. S. 2f. st si, hir: 1 nr-li, pu: sk lg: ss: c appressed squarrose at summit. 2—4 £ S. 7 graminifolia, p. S. 21. st si, g: 1 lg-li, g, n, mr sub-sea. 2—4 £ 8 heterophylla, S. 21. st si, g: 1 In, g, so; up ln-li, sml: hd sk, sh pd. 9 aspera, O. S. 2f. st sm brh, sca-pu: 1 ln-li, rough: hd sh, sk, al, si. 10 gracilis, p. S. 2f. st h, 1 li g, cil at base: hd r, 7-f. 2—3 £ 11 tenuifolia, p. S- st g: lower 1 crd, li, h at base; up se: r lg: pd 1: scales c ol, m. 2—4 £ 12 resinosa, p. g: Hi. crd: hd sk, ol, 4-5-f: scales ofcot. 2 £ 13 secunda, p. S. 21- st pu: 1 li, g, cil at base: r 1-sided. 2—3 £ 14 sphaerouiea, p. S. 2f. 1 so; lower br, In; up nr: f r, lr, si, al. 2—4 £ 15 elegans, O. p-r. Oc. 2f • st si, v: 1 ln-li, sub-sea be: r cy; f crd. 3—5 £ 16 pauciflora, 2f. stsi, g: Hi: pn virgate, 1; brh sh, few-f: c ss, 3-5-f: scales e, In, a, g. 17 paniculata, p. S. 2f. st si, h-viscid: 1 In, n, sub-g: pn. 1—2 £ 18 odoratissima, p. S. 2f. g: stsi: loin, n, to. 3—4 f. 19 tomentosa, p. S. 2f. st si wd-ln 1 hir: cmb few-f, brh few-f. 2 £ 20 beUidfotia, p. 2f. sub-g: lwd-obln: cmb uneq: fall sm lg-pd: scales of c ol-ov, ot. 8—12 i. 21 wal'teri, p. S. 2f. st si, h: 1 In, a, g, pte, ta at base: c my-f. 2 £ 22 oppositfolia, 21? pu: lln, op, n: st brh cmb-pn: c cy o, sml. 23fruticosa, p. b. g: st; brh cmb: 1 wd-ob, pte: c sub-5-f; di ac. Ligus'ticum. 5—2. 60. Gr. ligustikon, Liguria. 1 scoticum, w. Ju. 2f. cau 1 biter: up tri; It 1 uneq tm rh: u e: inv li. 12 i. 2 actaeifolium, Ju. 2f. 1 biter: 1 ov, eq to: par inv se: fru ol-ov. 3 £ 3 levisticum, w. 2f. 1 lg, nm; 1 ab gh. E. Ligus'trum. 2—1. 34. Lat. ligo, to bind. I vulgare, w. 3. b. 1 In, a: pn com. LIL1UM, LITHOSPERMJTM. 173 Lil'ium. 6—1. 14. Gr. leirion, lily. 1 philadelphicum, O. r. y. J. 2f. 1 wr, ln-li: co e, bl, spr: pt In. 1—3 £ 2 canadense, O. y. r. Ju. 2f. 1 rt wr, In: pd tm, el, in threes. 2—3 £ 3 superbum, y. p. Ju. 2f. 1 ln-li, 3-n, g: lower wr; up sc. 3—6 £ 4 catesbaei, y. r. J. 2f. 1 sc, ln-li: st 1-f co e:. pt lg claws. 1—2 £ 5 pennsylvanicum, 3. r. y. Ju. 2f. lsc, ln-li; up wr, eqf: st 1-f. 6 candidum, w. 3. 2f. 1 In, sc, ta base: co bl, g within. E. 7 bulbferum, y. 3. 2f. lsc, 3-n: cocm, e, sea inside. 8 pudicum, y. 2f. lsc, ln-li: st 1 f: co bl, no: pt e, ss, spt-ob, ot, flat. S. 9 umbellatum, r. Ju. 2f- 1 sc, li, sh. a: up wr: f 1-5, tm, e; pt In, spr. 10 carolinianum, y. r. Au. 2f. 1 wr sc, wd-ln: f few, 1-3, tm. 2£ Lim'netis. 3—1. 10. Gr. limnes, a pool or marsh. 1 cynosuroides, Au. 2f- sk nm, 10-40, pd, pn, spr: 1 br, flat, c sh awn on glu: style 2-cleft at summit. 4—9 f. 2 juncea, Ju. 21.. 1 2-ranked, spr, sk few, pd: pd so: co ot. 18 i. 3 glabra, Au. 2f.le: sk al, ss, e: co so onke: style cleft. 3—5 £. Limosel'la. 13—2. 37. Lat. Umus, slime or mud. 1 subulata, b-w. Au. 21-Hi, nr, dilated apex: scp 1-f, lg asl. 1 i. Linder'nia. 2—1. 37. Francis Balthazar Von Lindern. 1 attenuata, b. Au. 0. 1 In ob, nr at base: pd sh 1, e. 2 dilatata, b. Au. 0. 1 dilatedbase, els, rtto: pd lg 1. 3 monticola, 2f. stdic: rad 1 spt; cau li, sml rt: pd lg. 4—6 i. 4 grandiflora, 2f. 1 rd, en, n-fss, half-cls: pd lg, ax tm: st crp. S. 5 refracta, b. J. 2f. st e, brh, g: rad 1 spt-ov; up sb: fsl, ax tm. 8—12 L Lin'naea. 4—1. 58. Linneus, the great Swedish Botanist. 1 borealis, w-r. J. 2f. st prt: brh e, 2-f: 1 rd ere. Li'num. 5—5. 82. Gr. linon, flax, from lineo, to hold. 1 virginianum, O. y. Ju. 0. 1 of c a: pn tm: f rt al: 1 ln-li, sc. 1__21 2 peren'ne, b. Ju. 21. di of c o, ac: pt wd, rd at apex: 1 sc, ln-li, m. 3 rig'idum, y. di ofc o, ac, 3-n, cil: pt ol, nr: 1 e, li, sh. 6 i. 4 usitatissimum, b. Ju. 0. 1 of c o, a, 3-n: pt ere: 1 In, al; st sub-sl. E. Liquidam'bar. 19—13. 99. Lat. liquidum, fluid, andambar, fragrant. 1 sty'raciflu'a, M. b • 1 pal, ac lo, sr, v at ve be. Li'rioden'dron. 12—13. 75. Gr. leirion, lily, and dendron, tree. 1 tu'lipfe'ra. y. r. J. b. 1 tru at end, 2 side lo. 90—150 £ Lisian'thus. 5—1. 46. Gr. lis, smooth, and anthos, flower. 1 glauc falius, y. sther, t: 1 ol-o, ss, gl, a, 3-n: ftm, cmb. Liste'ra. 18—1. 21. Martin Lister. Lily orchis. 1 convallaroides, g-p. M. 2f. st with 2 rd cor, a, op h sk few-f: lip ol ot 2-lo: 2-lo: gm sub-glo: ro fi. 4—6 i. 2 cordata, g-p. M. 21- st with op, rd-cor 1: r loose: lip el, 2-to at base, bifid: seg sub-div, a. 4—8i. 3 pubescens, g-w. J. 2f. Had, o, a: scp l-less, pu, lax-f: fpd: lip2-lo. S. Li'thosper'mum. 5—1. 43. Gr. lithos, stone, and sperma, seed. 1 arvense, O. w. M. 0. st e, brh: 1 ln-li, a, ve, h: c lg as co. 8—15 i. 2 officinah, y. M. 2f. ste, brh: lln, a, n, sea ab, hbe: c lgtubeco. 2£ 3 maritimum, b. Ju. 21. so: st prt, brh: 1 ov spt: c twice lgc. 4 denticulatum, p, J. 2f. st e: 1 n, sub-g, a; mrsca, to; rad ones o; cau ol: di of c dtmr. 6—12 i. 5 latfolium, y Ju. 2f. seed o, pte: fru c spr, co: 1 o-ol, n. 6 angustifolium, w. Ju. 0. seed o, pte: fit: 1 li, cp: st prt. S. 7 apulum,0.j. Ju. 0. m: sktm, 1-sded: bthi: lln-li-a. 174 lobelia, lupinus. Lobe'lia. 5—1. 52. M. de Lobel. 2 cardinal flower. 1 dortmanna, b. Ju. 2f. radl li, re, en: scp si, r, sm na: f rt, pd. 2 cardinalis, O. r. Ju. 2f- e, si, pu: 1 ln-o, ac: r sm my-f: s lg co. 1—2£ 3 siphilitka, b. Ju. 2f. st, si, hir, shh: 1 ln-o, sub-sr: r 1: c hir. 18-24 i. 4 infla'ta, O. b. Jn. ft. e, brh, hir: 1 o, sr: r 1: cps inf. 12—18 i. 5 kalmii, O. b. Ju. 0. e, sub-si: rad 1 spt: cau li, to: fr, al, rt, pd. Var. sea st: pd sh f; seg of c lg cps. 6—24 i. 6 claytoniana, O. b. Ju. 2f. e, si, sub-pu: 1 ol, ot; rad en; cau dte ab; r, bt sb. 18—24 i. 7 puberula, b. Ju. 2f. e, si, pu: 1 ol-ov, re: f sk, al, sub-ss: gm his. 2£ 8 aphylla, 2f. sml: stfi, sub-si, scaly: pd rt el. 4—6 i. S. 9 amoe'na, b. Ju. 2f. e, g, pu, 1 br-ln, sr: sk my-f, 1-sided. 2—3 £ 10 glandulosa, b. S. 2f. st e: 1 ln-li, sm fleshy, dte: f r. 1—2£ 11 fulgens, r. Ju. 2f. e, si, sub-pu. 1 lg-ln, sub-en: r my-f. 2—4£ 12 michauxii, p. Ju. 0. g, brh ab: 1 pc, o, cre-dte; lowest rd: r lax. Lo'lium. 3—2. 10. Lat. lolium; loloa, Celtic. 1 perenne, E. M. 2f. fig c, unarm, li-ol, cp. 18 i. 2 temulentum, Ju. 0. f she, lg as brs: culm sea ab. 2 £ Loni'ce'ra. 5—1. 58. Adam Lonicer. Rough woodbine. 1 hirsu'ta, y. 3. Tp. co h: fi b: 1 hir, ac: lower ob: up con, (o, ov, ob.) f wr sk, lr: 1 cil, all h. 20—30 £ 2 flava, y. J. b. sk wr hd: co sub-ringent, di ol, ot: 1 o, gl be, 3 parviflora, O. r-y. J. b • sk wr hd: co ringent at base: fi b: 1 gl be. 4 grata, r. y. J. b. sk wr: colg tube: 1 ob, sub-m, net-ve paler be. 5 sempervirens, r. y. M. b. sk na wr: co sub-eq; tube ventricose ab: lo ob, gibe; up connate-perfoliate: 1 peren. 6 douglasii, Tp. brh cli: 1 ov, a ends, pe g, cil, d, up connate: f hd-sk, 7 caprifolium, b. co ringent, tm: sslperattop. E. 8 periclymenum, 3. b. f ino, im, tm hd: 1 distinct. 9 ciliosum, y. J. b. sk wr, apx hd, sub-ss: co sub-eq: tube hir: Ism els, ss pe, o, gl be; mr cil; up per. S. Ludwig'ia. 4—1. 88. Prof. Ludwig. 1 alternifolia, O. y. Ju. 2f. e, brh, sub-g: 1 al, In, hoary be: pd ax, 1-f: cps 4-sided: di ofc lr, cl. 1—3 £ 2 pilosa, y. Ju. 2f. brh, hir: 1 al, ol, ss, hir both sides: pd 1-f, ax. 2 £ 3 uniflora, st straight, si: 1 al, In, a, g: ftm: pt lg c. A mollis, Au. 2f. v: st e, brh: lln; cps glo, 2-1. S. 5 capitata, y. Au. 21. st e, virgate: 1 ln-li, g: fin tm hd: bt lg c. 6 pedunculosa, y. J. 2f. st prt: 1 op, In: pd 1-f, lgl. 3—6 i. 7 linearis, y. Au. 2f. st e, brh, an near summit: 1 al, li, g, sub-sr. 2 £ 8 decurrens, y. Au. 0.e, brh, g: 1 al, ln-ov, de: f octan. 2 f. 9 natans, y. Ju. crp: 1 op, In-spt: fax, ss: pt lgc. Luna'ria. 14—1. 63. Lat. luna, moon-form. 1 annua, p. ft. 1 otto: silicles ov, otboth ends. E. 2 rediviva, b-p. 2f. 1 m teeth: silicles ta both ends. Lopinas'ter. 16—10. 93. Lupine-like. 1 macrocephalus, y. p. M. 2f. 1 9, obln: pe lg: sti wd, gh-3-to: te of c fi, plumose. S. Lupi'nus. 16—10. 93. Lat. lupus, a wolf. 1 perennis, O. b. r. y. M. 2f. st 1 so: 1 digitate, 8 to 10 1, obln, ot: fal, c: banner em, ke en. 12—18 i. 2 decumbens, p. sub-dc: f pd, sm wr, bt: chir; ke en: 1 ln-ol. WTPINCS, LYCOPODIUM. 175 3 albus, wi Au. 0. c not appendaged, al: en, ke 3-to. E. 4 hirsutus, b. 0. c ap, al: banner 2-par: ke 3-to. 5 pilosus, r. w. 0. c wr: banner 2-par; ke en. 6 luteus, y. 0. c wr: banner 2-par; ke 3-to. 7 villosus, w. r. p. J. 2f. v; 1 si ol: c al in lg sk: banner 2-cleft. S. 8 diffusus, Ap. 21. v: st nm; dc: 1 si, ol, ob: pe sti sh, na. 9 nootkatensis, Ju. 2f. st 1 hir: 1 digitate; 17-8 In, ot: c wr: banner em. 10 sericeus, r. p. Ju. 2f. st & 1 tom: I digitate; 1 7-8, In, a: c sm wr: ban- ner gh: ke en. 11 argenteus, y-w. Ju. 21, 1 digitate; 15-7, ln-li, a, g ab, silk be: c al. 12 pusillus, b. J. 0 or ft. sml: ldg 1, wd ol, g ab: c al: banner 2-par: ke en: le 2-seeded. 4—6 i. Luzula. 6—1. 13. Luzule. 1 pilosa, O. M. 21- Hi: pn sub: pd 1-f, rx: 1 ofc ac, sh ot cps. 6 i. 2 campestris, O. M. 2f. 1 h: sk ss &pd: lof c ac, lg ot cps. 1 £ 3 melanocarpa, Ju. culm 1: 1 sub In, so: pn cap, loose: f pd. 4 spicata, Ap. 1 nr, h at throat; sk no, com: 1 of c ac-awned, lg as rd cps. 8 i. Lych'nis. 10—5. 82. Gr. luchnos, a lamp. 1 apetala, 2f. c inf; co she: st l:f. 2 alpina, r. 2f. g: fin dense u hd: pt 2-cleft: styles 4. 3 chalcedonica, r. J. 2f. f fas, level-top, or convex. E. 4 viscaria, 2f. st viscous: pt en: cps 5-celled. 5 flos-cuculi, 2f. pt torn; cps 1-celled, rd. Ly'cium. 4—1. 38. Gr. Lukion, Lycia. 1 bar'barum, r. y. J. b. stan: brhe: lln, ta both ends: c 3-clef. E- 2 carolinianum, p. Ju. Tp. unarm: 1 clustered, nr-wd, fleshy: f 4-cleft tetran. 3—5 £ S. Lycopo'dium. 21—1. 5. Gr. lukos, wolf, andpous (podos) the.foot. 1 claxatum, O. g. Ju. st crp: brh as: 1 sc, incur-brs, sr: sk in pa, pd, cy: scales o, ac, dt. 2 complanatum, g-y. Ju. 21- crp, e: brhal, die: 1 connate, spr. 3 carolinianum, Ju. 21. st crp: 1 sm 2-rank, spr, In: pd e, si, el, 1- sk: bt sub-In. 4 sabinaefolium, Ju. 2f.ste, die: 1 In, a, pointing 4-ways: pd si, 1-sk. 5 dendroideum, g. Ju. 2f. e: brh e: 1 in six eq rows: sk si, nm. 6 obscurum, Ju. 2f. e: brh spr: 1 in 6 uneq rows: ski or few, si. 7 annotinum, Ju. 2f. stcrp: brh twice 2-par, spr: 1 pointing five ways, ln-li, m, spr. 8 inundatum, Ju. 21. stcrp, sub-ram; brh si, si, e, 1-sk at top: sk 1. 9 alopecuroides, Ju. 21. st crp, sub-ram: brh si, lg as, 1-sk at top: 1 li-sb, cil-to at base, spr: sk 1. 10 salaginoides, Ju. 2f. st crp: brh si, as: 1 sc, In, spr, cil-to: sk si. 11 rupestre, E. Ju. 2f. st crp, brh: brh sub-di, as: 1 sc, ln-li, cil, h at apex: sk si tm. 12 albidulum, Au. 21.1 o, a, dte, al, cp: sk tm, lg, 4-sided. 13 apodum, Ju. 21. 1 rd-o, a, flat, dte al: st brh, ro near base: sk tm. 14 lucid'ulum, moon-fru pine. M. y. 2f. st with lg brh: 1 spr, ln-li, sr. 15 selago, 1 sc, en, In, awnless, in 8 eqrows: st die, e, fs. 16 tristachyum, Ju. 21. ste: brh al, die, sub-com: 1 In, a, pointing 4-ways: pd si, el, 3-sk: sk t: scales rd-ac. S. 176 LYCOPSIS, MAGNOLIA. Lycop'sis. 5—1. 43. Gr. lukos, wolf, and ops, the eye. 1 arvensis, b. Ju. 0. his: lln, re-to: r in pa: fss. 2 virginica, w. J. 0. sml his: lower 1 spt; up li-ol, en; r si: f pd, Lyco'pus. 2—1. 42. Gr. lukos, wolf, and pons, foot. 1 europaus, w. Ju. 2f. lower 1 gh; up In, sr: c ac-sp. 1—3 £ 2 virginicus, w. 3. 2f. 1 br-ln, sr, base nr en: csh, sp. 2 f. 3 uniflorus, w. 3. 21- 1 In, sub-sr, g: sg prt: low plant, fsl. 4 obtusfolius, 21- lln, rtot sr. Lycoper'don. 21—6. 1. Gr. lukos, wolk, perdo, explosion. Wolf- puff-ball. 1 bovista, lr obconic, soft be: scales br indistinct, black, sph. 3 i. 2 pratense, white, soft, hem, sub-ss: so with sc warts. 2i. Lygo'dium. 21—1. 5. Gr. lugodes, flexible. 1 palmatum, E. g-y. Au. 21. st climb: 1 pal, 5-lo; di In, ot: sk tm, com pn. 3—4 £ Lysima'chia. 5—1. 35. Lysimachus. 1 stricta, O. y. Ju. 2f. r tm, lg, lax: 1 op, in threes, In, ss: pt In. 1-2 £ 2 thyrsifloru, O. y. J. 21- st si so: Iss, In, op, a, r It, lg pd. 12-18i. 3 quadrifolia, O. y. J. 2f. pu: 1 sub-ss, ov, ac, pte, wr, in op pa, ax, 1-f pd: di ofco ov, en. 12—18i. 4 ciliata, O. y. J. 2f. sub-pu: lop, lg-pe. sub-cor-ov; pe cil. 2—4 £ 5 hybrida, E. y. J. 2f- g: 1 op, pe, In, a atenps: pe cil: fno: co she. 6 revoluta, y. 3. 2f. so: st 4-sided, si: 1 li, ss, ta both ends; mr rev: pd si: di c In, a: seg rd-ov, ac 6—18 i. 7 quadriflora, 2[. brh: stso: Iss, op, lg li: pdin4, sub-tm, 1-f. 2—3£ 8 herbemon'ti, 2f. ftm: up sc: 1 ln-o, ss, 3-n. 2 £ S. 9 lanceolata, 2f. g, e, si: 1 in fours, sub-pe, In, ac: pd in fours, my-f: up fr: di of coo, a. 10 hcterophylla, Ju. 2f. ste, g, brh: lrd; up li, ss: fax, no. 12—18 i. 11 anguslijolia, y. 2f. g, brh: 1 op wr, lg-li, pte: r tm, sh: diofco ol. Ly'thrum. 11—1. 91. Gr. luthron, blood. 1 salicaria, p. Ju. 2f. pu: 1 op in threes, ss, In, cor at base: ftm, wr- sk: cps ol: s 12. 2 £ 2 verticillalum, O. p. Au. 2f. pu: 1 op, or in threes, In, pe: fax, sm in wr: fru glo: s 10. 2 £ 3 hyssop folium, w. p. 2f. 1 al op, ln-li sub-ov: fsl, ax. 6—10 i. 4 virgatum, p. Ju. 21 • 1 op, In, g: stpn: fax, in threes, pd. s. 12. S. 5 alatum. O. p. Ju. 2f. g: st wi: 1 opal, ss, sub-cor, o-ol: fax. 2—3f. 6 lineare, w. Ju. 21- g, pn: 1 li, sm op. 3—4 £ Macbri'dea. 13—1. 42. Dr. Win. Macbride. 1 pulchra, p. & w. Au. 2f. st e, si: 1 op, In, a, sr, pte, cil, g be, smh ab; up ss; lower attenuated at base as if pe. 12—18 i. S. Maclu'ra. 20—4. 98. Wm. Maclure. 1 aurantiaciu, b- 1 pe, ov, ac, en, sub-m, so shining ab: pe n hir, pu be: fru ax, sub-ss. 20—30 f. S. Macro'trys. 12—1. 61. Gr. makros, large, and botrus, raceme. 1 racemosa, w. Ju. 2f. 1 dec; 1 ol-o, gh-to: rin sk: cps o. 3—9 £ 2 foetidu, Ju. 2f. 1 dec; 1 o, gh-to; te a: r pn, no: styles 5: cps o. Magno'lia. 12—13. 75. Peter Magnol. 1 glauca, w. 3. Tp. 1 ov, gl be: pt ob, ta to base. 2 acuminata, b-y. J. b. 1 ov, ac, pu be: ptob, ot. 70 £ 3 tripctali, w. J. b. 1 lr, wd-ob, a; in young state silky: pt 9, ov, a: rx. 25—35 £ MAGNOLIA, MATRICARIA. 177 4 grandiflora, O. w. M. b. 1 ov leathery: pt br-ob, nr claw. 80 £ S. 5 macrophylla, O. w. J. b. brh fragile: 1 lr, ol, sub-cu-ob, sin, gibe: pt6o, ot. 30—35 £ 6 cordata, y. M. b. 1 br-ov or ln-o, sub-cor, sub-tom be. 20—40. 7 aunculata, y-w. M.Tp.l lr, ln-ob, a, gl be, cor at base; lo apx. 30-40 £ 8 pyramidata, Ap. Tp. 1 rh-obov, a, sub-cor at base: pt In, a. Mal'achoden'dron. 5—5. 70. Gr. malakl, soft, and dendron, tree. 1 ovatum, w. M. b. 1 o, a: fsl, sub-ss. 6—12 £ S. Malax'is. 18—1. 21. Gr. malakia, softness. I liliifolui, w. y. p. J. 21- 1 2, ln-o ov: scp 3-cornered: pt fi, rx, 2-cl: lip ob, m. 4—8 i. 2 longifolia, y-g. 3. 21- bu rd: scp2-1: 1 br-ln, lg scp: skol. 3-7 i. 3 loeselii, y. 1 two, ln-o: scp 3-cornered: lip o, re at apex. 4 Mal'ope. 15—13. 74. 1 malacoidcs, y. 0. 1 ol, ot, en, ere, g ab: pd si, ax. 12—18 i. S. Mal'va. 15—13. 74. Gr. malakl, soft. 1 americana, y. 3. 0. 1 o, a, to, sea: fax, si, tm, hd-sk. 2 rotundifolia, O. r. w. J. 21- 1 hr-or, os 5-lo: pd bearing fru pnd: st prt. 3 munroana, r. her, d: 1 rd-cor, sm 5-lo, to: inv se: pd tm pn. 4 rivularis, r. st her, h: 1 sea, cor, 5 to 7 cleft; lo a: pd tm ax, 6 to 8-f. 5 hederacea, r. 21- st sh, pre: pd ax, 1-f: pt h. 6 sylvestris, r-b. J. ft. and 2f. st e: 1 7-lo, a: pd pe h. E. 7 crispa, Au. 0. ste: 1 an, fax, glm. 8 moschata, 21- st e: rad 1 ren, gh; cau 5-par, pnt, my-cleft: 1 ofc li. 9 virgata, r. 2f. b- 1 3-lo, to, wd at base: pd pa, lgpe. 10 abutiloides, p. Ju. 2f • 1 5 an lo tm: pd 2-cleft, 4-f, ax: cap my-seed. S- 11 caroliniana, r. Au. 0. 1 5-lo or pal, gh-to: pdlgpe: pt en: fru v: 12 triloba, b. 1 ol, ot 3-lo, to, tom: pdax, lgpe. 13 coccinea, r. Au. 2f. all over tom, h: 1 3—5-cleft; di gh, a: r tm. 14 triangulata, p. Ju. hir, sub-dc: lower 1 trian-cor; up 3-5-lo. 12-18 i. Manisu'ris. 3—2. 10. manis, lizard, and oura, tail. 1 granulans, 0? c of glo fer f: st e, brh: she hir. 2-3 £ S. Mapa'nia. 3—1. 9. Gr. mapaino, emaciated. 1 sylvatica, Ju. 21. culm at base covered im In 1 or scales. S. Marchantia. 21—3. 3. Marchant, a French botantist. 1 polymorpha, O, g-y. Ju. 21 rec radiate s pd, 'fr cr; lo n, cov ve. 2 i. 2 hemispherica, p rec hem, en; 4 sided: di of cot, frsml, ere be, red ab. 3 conica, p rec conic-o, an: ss, fr lg crp, sin. 2 i. 4 crinita, sml: mr of fr cl ere, lo rd, p rec sub-glo, 5-lo, fi lg, mr purple. Maris'cus. 3—1. 9. Celtic mar, a marsh. 2 retrofractus, Ju. 2f. u si; lays lg: sk ob, im: sk sb, at length re. 18 i. 3 echinatus, Ju. 2f. u si; rays sh: sk glo: f spr. 6—18 i. 4 cylindricus, Ju. st ot 3-an, g: u si; hd cy: skin, sub-cp. 2—3 £ S. Marru'bium. 13—1. 42. Maria urbs, in Italy. 1 vulgare, O. w. Ju. 2f. 1 rd-o, to, ve: c to, se, uncinate. Marshal'lia. 17—I. 55. Humphrey Marshall. 1 lanceolata, p. M. 2f. st si, na smmit, 1 below: rad 1 ob: cau lg-ln: 2 latfolia, 2f. st si: 1 ln-ol, ac, 3-n; lowest she: scales ofc a: ch re li. 3 angustfolia, p. Ju. 2f. stbrh: 1 nr-ln; up li: scales ofc sb: ch li. 2£ Marty'nia. 13—2. 40. John Martyn. 1 proboscid'ea. w. p. y. Ju. 0. st brh: 1 al, cor, en, v. 1—2 £ Matrica'ria. 17—2. 55. Lat. matrix. 178 MATRICARIA, MENZIES1A. 1 diamomilla, w. M. 0. 1 bipnt: scales ofc ot. E. Meconop'sis. 12—62. Gr, mekon, a poppy, and opsis, appearance. 1 diphylla, 21- st with twin 1 near summit: 1 ss, lo pnt: pd si. l-£ 2 petiolatum, y. 3. 2f. st 4-sided: 1 br, lg, pe, pnt-lo; lo 5-7. 12-18i. S. Medica'go. 16—10. 93. Gr. medike, Medes. 1 lupulina, O. y. J. 0. sk ov: le ren, 1-seed: sti en: 1 ob: st pc. 2 intertexta, y. Au. pd sm 2-f: le ov: pk pu, se, 2-rank, ap: sti cil-to. E. 3 sativa, Ju. 2f. pdr: le so: sti en: 1 ol, to. 4 tribuloides, 0. pd 2-f: le cy, flat both sides, ac, coni 2-ways, rx. 5 scutellata, Ju. 0. pd2-f: le unarm, coch or form, convex base flattop. Me'lampy'rum. 13—2. 36. Gr. melas, black, culm brh, die ab; brh fas: 1 nm, so, In. 13 nitidum, Ju. 2f. culm si, e, so: she b at throat: 1 few, rt, br li. 14 agrostoides, Au. 21- culm cp, so, e: 1 lg: pn It tm, py, spr. 2—3 £ 15 virgatum, Au. 21- all so: pn lr: f ac: va abr f eq. 3—4 £ 16 anceps, Au. 2f. culm cp: she pilose: pn si brh: sk sub-r, ac. 3 £ 17 rectum, Ju. pn si, sh tml: brh si, fl: sk al, pd, ob: glu striate, a. 18 verruco'sum, Au. 21. culm dc, brh, so: 1 so: pn spr, few-f. 18 i. 19 prolif erum, S. 0. sulm geniculate at base, so; pn tm, ax. 2—4 £ 20 capilla're, culm si: she h: pn lr, cps expanding, sk lg pd. 1—2 £ 21 longfolium, S. 2f. so: culm cp, e, si: 1 lg, nr: pn si, el: skac. 2£ 22 nodiflorum, Ju. pn sml, It, tm: glu o, pu: 1 nr> sh, b at throat. 23 ciliatum,3. 2f- stdc: pn few-f, expanding: 1 sh, In, she g, cil. 8—15 i 24 pauciflorum, 3. 21- pn expanding, few-f: fir: 1 nr-ln, cil base. 12-18 i. 25 fus'co-ru'bens, Au. r li, virgate: glu cl: hundiofpn. S. 26 striatum, pn ol: glu lr, g, green, striate. 27 diffusum, Ju. pn si, cap, expanding: f rt, a: st si: 1 lg-li, throat v. 28 gibbum, Ju. 0? r my-f, ap, sk: vs of c n: f caducous. 29 molle, Au. 2f. sk pn, al, expanding, one-sided: sk apx, pd. 4—6 £ 30 gym'nocar'pon, Au. 2f. sk pn: skin2 rows, few-f. 2—4 f. 31 hians, Au. 0? st g, dc: pn r: va ofc sub-eq, expanding. 10—15 i. 32 amarum, Oc. 0? g: 1 gl: pn ap: glu ac. 2—3£ 33 scabriusculum, st e, lr, under surface ofl sea: pn lr, py: fa, g. 2—3 f 34 multiflorum, 3. 2f. st e, si, g: 1 br-ln, h at base: pn brh. 24—30 i. 35 ovale, pu: pn diffused: fol, ov, h: 1 ln-o, sub-cor. 1—2 £ 36 lanuginosum, 2f. pu: pn diffused, sm cap: f ov, sml: 1 nrln. 1—2f 37 viscidum, 3. 2f. d, glutinous: st be each jt marked so ring. 2—4 £ 38 villosuui, 2f. v: ste sm brh; pn few-f: fob: 1 e, flat. 1—2 £ 39 sphae'rocarpum, Ap. 2f. 1 ln-li, a, base and she cil: pn spr. 12—18 i 40 ensifolium, 2f. sml, g: 1 ln-o, a, spr: pnsml. few-f. 12—18 i. 41 barbulatum, 21. pn com, spr: 1 ln-o, sub-ac: jt of st b. 42 melicarium, st weak: 1 nr: pn contracted: glu mem, In, eq. 43 angustifolium, pn few-f, spr: lsc, ln-li, gbe, cil. 1—3 £ 44 diver gens, Au. 2f. st assurgent: pn diffuse: fsml, si, lg pd. 1 £ 45 laxiflorum, 0. pn spr, lax, pilose: glu sc, ot, pu. 46 microcarpum, pneap, brh, expanding: f ov, g: 1 ln-li, g. Papa'ver. 12—1. 62. Celtic papa, pap, to induce sleep. Poppy. 1 nudicaule, y. ft. cps his: scp 1-f, na, his: 1 sub-pnt; 1 In; lower gh. 2 rheas, r. J. 0. cps g, sub-glo: st my-f, pilose, h spr: 1 gh-pnt. E. 3 somniferum, opium poppy. J. 0. c and cps g: 1 els, gh, gl. Parieta'ria. 19—4. 98. Lat. paries, (tis) a wall. Pellitory. 1 pennsylvauica, 3. 0. 1 ln-ol, ve, with opake ptr: inv 3-1, lg £ 12-15 i. 2 floridana, 1 o, rd, ot, opake dotted: fig as inv: st as. 12-18 i. S. Parme'lia. 2l—5. 2. Gr. parme, shield, and eileo, to enclose. 1 lierbacea, fr or, memgrn ab, be brown: d, lo waved and cut seg rd, ere rec red; mr rg and ere. li i. 2 saxatilis, fr or, gray rg pitted be: black, seg im, sin sub-re, rec ches- nut-brown: mr sub-cre. 2\ i. Paknas'sia. 5—4. 84. Mt.1,Parnassus. Flowering plantain. 1 americana, w. y. p. Ju. 21. 1 rad, hr or, 5 to 9-n: ne five. 6—18 i. 2 palustris, w-y. Ju. scales nm, brs: 1 all cor; cau es. PARNASSIA, PELARGONIUM. 187 3 pawifiora, slender brs scales 5: rad 1 o, ta into pe; cau li-ol, ss. 4 caroliniana, scales 3, brs: 1 br-o or ov; cau ss. 5 kotzebuii, scales 3, brs: rad and cau 1 hr-o: pt sm 3-n, sh c. 6 firnbriata, scales br wd, ere, in ke: rad 1 lg-pe, ear-k, cau cor ss, in ab. 7 asarfolia, Au. 21. rad 1 ren: pt clawed. S. Parthe'nium. 17—4. 55. Gr. pathenos, a virgin. 1 integrifolium, w. 21- 1 ol, uneq to: up els. 1—2 £ Pas'palum. 3—2. 10. Gr. paspalos, millet. 1 cdiatfolium, S. 2f. culmdc: 1 h, cil: she h: sk 1-2, lax, 3-row. 18 i. 2 setaccum, 21- culme: 1 and she v: sk sub-sl: fin2-rows. 1—2£ 3 laeve, S. 2f. e, so: 1 sh: sk nm, (3—6) al: f2-rowed, so. 2 £ 4 stolonferum, sk el r, sm wr, spr: f sr-cil, rg: 1 sh, sub-cor. 2 £ 5 debde, st weak: 1 and st h: sk one: f al, 1-rowed. S. 6 floridanum, Au. st e: lowei 1 v; up sea, pilose; she lg: sk few. 3-4£ 7 plicat'ulum, g: ste: 1 lg, nr: sk nm, al, e: f in 3-rows; flat va plait. 8 prae'cox, Ju. ste: 1 ln-li, g: sk nm, al: rachis nr, h at base: f 3 row. 9 purpurascens, Au. st e: 1 lg, h throat: sk nm, v at base: fin 4 rows. 10 distichum, Ju. 2f. stcrp: lsh, sub-gl: sk 2, ss: glu In. 11 vaginatum,3\i. g: stcrp, brh: Hi: sk 2, tm, she by tml. 12—18 i. Passiflo'ra. 15—5. 97. Lat. flos passionis t passion-flower. Passion flower. 1 lutea, y. S. 2f. Icor, 3-p, ot, g: pe gl: pdax, in pa: pt nr c. 2 incarnata, w. p. Ju. 2f. 1 3-lo, sr; lo ol, a: pe two glands: inv 3-1. 3 cctrulea, b. Ju. b. 1 pal, 5-par, en: pe gld: crown sh co. E. 4 ala'ta, Oc. b. 1 ol o, en, ve: pe 4 gld: sli In, sub-sr: inv3-1: st 4. 5 peltata, Tp. 1 pel, 3-lo, g; lo ln-li: pe 2 gld: pd si, ax: pt 0. S. 6 warei, 2f. lower 1 3-lo, a: up undi, o: pe with 2 gld: pd in pa. 4-6 i. Pastina'ca. 5—2. 60. Lat. pasco, to feed. Parsnip. 1 sativa, y. Au. b • 1 si pnt: 1 g. sub-pu. E. Pec'tis. 17—2. 55. Lat. pecten, a comb. 1 angustifolius, y. 0. st brh ot base, diffuse: 1 nr-li, m. 1—2 i. Peiicula'ris. 13—2. 36. Lat.pediculus, a louse. Louse-wort. 1 canadensis, O. y-p. p-w. M. 2f. st si: 1 pnt, gh-to: hd 1 base. 6--12i. 2 gladiata, y-p. J. 2f • st si: 1 In, pnt, to: sk 1, al f: cps lg ex. 1—2£ 3 pallida, y. Ju. 2f. st brh, tall: 1 sub-op, In, ere, to: sk l-less. 2—3£ 4 resupinata, p. Ju. 2f. stsi, g: 1 In, to, ere: c bifid-tru: up lip ofco a. 5 hirsuta, r. 2f- st si: 1 pnt; 1 In, ot to: c hir, 5-cleft: up lip ofco ot. 6 euphrasioides, y. 2f. st brh, pu: 1 pnt, to: c tubular, 2-parted. 6-8 i. 7 recuti'ta, p. Ju. 2f. st si: 1 pnt; di In, pnt-to: skcp, 1; eg, 5-to. 8 elata; p. Ju. 2f. st si: 1 pnt; di ln-li, ere: sk lax, sm 1: eg, 5-to. 2£ 9 lapponica, y. Ju. 2f. st si: 1 pnt: di sr: c 2-cleft, ol: up lip ofco tru. 10 groenlandica, p. Ju. 2f- st si: lpnt; di In, ac, sr: eg, 5-to; co close. 11 verticilla'ta, p. 2f. st si: caul pnt, in fours: di li, a to. 2 i. 12 flam1 mea, y. r. 2f. stsi. 1 pnt; 1 im, o, ot, to. c 5-to: up lip cot. 3f Pelargo'nium. 15—7. 73. Gr. pdargos, a stork. Geranium. 1 triste, u si: 1 h, pnt: 1 bipnt; di ol, a. E. 2 daucifolium, carrot geranium. 21- scp si: 1 thrice pnt, hir: 1 ln-li. 3 odoratissimum, b. pd sub-5 f: 1 rd-cor, soft. 4 zonule, b. u my-f: 1 hr-or, os Is, to, with cl zone near mr. 5 in'quinans, scarlet geranium, b. u my-f: 1 rd-ren, di, ere, vicsid-d. 6 acerifolium, Tp. u 5-f: 1 5-lo-palmate, sr; wd nndi. 7 capitatum, rose-scented geranium, b. f capitate: 1 cor, lo, soft. 188 pelargonium, phaca. 8 quercifolium, oak-leaf geranium. Tp. u sub-my-f: 1 cor, pnt, ere. 9 grave'olens, b- u my-f, sub-cap: 1 pal-7-lo; di ol, ot. Pen'nise'tum. 3—2. 10. Lat. penna, a feather, and seta, bristle. Fox- tail panic. 1 viride, Ju. 0. sk cy: inv of 4—10 fas brs, sea up: sk in pa. 18-24 i. 2 gluucuin, O. J. 0. sk cy: inv of my fas brs, sea up: per f rg. 2 £ 3 rerticillutum, Ju. 0. sk sm wr: brs of inv 2, sea: sk si. 18 i. 4 itulicum, Ju. 0. sk com, int at base, no: sk conglm: inv lg £ 4 £ 5 germanicum, Ju. 0. skcom, cp: sk glm; rachis hir: brs sh. 2—4 i. 6 pungens, 21? sk t: inv my-par, 1-f; seg t, sb, sea, lg £ S. 7 laevigatam, Ju. 2f? so: step: sk: skl-f: inv 10-awned. 1-2 £ 8 corrugatum, sk t, com, brs: sk my-f. (7—10): co transversely rg. 2-3f Pentho'rum. 10—5. 86. Gr. pente, five, oros, a mark. Orpine. 1 sedoides, O. g-y. Ju. 2f. stbrh, an: lln, sub-ss, uneq sr. 12-18 i. Pent^te'mo.w 13—2. 37. Gr. pente, five, and sterna, stamen. Beard tongue. 1 pubescens, O. w-p. J. 2f. st h: 1 sr, ln-ol, ss: fpn: bar fi b. 1—2 £ 2 licrigata, w-p. Ju. 2f. st g: lso. ol-o, els at base, to, lower en. 2 £ 3 frutescens, p. Tp. st fru: brh an, pu ab: 1 In, os dn, ss, g. 12-18 i. 4 alpinum, b. g: co sm bl; limb eq, 5-lo: 1 ln-ol, cre-dn on mr. 6 i. 5 ambifnum, p. st fru, brh: Hi, shining,, m, scaonmr: pn si. 8—10 i. 6 cristatiun, p. 2f. st low, pu: 1 ol, a, os dt, sub-hir: pd ax, tm. 6-8 i. S. 7 coeru'leum, b. 21- so: rad 1 li, en: cau ln-li, en, all ss: sterile fi sh. 8 erianthera, p. 3 2f- st and 1 g: 1 ss, ln-o. en, sub-und at mr: pd my-f 9 grandiflorvm, g: 1 half-cls, o-ol, en; up rd: fsl. ax. 10 gracile, p. J. st so, slender: 1 ro, li, a, els, sr: fib longitudinally. 11 aldidam, w. low: 1 ln-o, sub-sr, so, ss: f sub-fas, ax and tm. 6-8 i. 12 dissectum, p. 1 op, ss, com di; seg li, ot: fpn. 2 £ 13 nuttallii, g: 1 cr, ln-o, dn, half-cls: fpn: lofco, ac: sterile fi b apex. Periplo'ca. 5—2. 47i. Gr. peri, about, andploke, twining. 1 grazca, milk vine, p. M. b. f hir within, tm, stg with 10 cre- Pe'taloste'mon. 16—5. 93. Gr. petalon, a petal, and sterna, stamen. 1 candidum, w. Ju. 2f. sk cy, pel: bt lg f: eg: 1 In, in 3 pa. 2 violiiceiim, r-p. Au. 2f. skcy, pd: bt eq to c; bt spt: 1 li, in 2-pa. 3 villosum, r. Au. 2f. v: st dc: sk lr, cy, sub-ss: bt sh. 5-toc: 1 li-ol. 4 macroslacltyum, w. 2f. sk cy, cp, lg: btln, c v: 1 in 3 pa, ln-ol, g. 2£ 5 carneum, w. Ju. 2f. sk cy, pd: bt sb, 1 gc: 1 In. 2-3 f. S. 6 corymbosum, w. S. 2f. pd in pn cmb: c plumose: 1 li, unawned. 2 £ 7 roseum, r. g: 1 li: bt sb, sh: c striate, g. Peuced'anum. 5—2. 60. Gr. peuke, fir, and danos, burning. Sul- phur wort. 1 tcrnatum, 2f. 1 ter, lg-pe: 1 en, lg-li, a, al below: inv w. 3fi S. Pezi'za. 21—6. 1. Lat. pezica, mushroom. 1 sarcoides, ces fleshy, sm firm, in texture, red sm ve out-side. 2 umbrina, lr, ces, contorted, brown. 3 coccinea, stiped, lr, tur or fl, scarlet within, white without, d mr ere. Pha'ca. 16—10. 93. Gr. phakl, lentil. J frigida, y-w. e, g, sm brh: 1 4 or 5 pa, ol-o, h be at mr: sti o-ol, cil. 2 aboriginorum, r-w. pu: st e, ra, striate: 1 sm 5-pa, ln-ol, ot: sti o. 3 glabriuscula, g, sc h: st e, sub-si, striate. 1 in 5 or 6 pa, ln-li, sub-a. 4 elegans, sub-g: st sub-ram, e or as, an: 1 5 to 7 pa, ol,ot, wd at base. 5 villosa, O. y. Ju. 2f • st-less, v: 1 ov, g: pd lg as 1, le v, ol. S. PHACA, PHLOX. 189 6 triphylla,, 2f. st-less: 1 ter: lln, ss: scp none: less, ol. Phace'lia. 5—1. 