^SSri^'-v^-"•"--'"-Avr.%^;.A2£*

 
UNITED STATES  OF AMERICA
FOUNDED 1836
WASHINGTON, D. C.
GPO  16—67244-1 
 
 
*CQ.'.- GA
A
I
■g-AA AQC'AaA AO AOOCiQGOOX,
Surgeon  GeHeral's Office
          a X J£# ^^xaX, A I  AJ& ra

,  |     <*&&*,...............r^r........$......     1   »
PRESENTED BY

/".'«
r 
I

              «
 \ 
A SKETCH
          OP THE


    BOTANY

            OF




      IN TWO VOLUMES.

            \
_^ STEPHEN  gJLLIOTT.

        VOLUME I.
              w ..---:------

            CHARLESTON, S. C.
Published by J. R. SCHENCK, No. 11, Broad-street.
              J. HOFF, PR1HTEH.
1821. 
/

DISTRICT OF SOUTH CARO LIJK'J, ss.
                  BE  I T REMEMBERED, That on the twenty-
®4-j-4-&<W9>  first day of  September, Anno Domini one  thousand
«J        £  eight hundred  and sixteen, and  in the fortieth year
•S SEAL- <»  of the Independence of the United .States of America,
Gjr<HW09  STEPHEN  ELLIO IT, of the said district deposited
             in this office the title of a book, the right whereof he
claims as author and  proprietor, in the words following, to wit:
     'k A Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia,
                     by Stephen Elliott."
   In conformity to the Act of the Congress  of the United States,
intitled " an  Act for the  encouragement of  learning, by securing
the copies of  Maps, Charts, and Books, to the authors and proprie-
tors of such copies  during  the  times  therein  mentioned."  And
also  to an Act,  intitled  " an Act,  supplementary to an Act in-
titled an Act for  the encouragement of learning, by securing the
copies of Maps, Charts, and  Books,  to the authors and  proprietors
of such copies during the times  therein mentioned, and extending
the  benefits thereof to the arts of designing and etching Historical
and other Prints."
                                         JAMES JERVEY,
                                Clerk of the District of South Carolina. 
   From a remembrance of his extensive and profound knowledge
of the science of Botany, and of his unweared efforts to improve
the Flora of North America;  from a high  respect for his  many
virtues, his liberal temper and  exemplary character; and for the
personal advantages derived from years of uninterrupted correspon-
dence, this  VOLUME is inscribed to the memory of the late Rev.
HENRY  MUHLENBERG of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. 
 
ADVERTISEMENT.
     THE present work  contains the result of long observation on
 the plants of South-Carolina and Georgia.  I know that it is still im-
 perlect; and  that an apology is due to the world  for offering to its
 notice an imperfect performance.  Circumstances, however, have ren-
 dered it probable that its publication,at this time, might encourage and
 promote tfie  study  of  Botany in  this country, while it has  become
 doubtful,  whether  delay would enable me to make it more complete,
 or more accurate.
   It has been a subject  of regret in this country, for many years past,
 that persons wishing to commence or  prosecute the study of  botany,
 have  been deterred from the pursuit for want of books.  No work has
 yet appeared which exhibits a good view of the botany of the Southern
 States; and those which have been published, though valuable, and
 extending, each in its turn, the knowledge of our plants, contain gen-
 erally very  brief descriptions,  and  require constant reference to other
 books,  not only expensive, but in  a great part of the United  States
 as yet unattainable.
   I have  therefore endeavored to adapt this sketch of our botany to
 the situation  and  wants of our country.  To some  species, under
 almost every genus, wherever  the  living plant, or specimens in a per-
 fect state, have (alien under my inspection. I have given detailed de-
 scriptions.   It has been  my  wish to  enable persons with tdis work
 alone, to ascertain the known plants of South-Carolina and Georgia;
 and with this view much has been  inserted, that under other circum-
 stances might, and would have been omitted.
  I have  subjoined, occasionally,  to  the  description of the  plants,
 observations on their medical and ceconomical  uses.  For the medical
 observations I have been indebted to Dr. Jamks MArBKiDE,a  gentle-
 man  who uniting great sagacity and talent., to extensive and accurate
 botanical knowledge, has made the medical properties of our  plants
 a s.ibject of careful investigation.  His particular object has been to
 ascertain  w^at plants really possess peculiar and valuable qualities 5.
 not merely  to  am..ss without  discrimination, popular receipts.-   The
results of his researches, I can offer with confidence to public notice.
  A strong desire  having been expressed by many  of the -ubscribers
to have  some engravings annexed to  this work, 1 have added a fewy 
Jk
                               if

 endeavouring to render them as useful as possible.   Engravings mere-
 lv orna.nental, were not within the scope of this  publication.    ie
 grasses having usually been considered by students as forming an ob-
 scure branch of botany, L have attempted to illustrate this department,
 and propose to give, on a reduced scale, drawings and dissections of
 the different genera of the Gra.nina and Cyperacete, so as to exhibit
 the  ha'jit and  structure of each genus.   I know not  whether the
 benefit will  at all  be proportioned to the labour and anxiety these en-
 gravings have cost me, in a country  where few facilities are offered
 to an author:  but 1 must bestow unqualified praise on Mr. Wood, the
 engraver? for the zeal and the unwearied assiduity with which he has
 laboured to  render  them accurate, and worthy of public approbation.
 Their errors and imperfections must rest with me.
  Of the books generally referred to, the following editions have been
 used.
  Genera Plantarum.  Lin.  Schrebers edition.
  Species Plantarum, Lin.  Willdenovv's edition—Berlin, 1797.
  Clayton's Flora V'irginica.  4to edition—Leyden, 1762.
  Hortus Kewensis.  2d edition.
  When other editions have  been used they have been particularly
noticed.   Of most of the  other books employed, there has been but
one impression.
  To the many friends who have aided me in  this work, I owe great
obligations ; and  at a  future  oppoitunitv  1  will  return  them more
specific acknowledgments.  Every page, however,of this publication,
will bear testimony to their zeal and kindness; fori have endeavour-
ed scrupulously to record the aid they have afforded me, and to regis-
ter their respective discoveries.  I must still request, not only tiiose
who have a'ready assisted me, but all the lovers of this  science, to
communicate any observations or discoveries, which may enable me to
correct the errors 1 have committed, or to supply the omissions which
may occur in the  course of  this publication.  Specimens of rare or
unknown plants will be at all times highly acceptable.
  In a science like botany,  depending on  fact and observation, the
progress must necessarily be slow and gradual.   It is onlv  by the
co-operation and contributions  of many individuals tf at it can ulti-
mately attain any-decree of perfection.   The aid, therefore, which is
necessary for all,  I freely solicit?  and the offerings made to science,!
shall caeertuily accent.
\ 
»-1
               A GLOSSARY,


        CONTAINING AN EXPLANATION

                       OF THE

TERMS MOST COMMONLY USED jTJV BOTANV.
Abortive flower (flos abortiens) falling off without producing fruit.
Abrupt.—Applied only to pinnate leaves when they have  neither
  leaflet (foliolum) nor tendril or clasper at the end.
Acerose leaf.  Linear and permanent as in the pine.  (Acerosum.)
Acioulah.  Shaped like a needle.  (Acicularis.)
Acuminate.  Sharp pointed.  (Acuminatus.)
Acinus.   See Berry.
Acute; sharp.  Applied to leaves and to the perianth.   (Acutus.)
Aggregate flowers. Those seated on the same receptacle, or inclosv
  ed in the same calyx. They are divided into umbelled, cymose, com-
  pound, aggregate properly so called, where the flowers are seated
  with peduncles on a dilated receptacle, amentaceous and glumose.
  (Flores aggregati.)
Alternately-pinnate leaf: When the leaflets (foliola) are arranged
  alternately on each side of the  common footstalk  or petiole  (Alter-
  natim pinnata.)
Alveolate receptacle: Divided into open cells like an honey-comb,
  with a seed lodged in each.  (Alveolatum.)
Ament.  Flowers collected on chaffy scales  and arranged on a thread
  or slender stalk ; as in the. Oak, WAalnut aud Willow.  (Amentum.)
Amplexic aule leaf: Embracing, clasping or surrounding the stem by
  its base.  (Folium amplexicaule.)
Ancipital stem:  Two edged.  Flatted or rather sharp with  two op-
  posite angles.  (Caulis anceps.)
Androgynous plant: Bearing on the same root flowers with stamens,
  and flowers  with pistils, without any flowers having both stamens and
  pistils; such flowers are termed androgynous, also.  (Androgyna.^
Anther.  The sack which contains the tarina or pollen.   (Anthera.)
Apetalous flower: A flower without petals.  (Fios Apetalus.)
Aptressed, pressed or squeezed close.   (Appressus.)
Arborescent stem, becoming woody.   (Arborescens.)
Aril.  The outer  coat of a seed enclosing it partially or falling off
  spontaneously.  (Arillus.)
Auuiculate leaf:  A cordate or heart-shaped leaf, having the corners
  prominent and rounded.  (Folium auriculatum.)
Awn.  A slender sharp process issuing from  the glume or  chaff in
  grasses.  (Arista.)
Axilla.   The angle formed by a branch with the stem, or by a leaf
  with the branch.
B 
                              s

Axillary, growing out of the angle thus formed.  (Axill^^
Barb.  A straight process armed with teeth  pointing

Butler.  Not eapablo of bearing  seed; having stamens, but

B^Sf Z!^.^ sb^'Sl tbe beak  of a bird,



B™£D IwL  SweUing out,  without forming a tube.

  (Campanulata.)             -,,„«- fmit without valves contain-
Berry.  A juicy or pulpy pericarp or trmt wunoux



B^r^fir^o^s and  »Henperi^g.   (Bien^
Bifarious leaves.  Coming out only on opposite sides ol a branch
  (Folia bifaria.)
Bifid, two cleft, or cloven.  (Bifidus.)                    ,„„„««.
Bigeminate leaf.   A decompound leaf,having  ad;?11.0*0"10118,^^
  ked petiole, with several leaflets at the end of each division.  (Folium
  Bigeminum.)                              .   c .  „     /17  -
Buugous leaf.  A pinnate leaf  having two pairs of leaflets,  fo-
  lium bijugum.)                              .
Bilabiate or two lipped Corolla.   (Corolla bilabiata.)
Bilamellate stigma.   The form of a  flattened sphere longitudi-
  nally bifid.  (Stigma bilamellatum.)
Bilobate leaf.  Divided into two lobes.  (Bilobatum.)
Bipinnate leaf.  When the common petiole has pinnate leaves on
  each side of it.  (Bipinnatum.)
Bipinnatifid leaf.   When the common petiole has pinnatifid leaves
  on each side of it.  (Bipinnatifidum.)
Biternate—See Ternate.
Bivalved, or two valved, pericarp.  In which  the covering or seed
  case splits into two parts.
Border or Brim.   The  upper spreading  part of a monopetalous or
  one petalled corolla.   (Limbus.)
Br ac hi ate stalk or stem.  Having branches stretched out like arms,
  in pairs, decussated, all nearly horizontal.  (Caulis brachiatus.)
Bractea or Floral leaf.  A leaf  different from other  leaves in
  shape and colour, and often so near the corolla as to be mistaken for
  the calyx.  It is often seated on the peduncle.
Bracteated.   Furnished with bracteas.   (Bracteatus.)
Branched stalk.   Furnished with lateral  divisions.  Opposed to sim-
  ple.  (Caulis ramosus.)
Branch-leaves.   Leaves growing on the branches, sometimes dif-
  fering from those of the stalk.  (Folia ramea.)
Bright.   Shining  as it  were illuminated.  (Lucidus.)
Bristle.  A species of pubescence in form of a stiff roundish  hair.
   (Seta.)
Bulb.—The winter receptacle of a plant, placed immediately on the
   root.  Bulbs are  either solid, scaly, coated or jointed.   (Bulbus.) 
3
Bull ate leaf.   When the substance of the leaf rises high above the
   veins so as to appear like blisters.  It is only the wrinkled leaf in
   the highest degree.   (Bullatum.)
Caducous.   Falling off quickly.  Applied to the corolla calyx, leaf,
   stipule and bractea.  (Caducus.)
Calyculate calyx.   A calyx having a calycle or little cup at the base
   on the outside as in the common garden pink.   (Calyculatus.)
Campanulate, qorolla: Swelling out without forming  a tube, bell-
   shaped.  (Campanulata.)
Calyx.—The outer covering of the flower.
Canescent—See Hoary.
Capillary.  Long and fine like a hair.  (Capillaris and Capillaceus.)
Capitate.  Growing in a head.   (Capitatus.)
Capsule.  A membranaceous hollow pericarp or seed-vessel opening
   in some determinate manner.  (Capsula.)
Carinate; keeled,
Cell.—The hollow part of a pericarp or capsule, in which the seed
   are lodged.   (Loculamentum.)
Cernuous.   See Drooping.
Cespitose plant. Having many stems from the same root. (Cespitosa.J
Chaff.  A dry membranaceous body interposed between florets in
   some plants of the class syngenesia.  (Palea.)
Chaffy receptacle.  In which florets are divided by interposed  chaff
   or scales.  (Receptaculuin paleaceum.)
Channelled.   Hollowed  above with a deep longitudinal channel or
   groove and convex underneath.   (Canaliculars.)
Chinked. Applied to the outer bark of some trees.  (Rimosus.)
Ciliate  leaf.   The edge  guarded by parallel  bristles resembling
   eyelashes.  (Folium ciliatum.)
Circumscissed capsule.   Opening transversely or horizontally like
   a snuff-box.   (Capsula circumscissa.)
Clavate, clubshaped.  Growing gradually  thicker towards the top.
   (Clavatus.)
Claw.—The lower narrow part of a petal in a polypetalous corolla,
   by which it is fixed to the receptacle.  (Unguis.)
Clawed petal.  A petal with a claw.  (Petalum unguiculatum.)
Cleft leaf.   Divided by linear sinuses with straight margins, and
   according to the number of such divisions, a leaf is called bifid, trifid,
   &c. or two cleft, three cleft, &c.   (Folium fissum.)
Coccum.  A fruit of a particular structure, having several cells  with
   a single seed in each.  Thus euphorbia has a tricoccous fruit or
  three grained.
Coloured leaf.  Of any other colour than green.  (Coloratus.)
Columella.  The central pillar of a capsule having the  seeds affixed
  ed to it all round.
Columnar.   Like the shaft of a column,  without angles, round.
  (Columnaris.)
Complicate.   Folded together.  (Complicatus.)
Compound flower.   See Flower.
Compressed or flattened   Applied to a stem which has two opposite
  sides flat.  (Compressus.) 
m
Concave leaf.  When  the edge  is elevated  above the  rest of the
   leaf, forming a segment of the peripherv of a circle.  (Concavum.)
Conglomerate flowers or peduncles.  When a branching peduncle
   bears flowers on very short pedicels closely heaped together without
   order.  (Conglomeratus.)
Conjugate leaf.  A pinnate leaf which has only one pair 0/leaflets*
   (Folium conjugatum.)
Conjugate Raceme : Having two racemes only, united by a common
   peduncle.
Connate leaf   When two opposite leaves are so united at  their
   bases as to have the appearance of one leaf.   (Connatum.)
Gonnivent or converging corolla.  When the tips of the petals meet
   so as to close the flower.  (Connivens.)
Contorted  Corolla.    When the edge of one petal lies over the
   next obliquely.  (Contorta.)
Contracted panicle.  Close and narrow, so as nearly to resemble a
   spike.  (Contracta.)
Convex leaf.  Opposed to a concave leaf.   (Convexum.)
Cordate or heart-shaped leaves.  (Folium cordatum.)
Cordate-oblong.  A heart-shaped leaf lengthened out.   (Cordato-
   oblongum.)
Cordate-Lanceolate,  Cordate-Sagittate,  &c. partaking  of the
   form of both leaves.
Coriacfovs.  Stiff like leather or parchment.
Corolla.  The  second  of the seven parts of fructification; or, the
   inner covering of the flower, formed, according to Linnaeus, of the
  liber or inner bark of the plant.
    It may commonly be distinguished from the perianth, by the fine-
  rv  .- (Jf its texture and the gayness of its colours: whereas the pe-
  rianth is usually rougher and thicker,  and green. But there are
   n.any exceptions; the perianth in liartsia is coloured—the corolla
  in  Daphne Laureola is green.—Linnaeus' makes the distinction be-
  tween the corolla and perianth to consist, in the former having its
  segments or petals  alternate with the stamens; whereas the latter
  has its parts or leaflets opposite to them.   This  appears from the
  inspection of the classes Tetrandria and Pentandria, in  flowers
  which have both parts; and  of Chenopodium,  Uriica, Parietariat
  which have no Corolla.  See Philos. Hot. page 57, § 90.
    Adanson however observes, that in the Liliaceous plants, what i3
  called a corolla  is in reality a perianth, according to the principles
  ot  Linnaeus.  That part which is named  corolla of Rhamnus, in
  Un. Gen. is called calyx in Syst. Veget.—and on the contrary, the
  calyx or perianth of Pol ygonum iniin. Ge;/.isthecorolIain%,*.  Ves.
    Io  get rid of the difficulty,  vhich sometimes occurs  in  disc
  tinguishes into inner and outer, when there are two—then the first
  is the corolla, and tie second the perianth
Corymb   A mode of flowering in which the peduncles or foot-stalks
  oj  the flowers tafce their rise from different heights; but the lowet 
5
  ones being longer, they  all form nearly an even surface at top.
  (Corymbus.)
Creeping root.   Extending horizontally, and putting forth fibre9
  and producing young plants at a  distance from the parent plants
  (Radix repens.)
Crenate, scolloped, or notched leaf. Havingthe edge cut with circular
  incisures not incliningtowards either extremity.  (Solium crenatum.)
Crested.  Having an appendage like a crest or tuft.  (Cristatus.)
Cucullate Spathe or leaf.  Rolled up, wide at top and open with a
  pendent process.  (Spatha cucullata.)
Culm.   The stalk or  stem of grasses,- usually jointed and hollow.
  (Culmus.)
Cuspidate leaf.   Terminating in a sharp bristle-like  point.  (Cus-
  pid atum.)
Cyme.   A mode of flowering in which the peduncles  take their rise
  from the same centre; but the subdivisions are irregular.   (Cvina.)
Deciduous leaf.   Falling off in autumn.  Calyx or perianth:  falling
  after the corolla opens.   (Deciduum.)                         *'
Declining stem or leaf.   Bent  downwards forming an arch or
  curve.  (Declinatus.)
Decompound leaf.  When the primary petiole  is so divided that
  each part forms a compound leaf which is either bigeminate, biter-
  nate or bipinnate.  (Folium decompositum.)—
Decumbent flower.  Having the stamens and pistils bending to the
  lower  side of it.
——Stalk:  lying on the ground with the base higher than the other
  parts.   (Decuinbens.)
Decurrent leaf.  A  sessile  leaf having its edges continued down-
  wards  along the stem.  (Folium decurrens.)
Decursivkly pinnate leaf.   Having the  leaflets decurrent along
  the petiole.   (Folium decursive pinnatum.)
Decussated leaves  and  branches.   Growing in pairs which alter-
  nately cross each other.   (Decussatus.)
Deltoid leaf.  Has the general appearance of a triangle or the letter
  Delta.   (Deltoideum.)
Dense panicle.   Having  a great number of flowers, crowded in  a
  panicle. (Panicula densa.)
Dentate or toothed leaf:   Having projecting, horizontal teeth of its
  own substance.  (Folium dentatum.)
Denticulate leaf:  Having small teeth.  (Denticulatum.)
Dichotomous stem.  Continually and regularly dividing by pairs
  from top to bottom.  (Dichotomus.)
Dicoccous.   See Coccum.
Didymous, double or twin.  When two lobes are  nearly distinct
  but exactly similar to each other—generally applied to anthers.
Diffused stem.  Having spreading branches.  (Caulis diffusus.)
Digitate leaf.   When  a simple petiole connects several distinct
  leaflets at the end of  it.   (Folium digitatum.)
Dioecious plant.  Having fertile flowers on one individual and barren
  on another.  (Planta dioica.
Dissilient  pericarp.  A bursting or  elastic  seed-vessel  »r fruit.
  (DkiilicnS/) 
6
 Distichous.  Two rowed; flowers or leaves on opposite sides  of a
   peduncle or stem.
 Divaricate panicle; when the pedicels form an obtuse angle  with
   the main peduncle.   (Panicula divaricata.)
 Diverging branches:  Making a right angle with the  stem.   (Rami
   divergentes.)
 Dorsal awn.  Fixed to the back or outer side of the glume.   (Arista
   dorsalis.)
 Dotted leaf.  Covered with hollow dots.   (Folium punctatum.)
 Downy.  See Tomentose.
 Drooping.   The top or end pointing to the ground.  (Cernuus.)
 Drupe.  A pulpy pericarp or fruit without valves, containing a nut
   or kernel.   (Drupa.)
 Echinate pericarp or seed-vessel.  Beset with prickles like a hedge-
   hog.  (Echinatum.)
 Elliptic  leaf.  Lanceolate but with  the breadth of an ovate leaf,
   more oblong than* the oval leaf.  (Folium ellipticum.)
 Emarginate.  Notched at the end.  (Emarginatus.)
 Ensiform leaf.  Sword shaped; two edged, tapering from the base to
   the point.   (Folium ensiforme.)
 Entire leaf.  Undivided without any  sinus or opening on the edge.
   (Folium integrum.)
 Equal.  A calyx or corolla is said to be  equal when the parts are of
   the same size and figure.  (^Equalis.)
 Explanate.  Spread out, flat.  (Explanatus.)
 Exsert-stamens.  Protruded Stamens or anthers are those appearing
   above the corolla.   (Exsertus.)
 Fascicle.  A mode of flowering in which several upright, parallel,
  fastigiate, approximating  flowers are collected together.   (Fasci-
   culus.)
 Fascicled leaves.  Growing  in bundles or bunches  from the same,
   point.  Folia fasciculata.)
 Fastigiate stem. Having branches of an equal height.
----Peduncles.  Elevating flowers in branches so that they are all of
  an equal height.  (Fastigiatus.)
 Faux or mouth.   The opening of the tube of the Corolla.
Fimbriate—fringed.  Generally applied  to  the corolla:  differing
  from ciliate,in which the marg'in is guarded by bristles distinct from
  the substance of the leaf;  in a fimbriate corolla the margin is frin°>
  ed by segments of its own substance.
Feathery.   See Plumose.
Filament.  The thread-like part of the stamen supporting the  anther,
   (Filamentum.)
Fistulous stem.  Hollow.  (Fistulosus.)
Fleshy leaf.   Full of pulp within.  (Carnosum.)
Flexuose stem.  Changing its direction in a curve from joint to joint
  or bud to bud, &c.   (Flexuosus.)
Floret.  The separate  or  partial little flower of compound flowers.
   (Flosculus.)                                    r
Flower.  When complete, consists of calyx, corolla,  stamen,  and
  pistil j but the essntial parts are anther and stigma.   (Flos.) 
7
 Flower compound.   (Flos compositus) contains several florets,
   inclosed in a common perianth, and on a common receptacle with
   the anthers forming a tube.
 Follicle.   A pericarp  or  seed-vessel of one valve, opening on one
   side longitudinally.   (Folliculus.)
 Frutescent.   See Shrubby.
 Furrowed stem.  Marked with deep broad channels longitudinally.
   (Sulcatus.)
 Geniculate or having knees.   Applied to a stem, peduncle or awn,
   forming an obtuse angle at the joints, as when  the knee is a little
   bent.  The deviations are angular, whereas in the flexuose stem
   they are curved.   (Geniculatus.)
 Germen, ovarium or seed-bud.   The rudiment of the fruit yet in em-
   bryo;  the base of the pistil.   Germen superior  when  included
   within the corolla;  but when placed below the  corolla, inferior.
   (Germen.)
 Glandular leaf is that which has glands either on the surface,  or on
   the serratures.   (Glandulosum.)
 Glaucous—pale green;  sea green.  (Folium glaucum.)
 Glomerate spike.  Having the component spikes variously heaped
   together.
 ----Panicle.  The flowers growing close together in a globular  form,
   (Glomeratus.)
 Glume.  The calyx or corolla of grasses, formed of valves embrac-
   ing the flower and seed.   (Gluma.)
 Habit  of  Plants.  Their general external appearance  and mode of
   growth.   (Habitus)
 Halved head.  Hemispherical:  round on one side and flat on the
   other: a spathe is halved when it invests the fructification on one
   side only.  (Dimidiatus.)
 Hanging leaf.   Pointing directly to the ground.   (Dependens.)
 Hastate leaf.   Resembling the  head of a  halbert.  Triangular, hol-
   lowed  at the base and on the sides, with angles spreading.  (Foli-
   um hastatum.)
 Head.   A mode of flowering in  which several flowers form a kind of
   ball.   (Capitulunv)
 Heart-shaped leaf.  See Cordate.
 Hirsute.  Rough with hair.  Having more bristles or hairs than His-
   pid but less stiff.  (Hirsutus.)
 Hispid.  Beset with stiff bristles.  (Hispidus.)
 Hoary leaf.  Covered with a white pubescence.   (Incanum.)
 Horizontal leaf. Making a right angle with the stem. (Horizontale.)
 Hypocrateriform  corolla.  Monopetalous, with the border spread-
   ing out horizontally or flat from the tube: Salver-shaped.   (Hypo-
   crateriformis.)
 Imbricate—tiled, laying over each other  like  the shingles or tiles,
   on the  roof of a house.
 Imperfect flower.   Destitute of either anther or stigma.   May this
   not be  synonymous with Barren flower.   (Flos imperfectus.)
Inciskd leaf. Having the sections or divisions usually determinate in
  their number;  or at least more  so than in the laciniate leaf.  (Foli-
  um incisum.) 
8
 Including calyx.   Shutting up and concealing the corolla.   (Ibciuv
   dens.)
 Inoomplfte flower.  Destitute of either calyx or corolla.  (Mos m-
   completus.)                                                ,
 Incrassatk  peduncle.   Thickening  or becoming thicker  towards
   the flower.  (Incrassatus.)
 Incumbent.   Leaning upon or resting against.  (Incumbens.)
 Inferior perianth.  Inclosing the germen; or, having the germen
   above the receptacle—
 ■----Germ.  Placed below the perianth.  An inferior perianth implies
   a superior germ.   (Inferum.)
 Inflkctild.  Bent inwards, at the end, towards the stem.   (Inflexus.)
 Inflorescence.  Mode of bearing flowers.   (Infloresccntia.)
 Intkrnode.   The space between knot and  knot  or joint and joint.
   (Internodium.)
 Interruptkd spike.  Divided by intervals of smaller flowers or by
   intervals destitute of smaller flowers.  (Spica interrupta.)
 Interruptedly-pinnate  leaf.   Having smaller leaflets between
   each pair of larger ones.   •Interrupte-pinnatum.)
 Involucrum  A calyx remote from the flower; sometimes placed be-
   neath a single flower, but often including many flowers with their
   proper calyxes,—(Involucrum.)
 IwoLucrLL.  A small involucrum.  (Involucellum.)
 Keel.  The  lower  petal of a papilionaceous flower, inclosing  thd
   stamens and pistil: usually shaped like a boat.   (Carina.)
 Kidney-shapfd leaf.  Roundish, and  hollow at the base without an-
  gles.   (Reniforme.)
 Knot.  A protuberant joint in the stem of some plants particularly
  grasses and corn.   (Nodus.)
 Lacinia; a segment.  Any part into which the border of  a monope-
  talous corolla is cut.  It is applied also to a monophyllous or sin-
  gle leafed calyx.   (Monophyiluin ,
 Laciniati-. leaf.   Irregularly cut or divided.   (Laciniatum.)
 Lacunos  or pitted leaf.  The surface depressed between the veins.
  Opposed to wrinkled.   (Lacunosum.)
 Lano olat;  leaf.   Oblong and gradually tapering towards each ex-
  tremity.  Lance-shaped.   (Lanceolatum.;—
 Lanc olatv-ovate leaf.  Partaking  of  both forms, but inclining
  more to the latter.  In these compound words the latter is always
  supposed most characteristic.)
 Leaflets.   The small leaves in a compound leaf.  (Foliola.)
 Li gl men.  A seed-vessel of two valves, in which the  seeds are fixed
  along one suture only.  Pea-pod or shell—
 Lioulat*: flower.   A species of compound flower in which the florets
  have their diminutive corollas fcorollules or corollets flat, spreading
  out towards the end, with the base only tubular   (Flos ligulatus.f
LiNEAR-leaf.  Of the same breadth throughout, except sometimes at
  one or both ends.  (Lineare.)
Lineate  leaf.  The surface slightly marked longitudinally with de-
  pressed parallel lines.   (Lineatum.)
 Lip.  See Ringent.
 Lobe.  The part into which some simple leaves are divided—(Lobus.) 
9
Loute or lobed.  Divided into Lobes.  (Lobatus.)
Lyra rv leaf.  Divided several times transversely, the lower division*
   smaller and more remote from each other than the upper ones. (Ly-
   ra turn.)
Membranaceous leaf.  Having  no distinguishable pulp between  the
   two surfaces.   (Memhranaceum.)
Mid-rib.  The main nerve or middle-rib of the leaf,
Monopetalous or one petalled corolla.  The whole in one petal.   It
   may be deeply cut, but is not separated at the base.  (Monopetala.)
Monophyllous perianth.  Not separated  at the base   One leafed
   perianth.   (Monophyllum.)
Vonospeumous.  One seeded.  (Monosperma.)
Mui'Ronatk  leaf.   Terminating in a small sharp point which seems to
   be a continuation of the mid-rib: dagger pointed leaf. (Mucronatum.)
Muricate.  Armed with sharp prickles applied to the calyx and
   stem.   (Muricatus.)
Naked flower.   When the Calyx is wanting.
----Receptacle.  Destitute of hairs, bristles or chaff.
----Whorl.—Destitute of an involucrum.   (Nudus.)
Nectary.  The honey-bearing part  of a  vegetable, peculiar to  the
   flower.  It commonly makes a part of the corolla, but is sometimes
   entirely distinct from it.  It is frequently in the form of a horn or
   spur:  sometimes it takes the shape of a cup.   (Nectarium.)
Nerved leaf.   Having vessels  like threads  unbranched  extending
   from the base towards the tip of the leaf.  (Nervosum.)
Nitid.  Glittering,  glossy; so smooth as to shine.   (Nitidus.)
Nodding flower.  When the peduncle is considerably curved, but  not
   so much as in the drooping flower.  (Nutans.)
Ob—In  the composition of terms is put for inversely or " upside-
   down."
Obconical.  Inversely conical.  (Obconicum.)
Obcordate leaf.  A heart-shaped or Cordate leaf connected with
   the petiole by its apex or tip.   (Obcordatum^)
Oblique leaf.   Having the base directed  towards  the sky and  the
   apex or tip towards the horizon.   This  respects the position of a
   leaf; but it is more frequently  used in another sense, which respects
   the shape of a leaf, when the surface is placed obliquely or unequal-
   ly (generally  at the base or in the width) to the petiole—(Folium
   Obliquum.)
Oblong  leaf.   Having the longitudinal diameter several  times  ex-
   ceeding the transverse one; rounded at both  ends.  (Oblongum.)
Obovate leaf.   Inversely ovate.  Having  the narrow  end next  the
   petiole.  (Obovatum.)
Obtuse  leaf.   Ending bluntly but within  the segment of a circle.
   (Obtusum.)
Orbiculate leaf—Circular.  (Orbiculatum.)
Oval leaf.  Having the longitudinal diameter longer  than  the trans-
   verse one, and the  curvature the same at both ends.  (Ovale.)
----An Elliptic leaf  is longer in proportion to its breadth.
Ovate or egg-shaped leaf.  The shape of this leaf is the longitudinal
  section of an egg.   (Ovatum.)
                               C 
10
 Ovate-lanceolate leaf.  Between these two forms but inclining W
   the latter.  (Ovato-Lanceolatum.)
 Ovate-oblong leaf.  The  Ovate leaf lengthened  out.  (Ovato-ob-
   longum.)
 Pair.  Applied to leaflets in pinnate leaves which are said to be com-
   posed of two, three or four pair of leaflets.  (Jugum.)
 Palmate  leaf.  Hand-shaped.  It is a  simple leaf resembling the
   hand spread.  (Palmatum.)
 Panduraeform leaf.  Guitar-shaped.  Oblong, broader below, con^
   tracted on the sides.  (Pandurseforme.)
 Panicle.   A mode  of flowering in which  the flowers are scattered
   on peduncles variously or irregularly  subdivided, as in the grass-
   es.   (Panicula.)
 Papilionaceous flower.  Irregular and usually four petalled.  The
   lower one is called the keel: the upper petal  which spreads and
   risps  is called vexillum: the two side ones stand singly, being se-
   parated by the keel, and are called Alae or wings.  Some call them pea-
   blossomed flowers, the pea affording  a good example.  (Papilio-
   nacea.)
 Pappus.  A feathery or hairy crown of some seeds, by which the seeds
   are suspended in the air, and dispersed.
 Partition.  A wall separating a pericarp or seed-vessel internally
   into cells.  (Dissepimentum.)
 Pectinate leaf.   A sort of pinnate leaf in which the leaflets  are>
   toothed like a comb.   (Pectinatum.)
 Pedate leaf.  When a bifid petiole connects several leaflets on the
   inside only.  This species of compound leaf resembles in some de-
   gree a bird's foot.  (Pedatum.)
 Pedicel.  The ultimate subdivision of a peduncle connected with
   the flower itself.  (Pedicellus.)
 Peduncle.  The flower stalk, or partial stem supporting the flow-
   ers only.   (Pedunculus.)
 Peltate leaf.   Having the petiole  inserted into the disk of the leaf
 -  instead of the edge.  (Peltatum.)
 Perfoliate leaf.  A leaf apparently perforated by the stem.   (Per*
   foliatum.)
 Perianth.  A Calyx contiguous to the other parts of fructification.
   A less general term than Calyx.  (Perianthium.)
 Pericarp.  Seed vessel or seed case.  The most  general term for
   the vessel producing seeds.   (Pericarpium.)
 Persistent calyx.  A  calyx which remains after the  corolla  is
   withered.
 ----Leaves.  They  remain on the  plant'till the fruit is ripe or after
   summer is over.
-— Stipules.  Continue after the leaves drop off.   (Persistens.)
Personate corolla.  A species of lipped corolla which has the lip's
   ciosed.   (Personata.)                                        l
Petal.   The subdivision of the corolla.   Petals are the leaves of the
   flower.   In a monopetalous flower the petal is the corolla.   (Pets'.

Petiole.  The stein supporting the leaf.  (Petiolus.) 
                              it

Petiolate leaf.  Growing on a petiole.  Opposed to sessile.   (Pe«
   (tiolatus.)
Pinnate leaf.   A species of compound leaf, wherein a simple petiole
   has several leaflets fastened to each side of it.  (Pinnatum.)
Pinnated unequally.  Terminated by a single or odd leaflet.  (Pin-
   natum cum impari.)
^Pinnatifid leaf.   A species of simple leaf, divided transversely by
   oblong, horizontal segments not extending to the mid-rib.  (Pinna-
   tifidum.)
.Pistil.  -An Organ adhering to the fruit for the reception of the pol»
   len.  When  perfect it consists of the  germen, style and stigma.
   (Pistillum.)
Plicate.  Folded like a fan.  (Plicatus.)
Plumose or feathery pappus.   A pappus composed of feathery hairs.
   (Plumosus.)
Pollen.  The dust contained in the anthers of flowers.
Polypetalous corolla.   Composed of many petals.  (Polypetala.)
Polyphyllous or many leaved, &c.
Pome.   A pulpy pericarp without valves containing a capsule; as the
   apple, quince, &c. (Pomum.)
Pr^morse  root or leaf.  Not  tapering but ending blunt as if the
   end were bitten off.  (Prsemorsus.)
Prickle.  A sharp process from  a plant,  fixed  into the  bark only.
   (Aculeus.)
Prismatic.  Of the same thickness from top to bottom, with several
   flat sides.  (Prismaticus.)
Procumbent stem.  Unable to support itself,  lying on the ground,
   but without putting out roots.  (Procumbens.)
Pubescence.   All hairiness in a plant; or whatever c'othes it  with
   any hairy or villous substance.  (Pubes.)
Raceme.  A mode of flowering, consisting of a peduncle  with short
   lateral branches.   (Racemus.)
Rachis.  A filiform receptacle, collecting florets longitudinally into
   a spike.   To be found in grasses.
Radiate flower.  A sort of compound  flower consisting of a disk, in
   which the florets are tubular and  regular;  and of a ray in which the
   florets are irregular, as in the Sun-flower.
Radical leaves.  Proceeding immediately from the root.  (Radicale.)
Radicant or Rooting stem.  Bending to the earth and striking root
   but not creeping along.  (Radicans.y
Radicle.  The fibrous part of the  root.  (Radicula.)
Radius.  See Ray.
Ray.   The outer part or circumference  of a compound flower.   (Ra-
   dius.)
Receptacle.   The base by which the other parts of the fructification
   are connected.
«---Proper.  Appertaining to one  flower only.
    ■ Common.  Connecting several  distinct flowers.  (Receptaculum.)
Reclined leaf.  Bent downwards so that the point is lower than the
   base.   (Reclinatum.)
Reflexed.  Bent back.  (Iteflexus.)
Reniform.  See Kidney-shaped. 
1*
Repand leaf.  A leaf the rim of which is terminated by angles having
  sinuses between, inscribed in the segment of a circle. (Repandum.)
Resupinate corolla.   W'hen the flower is turned as it were upside-
  down, so  that which is usually the upper leaf becomes the lower.
  (Resupinata.)
Resupinatb: leaf.   Turned upside-down.
Reticulate corolla or petals.  Having distinct veins crossinglik*
  net work.  (Reticulata.;
Retvsf leaf.  Ending in a blunt sinus.  (Retusum.)
Rhomb-shaped  leaf.   Having four equal sides but the angles not
  right angles.  The petiole connected with one of the angles. (Rhom-
  beum.i
Rib.   The continuation of the petiole along the middle of the leafv
  (Ci-sta.)
R.ngent  corolla.   An irregular, one petalled corolla, the border of
  which is usually divided into two parts, called the upper and lower
  lip.   It  is called a gaping corolla.  (Ringens.)
Rotati- corolla or <\heel-shaped.  Spreading flat without any tube.-
  (Rutata.)
Rincinate  leaf.  A sort of pinnatifid  leaf, with the lobes convex
  befoie and straight behind? like the teeth of the large saw (whip-saw)
  used for sawing timber.   (Runcinatum.)
Sagittate:  Si.aped like the head of an arrow.   (Sagittatum.)
Sarm  ntosk skin.  Thread-like, almost naked; < r having only leaves
  in bunches at the joints or knots where it strikes root.  (Sarmen-
  tosus.)
Scandi nt or climbing stem.  Weak and requiring support in mount-
  ing.   The tendril or clasper is usually the agent.   Different from
  the twining stem.  (Scandens.)
Scai-e. A  stem supporting flowers but not leaves.  It  may have
  scales.  (Scapus)
Scariosk  leaf.   Of a dry substance, sonorous to the touch.
----Perianth, rough, thin and  semi-transparent.  (Scariosum.)
Secund spike.  \V ith the flowers all on one side.   (Secunda.)
Serrate.  Having sharp imbricate notches about the  edge, pointing-
  tow ards the extremity.
----Having teeth like a saw.—(Serratus.)
Sessile leaf. Connected immediately with the stem or branch without
  the intervention of a petiole:  opposed to a petiolate leaf.  ^Sessile.)
-     Applied also to flowers, and pappus—
Sheath.  A membrane investing  a stem or branch as in grasses..
  (Vagina.)
Sheathing.   When a leaf invests a stem or branch by its base in
  form of a tube.  (Vajjnans.)
Shrivetling or withering.  Decaying without falling off.   (Marces*
  cens.)
Shrubby.  Perennial with woody stems. (Fruticosus.)
Silicule.  A two valved  pericarp, having the seeds fixed along both
  sutures,and the transverse diameter equal or nearly so to thelongi-
  tudinal.  This seed-\ essel varies in shape being orbiculate, ovate, or
  flattened ; entire at the end  or emarginate.   (Silicula.)
Sllique.  An oblong membranaceous, two valved pericarp, having th# 
                               18

   stf eds fixed along the sutures.  The Silicule only differs from this, in
   form and size.  (Siliqua.)
 Simple.   Not divided or branched.  (Simplex.)
 Sinuate lea .   Having large curved  breaks in' the margin.  (Sinu-
   atum.)   The oak furnishes many examples.
 Spadix.   A stem-like receptacle proceeding from a spathe.
 Spatha or spathe.  The calyx or spadix opening or bursting longitu-
   dinally in form of a sheath.  A spathe often consists of more valves
   than one and may be halved.
 Spathulate leaf. Roundish above with a long linear base: likeaspa-
   tula or battle-dore.  (Spathulatum.)
 Spike. A mode of flowering in which sessile flowers are alternate, oppo-
   site, or  verticillate, on a common simple peduncle: as in Mullein.
   (Spica.)
 Spikelei a little spike.   (Spicula.)
 Spine or  thorn.  A sharp point being a continuation of the substance
   of the wood itself.   (Spina.)
 fcpiR or horn.   The hinder part of the nectary in some flowers,shap-
   ed like a cock's spur or horn.
 Squarrose calyx.   Consisting of  scales very widely divaricating, or
   spreading every way.   (Squarrosus.)
 Stamen.   An  organ for the preparation  of the pollen consisting of
   the filament and anther.
 Stem.  The body of an herb, bearing the branches, leaves, and flow-
   ers.  (Caulis.)
 Stigma.   The top of the pistil, pubescent and moist, in order to de-
   tain the pollen.
 Stipe.  The thread or slender stalk, which supports the pappus, and
   connects it with the seed.  (Stipes.)
 Stipule.  A scale or diminutive leaf at the base of a petiole, or pe-
   duncle.   (Stipula.)
 Striated stem. Marked or scored with slender or  very superficial
   lines.—(Striatus.)
 Strict.   Stiff and strait.  (Strictus.)
 Strobile.   A seed vessel or pericarp, made up  of scales that are im-
   bricate, or lie over each other: for an Ameiit in a state of maturity,
   Pines afford a good example.  (Strobilus.)
 Style.  The middle portion of the pistil connecting the stigma with
   the germ.  (Stylus.)
 Suherose stem." Clothed with bark, soft and elastic like cork.  (Sa-
  ber os us.)
 Subulate leaf: Linear at bottom but tapering gradually towards the
  end.  (Folium subulatum.)
 Superior flower or calyx.   Having the receptacle of the flower above
  the Germ.  (Superus.)
Super decompound leaf.   When a petiole divided several times con-
  nects many leaflets; each  part forming a decompound  leaf  (Su-
  pradecompositum.)
Terete.    Columnar, without angles—resembling the  shaft of a
  column—I have retained the  Latin term, as it is often  applied
  to twining or procumbent plants, where  columnar  could  scarcely 
14
  be used with propriety—Leaves as well as the st*ms of plants arc
  sometimes terete.
Tendril or clasper.   A spiral thread by which a plant is fastened to
  another body.   (Cirrhus.)
Ternat  leaf.  Having three leaflets on one petiole.  (Ternatum.)
Thyrsus.  A mode of flowering which consists of a panicle, contract-
  ed into an ovate form.
Tomentose or downy stem or leaf.  Covered with hairs so interwov-
  en, as scarcely to be discernible.  (Tomentosus.)
Tripinnatk leaf.  A species of super-decompound leaf; when a pe-
  tiole has bipinnate  leaves ranged on each  side of it.   (Tripm-
  natum.)
Truncate leaf.  Ending in a transverse line so that it seems as if'
  the tip of the leaf had been cut off  (Folium truncatum.)
Tuber.  A knob in roots, solid, with component particles all similar.
Tuberous root   Furnished with tubers.   Tuberosum.)
Turbinate.   Shaped like a boy's top.  (Turbinatum.)
Twin-ant,her.  Swelling out into two protuberances.  (Didyma.)
Twining stem.   Ascending spirally round a branch, stem or prop,
  (Volubilis.)
Twofold leaves.  Coming  out two and two together from the same
  place
Valve.  The outer covering or ooat, of a capsule or other pericarp,
  fValva.)  Or the divisions of this outer covering.—
Veined leaf.  Having the vessels branching, or variously divided over
  the surface.   (Venosum.)
Ventricos . or bellied.  Swelling out in the middle.   (Ventricosum.)
Verticil.   (Verticillate.)  See whorl and  whorled.
Villous leaf.   Covered with soft hairs.  (Villosum.)
Umbel.  A receptacle stretching out into thread-like proportioned
  peduncles,  from the same centre.  (Umbella.)
Umbkllate.  Flowers growing in this manner.  (Umbellatus.)
Urceolate or pitcher-shaped.   Bellying out like a pitcher.  (Uf-
  ceolatus.)
Wedge-shaped  leaf.  Having the longitudinal  diameter exceeding
  the  transverse one, and narrowing gradually downwards.  (Cu-
  neiforme.)
Whorl.  A sort of  floweringma de up of many, nearly sessile, flow-
  ers, surrounding the stem in a ring.   (Verticillus.)
Whorled leaves.  Surrounding the stem  at one place.  (Verticil-
  lata.)
Winged petiole.  Having a thin membrane or border on each  side;
  or, dilated  on the sides: as in the orange.  (Alatus.)
Wrinkled leaf.  When the intermediate substance rises above the
  veins, owing to their contraction.   (Rugosum.)
[Extracted principally from Martyn's Language of Botany.") 
SKETCH OF THE BOTANY
•S
$&#mp$$amitt* <t«t> ^otgi4.
 wvvwvwwwwvvvvwvwvww^r



     CLASS L

M0JYANDRI.1 MOJVOGTJSIA;

 / — 1 CAW? A.
 2-— 2. THALIA
 3—3. SALICORVIAw

       D/GFJVX*.

 ^—4. CALLITHICHEl!


   *— vw vwwwwvw wvvw—5"
CANNA.  Gen.  pl. 1.
  Anther a simplex, fila-
menti  margini  adnata.
Stylus crass us, claviform-
is. Stigma obtusum. Cap-
stda 3-locularis   Semina
grobosa, numerosa.
  1*. Flaccid a.
  C. concise  limbo inte-
riore trificfll; laciniis flac-
cidis.
                        Anther simple, attached*
                       to the margin of the fila-
                       ment.   Stifle thick, club-
                       shaped.  Stigma obtuse.
                       Capsule 3 celled.  Seed
                       globose, numerous.

                        Interior limb of the ee*
                       rolla three  cleft;  seg-
                       ments flaccid.
Roscoe, Trans. Linn. Soc. 8. p. 339. Pursh, flor. Amer. 2. p. 5ff5l
Canna glauca, var. b.flaccida, Sp. pl. 1. p. 4*
"C. angustifolia ? Walt. fl. Car. p. 59.
                    A 
3
MONANDRIA MONOGYNTA.
   Root perennial, creeping. Stem herbacecous, terete, 2—3 feet high,
 very smooth.  Leaves alternate, large, lanceolate, very acute,  mem-
 branaceous, entire, smooth,terminating at the base in a sheath general-
 ly longer than the joints of the stem: upper leaves only a sheath. Flow-
 ers few in a terminal spike.  Bractea an obtuse, ovate scale, surround-
 ing the base of the germ.  Calyx three-leaved, superior: leaves lan-
 ceolate, acute, appressed to the tube of the corolla. Corolla one-petalled,
 yellow; tube cylindrical, thrice as  long as the calyx; margin s«cpart-
 ed; the t ree exterior segments lanceolate, acute, equal, reflexed; two
 inner ones obovate, reflexed, undulate, flaccid; the interior petal, v ry
 large, nearly round, margin reflexed, undulate, flacid.  Nectary, re-
 sembling a petal, 2 parted; outer segment resembling the inner seg-
 ments of the corolla; inner segment resembling the interior segment
 of the corolla, but narrower, erect, undulate.  Filament o. Anther ob-
 long, whitish, furrowed, attached to the interior segment  of the nec-
tary, which performs the functions of a filament.  Oerm round, sca-
 brous.  Style sword shaped, dilated near the summit, inserted into the
tube of the  corolla.  Stigma linear, attached to the  margin of  the
style, a little involute.  Capsule globose,  scabrous, 3-celled,3-valved»
Seed  globose, manv in eaeh cell.
  Grows in wet soils, around ponds;  Paris Island, near Beaufort;
Catham Co. Georgia.
  Flowers  May—July.                  Large-flowered Canna.


               THALIA.  Gen.  pl. 10.
   Jintherasimplex, ovata,
 filamento proprio depres-
 so  innixa.    Stylus  bre-
 vis,  ab anthera deflexus.
 Stigma  perforatum, rin-
 gens. Capsula 2-locularis.
    l.  Dealb  ta.
    T.   bractea biflora;
 scapo  arundinaceo,  pul-
 vtrulento; folris apice re-
 volulis.   Roscoe,  Trans.
 Lin. Soc.  8. p.  340.
    Pursh, 2. p. 584.
  Root perennial.  Leaves radical, distichous, cordate-ovate, acute*
 mucronate, entire,  ribbed, glabrous, slightly  sprinkled with a white
 dust, 6—9 inches long, S—5 wide; petioles  12—24 inches Ion-, near
 t.ie summit terete,  smooth, powdered, at base alternately sheathing
 the scape.   Flowers in a terminal  panicle.  Heape erect, columnar,
joiutcd I S—o feet hi-n.   Peduncles, somewhat terete, glabrous, geni-
   Anther  simple,  ovate,.
inserted into its own de-
pressed filament.   Style
short,  bent  from  the an-
ther.   Stigma  perforate,.
ringent. Capsule*.celled.