43. Gr. phakelos, bundle. 1 bipinnatifida, b. M. e: 1 pnt; di gh-lo: r bifid, ol, my-f: di co en. 1 £ 2 fimbri,ata, b. M. 0. as, h: 1 ss, pnt: di In, a, en, his ab, g be. 1 £ 3 parviflora, b. M. 0. pu: 1 sub-ss, pnt; di ol-ot, en: r si. 6—8 i. 4 integrifolia, e, pu: 1 pe, o, cre-sr: r nm, dense-f. 5 heterophylla, b. Ju. b • e, his: 1 pe, pnt: di In, en, n, tm, el. S. Phalan'gium. 6—1. 16. Gr. phalagx, Tarantula. 1 esculen'tum, b. M. 21- ro bu: scp lg li carinate 1: sk r. 12-18 i. 2 croceum, y. 2f. robu: scp sh 1: sk py: bt sh: seed glo, so. S. Phal'aris. 3—2. 10. Gr. photos, shining. 1 americana, O. Ju. 21- pn ol, sk: glu ofc boat-shaped, sr: co uneq. 2 canariensis, O. Ju. 0. pn sub-sk, o: c boat form, en at apex. 18 i. Phase'olus. 16—10. 93. Lat.phaselus, a little ship, Bean, ground nut. 1. S. G. Phase'olus,proper, (Eu'phase'olus. ) Gr. eu, beautiful. Bean. 1 percnnis, r-p. 2f. h: 1 o, ac, 3-n: r 1 to 3, ax; pn lg 1; bt sml. 2 vulgaris, p. w. Ju. 0. sm g: 1 o, ac: r pd, sh 1; pd in pa: le pd. E. 3 multiflorus, r. w. Ju. 0. sub-g; 1 o, ac: r pd, lg 1; pd in pa: bt cp. 4 hrnatus, g-w. Ju. 0. 1 o ac: r sh 1; pd in pa: le sb: seed cp, white. 2. S. G. Stro'phosty'les. (1) Gr. strophos, twisted, slulos, style. 5 helvolus, st twi: 1 ol, sub-pnt: pd lg 1, 3-f at apex. 6 diversifolius, p. st prt, sea: 1 an, 2 or3-lo: pd lg 1. my f; f hd. S. 7 vexillatus, st prt, twi, sm h: 1 ol-o: pd lg; f 5 to 7, inhd: banner lr. 3. S. G. Am'phicar'pa. (1) Gr. amphi, around, and karpos, fruit. 8 monoica, O. b. & w. Ju. 0. r pnd: st v: rad f w pt: 1 ter; 1 o. 4 £ 9 sarmentosa, w. Au. rfi, 3-f, w pt: 1 ter, 1 o, g: cps ol, 2 seeded. 4. S. G. Rhyncho'sia. (1) Gr. rugchos, a beak. 10 renformis, y. 2f. st e, low. hir: sti ln-ol: 1 rd: r ss, my-f. S. 11 difformis, 2f. st twi: sti ln-ol, lower 1 si, upper trifoliate: r lg-pd. 12 erecta, 2f. st e, an: brh sm twi: 1 ov, sub-a. net-ve: rax, lgl. 13 caribaea, st pu: 1 rh-o, a, pte be: rig 1: le sabre-form, his. 5. S. G. Wistar'ia. (2) Dr. Caspar Wistar. 14 frutescens, b-p. b»wi2-eared: gm g: st cli: rtm. S. / 6. S. G. A'pios. (1) Gr. wild pear, which the roots resemble in form. Ground-nut. 15 tuberosa, O. b-p. Ju. 2f. st twi: 1 pnt, 7 ln-o 1: r sh 1, ax: ro tub. Philadel'thus. 11—1. 89. Gr. philos, love, and adclphos, a brother. Mock orange. Scentless syringa. 1 coronarius, mock orange, w. J. b. styles distinct: 1 o, sub-dn. E. 2 inodo'rus, w. 3. Tp. 1 o, ac, en: di ofc a: style undi. lg s: stg 4. S. 3 grandiflorus, w. J. b.lo, ac, dn: ax of ve fas of h be: 'di ofc ac. 4 lewisii, Ju. b- 1 o, a, sub-en, cil mr: diofc a: style 3-cleft, lg as s. 5 hirsutus, w. b. 1 ol-o, a, au-dn, hir ab, v be: style stg undi: pd 2-bt. Philox'erus. 15—5. 30. Gr. philos, love, and xeros, burnt. 1 vermicularis, 3. 2f. g: st crp: 1 sub-t, fleshy: fin tm, si, ol hd. S. Phle'um. 3—2. 10. Gr. phleon, cat-tail-grass. Timothy. 1 pratense, O. J. 2f. and ft. skcy, c m-awned; ke cil. 2—8 £ 2 alpi'nuni, sk o or cy-o, hir or v. Phlox. 5—1. 45. Gr. phlox, a flame. Lichnidia. 1 paniculata., r. w. Ju. 2f. g, e: 1 In, nr, flat; mr rough: cmb pn. 2-3 £ (1) Glycine. (2) Thyrsauthus, of Glycine, 190 PHLOX, P1NUS. 2 pyramidalis, p. 3. 2f. e, g: st sea: 1 hr-o, a* pn fs, py. 2—3 f. 3 maculata, r. w. Ju. 2f. e: st spotted, sea: 1 ln-ol, g; mr rough. 2 £ 4 aristata*, r. w. J. 2f. e, pu: 1 ln-li: pn lax, fs: pd sm in pa: di of c ob, 5 pilosa, p. w. J. 2f. sml dc, pu: 1 ln-li, sh: cmb sub-fs. 12—18 i. 6 divaricata, p-b. 2f. pn, lln,ov, up al: brh lax, few-f. 1—2 £ 7 reptans, b-p. J. 2f. crp, pu: radl ob-spt, cau ln-ov: cmb-spr. 8-18 i. 8 subulata, r. 2f. ces, white pu: Hi, pungent, cil: cmb few-f. 3—6 i. 9 setacea, r. 3. 2f. ces, pu: 1 fas, sb, pungent, cil: pdfew, tm, sub-u. 10 undulata, b. Au. 2f. e, g: 1 ln-ol, sea on mr: cmb pn. 2 £ S. 11 Carolina, p. Au. 2f. e: st pu: 1 ln-o, so: cmb sub-fs; brh 3-f 12 glaberrima, p. Ju. 21, ces: st e: 1 ln-li, g: cmb sml, tin, sub-fs. 13 speciosa, w. p. J. b. e, g, fru, brh: 1 li: up al; dilated at base. 14 ovata, r-p. J. 2f. e, g. rad lo, a, sm fleshy; cau In: cmb sub-fs. 15 acuminata, p. Au. 2[- 1 spt-o, ac, sea; up In: cmb tm. 3—5 i. 16 ni'tida, p. J. 2f. e, g: stsca: 1 o-ol, sub-cr: cmb fs: di ofcoob. 17 cordata, Au. 1 ol-cor, sub-ac, mr sea: cmb pn: teeth ofc lg-awned. 18 bifida, p. Ap. st e, brh, pu: 1 ln-o and ln-li, sm els, op. 4—6 i. Phrag'mites. 3—2. 10. Gr. phragma, palisadoes. Reed. 1 communis, Au. 2f. c 5-f: fig c. 6—12 £ Phry'ma. 13—1. 42. Gr. phrugma, dried. Lopseed. 1 leptosta'chya, O. p-w. 2f. 1 o, sr, pe: sk tm, slender: fop. 2—3£ Phyllac'tis. 3—1. 56. Gr.phullon, leaf, and ago, to bring. 1 obovata, Oc. st-less: ro fu: 1 radiating, li-spt, ot, hir-pilose. S. Phyllan'thus. 19—5. 96. Cr. phullon, leaf, and anthos, flower. 1 obovatus, 0. 1 al, ov, ot, g, sm dist: ffew, (2—4,) ax. pd, no. 12i. Phy'salis. 5—1. 38. Gr. phusa, a bladder. Yellow henbane. • 1 visdo'sa, O. Ju. 21.1 in pa, hr.ov, re, ot, sub-tom: st pn ab: fru c pu. 2 obscura, y. p. Ju. 1 sub-cor, or, ac, uneq dn: st her, di, brh; brh an. 3 pennsylva'nica, y. 3. 2f. 1 o, sub-re. ot, na: stbrh: pd si, lg pe 1 £ 4 philadel'phica, y. p. Ju. 0. 1 o, re-to, g: st brh, pd si 5 lanceolata, y. 3. 2f. 1 in pa, ln-ov, sub-en, nr into pe, pu: st die. 6 lobata, g. 1 ol, sm fleshy, ly-lo, nr pe at base, g, rev at mr, st her, brh. 7 alkekengi, 2f. 1 in pa. en, a: st sub-ram: c fru red. E. 8 pubescens, O. y. Ju. 0. 1 v, sub-cor: stbrh: fsl, pnd: fru c rd glo. 9 somnif'era, y. Ju. 2f. tom: 1 o, en: f crd, sh-pd: co bl. Phytolacca. 10—10. 29. Gr. phuton, plant, and lachanon, potherb. Poke-weed. 1 decandra, O. w. Ju. 2f. 1 o, a both ends: f r: ber flattened ends. 3-6£ Pinckne'ya. 5—1. 57. Gen. C. W. Pinckney. 1 pu'bens, p. J. Tp, \ op, In, en, pilose shining ab, tom be, sub-ac. c sup, cl. Pinguic'ula. 2—1. 35. Lat. pinguis, fat. Butter-wort. 1 elatior, 21- nee sb, ot, sh co: tube ventricose ab: scp v. 4—12 i. 2 lutea, p. Ap. 2f. border of co 5-cleft, di 2-lo; lo 2-to: spur sb, sh tube. 6—8 i. S. 3 pumila, b. Ap. 2f. border of co 5-cleft, di em, lo en: spur sb. 3—5 i. 4 acutifolia, Ju. 2f • g: 1 e, ov, a. Pinus. 19—15. 100. Gr. pinax, tablet of pine. Pine, fir, balsam, 1. Sprnce 2. Hemlock 4. Larch 18. 1 balsamea, O. M. b. 1 flat, em, en, gibe, sub-e ab, rc-spr: cy, e. 2 fraseri, 3. b. 1 si, flat, em, gl be, sm 1-sided, ab, e: o-ol, e: bt el, rx, wd-ol, em, sh-m, gh-to. PINUS, PLATANUS. \g\ 3 taxifolia, b. 1 si, flat, sub-dist: cones ol. 4 canadensis, O. M. b. 1 flat, 2-rank: strobiles o, tm, lg 1. 5 nigra, M. b- 14-sided, sc, brh e, straight: strobiles o: scales ov, mr, erose-to at apex. 6 rubra, b-1 si, sb: strobiles ol, ot: scales rd, sub-2-lo: mr en. 7 alba,0. M. b. 14-sided, inc: strobiles sub-cy, lax: scales ob, en. 8 resinosa, Tp. 1 she el: strobiles o-conic, rd at base, sub-sl, half lg as 1: scales dilated, nnarmed. 9 inops, M. b ■ 1 sh: strobiles ol conic, re, lg of 1: prickles scales sb. 10 banksiana, M. Tp. 1 sh, rigid: strobiles ic, twisted; scales pk. 11 variabilis, M. b. 1 in pa, in threes: strobiles o-conic, sub-sl. 12 rigida, O. M. b. 1 she: same-in: strobiles o, sc: sp of scale rx. 13 serotina, M. b. lei: pk of scales straight slender. 14 strobus, O. M. Tp. 1 slender: she sh: strobiles pnd, cy, lgl. 15 pendula, M. b • strobiles ol: mrof scales inflexed: bt gui. 16 microcarpa, b. 1 deciduous: strobiles rd, few-f: scales rx: bt ov ot. 17 flexilis, 1 in fives, sh rigid: she sh: strobile e: scales lr unarm. 18 larix, Tp. 1: strobiles o-ol: mr of scales rx, torn: bt gui. E. 19 pungens, Tp. 1 ps, sh, a: strobiles o-conic: pk scales el, sb. S. 20 taeda, M. b. 1 in threes, el: she el: strobiles ol-conic, sh 1: sp in flexed. Var. so, 1 in 2s or 3s: bark so. 21 palustris, M. b-lin threes, lg: sti pnt: strobiles sub-cy, m. Pi'per. 2—2. 98. Indian origin. Pepper. 1 leptosta'chyon, 0. her sml: 1 ob, ot. sub-3-n, pu: skax, fi. 6—12 i. S. Pip'tathe'rum. 3—2. 10. Gr. pipto, to fall, and theros, harvest. Black seed millet. 1 racemosum, Au. 2f. pn si: fln-o: coh: awn twice lg as va. Pisti'a. 5—8. 7. Gr. pistos, drink. 1 spathul/ita, w. Ju. 1 nrinto pe, dilated; rd ot twards summit. S. Pi'sum. 16—10. 93. Gr.pison, a pea. Pea. 1 sativum, p. w. J. 0. pe t: sti rd ere at base: pd my-f. E. Plane'ra. 5—2. 99. James Planer. 1 aquatica, b • 1 o, a, sr. eq at base, sea, sh pe. 25—30 £ S. Plan'tago. 4—1. 31. Lat. planta, sole of the foot. Plantain. 1 major, O. w. J. 2[. 1 o, sub-dt, sub-g: sept: sk ol, im. 6—24 i. 2 lanceolata, 3. 2f- 1 In, v: sk sh. t-cy. bt o, ac: scp an, with cph. 1-2 £ 3 virginica, r-y. J. 0. pu all part: 1 ln-o, sub-dt: frt: scp an: co ad- heres gm closely, appears sup. 3—8 i. 4 cordata, w. 3. 2f. 1 hr-o, br, sub-dn, g* sk lg: f sub-im, lower sc: bt o, ot. 12—18 i. 5 media, w. 3. 21. 1 ln-o, pu: skcy: scp t. 6 maritima, An. 21-1 li, h near base: sept: skcy: bt a. 6—10 i. 7 pusilla, Au. 0. pu: 1 li-sb, flat, en, a: scp t, lg 1: sk cy. 8 cuculla'ta, Ju. 21- 1 o, concave, 9-n, pu be: sk cy, im. 9 eriopoda, 2f. st-less: pe cover at base: 1 brln, lg-pe, g, en, 5-n: scp t, g: sk cy, exceed 1: frt: s & slg: bt br-o, ot: cps2-seed. 9—12 i. 10 caroliniana, Ju. ft. all g: 1 In, en, lg: frt: st t. S. 11 interrupta, Ju. 2f. 1 In, en: sm pilose: sk lg, int: f g. 12 glabra, 1 o, dt, so: scp sub-cp, eq to 1: fsc: bt o, ac. 13 irnaphaloides, Ju. 0. v; 1 ln-li, en, naab: sept, lgl: skcy, im. PlaVanus. 19—13. 99. Gr. platus, bioad. Button wood. 1 occidentalis, O. J. b. 15 an, os lo, to, pu be: st brh white. 192 PLEEA, PODOSTIGMA. Plee'a. 9—2. 13. Gr.pleion, abundance. I tenuifolia, y-r. 21. g: 1 nr-ensif: she of sk 1-f. 1—2 £ S. Pleura'phis. 3—2. 10. Gr. pleura, the rib, and aphe, touch. 1 jamesii, Ju. 2f. culm t, so: sk tm, e; sk ss, in o congeries at jt of ra- chis: inv wooly third lg £ 1 £ S. Po'a. 3—2. 10. Gr. poa, grass. Pasture grass, blue grass, 10. Meadow grass 8. 1 annua, Ap. 0. pn sub-secund: sk o-ol. 5-f: f free: culm cp* 6—8 i, 2 fasciculata, Au. 2f. pn spr; brh fas, crd: skol, 3-f: ffree. I—2 £ 3 dentata, 2f. pn sm spr; brh cap: sk In, 5-f; ffree: c un-eq: lower glu ot, 3-n: lower vaof co 5-n, 5-to at apex. 3 £ 4 aquatica, Var. americana, Au. 2f. pn e, half-wr, diffuse; brh fl, so: sk li, 6-8-f: f o, ot, free: 1 br-li, with she so. 4—5 £ 5 maritima, 3. 2f. pn brh, smcrd: sk5-f, t: f ot, 5-n: ro crp. 1 £ 6 brevfolia, Ap. 2f. pn loose; brh pa: c 3-4-f: co pu: 1 sh: sti ac. 2 £ 7 pungens, Ap. 21 • culm cp: 1 sh: pn sub-si, spr; sk o, 3-4-f. 18 i. 8 pratensis, O. J. 2f. pn diffuse: up 1 sh so sbe: fa, 5-n, webbed at base: sti sh tru: ro crp. 2—3 £ 9 trivialis, Ju. 2f. pn eq, diffuse: sk ol-o, 3-f: f webbed at base, 5-n: culm and she roughish: sti ol: ro crp. 2—3 £ 10 compressa, Ju. 2f. pn sm 1-sid: sk ol, 3-6-f: f webbed. 12—18 i. 11 serotiua, 3. 2f. pnel, diffuse, at lg sm 1-side: skln-o, 2-3-f. 2—3 £ 12 nemoralis, 2f. pn weak; brh fl: sk o, 3-f; f webbed, a, os n. 2 f. 13 nervata, 3. 2f. pn eq, diffuse; brh at lg pnd: sk5-f: ffree, 7-n. 3—4 £ 14 elongata, 21- pnel, r; brh si, ap: sk o ot, tumid, 3-f; ffree. 3 £ 15 obtusa, Au. 21- pn o: sk o, ot; lower va 7-n: 1 lg as culm. 2—3 £ 16 canadensis, O. Ju. 2f. pnlr, effuse; brh half-wr, fl, atlg pnd: sk o', tu- mid, 6-8-f; ffree; lower va a, 7-n; upvaot: s 2. 3—4 f. 17 capillaris, Au. 0. pn lr, spr, cap: sk3-f, o, a; ffree. 12 i. 18 hirsuta, Ju. 2f. culm e, cp, si: she h: pnlr, cap; brh sprat lg rx: sk ol, 5-f: co cil on mr. V. sk li, 10-15-f. 18 i. 19 pcclinacea, Ju. 0. culm ces, o: 1 h at base: pn cap, py. 8—12 i. 20 rcptans, O. Au. 0? die: culm brh, crp: pnfas: sk ln-li, 12-20-f. Hi. 21 eravrost'is, 3u. 0. pn eq, spr: lower brh h in ax: sk ln-li. 12—18 i. 22 tenuis, Au. 2f? pn brh, spr, cap: sk 3-f, g, lg-pd: 1 li, lg. 12—18 i. S. 23 parviflora, 3. 2f. pn diffuse, cap: sksml, 3-f; f ot, caducous. 12-18 i. 24 conferta, pn tm, ax, e, cp, clustered f: sk 8-f, g. 2—3 f. 25 angustfolia, M. 2f. 1 li, inv: pn sm crd: sk In, a, 4-f; f v bsse. 1-2 f. 26 nitida, Ju. 0? ste, g: pnlr, diffuse, cap. 1 £ 27 rigida, 21- pn In, brh 1-sided; brh al, 1.sided. 2—4 i. 28 airoides, pn e; brh cap, half wr: 1 lg she, sh a, sk ol, ot, sub-ss, 4- 6-f: c uneq, sh co. 4—5 £ Podophyl'lum. 12—1. 62. Gr. pous, foot, and phullon, leaf. Wild mandrake. 1 peltatum, O. w. M. 2f. st tm, 2 pal 1: fsi, inserted in fork. 1—2 £ 2 callicarpum, w-r 2f. st forked: fru ol, lg filbert. Podoste'mum. 19—2. 7. Gr. pous, foot, and slemon, stamen. Thread- foot. 1 ceratophyllum, Ju. 2f. st fi, floating: 1 put: fax. Podostig'ma. 18—5. 47. Gr. pous, foot, and stigma, stigma. 1 pubescens, y-g. M. 2f • st e: 1 li: utmax: pte, lgc. 12—18 i. S. 2 viridis, g. p. M. 2f. st e: 1 pe, ol, ot, so; u few, tm: pt e, lg c. P0G0NIA, POLYGONUM. 193 Pogo.ma. 18—1. 21. Gr. pogon, a beard. Snake mouth. 1 ophioglossoides, O. r. Ju. 2f. ro fi: scp 2 distant 1, 1 or 2-f. 8—12 i. 2 verticillata, y-r. J. 2f. 1 5, in wr, ln-ol: st 1-f: 3 pt lg-li, inner In: lip 3-lo; middle di undulated. 6—12 i. 3 divaricata, p. 3. 2f. ro fi: scp 1-f, ln-ol 1: outer pt lg-li. 18—24 i. S. Polemo'nium. 5—I. 45. Gr. polcmos, war. Greek valerian. 1 rcptans, b. M. 2f- 1 pnt, 1 5-13: ftm, no. Polyan'thes. 6—1. 14. Gr. polus, many, and karpos, fruit Tu- berose. I tuberosa,, 2f. fal, in pa: rotu: scp scaly: 1 li, lg. E. Polycar'pon. 3—3. 30. Gr. polus, many, and karpos, fruit. 1 tetraphyllvm. w. J. 0? stbrh, g, striate, knotted: 1 op in fours, ob, ot, en, g, nr at base. 3—6 i. S. Polycne'mum. 3—1. 29. Gr.polus, many, knlme, knee. 1 americanum, 21. ces: 1 con, crd, sb, 3-an, pungent: ftm. S. Polyg'alv. 16—6" 93. Gr. polus, many, and gala, milk. Milkwort. Flowering wintergreen 3. Seneca snake-root 5. 1 incarnata, r. J. 0. stsmsi. e: 1 sc, sb: sk ov-ol: co el tube crested. 2 polyga'ma, r. J. 21. st sub-si, e: 1 obln li, m: tm r per f: rad prt, bt sml,°sb, caducous: wi rd, lg cps. 6—12 i. 3 paucifolia. r. M. 2f-sml, lr-f: st si, e, na: 1 o, a, g. top of st. 3—4 i. 4 uniflora,r. Ju. 2f. sml: st si, e, na: 1 few, brd-o, nr into pe: f w crest. 5 sen'eo-ai r. orw. J. 21 • st e, si, 1: lai, In: sk tm, fi: fal, not crested. V. 1 hi ov: sk sm crd: f sub-ss. 8—14 i. 6 lutea, y. Ju. 0. or ft. st si brh: rad caul spt, others In, skhd. 4-16 i. 7 viridesccus, g-w. Au. 0. ste, si: 1 ln-li, ot: f hd tm, snb-glo. 8 saiKTuin'ea, r. Ju. 0. st e, cmb-brh at top: 1 al, li: f not crested, in hd sk: pesca: wiobaslgcps. 8—16 i. 9 purpurea, Ju. r. 0. stfs-brh: 1 al, ol-li: f b-less: sk cy, ot, im rachis. 10 verticillata, O. w. J. 0. st e, brh: 1 wr sc: sk fi, pd: fal. 6—8 i. 11 ambigaa, p. 0. 1 wr, al: st wand like brh: sk a, lg pd: forested: wi rd ve, eq cp fru: bt caducous. 12 fasti giata, 0. st fs-brh: 1 al: calycine wi spr, o, a, lg cps, forested. 13 crucfata, r. g. Ju. 0. st e, ram, wi-an: 1 fours, ln-li. 8—12 i. 14 brevifolia, r. Ju. 0. st e, fs:brh, an-wi: 1 ol-li, sh, pte, fours, wr: sk sub-capitate, pd: f sm crested: wi cor-o, a, lgcps. 15 ramosa, g-y. Ju. 2f. st e, brh from base: 1 spt-ob; cau li, eq. 8-12 i. 16 corymbo'sa, g-y. Ju. 2f. st e, t, na: 1 lg, ln-li; cau sb. 2—4 f. 17 setacea, Ju. 0. st si, se, l-less, brh near summit: 1 sml, se, sc. S. 18 pubescens, r. y. Ju. 2f pu: st e, brh: 1 ln-ol, a, sub-ss: r tm. 19 viridesccus: y-g. Ju. st si: 1 wd-ob, ot: hd cy, squarrose. 1—4 i. 20 balduin'a. y-w. Ju. st e, brh near summit: 1 spt-ot; cau In: hd cmb: calycine wi se-ac. 2—3 £ 21 alba, w. 2f. st si: 1 al, li, re atmr: skr, lg-pd: cob: bt caducous. 6i. Pol'ygo'num. 8—3. 28. Gr. polus, many, and gone, corner. Knot- plant 1. Water pepper 6. Fagopyrum 23. i aviculare, O. w. M. 21- s 8, styles 3; lln, sea at mr: sti sh. 6—12 i. 2 crectum, O. w. J. 2f. st e, brh: 1 ov, a: s 5. 1—3 £ 3 maritimum, w-r. Au. b? s 8: styles 3: 1 In, gl, revolute on mr: sti torn: st diffuse, prt, suffruticose. 1—2 £ 4 tenue O. w. Ju. 0. 1 lg-li, ac: sti tubular, apexv: st ane, brh. 9-18 i. 5 Upathifolium, r-w. Au. 0. s6: styles 2: sti awnless: pd sea. 2—4f. 194 POLYGONUM, POLYT.SNIA. 6 puntatum, O. w. Au. 0. s 8: styles 3: 1 In, g: sti lax g, cil at apex, spotted: sk fi, sm no: bt rt al. 1—2 £ 7 mite, 3. 0. s8: styles 3: 1 nr, In, sub-hir: sti hir, lg-cil: sk li. 12-18 i. 8 virginianum, w. Ju. 2f • s 5: styles 2, uneq: 1 br-ov. 2—4 £ 9 bistortoides, w-r. J. 21. st si, 1-sk: 1 ov, flat, pe: bt 1-f, 2-3-va. 10 viviparum, r. Au. 2f. st si: 1 ln-li, g; mr rev; sk si, li: bt o, ac. 6 i. 11 barbatum, r-w. Ju. s 6: styles 3: sk wand-like, tru, brs-cil. 18—24 i. 12 persicacia, O r. Ju. 0. s 6: styles 2: sko-ol, e: pd so: 1 In. 1—2 f. 13 pennsylvanicum, O. Ju. 0. s 8: sk ol: pd his: 1 In: sti g, not cil: st swelling knee-jt. 2—4 £ 14 amphib'ium, O. r. Au. 2f. s 5: styles 2: up 1 sub-ss ta to base; sh- pe at base, ln-ol o-ol, ta lg-ac apex, sk cy: st e, sub-dc base. 15 coccineum, crp r. Au. 2f. s5: styles 2: 1 lg-pe, ol, sub-cor at base, a at apex, g: sk cy: st strong, ro. Fred, sk not jg or thick. 6-12 £ 16 fluitans, r. Au. 2f. s 5: styles 2, half-united: 1 lg-pe, ol-ov, ta to base, ot a at apex, g: st fi: sk cy. 17 articulatum, r. w. Ju. 0. s 8: styles 3; r sk in pn,fi: pd fi, si, from abim trubt: 1 li; sti she, tru. 9—15 i. 18 sagitta'tum, O. w. J. 0. s 8: styles 3 or 1: f hd: st pk curved clL 19 arifolium, O. r-w. Ju. 0. s 6: styles 2 or 1: st pk, 1 ar. 2—4 £ 20 convolvulus, O. w. r. Ju. 0. s 8: styles 3: 1 ol, hr: st tvi, an. 21 scandens, O. w. r. Au. 2f. s 8: styles 3: 1 br-cor: sti tru, na, st cli. 22 cilino'de, Ju. 0. s 8: style 3: 1 cor: st/sub-a, at base cil: st an, prt, cli: di ofc ot ke. 23 fagopy'rum, r-w. Ju. 0. s 8: styles 3: r pn: 1 hr-sagittate. 1-2 £ E. 24 orienta'le, r. Au. 0. s 7: styles 2: 1 o: st e, tall: sti h. 3—6 f. 25 hirsutum, w. Ju. 0. s8: styles 3-cleft; sk fi: st sti hir: 1 In. 2 f. S. 26 polygamum, w. Au. 2f? s 8: styles 3: sk pn: fsl: di of c ob: 1 spv sti en, tru. 6—8 i. V. articulatuml 27 fimbriatum, w. Au. 21? sk pn: fsl: sti tru, fringed: 1 li, a end. 2 £ 28 setaceum, w. Ju. s8: styles 3-cleft: pd lg, hir: sti hir, cil. 1—2 £ 29 gracilc, g-w. 0. die, gl: r fi: fig pd: pd jt c: 1 spt-li, ot. 1—4 £ Polym'nia. 17—4. 55. Polymuia, one of the Muses. Leaf-cup. 1 canadensis, w. or y. J. 2f. v: 1 dte, ac: lower pnt, up 3-lo en. 2—3 £ 2 uveda'lia, y. Ju. 2f. 1 op, 3-lo, a, de into pe: lo sin-an. 3—5 £ Polypo'dium. 21—1. 5. Gr. polus, many, and pous, foot. Polypod. 1 vulgare, O. Ju. 21. fr pnt: di ln-li, ot, ere, apx, up sml. 8—12 L 2 hexagonop'terum,, Ju. 2f. fr 2-pnt, so; lower di deflexed; subdi In, ot, cil, un 1 gh ere, of up en; lowest adnate-de: fru-dots si. 12 i. 3 connec'tile, Ju. 2f. frdnt, cil; di op, adnate: subdi sm ov: stipe ch. 12 i. 4 dryopteris, Ju. 2f. fr ter, 2-pin, sub-rigid; di ot, sub-en. 8—12 i. 5 virginianum, Ju. 2f. fr pnt; di In, ot, en apx; up sml: fru dots si. S. 6 incanum, O. Ju. 21- fr pnt; di al, li, en, ot; up sml, scaly be, fru sL Polypo'gon. 3—2. 10. Gr. polus, many, and pogon, beard. 1 raeemosusi Au. 2f. pn conglm, int: brs of c sea: co unarm, h at base. PolypRe'mum. 4—1. 46. Gr. polus, many, and premnon, shoot 1 procumbens, O. w. Ju. 0. st fur, mr of fur sharp-sr, die ab: 1 op, B, bs, sr, sub-de. 6—12 L S. Polyp'teris. 17—1. 55. Gr. polus, many, and pteris, wing. 1 integrifolia, 2f. st e, sub-sea, brh ab: lai, en, ln-li, sea. 3—4£ S. Polytx'nia. 5—2. 60. Gr. polus, many, and tainia, fillet. 1 nuttallii, 1 three-par at top, seg 3-cleft, wd at base, 1 In, to at apex. pomaria, potentilla. 195 Poma'ria. 10—1. 93. Lat. pomum, an apple. I glandulosa, y. Tp. brh, gld pte: brh sub-pu: 1 bipin; 1 o, oblique at base, en, ss, sub-pilose, so green ab. S. Pontede'ria. 6—1. 17. Julius Pontedera. Pickerel weed. 1 cordata, O. b. Ju. 2f. 1 hr-ol, ot: skmy-f, cp: di of co ol. 1—2 £ 2 lancfolia, b. J. 2f. 1 ln-ol: f sk. S. Pop'ulus. 20—8. 99. Lat. populus, the people's tree for walks. Pop- lar, balm of gilead 4. Lombardy 9. 1 tremuloides, Ap. b. 1 hr-rd, ac; to-sr, g, pu at mr, two gld at base, up side; pe cp, young state silky. 20—30 £ 2 gran'didenta'ta, Ap. b. 1 rd-o, a, uneq sin-to, g; in young state v: pe cp. Var. brh pnd. 40—50 £ 3 betulifolia, Ap. b.lrh, lg-ac, dn, g: young brh pilose. 30—40f. 4 angulata, O. Ap. b.lo, ac, ot to, g; br-cor young: brh wi-an. 80 £ 5 balsamifera, Ap. b.lo ac, cp sr, net-ve be. 70—80 £ Resinous. 6 candicans, Ap. b 1 cor, o, ac, ot uneq sr, sub-3-h, net-ve. 40-50 £ 7 loevigata, Ap. Tp. 1 rd o, deltoid, ac, sub-cor, uneq sr, g, gld at base; pe cp: young brh an. 70—80 £ 8 heterophylla, M. b- 1 rd-o, cor au ot to; young d. 70—80 £ 9 dilatata, Ap. b. 1 g both sides, ac, sr, breq to lg: brh e. 40—80 £ E. 10 graeca, Ap. b. 1 cor-o, ac, os sr. pe cp. 20—40 £ 11 monilifera, Ap. b. 1 sub-cor-deltoid, g gld at base, cr, sub-pilose, sr; n spr: pe cp ab; old brh t. 60—70 £ S. Porcel'ia. 12—13. 76. Porcel. Custard apple. 1 triloba, p. Ap. b.lso, ol-wd-ob: outer pt or: fru lr, fleshy. 30—40 £ 2 parviflora, g-p. M. b. 1 wd-ob, m, un surface brh pu: outer pt twice Igasc. 2£ S. 3 pygmaea, Ap. b. 1 lg-li, wd, ot, cr, brh g: pt ob-ol, lr c. 6—18 i. 4 grvndiflora, y-w. Ap. Tp. 1 wd-ob, ot, un surface brh pu. 18—24i. Portulac'ca. 12—1. 86. Lat. porto, to carry, and lac, milk. Purslane. 1 oleracea, O. y. J. 0.1 wd: fss. 2 pilosa, 0. 1 sb, al: ax pilose, fss, tm. S. Pot'amoge'ton. 4—4. 7. Gr. potamos, river, and geiton, neighbor. Pond-weed. 1 natans, O. g. J. 2f. 1 lg-pe, ln-ov; sub cor, floating. 2 fluitans, g. Ju. 2f. 1 lg, li; up In, n, cr; all pe. 3 hetcrophyllum, g. Ju. 21. upl pe, ov, ta both ends: un crd, ss, li. 4 diversifolium, O g Ju 21 up 1 op, In, 5-n, sh-pe: un ss, al, fi: sk ax, al. 5 perfoliatum, g. Ju. 2f. lhr-o, els: sk tm, ab water: fal. L immersed. 6 lucens, O. g. J. 2f. 1 lr, In, sub-ss, middle rib thick: sk lg, cy: pellu- cid mem. Sk 1 to 2 i lg, pd, 3 lg. 7 crispum, r-g. J. 21.1 al, or op, ln-ov, sr: sk few-f. 8 pectinatum, g. J. 21-1 lg-brs, apx, 2-ranked, she at base: sktm, int wr. 9 gramin'cum, O. g. Ju. 2f. 1 li, al, ss: sti br: st t, sub-die. 10 compressum, g. Ju. 0. or 21. Hi, ot: st cp: sksh, 4 to 6 £ 11 zostcrifolium, g-y. Au. 21. 1 al, li, ss: st fl, cp, sub-alate, brh ax: sti ln-li, a: sk my (20-40) £ 2—3 £ Potentil'la. 11—13. 92. Lat. potentia, power, Cinquefoil. Five- finger. Goose five-finger 15. 1 tridentata, w. Ju. 21- as, so: sti sb: 1-wd-ol, 3-to at end. 5—10 . 2 emarginata, 2f. hir: sti o, en: 1 ter; 1 ss, apx: pd few, tm, el, 1-f: pt wd-ol: em, twice lg c 196 POTENTILLA, primula. 3 nivea, y. Ju. 2f. as tom: sti o, en: Iss, apx, gh-to, hirab, torn: pd feu. 4 villosa, 2f. s-v: sti br, mem, en: 1 ss, apx, shining cp hab, hoary-tom be: pd sh: pt obcor, lg c. As. 5 hirsuta, w. Ju. 2f. e, si, hir: sti In, en: 1 ob, gh par: pn few-f: pd sh. 6 norwegica, O. y. J. 0. e, brh, h: sti o halved; to: 1 ln-rh. 8—\8 i. 7 canadensis, O. y. M. 2f. prt, sub-ram, silky: sti o, gh: 1 wd-ob, gh- to: st as crp. hir: pd si, el: di of c ln-li: pt or, sub-en, lg c. 2—18 i. 8 simplex, y. M. 21. e, si, hir: sti gh: 1 ol-ov, to, up ss: pd ax, si el, 1-f. 9 sarmento'sa, y. M. 2f. st s: lq: 1 ob, ot, sr, g ab, hir be: pt rd, lgc. 10 opaca, y. Ju. 2f. dc, fi, hir: sti li-ol, en: rad 1 in 7s A: 5s, wd-li, dt: pd ax, sl; 1-f: pt re, lg as c. 11 dissecta, 2f. e, brh, g: 1 q; 1 pnt; di en, a: ftm, sub-cmb. 12 argentea, O. w y. Ju. 2f. st prt as, sub-e, brh, white-d. 4—10 i. 13 recta, y. 3. 2f. ste: 1 in 57; 1 In, to: pt ob-cor, lr c: co lr. Pale. 14 fruticosa, y. 3. b. fru, hir: sti o, en: 1 q-pnt; 1 li-ol, en. 1—5 f. 15 anscrina, 6. y. J. 2f. crp: 1 int pnt, 1 nm, gh sr, silky, d be: pd si. 16 pennsylvanica, y. Ju. 2f. e, soft, sm whitish-v: 1 put; 1 ol, ot, sub- pnt: pn my-f: eii of c ov. 17 supina, y. 3. 0. prt, die: lpnt; 1 ol, tc: pd It, si, 1-f, spr. 18 leucophylla, e: 1 pnt di; 1 ol, sr, white both sides: sti In, a, en 1-to: flax-cmb: di of c In, en, nr bt: rec pilose: pr so. 15 i. 19 humifusa, y. M. 1 dg q; 1 wd-ol, ot, gh-to, white tom be. 4—5 i. S. Pote'rium. 19—13. 92. Gr. poterion, beverage. Burnet. 1 sanguisor'ba, 3. 2f. st sm an, unarm: 1 pnt: 1 sr: fin hd. E. Prenan'thes. 17—1. 53. Gr. prenes, drooping, and anthos, flower. • White lettuce. 1 alba, O. w. p. Au. 21. rad 1 an, to, sm lo; cau rd o, to, pe; up In. 1-3£ 2 serpentaria, p. Au. 2f. 1 to, rough; rad pal: cau lg-pe, sin pnt. 3-4 £ 3 altissima, p-y. Au. 2f. st brh: lpe, 3-lo, an, dt; mr sea: rax: f no: c 5 f. 4—8 £ 4 cordata, w-y. Au. 2f. st pn ab: lpe, cor, to, cil; fss, ol, en. 4—6fi 5 virgata, O. w-p. Au. 2f. g: st si: 1 all ly-sin: brh sm 1-sided. 3—6 £ 6 crepidinca, 1 br-ln, at base, uneq to-au: pn fas, tm, few-f, no: c hir, 10-12-cleft, 20-f. 4—6 f. 7 rubicunda, 2f. 1 cil, rad hast-an, sub-en; cau ob, ta base, an. 18 i. 8 racemosa, st si: 1 undi, so; rad ln-ov; cau els: r ol, hir; fas no. 9£ 9 deltoidea, p. st si, g: 1 deltoid, ac, a-dte, sub-gibe: r ax, few-f. 2 £ 10 pauciflora, stbrh, fl, pn ab: brh 1-f: fe: 1 ln-li, run, g: c 5-f. 11 tenuifolia, st brh, g: 1 li, en: pu lax, tm: f e: c 5-f. 12 simplex, p. Ju. st si: up 1 ln-li, en; rad In, sin: r tm, si. 2 £ S. 13 illinoiensis, st si. 1 rough, all undi, ln-ov: r lg; fas sub-ss, e, hir. 14 apltylla, p. r. 2f. st sub-si; brh vigrate: radl li; cau sml, sb, sc: fsl: c 8-cleft, my-f, 2 f. Is this a variety of next. 15 juncea, 2f. st brh, g: cau 1 rt, sb, sh: brh 1-f: c 5-cleft, 5-f; 1 mem mr. Pri'mula. 5—1. 35. Lat. primus, first. Primrose. Oxlip. 1 farinosa, r. 21. 1 ob-spt, cre-dn gl be: u e, my-f; pd spr. 6—10 i. 2 mistasinica, 2f. sml, g: 1 ov-spt, sub-dt: scp el: u few-f; corx. 3 angustfolia, p. 1 ln-ov, en, g: scp 1-f: di ofco o, en. 1—2i. 4 acaulis, 2f. 1 rg, to, hir be: scp 1-f. E. 5 veris, r-y. 2f. 1 rg, to: limb ofco concave; neck of tubeol: c inf. 6 elatior, w-y. 2f. 1 rg, to, hir: limb of co flat; neck of tube hem: f na, 7 auric'ula, 2[. lsr, ob; scp my-f; c mealy. prinos, prunus. 19T Pri'nos. 6—1. 95. Scarlet berries. Winter berry, false alder. 1 verticillatis, w. J. b. 1 deciduous, ov, sr, ac, pu be: fas ofs fax, u; p fag; Var. 1 ob, mem, so be: p f 4-5-cleft, sub-sl. 4—8 £ 2 glaber, Ju. b. 1 wd-ln, cr, g, shining, sub-dn ab: pd ax, sub-sl. 3-4 £ 3 kecigatus, Ju. b. 1 In, cp, sr, ac, g both sides, up side pu at n be: p f ax, si, sub-ss; s fsc; 6-cleft. 6—8 £ 4 ambiguus, w. Ju. b. 1 ov, ac at both ends, m-sr, sub-pu be. 3—5 f. 5 integrifolius, Tp. lov, en, m, pe, gboth sides: p fsl, lg-pd. S. 6 lanceolatus, 3. Tp. 1 deciduous, In, rt sr, a each end, g both sides: p f sc, in pa, pd, 6-cleft: s trian. 7 coriaceus, Tp. 1 br-ov, a, sr ab, pnt be: fsl, 8-par; s octan. 5—6 £ Pros'erpina'ca. 3—3. 88. Proserpina. Mermaid-weed. 1 palustris, g. Ju. 0. 1 li-ln, sr ab, pnt below. 2 pcctinata, g. Ju. 0. 1 all pectinate-pnt. Proso'pis. 10—1. 93. Gr. prosopon, face. 1 glandulosa, b. sp cy-conic: 1 pnt, in one pa; 16-7-p, li, ot, g, sub- cr: pe 1 gld: le straight: sk cy. Prunel'la. 13—1. 42. Breune, a disease in the throat. Heal-all. 1 vulgaris, heal-all, O. J. 21.1 pe, ol-o, to at base: lips of c uneq; up tru, awned: st as. 6—12 i. Pru'nus. _*12—1. 92. Gr. proune, plum. Cherry, plum. I virginiana, O. w. M. b- r e, el: 1 ov-ol, uneq sr, g both sides. 30-60 £ 2 serotina, O. w. J. b. fin lax r: 1 ov, sh-ac, a sr: midrib b each side base: pe2 gld. 10—20 £ Choak-cherry. 3 canadensis, w. b. f in r: 1 w gld, br-ln, rg, sr, pu both sides, ta pe. 4 obovata, w. M. b. rspr: 1 ob. a, sharp-sr, g. The serotina, Ph. 5 pennsylvanica, w. M. b. f sub-cmb; pd el: 1 ov-ol. ac, dnt, so: pe with 2 gld: brh pnt. 8—12 £ 6 pygmaa, 0. w. M. b. u ss, few-f: 1 ov-o, a, gboth sides. 2—4£ 7 americana, O. w. M. b. sm thorny? pd 3-5: sti se, com: 1 ol-ov ob, ac, 2-sr: fru sub-o, si, cr skin. 12—15 £ Meadow plum. 8 chicasa, w. M. b. brh g, sm thorny: 1 ol-ov, a ac, sr: buds each2-£ 9 pubescens, Tp. u ss, ag, few-f: pd c pu: 1 sh-ov, sr. 2—3 f. 10 maritima, w. M. b. pd sub-sl: 1 o-ol, ac, 2-sr. 11 pu'mila, w. M. b. u ss, few-f: c a: brh t: 1 nr-ln, sr ab. 2—3£ 12 depressa, w. M. b. u few-f: c ot: brh an, prt: 1 wd-ln, rt sr, g, gl be: fru o. Is this a variety of pumila? 13 susquehanna, w. M. b. pd si: 1 ob-olT gl be, sr, en at base. 14 mollis, Tp. brh, 1 pd pu: u ss, 2-3-f: 1 o, ac, 2-to-sr: sti se, dt. 15 littoralis, w. M. b. u cid, few-f: pd c sub-pu: 1 ov, a, sr, ve pu un. 16 cerasifera, w. b. pd si: 1 ov, g: fru pnd: brh thornless. 17 spinosa, Tp. pd si: 1 ln-ov, pu be: brh thorny. E. Sloe. 18 cerasus, w. r. b- u sub-pd: 1 ln-o, g, conduplicate. Cherry. 19 padus, w. M. b. f r, lax: 12-sr, sub-rg, pe,2-gld. 20 avium, w. b. u ss: 1 ln-o, pu be. Conclupliate. Bird cherry. 21 domestica, w. M. b. pd sub-sl: 1 ln-o: brh thornless. Plum. 22 caroliniana, w. Ap. Tp. f r: 1 ln-ol, mT sr en, gld so. S. 23 semperflorens, b. r 1, pnd: c sr: 1 o, sr, g, gld at base. 24 hirsuta, Ap. b. 1 ov, sr, w gld? un surf, c, pd pehir. 3—4£ 25 umbellata, w. M. b. u tm, my-f: 1 In, sub-ac, sr, g, with 2 gld at base: c pu. 17* 198 psamma, pulmonaria. Psam'ma. 3—2. 10 Gr. psammos, sand. 1 arenaria, Au. 2f. pn sk c a: co thrice lgasch: linv. 2—3 £ Psilo'tum. 21—I. 5. Gr.psilos, naked. 1 triquetrum, 3. 2f. stna, die, brh 3-an. S. Psora'lea. 16—10. 93. Gr. psoraleos, senrfy. Bread-root. 1 esculenta, b. 3. 2f. v: 1 q; 1 In, uneq; flat, en: sk ax, dense-f: di ofc In, shco: le ensi, beak: ro fu. 12—18 i. 2 incana, b. Ju. 2f. silky-tom: 1 q ter; 1 ln-ol: sk tm, int: bt o, ac: f op ss. 12 i. 3 physodes, g: 1 3, 5 pa, br rh-o, a, m, gld, tm lg-pe: r pd, lax, ax, lg 1. 4 lanceolata. w-b. Au. 2f. sub-pu: st e, brh: 1 ter; 1 ov ln-ov, ot, sub- m: pd lg 1: sk capitate, my-f: bt caducous: teeth c sml, ot. If. 5 latifolia. 3. 2f. 1 ter; 1 br-o, ac, g, cil on mr: tm lg-pe: pd ax: sk lax- f, el: bt caducous: eg: teeth a. 2—3 £ 6 canescens, y. 3. 21-1 ter, sh-pe, br-ln: sk lax-f: f pd. 2—3£ S. 7 tenuiflora, b. S. 2f. pu, brh: 1 ter; 1 ov, rg-pntboth sides: pd ax. 2 £ 8 lupinella, p. J. 2f? g: 1 digitate, lg-pe; lfi: r my-f, lg 1: le rg. 2 £ 9 longfolia, 2f. silky-v: Iter; 1 lg-li: sk ax, pd lax-f, sh 1. 10 cuspidata, 2f. v: 1 q; lob, m, en: sk ax, dense: diofc bto, pte. 11 onobnjehis, st so, 1 ter; 1 ln-o, sub-pu: r ax, lg-pd: f 1-sided: le sub-o, m, so. 3—5 £ 12 virgala, b. 2f • st sub-pu: 1 si, ln-li: skax, sh 1. 2 £ 13 melilotoides, p. 3. 21? sub-pu: 1 ter; 1 ln-ol: sk ol: bt br-cor, lg-ac: le rd, n, rg. 1—2 £ 14 eglandulosa, pJ. 2f. pu, w gld: 1 ter, ln-ol: sk ol: bt br-ln, lgac, c v. 15 multijuga, p. 3. st brh: lpnt; 1 nm, (9-10 pa,) ln-ol, ot, pu. 1—S £ 16 jamesii, 1 ter; 1 ob, ot, wd at base, en both sides silky: pe pu: sk capitate: bt ol, ac: c hir: teeth sb, eq. 4 i. Psycho'tria. 5—1. 57. Gr. psuchos, cool, otruno, to excite. 1 lanceolota, b. brh 1 red-h be: 1 In, ac at both ends: sti els, rd cadu- cous: cmb tm, 3-forked at base. S. Pte'lea. 4—1. 94. Gr. ptela,, elm. 1 trifoliata, g-w. J. b. Her; fpn, die. Var. Iq 6—8 £ 2 mouophylla, 1 si, ln-o: sub-ss: fru 3-winged. S. Pte'ris. 21—1. 5. Gr. pteron, or pterux, a wing. 1 aqualina, O. Ju. 2f. fr pnt, 3-par: brh 2-pnt, lln-li, ot-pnt, to; fer brh pn*, 1 pnt; dia, all cil. 2 atropurpurea, O. Ju. 2f. fr pnt: lower 1 In, ot, ter or pnt; at base ot tru sub-cor. Var. 1 ve be: stipe an. 3 to 10 i. 3 punctata, 1 pte be: stipe t. 3—10 i. 4 gracilis, Ju. 2f. fr pnt: lln, ot, al, ss; lower pnt; fer en; bar ere. 4i. 5 caudata. Au. 2f. fr 3-par put: brh 2-pnt: 1 li, el, ot, en; lower pnt: fer brh pnt: 1 rt below, base pnt-to. 6 pedata, Ju. 2f. fr5-lo-pal; lo pnt; di ln-li, a. 6 i. S. Pterocau'lon. 17—2. 55. Gr. pteron, a wing, and kaulos, a stem. Black root. 1 pyenostachya, w. Au. 2f. st wi: 1 In, tom be, en: sk cy. S. Pterospo'ra. 10—1. 51. Gr. pteron, a wing, spora, a seed. Albany beech-drops. 1 andromeda, r-y. Ju. 0. scp tall, my-f r: fit and tm, no, bt: 1-3 £ Pulmona'ria. 5—1. 43. Lat. pulmones, tne lungs. Lung-wort 4 I virginica, h. M. 2f. so: st e: c sh tube ofco: rad 1 ol-ob, ot; cau nr. PT/LMONARIA, QTJER'CUS. 199 "H paniculata, b-w. J. hir, e; 1 o-ol, ac: fpn: c sh: 5 par. 3 alpina, 3. b. 2f. g: st si: 1 spt-o: lower a; up ac, pilose ab. 6 i. 4 officinalis, lung-wort. b. M. ft. rad 1 hr-o, hir: f r. E. 5 lanceolata, b. w. 2f. g, e: rad 1 lg-pe, In; cau li-ol: fpn: c sh. S. 6 ciliata, b. g, e? 1 ln-o, cil on mr: f fas-pn, pd; co bl: c sh, 5 par. 1 £ Pu'nica. 11—1. 92. Lat. punicus, Carthaginian. 1 grana'tum, Tp, Un: st woody. E. Pycnan'themum. 13—1. 42. Gr. puknos, dense, and anthos, flower. Basil, mountain mint. 1 inca'num, O. w. r. Ju. 2f. 1 ol-o, a, sub-sr, d, fin com hd. 1-3£ 2 aristatum, w. Au. 2f. 1 ln-o, sub-sr, sh-pe, sm d: hd ss, tm, bt awned. 3 linifolium, w. Ju. 2f. g: 1 li, 3-n, en, pte, a; hd tm, sub-cmb. 1-2 £ 4 virginicum, O. w. 3. 2f. pu: 1 ss, ln-li, entire, pte: hd tm. 12-18 i. 5 muticum, w. Ju. 21. 1 ln-o, sub-dte .sub-g: hd tm: bt In, a. 18—24 i. 6 verticillatum, w. 3. 2f. 1 ln-o, en orrt sub-dte, pu, bt ac. 18—24 i. 7 montanum, p. 2f. 1 ln-ov, sr, sub-ss, hd ss: bt cil, ac: c e, sh te. 1 £ 8 monardellum, w-r. Ju. 2f. pu: 1 pe, sub-cor-ov, sr, bt lr, cl, c b. 2-3 £ 9 nudum, g: st si: 1 ol-o, en, ss: hd pd, few-f. na: s ex. 2 £ 10 pilosum, 1 ss, In, tom be, os to: hd lr,tm: ln-o, bt, c, tom. 18-24 i. Py'rola. 10—1. 51. Lat. pyrus, pear. Pear-leaf. Shin-leaf. 1 rotundifolia, O. w. J. 2f. p re: 1 rd or br-ov, os sr, sub-cr. 6—12 i. 2 clliptica, w. 3. 21- p re: 1 mem, ol-ov or o, sr, a: llgpe. 6-10 i. 3 asarfolia, g-w. Ju. 2f. p re: 1 sub-ren, em, cr, lami sh pe. 6-8 i. 4 dentata, p re: 1 ob or ov, ve, rt and ot to: scp straight, an, na. 6 i. 5 picta, style decclined: 1 o, sub-sr, fleshy, brh ve and spotted. 6 a.phylla, scp l-less, scaly mem: scp an, p re. 7 minor, w-r. Ju. style straight: 1 rd-ov, sr: scp sub-na: sk f reversed. 8 secunda, O. g-w. Ju. 2f • style straight: 1 rd-o, a, sr, r 1-sided. 6-8 i. 9 uniflora, 3. 2f. sryle straight: 1 sub-or, cre-sr: scp 1-f. Py'rus. 11—5. 92. Lat. pyrus, pear, Celtic, peren. Apple 4. Pear 3. Quince 5. Crab 1. 1 coronaria, O. w-r. M. b • 1 br, base rd, sub-an or sub-lo, sr, so, cmb. 2 angustfolia, Tp. 1 ln-ol, at base a: slightly cre-to, shining, pd cmb. 3 commu'nis, w-r. M. b. lo, sr: pdemb. V.pyraster, dwarf. V.falerna, burgamot. V. pompeiana, good christian. E. 4 malus, w-r. M. b. fin ss u: 1 o-ol, ac, sr, g: claws of pt sh c: styles g. V. sylvestris, wild apple. V. prasomila, pippin. V. castaneal chesnut-apple. V. apiosa, ape-apple. V. cavillae, cornered apple. 5 cydonia, w. J. b. f si: fru tom: 1 o. en. Remark. The varieties into which the above species have been ex- tended by culture, are very numerous. I have given those only which are set down by Persoon as the most distinct. Quer'cus. 19—12. 99. Celtic quer, excellent, and cuez, tree. Oak. 1 phellos, M. b • 1 ln-li, ta to both ends, en, g, m. 30—60 £ 2 imbricaria, Tp. 1 ol, a at both ends, m, pu be: c saucer-form. 40-50 £ 3 heterophylla, M. b. 1 lg pe, ln-o or ol, en, uneq to: c hem. 4 agrifolia, b. 1 rd-o, snb-cor, g sides, rtsp-to: chem: acoru o-a. 5 trilobla, p. 1 wd.ol, aat base, sub-3-lo at apex: lo eq, m. 20—40£ 6 aquatica, Tp. 1 wd-o, g, en: apex 3-lo, intermediate lo lg: 30-40£ 7 nigra, Tp. 1 cr, wd, sub-cor at base, spr re-3-lo at apex: young state m. 8 tinctoria, O. M. b. 1 ob, ol, sin, pu be: lo ol, ot, ot dte. 60-70 £ 9 discolor, O. M. b. 1 ol, sin-pnt, pu be: lo ol, to, se. 60-70 £ 10 coccin'ea, O. M. b. 1 lg-pe, ol, sin, g: lodiv, to, a, se-m: c scales. 200 QUERCUS, ranunculus. 11 ambigua, Tp. 1 sin, g, a base: lo sub-a: c saucer-form, acorn turgid. 12 rubra, O. M. b. 1 lg-pe, ol, g, ot sin: lo a, to, se-m. 70—80 £ 13 catesbaei, b. 1 sh pe, wd at base, ol, cr, g, sin; lo dlv-a. 15—30 £ Wfalcata, T-. 1 lg-pe at base, ot, d be, 3 lo or sin: lo sub-fal' 70-80 £ 15 palustrislO. M. b. 1 lg-pe: ol, sin, g; ax ofve v be. 40—60 £ 16 ilicifolia, O. M. b. 1 lg-pe, wd-ob, 4 or 5-lo, mr en, d be. 2—9 £ 17 obtusiloba, b. 1 ol, sin, wd at base, pu be: lo ot, up di 2-lo. 30-50 £ 18 macrocarpa, Tp. 1 d be, ly-sin-lo; lo ot, re, up dilated: cfringed. 19 oUvaformis, O. M. b. 1 ol, g, gl be, uneq sin pnt: c fringed. 20 alba, O. M. b.T ol, sin-pnt, pu be; lo ot, en, nr at base. 70-80 £ 21 prinos, M. b. 1 lg-pe, ob, a, pu be, to; eq, spr, cr at apex, c ta. 22 chin'quapin, O. M. b. i sh-pe, ob, at base a, to, gl be, cr tip. 3-4 £ 23 montana, M. b. 1 pe, br ob, ol, d be, g ab; base to. 30—40^. 24 castanea, M. b. 1 lg pe, ln-ol, ot base, ac, d be, to. 60—70 i. 25 bicolor, Tp. 1 sh pe, ol-ob, white-d be, to, en at base, fru pa. 60-70 £ 26 maritima, Ap. b. 1 cr, In, en, g, ta at base, a at apex, c pd. 4-10 £ S. 27 pu'mila, Ap. b. 1 ln-ol, gab, tom: a, m at apex. 2 £ 28 myrtifolia, Tp. 1 cr, sml, ol-o, unawn, a, g ab mr re. 29 virens, O. M. b. 1 cr, ol-ov, en, rev mr, at base ot, at apex a. 40-60 f 30 cinerea, Ap. b • 1 cr, ln-ol, en re mr, m at summit, tom be. 20 £ 31 laurifolia, Ap. b • 1 g, ss, ln-ol, sub-a, ta at base, en. 40—50 £ 32 hemispherica, b. 1 ln-ol, undi, 3-lo, sin; lo m: g both sides. 33 nana, M. b. 1 wd, g, 3-lo at top, sub-sin at base; lo div, m ve pu. 34 lyrata, Ap. b. 1 ol, sin, g; lo ol, sub-a; up br, an. 60—70 £ 35 mivhauxii, Ap. b. 1 pe, ob, ot at base, uneq to, sin, torn be. 50-60 £ 36 undulata, Tp. fru, brh: 1 sh-pe, ol, ot, cr, re-to, eqbase, tom be, g ab. Quer'ia. 5—1. 30. Don Joseph Quer. Fork chickweek. 1 canadensis, O. w. Ju. 2f. st die, brh, spr: 1 ov, In, g, e. 6—8 i. 2 dichotoma, O. S. 2f. ces, pc, g: 1 li, a, 2 groves eaeh side. S. 3 herniarioides, Ju. 21. prt, all pu: 1 ol-ov, cil, m: di ofc sb, spr, ee. 4 argyrocoma, 2f. ces, pc: st pu: 1 li, a, sub-pilose: hd fas, tm. 5 sessiliflora, Ju. ces, brh: 1 g, short, li, rfa: sti sb eq 1: ftm, ss. Racord'ium. 21—6. 1. Gr. rakos, a rag. 1 xylostroma, br soft, yellow, spr among cleavages of wood. Ranun'culus. 12—13. 61. Gr. rana, a frog. Crow-foot. 1 lingualis, y, Ju. 21, h c-p: 1 In, sub-dt, ac, sub-ss: st e, my-f. 2 flammulus, y. Ju. 2f. gst pnd: 1 nr In, a, en, dnt, lower pe. 1—3 £ 3 pusillus, y. Ju. 2f. g: 1 pe: lower o, to; up ln-li, bt: pd al. 6—12 i. 4 filformis, w-y. J. 21- g, sml: st fi, crp, 1-f: fax, pd: pt 5—8. 5 cymbalarhis, w-y. J. 21- g, sml, fi, crp, ro at jt: 1 hr-ren, cre-dn. 6 glaberrimus, 1 all pe; rad rd, en to; cau wd 2-fid: pt lgc. 7 abor'tivus, O. y. M. 2f. g: st striate, na below: lad 1 hr-ren, ot ere. 8 sceleratus, O. y. J. 21- g: lower 1 pal, up ss dg: fru ol. 12—18 i. 9 auricomus, y. M. 2f. pu: rad 1 ren, 3-par, gh-cre; cau ss, li: stmy-f. 10 pygmae'us, y. J. 21. sml, g: rad 1 sub-cor-ren, gh-to; cau ss; di li. 11 pennsylvanicus, y. Ju. 2f. st pilose, e, brh: 1 ter, 3-cleft. ]__2 £ 12 fasicularis, O. y. M. 2f. pu: up 1 sub-li; rad ter orsub-pnt. 6-10 i. 13 bulbosus, y. M. 2f. hir: 1 ter, 3-cleft, gh to: st e, my-f. 1__2 £ 14 hirsutus, y. Ju. 2f. hir: 1 ter: ste, my-f: pd sulcate: c rx, ac. 15 rcp'ens, y. M. 2f. sub-pu: 1 ter; 1 wd, gh-to, 3-lo, st prt. 16 prostratus, y M. 21. 1 ter, 3-cleft, h, h c-p; up 1 In: st pt, crp. 17 acris, butter cup. O. y. M. 2f. b c-p: 1 3-par, my-cleft, up li." 1-2 f. RANUNCULUS, RHEUM. 201 18 lanuginosus, y. 3. 21- hir: 13-cleft, lo, to, silky: pdel, t, c spr. 19 ovalis, pu: rad 1 cor, tru base, ov, en, split ere; cau sub-ss, dg. 20 affinis, rad 1 dg-my-cleft, pe; cau sub-ss; loallli: ste, 1-2-f. 21 rhomboideus, hir; rad 1 rh, undi, sr; cau pal; f di: c spr, h. 22 marylandicus, w-y. 21- pu: st si. sub-na: rad 1 ter; 13-lo; lo a, gh. 23 recurvatus, y-w. J. 21- pu: 1 3-lo, wd at base, gh at apex, a. 1-2 fi 24 hispid us, w-y. J. 21. hir, e, sm brh: 1 ter; la lo: st few-f, c cp. If. 25 aqual'dis,w. Ju. 2f. leap; emersed peltate, submersed, cap. 2b flavial'ilis, O. w-y. M. 0. st sub-mersed: 1 cap, die. ~7 mu/tifiddts, y. 2f. 1 3-par, my-cleft; di gh, apx: st swim, pt lg c. 28 lacus'tris, y. M.2f. 1 sum al, dich di in nm cap seg, els emm sti. 2-5 f. 29 nivalis, 1 5-]o, en; cau ss, digitate: stl-f. 30 lapponicus, 1 3-par, lo, ot: st na, 1-f. 31 hypcrbo'reiis, 1 3-lo: lo ol, div; st fi, crp. 32 brericaalis, pu: radl all hr-ov, en; cau ere, my-cleft, pal: ste, pt 6. 33 cardioplujllas. hir: radl rd-cor, em at base, cau my-cleft, pal; ptlgc. 34 eschscholtzii, 1 cil, rad pe, par lo: st sm 2-f: c hir, sh pt: fru oblique. 3o pedatifidus, 1 h; rad pe, pal or pedate, di en li lo: scp na, ex, 1-f. 36 orthorhi/n'chus, cp, h: st e, ram lab: rad 1 pe, ter: 1 li-my-cleft. 37 nutans, st prt: 1 hr-ren: lo apx, os ere and to: di ofc ov. 3S. hederaccus, Ju. 2f. st crp: 1 sub-ren, 3—5 lo; lo br, en, ot. S. 39 oblongfolius, y. 3. 2f. 1 pe, dt: lower ol-ov; up ln-li: st brh. 1-2 £ 40 nitidtis.y. Ap. 2f. 1 3-par; seg uneq 3-cleft, In, gh, to, g. 1—2 £ 41 palmatus, M. pilose; hc-p: lpe; rad pal; 3-par; lo dn. 12—18 i. 42 caroUnianus, st e, brh, pe ap-pu: 1 g, 3-cleft or 5-lo; lo o, sm gh. 43 trachyspec'mus, y. M. st, pe and 1 v, hspr: 1 3-cleft; lo a gh. 12-15f 44 muricatus, y. Ap. 0. 1 g, pe, rd, 3-lo, to: st e or diffnse. 12—18 i. 45 tomentosus, y. 2f. st as, 1—2-f, v, hsbr: 1 pn, tom, 3-cleft; up ss, o. 46 sep/eutrionalis, y. 2f. g: 1 mem, g, ter; 1 sm 3-lo, gh, a, c rx. 47 cchinatus, y. g, si: 1 si rd, 3-lo: pt twice as lg as c. 48 callinus, Ap. 1 all rad, pu, pe, 3-5-cieft: scp v, 1-f, lg 1. 1—2 i. Raph'anus. 14—2. 63. Gr. ra, quickly, and phainomai, to appear. Radish. Charlock. 1 raphanistrum, y. Au. 1 ly: siliques t, jt, so, 1-celled. E. 2 sativus, w. J. 0. 1 ly: silique t, torose, 2-celled. Rese'da. 12—3. 64. Lat. resedo, to appease. Mignonette 1. Dyer's weed 2. 1 odorata, w-y. Ju. 0. len3-lo: c eq co. 2 luteo'la, y. Au. 0. 1 In, en, to each side base: c 4-cleft: f sk. Rham'nus. 5—1. 95. Gr. ramnos, white thorn; Celtic ram, tuft.— Dwarf alder 1. Buckthorn 2. 1 franguloidca, O. w-g. Tp. unarm: 1 ov, ac, sr, pu at n be: pd aggre. 2 cathartica, Tp. therns tm: f 4-cleft, die: 1 o, sr. 3 alnifolia, Tp. unarm: 1 ov, dt, sh-ac, sinus at base, cor, pu at n be. 4 caroliniana, O. J, b. unarm:, lai, ov-ol, sub-en, ribbed, g. 4—6£ 5 Innceolata, Tp. unarm, shrubby: 1 In, sr, a each end, pu be. Ber black. 6 minuliflora, Oc. b. unarmed: 1 op, ov, sr: f minute, di sk, al ss rach. 7 volubilis, brh g, sm twining: 1 ov, m, sub-undulate: fdie, 5-pt. Rhe'um. 9—3. 28. Gr. red, to flow. Pie rhubarb. 1 palmatum, 3. 2f. 1 pal, ac. E. 3 rhaponticum, w. J. 2f • 1 hr-o, ot a, so; ve sub-pilose be: llg. 2—4 £ 202 RHEXIA, RHYNCHOSPORA. Rhexia. 8—1. 90. Gr. rexis, rupture. Deer-grass. 1 virginica, p. Ju. 2f. st wi:an: 1 ss, ln-o, cil-sr: cmb die. 1—2 £ 2 mariana, w-r. Ju. 2f. st andl hir: 1 sub-pe, ln-ov or ln-li. 1—2 £ 3 ciliosa, p. Ju. 21- st quadran, g: 1 sub-pe, ln-o, sr, cil, g be. 18 i. 4 serrulata, p. Au. stso: 1 sml, pe, rd-ov, a, so both sides. 6-10 L S. 5 glabella, p. g: st t: 1 In, o, 3-n, dt, gl: c glutinous. 2—3£ 6 stricta, p. J. 2f. st e, wi, g, b at jt: 1 ss, nr-ln, ac, 3-n, g both sides. 7 lutea, y. Ju. 0. hir: 1 ln-li, sm wd at base, 3-n: pn py. 18 i. 8 linearfolia, y. st t, sub-pu: lai, li, ol, ot, ss, pu both sides: f sub-sl. 9 angustfolia, w. Ju. 21- hir: Hi, ln-li: rocrp. Rhinan'thus. 13—2. 36. Gr. rin, nose, and anthos, flower. Yellow rattle. 1 crista-galli, y. 3. 0. up lip co vaulted: c so: 1 In, sr. 1 £ Rhizophora. 12—1. 91. Gr. riza, root, and phero, to carry. Man- grove. 1 mangle, b. la, o, op: pdax, fru clavate-sb. Rhododen'dron. 10—1. 50. Gr. rodon, rose, dendron, tree. Rosebay. I maximum, r. Ju. b. 1 ol, gbe: u tm, dense: co sm bl. 2 lapponicum, Ap. Ju. b • 1 ellip, pt rg. 8—10 i. 3 ponticum, p. b. 1 ol, g, both sides cl: cmb tm: co bl: pt In. E. 4 punctatum, r. Ju. b 1 ln-ov, g, with dots be: u tm: c fun. 3-4 £ S. b catawbiense, r. J. b. 1 sh-ov, rd-ot each end: u tm: seg ofc nr. 3-4 f. Rhodora. 10—1. 50. Gr. rodon, a rose. False honeysuckle. 1 canadensis, b. r. M. b.lov, en, gl-pube. f tm u. 2£ Rhus. 5—3. 94. Gr. rous, Celtic rhudd or rub, red. Sumach. Ivy. 1 typhin'a, O. y. g. Ju. b. brh pe v: 1 pnt, my-pa; 1 ln-ol, sr. 8-15 £ 2 glabra, O. g. r. Ju. b. brh, pe and 1 g: 1 pnt, my-pa; 1 ln-ol, sr. 12 £ 3 virdifiora, y-g. Ju. b. g: 1 pnt in my-pa; 1 ln-ol, sr, sub-torn be. 4 copallina, y-g. Jn. Tp. 1 pnt, main pe jt-wi; 1 ln-ov, en. 3-12 f. 5 vernix, y-g. b. g: 1 pnt, my-p; 1 ov, ac, en: pew wi, pn lax. 8-15 £ 6 toxicodendrom, g. Ju. b. ro: 1 ter; 1 ov, en orsin-cre: r brh, ax. 7 aromatica, y. M. b. 1 ss, gh-cre, pu be, middle rh, 1 rh-o. Aments. 8 cot'inus, aaron's beard, p-g, Ju. b. 1 si, ob, o: pn r plumose. E. 9 pumila, Ju. b. low: brh and pe pu: 1 ov, gh-to, tom be: fru d. 1 f S. Rhynchos'pora. 3—1. 9. Gr. runchos, beak of a bird, and spora, seed 1 alba, Ju. 2f. sk cmb-fas: culm trian ab: 1 se: seed sm lent. 12-18 i. 2 fusca, culm 3-an: 1 li: fas of sk al, pd: sk o: glu o, ke. 2 £ S glomerata, 3. 2f. sk cmb-fas, rt in pa: culm ot trian: 1 flat. 12-18 i. 4 copillacea, Ju. sk 3—5, tm: culm 3-an, sm 1: 1 se: seed sti sub-rg. 5 sparsa, Ju. culm 3-an, 1: cmb ax and tm, com, lax, pd cap. 18 i. 6 cymosa, Ju. culm 3-an, 1: cymes tm, ax; tm lr: seed rd-o. 12—18 i. 7 laxa. culm 3-an: cmb 1, dc, beaked: sk sb: seed ob, lg style. 3—6£ 8 variflora, M. 21. culm and 1 se: pn loose, few-f: seed ob, rg. 1 £ S. 9 inexpansa, Ju. culm 3-an: pn rt, pndi seed ol, rg: brs sea. 2 £ 10 fascicularis, f fas, It and tm: bt sh: sk ol: scales m, brs lg, 11 distans, Ju. culm 3-an: fas off distant; seed fur: brs se, 12^—20 i. 12 ciliata, 21. sk cmb-fas, tm: bt and 1 ot, cil. 13 plumosa, Ju. culm 3-an: 1 li: ftm, crd: bt awned. 8—12 i. 14 punctata, fas It and tm, apx at summit: seeds rg, dotted. 1—.12 £ 15 cadaca, culm 3-an: pn ax, e: sk ss: seed rg: brs twice lg as seed. 16 teres, Ju. kulm t: Hi: pn cyme-like, f crd: seed g: brs se. 1—3 f. RIBES, ROSA. 203 Ri'bes. 5—4. 85. Arabian name. Current, Gooseberry 11. 1 flo'rtdum, O. M. b. unarmed: 1 pte both sides: r pnd. 3—4 £ * atbinervium, g-y. M. b. unarmed: 1 a lo, so: n white: i re. 3 tn'fidum, y-g. unarmed: I lo, g ab, pu be: r lax, pu: f flat. 4 ngens, Tp. unarmed: 1 alo, to, rg, pube: rlax, e: bersub-his, red. & glandulosum, r-y. M. b. unarmed: brh prt: 1 lo, so. 2—3 £ b sanguineum, r. p. Mar. b. unarmed: 1 cor, 3-lo, sr, gab, tom be. 7 aureum, y. Ap. b. unarmed, g: 1 3-lo; lo with few gh-teeth 8 laxiflorum, y. Tp. unarmed: 1 cor, 5-lo, gh-to, g: r lax, e, lg as L 9 htrtellum, g. M. b. sp sml, sub-ax: brh snb-his: 1 sml, sm 3-fid. 10 gracile, M. b. sp sml, sub-ax: 1 pe, pu both sides: lo a. 2—3 f. 11 triflorum, g. M. b. sp sub-ax: 1 g, 3—5-lo, gh-to: pd sub-3-f. 3-4 £ 12 oxyacanthoides, Tp. fr sub-sl pk, sm sc: 1 g, to lo: pd sh, 2-f. 3 £ 13 lacuttris, g-y. M. Tp. sub-ax sp few: sthis, 1 lo. 3—4 £ 14 cynos'bati, g. M. Tp. sub-ax sp in pa: 1 sh-Jo, gh-to, softpu, c bl. 15 speciosum, p. b. un buds3-plaited: 1 wd-rd, gh ere, g, sh pe. 3--f 16 menzicsii, r. p. b. un buds 3-plaited-pk: brh his: 1 tru at base. 17 rubrum, g. M. b. unarmed: r g, no: co flal: pt obcor. 2—4£ E, 18 nigrum, g. M. b. unarmed: 1 pt be: r lax: fbl: btsh pd. 19 grossula'ria, g. M. b. brh pk: pe h: bt 2-1: berry g or hir. 2—At 20 uva-crispa, g. M. b. brh pk: ber g: pd 1-1 bt. 21 resinosum, g. Ap. b. unarmed, gld h: 1 3—5-lo,c flat, r e. S. 22 viscosissimum, y. J. b. unarmed, viscid: 1 cor, ot 3-lo, sr, c tu, 23 rotundfolium, Tp. Sp sub-ax: 1 rd, sub-pu: lrd-ot: pd 1-f. Ri'cinus. 19—15. 96. Lat. ricinus, a tick. Caster oil, palma christl. i communis, 0. 1 pal: lo In, sr: st hoary mealiness. 4—6 £ E. Ric'cia. 21—3. 3. Ricci a botanist of Floience. Fork-stems 2. 1 nutans, O. Ju. fr ob-cor, apexes forming sectors of circles, flat, rad be flat with sh flat ro cl sea-green. 1—2 i. Floating liver-wort. 2 fluitans, O. J. die li sub-cy, so, cloven at tip, cellular. 2 or 3 i lg, Rivi'na. 4—1. 29. Rivinus, a German botanist. 1 laevis, r si: 1 o, ac, g, flat: st t. 2 humilis, h. r si: ftetran: 1 pu. S. Robinia. 16—10. 93. John Robin. Locust tree. 1 paseudo-cacia, w. M. b. lpnt, tm 1: rpnd: teethof c unawn. 30-40 £ 2 viscosa, Ju. Tp.i 1-f pedicels: 1 pnt, tm 1: brh and le viscous gld. S- 8 hispida, Ap. r. b. r sub-ax, e: c ac: st unarmed; plant his: 1 pnt. Rochelia. 5—1. 43. 1 virginiana, w-b. J. 0. pilose: 1 ln-ol, ac, sea ab: r div; seed hooked. 2 lappula, b. Ju. 0. his: seeds pk, b: 1 li-ol: st brh ab. 12—18 i. 8 glomerata, w. J. ft. hir: seeds rg: 1 li-spt: sk pd, ax. 6—12i, 9. Ro's4. 11—13. 92. Celtic rhos, or rhudd, red. Rose. 1 blanda, Ju. b. gm glo, pd his: 1 (7,) ol, sub-eq sr, g: pe g, sm pk, 2 paryijhra, O. r. w. b. gm glo: gm and pd his: pe pu, stg. 1__3f 8 nitida, r. Ju. b. gm glo: c, pd and brh his: pe sub-pilose, 1 7, g. d lucida, r. Ju. b. gm glo: gm and pd sub-his: pe g: st g, pk. 4__6 £ 5 gemella, r. Ju. Tp. gm glo: gm and pd g: fsm in pa: 1 ol, a, pe pn» 6 Carolina, O. r-w. Ju. b. gm glo: gm and pd his, g: pe h, pk, stg. 7 rubifolia. r. Ju. b. gm andpd gld-his: st so: pk sh, si: lpe. 6—8% 8 rubiginosa, r. J. Tp. gm o: pd and pe gld-his. pe sm pk: stg; 1 5-7. 9 micrantha, r-w. J. b. gm o: gm and pdsmhis: pk hooked. 4-C 10 &ayi, Tp. gm ol-o, so: di of c e, spr at summit, v, lg gm: pd rigid, 204 ROSA, RUBUS. 11 canina, Tp. gmo: gm and pd g: st an pe pk: 1 o, g. E. 12 gallica, r. J. b. gmo: gm and pd his: stand pe his-pk. 13 damasccna, w. r. J. b. c half-pn: gm o, brs: st and pe pk. 14 musco'sa, r. Au. b. gm o: c, pd, pe and brh his, viscid. 15 moschata, b- gm o: gm pd v: st pe pk: 1 ol, ac, g: pn my-f. 15 burgundiaca, b. gm sub-glo: gm pd his: lo, pu be: co sml. 17 semperfiorens, Tp. gm o-ol, ta both ends: gm pd his: st pk: f e cmb. 18 alba, w. J. b. gm o, g his: st pe pk: 1 o, vbe. 19 pimpincllfolia, r b. gm glo: gm pd g: st sc pk: 1 ot: pe sea. 20 cenlfolia, r. b. gmo: gm pd his: st his, pk: lpube: pe unarm. 21 cinnamo'mea, b. gm glo: gm pd g: st sti pk: pe sm unarm: 1 ol. 22 miltiflora, b. gm o: gm pd unarm, v: st pe pk: 1 o: fsml, pn. 23 spinosissima, b. gm glo, g: pd his: st pe his. 24 parvfolia, b- sml: gmo, sub-g: pdgld: st pe pk: 1 rg, v be, o. g. 25 setige'ra, 3. \ . gm glo: pe ve pk: brh g: pk pa sc: 1 3-5, ac g: 1 c fringed brs. 5—^ f. S. 26 hutescens, y-w. J. b. gm glo: gm pd g: brh his-sp: 1 7, g, ov, ac-sr. 27 laevigata, w. Ap. b- gm ol, his: Iter; lln, sr, cr: fsltm. 5—20£ 28 lyo'nii, r. Ju. b • g sub-glo, g: pd his: pe sm pk: st g: pk sc: 1 3-5, o ol, a, sr, sub-g ab, tom be; up si: f sm in threes, sti li. 29 pendulum, r. J. T ■ unarm: gm ol: pd pe his: st brh g: tru pnd. Rosmarinus. 2—1. 42. Lat. ros, dew, and murinus, sea-shore. Rose- mary. 1 officinalis, Tp. 1 green both sides: whitish be, li, mr rev. E. Rottbol'lia. 3—2. 10. Dr. Christian Rottboll. 1 dimidiata, 2f. sk cp, li: fsecund: c 2-va. 2-f: out f s: in per. S. 2 cilata, culm e, tall: sk t, lg-pd: f pd secund: pd mr of rachis v. 3-4 f. 3 rugosa, culm e, 1: sk cy, si, ax, px: jt of rachis so, cy: va of perf rg; f bar em pe. Ru'bia. 4—1. 57. Lat. ruber, red. Madder. 1 tincto'ria, 1 In, in sixes: st pk, cli. Var. 1 in sixes, up in fours or pa. 2 brownci, y. 2d., his: 1 in fours, ov: pdsl, 1-f: st dc. S. Ru'bus. 11—13. 92. Lat. ruber, red. Raspberry. 1 ide'us, w. M. Tp. 1 q-pnt ter; 1 rh-o, ac, d be; pefur: st pk, his, f sub- pn. Var. brh g: st pe t: 1 ter: pd sm pk. 4—6 f. 2 villosus, O. w. J. b- pu, his pk: lin threes or fives; 1 o, ac, sr. 4—6f. Sfrondosus, 3. 2f. stpk, e: 1 ter q, pu si: r 1: pt or. 3—6 f. 4 stricrosus, O. w. J. b • unarm, his: 1 3, pnt-q, ov, at base otac, white- d be, tm sub-cor. Fru red, sweet. 5 setosus, w. 3. 21. st e, his: 1 ter or q, so green both sides. 6 cuncfolius, w. 3. Tp. brh, pe pd d, re pk: 1 dg, in threes or fives: 1 wd- ob, uneq to ab, d be: r tm, pn: pe 1-f. 7 canadensis, 3. Tp. g: 1 dg, in tens, fives & threes: 1 In, naboth sides. 8 occidentalis, O. w. g. b • brh pe gl pk: 1 ter, ov, ac, sub-lo 2-sr. 4-8 £ 9 hispidus, w. J. b. prt: st, pe pd his, with brs: 1 ter, gh-sr. na. 10 trivial is, O w J. b sg prt: pe pd a-his, pk re: sti sb: 1 ter or q, ol-ov, a, uneqsr, sub-pu: pesl, el. Var. or pt, sml so 1. H inermis, Tp. st, pe pd unarm: 1 ter, o, a, uneqsr, tom be; It 1 sm gh. 12 spectab'ilis, Tp. unarm, g. 1 ter, o, a, uneq 2-sr, pu be: pd tm, 1-f 13 odora'tus, r. J. b • unarm, e, his: 1 si, a 3 Or 5-lo: cmb tm, spr. 3-6£ 14 saxat'ilis, w. J. 2f. her, pu: st crp: 1 ter, rh, a, gh-to, na; tm one pe: f sm in threes: pd el. RUBUS, UUMEX. 205 15 obovalis, M. 2f. st his, stiff h: I ter, rd-ob, sr, na: sti se. 2—4 £ 16 sempervirens, w. 3. b. st prt, pk: Iter, ob, sr, shining. 17 arcticus, r, J. 2f. her, sml: st unarm, 1-f: Iter, g, otsr: ptrd, em. 18 acaulis, Ju. 2f. her, sml: st unarm, 1-f: 1 ter, sr: pt ol, en. 19 stellatus, p. 21- her, sml: st unarm, e, 1-f: 1 si, cor, 3-lo, rg-ve: ptln. 20 pedatus, w. 2f. her, sml, crp: 1 q, gh: pd fi, bt in middle: c g, rx. 21 chamoemorus, w. J. 2f. her, sml: st unarm, 1-f, e: 1 si, sub-ren, rd-lo. 22 parviflorus, w. b. unarm: 1 si, pal-lo: pd 2 or 3-f: fsml: seg c v, o, ac: pt ol-o. 23 deliciosus, p. b • st fru, brh, unarm: brh pe pu: 1 si, rd-cor, sh 3-5-lo, V*PU, rg: bt In, 1-to: f sub-cmb, tm: di c o-ol, ac, 1 at apex, sh pt. Rudbeck'ia. 17—3. 55. Rudbeck. Cone sunflower. 1 purpurea, p. Ju. 21 • 1 br-o, ta to base, rt to: cau 1 ln-o, ac. 3—5 £ 2 discolor, y. p. Au. 21- brh cmb, 1-f: pd na, el: 1 In, pilose: scales of c o, a: pt In, en, two-cl, lg c. 2 £ Sfulgida, p. Au. 2f. st his: brh el, 1-f: 1 ln-ol, dte, his. 2—3 £ 4 hirta, y. p. Ju. 2f. hir: st sub-ram, 1-f: pd na: 1 o-spt, 3-n, sr, h: scales of c im sh ray: ch ol, a. 2—3 £ 5 triloba, y. p. Au. 2f. his: stpn: brh div, my-f, 1: 1 In, ac ends. 4-5 £ 6 laciniata, O. y. Au, 2f. 1 pnt; 1 3-lo; up o: egret ere: st g. 5—10 £ 7 digitata, y. Au. 2f. lower 1 pnt; up si pnt; top 3-cleft. 4—8 £ 8 pinnata, y. p. Ju. 2f. 1 all pnt; 1 2-par, undi: egreten: st fur, his. 9 amplexfolia, y. Au. 0. g. 1 ln-ol. cor, els; lower sr. dkcy. S. 10 laevigata,, y. 2f. g: 1 ln-o, ac each end, 3-n, to: scales c In, lg ray. 11 spatulata, Au. ft. pu: st 1-f: lob spt, en: c spr, im: ray f 3-to. 12 aristata, y. st his: brh lg, cmb, 1-f: 1 ln-ol, sr, his: disk-hem. 13 radula, ft. st his, na gab: pd lg, 1-f: 1 o, his c im; scales o, ac cil. 14 subtomentosa, Au. 2f. sh pu, sub-tom: brh e, my-f: 1 ln-ol, a, sub-sr; 3-lo: scales ofc in, sh rays. 15 columnaris, r. Ju. 21- 1 pnt; 1 In, lr; rec el, cy. 1 £ 16 gracilis, pu: st 1-3-f: pd el: 1 spt-o, rt dt: c spr: disk conic. 17 tomentosa, y. Au. 21- sh-pu, sub-tom: brh e, virgate: 1 In, a, to en, sea; lower ter: scales ofc ln-li, sir-ray £ 3—4 £ 18 mollis, p. S. 21- st his, v, brh: 1 ss, ln-o, dt, soft-tom. 2—3£ Ruel'lia. 13—2. 39. John Ruelle. 1 strepens, w. p. Ju. 21 • e: 1 o, ln-o, wd, sh-pe, en re, sub-cil at base, so sub-pilose both sules: pdax, sh, 3-f: di ofc li, shtube ofco. 6-24 i. 2 ciliosa, O. w. p. J. 2f. e, brh, hir: 1 pe, ov, ol ln-ol, a ot, sm cu pe, en or re, sub-cil: pd ax, sh w, 1-3-f: di ofc half lg as tube co. 3-24 i. S. 3 tubiflora, w. 2f- e, sm brh, so hir: 1 sub-ss, ol, re en: pd ax, sh, 1-f: di ofc ln-li, third lg tube of co: co sub-eq, pu. 4 oblongfolia, b. p. Ju. 21- e, pu: 1 sub-en, ov ob, sub-ss, pdax, sh. Ru'mex. 6—3. 28. Lat. rumex, sorrel or dock. Dock, sorrel 9, pa- tience, or garden dock 12. 1 sanguineus, 3. 2f. va en, ol: 1 hr-ln, appendaged grain. 2—3 £ 2 crispus, O. Ju. 21. va of c o, en: 1 In, undulated a. 3 £ 2—3 £ 3 verticillalus, 3. 21- va en, sk l-less, f wr: 1 In-, she sti cy. 2 £ 4 britannicus, 3. 21- va en, grained: sk pn l-less: she sti os, torn* 2-3 f. 5 pallidas, 3. 2f. va o, en, lr grain: 1 ln-li, a. sk slender. 6 obtusifolius, O. J. 21. va to 1-grained: rad 1 hr-ol, ot: st sea. 2—4 £ 7 aquaticus, Ju. 2[. va o, en os-grained: 1 hr-ln a. 3—4 £ 8 acutus, 2f. va ol, sm to all-grained: 1 hr-ol, ac, wr 1. 