   Bractea two-flowered ;
scape  reed-like and with
the   panicle  powdered;
leaves  revolute   at  the
summit. 
M0NANDR1A MONOOYNlA.                8
culate, apparently jointed.  Involucrum at each joint many leaved;
leaves oblong, lanceolate, acute, nervose, glabrous, deciduous;  the
2 lower, as long as the panicle;  upper ones small.  Bractea, spatha-
ceous, two-flowered,  sessile, 2-leaved, coriaceous; outer leaf larger,
ovate, acute, glabrous without, downy on t e inner surface : sheathing
the inner leaf; the bractea with every part of t e panicle' almost covered
with a white powder.  Calyx 3-leaved ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute,
concave, nearly equal, small, purple.*  Corolla  1 petalled, six part-
ed, purple; the 3  exterior segments obovate, obtuse, equal; the 4th
longer,  obovate,  rigid,  tapering at  base, with  the m. r^in rounded,
emarginate; the 5th lateral, somewhat falcate, angled in the middle,
clawed at base;  the 6th lateral, similar to the preceding, but with
two setaceous processes at the angle.  Nectary? resembling a petal,
2 parted;  the exterior segment large, concave, rigid, truncate with a
sack at one xngle;  the interior segment filiform, as long as the petals,
with the summit inflexed, serving as a filament. Anther lateral, one
celled.  Germ beneath, obovate, very smooth.  Style thick, spiral.
S i%ma large, concave,  (perforate,) inflected, with the lower  margin
(lip?) elongated.   Nut? globose, one celled, the shell flexible, mem-
branous.
   Grows in damp soils, first discovered by Mr. John Fraser, near
Jacksonborough, South-Carolina, then ost to our Botanists, but after-
wards found by Mr. Middleton,  near Middleton place, Ashley River,
in great abundance.  Seen by Dr. Baldwin near &t. Mary's, Georgia,
and by me on James Island.
   Flowers June—September.                  Powdered Thalia.
SALICORNR.   Gen. pl. 44.
   Calyx ventriculosus, in-
teger.  Corolla  o.  Semen
1.
   1.  Herbacea.
   S.  annua,  erecta,  ra-
ni osa ;   artieulis   apice
emarginatis;  spicis oppo-
site  axiilaribus;  calyce
truncato.   E.
   Sp.pl. l.p. 23. Mich. l.p. 1
1. p. 2.
   Calyx ventricose.  en-
tire.    Corolla o. Seed  l.
     Annual, erect, branch-
  ing; joints notched  at the
  summits;  spikes opposite,
  axillary;  calyx  truncate.

Clayton, p. 1. Bigelow, p. 2. Pursh,
   • I have described the corolla and nectarium of this plant with some refer*
ence to the Canna.  It appears however as if the 3 outer segments were cls'inct
petals, while the fourth, filth, sixth, and bipartite nectary supporting the anther,
adhere firmly at base. 
«
MONANDRTA MONOGfNiA.
   Root annual, somewhat fusiform.  Stem much branched, ahouMt
Inches high, jointed, succulent; joints concave, 2 toothed: teeth acute,
somewhat mucronate.  Flowers 3, sessile, under each 9ummit of the
upperjoints.  Calyx thick, truncate, somewhat 3 sided, 1 leaved, split*
ting on one side.   Filaments 2. longer than the calyx, subulate, trans-
parent, lightly striate, 1 before, 1 behind the germ, expanding at dif-
ferent times, the interior  one firsr. (thence considered monandrous)
Anthers erect, two lobed, two  cleft at base,  yellow.  Germ above*
compressed, oblong-ovate.  Style o.   Stigmas 2, glandular.
  Grows on the inundated shores of the ocean.
  Flowers chiefly in August.            Herbaceous Salicornia,


   2. Ambigua.   Mich.
   S. perennis,  procum-
bens,  ramosa;  articulis
parvis, lunatis; spicis op-
positis,  alternisque ;  ca-
lyce truncato.   E.

   Mich. 1 p. 2.  Pursh, l.p. 3?
  Root fibrous, creeping.  Stem procumbent and ascending.  Flower^,
fwty.r, filaments,  as in  the preceeding.  Anthers purplish  yellow*
©enn short, ovate. Styles 2, or 0.  Stigmas 2, obtuse, glandular.
  Grows on the sands overflowed by salt water.      very common*
  jPlowers July—September.                 Shrubby Salicornich


            CALLITRICHE.   Gen. pl. 17.
  Perennial, procumbent,
branching;  joints  cres-
cent-shaped, small; spikes
opposite  and alternate;
calyx truncate.
   Cahpco. Petataz. Cap-
sula S1 ocularis, 4 sper ma.
l. tf
   Calyx o. Petals 2. Cap*
sule 2 celled, 4 seeded.
ETEROPHYLLA.   Pursh.
   Leaves  linear,  obtuse,
half embracing the stem,
upper   ones  spathulate;
flowers hermaphrodite.
    C.  foliis linearibus,
obtusis, semi-amplexicau-
libus, supremis paulo spa-
thulatis;  floribus  andro-
gynis.  E.

   C. verna, Pursh, 1. p. 3.  Walt. p. 59. Mich. 1 p. 2,
   C. aquatica, Big. p. 2.
  Root fibrous.   Stem procumoent, creeping or floating, round, smoothv
Leaves opposite, sessile, entire, dotted; immersed leaves linear; float-
ing leaves spathulate.  Flowers solitary, axillary, sessile.  Petals lan-
ceolate, white,  persistent; at first  twice as long as the germ, but
Smaller than the ripening capsule.  Filament 1, attached to the base <jf 
MONANDRlA MONOGYNTA.              ^
the germ, shorter than the germ, subulate.  Anther erect. 2 celled, ca-
ducous.   Germ superior, at first quadrangular, then compressed, emar-
ginate, furrowed.  Styles 2, longer than the petals, subulate, persis-
tent.  Stigmas simple, acute.  Capsule compressed, 4 celled? Seeds
1 in each cell, reniform.  (Seeds 4, naked.   Smith fl. Brit.)
  Grows in shallow water, and in soft muddy soils.
  Tlowers March—April.                   Spring Callitnchei
\A^VWVV\VVVVV\VVVVV\VV\V\\VVVVVV
CLASS  II-
DRIANDRIA M0.Y0G7MA.
4-
4~
7-
/»-
//-
   —3. OLEA.
   —6 CHIOXVNTHTJS.
   —7 CIROJEV.
   —8 VKR INICA.
    — 9. JUSTIi'IV.
   —10 EI/VTR\RIA.
/Z —11 r,R\TIOL\.
/4—-12 LIMDERNIV.
//<-—ln> MIOR \ N I'HEMUtf.
/f--14 PINGUICULA.
20 —15 UrRT':UL\RIA.
24—16- CATALPA.
^ gj=47 LYOOPUS.
   **-18 CUNILV
   iV—19 H KOROMA,
   £&—30 MON\RI)\.
   3J—21 SM.VIV
   96-22. COLLI NSONIA>
         DIGTMA.

2>f-»23  ANTHOXANTHUX0
Jf—24. EKIANTHUS.
OLEA.   Gen. pl.  25.
   Corolla  4  cleft;
ments  ovate.  Drupe
seeded.
seg>
   Corolla 4-fida; laciniis
subovatis.  Drupa mono-
sperma.
   i. Americana.
   O. foliis lanceolatis, el-
lipticis, integerrimis;  ra-
cemis  angustatis;  brac-
teis omnibus  persistenti-
bus, connatis, parvis.  Sp.
pl. 1. p. 45.
   Walt. p. 240.  Mich. 2. p. 222.  Pursh, 1. p. 7.
  A 6mall, beautiful, tree 12—20 feet high.  Leaves opposite, some*
times obovate, lucid, coriaceous, perennial.  Flowers in many pan**
calated racemes, fragrant.  Fruit austere.
  Leaves lanceolate, ellip-
tic, entire; racemes com-
pressed ; all the bracteas
persistent, connate, small. 
0
DRl\NDRIA  MONOGYNTA.
  Our species of Olea is dioicous ; but as the foreign species are gea#
erally polygamous, the genus has been retained in this class.
 ^ Grows in rich light soils along the sea-coast of Carolina and Geor-
C18-  Rarely found 60 miles from the ocean.
  Flowers April—May.                      American Olive*


          CHIONANTHUS.  Gen. pl.  26.
   Corolla 4 cleft :   seg^
ments very long.   JYut of
the  drupe striated.

  Panicle terminal, 3 cleft;
Peduncles  3   flowered 5
leaves acute.
    Corolla 4-fida; laciniis
 longissimis.   Drupce nu-
 cleus stiiatus.
    1.  Virgin ica.
   C.  panicula  terminali,
 trifida;  pedunculis triflo-
 ris ; foliis acutis.   Sp. pl.
 i, p. 46,

   Walt. p. 60.  Mich. 1. p. 3.  CI|yton, p. 1.  Pursh, 1. p. 7.

  A beautiful shrub, from 2—10  feet high, with numerous opposite
 branches, glabrous.  Leaves opposite, lanceolate, entire, nitid on the
 upper surface, deciduous.  Panicle terminal, composed of  opposite
 branches, with 2 or 3 pair of oval bracteal leaves ; the terminating
 peduncles 3 flowered.  Calyx very minute, 4 cleft, persistent.   Seg-
 ments of the corolla  linear, pendulous, white.  Stamens and Style
 scarcely longer than the calyx.
  1 have seen in the garden of Mr. Champnevs, a variety of this plant
 with panicles so long that they became cylindrical.
  Grows  in the  low countrv in damp soils; in the upper count:y I
have generully seen it in such as were dry and fertile.
  Flowers April.         Fringe  Tree.  Virginian Chionanthus.
                       White Ash.   Old Man's Beard.
  The root is used in the form of infusion, as a remedy in long stand,-
jpg lntermittents and other chronic diseases.
CIRCJEA.   Gen.  pl. St.
   Corolla dipetala. Caly x
4-phyllys, superus.   Cap-
sula bilocularis, non de-
hisce ns ;  loculis  mono-
epenuis.
  Corolla 2 petalled.  Ca-
lyx   2  leavt-d  superior.
Capsule  2  celled, not  o-
peningj cells one seeded* 
DRTANORlA MONOGYNTA.
1. Lutetian a.   Var. b. Canadensis, Sp. pi.
  Stem erect;  leaves o-
vate, toothed, opake, gla-
brous.
   C. caule erecto ;  folii*
ovalis,  denticulatis,  opa-
cis,  glabriusculis,  Vahl.
Enum. pl.  l. p. 301.

   Sp. pl. 1. p. 58.  Mich. l.p. 17. Clayt. p. 2. Big. 1.p. 8.  Pursh,
1. p  21.
  Root perennial. Stem round.  Leaves opposite. Flowers in termi-
nal racemes; petals inversely heart shaped, reddish white; capsules
roundi h, covered with minute hooks; stalks of the capsules bent
backward.
  Found in Greeneville, South-Carolina, by Mr. Moulins.
  Flowers June—September.               Canadian Circam*
  Stem ascending; leaves
cordate, toothed, shining;
calyx membranaceous.
   2.  Alpina.
   C. caule adscend^ente;
foliis  cordatis,  dentatis,
nitidis ;  calyce  membj-a-
naceo.  Vahl. Enum. pl.
1. p. 301.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 55.  Pursh, 1. p. 21.
  Plant small, procumbent.  Leaves cordate, with distant, and acute
serratures.  Spike filiform.  Fruit expanding.
VERONICA.   Gen.  pl. 32.
   Corolla limbo 4-parti-
to;  lacinia infima angus-
tiore.   Capsula bilocula-
ris.
   *  Flores   terminates^
spicati.
   1. VlRGlNICA.
   V.   foliis   quaternis |
quinisve, lanceolatis, aai- |
tis, serratis ;  spicis pluri- j
bus.  Hort. Kew. l. p. 26. |
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 54.  Iviicli. 1. p. 5.
   Border of the  corolla
4 parted ; the lower seg-
ment narrower.  Capsule
2 celled.
   *  Flowers  terminal,
spiked.

  Leaves by fours orfive*,
lanceolate, acute, serrat-
ed ; spikes many.
Clayt. p. 2.  Pursh, 1. p. 10, 
*
DIANDRIA M0N0GYNTA.
                        I—3 feet high, glabrous, slightly angled^
                       aessile, glabrous on  the upper surface, pu-
bescent on the under.   Flowers dense, on long axillary spikes; one ax
  Perennial.  Stem erec*, 2-
Leaves verticillate, nearly sessi
bescent on the under.  Floivers ucusc, uu
the base of each leaf, near the summit of the stem.  Corolla tuDuiar,
white.   Filaments much longer ban the corolla.  Anthers incumbent.
Germ above.  Style long, persistent,  (apsule tapering to a point at
the summit, not emarginate as is usual in this genus.
  Grows in the mountain vallies.
Flowers June-
-August.
Virginian Veronica^
   Spikes lateral, on ped-
uncles ;  leaves opposite,
obovate,  nearly   round,
hairy, annual; stem pro-
cumbent, rough.
   2.   Officinalis.
   V.  spicis   lateralibus,
pedunculate;  foliis  op-
positis. obovato-suhrotun-
dis, pilosis, annuis ; caule
procumbente, hirto.   Sp.
pl. l. p. .39.
   Mich, l  p 5. Pursh, 1. p. 10.  Smith, flor. Brit. 1. p. 16.
  Stem  spreading.  Leaves  pale, rigid, hirsute, scabrous.  Spikes
axillary, solitary, peduncled,  many flowered, hairv,  taller than the
item.   Flowers pale blue coloured, with deeper veins.
  Grows in Carolina.  Pursh.
  F.owers April—June.

   ** Flores corymboso-
racemosi.
   3.  SERPYLLl FOLIA.
   V.  racemo  terminali,
subspicato ;  foliis  ovatis,
glabris, crenatis.   Sp. pl.
4. p.  61.
   Sp. pl. I. p. 64.  Walt. p. 60   Mich. 1. p. 4.  Clayt. p. 2. No,
$67.  Big. p 5.   Pursh, l.p. U.                   J  F       *
  Perennial.  Stem 8—12 inches long, decumbent, pubescent, slio-htlv
angled, sometimes creeping.  Leaves opposite, decussate, on short
petioles.  Flowers m a terminal leafy raceme   Peduncles 2—3 lines
Ion.;.'.   Style persistent.  Capsules emarginate, ciliate.
  Inserted on the authority of Walter and Michaux.   I have not met
Vith this species in the Southern States.
  Flowers May-June.                 Thyme-leaved Veronieai
   ** Flowers in corym-
bose racemes.

 Raceme terminal, some-
what  spiked ;  leaves  o-
vate, glabrous, crenate. 
DIANDRIA M0N0GINIA.
  Racemes lateral; leaves
lanceolate, serrate ;  stem
erect.
   4.  Anagallis.
   V.  race mis lateralibus;
foliis lanceolatis, serratis;
caule  erecto.   Sp. pl. l.
p.  65.
   Mich. 1. p. 5.  Pursh, l.p. 11.
  Grows in Carolina, Pursh.   Like most of the species in this genus
.naturalized.
  Fiowers May—July.
    ***  Pedunculis   uni-       ***   Peduncles   one^
floris.                        flowered.
    5.  Agrestis.
    V.  floribus  solitariis, |     Flowers  solitary,  ped-
 pedunculatis; foliis corda- |  uncled;  leaves  cordate,
 tis, petiolatis; caulepubes- j  petiolate ; stem downy.
 cente.   Sp. pl. l.p. 72.   |

  Root annual, fibrous.  Stem procumbent, hairy.  Leaves alternate,
 on short footstalks, cordate-ovate,  notched, strongly veined, particu-
 larly on the lower  surface.  Flowers axillary, solitary ; peduncles
 terete, hairy, after flowering bending to the ground. Calyx 1 leaved,
 deeply 4 parted, persistent;  segments equal, lanceolate, 3 nerved,
 hairy, ciliate.   Corolla longer than the calyx, pale blue, with deeper
 veins.  Filaments attached to the tube of the corolla, shorter than co-
 rolla, dilated in the' middle,  Anthers incumbent,  nearly  globular,
 pale blue,  3 celled.  Capsule 2 celled, 4 valved, furrrowed, emargi-
 nate, hairy.  Seed 8 in each cell, sitting on tubercles on a central re-
 ceptacle.
  Grows in damp soils.  Around Savannah and Beaufort, very corn^
 mon ;  probably imported.
  Flowers  January—April.               Procumbent Veronica!
   6. Arvensis.
   V.  floribus   solitariis,
fbliisque  cordatis subses-
silibus; caule hirto.   Sp.
pl. 1. p. 43.
   Flowers  solitary,  and
with the cordate  leaves
nearly   sessile ;    stem
rough, hairy.
   Walt. p. 61.  Mich. l.p. 4. Clayt. p. 2, No. 368.  Pursh,l.p. 11.

  Root annual, fibrous. Stem proeuinbent, hairy and downy : branches
assurgcnt.   Lower leaves opposite, on very short footstalks,  cordate-

                          B 
10              DIANDRIA M0N0GYNTA,
ovate, obtuse, slightly toothed, obscurely 3 nerved ; «PPe£.Iea";* sv^
sile, alternate, lanceolate, entire or slightly toothed.   i>lowers axil-
lary, solitary, towards the summit of the branches nearly sessi e ,  al-
ter flowering, the peduncles extend to 1-2 lines.   Calyx 1  eave«»
deeply 4 parted, segments a little unequal, persistent.  Laroua paie
blue, shorter than the calyx.   Filaments half the length o the corol-
la, inserted into its tube.  Anthers somewhat cordate, 2 ce led, white.
Germ superior, compressed, furrowed.   ' tyle clayate, as long as the
filaments.  Stigma obtuse.  Seed 6—8 in each cell, obovate, dotted.
   Grows in soils  somewhat  damp,  around Charleston.  Like the
preceding, imported.                          WM_
  Flowers May-June.                        *™lA Veronica.
   Flowers  solitary,  ses-
sile ;  leaves  oblong, ra-
ther obtuse, toothed and
entire; stem  erect.
   7.  Peregrina.
   V.   floribus  solitariis,
sessilibus ; foliis ohlongis,
obtusiusculis,  dentaus in-
tegrisque ;  caule erecto.
Smith,  Trans. Lin.  Soc.  I
1. p.  19.                    I
   Mich. 1. p. 4.  Pursh, 1. p. 11.
   V. Caroliniana, Walt. p. 61.
  Root annual.  Stem fcrect and  procumbent, 8 inches  high, teretef
smootli, frequently without  branches.  The lowest  leaves opposite,
toothed ;  the  upper  alternate, linear-lanceolate, nearly entire;  all
smooth.  Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile.  Corolla white^
shorter than the calyx.  Filaments nearly half as long as the  corolla.
Anthers somewhat sagittate, white.  Seeas shining.
  Grows in  cultivated grounds very abundantly.
  Flowers February—March.              Maryland  Veronictti
JUSTICIA.   Gfn.  pl. 35.
   Calyx simplex  s. du-
plex.    Corolla   l-petala,
irregularis.   Capsula un-
gue elastico dissiliens; dis-
sepimentum   valvis con-
trarium.
  Calyx simple or double.
Corolla  i   petalled, irre-
gular.   Capsule opening
with an elastic spring; par-
tition, contrary  to the val-
ves. 
DIANDRIA monogynia.              41
   1.  Humilis.   Mich.
   J.   spicis  axillaribus,     Spikes  axillary, alter-
alternis,  elongatis;  flori-   nate,  long;   flowers  in
bus geminis;  bracteislan- |  pairs; bracteas lanceolate;
ceolatis ;   foliis oblongo-   leaves oblong-lanceolate.
lanceolatis.   E.
   Mich. 1. p. 8. Pursh, 1. p. 13.
   Dianthera ovata,  Walt. p. 1. 63.
  Root creeping,  perennial.  Stem herbaceous, assurgent, 12—18 in-
ches high, nearly furrowed, smooth below,  rough near the summit,
jointed.  Leaves opposite, decussate, nearly sessile, generally lanceo-
late, slightly  acuminate,  serrulate, the  upper surface and veins be-
neath scabrous.  Bracteas minute.   Calyx  1 leaved, 5 parted, per-
sistent; tube ventricose; segments of the border linear, lanceolate,
equal.   Corolla bilabiate, violet coloured; upper lip shorter, reflected,
slightly notched; the lower three cleft, segments acute, the middle
one longer; spotted at base.   Filaments 2, filiform, shorter than the
corolla, inserted into the tube of the corolla near its summit.  An-
thers 2 on each filament, one  terminal, the other lateral, both one lob-
ed. Germ superior, somewhat conical. Style slender, longer than the
stamens, slightly two cleft.   Stigmas 2, obtuse.  Capsule stipitate,
compressed.
  Grows in humid soils—not  rare.
  Flowers May—June.                   Ovate leaved Justiciar


   2.  Ensiformis.   Walt.
   J. spicis  sub-capitatis;
pedunculo longo, solita-
lio;  foliis   ensiformibus.
Walt.
  Dianthera ensiformis, Walt. p. 63.
  Justicia pedunculosa Vahl. P Pursh, 1. p. 13.

  Stem erect,  1—2 feet high,  obtusely 4 angled.   Leaves opposite, de-
cussate, linear lanceolate, very acute, a little oblique, glabrous.
  I have only seen specimens without flowers.
  Grows in St. John's, Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers May.


                 ELYTRAR1A.  Mich.

   Calyx 4 partitus, laci-      Calyx   4  parted  with
nia antica  fissa.   Corolla   the  front  segment divic)-
5-fida? laciniis subsequali-   ed.   Corolla 5 cleft, seg-
   Spikes nearly in heads;
peduncle  long, solitary;
leaves ensiform. 
IS
DIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
bus.  Filamenta 2 sterilia.
Capsula S-valvis,  2-locu-
laris.
   l.  Virgata.   Mich.
   E. foliis superne inte-
gris, nervisquesubtus gla-
bellis;  squamisfloriferis,
ovatis, margine villosis.
 ments  nearly  equal   ^
 sterile  filaments.   Cap-
 sule 2 celled, 2 valved.

   Leaves entire near the
 summit,  and   with  the
 nerves underneath some-
 what smooth ;  scales be-
 neath  the flower ovate, vil-
lous along the margins*
   Vahl. Enum.pl. 1. p. 106.
   Anon. Caroliniensis, AValt. p. 63.
  Root  perennial.  Root leaves long, lanceolate, wedge shaped  at
base, scabrous on the upper surface, glabrous underneath, slightly un-
dulate and repand near the base.  Scape 12—18 inches high, clothed
with ovate, very acute, scales embracing the stem.   Flowers in a dense
spike.  Bracteas like the stem leaves, rigid, enveloping the flower.
Scales  2at the base of the calyx, small, hairy.  Calyx 4 parted, the
seuments nearli  equal, somewhat hairy, the anterior 1—2 cleft. Cor-
olla tubular; border 5 cleft, (4 Walt). Stamens short. Germ superior.
Style capillary.  Stigma tongue shaped.  Seed few in each cell, small
  Grows in damp pine barrens.
  Flowers May—June.


             GRATIOLA.    Gen. pl. 37.
   Corolla irregularis, re-
supinata.  Stamina 2 ste-
rilia.    Capsula  2-locula-
ris.   Calyx 5-phyllus.
   * Bractece  2 ad  basin
calycis.
   1.  Vjrginica.
   G. glabra, caule assur-
gente,  tereti;  foliis lance-
olatis   ovalibusque,  ser-
ratis ;   calycis   foliolis
sequalibus.  E.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 104. Walt. p. 6.
   Clayton, p. 3.  No. 3"9.
     Corolla irregular, resu-
  pine    Stamens 2 sterile.
  Capsule 2 celled.   Calyx
  5 leaved.
     * Bracteas  2,  at the
  base of the calyx.

     Plant glabrous;  stem
  assurgent,  terete;  leaves
  lanceolate  and oval, ser*
  rate; leaves of the calyx
  equal.
Pursh, 1. p. 12'. 
                 DIANDR1AM0N0GYNIA,              13

  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, a little succulent,  slightly fur-
rowed generally erect. Leaves sessile, rather acute, obscurely 3 nerv-
ed.  Flowers axillary, solitary, on peduncles half the length  of the
leaves.  Bracteas linear-lanceolate, persistent, expanding,  shorter
than the calyx.   Corolla one leaved, tube slightly  incurved and an-
gled, border 4 cleft, segments unequal in breadth,  rounded, slightly
emarginate, purplish white, with deeper veins and streaks, pubescent
without, bearded within.  Filaments 2, inserted into the base of the
corolla, not half its length. Anthers oblong, somewhat renifnrm, 2 cell-
ed, white.  Rudimets ot 2 sterile filaments very short. Germ superior,
ovate, compressed, furrowed.  Style filiform, equalling th» stamens,
persUtent.   Stigma  compressed, bilabiate.   Capsule ovate, slightly
compressed,  somewhat angular, 2 celled, 2 valv?d. Seed numerous, at-
tached to a central receptacle, oblong, roughened with elevated dots.
  Grows in wet places, ditches, &c. very abundantly.
  Flowers March—April.                   Virginian  Gratiola.


   2. Atjrex.   Muhl.  Cat.
   G.  glabra;  caule  pro- J     Plrmt  glabrous ;  stem
cumbente,   tereti;  foliis J  procumbent.     terete  ;
ovato-lanceolatis,    semi-   leaves  ovate-lancer«iate,
amplexicaulil'us,    acute   !uvlf embracing  t!ie sfr-m,
serratis, piujctatis;  calyris   acutely senate,  dutt'.'d;
foliolis aequahbus.    E.      leaves of the calyx equ-d.
    G. officinalis? Mich. 1. p. 6. Pursh, 1. p. 12.
  Root  perennial?  creeping. Stem 1—2 feet long, terete,  slightly
furrowed, jointed, taking  root at (Ae joir.ts, with the s in.ivits assur-
gent. Leaves  rather thick,  obscurely 3  nerved.   Flowers a.villary,
solitary, generally alternate, on peduncles  shorter than  the  leaves.
Bracteal leaves  as long as the calyx.   Corolla bright yllow.
  Grows in the  wet pine barrens in Georgia, and the southern part of
Carolina, abundantly.
  Flowers April—June.              Fellow-flowered  Gratiola.


   3. Pilosa.    Mich.
   G.  pilosissima;   caule]     Plant very hairy ;  stem
erecto; fuliisovaiibus, se- |  erect; leaves  oval, half
mi-amplexiraulibus,  ser- |  embracing  the stem, ser-
ratis, rugosis ;  calycis fo- j  rate, rugose; leaves of Uie
liolis insequalibus.    E.    |  calyx  unequal.
    Mich. l.p. 7. Pursh, 1 p. 13.
    G. Peruviana, Walt. p. 62.
  Root perennial.  Stem 1—2 feet high, round below,square towards
the summit, clothed with transparent, jointed, hair. Leaves half em- 
14              DIANDR1AM0N0GYMA.
bracing the stem; the lower ones obtuse: the  upper  rather acute.
Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile.  Corolla 4 cleft, one segment
larger than the rest, white, tinged with purple.   Filaments, 2 short,
inserted into the tube of the corolla, 2 sterile, near its base.  Capsule
smooth.
  Grows in ditches and wet places.  Common.
  Flowers July—September.                    Hairy Gratiola.
   4.  Sphjerocarpa.   E.
   G.  glabra;  caule  pro-
cumbente,  tereti;  foliis
obovatis, basi  attenuatis,
serratis; capsula globosa.
E.
 Plant glabrous; stem pro-
cumbent,  terete ;  leaves
obovate, tapering at base,
serrate: capsule globose.
  Root perennial.  Stem jointed, taking root at the joints, fleshy, fur-
rowed.  Leaves sessile, obscurely 3 nerved. Flowers solitary, axilla-
ry, nearly sessile.  Leaves of the calyx equal;  bracteal leaves larger,
expanding,  slightly toothed. Corolla with the tube slightly angled, the
border 4 parted, one  segment broader, emarginate.  Filaments 2,
shorter than the corolla, inserted into  its tube.  Anthers 2 celled,
white. Sterile filaments o.  Germ superior.  Style  filiform, short.
Stigma compressed,  bilabiate.   Capsule globose, 2 celled, 2 valved.
Seeds numerous, angled, roughened, attached to a central receptacle.
  This plant agrees with the Gratiola, in habit, calyx, corolla, pistil
and seed; but recedes from that genus by  its  globular capsule, and
the want of sterile filaments.
  Grows in ponds 4 miles from Charleston, on the Neck.
  Flowers September—October.           Round-fruited Gratiola.
     ** Without Bracteas.
Mich.
     Plant pubescent; stem
  procumbent terete; leaves
  subulate, % or 4 toothed ;
  leaves  of the  calyx  un-
  equal.
   ** Bracteis nullis.
   5.  QUADRIDENTATA.
   G.  pubescens;   caule
procumbente, tereti; foli-
is lato-subulatis,  2  vel 4
dentatis;  calycis  foliolis
inaequalibus.   E.
   Mich. 1. p. 6. Pursh, 1. p. 12.
   G. ramosa,  Walt. p. 61.
  Root perennial, creeping.   Stem slightly furrowed; the pubescence
glandular, capitate.  Leaves opposite, rarely by threes, obscurelv dot
ted, rounded at base, with 2 teeth always near the summit.  Flowers
solitary, axillary, on peduncles, at first shorter than the leaves after 
DIANDRIA M0N0GYNTA.
45
Wards equalling them.  Tube of the corolla yellowish, streaked with
purple; border white.  Filaments  sessile,  shorter than the corolla; 2
sterile very short.  Anthers wiiite.  Style longer than the stamens.
Stigma bilabiate.   Capsule much shorter than the calyx.
  Grows around ponds—not rare.
  Flowers May—July.                    Four toothed Gratiola.
   6. Tetragona.   E.
   G.  glabra; caule  pro-
cumbente, tetragono; fo-
liis lanceolatis, parce den-
tatis ;    calycis    foliolis
sequalibus.   E.
   Plant   smooth ;   stem
procumbent,     square ;
leaves  lanceolate,   spa-
ringly toothed; leaves of
the calyx equal.
  Root perennial.  Stem taking root at the joints, exactly square.
Leaves sessile, acute, 4—6 toothed, obscurely 3 nerved.  Flowers on
square peduncles 2—3 lines long.   Leaves of the calyx linear, finely
serrulate.  Corolla white, with coloured streaks.  Capsules oblong,
acute, somewhat compressed and oblique, as long as the calyx.
  Grows in ponds ana ditches four miles from Charleston.
  Flowers September—November.        Square-stemmed Gratiola.
   Plant  glabrous;  stem
square, erect; leaves lan-
ceolate,   rather   blunt,
toothed toward the sum-
mit; stamens 4, fertile.
   7.  Acuminata.   Walt.
     G.   glabra ;    caule
quadrato, erecto ;   foliis
lanceolatis,     subobtusis,
versus  apicem  dentatis;
staminibus 4, fertilibus. E.
   Walt. p. 61.
  Root perennial.  Stem 12—18 inches high, the angles slightly wing-
ed.  Leaves somewhat wedge-shaped  at base.  Flowers solitary, ax-
illary, on peduncles generally longer than the leaves.  Leaves of the
calyx a little unequal in breadth.  Border of the corolla 4 parted, 1
segment wider, bearded within, all slightly toothed and mucronate.
Filaments 4, of which  two are shorter, inserted into the tube of the
corolla.  Germ superior. Style shorter than the stamens, stigma com-
pressed, bilabiate.  ( apsule oblong-ovate, compressed, acute, 2 cell-
ed, 2 valved.  Seeds many, cylindrical, truncate,  striate, attached to
a central receptacle.
  Grows in ditches and wet places, extensively diffused.
  Flowers  August—September.               Walter's Gratiola.
  The G. acuminata, by its regular didynamous flower, and the G.
sphterocarpa, by its fruit, appear  to be somewhat distinct from the
ether species; but I have retained them, unwilling to multiply genera. 
16
DIANDRIA MONOGYNlA.
   8.  Mf.oalocarpa.   E.
  G. foliis lanceolatis. ser-
ratis. pubescentibus;  pe-
dunculis  oppositis,  foliis
lon9*io:i >us ;  calycis foli-
c>:i> liueaiit- is,longitudhie
tupnulajsultglobosae. Pur.
   Leaves lanceolate,  ser*
rate,  pubescent;  pedun-
cles opposite, longer than
the leaves;  leaves of the
calyx  linear, as tong as
the globose  capsule.
   G. acuminata, Pursh, 1. p. 12.
  Flowers pale yellow, large.  Capsule larger than any other. Pursh^

   This specie-  is unknown  to  me but it  appears to be  very
distinct from Hie G. acuminata of Walter.  The length of the pedun-
cle ^ per'aps the only point in which they agree.  1 know not to
which section it properly belongs.
  Grows in ditches and pools from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Pursh.
  Flowers July—August.              Large-fruited Gratiola.


          * LINDERNIA.   Gen. pl. 1031.
   Calyx 5-phyllus.   Co-
rolla S-labiata, labio  su-
peiiore    breviore,   re-
flexo, emarginato.   Fila-
menta  4; 2  longioribus,
furcatis, sterilibus.   Cap-
sula   S-locularis,   2-val-
\is.
   l. Dilatata.   Muhl. Cat.
   L.  foliis basi  dilatatis,
amplexicaulibus,   parce
dentatis;  pedunculis fo-
liis longioribus.  E.
   Calyx 5  leaved.   Co-
rolla bilabiate,  upper lip
short, reflected,  emargi-
nate.   Filaments  4  ;   2
longer,   forked,   sterile.
Capsule 2 valved, 2 cell-
ed.
   Leaves dilated at base,
embracing the stem,  spa-
ringly toothed; peduncles
longer than the leaves.
L. pyxidaria, Pursh, 2. p. 419.
Gratiola ineequalis, Walt. p. 61.
G. anagallidea, Mich. l.p. 5.
Clayton, p. 3. No. 164.
  • I have placed this genus in the class Diandria, on account of its great affinity
to Gratiola. and because it haa really but 2 fertde stamens. The forked filaments
1 have found invariably sterile. 
DTANDRIA M0N0GTN1A.               17
  Moot annual.  Stem procumbent, square, smooth.  Leaves oblong,
ovate, obtuse, unequal, obscurely 3—5 nerved.  Flowers axillary, so-
litary, on square  peduncles, sprinkled with capitate hair.  Leaves of
the calyx a little  unequal, pubescent, ciliate.   Corolla twice as long
as the calyx, pale purple, resupine,  4 cleft; upper segment broader ;
3 lower segments (forming tlie under lip) oval, obtuse.  Filaments 4,
inserted into the  tube of the corolla; 2 longer,  equalling the tube of
the corolla,  sterile, forked near the summit, the points recurved; 2
shorter, filiform, fertile.  Anthers 2 lobed, incumbent, white.   Germ
superior, oblong-ovate.  Style short, thick, persistent. Stigma  com-
pressed, bilabiate. Seeds many, oval, attached to a central receptacle.
   Grows in  ditches, around ponds.   Plant small.
   Flowers May—September.            Dilated-leaved Lindernia.
   2. Attenuata.   Muhl
   L.   foliis    lanceolatis
obovatisque, basi attenua-
tis; pedunculis  foliis du-
plo  brevioribus.    E.
Cat.
   Leaves lanceolate  and
obovate, attenuate at base;
peduncles twice as short
as the leaves.
  Root, annual.   Stem  procumbent, square, smooth.  Leaves some-
what spathulate, serrulate.  Flowers axillary, solitary, on short te-
rete peduncles.  Leaves of the calyx nearly equal, serrulate. Sterile
filaments villous.
  Grows in wet places.  Vall'Ombrosa, Ogechee, Georgia.
  Flowers May—Ju.ie.              Tapering-leaved Lindernia:
MICRANTHEMUM.   Mich.
    Calyx 4-partitus.   Co-
rolla  insequaliter  4-flda.
 Capsula   i-locularis,  2-
 valvis,  polysperma.
1. OrbiculatuiIi.   Mich.
   Calyx  4 parted.   Co-
rolla  unequally  4   cleft.
Capsule  l celled, 2  valv-
ed, many seeded.
   M.  foliis   orbiculatis,
basi  abrupte  angustatis.
E.
   Leaves  orbicular,  ab-
ruptly narrowed at base.
Mich. 1. p. 10.
Anon, umbrosa,
Pursh, l.p. 10.
Walt. p. 63.
  Root perennial. Stem prostrate, creeping, glabrous, round.  Leav?f>
opposite, sessile, very entire, obscurely 5 nerved.  Floi-ers axillary,
solitary, opposite, on peduncles 1—2 lines long.  Segments of the
calyx a little spathulate, the two upper ones shorter.   < t.rolla shorter
than the calyx, whitej upper segments shorter, the lower elongated; 
18              DIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
all obtuse.  Filaments 2, shorter than the corolla, dilated at ba^e'J""
serted into the tube of  the corolla at the fissures of the lower ^
ments. Anthers 2 lobed. globose, white.  Germ superior.  *T~ ,"
form, as long as the anthers, bending to them.  Stigma Dearijyo*
bose.  Capsule globose, 1 celled, 2 valved.  Seeds many, oval, trans-,
versely striate, attached to a central receptacle.
  Grows in shallow water and in muddy places.  Very common.
  Flowers nearly through the whole year.  ;
                              Round-leaved Mcranthemum,
   Leaves  oval  and obo-
vate,  emarginate \  flow-
ers sessile.
Leaves ses-
   S. Emarginatum.   E.
   M. foliis ovalibus obo-
vatisque,    emarginatis ;
floribus sessilibus.   E.
  Root perennial.   Stem prostrate or floating, creeping.
sile, entire, obscurely 5 nerved.   From the preceding it only differs in
having its leaves more remote, 3 or 4 times as long, obovate, slightly
emarginate; while the flowers are if possible smaller, and on pedun-
cles scarcely visible.
  Grows in ditches and wet places—Vall'Ombrosa, Great Ogechee.
In the upper country, common.
  Flowers through the whole summer.
                               Large-leaved Micranthemuw'
           PINGUICULA.
   Corolla ringens, calca-
rata.   Calyx  bilabiatus,
5-fidus.  Capsula  l-locu-
laris.
   1. Elatior.
   P.  corollse  limbo sub-
sequaliter  5-fido,  laciniis
bilobis,  lobis  plerumque
indivisis ;   calcare  com-
presso, obtuso, tubo dimi-
dio breviore.  E.
   Mich. 1. p. 11.  Pursh, 1. p. 14.
   P. ccerulea, Walt. p. 63.
  Root perennial, composed  of thick  and fleshy fibres.  Stem 0.
Leaves radical, spathulate -ovate, entire, obtuse, viscid, the margins
rolled in, (as in every species  in this  country), so as to appear like a
deltoid leal*.   Scape  columnar, 8—12 inches high, villous at  base
  Gen. pl.  4o.
   Corolla ringent, with  a
spur at base.   Calyx bi-
labiate, 5  cleft.   Capsule
l  celled.

   Border of the  corolla
 equally 5 cleft, segments
 2 lobed,  lobes generally
 entire; spur compressed,
 obtuse, half as  long  as
 the tube. 
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,             IS
 1—4 from each root.  Flowers solitary, nodding before they expand.
 Calyx deeply 5 cleft, segments oval, obtuse, the two lower ones near
 together.  Tube  of the corolla ventricose, villous within, greenish,
 veined with  purple.   Filaments  2,  attached to the base of the
 germ, short, thick, appressed to the germ.  Aethers approximate, glo-
 hose, one celled, opening  at the summit.   Germ superior, globose.
 Style very short, compressed.  Stigma bilabiate; upper lip very short,
 somewhat 3 lobed;  the lower dilated,  villous, reflexed, covering the
 anthers.   Capsule globose, 1 celled, pointed with the persistent style.
 Seeds numerous, oval, attached to a central receptacle.
   Grows in damp soils j not common near the ocean ; very frequent
4n the middle districts.
   Flowers  March—April.                    Tall Pinguicula*
   2. Lute a.   Walt.
   P. corollse limbo  5-fi-
do,  laciniis  bilobis, lobis
bidentatis ;  calcare subu-
lato, tubo paulo breviore.
E.
   Walt. p. 63.  Mich. 1. p. 11.
  Scape 1—3 from each root, 6—8 inches high, pubescent, one flow-
ered.  Calyx equally 5 cleft.  Corolla campanulate, segments almost
equally 2 lobed.  Stigma with the upper lip very minute; the inferior
dilated,  covering the anthers.  Plant generally pubescent, the hairs
all terminated by a small viscid globule.
  Grows in damp pine barrens, very common.
   Flowers March—April.                  Fellow Pinguicula*
   Border  of the corolla
 5 cleft, segments 2 lobed,
 lobes  2   toothed ;   spur
 subulate,  a little shorter
 than the tube.
Pursh, l.p  14.
   Border of the corolla 5
cleft,  segments  emargi-
nate,  lobes  entire;  spur
subulate, a  little obtuse,
as long as the tube.
   3. Pumila.   Mich.
   P. corollse limbo 5-fido,
laciniis emarginatis, lobis
integerrimis; calcare sub-
ulato,  subobtuso,  tubum
sequante.   E.
   Mich. 1. p.  11.  Pursh, 1. p. 14.
  Leaves more smooth than in the preceding species.  Scapes 2—6
from each root, 3—5 inches  high, very downy, each hair capitate.
Segments of the  calyx  all  obtuse, very downy.  Corolla pale blue,
tube yellowish,  streaked with purple, villous within.  Stigma with the
upper lip short, slightly 3 lobed ;  the lower dilated, ciliate, covering
the anthers.  Capside globose, downy, 4 ? valved.
  Grows in flat pine barrens.  Very common in Georgia, south of the
Ogechce river.
  Flowers March—April*                    Small Pinguecula. 
2Q             DIANDRIA  M0N0GYNIA.
UTRICULAHIA.   Gi:n.  pl. 41.
   Corolla ringens, calca-
rata.    Calyx  s-phyllus,
sequalis.   Capsula  unilo-
cuiaris.
   1  Inflata.   Walt.
   U.  fluitans;   racemis
multifloiis,   involucro  ?
hexaphyllo,  verticillato,
suffultis;   corollse labio
inferiore   3-lobato; cal-
care  profunde   emargi- ,
nato.    E.                  |
   Walt. p. 64.
   U. ceratophylla, Mich. '. p.  12
Corolla ringent, with a
               Calyx  a
                Capsule
spur at  base.
leave!,  equal.
1 celled.
                                Floating; racemes many
                              flowered,  supported  by a
                              six leaved, verticillate in-
                              volucrum  ;  lower lip of
                              the corolla 3 lobed ; spur
                              deeply  emarginate.



                                Pursh, 1. p. 15.
  * Stem pere.inial. submersed, branching, terete, glabrous.  Leaves'
alternate, 2—3 inc *-  long,  at base 3 or  4 parted, appearing at
first si^ht as if verticillate, above much divided; segments  all seta-
ceous, alternate or dichotomous, kneed at the divisions, and just above
them furnished witi an ovate, compressed, dark,  air vessel   (Utricu-
lus).  Flowers  in simple racemes, 6—10 flowered; the common ped-
uncle 8—12 inches Ion;,, supported below the middle by a verticillate
involucrum, floating on the surface of the water.  Leaves of the involu-
crum  3—i inches long,  spungy, much divided  towards the ex-
tremities, without air vess Is; segments setaceous.  Calyx 2 leaved,
persistent; leaves nearly  equal, concave, ovate, nervose, the  lower
slightly emarginate.  Corolla yellow; upper lip broad-ovate, entire ; the
lower larger, three cleft, the lateral segments broad, the middle one
longer; spur  somewhat lanceolate, compiessed,bifid, half as Ion"- as
the lower lip of the corolla.  Filaments 2, short, nearly united at base
inserted into the tube of the corolla.   Germ superior, ovate.  Sti/le as
long as the stamens, filiform.   Stigma bilabiate; upper lip truncate •
the lower dilated, reflexed, ciliate. Capsule 2 valved.  Seeds- numerous!
  Grows in tranquil waters, very common.
  Flowers March—May.
Walt.
racemis,
   2. Fibrosa.
   U.  fluitans;
paucifloris, involucro nul-

  * The term Stem used in describing the foating species of this genus  is amjlied
to that part of the plant \vh ch is always submersed  In the 1st tpecies the term
*% correctly applied, but whether so in the others, is somewhat doubtful
   Floating; racemes few
flowered, involucrum 0 : 
DIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.             81
lower  lip of the  large
corolla obscurely 3 lobed j
spur emarginate.
lo ;   corollre •majusculse
labio inferiore obscure 3-
lobato ;  calcare emargi-
nato.
   Walt. p. 64.  Pursh, 1. p. 15 ?

  Stem 2—3 feet long, round, submersed.  Floivers in simple racemes.
2—3 flowered ; common peduncle 6—8 inches long, columnar; proper
 f»eduncle 1—2 inches long, slender.  Corolla large, yellow; upper lip
 arge, rounded, obscurely 3 lobed ; lower lip smaller ; spur subulate, as
long as the lower lip.
  From specimens sent from  St. John's, by Dr. Macbride.
  Grows in St. John's.  Sometimes when deserted by the water ap-
pears to shoot from the base  of each peduncle, fibrous roots sparingly
furnished with utriculi.  Corolla large but not equal in size to that of
the IT. inflata.
  Flowers Septembers-October.
   Floating;   peduncles
axillary,  generally   one
flowered ; involucrum 0 ;
lower lip of the corolla 3
lobed,  lateral lobes  end-
ing in small sacks.
   3.  Saccata.   Le Conte.
   U. fluitans ;   pedun-
culis  axillaiibus  subuni-
11 oris ;  involucro  nullo;
corollse   labio  inferiore
trilobato, lobis lateralibus
apice saccatis.  Le Conte.
   U. purpurea,Pursh,  1. p. 15.
  Stem 1—2 feet long, terete, glabrous, submersed.  Leaves alternate,
4—5 parted at base, as if verticillate; each segment again divided in
a similar manner; upper segments pinnatifid all setaceous.  Peduncles
1—2 in each axil, 2—3 inches long, sometimes, though rarely^ 2 flow-
ered. Leaves of the calyx emarginate.  Corolla purple: upper lip nearly
round;  the lower longer; the lateral lobes cucullate? by the formation
of their sacks  nearly conic; the middle one longer, oval, with its mar-
gin reflected; spur subulate, compressed, half as long as the lower lip,
appressed to the middle lobe,  covered by its reflexed margins, and
closing the  mouths  of the la eral sacks.  Seed very  numerous and
small, attached to little tubercles on a central receptacle.
  Grows in stagnant water.  Extensively diffused, thought© me, not
very common.
  Flowers June—July.
   4. LONCIROSTR1S.
   U.
nullo;
floris
fluitans; involucro
  pedunculis  1—2
;   calcare  corollse
Le Conte.
       Floating; involucrum o;
     peduncles  l—3  flower-
     ed ;   spur   longer   than 
22
DIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
labio  inferiore  longiore,
adscendente, emarginato.
Le Conte.
the  lower lip of the co-
rolla,  ascending, emargi-
nate.
  Floating in stagnant waters.  Leaves divided, segments setaceous.
Peduncles 3—4 inches long, generally 2 flowered.  Lips of the corol-
la obscurely 3 lobed; corolla yellow, of a middle size.
  Grows in stagnant water, both in Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers June.
   5. GlBRA,
   U.  fluitans ;  peduncu-      Floating ;  peduncles
lis  sub-bifloris;  calcare  generally   2   flowered ;
corollse  labio   inferiore  spur  shorter   than   the
breviore,  obtuso,  medio  lower  lip  of the  corolla,
gibbo.   E.                  obtuse,  gibbous  in  the
                             middle.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 113. Pursh, 1. p. 16.
  Floating in stagnant water.  Scape or rather peduncle  6 inches
long, bearing a few small flowers.  Corolla yel|ow, the lips slightly
lobed; the spur a little shorter than the lower lip,  bulging in  the
middle.
  Grows in ponds 6 miles from Charleston.
  Flowers in June.
   6„ BlPARTITA.   E.
 U. radicans; pedunculis,
paucifloris ;   corollse  la-
biis subintegris,  calcare
brevi, obtuso; calycis fo-
liolo inferiore bifido.   E.
    Radicant; peduncles
few flowered; lips of the
corolla   nearly   entire,.
spur short, obtuse ; low-
er  leaf  of the calyx two
cleft.
  Generally growing in soft muddy places.  Scape 2—4 inches high
Flowers one to three.  Corolla rather  small, lips nearly equal and
entire;  spur (I describe from specimens)  scarcely half as lone as the
corolla, very obtuse.   Lower lip of the calyx generally 2 cleft- some
times divided to its base.                               '
  Sent from St. John's by Dr. Macbride*
  Flowers in October. 
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
33
7. Biflora.  La Marck.
   Floating;   peduncles
generally % flowered; lips
of  the   corolla entire ;
spur subulate,  obtuse,  as
long as the lower lip.
   U.  fluitans ;   pedun-
culis sub-bifloris ; corol-
la; labiis integris; calcare
subulato,  obtuso, labium
inferius   sequante.    Le
Conte.

   La Marck, ill-is4. 1. p. 50. Pursh, l.p. 15.
   U. Integra, Le Conte. Juss.

  Stem slender, submerged. Leaves alternate, divided as if verticillate;
segments setaceous. Peduncles axillary; the common peduncle, 3—4
inches long; pedicel 2—3 lines long.  Corolla yellow, rather small; th*
upper lip entire, (obscurely 3 lobed,  Le Conte,) reflexed; the lower
rather longer.
  Grows in ditches and stagnant water. Ogechee causeway, Vall'OntS
bresa.
  Flowers May—June.


   8. Personata.   Le Conte.
   Scape many flowered;
upper lip  of the  corolla
emarginate,  lower   ob-
tuse, with  a point; spur
straight, acute..
    U.   scapo  multiflo-
ro;  corollse  labio  supe-
riore  emarginato, inferi-
ore obtuso, cum acumine;
calcare recto, acuto.  Le
Conte.
  Root fibrous.  Leaves 0 ? Scape 12—23 inches high, 4—10 flower-
ed, slender,,glabrous, furnished with small scales.  Flowerafyellow,
rather large.  Spur subulate, very acute, a little curved.
  This species nearly resembles the U. cornuta, Mich, but appears to
difterfrom it in having a more slender and acute spur, more numerous
and smaller flowers.
  Grows in damp clayey soils near Columbia, M. Herbemont.   St.
Stephens,  Dr. Macbride.
   9.  Setacea.   Mich.
   U. papo  multifloro ;
corollse  labio  superiore
ovato, inferiore promisse
trilobato:  calcare subu-
   Scape many flowered;
upper lip of the corolla
ovate, lower strongly  3
lobed ;  spur subulate, as 
24              DIANDRIA  M0N0GYNIA.
 lato,    labium   inferius  I Jong  as the lower lip of

 corolla   sequante.     Le  | the corolla.
 Conte.                      |
    Mich. 1.  p. 12.
    UA pumila, Walt, p. 64.
    U, subulata ? Pursh, 1. p. 15.
  Root fibrous.  Stem erect, setaceous, 2—4 inches high, furnished
 with a few ovate scales.  Flowers 4—7 on short setaceous peduncles.
 Lower leaf of the calyx slightly emarginate.  Lower lip of the Stigma
 somewhat lacerate.
  Grows in wet, springy soils, very common.
  Flowers April—^May.             Bristle-stalked Utricularia.