2—3 £ 206 rumex, salicornia. 9 acetosellus, O. g. p. M. 2f. va w grains: 1 ln-has: f die. 6—12 i. 10 alpi'nus, va ve, en, na: 1 cor, ot, lr. 11 pulcher, Ju. 2f. va to one-grained; radl panduriform. E. 12 patientia, 2f. vaen, one grain-like appen: lln-o. 13 acetosus. 2f- st el: 1 ol, ar a, els. 14 persicarioides, 3. 0. va to, all grained: 1 In, en, pe. G—12 i. S. 15 crispatulus, va ot cor, 3-to; 1 na; 2 uneq gr: ski-less, lower 1 ov. 16 venosus, Ap. 2f- va lr, hr-ren, en, net-ve: 1 sml, ln-ov. 12 £ 17 divaricatus? Ju. 21. va to, bearing grain: 1 cor-ol, ot, pu. 1—2 £ 18 hastatulus, Ap. 2f • va rd-cor, en gr: 1 pe, hast-ol, en ot. 1—3 £ Rup'pia. 4—4. 7. Henry Bernard Ruppius. 1 maritima, 3. 2f. floating: 1 pectinate, ot: f sk. Ru'ta. 10—1. 81. Gr. rub, to preserve. Rue. 1 graveolens, 1 dec; 1 ol, tm ob: pt en. E. Sa'bal. 6—3. 11. Origin unknown. 1 pumila, Ju. b.l fan-form: seppn: f sub-ss, sml. 4—6 fi S. 2 minima, ro crp: stipe smpk: fr pal, sub-7-cleft? Fru brown hir. 8 i. Sabba'tia. 5—1. 46. Liberatus Sabbati. 1 gra'cilis, r. Ju. ft. brh lax, el, 1-f: 1 ov-li: di of c li, eq co. 1 £ 2 stellaris, r. Au. ft. e: brh die, el, 1-f: 1 In, a: di of c sb, half lg co: dicoob: stt. 12—18 i. 3 angularis,p Au, ft.e: 1 hr-o, els: fig pd, cmb: die ln-li. 1—2 fi 4 calycosa, r. Au. ft. e, few-f: 1 ol, ot, ss: fsl, 7-par: c 1: di In. 1 £ 5 chloroides, r. An. ft. lln, e: brh few, 1-f: f 7-13-par: di cli. 2—3£ 6 corymbosa, w. Au. 21- 1 o, a, ss: st sm an: f cmb: di c sb, sh co. Var. 1 li, ln-li: clg co. 1 £ 7 paniculata, w. Au. 21. brh: pn diffuse: 1 ln-li: st sub-t. 1—2f. 8 brachiata, r. Ju. 1 In: pnlg: brh bt, 3-f: co twice lg c. S. 9 gentianoides, r. Au. llg, li: fax, ss; up crd: co 10-par. Sac'charum. 3—2. 10. Lat. saccharum, Arabic soukar. 1 officinarum, fpn, pa, ss ped: co 1-va, awnless. S. cane. E. Sa'gi'na. 4—4. 82. Lat, sagino, to fatten. 1 procumbens, w. g. J. 2f. st prt, g: pt sh. Pearlwort. 3—4 i. 2 apetala, J. 0. st e, pu: f apt. Sagitta'ria. 19—12. 13. Lat. saggitta, an arrow. Arrow-head. 1 sagittfolixi, O. w. Ju. 2f. 1 ln-a: lo In, a, straight. 1—2 £ 2 hastata, w. Ju. 2f. 1 ln-ol, a: lo spr, In, lg-ac: scp si: bt c rd, ot. Var. 1 li, ot; lo spr, el, lj. 3 pubescens, w. Au. 2f. pu: 1 ol-o, a; lo o, ac, straight: scp si: bt rd. 4 obtusa, w. J. 21- 1 br-o, rd-ot, m: scp si: bt o, a: die. 5 heterophylla, O. w. Au. 2f • 1 si, li In, a both ends, ov, a, at base ot: spr, li: scp si, few-f: p f sub-ss: bt br-o, ac. 8-—12 i. 6 rigida, w. Ju. 2f. 1 nr-ln, ke, a both ends: scp ram. 7 graminea, w.'Ju. 2f. 1 li, lg, 3-n: scp si, few-f: bt ol, ot. 8 simplex, w. Ju. 2f• 1 ln-li, a, nr: scp si, my-f: bt c rd ot. 9 acutfqlia, w. Ju. 2f. 1 sb, she base: scp si, few-f: bt ac. 10 pusilla, Au. 0. 1 li, ot, sh; top f: scp si, sh 1: f few; p si. 1-3 i. 11 nutans, w. Ju. 21. 1 ln-ov, ot, 3-n, ta to base; sub-cor: scp si, few-f. 12 lancfoUa, w. J. 2f. 1 br-ln, a each end, g, cr: scp si: seed cp. 2-3 £ Salicor'nia. 1—1. 29. Lat. sal (salis) salt, cornu, a horn. Sam- phire. 1 herbacea, Au. 0. her, spr: jt cp at apex, em-bifid. 12—18 i. 2 mucronata, Au. 0. low, her: jt quadran bottom, cp tru at top. • SALICORNIA, SALIX. 207 3 ambigua, Ju. 2f. b ? prt: sml: sk al op: c tiu. Sa'lix. 20—1. 99. Lat salio, spring up, and Celtic sal, near, and lis, water. Willow. Weeping willow 24. 1 viminalis, y. Ap. b. 1 ln-li, lg ac, en, sub-undulate, d be: gld sc mr: sti sml: scales am rd, h: gm ss, o: style fi: stg a, undi. 2 can'dida, Ap. b. 1 ln-li, lg, os dt at apex, pu ab, d be. 3—4 £ 3 mu'hlenbergia'na, Ap. Tp. 1 In, a, sub-en, h, rg-ve be. 3—5 £ 4 tristis, Ap. b. 1 ln-li, a both ends, en; mr rx so ab, rg-ve d be. 3—4 £ 5 recurvata, Ap. b. 1 ln-ob, a, en; mr gld, g, gl be, sti none: re: scales black at apex; h lg of gm: gm o, sh pe. 2—3 £ 6 repens, Jb. crp: 1 ln-ov, en, a, g, sm silky be: am o, scales ob, ot, h, gm o-ol, pe, pu: style sh: stg2-lo: cpsg. White Hills. Small. 7 reticulata, 3. Tp. crp: 1 rd-ov, ot, en, g, net-ve, gibe: pd, dian. 8 vestita, 3. b. crp: 1 rd, en, g ab, net-ve, be lg, ap, silky h: stinone. 9 uva-ursi, Tp. lspt-ob, ot, en; mrgld, gab: sti none: amentsfafter 1, lax: scales ol, cil: gm o, pe, g: style 2-par: stg,2-lo. 10 cordfolia, Tp. dp: 1 ov, sub-a, cor at base, en, net-ve, g ab, pale be. 11 obovata, Tp. diffuse: 1 ob, ot, en, g ab, v be: stinone: aments fl- time, ss, ol, dian: scales ob. 12 planfolia, Tp. e, div: brh so: 1 ln-ol, a each end, sr in middle, g, spr, flat, disci: stinone.. 13 prostrata, Tp I w sti, ot dt, ov-a, gl-silky be: stprt. 14 pedicellaris, Ap. b. brh so: 1 ln-ob, a, en, both sides g, cl: sti none: aments fat 1, pd, g: scales ol, halflg pe: gm o-ol, g, lgpe: stgss. 15 lambertiana, Ap. b. 1 op, ln-ob, a, g, sub-sr at apex, disci: stinone: aments before 1: scard: fil: gm ss, ov-o, silky: style sh: stgjo. em. 16 rosma'rinifolia, Ap. b • 1 straight, ln-li, a both ends, en, sub-gld at mr, puab, silky be: sti nr-ln, e: aments 1, o, re: scales oi ot, cil. 17 fuscata, Ap. b. 1 ln-ob, a, g, sub-sr, gl be, pu young: sti nr. 18 conifera, Ap. Tp. 1 ln-ol, rt sr, a, g ab, flat, d be, first year g:- sti sub- dt: aments precede 1: scales In, ot, v: gm pd, In, silky. 4 to 8 £ 19 myricoides, Ap. Tp. 1 ln-ol, a, 2 glands at base, g, gl be: sti o, a, gld- sr: aments fat 1 time, v, 1 at base: scales In, ot, v, dark-cl. 20 prinoides, Ap. b. 1 ov-ol, r, rt sr, g, gibe: sti half-cor, gh-to. a- ments precede 1, v, gm pd, o, ac: style lg: stg 2-cleft. 6-8 £ 21 discolor, Ap. b. 1 ol, ot, g, rt sr, en at apex, gl be: sti caducous, In, sr: aments f near 1 time, ol, d: scales ol, a, h: stg 2-parted. 22 angustata, Ap. b. 1 In, a, lg, ta to base, sr, g, both sides cl: sti cor: aments precede 1, e, so: gm pd, o, g: style 2-cleft: stg 2-lo. 23 longifolia, b. 1 li, ac both ends, el, rt dt, g, both sides cl alike:, sti nr-ln, dt: aments f after 1, pd, d; scales flat, re: fi b at base. 2£ 24 babylo'nica, b. pnd: 1 In, ac, sr, g, sides of different cl: sti rd. 25 falcata, b. 1 lg, ln-li, ta ab, a at base, close-sr, g sides sti rx. 26 nigra, Tp. 1 In, a both ends, sr, same cl: pe dab: sti to. 20 £ 27 lucida, Tp. 1 o-ol, ac, rdbase, sr, gld, g: sti ol, gld-sr, gm sb. 28 rigida, Ap. b.l ln-ol, ac, sub-cor at base, g, sr; srel: pe v. 29 cordata, Tp. 1 ln-ol, ac, cor at base, sr, g, paler be: sti br, rd-o. 30 grisea, Ap. b. 1 In, ac, sr, gab, dmidrib, na be: sti li. 8 £ 31 abba, b. 1 In, ac, sr, silky both sides, lower sr gld: sti os. 32 vitelli'na, b. 1 In, ac, si, gab, white be: aments fin 1 time. 33 ambigua, Ap. b. 1 In, ac, g, sides same cl, gld-sr: aments f 1 time. 34 decip'iens, Ap. b. 1 In, ac, sr each end, g, both sides cl slike. 208 SALIX, SARRACENIA. 35 petiolaris, Ap. b. 1 In, sr, so, gl be, uneq at base: sti to, sml. 36 russeliana,. Tp. 1 In, ac, sr, g: aments fin 1 time: f 3 s: gm pd, sb. 37 myrsini'tes, Tp -1 ov-o, sr, g cl alike: sti In, sr: brh rough. 1 £ 38 herbacea, Au. b2fl rd, sub-rt, sr, gboth sides: sti none: aments fl. 39 eriocephala, Ap. b. 1 ol-ov, sm re at base, sr. twigs d: aments ov,v. 40 houstoniana, Tp. 1 ln-li, a, sr, g, one-cl: sti: am s f 1 time, cy, v- Salso'la. 5—2. 29. Lat. salsus, salt. Salt wort. 1 kali, Ju. 0. dc: 1 spi: c mr, ax: V. 1 dilated, sh, t, n-lcss, spi. 2 tragus, Ju. 0. her, spr, so: lsb, m-sp: f sub-sl: c sub-o, mr flat. 3 soda, 0. her, so: hrh as: 1 t, a: fru-bearing c ko in middle mem. Sal'via. 2—1. 42. Lat. salvo, to save. Sage. 1 urticifolia, b. J, 2f. v: 1 o-ol, to, de along pe: c 3-to; up seg 3-to. 2 lyrata, b. M. 2f. rad 1 ly, to: up lip ofco sh: st l-less. 1— 3 fi 3 claytoni, b-p. J. 2f. 1 hr-o, sin, to, rg: teeth of up lip c cv. 1 £ 4 officinalis, b. J- 21. or b • 1 ln-o, ere: wr few-f: c in. E. 5 sclara, ft. 1 rg, cor, ol, v, sr: f bt lg c, ac. Clarry. 6 azurea, b. w. Au. 21- lln-li; lower sr: stand 1 so: c pu, sh. 4-6 £ S. 7 coccinea, r. Ju. 2f. 1 cor, a, tom, sr: co 2-lg as c, nr. 1—2 f. 8 trichostemmoides, b. 0. 1 In, sr: r tm: fop: co eq to 3-cleft c, st brh. 9 obovata, Ju. 1 lr, ob, to, pu: wr 6-f. 18 i. Salvi'nia. 21—1. 5. Salvini of Florence. 1 natans, 0.1 ov, ot, fas brs ab: pe pil o, se: fru sub-ss. Sambu'cus. 5—3. 58. Gr. sambuke, Heb. sabucca, elder. 1 canadensis, O. w. J. b- brh and pe g: 14 pa, ol-ov, g, ac cym. 8-15 f. 5 pubescens, w. M. b. bark warty: 1 in 2 pa, ln-ov, pu be: fr. 6-12 £ Samo'lus. Samos. Brook-weed. 1 valcran'di, w. Ju. 2f. 1 ob: r el: pd bt near middle. 8-12 £ 2 ebracteatus, w. 2f. st sh, so, di at base: 1 ob, ot, sm fleshy: r el. S. Sanguina'ria. 12—1. 62. Lat. sanguis-inis, blood. Blood-root. 1 canadensis, O. w. Ap. 2f. 1 sub-ren, sin-lo: scp 1-f. 6—10 i. Sanguisor'ba. 4—1. 92. Lat. sanguis, blood, and sorbeo, to absorb. Burnet saxifrage. 1 canadensis, w. Ju. 21- fin lg cy sk: s lg co. 3—5 £ 2 media, r-w. 2[. sk cy: s lg co: sk sh, tinged red. Sanic'ula. 5—2. 60. Lat. sano, to heal. Sanicle. 1 marylandica, O. w. J. 21-1 digitate; 1 ol, gh: part f fer, ss. 2-3 f: Santoli'na. 17—1. 55. Lat. santo, a holy little herb. Lavender cotton. 1 suaveolens, y. 3. 0. g: st cmb-brh: 1 swb-bipnt; di a, li: pd tm. S. Sapin'dus. 8—2. 65. Lat. sapo indus, Indian soap 1 saponaria, w. b. lg, pnt; 1 ln-ov, 3--4-pe: rachis br wi. 20-30£ S. 2 marginatum, Tp. unarm: rachis nr; mr ab: 1 In, 6-pa: fru sub-conical. Sapona'ria. 10—2. 82. Lat. sapo, soap. Soap-wort, bouncing bet. 1 officinalis, w. J. 2f. c cy: 1 ln-o, op, sub-connate, en. 10—18 L 2 vaccaria, r. Au. 0. c5-cornered, cone-o: 1 o, ac, ss- 6—ISi. Saro'thra. 5—3. 68. Gr. sarothron, a broom. Nit-weed, pine-weed. 1 gentianoides, p. y. 3. 0. sml, e, se-ram: 1 c-p: f on brh al, si. 4-8 £ Sarra'cenia. 12—1. 62. Dr. Sarrazin. Side-saddle. 1 purpurea, O. p. J. 21 • 1 rad, sh, gibbose-inflated, cup-form. 1-2 £ 2 heterophylla, y. 3. 2f. 1 rad; outer lg-fun, nr It wi: contracted twice lg as inflated part: inner 1 sh, wi: style lg fi. 12-30 i 3 rubra, r-p. J. If. 1; It wi li; o. e, ot, m contracted at base. 6-10 i. A flava, y. J. 21. llr, fun; ex; It wiw: appendage e, cpbase. 18-24. i. SARRACENIA, SAHRANKIA. 209 5 catesbad, 2f. 1 e; tube fun; It wi li: appendage e, sub-ren ve. 12-18 i. 6 variolaris, y. J. 2f. 1, tube near summit spotted on back. 12-18 i. Sature'ja. 13—1. 42. Arabic, ss'atar, aromatic. Savory. 1 hortensis, b-w. Ju. 0. pd ax, sm in cyme: 1 In. en: st brh. E. 2 montana, Tp. pd sm 1-sided: seg of c ac, m: 1 m. Sauru'rus. 7—4. 98. Gr. saura, lizard, and oura, tail. Lizard tail. 1 cernuus, Au. 2f. st an: 1 al, hr-ol, ac. 1—2 £ Sax'ifra'ga. 10—2. 84. Lat. saxum, rock, and frango, to break. Saxifrage. Beef-steak 22. 1 aizo'on, 2f. 1 spt, a, g, teeth: st si, 1, pilose: eg. 3 i. 2 stellaris, w. Ju. 2f. 1 wd, sr, pilose at mr: st si, na: pt a- cps sup. g serpyllfolia, 21- e: 1 sml, ov, g: st 1-f, few-1: pt ob. 4 androsa'cea, w. 21- pu: 1 pe, li-spt: st 1, 1—2-f. 5 broncliialis, 21- 1 im, sb, flat, m, spi, cil: st na, pn. Sg. 6 nivalis, w. J. 2f. 1 rd-wd, ere, de intope: st na, si: r crd. 2 i. 7 virginiensis, O. w. M. 21 • pu: 1 ov, ot, ere, de into pe. 1-15 £ 8 geum, 21 • 1 ren, to, ve-less, pilose: st na, pn. 9 pciinsylvanica, O. g-w. J. 21- pu: 1 ln-ol, a, ta to base, os dt: 1-4 f- 10 laurentiana, 21. rad 1 lg pe, 5-7-lo-cre,. g: st and pd h: f fewhd. 11 oppositifolia, p. M. 21- ces: 1 cau, op, im, o, ot; up cil: ftm, si, ss., 12 aizoides, y. 2f. dc, ces: 1 cau, li, al. to-cil: pn few-f: pt lgas c. 13 setig'era, w. 21- pu: 1 rad, spt, a, spi-cil: st 1, 2-f: c his: se ax 1. 14 hirculus, 1 cau,. al In, na, unarm; st e. 15 rivularis, w. J, 21- e: 1 pe, pal, up spt: st few-f: ro fi: gm half in. 16 siberica, w. 21. as: 1 ren, pal, pilose; causs: pe hir; pd lg, fi 2-fid. 17 pectinata, 2f. ces: st nm, 1: 1 3-lo; lo 3-cleft, li, a, g: midrib fur. 18 ca;sj>itosa, y. 3. 2f. 1 rad, crd, li, ot, en or 3-cleft, n be: st e na. 19 tricuspiduta, w. 3. 21- 1 rad, crd, wd-form, cil, a 3-to: st as, r. 20 cemua, 1 cau, pal, pe: st si, 1-f, bu. 21 mixta, 1 dg, 3-fid, n, sub-hir: anth ar, stg rx: st sub-v, 2-3-f. 22 sarmentosa, w. Am 2f. 1 rd, to, h: 2 pt in each f el. E. 23 leucan'Uiemifo'lia,.w. r. y. Ju. 2f. hir: st sm na: 1 el-spt. 18-24 i. S. 24 erosa, y-g. Ju. 21. g: st na: 1 ln-ol, a, erose-dt: pn ol; brh div. 25 james'd, p. I ren, cre-to, pnt both sides, g: st sh, few-f. 1-2 £ Scabio'sa. 4—1. 56. Lat. scabies, itch. Scabious. 1 stellata, y-w. 0. co 5-cleft, ra: leut: crown of seeds mem or. E. 2 atropurpurea, r. 21- co 5-cleft: 1 pnt and cut: rec cy, crown sh, ere. Scp.euchze'ria. 6—3. 7. Scheuchzer. Flowering rush. 1 palustris, g-y. M. 2f- st g: 1 semi-cy, she at base; It pore at tip. Schizan'dra. 19—5. 77. Gr. schizu, to split, and anlr, stamen. 1 coccinea, r. y. M. b. g: 1 al, In, sub-dt, pe, sm cor cli. 10 15 £ S. Schi'zjea. 21—1. 5. Gr. schezct, to cleave. One-sided fern. 1 pusilla, Ju. 21- fr si, ii-cp: sk conglm. 3-6 i. Schoe'nus. 3—1. 9. Gr. schoinos, Bog rush. 1 mariscoides, Ju. 2f. culm t, 1: 1 it: utm; fas sk 3 on each pd. 2£ 2 hispid'ulus, pd ax and tm, 3-sk: sk glo, pe: 1 fi, his. S. 3 effusus, Au. culm 1, ot3-an: 1 pk: pn tm, lg, diffuse. 6—10 £ Schol'lera. 3—1. 17. Frederic Adam Scholler. Water grass. 1 graminifolia, O. y. Ju. 2f. 1 all li. st floating. 6—18 i. Schrank'ia. 15—10. 93. Francis Schrank. Sensitive plant. 1 sensiti'va, pk: 1 pnt; 1 in pa, inmost minute. E. 2 uncinata, p. Ju. 21- st prt an, pk: 1 al, bipnt: lsml.. 2—3 £ S. 210 SCHWALBEA, SCLERANTHUg. Schwal'bea. 13—2. 40. Christian Schwalbe. Chaff-seed. 1 americana, p-y. J. 2f> si, pu: 1 In: r tm: fal. 2 £ Scil'la. 6—1. 16. Gr. skullo, to injure. Squill. 1 maritima, w. scp lg, na, my-f, bt rx: robu. E. Scir'pus. 3—1. 9. Lat. scirpus, a rush. Club-rush. (Style articulated to the seed, persistent. Eleocharis. ) 1 tenuis, O. Ju. 21. culm quadran: sk ov, a end, style 3. 8—12 i. 2 glaucus, Ju. 2f. culm my-an, gl: sk o, a: glu o, ot or em: style 2. 1 £ 3 palustris, 3. 2[. culm rd, inf: sk ln-ol: glu sm ot: seed rd, pte, rg- 4 capitatus, Ju. 2f. culm t. cp: sk o, ot: seed ov, cp, so. 5 acicularis, Ju. culm se, quadran: sk o, a, 3—6-f: glu sm ot. 3—6 i. 6 pusitlus, Au. culm cp and sub-an: sk o, cp: seed ob: s 2—3. 1 i. 7 intermedins, culms ces, quadran: sk o, ol, glu a: s 3. 3—4 i. 8 planifolius, culm trian: rad 1 li, flat, eq culm: sk tm, ol, cp. 8 i. 9 subterminalis, Au. culm inf, 1: sk si, sm tm, In: style 2-cleft. 3 fi 10 cceespitosus, Ju. culms ces, t: sk e>, few-f: glu bt lg as sk. 8 i. ( Style filiform, not bearded', caducous. Scirpus. ^J 11 americanus, Au. culm na, 3-an: skit, 1—5, o, crd glu m ss. 3—5 £ 12 debilis, Au. culm ces, fur: sk 3, It, o, ss: glu o, ot, m. 8—12 i. 13 lacustris, culm t ab, na: pnsub-tm: sk pd, o. 4—8f. 14 acutus, Ju. culm t. spot: pd nm, sub-It: sk ol: glu pu, m. 4 £ 15 atrovirens, Ju. culm trian, 1: cyme tm, com: inv 3-1: skcrd, o a. 2 f. 16 brunneus, Au. culm l,ot trian: cyme decom: inv 3—4-1, sk rd. 2-3 £ 17 macrostachyus, Au. culm trian. 1: cmb r: inv 3-1, lg: sk ol. 3—4 £ 18 pendulus, culm trian, 1: 1 striate, mr sea: sk ol-cy, si: glu 1-va. 3f. ( Style filiform, caducous, bristled. Trichophorum. ) 19 eriophorum, O. Au. 2f • culm ot trian, 1: pn dec, no: sk pd. 4—5 £ 20 lineatus, Au. culm 3-an, 1: pn tm, dec, no: inv 1—2-1. 2—3 f. (Style simple at base, not articulated to the seed. Isolf.psis. J 21 subsquarrosus. Au. 21? culm trian, na: sk 3, tm, o: glu squarat top. 22 capillaris, Au. 0. culm na, 3 an, cap: sk o, 2—3 pd, int ssone. 8 i. 23 autumnalis, Au. 2f. culm cp: u com: inv 2-1: skin, a, 4-sid. 8--12i. 24 simplex, 3. 2f- culm t: sk sm o: glu ot: seed ob, 3-an. 8—13 i. S. 25 filiformis, Au. sk cy, ol, ot: scales rd: seeds na at summit: culm fi. 26 geniculatis. Ju. sk o-ol: scales rd-o: culm t, r separate. 27 tuberculatus, Au. culm t, striate: glu ot, ap: seed sm 3-an. 12 i. 28 quadran gulatus, 21- culm 4-an; 3 sides concave: skcy. 1—2 fi 29 equisetoides, 3. sk cy, tm; scales ot, culm t, 2-jt. 18—24 i. 30 mucronatus, Au. l-less: sk ol: scales en, ac, culm 3-an. 31 stenophyllus, Au. 0. culm fi, ot 3-an: 1 se: inv 4-1, lg. 3—4 i. 32 coarctatus, Oct. ucom, crd: sk sml, ln-li: inv se, 1 lg u: 1 fi. 1 £ 33 castoneus, Ju. sk o-l, ot: inv 2-1, lg comu. 34 sulcatus, Au. sk ln-o, sm ac: u com, lg as inv: seed fur. 1 £ 35 nitens, Ju. sk o, pd: cmb com, ax aud tm: culm t. 36 divaricatus culm ot 3-an: u dec, div: sk ov, pnd. 3—4 £ 37 schoenoides, culm 3-an: pn dec, ax and tm, pnd: sk clus. 2—3 £ 38 sylvaticus, 21. sk ol, crd: cmb 1, dec: scales ol, ot, green: culm 1. 39 ovatus, Ju. 21.. sk o: scales ol: f sm dian: culm sub-cp, she w pk. Scleran'thus. 10—2. 30. Gr. skllros, hard and anthos, flower.— Gravel chickweed. 1 annuus, O. w-g. J. 0. c of fru spr, a: st spr, sub-prt. SCLERIA, SEDUM. 211 Scle'ria. 19—3. 9. Gr. skieros, hard. Whip grass. 1 triglomerata, 3. b. culm a trian, sea: lln-li, sea, pilose, sk fas. 2£ 2 pauciftora, Au. 21- culm 3-an, g: 1 li, g; sk It and tm. 12—18 i. 3 verticillata, Au. 21- culm si, 3-sided: culm and 1 g: sk na, 1 £ 4 reticulata, Ju. culm andl g: she wi: sk sc, ax and tm. 1—2 f. 5 oligantha, culm 3-an, g: 1 nr, n, sea: sk 2—3, sub-tm, ss. 12-18 i. S. 6 gracilis, culm fi, 3-an: culm and 1 g: sk few-f, fas sub-tm: glu g. 1 £ 7 ciliata, culm e, g, na: 1 li, pu ab: sk tm, clustered bt glu cil. 1—2 £ 8 htrteUa, culm e: culm, 1 and bt hir: sk tm and ax: glu pu: nut rg. 9 intcrrupta, culm si, 3-an: culm and 1 pu: sk glm, na; al r, glu brs. Scolopen'drium. 21—1. 5. Gr. ekolopendra, the centipede. Cater- piller fern. 1 officinwum, Ju. 21- fr br-ln, cor at base: stipe chaffy. 8—10 i. Scrophulb'ria. 13—2. 37. Lat. schrophula, king's evil. Fig-wort. 1 marylandica, O. g-p. Ju. 2[. 1 cor, sr, a, rd at base; pe cil be. 3—7 £ 2 lanceolata, g-y. Au. 2f. 1 In, uneq sr, ac. a at base: pe na. 3—5 fi Scutellaria. 13—1. 42. Lat. scutellum, little shield. Scull cap. 1 lateriflora, O. b. Ju. 21- brh, g: 1 lg-pe, o, to; cau sub-cor. 1-2 £ 2 galericula'ta, O. b. J. 2f • brh: 1 sub ss, ln-o, sub-cor at base, ere. 3 gracilis, b. J. 21- si: 1 rt, br-o, to, so, ss, sea on mr- 12—18 i. 4 parvula, b. 3. 2f. pu, si, brh from base len, ot, ss, rev mrrojt. 3-6 i. 7 laevigata, b. M. 21- si, so: 1 op, pe, o sr, en at base apex, a, sub-ac, cil, ta base, ve, g, be: r si, tm, f op, bt, pu, e; up bt sml en: fir. 12-18 i. 8 integrifolia, b. Ju. 2f. sm si, pu: lower 1 o, cie, ta to base; up ln-li, ot, en, ss: r lax-f, 1. Var. 1 all li. I—2 fi 9 pilosa, b. J. 2f. si, pu: 1 rt, rh-o, ot, rd-cre, rg, pe: lowercor. 18-24 i. 10 canescens, b. 2f. brh: 1 o, a, a to, pe, h-v be; lower sub-cor: r ax tm, pe, sub-pn: bt ln-o, lgc: bt f v. 2—3 f. 11 ovalfolia, b. 3. 21. 1 ss, o. sub-ov, sr; up In, sub-en. 12 cordfolia, b. w. Au. 21- 1 br-cor, a, ot to; pe lg: r op tm. 2—3 £ 13 ambigua, w-b. 21. low, sub-dc, div, brh: 1 ss, o, rt sr h above. 4—6 i. 14 resinosa, b. gld-pu, brh: 1 o, ot, nr at base, en: fax v. 15 nervosa, b. Au. 21- si, g: 1 ss, o, to, n: rtm, lax, 1. S. 16 angustfolia, 3. 21. si, pu: 1 li: fax op: s ex. 17 curoliniana, 21-brh, g: lpe, ln-li, a, en; rlax, 1: cot. 18 serrata, b. Ju. 21- brh, pu: 1 o, ac, sr, sh-pe: r tm, lax, pn: bt In, sh. 19 villosa, 3. st e, brh, v: 1 lr. In, a at each end, to, v be, his ab. 2—3 £ Seca'le. 3—2. 10. Lat. secale, rye. Rye. 1 ccrc(dc,3. ft. glu brssca-cil: co so. E. Se'dum. 10—5. 86. Lat. sedo, to sit. Live-forever 5. False ice p. 1 ternatum, w. 3. 21- sml, crp: 1 flat, rd-spt, ter: f sm 3-sk. 2 telejdtioides, p. Ju. 1 br-ln, a, dt: cmb my-f. 1 £ 3 nuttallii, lrd, flat, en, sc: cymes tm, trich. 4 lanceolatum, w? 1 flat, sub-al; crd, in-ol, a, g, mr gld-sr: st brk, as- surg: f cyme-cmb: pt In, spr. 5 telephium, r. w. Ju. 2f. 1 flat, to-sr, sc: cmb 1: st e. E. Orpine. 6 anacampseros, 2f. 1 wd, en, sub.ss: st dc: f cmb. Stone crop. 7 pulchellum, p. g: st assurg: 1 sc, li, ot: cyme my-sk: fss, octan. S. 8 pusillum, w. Ju. 2f. e, g: lei, t, ol: f sub-tm, few, al, sub.pe. 2—4 i. 9 stenopetalum, y. Ju. 2f. g, st as: 1 sc crd, ss, cp-sb, a: cyme tm, thrice die: skrc: f ss: pt li, lgc. 10 rhodiola, g. y. 2f. e, si: lim, ss, ob, a, gl, to ab: cymes tm. 8 i. 212 SELENIA, SEYMERIA. Sele'nia. 14—1. 63. Gr. selene, the moon. 1 aurea, y. 0. st g, sub-di at base, a-trian: 1 so, sm sue; lad sub-bipin, ss: pdax an. 4—6 i. S. . Sempervi'vum. 12—13. 83. Lat. semper, always, and vivens, living. Houseleek. Tree houseleek. 1 tectorum, Au. 21-1 cil: bul spr: nee wd, ere. E. 2 arboreum, st woody, so, brh: 1 wd, g, soft spr h. Sene'cio. 17—2. 55. Lat. senex, an old man. Fire weed 2. Rag- wort 9. Groundsell 1. 1 vulgaris, y. 3. 2f. 1 els, sin-pnt, to: fpn: st e, brh. 12—20 l. 2 hieracifolius, O. w. J. 0. st pn: 1 els, ol, a; a, uneq to. 4—8 £ 3 elongutus, Ju. 21- g: rad 1 spt, sr, tainto pe; cau 1 pnt, to, rt: u. 4 pauciflorus, 21- g: rad 1 lg-pe, rd-o, sub-cor, to; cau ones 2, rt, pnt, pdsh, sm in 3's, u. 8 i. 5 pauperculus, 2f. st si, e, na: 1 In; rad sub-en gh-to: cmb few-f: c so. 6 gracilis, 2f rad 1 lg pe, or, sub-cor, ere; cau few, rt, li-ol, inf base, gh- to: pe sh, hir, u: cso: rays few, sh. 1 £ 7 obovatus, y. M. 21- rad lob, cre-sr, pe; cau pnt, to: fu, lg-pd, bt. 8 balsamitm, y. 3. 21-radlol, sr, pe; cau ly pnt: fsub-u. 1—2. £ 9 aureus, y. J. 2f. rad 1 o, cor, sr, pe; cau pnt, to. tm di In. 18—24 i. 10 cymbalaria, radlrd. pe, tru at base, to: pe ly; cau ss, li gh-to: st 1-f. 11 canadensis, 1 pnt. li, g; up si pnt: fin com, fs cmb. 12 ciliatus, w. st pilose: 1 In li, cil. S. 13 tomentosus, 21- h woolly: st si: 1 pe, ln-ov, sr: cmb sub-u. 2 £ 14 fastigiatus, y. radl ol, hr-o, cre-to, g; cau pnt, di gh-to. 2—3 £ 15 lobatus, y. 0. g: lly-pnt; lord, sub-re: cmb-com. 1—3£ 16 integerrimus, y. J. so: st si: 1 en; rad lg-pe, In, a; cau ss, ac; cmb si: pd 1-f: rays shhem, c. 12—18 i. Serpic'ula. 20—9. 22. Lat. serpo, to creep. Ditch moss. 1 canadensis, O. w. Ju. 21- perf trian: stg rx, 2-cleft: 1 li, a, sm wr. Ses'amum. 13—2. 40. Gr. sesumon, ancient name. 1 indicum, r-w. Au. 0. 1 ln-o: lower 3-lo; up undi, s.. 2—4 £ E. Sesba'nia. 16—10. 93. Arabic Sesban. 1 vesicaria, y. Au. leq pnt; 1 (10-20 pa,) ol, ot, g: r few-f, sh 1: lo- ment In, Igsti, 2-seeded. 5—7 £ S. 2 macrocarpa, O. y. p. S. 0.1 eq pnt; 1 (10—25 pa,) ov, g, sub-gl be: r ax, few-f: le el, t. 4—12 £ Ses'eli. 5—2. 60. Lat. seselis, Gr. seselis. 1 triternatum, y. 2f. 1 triter; 1 lg-li: uhem; inv my-1, li 1 lg of u. 2 divaricatum, y. M. 21. st brh, div: 1 bipnt, ghdi: inv none. 4—6i. S. Sesle'ria. 3—2. 10. Leonard Sesler. Moorgrass. ] dactyloides, g- culm se, 1: 1 sh, flat, sb, sub-pilose: stib: sk2-3, few- f: co 2-fc ac, en. 4—5 i. S. Sesu'vium. II—5. 87. Gr. sekos, bird's nest. 1 sessile, r. Ju. fss: 1 li-ol, flat. 2 pentandrum, Au. 1 ln-li, ot, sue: fsl, ss, pentan. S. 3 pedunculutum, w. Au. 1 ln-li, ot: fsl, ax, pd, polyan. Seyme'ria. 13—2. 37. Seymer. 1 tenuifolia, y. p. Au. 0? g, brh: 1 com-pnt; seg fi, op al: co sub-ro- tate: cps g. 3—4 £ S. 2 pectinata, y. S. 0? viscid-pu, brh: 1 pnt: diundi, a, li. 2—4 £ SEYMERIA, SILPHIUM. 213 3 macrophylla, y. Ju. brh: 1 so; lower pnt to; up In, en: tube co lanu- ginous: s ex. 4—5 £ Sibbal'dia. 5—5. 92. Sir Robert Sibbald. 1 procumbens, y. Ap. 21. 1 ter: 1 wd, 3-to, so ab, h be. 2 erecta, r-w. Ju. ft. e, brh: rad 1 twice 3-cleft: seg sub-di. 4—6 i. S. Si cyos. 19—15. 97. Gr. sikuos, cucumber. Single-seed cucumber. 1 angulata, O. w. Ju. 0. Icor, ot hindlo, sea, dt: fru capitate, his. Si'da. 15—12. 74. Gr. sidl, a name given by Theophrastus. In- dian mallows. 1 spinosa, y. Ju. 0. st spr: ax sub-sp: 1 lg pe, ln-o, os cor, to. 1—2 £ 2 abutdon, y. Ju. 0. 1 rd-cor, ac, to, tom: pd si, sh pe: cps2.awn. 4-6 £ 3 napaea, w. Ju. 21. 1 hr-5-lo, g: lo ol, ac, to: pd my-f cps w awn. 2-4 £ 4 dioica, w. Oc. 2X- 17-lo-pal, sea: lo In, gh-to: cmbbt: f die. 5 crtspa, w. Au. 0. 1 ol-cor, ac, ere; upss: pd si, lg pe, fru inf. 6 stellafa, r. pu: 1 In, a, erose-sr, rg: pe ax, sh pe, 3-5-f: f capitate glm: cps (12-14,) m, 1-2-seeded, br at base. 7 hispida, y. Au. 2f. his-pilose: 1 In, sr: pd si, ax, as lgpe. 1—2 £ S. 8 rhomb folia, y. Au. 2f. 1 ln-ol, to, wd en at base: pdlg pe. 1—2 £ 9 alcaeoides, Ju. 2f. lower 1 3-an-cor, gh; up pal-my-cleft: cmb tm c h. 10 gracilis, y. Au. 2f. st g: Hi sr: pd si, ax, lg pe: cps 10. 2—3 £ Siegesbec'kia. 17—2. 55. Dr. J. G. Siegesbeck. 1 flosculosa, y. Au. 0. Iss, o, to: f of disk 3-to, trian. 2 laciniata, 1 gh-pnt; up In, en, tuberculate: c sh: fofraylr. S. Sile'ne. 10—3. 82. Gr. sialon, saliva. Catch-fly. 1 pennsylranica, r. J. 2f. pu: 1 wd; up lln: st few-f at summit. 6—10 i. 2 uirginiea, r. J. 2f. dc, viscid-pu: 1 ol, rough mr: pn die: pt 2-cleft: s ex. Var. f sub-fas. 12—18 i. 3 antirrhina, O. w-p. J. 0. 1 In, sub-cil: pd 3-par: pt em: c o. 1—3 £ 4 nocturna, w. 3. 0. fal ss, on one-sided sk: pt 2-cleft. 5 acaulis, r. Ju. 2f. st-less: 1 li, ke: pd tm, si, e, 1-f: pt em. 6 armeria, w. r. Au. 0. ffas, fs: up Icor, g: pten. E. 7 conica, r. 0. c of fru conic, striate: 30 striae 1 soft, In: pt bifid. 8 dichotoma, w. Au. ft. c o, viscid-h, e: pt2-cleft: r pa, tm, one-sided: f int, pd: 1 pe, ln-o, cil at base. 9 noctiflora, w-r. Ju. 0. c lO.an, ve: teeth of tube eq: st die: pt bifid. .10 quinquevulncra, r. Ju. 0. hir: 1 wd-ol; up li: pt rd, en. 8—12 i. S. 11 ovata, r-w. J. 21- 1 ln-o: ac, so: r tm, com: c o: s ex: st si. 12 fimbrlata, w. M. stpu: lob cil: pt lr, fimbriate. 6—8 i. 13 regia, r. J. 2f. pu: 1 br-o, op, sm sea: c lg-cy: pt obln. 2—3 f. 14 rotundifolia, r. Ju. dc: st c mr of 1 pilose: 1 br-ov, ac each end. 15 baldwinii, r. fir, trich: pt div-gh: ste sub-In 1 pilose. 16 axillaris, p. Au. viscid-pu: st brh: 1 o ov, pe, sub-dn: fss, ax si. 8 i. Sil'phium. 17—4. 55. Gr. silphion, the name of a plant. Ragged cup. 1 perfoliatum, y. Au. 21. st 4-sided, so: 1 op, connate, o, sr. 4—6 £ 2 intcgrifolium, y. Au. 21- st 4-sided, iough: 1 op, ss ol, en, sea. 4 £ 3 trifoliatum, y. S. 21- st 6-an, so: 1 wr, in threes, In o, uneq to-sr, sea ab; upss: pn trich. 4—6 £ 4 tcrnatum, y. Ju. 2f. st t, so: 1 wr in 3s, pe, In, sub-dnt, sea. 4—6 £ 5 gumniferum, y. Ju. 2f? st e, his: 1 sin-pnt, sub-his be: fir, ax, sub- ss: scales of c o, ac, his onmr. 2—3 f. S. 6 laciniatum, O. y. Au. 21 • st his ab; rad cau 1 pnt: di to-sin: pn. 8-12 £ 7 pinnatifidum, y. Au. stg: lsin-pnt, sub-sea, hbe: scales c ov. 4—6£ 214 SILPH1UM, SM1LAX. 8 compositum, y. Ju. 21. st so: cau 1 pnt-sin: rad ter, sin-my-cleft: f sml, pn. 2—4 £ 9 terebinthinaceum, O. y. Ju. 21 • st so: rad ren-cor, lo to: cau 1 al, o, sr, sea: pn com, my-f. 4—5 £ 10 connatum, y. Au. 2f. st t, his: 1 op, connate, rt sr, sea. 6 £ 11 laevigatum, y. Au. 2f. stsi, 4-an, fur, g: 1 op, ss, o, ac, sr g. 2 £ 12 scaberrimum, y. Au. stsub-an; an rg ab: 1 o, sub-ac, sr, sea both sides, sh pe: f cmb: scales of c o, cil. 3—4 £ 13 atropuipureum, y. Au. 2f. st t, so: 1 wr in 4s, In, sea, sub en. 4£ 14 dentatum, y. Au. st e, sm g: lower 1 op; up al; In, sin to. , 2—3 £ 15 asteriscum, y Ju. 21- st si, t, his: 1 op al, ol, a, sr, sea: f few, si. V. 1 In ol, ere, ss, sea: c sub-cil. 2—3 £ 16 pumilum, y. Au. 21- st pe tom: brh 1-f: 1 al, hr-o, sr, pe. 2—3 £ 17 datum, y. 2f. 1 al, pe, cor, sin: scales of c ot. 18 reticulatum, y. 2f. 1 al, In o, cor, sr, ot, v. 19 subacaule, y. sm sea: st sh: pd lg: 1 ol, sub-sin-pnt, to: di ofc rh. Sina'pis. 14—2. 63. Lat. sinapis, radish. Mustard. 1 nigra, y. 3. 0. silique g, 4-an, cp to st: 1 at top ln-li, en so. E. 2 alba, y. 0. silique brs, sh 2-edged beak: 1 pnt; up sub-ly, all to. Si'son. 5—2. 60. Gr. sison, running stream. 1 trifoliatus, Iter; 1 to; ov, 2-3-lo; up ln-ov: u tm, si, pd: seed rd. S. 2 pusillus, Ap. 0. 1 triter, my-par: u few-f: f-6, seed m. 1—2 £ 3 costatus, Oc. 0? lr: stsi be: 1 cap-my-par; segsub-vrib-seed 4—5 f. Sisym'brium. 14—2. 63. Gr. sisumbrion, water rocket. 