  In this genus 1 have been aided by the notes of Jno. Le Conte, Esq.
 of Georgia, who has paid it much attention.  It still wants examina-
 tion.  Ihave not been able to meet with all the species I have enume-
 rated in a living state, and specimens in this genus it is diflicult to
 preserve.  U. saccata is generally supposed  to be the U.  purpurea of
 Walter, and as it grows in the  neighborhood where he  reside d, it
 may be  his plant.  I once found in the pastures of Silkhope, near
 Savannah, a small species  with purple flowers, attached to the earth,
 strongly resembling the  U. setacea, which  then appeared to me to
 agree exactly with the U. purpurea, Walt  I retained no specimens
 of it, and since my attention has been  turned  more directly to  this
 work, I have been unable again to discover it.  It is not therefore, at
present, inserted among tny species.
CATALPA.   Walt.   Juss.
Calyx S-par:itus.   Co-
rolla campanulata, ventri-. > rolla campanulate, ventri-
cosa. Filamenta 3 sterilia.
Capsula cylindrica, S-val-
vis, 2-loeularis.
Calyx  2 parted.   Co-
1. Cordifolia.   Duham.
cose.  3  sterile filaments.
Capsule  cylindrical, s cel-
led, 2 valved.
   C.  foliis   simplicibus,
cordatis,     integerrimis,
ternis ;  floribus  panicu-
latis.
   Leaves   simple,   corr
date,  entire,  by  threes ;
flowers in panicles.
Catalpa syringxfolia, Pursh, 1. p. 10.
Mich.  Arbre9 forest. 3. p. 217.
Catalpa bignonioides, Walt. p. 64.
Bignonia Catalpa, Sp. pl.  Mich. 2. p. 25. 
DIANDRIA MONOGYNlA.
25
  A large beautiful tree, sometimes 40—50 feet high, 2—3  feet in
diameter, wiih long opposite expanding branches.   Leaves generally
by threes, large, acuminate, glabrous  on the upper  surface, downy
underneath, 8—12 incites long, with a breadth nearly equal;  petioles
5—8 inches long ; flowera in  pyramidal terminal panicles;  branches
and flowers generally by threes; pedicels 6—10 lines long, with small,
linear-lanceolate  leaves near the middle.   Calyx 1 leaved, 2 parted,
segments obovate, concave, mucronate, persistent.   Corolla unequal*
ly 5 parted, the lobes crenulate and wavering; tube ventricose, vari-
egated with yellow and purple; the  flower white without.   Filaments
2 tertile,  incurved,  scarcely longer than  the tube of the  corolla.
Anthers reflexed, 2 lobed, lobes very distinct; 2—3 sterile filaments,
very short.  Germ superior, ovate, small. Style as long as the stamens.
Stigma bilamellate. Silique 12—15 inches long, with a transverse dis-
sepiment.  Seeds flat, winged, with a small tuft of hair at the  summit.
  The tree when young and vigorous,  is very beautiful;  but when it
begins to decay, its long baanches give it a naked  appearance.  Its
wood  is said to be durable.  The largest trees I have ever seen, grow
in in a sandy soil near the Euhaw creek.
  Grows in the middle and upper  country of Carolina and Georgia,
along  the margin of riyers.
  Flowers April—May.
LYCOPUS.   Gen.  pl. 44.
                                   Corolla  4  cleft,  one
                                segment emarginate. Sta-
                                mens  distant.   Seeds  4,
                                retuse.

                                   Leaves broad,lanceo-
                                late, serrate, tapering and
                                entire   at  base;    calyx
                                shorter than   the   seed,
                                acute.
                                Mich. 1. p. 14.  Pursh, 1. p. 16.
  Root perennial, fibrous.   Stem herbaceous, erect, 1—2 feet high,
square, furrowed, pubescent, branched.  Leaves opposite,  sessile,
acuminate, a little rough, dotted underneath.  Flowers crowded in ses-
sile axillary whorls;  2 very minute leaves at the base  of each flower.
Calyx one leaved, 4 cleft, shorter than the seed, persistent.   Corolla
white, twice as long as the calyx, the emarginate segment broader than
the rest.  Filaments  2, as long as the corolla, inserted into its tube
near the upper segment.  Anthers erect, 2 lobed, pale purple.  Germ
   Corolla  4-fida,  lacinia
unica emarginata.  Stam-
ina distantia.    Semina 4,
retusa.
   1.  Virginicus.
   L.  foliis  lato-lanceola-
tis, serratis, basi  attenua-
tis integerrimisque ;  ca-
lyce seminibus  breviore,
acuto.   E.
   Sp.pl.  l.p. 121.  Walt. p. 64. 
S6
DIANDRIA aiONOGYNIA.
superior, square, slightly furrowed.  Style as long as the corolla, Stig-
ma -2 cleft, segments acute.  Pericarp, none but the pers-stem cu j*.
  Grows in wet soils, ditches, &c.   Common.           t,.-««««
  lirows in vvei »un», uitches, &c.
  Flowers August—October.


   2. Angustifoltus.   E.
   L. foliis angusto-lance- |
olatis, serratis ;  calyre 5-
fido, laciniis  acuminatis,
seminibus longioribus. E.


   L. europjeus ?  Walt. p. 64.
  Perennial.  Stem erect, square, glabrous, 2—3 feet high.  Leaves
opposite, lanceolate, narrow, with a long acumination,  remotely ser-
rate, the serratures growing  deeper on the lower leaves.  Flowers
in sessile whorls.  Segments of the calyx acuminate, rigid, much
longer than the seed.
  Grows with the preceding, in damp places, ditches, &c.
  Flowers August—September.        Narrow-leaved Lycopus*
Virginian Lycopus.
   Leaves narrow, lance-
olate, serrate;  calyx  5
cleft,  with the segments
acuminate,   longer  than
the seed.
   Leaves  at base  pinna-
tifid, serrate, with the seg-
ments intire  and slightly
serrate; calyx spinous*.
   3. Exaltatus.
   L. foliis basi pinnatifida,
serratis,  laciniis  integer-
rimis     subserratisque ;
ealycibus spinescentibus.
Pursh, 2. p. 727.
   Sp.pl. l.p. 121.
  Grows in Carolina and Virginia, in low shady woods. Rare. Pursh.
  Flowers August—September.
  I have a specimen from the Northern States agreeing exactly with
the description of Pursh.  It resembles the preceding much more than
the succeeding species ; the  leaves are acutely divided, and the seg-
ments of the calyx more dictinctly spinescent than in our species.  °
   4.  SlNUATUS.  E.
   L. repens;  foliis pro-
funde sinuatis  incisisque,
subrugosis ;  calyce quln-
quefido,  laciniis acutissi-
mis.   E.
  Creeping; leaves deep-
ly  sinuate  and  incised,
somewhat rugose; calyx
5 cleft, with the segments
very acute. 
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.              27
  Root creeping.  Stem erect, 4—6 feet high, square, deeply furrow-
ed, glabrous.  leaves opposite, deeply sinuate, almost pinnatifid, with
the segments of the lower leaves, toothed and incised.  Leaves w,hen
vigorous 5—6 inches long, segments nearly 2.  Flowers in sessile
whorls.  Segments of  the  calyx very acute, rigid, longer than the
seeds.
  Grows in the swamps, on the Ogechee river, Vall'Ombrosa.
  Flowers  August—September.          Scallop-leaved Lycopus.
CUN1LA.   Gen.  pl. 46.
   Calyx   cylindrical,  5
toothed,  villous   at  the
throat.   Corolla ringent,
with the upper lip erect,
flat,  emarginate.    Sta-
mens 2, sterile.

   Leaves ovate,  serrate;
corymbs terminal, dicho-
tomous.
   Calyx  cylindricus,  5-
dentatus,  fauce  villosus.
Corolla ringens, labio su-
periore   erecto,   piano,
emarginato.   Stamina  2
sterilia.
   1. Mariana.
   C.  foliis ovatis, serra-
tis;  corymbis terminali-
bus, dichotomis.    Sp. pl.
1. p. 123.
  Mich. l.p. 13   Pursh, 2. p. 406.
  Root perennial.  Stem 1—2 feet high, 4 angled, glabrous, much
branched, purple    Leaves  opposite, nearly  sessile,  ovate, acute,
rounded, almost cordate at base, acutely serrate, glabrous on the up-
per surface, hairy underneath.  Flowers in small axillary and terminal
dichotomous corymbs, with a flower in each division.  Calyx 10 nerv-
ed, 5 becoming prominent teeth ; villous in the throat.  Corolla white.
Fertile  Stamens and  Style twice as long as the corolla.  Stigma un-
equally 2 cleft.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.  Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers August—September.              Maryland Cunila.
                                        Mountain Dittany.
  An infusion of the leaves of this plant is often given in fevers, with
the view to promote perspiration.  It is a pleasant and refreshing
drink.
HEDEOMA.
   Calyx  bilabiatus, basi
gibbus.   Corolla ringens.
Stamina 2 sterilia.
Persoon, Syn. 2. p. 131.

          Calyx   bilabiate,  gib-
       bous at base.  Corolla rin-
       gent.  Stamens 2 sterile. 
28
DIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
   1. Pulegioides.
   H. foliis oblongis, ser-
ratis ; pedunculis axillari-
bus,  multifloris.   Pers.
   Leaves oblong, serrate*
peduncles axillary, many
flowered.
   Pursh, 2. p. 414,
   Cunila pulegioides, Sp. pl. 1. 122.

  Annual, (Mich.)  Stem 12—18 inches high, 4  angled, pubescent.
Leaves opposite, lanceolate, tapering at base to a petiole, sparingly
toothed, strongly veined, pubescent.  Flowers  verticillate, on short
peduncles.  Calyx nerved, hairy, 2 lipped ; upper lip composed of 2
subulate, ciliate, segments j the lower lip of 3 larger, lanceolate, and
without a fringe.
  Grows in the upper country and mountains.  Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers June—September.                 Wild Pennyroyal.
MONARDA.   Gen. pl. 48.
   Corolla insequalis, labio
superiore  lineari,   fila-
nienta  involvente.    Se-
mina 4.
   l.  Clinopodia.
    M.  glabra;   capitulis
terminalibus; bracteis ex-
terioribus lato-ovatis, acu-
tis, integerrimis ; corollis
pubescentibus, tenuibus ;
foliis ovato-oblongis. acu-
minatis, serratis, pilosius-
culis.
   Corolla unequal, upper
lip linear, inclosing the fi-
laments.   Seeds 4.
   Glabrous; heads  sim-
ple, terminal;  the exte-
rior bracteas ovate, wide,
acute,  very entire ;   co*
rolla pubescent, slender;
leaves, ovate-oblong, acu-
minate, serrate, hairv.
                4    m
   Pursh, 1. p. 17. Sp. pl. 1. p. 125.
   (exclus, syn. Gronovii.)

  Stem obtusely angled,  glabrous.  Heads small.  Bractea nearlv
glabrous.  Calyx short, ciliate.  Corolla yellow, with purple specks!

  Grows in the mountains of Carolina in dry soils.  Pursh,
  Flowers July—September. 
DIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.             29
   2.  Gracilis.   Pursh.
   M.  glaberrima;  capi-
tulis lateralibus termina-
libusque ;  bracteis  exte-
terioribus linearibus, cili-
atis ;  corollis brevibus ;
foliis  lineari-lanceolatis,
acuminatis,  serratis,
Pursh, l. p. 17.
   Very glabrous; heads
lateral and termiual;  the
exterior  bracteas  linear,
ciliate ;   corollas   short;
leaves  linear lanceolate,
serrate.
  Stem  obtusely-angled.  Heads small, naked.  Calyx pubescent,
ciliate.  Corolla very slender, glabrous, yellowish white. Pursh.
  Found in the mountains of Carolina by Mr. Lyon.
  Flowers—
   3.  Mollis.
    M.  cano-pubescenti-
bus; capitulis simplicibus;
bracteis exterioribus cor-
dato-ovatis,acutis; corollis
hirsutis;  foliis oblongis,
attenuatis,  basi rotundat-
is, serratis.   Pursh,  1. p.
18.
   M. fistulosa, Var. b. Sp. pl. 1. p. 124.
  Stem acutely angled, hirsute.  Calyx short with a thick beard at
the throat,  voroua pale purple, with a very long beard at the point
of the helmet.  Pursh.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Pursh.
  Pubescent, hoary; heads
simple; the exterior brac-
teas cordate-ovate, acut*';
corolla hairy ;  leaves ob-
long,  tape ling,  rounded
at the base, serrate.
   4.  Fistulosa.
   M.  villis sparsis hirsu-
ta;  capitulis  simplicibus
proliferisque, foliosis; co-
rollis hirsutis; foliis ovat-
is,  acuminatis,  serratis  ;
petiolis   longis,   ciliatis.
Pursh, l. p. 18.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 124.
   Hirsute with scattered
hairs;  heads simple, pro-
liferous,  leafy ;   corolla
hirsute;  leaves ovate, a-
cuminate, serrratej peti-
oles long, ciliate. 
30
DIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
  Stem erect, 2-3  feet high, obtusely 4 angled, glabrous, hollow.
Leaves hairy, rounded at the base and slightly cordate.  Latyx 101  .
tubular, terminating m 5 acute teeth.  Corolla twice as long as iue
calyx, pale flesh colour.     ^
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers August—September.
   5. Punctata.
   M. glabriuscula;  flori-
bus  verticillatis; bracteis
lanceolatis, coloratis, ver-
ticillo longioribus ;  foliis
lanceolatis,  remote  ser-
ratis.  Pursh, l. p. 18.
   Nearly glabrous,- flow-
ers  verticillate ; bracteas
lanceolate, coloured, lon-
ger  than   the   whorl;
leaves'   lanceolate,   re-
motely  serrate.
   Sp. pl. l.p. 12fi.
   Walt. p. 64. M. lutea, Mich. 1. p. 16.
  Stem 3 feet high, obtusely 4 angled, pubescent.  Leaves oblong, ta-
pering at base  to a short petiole.  Flowers  sessile.   Corolla hairy,
vellow, dotted with brown; the upper lip slightly vaulted, containing
the filaments:  the lower shorter, 3 cleft.
  Grow- in li^ht soils; very common  in the lower country of Carolina.
  Flowers Aug.—Oct.        Dotted Monarda.   Origanum falsely,
                                 and  corruptly Rignum.

  The root of  this plant has soirte  reputation in family practice as an
emmenagogue.  It is  given warm,  in the form of infusion.
   6  CI LI ATA.
   M.  hirsuta  ;   floribus
verticillatis; bracteis ova-
tis. glabris. ciliatis, calyce
sequantibus; foliis ovato-
oblongis, attenuatis,  ser-
ratis.   Pursh, 1. p. 19.
   Hirsute ; flowers verti-
cillate ;   bracteas ovate,
glabrous, ciliate,  as long
as the calyx;  leaves ovate
oblong, tapering, serrate.
   Sp. pl. I. p. 126.
   Walt. p. 64.
   Mich. 1. p. 16.

  Stem acutely 4 angled.  Leaves nearly sessile, finely serrate pu-
bescent. Bracteas strongly veined.  Corolla small, blue, and with
the calyx very hairy.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.  Sent from
Athens by Mr. Green.
  Flowers July—September. 
DIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.              3!
                 SALVIA.   Cfn.  PL.  50

   Corolla insequalis.  Fit- \     Corolla unequal.   Fil-
amenta  transverse  pedi- j  aments fixed transversely
cello aflfixa.                 I  on a foot stalk.
   Radical leaves  lyrate,
dentate; upper lip of the
corolla very short; Stem
nearly  leafless,  retrorse-
ly pubescent
   1.  Lyrata.
   S.  foliis radicalibus ly-
ratis,  dentatis;   corolla-
rum  galea   brevissima;
caule sub-aphyllo, retror-
sum piloso.   Vahl.  1. p.

257.

   Sp. pl.  1. p. 128.
   Walt. p. 65.  Mich. 1. p.  14.
   Clayt. p. 5. No. 19 and 391.

  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, 2—3 feet high, square, furrow-
ed, hirsute, branched near the summit.  Leaves opposite; the radical
leaves crowded, lyrate and pinnatifid, obtuse, strongly veined, hirsute,
dotted, irregularly toothed, spotted with purple; the upper leaves
lanceolate,  slightly toothed.  Flowers in 6-flowered-whorls.  Calyx
one leaved, bilabiate,  angled, hirsute,  persistent j upper lip broad,
truncate, armed with 3 sharp teeth; the  lower longer,  2 cleft,  seg-
ments  acute.   Corolla bilabiate, hairy on  the  outside, blue;  tube
twice as long as the calyx; upper lip oval, emarginate; the lower longer
3 cleft; the lateral segments obtuse; the middle one larger, emarginate,
spotted at base.   Filaments 2, inserted near the summit of the  tube
of the corolla,  filiform, bent,  bearing a curved transverse pedicel
with an anther at each end.   Anthers oblong, 2 lobed, blue. (Does not
one anther approach the stigma and burst,  then recede and  allow the
other to come in contact?)   Germ superior, obtuse, furrowed. Style
filiform, longer  than the corolla, unequally 2 cleft.   Stigma simple,
acute.  Pericarp 0, but the persistent calyx.   Seeds 4, obovate, an-
gled on the  inner side.
  Grows in shaded places.   Very common.
  Flowers March—September.     Lyre-leaved Sage.   Cancer-weed.

  The fresh radical leaves of this plant when bruised  and applied to
warts generally  destroy them.   It is necessary to continue the appli-
cation for a day  or two and to renew it every twelve hours.  The ra-
dical leaves of the Hieracium Gronovii are employed for the same  pur-
pose, and it is said with equal effect.  Before their bloom, these plants
are often mistaken for each other by persons unskilled in botany, the
leaves of each being hairy and purplish underneath. 
32             DIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
   2.  CHYTONl.   E.
   S. foliis cordato-ovatis,
sinuatis, dentatis, rugosis;
calycis dentibus  labii  su-
perioris conniventil)us. E.
   Leaves  cordate-ovate,
sinuate, toothed, rugose;
teeth  of  the upper lip of
the calyx connivent.
   Clayton, p. 5. No. 272.
   Salvia Verbenaca, Muhl. Cat.
  Root thick, almost tuberous, perennial.  Stem herbaceous, erecf,
nearly a  foot high.  Leaves ovate and cordate, lanceolate, pmnatifad,
the segments toothed, rugose,  pubescent on the veins  and margins.
Flowers in 6 flowered whorls.  Bracteas? 2, at the base of each whorl,
cordate-ovate, acuminate, toothed, pubescent.   Calyx somewhat cam-
panulate, bilabiate, hispid along the veins and margin; upper lip 3 tooth-
ed, teeth connivent; the  lower lip longer, 2 clett, the segments acu-
minate, mucronate.  Transverse filament, bearing an anther at each
extremity.  Anthers nearly black.

  This plant is probably not distinct from the S. Verbenaca of Europe.
but it is certainly very different from the S. lyrata; besides the  dif-
ferences noticed in the specific character, its leaves are more rugose
and less hirsute, more rigid; and its corolla comparatively much smaller.
  Grows in the dry sandy pastures around Beaufort, abundantly.
  Flowers through the whole summer.        Vervain-leaved Sage.
   Leaves  ovate oblong,
doubly   serrate ;   calyx
three toothed, upper seg-
ment three toothed.
   3. Urticifolta.
   S. foliis ovato-oblongis,
duplicato-serratis;  caly-
cibus  tridentatis,  lacinia
sum ma tiidentata.   Sp.
pl. 1. p. 131.
   Mich. 1 p. 15.
   Clayt, p. 5. No. 272.
  Leaves ovate, irregularly dentate, acuminate at the summit, abrupt-
ly narrowed at base, very pubescent.  (Spike naked, whorls remote,
calyx downy, 3 cleft, segments short.   Mich.)
  Grows in the upper districts of Georgia and Carolina.  Verv com-
mon.                                                ^
  Flowers-                             Nettle-leaved Sage.
   4. COCCINEA*
   S. foliis cordatis, acutis,
tomentosis,  serratis; co-
   Leaves cordate,  acute,
tomentose,  serrate;   co- 
DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.              33
rolla twice as long as the
calyx, and narrower.
rOllis calyce  duplo longi-
oribus, angustioribus.  Sp.
pl. l. p. 141.

   Mich. l.p. 15.
 ^ Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, erect, much branched, 1—2 feet
high.  Leaves sometimes obtuse at base, hairy underneath, on petioles
2—3 inches long.  Flowers in 6 flowered whorls, in reality composed
of 2 opposite, 3 flowered peduncles.  Segments of the  calyx acute,
the upper one a little reflexed.  Corolla bright scarlet; the upper lip
erect, short,  emarginate; the lower lip larger, 3 lobed; the middle
lobe larger, 2 cleft.  Transverse filament scarlet, bearing an anther
only at one extremity.
  Grows on the southern islands of Georgia.  In the streets of Beau-
fort, common.
  Flowers through the whole summer.              Scarlet Sage*
   5. Azurea.   La Marck.
 '  S. foliis  longo-lineari-
bus, lsevibus; calyce  pu-
bente,  brevissime trifido.
   Leaves  long,  linear,
smooth ;   calyx  pubes-
cent,  3  cleft,  segments
very short.
   La Marck, Encyc. 6. p. 625.
   S. angustifola, Mich. l.p. 15.
   S. ccelestina ? Bartram.
   S. acuminata, Muhl. Cat.
   S. Mexicana ? Walt. p. 6*5.
  Root perennial.   Stem 6 feet high, much branched.  Upper leave*
linear, very entire; (lower leaves lanceolate, serrate.  Mich.)  Flow-
ers large, azure, very beautiful.   (Teeth of the calyx rounded, upper
one nearly entire.  Mich.)
  I have never seen this plant  growing.  I have  received, however,
many specimens of it, and in them the leaves have  been invariably li-
near, entire, smooth, not at all acuminate.
  Since writing the above I have been informed by Dr. Baldwin that
this species varies with the corolla blue, and white, with the lower
leaves, and sometimes all the leaves, lanceolate, pubescent.  This last
variety I had found on Hilton Heal, and in Catham county, Georgia,
and considered it as a distinct species.
  Grows in the upper country ot Georgia and Carolina.  Mr. Lyon.
  Flowers through the summer.             Narrow leaved Sage.
   6. Orovata.   E.
   S.   foliis   majusculis,
©bovatis, dentatis, pubes-
   Leaves  large, obovate,
toothed, pubescent j flow.
e 
34
DIANDRIA  M0N0GYNIA.
 centibus ; floribus in ver-  I ers  in 6 flowered whorls.

 ticillis 6-floris.   E.        J
  Stem 18 inches high, slightly angled.  Leaves  6i inches long, 4$
 wide, the upper pair approximate as if in  a whorl.
  Grows near  the Oakmulgee river, Georgia.* From the specimens
 of Mr. Lyon.
  Flowers June—July.                    Downy-leaved Sage.
  Mr. John Lvon, an indefatigable and ingenious botanist, passed the
 summer  of 1803  in the territory  of the Creeks, and in the western
parts of Georgia.  In the following winter he had the kindness to
leave his specimens in my hands for two or three months, for exami-
nation, while he  made an excursion into  Florida.   From that collec-
tion I described  many plants, and shall  introduce a few of them in
the course of this work.  I must however remark, that the specimens
were not in very good order; that  they were  generally solitary,
so that  I could  not  dissect them ; and that my knowledge of the
plants of this country was at that time very limited.
COLLINSONIA.  Gen. pl. 51.
   Corolla insequalis ; la-
bio   inferiore   multifido,
capillari.  Stamina 2—4.
Semina 4,   3 plerumque
abortientia.
   1.  Canadensis.
   C.  foliis   lato-cordato-
ovatis,  glabris;   calycis
dentibus brevi-subulatis;
panicula terminali  com-
posita.   Pursh, 1.  p. so.
   Corolla unequal; low-
er  lip  many  cleft,  seg-
ments   capillary.    Sta-
mens  2—4.   Seed  4, 3
generally abortive.

   Leaves broad, cordate-
ovate, glabrous ; teeth of
the calyx short,  subulate;
the    panicle    terminal,
compound.
   Sp.pl. 1. p. 152.  Mich. 1. p. 17.

  (Leaves large, cordate-ovate, Mich.)  Leaves very obtuse at base
rather than cordate, toothed, acuminate.  Flowers large  yellow
Varies, according to the observations of Pursh ;          ' J
  a.  With leaves cordate, the upper ones very entire.
  h.  With leaves ovate, tapering at base, all serrate."
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina, Dr.  Macbride.
  Flowers September.                   Canadian Collinsonia. 
DIANDRIA M0N0GVNIA.               35
   Leaves   small,  ovate,
slightly cordate and hairy;
teeth of  the  calyx short,
subulate;  panicle termi-
nal, simple;  stem hairy,
rough.
   2.  Scaera.
   C. foliis minoribus ova-
tis,  subcordatis, pilosius-
culis  ;   calycis  dentibus
brevi-subulatis ;  panicu-
la terminali simpliciuscu-
la ;  caule  piloso, scabro.
Pursh,  l. p. So.
    Sp. pl. 1. p. 152.
    C. prsecox, Walt. p. 65.
    C. purpurea, Oemier.

  Root perennial,  Stem  herbaceous, 2—5 feet high, square, furrow-
ed, glabrous near the root, above pubescent, with g.andular capitate
hair.  Leaves opposite, very obtuse, sometimes a little cordate, slight-
ly acuminate, rugose; slightly scabrous on the upper surface; smooth
and dotted on the under ; 2-:-2£ inches  long, 1—2 broad ; petioles
nearly an injch long. Flowers in simple, terminal,  naked racemes.
Calyx pubescent, persistent, the border 4 cleft, half as long as the
tube ; segments lanceolate,  the 2 upper ones broadest.  Corolla, the
tube  cylindrical, pubescent, yellowish; the upper lip 3? cleft, seg-
ments obtuse, equal, yellowish, spotted with purple; the lower  lip
longer, dilated, fimbriate,  purple.  Filaments 2, much longer than t .e
corolla.  Anthers incumbent, 2 lobed, purple.  Germs 4 ? fixed in  a
torus, and furnished with an ovate gland on one side.  Style filiform,
as  long as the stamens,  2 cleft.  Stigma simple, acute, sometimes
unequal.  Seeds oval, glabrous, angled on one  side.
   Grows near Savannah.   Found by  Mr. Oemier, and cultivated by
him as a new species.  Resembles too nearly the C. scabriuscula of
the Hort. Kew. to be separated from it.  St. John's,  Dr. Macbride.
   Flowers September—November.       Rough-leaved Coltinsouia.
   3. Ova lis.   Pursh.
   C. foliis oblongo-ovali-
bus,  utrinque  subacutis,
glabris;  petiolis  longissi-
mis ;    calycis   dentibus
brevissimis  ;     panicula
terminali,   simplici, nu-
diuscula;   caule glabro.
Pursh, l. p. si.
  Flowers very small, yellow.
  Found in Carolina  by Mr. Fraser.
  Flowers August.
     Leaves  oblong-oval,"
acute at  each   end,  gla-
brous ; petioles very Ion v,
teeth  of  the calyx  very
short;  panicle terminal,
simple, naked ; stem  gla-
brous. 
36
DIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
   4. Tuberosa.  Mich.
   C.  foliis  subrhombei-
ovalibus, utrinque acutis,
glabris;  calycis dentibus
setaceis,tubo longioribus;
panicula composita, folio-
sa;   caule  ramoso, sub-
villoso.   Pursh, 1. p. 21.
 Leaves somewhat rhom-
boid-oval,  acute  at  each
end,  glabrous;  teeth  of
the calyx setaceous, long-
er than the tube ; panicle
compound,  leafy;  stem
branching,     somewhat
hairy.
   Mich. 1. p. 17.
   C. serotina,  Walt. p. 65.
  Stem 3—4 feet high.  Leaves large, rhomboidal or oval, with large
and somewhat hooked serratures, thinly sprinkled witb hair, on long
footsalks, excepting the upper pair, which, as described by Walter,
are ovate, nearly heart-shaped and sessile.
  Grows in the middle and upper country of Carolina, in fertile soils*
  Flowers September.
   5. Punctata.
   C.  foliis  ovato-lanceo-
latis, acuminatis, basi acu-
tis,  subtus pubescentibus
punctatisque ;   panicula
composita.   E.
   Leaves   ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminate, acute at
base,  pubescent  under-
neath, and dotted ;  pani-
cle compound.
  Root tuberous, perennial.  Stem herbaceous, erect, 2—6 feet high,
scabrous, pubescent, branched  near the summit.   Leaves opposite,
large, dentate, scabrous, pubescent on the upper surface, almost to-
mentose on the lower, acute, sometimes acuminate  at each end ; up-
per pair ovate, nearly sessile.   Flowers in paniculate racemes.  P*5-
unces,calyx, corolla, and under surface ot the leaves sprinkled with
resinous atoms.  Upper lip of the calyx 3  cleft; the lower lip longer,
2 cleft, se-ments all acute.   Corolla yellowish, pubescent withSut
hairy within; the upper segments equal, short, obtuse; the lower one
longer, fimbriate.  Filaments 4; the 2 upper ones short, capitate, ste-
rile ; the 2 lower filiform, twice as long as the corolla.  Anthers ob-
long, furrowed.  Seeds globose, shining; 1 or 2 coming to maturity
  Grows in rich loose soils.  Frequent.                »"<nuruy.
  Flowers September—October.


   6. Verticillata.   Baldwin.

  C. foliis verticillatis,oval- i    Leaves verticillate  oval
ibus, acuminatis.  B.      | and  acuminate.      ' 
DIANDRIA DIGYNL*.             37
  Stem  simple, herbaceous, erect, commonly about one foot high.
Flowers in a terminal verticillate raceme.  B.
  Var. b.purpurascens; with flowers of a purplish colour,and panicle
short
  Var. a. grows near Milledgeville, between the Oconee and Oak-
mulgee rivers, Georgia j*var. b. near Crooked river bridge,  Camden
county, Georgia.
  Flowers May.               Verticillate-leaved Collinsonia.
  7.  Anisata.  Sims.
  C.  foliis  ovatis, corda-
tis,  rugosis, glabriusculis,
nervis subtus pubescenti-
bus ;  calycis dentibus  li-
nearibus,  tubum  subse-
quantibus; panicula com-
posita,   foliosa,   pubes-
cente; ijoribus tetrandris;
caule   ramoso,   pubes-
cente.   Pursh, l.  p. 21.
  Bot. Mag. No. 1213.
  Leaves ovate, cordate,
rugose, glabrous, with the
nerves underneath pubes-
cent ; teeth of the calyx
linear, nearly as long  as
the tube; panicle com*
pound,  leafy, pubescent;
flowers tetrandrous; stem
branching, pubescent*
Flowers large, pale yellow.
Found in the mountains of Georgia, by Mr. Lyon.
Flowers July—September.
Anise-scented Collinsonia.
wv vwwv www www vwvw WW
BUKDRIA DIGFMA.
WWW WWW WWW
ANTHOXANTHUM.  Gen. pl. 58.
   Calyx, gluma bivalvis,
uniflora.   Corolla, gluma
bivalvis, aristata.  Semen
1.
   1.  OoORATUxM.
   A.  spica  oblonga, ova-
ta;  flosculis sub-pedun-
culatis, arista longioribus.
Sp. pl.  1. p. 156.
  Mich, 1. p. 39.
   Calyx, glume 2 valved,
one flowered.   Corolla,
glume 2 valved,  awned.
Seed 1.

   Spike  oblong, ovate ;
flowers on  short pedun-
cles, longer than the awn. 
38                DIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
  Root fibrous, perennial.  Stem  erect, assurgent, 1 foot high,, a.it
tie scabrous near the summit.  Leaves linear, acute, sligl«0 '".    ,
ed, flat, hairy, a little scabrous at base, ending in a rf™**^™
shorter than the joints, hairy  at the throat,   stipule ™C^™J™W
glabrous, ovate,  2-3 lines long.  Flowers m an  appressed terminal
panicle, crowded, resembling a cylindrical spike,  Calyx, exter or
valve ovate, acute,  membranaceous, the midrib green, hany, trie in-
terior valve similar, but twice as long, obscurely 3  nerved.  Lorolla,
valves equal, shorter than the outer valve of the calyx, truncate,  vil-
lous ; with an awn at the base of each valve ; awn of the outer valve
as long as the calyx, a little geniculate in the middle ; awn at the mner
straight and as long as the valve itself.  Filaments 2, longer than the
calyx, capillary, expanding through the sides of the glumes.  Anthers
2 lobed, emarginate at each end, white.  Germ lanceolate,  acute.
Styles 2, filiform, longer than the corolla.  Stigmas leathered, white.
Seed one, oblong.
  Probably imported, now common.   Found 3 miles from Savannah,
©n the Orechee road, and nca. Charleston.
  Flowers May—June.
ERIANTHUS.   Mich. 1. p. 54.
   Calyx bivalvis,  subse-
qualis,  basi  villosissima.
Corolla  bivalvis, inaequa-
lis, gluma interiore juxta
apicem  longissime  aris-
tata.

   1.  Alopecurotdes.
   E.  villis   involucranti-
bus calyce multo  longio-
ribus; aristis rectis.   E.
    Calyx  2   valved,  the
 valves nearly  equal, very
 villous at base.   Corolla
 2  valved,  unequal,  the
 inner  glume   bearing  a
 very   long  awn near  its
 summit.

|    Hair like  involucrum,
| much  longer  than   the
 calyx;  awns straight.
   E. Saccharides, Mich. 1. p. 55.
   Anthoxanthum giganteum, Walt. p.
   Andropogon alopecuroides, Sp. pl. 4. p. 911.
   Saccharum giganteum, Pursh, 1. p. 73.

  Root fibrous, perennial, forming large tufts.  Stem herbaceous  erect
6—10 feet high, a little scabrous, near the panicle very villous. Leaves
2—3 feet long, 6—8 lines wide, acute, scarcely channelled' striate
serrulate, scabrous on the upper surface, hairy on the under at base
terminating in a scabrous sheath shorter than the joints, very villous
at the throat.  Stipue membranaceous, ciliate.  Flowers in a crowd-
ed, very villous panicle; 2—3  spikelets from each bud or eye- ulti- 
DIANDRIA D1GYNIA.               30
mate buds two flowered, 1 sitting, 1 pedunculate, both androgynous.
Calyx, exterior valve lanceolate, slightly acuminate, the back flatten-
ed, the angles near the summit serrulate, summit bifid ; interior valve
shorter, compressed, very acute, the back serrulate,  the hair  at the
base about twice as long as the calyx.   Corolla unequal, shorter than
the calyx, tinged with purple; the exterior valve larger, very acute,
membranaceous ; the interior much smaller, the point terminating in a
scabrous  awn 4—6 times as long as the calyx.  Filaments 2,  longer
than  the calyx, capillary.  Jnthers bright yellow,   Germ oblong.
Styles 2, shorter than the calyx.   Stigmas feathered,purple.
  Grows in wet ground and in shallow  stagnant water.
  Flowers September—October.              Fox-tail Erianthus.


   2.  Brevirarris.   Mich.
   E.  panicula sub-paten- j     Panicle rather spread-
te;  villis  involucrantibus [ ing; hair like involucrum
calyce  brevioribus;  aris- | shorter  than  the  calyx;
tis rectis.   E.               j awns straight.
   Mich. 1. p. 55.
   Saccharum brevibarbe,  Pursh, 1. p. 73.
  Stem 3—5 feet high, near the panicle scabrous and a little hairy,
upper joints bearded.   Leaves lanceolate, 1—14 feet  long, 3—5 lines
broad, somewhat scabrous, hairy at base; sheath shorter than the joints,
glabrous, the throat contracted,  hairy.   Stipule membranaceous, la-
cerate.  Flowers in  a crowded appressed panicle, 1—2 spikelets
from each bud.  Calyx, valves nearly equal, hairy along the margins,
nerved, dark purple, the nerves frequently spinous.  Corolla,  valves
purplish,  edges of the valves hairy; the interior valve terminating in
a scabrous awn 2 or 3 times as long as the calyx.  Anthers purple.
Stigmas feathered purple.
  Grows in dry and damp ground (not inundated) indiscriminately.
  Flowers September—October.         Short bearded Erianthus.
  Dr. Baldwin remarks that the nectary in this genus is composed
of two very small, oblong, bidentate scales, with a fine bristle between
the teeth, situated at the base of the germ,  and connected by a thin
membranous valvule;  valvules  lanceolate, twice the length  of the
nectaries.


   3. Strictus.   Baldwin.
   E.  involucro  brevissi- |    Involucrum very short
mo vel 0; panicula arete | or  0; panicle closely ap-
appressa,  ramulis  re mo- | pressed,  the branches  re-
us ;   pedunculis   bifloi is; j mote  ;    peduncles   two
aristis rectis, calyce duplo j flowered; awns   straight,
longioribus.  B.            | twice as long as the calyx. 
45                DIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
  Stem 4—6 feet high, with the joints all smooth.  Leaves very long,
scabrous along the edges.  Panicle from one to Wr two feet in length.
Spikes scattered, very closely appressed;  spikelets uniformly 2 flow-
ered.   Involucrum composed of a few scattered hairs about one third
the length of the calyx, sometimes entirely wanting.  Nerves ol the
calyx spinous.   Anthers, stigmas, nectaries and their appendage pur-
ple.  B.
  Grows near Savannah.                               .
  Flowers August—September.        Close-panicled Erianthus.',
   4.  Contortus.
   E. villi's involucrantibus
calycemaequantibus; val-
va interiore corollse auri-
culata;   arista  spiraliter
contorta.   Baldwin.
   Hairy  involucrum  as
long as  the calyx;  interi-
or  valve  of the  corolla
auriculated;  awn  spiral-
ly contorted.
  Stem erect, terete, somewhat scabrous near the summit, bearded at the
joints. Leaves long, linear lanceolate, scabrous along the margins, beard-
ed at the throat. Panicle closely appressed. Flowers 2 at each joint or
bud of the branches, one sessile, the other on a pedicel.  Valves of the
calyx nearly equal; the exterior  acute; the interior a little shorter,
slightly 2  cleft; both  serrulate and having a few long hairs scattered
along the margin.  Exterior valve of the corolla membranous,  acute,
shorter than the calyx; the interior still shorter, awned;  the  awn is
composed by the junction  of the  two lateral nerves of the valve, in
this species, they meet just above the middle of the valve, leaving the
summit deeply two cleft; awn  spiral and  contorted near its base.
Seed oblong, slightly obovate.
  This species was first brought to my view by specimens sent me
from Savannah by Dr. Baldwin;  I have since found it on Charleston
Neck growing  in damp soils.
  Flowers October.                     Spiral-awhed Erianthus.

  The three last  species were certainly united in the E. brevibarbi*
of Michaux, they appear, however, to be sufficiently distinct. 
TRIANDRIA M0N0GYN1A.
41
CLASS IIP*
94-47
  MONOGYNTA.

P.OERH \AVIA.
FKUl \
TRIPTERELLA.
TXIA.
IIUS.
LACHN\NTHES.
COMMELINA.
SYEN V
S IIPULICIDA.
XYKIS.
FUIRENA.
kyllingia.
schoenus.
khyn<;hospora.
CYPERUS
DULICHIUM.
MA UI«CUS.
SCIRPU5.  *
DICHRHOMENA.
TRICIIOPKORUM.
EK'OPHORUM.
CENCI'RUS.
SPUtriN\.
ARUNDINARIA.
TRIANDRIA.






      .--  57
   ■'y ///-s58
 "    '/y—59.




   //fe-64

     /Si-66
     ./Mp-67.
/
        TiTGYYTA
9#-48 MUHLEXitKRGIA.
ffU-49 TRIO ODIUM.
f**-£Q LEERSIA
/♦/-■SI. PHALARIS.
AULAXANTHUS.
MILIUM.
PASPALUM.
CF.RESIA.
PHLEUVI.
ALOi'ECURUS.
PANICUM.
DKilTARIA.
AGROsTIS.
STIPA.
ARISTIDA.
ANDROPOGON.
AIR A
MELICA.
DACTYLIS.
POX.
BUIZA.
UNIOH.
FESTUUA.
BROM US.
AVENA.
ILEl.'SlNE.
MONOCKRA.
CHLORIS.
ROTT'SOELUA.
ELYMUS.
         TRIGYYTA.
yfiWf-*%. FROSERPINXCA.
  /f?Hr9. POLYCARPON.
  /fZ SO MOLLUNO.
 „___ 81. LEUHEA.
BOERHAAVIA.  Gen. pl. 13.
24
   Calyx margo  integer-
rim us.   Corolla l-petala,
campariulata, plicata.  Se-
men i, nudum, inferum.
   1.  EltECTA.
   B.  cuule tereti, tricho-
tomo, inferne subscabro,
superne glabro ;  floribus,
corymboso paniculatis.

   Sp. pl. 1.p. 19. Pursh, l.p. 31,
                         F
   Calyx a margin, entire.
Corolla  l  petalled, cam-
panulate,  plaited.   Seed
one, naked, below.

   Stem columnar, tricho-
tomous,  roughened  he-
low,smO!©th above; flow-
ers in  corymbose pani-
cles. 
43              TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
   Root annual.  Stem jointed, when mature scarcely viscid.  teave&
 opposite, ovate, sometimes cordate, undulate, the upper surface oi tne
 veins and margins purple, beneath a little glaucous ; peduncles very
 short, smooth.  Calyx a minute glandular ring, surrounding .the base
 of the corolla, scarcely  visible.  Corolla seated on the summit ot the
 germ, white, tinged with purple.  Filammts generally % sometimes
 3 or more, longer than the corolla, attached to its base.  Anthersbilo-
 cular.  Germ inferior, clavate.  Style as long as the corolla.  Stigrn^
 capitate.   Capsule ?  inversely conic, 5 furrowed.  Seed one, oblong^
 bipartible, covered with a furrowed integument, which adheres to the
 capsule at each extremity.
   Grows  in dry and sandy soils. v Around Beaufort, common.  Pert
 haps imported, now completely naturalized.                    ^
   Flowers June—September,. \ 4
                           •"- \


                    FEDlAJ' Cert.

  Calyx su\)erus,s—5 den- I    Calyx  superior, 3—-5
 tatus.   Corolla 5-partita,  toothed.   Corolla 5 part*
regularis  et   irregularis*   ed, regular and  irregular,
Nux f 2—3 loculai is.   *' •. Fruit a nut \  2—3 celled,
   1' RvDIATA.         $ r%
   F.  caule  dichotomy;
foliis  oblongis,   obtusisj
    Stem   dichotomous $
leaves  oblong,  obtuse ;
capitulis i ivolucratis.  Sp.   flowers in heads  with  an

pl. l. p. 184.               | involucrum at the base;
   Mich. 1. p. 18.  Pursh, l.p  28.
   Valeriana locusta,  Walt. p. 66.
            0
  Root annual.  Stem erect and  ascending, columnar,  pubescent,
nearly 1 toot  high.  Leaves opposite, sessile, entire, oblong, a little
spathulate.  Flowers  in  terminal heads.  (Fruit pubescent, some-
what 4 angled, naked at the summit, Mich.).
  Grows  in St.  Stephens—Dr.  Macbride.  At Mr. Middleton's  at
Ashley river.  Common at the Coweta towns, on  the Chatahouchie,
*Jr. rSalQwin.                                               *
  Flowers February—March.
   *           TRIPTERELLA.   Mich.

   Corolla sexpartita,  la: |    Corolla six parted the
ciniis  aMernis minoribus, j alternate segments small 
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.              43
conniventibus.    Qapsula
3-angularis, 3 locularis.
   1.  Capitatx.   Mich.
   T. floribus in capitulo
terminali;  genuine an-
gulis subaptero.  E.
   Mich. 1. p. 19. Pursh, 1. p. 28.
   Anon, capitat.  Walt. p. 69.                    9
  Root fibrous, annual ? Stem erect, setaceous, 6—8 inches high, gla-
brous.  Leaves alternate, subulate,  very minute.  Corolla white, di-
lated at base, clothing and adhering  to the capsule.
  Grows in damp soils in  the middle districts of South-Carolina.  Dr.
Macbride—Mr. Hcrbemont.
  Flowers September.              Cluster-flowered Tripterella.
connivent.  Capsule 3 an-
gled,  3 celled.

   Flowers in  a terminal
head ; angles of the germ
scarcely winged.
   2.  C03RULEA.
    T.   floribus    paucis
(2—5) in  racemo termi-
nali ;   germine   angulis
alato.
   Flowers few, in a ter-
minal raceme; angles of
the germ distinctly wing*
ed.
    Burmania biflora, Sp. pl. 2. p. 16.  Purqh, 1. p. 217.
    Clayton, 49. No. 248.

   Root fibrous, annual ? Stem herbaceous, erect, setaceous, 2—4 inches
 high.  Leaves minute, subulate.   Bracteas ? 2, unequal, small, lance-
 olate, concave, the lower one longer. Calyx 0. Corolla one petalled, 6
 parted,hright azure; base clothing the germ; tube contracted; bor-
 der six parted ; 3 segmeuts apparently exterior, large, acute, erect, co-
 riaceous in the centre, membranaceous along the margin; the 3 smal-
 ler segments linear, coriaceous, inflgyed, connivent. Filaments 3, very
 short, thick, inserted into the tube of the corolla.  Anthers 2 lobed,
 yellow. Germ inferior? oblong, 3 sided,angles prominently winged ;
 wings  and germ azure.  Style filiform, rather thick, as long as the
 stamens, 5 cleft.   Stigmas  3, globose, apparently cleft on the sides.
 Capsule 3  celled, 3 valved, winged., Seeds jnmy in each cell, oval,
 attached to a central receptacle.
  Grows ii wet ground'among Sphagnum palustre, &c. near Savan-
 nah, Mr. Oemier ;  also 1 mile from Bee's Creek,  along the  road to
 Purysburgh.  *
  Flowers October—November.                Blue Tripterella.
  I have no hesitation in referring to this plant the Burmannia biflora
of Linneeus.  The description of Clayton applies minutely.   The '*S
segments from the side of the pericarp resembling'the featnered,*if an
arrow," agrjee*vith the dilated, f ough not actually featherd wings of
the capsule. The size, the habitat, the time of flowering, all accord.  I'
should, therefore, at once have  placed the genus  Burmannia here; 
44
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNlA.
but as this name appropriately belongs  to the B. disticha, we  must
wait until that species can be again examined.  I suspect that the J in-
flexed segments of the  corolla of this plant, have in a hasty examina-
tion been considered as 3 filattents, and the genus incorrectly relerrei
to Hexandria.
IXIA.
   Corolla «6-parti fa,  pa-
tens, aequatis, tubo recto.
.   Corolla  6 parted, ex-
panding, equal,  with the
tube straight.
  Leaves linear, subulate,
many times shorter than
the one flowered scape.
   1. CcELESTINA.
   I  foliis  lineari-subula-
tis, scapo unifioro multi-
toties  brevioribus.    Sp.
pl. 1. p. 200.
   Pursh, 1. p. 29.  Bartram's Travels,, p. 152.
  This plant found by Mr. Bartram around the savannahs of Florida
and Georgia, has not been lately seen.  No doubt hower can  be en-
tertained of its existence, although its station may not be accurately
known.                                •
Flowers April—May.
IRIS.   Gen. pl. 97.
   Corolla (5-partita,  laci-
niis    alternis    reflexis.
Stigmata  petaliformia.

   1.  Cristata.
   I.  barbata,  barba  cris-
tata ;  scapo subunifloro,
longitudine foliorum; ger-
minibus trigonis;  petalis
subiequalibus.   Sp. pl.  1.
p. 2*5.
   Corolla  6  parted, al-
ternate  segments  reflex-
ed.   Stigmas resembling
 Setals.

   Bearded, beard  cresk-,
ed ; scape generally one
flowered, as long  as  the
leaves ; germs  3 angled;
petals neaily equal.
   Mich. 1. p. 22.  .Pu/sh,  1. p.&9.
  ' I. verna,  Walt<p. Q7.
  (toot creeping.  I Stem compressed, 2-4 inches high, clothed at
base  with ensiform leaves.  Exterior petals  oblong- iu...   ♦•
paleblue,yellow in the middle, Wlth  tLee lon^i^^^
«-e*to, instead of a beard ;  interior petacs a little narrowir" eatSS, 
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNU.              45
ous;   germs  somewhat
three  angled ;   stigmas
2 toothed at base.
blue.  Filaments and Anthers pale yellow.  Stigmas rale blue, shorter
than the petals.  Aiton, Ifort. Kew. 1st ed. 1. p. 70.)
  Grows in the dry pine barrens of the middle country; very com-
mon about Columbia.
  Flowers February—Marph:                     Crested Iris.

   2.  Versicolor.
   I.  foliis  ensiformibus )\       Leaves    ensiform
scapo  tereti   flexuoso : Escape  columnar,  flexu
germinibus  subtrigonis ;
stigmatibus basi bidenta-
tis.   Sp. pl. 1. p 233.
    Walt. p. 67.  Pursh, 1. p. 29.
  Root  thick, creeping.   Stem, 3 feet "high, flexuous  at  base, fre-
quently straight towards the summit, sometimes branched, rather
taller than the leaves.  Flowers 2—4 in a terminal raceme.  Corolla
with the segments all spathulate ; exterior segments wider than the
stigmas, yellow, variegated with purple, pubescent on the  interior
surface, unbearded;  border  oval, obtuse,  blue;  interior segments
similar  but smaller, with paler colours, and shorter than the stigmas.
Filaments inserted into the tube of the corolla.  Anthers yellow, li-
near, two celled, the cells  attached to the sides of the contracted fila-
ment.  Germ with the angfes obtuse, obscurely furrowed.  Style short,
triangular.  Stigmas strap-shaped, 2 toojhed near the base.  Cap-
sule •btusely  3 angled, ventricose, 3 celleoV
  ,Gr .ws in ponds and along fresh water streams ;• very common.
  Flowers April—May                        Variegated Iris.
  The root of this species of Iris is astringent to the taste, and when
given in the form of a decoction is decidedly diuretic.   It enters into
the composition of a very successful remedy for dropsy.  A decoction
is prepared of it and the root of the Eryngium yucc/ifolium in the pro-
portion of three-fourths of the former to one-fourth of the latter, and
given to adults in the quantityof a pint in  twelve hours.  It is usual
to persevere in the use  of this remedy while any swelling remains,
and to diminish or increase the doses according to the effect produced
on  the urinarv discharge, which is generally very considerable.  This
preparation seldom or never disturbs<the bowels^as might be supposed
from the reputed  charactef of this fta >• as  a cathartic ; but when the
proportion of the Eryngium is too-great, it  vomits.

    3. Thipetala.   Walt.
    1.  foliis  ensiformibus;
caule tereti,foliislongiore;
rudimentis petiilprum in-
teriorum triderrtfttis.
•
Walt. p. 66.
I. tridentata, Pursh, l.p. 80.
   Leaves ensiform; stem,
columnar, longer than the
leaves : frudiments of the
interior peials 3 tooted. 
46             TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
  Root creeping.  Stem slender, 2 feet high.  Lea ves shorter than the
stem, linear-ensiform.  Flowers solitary.  Exterior  segments ol the
corolla large, twice as long as the stigmas, nearly acute, unbearded;
interi r scarcely longer than the style, 3 toothed; the 2 exterior teeth
obtuse; the  middle one longer, acute.  Stigmas 2  toothed near the
base.  Capsule nearly cylindrical, obscurely 3 angled, very acuminate.
  From specimens sent by Dr. Macbride.
  Grows in the ponds of St. Johns and St. Stephens; it appears circum-
scribed in its habitat, as I have heard of it in no other part ot the coun-
try, and it was unknown to Dr. Muhlenberg except  by Walter's de-
scription when I sent him specimens.  As the I. tnpetala of Ihun-
berg has.been removed to the genus Morsea, I  have retained Walter's
naoie.
  Flowers April—May.                    Three-petfdleilris,
   4.  Hexagona.   Walt.
   1. caule tereti, flexuosa;
germinibus  trigonis,  an-
gulis  profunde  sulcatis;
stigmatibus   basi attenu-
atis.   E.
   Stem columnar, flexu-
ous ; germs 3 angled; an-
gles   deeply  furrowed ;
stigmas tapering at base.
 Walt. p. 66.
 I. Virginica, Mich. 1. p. 22.  Pursh, 1. p. 29.

Stem flexuous,  columnar, shorter  than  the  1
  Stem flexuous, columnar,  shorter than the leaves, 2 feet  higli.
Leaves ensiform.  Flowers solitary.  Exterior segments of the corolla
large, spathulate, with the summits flearly rounded, crenulate, reflex-
ed, bright azure," variegated at base with purple and white ; the inte-
rior erect, a little spathulate, oval, pale azure,  a  little variegated at
base ; a line of yellow glandulai hair runs along the claw and base of
the exterior segments.  Anthers linear, attached to the margin of the
dilated filament, yellow, the filament between  them white.   Stigmas
tapering at base.  Capsule six angled,'ventricose.
  Grows in the river swamp at Ogechee, intermingled with the I. ver-
sicolor: but rare in sandy ponds where the latter abounds.  This is
the most ornamental of our species of Iris.       Six-anHed Iri6.
   5. Ccpre\.   Pursh.
   I. caule hinc angulato;
stigmatibus corolla duplo
brevioribus,  versus   ba-
sin dilatatis ;  germinibus
hexagonis.   E.
I. fulva, MubJ. Cat.
Pursh, l.p. 30. *
   Stem  angled  on one
side ;  stigmas  twice  as
short  as, the  corolla,  di-
lated  near   their  base •
germ G angled. 
TRIANDRIA  M0N0GYNIA.              4?
  Stem 3 feet high, flexuous, the lower joints angled on one side.
Leaves ensiform, margins very entire.  Flo.ers 6—10. axillary, 2
frequently iu each axil.   Corolla tawny; the exterior segments obo-
vate, emarginate ;  the interior smaller.  Germ six angled.  Stigmas
diated near the base, somewhat toothed ; the margin membranaceous,
tapering at base.   Capsule acutely six angled, ventricose.
  Grows in the marshes of the Alatamaha—Mr. Le Conte.
  Flowers April—Mayf        ,'^                  Tawny Iris,
LACHNANTHES.   E.
   Corolla  supera, limbo
sexpartito, * laciniis  inae-
qualibus.   Stigma minu-
tissimetrifidum.   Capsu-
la   3-locularis,  truncata,
poly sperm a.
   1. TlNCTORIA.
   Corolla superior, border
6  parted,  segments une-
qual.   Stigma  minutely
3  lobed.   Capsule 3 cell-
ed, truncated, many seed"
ed.
   Anon, tinctor. Walt. p. 68.
   Heritiera Gmelini, Mich.  1. p. 21—^24,
   Dilatris Heritiera,  Persoon, 1. p. 54.   ^
   Dilatris tinctoria, Pursh, 1. p. 80.

  Root fibrous, perennial.  Stem erect, simple, herbaceous, 2 feet high,
columnar, becoming hairy towards the summit.  Leaves alterna e, en-
siform, shorter than the stem.  Flowers in a corymbose panicle.  Ca-
lyx 0.   Corolla 1 petalled; tube short;  3 segments smaller, linear; 3
lanceolate; corolla tomentose without, dilating over the germ, cloth-
ing it, and forming its outer integument.  Filaments 3, equal, fili-
form, longer than the* corolla, and inserted into  its tube'.  Anthers
linear.  Germ globose.  Style filiform, declining, as long as the stam-
ens.   Stigma (small, Walt.) (minutely 3 lobed, .Vlich.)  Capsule  glo-
bose, 3 valved, bursting at the sides,  Seerfs 6—7 in each cell,  round,
compressed, attached to a central receptacle.

  I have used the minute descriptions ef Walter & Michaux compar-
ing them with excellent specimens.  I have not seen the plant alive.
  This plant cannot be referred to the genus Dilatris, its monopetal-
ous corolla, equal filaments, and many seeded cells forbid; and Grae-
lins generic name of Heritiera is now applied to  another plant.  It
bears a great affinity to the Conostylis Americana of Pursh and may
at some future period be associated with it.   '
  Grows in ponds and savannahs of the pine barrens.
  Flowers July—August.                Yellow-rooted Trichoma. 
4*
TRIANDRTA MONOGYNIA.
COMMELINA.   Gen. pl.  86.
    Corolla   6   petalled.
Nectaries 3,  cross  shap-
ed, inserted on their own
filaments.
   *  Two petalled;  2 pe-
tals  being   conspicuously
larger.

  Corolla unequal; leaves
ovate lanceolate,  acute;
stem creeping, glabrous.
   Corolla 6-petala.  JVec-
tnria 3, cruciata, lilamen-
tis propriis inserta.


   *  Dipetaloe;  obduope-

tala  majora.


   I.  Communis.
   C. corollis inaiqualibus;
f liis   ovato-lanceolatis,

a.vutis;   caule   repente.
Sp.  pl.  I. p. 249.

   Pursh, 1. p. 32.
   C. caroliniana ? Walt. p. 68,

  Root fibrous,  annual.  Stem prostrate, creeping, jointed, round,
striated, smooth, much branched.  Leave* alternate, smooth,obscifre-
Iv 7 nerved, the margin,cartilaginous, finely  serrulate, terminating in
a" sfiort opea^c^aate sheath.  Flowers 1—8 on solitary peduncles op-
 Eussite the leaves.  Bracteas cordate, slightly acuminate, nerved, gla-
 rous, ciliate particularly  near the base, compressed, not secreting a
fluid,  (as  in the C. erecta); each bractea having at its base a sterile,
erect  hairy pedicel.  Cay.v?  3 leaved persistent;  the anterior leaf
ovate  lanceolate; lateral leaves larger, ovate, obtuse.  Corolla small,
i petalled, light blue;  two lateral, spathulate,  rounded,'with long
claws, the third reniform.  Nectaries 4, irregularly cross  shaped,
yellow, on subulate, unequal, sky blue pedicels, shorter than the sta-
mens.  Filaments 2, subulate, sky blue, as long as the corolla, insert-
ed at  the base of the germ, slightly curved.  Anthers incumbent, ob-
lon-,  furrowed, sky blue.   Germ superior, ovate, obliquely 3 furrowed.
Style  filiform, sky blue, sh iter than the stamens.   Stigma capitate.
( apsule irregularly  3 sided, 3 celled, 3 valved ;. one 'cell frequently
abortive,   i^eeds 2 in each cell, oval, truncate at one end.
  Grows in swamps and wet ground.
  Flowers June—November.               Creeping Commelina.
   2. Erect A.   ,
  C. corollis imequalibus; I   Corolla unequal; leaves
foliis   6vato*-lanceolatis  ; | ovate  lanceolate '•  stem 
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
4il
erect, scabrous, very sim-r
ple-
caule erecto, scabro, sim-
plicissimo.   Sp. pl. l. p.
250.
   C. communis ? Walt. p. 68.
   C. angustifolia, Mich. 1. p. 24. Pursh, 1. p. 31.
  Root perennial, fibrous; fibres thick,fleshy.  Stem herbaceous, pro*
■cumbent ami erect, a little pubescent and scabrous, brandling near
the base.   Leaves narrow-lanceolate, 5 nerved, somewhat scabrouson
the upper surface, smooth on the under;  sheath  scabrous, ciliate.
Pedunc es generally 3 flowered, opposite the leaves.   Flowers approxi-
mate, enclosed before flowering in a bractea.  Bractea cordate, acu-
minate, compressed, scabrous, in the time of flowering filled with a
secreted  fluid.   Proper peduncles succulent,-round, as long as the
bractea, curved and concealed in the bractea when youns, extending
when  the flower is prepared to expand.  Calyx?  3  leaved;  leaves
oval, white, one smaller than the rest.   Corolla 3 petalled ;  2 larger,
unguiculate, cordate and round ; one very small.  Nectaries 4, on fila-
ments, blue at base, yellow near the summit; 3 as in the former spe-
cies ;  one larger, compressed, recurved, 2 cleft at base.  Filaments %.
Style  longer than the stamens.
  Grows  in dry sandy soils.
  Varies;
  a. in open grounds, procumbent, branching, glabrous.
  h. in shaded spots, erect, simple, scabrous.
Flowers May.
Narrow-.eaved Lommelina.
   3. Hirtella.   Vahl.
   C. foliis lanceolatis, pe-
tiolatis,  cauleque  erecto
pilosis, conduplicatis;  in-
involucris lateralibus, ter-
minalibusque   sessilibus.
Vahl. Enum.pl. 2. p. 166.
   Pursh, 1. p. 31.
  Stem long, branching.  Pursh. To this species Pursh refers the C«
longifolia of  Michaux.
  Grows in shaded, rocky situations,
  Flowers July.
   Leaves lanceolate, pe-
tiolate and with the erect
stem  hairy,  doubled;  in-
volucrums   lateral   and
terminal, sessile.
    ** TripetdUe; petalis
tribus majoribus.
   4.  Virginica.
   C.  corollis  subsequali-
bus :   foliis   lanceolatis,
           Hairy Commelina.

   **  Three  petalled;  3
petals being larger.

   Corolla nearly  equal;
leaves lanceolate, some*
G 
50
TRIANDRIA  M0N0GYNIA.
subpetiolatis,  ore  barba-
tis; caulibus erectis.    Sp.
pl.  1. p. 2  0.
what  petiolafc,  with  the
throat   bearded ;   stem
erect.
    Walt. p. 68.  Pursh, 1. p. 31.
    C. longifolia, Mich. 1. p. 22.

   Root perennial.   Stem herbaceous, generally erect, 2 feet high, stri-
 ate, columnar, slightly pubescent.  Leaves oblong, sometimes ovate-
 lanceolate, finely serrulate, scabrous on the upper surface, paler and
 smooth on the under,  sprinkled with a few hairs.  Sheath furrowed,
 rather smooth, the  margin and throat  ciliate, with a rufous beard.
 F'lowers clustered at the summit of the stem, sometimes axillary in the
 upper leaves.   Bractea served, scabrous; when  extended reniform,
 enclosing two pedicels, one fertile, the other sterile.  Calyx? 3 leav-
 ed ;  leaves membranaceous, ovate-lanceolate, the upper one very small.
 Corolla 3 petalled, petals nearly round, clawed, sky blue, the inferior
 one smaller.  Nectaries 3, ovate,  yellow,  emarginate at the summit,
 contracted and  2 cleft at base;  with 2 lateral  glands  on foot stalks,
 coloured, subulate, shorter than the filaments,  inserted into the upper
 side of the germ at its base.  Filaments 3, white, longer than the co-
 rolla, inserted  into  the  lower side of the germ at its base.  Anthers
 incumbent, furrowed, somewhat sagittate, yellow.   Style longer than
 the stamens.
   Grows in ditches and around ponds.
   Flowers August—October.                Virginian Commelim.


                 SYENA.  Gen. pl. 88.

   Calyx 3-phylIus.   Co-  \    Calyx  3  leaved.   Co-
 rolla 3-petala.    Anther®  I rolla  3 petalled.  Anthers
 oblongse.   Capsula l-val-  | oblong.    Capsule  l val-
 vis, 3 locularis.              | Ved, 3 celled.
   1.  Fluviati lis.

   Sp. pl. 1. p 254.   Pursh. 1. p.  32.
   Mayaca fluviatilis,  Aublet. 1. p. 42. t.  15.
   Mayaca Aubleti,  Mich. 1. p. 26.




ti,a, .:,e leave.  «£, persistent.   K^   .Sifas fclw'T'
 {Seed -2,0 each valve.  M id,.) ftrfuncfeafterfl..w„,;„! Ai",*tlle ralJ?-
Flowers June.                                   ...  ,. 
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.              51
                STIPULICIDA.   Mich.

   Calyx 5-partitus.   Co-  [    Calyx  5 parted.   Co-
rolla  5-petala.   Stigma-  j rolla  5  petalled.   Stig-
ta  3.    Capsula  l-locu-  | mas 3.   Capsule l celled,
laris, 3-valvis.              j 3 valved.
    1. SiiTACEA.

    Mich, 1. p. 26. t. 6.
    Polycarpon stipulifidum, Pursh, 1. p. 90.
  Root fibrous, annual ?  Stem erect, 6—10 inches high, smooth, di-
chotomously, sometimes trichotomously branched.  Leaves near  the
root small, opposite, spathulate; on the branches 0.  At each fork of
the branches 2 fimbriate Stipules.   Flowers  in terminal clusters,
"(4—6 in each,)  sessile.  Corolla white.  Stamens shorter than  the
petals.   Style short.  Seeds few.
  Grows in dry  sandy soils, near Fort  Barrington—Mr. Lyon, Co-
lumbia—Dr. Macbride, near Augusta,—Dr. Baldwin.
  FLowers May.

  This genus differs only by its single style and entire petals from
Polycarpon.

                 XYRIS.  Gen. pl. 89-
 Corolla 3-petala, sequalis,
crenata.  Glum® bivalves-
in capitulum.     Capsula
supera.
    Corolla  3   petalled,
equal,  cienate.   Glumes
2  valved,  in  a  capitu-
lum.    Capsule superior.
1. Flexuosa.  Muhl. Cat.
   X.  capitulis  arete  im-
bricatis;  calyce  bracteis
breviore,  parce plumoso;
foliis longis, gladiatis,  tor-
tuosis.  E.
   Heads  closely  imbri-
cate;  calyx  shorter than
the   bracteas,  sparingly
feathered;   leaves  long,
sword shaped, twisted.
   X. Caroliniana, Wait. p. 69.  Pursh, 1. p. 33.
   X. jupicai, Mich. 1. p. 23.

  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, erect, 2 feet high, columnar,
smooth, spiral, furrowed with 2 lines, dilated at the summit.  Leaves
sword shaped, a little dotted,  spiral, 12—14 inches long,  sheathing
the base of the stem.   Fiowprs in an../ vate terminal, imbricate capi-
tulum.  Bractea an ovate or rounded" scale,  rigid, concave, covering 
St             TRIANDRIA  M0N0GYNIA.
the bud and the capsule;  the lower scales commonly without flowert.
Calyx 2  leaved,  somewhat persistent; leaves  nearly linear,  rather
shorter than the bracteas. slightly feathered on the back towards the
summit.  Corolla 5 petalled, claws nearly as long as the bracteas, di-
lated above, yellow.  Fi aments inserted into the claw of the corolla,
bearded.   Anthers erect.  Germ superior, 3 angled, flattened.   Style
as long as the stamens, 3 deft.  Stigmas obtuse^ glandular.  Capsule
1 celled, 3 valved, opening at the angles.  Seeds numerous, small, ob-
liquely lanceolate, striate, (adhering to an  elevated rib in the middle
of each valve.   Gfertner.)
  A membranous  sheath  envelopes the corolla before flowering, and
the capsule after the corolla decays.
  Grows in flat pine barrens.  Very common.
  Flowers July—September.                    Twisted Xyrigt
   2. FlMRRIATA.   E.
   X.  capitulis  laxe  im-
bncatis ;   cahre  bracteis
multo  ?on&iore,   fimbria-
to;  foliis  longis,  gladiat-
is.   E.
    Heads loosely  imbri.
cate; calyx much  longer
than the bracteas, fimbri-
ate; leaves  long,  sword
shaped.
  Root perennial.  Stem 2 feet hign, a little scabrous, dilated at the
6ummit.  Leaves nearly as long as the stem.   Flowers in  an oblon<*
capitulum, with the scales  or bracteas loosely appressed.   Bracteas
round.  Calyx nearly twice as long as the bracteas, the keel dnided
into long segments (fimbriae) that give the head a feathered aspect.
  The corolla  and anthers of this  species recruire further examina*
iion.
  Every species of Xyris exudes a gelatinous fluid from the roots and
base of the leaves, and this perhaps  more abundantly than any other,
  bent from Georgia by Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers July-August.                      Feathered Xyris.


   3.  Brevifolia.   Mich.
   X. foliis subulato-glad-  |    Leaves subulate, sword
latis,   brevibus ;   calyce  |  shaped,   short •    calyx
bracteis  breviore,   sub-    shorter than the'bracteas,
jnciso dentatis.   E.          slightly  notched.

   Mich. 1. p.  23.  Pursh, 1. p. 33.

  Root perennial.  Stem 12—18 inches high, comnre«pH «     *u«
summit.  Leave. 3-6 inches long, *™,*nbri^^™*£
Head nearly globose.  Calyx linear, rather shorter th»n 7k  utwis*ea#
TUe mi  «fich in the farmer speciesU XSi Z£Z?£Z 
TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
5*
deeply fringed, in this is only slightly and irregularly notched (in-
cised )
  Grows in flat pine barrens in the middle country of Carolina. Com*
mon.            „
  Flowers August—September.            Short-leaved Xyris.
   4.  Juncen.  Baldwin.
   X.  foliis  teretibus, fis-
tulosis,  acutis;  scapo te-
reti, basi vaginato ; brac-
teis subrotundis;  capitulo
ovali.   B.
   Leaves terete, hollow,
acute ;    scape *  terete,
sheathed  at  base ; brac-
teas nearly  round; head
oval.
  Root perennial.  Stem 6—12 inches high.  Leaves 4—8 inches long.
Calyx about as long as the bracteas;  the keel slightly toothed.  Fila-
ments naked.  B.
  Grows in damp situations in the pine barrens near St. Mary's.
  Flowers May—June.
FU1RENA.  Gen.  pl.  90.
34
   Amentum imbricatum,
squamis aristatis.   Calyx
0-   Corolla 3-valvis, val-
vulis arista terminatis.
   1. Squarrosa.
   F. foliis angusto-lance-
olatis, brevioribus;  capi-
tulis, pluribus (5—6) as;-
gregatis ; valvulis corolli-
nis  cordato-ovatis,  mu-
cronatis.   E.
 Amentum imbricate, with
awned scales.   Calyx  0.
Corolla 3 valved, valves
terminated with an  awn.

   Leaves  narrow,  lan-
ceolate,  sbort  ;   heads
many,  (5—C) clustered ;
valves of the corolla cor-
date-ovate,   with  short
awns.
   Mich. 1. p. 37.
  Stem 1—2 feet high, columnar, firmly erect, smooth, hairy at the
summit.  Leaves 3 nerved, scabrous on  the upper surface, smooth on
the under, distinctly ciliate.  Heads many, ovate, aggregate, in clus-
ters of 4—7, sometimes axillary.  Scales of the  amentum oval, nearly
smooth: awn long, expanding.  Valves of the corolla pedicellate, cur-
date or abruptly rounded at base   Awn shorter than the valve.
  Grows 1 mile from Bee's Creek, on the road to Purysburg, in wet
ditches.
  Flowers September—November.        Rough-headedFuirena. 
54f            TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
   2. SclRPOlOEA.
   F.  caulibus  aphyllis;      Stem leafless;    head
capitulo   unico   ovato ;   one,   ovate,   terminal ;
valvulis  corollinis  ovali-   valves  of  the corolla o-
bus  muticis ?                \ al, without awns.
   Mich. 1. p. 38. V 7.
   Vaginafia Richardi, Persoon, 1. p. 70.  Pursh, 1. p. 58.
  (Root creeping, Mich.).  Stem erect. 12—18 inches high, slender,
 ;cales of the amentum ovate, pubescent,  awned ; awn sbort, erect.
  alves of the corolla oval or lanceolate;  (in my specimens without
awns.)
  From specimens sent from St. Mary's, Georgia, by Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers                               Rush-'ike. Fuirena.
  Richard remarks that the involucrum of the seed of this species is
composed alternately of three scales and three bristles.  Every flower
which 1 have opened contained 3 s. ales,and as the inflorescence bears
in other respects a sufficient resemblance to Fuirena, I have retained
it in this genus.
KYLL1NG1A.   Gen. pl.  91.
  Amentum   ovatum   s.
oblongum,   imbricatum.
Calijx 2-valvis.   Corolla
2-valvis.   Sp. pl.
    Calyx l-valvis  s.   o.
Corolla 2-valvis.   Flores
capitati.   E.
   I.  MONOCF.PHALA.
  K. culmo  filiformi, tri-
quetro; capitulo globoso,
sessili ;    involucro   tri-
pbyllo,  longissimo.   Sp.
pl.  l. p. 256.
   Muhl. Cat. p. 5.

  Root perennial, creeping, stoloniferous.  Stem  3—12 inrW v/ i,
Leaves linear, shorter than the stem.  Heads always single unifora-
   Ament ovate or oblong,
imbricate.   Calyx 2 val-
ved.   Corolla 2 valved.

   Calyx  l valved or  0.
Corolla  2 valved.   Flow-
ers in heads.

   Stem  filiform,   3 an-
gled ; head globose, ses-
sile ;  involucrum  three
leaved,  very long. 
TRIANDRI\ TVfONOGYNIA.              35
ly inclining to one side. Involucrum sometimes with a fourth leaf, one
of the leaves always erect, and twice or thrice the length of the hori-
zontal ones.  Baldwin.
  Found near Sunbury, Georgia, by Mr. Le Conte.
  Flowers October.
   Calyx wanting ;  corol-
la compressed, 2 valved,
valves  unequal  ;   head
nearly spherical.
   2. Pumila.   Mich.
   K ?  calyce  nullo ;  co-
rolla  compressa,  nivalvi,
valvis inaequalibus;  capi-
tulo subgloso.   E,

   Mich. 1. p. 28. Pursh, 1. p. 46.

  Root fibrous.   Stem erect, 3—6 inches long,  3  angled, glabrous.
Leaves  shorter than the  stem, subulate, acute,,  slightly keeled, ex-
panding, sheathing the base of the stem.  Involucrum generally com-
posed of 3 leaves, unequal, long, similar to tlie root leaves.  Flowers
placed vertically  in  a sessile, terminal, nearly globose head, which
frequently bulges  at base, as if forming 1  or 2 smaller heads   Calyx
or scale 0.  Corolla 2 valved ; valves acute, compressed ;  the keel
green, sides membranous; exterior valve shorter than the interior.
Stamens -2.  Germ compressed, oval  Style longer than the  corolla,
2 cleft.  Stigmas 2.   Seed naked.
  1 have examined this plant frequently, and at least patiently.  My
observations do not agree with the usual description of this genus, and
may be incorrect.
  Grows in  close  damp soils, around ponds, &c.  Very common.
  Flowers August—December.                Dwarf Kyllingia.
  x Calyx  one leaved, im-
bricate ;  corolla 2 valved,
valves unequal ;   heads
generally  3,  ovate, some-
what acute, sessile.
   3.  Mvculata.   JVlich.
   K.  calyce monophyllo,
imbiicato;  corolla  bival-
vi,  valvis  insequalibus ;
capitulis  plerumque  tri-
bus, ovatis, subacutis, ses-
silibus.    E.
   Mich. 1. p. 29.   Pursh, 1. p, 47.
  Root fibrous.  Stem 3—5 inches high, 3 angled, glabrous.  Leaves
and Involucrum similar to those of the preceding species, but rather
narrower.   Flowers in 3—5 ovate, imbricate, acute heads, closely sit-
ting.  Calyx  I leaved, cuneate-lanceolate, acute, with the midrib
green, longer  than  the flower  which it guards.  Corolla  2  valved,
valves concave, unequal:  the exterior shortest.   Stamen 1 ? Stigmas
2.  Seed oblong, nearly cyndrical. 
56             TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
  I have not been able in this species to discover an interior valve to
the calyx.   The scales of the calyx  in fact appear  to form an anient
as in the genus Scirpus,but instead of a naked or bristle bearing seed,
tliev inclose a seed furnished with a 2 valved corolla.  1 nave dis-
covered but one stamen in each flower; but as I have only seen dried
specimens, I cannot speak with certainty.                   ,
  The spots from  which Michaux named his species, I have not been
able to distinguish ; yet our plants agree in so many particulars, that
I have been unwilling to change his name.
  Sent to me from Georgia, by Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers                           Three-headed Ky lingia.
SCHOENUS.   Gen. pl. 92.
   Calycis squanue in spi-
cam fasciculate, inferiores
vac use.  Corolla o.  Stylus
deciduus.
   1.  Setaceus.
   S.  Pedunculis  axillari-
bus terminalibusque, sub-
trifloris ; culmo trigono ;
foliis  setaceis.     Vahl.
Enum.  pl. 2, p.  219.
   Pursh, 1. p. 47.
  Grows in Carolina,   Vahl.
   Scales of the Calyx col-.
lected  into a  spike, the
inferior ones em pty.  Co-
rolla 0.  Style deciduous.

   Peduncles axillary and
terminal, generally three
flowered;  stem three an-
gled ;   leaves  setaceous.
  Peduncles axillary and
terminal,  three  spiked;
spikes  globose,  on foot-
stalks ;   leaves  filiform,
  2.  Hispidulus.
  S.  pedunculis axillari-
bus  terminalibusque, tri-
stachyis ; spiculis subglo-
bosis, pedicellatis;  foliis
filiformibus,     hispidis. j hispid.
Vahl. Ennm. pl. 2. p. 219. |
  Pursh, 1. p. 47.
  Grows in Carolina.  La Marck.

   3. Effcsus.   Swartz.
   S.culmo felioso,obtuse I    Stem  leafv,  obtusely
triquetro; foliis antrorsum |  3. angled 5  leaves acu* 
TRIANDRIA  M0N0GVN1A.              57
aculeatis ;   panicula  ter-
minali, praelonga, diffusa:
semine  ovato,  longitudi-
                  E.
                             leate, with the sharp ser-
                             ratures bending forwards;
                             panicle  terminal,   \ery
naliter rugoso.   E.  ;>     long, diffuse ; seed ovate,
                             longitudinally wrinkled.
    Sp. pl. 1. p. 266.
  Stem 6—10 feet  high. Leaves 2—3 feet long, 8—10 lines wide,
glabrous, with the margins and midrib most sharply serrate.  Flowers
in compound panicles lateral and terminal, near the summit of the
stem, forming altogether one oblong, conical, panicle 12—20 inches
long.  Seed  not compressed, longitudinally  wrinkled, pointed by tlie
tapering; of its own body, not by  an attached tubercle,  and  without
surrounding bristles.
  Grows in ponds, and in fresh marshes.
■  Flowers August—September.   Saw grass. Fresh water Marsh.
RHYNCHOSPORA.
   Calycis squamae in spi-
cam  fasciculatae,  inferio-
res  vacuae.    Corolla  0.
Stylus  basi   persistens.
Setae basi seminis.
   Scales  of  the  Calyx
collected into ayspike, the
inferior ones empty.  Co-
rolla 0.  Style persistent
at base.   Bristles  at the
base of the seed.
   Spikes  in  corymbose
clusters;  stem above, 3
angled ;   leaves  linear,
channelled  ;   bristles of
the seed 10.
   1. Alra.
   R.  spicis   corymboso-
faciculatis ;   culmo   su-
perne  triquetro  ;   foliis
linearibus,  canaliculatis;
setis   seminis    decern.
Hort. Kew. i. p.  127.
   Vahl. Enum. pl. 2. p. 236.  Pursh, 1: p. 49.
   Schrenus albus, Mich. 1. p. 34.
  Root fibrous.   Stem about a foot high, very slender,  glabrous.
Leaves linear, glabrous.  Flowers in small corymbose clusters axilla-
ry and terminal.  Spikes fusiform.  Glumes nearly white.   S".ed- len-
ticular, nearly smooth, crowned with a  conic  tubercle; bristles re-
trorsely scabrous.
  Grows in Carolina, Dr. Muhlenherg.
                         H 
58            TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
   2. Rariflora.
   R. culmo foliisque se-
taceis ;  paniculis  laxis,
pamifloris; semine  obo-
vato, rugosn; setulis se-
ri en aequantibus.
R. micrantha, Vahl. 2. p 231.
Schoenus rariflorus, Mich. l.p.
  Stem and leaves setace-
ous;  panicles loose, few-
flowered;  seed obovjte,
rugose;  bristles as
as the seed.
      1. p. 48.
long
                              Pursh,
                              35.
   Root fibrous, perennial, cespitose.  Stem about 1 foot high, leafy.
Leave, shorter than the stem, glabrous.   Panicles  lateral  and termi-
nal.   Calyx many leaved. (5—7:)  the 3 or 4 exterior lanceolate, mu-
cronate, imbricate, smaller; the 2 interior resembling a corolla, each
sheathing a germ, one of wliich is frequently abortive.  Filaments 3,
longer than the calyx.  Germ superior, compressed, obovate, crowned
with a tubercle nearly of its own size.   Stigmas  2, acute, reflexed.
Seed like the germ, crowned with a compressed tubercle; bristles u,en.
erally 3 ?  (I have seen 4), as long as the seed without the tubercle.
  Grows in we ground, bogs &c.  Common.
t  Flowers April-—May.
   3. Plpmosa.   E
   R.  culmo  gracili,  tri-
quetro; foliis linearibus;
floribus terminalibus con-
gests; bracteis aristatis;
setulis plumosis.    E.
   Stem  slender,. 3  ang-
led;  leaves  linear; flow-
ers  terminal,  crowded;
bracteas awned; bristles
feathered.
  Stem 8—12 inches  high, 3 angled, glabrous.  Leaves linear, the
upper ones longer than the stem, the margins scabrous; sheath short,
closed.   Flowers in small clustered fascicles forming a loose cylindri-
cal spike, sometimes an axillary spike a  little  below the terminal.
Bracteas ovate, terminating in an awn, which on the lower bracteas is
nearly an inch long, on the upper, decreasing.   Exterior valves of
the  calyx awned; the awns shorter  than  the spike.   Seed  rugose,
slightly margined ; bristles six feathered.
  Grows in dry pine barrens.  Common around  Beaufort. Near St
Mary's—Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers June—August.
   4. Cymosa.   Muhl. Cat.
   R. caule tereti;  foliis
linearibus;  paniculis con-
fertitloiis,   subcymosis  ;
   Stem  round ;   leaves
linear;    panicles    like
cymes,  with the  flowers- 
TRIANDRIA  M0N0GYNIA.             59
semine glabro; setulis se-
taceis.   E.
crowded; seed  glabrous;
bristles setaceous.
  Stem 1—3 f^et high, nearly round.   Leaves linear, acute, glabrous,
concave,  not channelled.  Ftinicles axillary and  terminal, remote.
Calyx generally 6 leaved, the interior longer: 5th ovate lanceolate, mu-
cronate, of a dark ferruginous colour; the fith shorter than the 5th,
white, membranaceous, containing a sterile and fertile flower; the ste-
rile floret enclosed in a small sheath of its own.  Seed compressed,
lenticular, oval, margined, smooth, crowned with a short compressed
conic tubercle; bristles 6, setaceous, one third shorter tlian the mature
seed.
  Grows in bogs, ditches &c.
  Flowers through the whole summer.
   5. LONGIROSTRIS.
   R.   culmo  triquetro ;
paniculis subcorymbosis;
semine  obovato,  margi-
nato,    stylo  persistente
longo  mucronato;  setu-
lis scabris.  E.
   Stem  3 angled;  pani-
cles  like corymbs;  seed
obovate,  margined, point-
ed with  the  long  persis-
tent  style;   bristles sca-
brous.
   R. laxa. Vahl. 2. p. 231.
   Schtenus corniculatus, La Marck, illust. I. p. 132.
   Sciicenus longirostris,  Mich. 1. p. 35.
   Schcenus Umbellatus ?  Walt. p. 70.

  Stem erect, smooth,  3—6 feet high.   Leaves linear-lanceolate, irre-
gularly serrulate, channelled, glabrous, 1—2i  feet lon», 6—8 lines
wide; sheath at base closed, shorter than the joint*.  Flowers in race-
mes  supradecompound, axillary  and terminal* resembling umbels.
Calyx with the 6th or interior leaf inclosing a germ ; between the 5th
and 6th leaf are found 2 or 3  sterile florets, each embraced bv a ^mall
lanceolate  membrane.  Seed  obovate, compressed, margined, nearly
smooth, crowned with  a persistent style three times its own length j
bristles scabrous, one third shorter than the seed.
  Grows in ditches, ricefields and wet places.
  Flowers Julv—October.
   6. DlSTANS.
   R.   culmo triquetro ; |     St^m  3  angled;  flow*
floribus  in fasciculis dis- j  ers  in  distant  clusters \
taiidbus 5 semiue. lenticu- j  seed  Iciiticular,  slightly 
60             TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
lari,  laevissime  sulcato;
setulis  setaceis.
furrowed;  bristles  seta-
ceous.
   Pursh, 1. p. 48.
   Schcenus distans, Mich. 1. p. 36.
  Stem 12—20 inches high.  Leaves linear, glabrous, with the mar-
gins serrulate; sheath at base closed.  Clusters of jlo^rs axillary,
on peduncles moderately long;  each spikelet sessile.  *>eea  to the
naked eve nearly smooth, under a lens transversely sulcate ; tubercle
nearly conic, depressed, short; bristles setaceous as long as the seed.
  Grows in wet soils.
  Flowers June—September.
   7. Punctata.   E.
   R. fasciculi's  approxi-
mates   ad   summitatem
caulis,  lateralibus  termi-
nalibusque ;   seminibus
rugosis, punctatis.   E.
   Fascicles   lateral  and
terminal,  near  together
at  the   summit  of  the
stem;  seeds rugose, dot-
ted.
  Stem slender,  1—2 feet high, 3 angled.  Leaves linear-lanceolate,
acute, scabrous along the margins, slightly channelled, generally short.
Flowers in small fascicles clustered near the summit  of the stem,
where the joints become very short.   Lower glumes of the calyx mu-
cronate, the upper acute.  Seed rugose,, dotted in the furrows, com-
pressed ; crowned with a compressed, conic tubercle.  Bristles longer
than the seed. Near to R. distans,  from which it differs by its clus-
tered heads, its shorter? leaves, but principally by the seed, which in
that species is turgid,  very slightly  furrowed,  with the tubercle  de-
pressed ; while in this it is smaller and more rugose,
  Grows in Georgia.  Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers—
   8. Fascicularis.
   R. floribus fasciculatis,
lateralibus  terminalibus-
que ;  bracteis brevibus;
spiculis oblongis;   squa-
mis  mucronatis;  setulis
semine laevi duplo  longi-
oribus.
   Flowers in fascicles, la-
teral and terminal; brac-
teas short;  spikelets ob-
long; scales mucronate;
bristles twice as long as
the  smooth  seed.
Pursh, 1. p..48,
Schcenus fascicularis, Mich. 1. p, 37, 
TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.             61
  1 am unacquainted with this species.  Michaux adds that the leaves
are narrow and flat;  the spikes few and glabrous; and the bristles a
little hispid.
  Inhabits Carolina.   Mich.

   9. Glomerata.
   R.  spicis   corymboso-      Spikes  clustered in co-
fasciculatis, remotissimis,   rymbs,  very  distant, by
geminatis ; culmo obtus-   pairs;  stem obtusely an-
angulo; foliis linearibus.   gled; leaves  linear.
Vahl. 2. p. 234.
  Sp. pl.  1. p. 266.  Pursh, 1. p.  48.  Walt. p. 69? Clayton, p. 9.
No. 585.
  This spiecies  has descended to us from Clayton, but is to me still
obscure.   He remarks that the heads are  composed  of  ten  or
more dusky,  acuminate spikes, sitting on long erect peduncles that
grow from the joints,  stem geniculate, leaf 3 angled.
  This description nearly applies to the R. capitellata of this Sketch,
but the twin peduncles, which are mentioned by Gronovius, though
not by Clayton, 1 have not noticed in any of our species of Rhyncho-
spora.
  Grows  in Carolina.  Pursh, on the authority of Walter.
   10.  Capitellata.
   R. caule triquetro; flo-
ribus in capitulis axillari-
bus; semine oblongo-obo-
vato, mucronato; setulis
scabris.
     Stem    3   angled ;
flowers in axillary heads;
seed   oblong,   obovate,
pointed with a subulate
tubercle;  bristles   scab-
rous.
   Pursh, 1. p. 49?
   Schcenus capitellatus,  Mich. 1. p. 36.
  Stem 18—24 inches high.  Leaves nearly setaceous, shorter than the
stem;  sheath at base closed.  Flowers in spherical heads on footstalks
scarcely longer than the sheaths.  Seed compressed, nearly cuneiform,
crowned with a subulate tubercle.
  Grows in wet places, generally in poor soils.
  Flowers May—September.
   11.  Inexpansa.
   R. culmo obsolete tri-
quetro, paniculis  remo-
   Stem obscurely 3 ang-
led  ;   panicles  remote, 
03            TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNTA.
tis, pendulis; semine oh-   pendulous; seed oblong,
longo,  rugoso;   setulis   rugose; bristles scabrous,
scabris semine duplo Ion-   twice as long as the seed.
gioribus.
   Pursh, l.p. 48?
   Schcenus inexpansus, Mich. 1. p. 35.
  Stem 2 feet high, generally bending, round and smooth below, three
sided, and a little scabrous near the summit. Leaves 6—14 inches
long, 2—3  lines wide,  linear, acute, slightly serrulate, channelled.
Flowers in panicles axillary and terminal on peduncles long and pen-
dulous. Seed oblong, compressed, rugose, crowned with a long, very
acute tubercle; bristles 6, scabrous, twice as long as the seed.
  Grows in wet soils.
  Flowers through the whole summer.
   \2.  Caduca.   F.
   R.   culmo  triquetro ;
paniculis axillaribus, erec-
tis ;  spiculis fasciculatis,
sessilibus ;  semine lenti-
culari,  rugoso; setulis se-
mine duplo longioribus.
  Stem 3  angled ; pani-
cles  axillary,  generally
erect;  spikelets  cluster-
ed, sessile;  seed  lenticu-
lar, rugose;  bristles twice
as long as the  seed.
  Stem 1—2 feet high.   Leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous, finely ser-
rulate.  Common peduncle of the panicle twice as long as the sheath.
Tubercle compressed, conical, short.  This species is nearly allied to
R. sparsusfrom which itdii'ers in having its spikelets larger, cluster-
ed, and its panicle rather appressed than diffused.  It is also remark-
able for the facility with which it drops its mature glumes, so that in a
specimen  where the seeds are perfect, many of them will be found na-
ked, adhering to their pedicels.
  Grows in wet soils.  Around Charleston, common.  I have a varie-
ty sent from Savannah  by Dr. Baldwin with solitary flowers.
  Flowers in mid-summer.

   4 3.  Spars'.
   R.   culmo triquetro  ;
paniculis  axillaribus, dif-
iusis, spiculis omnibus pe-
dicellatis; semineobovato
rugoso;  setulis  semine
duplo longioribus.
   Pursh, I. p. 4r.
   Schcenus sparssus, Mich. 1. p.
    Stem  3 angled;  pani-
  cles axillary, diffuse, with
  all  the  spikes  on  foot-
  stalks ;  seed obovate, ru-
  gose ;  bristles  twice as
  long as the seed.

35. 
TRT\NDRIA  MONOGYNlA.              68
  Stem erect, 2 feet high.  Leaves linear lanceolate, glabrous, finely
serrulate, 8—16 inches long, 3—4  lines wide, sheath at their base
closed.  Flowers in panicles, every  way expanding;;  common pedun-
cle a little longer than the sheath : each spikelet on a peduncle 2—6
lines long.   Seed crowned with a very small tubercle.
  Grows in wet soils, in pine barrens generally.
  Flowers May—August.


              CYPERUS.  Gen. pl. 93.
   Glumes chaffy,  imbri-
cate in 2  rows.    Corolla
o.   Seed  one, naked.

   Stem  columnar,  nak-
ed, jointed.
   Gluma* paleaceae,  dis-
tiche imbricatse.   Corvlla
o.   Semen i, nudum.
   1. Articulatus.
   C. culmo tereti,  nudo,
artitulato.  Sp. pl.  i. p.
270.

   Mich. 1. p. 27. Pursh, 1. p. 50.
  Root jointed, creeping, perennial.  Stem erect, 3—6 feet high, fil-
led with  a spongy pulp and irregularly jointed, cothed at base with 2
or 3 small sheath-like leaves. Flowers in compound umbels ;  the spike-
lets subulate, many flowered (10—20.)   Scales of the calyx  lanceo-
late,  rather  obtuse: midrib  green,  the sides  membranaceous, white
spotted with red ; the 2 or 3 lower glumes sterile.  Filaments 3. An-
thers oblong, 2 lobed. yellowish   Germ ovate.  Style filiform, longer
than  the  glumes.  Stigmas 3, simple, acute.
  Grows  in  wet places, in the river swamps at Ogechee,  around
ponds on Hilton  Head.
  Flowers June—August.                    Jointed Cyperus.
   2. Fxsciculatus.   E.
   C.   spiculis  ovato ob-
longis,  multifloris,  fasci-
culato-terminalibu^  ;   in-
volucro   dipbvllo   foliis-
que angustissime  lineari-
bus.   E.
   Spikelets ovate oblong,
many flowered, in  termi-
nal fascicles;  involucrum
two leaved, and  with the
leaves linear  and   very
narrow.
  Stem 6 inches high, 3 angled.  Leaves 1—2, very narrow, almost
setaceous, shorter than the stem.  Involucrum 2 leaved, one scarcely
longer than the spikes, the other very long.  Spikelets 5—7, all, in my
specimens, sessile, 12—24 flowered.  Valves, rather obtuse, the keel
deep green, the margins membranaceous. 
64
TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
  Certainly very near the next species, yet differing in »aJJ™BgPeCJ-
To the C. niveus, and to the C. diftbrmis as described m note top. pi.
3. p. 281. these plants have much affinitv-
  Grows near Milledgeville Georgia.  Dr. Boykin.
   3. PoiEFORMis.   Pursh
   C.  spiculis  oblongis,
complanatis,  fasciculato-
corymbosis ;    fasciculis
sessilibus   pedunculatis-
que; involucro  triphyllo,
longissimo.   Pursh, 1. p.
50.
  Plant' a span high.  Leaves narrow linear, glabrous, scarcely as long
as the stem  Stem 3 ansled, glabrous.  Involucrum three leaved, two
very long.   Fascicles of flowers ovate, sessile, sometimes on short pe-
duncles.  Spikes ovate, oblong, short, 4—6 flowered.  Valves ovate,
obtuse, keeled, yellowish. Pursh.
  Grows in sandy fields—South-Carolina.  Pursh.
  Flowers July.
   Spikes oblong,  flatten-
ed, in  corymbose  fasci-
cles ; fascicles sessile and
on peduncles ;   involu-
crum three  leaved, very
Ion!
■&•
  4.  Kyllinckoides.
  C.  capitulo  globoso;
spiculis oblongis, convex-
is,  suboctofloris;  involu-
cro tetraphyllo, foliisque
carinatis   laxis.    Vahl.
Enum. pl. 2. p. 312.
   Pursh, 1. p. 50.
  Head globose;  spikes
oblong,  convex, general-,
ly eight flowered; invo-
lucrums  4  leaved,  and
with  the  keeled  leaves
loose.
Stem 3 angled.
Grows in wet pine woods—New-Jersey—Carolina.  Pursh.
Flowers June.
  6.  AUTUMNALIS.
  C. spiculis linearibus,
terminalibus, digitato sub-
ternis;   umbel!a   involu-
crum  diphyllum  subse-
quante.   Vahl. Enum. pl.
3. p. 318.
   Pursh,  1. p. 51.
   Spikes linear, terminal,
digitate,   generally   by
threes;  umbel as long as
the  two  leaved  involu-
crum. 
TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.              65
  Spikes very slender.  Valves purple with a green keel.  Stem near-
ly cylindrical.  Pursh.
  Grows along the margins of ponds and ditches.
  Flowers July—August.
   6.  COMPRESSUS.
   C.   culmo  triquetro,
nudo;  umbellis composi-
tis; spiculis capitatis, mul-
tifloris; glumis acuminat-
is, lateribus membranace-
is.   E.
   Stem  3  angled, nak-
ed ; umbels  compound;
spikelets  capitate, many
flowered; glumesacumi
nate, with
membranaceous.
their margins
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 282.  Sloan, Jam. 1. p. 117. t. 76. f. 1.

  Stem 3—8 inches high, with the angles obtuse.  Leaves shorter than
the  stem, linear-lanceolate, margins  and midrib entire.  Spikelets
nearly sessile, somewhat capitate, oblong-lanceolate, many flowered
(16—27.)   Glumes not mucronate, the keel green, sides membranous,
nearly white.  .Filaments 3.  Style 3 cleft.
  The glumes are sharply acuminate, but not mucronate as represent-
ed in Sloan's figure; neither is the panicle, with us, in general so much
divided.   In other respects the representation is good.  The C. com-
pressus of Vahl and Pursh, (1. p. 51.) appears to be a different plant.
  Grows in dry sandy pastures.  Around Beaufort, common.
  Flowers August—September.
   7.  Briz^us.   Richard.
  C. spiculis oblongo-ova-
tis,  obtusis;  umbellulis
confertis,  aphyllis; foliis
angustis.    Rich.   Linn.
Soc. Paris, p.  106.
   Pursh, 1. p. 51.
  Grows in the swamps of Carolina
  Flowers July.

   8.  Vegetus.
   C.  culmo  gracili,  ob-
tuse  triquetro;  umbellis
decomposing  ;   spiculis
evalibus,   sub  globoso-
   Spikelets oblong ovate,
obtuse;  partial  umbels
crowded, leafless; leaver
narrow.
   Stem slender,  obtuse-
ly 3 angled; umbels  de-
compound;  spikelets o-
val,  in compact dobosc 
66              TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
capitatis  compactis;  in-
volucro longissimo.   E.
heads; involucrum very
long.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 283. Vahl. Enum. pl. 2. p. 326. Pursh, 1. p. 51.
   Stem 2—3 feet high, nearly round.   Leaves linear-lanceolate, chan-
 nelled, finely serrul'ate near the summit, 2—3 feet long, 3—4 lines
 wide; sheath at base closed, marcescent  Involucrum 4 leaved, the
 lower leaves very long.  Flowers in short, oval spikelets, generally
,9  flowered, laterally appressed  into  compact heads.  Glumes ovate,
 rather acute.  Styles 3 cleft. Seed oval.
   Grows  in ponds and ditches  10 miles from Savannah, on the Au-
 gusta road.  On James  Island, and around Charleston.  Not common.
   Flowers June—September.            Compact-headed Cyperus.
   Stem acutely 3 angled;
umbels    decompound;
spikelets   ovate-lanceo-
late,  in compact globose
heads; involucrum  very
long.
   9. Virens.   Mich.
   C-   culmo  acutissime
triquetro;  umbellis  de-
composes; spiculis  ova-
to-lanceolatis,  sub globo-
so-capitatis  compactis ;
involucro longissimo. E.
   Mich. 1. p. 23.
   Cyperus giomeratus,  Walt. p. 70.
  Stem 1—2 feet high, firmly erect, most acutely 3 angled; the an-
gles scabrous near the summit, sides concave.  Leaves linear-lanceo-
late, somewhat compressed, the margins and midrib serrulate, 2__3
feet long, 4—6 lines wide.  Spikelets commonly 16 flowered, lateral-
ly appressed into compact heads   Glumes lanceolate, acute.  Fila-
ment 1 ?  Style 3 cleft.  Seed oblong, 3 angled.

  This differs from the preceding species by beiiig always a much lar-
ger plant, having a stem very acute, and larger spikes.   It is certain-
ly the C virensof Michaux, but some other plant must have been
described as the C. virens by Vahl and Pursh.
*u(lr0UJ ^ "^ swa™P8-   Common.  If incautiously drawn through
the hand, the stem will cut severely with its sharnaneles
  Flowers May-Oct.                          ^ Grass.
   10. FlLlCTALMlS.
   C.  spiculis linearibus,
globoso-capitatis patentis-
simis ; umbella sub-uni-
radiata ;   involucris  tri-
   Spikelets linear in glo-
bose heads,  expanding;
umbel  generally one ray-
ed ;   involucrum   three 
TRIANDRIA  M0N0GYN1A.              67
pliyllis culmisque setace-
is.   Vahl. Enum.  pl.  2.
p. 338.
   Pursh, l.p. 51.
  Grows in Carolina.  Vahl.

    11. Mariscoides.
   C.  spiculis lineari-lan-       Spikelets   linear-lan-
ceolatis,  globoso-capitat-   ceolate in globose heads;
is;  umbella pauciradiata   umbel   with  few  rays
(l—2)  vel 0;  involucro   (1—2) or 0; involucrum
sul) 3-phyllo,   prselongo,   generally 3 leaved, very
foliisque  linearibus,  ca-   long and with  the leaves
naliculatis.  E.             linear and  channelled.

  Root somewhat bulbous. Stem glabrous, 1 foot high, naked.   Leaves
channelled,  the margins and midrib serrulate, half as long as the stem.
Heads terminal; sometimes one or two branches bear  smaller heads.
Spikes compressed, two rowed, 7 flowered.  Glumes compressed, ob-
tuse.   Stamens 3.   Style 3 cleft.  Seed oblong, 3 angled ; bristles 0.
   To the preceding species this appears to have much alfinitv, but I
have never seen its  leaves or stem setacepus.
   Grows in dry sandy soils.  Around Beaufort, common.
   Flowers June—September.