1 officinale O. y. J. 0. siliques cp to rachis of sk 1 run. 1—3 £ 2 canescens, y. Ap. 0.1 bipnt; di to, ot, sm ob: pt lg c: siliques an, as, sh pd. 1—2 £ 3 cherianthoides, O. y. J. 0. siliques e: fru-bearing pespr: lln, sub-en. Sisyrin'chium. 15—3. 18. Gr. sus, a hog, and rughos, snout. Blue- eyed grass. 1 anceps, O. b. J. 2f. scp si, 2-edged or 2-wi: glu spa 2 uneq. 6—12 i. 2 mncronatum, b. 3. 21 • 1 scp si, sub-se: spa cl, va termina. 9—12 i. 3 bermudianum, b. J. 21 • step, brh, 1: spa unawn, sh f: pt m. 8—18 i. 4 brachycarpum, sub-g: 1 bi-pnt; lo In, ot, en, par to: pt lr c, silique li. 5 humile, 21- white h: st diffuse: 1 en pn-to; rad spt; cau In, ta at base: silique pod li, 5 lg pe, t, pu. Si'um. 5—2. 60. Gr. sion, Celt, sio, water. Water parsnip. 1 latifolium, w. Ju. 21. lpnt; 1 ol-ln, a sr: st e, an, so. 1—3 £ 2 lineare, w. Ju. 2f. 1 pn; 1 li, sub-In, a sr: inv my-1, li: u tm. 3 tricuspidatum, O. Ju. lpnt; lower lln; up ob, 3-to. 2—3£ S. 4 nodiflorum, w. J. 0. st prt: 1 pnt; 1 o: u ax, ss. 2 £ Smi'lax. 20—6. 12. Gr. sniilax, of smile, a scraper. Green briar 3, bohea tea 9, Jacob's ladder 1 buadrangularis, Ju. b. st pk, 4-an: 1 unarm, o. a, sub-cor, 5-n. 2 sarsaparilla, 3. b.pk: 1 unarm, ln-o, sub-5-n, gl be, pd lg pe. 3 rotundifolia, O. w-g. J. b. pksc: .lrd-o, ac, cor, 5-n: ber sph. 4 caduca, 3. Tp. pk: 1 o,m, 5-n, mem: pd lg pe. 5 pseudo-china, Tp. unarm: cau 1 cor; ram ol-o, 5-n: pd lg. 6 laurifolia, Ju. b. pk: brh unarm: 1 ov ln-ov, re-pk, 3-n: u sh-pd. 7 tamnoi'des, Ju. b. stpk, t: 1 o-ol, os cor, 5-n; pd lg pe. 8 peduncularis, w-g. M. 21. stt, cli or arching over: 1 rd-o, cor, ac, 9-n: (sm7)ulg-Pd. 2—3f. smilax, solidago. 215 9 herbacea, g. J. 2f. st an, e, si: 1 lg-pe, ov, 7 n: u lg cp pd. 2—3 £ 10 hastata, Ju. b. st an, pk: brh unarm: 1 In, ac, au at base, 3-n, pk-cil on mr. Var. 1 lg, nr, In. S. 11 bona-nox, Ju. b. st unarm, an: 1 hr-o, a, 7-n, pk-cil. 12 walteri, Ju. b. pk: 1 hr-o, so, 3-n: berac. 13 ovata, Ju. b. unarm: 1 unarm, o, a, 3-n, cl alike: pd shpe. 14 lanceolata, 3. Tp. unarm: lln o, a ac, 3-5-n, g: umy-f: pdsh. » 15 alba, 3. Tp. unarm: st os an: 1 ln-el, cr, g, en, 3-n: ufew-f, sh-pd. 16 pumila., b. unarm: 1 hr-o, en, sm 5-n, soft-pu be: u sh-pd: pe sh: ber ol, a: st prt. 17 cinctdfolia, Tp. pk: 1 unarm, rd-cor, ac, 5-n, gboth sides, net ve. Sola'num. 5—1. 38. Lat. sot, sun, and Greek aneu, without. Potato 5, bitter-sweet 1, tomatoes 6, Jerusalem cherry 8, love apple 6. 1 dulcama'ra, p-b. Ju. Tp. st unarm, cli; 1 cor g; np few-f; cmb op 1. 2 nigrum, O. w. p. b. J. 0. st unarm, e; brh an, dt: 1 o, re, g. 1—2 £ 3 carolinense, b. J. 0. st pk: 1 ol, tom, sin-an, sub-hastate. 1—2 £ 4 flavidum, tom; brh c pk: 1 si, ol, ot; lower re-sin; up os sin. 5 tuberosum, b. w. Ju. |>.stwi-an, unarm: lint pnt; 1 en: f cmb. E. 6 Ifcoper1sicum, y. 0. st unarm: lpnt, gh: r 2-par, l-less: fru g. 7 Jnclongc'na, 3. 0. st unarm: 1 o, tom: pd pnd: c unarm. 8 pseudo-capsicum, Tp. st woody: 1 In, re: uss. 9 mammosum, y. Ju. 0. st pk, her: 1 cor, lo-an, v both sides, pk. S. 10 virginianum, b. Ju. 0. st e, pk: 1 pnt, pk both sides: di sin, ot. 11 triflorum, w. Ju. st unarm, her, prt: 1 to-pnt, so: di a, sub-undulate: mr sub-rev: pd op 1, 2-3-f. 1" £• 12 jamess'ii, w? 0. her, sm pilose: st unarm, e: 1 uneq pnt; 1 ln-o,nr at base, os sin: r few-f, out of ax. 13 verbascifolium, b. st unarm, fru: 1 o, tom, en: cmb 2-cleft, tm. Solida'go. 17—2. 55. Lat. solido, to make firm. Golden rod. 1 canadensis, O. y. Ju. 2f. std: lln, sr, rough; r pn, re: rays lg disk: st an: 1 ss, three i lg, sm eu. 2—5 £ 2 pro'ccra, O. y. Ju. 21. st v, e: 1 In, sr, v be: r sk, e, rays sh. 4—7 £ 3 serotina, O. y. S. 21. st e, t, so: 1 ln-li, g, sr: r pn: pd d, lcil young. 4 gigantea, O. y. Au. 2f. st e, g: lln, so, sr, 3-n: r pn: pdh. 4—7 £ 5 ciliaris, O. y. 2f. st e, g: 1 In, sm 3-n, g: bt cil: rays sh: st an: rad 1 pe, ov, ve, sr: brh of pn spr-bt. 6 reflexa, y. Au. 21. ste, v: 1 In, sub sr, sea, rx: r pn 1-sided, rx. 7 lateriflora, y. Au. 21. st e, h: 1 In, 3-n, g; lower sub-sr: r pn, re: fir, rays lg c: st striate, pnt, nm It f brh. 2—3 £ 8 as'pera, y. Au. 21- st e, t, h: 1 o, smov, rg, sr: r pn: 11-2i lg. 3-4£ 9 altissima. O. y. Au. 2f. st e, h: 1 In; lower sr, sea, rg: pn r nm spr every way: rays lg again as c: sr 1 eq & uneq: h v. 3—6 £ 10 rugosa, O. y. Au. 21- st e, h: 1 In, sea, rg; cpsr: r pn, spr. 3—6£ 11 scabra, O. y. Au. 21. st e, h, fur: 1 olta both ends, ac, g ab. 2—5 £ 12 nemoralis, y. Au. 21- st e, d: cau 1 In, his, en; rad sm wd, sr. 1-3£ 13 pat'ula, O. y. S. 2f. st e, g: 1 ov, sr, g; rad ol-spt: rpn, spr: pd pu: st wand-like, an striate; st-1 ss, inch lg;. 2 £ 14 ulmfolia, O. y. Au. 2f. st e, g, striata: I ov, sr, ac, v be: rad ob: r pn: pd v: rays sh: rad 1 h both sides, rest ol-o v ve be. 3—4 £ 15 argu'ta, O. y. S. 21. st e, g: 1 g, uneq sr; cau ov, rad 1 g. 2—3 f. I, 16 juncea, y. Au. 21. st e, g: 1 In, g; lower sr: r pn: st sm an striate, 1; r dense, rc-spr: com pe rough, bt: ray twice lg c. 2—3 £ 216 SOLIDAGO. 17 elliptica, y. Au. 2f. ste, g: lov, so, sr: rpn: rays middling lg. 2-4 £ 18 asperata, 21- st cmb-pn: r e: fas: 1 In, sr, sea. 19 recurva'ta, y. S. 2f. st e, pu: 1 In, sr: r el, re pn. 20 sempervirens, y. S. 2f. st e, g: 1 In, sm so, en: rpn: pd h: st tall, gl: 1 my, nr, lg: ray fig, nr, nm. 3—5 £ 21 odora, O. y. Au. 2f. ste, pu: lln-li, en, g: rpn: up part of st fur. 3£ • 22 villosa, y. 2f. st e, v: 1 In, soft, sr, n-less: r pn, one-sided. 2—3£ 23 specio'sa, y. 21- st tall, so; brh virgate: 1 In, sub-cr, sea on mr; lower sr: r e, com: pd pu: f of ray five, lg: seed g. 3—6 £ 24 virgata, y. Au. 2f. st si, so: 1 In, sm wd, oten, g, cp: up sml. . 2 £ 35 bi'color, O. w. Au. 2f. sth: 1 ov, h; lower sr; on f brh en. 2—4 f. 26 petiolaris, y. Oc. 2f. st e, v: 1 ov, pe: rays twice lg as c: st brh, t: 1 hoary ribs, an inch lg, cover f-brh en: r nm, sh, few lr £ 2—3 £ 27 siricta, y. Au. 2[. st e, g: cau 1 In, en, g; rad 1 sr: r pn, e. 2 £ 28 squamosa, y. 2f. ste, brh, pu: 1 so; lower br. spt-ov, sr, a, mr sea; np ss, ln-ov, en: r com, e: c squarrose, my-f: ray fig. 2—5fi 29 graminfolia, O. y. S. 2f • st h, fur, so: Hi, en, e, 3-5-n: cmbtm; level- top: fin hd: rays not lg disk. Sti: 1 ss, 2 i lg: f sml. 4—5£ 30 tenuifolia, y. S. 21. st an, brh, cmb: 1 spr, li, nr, 3-n, sea. 1—2 f. 31 cac'sia, O. y. Au. 21. st e, so even: 1 In, g, ac; mr n rough: rays lg disk: st sm zigzag, brh, 1: 1 2 i lg, sub-en, sub-gl, be: r nm, sh. 2-3f. 32 livida, y. S. 21- st g, pn: 1 sr, g: brh rat extremity: rays el. 33 hispida, O. y. Oc. 21- st e, his, sea: 1 In, en; rad sr. 34 lithosjjermfolia, y. S. 21- st brh, pu: 1 In, sea both sides, ta, 3-n. 35 puberula, y. 2f. stsi, t, pu: lln, en, pu both sides, ta both ends; rad sub-sr: r sk, ax, e: pd pu: scales ofc ln-li, a. 1—2 £ 36 laevigata, y.^ S. 2f. st e, so: 1 In, fleshy, en, so in every part: r pn; pd v. rays twice lg as c. 4—6 £ 37 limonifolia, y. S. 2f. st g: 1 In, sm en, so both sides: r pn, e. 3—5 f. 38 vimin'ea, y. Au. 2f. st e, sub-pu: 1 ln-li, mem, ta to base, g; lower sr: rays el: pd brh an: bt In, so: f nm. 39 macrophylla, y. Au. 21 • lower 1 o, ac, ta, uneq sr, g: cau 1 ta both ends, In, sub-ss, sr: r ax, pd, 1, lg 1: c ol, my-f: rays sm el. 2—3f. 40 flexicaulis, O. y. Au. 21- st zigzag, g, an: 1 ln-ac, sr, g: r ax: rays half lg again c: st purple, t an: 1 nm, sh br pe, 2 ilg. 2—3 £ 41 latifolia, y. Au. 2f • st sm zigzag, an. so: 1 o-ac, sr, so wi pe. 42 axilaris, O. Au. 2f. stg, t: Tin, sr, g: r ax, sub-glo, e: f el. 43 virgau'rea, y. 2f. st fl, an. pu: 1 sr at base: rpn, close: rays el: f lr: rays 5—10; up 1 en, 1—3f: V. f few. 3-6 i. 44 multiradiata, y. S. 21. stsm v: 1 ss, In, g. cil; sr at apex: rtm, e. 45 rigida, Au. 21. st cmb, h, sea: 1 o-ol, minute rigid h; lower sr, up en: r compact: rays twice lg ot c. St t, striate, 1. 1 hoary. 46 noveboracensis, y. Oc. 2f. rad 1 ov-ol, lg-pe: st l-less, brh fur, level- top cmb: rays twice lg as ta c: stfur, 1 at origin of f brh. 2—3 £ 47 cineras'cens, y. S. 2f. st e, pu: 1 el, ln-li, at base, sr, sub-sea. 48 retrorsa, y. 2f. st e, t, g, Iss, li, ta ab, g, rx, mr: brh of pn re: stpu ab: 1 sm els, m. 3—4 £ 49 tortifolia, y. 2£. st e, pu: 1 ln-li, sub-sr, spr, twisted; midrib up sea, g be: pn py: r re. St puab: 1 sm pu be, 3-n: pn com. 3 £ 50 pyramidata, y. S. 21- ste, t, his: 1 ol, a, smcls, ss, g. 4—6 £ 51 corymbosa, y. S. 2f. st e, g: brh his: lower 1 ln-ol; up o; all fleshy, g, rigid, sea cil on mr: r cmb; re: ray f el. 4—6 £ S0LIDAG0, SPERGULA. 217 52 pubescens, y. Oc. 2f. st e, brh, pu: 1 lg, In, ta un base, pu; sr. 3-4 £ 53 paucifloscidosa, y. S. 2f. g: 1 ot, n-less: pn com, my-f; fas e: c 5-f ol. 54 pulverulen'ta, y.2f.st_si: st lpu; 1 ss; lower ov, sr; re, sk: ray f (10,) el: lower 1 sm: up 1 ob, en, mr sea. 3—4 £ 55 erecla, y. 2f. st si: st pd pu: 1 In, a each end, g, ve, sea on mr. 2 £ 56 hirta, y. 2f. st pn: 1 In, sea bothsides; cau sr; brh en: re: rays el. 57 glomerata, y. 2f. stsi: 1 g, ln-ol, sr: r si, com of ax glm; up cluster- ed: c turgid, my-f: lower 1 br-ov, ac, sr. 58 hu'milis, y. 2f. st si, e, g: 1 In, sr, g, ta at base, el: r e. 59 elata, y. S. 2[. st t, pilose, tom ab: 1 ln-ov, a, sub-en, ve, tom be: r e, pn: rays el: 1 ss, sml ve elevated. 2—3 £ 60 salicina, y. 2f. st tall, pu ab, sea: brh virgate, el, e: 1 In, sea ab, g be: lower sr: r secund: brh sh, sm re: st g, cl: 1 ss. 4—5 £ 61 angustfolia, y. S. 2f. st e, g: 1 sb-li, en, g: r e, pn: ray f middle size: st slender: brhnm: Iss, sm ln-li, sea on mr. 2—3f. Son'chus. 17—1. 53. Gr. sogchos, the ancient name. Sow-thistle2. 1 arvensis, y. Au. 2f. c pd his, u: 1 run, dt, cor at base: ro crp. 2 oleraceus, O. y. Ju. 0. pd sub-tom, u: c g: 1 ln-ol, els, dt, sin. 2-5 £ 3 macrophyllus, b. Au. 21- pd hir, na: fpn: 1 lr, ly, cor at base. 4—7 £ 4 spinulosus, y. Au. 0. pd so, sm u: Icor at base, ol, els, sp. 2 £ 5 alpinus, b-w. Au. 2f. pd hir, na: f r, bt: 1 run, sagittate base, g be. 6 leucopha'us, b-w. Ju. ft pd scaly: f r: 1 run, ac: st wand-pn. 3—5f. 7 floridanus,b. Ju. ft. pd sm scaly, fpn: 1 run-ly, pe dt. 3—6 £ 8 acuminatus, b. Au. ft. pd sm scaly: fpn: rad 1 sub-run: cau o, ac, pe, dtin middle. 3—4 £ 9 pallidus, y. Ju. 21. f comtmr orpn: lln sab, els, to. 10 ludovicianus, y. 3. 1 run, to: pd c na: pn div. 3—5 £ S. 11 caroUnianus, y. Au. 0. st e, g: 1 In, a, sub-sp-to, au at base, half- cls: f sm u. 1—3 £ Sopho'ra. 10—1. 93. Arabic sophera, tree. 1 sericea, w. 21- 1 pnt; 1 wd-ov, so ab, v be: sk my-f, ss. 1 £ S. Sor'bus. 11—5. 92. Lat. sorbeo, to suck. Mountain ash. 1 americana, w. M. b. lpnt: 1 a, sm eq sr, g; peg, ber red. 10—20 £ 2 microcarpa, 3. Tp. 1 pnt; 1 ac, uneq gh-sr, g; sr se-m: pe g: ber red. Sorg'hum. 3—2. 10. Sorghi, the Indian name. Broom corn. 1 saccharatum, y-g, Au. 0. pn sm, wr, spr: seeds ov: glu h. 6-8 £ E. 2 vulgare,2i- pn com, ov, no: seed na, sub-cp. Coffee corn. 5—7£ Sparga'nium. 19—3. 8. Gr. sparganon, fillet. Burr-red. 1 ramosum, O. w. Ju. 0. 3-sided bases 1 concave outside: fru-st brh: stg. F li in rd hd; s hd ab p, sml. 1—2 £ 2 americanum, w. lower 1 eq lg of st; fl concave at base, e: stg si, o-ol, half lg as style, ends float. Near Troy. 1 £ 3 angustifolium, w. Au. 21- 1 flat, lg-li, nr, lg st, weak: ends floating. Sparganoph'orous. 17—1. 55. Gr. sparganon, a fillet, and phero, to bear. Crown-cup. 1 verticillatus, p. Au. 21.1 li, wr: hd few, tm: egret cm, 5-to, flo. 1 £ Spar'tium. 16—10. 93. Gr. spartion, a rope. Broom. 1 junceum, 3. Tp. brh op, wand-like fat end: 1 In, g. E. 2 scoparium, 3. Tp. 1 ter and si, ol: fax: le pilose at mr: brh an.. Sper'gula. 10—5. 82. Lat. spergo, to scatter. Spurry. 1 arvensis, w. J. 2f- 1 fi, wr: pn die: pd rx: seed ren. 8—12 i. 2 saginoides, w. J. 21. or 0. g: 1 op, sb, na: pd si, lg. 2-3 i. 218 SPERGULA, STELLARIA. 3 nodosa, 1 sb, op, g, con: lower she, up proliferous ax: pt twice lg c. 4 subulata, g, sub-pu: 1 nrli-su, m: pd lg, si: pt eq c and cap Spermaco'ce. 4—1. 57. Gr. sperma, akoke, sharp point. Button weed. 1 diodina, w. Ju. 0. st diffused, t, hir: 1 ln-li: sti lg, my brs. 4-12 i. 2 tenu'ior, w. Ju. 0. ste, g: 1 In, sea ab, g be: f wr, fsl. S. 3 glabra, w. J. 0. st pc, g: 1 ln-o, gboth sides: f wr: seeds g. 4 involucrata, w. st his: brhal: 1 ln-o, ac, hir both sides: sti my-brs. If. Sphae'ria. "21—6. 1. Gr. sphaira, globe. 1 polymorpha, forms various, clubs ventricose, surrounded spherules. Sphag'num. 21—2. 4. Plinny's name for moss. 1 latfolium, O. 1 o, sub-ot, concave, im: converging at apex, cap sph. Spige'lia. 5—1. 46. Adam Spigelius. Pink-root. 1 marylandica, p. J. 2f. st 4-sided: 1 op, ss, ln-o, en. 9—18 i. Spina'cia. 20—5. 29. Lat. spina, a thorn. Spinach. 1 olera'cea, 3. 0. fru ss, pk, or unarmed: st brh. 1—2 £ E. Spirje'a. 11—5. 92. Gr. spcifon, spiial coil. Meadow-sweet 1.— Steeple bush 2. Hard-hack 3. 1 salicifolia, O. r. w. J. b. 1 ln-o, ob, sr, g: fpn, r spr. 2—4 £ 2 tomdntosa, O. r. Ju. b • 1 In, uneq sr, dbe: rcrd, sub-pn, sk. 2—3 £ 3 hypericifviia, w. M. b- 1 ob, en, to at apex: u ss. 3 f. 4 corymbosa, r-w. b. 1 ol-ob, gh-to, pu be: cmb tm. pd, com, fs, sml. 5 crenata, b. 1 ob, a, to-cre at apex: cmb pd, crd. 6 opulifolia, w. J. b. 1 sub-o, lo, 2-to or ere, g: cmb tm, crd. 3—5 :". 7 capitata, 3. b • 1 o, sm lo, to be, tom: cmb tm, crd, sub-cap, lg-pd. 8 sorbfolia, w. Au. b. 1 pnt; 1 sr: fpn. 9 mo'nogy'na, b. 1 br-o, sub-3-lo, gh-sr, g: cmb u: style one: pe g. 10 aruncus, w. J. 2f. 1 2—3-pnt: fpn sk: styles 3 to 5. 4—6 £ 11 lobata, r. Ju. 21- 1 pnt, g; 1 lr, 7-lo: It 3-lo, cmb prolif. 12 ulmaria, w. r. Au. 2f. 1 pnt, d be; tm 1 lr, 3-lo; It undi: f cmb. E. 13 dis'color, Ju. b.lo. sub-lo, to, ot, tom be, so ab, sh pe: pntm. S. 14 betulifolia, r. J. b. 1 br-o, gh-to, g: cmb tm, com, fs, 1. 1 £ Sta'chys. 13—1. 42. Gr. stachius, spike. Hedge nettle. 1 hyssop folia, Ju. e, sm g: 1 ss, 1, ln-li, to: wr 4-f. 12—15 i. 2 as'pera, O. w-p. Ju. 2f. st e, brh op, his: 1 sub-pe, ln-o. 1—2f. 3 sylvatica, p. Au. 2f. 1 o, sub-cor, ac: wr 6-f: st pk. 1—2 £ 4 velutina, b. stsi, 4-an, v, stib-his: 1 ln-o, cre-sr, ss, els, op. 1 £ 5 hispida, y-p- Ju. 21- st and 1 his: 1 pe, o-ol, a, ot sr: wr 4-f, c g. S, 6 tenuifolia, st e, an, so: 1 pe, ln-ov, sr, ac: wr 6-f: c pu. 7 intermedia, 2f. wr my-f: c sub-pungent: 1 ol, sub-cor, ere: st woolly. Stan'leya. 13—2. 63. Lord Stanley. 1 pinnatifida, y. 21. gl, so: 1 sm int pnt: di sub-In, rt to: r tm. 3 £ S. 2 integrfolia, y. st si, an: 1 en, o, ol, ta both ends: r tm: silique lg pe. Staphyle'a. 5—3. 95» Gr. staphula, a bunch. Bladderwort. 1 trifolia, y-w. M. b. 1 in threes: r pnd: pt cil below. 6—12 £ Stark'ea. 17—2. 55. Rev. Mr. Starke. 1 spinulosus, y. Au. 21- 1 bi-pnt, gh-to: di li, m: fit andtm. 1-2£ S. Stat'ice. 5—5. 33. Gr. statio, to arrest. Marsh rosemary. 1 limo'nium, b. Au. 21- scp t: pn brh: 1 ln.ob, ot, m, g. 12—18 i. 2 armeria, r. 21- scp si, t: 1 li, flat. 1 £ Stella'ria, 10—3. 82. Lat. sle'la, star. Chick weed, star-wort. 1 media.'O. w. M. 21. 1 o, hr-o. g: st pc, al lines of h op sides. 9-15 i. 2 pu'bera, w. M. 2f. pu: 1 ss, o, cil: pd e, pt lg c. 6-10 i. STELLARIA, SUBULARIA. 219 3 borca'lis, w. Ju. 1 ln-ov: pd ax, el, 1-f: pt and c eq. 4 biflora, w. 3. 2f. ces: 1 sb, crd: brh 2-par: pt em: c striate. 5 palustris, w. 3. lln-li, en, gl: fpn: pt2-par, lg c. 6 uliginosa, w 3. st diffuse, pc, brh: 1 In, cil, nr at base: pd sm in pa. 7 humifusa, 0. 1 o, sub-secund, ss: st pc, 4-cornered: pd si, sh. 8 longipcs, g, gl: 1 li-sb, spr: pd tm, brh: bt mem; pd el: pt br lg c. 9 lacta, e, gl: 1 e, In, br at base, a, ere, so: pd sm in pa, 1-f, sm few-f. 10 prostrata, Ap. 0.1 o, a, so: pe lg: st prt, t, die, sub-pu. 1-4 £ S. 11 james'ia'na, pu: 1 In, sub-fal, ss, a: st sm brh: pn lax, div, pt lo. Ste'via. 17—1. 55. James Steve. 1 callosa, r. 0. 1 li, crd, sm sncculent cr at apex; up al: f div. S. Stic'ta. 21—5. 2. Gr. sticktos, dotted. 1 crocata, thallus dark, gl, brown, pitted, br, rd, spr en lo: lemon cl spots on mr, and on pits d tawny. 2 pulmonacea, thallus pitted, d be, so: segsin-Io, tru: rec mr, mr rg. Stillin'gia. 19—15. 96. Mr. Benjamin Stillingfleet. 1 sylvatica, y. 3. 2f. her: 1 ss, ln-ol, ta at base, sr. 2-3 £ S. 2 sebfera, Ju. b. 1 pe, rh, ac, en, gld base pe; s f pe. 20-40 £ 3 ligus'trina, J. fru: 1 In, ta to each end, en, pe: s fsh-pe. 6-12 f. Sti'pa. 3—2. 10. Gr. stupl, feathery substance. Feathergrass. 1 avenacea, 3. 21. 1 striate, g: pn spr, sub-unilt: brh wr with brh. 2 juncea, Au. 21. 1 fi: pn lax: c sm awned, lg seed: awn lg, pu. 3 canadensis, 1 se: pn sml: c g, ot-o, eq pu seed: awn sh. 4 expansa, 1 fur, g, sm g: sk al, pn, spr: fss, rt: clg co: awnsh, na. S 5 stricta, pn lg, nr: pd jt: awns na, sm fl. 6 parviflora, 2f. 1 rad, sub-rigid, fi: pn ap and diffuse, my-f. 1-2 £ Sti'pulici'da. 3—1. 30. Lat. stipubx, the stipule, and caedo, to cut. 1 setacea, w. M. 0? st e, so: 1 sml, op, spt: brh-1 none. 6-10 i. S. Stoke'sia. 17—1. 55. John Stokes. 1 syanea. b. 2f- st 1: 1 In: pdax, 1-f. S. Streptan'thus. 14—2. 63: Gr. streptos, twisted, and anthos, flower. 1 maculatus, p. M. 0. gl: st e, t: 1 els, hr-o, a, en: r tm. 1—2 £ S. Strepto'pus. 6—1. 12. Gr. streptos, twisted, and pous, foot. Rose bell-wort. 1 roseus, r-w. M. 21. g, shining: 1 els, sr-cil: anthers sh, 2-horned. 2 distortus, y. M. 2f- g: 1 els: pesl, twisted knee in middle. 2 £ 3 lanuginosus, g-y. J. 21- woolly: 1 ss, cor at base, ac: pe in pa. Struthiop'teris. 21—1. 5. Gr. strouthos, an ostrich, and pterux, a feather. Ostrich fern. 1 pennsylvanica, 2f • bar fr bipnt: di en, ot; lower el, a. Stuart'ia. 15—12. 70. John Stuart. 1 virginica, w. M. b.lo, ac: fax, in pa: c o, ot. pt en. 6—12 £ S. Stylosan'thes. 16—10. 93 Gr. stulos, a column, and anthos, flow- er. Pencil flower. 1 elatior, y. Au. 2f. st pu on one side: lln, g: bt In, cil. 9—15 i. Sty'rax. 15—12. 71. Gr. sturax, benzoin. 1 grandifolium, w. Ap. b. 1 br-ob, ac, tom be: rsi, ax, lbase. 4-12 i. S. 2 ptdverulentum, w. Ap. b, 1 ov, a, tom be: r It, few-f, 1. 18 i. 3 lae've, w. Ap. b. 1 In, ac each end, sr g: co tom: r It, 1. 4—6 £ 4 glabrum, w. Ap. b. 1 In ov, a each end, sr, mem, g: r It 1. 6—8 £ Subula'ria. 14—1. 63. Lat. subula, an awl. Awl-wort. J aquatica, w. Ju. 0. st-less: 1 sb. 1—2 i. 220 SUBULARIA, thalictrum. 2 alpi'na, A. 2f. stbrh: lob. S. Swbr'tia. 4—1. 46. Emanuel Swert. 1 deflexa, g-y. Ju. ft. co bl, with rx horn 1 o: brh sh. 18—24 i. 2 pusilla, b. J. 0. co wh, twice lg as c: st si, 1-f: 1 ol. 1 i. Sfastigidta, b. Ju. 2f. co bl, lg as c: f fs, ax tm: pe pa. S. Swietenia. 10—1. 71. Van Swieten.. Mahogony. 1 madiagonii. b. 1 sm 4-pa; 1 ln-o, uneq at base, ac: rax, pn. S. Sye'na. 3—1. 17. Arnold Syen. 1 fluviatilis, J. 21? 1 crd, sb: fax. si, lg-pd: pd re £ 2—3 i. S. Sympho'ria. 5—1. 58. Gr. sumphoreo, cluster. Peterwort. 1 racemosa, r. Au. b. r tm: co b. 2—3 £ Rochester. 2 glomerata. g-r. Au. b. r ax, capitate, glm. 3to4£ Sym'phytum. 5—1. 43. Gr. sumphuton, of sun, andphuo, grow to- gether. Comfreyr. 1 officinale, y-w. J. 21. 1 o-sub-ln, de rg. 2 to 4 £ E. Synan'dra. 13—1. 42. Gr. sun, together, and aner, stamens. I grandiflora, y-w. J. 2f? st sulcate: 1 sub-hir ab, hr-o, ac, ot dt; lower sub-pe: up ss, els: fsl, ss. 1 £ S. Syrin'ga. 2—1. 34. Gr. suriax, a pipe. Lilac. 1 vulgaris, b-p. w. M. b • 1 cor: f thyrse. E. 2 persica, b. w. M. b ■ 1 In, en pnt. 3 chinensis, b. M. b. 1 In: brh mottled. Tage'tes. 17—9. 55. Tages, a Tuscan divinity. Marigold. 1 erecta, y. Ju. 0.1 pnt; 1 In, cil-sr: pdl-f, sub-inf: c an. 2 patula, y. Ju. 0. 1 pnt; 1 In, cil-sr: pd 1-f: c so: st spr. Tali'num. 11—1. 86. Gr. thallo, green. 1 teretfolium, p. Ju. 2f. 1 cy, sb: pd el, na cymed. 4—10 i. Tanace'tum. 17—2. 55. Atltanasia, ancient name for tansey. 1 huronensis, y. 2f-1 bipnt, gh-sr, sub-tom be: pe thick: ray-f 4-5-cleft. 2 vulgarc, y. Ju. 2f- 12-pnt, gh sr. V. crispa, dense. E. Tax'us. 20—15. 100. Lat. taxus, ancient name for yew tree. Shin-. wood. Dwarf yew. False hemlock tree. 1 canadensis, O. Ap. b. Hi, 2-rank, mr rev: rec of s f glo. 2—6 f. 2 baccata, b. 1 li, 2-rank, flat: rec of sf glo. Tet'ragonothe'ca. 17—2. 55. Gr. tetragon, quadrangular, and theka, case. 1 helianthoides, y. 3. 2f. sea: lop, ss, ln-spt, to, pilose, gld-pnt. 2—3 f, Teu'crium. 13—1. 42. Teucer, founder of Troy. Wood-sage. 1 canadense, O. r. Ju. 2f. pu: 1 In, sr' pe: st e: sk wr, crd. 1—3 £ 2 laciniatum, sm b : 1 pnt 5-par; up 3-par; di li: fax. si pe; sh 1. Tha'lia. 1—1. 21. JohnThalius. 1 dealbarta, p. Au. 21- pn white-pulverulent: spa 2-f: 1 o, rev summit. S, Thalic'trum. 12—13. 61. Gr. tJiaUo, green. Meadow-rue, 1 dioicum, O. w-r. M. 2f. fdie: sfi: 1 dec, 3-ter; 1 rd, cor, ot lo, g: pd ax, sh than 1. It—2 £ 2 revolutum, O. w. Au. 2f. f die pol: s fi: 1 3-lo; mr rx pu be. 3 carolinianum, w. J. 21. f die, s fi: 1 o, 3-5-to, g, gl be: pd ax, lg 1. 4 rugosum, w. 3. 2f. ste, t: pn e, di: f crd: 1 o, sub-cor, ere. 2—5 £ 5 cornuti, g-y. Ju. 21. 1 dec; 1 o, 3-cleft: pn tm. 2—3 £ 6 corynellum, w. Ju. 2f. fpol: fi clavate: fru ss, fur, 1 3-lo. 3—4£ 7 purpurascens, 3. 21. st twice high 1: 1 rd, 3-cleft, gh: pn na: f no, 8 ranunculinum, 1 si, 5-lo, sr: f cmb. S, THALICTRUM, TILLANDSIA. 221 9 clavatum, 2f. fi club-form: pr cp, beaked sh style: lg, w stipes. Thap'sia. 5—2. 60. Thapsus, an island. 1 trifoliata, y. 2f. pe jt of st pu: 1 ter biter; 1 wd o, uneq gh sr, en at. base: u tm: par inv 3-1, sb. 3 f. 2 acaulis, w. 3. 2f. g, st-less: 1 bipnt, 1 li, scp sh rad 1. 2—3i. S. The'a. 12—1. 70. Gr. then, Chinese Teha. Tea. -1 bohea, b-f6-pt: 1 ol-ov, rg. E. 2 viridis, Tp. f9-pt: llg-ov. Perhaps a variety. Ther'mia. 10—1. 93. Gr. thermos, lupine. False lupine. 1 rhombifolia, y. 21. 1 rh-o, sm wd, pu be, ot: sti 1, rd o, sh pe. S. The'sium. 5—1. 25. Gr. theseion, garland. False toad-flax. 1 umbellatum, O. w-g. J. 21- e: 1 ol: u ax, sm ab ax: 3-5-f, f bt. 9-15 i. Thlas'pi. 14—1. 63. Gr. thlaS, to break. Shedherd purse. , 1 arvense, 3. 0. sub-or, cp, so: lol, to, g. Penny cress. 2 alliaceum, 0. silicle sub-o, inf: 1 ol, ot, to, g. 3 tuberosum, silicle sub-or, sh, cp: 1 rh o, os to, so, ss; rad lg-pe: st pu, sh si: ro tub fi. 4—5 i. 4 campcstrc, O. J. 0. sil obcor, inf, gld-pte: caul ar, to. Yellow seed. 5 bur'sa-pasto'ris, O. w. M. 0.hir: silicles obcor: rad 1 pnt. 6 alpestre, 1 en to; rad o, pe; cauol, els: pteq c: sil obcor 10 seeds. Thu'ja. 19—16. 100. Gr. thuion, sacrifice. Arbor vita?. 1 occidentulis, M. b. brh 2-edged: 1 im 4-ways, rh-o, cp; na, tubercled: strobiles ob; inner scales tru inf below apx. Thv'mus. 13—1. 42. Gr. thumos, cordial. Thyme. 1 serpyllus, b-p. J. b. fin hd: st crp: lflat, ot, cil at base. E. 2 vulgaris, b-p. J. 21. b. e: prt at base: 1 o li: f wr sk. 3 lanuginosus, 21. b. fin hd: st crp, hir: 1 ot, v Thy'sanocar'pus. 14—1. 63. Gr. thusanos, fringe, and kaipos, fruit. 1 curcipes, f r, sml: silicle pnd: st si, e: 1 rad, pnt. Rocky Mt. Tiarel'la. Id—2. 84. Tiaras, ornament for the head. Mitre-wort. 1 cordfolia, w. M. 21. 1 cor, a-lo, to: teeth m: scp r. 10 i. 2 menziesii, 21 • 1 o, cor, a, sh-lo, to; cau al: r fi, smsk: c tubular. 1 £ 3 trifoliata, 21. 1 ter; 1 sub-rh, sr, pilose: r tm; cmbof f al: c bl. 4 bracteuta, 2f. 1 rd-cor, gh-sr; sr m: scpr: fpentan, bt: ptnr. 5 biternata, y-w. J. If. 1 biter; 1 hr-o, gh-lo, to: st 1: pn tm, div, f sm sk. S. Tiga'rea. 11—1. 92. Tiger's teeth. 1 tridentatm, y. Ju. b. 1 crd end, brh, obcu, 3-to, v ab, tom be: ftm si. S. Til'ia. 12—1. 79. Lat. tilia, Linde. Bass-wood. 1 glabra, O. y-w. Ju. b. 1 rd-cor, ac, sr, sub-cr, g: pt tru at apx, ere: style eq nt: nut o. 40 to 80 £ 2 laxiflora, Tp. 1 cor, ac, to, mem, g: pn lax-f: pt em, sh style: nut glo. 3 pubescens, y-w. Ju. b. 1 tru at base, ac, to-sr, pu be: pn dense-f: pt eq to style: nut glo, so. V. 1 lax, sr,*sm mem. 4 heterophylla, 3. b.lo, oblique base eq tru cor, sr, tom be: nut-glo. S. Tillje'a. 4—4. 86. Tilli. Pigmy-weed. 1 ascendens, w. st as, ro lower jt: Icon, sb, fleshy: fax, si, ss. Tilland'sia. 6—1. 15. Tillands. Wild pine. 1 utriculata, w, 1 sm gl, concave br, sb, se at apx, ac, re dilated base: pn brh: fss: bt sm 2-rank, sh c: pt twice lg c, e eq. 3 f. S. 2 jun'cea, b. sti: 1 lg st, sh towards top, sm sb-se, re at apx, dilated base: sk com, my-f, dist: bt im, lg c. 1 £ 222 TILLANDSIA, TRICHOPHYLLCM. 3 prinifolia, b. st 1: 1 eq st, sh top, sub-pu, sb-se, t, e, concave base: sk si, few-f: bt sh, im: pt im tube, lg bt dilated middle, re at apx. 5 i. 4 bar'trami, b. st 1; 1 lg st sh towards fop, pu, sb-se, t, e, dilated at base; sk si, 6-8-f, 2-ranked: bt im: pt equi tube, dilated in middle. 10 i. 5 caespitosa, b. st scaly 1: 1 lg st, pu, sb-se, t, e, sm base: sk 3-4-f. 4i. 6 recurvata, 1 sh st, t, sb, se, pu, nr: st na, ab, 1-2-f: i ss: co lgc. 6 i. 7 usneoides, g. pu: st diffuse, fi, pn, brh, die, fl: 1 sb-fi, t, twisted: ftm, si, ss: c g, rusty, 3-pai: di sb. a, e: pt 3, br-li, rd at apx. Tipula'ria. 18—1. 21. Tipula, crane fly. 1 discolor, w. Au. 1 si, plaited n: fr, no, bt-less. Tofiel'dia. 6—3. 13. Mr. Tofield. 1 pubens, g-w. Au. 21- scp sea: sk ol, int: cps sub-glo, lg c. 12—18 i. 2 glutinosa, 2f. scp pe sea: sk with al fas: cps egg-form, twice lgc. S pusiUa, g-w. J. 2f. g: 1 sh: scp fi: sk few-f, glo: c adnate to rachis: 4 glabra, g-w. scp t, so: 1 li: sk sh, dense, ol: bt a, sml: pd si, an, lg f: styles 0: cps mem, eq co. 8—10 l. S. 5 glaberrima, w. Oc. 21- g: fr: buds apx, wr, 1-f. 2—3 £ Tor'reya. Ea. 11—1. 88. Prof. John Torrey. 1 ornata, y-w. 2f? I In. int pnt: seg sub-a: base of cps, 5 to 7-va: seed wmr. 2 to 4 feet high. F lr, si tm, ss. Missouri. S. 2 nuda, y-w. 2f. 1 sub-In, int pnt, seg ot: cps na, 3-va: seed mr. Tradescan'tia. 6—I. 13. Tradescants. Spider-wort. 1 virginica, b. p. M. 2f. e. brh: 1 In, el, g: fss: pd el: ucom, pu. 1-2 f. 2 rosea, r. M. 2f. e, si: 1 ln-li: pd el: c so. 8—12 i. Tra'gia. 19. 3. 96. Hieronymus Tragus. 1 ramosa, st her, pilose, brh: 1 pe, ln-o, sr, hir be, sub-cor atbaae. 8i. 2 wens, Ju. 2f. e: lln, ss, ot, sub dt at apex: stbrh pu. 12—18 i. S. 3 urticifolia, Ju. 0. 1 cor, o, sr; st e, hir. 12—18 i. 4 macrocarpa, Ju. 0. cli, his: Icor, o, a to. Tragopo'gon. 17—1. 53. Gr. tragos, a goat, andpogon, beard. Veg- etable oysters. Goat beard. Salsafy. 1 porrifolius, p. Ju. b. c lg rays of co; co nr, tru: pd. E. Tre'pocar'pus. 5—2. 60. Gr. trepo, to turn, and Imrpos, fruit 1 aethusa, u5-rayed: fru 4 times lg asbr: 1 my-cleft, li lo. S. 2 brachycarpus, u 2-3-rayed: fru 3 times lg as br. Trib'ulus. 10—1. 81. Gr. tribolos, thistle. 1 maximus, y. Ju. 1 pnt; 1 4 pa, outer lr: pr 10-seeded, not sp. 1-2 £ S. 2 trijugatus, y. 0.1 3 pa; tmlr, pu be: cps5, 1-seeded, m, sp-less. Tri'chochlo'a. 3—2. 10. Gr. thrix (trichos) hair, and chloa, green herbage. 1 capillaris, 2f. 1 fi, so: pn diffuse, cap: pe lg than awns. 2 £ Tricho'dium. 3—2. 10. Gr. thrix (trichos) hair. 1 laxiflorum, 21- culm e: 1 se she sm sea: pn diffuse, cap, trie brh. 18 i. 2 acabrum, Ju. 2f. culm knee Mh: 1 ln-li, flat, striate, sea: she so: pn wr div: c uneq: c > o, a, 3-n. 12—18 i. 3 elatum, Au. 2f. culm e, firm: 1 nr-li, flat, sea: she so: pn wr. 3 £ 4 montanum, Ju. 2f. culm ces, e: 1 inv-fi with she sea: pneap. 9__12 i. 5 perenneum, 21. culm dc: pn sm diffuse; brh wr trie: f r. 1__2 £ Tri'chophyl'lum. 17—2. 55. Gr. thrix (trichos) hair, and phullon, a leaf. 1 lanatum, y. Ju. 21. woolly, pnt. See Actinella. 2 oppositfolium, Ju. 21? dc, brh: sh pu: 1 op, pal-3-cleft. 6__12 i. S, TRICHOSTEMA, TRILLIUM. 223 Tri'choste'ma. 13—1. 42. Gr. thrix (trichos) hair, and sterna, sta- men. Blue curls. 1 dichotoma, b. Au. 0.1 ln-o: brh f, 2-forked: slg, blue, curved. 6-12 i. Trienta'lis. 7—1. 35. Lat. trims, the third, or third of a foot high. Chick winteigreen. 1 americana, O. w. Ju. 2f. 1 In, sr, ac: pt ac. 3—6i. Trieo'lium. 16—10. 