    42. Flavescens.
    C.   culmo  obtuse tri-      Stem obtusely  3 ang-
quetro; umhellis compo-   led ; umbels  compound;
sitis;   spiculis   confertis,   spikelets  crowded,  lan-
lanceolatis; glumis  acu-   ceolate ; glumes acute.
tis.   E.
    Sp. pl. 1. p. 270.
   Stem 8—12 inches high, smooth, shining, and with the whole plant
of a yellowish hue.  Leaves few, sheathing the base of  the stem, line-
ar, slightly  channelled, the midrib and margin serrulate, particularly
near the point.  Sheath, at base closed.  Spikelets lanceolate, 8—20
flowered.  Calyx compressed, acute.  Filaments 2? Style two cleft.
   This plant which is generally considered in this country as the C.
flavescens, differs from the character in the Sp. pl. by  its obtuse stem
and acute glumes.
   Grows in wet soils.  Very abundant along the margins of saltwater
coves.
   Flowers July—October.                    Yellow Cyperus.
leaved with the stem se-
taceous. 
69
TRIANDRIA M0N0GYN1A.
   13.  Gracilis.   Muhl. Cat.
   C.  culmo gracili, acute
triquetro; foliis triquetris;
umbellis compositis ; spi-
culis   lineari-lanceolatis.
E.
   Stem  slender, acutely
3  angled ;  leaves  3 an-
gled ; umbels compoum
spikelets
linear-lanceo-
late.
  Root annual ? Stem about 12 inches high, acutely 3 angled, tender,
fragile.  Leaves nearly as long as the stem ; the margins entire, sides
concave, sometimes compressed ; sheath closed, marcescent.  ipike-
lets generaly 12 flowered.   Glumes lanceolate, acute ;  midrib green,
the sides marked with two red lines, and an intermediate yellow spot.
Style 3 cleft.
  Grows in damp soils, 2 miles from Beaufort near the main road.
  Flowers  September—October.                Slender Cyperus.
   Root tuberous ;  stem
obtusely 3 angled; leaves
recurved; umbels simple
and  compound ;   spike-
lets linear.
   14.  Hydra.   Mich.
   C.   radice  tuberosa;
culmo obtuse  triquetro;
foliis recurvis ;  umbellis
simplicibus   compositis-
que;  spiculis  linearibus.
E.

   Mich. 1. p. 27.  Vahl. Enum. pl. 2. p. 344.  Pursh, 1. p. 52.

  Root perennial, tuberous, creeping; tubers  nearly half an inch in
diameter.  Stem 3—8 inches high, naked, glabrous, obtusely 3 angled.
Leaves all from the root, sheathing the base of the stem, subulate, acute,
slightly channelled, recurved, a  little glaucous on  the under surface.
Involucrum 2-3 leaved.  Scales of the calyx ovate, compressed,
nearly acute, the keel green, the sides bright chesnut.  Filaments 3,
twice as long as the calyx.   Stigmas 2.   Seed 3 angled
  Grows in the drift sands along the margin of the ocean.
  * lowers  through the whole summer.               Nid-^rass.

  This grass is becoming a great scourge to our planters.  It shoots
from the base of its stem a thread-like fibre, whict descends perpen-
dicularly 6-18 inches, and then produces a small tuber.   From this,
horizontal  fibres extend in every direction, producing new tuber at
intervals of 6 or 8  inches, and these immediately shoo^n Tento
the surface of the earth, and throw out lateral  fibres to form a new
progeny.  I his process is interminable, and it is curious to see what
a chain  or net-work  of plants and tubers can with some care be duff
up in a loose soil.  The  only process yet discovered by which tin!
grass can be extirpated, is to plough or  hoe the spots hT which it 
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.             69
grows ewry day through a whole season.  In their perpetual efforts
to throw their  leaves  to the light f-.-.e roots become exhausted and
perish, or if a few appear the next spring, they can easily be dug up.
This experiment has been successfully tried by John M'Queen,
of Chatham county, Georgia.
   15.  Repens.   E.
   C. radice repente ; cul-
mo triquetro;  foliis  gla-
berrimis ;   umbella sim-
plici  compositaque; spi-
culis    confertis,   lineari-
lanceolatis.  E.
                                 Root  creeping;  stem
                              3  angled;   leaves  very
                              glabrous; umbels simple
                              and compound; spikelets
                              crowded,   linear-lanceo-
                              late.
  Root creeping,  throwing out suckers in  every direction.  Stem
12—18 inches high, 3 angled, with the sides concave, and  the angles
obtuse.  Leaves long, narrow, thick,  recurved, channelled, with tlie
margins very entire.  Iuvolucn m 3—4 leaved, longer than the um-
bel, the leaves  scabrous along the margins.   Umbel generally simple,
sometimes a little compound, many rayed.  Spikes crowded, narrow,
lanceolate, 10—12 flowered.  Glumes slightly mucronate, yellowish.
Stamens 3.  Style  3 cleft.
  Near to C. hydra, for which it is sometimes  mistaken.   It is how-
ever a larger plant, and creeps not by tubers, but by fibies from the
root.  The involucrum is proportionally much larger, the spikes more
crowded, yellow not purple, wider, and the glumes  more pointed
than in the C.  hydra.
  Grows in the fields and pastures around Charleston.
  Flowers July—September.                Creeping  Cyperus.
   16.  TlREROSUS.
   C. spiculis  lineari-lan-
ceolatis  convexiusculis  ;
involucro  triphyllo,  um-
bella quinqueradiata lon-
giore.    Vahl. Enum.  pl.
2. p. 340.
   Pursh, 1. p. 52.
  Grows along the margins of rivers from Pennsylvania to Carolina.
Roots eatable.  Pursh.  Found in Georgia by Dr. Baldwin.  I have
some -I'spicion that this and the preceding species are the same plant,
and that they are the C. phymatodes of Muhlenberg.
   Spikelets linear lanceo-
late,  somewhat  convex;
involucrum   3   leaved,
longer than  the 5  rayed
umbel. 
70             TRIANDRIA M0N0GVNIA.
   17- Tenuiflorus.
   C.  spicis  corymbosis,      Spikes  corymbose  ;
spiculis   linearibus  con-   spikelets  linear,   somc-
Yexiusculis ;   involucro   what  convex  ;   involu-
umbella longiore ; culmo   cram longer than the urn-
folioso.   Vahl. Enum, pl.   bel;  stem leafy.

2. p.  347o
   Sp.pl.  l.p. 284.
   Pursh,  1. p. 52.
   C. erythrorhizos ? Muhl. Cat.
  Stem 2—3 feet high, nearly terete.  Leaves as long as the stem,
5—6 lines  wide, channelled, with the margins serrulate ; the sheaths
inclosing the stem at base, but only connected with it at the roots.
Involucrum many leaved, 4 longer than  the  umbel,  the 2 exterior
very long : the small involucrum linear or setaceous, short.  Spikes
linear, 12—20 flowered, very slender  and delicate, glossy, chesnut«
coloured  Flowers very minute, much crowded along the  whole of
the partial rays.  Filaments frequently 2.
  Grows in rice fields, ditches, &c.
  Flowers August—October.
   18.  Odoratus.
   C.  spicis corymbosis  ;
spiculis subulatis, remotis,
distichis ;   valvulis  sub-
distantibus; umbellis pa-
tentissimis  involucellum
subsequantibus.     Vahl.
Enum. pl. 2. p. 356.
   Sp. pl. l.p. 284.
   Pursh, l.p. 52.
  Spikes    corymbose  ;
spikelets  subulate,   re-
mote, distichous;  valves
somewhat  distant;  um-
bels  expanding,  as long
as the small involucrum.
Grows along the banks of rivers from Pennsylvania to Florida.
Flowers August.
   19. Strigosus.
   C. spicis oblongis laxis;
spiculis subulatis, patenti-
bus, remotiusculis; invo-
lucellis  subnullis $  urn-
  Spikes oblong  loose ;
spikelets  subulate,  ex-
panding, a little remote;
small involucrums gene- 
TRIANDRIA MONOCYNIA*              71
rally wanting; partial um-
bels  with alternate rays.
bellulae   radiis   alternis.
Vahl. Enum. p!. 2.p. 368.
   Sp. pl. I. p. 281.
   Mich. 1. p. 28.
   Pursh, 1. p. 52.
  Stem 2—3 feet high, 3 angled.   Leaves long, rather delicate, with
minute serratures along the margin.  Involucrum with two or three
leaves longer than the umbel.   Rays of the umbel 5 or more.   Spike-
lets scattered near  the summit of the rays,  linear, subulate, many
flowered (14—24).   Valves slightly mucronate.
  As  the spikelets seem scattered along the common, there is no small,
involucrum, and it is often a minute setaceous leaf.
  Grows in swamps and ditches*
  Flowers August—October.
   20.  Tetragonus.   E.
   C. spicis  oblongis, cy-
lindricis;  spiculis  subte-
tragonis,  paucifloris ;  in-
volucro  longissimo;  in-
volucellis  0.
   Spikes  oblong,  cylin-
drical ;   spikelets  some-
what 4 angled, few flow-
ered ;  small involucrum
wanting.
  Stem 2—3 feet high, naked ; angles near the umbel a little sca-
brous.  Leaves 12—18 inches long, 3 lines wide, channelled, the mar-
gins and midrib serrulate.   Umbels many  rayed, racemes about an
inch  long at  the extremity of the rays,  several sessile in the centre
of the umbel.   Spikes 5—5 flowered.  From the width of the rachis
the spike is distinctly 4 angled.  Glumes compressed, nerved, slight-
ly mucronate.  Stamens 3.   Style 2 cleft.  Seed  oblong, 3  angled.
Bristles 0.
  Found on Edings' Island; also near St. Mary's, by Dr. Baldwin.
Rare to me.
   21. Flavicomus ?   Mich.
   C.  culmo  triquetro;
umbellis compositis; spi-
culis  lineari-lanceolatis ;
glumis  obtusis, subemar-
ginatis.   E.
   Mich.  1. p. 27.  Pursh, 1. p. 53 ?
  Plant very glabrous.  Stem 1—5 feet high, 3 angled, with the an-
gles obtuse.  Leaves linear-lanceolate, channelled, nearly as long as
the stein,  slightly serrulate near the summit; a little glaucous under-
neath ;  sheath closed, marcescent.  Involucrum very long, glaucous,
with  the keel  and margins green.  Spikes 10—12 flowered, expand-
   Stem 3 angled ;  um-
bels  compound ;  spike-
lets    linear-lanceolate ;
glumes   obtuse,   some-
what
emarginate. 
73             TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
ing.  Glumes  abruptly  obtuse.  Style 2 cleft.  The umbels^ exhibit
generally a yellowish nue, but many of the spikes are tinged near the
base with a dull leaden colour.
  Grows in rich soils, near buildings. Vall'Omhrosa, Great °gechee,
and arouud Charleston.  In bogs it becomes a large plant, 2—3 teet high,
thick and succulent; in dry soils,  even where not  sandy, it rarely
exceeds 12—15 inches in height.
  Flowers May—September.            Fellow-spiked Cyperus.
     Spikes   distichous;
spikelets filiform, expand-
ing ; florets distant ;  um-
bel strait.
   22.  Distans.
   C. spicis distichis,  spi-
culis filiformibus, patenti-
bus ; flosculis distantibus ;
umbella stricta.     Vahl.
Enum.  pl. 2. p. 362.
   Sp. pl. l.p. 288.
   Pursh, 1. p. 53.
  Appears to be nearly allied to C. stri°:osus, hut I have seen no spe-
cies in this country with the spikes arranged in two rows on the com-
mon peduncle.
  Grows in sandy and wet woods, Carolina and Georgia.  Pursh;
  Flowers
   2%.  Speciosus.
   C.  spicis   corymbosis,
spiculis  subulatis,   disti-
chis; umbellulis involucel-
lo brevioribus ;  ocreis bi-
aristatis; culmo acutangu-
lo.  Vahl.  Enum.   pl. 2.
p.  364.
   Pursh, 1 p. 53.
    Spikes   corymbose;
spikelets   subulate^  dis-
tichous ;  partial  umbels
shorter  than   the  small
involucrums   ;     ocreas
two awned j  stem acute-
ly agled.
  Stem 2-4 feet high, not very acutely angled.  Leaves  1^-2 feet
long, 5-6 lines  wide, deeply chanelled, somewhat glaucous under-
liJtirflrFS',.m,driVnd anSles  of the cha*nel serrulate;
sheath closed, shrivelling.  Flowers in subulate spikelets, attached on
TJ7 St*°Jt<Cr7*  Pedu"cle' horizontal ancf sometimes divaria-
cate.  spikelets 6-8 flowered.  Rays of the umbel many, alternate.
Involucrum many  leaved,very long; Small  involucrums  longer
than the partial umbels. Common  peduncles  sheathed at base ;  the
sheaths (ocre*) terminating in two .segments, which on the larger
branches are subulate and nearly an inclflong, on the smaller branX 
TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.             73
they resemble awns.  Glumes oblong appressed.  Filaments 3.  Style.
3 cleft.  Seed 3 angled, compressed, slightly incurved.
  Grows in ditches and wet places.
  Flowers August—dotober.

   24.  Enslenii.   Pursh.
   C.  spicis  corymbosis,
oblongis,  basi  ramosis,
nudis; spiculis  numero-
sis,  divaricatis,  confer-
   Spikes corymbose, ob-
long, branching at  base,
naked;  spikelets  nume-
rous, divaricate^ crowded,
linear, generally six flow-
ered ;  valves oblong, stri-
ate ; involucrum 8  leav-
ed, as  long as the umbel.
tis, linearibus, subsexflo
ris ;   valvulis   oblongis,
striatis; involucro octo-
phyllo, umbellam  subse-
quante.   Pursh, l. p. 53.
  Stem 3 angled.  Leaves linear, 3 nerved, glabrous, with  the keel
and margin scabrous, shorter than the stem.  Involucrum about 8
leaved, the interior shorter, the exterior longer than the rays of the
the umbel.  Spikelets very numerous, horizontal, ohesnut-coloured.
Is it a variety of C. speciosus ?  Pursh.
  Grows in ditches and around ponds.
  Flowers August.                .
DULICHITJM.   Richard.
   Spica subracemosse, ex
axillis  foliorum.  Spicu-
Ice lineari-lanceolatse,sub-
compressae.  Styles lon-
gissimus,  bifidus.   Ger-
minis setulse  retrorsum
asperse.
A  1.  Spathacecm.
  D.  culmo  tereti,  trifa-
riamlblioso; spiculis pa-
tulis,  sujbulatis,  in  race-
mis axillaribus.   E.

   Persoon, 1. p. 65.
   Cvperus spathaceus, Sp. pl. 1.
   Clayton, p. 9. No. 562.
  ■Scirpus spathaceus, Mich. 1. p.
    Spikes somewhat race-
  mose, .growing from the
  axils of the leaves.  Spike-
  tefclinear-lanceolate^com-
  pressed. Style very long,2
  cleft. Bristles of the germ
  retrosely roughened.

 ,   Stem  columnar,  with
 leaves  pointing in three
 directions;  spikelets  ex-
 panding, subulate,  in ax-
 illary racemes.

p. 289.  Big. p. 13.
32.
K 
74
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
  Stem columnar, striate, 12—:18 inches high.  Leaves linear-lanceo-
late, flat, margins serrulate, 2—3 inches long, 2—3 lines wide, always
pointing  in three directions; sheath at base shorter than the joints,
loose,  closed.  Flowers in  subulate spikelets m-7 flowered, torming
axillary racemes, simple, sometimes compound;  common peduncle
just as long as the sheaths of the leaves.  Glumes linear-lanceojate,
very acute.  Filaments 3.  %/e 2 cleft, persistent.  Seed oblong, 3
angled, surrounded by 6  bristles scabrous and  longer than the seed.
  Grows in wet sandy soils.  Common.
  Flowers August—September.            Sheathed Dulichium.


                     MARISCUS.
   Spikes  nearly  terete,
clustered in heads.  Sta-
mens  3.   Style  3  cleft.
Seed 3 angled, naked.
   Spic&  subteretes,  in
capitulis aggregatis.  Sta-
mina  3.  Stylus 3-fidus.
Semen  triquetrum,  nu-
dum.
    1. Retrofractus.
   M.  culmo  obtuse  tri-
quetro, pubescente;  um-
bellis  simplicibus ;  capi-
tulis obovatis; spicis su-
bulatis, unifloris, reflexis.
E.
   Scirpus retrofractus,  Sp. pl. 1
  Stem naked, 2 feet high.  Leaves linear, about one foot long, pubes-
cent. Spikes terete, subulate, generally 3 flowered, of which the lower
and upper are abortive.  Glume of the lo*we% flower obtuse, of the 2
superior ones acute.  Filaments 3, adhering to the germ.  Style 3
cleft.  SeeB ©Wong, 3 angled, without bristles.
  Grows in dry soils.  Common in cultivated land.
  Flowery through the summer.            -
   Stem obtusely  8 ang-
led,  pubescent; umbels
simple ; heads  obovate ;
spikes subulate, l flow-
ered,  reflexed.
304.
   2.  Cylindrictjs.   E.
   M.  culmo obtuse  tri-
quetro,  glabro; umbeHis
simplicibus; capitulis cy-
lindricis; spicis lanceola-
tis, sub-compressis,  pau-
cifloris  (2—5),  patenti-
bus. E.
<
   gtem obtusely Spang-
led,  glabrous ;   umbels
simple;  heads  cylindri-
cal ;  spikes  lanceolate,
somewhat  compressed,
few flowered (2-
panding.
•5), ex-
• 
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
75
. Stem nakyit 2—3 feet high.  Leaves 1 foot long, linear, channelled,
glabrous, the  margins and midrib towards the summit acutely serru-
late.   Spikes &—5 flowered, compressed, flowers distichous.   Glumes
compressed, acute, nerved, keeled, loosely imbricate.  Seed objong,
3 angled, acute attach end, without bristles.
  This plant  resembles the M. echinatus.  Its spikes however are
smaller, and more crowded, the flowers on each spike less numerous,
and the heads cylindrical.
  Grows in cultivated land of almost every description.
  Flowers through the summer.  •
   3. Echinatus.
   M.  culmo  obtuse  tri-
quetro, glabro ; umbellis
simplicibus; capitulis glo-
bosis ;  spicis lineari-lan-
ceolatis,     suboctofloris
(6—8),  patentibus.  E.
ang-
   Stem obtusely 3
led,  glabrous ;   umbels
simple;  heads  globose
spikes^ linear-lanceolate:
eight  flowered,  expand-
ing.
   Scirpus echinatus,  Sp. pl. 1. p. 304.
   Kyllingia ovularis ? Mich. 1. p. 29.         •*

  Stem naked, 1—2 feet high.  Leaves similar to those of M. cylin-
dricus.  Spikes linear-lanceolate, 6—8 flowered, compressed, forming
a perfectly globular head.  Flowers in two rows.   Glumes acute. Fi-
laments 5.  Style 3 cleft. Seed 3 angled,  without bristles.
  Grows in cultivated land.  Very common.
  Flowers through the summer.
SCIRPUS.   Gen. pl. 95.
  Gluma? paleacese, undi-
que imbricatse.   Corolla
0.   Semen  l.
   * Spica unica,  termi-
nali.
   l. Capillaceus.   Mic
   S.  culmo  tereti,  pu-
sillo; ^pica  ovata,  acuta;
glumis  acutis ;   semine
compresso,  obovato.   E.
   Mich. 1. p. 30.      * ,
   S. pusillus, Vahl. Enum. pl. 2. p.
   Glumes chaffy, imbri-
cate on all sides.   Corol-
la 0.  Seed 1.
   * Spike solitary, termu
nal.

   Stem terete,  minute;
spike  ovate, acute; glu~
mes acute ;   seed  com-
pressed, obovate.

 245.  Pursh, 1. p. 54. 
76             TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA,
  Root annual? Stem erect and procumbent, 1—3 inchee high, slight-
ly furrowed.  Leaves 0, but a sheath surrounding the base ot the stem.
Midrib of the glumes green; sides ferruginous; margins white,mem-
branous; the two lower scales generally shortefiv Filaments o. toerm
crowned with a small conic tubercle.   Style 2—3 cleft.  Bristles b,
pellucid, a little longer than the germ.                    .
  Grows in patches sometimes  1 and 2 feet in diameter, c othmg the
ground like moss, and preferring places that have recently been aban-
doned by water.                                      .
  Flowers March—June.                     Minute Scirpus.


  2. Trichodes.   Muhl.  Cat.
   Stem setaceous; spikes
ovate-lanceolate; glumes
generally  obtuse;  seed
3 angled.
   S. culmo setaceo; spi-
cis ovato-lanceelatis; glu-
mis  subobtusis;  semine
triquetro.   E.    ^
   S.  acicularis? Pursh, 1. p. 54.
  Stem 6—8 inches high, setaceous
late, nearly white.  Seed obovate,
tubercle very small.
  Described from specimens found by Dr. Trescott, near Charleston.
  Flowers June—July.                     Hear-like Scirpus.
glabroils.  Glumes ovate-Ianceo-
> angled, longitudinally ribbed?-
   3. Simplex.   E.
   S. culmo tereti ; spica
subovata; glumis obtusis;
semine obovato,  trique-
tro.
   Stem columnar; spike
somewhat ovate; glumes
obtuse ;    seed   obovate,
3 angled.
  Root perennial.   Stem erect, 8—IS inches high, glabrous, (striate
when examined with a lens.)  Leaf 0, but a short marcescent sheath
at the base of the stem.  Glumes subovate, obtuse, nearly white; mid-
rib  scarcely  distinct.   Stigmas  3,  slightly  feathered, glandular.
Seed crowned with a very small 3 angled tubercle.  Bristles glandu-
lar, as long as the  seed.
  Grows in wet places, bogs, &c.  Has some affinity to S. capillaceus,
but differs much in size, and by its  obtuse spike and Mumcs  Re-
sembles S. tuberculatus in size and appearance, but differ! in the seed.
  Flowers through the summer.
   4. FlLIFORMIS.
   S. spica cylindrica, ob-
longa,   obtusa,  squamis
subrotimdis ;   seminibus,
   Spike cylindric, oblong,
obtuse,  with  the scales
nearly   round  ;   seeds 
TRIANDRIA M0N0GYN1A-
77
naked  at  the  summit;
stems filiform, terete.
vertice nudis; culmis fili-
formibus,teretibus.  Vahl.
Enum. pl. 2. p. 2$%.
   Pursh, 1. p. 54.                               #.
  Grows in wet places, ditches, &c. from New-Jersey to Carolina
Pursh.
  Flowers July—August.
   5.  Palustris.
   S. culmo tereti, striato,
nitido ;   spica  oblongo-
lanceolata;  glumis*  sub-
obtusis; semine obovato,
compresso,  glabro;   se-
tulis scabris.   E.
                               Stem columnar, striate,
                            shining;  spike  oblong-
                            lanceolate ; glumes some-
                            what obtuse ;  seed obo-
                            vate, a li|tle compressed,
                            glabrous*;   bristles  sca-
                            brous.
    Sp. pl. 1. p. 291. Pursh, 1. pA 54.

  Root  creeping, perennial.  .Stem  1—2  feet high, very glabrous.
Leaf 0, but generally 3 sheaths enclose the stem ;  the interior 6—8
inches long, glabrous, obliquely truncate,  toothed at  the summit,
closed; the 2 exterior loose, marcescent, much shorter.  Spike often
oblique.  Glumes oblong-ovate, midrib green, margins membranous.
Seed crowned with a compressed conical tubercle, a little smaller than
the  germ.  Bristles 3—4, longer than the germ, roughened with
small teeth ? bent backwards.
  Grows in rice fields, fresh marshes, &c.
  Flowers April—May.                        Bog Scirpus.
   6.  Geniculatus.
   S. spica ovato-oblonga,
squamis  ovato-subrotun-
dis ; culmis teretibus, ap-
proximate   interstinctis.
Vahl. Enum. pl. 2. p. 250.
   Sp. pl, 1. p. 291.  Pursh, 1. p. 55.
  Grows on the sea shore of South-Carolina
  Flowers July.
   Spike   ovate-oblong,
scales  ovate and nearly
round ;    stems  terete,
growing in distinct clus-
ters.
Pursh.
  7.  Capitatus.
  S.    culmo  subtereti,
sulcato;  spica obtusissi-
   Stem nearly columnar,
furrowed; spike obtusely 
78
TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
me  ovata;  semine obo
vato, compresso.   E.
ovate ;    seed  obovate,
compressed.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 95.  Pursh, 1. p. 55 ?  Walt p. 70.  Clayton.
  Stem erect, 8—18 inches high, glabrous, inflated.   LeafO; a mar-
cescent sheath about 1 inch long clothing the base ot the stem.  Spike
very obtuse, sometimes  nearly globose,  Glumes round, coriaceous,
the midrib at first green, then with the sides rufous, margins  mem-
branous.  Tubercle compressed, ovate, equalling, or longer than  the
germ, smaller than the mature seed. Bristles 6, as long as the glumes,
scabrous.
  Grows in bogs and damp soils.  Found in abundance in spots  oc-
casionally overflowed with salt water.
  Flowers through the summer.          Round-headed Scirpus
                                  t                    ',

  8. Tuberculatus.   Mich.
   S. culmo tereti, striato;
glumis  obtusissimis, laxe
appressis ;   semine  sub-
triquetro,  tuberculo  sa-
gittate seipso majore, co-
ronato.
   Stem columnar, striate;
glumes very obtiise,loose-
ly appressed; seed some-
what 3 angled;   tubercle
sagittate, larger than the
seed.
  Stem about 12 inches high, sheathed at base with one or two mem-
branous marcescent scales, 1—2 inches long.  Spike ovate-lanceolate.
Glumes nearly round, with the margin scarious, midrib green.  Sta-
mens 2? Tubercle much larger than the germ, as large as the mature
seed.  Seed striate.  Bristles 6, as long as the tubercle, glandular,
feathered.
  Grows in damp and wet soils.
  Flowers July—August.
   9. QuAliRANGULATUS.
   S. culmo  acute quad-
rangulato, lateribus tribus
concavis, uno latiore, pia-
no ;   spica  cilyndrica ;
glumis obtusissimis.
Mich.
   Stem acutely four an-
 gled, three sides concave,
 one  wider,  flat;  spike
 cylindrical;  glumes very
 obtuse.
   Mich. 1. p. 30.  Pursh, 1. p. 55.

  Root creeping, perennial.   Stem  erect, 1-2 feet high, glabrous,
the sides  sometimes all unequal in width; clothed at base with 2
membranous sheaths; the interior 3-4 inches long,closed the ex-
tenor 1-2 inches  long, open, marcescent.  SpikedSi ofmore 
TRIANDRIA  MONOGVNlA.             79
long, cylindrical.  Glumes nearly round, the midrib green,  sides
ferruginous, the margins scarious.  Filaments 3, very short.  Style
a little dilated at base, scarcely forming a tubercle.  JBristles 3, seta-
ceous, longer than the g^fm.
  Grows in swamps and bogs.  In rice fields it becomes a very inju-
rious ijniruder, as its thick creeping roots occupy tj»e ground,and per-
mit nothing to grow where they extend. This  is a very different
plant from the S. tenuis of Muni. Cat.
  Flowers April—May.                   Four-angled Scirpus.
   10.  Equisefoides.   E.
   S. spiqa cylindrica, ter-
minali, squamis obtusissi-
mis ;  culmis   teretibus,
duplicato-articulatis.   E.
   Spike  cylindrical, ter-
minal, scales very obtuse;
stems    terete,   doubly
jointed.
  Stem erect, 18—24 inches high, terete, glabrous^ slightly roughened
over the whole surface with small tubercles depressed in the middle,
distinctly jointed at intervals of  Hor2 inches, with several  ob-
scure intermediate joints, clothed at base with 2 glabrous sheaths, and
terminating in a cylindrical spike an inch long.  Scales  very obtuse,
scarious along the margin, with a purple border just below the mem-
branous margins.  Stifle 2 cleft, forming at base a slender tubercle
nearly the size of the germ.
  This plant, excepting that it wants stipules, bears at  first sight so
striking a resemblance to the Equisetum hyemale, that at the sugges-
tion of Dr. Macbride I have derived  its name from this circumstance.
With the preceding species it might form a distinct section ; the struc-
ture of their spikes and flowers are so peculiar and so exactly alike.
  For specimens of this plant I am indebted to the Rev. Mr. Lewis de
Schweinitz of Salem, North-Carolina, who collected it near Fayette-
ville in that state.  It was recognized immediately by Dr.  Macbride
as an  inhabitant of St. Johns.   It grows on the eastern edge of the
 fiublic road, in water, seven or eight rods to the south of Frierson's
 ock, Santee Canal.
  Flowers June.


   ** Spicis pluribus.           ** Spikes numerous.
     a. aphyllis.           j        a. without leaves.
11   Debilis.   Muhl. Cat.
   S. culmo triquetro, e-
recto ;   spiculis  paucis,
aggregatis, sessilibus, ter-
minalibus; glumis  mem-
   Stem  3 angled, erect;
spikes  few,   aggregate,
sessile, terminal; gu:nes
membranaceous, mucro-
branaceis,   mucronatis ; |*nate ; involucrum  erect.
involucro  erecto.   E.
  Pursh, 1. p. 55 ? 
80             TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
  Root p-erennial, cespitose.  Stem 12-18  inches high, obtaaely 3
angled, glabrous, with 1-3 sheaths, loose at base, and slighty^ mu
cronate8 J«r0/«crttm 8-S inches  long, erect   Spikes gene^S,
ovate.  GWs ovate, membranous, somewhat inflated, "™c™»te.
Seed obovate, flattened on one side, transversejy striate, pointed with
the persistent style.-  Bristles 6 ? longer than the seed.
  Grows in the upper country.   Brought from Greenville .by Mr,

MFlowers September.                   Weak-stalked Scirpus.
12.  Americanus.   Persoon.
   Stem  3  tingled,  sides
concave ;  spikes  ovate,
lateral, sessile ; seed acu-
minate.
   S. culmo triquetro, la-
teribus  concavis;  spicis
ovatis, lateralibus, sessili-
bus ;  semine acuminato.
E.
   Pursh, 1. p. 55.  S. triqueter, Mich. 1. p. 30.
   S. mucronatus, Walt. p. 70.
  Root thick, creeping.  Stem 2—3 feet high, glabrous, the sides'con-
cave, margins entire.  Sheaths 1—3, 2—3 inches long, acute, keeled,
sheathing the base of the stem.  Spikes ovate, 6—8 clustered on each
stem.   Glumes ovate, ferruginous, with the margins scarious.  Seed
oBbvate, flat on one side, convex on the  other, with the apex acumi-
nate, not tubercled.  Bristles  6, glandular,  hairy, longer  than the
germ.
  This appears to be an intermediate species between S. triqueter and
mucronatus.  It differs from the former, by its  concave sides  and
sessile spikes ;  from the latter, by its erect stem and Small number of
spikes.
  Grows in damp soils.  Very common.
  Flowers through the summer.
   Without leaves; spikes
oblong, scales entire, acu-
minate ; stem 3 angled.
   13. Mucronatus.
   S. aphyllus,  spicis ob-
longis, squamis  integer-
rimis, mucronato-acumi-
natis; culmo   triquetro.
Vahl. Enum. 2. p. 256.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 303.  Pursh, 1. p. 55.

  Stem with the angles compressed, the summit much longer than the
flowers, and bent to one side.  Linn.
  Grows in swamps and  salt marshes, from Canada to Carolina
Pursh.
  Flowers August.             W      ^ 
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNlA*             81
   14.  Lacustris.
   S. aphyllus, spicis  ob-
longis,  squamis * glabris.
mucronatis; stvlis trifi'lis;
umbella    decomposita;
culmo   tereti.      Vahl.
Enum. pl. 2.  p. 267.
  Without leaves; spikes
oblong, scales  glabrous,
mucronate  ;    styles   3
cleft ;   umbels  decom-
pound ;  stem terete.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 296.  Mich. 1. p. 31.  Pursh, 1. p. 55.
           4
  Stem erect, 4—12 feet high, sometimes from 1 to 2 inches in diamev
ter, glabrous, glaucous, striate.  Spikes numerous, ovate, umbellete,
frequently 3 or 4 clustered together on the summits of the peduncles.
Common involucrum 2 leaved, unequal, apparently formed by the ex-
tension* of the stem, shorter than the umbel.  Glumes lanceolate., a
little ptaited at the summit, ciliate.   Style  long, 2 cleft.   Seed obo-
vate, plano-convex, smooth, pointed with the persistent style.  Bris*
ties 6, longer tlian the seed, with small teeth bent backwards.
  This  description perhaps belongs to  the following species, yet the
scales, though slightly fringed and a little roughened, are never vil-
lous
  Grows generally in the marshy margins of rivers.  Near the mouth
of Savannah river I have seen the largest specimens.
  Flowers through the summer.           Large marsh Scirpus*
   15. Validus.
   S. aphyllus, spicis ova-
to-oblongis; squamis dor-
so villosis ; stylis biiidis ;
umbella   decomposita  ;
involucro brevissimo  a-
pice tereti.   Vahl. Enum.
pl. 2. p.  268.
   Pursh, 1. p. 56.
  Grows in lakes and ponds, from Canada to Carolina;.
  Flowers August.
   Leafless;  spikes ovate
oblong ;  scales villous on
the back;  styles 2 cleft j
umbel  decompound;  in-
volucrum    very   short,
terete at the summit. 
£2
TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
I
*** Stem leafy at base.
   *** Culmis ad basin
foliosis.*
   16. Minimus.
   S. spicis ovatis, acutis,
subsolitariis ;  culmis  fo-
liisque  capillaribus,. cur-
vatis.   Vahl.  Enum.  pl.
2. p. 253.
   Pursh, 1. p. 55.
  Grows in  wet sandy fields, and near ponds, from Virginia to Caro-
lina.  Pursh.
  Flowers July.
   Spikes  ovate,  acute^
frequently solitary;  stem
and leaves capillary, curv-
ed.
   17.  Autumnalis.
   S.  culmo- compresso,
ancipiti;  spiculis  lanceo-
latis.   E.
   Stem  compressed,  2
edged;  spikelets  larice^
olate.
   Sp. pl. l.p. 301.   Pursh, 1. p. 37.
   S. mucronulatus, Mich. l.p. 31.
  Root annual ? Stem erect, 8—10 inches high, very much compress-
ed, finely serrulate along the margins near the summit.  Leave* linear,
acute, flat, slightly channelled, serrulate near the point, as long as the
stem; the throat of the sheath slightly bearded.  Umbels compound.
Spikes  small, lanceolate, a little rough.   Glumes lanceolate, acute,
slightly mucronate, and the summits after flowering slightly reflexed.
Style 3 cleft.  Seed 2  angled, glabrous.
  Grows in damp soils.  Very common.
  Flowers August—October.   Autumnal or flat-stemmed Scirpus.


   18.  ClLIATIFOLIUS.   E.
   S. culmo tereti, striato;
foliis linearibus, canalicu-
lars, ciliatis;  spicis ova-
tis,   acutis;   involucro
brevissimo.   E.
   S. capillaris ?  Muhl. Cgt.

  * Tn this division I have found no bristle kii^~,,,„j-   ...
species from the.r fimbriate, decrtuow * es  h?vebX llt^'  8°me °f M*
genus Funbmtylis. But  it is doubtful whether thl.,K   * e ^constitute the
specific distinctions, and whether they doM^ZS^*™ afford more tha*
by habit.                    y     separate specxes most closely allied
  Stem columnar, striate;
leaves linear, channelled,
ciliate;  spikes  ovate,  a-
cute;  involucrum  very
short. 
                TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.             83

  Root annual ? Stem 6—8 inches high, very slender.  Leaves linear,
channelled, striate, ciliate, margins rough, nearly as long as the stem;
sheath openait base, a little contracted at the throat, ciliate.  Stipules
bearded.   Umbels  compound.  The leaf of the involucrum half the
length of the umbel, the others very minute.  Spikes ovate-lanceolate,
acute, small.  Glumes lanceolate, acute, with a shortpoint.  Stigmas
2.  Seed obovate, 3 angled, finely furrowed transversely, and crowned
with a small tubercle.
  In this species the leaves are ciliate, not serrulate, the spikes acute,
and the glumes glabrous, entire.   In its general appearance aud size
it resembles S. autumnalis.
  Grows in damp  soils.  Two miles from Beaufort, near the main
road.        •
  Flowers September—October.           Fringe-leaved Scirpus.
   19.  Stenopiiyllus.   E.
   S. culmo filiformi,  ob-
tuse triquetro ; foliis  se-
taceis ; involucro 4 phyl-
lo, prselongo ;  spicis  ag-
gregatis;   glumis  longe
mucronatis.   E.
   20.  COARCTATUS.   E.
   S. umbella  composita,
coarctata;  spicis  parvu-
lis, lineari-lanceolatis; in-
kivolucro  setaceo foltolo
   Stem filiform, obtusely
3 angled ; leaves setace-
ous ; involucrum 4 leaved,
very long ;   spikes clus-
tered ;  glumes  mucro-
nate.
    Umbel     compound,
crowded;  spikes  small,
linear-lanceolate ;  invo-
lucrum  setaceous, with
   Dichroma csespitosum, Muhl. Cat.
  Root fibrous, annual.   Stem erect and  procumbent, 3—4 inches
high,  glabrous, obtusely 3  square, growing in small  dense tufts.
Leaves few, setaceous, somewhat  3 angled, roughened along the
edge, nearly as long as the stem, hairy  at the throat of the sheath.
Spikes generally 6 flowered, (4—6) sessile, clustered, terminal.  In-
volucrum 4 leaved, unequal, nearly as long as  the stem ; a smaller
leaf generally guards the base of each spike.  Glumes lanceolate, acu«
minate, mucronate, keele\l ;  the keel roughened, terminating in a
long point,  slightly  reflexed,  green,  the margins  ferruginous.
Stamen 1 ? Style 3 cleft.   Seed 3 angled, transversely striate, crown-
ed with a very small tubercle.
  Grows  in  dry  sandy  soils.  Around Beaufort, common.  James
Island.
  Flowers July—September.             Thread-leaved Scirpus. 
84            TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA,
longiore
?  i
one of  its leaves longer
than the  unibsl* leaves
tiliform,concaveon i side.
uno  umbella
foliis   liliformibus,  hinc
concavis.   E.
   S. castaneus* Muhl. Cat.
  Stem filiform,  1  foot high, generally lending.
sheaths open, the beard of the throat long.
spikes on each branch,  one general! v sessile
lucrum manv leaved, leaves  setaceous, scabrous along the margins, a
little hairy at base : one only longer than the umbel.  Glumes ovate-
lanceolate, a little'pointed,  near the summit margined with a very
short fringe, ferruginous; the midrib prominent,  greenish.   Hyle
deeply 3 cleft.  Seed obovate, 3 angled, with  little or no tubercle.
  This has usually been considered as the S. castaneus of Michau*
but it is certainly a different plant.           *
  Grows in very dry sandy soils.  Around Beaufort, common.
  Flowers September—October.
            Leaves  glabrous.
       Umbel compound, 3—4
sessTle in the division  lnvo-
oblong,
   Spikes  ovate
obtuse ;    involucrum  2
leaved, rigid, as  long as
the  compound umbel.
   21. Castaneus.   Mich.
  S. spicis ovato-oblongis,
obtusis; involucro diphyl-
lo, rigido, umbellam sub-
compositam    sequante.
Vahl.
   Mich. 1. p. 31.
   Fimbristylis castaneum, Vahl. Enum. pl. 2. p. 92.
  Stem nearly terete, striate.  Radical leaves very narrow, long,
erect,somewhat rigid.  Umbel terminal, surrounded with several erect
bracteas; branches 1—4 spiked.  Spikes ovate,  nearly round, of a
dark chesnut colour.  Scales  nearly orbicular, few.  Styles fimbriate,
Sclett.  Mich.
   Grow^in Florida, Mich.—in Carolina, Pursh.
   Flowers July.
   22. Spadiceus.
   S. spicis ovaio-lanceo-
latis;  involucro  rigido,
foliolo uno umbellam su-
perante;  foliis subulatis,
semiteretibus, striatis.  E.
                              Spikes  ovate-lanceo.-
                          late;   involucrum  rigid,
                          with one leaf longer than
                          the umbel;   leaves subu-
                           late,   somewhat   terete,
                         | striate.
Sp. pl. 1. p. S05.
FUabristylis spadiceum, Vahl. Enum. pl. 2. p. 294,  Pursh  1. p. 49. 
TRIANDRIA  MONOGVNIA.               85
  Root forming a thick, compact tuft.  Stems crowded, 2—3 feet high,
nearly round at base.  Leaves 12—18 inches high, 1 line in diameter,
concave on the interior surface, margins a little rough, sheathing the
base of the stem in two rows ; sheaths dilated; throat of the  sheath
without hair.  Umbel  as  in the succeeding species.  Leaves of the
involucrum subulate, one twice as long as the umbel, scarcely rough-
ened along their margins.  Glumes nearly round,  rigid, glabrous.
Style fimbriate, 2 cleft, deciduous.
  Grows along the margins of salt water.   This has generally been
confounded with the succeeding species; it differs essentially in its
leaves, and grows in dense bunches, like the Juncus effusus.  It forma
a great part of our salt rushes, and is probably confined to the neigh-
bourhood of the ocean.
  Flowers through the summer.               Salt-water Rush.

  The figure  in Sloan, (vol. 1. tab. 76. f. 2.) represents this species
remarkable well; the spikes are not in this figure, nor have they ever
appeared to me, terete as described by Vahl.
   23.  Ferrugineus.
   S.  culmo  compresso,. 1.    Stem  compressed, an-
angulis superne  scabris; I  gles   near   the  summit
foliis concavis ; involucro   scabrous; leaves concave,
insequaliter ciliato ;  spi-   those of the  involucrum
cis  rotundato-lanceolatis.   unequally ciliate;  spikes
E                              lanceolate, nearly  round.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 304.  S. puberulus* Mich.  1. p. 31.
   Fimbristylis puberulum, Vahl. Enum. pl. 2. p. 289.  Pursh, I. p. 49.

  Stem  almost solitary, firmly erect, 1—3 feet high, somewhat com-
pressed  ; angles near the summit irregularly roughened.  Leaves
erect, 1  foot long, 3 lines wide, coriaceous, concave, with the maigin
cartilaginous, serrulate ;  throat of the  sheath furnished wih a short
fringe;  the leaves  sheath each other as if two rowed (distichous). *
Umbels  compound, 3—7 spikes on each branch, one commonly ses-
sile in the division of the branches.  Involucrum like the leaves, the
margins irregularly and sharply ciliate;  one  leaf longer than the um-
bel, the  partial involucrums shorter than  the  small umbel.   Glumes
nearly round, coriaceous, riy;id, with  a short point, pubescent and
fringed, uniformly ferruginous.  Style 2  cleft, fimbriate, deciduous.
Stigmas plumose, white.  Seed obovate, compressed, acute at each
end.
  In this species many of the lower glumes are sterile.
  Grows along the margins of salt water, but is not confined to such
soils.  Louisville, Georgia.   Mr. Jackson.
  Flowers through the summer.         Downy-flowered Scwpusl 
Stf             TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
   24.  Sulcatus.   E.
   S. spicis ovato-laneeo-
iatis,interdum acuminatis;
umbella composita invo-
lucrum subsequante ; se-
mine longitudinaliter sul-
cato.
    Spikes  ovate-lanceo-
late,  sometimes  acumi-
nate ;  umbel  compound,
as  long as the  involu-
crum  ;   seed  longitudi-
nally  furrowed.
  Stem about 1 foot high, terete, glabrous.  Leaves as  long as the
etem, concave, glabrous, finely serrulate.  Umbel small, with some of
the branches occasionally divided.  Leaves of the  involucrum very
©mall, subulate.  Spikes  long, ovate-lanceolate.  Glumes membrana-
ceous, not rigid, scarcely coloured, slightly mucronate.  Styles 2 cleft.
Stigmas slightly feathered.  Seed obovate,  compressed, deeply fur-
rowed longitudinally with  very slight transverse furrows.  The
edges of the seed, and a small circle near the summit, toothed by tu-
bercles.  Bristles 0.
  The glumes drop off as  the seed ripens, leaving the base of ,the radios
naked.
  For my first knowledge of this plant I was indebted to Dr. Baldwin,
who sent me specimens from Savannah.  1 have since found it near
Charleston.
  Grows in damp soils.
  Flowers August—September.              Furrowed Scirpus.
**** Stems leafy.
   Stem 3 angled; panicle
clustered, leafy; terminal
glumes Diucronate, lace*
rate, 3 cleft.
   ****  Culmis foliosis.
   25.  Maritimus.
  S. culmo triquetro; pan-
icula conglobata,foliacea;
glumis terminalibus mu-
cronatis,  laceris,  trifidis.
Smith, Fl. Brit. l.  p. 56.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 306. Mich. 1. p.
   S. robvstus, Pursh, 1. p. 56.

  Stem 3—4 feet high, acute, 3 angled.  Leaves 2—4 feet Ion*, sca-
brous, serrulate, channelled.  Panicle terminal, clustered, 4-6^3
Sn  ?%      F!+,Un+CUl^te,5 Spikef veT large, ovate.  Scales ovate,
all of them a little toothed near the summit, the midrib extending to
along reflexed  awn, dark chesnut.  Filaments 3,  persistent.  Seed
3 angled, obovate, glabrous, tapenng at base, and armed with a small
point at the summit, the remains of the decaying stvle

SavW.in b,aCkiSh mar8k'S  LiUle °geChee gridW7* miles from
32.
Flowers May—Junej
Maritime Scirpus. 
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.             Sf
26. Exaltatu«.  Pursh.
   S.  spicis  brevi-ovatis,
congestis;  umbella com-
posita ;  involucro folioso
umbellam superante;  in-
volucellis brevissimis.  E
  Spikes short ovate, clus-
tered ; umbel compound;
involucrum leafy, longer
than the umbel; small in-
volucrums very short.
   Pursh, 1. p. 56.  S. brutfneus, Muhl. Cat.
  Stem obtusely 3 angled.  Leaves long, 3—4 lines wide, glabrous,
■finely and sharply serrulate.  Invo'ucrum many leaved, resembling
the leaves of the stem.  Small involucrums very minute or wanting.
(Scales of the caZya; rhomboidal, keeled, mucronate, coloured. Pursh.)
  Varies, b. viviparus with a stem very tall,  somewhat scandent;
umbels viviparous, bearing flowers at the base of the branches.  Pursh;
  Grows in shady woods.  New-York to Carolina.  The viviparous
variety frequently attains the height often feet and upwards.  Purslu
  Flowers July—August,
   27. NlTENS.
   S.  spicis  ovatis, pedi-
cillatis;   corymbis  sub-
compositis,    axillaribus
terminalibusque ; culmo
tereti.   Vahl. Enum.  pl.
2. p.  272.
   Pursh,  1. p. 56.
  Grows in Virginia and Carolina.  Pursh;
  Flowers July.
   Spikes ovate,  pedicel-
late ;  corymbs generally
compound,  axillary  and
terminal : stem terete.
   28. Lineatus.  Mich.
   S.  culmo triquetro, fo-
lioso  ;  umbellis  decom-
poses, terminalibus late-
ralibusque,   suberectis  ;
spiculis ovatis ;   squamis
lanceolatis,  subcarinatis.
E.
  Stem  3 angled, leafy ;
umbels decompound, ter-
minal and lateral, some-
what erect; spikelets o-
vate;  scales  lanceolate,
slightly keeled.
Mich. 1. p. 32.  Pursh, 1. p. 56.
S. pendulus f Muhl. Cat.
Tnchophorum liueatum, Persoon,l.p.691. 
$s
TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA,
 ■ Stem 2-3 feet high, glabrous, 3 angled, leafy,  Leaves rather ong,.
and somewhat lanceolate, slightly channelled, with margins j»"™££ >
■heath  loose but closed :  stipules 0   Flower* in «»»a7ertt™»k'
common peduncle  much  longer than the  sheath,  blender, weak.
Glumes ferruginous, pointed by the green .midrib.   Stamps o. style
S cleft.  Seeds 3 angled, naked.                               .
  1 can perceive no difference between this plant  and a specimen ot
the S. pendulus sent me from Lancaster by Dr Muhlenberg himself.
In both, even the umbels are erect.  It is therefore probable from its
slender peduncles, thai the flowers which are at first erect, become
pendulous with age.                           ..*>.'  • ^ r«
  Grows in damp soils, pine barrens, &c.  Found in Georgia.  Or,.
Baldwin.                                             .
  Flowers June—August.                       LmfU Scirpus^
   29.  DlVARICATUS.   E.
   S. culmo obtuse trique-
tro ; umbellis decomposi-'
tis, divaricatis; spicis ova-
libus,  pendulis.    E.
Stem
          obtusely  3  an-
          umbels  decom-
pound, divaricate;  spikes
oval, pendulous,
gled
  Stem erect, 3—4 feet high, glabrous.  Leaves 6—14 inches long,
S—4 lines wide, flat, glabrous, with the margins  finely  serrulate;
sheath at base short, scarcely one inch long, closed.  Stipule 0.  Um-
bel large, decompound, terminal; branches crowded, divaricate, pen-
dulous.  Glumes ovate, acute, slightly keeled, glabrous, the  midrib
green, the sides white.  Style 3 cleft.  Seed acutely 3 angled, acute
at each end.
  Grows in the pine barren between Bee's Creek and  Purysburgh.*
  Flowers May—June.                    Divaricate Scirpus.-
   30.  POLYPHYLLUS.
   S.  spicis  capituJisque
subglobosis,  glome rails ;
corymbo terminali;  cul-
mo folioso.  Vahl. Enum.
pl. 2. p. 274.
   Pursh, 1. p. 57.
  Grows in shady woods.   Virginia and Caroling
  Flowers July.
   Spikes and heads near-
ly  globose,   clustered;
corymb   terminal;  stem
leafy. 
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA*             $9
   81. ScHCENOlDES\   E.
   S.  culmo  triquetro;
paniculis    decompositis.
axillaribus  terminalibus-
que, pendulis ;   spiculis
fasciculatis  ; semine obo-
vato, rugoso, setulis  ob-
vallato.    E.
   Stem 3 angled ; pani-
cles decompound,  axilla-
ry  and  terminal, pendu-
lous ; spikelets clustered;
seed  obovate,   rugose,
guarded by bristles.
  Stem  2—3 feet high, 3 angled, glabrous.  Leaves linear, short*
Panicles almost naked, the bracteal leaves being very short.  Spikelets
ovate-lanceolate, very numerous, nearly sessile, clustered.  Glumes
ovate, mucronate, ferruginous.  Stamens 3.  Style very long, 3 cleft*
Seed obovate, compressed, transversely rugose, ferruginous, crowned
with a conic, white tubercle, and surrounded with bristles longer than
itself.

  This species is somewhat remarkable.  The structure of the flowed
Is strictly that of a Scirpus ; the  spikes contain many glumes, each
covering a  seed with its usual appendages ; yet the seed, the  tuber-
cle, the surrounding bristles all resemble those of a Sc  cenus;  and
the plant itself in habit and,appearance would occupy an intermediate
space between the Sch. expansus and caducus.
  Found near Savannah by Dr. Baluwin.
  Flowers                                 Spiked Scirpujjp,
DICHROMENA.  Mich.
   Gluma? undique imbri-
catse,  interiores  tan turn
fertiles.   Corolla 0.   Se-
men l, nudum.
   Glumes  imbricate  on
all sides, the interior on-
ly  fertile.    Corolla  0.
Seed 1, naked.
1. Leucocephala.   Mich.
   D.  involucro   subtri-
phyllo  inferne  capitulo-
que candidis.   Mich.  1.
p. 37.
   Pursh, 1  p. 47.
   Scirpus cephalotes, Walt. p. 7%
   Involucrum somewhat
3 leaved,  white  at base ;
head white. 
90
trtandria jhonogwia.
   Root creeping, perennial.  Stem erect, about a toot high, naked, 6
 angled.   Leaves linear, concave, not channelled, glabrous, shorter
 than tlie stem, sheathing its base.  Flowers in a terminal head  com-
 posed of many sessile, compressed, small heads ; of th»  small heads
 6—10 of the inner  flowers are f-rtile.  Involucrum 6  leaved, 3 ex-
 terior Ions, all similar to the leaves,  white  near the ba e.  Gluma
 small, lanceolate, sli-hly mucronate, membranous,  a lit!!.-  compress-
 ed, white.  Filaments 3.  Style deeply 2 cleft.  S*ed obovate,  com-
 pressed, rugose, crowned with a triangular tubercle.
1  Grows in damp soils.
   Flowers July—October.            Wdte-headed Dichromena.
   2. ClLlAT*.
   ]).  involucro  foliisque
basi ciliatis;  spiculis ob-
longis,  attenuatis.   Vti-
     , 1. p. 58.
soon
   Involucrum  and leaves
ciliate at  base  : spikelets
oblong  tapering.
Pursh, 1. p. 47.
Grows in inundated places in Georgia and Florida.  Purshi
Flowers July.
3. Latipolt\.   Baldwin.
   D. involucro polvphyl-
lo, majus'-ulo, foliis  albi-
dis; capitulis compressis;
foliis  prselongis,  culmum
luxe vaginantibus.
  Involucrum many leav-
ed, large, with the leaves
white;  heads compress-
ed ;   leaves   very   long,
loosely   sheathing   the
stem.
  Root horizontal, creeping, perennial.  Stem commonlv 9—18 inches
high, terete, glabrous, leafy near the base.  Leaves 1—2 feet lon°-,
glabrous, acute, concave, slightly marked by the midrib; sheaths ionl,
closed, those, however, ot the exterior radical  leaves split by  aae to
t.e base, and  become  open and flat.  Involucrum  with about ten
leaves, longer than  the capitulum;  the  exterior  leaves as  usual
the largest; leaves ovate-lanceolate, with a long tapering point* 
TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.              fli
and excepting the point, white.  Capitulum  composed of many,
email, compressed heads.  Glumes ovue, compressed, rather acute,
but not mucronate, very white.  S amens 3.  The mature seed I havfe
not seen.
  For specimens, and observations on this specie;- I am indebted to
Dr. Baldwin, who found it in M'lntosh county, Georgia, and in Flori-
da.
  Grows around the margins of ponds and in low pine barrens.
  Flowers May—June.

  This genus is nearls allied to Scirpus ; its seed without bristles, ttp'
outer glumes sterile, are accidents that occur in many species of Scir-
pus.  Tn habit principally it appears  to diMer, forming  always one
terminal, sessile head, by  the aggregation of many smaller heads.
TRICHOPHORUM.   Persoon.
  Spicula subovatse, squa-
mis  undique  hnbricatis.
Seminis   setulje   capilli-
formes, demum exsertae,
uuiuero definito sex.
   1  Cypkuinum.
   T.  culmo  obtuse  tri-
quetro, foiioso;  panicula
supradecomposita,  pro-
lifera; spiculis subternis.
 Spikriets ovate, imbricate
on  all  sides, with scales.
Bristles of the  seed hairy,
longer than the  glumes,
6 in number.

   Stem  obtusely 3  an-
gled,  leafy; pa:  icle su-
pradecompound,  prolife-
rous ;  spikelets generally
by threes.
   Persoon, 1. p. 69.
   Pursh, 1. p 57.
   Eriophorum cyperinum,  Sp. pl. 1. p. 313..
   Walt, p. 71.
   Big. p. 16.
   Scirpus eriophorum, Mich. 1. p. 33.

  Root perennial.  Stem 2—5 feet huh, glabrous.  Leaves 0—% fo»*
long, 3—4 lines wide, slightly channelled, witiithe mar0ia a&U a.:.r- 
Dfc              TRUNDRU  MONOGYNIA.
rib scabrous; sheaths glabrous, closed, half the length of the  joints*.
stipule only a membranous margin.  Glumes lanceolate, acute, entire*
glabrous.  Stamens 3.  Style 2 o  3 cleft.  Seed 3 angled, compressed^
surrounded by 6 bristles a little longer than the glumes.

  Grows in damp and boggy soils.
  Flowers July—November.

  This plant appears to be sufficiently distinct from Eriophorum.  It
has great affinity to some of the leafy stemmed  species  of Scirpus,
and may with them yet constitute a distinct genus.  No character has
however been found which will comprehend them all; and Michaux,
was perhaps correct wheu he placed tins plant among the Scirpi,
ERIOPHORUM.   Gen. pl. 95.
Semen 1, lanalon-
   Glunue paleacese, un-
dique imbricatse.   Corol-
la 0.
gissima cinctum.
   I. VlRGINICUM.
   E.  culmo  tereti, foli-
oso  ; foliis  planis ;  spicis
congestis,  subsessilibus,
involucro     brevioribus.
Vahl. Enum.pl. 2. p.31*0.
   Glumes  chaffy, imbr£
cate on all sides.   Corol-
la o.  Seed 1, surrounded
with  very long wool.

    Stem  terete,  leafy;
leaves  flat;  spikes  clus-
tered, nearly sessile,shor-
ter than the involucrum►
  Sp.pl. 1. p. 313.  Mich. 1. p. 34.  Walt. p. 71.

  F'.ot perennial.   Stem  3—4 feet high, glabrous.  Leaven few, lie-
ear, slightly  channelled, with  the keel and margin  scabrous; the
sheath at base closed.  Fi>wr» in an erect globose head  Involucrum
with about three unequal leaves, longer than the head.  Scales of the
ea'ux ovate,.acute.   (Stame s 2. Mich.)  Seed compressed,  oblong,
obovate, pointed with the persistent style,  and surrounded by hairfr
8—10 lines long.                                       J
  Grows in bogs,  &c.  Rare along the  sea coast.  Sent from Sfc
Stephens by Dr. Macbride.                                  *
  Flowers August-September.          Virginian Eriophortm? 
TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNIA»             96
CENCHRUS.   GtN. pl. 1574.
  Involucrum laciniatum,
eehinatum, 3—-4 florum.
Calyx  2-valvis,  3-florus.
Corolla 2-valvis,  mutica.
Stylus  bifidus.
   1.  ECHINATUS.
   C. spica oblonga,  con-
glomerata
involucro
subgloboso,    10-partito.
Persoon,  l. p. 71.
   Involucrum  laciniate^
echinaje, 3—-4 flowered.
Calyx  2 valved,  3 flow-
ered.   Corolla 2  valved,
unawned.   style 2 cleft

   Spike  oblong, cluster*
ed ;  involucrum  nearly
globose,  10 parted.
Sp. pl. 1. p. 317.
Grows in Georgia.
Muhl. Cat.
  The many opportunities Dr.  Muhlenberg enjoyed  of examining
tollections of plants from every  part of the United States, his great
sagacity and profound knowledge, render his authority so great, that
I shall never hesitate to register among our own plants any  species
which has the sanction of his name.  There appears, however, to be
some confusion between this and the next species, which I have not
the means of removing.  Willdenow, under the C. tribuloides, quotes
the Flora Virginica, but under the C. echinatus, he has placed every
synonyme which Gronovius has applied to the former species.
   Spike clustered; invo-
lucrum  globose,  villous,
armed with spines.
   2.  Tribuloides.
   C. spica glomerata; in-
volucris globosis, villosis,
muricato-spinosis.    Sp.
pl. 1, p. 317.

    Mich. 1. p. 61.—Pursh 1. p. 60.
    Clayt. p. 160. No. 206.

  Root annual. Stem erect, 1 foot high, compressed, glabrous, somdfc
times branching.  Leaves about 6 inches long, acute, channelled, witft 
94
TRIANDRIA M0N0GYNH.
the margins finely serrulate, scabrouson the upper "^f*™*
on thefower- sheath  open, eenerallv  twice as long as tne joins,
hairv"alon- he matins and'at the contracted throat.  Rachis an, ed,
r,S  oarTicula.lv at the  an.les.   Involucrum  one  valved ? split on
^Tn'tirio  me, containing generally 1 euh x ?  somet.mes 2.  to**
2 valved  2 flowered.   1 fertile, the other sterile,'  unequal, shorter,
thin the corolla; exterior  valve shorter, gibbous at base, acute gla-
bous, 7 nerved, concave, noi  keeled;  the interior concave, acute, 5
nerved.   Corolla of the hermaphrodite flower 2 valved :  the exterior
ralve acute, 9 nerved, infolding the interior: interior valve smaller, id-
folding the stamens and germ,  concave, 2 nerved,  impressed on the
back :  corolla of the sterile flower I valved. conca e, acute,2 nerved,
                    ■filaments 3, transparent.  Styles 2 ? slightly co.
Seed oval, covered by th«|
infolding the stamens.  I
hering.  Stigmas glandular, feathered
persistent glumes and involucrum.
  Grow s in sandv pastures.   Most abundant along the sea coast.
  Flowers July—October.                   Cockspuv bur,
SPARTINA.   Schreber.
   Flores in  spicis unila-
terifloris.    Calyx  2-val-
vis, insequalis,  carinatus
3-florus.   Corolla  2-val-
vis, injequalis.
   1. JlNCEA.
   S. foliis linearibus, pie-
rum que convolutis; spicis
paucis, alternis,  patenti
bus; floribus digynis.   E'
   Flowers in  spikes, ar-
ranged   on    one  side.
Calyx 2 valved, unequal,
keeled,  I flowered.,  Co-
rolla 2 valved, unequal.

 Leaves linear, common-
ly convolute;  spikes few,
alternate,    expanding;
flowers with 2 styles.
Dactylis eynosuroides,  Walt. p. 77.
Tiachynotia juncea,  Mich. I. p. 64.
Limuetis juncea,  Pursh. 1. p. 59.
  Root perennial, forming very thick tufts.  Stem about 2 feet high,
columnar, glabrous.  Leaves 12—18 inches long, verv  acute, on the
under surface glabrous, on the upper a little glaucous,* and roughened
along the elevated nerves; when dry convolute ; sheaths longer than
the joints, glabrous, ciliate  at the throat.  Spikes 3—4.  Flowers in
two rows, crowded ; the flowers in fact occupy  2 sides of a  depressed
triangular rachis, of which the broad base is naked ; the  summit of the 
TRIANDR1A MONOSYNIA.               95
rachis acute, naked.  Calyx, exterior valve very small, acute, com-
pressd, slightly mucronate, the keel serrulate; interior valve 3 times
as long, compressed, keeled, mucronate ; the  keel most acutely ser-
rulate.  Corolla, exterior valve shortest, membranous, compressed,
keeled, emarginate, the keel serrulate ; interior valve as lo <g as  the
interior valve ot the calyx, compressed, but not keeled, membranous,
acute.  Fiaments 3, longer than the glumes.  Jlnthers long, incum-
bent, 2 cleft at  base,  a little  spiral.  Styles 2.  Stigmas feathered-
Seed oblong, compressed.
  Grows in ground  occasionally inundated by salt water.
  Flowers March—August.                  Rush-like  Spartina*
White Rush,
   2. POLYSTACHYA.
   S. ioliis lato planis. lon-
gissimis; spicis  plurimis,
alternis, jmtentibus;  flo-
ribus monogynis.
  Leaves broad, flat, very
long;  spikes  numerous,
alternate,^  expanding  ;
flowers with l  style.
    Traychynotia polystachya, Mich. 1. p. 64.
    Limnetis polystachya f Pursh, 1. p. J9.

   Stem 3—10 feet high, columnar, glabrous.  Leaves 1—3 feet long,
3—10 lines wide, serrulate, slightly  channelled, scabrous on the up-
per surface, glabrous on the  under  ; sheath much  longer than  the
joints, glabrous, the throat hairy; stipules bearded.   Spikes 10—12.
From tlie preceding it differs in its flowers, oaly in the following par-
culars—exterior valve  of  the calyx half as long as the interior ;  ex-
terior  valve of the corolla obtuse, mucronate, interior scabrous on
the back.   Hyle 2 cleft at *the summit.   Stigmas feathered; white.
   Grows in brackish marshes, sometimes along the margin of salt wa-
ter.  Near the mouth of Savannah river, common.  Paris Island.
   Flowers September.                   Many-spiked Spartina.
   3. Glarra.   Muhl. Cat.
   S. foliis stricte  erectis,  I    Leaves erect, concave;
concavis;  spicis alternis,  j spikes   alternate,   erect,
erectis,  appressis ; flori-
bus digynis.

   Big. p. 17.
   Dactylis maritima, Walt. p. 77.
appressed ; flowers  with
2 styles. 
90              TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
   Stem 2-*4  feet high, columnar, very  glabrous,  a little succulent,
hollow.  Leaves 1—3 feet long, 6—8 lines wide, acute, very entire,
concave, not channelled, glabrous; sheaths as long as the joints, open,
ilightly ciliate; stipule membranous, short, lacerate,   spikes 5—8,
appressed so as apparently to form one  compact spike.  Flowers as
in the preceding  species.   Keels of the calyx and corolla  ciliate
rather than sharply serrulate.  Corolla shorter than the calyx.  Styles
2.  Stigmas white, feathered.

  Grows in places overflowed with "salt water at every tide, forming-
exclusively the " salt water marsh."
  Flowers August—September.                Salt Marsh Grass*
   No. 577, p. 15. of Clayton, appears to belong to $his species; his pre-
«eding observations in italics certainly do.  Notwithstanding this is the
most common species of Spartina. and from its situation not likely to be
overlooked,  yet  Michaux  appears to have confounded  it  with  his
T. polystachya, a very distinct species ; and  except by Walter, it
seems to have been united by our older botanists with very different
plants.

   This plant is greedily eaten by horses and cattle.  It is remarkable
for a strong, rancid and peculiar smell, affecting the breath, the milk,
butter, and even the flesh of the cattle  that feed upon it.  It affords"
however good pasturage for out-door stock, and is becoming valuable
and valued as a manure.
                     ARUNDINARI4.

   Calyx  2-valvis,  multi-       Calyx 2 valved,  many
florus.    Corolla 2-valvis.   flowered.    Corolla 2 val--
Stylus  brevissimus, trifi-   ved.   Styles  very  short
d"s.                           3 cleft.

   1.  Macrosperma.    Mich.

   Mich. l.p. 74.
   Arundo gigantea and tecta, Walt. p. 8L

  Root perennial,cespitose.  .Stem 3—15 feet high, terete  elabrou*
hollow, rigid, branching towards the summit; the branch^^diTticK
Leaves distichous,  lanceolate, large, flat, sl'ightly ™S?te^K.
cent on the under surface; deaths much longer than tS ?&>* 
ADVERTISEMENT.
    THE first and nearly half of the second Number of this Sketch
had b en printed, before I could  obtain a copy of  Pursh's Flora
America? Septentrionalis. . This work, published  in  London under
the most favorable auspices, has enabled me to add to my own re-
searches, and  those of the friends  who have aided me, all that has
been collected in this country by the travellers and botanists of Eu*
rope.'  Willing to avail myself of the advantages it afforded me, and
to present to my readers as comprehensive a view of our  Botany as
possible ; desirous also, not to add to the confusion of synonymes,
which is becoming a serious evil in American botany, and to correct
a few inaccuracies which had been pointed out to me, I immediately
reprinted the  first number of my work.  In the second number the
alterations were too unimportant to render this me isure necessary.
I have therefore annexed on  a loose sheet a few species, which are to
be added to Hhose  I have already described.  These shall  again be
inserted in^ the supplement to this.w rk, when this sheet may be de-
stroyed.   They are now prefixed, that persons studying our bota&y
may have at one view all that has yet been published on the subject.
PANICUM.
   Spikes verticillate, the
branches by fours;  small
involucrum  1 flowered, 2
awned;  stem diffuse.
   Verticillatum.
   P. spica verticillata, ra-
cemulis quaternis; invo-
lucellis unifloris, bisetis;
culmis  diffusis.   Sp.  pl.
1. p. 334.
   Pursh, l.p. 66.                                 ,
  Pursh remarks  that he has seen this species in the herbarium of
Walter.
  Grows in  sandy woods, from New-Jersey to Carolina.
  Flowers June—July.
4W
•m
   Wvltert.   Pursh.
   P. spicis alternis, erec- |    Spikes alternate, erect,
tis, solitariis, simplicibus ;   solitary, simple ; glumes 
IV
glumis  ovatis,  mtiricato-   ovate,  muricatp,  hispid,
hispidis, aristatis;  arista   awned;  one  awn  very
altera longissima ;  rachi   long;  rachis 3  angled ;
trigona; vaginis hispidis-   sheaths  very   hispid  ;
simis ;   fohis   glabris.   leaves  glabrous.  *
Pursh, 1. p. 60.
  Probably the  P.  CrUs Galli  var. hispidum, of this work ; yet
Pursh refers to it P. hirtellum of Walter, and the P. muricatuin of.
Michaux—two very distinct plants.                     f
  Grows near the salt water, from Canada to New-York.  Pursh.*
  Flowers July—September.
Fuseo-rubens.   La Marck.
   P.  racemis  linearibus,
virgatis;  glumis clavatis,
eoloratis; pilis subpanicu-
lse divisuris.   Lam. En-
cycl.  4. p. 737.
'"Grows in rice fields, in Georgia.
  Flower6 August.

   Striatum.   La Marck.
   P.  panicula  oblonga ;
glumis majusculis,  gla-
bris,   viridibus,  pulchre
striatis.  Lam. Encycl. 4.
p. 748.
  Collected in Carolina, by Mr. Fraser.
  DlFFUSUM.
  P.  panicula  simplici-
uscula, capillari, patente;
flosculis   remotiusculis,
acutis;  culmo  simplici;
foliis   longis,  linearibus,
collo  vaginisoue  villosis.
Swartz, ProdT23.
  Grows in dry sandy woods, from
  Flowers Jul v.
   Racemes   linear,  vir-
gate ; glumes clayate, co-
loured ;  hairy  under the
divisions  of the panicle.
  Panicle oblong; glumes
large,  glabrous,  green,
handsomely striate.
  Panicle simple,  capil-
lary,  expanding;  florets
remote, acute ; stem sim-
ple ;  leaves long,  linear,
with   the   throat   and
sheaths villous.

Virginia to Carolina.  Pursh. 
V
Nodiflorum.   La Marck.
  P.  paniculis  minimis,
lateralibus  terminalibus-
que ;  glumis  ovatis,  pu-
bescentibus ;  foliis  an-
gustis, breviusculis, collo
barbatis.
   P. ramulosum, Mich. 1. p. 110.
  Grows in dry fields, from Pennsylvania to Carolina-
  Flowers July.
   Panicle   very   small,
lateral   and   terminal;
glumes ovate', pubescent;
leaves    narrow,   short,
bearded at the  throat.
AGROST1S.
   P' uciflora.  Pursh.
   A. paniculse  ramis uni-
floris,filiformibus; corollis
aristatis^calyce insequali
duplo  longioribus, hirsu-
tis;  vaginis villosis.
                               Panicle  with branches
                             filiform, one  flowered ;
                             corolla  awned, twice  as
                             long as the  unequal  ca-
                             lypc,   hirsute;   sheaths
                             villous.
   Pursh, 1. p. 63.
  Stem 18 inches high, glabrous.  Leaves very long, linear, villous,
nervose ; sheaths striate, villous ; stipules short.  Panicle very sim-
ple, with the branches long, one flowered.   Valves of the calyx une-
qual, villous, with short awns.  Corolla oblong, villous, twice as long
as the interior valve of the calyx, bearing short awns.  Pursh.
  Grows on high mountains, in Virginia and Carolina.
  Flowers July.
   ClNNA.
   A. panicula magna, de-
bili;  foliis lato-linearibus,
glabris ;  valvula  altera
infra apicem subaristata;
caule glabro.   Pursh, 1.
p. 64.
   Cinna arundinacea, Sp. pl. 1. p. 31
  When the genus Agrostis was sent to th§«r
for inserting this species among our plants.  Ina
   Panicle  largef weak ;
leaves broad, linear, gla-
brous ; one  valve slight-
ly  awned   beneath  the
summit; stem  glabrous.
ess I had no authority
ave since been infomed 
vi
by Dr. Baldwin, that he has found it near Savannah; and I ha>e re-
ceived specimens of it from Dr. Boykin, of Milledgevdle, Georgia.
  Grows from Canada to Georgia.
  Flowers August.  P.
   Lateriflora.   Mich.
   A  paniculis lateralibus
terminalibusque, coarcta-
tis;   floribus   muticis ;
valvulis  acutissimis,  in-
terioribus majoribus,  ba-
si barbatis;  foliis planis.
brevibus.   Pursh,  l.  p.
64.
   Mich. 1. p. 53.
  Grows along the edges of woods, in rich soils, from New-York U
Florida.  Pursh.
  Flowers June—July.
   Panicles  lateral  and
terminal, with the flowers
appressed ;  flowers un-
awned;  valves  very  a-
cute, the interior longer
and  bearded  at  base ;
leaves flat, short. 
TRIANDRIA  M0N0GYN1A.              97
eescent; the throat contracted.   Stipules bristly.  Panicle simple,
terminal, composed of distichous spikes, 7—10 flowered.   Peduncles
about an inch long, pubescent.  Calyx smaller than the corolla, valves
unequal;  exterior valve  very small, slightly ciliate.   Valves of the
corolla unequal; the  exterior largest, acuminate, slightly mucronate
and ciliate, scarcely keeled ; the interior acute, frequently two cleft.
Nectaries' 3, flat, lanceolate, longer than the germ.   Filaments 3,
shorter than  the  corolla.  Anthers nearly white.   Style  short, une-
qually 3 parted.  Stigmas  feathered, white.  Seed cylindrical, ob«
tuse, large, slightly furrowed.                      •
  I have  never seen the large* variety of cane (Arundo gigantea,
Walt.) in flower, and have  not  therefore been  able  to  determine
whether it is specifically distinct.  The above description is taken
from the small variety (Arundo tecta, Walt.)  The large cane growi
to the height of 30—35 feet.
  This plant  is  said to  flower but once in  twenty or twenty-five
years.   The A. tecta however flowered in 1804, again  in 1811, and
once or twice iu the succeeding 4 years.
  Grows in rich  soils, preferring  these which are occasionally inun«
dated.   "*'- ■*
  Flowers March—April.
M 
98              TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
MUHLENBERGIA.   Gen:  Pl :  103.
Calyx  l  valved,  min-
ute, lateral.
valved.
Corolla 2*
  Stem decumbent; leaves
linear;   panicle  slender,
appressed; flowers small,
the  awn  as long  as the
   Calyx  1-valvis,  minu-
tu», lateralis.   Corolla 2-
valvis.
   1.  Diffusa.
   M. culmo decumbente;
foliis linearibus; panicula
gracili,  appressa ;   flori-
bus  minutis, arista  longi-
tUvline glumse.   E.
  Root fibrous.  Stem about one foot long, procumbent, geniculate,
branched, a little compressed, glabrous.  Leaves 3—4 inches long, 2
lines wide, scabrous ; sheath open, as long as the joints; throat contract-
ed and hairy.  Panicle composed of alternate, appressed racemes, very
slender; peduncles very  short.  Calyx  2  valved,  unequal, acumi-
nata, resembling scales, seeming rather as an involucrum to protect
the base of the corolla than to form a part of the flower; not falling
with  the seed.  Corolla, valves  unequal, hairy at base ;  the exterior
lanceolate, 3 nerved, nerves serrulate, tapering to a long scabrous
awn; interior valve similar but  awnless.  Filaments4hvee.  Anthers
yellow.  Styles two, short.  Stigmas feathered, purple.
  Grows in damp soils.  Prince Williams.
glumes.
  Flowers August—October.
  N
  2. Erecta. Muhl. Cat.
  M. culmo erecto; foliis
lanceolatis;  racemo ter-
minali ; floribus majuscu-
lis,  arista   valvis  duplo
longiore.   E.
Spreading Muhlenbergia.
Stem erect; leaves lance-
olate;  racemes terminal;
flowers  large,  the  awn
twice   as   long  as  the
glumes.
   Dilepyrum aristosum ?  lyiich. 1. p. 40.

  Stem erect, slightly scabrous.  Leaves 3—4 inches long, 6—7 lines
wide, very acute, scabrous, (pubescent, Mich.);  sheath open, shorter
than the joints, hairy at the throat; stipule  membranou■.   Flowers
(in my specimens) in a simple raceme.  Calyx 2 valved, 1 very min-
ute, the interior tapering, very acute, 2—3 lines long. Corolla, ex-
tenor valve lanceolate, manv nerved, concave, scabrous, terminating
in a long awn ;  interior awnless.                             °
  Grows in shady  wood* in Carolina and Georgia.   Mich
  My specimens are from Penns.yl.         Erect MuhlenUrHa, 
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA
49
TRICH0D1UM.   Mich.
   Calyx 2 valved, equal.
Corolla l valved.  Flow-
ers in capillary panicles.

   Stem erect; leaves and
sheath scabrous ; panicle
difFused,with the branches
tribhotomous  ;   flowers
fasciculate, terminal.
  Calyx 2-valvis, sequalis.
Corolla 1- valvis.  Flores
in paniculis capillar!bus.
   1. Laxiflorum.  Mich.
   T. culmo erecto ; foliis
vaginisque scabris ;  pan-
icula  diffusa, trichotome
ramosa; floribus fascicula-
tis terminalibus.  E.
   Mich. 1. p. 42.
   Con.Utopia hyemalis.  Walt. p. 73.

  Root perennial.   Stem 1—3 feet high, columnar, glabrous near the
base, sometimes  geniculate.  Leaves 1—3  inches long, 1 line wide;
sheaths shorter  than  the joints ; stipules short, membranous, la-
cerate.   Flowers 3—10, clustered near the summit of each branch ;
branches 1—10 inches long, serrulate along the angles, destitute of
hair even in the axils.  Calyx, valves lanceolate, compressed, very
acute, serrulate along the keel, somewhat ciliate along the margins ;
the exterior a little  shorter.  Corolla, valve shorter  than the calyx,
concave somewhat acute; the margins pubescent.  Anthers yellowish.
Stigmas white.
  Grows in close soils.  In dry ground it scarcely exceeds a  foot in
height, in swamps it grows 2—3 feet, with the panicle sometimes 2
feet long.
  Flowers March—May.                  Spring Trichodium.
   Stem decumbent; pan-
icle somewhat  diffuse ;
branches  verticillate and
trichotomous ;   flowers
racemose.
   2. Perennans.  Walt.
   T. culmo decumbente;
panicula subdiffusa, ramis
verticillatis,  trichotomis-
que; floribus  racemosis.
E.
   Cornucopia perennans.  Walt. p. 74.
   Trichodium decumbens.  Mich. 1. p. 73.
   Agrostis anomala.   Sp : pl:  l.p. 70.
  Root creeping, perennial.  Stem decumbent, generally about 1 foot
high, sometimes  2, slender, columnar, glabrous.   Leaves 2—6 inches
long. 1—3 lines wide, slightly scabrous; sheaf s longer than the joints,
glabrous ;  stipules membranous.  Panicle slender, diffuse, but less so
than in the preceding species, and the flowers iess clustered at the 
190
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
summits.   Calyx 2 valved, nearly equal, very acute, acuminate, com
pressed, the keel serrulate.  Corolla 1  valved, shorter than the calyx,
rather acute.  Anthers white,  styles short.  Stigmas white.
  This is a fine  delicate winter grass, but never appears to grow vig-
orously enough  for the scythe, nor will it bear, except in shaded or
damp soils, the heat of summer.
  Grows in damp shaded places.
  Flowers September—December.        Perennial Trichodium.
LEERS1A.   Gen.  pl.  10.5.
   Calyx 0.    Corolla  2
valved, closed.

  Panicle loose, with scat-
tered  branches, * small;
flowers  appressed;  mo-
nandrous, scabrous ;  the
keel of the glumes spar-
ingly ciliate.
    Calyx  o.    Corolla 2-
 valvis, clausa.
    1.  ViKGIMCA.
    L.  panicula  laxa, par-
 vula,  ramulis sparsis ; flo-
 ribus   appressis,  monan-
 di is, scabris; glumis cari-
 na parce ciliatis.   E.


   Sp : pl: p. 325.
  Root  fibrous, perennial.  Stem erect and  decumbent, compressed,
sparingly branched, 2—3 feet high, hairy  at  the  joints.   Leaves
linear-lanceolate,acute, scabrous; sneath compressed, withthe angles
acute, very scabrous, shorter than  the joints;  stipule membranous,
not hairy.  Panicle terminal, composed  of a few racemes with the
flowers  on  one  side; flowers caducous.   Corolla, valves equal; the
exterior compressed, boat shaped, mucronate, 5 nerved,  nerves and
keel ciliate, and the glume also scabrous ; the interior linear-lanceo-
late, with the keel straight, slightly ciliate; the flowers so closely ap-
pressed as generally to bend round the common peduncle.   Filament
1 ?  longer than the* corolla.  Styles two.  Stigma feathered, white.
Seed oblong.
  Grows in damp soils.
  Flowers August—September.              Virginian Leersia.
t. Lenticularis? Mich.
   L  panicula erecta; flo-
ribus  majusculis,  subor-
biculatis. diandris,  imbri-
catis,   carina,  nervisque.
ciliatis.   E.
   Panicle erect; flowers
large, nearly orbicular, di-
androus,  imbricate, with
the  keel  and nerves cili-
ate. 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.              101
  Root perennial.  Stem erect, 2—4 feet high, terete, smooth except-
ing at tlie joints.  Leaves somewhat  lanceolate, scabrous along the
margins, and on the under surface, nearly smooth above; sheaths a
little shorter than the joints, hispid, with the hairs retrorse.  Branches
of the  panicle nearly erect.  The flowers much larger than in tlie
other species, closely imbricate, sprinkled with short stiff hairs, and
fringed along every nerve; the valves  so broad as to form a flower
nearly orbicular.  Stamens 2, (in every flower that I have examined)
shorter than  the calyx.  Styles shorter than the calyx.  Stigmas
white, feathered.  Nectaries 2, oval ?  larger than the germ.
  Grows in Camden county, near the Satilla river.  Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers                          Round-flowered Leersia.
   Panicle effused, large;
flowers  triandroQs,  sca-
brous, expanding; glumes
with the keel conspicu-
ously ciliate.
   3.  Oryzoides?
   L.  panicula effusa, ma-
juscula; floribus triandris,
scabris, patulis ;   glumis
carina conspicue ciliatis.
E.
   Sp: pl: 1. p. 325.
   Mich. 1. p. 39.

  A plant  in  all  respects larger than the L. Virginica.   Stem
3—4 Jeet high.  In this the panicle is large and every way diffused,
with the branches sometimes pendulous.  Flowers nearly sessile on
the common peduncle, imbricate, appressed to each other not against
the stem ; the keel of each valve  conspicuously c liate. The Virginica
appeared  to  me always monandrous,. this  manifestly  trianarous.
Styles in both species shorter than the corolla, projecting at the sides.
Leaves very scabrous.
  Grows in the  river swamps at  Ogechee.  Near Charleston.
  Flowers October—November.      Spreading-flowered Leersia*
PHALARIS.   Gen.   pl.  106.
   Calyx 2-valvis, carina-
tus, longitudine  sequalis,
corollam includens.
   1. Americana.    E.
   P.  panicula   oblonga,
epiciformi y  glumis caly-
  Calyx S valved,keeled,
equal in length, enclosing
the corolla.

  Panicle oblong, resem-
bling a spike;  glumes of 
102             TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
 cinis   navicularibus,  ser-  I the  calyx  boat-shaped,
 rulatis :  corolla  quadri-  | serrulate ; corolla 4 valv-
 valvi,  valvulis  exteriori-   ed, exterior valves linear,
 bus linearibus.interioribus   interior unequal, all hairy.
 iiisequalibus, omnibus pi-
 lusis    E.

   P. arundinacea.  Mich. I. p. 43.  Muhl. Cat. p. 8.

  Root annual ? Stem  erect, a  little geniculate at base, columnar,
 branching, slightly scabrous near the summit.  Leaves linear-lanceo-
 late, slightly keeled, glabrous ;  sheath open, much  shorter  than  the
joints; stipule membranous.  Calyx, valves compressed, very acute,
 the keel serrulate^and a little winged near the  summit; the exterior
 valve a little shorter than  the interior.   Corolla, the 2 accessory
 valves minute, glandular at base; of the 2 interior valves, the exterior
 is ovate, acuminate, slightly compressed, half  as long as the calyx,
 but twice as long as the interior.  Nectaries 2 scales ? ovate-lanceo-
 late, acute, longer than the germ.   Filaments 3.  Anthers dark  pur-
 ple.  Style I ? cleft almost to the base.  Stigmas  feathered, white.
 Seed oblong.
  This plant appears to be worth cultivating as a spring grass.
  Gr-v-vs jn river swamps, in situations not frequently inundated,
Ogechee.  Pon Pon.  I have seen it on James Island in a dry soil.
  Flowers April.                           American Fhalaris.
AUL^XANTHUS.   E.
   Flores paniculati. .fC<£
lyx  2-valvis,   l-flordsf;
valvis sequalibus, sulcatis.
Corolla  2-valvis,   subse-
qualis.
   1. ClLIATUS.   E.
   A. culmo erecto ; foliis
linearibus, ciliatis;  pani-
cula gracili. stricta.   E.
 •  Flowers  in   panicles.
 Calyx 2 valved, 1  flow-
 ered ;  valves equal, fur-
 rowed.   Corolla 2 valv-
* ed, valves  nearly equal.

    Stem  erect;  leaves li-
 near, ciliate; panicle slen-
 der,  appressed.
   Phalaris villosa ?  Mich. 1. p. 43.

  Boot fibrous, perennial ?   Stem 2 feet high, glabrous, near the root
somewhat  compressed,  above  columnar, faked.   Leave Hnear, not
channelled, glabrous, ciliate; sheath contracted and ciliate, with very
short han- at the throat; lower leaves 6-8 inches long''the upper 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.             103
diminishing to a scale, but with long sheaths.  Calyx, glumes equal,
lanceolate, concave, marked with 5 elevated nerves, and 5 longitudi-
nal, villous furrows ; hair \fhitish.  Corolla 2 valved, a little unequal,
exterior concave, acute, as long as the calyx ; the interior flat, just
embraced by the margin of the exterior valve, both brown, when ma-
ture  black : at the back of the interior valve occurs a neutral floret
1 valved, ovate, 2 cleft, green.  Filaments 5. Anthers;" tawny.  Styles
2, longer than the corolla.  Stigmas feathered, white.  Seed obovate,
nearly  round, glabrous.
  Grows in dry pine barrens.
  Flowers September—October.            Fringed Aulaxanthns.
   2. Rupus.   E.
   A. culmo erecto; foliis       Stem  erect ;  leaves
glaberrimis; panicula ma-   very  glabrous ;   panicle
juscula, subappressa; vil-   large, slightly appressed;
lis calycis rufis.    E.        hair of the calyx rufous. #

  This species differs  from  the preceding very much in size; it is"
e%ery way larger.  The leaves are destitute of hair, except at the
throat; and the rufous hair  on  the calyx is so long as to  cause the
flower to* resemble a  ball of hair.   It maybe merely a  variety pro-
duced by a difference of soil ; but as I had not a favourable opportu-
nity of examining it, I  insert it here for future observation.
  Grows in  savannas, and damp soils in the pine  barrens, midway
between Saltcatcher bridge and Murphy's, on the Edisto.
  Flowers August—September.     Rufous-flowered Aulaxanthus.

  This genus is nearly allied  to Panicum; but its furrowed  calyx and
the absence of an  accessory valve  sufficiently distinguish it.   It ap-
pears to be separated from Phalaris both by structure and habit.  To
the Paspalum it bears some aflinity in the structure of the flowers, but
is very distinct in habit.
               MILIUM.    Gen. pl.  110.

   Calyx  2-valvis, uniflo-      Calyx   2  valved,  one
rus ;  valvulis subsequali-   flowered; with the valves
bus.   Corolla brevissima.   unequal.    Corolla very
Stigmata penicilliformia.   short.   Stigmas  feather-
                               ed. 
104
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA,
   i. Paspalodes.
   U. culmo repente,  as-
cendenteque ; foliis apice
contractis ;  spicis  con-
jugatis : floribus alternis ;
glumis ovato-lanceolatis.
E.
   Stem creeping and as-
cending; leaves contract-
ed   near   the   summit ;
spikes conjugate; flowers
alternate;  glumes  ovate-
lanceolate.
   M. distichum.  Muhl. Cat.
   Digitaria paspalodes.  Mich. 1. p. 46.
  Root perennial.  Stem  creeping and ascending, compressed, gla-
brous.  Leaves 3—6 inches long, 4  lines broad,  obtuse, ciliate, gla-
brous, about half an inch from the summit contracted, and feeling  as
ifcrossedbya rib or nerve, yellowish green. Spikes conjugate.  Flow-
ers alternate, one from each bud, somewhat distichous.  Calyx, glumes
equal, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous.   Corolla, glumes  equal,
ovate, shorter than the calyx, generally about half its length. Anthers
dark purple.  Stigmas similar, feathered.  Seed compressed, ovate.
  This plant is an  intermediate species between the Milium and Pas-
palum.  From its  acute calyx and abbreviated corolla, it has been
placed in this genus : yet to  the corolla the Linnean phrase " brevi:*
sima" can by no means apply.
  Grows in close soils, on Charleston neck.  Beaufort.   Very com-
mon.  I have never seen it far from salt water..
  Flowers June—September.             Twin-spiked Milium.
/
PASPALUM.   Gen.  Pl.  107.
   Mores  in  spicis  uni-
laterifloris.     Calyx   2-
valvis, orbiculatus.   Co-
rolla  2-valvis,  ejusdem
magnitudinis.
   1. Set aceum. Mich.
   P. culmo erecto ; foliis
vaginisque villosis; spicis
plerumque solitariis; flo-
ribus biseriatis.
   Mich. 1. p. 43.
  Root fibrous, perennial.  Stem columnar *l*»nrW ^uk-     r
Mrrow.Weeled; the upper j^ttS^,^
   Flowers  in spikes, ar-
ranged on one side.  Ca-
lyx  2 valved,  orbicular.
Corolla 2 valved, equal in
size.

   Stem erect; leaves and
sheaths  villous;   spikes
generally solitary ;  flow-
ers in 2 rows. 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
105
fiie  spikes  very long; spikes sometimes axillary.   Calyx, glumes
equal, one fiat, the other convex, both 3 or 5 nerved, pubescent when
viewed with a lens.   Corolla  similar, but glabrous.  Filaments 3.
Anthers purple.  Styles 2.  Stigmas feathered, simple.
  Grows in dry soils.  Common around Beaufort.
  Flowers June—August.    -             Slender Paspalum.
  Stem weak;  leaves and
stem ? hairy ;  spike  gen-
erally one,slender; flow-
ers alternate one rowed*
   2.  Debile.   Mich.
   P.  culmo debili; foliis,
et caule ?  pilosis ;  spica
plerumque  unica, tenui;
floribus alternis  uniseria-
tis.
   Mich. 1. p. 44.
   P.  dissectum ? Walt. p. 75.
  Stem setaceous near the summit.  Flowers, 1 ftjom each bud of the
rachis, obovate, pubescent when viewed with* a lens.  Mich.
  This is an obscure species to me.
  Grows along the sea coast of Carolina and Georgia.  Mich.
                                  Weak-stalked Paspalum.
  Stem decumbent; leaves
nearly  glabrous,  .hand-
somely ciliate; spike gen-
erally i ;  flowers  large,
3 rowed.
3. ClLIATIFOLIUM. Midi.
   P. culmo decumbente;
foliis subglabris,' pulchre
ciliatis ; spica plerumque
unica ;  floribus  magnis,
quasi triseriatis.
   Mich. 1. p. 44.
  Stem somewhat decumbent, slightly compressed, glabrous.  Leaves
wide,  glabrous, sometimes  sprinkled' with hair, keeled, the margin
frequently purple; sheaths glabrous, open, tiie margins not ciliate.
Spikes as in the preceding species, flowers larger and crowded, so as
to form 3 rows. Calyx, glumes pubescent under a lens.  Filaments 3.
Anthers purple.  Stigmas feathered, purple.
  Grows in dry cultivated ground.  Very common.
Flowers May—September;
Fringed Paspalum.
glabro,
   4. Dasyphyllum.  JE,
   P.  culmo decumbente,
         foliis vaginisque
hirsutissimis ; spicis pau-
cis (2—3),patentibus, flo-
ribus triseriatis.   E.
                         N
gla-
   Stem decumbent,
brous; leaves and sheaths
very hairy;  spikes  lew
(2—3), expanding; flow-
ers in three  rows. 
106
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
  Stem 12-18 inches hiSh, glabrous, sometimes  b^ed^,c^
bent.  leaves broad, nearly strap-shaped, gene rally acute,  and with
the sheath very hairy; *W.s shorter t„an the P™*'^8t£Z>>
alternate, expandm- :  nYwers, 2 at each bud,  both  nea.lv  tessile.
CalV.v 3 nerved, .lightly pubescent, oval, but so  wide as to be nearly
round.   Stigmas feathered, dark,purp*le.
  This species is verv common in cultivated ground.  It appears to
have been ^'confounded  with  the  preceding,  to  which it has  but
little resemblance. * In 'the  P. cilfatifolium, the leaves are  slightly
pubescent, sometimes glabrous, but always beautifully 1 ringed; in this,
the margin is  nlv hairy in common with the surface of the leaf.   In
the former, the naked slender summit of the stem  frequently  extends
12—18 inches, bearing a  solitary terminal spike : and  sometimes
there are 2 or 3 peduncles  if so tliev may be called) from a  sheath;
in Ihi*, the summit is not extended, and  bears  2 or 3 expanding
spikes.
  Flowers Jul v—October.               Dairy-leaved Paspalum,
   Stem erect; leaves lan-
ceolate-linear, glabrous;
spikes many,  alternate;
rachis narrow,  hairy  at
base :  flowers in 3 rows.
   5. Prjecox.   Walt.
   P. culmo erecto ; foliis
lanceolato-Iinearibus. gla-
bris;  spicis  plurjmis, al-
ternis ; rachi angusta, basi
pilosa; floribus triseriatis.

   Walt. p. 75.
   Mich. 1. p. 44.
  Stem erect, glabrous.  Leaves long, almost linear, glabrous; sheaths
glabrous, the throat  not hairy j stipule membranous.  Spikes 3—5 ;
flowers  crowded, 2  from each bud,  one  sessile.  Rachis linear,
straight, surrounded at base with long hair.   Glumes orbicular, very
smooth. Antfiers saffron colour.  Stigmas dark purple.
  Grows in damp soils, ditches, &c.
  Flowers May—August.                     Early Paspalum,
   6. Leve.   Mich.
   P. culmo  erecto ; foliis
brevibus,glabcrrimis; spi-
cis alternis;  floribus bise-
riatis, glabris, majusculis.
   Mich. 1. p. 44.
  Stem erect, 1—2  feet  high, glabrous.  Leaves narrow, lanceolate,
rather short, somewhat glaucous, very smooth, contracted and hairy
   Stem  erect ;   leaves
short,   very   glabrous  ;
spikes alternate ;  flowers
2  rowed, glabrous, large. 
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
107
at the throat; stipule membranous.  Spikes about 5; flowers, one from
each  bud, large,  smooth, orbicular; rachis linear, flexuous, a little
hairy at base.  *
  Grows in damp pastures.  Paris Island.
  Flowers June—September.
                         0
  I insert this species from Michaux. I have latterly doubted whether
the i hint I found on Paris Island can be considered more than a gla-
brous variety of the P. floridanum.                         ' u.
    Stem  erect ;   lower
leaves very villous, upper
scabrous,  hairy;  sbeaths
very long ;  spikes , few ;
flowers
brous
  in  2  rows,
large.
la-
  7. Floridanum.  Mich.
   P. culmo erecto ; foliis
inferioribus  villosissimis.
superioribus scabris, pilo-
sis,  longe vaginantibus;
spicis paucis ;  floribus l)i-
seriatis, glabris, majuscu-
lis.   E.
   Mich. 1. p. 44.
  Stem erect, columnar, smooth, 3—4 feet high.  Leaves long, the
lower very  hairy, and scabrous, the uppor ones becoming nearly
smooth; sheaths similar; the throat  villous; stipule membranous.
Spikes almost uniformly 3.  Rachis linear, flexuous, hairy,,'at  base.
Flowers, 1 sometimes 2 from each bud, large, smooth.  Stigmas pur-
ple.
  Grows in dry  soils. ^Sometimes occurs in damp ground.  Common.
  Flowers June—September.               Florida Paspalum.
   8. Pltcatulum.  Mich.
   P.  culmo erecto ; foliis
angustis,  longis ;
pluribus
          spicis
floribus triseri-
atis; valvula plana juxta
            tranverse pli-
margines
cata.
   Mich.
l.p. 45.
   Stem erect; leaves nar-
row, long; spikes many ;
flowers in  3 rows  ;  the
flat   valve   transversely
plaited near the margins.
  Plant very glabrous.  Spikes alternate, erect. Glumes short, ovate,
somewhat rufous, glabrous.  Mich.
  I have not seen this species.
  Grows in Georgia and Florida.  Mich. 
108
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
   Stem somewhat erect;
leaves   long,   purplish,
hairy at the throat; spikes
numerousjvillous at base;
flowers in 4 rows.
   9.  Purpurvscevs.  E.
   P.  culmo  suberecto ;
 foliis   prselongis, purpu-
 rascentibus,  ad   tauccm
 pilosis ;  spicis  plurimis,
 basi   pilosis ;    floribus
 quaririseriatis.   E. *
   R. virgatum,  Walt. p. 75.       m ■•
  Stem decumbent.and ascending, terete, glabrous, branching, 2 feet
high.  Leaves very long,  12—IS inches, 5—6 lines wide, scabrous
along the margins, hairy near the base, remarkable for their dark pur-
ple hue, which extends also to the lower part of  the stem.  Spikes
6—12.  Flowers 2 from  each  bud, crowded.   Rac/is rather  wide,
straight, hairy at base.  Anthers saffron colour.  Stigmas dark pur-
ple. ~Seed nearly black*.
  This  plant resembles much Sloan's figure,  Hist. Jam.  1. p. 112
t. 69. f. 1  But as tlie exterior valve of the calyx is neither short nor
hairy, it must be considered a distinct species from the P. virgatunv
Lin.
  Grows in most soils. Common.
  Flowers July—October.                    Purple Paspalum,
   Stem creeping ; leaves
short,  .somewhat
cous, shining;   spikes
one
ceolate.
                 glau-
 shining;   spikes  2,
sitting;  glumes  lan-
   10. Distichum.
   P. culmo repente ;  fo-
liis  bre\ibus, glaucescen-
tibus, nitidis ;  spicis dua
bus, altera scssili; glumis
lanceolatis.   E.
   Sp. pl. p. 332.
   Walt. p. 75.
  Root perennial.  Stem  prostrate, geniculate, branching, throwing
out roots  at the joints, slightly compressed, glabrous ; the flower-
bearing stems assurgent,  about 1  foot hjgh.   Leaves 2 inches long,
«^n%hT™ ^g   ?T' 8hVni3e»8Prin|d^ with a few hairs; sheaS
En    9a„f ns,am't,hr°at han>  SPikes - sometimes 4.   Flowers
alternate, 2 rovv^d   Glume* exactly lanceolate,  lifter, dark pur-
pie.  Stigmas feathered, dark purple.                        F
  The leaves in our plant are never involute
  Grows in wet and damp soils.   To rice planters too  well known
under the name of joint-grass.                        eu Knowu
  Flowers through the whole summer.       Creeping Paspalum,
                                       Joim-grass. 
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
109
   11. Vaginatum.   E.
   P. glaberrimum ;  cul-
mo  repente, ramoso ; fo-
liis linearibus; spicis  ple-
rumque  binis, terminali-
bus,  folio terminali vagi-
nalis.  E.
     Very  glabrous;  stem
  creeping,     branching ;
  leaves linear; spikes gen-
  erally   two,   terminal,
  sheathed  by a' terminal
•  leaf.
  Stem 12—18 inches long, slightly compressed, much branched near *
the summit.  Leaves linear, short (1—2 inclies), acute; the sheaths of
the upper leaves  longer than the joints, and sometimes there are* 2
leaves from each joint.  Spikes at the extremity of each branch, one
nearly sessile, the other on a peduncle 1—2 inches long: a leaf from
the summit of the branch with its sheath envelopes the sessile spike
and the peduncle of the other.  Rachis linear, straight, wide, the back
flat, the sides inflexed and covering one half the flower, finely fringed.
Flowers in two rows, one from each bud, sessile.   Valves of the calyx
equal, ovate, nearly acute, 3 nerved.
  This species seems to connect this genus to the Ceresia.  Yet it may
be remarked that in this  plant the valves of the calyx are equal, the
midrib distinct, and the structure exactly similar to the  other species
of paspalum.  In the Ceresia the valves of the calyx are unequal, and
the midrib altogether wanting.  The rachis in this, is w ide and covers
a part of the flower, but in the Ceresia, it so completely protects the
flower that the calyx becomes colourless (etiolated).
  Grows in humid soils.   Near Savannah—Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers in the Summer.                 Sheathed Paspalum.
   Flosculi laterales, bifa-
rii,sub rachi lata, membra-
nacea, cymbifornu.   Ca-
lyx 2-valvis, l-florus.

   1.  Fluitans.   E.
   C. culmo repeUte,  as-
cendenteque, plerumque
fluitante ;  foliis scabris ;
spicis  plurimis,   glumis
calycinis  albis,  punctatis,
pa ree pilosis.
   Paspalum membranaceum ? W
   P. mucronatum,  Muhl. Cat.
CERESIA.   Persoon.
                Flowers  lateral,  two
             rowed,   under  a  wide,
             membranous,  boat-shap-
 ed rachis.    Calyx 2 valv-
 ed, l flowered.