93. Lat. tres, three, and folium, leaf. Clover. 1 reflexum, r. J. 21. prt, pu: 1 ob: sti cor: hd my-f: f pe. 12—18 i. 2 repens, O. w. M. 2f. crp: 1 o-ol, em, sr: f in u hd: teeth ofc sub-eq. 3 pratense, O. r. M. 21. as, so: 1 o, sub-en: sti awned: sk o: lower to of c sh than tube ofco, lg teeth. 2—3 £ 4 pennsylvanicum, r. 3. 2f. as: stbrh, zigzag: 1 ov-o, ot, en: sti awned; sk o cy, dense, si: lower to ofc sh tube of co. 5 arvense, O. w. Ju. 0 e, brh, v: 1 li-obln: sk v, ov-cy. 6—10 i. 6 agrarium, y. 3. 0. e, sub-pu: 1 ln-wd/ot, middle ss: sti In, a. 7 procumbens, y 3. 0. prt: st h: 1 ob, sub-m, g: sti sh, In, a. 3—6 i. 8 campestre, y. 0. sk o, im: banner per; 1 ln-o, middle pe: st spr, ban rx. 9 stotoniferum, w. 3. 21. sg from base of st: 1 ob, uneq sr on sides, to at end: teeth ofc nr-ln or sb, lg tube: fir, in hd sk. 10 aUissimum, g: st e, tall: 1 ln-li, to, pe ig; tip 1 sub-ss; stiln-ac. 11 spinulo'sum, prt, g: 1 ol, a both ends, sp-to: sti o ac, sp-sr: inv 1-1: hd sub-glo, sh: c sh than co. 12 cyathiferum, prt, ram, g: 1 ol, or ob, m, sp-to: inv lr, 1-1, cap-form, 13 involucratum, 0. hd rd, pd: sur or to rec: sti ol, awn, to: st e, brh, 14 nanum, p. 2f • hd few-f, u: le 4-5-seeded: c g: teeth eq. I—2 i. 15 caroliniunum, p-w. Ap. 21 sml, prt: 1 obcor, up em h to: sti2-cleft: u capitate, pd, few-f: co ex: le 3-4-seeded. 3—10 i. S. 16 microcephalum, w-p. Ju. 2f. as, pu: 1 ob, em. dt: sti o, ac: hd sml. Triglo'chin. 6—3. 7. Gr. treis, three, and glochin, an angle. Arrow- grass. 1 maritimum, g. Ju. 21 • fru o-ol, of 6 cps. Cps vary iu nm 3-6. 9->15i. 2 palustrcs, g. Ju. 21- ftrian: fru 3 cps, li, ta at base. 6 to 12 i. 3 triandrum, Ju. trian: f 3-cleft, sh-pd: cps rd trian: 1 sub-se. 6to9i. Trigonel'la. 16—10. 93. Lat. trigona, triangular. Funegreek. 1 fctnum-grcecum, 0. le ss, si, e, fal, ac: st e: 1 wd-ol. E. 2 sericea, y. Ju. 0. 1 ter, ss, ol, a, v: pdax, l-f, lg 1: f 1-bt. S. Tril'lium. 6—3. 12. Lat. trilix, triple. Wake robbin. I ses'sile, p. M. 2f. fss, e: pt In, e, twice lg asc: 1 ss, br-o, a. 8—10 i, 2 petiolatum, p. J. 2f. f ss, e: pt ln-li, e, lg c: 1 lg-pe, ln-ov, a. 3 erythrocarpum, w. & r. M. 2f. pd e: pt ln-o, ac, re, twice lg nr-l-c: 1 o, ac, rd base, pe. Smiling robin. 8 i. 4 pusil'lum, r. M. 21. pd e; pt lgc: 1 ov-ol, ot, ss. 5 pendu'lum, w. M. 21- pd f pnd, pt flat, o, sh ac, eqc: c o-ac: 1 rd-rh. 6 purpu'reum, p. 1 spt-o, ac, net-ve: f pd, no: pt lr c. 7 erectum, p. w-y. 2f. pd e, f no: pt o, ac. spr, eq c: 1 rh, ac, ss 9-16 i, 8 obovatum, r-w. 21 • pd e: pt ob, ot, flat, spr, lg or br c: 1 rh-o, ac ss. 9 grandiflorum, w. 21- pd curved, f no: pt ln-spt, connivent base, lrc: 1 br-rh-o. Ber dark purple If.. 10 cer'nuum, r-w. M. 21- pdre: pt In, ac, lrc: 1 ob ov ta. 12—18 i. S. 11 stylosum, A. r-w. pd shf, re: ptspr, ol, ot, lr c: style 1. 8—10 i. 12 nervosum, r-w. Ap. pd re: pt ln-ol, lr c: 1 In o, aat each end. 6—8 i. 13 ovatum, p. Ap. 21- pd e: ptol, a, spr, lg lie: 1 o, a, close ss. 224 TR10STEUM, ULEX. Trios'teum. 5—1. 58. Gr. treis, three, and osteon, bone. Fever root, horse ginseng. „ . c 1 perfoliatum, O. p. J. 2f. 1 ov, ac, sub-pu be: fss, wr: ber y or p. 2-4 £ 2 angustfolium, y. Ju. 2f. 1 ln-ov, sub-con pdop, 1-f: st his. Z—6 1. b. Tripho'ra. 18—1. 21. Contracted from trianthophorus, bearing three flowers. Three-bird oichis. 1 penduto, w-p. Au. 2f. ro tub: sti, 3-f at top: 1 els, o,al; lip-en. 4-bi. Trip'sacum. 19—3. 10. Gr. tripsis, grinding. Sesame giass. 1 dactyloides, 3. 21. sknm, (3—4,) f s near summit; p below. 3—5 f. 2 cylindricum, sk si, cy, in shjts; f per. S. Tripterel'la. 3—1. 18. Gr. treis, three, andpterux, wing. 1 capitata, w. J. 0. ftm hd. an of gm scarcely wi. 6—8 i. S. 2 coerulea, b. 0? ffew tm r: an of gm wi. 2—4 i. Trise'tum. 3—2. 10. Lat. tres, three, and seta, bristle. 1 palustre, 3. 21- P" n°> sm wr: c2-3-f: f so, ac; lowerawnless. 1-2 £ 2 purpurescens, 21- pn si, sm r, few-f: c few-f: glu uneq, en: 1 so. 2 £ 3 subspicutum, 21- pn sm sk: awn at lg rx, exceeding c. Trit'icum. 3—2. 10. Lat. tritum, ground. Wheat. 1 pauciflorum, sk si, e: sk 2-f: culm si, 1, t, striate, so: 1 sm gl. 2 fi 2 hybernum, 3. ft. c-glu 4-f, tumid, im, with sh cp point: sti jagged. E. 3 astivum, 3. 0. c 4-f, tumid, so, im, awned. Is this a Var? 4 compos'itum, sk com;* sk crd, awned. Egyptian wheat. Trol'lius. 12—13. 61. German, trollen, to roll. Globe flower. 1 laxus, y. M. 21- pt 5, ol, spr: ne sh s: pt 5, ob: cap sh: crown stage. TropWlum. 8—1. 73. Gr. tropaiou, a trophy. 1 majus, y. r. Ju. 0. 2f. 1 peltate, sub-re: pt ot. E. Troxi'mon. 17—1. 53. Gr. troximon, eatable. 2 glaucum, y. Ju. ft. scp 1-f, g: 1 ln-li, flat, en, gl both sides. S. 3 cuspidatum, y. M. scp 1-f.snb-pu: Hi, tom on mr: di ofc im. g. Tu'lipa. 6—1. 14- Persian, tulipes, turban. 1 suavc'oleiis, sweet tulip. 21- sml: st 1-f, pu: fe: pt ot, g: 1 ln-o. E. 2 aesneriana, common tulip. 21- st 1-f, g: f cl, e: pt ot, g: 1 ln-o. Tul'lia. 13—1. 42. Prof. Tully. False mt. mint. 1 pyenan'themoides, r-p. Au. 2(. 1 o, ac, ta to base, rt to. 2—3 £ S. Turnera. 5—3. 79. Dr. William Turner. 1 cistoides. y. Ju. 0. pd ax, 1: 1 sr at summit. Turri'tis. 14—2. 63. Lat. turns, a tower. 1 ovata, w. M. ft. pu: rad 1 pe, o, to, ot; cau 1 els, ol, sr, a. 2 glabra, e: radl pe, to, brh h; up br-ln, g, half els, gl: pod nr h, e. 3 stricta, e, g. 1 In; rad pe-to; cau half-cls, sub-dt: f and siliques li. 4 retrofr'ac'ta, e, white-pu or g: 1 In; rad pe, to; cau sagittate, half-cls. Tussica'go. 17—2. 55. Lat. tussis, a cough, and ago, to drive.-— Colt's foot. 1 farfara, y. Ap. 2f. scp 1-f, scaly: 1 cor, an, to, d be. 4—b t. 2fri sub-en, mr rev: pe so: cymes pd. 8—10 f. 5 cassidoides, 3. Tp. g: 1 ln-o, a at each end, ere, sub-rev at mr: pe ke. 6 dentutum, w. M. b. so: 1 rdand o. a, to-sr, gboth sides. 4—12 £ 7 pubescens, w. 3. Tp. pu: 1 rd-o, ac, to-sr, fur-plaited, v be: sti 2. 6 £ 8 lantanoides, w. M. ^.1 br, rd-cor, ac, uneq sr; peand n d. 4 t0 8 £ 9 acerfolium, O. w. J. b. 1 hr-o, 3-lo, ac, sr, pu be, cyme lg pd. 4 to 6 £ 10 oxycoe'eus, r-w. J. b. 1 3-lo, 3-n: Ho lg-ac, withsc teeth. 5to 8 £ 11 ed'ule, w. Ju. b. 1 3-lo, of. at base, 3-n: lo sh, to sr, ac sr: pe gld. 12 op'ulus, w. J. b. 1 3-lo, to: pe gld, so: fin compact cymes. E. 13 linus, r-w. b.lo, en, with tufts of h in ax of ve be: fin so cymes. 14 obovatum, M. b. g: lob, cre-dtor en, ot cymes ss: frurdo. 6£ S. 15 Umigatum. w. J. b. 1 In, so, rt sr, en at base: brh 2-edged. 16 nitidum, b. g: lln-li, shining on upper surface, os sr or en: brh 4-an. 17 molle, 3. 21- 1 rd-cor, fur-plaited, to, pu be: pe sub-gld: cymes rays. Vi'cia. 16—10. 93. Lat. vincio, to bind. Tare, bean, vetch. 1 sati'va, O. b-p. Ju. 0. fin pa, sub-ss: sti to, marked dots: 1 ol-o. 2 americana, p. M. 21- sub-pu: pd my-f, sh 1: sti to: lnm, ln-ov, ot, m. 3 cracca, b. S. 21- skmy-f, im backwards,, lr 1: stili-sb, en; 1 nm, ln-ol. 4 caroliniana, w. M. 21. pdmy-f; f distant: sti ln-o, en: 1 8 to 10, ln-ov. 5 tridentata, b. sr sub-pu. 1 nm, nr-ol, en, ot, sh-m, pilose ab, pilose be. 6faba, w. b. J. 0. st my-f, e, strong: le as, cr: 1 ov, a, en. E. 7 sylvatica, p. pd my-f, lg 1: 1 ov: sti lunulate, se to. S. 8 acutifolia, w. Ap. 2f? pd few-f, lg 1: sti In, en: Hi, a each end: st g. Villar'sia. 5—1. 46. Wm. Villars. Floating hearts. 1 lacunosa, w. Ju. 2f. 1 hr-ren, sub-pel, floating: pe bearing f. co g. 2 cordata, Ju. 2f. 1 cor, en: pe bearing £ S. Vin'ca. 5—1. 47. Lat. vincio, to bind. Periwinkle. 1 minor, b. Ap. b. st pc: 1 ln-ov, so at edges, f pd: teeth ofc In. E. 2 major, b. M.—S. b ste: 1 ocil, f stalked: teeth ofc se el. 6 £ Viola. 5—1. 80. Lat. viola, Gr. iron,, violet. Violet, pansy, heart- ease 30. (No stem. Corol blue or violet. Leaves undivided.) 1 cucullata, O. p. M. 2f. g: 1 cor, sub-ac: pd lg 1. 2 affinis, O. b. p. M. 21 • g: 1 cor, sub-ac: pd sh 1. 3 congener, p. Ap. 21. h; 1 cor, dc into pe: pd sh 1: di c en behind: pd sm 4-sided. 4 asarifolia, p. M. 21- h: 1 lr, o-ren, dc into pe: pd sh. 5 sororia. b. p. M. 21- 1 h ab, g be, rd-o, pe sh with sml sti: pd lg ofl. 6 emarginata, b. p. M. 2£.g: 1 o, up gh-to at base, n lr: pd lg 1: pt em d. viola, vitis. 2291 7 sagittata, b. p. Ap. 21. g: 1 cil, hr-ar, ghbase, pdlg 1: spur el. 8 ovata, p Ap. 21. h: 1 cil, sub-cor, dcinto pe: di ofc em: spurbr. 9 odorata, b. M. 21- shoots crp: 1 cor: c ot. E. 10 villosa, p. b. M. 2f. h: 1 rd-o, ot, ve cl, pd lg 1, become g after £ S. ( No stem. Corol blue or violet. Leaves divided.) 11 palmata, p. b. 21- h: 1 hr-ren, 5-lo, sh than pd: di ofc enbehind. 12 pedata, p. b. M. 21. g; 1 di, di li 3-lo at end, sm In. 13 heterophylla, Mi. 2f. g: 1 pal-lo, sm cor ol: di ofc sb, em behind. 14 septemloba, p. Mr. 21- g: 1 ped, with many o, cor, dt; lower en: di of c In, en behind. (No stem. Corol not blue or violet.) 15 amoena, w. Ap. 21. g: lo and h ab, pd lg as 1, spotted. 16 blanda, w. Ap. 21. g: 1 rd, with sc h ab; pe h: pd lg than 1. 17 primulfolia, w. 3, 2f. sarmenting, g: lol, de into pe, be sm h: pdlg, than 1. 18 lanceolata, w. Ap. 21- g: 1 nr-ln, lg, ta to pe: pd lg as 1. 19 rotundifolia, O. y. M. 2f. g: 1 or, br-o, h at n be: spur sh. 20 clandestina, 3. 2f. g, sub-dc: lbr-o: pd brh, with sml bt. ( Having stems. Corol yellow or white.) 21 striata, y-w. J. 21- st oblique, brh an, 1 rd-o, h sm: pe lg, lr sti: pd lg than 1. 22 pubescens, O. y. 2f. h: st si, lbr-o, pe sh with lr sti: pd sh thanl. 23 hastata, y. M. 2f. g: st si: 1 hastate and deltoid ab, others o: pd sh 1. 24 debilis, w. Mr. 21- st dc, brh: 1 br-o: sti torn, cil. 25 nutalli, y. M. 21. g: st si: 1 ln-o: ta to base: sti ln-li, en. ( Having stems. Corols not yellow or white.) 26 canadensis, r. y. w. M. 21, g: st si: 1 o: sti en mem, ln-o: bt sml, sb f regular: spur sh. 27 rostrata, O. b. p. M. 21 • g: st my: 1 rd-o, with few h, sh than pe: pd lg fi: spur lg. 28 muhlenbergia, b. p. M. 2f. g: st sub-prt: 1 sub-ren, sh than pe: sti lr, ln-o, cil: bt minute: spur extended. 29 tenella, b-w. M. 0. sub-g: ro fi: st 3-an, si: upl ln-o, un rd or spt. 30 tricolor, p- y. b. M. 2f. st an, di: 1 ol, deeply ere: sti ly-pnt. 31 selkirkii, p? 1 cor, cre-sr, sub-h: pub-less: spur lg, thick, ot. ( Unknown as to stems and color of corol.) 32 alleghensis, 2f. h: 1 o and hr-ol, sub-en: pe mem: spur sack-like. 33 radicans, 2f. sml ro run horizontally: stgmr: Hn-o, contracting ab- ruptly at Jbase. F minute, middle pt ob. Virgil'la. 10—1. 93. Latin poet Virgil. 1 lutea, y. J. b. lpnt; 1 al, o, sh ac, g: rel, pnd: le pe, flat. S. Vis'cum. 20—4. 58. Lat. viscum, from the Gr. ixos. Misletoe. 1 verticillatum, g-w. J. b. brh op and wr: 1 wd-ob, 3-n: sk ax. 1-2 £ 2 rubrum, Tp, 1 ln-ob, ot: sk ax, wr. S. 3 purpureum, Tp. 1 ob, ot, os 3-n: sk ax: fop. Vi'tis. 5—L 72. Celtic gtcyd, (pronounced wyd.) Grape. 1 labrusca, w-g. 3. Tp. I br-cor, lo an, white d be; fer r sml: ber blue. 2 vulpina, O. w-g. J. b. 1 cor, ac, gh-to, g sides; n and vepu: rlax. 3 aestivalis, E. w-g. J. b • 1 br-cor, 3 to 5-lo; in young state rust-d be; 4 ripa'ria, w-g. M. b. 1 uneq gh-to, sh 3-cleft, pu onpe, n and mr 5 vinifera, J. b. 1 sin-lo, na or d. E. 230 VITIS, ZANTHOXYNUM. 6 rotundfoiia, M. b. 1 lucid, cor. uneq to: fof r in my sml hd: ber lr. 7 palmata, b. 1 cor, pal, g; di In, gh: u r. Vitta'ria. 21—1. 5. Lat. vitta, a fillet. 1 lineata, 21- fr H, lg. Pnd: fru dot-s sl> within mr: 1 grass-like. S. Wendlan'dia. 6—6. 77. M. Wendland. 1 populfolia, w. J. Tp. st cli; brh pu, striate: 1 al, pe, cor, o, m. S. Windso'ria. 3—2. 10. John Windsor,. Red top. 1 seslerioides, Au. 21.• pn spr and fl: sk all pd, 6-f, In. 3-5 £ 2 ambig'ua, S. 2[. pn sk, spr: sk o, thick, ss, 5-6-f: va ofco m. 2 £ S. Wood'sia. 21—1. 5. Joseph Woods. Flower-cup. 1 hyperbo'rca, Ju. 21- fr put: 1 3-par, gh-pnt, wd-form, ot, to, rough-h. 2 ilvensis, Ju. 21- fr bipnt: diol, ot: lower repand; up en, rough-h be. Woodward'ia. 21—1. 5. Thomas J. Woodward. Kidney-fern. 1 angustfolia, Au. 21. bar fr pnt: di In, re, sr: fruit bearing fr pnt. 2 virginica, Ju. 2f- fr g, pnt: 1 ss, In, pnt: di ol, ot ere, fer el: stipe g. 3 thelypteroides, Ju- 2f. fr pnt; wi-1 ss, v at base, ln-li, pnt. 6i. S. Xan'thium. 19—5. 55. Gr. xantlws, yellow. Clott-burr. 1 strumarium, Au. 0. st unarmed, brh: 1 cor, lo, sr, sea, 3-n at base. 2 orienta'le, 0. st unarmed: 1 wd o, sub-3-lo: fru in strobile. 3 spinosum, Ju. 0. spi in threes: 1 3-lo. L sin-lo. 1—3 £ Xanthorhiza. 5—13. 61. Gr. xanthos, yellow, and riza, root. Yel- low parsley. 1 apifolia, Ap. b. st si: 1 3-ter: pe els at base: r below 1, com. 1--3 £ Xerophyl'lum. 6—3. 13. Gr. xcros, dry, and phullon, leaf. 1 asphodeloi'des, w. J. 2f. fi dilated towards base, eq co. 3—5 £ 2 teuax, w. J. 2f. scd 1: r showy, lax: btmem: pt ov: fi exceed co. S. 3 gramineum, Au. 2f. scp 1, pn: r div; bt o, lg thar pe: pt ol. ac. 2£ Xylos'teum. 5—1. 58. Gr. xulon, wood, and osteon, bone. Fly-ho- ney-suckle- Twin-berry. 1 ciliatum, w-y. M. b. ber distict: 1 o and sub-cor, mr cil. 3-4 £ 2 solo'nis, y. M. b. ber united: 2-f on one gm: 1 ol-o, v. 2 £ 3 villosum, Tp. brh v: 1 ol-ov, ot, sub-tom, v: pdsh: ber blue. Xy'ris. 3—1. 13. Gr. xuros, pointed. Yellow-eye grass. 1 caroliniana, y. Au. 21- Hi, grass-like: st 2-edged: hd-o-a. 9—18 i. 2 brevifolia, y. Au. 21- 1 sb, sh: c lg bt, gh-to. 12 i. 3fimbriata,, 3. 21.• hd lax-im: c lg bt, fimbriate: 1 lg, ensi. 2 £ S. 4 juncea, M. 21- 11, a: scp t, she at base: bt rd: hd ov. 6—12 i. 5 indica, y. 3. 2f. 1 lg, grass-like, tortuous: scp tortuous: hd glo. Yuc'ca. 6—1. 14. Yuca, an Indian name. 1 filamentosa, w. Au. 21. st-less: 1 br-ln, en, fi on mr. 2—5 £ S. 2 angustfolia, w. Ju. 21- st-less: 1 lg-li, gl, m, sm fi on mr: cps lr. 3 recurvfolia, p-w. Ju. b. 1 ln-li, re-def, fi on mr: inner pt br. , 3 £ 4 gloriosa, w. Au. b. brh: 1 hi, plaited, en: ptln. 2—4 £ 5 alnifolia, w. Au. b. brh: 1 ln-li, with callous ere, rigid. 10—12 £ Za'mia. 20—. 100. Gr. zemia, loss. 1 integrifolia, Tp. fr pnt; 1 In, rd-ot, attenuate at base, sr on outside. S. Zanichel'lia 19—1. 7. ^J. J. Zanichelli. False pond-weed. 1 intermedia, anther 2-celled: stg dt-cre: seed so: en on back. 2 palustris, Ju. 0. anthers 1-celled: stg en: seed to on baek. Zanthoxylum. 20—5. 94. Gr. xanthos, yellow, and zulon, wood. Prickly ash. Tooth-ache bush. 1 fraxineum, O. g-w. M. b. pk 1 pnt; 1 ln-ov, sub-en, ss. 8—12 £ zanthoxylum, zostera. 231 2 tricarpum, 3. Tp. 1 pnt, g; 1 pe, ln-falcate, cre-sr: pe unarmed: f co. Zapa'nia. 13—2. 40. Paul Anthony Zappa. Frog fruit. 1 nodiflora, w. Ju. 21. 1 wd-ob, sr ab: sk hd-conic, si, lg-pd: st crp. 2 lanceolata, w. Ju. 21-1 ln-li, sr: sk hd-conic, si, lg-pd: st crp. 3 cuneifolia, st her, pc? sm sea: 1 nr-wd-form, thick, g, to tow apex. Ze'a. 19—3. 10. Gr. zea, from zao, to live. Indian corn. 1 mays, y-g. Ju. 0. 1 ln-li, en, ke. V. precox, stlow: seeds 8-row. S. Zigade'nus, 5—3. 13. Gr. zugos, a yoke, and aden, gland. 1 glaberrimus, w. J. 21. scp 1: bt o, ac: pt ac: 1 lg, re. 2—4 fl 2 elegans, w. J. 2f. scp na: bt li: pt o, a. S. Zin'nia. 17—2. 55. M. Zinn- Blood Marigold. 1 violacea, r. Ju. 1 o-a, ss, sub-cre: apex of chaffor scales fhn-sr. E. 2 multiflora, r. S. 0. lop, ln-o, snb-pe, fpd. S. Ziza'nia. 19—6. 10. Gr. zizanion, darnel. Wild rice. 1 aquatica, Au. 0. pn py, s f below, spr; p fab, sk: pe elavate. 4—8 £ 2 miliacea, Au. pn effuse, py: glu sh-awned: sand p f int: seed o. 6f. Zi'zia. 5—2. 60. Gr. zizanion, a troublesome weed. Meadow pars- nip, alexanders. 1 aurea, O. y. J. 21. 1 biter: 1 ln-ov: u with sh pd: 1 q. 1—2 £ 2 integcrrima, O. y. J. 21- g: 1 sub-gl, lower 3-ter, up twice. 12-18 i. 3 cordata, O. y. J. 2f. rad 1 rdcor, ere: cau pe, ter; up 3-par: u sh pe. Zi'zyphus. 3—1. 95. Lat. zizipha, a kind of plum. Supplejack. 1 volubilis, g-y. 3. Tp. unarmed: 1 o, ribbed, en, sub-undulate. S. Zor'nia. 16—10. 93. John Zorn. 1 tetraphylla, y. Jn. 2f. 1 digitate; 14, In, g: sk ax, pd: fal. 2 £ S- Zoste'ra. 19—1. 7. Gr. zoster, a girdle. Eel-grass. 1 marina, Au. 21.. 1 en, sm 8-n: st t. L lg: f minute.. ABBREVIATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. Time of Flowering. Mr. March—Ap. April—M.May—J. June—Ju. July—Au. August— S. September—Oc. October. Duration of Plants. 0 annual—ft biennial—21 perennial—b woody. Color of Corols. r. red—p. purple—y. yellow—w. white—b. blue—g. green. Height of Plants. i. used at the end of specific descriptions, after a figure, signifies inch- es; as Stachys hyssopifolia. The 12—15 i. at the the end of the de- scription, means 12 to 15 inches high. But 4-f, not at the end, means 4-flowered. £ used in the same manner, signifies feet; as Spiraea betuli- folia. The 1 fat the end, means that the stem is one foot long. Localities E. at the end of a generic or specific description, means that the genus or species is exotic; and that all following species, unto the end, or unto one with S. at the end, are exotic. S. at the end of a generic or specific description, means that the whole genus, or the species to the end, are found exclusively South of a straight line from the mouth of the Delaware, to the south end of Lake Michigan. Artificial and Natural Classification. Three numbers following a generic name, mean, artificial class, arti- ficial order, and natural order of Jussieu; as Papaver. 12—1. 62. means, that this genus (poppy,) is class 12, (polyandria,) order 1, (mo- nogynia,) natural order 62, (Papaveraceae.) On turning to the na- tural orders, it will be seen at the foot ofthe page, that this order has been subdivided into Nymphaceae, Nelumboneae, Podophyllacea, and Saraceneae, by Lindley and others. And against Papaveraceae, it will be seen, that its properties are, Narcotic and Anodine. English Names. English names are set at the end of specific descriptions, in some cases; in others, against the generic names, with or without references to particular species by number: as they happen to be the general names ofthe genus, (as strawberry, under Fragaria,) or the particular names of species, (as sorrel the 9th under Rumex.) NATURAL METHOD; INCLUDING VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY. SEEDS. Plants are distributed into three grand divisions, by the structure of the seeds. Farther subdivisions are often described by references to the eeeds; and as they contain the rudiments of future plants, they are im- portant in the study of vegetable physiology. For these reasons, as well as on account ofthe proximate chemical principles of vegetables, seeds should be attentively studied at this stage of a course of instruc- tion. In studying seeds, we examine attentively their cotyledons, (being their thick lobe-like parts, as the two halves of a pea, or the chief mass of a kernel of Indian corn) their corcles, (the rudiments of future plants;) their teguments, or testa, (the outer skin or bark;) hilum or eye, (the scar or spot by which the seed was attached at the time it was growing.) The hilum is at the base of the seed. Seeds of all Crypto- gamous plants are destitute of cotyledons. Neither the corcle, tegument, nor hilum, are perfectly distinct; and it is even doubtful, whether we find analagous parts in any of them. We presume the existence of a part equivalent to the corcle; because the laminse of mushrooms grow under the culture of the gardener. Blight in grain, and numerous other fungi, as well as mosses, ferns, &c, produce something equivalent to the power of seeds, as appears from their origin and growth. These equivalent masses are called Spo- rules, from Greek spora, offspring, because they origin to a new indi- vidual whether on the place of seeds or buds. Being always destitute of cotyledons, plants bearing such seeds or sporules are called Acotyle- donous. from Greek, a, without kotulodon, cup or head ofthe hip joint. Plants bearing seeds, which have cotyledons, are called Cotyledonous. EXERCISES IN THE STUDY OF SPORULES AND SEEDS. ACOTYLEDONOUS SEEDS. Make a small blank book, with leaves of white, blue, and red. Pre- pare a vial of a thin solution of perfectly limpid gum arabic. Smear a small spot on the while paper; and strew upon it the black dusty seeds of a puff-ball, very thinly. Subject these seeds to a good microscope in a strong light. In the same manner attach the seeds of numerous other cryptogam- ous plants; as of mosses, ferns, &c. Let each kind be strewed upon paper ofthe color differing the most from the color of the seed. This collection may be preserved for the purpose of reviewing them at any 20* 234 SEEDS. future time. The examination ofthe seeds, or sporules, of Lichenes is the most interesting and important. Collect some of the largest recep- tacles (cups) from various colored species of lichens. Cut them with a very sharp knife, both vertically and horizontally. Attach them to the paper as before directed. Some may be attached to it in the position in which they stand naturally on the frond. These will form exceedingly interesting subjects for the microscope. The sporules of cryptogamous plants are scarcely ever to be improv- ed, for the purpose of examination by putting them in a situation to germinate. COTYLEDONOUS SEEDS. The examination of seeds, which have either one or two cotyledons, is one of the most important exercises in the study of vegetable physi- ology.* Bnt no satisfactory progress can be made in this study, with- out the aid of seeds in all stages of germination, from the first swelling ofthe seed to the developement ofthe blade, or first leaving. The fol- lowing is, probably, the best method for preparing seeds. Collect a pint or quart of clean loam, which contains no manure nor any other mix- ture. Spread this upon a plate about an inch and a half in thickness, after being finely pulverized. Check the surface into squares, and num- ber the squares by a minute paper label. Plant seeds in squares No. 1 the first day, No. 2 the second day, and so on through a week, or even a fortnight. Sprinkle the loam daily with water, and set the plate in a moderately warm place. When the seeds are to be used for instruc- tion, let one of each number be taken out and carefully washed. This will enable the student to compare the seeds in all stages of germina- tion. Some seeds may be prepared by laying them on a plate, covering them with a wet cloth, and sprinkling them daily. A few seeds should be put into warm or hot ley-water, for the purpose of taking off the teg- ument (or hull) so as to leave the cuticle beneath entire. AU seeds have this outer tegument, (testa or primines,) excepting the conifcreae, as pine trees, &c, and the Cycadeae, as sago-plant. It will be most ad- visable to examine the two grand divisions of Cotyledonous Seeds sepa- rately. They are Monocotyledonous, having one cotyledon to the seed; and Dicotyledonous, having two cotyledons to the seed. The grand di- visions should be numbered from MONOCOTYLEDONOUS SEEDS. Indian, corn. (Zea.) This seed is always at hand and is very large, and well adapted to the exercise of the student. In truth the teacher will make the best possible advancement with a class, by examining this seed thoroughly. First exhibit the farinaceous character of the albumen, by pounding Indian corn in a mortar; or by shewing common Indian meal. Next shew the outer tegument (primina) separated by ley. Thirdly, point out the whole mass of the embryo, when it first begins to sprout. It will * It is remarkable that no directions for this exercise has hitherto been published in English, French, German, or Latin. SEEDS. 235 then be lens-form, and lie on one side of the base of the kernel. After sprouting a little, the lobe (the chief mass of the kernel) will begin to shew, that it is becoming (changing into) the cotyledonous leaves. The upper part ofthe corcle, which seems to run into the cotyledon, begins to become the stem; and the lower part ofthe corcle. begins to extend downwards to form the root. The student should carefully examine the Indian corn in all stages of its germination and growth, until the blade is fully formed and grown to the height of three or four inches. Wheat, Rye, Oats, &c. These seeds all present the elementary cha- racteristics ofthe Indian corn. But a close inspection ofthe undescrib- ed differences and analogies, and even the comparison of equivalent powers, will be of great importance to the student, in aid of his further investigations. Carex. Procure the largest seeds of some species of the sedge grass. Proceed in all respects as with Indian corn. The seed is a kind of nut, crustaceous and bony. The carex, as well as all other genera ofthe or- der Gramineae, by having the plumula (ascending part) scarcely visible, and the whole corcle enclosed in the albumen. No part of the corcle can be fairly examined until it begins to sprout. Lily, Tulip, or Onion. Tegumeut or hull spongy. Embryo straight, and enclosed in the axis ofthe fleshy albumen; with the radicle next to the hilum. These seeds are proposed, because they are always in the seedsmen's shops, and may be procured and examined at any season of the year. Other seeds may be procured, according to the Natural Orders referred to under the alphabetical arrangement.' DICOTYLEDONOUS SEEDS. Pea, (pisum.) Tegument very distinct and thick; and is easily sepa- rable after boiling in fresh water. After taking off the tegument, the two cotyledons appear distinct; and the corcle between them is perfect- ly manifest. Embryo is destitute of albumen, and the radicle is bent back upon the cotyledons—cotyledons remain under ground. Bean, Clover, Vetch, &c, may be examined in the same manner. Carrot, Dill, or Coriander. Seeds in pairs, joined by commissures; em- bryo minute, at the base of the horny albumen; with the radicle point- ing to the hilum. Sage, Savory, &c. Seeds erect and almost destitute of albumen, with an erect embryo and flat cotyledons. Lettuce, Sunflower, Dandelion, &c. Seed erect, embryo without albu men, tapering, with the radicle inferior. Poppy, Celandine, Bloodroot. Cotyledons plano-convex; embryo mi- nute, straight at the base of the fleshy oily albumen. Radish, Mustard, Shepherd-purse, &c. Seed without albumen; embryo with the radicle folded upon the cotyledons. Orange, Lemon. Seed with thick fleshy cotyledons, without albu- men; embryo straight, with a conspicuous plumula, (ascending part.) Grape. Seed bony, erect, with hard albumen; embryo erect, about half as long as the albumen, with a tapering radicle. Hollyhock, Cotton, Mallows, &c. Seed without albumen, sometimes hairy; embryo curved, with double and twisted cotyledons. 