   Stem creeping and as-
 cending, generally  float-
 ing ;   leaves  scabrous ;
 spikes numerous; glumes ^^
 of the  calyx white,  dot-.   *  *
 ted,  a little hairy.
alt. p.  75. 
 UO             ritiv^nniA ihgtkia.

  Ron, annual ? Stem procumbent creeping/^""'f^J^^




bTous, the margins^ul keel finely serrulate, covering the flowers (as
vTth a roof), that are arranged along its under surface   <<%.*, glumes
ovate, acute, (without a midrib,) dotted, white, with the two marginal
nerves-reen, sprinkled with hair; tlie exterior vave a little longer,
bifid at the summit.  Corolla 2 v. Wed, a little "smaller than the calvx 3
valves ovate,  acute, equal, the  exterior  convex, toe interior flat.
Nectaries 2, small, ovate.* Filaments 3.  Anthers wh te.  Styles 2,
shorter than the corolla.  Stigmas feathered, white.  Seat nearly oval.
  Grows in the river swamps.  Ogechee./  In rice fields.
  Flowers September—November.              Floating.Ceresia.



              PHLEUM.   Gen. pl. 109.
   Calyx 2 valved, sessile,
linear, truncate, with the
summit  2  pointed.   Co-
rolla inclosed.

   Spike cylindrical, very
long, ciliate ; stem erect.
   Calyx 2-valvis, sessilis,
linearis, truncatus, apice
bicuspidatus.   Corolla in-
clusa.
   1. Prxtense.
   P.   spica   cylindrfca,
lohgissima,'ciliata;  culmo
erecto.     Sp.  pl.   1.  p.
354.
  Root perennial.  Stem erect, columnar, glabrous.  Leaves linear-
lanceolate, serrulate, scabrous ; sheaths somewhat scabrous, longer.
than the joints ; stipules membranous, lacerate.  Flowers in a com-
pound spike.  Spikelets many  flowered, appressed.   Calyx 2 valved,
valves equal, hairy,  ciliate, the back somewhat aculeate, truncate,
with the  midrib extended  to an awn twice the length of the valves.
Corolla 2 valved, much smaller than the calyx.
  Grows  on Sullivans Island,originating no doubt from imported seed.
From its having naturalised itself on that island, it is probable that
this valuable grass merits attention from oui#armers  In that barren
soil it was humble, scarcely exceeding t—10 inches in height.
  Flowers in June—July.            Meadow Phleunv—Timothy,


           ALOPECURUS.    Gen.  pl.  102.

    Calyx 2-valvis.  Corol-      Calyx 2 valved.  Carol.
la l-valvis.
la l valved. 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
Ill
   Stem geniculate; keels
of the calyx ciliate ; awn
twice as long  as  the co-
rolla.
   1. Geniculates ?
   A.  culmo  geniculato ;
calycis   carinis  ciliatis ;
aristis gluma  duplo  lon-
gioribus.   E.
   Sp. pl. p. 358.
   A. pratensis?  Walt. p. 74.

  Root perennial.  Stem geniculate, ascending, terete, very glabrous,
about one foot high.  Leaves 2—4 inches*long, 2—3 lines wide, gla-
brous, the margins and upper surface a  little  roughened ;  sheaths
shorter than the joints, glabrous; stipules ovate, membranous.  Flow-
ers in a compound cylindrical  spike ?  closely appressed.  Calyx 2
valved ; valves equal, obtuse, compressed,  hairy, tlie  keel  ciliate, al-
most villous.  Corolla 1 valved, as-long as the calyx, glabrous, obtuse,
with  an awn attached to  its base twice as long as  itself. Ant tiers
white.  Sligmus white, almost simple.
  Grows in  damp and clayey soils.  In rice f.elds, common.
  Flowers in March.
PANICUM.   Gen.  pl.  107.
   Calyx 8-valvis ; valva
exteriore minima.
   1.  CENCHitOlliES.   E.
   P. spica tereti, stricta ;
involucro multipartite, u-
nifloro, laciniis tereti-sub-
ulatis,   rigidis,   scabris,
flosculos  paulo  superan-
tibus.   E.
   Calyx, 3  valved ; ex-
terior valve very small.
                                  Spike  terete,   strict ;
                               involucrum  many parted,
                               one  flowered,  the  seg-
                               ments   terete,  subulate,
                               rigid,  scabrous, a  little
                               longer than  the florets.

  Root perennial ?  Stem erect,  terete,  scabrous  near the  spike.
Leaves long, 5—7 lines wide, flat, scabrous  on  the  inner surface,
rather smooth on the outer, contracted and  hairv at the throat; sheaths
longer ? than the joints. Flowers in a compact, appressed, rigid sprite,.
Involucrum many cleft, the exterior segments very short, the interior
a little longer than the flower, all rigid and somewhat  pungent.  Ca-
lyx 3 valved ; the accessory valwe about half the length of the others ;
proper valves nearly equal, 5—7 nerved.  Valves of  the corolla equal,
rather longer than the calyx.  Anthers purple.  Stigmas feathered,
white.
  For this  species I am indebted to Dr. Baldwin,  who found it on
Jekyl  Island, Georgia.
  Flowers                                  Spiny Panicum. 
IIS
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA-
2. L ivigatum.   Muhl. Cat.
   P. glaberrimum; culmo
comprcsso ;  spica tere-
ti  ; spiculis unifloris ;  in-
volucellis aristis decern.
   Plant  very   smooth;
stem compressed ; spike
columnar ; spikelets one
flowered ;  involucels 10
awned.
  Root perennial ?  Stem procumbent, 1—-2 feet high, much compress-
ed, loner joints very short.  Leaves narrow, acute, slightly channell-
ed,  very smooth, frequently longer than  the  stem, margins entire;
sheaths smooth, compressed, lower one  much longer than the joints,
so that the leaves appear  imbricate  and distichous.  Rachis pubes-
cent.  Filaments 3. Anthers purple-  Styles 2, as long as the corol-
la.  Stigmas feathered, purple,  beed nearly smooth.
  This species  has great affinity to tlie P.glaucum.  It differs by its
more compressed stem, its longer leaves, its spikelets  generally one
flowered, and a condla so smooth that transverse striae can only be
discovered by a good lens.
  Grows on the sea islands, (on Edings' plentifully,' along the margins
of the suit water.
  Flowers through the  sumMcr.                Smooth Fanicim.
   Spike  cylindrical;  in-
volucels   two  flowered,
hairy,  fasciculate ; seeds
crossed    by    undulate
wrinkles.
   3. Glaucum.
   P. spica tereti ;  invo-
lucellis bifloris, fascicula-
to-pilosis ; seminibus  un-
dulato-rugosis.    Sp.  pl.
1. p. 335.
   Mich. 1. p. 46.
   P. alopecurodeum,  Walt. p. 72.
  Root annual.  Stem 2-3  feet high, slightly compressed, glabrous.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, very acute, margins serrulate, upper surface
scabrous, t,,e under  nearly smooth.   Spike composed of spikelets
which shoot  out at first several  buds, perhaps one for each awn,
but generally mature only one or two seeds. Awns 8—10, divided inl
to two fascicles, 2-3 times  as long as  the flower.  Calyx 3 valved,
glabrous; the exterior valve  small, ovate, acute, 3 nerved; the next
lanceolate, slightly  mucronate, canc^e, 5 nerved , the interior longer,
nearly flat, with  the  margins inflexed, acute, 5 nerved   Corolta 2


Ser«e°rrCd-  **" ^^ "" corona."'^: 
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA,              113
   We have of this plant three very distinct varieties.
   1.   f'laucum ?  plant growing in small detached ^bunches, 12—18
 hiches hiu;h.  Stem and leaves erect.   Leaves on the upper  surface
 glaucous : spikelets 1 flowered ;  rachis pubescent, almost toinentose ;
 awn sometimes tinged with purple.
   2.   Flavescens.   Stem procumbent, taking root at the lower joints,
 2—3 feet long: leaves Ions, decumbent; rachis  villous; spikelets 1
 flowered; the whole plant has a yellow hue.
   3.   Purpurascens.  Somewhat decumbent, 12—15 inches high;
 leaves short, expanding, upper pait of the stem naked ;  spike small ;
 rachis hirsute;  spikelets frequently 2 flowered ; transverse wrinkles
 of the seed much coarser in this than in the  preceding varieties ; awns
 purple, and the glumes of the mature seed.
   Dr. Muhlenberg once considered this variety as a distinct species,
 which he proposed to call  P. medium, as intermediate between  P.
 glaucum and germanicum.  He however omitted it in his catalogue,
 and I have for the present arranged it  here.
   Grows. The 1 st. near Charleston, appearing to prefer the vicinity of
 salt water : the 2d every where excepting in inundated lands ; the 3d.
tki dry sandvpastures; on Paris Island, common.  Found  also  on
 Charleston neck.
   Flowers through the whole summer.         Glaucous Panicum.


    4. CORRUGATIAVT.  E.
    P.* spica tereti, compo-    Spike terete, compound,
 sita, sctosa; spiculis mul-  bristly;   spikelets  many
 tifloris  (7—10) ;  corollis  flowered, (7—10);corol-
 transversc  rugosis.  E.    la transversely rugose.
   Stem 2 —3 feet high, terete, slightly  scabrous.  Leaves 8—-12 inches
 long, 3 lines wide, acute, very  scabrous ;  upper sheaths«Jonger than
 the joints, scabrous;  stipules hairv.  9Flowers  in a compact, terete
 spike, 6 inches Ion-, composed of many appressed spikelets; 7—10
 fertile  flowers, and as  many sterile on each spikelet.  Involucrum,
 a bristle at tiie base of each  floret, whether  sterile or fertile. 3 or 4
 times as long as the floret.  Calyx 3  valved ; accessary valve half as
 long as the proper valves, all  5 nerved  .Corolla as long as the calyx;
 exterior valve and the seed transversely wrinkled.  Anthers and Stig-
 mas dark purple.
   This species has much resemblance to the P. Ttalicum, but is smaller,
 and its Mowers have the structure of the P. glaucum.
   Sent to me from Savannah  by  Dr. Baldwin.
   Flowers                                Wrinkled Panicum.
                                 •

    5.  Italici m.
    P. spica composita, basi |   Spikes compressed, nod-
 interrupta, nutante ; spi- | ding, interrupted at base ;
 culis glomeratis ;  involu- | spikelets clustered; invo-
                         o 
114
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
lucels  with bristles much
longer  than  the  flower;
rachis tomentose.
cellis setaccis More multo
longioribus; rachi tomen-

tosa.   Sp.pl. 1. p. 336.

   Walt. p. T2.
  Root perennial.  Stem 2-10 feet high, erect, a little  compressed.
Leaves nearly  3  feet long,  U inches wide,  channelled, scabrous;
sheaths as long as the joints, scabrous without, glabrous within, the
throat and margins near the throat, ciliate.   Spikelets many flowered,
at the base of the spike a little remote, towards the summit crowded,
ju.ns 4_6 times a> long as the flower, 2, 3,  or more, at the base of
each floret, perhaps one only  for each bud.   Rachis angled, very vil-
lous, not tomentose.  Calyx 2 flowered,  hermaphrodite and  male,
nearly  as  in  P. glaucum.   Corolla smooth; of the  male flower,
one  Valved, membranous, as long  as   those of the  hermaphro-
dite flower; the margins inflexed,the angles nerved and ciliate.  Fil-
aments 3.  Anthers  pale yellow.  Stigma  feathered, purple ?   Seed
very smooth.
  Grows in ponds and wet soils.
  Flowers August—September.           Large-spiked Panicum.
   Spikes alternate and by
pairs  ;   spikelets  subdi-
vided ;   glumes  awned,
hispid;  rachis five angled*
   6. Curs Galli.
   P. spicis  alternis,  con-
jugatisque ;  spiculis sub-
divjsi.s;  glumis aristatis,
hispidis; rachi quinquan-

gulaii.   Sp. pl. l.p. 337.
   Mich. 1. p.  46.
   P. hirtellum,  Walt, p  73.

  Root annual.  Stem erect, 2—4 feet high, terete, glabrous.  Leaves"
1—2 feet  long, 6—10 lines wide, channelled, somewhat  scabrous,
acutely serrulate.   Floivers crowded on spikes which form a terminal
panicle.  Rachis very scabrous, hairy.   Calyx 2 flowered, hermaph-
rodite, and neuter; accessory valve very small, terminated by a short
awn ; exterior valve lanceolate,  corrcave, with an awn 5 times its own
length ; interior lanceolate, flat,  with an awn 10 times its own length ;
valves nerved, and hispid.   Corolla slightly pubescent; valve of the
neutral floret small, lanceolate,  membranous.  Filaments 3. Antherg
saffron foloured.  Stigmas feathered, purple.  Seed smooth.

  Of this species we possess three remarkable varieties.
  1. muticum, valves of the calyx without awns, only acuminate and
hispid.   Rachis scabrous, not hairy.
  2. aristatum, as described above.  Awns sometimes shorter.
  3. hispidum.    (P. hispidum, Muhl.  Cat.) with  the sheath  of tha
leaves .very hispid, the bristles glandular and jointed.  Awns short**
than in tlie second variety. 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.             H5
  Grows.  1 rare.  2 very common in  wet ground ;  well known to
rice planters as the red shank grass.  3 on Eding's  Island, arouud
ponds.
  Flowers through the summer.             Cocksfoot Panicum.


   7. Walteri.           |
   P.  spicis alternis,  sub- j    Spikes alternate, gen-
appressis,  unilaterifloris; j erally appressed, flower-
floribus  triseriatis,  muti- | ing on one side; flowers
cis ; gemmis  bifloris.   E. |  in 3 rows, unawned; buds
                             | 2 flowered.
   P. dimidiatum,  Walt. p. 72.
  Root annual ?  Stem  erect, strict,  2  feet high,  slender, glabrou*.
Leaves 4—6 inches long, 2—3 lines wide,  glabrous, expanding hori-
zontally ; sheath open, glabrous, generally  shortenthan the joints, at
the throat ciliate.   Spikes 7—12, the lower ones remote, about 1 inch
lour.   Rachis triquetrous, scabrous.  Calyx 2 flowered, hermaphro-
dite, and male.   Valve of the small flower lanceolate, nearly  flat,
with the margins inflected,  as large as those of the  hermaphrodite
flower.  Filaments 3.   Anthers purple; of the  male  flower  similar.
Stigmas purple.
  This species sometimes approaches  to  the var. muticum, of  the
P. Crus Galli, but its spikes are always seller and more remote ;
its flowers too are smaller, and the calyx less hairy.
  Grows in  damp soils.  On Charleston neck, common.  Maclfeod's
pond, 6£ miles from Savannah, on the Ogechee road.
  Flowers through the summer.              Walter's Panicum.

   8.  Hirtellum.
   P.  spica   composita;       Spike    compound ;
spiculis  appressis,  alter-   spikelets  appressed,  al-
ms ;  calycis valvulis om-   ternate ;  valves  of  the
nibus  aristatis,    extima   calyx all awned, exterior
longissima.   Sp.   pl.  1. | awn very long.
p. 340.                     |
   Mich. 1. p. 47.
  Root perennial.   Stem procumbent, creeping, sometimes ascending,
slightly compressed, hah»y, particularly at the joints.  Leavus ovate-
lanceolate, acute,  scabrous, undulate, sprinkled with short hairs, the
base  almost contracted to a petiole, which afterwards dilates into a
sheath  shorter than the joints, with the margin  and throat hairy.
Spikes compound, remote, composed of spikelets  5—8 flowered, re-
sembling fascicles. Rachis short, angled, villous.  Calyx I flowered;
a\\ ns all purple ;  that of the accessory valve the longest.  Anthers
white.  Stigmas feathered, sanguineous 
US
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
  I can  find nothing in the structure of the flower to authorise the
expression -calvcibus geminis" in the specific character by Linmeus.
I have therefore omitted it.
  Grows in rich, dry, shaded soils.
  Flowers August—October.
Creeping Panicum.
f
   9. GlRBUM.   E.
   P. racemis multifloris,  j    Racemes many flower-
appressis, spicarn teretem  | ed, appressed. resembling
referentibus; calycis val-
vulis conspicue  nervosis,
exteriore basi gibba; flo-
ribus caducis.   E.
a columnar spike; valves
of  the  calyx   strongly
nerved, the  exterior gib-
bous  at  base;   flowers
caducous.
and erect,  columnar, glabrous;
  Leaves linear-lanceolate, some-
  Root annual ? Stem ascending
lower joints sometimes taking root
what scabrous, pubescent, expanding ; sheaths snorter than the joints,
the lower ones hispid, the upper nearly smooth.   Calyx 2 flowered,
hermaphrodite and neuter; nerves of the valves like ribs ; valves
loosely appressed, and like the whole plant, tinged with dark purple.
Corolla, valves  of the hermaphrodite flower only half as long as the
calyx ; of the neutral flo*It, a little  shorter than the calyx.  Anthers
white.
  Grows in damp and wet soils.
  Flowers through the summer.               Purple Panicum.
   10.  MoLLE.
   P. spicis paniculatis, al-
ternis, secundis, patenti-
bus; spiculis approxima-
tis, pedicellatis, secundis,
muticis.  Sp. pl. 1. p. 340.
   Spikes  panicled, alter-
nate,  expanding, flower-
ing  on  one side; spike-
lets  approximate,  pedi-
cillate, on one side, awn-
less.
   Mich. l.p. 47.

  Root fibrous, perennial.   Stem erect, 4-6 feet high, columnar, be-
low smooth, towards the summit cloathed with soft down, the  joints
tinged with purple, and pubescent.  Leaves 12-18 inches long, gla-
brous, channelled,  the margins nearly entire; the sheath as long as
the joints, glabrous; the throat ciliate, pubescent and  purpb on  the
outside,   blowers in racemes  buds in two rows, 2-3 flowered, one
or two of winch are frequently abortive.  Rachis triquetrous, very
villous.  Calyx two valved ? two flowered, hermaphrodite and  male :
valves concave, acute, hairy, the exterior a little  longer.  Corolla of
tiie hermaphrodite flower two valved, shorter than the calvx    of the
male flower one valved, membranous, as  long as the calyx.  ' Anthers 
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
uy
 rinrple.   Stigmas purple.  Nectarinm a two lobed gland, nearly a?
 oii'j as the germ.
  AIIhmI  to the genus Milium.
  Grows in the  valiies of the sea islands, on Chaplin's  Island parti-
cularly.  Plant salt and bitter.
  Flowers August—September.                 Soft Panicym.
   11.  GYMNOC ARl'ON.   E.
   P? spicis paniculatis  ;
spiculis  biseriatis,  pauci-
floris ;  calycis valvis sub-
fuqualibus,    patentibus,
corolla   multo   longiori-
bus.   E.
    Spikes    paniculate;
spikelets  in   two  rows,
few flowered ; valves of
the  calyx nearly  equal,
expanding,  much longer
tlian the corolla.
  Root fibrous, perennial.  Stem erect, 2—4 feet high, triquetrous ? gla-
brous.  Leaves 12—14 inches long,cordate, glabrous, withthe margins
finely serrulate ; sheaths as long as the joints,'striate; stipules obso-
lete.   Panicle  simple ; branches  clustered, opposite, or alternate.
Flowers  in two rows, on  one' side of the branches, in small spikes
S—5 flowered.  Calyx 3 valved ; valves lanceolate, 3 nerved,slight-
ly keeled, nearly  ot an equal, lengtn;  the interior  with the point
slightly inflected.   Corolla 2 valved, not half as lon^- as the calyx ;
the valves equal, cartilaginous.   Anthers and Stigmas? purple.  As
the valves of the calyx do not close, the seed as it matures  becomes
very conspicuous, as in Scleria.
  From specimens collected near Savannah, by Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers August—September.
   ** Paniculatce.
   a.  Floribus   confertis
racemosis.
   12. Geniculatum.
      ** Flowers in panicles.
      a. Flowers croivded in
   racemes.
Muhl. Cat.
   P.  culmo assurgenti,
geniculate,   glaberrimo ;
paniculis terminalibus, ax-
illaribusque, diffusis,  pa-
tentibus ;  vaginis  folio-
rum inflatis.  E.
   Stem ass urgent,  geni-
culate,  very  glabrous  ;
panicle terminal and  ax-
illary,   diffuse  and  ex-
panding ;  sheaths of the
leaves  inflated.
   P. dichotomiflorum ?  Mich. 1. p. 48.
   P. miliaceum,  Walt. p. 72.

  Root  annual.  Stem 3—6 feet high, sometimes at base nearly au
inch in  diameter, very much bent and branching at every joint.
r 
US
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
Leaves 6-24 inches long, 6-10 lines wide, hairy and scabrous on
the uoper surface, Jabrous on the under; sheath shorter than the
joints; nearly smoot!,, a little hairy at base, very much inflated when
vounJ; stipules bearded.  Panicles large.   Calyx one flowered; ac-
cessor^ valve very short, and generally acute. Anthers saffron-colour.
Sii^nut< purple.  Nectaries, 2 ovate, compressed, white glands at the
ba>e of the germ.
  Grows in wet  oils.  In rice fields common.
  Flowers August—October.             Geniculate Panicum.
                                     Large Water Panicum*.
    Stem    compressed ;
sheaths hairy, ancipitous;
panicles racemose, pyra-
midal,  with the  flowers
appressed; branches fre-
quently divaricate.
   13.  Anceps.   Mich.
   P. culmo  compresso;
vaginis  pilosis,  ancipiti-
bus :  panicula racemosa,
pyrami.iata,  floribus  ap-
presssis  ;   ramulis   ple-
rumque divaricatis    E.
   Midi. 1. p. 48.—Pers. 1. p. 84.
  Root perennial.  Stem 2—4  feet high, erect, geniculate near the
base, branching, much compressed.  Leaves 6—18 inches long, 2—3
lines wide, hairy, serrulate ; sheaths longer than the joints ; stipules
membranous.   Panicle oblong, frequently turned  much to one side,
branches alternate and by  pairs, expanding, and  divaricate, some of
them occasionally bending down as if.broken.  Flowers in crowded
racemes.  Calyx 5 valved, 2 flowered,  hermaphrodite and neuter;
valves acute, somewhat keeled, proper valves compressed at the joints.
Corolla shorter than the calyx ; valve of the male floret ciliate.  An-
thers and Stigmas purple.
  Varies very much in size  and pubescence.
  Grows in ditches, and wet soils.  Common along roads.
  Flowers August—November.            Compressed Panicum.
   14.  HlANS.  E.
   P. glabrum; culmo gra-
cilis  decumbente ;  pani-
cula racemosa; valva flo-
ris neutri elongata, con-
cava, hiante.  E.
P. divaricatum ? Mich. 1.
   Stem   glabrous,  slen-
der,  decumbent;  pani-
cle racemose;  valves of
the  neutral  floret  long,
concave, gaping.
p. 50.
  Annual ?  Stem 10—15 inches high, slender, decumbent; slightly
geniculate.  Leaves linear, acute, fringed near 'the base ; sheath short,
contracted  and a little hairy  at the throat.   Panicle small,  with
branches remote, expanding,  bearing their flowers  in  small  clus-
tered racemes.  I alves of the calyx generally 3 nerved, ovate, acute', 
TRTANDRIA DIGYNIA.              419
the interior valve the largest.   Corolla, of  the fertilelfloret 2 valved,
ovate, cartilaginous, as large as the interior valve of the calyx ; of the
sterile floret one valved,  larger than the calyx, acuminate, membra-
nous, particularly along the margin, concave, for.ning with the in-
terior valve of the calyx a neutral floret, open at the summit.
  This is probably the P. divaricatum of Michaux.   The neutral floret
however is not pedicillate; the other dift'erences may easily l\ave arisen
from difference of soil  and situation.  As  Linngeus had  already em-
ployed this name, I have given one which appears more characteristic
of this species.
  Grows in damp pine barrens.  Very abundant near Micharx'- old
farm, 10 miles from Charleston.
  Flowers August—October.                  Gaping Panicnm.
 b. Flowers scattered,'sol-
itary.

   Panicle with the lateral
racemes  simple;  leaves
ovate-lanceolate, hairy at
the throat.
   b. Floribus diffusis so-
litariis.
   15. Latifoliuw.
   P. panicula racemis la-
teralibus simplicibus; fo-
liis ovato-lanceolatis, col-
lo  pilosis.   Sp.  pl.  l.  p.
350.   #
   Walt p. 73.
   Mich. 1. p. 49.
  Root perennial.  Stem procumbent, about 1 foot high, columnar,
pubescent, sometimes branching.   Leav.s almost heart-shaped, gla-
brous, pale  underneath, finely serrulate; 3—4 inches .loag, 1—!J
wide, embracing the stem; sheath hairy, at the throat, base, and ah>;ig
the  margins bearded.  Calyx 2 flowered, hermaphrodite aad  neuier,
pubescent; flowers large.   ( orolla, valves of the hermaphrodite flow-
er as large as the calyx, of the neuter smaller. Anthers and Stigmas
purple.
  Grows in dry, rich  soils, preferring shade.
  Flowers through the summer.          Broad-leaved Panieum.
16.  Scoparium.   La Marck.
   P.  culmo,  vaginisque
villosissimis;  foliis supra
glabris;   panicula pauci-
flora;   floribus  obovatis
majusculis.   E.
   Stem and sheaths very
villous ;  leaves glabrous
          upper suiface ;
          few   flowered ;
           obovate,   very
on  the
panicle
flowers
large.
• 
12Q              TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
  Root perennial.  Stem erect, about 2 feet high, sometimes branch-
ing, columnar, almost !:i-pid.  Leaves 3—6 inches long. 1---H  inches
wide, serrulate, slightly waved, pubescent and soft  underneath, gla-
brous, though  sometimes  sprinkled  v.ithliair on the upper surface.
Flowers larger than in any other of our species.  Calyx 2 flowered,
fcermaphrodite and neuter,'pubescent: accessory valve ovate,  acute,
small; proper valves obovate.  Corolla, valve of the neutral floret
ene half as large as those of  the hermaphrodite.   Anthers and Stig-
mas dark purple.  Nectaries, two giands at  one side of the  gvenn,
obovate, unequally two cleft at tlie summit.
  Grows in shaded places.  Somewhat rare.  From  the P. viscidum
it differs,  by  its floWers twice as  large, by its leaves glabrous on
the upper surface, by its stem not viscid, nor marked by the ring
which characterises the other species.
  Flowers April—May, perhaps through the summer.
                                     Large seeded Panicum.
   Panicle expanding, few
flowered ;  flowers
large ;
lanceolate, ciliate at base;
sheaths hairy.    t
,   uv.,v,0  very
caves  narrow-
   17' Pauciflorum.   E.
    P.  panicula  patente
pauciflora;  floribus  ma-
jusculis;  foliis  angusto-
lanceolatis,  basi  ciliatis ;
vaginis pilosis.   E.

  Root perennial.  Stem 12—18 inches high, erect, slightly  genicu-
late, and disposed to branch at every joint, a little roughened. Leaves
3—4 inches long, 3—4 lines wide, lanceolate, very acute, very  gla-
brous on the upper surface, a little roughened on the under, fringed
with long  hairs, particularly near the base ; sheaths shorter thau tlie
joints, hairy, with the throat bearded.  Panicle small.  Flowers sol-
itary, racemose, oval, slightly pubescent; accessory valve very small.
Anthers ? and Stigmas dark purple.
  Grows in close damp soils.  In Georgia, not very  rare.  Resem-
BFes P. Scoparium  in  fruit, and  P. villosum  somewhat in habit^
much more glabrous than either.
  Flowers May.                       Few-flowered Panicum.
   48.  VlRGATUM.
   P.  culmo foliisque gla-
berrimis;  panicula diffu-
sa, maxima; glumis acu-
minatis, Isevibus.  E.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 352.
   Mich. 1. p. 48.
   Clayton, p. 12, No. 578 and 606.
   Stem  and leaves very
glabrous;  panicle  diffuse,
very large ;  glumes acu-
minate, smooth. 
                 TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA,               131

  Root perennial.  Stem 4—6 feet high, erect,  columnar.  Leaves
A—2 feet long, i inch wide, slightiv channelled, sometimes irregular-
ly serrulate; sheath shorter than  the joints ; stipules fringed.  Pani-
cle pyramidal, the central branches frequently verticillate.  Calyx 2
flowered, hermaphrodite and male; accessory  valve one third shorter
than the others, acuminate, nearly awned: the others concave, acumi-
nate.   Corolla, valve of the male  floret lanceolate, as long as the ca-
lyx.   Anthers purple,   stigmas white ?
   Grows along the margins of the salt water.  Very common on the
sea shdre, but not altogether confined to saline soils.
   Flowers August'—September.              Sea-shore Panicum.
   19. Amaruivi.   E.
   P.  glab*errimum ; foliis
crassis,glaucisquc ; pani-
cula  appressa ;   glumis
acuminatis.   E.
   Plant  very  glabrous;
leaves  thick,  glaucous ;
panicle appressed; glumes
acuminate.
  Root perennial ?  Si em 2—3 feet high, columnar, thick, nearly an
half inch in diameter.  Leaves nearly  flat, almost coriaceous, the
margins very entire ;  sheaths shorter than the joints, tinged with yel-
low ;  the throat contracted, purple ; stipules villous.  Panicle large,
branches all appressed.   Floicers  very  large.   Peduncles, which in
every other species are very scabrous, and  generally hairy, are gla-
brous  and  nearly  smooth.   Calyx 2 flowered, hermaphrodite and
male; valves glabrous and tinged with purple.   Corolla, valve of the
male floret as large as those of the hermaphrodite.  Anthers orange-
coloured.  Stigmas purple.  Nectaries  2, ovate at the base of the
germ.
  Grows among the sand hills on  the sea shore.  Leaves excessively
bitter.   Walter, in his P. coloratum, seems to have confused this with
tlse preceding species.  They appear "to me very  distinct.
  Flowers October.                           Hitter Panicum,
20.  SCABRIUSCCLUIM.   E.
                                   Stem  erect, large, and
                                with the under surface of
                                the leaves scabrous; pan-
                                icle large, pyramidal, ex-
                                panding; flowers  ovate,
                                acute, glabrous.
  Root 2—3 feet high, terete, slightly pubescent and scabrous. Leaves
linear-lanceolate, 3—6 inches lonjt, acute, glabrous on the upper sur-
face, pubescent and a little scabrous on the under,  sharply serrulate;
sheaths  long, but shorter than the joints, striate, pubescent, slightly
   P.  culmo erecto, ma-
jUsculo. foliisque   subtus
scabriusculis ;   panicula
ma j uscula,   pyramidata,
patente; floribus  ovatis,
acutis, glabris.   E. 
122
TltlANHRTA DIGYNIA.
Bcahrou*. contracted and hairv at the throat.  Panicle  large,  8—16
inches lonS, diffused, the  branches glabrous.   Flowers of a .mddlmg

S1Tn habit resembles P. virgafum, but every way smaller ; differs also
in its pubescent stem and leaves.
  Sent to ine from Savannah by  Dr. Baldwin.
  F1  ers                           Hough-stemmed Panicum.
   21. Nervosum.   Muhl
   P. c'uliuo   erecto,  gla-■
bro  ;   fcliis   lanceolatis,
acutissimis, nervosis, sub-
cordatis,  basi  vaginaque
ciliatis ; panicula diffusa :
floribus  majusculis.   E.
   Stem  erect, glabrous;
leaves  lanceolate,  very
acute," nerved,   slightly
cordate,   the tee  and
sneath  ciliate ;   panicle
diffused ;  flowers large.
  P. brevifolium ?  Walt. p. 73.
  Perennial.   Stem about 2 feet high, terete, glabrous.  Leaves lan-
ceolate, 3—3 inches long, scabrous on the upper surface and margins,
glabrous underneath, fringed at the base and along the margins of .the
sheath ; stipules obsolete ; nerves of tlie leaves more conspicuous than
usual in this genus. Panicle diffu ed.  Flowers on  slender  pedun-
cles, pubescent, rather large.  Aethers and Stigmas dark purple.
 . This species has  some resemblance to P. latifolium, but is taller; its
leaves are narrower  and less cordate ; its panicle larger, while the
flowers are smaller, and do not form such regular racemes  on the
lower branches.
  Grinvs in dry, shaded soils.
  Flowers May—July.     »,              Nerved-leaf Panicum.
   22. MULTIFLORUM.   E.
   P. culmo  erecto,  sim-
pliti, glabro;  foliis  lato-
lanceolatis,  basi pilosis ;
panicula ramosissima, pa-
tente;   floribus  parvuiis,
pubescentibus.   E.
Stem
glabrous
            erect,  simple,
          ;  leaves broad,
lanceolate, hairy at base;
panicle  much branched,
expanding; flowers small,
pubescent.
^  Perennial.   Stem 2—2i feet high, terete, glabrous.  Leaves 4-^6
mcUis long, 1  wide, glabrous,  smooth, with the edges scabrous, and
sluhtly undulate ; hairy and ciliate at the base ; sheaths slWitlv pu-
bescent ; stipule obsolete.   Flowers in a long panicle, muclTuivided,
small, (about the size of those of P. barLulatum), pubescent, oval  Ac-
cessory valve of the calyx very minute.  Anthers and Stomas dark
purple.                                            °
  Grows in shaded, dry soils,
  Flowers  May-July.                Many-flowered Panicum. 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA*              123
    Pubescent ;   panicle
diffused ; flowers oblong,
oval, hairy; leaves ovate-
lanceolate, slightly  cor-
date.
   23.  Ovale.
   P. pubescens ;  panicu-
la diffusa; floribus oblon-
gis, ovalibus, pilosis; foliis
ovato-lanccolatiii, subcor-
datis.

  S*:>ii> 1—2 feet high, terete.  Leaves 3—4 inches long 4—6 lines
wide, hairy at base, and more cordate thvn usual in grasses ;  sheath
shorter than the joints, except the upper ones, which are sometimes
crowded,contracted at the throat.  Panicle many flowered,  blowers
when young elliptic. Accessory valves of the calyx about one third
tlie  length of the real valves.
  This  species is distinguished among my specimens by the  figure of
its  flowers. It varies much in pubescence ; some specimens being
villous in every part, and others almost glabrous; the calyx is always
hairy.
  Grows in Carolina and Georgia.  Sent from St. Mary's, Georgia,
by Or. Baldwin.
  Flowers.                          Oval-flowered Panicum.
   24?.  Lanuginosum.
   P. pubescens; panicu-
la  diffusa,  subcapillari;
floribus  ovalibus, parvu-
lis ;  foliis angusto-lancc-
olatis;  vaginis  collo vil-
losis.  E.
  Perennhil.
                                  Pubescent ;   panicle
                              diffused, somewhat capil-
                              lary; flowers oval, small;
                              leaves  narrow   lanceo-
                              late;  sheaths  villous  at
                              the throat.
            Stem 1—-2 feet high, pubescent, hoary.   Leaves linear
or narrow-lanceolate, acute, cloathed with short down ; sheaths shorter
t\a:i the joints, very hairy or woolly at and near the throat.  Panicle
expanding.  Flowers small, obovate, nearly roujid.
  This ij an intermediate  species beUveeu I'.visciduai and  P. stri-
gosum, smaller than the  former, and every way larger than the  lat-
ter.   Tne peduncles, which  are hairy in the P. strigosum, are smooth
in this species.  Its flowers are scarcely half as large as those of the P.
villosum, to which it has in habit some resemblance, and smaller than
those of the P. multiflorum.
  Grows in Georgia.   Sent  to ine by Dr. Baldwin.
                                   Woolly-joir.ted Punicum.
   Viscidum.  E.
  P. pubcntissimum, can-
cscen?, viscidum;  culmo
   Whole   plant    very
downy, hoary, glutinous: 
12%
■fRlANDRlA  DIGVNIA.
infra   nodos
glabro.   E.
annulatim
the  stem  beneath  each
joint   marked  with   a
smooth ring.
   Mich. l.p. 49.
  Root perennial.  Stem erect and decumbent, 2—4 feet high, branch-
ing viscid, particularly near the joints, just below each joint a ring
about 2 lines wide, aopears smooth, though it is not entirely so. Learn
3—6 inches lon^. l-li . inch wide, a little cordate, very solt, friii'ied,
sometimes  undulate: deaths v scid.  Panicle expanding.   I low-
ers  rather  distant, obovate, of a  middling size.   Calyx-2 flowered^
hermaphrodite and  neuter, pubescent.  Corolla, valve of the neutral
flower verv small.  Anthers and Stigmas purple.
  Grows i':i damp, close soils.  Stem sometimes perennial.
  Flowers June.                             Viscid Pa-mcum.
   26. DicnoTOMUif.
   P. procumbens;  pani-
cula simplici;  culmo su-
perne dichotomo; ramu-
lis fasciculatis.    E.
   Procumbent ;  panicle
simple ;   stem  dichoto-
mous above;   branches
fasciculate.
   Sp. pl. l.p. 546.
   Clayton, p. 12. No. 458.
   Rrot perennial. Stem somewhat perennial, 2 feeth!;h, geniculate,
columnar, hairy, below simple, much branched towards the summit.
Leaves 1—S inches long, 2—4 lines wide, finely serrulate, flat, cloath-
ed wit!, soft down, and hairy ; sheath short and hairy ; stipules beard*
ed.  Panicles small.   Flowers small.  Calyx 2 flowered, hermaphro-
dite and neuter.   Anthers and Stigmas purple.
  In shaded places this plant is  almost glabrous ; in pastures and
exposed situations very pubescent.
  Grows in pastures and  woods.  Common.
  Flowers June—October.            Many-branched Panicum:
   27. Villosum.   E.
   P. villosum ;  culmo e-
recto, subramoso;  pani-
cula pauciflora; floribus
obovatis ;   foliis  erectis,
planis, rigidis.
  Root perennial.  Stem erect, 1-
very villous at "the jo.nts.  Leaves
flat, erect, finely serrulate, hairy;
    Whole  plant villous;
 stem erect, a little branch-
 ed ; panicle few flowered;
 flowers obovate ;  leaves
 erect, flat, ri^id.
-2 feet high, slightly geniculate;
3—5 inches lon^. .}—i lines wide
 sheaths shorter than the joint? 
TRIvNDRTA
DTGYNIA.
125
stipule?, bearded.   Calyx 1  flowered ;  glumes rather obovate.  An-
thers and Stigmas dark purple.  Nectaries 2, turbinate, 2 cleft at the
summit.
  Near P. dichotomum.  Differs in habit and the peri-id of flowering ;
the margin of the  loaves soi.iewhat reflexed, and the whole plant
cloathed with soft, white hair.
  Grows in damp places.  Flourishes through the  winter.
  Flowers April—May.                       Villous Panicum.
   28.  Spiijeroo m?pon.
   P. foliis lineari-lanceo-
latis acutissimis,  basi  va-
la patcnte ;  floribus par-
vulis subrotundis, pubes-
centibus.   E.
   Leaves  linear-lanceo-
late,  very acute, vviiii  tha
ginisquc ciliatis ;  panicu- |  base  and sheath  ciliate ;
p.micle expanding: ft w-
ers  small,  nearly rem id,
pubescent.
  Perennial.  Stem 12—18 inches high, terete, ghibro ,s.  Leaves near-
ly lanceolate, very  acute,  sometimes  acuminate, glabrou-.  a little
scabrous on  the upper surface, fringed at the base with  longhair;
the lower sheaths much longer  than the- joints, sometimes villous at
base.  Panicle expanding, many flowered.  Calyx slightly pubescent.
Corolla nearly globular.  Stigmas pale purple.
  From the P. pubescens, to  which this plant has great resemblance,
it differs in its leaves, which  are coarser,  more rigid, less delicately
nerved, and much  less hairy.   Its flowers too are smaller, and more
spherical.  Both are remarkable for their pale delicate green colour.
  Grows in Georgia.   Dr. Baldwin.
Flo v\ ers April.
Round-seeded Panicum.
29.  Pub esc ens.   La Marck.
Stem erect and decum-
very   glabrou:
bent,
leaves,sheaths, and  flow-
ers  hairv ;  panicle  slen-
der, expanding.
  P. culmo erecto decum-
benteque, glaberrimo; fo-
liis,  vaginis,  floribusque
pilosis;  panicula  graciii,
pate nte.   E.
   P. pubescens ?  Mich. 1. p. 49.
  Root perennial.  Stem 0—18 inches high, rarely branched., Leaves
2—5 inches long, 3—5 lines wide, pale green, flat, ciliate, hairs soft,
almost villous ;  sheath shorter than the joints; stipules bearded.  Ca-
lyx 2  flowered,  hermaphrodite and neuter :  glumes obovate.  Corolla.
glumes of the hermaphrodite flower, a little shorter than the calyx: of
the  neutral floret, twice as short.  Anthers  and Stigmas dark purple.
  Grows in damp, shaded places, flourishing through the winter.
  Flowers March—April.                Hairy-leaved Panicum 
iS6             TRIANDRIV DIGYNIA.
   30.  Stbigosum.   Mul;
   P.   panicula  capillari,
patcnte;pedunculi^ stiic-
tis, pilosis ;  calycibus a-
cutis,  lsevibus ;  foliorum
vaginis hi rs uti ss i m is.
   Panicle  capillary,  ex-
panding ; peduncles strict,
hairy  ;    calyx   acute*
smooth ;   sheaths of  the
leaves very hirsute.
   P. capillare,  Walt. p. 72.   Mich ? 1. p. 47.

  Root perennial.  Stem about a foot high,assurgent and erect, some-
times branched, villous.  Leaves 2—4 inches  long, 5—4 lines/wide,
swiiiptimes acuminate,flat, ciliate and villous;  sheaths as long as the
joint!,, sjmetimes longer  Panicle, for the size of the plant, very
large, much branched.  Flowers small. Calyx  2 flowered, hermaphro-
dite and neuter ; glumes obovate, nearly glabrous.   Corolla, valve of
the neutral floret  very small.  Anthers dark purple.   Stigmas pale
purple ? Nectaries 2, obcordate, longer than the germ.
  From the P. pubescens,  it differs in its leaves, which are wider for
their length, more soft and villous;  in- its panicle, which is much
more divided ; in its flowers, which are smaller and more numerous.
  Grows in damp soils, flourishing through the winter.
  Flowers April.                      Hairy-stalked Panicum.
   31.  ClLIATUM.   E.
   P. culmo decumbente;       Stem    decumbent  ;
foliis  vaginisque  glabris,  leaves  and  sheath  gla-
pulchre ciliatis ;  panicula  brous, and finely ciliate ;
paucittora, patente.   E.    panicle few flowered, ex-
                              panding.
  Root perennial.  Stem 4—10 inches high, terete, smooth.   Leaves
1—2 inches long, 4—6 lines wide, pale green; sheaths as long as the
joints; stipules merely a lacerated margin.  Calyx 2 flowered, her-
maphrodite and neuter ; accessory valve ovate, acute, more than half
tiie length of the proper valves, glabrous; proper valves obovate, pu-
bescent.  Corolla, valve of the neuter floret small.   Nectaries 1, ob-*
cordate, half the length of the germ.   Anthers and stigmas dark pur-
ple.                                          *         r
  Grows in damp soils, flourishing through the winter.
  Flowers March—April.                    Fringed Panicum.
   32  En si folium.   Bald.
   P. parvulum, glabrum;
foliis ovato-lanceolatis a-
cutissiniis,   patentibus  :
   Plant  small, glabrous;
leaves   ovate-lanceolate,
very  acute,  expanding; 
TiJtlANDRlA DIGYNIA.             127
panicula parvula,  pauci-
flora; floribus  subovatis,
pubescentibus.   E.
panicle small, few flower-
ed ;  flowers   somewhat
ovate,  pubescent.
  Perennial.  Stem slender. 12—18 inches high, naked near the sum-
mit.  Leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering to an acute point, glabrous ;
sheaths short, glabrous.  Panicle xery small. Flowers small, ovate or
\j\h\, slightly pubescent.
  This seems to oe au intermediate species between P,ciliatum, and
P. nitidum.
  Grows in damp soils, flourishing through  the winter.  Georgia. Dr.
Balwin.
  Flowers April—May.                Sword-leaved Panicum.
33. Barbulatum.   Mich.
   P. panicula con posita,
patente ; foliis ovato-lan-
ceolatis, paulo acumina-
tis, subdivaricatis ; culmi
nodis barbatis.  E.
                                 Panicle compound, ex-
                              panding ;  leaves  ovate-
                              lanceolate,  slightly  acu-
                              minate,  somewhat  diva-
                              ricate ; joints of the stem
                              bearded.
   Mich. 1. p. 49.

  Root perennial.   Stem slender, generally erect, sometimes genicu-
late, branching near the base, glabrous except at the joints.  Leaves
3—4 inches long, glabrous, not channelled, frequently undulate, hori-
zontal or divaricate, at base contracted, almost cordate ; sheath gla-
brou-,, with the exterior margin  and throat ciliate.   Mowers small.
Calyx 2 flowered, hermaphrodite and  neuter, pubescent.  Corolla,
of the hermaphrodite flower as large as the calyx;  of tlie neuter,  1
valved, small.  Anthers and stigmas purple.
  Varies.  Stem entirely glabrous, and but half the size  of the plant
described;  a very distinct  variety yet resembling the  Barbulatum
perfectly in habit, structure of the panicle, and size of the flower. 'This
variety appears to  be the P. heterophyllum,  Schr.—laxiflorum, La
Marck.
  Grows in damp soils, around pine barren ponds.  Along the dams of
rice fields.
  Flowers April—June, perhaps  later.        Bearded Panicum.
   31. Microcarpon.   Muhl.
   P.  panicula   capillari,      Panile capillary, much
ramosissima,patente; flo-   divided, expanding; flow- 
128
ribus  ovalibus,   ininutis.
glabris ;  IV.liis lineari-lan-
Ceolatis,  da^rrimis.
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.

            ers  oval,  minute,   gla«
            brous ; leaves linear-Ian-
            ceolate, very glabrous.
  rwiaii^, — *i* '  •                            .,111
  8tfm erect terete, ^-^ ^'^I^ E"

IT ^  . "verTa^, X«? .*-!; ,tt.*. -..rter than
[i-'Ajoi A a tittle Lrv at L tVeat.  <'„<,. e t,n?ed ».th purple ,





Cver., and a more leafy stem.         Smdl.flolvered Panicum,
  rlowers                               •*
Nitidum ?  La Marck.
   P. culmo  gracili, suh-
ramos'% i^lalMO ; foliis li-
neari-la.nceolatis ;   pani-
cula ramoH^ima, capilla-
ri; floribus obovatis, mi-
nutis.  E.
   Stem slender, sparing-
ly  branched,  glabrous;
leaves  linear-lanceolate;
panicle very much divid-
ed, capillary;  flowers  o-
bovate, minute.
  Jfoot perennial.  Stem erect, branching near the base, nearly naked
at the summit, terete, g!aWis.  Leaves very acute, sharply serru-
late, a little scabrous, expanding, sometimes reflexed ; sheaths suortei
than the  joints, open, hairv at the throat.  Panicle diffused, each
branch much divided from its base.  Flowers sightly obovate, nearly
spherical, pubescent, very  small  and numerous.  Calyx purple, t,ia
accessory valve verv minute.  Anthers and Stigmas dark purple.
  Resembles P. barbulatum in habit, but the fluwers are smaller, more
numerous, and the joints destitute of a beard.
  Grows in close, damp soils.
  Flowers April—May.             Smallest-flowered Panicum*
36. Melicarium.  Mich.
   P.  caule  debili; foliis
angustis ;  panicula  con-
tracta ;  glumis  membra-
naceis, lanceolatis. suhse-
qualibus:  rudimeuto flos-
culi stipitato.    Pers.  1.
p. 84.
   Mich. l.p. 50.
   Stem  weak ;   leaves
narrow;  panicle contract-
ed ; glumes membranous,
lanceolate,  nearly equal;
rudiments of a floret on
a  short footsalk. 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.               i29
  Very  glabrous.  Leaves long.  Panicle slender, long,  with  few
branches; a rudiment of a neutral floret from the base of the  her-
.niaphn dite flower.  Mich.
  Among the many specimens of Panicum which have passed under
•my inspection, I have  not been able certainly to distinguish this' spe-
 cies.  I insert it from Michaux.
  Grows in Caroling and  Georgia. Mich.
  Stem weak, decumbent,
branching,  and  with the
leaves glabrous ;  panicle
diffuse, slendei  ; pedicels
appressed,  generally two
flowered; calyx muricate.
   37.  Debile.   E.
   P. culmo debili, decum-
bente,  ramoso,  foliisque
glabris ;  panicula gracili,
diffusa; pedicellis appres-
sis,  plerumque   bifloris;
calycibus muricatis.    E.
    P. ramulosum ?  Mich. 1. p. 50.

  Root  perennial.  Stem 2—4 feet  long, geniculate.  Leaves 6—8
inches long, slightly channelled, serrulate ; sheaths shorter than  the
joints, contracted and hairy*at the throat, fringed along the margin ;
*t<pules very short, ciliate and lanceolate. Valves of the calyx lance-
olate, glabrous, roughened with small tubercles.
   Grows in damp, rich, shaded soils.  Generally decumbent, reclining
on othei plants, with long, diffused, straggling panicles.  In open
ground, it is sometimes found erect, with  an  expanding  panicle of
. moderate size ;  but its  slender habit, two flowered peduncles, and
rough calyx always distinguish it.
   Flowers August—October.           Weak-stemmed Panicum.
38.  Angustifoli dm.   E.
   P. panicula pauciflora.
patente ;  foliis sparsis, li-
neari-lanceolatis,   subtus
glabris, parce  ciliatis.  E.
                                .  Panicle  few flowered,
                               expanding;  leaves  scat-
                               tered,   linear-lanceolate,
                               glabrous underneath, spa-
                               ringly  ciliate.  t
  Stem 1—3 feet high, slender, glabrous.   Leaves 4— 8 inches long,
almost linear, fringed with long hair near the base, the upper surface
slightly  roughened ;  sheath shorter than the jpints, a  little hairy.
Panicle small.  Flowers solitary, racemose, pubescent, slightly  obo-
vate.
  1 insert this w ith some hesitation, yet I  know not where to refer
it.  Its fruit resembles P. pubescens, but its straggling habit and lineaj
leaves separate it widely from that species.
  Grows in shaded, dry soils.
  Flowers May ?          *         Narrow-leaved Panicum* 
439               TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA*
39.  Divergens.    Muhl. Cat.
  Stem assurgent,fragile;
panicle  diffuse;  flowers
small, solitary,   on  very
long peduncles. *
   P.  culmo  assurgente,

fragili;  panicula diffusa ;
floribus   parvulis,. solita-
riis, longissime peduncu-

litis.   E.
  Root perennial.   Stem about a foot high, somewhat geniculate and
branched, very brittle.  Leaves subulate, 2-4 inches long, g abrous*
on the under surface, scabrous on  the upper, serrulate ; sheaths  gla-
brous,  longer than the  joints ; stipules membranaceous.  Peduncles
setaceous, frequently 3—4 inches long, supporting a single flower,
sometimes with one or two  branches, tinged with purple, scabrous.
Calyx one flowered ; accessory valve subulate ; proper valves lance-
olate, slightly ciliate.  Corolla a little shorter than the calyx,   An-
thers nearly white,   stigmas purple.                •
  Grows in very dry,sandy soils,  rare.  About Beaufort.  Dr. Ires*
cott found it also near  Charleston.                         .
  Flowers June—August.             Long-peduncled Panicum.