236 STRUCTURE OP VEGETABLES. Flax. Cotyledons flat; no albumen, or rarely; embryo straight, fleshy; embryo pointing towards the hilum. Buckwheat, Dock, Rhubarb. Nut generally triangular; albumen fari- naceous, or none; embryo inverted, generally on one side; plumula in- conspicuous; radicle at the end opposite to the hilum. Pumpkin, Squash, Cucumber. Seeds flat, ovate, arilled; embryo flat, no albumen: cotyledons foliaceous, veined; radicle next the hilum. Hemp, Hop, Nettle. Seed with or without albumen; cotyledons face to face; embryo straight, curved, or spiral, with the radicle remote from the hilum, being on the upper part ofthe seed. Apple, Pear, Quince, Thorn, Shad-flower. The inner capsules (endo- carps) cartilaginous (as around apple-seeds) or bony, sometimes spongy; seeds ascending, without albumen, cotyledons flat, embryo erect, with a short conical radicle. Peach, Plum, Cherry. (These following seeds or nuts must generally have a month for germinating.) Seed is the putamen and its contents, within thesarcocarp (fleshy part) of a drupe. (It is generally called the stone and meat of stone-fruit.) Embryo straight, with the ladicle point- ing to hilum; cotyledons thick without album. Walnut, Butternut. Seeds 4-lobed; embryo of the same form without albumen, radicle superior, cotyledons fleshy, wrinkled, 2-lobed. Oak, Chesnut, Hazlenut. Seed inclosed in a leathery or bony nut; embryo large with a superior minute radicle, and fleshy plano-convex cotyledons. Pine, Cedar, Juniper. Seed hard-crustaceous, destitute of a proper tegument; (cone-bearingand cycadeous are the only plants, whose seeds are destitute ofthe tegument:) embryo in the midst of fleshy oily albu- men; cotyledons opposite (in some cases polycotyledonous,) radicle next to the apex ofthe seed, and nearly connected with the albumen. After a student has carefully examined a considerable part of the seeds named in this article, the organization of vegetable substance should next claim the attention. STRUCTURE OF VEGETABLES. All parts of vegetables consist of spherical or spheroidal vesicles or bubbles, more or less compressed into polyhedral or sub-polyhedral forms. These vesicles adhere surface to surface, and thus make up all veget- able masses, fibres, laminae, &c. Strong woody fibres consist of vesicles of greatly elongated spheroides, compressed into hollow parallelopi- peds; which lie in contact with each other like bricks in a wall. Loose parenchymous, pulpy or succulent parts of vegetables consist of spheri- cal vesicles, adhering by compressed sides, which become plain faces. To illustrate the vesicles or bubbles, as they actually exist when they make up the pulpy or parenchymous masses of vegetables, proved thus: Make strong soap-suds in a glass quart decanter, covering tbe bottom to the depth of two inches. Insert a clean tobaccopipe, or other tube, to the bottom ofthe decanter; then blow into it until the decanter is filled with soap-bubbles. By pressing in the breath, the bubbles will become compressed into polyhedra, more or less perfect; in all respects resemb- ling to appearance, the cellules of pulpy vegetables. If exceedingly thin STRUCTURE OF VEGETABLES. 237 slices are cut, both vertically aud horizontally, from succulent plants, (as the stem of pond-lily, blood-root, &c.,) and laid upon thin clear window glass, the pores will exhibit the precise appearance of the soap-bubbles, under a good magnifier, if the sun's rays are reflected upwards from be- low the glass. Though all vegetable matter consists of cellules or bub- bles that appear to be independent hollow spheres, they adhere together very firmly in many plants. This union of cellules is called Cellular, tissue woody fibre, spiral vessels, or ducts. Their adjoining sides do not become a single wall; but they may sometimes be separated, and each remaining entire. This may be illustrated by blowing up several tough soap-bubbles with a tobacco-pipe, and throwing them into a heap upon a piece of baize. On blowing them assunder, their compressed sides will again recover their convexity; and the apparent single wall at their place of meeting, will divide and become as distinct as before contact. Though no magnifying power has shown any perforations in these hollow spheres, it appear that fluids (as sap, &c.,)are transmitted from cell to cell, throughout the whole vegetable mass. They are there- fore in some way permeable to fluids. It has been remarked, that as all vegetable bodies as well as animal, are composed of hollow spherules; it is literally true that lifeis a bubble. That whenever the living principle acts upon matter, it forces into bub- ble-form bodies; then binds them up in the various forms, suited to the residence of such living principle: when it loses its hold, the bubbles burst, and return to their natursl unorganized state. STRUCTURE OF ACOTYLEDONOUS VEGETABLES. The cellular tissue (that is when the vesicles adhere together in a pul- py mass,) is the only structure produced by cohering of bubble-form cel- lules, which is universal. This structure only, constitutes every part, and every organ, of all Acotyledonous (cryptogamous) plants. All oth- er plants have spiral vessels. As cellular tissue only, constitutes all cryptogamous plants, (that is those destitute of spiral vessels and of vis- ible stamens and pistils) they are called cellulares. Examples. Fungi: touchwood, puff-ball, mould, grain rust, sponk, smut, ergot. Algae: frog-spittle, green-hair, frog-seed, knotty-seaweed, paper-seaweed. Lichens: negro-hair, coral-lichen, iceland-lichen, horn-lichen, (gyro- phorae,) leprous-lichen, fibrous lichen. Hepaticae: liverwort, thick- leaf moss, floating liverwort, fork-stems. Musci: marsh-moss, tree- moss, hair-moss, peat-moss. Filices: ferns, rushes, ground-pines, pepper-worts. Naiades: feather-beds, (chara.) Aphyllanthes. Leafless Flowerless Plants. Fungi, Algae, and Lichenes. Fungi. Are fungi organized vegetables, propagated by seeds in a man- ner analagous to the propagation of such vegetables as the grasses, lilies, cucumbers and oaks? Some believe them to be mere exudations, or the morbid secretions of disease, decaying (as they are never found on healthy growing plants) or decayed, organic substances; and that they are anal- agous to the gum ofthe cherry-tree, the nut-gall of a species of oak, the green succulent gall ofthe wild honey-suckle, (azalea,) the wart on the 238 STRUCTURE OF VEGETABLES. human skin, the fungous flesh of an inflamed ulcer, or the goiture on the neck. If the eatable mushroom is produced in nearly the same form and quantity, by strewing upon mulcned garden mould the pulverized laminae of mushrooms; so are warts produced on the human skin, by sprinkling upon the skin the blood and other exudations of other matur- ed warts. The perpetual additions of genera and species of fungi, on small plats of ground, which had been previously cultivated for ages, seem to prove that fungi are not always reproduced like other vegetables. The seeds might be wafted to such patches of earth by winds, if they produced known species. But when numerous new genera and species are thus produced, never before known to botanists, the case is different. The rapid growth of some fungi resembles the shooting forth of inor- ganic bodies. Fungus-form ice shoots several inches in one or two hours, from near the basis of Cistus canadensis. Corol-form fibres of common salt often shoot several inches in one night from the bottom of cellars, which have been used for storing salt many years before. So fungi issues from stable manure three and four inches in two or three hours, and wither in a moment after the sun shines on them. I shall not attempt to decide the question, nor will I express an opinion. I will state facts to show, that, as the genera and species of this family exceed all others in the increase of numbers, the cause ought to be shown; or many will doubt their being regular organized bodies. Linnee- us gave but three genera of fungi, which had the pileus, and but about half a dozen other genera. His translator, Justen, about thirty years after his death, and after adding all the discoveries of Bulliard, Bolton, Shaeffer, Sowerby, Tode, and others, made 43 genera. Eaton has se- lected from Fries (a Sweedish cryptogamist) 110 genera, and 388 species, as belonging to North America. Lindley says, between four and five thousand species of fungi are now described; but he insinuates that ma- ny may be fortuitous productions, or even diseases, or sloughings, of other bodies. Fries discovered two thousand species of fungi within the square of a quarter of a mile. From all these facts it appears, that species are exceedingly variable, and that the varieties are too fugitive for even an enumeration, or that they are truly exudations from morbid substances. Fungi never grow in water; which is a good characteristic distinc- tion from Algae. The whole mass of a fungus seems to he reproduc- tive matter in most cases; whereas the other cryptogamous families seem to have their particular fructification or reproductive sporules, (seeds). In many respects fungi resemble animal matter. Prof. Ea- ton has shown that the Boletus igniarius heals when parts are amputat- ed, by first intention like animal matter*. Fungi are generally poison- ous, cathartic or emetic. But it is found that a large quantity of salt and vinegar serves as an antidote in most cases. The Agaricus cam- pestris (common mushroom,) and some other species may be eaten with impunity, without thus seasoning them. Some species of Agaric, ofthe section Amanita, are said to be actively intoxicating. Those called blite, smut, ergot, dry-rots in timber, mildew, and mould, are often in- jurious to the labors of man. By careful observation, their ill effects may probably be placed under human controul. It has already been discovered, that the essential oil of either peppermint, anice, turpen- STRUCTURE OF VEGETBBLES. 239 tine, tansy, mint, &c, merely by their perfume, will prevent the grothof mould on books, leather, cloth, (savory;) Thymus, (thyme;) Hyssopus, (hyssup;) Pycnanthemum, (wild basil;) Origan- um, (marjoram;) Teucrium, (wood-sage;) Collinsonia, (horse balm;) Monarda, (mountain mint;) Nepeta, (catnip;) Glechoma, (gill;) Me- lissa, (balm;) Leonurus, (mother-wort;) Marrubium, (hoarhound;) Hedeoma, (pennyroyal;) Scutellaria, (scull-cap;) Salvia, (sage;) Pru- nella, (heal-all.) Flowers lipped, didynamous; stems 4-sided; leaves opposite: stig- mas 2-cleft; seeds naked, erect, scarcely any albumen, embryo erect, cotyledons flat. Properties.—Tonic, cordial, stomachic; abounding in volatile, aromatic oil. I. BORAGE-LIKE PLANTS. (Boragineae.) Examples. Pulmonacia, (lungwort;) Myosotis, (forget-me-not, scor- pion weed;) Syrnphitum, (comfrey;) Lithospermum, (wheat-thief;) Borago, (borage;) Onosmodium, (gromnell;) Cynogloesum, (hound- tongue;) Heliotropium, (turnsale.) 250 STRUCTURE OF PLANTS. Calyx and corol 5-lobed, tubular; leaves alternate, scabrous: stamens 5, styles 1: seed destitute of albumen, embryo with a superior radicle, cotyledons plano-convex parallel with the axis. Properties.—Emolli- ent, mucilagenous;' some are tonic. 3. MILKWEED-LIKE PLANTS. (Apocyneae.) Examples. Asclepias, (milkweed;) Cynanchum, (choak-dog;) Apo- cynum, (dogbane, wandering milkweed;) donolobus, (false choak-dog.) Germs double, with the apexes connected by a tub-hke stigma, from the top of which five pair of anthers are suspended. Fruit a follicle; seed with cartilaginous albumen, testa simple, embryo straight or folia- ceous, plumula inconspicuous, radicle superior. Properties.—Acrid, stimulating, emetic, sudorific. K. WINTERGREEN-LIKE PLANTS. (Ericeae.) Examples. Arbutus, (bear-berry;) Gaultheria, (wintergreen;) An- dromeda, (white-bush;) Kalmia, (laurel;) Rhododendron, (rosebay;) Ledum, (labrador tea;) Epigaea, (trailing arbutus;) Azalea, (honey- suckle;) Vaccinium, (whortleberry;) Oxycoccus, (cranberry;) Chima- phila, (pipsissiwa, prince's pine;) Pyrola, (shinleaf;) Monotropa, (bird- nest;) Hypopithys, (yellow beech-drops;) Pterospora, (Albany beech- drops. ) More or less shrubby, with evergreen leaves; calyx and corol 4 or 5-cleft: anthers 2-celled, opening by an appendaged pore: seed mi- nute, testa adhering to the nucleus; embryo cylindrical in the axis of fleshy albumen, radicle opposite the hilum. L. SUNFLOWER-LIKE PLANTS. (Compositae.) Examples. Cichorium, (endive;) Hieracium. (hawkweed;) Prenan- thes, (whitelettuce;) Leontodon, (dandelion;) Tragopogon, (vegetable oyster;) Lactuca, (lettuce:) Centaurea, (bluebottle;) Calendula, (pot marygold:) Cnicus, (thistle;) Carthamus, (false saffron;) Arctium, (burdock;) Cynara, (garden artichoke;) Liatris, (gay-feather;) Gna- phalium. (life-everlasting;) Tagetes, (marygold;) Inula, (elecampane;) Erigeron, (fleabane;) Aster, (starwcrt;) Solidago, (golden rod;) Bellis, (daisy;) Tussilago, (coltsfoot;) Eupatorium, (boneset, joe-pie;) Seni- cio, (ragwort;) Bidens, (beggar-tick;) Helianthus, (sunflower;) Chry- santhemum, (ox-eye daisy;) Anthemis, (mayweed, chamomile;) Tana- cetum, (tansey;) Achillea, (yarrow;) Artimisia, (wormwood;) Xanthi- um, (clott-bier;) Ambrosia, (hog-weed.) Calyx becoming egret on the germ: anthers of 5 stamens united into cylinder: stigmas 2, united or distinct: seed sohtary erect, embryo with a terete inferior radicle, albumen none. Properties. Those with all the florets ligulate are mostly milky and anodyne and secernants. Those with tubular florets and very fleshy receptacles are secernant stimulants, and cathartic when the odor is nauceous. Those with tubular and ligulate florets and receptacles not veiy fleshy, with corymbed inflorescence, are tonics and secernant stimulants. STRUCTURE OF PLANTS. 251 M. CARROT-LIKE PLANTS. (Umbellifereae.) Examples. Coriandrum, (coriander;) Carum, (caraway;) Daucus, (carrot;) Anethum, (fennel, dill;) Pastinaca, (parsnip;) Apium, (pars- ley, celery;) Ligusticum, (lovage;) Uraspermum, (sweet cicily;) Cicu- ta, (water hemlock;) Conium, (poison hemlock;) Sium, (water pars- nip;) Heracleum, (cow parsley.) Inflorescence an umbel, petals and stamens 5, on the germ; styles 2: fruit 2-partible. becoming 2 seeds, often with 5 primary and 4 seconda- ry alternating ribs, embryo minute at the base ofthe horny albumen, ra- dicle pointing to the hilum. Properties.—Seeds stomachic and carmine- tive; but f nauceous scented, poisonous—the roots of the nauceous scented are deadly poison in the spring, just before sprouting. N. CROWFOOT-LIKE PLANTS. (Ranunculacea, Papaveraceae.) Examples. Clematis, (virgin bower;) Thalictrum, (meadow rue;) Anemone, (wind flower;) Ranunculus, (crowfoot;) Aquilegia, (colum- bine;) Caltha, (cowslip;) Coptis, (gold thread;) Nigella, (fennel flow- er;) Delphinium, (larkspur;) Aconitum, (monk's hood;) Actaea, (bane berry, neclace:) Macrotys, (cohosh;) Paeonia, (peony;) Papaver, (pop- py;) Sanguinaria, (bloodroot;) Chelidonium,_(celandine;) Nymphaea, (pond lily;) Nuphar, (water lily;) Nelumbium, (sacred bean;) Podo- phyllum, (mandrake;) Saracenia, (side-saddle.) Flowers many-petalled with or without a many-leaved calyx: stamens many indefinite: seeds many: most of its organs of fructification indefi- nite and numerous, excepting the pistil in the Poppy-like plants. Properties.—All have roots more or less narcotic; some produce acrid caustic juices; some produce anodyne juices, and some have astringent roots. O. RADISH-LIKE PLANTS. (Cruciferea.) Examples. Cheirianthus, (julyflower;) Cardamine, (water-cress;) Turrites, (tower mustard;) Arabis, (wall-cress;) Dentaria, (tooth-root, trickle;) Draba, (whitlow grass;) Cochlearia, (horseradish;) Thlaspi, (shepherd-purse;) Hesperis, (rocket;) Lepidium, (pepper-grass;) Si- napis, (mustard;) Brassica, (cabbage, turnip;) Raphanus. (radish.) Petals 4, cross-form by their laminae: tetradynamous: germ often glandulai at the base: seed in a silique, albumen none, embryo with the radicle folded upon the cotyledons. Properties.—Universally antiscor- butic, and more or less pungent to the taste: highly nutritious, some by the herbage others by the root; both of which in many cases are valuable condi- ments. They all contain considerable nitrogen. P. MALLOWS-LIKE PLANTS. (Malvaceae, and Geraniae.) Examples. Geranium, (geranium;) Oxalis, (wood sorrel;) Tropeo- lum, (nasturtion;) Althea, (hollyhock;) Malva, (mallows;) Sida, (in- dian mallows;) Hibiscus, (mash mallows;) Gossypium, (cotton.) Stamens monodelphous, united in a column: leaves alternate: seed without albumen, embryo curved, cotyledons doubled or convolute. Properties.—Mucilaginous, emollient, some are moderately astrin- gent. 252 STRUCTURE OF PLANTS. Q. PINK-LIKE PLANTS. (Caryophylleae.) Examples. Dianthus, (pink, carnation;) Silene, (catch-fly;) Sapo- naria, (soapwort;) Lychnis, (ragged robin;) Cucubaius, (bladder cam-- pion;) Sagina, (pearlwort;) Mollugo, (carpet weed;) Spergula, (spur- ry;) Stellaria, (starwort;) Arenaria, (sandwort;) Ccrastium, (chick- weed. ) Calyx and corol 4 or 5-toothed or leaved: ovary stiped: capsule 2-5 valved, with a central placenta or columella: embryo of the seed curved round the mealy albumen; radicle pointing to the hilum: stem tumid at the joints: leaves always opposite and entire. Properties.—Softening, mucilaginous, and of little taste or activity. R. ROSE-LIKE PLANTS. (Rosaceae.) Examples. Fragaria, (strawberry;) Potentilla, (fivefinger;) Dalibar- da, (dry strawberry;) Agrimonia, (agrimony;) Geum, (avens;) Com- arum, (marsh fivefinger;) Rubus, (raspberry;) Rosa, (the rose;) Spi- raea, (steeple bush, hardback;) Aronia, (shad bush, june-berry;) Mes- pilus, (medlar;) Crataegus, (thorn;) Pyrus, (apple, quince, pear;) Sor- bus, (mountain-ash;) Prunus, (plum, cherry;) Amgydalus, (peach, al- mond. ) Calyx 5—10 lobed; petals 5 with short claws; stamens numerous— , all inserted on the calyx: seeds straight with a short terete radicle pointing to the hilum, cotyledons flat, albumen often nearly oblite- \ rated, stems herbaceous, or woody. ; Properties.—Herbage astringent or tonic; succulent fruit a remarkably j tooling febrifuge, and aperient; the bark and seeds of tht Prunus, Sorbus, and Amgydatus, contain prussic acid. S. PEA-LIKE PLANTS. (Leguminosae.) Examples. Baptisea, (wild indigo;) Crotolaria, (rattle-box;) Indi- gofera, (indigo;) Galega (goat-rue;) Astragalus, (milk-vetch;) Doli- chos, (cowhage;) Pisum, (pea;) Phaseolus, (bean;) Lathyrus, (sweet pea;) Lupinus, (lupine;) Vicia, (vetch;) Cicer, (chickpea;) Arachis, (peanut;) Ulex, (furze;) Spartium, (broom;) Amorpha, (lead-plant;) Vexillaria, (butterfly weed;) Hosackia, (pencil-pod;) Trifolium, (clo- ver, trefoil;) Medicago, (yellow clover;) Melilotus, (melilot clover;) Lespedeza, (bush clover;) Hedysarum, (bush trefoil;) Glycirrhiza, (li- quorice;) Colutea, (bladder senna;) Robinia, (locust tree;) Gleditschia, (honey locust;) Cercis, (judas tree;) Cassia, (senna;) Polygala, (sen- eca root, mountain flax;) Corydalis, (colic weed.) Corols mostly papihonaceous: stamens generally 10, 9 of which unit- ed by the filaments: fruit a legume pod: seed attached to one suture, cotyledons fleshy without albumen, embryo straight, or with the radi- cle bent back upon the cotyledons. Properties.—Nutritious, antiscor- butic, aperent. T. CUCUMBER-LIKE PLATS. (Cucurbitaceae.) Examples. Passiflora, (passion flower;) Cucumis, (cucumber, musk melon;) Cucurbita, (melon, gourd, squash, pumpkin;) Momordica, (balsamapple;) Melothria, (creeping cucumber;) Sicyos, (single-seed cucumber.) STRUCTURE OF PLANTS. 353 Calyx adhering to the germ, flowers mostly diclinous: stamens 5, styles short, stigmas thick, fringed or velvety: fruit fleshy, succulent: seed flat, ovate, arilled; testa leathery; embryo flat, radicle next to the hilum; no albumen, cotyledons foliaceous. Properties.—Herbage when nauceous, cathartic; succulentfruit aperient and somewhat nutritious, but ca- thartic and poisonous f nauceous scented. U. CHESNUT-LIKE PLANTS. (Amentaceae.) Examples. Ulmus, (elm;) Celtis, (hoop-ash;) Quercus, (oak;) Fa- gus, (beech;) Castanea, (chesnut;) Corylus, (hazlenut;) Betula, (birch;) Alnus, (alder;) Carpinus, (hornbeam, blue-beech;) Ostrya, (hop-hornbeam, iron-wood;) Salix, (willow;) Populus, (poplar;) Plata- nus, (button wood;) Liquidambar, (sweet gum;) Comptonia, (sweet- fern;) Myrica, (bayberry.) Staminate flowers in aments: fruit bony, leathery, or membranaceous: seed with a flat stiaight corcle: stems all woody. Properties.—Tonic or astringent; some are stomachic and a few emollient. V. PINE-LIKE PLANTS. (Coniferae.) Examples. Juniperus, (cedar, juniper;) Thuja, (arbor vitae, white cedar;) Cupressus, (common white cedar;) Pinus, (pine tree, spruce, fir, larch, hemlock tree;) Taxus, (yew, shin bush;) Cycas, (sago plant.) Seeds purely naked, not covered by testa, nor a skin-like envelope.* They are mucilagenous or oily; leaves pinnate, or acerose-linear, with parallel veins. Always woody. Pistillate flowers in strobiles. Properties.—Balsamic, stomachic, healing, emollient. * All seeds but those of this order have a testa, skin, or membranous covering. These, and these only, are truly naked. The gymnospermia of Class Didynamia, are naked as it respects the pericarp. But the seeds of that order have the covering here referred to. 22 GLOSSA RY TERMS USED IN THE GENERIC AND SPECIFIC DESCRIP. TIONS OF THIS TREATISE. Accumbent, lying on; in Cruciferae, a radicle lies upon the edge of the Cotyledons. Acerosc, needle-pointed. Acicular, needle-shaped. Acinacform, scimitar-shaped. Acini, small grains in strawberries, &c. Aculeate, prickles. Adnate, adhering to. Agglomerated, in a heap. Albumen, the substance under the inner coat of the testa, surround- ing the embryo. Amplexicaul, stem-clasping. Androgynous, staminate. Anfractuose, turnings and windings. Anterior, in front. Anthelmintic, killing worms. Antherferous, bearing anthers. Antiseptic, against putrefaction. Aperient, loosening. Apetalous, withont petals. Apex, summit, point. Apiculus, small point. Apophysis, a swelling. Appendix, attached. Appressed, close upon something. Approximated, near together. Apterous, without wings. Aquatic, in water. Aborescent, tree-like. Arcuate, curved. Areola,, areas between cracks. Arillus, process, adhering to the hilum. Aristate, bearded. Aroma, spicy quality. Articulation, joint. Asci, tubes of sporules. Assurgent, rising upward. Attcnuute, made slender. Auriculated, ear-like. Awns, beard. Axillary, in axilla, urmpit. Axis, the line through any thing. B. Baccate, berried. Beak, like the bill of a bird. Bicuspidate, twice pointed. Bidentatc, double-toothed. Bfarious, in two rows. Bifid, two cleft. Bilabiate, two lips. Bilobed, two lobes. Binate, growing two together. Bipartible, capable of being parted in two. Bipinnate, twice pinnate. Bipinnatifid, twice pinnatifid. Bisaccate, two little sacks. Brachiate, having arms. C. Caducous, falling off soon. Caisious, grey. Caespitose, in tufts. Calcarate, spurred. Calciform, like a shoe. Callous, hardened. Culycine, belonging to a calyx. Calyculatcd, additional calyx. Canaliculate, channelled. Cancellate, latticed. Canescent, approaching to white. Carinate, keel-shaped. Cariopsis, indehiscent pericarpium adhering to the seed which it con- tains, as the grain of grasses. Carnosc, fleshy. Carpella, the small parts out of which compound fruit is formed. GLOSSARY. 255 Caudate, tailed. Caudex, stem. Cauline, on the stem. Ceraceous, wax-like. Cernuous, nodding. Chalaza, a spot on the seed, indi- cating where the vessels of the raphe terminate. Cinereous, ash-colored. Circinately, curled round. Cirrhose or Cirrhous, tendrilled. Clathrate, latticed. Clavate, club-shaped. Clavus, ergot. Claws, taper base. Clinandrium, column of orchideous plants in which the anther lies. Clypeatc, like a buckler. Cobwcbbcd, with loose hairs. Coccus, a grain or seed. Cochleate, resembling the shell of a snail. Columella, axis of the fruit. See Placenta. Columnar, formed like columns. Comose, terminated by sterile bracteae. Concrete, hardened into one mass. Confluent, running into one an- other. Conglobated, collected into a spher- ical form. Conjugate, joined in pairs. Convolute, rolled together. Coralloid, like coral. Cornute, horned. Corona, a crown, crown-like cup. Corrugated, wrinkled. Cortical, of the bark. Corymb, a raceme or panicle in which the stalks of the lower flowers are longer than those of the upper. Costa/e, ribbed. Cotyledons, seed leaves. Cowled, hood of a monk. Crenate, notched. Crest, elevated appendage. Cribiform, like a sieve. Cruciate, shaped like a cross. Cucullate, hooded, cowled. Culm, stem of grasses. Culmferous, producing culms. Cultrate, like a coulter. Cupule, cup of an acorn. Cuticle, epidermis. Cyathiform, cup-shaped. Cymbform, boat-shaped. D. Decandrous, ten stamens. Deciduous, falling off. Declinate, curved downwards. Decompound, twice pinnated. Decorticated, disbarked. Decussated, cross at right angles. Deflcxed, turned downwards. Dehiscent, gaping, burst open. Deliquescent, melting away. Delta-leaved, shaped like Greek A. Denticulate, finely dentate. Dentiform, tooth-shaped. Dependent, hanging down. Depressed, pressed downwards. Develop, to unfold and extend ru- dimental organs or parts. Such as the unfolding of the rudi- ments of leaves, branches, flow- ers, and fruits contained in, or composing, buds, bulbs, or seeds. Diandrous, having two stamens. Diaphanous, transparent. Diaphoretic, promoting perspira- tion. Diclinous, stamens and pistils in different flowers. Didymous, two united. Didynamous, two long stamens and two short ones. Diffuse, scattered, widely spread. Digynous, two styles. Dimidiate, divided into two parts. Discus, fleshy process that sur- rounds the ovarium; a leaf; cen- tre of a head of flowers. Dissejnm.ent, partitions. Distichous, two-rowed. Divaricate, in a straggling manner. Dodecandrous, having twelve sta- mens. Dolubrform, axe-shaped. Dorsal, on the back. 256 GLOSSARY. E. Ensate, shaped like a sword. Epidermis, outer skin of bark. Epiphyllous, upon a leaf. Equitant, edges alternately overlap each other. Eroded, gnawed. Evanescent^ vanishing. Evolved, unfolded. Excoriate, stripped ofthe bark. Exotic, foreign. Exserted, projecting. F. Fauces, jaws. Favose, pitted like a honeycomb. Fimbriate, fringed. Flexile, pliable. Flocci, little tufts like wool. Floral envelopes, the calyx, bractse and corolla, which envelop the inner parts of the flower. Florets, little flowers which consti- tute compound flowers. Florferous, bears flowers. Flosculous, tubulose monopetalous florets. Foliaceous, form of leaves. Follicle, seed-vessel opening one side only. Footstalks, the stalks of flowers or leaves. Fornicate, arched. Frond, leaves of cryptogamia. Frutescent, or Fi-uticose, shrubby. Fugacious, lasts for a short time. Fulvous, tawny yellow. Funicle, the little stalk by which a seed is attached to the placenta. Furcate, forked. Fuifuraceous, scurfy. Fuscous, blackish brown. Fusiform, spindle-shaped. G. Galeate, helmeted. Gelatinous, consisting of jelly. Geminate, doubled. Gemma, leafy buds. Germ, or Germen, ovarium. Germination, first act of vegetation. Gibbous, protuberant. Grained, have tubercles. Gynandrous, stamens and style combined. H. Habit, general appearance of a plant. Hastate, like the head of a halbert. Hermaphrodite, having stamens and pistils. Hexagonal, six-sided. Hexandrous, six stamens. Hilum, scar on a seed by which it adhered to the placenta. Hoary, white down. Homogeneous, uniform. Hyaline, transparent. Hybrid, the nature of two species. Hygrometrical, indicating the ap- proach of moisture. Hypocrateriform, salver-shaped. Hypogynous, below the ovarium. I. Incrassated, thicker by degrees. Incurred, bending inward. Indigenous, native. Indurated, hardened. Indusium, membrane that closes the thecae of ferns. Inflexed, bending inward. Inflorescence, disposition of flowers. Inspissated, thickened. Internodes, space between joints. Involucre, bractre of Umbelliferse. Involute, rolled inwards. K. Kneed, bent like the knee joint. L. Lacinia, segments. Laciniate, cut into segments. Lactescent, milky. Lacuna:, little pits. Lamelluted, divided by plates. Lamina, leaf considered without its petiole. Lateral, one side. GLOSSARY. 257 Lenticular, like a lens. Leprous, with spots or scales. Ligulate, strap-shaped. Linguiform, tongue-shaped. Locular, cells. Loment, legume divided crosswise. Lunate, half-moon. Lurid, a color between purple, yel- low, and grey. M. Medullary, relating to the pith. Midrib, the vein which passes from the petiole to the apex of a leaf. Monadelphous, filaments cohering in a tube. Monandrous, having one stamen. Monocotyledons, having one seed lobe. Monosepalous, having one sepal or division ofthe calyx. Mucronate, pointed. N. Naiades, nymphs of the springs and fountains. Narcotic, producing torpor. Navicular, boat-shaped. Nidus, nest. Nodose, having knots. Nodules, small hard knots. Nucleus, the kernel. O. Ochraceous, color of yellow ochre. Octandrous, having eight stamens. Octogynous, having eight styles. Officinal, used in shops. Operculum, a lid. Orifice, an opening. Ossified, become like bone. Ovarium, the part of the flower in which the young seeds are con- tained. Ovules, the young seeds of plants contained in the ovarium and at- tached to the placenta. P. Palate, mouth of a ringent flower. Paleaceous, chaffy. 22* Pandurform, figure of a fiddle. Pappus, crown ofthe fruit of Com- posite. Papulose, pimples. ' Parenchyma, parts of plants which consist of cellular tissue only. Parietal, being attached to the sides of an ovarium instead of its axis. Patulous, spreading. Pectinate, teeth of a comb. Pedicels, small footstalks offlowers. Pellicle, a thin skin. Pellucid, transparent. Pendulous, hanging down. Pentagonal, having five angles. Pc.iitagynous, having five styles. Pentandrous, having five stamens. Perennial, lasting many years. Perichaiiul, leaves which in mosses surround the base ofthe stalk of the theca. Periginous, inserted into the calyx. Peristome, the rim which sur- rounds the orifice ofthe theca of a moss. Pcrithecium, different kinds of en- velopes ofthe reproductive or- gans of Fungi. Persistent, not falling off. Petaloid, like a petal. Phamogamous, plants visibly with stamens. Pileus, the cap of a mushroom. Pilferous, bearing hairs. Pilose, slightly hairy. Pinna, segments of a pinnated leaf. Pinnatifid, a leaf divided from the margin nearly to the midrib. Pinnules, the leafets of pinnate leaves. Pisiform, like peas. Placenta, the receptacle or colum- ella to which the rudiments of future seeds (carpella,) are fas- tened to the hilum. It is with- in the germ (ovarium,) being at the axis, whether central or lat- teral. Plumose, feathery. Plumula, the young leaves in the embryo. 258 GLOSSARY. Polygamous, applies to plants some of whose species are diclinous, and some perfect. Polygynous, having numerous styles. Polypetalous, having many separ- ate petals. Polyspermous, having many seeds. Pores, apertures. Precocity, ripe before the usual time Processes, protrusions. Proliferous, forms young plants or sprouts. Pubescence, down, closely pressed to the surface. Pul rin ate, cushion-shaped. Punctform, like points. Pungent, stinging or pricking. Pustules, blisters. Pyriform, shaped like a pear. Q. Quadrangular, four-angled. R. Radius, ray of compound flowers. Raphe, in seeds this is the channel of vessels which connects the chalaza with the hilum. Recesses, sinuses of lobed leaves. Refrigerant, producing coolness. Repand, a margin undulated. Rejdicate, folded back. Resupinate, inverted in position. Reticulated, resembling a net. Revolute, rolled back. Rhomboid-ovate, ihomboidally egg shaped Rib. projecting vein. Rostrate, beaked. Rotate, corolla, the limb flat, the tube very short. Rudiment, the first and imperfect original of any thing. As the folded incipient organs of leaves, branches, flowers, and fruit in a bud: or the elements of the fu- ture culm, leaves, and head, con- tained in a kernel of wheat. When an organ is imperfectly developed. Rufous, reddish, rusty. S. Saccate, bagged. Sagittate, like an arrow-head. Samara, winged seed vessel. Scandent, climbing. Seariose, membranous and dry. Scrobiculutc, little pits or hollows. Sciufy, scales resembling scurf. Scutate, like an ancient round buckler. Sccund, on one side. Sedges, marsh grass. Sendnul, belonging to the seed. Sepals, segments ofthe calyx. Septa, partitions. Seta, bristles. Setform. like a bristle. Setigerous, ot Setose, covered with bristles. Sori, patches of fructification on the back ofthe fronds of ferns. Spadix, a spike protracted from a spatha. Sphacelate, withered or dead. Spherules, minute spheres. Spiral, circularly involved. Sporules, in Cryptogamous plants answers to seeds. Squamform, like scales. Squarrose, spreading, ragged. Standard, upper segment of the flower of Leguminosa:. Stellate, in the manner of a star. Sterile, barren. Stimuli, stinging hairs. Stijies, the stalk of Fungi. Stolonferous, with creeping roots. Stria:, small streaks, channels. Striated, having striae. Strigose, having irregular hairs. Suffruticose, shrubby in a slight degree. Sulcate, furrowed. Supernatant, floating on'the surface Surculi, young shoots. Suture, the cohesion of two parts. T. Terebinthinate, turpentine. GLOSSARY. 259 Tessellated, variegated by squares. Testa, skin or integument of the seed. Tetrandrous, having four stamens. Tetrapetalous, having four petals. Thalamus, that part of a flower below the ovarium and some- times supports the outer envel- opes. Thallus, that part which bears the fructification of Lichens. Theca, cases that contain the spo- rules of Cryptogamic plants. Throat, the orifice of a flower. Thyrse, dense panicle. Torose, alternately elevated and depressed. Tortuose, twisted. Torus, same as thalamus. Trapezoid, like a trapezium. Trichotomous, branches divided in threes. Tricuspidate, having three points. Trifid, divided in three. Trilocular, having three cells. Triquetrous, having three sides. Tuberculate, covered with knobs or tubercles. Tuberous, fleshy roundish roots. Tumid, swelling. Tunic, a coat. Turgid, puffed up. U. Umbilicus, the cord which attaches the seed to the receptacle. Umbonate, bossed. Unarmed, destitute of prickles or spines. Uncinate, hooked. Undulate, waved. Unguis, the taper base of a petal. Unilateral, one-sided. Unilocular, one-celled. Urceolate, pitcher-shaped. Utricle, little bladder. Uvula, gland ofthe throat. V. Varicose, swollen here and there. Vascular, consisting of tissue in a very succulent enlarged state. Vaulted, like the roof of a vault. Ventricose, inflated. Vernal, belonging to the spring. Versatile, swinging. Vertex, uppermost point. Vesicles, resembling bladders. Vexillum, a standaid. Viscid, adhesive. Viviparous, bearing young plants in the place of flowers and seed. Z. Zones, stripes or belts. TERMS EXPLAINED IN THE PRECEDING PAGES. Abortive, 101. Acuminate, 101, 20. Acute, 101, 20. Aggregate, 101. Alternate, 101. Alveolate, 101. Ament, 101,,17. Analyse, 13. Angle, 101. Anther, 17. Appressed, 101. Approximate, 101. Armed, 101. Arrow-form, 101, 20. Ascending, 101. Assurgent, 101. Auricled, 101. Awl-form, 20. Axil, Axillary, 101. B. Barren, 101. Beard, 101. Bell-form, 101, 17. Beneath, 101. Berry, 101, 17. Bipinnate, 21. Biternate, 21. Bract, 101,21. Branch, 101. Bristle, 101, 20. Bulb, 101, Calyptre, 17. Calyx, 101, 16. Campanulate, 102. Capillary, 101. Capitate, 102. Capsule, 102, 17. Caryophyllus, 101, Cauline, 101. Cespitose, 102. Chafty, 101. Ciliate, 102. Clasping, 102. Climbing, 102- 17 260 GLOSSARY. Coloured, 102. Compound, 102. Compressed, 102. Connate, 102, 21. Conniving, 102. Cordate, 102, 20. Coriaceous, 102. Corol, 102, 16. Corymb, 102, 18- Creeping, 102. Crenate, 102, 20. Crowded, 102. Cruciform, 102, 17. Cuneiform, 102. Cuspidate, 102. Cylinder, 102. Cyme, 18. D. Decompound, 102. Decumbent, 102. Decurrent, 102. Dentate, 102. Dichotomous, 102. Digitate, 102. Dioecious, 102. Disk, 102. Diverging, 102. Division, 102. Downy, 102. Drupe, 17. E. Echinate, 102. Elongated, 102. Emarginate, 102. Entire, 102. Equal, 102. Erect, 102. Exsert, 102. Falcate, 102. Fascicle, 102. Fastigiate, 103. Ferruginous, 103. Fertile, 102. Filament, 102. Flexuose, 102. Flower, 102. Frond, 103. Fruit, 103. Funnel-form, 103, 17. Furrow, 103. Fusiform, 103. G. Gashed, 103. Germ, 103, 17. Glabious, l03. Gland, 103, 21. Glaucous, 103. Globose, 103. Glomerule, 103. Glume, 103, 17. Guitar-form, 103, 20. H. Hairy, 103. 20. Halbert-form, 20. Head-form, 103, 18. Heart-form, 103. Hemisphere, 103. Herbaceous, 103. Hirsute, 103. Hispid, 103. Hypocrateriformis, 103 I. Imbricate, 103,21. Incision, 103. Inferior, 103. Inflated, 103. Inflorescence, 18. Infundibiliformis, 103. Interrupted, 103. Inteiruptedly pinnate, Involucre, 193, 17. L. Labelling, 14, 15. Labiate, 103, 17. Lanceolate, 103, 20. Lateral, 104. Leaf, leafet, 103. Legume, 103, 17. Lecture, 15. Length, 103. Liliaceous, 103, 17. Linear, 103, 20. Lobed, 103, 20. Lyrate, 103, 20. M. Margin, 104. Monoecious, 104. Muricate, 104. N. Naked, 104. Narrow, 1<>4. Natural orders, 9, 233. Nectary. 104. Nerve, 104, 21. Neutral, 104. Nodding, 104. Numerous, 104. O. Obcordate, 104, 20. Oblong, 104, 20. Obovate. 104, 20. Obtuse, 104, 20. Opposite, 104, 21. Orbicular, 104. Oval, 104, 20. Ovate, 101, 19. Pair, 104. Palmate, 104. Panicle, 104, 18. Papilionaceous, 17. Partition, 104. Pedate, 104. Peduncle, 104, 20. Peltate, 104, 21. Pendant, 104. Pentandrous, 104. Perfect, 104. Perfoliate, 104, 21. Perianth, 104. Pericarp, 104, 16, 17. Petal, 105. Petiole, 104. Pinnate, 104. Pistil, 104. Pollen, 17. Polygamous, 104. Pome, 17. Prickly, 104. Prostrate, 105. Pubescent, 105. Punctate, 105. Pyramid, 105. GLOSSARY. 261 Quinate, 105. R. Raceme, 105, 18. Rachis, 105. Radical, 105. Ramose, 105. Ray, Rayed, 105. Receptacle, 105. Recurved, 105. Reflexed, 105. Remote, 105. Reniform, 105. Retuse, 105. Rhomboid, 105. Ringent, 105. Root, 105. Rosaceous, 17. Round, 105. Rugose, 105. Runcinate, 105. S. Sabre-form, 105. Salver-foim, 17. Sarment, 105. Scabrous, 105. Scape, 105. Scattered, 105. Segment, 105. Serrate, 105. Sessile, 106. Setaceous, 105. Sheath, 105. Short, 105. Silique, 17. Silky, 20. Simple, 105. Sinuate, 105,20. Smooth, 105. Solitary, 105. Spathe, 105. Spatulate, 105. Spherical, 105. Spike, 105. Spine, 105. Stamen, 105, 17. Stem, 106. Stigma, 106, 17. Sting, 21. Stipule, 106, 21. Strobile, 18. Style, 17. Sub, 106. Subulate, 105. Succulent, 106. Superior, 106. T. Tapering, 106. Tendril, 106, 21. Terete, 106. Terminal, 106. Ternate, 106, 21. Thorny, 106, 21. Tomentose, 106. Toothed, 106. Triandrous, 106. Tripinnate, 21. Triternate, 21. Truncate, 106. Turbinate, 106. U. Umbel, 106, 18. Under, 106. Upper, 106. V. Valve, 106. Veiny, 106. Villose, 106. Volute, 106. Volva, 17. W. Wedge-form, 106. Wheel-form, 106, 17. Whorl, 106, 18, 21. Wing, 106. INDEX OF ENGLISH NAMES, REFERRED TO GENERIC NAMES. N. B. English names have Botanical Genera annexed, which may be found alphabetically. Long names are abbreviated; and the two first letters, only, are used, when the English and Botanical names are the same. When a figure follows the generic name, it is the number ofthe species to which the English name belongs. A. Aaron's beard, Rhus 8, Acacia, Rob. Adam and Eve, Apl. Addermouth, Micros. Addertongue, Eryth. Agave, Ag. Agrimony, Ag. Alder, Alnus 3. Alexanders, Zizia. Alum root, Heu. Alspice, Calyc. Almond, Amyg. 2 Aloe, Alet. Amaranth, Am. Anemone, An. Angelica, An. Apple, Pyrus. 4. Apricot, Arm. 2. Arbor vitae, Thu. Arethusa, Ar. Arbutus, Epig. Arrow-grass, Trigl. Arrow-head, Sagit. Arrow-wood, Vib. 6. Artimesia, Ar. 7. Artichoke, Cynar. 2. Artichoke, Helia. 15. Arum, Calla. Arum, Lecon. Ash, Frax. Ash, Sorb. Ash-wort, Cine. Aspaiagus, As. Aspen, Pop. 1. Asphodel, Nart. Aster, As. Avens, Boot. Avens, Geum. 4. B. Bach, button, Gom. Balm, Mehs. Balm-gil. Pop. 4. Balsam apple, Mom. Balsam tree, Pop. 5 Balsam weed. Im. Bane-berry, Acta. Banner-bean, Stro. Barberry, Ber. Barley, Hor. 2 Barn-grass, Pani. 1 Basil, Ocy. Basswood, Tili. 1. Bayberry. Myric. 2 Bead-tree, Melia. Bean, Phas, Vic. Bear-berry, Arb. 1. Bear-grass. Yuc. Beard-grass, Androp. Beard-tongue, Pents. Beaver tree, Mag. Beech, Fagus. Beech-drops, Epip. Bedstraw, Gali. Beef-steak, Sax. 22. Bee-hive, Med. 5 Beet, Beta. Beggar-tick, Bid. Bell-flower, Campa. Bell-wort, Uvu. Bent-grass, Androp. Bilberry, Vac. 13. Bind-weed, Convo. Birch, Betu. Bird-nest, Monotropa. Birthwort, Aristo. Bishop-weed, Dis. Bittersweet, Sola. 1. Bladder campion,Cucub Bladder senna, Colut. 1 Bladder-nut, Stap. Bladder-wort, Ut. Blazing star, Helo. Blessed thistle, Centan rea. 3. Blite, Bli. Blood-root, Sanguin. Blood-wort, Hiera. 1. Blue-curls, Trichos. Blue-eyed grass, Sisyr. Blue-hearts, Buc. Boneset, Eupa. 19. Bonnet-grass, Agrosti. 3 Borage, Bora. Bouncing bet, Sapo. 1. Bowman root, Gil. Box, Bux. Brake, Pteri. Bread-root, Pso. Brier, Smi. 3. Brier-herb, Rubu. 14. Brompton, Cheir. 6. Brook-lime, Vero. 5. Brook-weed. Samo. Broom, Spart. Broom corn, Sorg. Broom-grass, Androp. Broom-rape, Oroba. Buckeye, Aescu. 1 Buck-bean, Meny. Buckthorn, Hippo. Buckwheat, Polygo. 23 Bughane, Macr. Bugle, Aju. Bugle-weed, Lycopu. 2 Ceutaury, Cen, Sa. Bugloss, Lycops. Bulrush, June. 1 Burdock, Arc. Burgamot, Mona. 2 Burnet, Poter. Burning bush, Evo. Burr-flower, Hydrop. Burr-grass, Cenc. Burr-reed, Spargani. Bush-clover, Les. Buttercup, Ran. 17 Butter-wort, Ping. Butterfly weed, Vex. Chamomile, Anthe. 3 Cherlock, Rap. 1 Checker berry, Mite. Cherry, Prunus. Chesnut, Casta. Chess, Brom. 21 Chick pea, Cicer. Chick-vetch, Lat. Chickweed, Ana.Ceras. Currant leaf, Mite. Chick-wintergreen, Tri Custard apple, Pore. 263 Crab-grass, Digitar. Cranberry, Ox. Vib. 10 Cress, Arab. Carda. Crow-berry, Em. Vac. Crow-foot, Ran. Crown imperial, Fri. Cuckold, Bid. Cucumber, Cucum. 5 Currant, Ribes. China aster, As. 68 China pink, Dian. 4 Chinquapin, Casta. Butterfly weed, Ascl.13 Choak-berry, Aio. Butternut, Jng. 2 Button-bush, Cep. Button-weed, Sperm. Buttonwood, Plat. Choak-dog, Gon. Cinquefoil Poten. Cives, Alliu. 8 Clarry, Salvia. 5 Climbing fern, Lyg. Clott-burr, Xanthi. C. Cabbage, Bras. 4 Calabash, Cucur. 6 Calamus, Acor. Camphor tree, Lau. 4 Campion, Cucub. Canary grass, Phal. 2 Cancer root, Oroban. Candy tuft, Ib. Cane, Mie—Arun. Canterbury bell, Campa Colic-weed, Coryd Caper, Eupho. 13 [8 Colt-foot, Tus. Caraway, Caru, Caca. Colt-tail, Erig. 11 Cardinal flower, Lob. 2 Columbine, Aq Cut-grass, Leer. Cypress, Chen. Cupr. D. Daffodil, Narc. 1 Daisy, Bel, C#r. Dandelion, Leont, Darnel, Lol. Day-flower, Comm. Day-lily, Heme. Cloud-berry, Rubus. 21 Dead nettle, Lam. Clover, Trif. Clown-heal, Stac. Club-moss, Lycopo. Club-rush, Scir. Cockle, Agro. 1 Coffee, Trio. Sorg. 2 Cohosh Macr. Cole, Bras. 2 Cardoon, Cynar. Carnation, Dian. 3 Carolina pot. Convo. Carpet weed, Mol. Carrot, Dau. 1 Cassia, Ca. Castor-oil-plant, Ric. Catch-fly, Sile. Catch-weed, Gali. Catch-grass, Leer. Caterpillar, Sco. Catnip, Nep. Cat's eye, Sea. Cat-tail, Ty. Cat-tail grass, Phle. Cedar, Juni. 2 Celandhte, Cheli. Celery, Api. 2 Columbo, Fras. Comfrey, Sym. Cone-flower, Rud. Coral-teeth, Cora. Corn, Zea. Cornel, Cornus. Deer-grass, Rhex. Devil-wood, Olea. Dew-berry, Rubus. 10 Dill, Anethum. 1 Ditch-moss, Ser. Dittany, Cunila. Dock, Rumex. Dockmackie, Vib. 9 Dodder, Cus. Dogbane, Apoc. Dogwood, Cornus. Dogtail-grass, Eleu. Dogtooth-violet, Ery. Dragoness, Conval. 6 Dragonhead, Draco. Dropseed grass, Muh. Dropwort, Oena. Duckmeat, Lem. Cornelian cherry, Corn. Dyer's broom, Geni. Coriander, Co. [11 Dyer's cleavers, Gali. 3 Cotton, Gos, Pop. Cotton-grass, Eriop. Cotton-thistle, Onop. Couch-grass, Agrop. Cowage, Dol. Cowitch, Dol. Cowslip, Calth. Cow-wheat, Melam. Cox-comb, Amara. Crab-apple, Pyrus. 1 Dyer's weed, Res. E. Ear-drop, Fuch. Egg-plant, Sola. 7 Elder, Samb. Elecampane, Inu. Elephant-foot, Elep. Elm, Ulm. Endive, Cich. 264 Enchanter's shade, Cir. Ergot, Acinula. Eyebright, Euphr. False-box, Corn. False-flax, Thes. False-grape, Amp. Feather bed, Char. Fennel, Anet. 2 Fennel-flower, Nig. Fescue-grass, Fes. Festoon-pine, Lyco. 11 Fever-bush, Lau. 2 Fever-few, Chrysa. 3 Fever-root, Trio. Fig-tree'«Fic. Figwort, Ser. Filbert, Coryl. 3. Finger-grass, Dig. Fir-tree, Pinus. 1. Fire-weed, Sen. 2. Five-finger, Poten. Flag, Iris. Flat-top, Vern. Flax, Linum. Flax-seed, Lem. Flax-vine, Cus. Fleabane, Erig. Flower-de-luce, Iris. Flowering-fern, Osm. Flowering nettle, Galeo Flow, wintergreen, Po- lyga. 3. Flow, an hour, Hib. 8 Fog-fruit, Zap. Forget-me-not, Myoso. Fork-fern, Acr. [2. Fork-stems, Rice. Forty-not, Achy. Four-o'clock, Mir. Foxglove, Digitalis. Fox-tail, Alo. Fringe tree, Chion. Frittillary, Frit. Frost plant, Cis. 1 Fumitory, Fum. Funegreek, Trigo. Furze, Ulex. Gay-feather, Lia. Gem-fruit, Tia. Gentian, Gen. Geranium, Ger. Germander, Teu. Gill over, Glee. Ginger, Asa. Ginseng, Panax. 2 Glass-wort, Salic. Heath, Erica. Hud. Hedgehog, Med. Hedge hyssop, Grat. Lind. Hedge nettle, Stac. Hellebores. Helle. Hemlock, Coni. Hemlock tree, Pinus. 4 Hemp, Cannabis. Globe amaranth, Gom. Hemp-weed, Eupa. 1 Globe thistle, Echin. Henbane, Hyo. Globe flower, Trol. Globe fungus, Sph. Goat-beard, Tiago. Goat-rue, Galeg. Gold-club, Oron. Golden rod, Soli. Goldy-locks, Chysoc. Gold thread, Cop. Gooseberry, Rib. 19 Goose-grass, Gali. 7 Gourd, Cucur. 6 Grape, Viti. Grass, Poa, &c. Grass-pink, Cym. Grass-poley. Lyt. Henbit, Lam. Herb-Robert, Geran. '5 Herb-Bennet, Geum. 1 Herd's grass, Phle. Hickony, Cary. High water, Iva. Hoarhound, Ball. Mart. Hogweed, Amb. Holly, Ilex. Hollyhock, Alt. Honesty, Lun. 1 Honey-locust, Gled. Honeysuckle, Aza. Hood-wort, Scut. Hoop-ash, Celt. Gravel chickweed, Scl- Hop, Hum, Med. era. Horehound, Marr. Greek valerian, Pole. Hornbean, Ost. Gromwell, Lit. Onos. Horn-wort, Ceratop. Ground flower, Polyga. Horse-balm, Col. Ground ivy, Gle. [2 Horse-chesnut, Aes. Ground-nut, Apios. Ground-pine, Lycopo. Groundsell, Sen. 1 Ground-star, Geas. Guelder-rose, Vib. 12 Horse-ginseng, Trio. Horse-radish, Coch. 4 Horse-tail, Equ. Hound-tongue, Cynog. Houseleek, Sem. Guinea-hen flower, Frit Hyacinth, Hyac Guinea-pepper, Caps. Hydrangea, Hor, Hyd. G. Garlick, Allium. 12 H. Hackmatack, Pin. 15 Hagberry, Celtis. Hair-bell, Campa. 1 Hair-cap, Polyt. Hair-grass, Air. Hardhack, Spir. Hawk-weed, Hiera. Hawthorn, Crat. 12 Hazlenut, Coryl. 1 Healall, Ped. Heart's ease, Pol. 12 Hyssup, Hys. I. Ice plant, Mesem. Indian corn, Zea. Indian cress, Trop. Indian hemp, Apoc. Indian Physic, Gil. Indian reed, Cinn. Indian turnip, Arum. Indigo, In, Bap. Ink-berry, Prin. Innocence, Hous. Iris, Iris. Iron-wood, Corn. Itch-weed, Vera. Ivy, Hedera. J. Jacobea, Amary. Jacob's ladder, Smi. Jasmine, Jas. Jerusalem cherry, Sola. Jewel-weed, Impa. 1 [8 Job's tears, Coix. John's wort, Hype. Joe-pye, Eupa. 15 Joint-weed, Polyg. 17 Janquil, Narc. 3 Juda's tree, Cere. July flower, Cheir. June-berry, Aro. Juniper, Juni. 1 K. Kinnikinnik, Arb. Kingspear, Asph. Knowel, Schlera Knot-grass, Polyg. 1 Knot-weed, Polyg. 6 265 Lily of the valley, Conv Mercury, Acal. Chen. Line-grass, Elym Lime tree, Tilia. Liquorice, Gali. 11 Live-forever, Sed. 5 Lizard-tail, San. Locust, Rob. Lobelia, Lob. Lopseed, Phry Mermaid, Fl, Prose. Mezereon, Dap. Mignonette, Re. Milfoil, Achi. Myrio. Milk-weed, Acera. Asc. Millet, Mil. Mint, Menth. 4 Missletoe, Vi Loosestrife, Gaur. Lys. Mitre-wort, Tia. Lovage, Ligusti. Mock orange, Phila. Love-apple, Sola. 6 Molucca balm, Molu. Love bleeding, Amara. Monkey flower, Mim. Love vine, Cuscuta.[12 Monk's hood, Aeon. 1 Louse-wort, Ped Lucerne, Med. Lung-wort, Pul. Lupine, Lupinu. M. Madder, Gali, Rubi. Madeira-nut, Jug. 3 Maddog weed, Ah. Mad wort, Cam. Magnolia, Mag. Mahogany, Swi. Maiden-hair, Adi. Malabar-nut, Just. Moon-seed, Meni. Moon-wort, Bot. Moose-wood, Dir. Morning glory, Convo. Moschatel, Adox. Moss-bush, Androm. Mother-wort, Leonn. Mould, Mucor, Mountain flax,Polyga.5 Mountain leek, Allium 3 Mountain mint,Mona.l Mountain pink,Phl->x.8 Mountain rice, Oryzo. Mouse-ear, Gn. 4 Labrador tea, Led. Lady's mantle, Ale. Lady's slipper, Cypr. Lady's thumb, Polygo. Lady's tresses, Neo.[12 Lamb Lettuce, Fed. Larh, Pinus. 18 Larkspur, Del. Laurel, Ka. Mag. Laurestine, Vib. 13 Lavander, Lavan. Stat. Lead-plant, Amo. Leather-leaf. Androm.7 Leather-wood, Dir. Leek, Allium. 11 Lemon tree, Cit. Lettuce, Lac. Lichens, Lichenes. Lichnidia, Phlox. Lichnis, Li. Life everlasting, Gna. Lilac, Syr. Lily, Lil. Mallows, Hib. Lav. Mai Mud wort, Lim. Mandrake, Podop. Mangle, Avi. Mangrove, Rhiz. Maple, Acer. Mare's tail, Hippu. Marjorom, Ori. Marsh 5-finger, Com. Marsh-mallows, Alt, Hib. Marsh rosemary, Stat. Marygold, Cale, Tag. Master-wort, Hera. Mat-grass; Nard. Matrimony, Lyci. May apple, Podop. May weed, Anthe. 2 Meadow-grass, Alo. Meadow-rue, Thalic. Meadow-sweet, Spi. 1 Mechoacan, Convo. Medlar, Aro, Mesp. Melic grass, Melic. Melilot clover Melil. 23 Mugwort, Art. 6 Mulberry, Brou. Morus Mullein, Verba. Mushroom, Ayar. Muskmelon, Cucum. 4 Mustard, Sin. Myrtle, Myrica. N. Narcissus, Nar. Nasturtion, Trop. Navel-wort, Hydroco. Neck-weed, Veio, Can nabis. Neck lace-weed, Acta. Nettle, Boeh, Urt. Nightshade, Sola. 2 Nine-bark, Spir. 6 Nitweed, Saro. Nonesuch, Med. Nutmeg flower, Nig. 266 O. Oak, Quercus. Oak of Jerusalem, Chen Oats, Avena. [6 Oil-nut, Hami. Oily-grain, Sesa. Okra, Hib. 7 Olive. Olea. Onion, Allium. 6 Orach, Atrip. Orange root, Hydras. Orange tree. Cit. Orchis, Hab. List. Ore. Orpine, Sed. Penth. Oxeye, Buph. Heliop. Painted cup, Barts. Euc Panic grass, Pani. Parnassus, Parn. Parsley, Aet. A pi. Parsnip, Hera, Past. Partridge berry, Mite. Partidge pea, Cass. Passion-flower, Pas. Patience, Rum. 12 Pea, Pisum. Lat. Pear, Pyrus. 3 Pearl-wort, Sagina. Pellitory, Pari. Pencil-flower, Styl. Pencil-pod, Hosackia. Pennycress, Thl. Pennyroyal, Hedeo. Pennywort, Hydroco. Ob. Peony, Pae. Pepper, Piper. Pepper-bush, And. 5 Pepper-grass, Lepi. Pepper-root, Den. Pepperidge Nys. Peppermint, Menth. 5 Periwinkle, Vin. Persimon, Diosp. Peter's wort, Ascy. Pheasant-eye, Adoni. Pickerell-weed, Pon. Pigeon-berry, Phyt. Pigmy-weed, Tillae. Pignut, Carya. Pig-weed, Chen. 2 Pimpernel, Ana. Lind. Ver. Pine, Pinus. Pink, Dian. Pink-root, Spig. Pine weed, Saro. Pinxter hlomache, Aza. Pin-weed, Lech. [6 Pipe-wort, Erioca. Plane-tree, Plat. Plantain, Plan. Par. Pleurisy root, Ascl. Plow-wort, Cony. Plum, Prun. 21 Poison vine, Rhus. 6 Poke-weed, Phyt. Polyanthus, Narc. 2 Pomegranate, Pun. Pond-lily, Nym. Pond-weed, Potam. Poplar, Pop. Poppoose-root, Caul. Poppy, Papa. Potatoe, Sola. 5 Poverty grass, Aris. Prickly ash, Zan. Prickly pear, Cact. Pride-weed, Erig. Prim, Ligus. Primrose, Pri. Prince's feather,Poly.24 Prince's pine, Chim. Puccoon, Bats. Puff-ball, Lycope. Pumpkin, Cucur. 4 Purslane, Cryp. Portu. Putty-root, Aple. Pyramid flower, Fras. Quack-grass, Ayrop. Quaking-grass, Briza. 1 Queen of the meadow, Spir. 12 Quickset, Crate. 12 Quill-wort, Isoetes. Quince, Pyrus. 5 R. Rabbit-foot, Trifo. 5 Radish, Raph. 2 Rag-wort, Seni. Rasberry, Rubus. Rattlesnake fern, Botr. Rattlesnake-grass, Briz2 Rattlesnake leaf, Good. Rattle-box, Crotola. Red-bud, Cer. Red-root, Cel. Red pepper, Caps. Red-top, Agros. 2 Reed-grass, Arun. Reed-mace, Tuph. Rhubarb, Rhe. Ribbon grass, Phal. 1 Rib-wort, Plan. 2 Rice, Oryza. Rice-grass, Leer. Rich-weed, Col. Bocket, Bar. lies. Rock-rose, Cistus. Rose, Rosa. Rose-bay, Rhod. Rose-campion, Agroste Rosemary, And. Ros. Rue, Ruta. Rush, Equi. Ruta-baga, Bras. 3 Rye, Secale. S. Sacred bean, Nel. Saffrom, Carth. Safflower, Car. Sage, Salvia. Sallad. Lac. Salsify, Trag. Salt-grass, Lim. Salt-wort, Salso. Samphire, Salic. Sanicle, Sani. Sand myrtle, Leiop. Sand-wort, Avena. Sarsaparilla, Arali. Sassafras, Lau. 3 , Satyr, Haben. Savin, Juni. 3 Savory, Sature. Saxifrage, Saxi. Scabious, Scab. Scabish, Oenoth, Scorpion weed,Myoso.l Scouting rush, Equi. 2 Screwstem, Barto. Scrophula weed, Good. Scullcap, Scutel. Scurvy-grass, Coch. 3 Sea-rocket, Bun. Seed-box, Lud. Seeded plum, Dios. Sedge, Carex. Self-heal, Prun. Seneca grass. Hiero. Senna, Cass. Sensitive briar, Schran. Sensitive fern, Ono. Sensitive plant, Cass. Sesame grass, Trip. Shadbush, Aron. 2 Shag-walnut, Cary. 2 Shallot, Allium. 10 Shell-flower, Moluc. Sheep-berry, Vibur. 3 Shepherd's purse,Thlas Shin-leaf, Pyro. Shin-wood, Taxus. Shot-bush, Ara. 1 Side-saddle, Sara. Silk-grass, Yucca. Simpler's joy, Verb. 2 Single-seed cucumber, Sicy. Skunk-cabbage, Icto. Sleek-leaf, Leio. Sloe, Prunus. 17 Smeilage Ligusti. Smut, Uredo. Snail-shell, Medi. 5 Snake-head, Chel. Snake-root, Asa. Cim. Mac. Snake-weed, Ser. Snapdragon, Ant. Sneezewort, Achil. 2 Snow-ball, Vibur. 12 Snow-drop, Al. Gal. Soap-wort, Sapo. Solomon-seal, Conv. 8 Sorrel, Rum. 9 Sour-gum, Nys. Southern-wood, Arte. 9 Spearmint, Ment. 4 Spear-wort, Ran. 1 Speedwell, Vero. Spice-bush, Laur. 2 Spice root, Dal. Spider-wort, Trad. Spikenard, Aral. 3 Spinach, Spin. Spindle-tree, Euon. Spleen amaranth, Am. Spleen-wort, Aspl. Spring-beauty, Clay. Spring cress, Ara, Car. Spruce, Pinus. 2 Spur-stem, Villar. Spurge, Euphor. Spurry, Sper. Squash. Cucur.l Squaw-root, Orob. Squill, Scilla. Staff-tiee, Celas. Stag-horn, Rhus. Star-flower, Aster. Star-grass, Hyp. Star of Bethlehem, Or nith. Star-wort, Aster. Steen-erout, Lithos. 1 Steeple-weed, Spirae. Stitch-wort, Stella. Stone-crop, Sedum. 6 Strawberry, Frag. Strawberry-blite, Bli. Succory, Cicho. Sugar-cane, Sacch. Sulphur-wort, Peuce. Sultana, Centa. Sumach, Rhus. Summer-grass, Hiero. Sundew, Dros. Sun-drops, Oeno. Sunflower, Heleni. Swallow-wort, Asc. Sweet-weed, Hibis. Sweet-briar, Rosa. 8 Sweet-cicely, Urasp. Sweet-fern, Comp. Sweet-flag, Acor. Sweet-gale, Myric. Sweet-gum, Liqu. Sweet-pea, Lathy. Sweet-potatoe,Convo.5 Sweet-tree, Acer. 5 Sweet vernal grass, Anth. Sweet-william, Dia. 2 Swine's cress, Coro. 267 Sycamore, Plat. Syringa, Phila. T. Tamarack, Pin. 15 Tansy, Tana. Tape-grass, Valis. Tare, Vicia. Tea, Thea. Teasel, Dipsa. Thistle, Cnic. Thimble weed, Anem. Thimble berry,Rubus.8 Thorn, Crat. Thorn-apple, Datu. Thoroughwax, Bupleu. Thoroughwort, Eup. Thread-foot.Podo. Three-birds, Antir. 4 - Three-seed leek AUi. 5 Thrift, Stat. Thyme, Thy. Tickweed, Coreo. Timothy grass, Phle. 2 Toad-flax, Antir. Tobacco, Nico. Tomatoes, Sola. 6 Toothache bush, Zanth Tooth-root, Dent. Touch-me-not, Impa. Touch-wood, Bole. Trailing arbatus, Epig. Traveler's joy, Clem. Tread-softly, Jat. Tree primrose, Oeno. Tree-weed, Lyce. Treefoil, Trifo. Trickle, Den. Trumpet-flower, Bign. Trumpet-weed, Eup. Tuberose, Polya. Tulip, Tul. Tulip-tree, Liri. Tupelo, Nys. Turmeric, Hydr. Turnip, Bras. 3 Turnsol, Helio, Tway-blade, Malax. Twin-berry, Xyl. Twin-leaf, Jeff. 268 U. Umbrella grass, Fuir. Unicorn plant, Marty. Unicorn root, Alet. Valerian, Polem. Vegetable oyster, Tra. Venus' fly-trap. Dion. Venus looking-glass, Cam. Venus' pride, Hous. Vervain, Ver. Vetch, Vicia. Violet, Vio. Viper's bugloss, Echi. Virgin's bower, Clem. W. Wake-robin, Trilli. Walking-leaf, Aspl. Wall-cress, Ara. Wall-flower, Cheir. Walnut, Cary. Water-carpet, Chry. Water-cress, Card. Water-hemlock, Cicu. Water-hemp, Acni. Water-leaf, Hydr. Water-lily, Nup. Nym. Water-melon, Cucur. 5 Water-nympth, Najas. Water-oats, Zizan. Water-plantain, Alis. Water-poplar, Pop. 4 WaW-purslane, Isnar. Water-shield, Hyd. Water-target, Hyd. Wax-bush, Cuph. Weed-grass, Cono. Whahoo, Ulm. Wheat. Triticum. Wheat-thief, Litho. Whip-grass, Scler. White-bush, Andr. 5 White-cedar, Cupres. Thu. White-wood, Lirio. White-top, Agros. 3 Whitlow-grass, Draba. Whortle-berry, Vacc. Wild basil, Pyc. Wild indigo, Bapt. Wild rice, Ziza. Wild rye, Elym. Wild oats, Dant. Willow, Salix. Willow-herb, Epilo. Wind-flower, Anem. Winter-cress, Bar. Winter-berry, Prinos. Wintergreen, Gaul. Wire-grass, Eleu. Witch-alder, Foth. Witch-hazle, Hama. Woad, Isatis. Woodbine, Loni. Wood-sage, Teu Wood-sorrel, Oxa. Wolf's bane, Aeon. 2 Worm-seed, Chen. Wormwood, Artem. 8 Yam-root, Dios. Yarrow, Achil 1 Yellow-grass, Cype. Yellow-eyed grass, Xy- ris. Yellow-rattle, Rhin. Yellow-root, Xanth. Yellow-seed, Thlas. 4 Yellow star-root. Ale. 2 Yew, Taxus. X NLM032041985