  In a genus so extensive as the Panicum, and where, as  in the last
section, so strong: a resemblance prevails in habit and in the structure
of the panicle, it  becomes extremely difficult without  long culture, to
fix the  limits of each species, and  to mark  its appropriate character.
A change  of  soil and  exposure,  will  produce  variations in a plant
which  mav deceive the most cautious observer; and even in species
really di-tinct, the eye often perceives differences which it is not easy
to express.
  I have  travelled through this  genus with more labour than satis-
faction, although deriving through the whole of it, the most friendly
and  valuable  aid from  the specimens and  notes of  Dr.  Baldwin.
And while i have postponed very many  specimens that perhaps
are real species, I have  probably  admitted  some that  are  only
varieties.   I have been unable to  subdivide the last section, and mark
the divisions by good characters, but to students it may facilitate the
knowledge of this genus, to throw into groups the species that are
nearly allied, marking after  the  manner of Salisbury, (Trans. Lin.
Soc. 6. p.  316 , by stops, the degree of affinity.  The seventh section
includes those that are independent species, and have no close con-
nexion with each other, or with the preceding sections.
   Latifolium,
   Nervosum;

2. Amarum ;
   V in.-arum,
   Scabriusculum.
8.
Multiflorum ;
Ovale,
Lanuginosum
Wicrocarpon.
   Scoparium,
   Pauciflorum,
   Viscidum,
   Dichotomum;

5.  Villosum;
   Sp!v(erocarpon
   Pubescens,
   Strigosum,
   Ciliatum,
   Ensi folium ;
6.
Barbulatum,
Nitidum.

Geniculatumf
Anceps.
Hians.
Debile.
Divergens.
Angustitoliunft 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA,              131
  It would perhaps not be  incorrect to consider with Schreber the
genus Panicum as uniformly possessing a two valved, two flowered
calyx; the valves of the  calyx unequal; one verv small ; one of the
flowers hermaphrodite, the other  masculine or neuter ;  the valve of
the hermaphrodite flower cartilaginous ; the interior valve of the neu-
tral floret generally small  and membranous, the exterior resembling
the calyx.
.._ From the observations in Rees' Cyclopaedia, under the article Pani-
cum. it appears that the most eminent Botanists in Europe are adopting;
Schreber's view of this genus.  It  may,  however,  yet be observed,
that the valves of the fertile floret are invariably cartilaginous, almost
horny; that the interior valve of the neutral  floret,  whether* small or
large, is thin, membranous and  very delicate, while  the interior or
third valve of the calyx, (as usually understood),  is exactly similar in
substance, texture, colour,,nerves, and pubescence to  the  exterior
valve.  In considering the genus as two flowered, we are  obliged not
only to view  the flowers  as dissimilar, but the valves of the sterile
floret as totally unlike each other  in structure and substance.   1 have
therefore, in my descriptions, followed the arrangement of Linnteus,
considering the calyx as three valved, and  the valve of the sterile
floret as the rudiment of an imperfect flower.  Among our species the
P. hians alone appears to corroborate  the  opinion of Schreber.  In
that species, the valve of the  neutral floret becomes conspicuously
large, forming  a distinct floret with the inner valve of the calyx, but
containing not even the rudiment of a stamen.
DIGITARIA.
   Spica? filiform es,unila-
teriflorie.   Calyx  2-val
vis, uniflorus,  valvis in-
tequalibus.    Corolla  2-
vaivis, valvis aequalibus.
   Spikes filiform, bearing
their flowers on one side,
Calyx 2 valved, one flow-
ered, valves unequal.  Co-*
rolla 2 valved,  valves  e^
quaL
   1.  S^NGUINALIS.
   D.  spicis  patentibus ;
spiculis  bifloris, una ses-
sili ;  culmo decumbente,
repente.   E.
   Mich. l.p. 45.
   Panicum sanguinaic,  Sp. pl. p. 342.
   Synthcri^ma prsecox,  Walt. p. 76.
   Clayton, p. l£.
  Root annual.  Stem 1—3 fe*»t long, decumbent and as argent, gei
icuhf<\ taking root readily at the joitn'«. +r-p>t.». srM-n'h.  JL™>->
    Spikes   expanding  7
spikelets 2 flowered, one.
sessile; st^m decumbent5
creeping. 
432
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
4—18 inches long, 3—4 lines wide, hairy, a little scabrous, particular*
lv on the upper surface, the margins sometimes undulate, and vyith
the sheaths tinged with purple ; sheaths shorter than the joints, hairy.
Spikes alternate, opposite  and fasciculate ;  spikelets  in two rows.
Rachis linear, spikelets alternate, affixed to the midrib.  Calyx gla-
brous: exterior valve small, interior twice as large.  Corolla, valves'
equal to the interior valve of the calyx; all lanceolate.  Filaments 3*
Anthers and Stigmas pale purple.
  Grows every where on lands not inundated.  Well known to plan-
ters under the name of crab or crop grass.  It is the most troublesome
grass our planters have to  encouifter in high ground culture, and
though an annual, it is the best grass for hay at present  known in our
low country.
  Flowers through the summer.     Purple Digitaria—Crab Grass/
   2. Villosa.   Walt?
   D. culmo decumbente,
dense  csespitoso;  folio-
rum vaginis villosissimis;
spieulis trifliris ;  floribus
pedunculatis; calycis val-
va exteriore minima.  E.
  Stem decumbent, form-
ing thick tufts; sheaths of
the  leaves very villous;
spikelets    3   flowered;
flowers all on footstalks;
exterior valve of the ca*
lyx  very small.
   D. serotina,  Mich. 1. p. 46.
   Sy ntherisma villosa ?  Walt. p. 77.

  Root perennial,  creeping.  Stem  12—18 inches long, columnar,
hairv at the joints,  geniculate, decumbent, covering with a thick car-
pet the ground it occupies.   Leaves linear-lanceolate, thin, and with
the sheaths very villous.   Spikes  2—3 inches long.   Calyx, the ex-
terior valve scarcely one fourth the size of the interior, pubesceut,-
hairy along the margin.
  Grows generally  in close soils.
  Flowers July—October.                Procumbent Disitaria.
   3. FlLlPORMlS.
   D. culmo erecto ; foliis
subglabri*; spiculis  erec-
tis, trifloris ; floribus ped-
i ellatis ;  cahcis  valvis
subsequalibus.   E.
   D. pilosa ? Mich. 1. p. 45.
   Syntherisma serotina ?  Walt.
   Fanicum filiforme ? Sp. pl. l.
  Stem erect; leaves some-
what glabrous;  spikelets
erect, 3 flowered; flowers
all on  footstalks ; valves
of the calyx nearly equal.
p. 76.
p. 343t 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.               133
   Root perennial ?  Stem 1—2 feet  high, with the leaves and spikes
*>reet, columnar, glabrous.   Leaves narrow, lanceolate, serrulate, gla-
brous on the under surface, a little scabrous and hairv on the upper;
sheaths hairy.  Spikes alternate, 2—8 inches long, filiform, spikelet9
sometimes 2  flowered, pedicels unequal.  Rachis  a little flexuous.
Calyx pubescent.  Anthers purple.  Stigmas bright purple.
   These two last species have been confused in a manner I cannot ex-
plain ; I  have therefore described them from my own observations, and
retained the name which appeared most appropriate. I shall only remark
that they differ  much  in habit; the D. filiformis  is erect even when
detached from other plants, D. villosa creeping and decumbent;  the
erect species has the leaves nearly glabrous, and the  valves of the
calyx  nearly equal; the decumbent is distinguished by its  villous
sheath and unequal calyx.                                  ,  »,
   Grows very common near the ocean, in poor sandy land, whether
moist or dry.
   Flowers September—October.                 Erect DigitaHa.

   4.  Dactylon.
   D ?   culmo   repente  ;      Stem creeping;  spikes
spicisdigitatis,patentibus;   digitate, expanding, flow-
floribus solitariis,  calycis   ers   solitary  ;   valves  of
valvis  subsequalibus.   E.   the  calyx nearly equal.

    Panicum dactylon,  Sp. pl.  1. p. 342.
    Cynodon dactylon,  Pers. 1. p. 85.

   Root perennial.  Stem prostrate, creeping, perennial, terete, gla*
brous.   Leaves 2—4 inches long, 2—3 lines wide, expanding, some-
what distichous,  finely serrulate, slightly  hairy,and scabrous; sheaths
longer than  the joints, hairy; stipules bearded.   Spikes generally 4,
sometimes 3, termin d, expanding from  a common  centre, 2 inches
long.  Calyx, valves  lanceolate,'somewhat carinate, the exterior a
little shorter than the interior.   Anthers  light;  Stigmas dark purple.
Nectaries 2, obovate, white, half 4.he length  of the germ.
   We have two varieties of this plant, one coarser (perhaps a species)
growing  in damp soils, native ;  the other described  above, said to be
imported, a tender delicate grass, growing over and binding the most
arid  and loose  lands  in our country, and  apparently  preferred  by
stock of all descriptions to every other  grass.  The cultivation of this
grass on  the poor  and extensive sand  hills of our irtiddle country
would probably convert them into sheep walks of great value; but  it
grows  in every  soil, and no grass in close rich land is  more-formi-
dable to the cultivator ; it must therefore be  introduced with caution.
   Grows common in the low country, particularly in  loose soils.
   Flowers through the summer.                  Bermuda grass.

   The  plants comprised in  this genus have usually been referred to
the Panicum, but the structure of their flowers  is exactly similar to
the Agrostis, while their habit is distinct  from either. 
134
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA-.
   Calyx 2-valvis, uniflo-
yus. corolla paulo minor.
Stigmata  longitudinaliter
hispila.
   * Aristata?
   1. Arvchnoides.   E.
   A.  panicula  elongata,
gracili; calycibus  corol-
la  vix  longioril)us ;  pe-
talo exteriore dor.-so aris-
t^to ; arista pralonga, de-
biR  E.
AGROSTIS.
          Calyx 2 valved, 1 flow-
       ered,  smaller   than  the
       corolla.    Stigmas longi-
       tudinally hispid.
          *  Awned.
   Panicle  long, slender;
calyx   scarcely  longer
than  the corolla ;  the ex-
terior petal awned on the
back;   awn very  long,
weak.
  Root fibrous, perennial.  Stem erect, 4—8 inches high, slender,
glabrous.  Leaves  linear, 1—2 inches long, slightly scabrous along
the margins ; sheath as long as the joints ; stipule membranous, lace-
rate ?  Panicle long for the size of the plant, branches  capillary;
valves of the calyx equal, lanceolate, acute, the keel serrulate.  Ex-
terior valve of tiie  corolla lanceolate, acute, nearly as long as the ca-
lyx, bearing on the back, above the middle, an awn 5 or 6 times its
own length, and so weak that it resembles the thread of  a spider's
web; interior valve 0, or merely like  a  bristle?  Filament oneP
very short.  Anthers purple,   styles very short.   Stigmas feathered,-
white.
  From specimens collected near Orangeburgh, by Mr. I. S. Bennett.
  Flowers April—May.                  Weak-awned Agrostis.
  I <ould discover but one stamen in each flower. This species ap-
pears to connect very closely the Agrostis and Trichodium.
   2. Tenuiflora.
   A.  paniculse simplicis-
simse,  ramis  appressis ;
corollis aristatis;  aristis
flore longioribus.  Sp. pl.
1. p. 364.
   Panicle  very  simple,
with  the  branches  ap-
pressed*;  corolla awned  ;
awns   longer   than  the
flowers.
  Root perennial.  Stem  decumbent, branched,  terete,  slender,
glabrous, leafy.  Leaves 2—3 inches lonjr, 1—2 lines wide, flat, sca-
brous ; sheaths lon.-er than the joint:  stipules membranous, lacerate.
Calyx 2 valved, valves unequal, acuminate, compressed, keels sea- 
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.              135
brous, shorter tlian the corolla. Awn of the corolla twice or three times
as lonu; as the valve.
  From specimens  brought to me  from Greenville^ S.  C. by Mrs
Moulins.
  Flowers August—September ?


   3.  Seuicea.
  A. panicula Iaxa. diffusa,  |    Panicle lax. diffuse, ca-
capillacea ; calycibus co-  |  pillary; calyx much short-  .
rolla   multo  breviorihus,  |  er than  the  corolla, awn-
aristatis ;   corollse  valva  |  ed ; exterior valve of the
exteriorearistata, demum  |  corolla awned, by age two
bipartita.   E.               j  parted.

   Stipa sericea,  Mich. 1. p. 54.
   Stipa diffusa ?  Walt. p. 78.

  Root perennial, forming very large tufts.  Stem erect, 2—3 fee#'
high, slender, columnar.  Leaves  1—2 feet long, subulate, involute,
glabrous, glaucous on the the  inner surface ;  sheaths glabrous ; sti-
pules membranous   Panicle long, expanding.  Peduncles  I—3 inches
long, capillary, purple.  Calyx much shorter than the corolla ; valves
unequal, awned, sometimes ciliate, purple.  Corolla 2 valved ; the ex-
terior lanceolate, concave,  glabrous,  when old  3 awned; the lateral
awns as long as the valve:  the intermediate 3 times  as long, all
straight and closely appressed ; the  interior valve  a little smaller,
concave, acute, sometimes incised, both purple.  Anthers  feathered.
Stigmas bright purple.
  The structure of the corolla in this flower is somewhat remarkable.
When young, the exterior valve is  entire and simply awned, by a^e
it extends and at the same time splits, so that it  ultimately resembles
an Aristida, with straight appressed  awns. From its 2 valved corolla,
its habit, and  striking aflinity to the next species, I have placed it in
this genus.
  This, though a coarse and useless grass, is  a very beautiful one.
Upon the sea islands it occupies the ground for many acres, and with
its bright purple flowers, and  slender, glossy  peduncles, k appears
when agitated by the wind, to cover the earth with a silken  carpet.
  Grows abundantly among the  sand ridges near the ocean.  Near
Columbia. Mr. Herbemont.
  Flowers September—October.                 Silky Agrostis.


   4. Tuiciiopodes.   E.
   A. panicula  longa,  dif-      Panicle  long,  diffuse,
fusa, capillacea  ;  corollie    capillary ; valves  of the
valvis sequalibus,exteriore   corolla equal, the  exteii* 
136
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
brevi-aristata ;   foliis  li- | or  with  a  short  awn j

nearibus, planis.  E.     | leaves linear,  flat.

   Perennial ?  Stem 2-3  feet high, glabrous,  columnar.  Leaves
8-12 inches long* scarcely I line wide, flat, scabrous ; sheath gla-
brous ; stipules long, membranous.  Panicle nearly a  food long, dif-
fused.  Peduncles long, capillary,  Valves of  the calyx a little un-
eciual, half as long  as the  corolla, membranous.  Exterior valve of
the corolla terminated by a short, straight awn ;  the interior some-
times h line longer  than the exterior, excluding the awn.
  A coarse rush-like grass, growing  in sandy woods and pastures,
forming detached tufts.  If the flower had permitted, I Should have
referetfthe A juncea of Michauxto this snectes.   _
  Found in Chatham county, Georgia, by Dr. Baldwin. Near Charles.
ton.  I believe it is very common in poor, dry soils.
  Flowers September—October.         Hair-panicled Agrostis.
   **  Without awns.
Cat.
   Stem decumbent; pan-
icle pyramidal; branches
semiverticillate,  horizon-
tally expanding ; flowers
crowded  ;   corolla  half
the length  of the calyx.
   **  Muticx.             |
   5. Decumbens.   Muhl.
   A. culmo decumbente;
panicula pyramidata; ra-
mulis  horizontaliter  pa-
tcntibus,    confertifloris,
ser id verticillatis ;  corolla
calyce  dimiaio breviore.
E.

   Root perennial.  Stem 1—2 feet high, geniculate,  taking root
at the  joints,  branching, terete,  glabrous.   Leaves  3—4 inches
long, 4 lines  wide, flat, a little scabrous, slightly glaucous; stipules
ovate, membranous, several branches grow from each joint or bud of
the panicle, giving it a verticillate appearance.  Calyx, valves acute,
concave, not  keeled ; the exterior a little larger.  Corolla, about halt
as long as the calyx; valves lanceolate, acute ; the exterior somewhat
larger.  Filaments3.  Anthers and  Stigmas white.
   Grows around Charleston ;  rare, perhaps imported.  I should have
referred it to A. dispar, Mich, but its size, and the almost equal valves
of the corolla forbade.
Flowers May—June.
Decumbent Agrostis*
   6. DrsPAR.  Mich.
   A. erecta,  majuscula ;
panicula laxa, subverticil-
latim  pyramidata, multi-
flora ; glumse muticae val-
   Erect,  large;  panicle
loose, somewhat verticil-
late and pyramidal, many
flowered  5  of the unawn* 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA,             13?
 vis  exterioribus   multo  ed  glumes  the  exterior
 majoribus; interiorum al-  valve  much the largest 5
 tera  minima.    Mich.  1.  one of the interior  very
 p. 52.                .     .  small.

   With this species I am unacquainted.
   Grows in the low countryof Carolina.  Mich.
   Flowers


    7. Alba.
    A. panicula  laxa; caly-     Panicle  loose ;   calyx
 cibus muticis,sequalibus;  unawned,  equal;   stem
 culmo  repente.   Sp.  pl.  creeping.
 i. p. 371.
   Root creeping,  perennial.  Stem geniculate  and assurgent, 1—2
 feet high, terete, glabrous.   Leaves 2—5 inches long,  1—3  lines
 wide, a little scabrous; sheaths shorter than the joints; stipules ovate,
 membranous.  Panicle expanding ; branches  solitary, by  pairs, and
 verticillate; flowers somewhat crowded near  their summits.   Calyxf
 valves nearly equal;  the exterior rather longer, acute, compressed,
 scabrous, the  keel ciliate, when flowering expanded.   Corolla, the
 exterior valve lanceolate, concave, shorter than the calyx ; the inte-
 rior much  smaller, flat, lanceolate.  Anthers  yellowish.  Stigmas
 white.
   Grows in damp soils.  If originally imported, now much diffused.
   Flowers May—August.              White-flowered Agrostis*


   8.  Juncea ?   Mich.
   A. foliis linearibus, con- j    Leaves  linear,  convcv
 volutis; panicula oblonga,  j lute; panicle oblong, pyra-
 pyramidata;  ramis  ver-  | midal;  branches verticil*.
 ticillatis.   E.                | late.

   A. juncea,  Mich. 1. p. 51.

  Root perennial.   Stem 1—2 feet high, erect, sienderv columnar,'
 glabrous.  Leaves 2—6 inches long, 1 line wide, glabrous, concave,
 convolute when  dry, a little glaucous on the upper surface, margins
 roughened ; sheaths much shorter than the joints ; stipules, a membra-
 nous margin.  Panicle verticillate ; branches in each whorl about 6.
 Calyx purple ; valve  lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; the exterior  only
half as long  as the interior.  Corolla, valves nearly equal, and as long
ns the interior valve of the calyx. Anthers and Stigmas .nearly white.
Nectaries 2, obovate.
R 
138               TRTANORIA  DIGYNIA.
  The leaves of this plant, and its size, which is uniform, scarcely «. -
cord with Uic'uaux's description of the A. juncea; but the flowers
agree so exact'.v that I have adopted his name.   I would have pre-
ferred verticillata,aa its branches are more regularly verticillate than
in any other  grass with which I am acquainted.
  Grows in drv, sandy,  pine barrens.  Common.
  Flowers May—August.                    Rush-like Agrost'iSi


   9. Clandestine    Muhl. Cat.
   Stem  erect;  panicles
appressed,  terminal and
axillary;  corolla hairy.
   A. culmo erecto ; pan-
iculis appressis, terminal-
ibus  axillaribusque;  co-
rolla pilosa.   E.

  Root perennial ? Stem 3—4 feet high, terete, glabrous.   Leaves a-
bout I foot long, 2—3 lines wide, scabrous on the upper surface, gla-
brous on the under, the margins sharply serrulate ; sheaths shorter than
the joints, hairy at the throat.   The lateral  panicles scarcely extend
out of their sheaths.   Calyx, valves acute, entire, glabrous, somewhat
keeled,the keels finely serrulate; exterior valve not half the length of
the corolla; inferior a little  longer than tiie  exterior.   Corolla, exte-
rior valve  acute, keeled, the keel serrulate;  the interior valve much
longer, convolute, the point elongate and scabrous; both hairy. An-
thers and Stigmas white.
  Grows in dry,sa»dy soils.   Common about Beaufort.
  Flowers September—October.        Secret-flowering Agrostis:
  Panicle contracted, un-
awned ;  racemes lateral,
erect, alternate.
   10.   Indic\.
   A.  panicula  contracta,
mutica;  racemis'laterali-
bus,   erectis,    alternis.
Sp. pl.  t. p.  o75.

   Walt. p. 77.
   Mich. 1. p. 52.

  Root perennial.
Leaves 12—18 ine
erect, very g abrous, with the margins finely serrulate, when  dry in!
volute : sheaths shorter than the joints, glabrous. Racemes alternate,
and aggregate.  Calyx 2  valv. d ; valves unequal, the exterior larger
both  lanceolate, acute.   Corolla, valves twice as  long as the eafvx •
the exterior valve acute ;  the interior rather shorter, emarginate  An-
thers purple,  stigmas white.                   ' e,UdrSinate- •««
  Grows in pastures and about buildings   Is supposed  to mark rich
soils   A fine  pasture -ass ; too slender for the scythe.
  Flowers July-lNov ember.                    jndian ^^^

                                             Black-seed grass.
lerennial    Stem 2-3 feet high,  erect, terete,  glabrous.
2- 8 inches long  1-2 lines wide, attenuated to  a thread, 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.             439
   Panicle contracted, un-
awned;  leaves subulate,
involute, rigid, expanding.
   i 1.  Virginica.
   A.  panii-ula contractu,
mutica ;  foliis  involuto-
subulatis, ii'^idis. exstanti-
bus.    Sp. pl.  1. p. 373.

   Wait. p. 77.

  Root creeping, jointed, perennial.  Stem 6—8 inches high, assur*
gent, terete, glabrous ; the lower joints very short.   Leaves somewhat
distichous, about 2 inches long,  very entire, glabrous on the under
surface, a  little scabrous on the upper, and  somewhat glaucous ;
sheath-> longer than  the joints, ciliate at the  throat  Panicle com-
pound, appressed, resembling a spike.  Calyx, the exterior valve half
the length of the corolla, acute, compressed, keeled ; the interior sim-
ilar, and a  little larger than the corolla.  Corolla, valves nearly equal,
compressed,but not keeled; the exterior acute,somewhat mucronate;
the interior obtuse.  Anthers and Stigmas white.   Styles short.
  Grows on the sands inundated by salt water.
  Flowers August—September.             Virginian Agrostis.
STIPA.
   Calyx 2  valved,  one
flowered.   Corolla short.
er, 2  valved.   Awn  ter-
minal, contorted at base,
deciduous,  very long.

   Awns naked; calyx as
long as the seed.
    Calyx  S-valvis,  uniflo-
 rus.   Corolla brevior, 2-
 valvis.  Arista tei minalis,
 basi  contorta,  decidua,
 longissima.
    1.  Avenacea.
   S. aristis nudis; calyCi-
 bus  semen  a3quantibus.
 Sp. pl.  1.  p. 443.
    Walt. p.  77.
   Clayt. p.  15, No. 6 21.
   Stipa bai*bata,  Mich. !. p. 53.
  Root perennial. Stem 2—3 feet high, erect, terete, glabrous. Leaves,
the lower ones 4—6 inches long, the upper 1—2, scarcely one line
wide, glabrous underneath, scabrous on the upper surface :  nerves
pellucid ;  sheaths shorter than the joints; stipules membranous, emar-
ginate.  Panicle diffuse, (e\v flowered; branches  5—7  inches long,
2—3 from each  bud.  Peduncles  1—3 inches  long.  Valves of  the
calyx nearly  equal, membranous, concave, acuminate,glabrous, with-
out nerves, but faintly marked with the  midrib, the point  sometimes
■:\tended  to an awn.  Corolla stipitate. the stipe cloathfd with a short, 
140
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA*
thick  rufous beard ;  valves equal, rigid, rufous, a little shorter thai
the calvx  the exterior concave, obscurely 3 nerved, terminating ,n a
lo"&i'contorted awn, scabrous and bearded with  short hairs
at tl ebase • the interior abruptly acuminate, terminating ma short
a vn   FUaments 3, short.  Anthlrs yellow.  Styles short  Stigmas
plumose, white.  Nectaries lanceolate, acute, as long as the styles,

^GrowfinTich, shaded highlands; flourishing through the winter,
  Flowers March—May.
  Notwithstanding the awn in this plant is  slightly bearded at base,
and the calyx is rather longer than the corolla, I still believe it to be
tlie original species of Clayton.
   2.  Stricta.   La Marck.
   S  panicula  elongata,
ansustata; pedunculis ar-
ticulatis. strictissimis  ;  a-
aristis nudis, subflexuosis.
La M.
   Enc. Met. l.p. 153.
  This plant has the aspect of an Andropogon.
  Collected in Carolina, by Mr. Fraser.
   Panicle  long, narrow ;•
peduncles  jointed, very
straight ;   awns  naked,
somewhat  flexuous*
La Mark;
  3.  Catillaris.  La Marck.
  S.  panicula  capillacea,  I   Panicle capillary, spread-
effusa ;   calyce  corolla  | ing;  corolla three times
tf iplo
nudis.
breviore
 LaM.
anstis
as  long  as  the  calyx
a^vns  naked.
  Collected in Carolina, by Mr. Fraser.
  Of these two species, inserted from La Marck, I have no correct
knowledge.   The last seems to resemble the S. sericea  of Mich.
(\^ rostis sericea of this work).  I have seen in this country no grass
iii&t appears to be a real congener of the S. avenacea.
S4
ARISTIDA.
   Calyx bivalvis.  Corol-
la 2-val\ is; valva interiore
minima, exteriore aristis
tribus terminalibus<
   Calyx 2 valved.   Co-
rolla two  valved ; the in-
terior valve very  small,
the  exterior with  $  tcr*
minal awns*- 
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.              i44
   1. SriCIFORMIS.   E.
   A.  floribus  conf'Ttis,
subspicatis;  arista inter-
media basi villosa.
 Flowers crowded, some-
what spiked; the middle-
awn  villous at base.
  Root perennial.  Stem 1—3 feet high, simple, slightly compressed.
Leaves linear, glabrous, the upper surface and margins scabrous 7
sheaths shorter than the joints, with the throat glabrous.  Flowers in
compound racemes, so much appressed as to  resemble a cylindrical
spike/ (alyx much shorter than the  corolla, slightly compressed,
both valves terminating in awns.  Corolla, exterior valve involute,
terminating in 3 awns, about as  long as the valve; the intermediate
awn longest, and slightly villous at base; inner valve ? very short,
membranous.  Filaments short. Anthers purple.  Styles short.  Stig-
mas plumose, purple.
  Grows in wet pine barrens.
  Flowers September—October.         Spike-flowered Aristida.
  All the  species of this genus grow in poor, sandy soils, and form
tufts of dry, coarse grass.
   2.  Pichotoma.   Mich."
   A. cul mis setaceis. erec-
tis,subdiohotomis; calycis
valvis  corolla  longiori-
bus ;  aristis  lateralibus.
brevissimis,   intermedia
longiore, contorta.   E.
   Mich. 1. p.
  Root perennial, cespitose.   Stem 8—12 inches high, very slender,
rigid, columnar,  glabrous, branching.  Leaves 2—4  inches long,
scarcely exceeding  1  line in  breadth, flat, finely serrulate; sheaths
much shorter than the joints : stipules short, membranous.   Flowers
in racemes, generally simple; a raceme is frequently produced at every
joint.  Valves of the  calyx longer than the corolla, narrow, lanceo-
late, terminating  in short  awns,  particularly the inner valve ; keel
serrulate.  Corolla involute, terminating in 3 awns ; the 2 lateral ones
short,straight; the intermediate larger, longer, but not as long as the
corolla, contorted and bent horizontally.
  This plant is not properly dichotomous; it merely produces a short
branch at every joint.
  Grows in the upper districts of South-Carolina.
  Flow ers                               Branching Aristida.
   Stem setaceous,  ererf,
somewhat  dichotomous;
calvx longer than the co-
rolla;  the  lateral  awus
very short, the  interme-
diate longer, contorted. 
|42              TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
   3.  Gracilis.   E.
   A.  culmo  gracili ;  flo-
 ribus   spicatis;  spiculis
paucifloris,   subremotis,
appressis:  aristis lateral-
ibus brevibus, erectis, in-
termedia longiore, paten-
ts  E.
   Stem  very   slender;
flowers in spikes :  spike-
lets few flowered, some-
what remote, appressed ;
the  lateral   awns  short,
erect,   the  intermediate
longer, expanding.
   Perennial ?  Stem about a foot high, very  slender, branching  near
 the base, and with the whole plant glabrous.  Leaves linear, flat,  1—4
 or 5  inches long, scarcely a line  wide, a little scabrous; sheaths
 shorter than the joints.   Flowers in a lorii; spike; spikelets  2—5
 flowered, closely appressed, not crowded on the spike.  Valves of the
 calyx very acute, a little unequal, about as long as the corolla.   Ex-
 terior valve of the  corolla involute, tranversely banded, terminating
 in 3 awns : the two lateral erect, straight, shorter than the valve  ; the
 intermediate longer than the corolla, bent almost horizontally, but not
 contorted, hairy at the base; interior valve wanting, or very minute;
 keel of the calyx and corolla, and the awn very scabrous.  ttamensS.
 Anthers purple.  Stigmas white.  Styles very short.
   The corolla in the plants I have seen, is so curiously banded  with
 light and dark grey spots not unlike the body and legs of a musquito,
 that if I had supposed them invariable, I should have  called the species
fasciata. From the preceding species, it differs by a longef corolla and
 awns, and the intermediate awn  not contorted ;  from the succeeding,
 by a much more slender habit, and smaller flowers, and in tie awns,
 which in the A. stricta, are all longer than the corolla, and expanding,
   Grows in the vicinity of Charleston.  Common.       »
   Flowers September—October.                Slender Aristida.
   4.  Stricta.   Mich.     %■■•*
   A.  panicula erecta, ap-      Panicle erect, appress-
pressa ; floribus racemo-   ed;  flowers in racemes ;
sis; aristis patentings, co-   awns expanding, twice as
rolla duplo longioribus. E.   long as the  corolla.
   A ich. l.p..
   A. adscensionis,  Walt. p. 74.      m
  Boot perennial, cespitose.  Stem 2—3 feet high, compressed, gla-
brous, branching at base, the lower joints very short.  Leaves neatly
a toot long, 1—2 lines wide, glabrous, with the margins finely serru-
late ; sheaths longer than the joints; throat slightly contracted and
abate, with short hairs.   Panicle  long, flowers   not •  crowded
on the  branches.   Peduncles 1—3 lines long, scabrous.   One valve
ol the calyx_ longer, the other shorter than the corolla : both  narrow
very acute, keeled; the keels finely seirulate.  Exterior valve of the 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.               143
   Panicle erect, appress-
ed ;  flowers in  racemes;
calyx longer than the co-
rolla; sheaths of theleaves
woolly.
corolla involute, hairy at the base.  Awns scabrous; the intermediate
one the Ion.-est, but all twice as long as the corolla ; the. two lateral
ones nearly  divaricate.  Anthers dark purple.   Stigmas plumose,
white.  Seed oblong.
  Grows in poor, sandy sails   Very common.
  Flowers September—October.           Long-awned Aristida.
                          Mb

   5.  Lanosa.    Muhl  Cat.
   A.  panicula erecta, ap-
pressa; floribus racemo-
sis ;  calyce corolla longi-
ore;  vaginis foliorum la-
natis.   E.

  Root perennial,  cespitose.   Stem 2—4 feet  high, terete, hairy
near the base, glabrous towards  the summit.  Leaves about a  foot
long, 2—3 lines wide, nearly glabrous underneath, the upper surface
hairy, and with the margins scabrous;  sheaths longerthan the joints,
covered with a tomentum that  appears parasitical.  Branches of the
panicle woolly at base.  Valves of the calyx very acute, gtabrous, com-
pressed, keel finely serrulate ;  the exterior valve much longer than
the corolla ;  the interior generally  longer, sometimes of the same
length.  Corolla * 2 ? valved ;  exterior valve involute, a little hairy
at base ; awns expanding, as  long as  the corolla, the intermediate
somewhat the longest;  interior valve very small,ovate, flat, greenish
Nectaries 2, obovate.   Anthers very  long, dark purple.  Stigmas
plumose, dark purple.
  In habit very similar to the  preceding, from  which it  differs in
size, being every way larger, in  the proportionally longer calyx,
shorter awns, and the woolly  down with  which the  greater  part of
the plant is covered.
ANDROPOGOX.
 . .F/om polygami, gem-
inati; altero  hermaphro-
dito, sessili;  altero  mas-
culo s. rarius  neutro, ped-
iciilato, mutico.   Pers.
   Flowers   polygamous,
by pairs ;  one hermaph-
rodite, sessile;  the other
male,or more rarely neu-
tral, on  an unawned ped-
icel.
  • Perhaps all the species of this.fenus have, if closely examined, a small
interior valve as long us tlie germ, which it assists in covering. 
144
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA,  ,
    Herm.   Calyx, gum*,
 4-florus.    Corolla gluma
 basi  vel  apice  aristata.
 Staminas.  Styli2.  Se-
 men  l.
   Masc.   CqI.  et   'Cor.
 prioris.  Stamina 3.

   * Species dubia?,  habi-
 tu diverse.
   1.  ClLlATUS.   E.
 A. panicula oblonga, ter-
minali  ;  ramulis glabris;
floribus  geminis; calyci-
bus hirsutis: corolla cili-
ata, arista contorta.*   E.
  Root perennial.  Mem  erect,
at
                                 Herm.   Calyx, glume
                               one floVered.     Corolla,
                                lume  awned  at base or
                                   the   summit.    Sta-
                               mens 3   Styles 2.  Seedi.
                                Masc. Calyx and corolla
                               like  the   former.    Sta-

                               mens 3.
                                 *  Species doubtful, of

                               distinct habits.


                                 Panicle  oblong, termi-
                               nal ; branches  glabrous;
                               flowers  in  pairs';*' calyx
                               hairy; corolla ciliate, with
                               a contorted awn.
                             sometimes  decumbent, 3—4 feet
bigh, terete, glabrous, pubescent at the joints.   Leaves 1—2 feet long,
5—7 lines wide, scabrous somewhat  rigid, a little hairy; sheaths gen-
erally longer than the joints, glabrous, contracted, and naked at the
throat: stipules membranous,entire, not hairy. Panicle naked, some-
what expanding, with several branches from each bud.   Flowers her-
maphrodite and neuter; to the terminal flower are generally attached
two neutral florets.  Pedicelsjiairj.  Calyx, the exterior valve lance-
olate, nearly  flat,  9—11 nerved; the  interior a  little triquetrous,
equal, 5 nerved; both hairy, fringed and minutely bifid  at the sum-
mit.  Corolla, valves xinequal, smaller than the calyx, ciliate; the ex-
terior larger, lanceolate, flat, with the, margins inflexed ; the interior
concave, terminating in  a twisted  awn  twice  as  long as the calyx.
Filaments shorter than the calyx.  Anthers yellow. Styles scarcely
as long as the stamens.   Stigmas feathered, yellowish.  Seed oniony
  Found in the dry pine barrens on Port Royal.
  Flowers September.  ,                 Fringed Andropogm. **

   2. Nut\ns.

   A. panicula ramosa, nu-  |   Panicle branching, nod-
tante ; floribus geminatis,  |  ding ;   flowers  by pairs,

aristatis;  calycibushirsu-|  awned,   with  the  calyx

  * I regret that I did not arrange the  Erianthus immediately before this genus.
The number of Stamens is too variable among the Andropo^ons to form a generic
charactef, and this species  too nearly allied"to th- E. contortus to be separated
trom n; yet whde it has the awn and h -bit of the Erianthus, it is distinguished
by its neutral florets, and the want of a  hairy involucrum. 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.                *46
tis;hermaphroditosessili, | hairy ;   the  hermaphro-
masrulo  pedicellato,  ca- | dite  sessile, the  male on
duco.    Sp.  pl.  4. p 906. | a pedicel, caducous.

   A. avenaceum ? Mich. I. p. 53.
   Stipa villosa ?  Walt. p. 78.

  Root perennial.   Stem erect, 3—6 feet high, terete, glabrous, with
the lower joints thickened, and  sometimes producing root*  Leaves
1—2 feet long, 3—4 lints wide,  scabrous ; sheaths longer than the
lower joints, contracted at the throat; stipules membranous.   Puui-
cle compound, loose, nodding.  Flowers on short peduncles, with two
neutral  florets to each fertile one ; pedicels of the  neutral florets  as
long as the calyx of ihe fertile, thickened at the summit, very  hairy.
Calyx, valves equal, of a dark brown colour, shining, yet hairy, ob-
tuse, and fringed at the .summit.  Corolla membranaceous, much shorter
than the calyx, hairy, slightly two cleft: t'ie inner valve the smallest,
with an awn six  times as long as the calyx,  much contorted.  Ano-
thers yellow  Styles Au»rt   Stigmas pale purple.
  In this and the preceding species, the anther appears to open at or
near the summit, and not along its whole length as usual  in the grasses.
  This plant, by its loose, diffused, nodding panicle, differs widely
from every other species of this  genus, with which I am acquainted, in
the United States.
   Grows in arid soils. Very common.
   Flowers  September—-October.          Nodding Andropogou.


    3.   4lmbigups.   Mich.
  A spicis paniculatis; flo- |    Spikes panicled ; flnw-
ribus  solitariis, remotis ; |  ers solitary, remote  ; the
corolla?  valva  exteriore j  exterior valve of the co-
apice, interiore basi aris- j  rolla awned atits summit,
tata.                          j  the interior at its base.

    Mich. 1. p. 58.

  Perennial ?  Stem erect,  and decumbent, 8*—20 inches high, ter-
ete, glabrous, with short joints.  Leaves  distichous, expanding, cor-
date-la ceolate, glabrous, acute, concave, 2—3 inches long, 5—6 lines
wide;  sheaths  longer than  the joints, contracted  and hairy at tiie
throat.  Panicle terminal,expanding.  Flowers nearly sessile,  (.alyx
2  valved,  vales linear, nearly subulate, back scabrous :  tlie exte.Air
valve the longest.    Corolla 2 valved, shorter than  the  calyx, equal;
the exterior valve lanceolate, 3 nerved, terminated by a straight awn
3 times its own  length ; the interior two cleft at the summit, with the
bac': impressed  by a scabrous awn, longer than the calyx, contorted
in t-ie middle, hairy  near the bottom.   Filaments 3, longer than the
corolla.   Styles  short.  Stigmas feathered, purple.
  This plant will not remain among the Aw'iooo mhis when the ; enus
is accurately denned. Besides its other peculiarities it has no vestige
                              S 
ft48             TRIANDRIA  DTGYNIA.
of i u>utral floret   1 once intended to insert  it as a distinct genu*
I    f-e name of  Ylloiatheros, from *e dissimilarity of its awns not
oni v in position, but in figure.   But I have permitted* to remain, as
m -"knowledge of the genus is  not sufficiently extensive to divide it
wit • accuracy, or even'satisfaction to myself.
  Grows in dry soils, particularly pine barrens.
  Flowers September.                  Ambiguous Andropogont-
   4. Melanocarpfs.
   A.  spicis  fasciculatis;
floribus  solitariis in vol u
cratis ;  arista longissima.
E.
                                  Spikes clustered; flow-
                               ers  solitary, with  an  in-
                               volucrum ;   awn   very"
                               long.

   Stipa nelanocarpa, Muhl. Cat.
  Root perennial ?  Stem 2—3 feet  high, erect columnar, glabrous,
brandling.  Leaves 4—12  inches long,  2—1  lines wide, scabrous,
strongly marked with the  midrib ; sheaths longer  than  the joints,
contracted and a little hairy at the throat; stipules membranous, la-
cerate.  Flowers in  simple spikes, lateral and  terminal, apparently
fasciculate, but probably alternate, on small branches  Peduncles 1—8
inches long, glabrous. Spikes many flowered|; the lowest involucrum,
lon_er than the spike, leaf-like, terminating in a long awn ;  florets
on short pedicels, an involucrum attached to each pedicel, leaf-like,
3—4 times longer than the floret, the upper one diminishing in size.
Calyx two leaved, lanceolate, rather obtuse, cartilaginous, thickly
cloathed, as well as  the stipes, with a short down, rufous  at first,
but ultimately of  a  very dark purple.   Corolla  very  small, mem-
branous ; fr.mi the base of one of its valves proceeds an awn twenty
times as long as the calyx, contracted, spiral and hairy.
  My specimens Avere too imperfect to enable me to examine accu-
rately the corolla, stamens or stvles.
  From specimens collected by It. Habersham, Esq.in the pine  bar-
rens between F.rt Barrington  bn the  Alatamaha, and Jefferson on the
Satilla,  Georgia.
  Flowers September—October.
   ** Species habitu con-
formes.
   5.  Scoparius.   Mich.
   A. spicis   simplicibus,
 pedunculatis,   geminatis.
 stricte  paniculatis;  flori-
 bus geminis, ;;er  aphro-
 dito sessili, lanceolato, ar-
   * * Species agreeing in"
habit.

   Spikes simple, on ped-
uncles, by pairs, forming
straight panicles;  flowers
by pairs,  the hermaphro*
dite   sessile,  lanceolate^ 
TRIANDRIA DTGYNlA*              I4tf
istato;  neutro pedicillato   awned ;  the neuter on a
aristato ;   rachi  ciliata.   footstalk, awned; the  ra»
Willd.                         chis ciliate.

   Mich. l.p. 57.
   A. purpurascens.  Sp. pl. 4. p  913.

  Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, 3 feet high, very glabrous, slight-
ly compressed, furrowed  on one  side, tinged  with  purple.  Leaved
linear, one foot long, a little hairyand scabrous, channelled ; sheat'is
hairy, compressed, contracted at the throat; stipules membranous, cil-
iate. Flowers in long, slender panicles, lateral and terminal.  Spikes
solitary, on peduncles 4 inches long; sometimes 2 or 3 spikes appear
to proceed out of one sheath, but they are really branches  each bear-
in <z its spike with its appertaining sheath; Sheaths convolute, as long
as the naked peduncle, scabrous, acute, and mucronate at the summit.
Pedicel of the neutral floret as Ions; as the calyx of the fertile, hairy
on two  sides, terminated by a solitay awned valve.  Calyx of the
herm. flower two valved ;  the exterior concave,  5  nerved, sca-
brous, frequently two cleft; the interior keeled, acute, the  keel ser-
rulate, the margins hairy. Corolla 2 valved, shorter than the calyx>
purple ; the exterior concave, acute, with the margins hairy ; the in-
terior hairy, two cleft at the summit, awned near the summit with a
scabrous awn three times its own length.  Filaments 3, very  short.
Styles short.  Stigmas feathered, purple. .' Seed oblong, oval.
  The species in this section, excepting perhaps the last, form an ex-
tremely natural family.  So much so, that it becomes diflicult to dis-
criminate the species. They cover poor pasture in the winter with
their coarse, dry, foliage, aud are  known by the common name of
broom grass.
  Grows in dry, poor soils.  Very common.
  Flowers September—October.             Purple Andropcgon.
   6.  Ternarius.   Mich.
   A.  ramis remote alter-
nis,   tristachyis;    spicis
conjugatis ;  villis in vol u-
cri  gluma  brevioribus;
floribus triandris.    Mich.
1. p.  57.
  Branches solitary, simple;  the lower ones sometimes four spiked $
valve of the corolla villous; the interior two cleft, producing from the
incisure a long contorted awn.  Mich.
  Grows  in the mountains of Carolina.  Mich.
                                    Tliree-spiked Andropopojt)
   Branches  remotely al-
ternate,   three   spiked ;
spikes conjugate; hair of
the  involucrum   shorter
than the glume;  flowers
triandrous. 
145              TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
   7.  Argenteus.   E.
   A.  panicula longa,  gra-
cili  ;   ramulis   solitariis
geminatisque; spicis con-
jugatis,  vagina  longiori-
bus,  villis  sericris
vestitis.   E.
albis
   Panicle long,  slender;
branches solitary and  by
pairs ; spikes  conjugate,
longer  than the sheath,
cloathed  with  white  sil-
very hairs.
   Mich. l.p.   .
  Perennial.  Stem 3 feet h:gh, branching- from the base, very gla-
brous, tinged with purple.  Leaves linear,about a foot long, scabrous,
pa ticularTy on  the upper surface ;  sheaths longer than the joints,
spotted when voung, with red   Floivers in a long panicle, the whole
plant producing flowers in fact from every upper joint, as all the  spe-
cie do in this section.  Peduncles generally 2 from each joint, both
Ion■;, but of unequal  length, terminated by two  conjugate  spi: es;
s-• uths of the flowers scarcely longer than the peduncle.  Pedicets of
t e neutral floret, one, at  the baee of the hermaphrodite flower, very
hairy, with a small valve at the summit, pedicel and hair longer than
the fertile flower.   Calyx and Corolla hairy along the margins.  Sta-
men? 3.   Styles 2  Stigmas purple.
  Grows in dry soils.
  Flow ers October.                  White-spiked Andropogo'd,
   8. Vaginatits.   E.
   A.   panicula    gracili.
subappressa;   spicis  so-
litariis, conjugatis, vagina
brevioribus; floribus gem-
iris ; hermaphrodito aris-
tato;  arista recta,  sea-
bra.   E.
   Panicle   slender,   ap-
pressed ; spikes solitary,
conjugate,   shorter  than
the  sheaths ; flowers by
pairs; the hermaphrodite
awned ;  the awn straight,
scabrous.
  Perennial.  Stem erect, 3 feet high, terete, glabrous.   Leaves long,
linear,  scabrous on the upper  surface; sheaths glabrous.  Panicle
commencing at the middle of the stem ; branches divided, but with a
sheath at each spike.   Spikes short, conjugate, the rachis very slen-
der, hairy.  Pedicel of the neutral floret longer than the hermaphro-
dite, very  hairy.   Valves of the calyx sharply  serrulate at the mar-
gins and keel.  Awn  straight, scabrous, three times as long as  the
calyx.  Stamen 1 ?
  This species is remarkable, even during: the  winter, for its large
sheatlis, which generally expand after the flowers are mature.  This 
TUIANDUIA DIGYNIA.
149
U sometimes considered as the A. virginicus, but the expression *; flo*
*ib■/•■ muticis," is by no means applicable to this plant.
  Grows in damp soils.
  Flowers October.                Large-sheathed Andropogon-.
   9. Dissitiflorus.   Mich.
   A.   panicula   gracili.
subappressa;  spicis soli-
tariis, conjugatis,  vaginas
icquantibus; floribus gem-
inis ; hcrmaphrodito aris-
tato;  arista recta, scabra,
caduca.   £.
   Panicle  slender,  ap-
pressed ; spikes solitary,
conjugate, as long as the
sheaths; flowers by pairs;
the  hermaphrodite awn-
ed ; with the awn straight,
scabrous, caducous.
   Mich. 1. p.
   A. virginicus ? Sp. pl. 4« p- 9lG.
   Cinna lateralis, Walt. p.
  Perennial.  Stem erect, 3 feet high, branching, with the branches
appressed.  Leaves long, linear,  scabrous ; sheaths contracted and
hairy at the throat, with a few long hairs scattered along the margins.
Branches of the panicle long, slender,  appressed.  Spikes conjugate,
as long as the sheaths, slender, hairy.  Awn 3 or 4 times as long as
the calyx, straight.  Stamen  1.
  I know  not whether this can be the A. virginicus of Linnceus ; it Is
awned, but the awns drop with the slightest touch.   It is also not cer-
ia n whether this or the preceding species is the  A. dissitiflorus of
Michaux; his description applies almost equally well to both.  I have
therefore retained his name to this plant, as the sheath of the former
supplied both  a name and character.
  Grows in close soils.  The most common of all the species.
  Flowers October.                 Slender-spiked Andropogon*
                                 Common Broom-Grass.
   10.  Macrouros.   Mich.
   A. panicula glomerata;
spicis conjugatis, fascicu-
laiis, floribus geminatis ;
vaginis foliorum  scabris,
marginibus pilosis.   E.
    Panicle     clustered  ;
spikes conjugate, cluster-
ed, the flowers  in pairs;
sheaths of the leaves sca-
brous, the margins hairy.
   Mich. l.p. 57.  Sp. pl. 4. p. 914.
   Cinna glomerata,   Walt. p. 59.

  Perennial.  Stem erect, 3  foot hi-;h, slightly compressed.  Leaves
Tung, linear, slightly scabrous; sheaths generally more scabrous than 
150              TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
the leaves, varying however  in their roughness; villous along the
margins.   Flowers in  clustered  panicles, terminal and  lateral, but
generally near  the summit of the stem.   Spikes 3—5 or more, from
each joint, every spike however provided with a linear sheath about
its own length.   Peduncles hairy below the sheath.   Pedicel of the
neutral floret longer than the hermaphrodite,  hairy.  Awn straight,
8 or 4 times  as long as the calyx.   Stamen 1.  Anther and Stigmas
yellow.
  Varies, (Glaucopsis), with leaves very  glabrous,gl aucous, and the
peduncles less clustered.  Perhaps a distinct species.
  Grows in damp soils.
  Flowers October.                Cluster-flowered  AndropogoHr
   11.  Tetrastaciiyus.
   A. panicula  gracili,  e-
recta ;   spicis   solitariis,
quadrifidis; floribus gem-
inatis, hermaprodito aris-
tato ;  foliis pilosis.   E.
E.
    Panicle slender, erect;
 spikes  solitary,  4  cleft;
 flowers   by   pairs,   tlie
hermaphrodite
leaves hairy.
awned
  Stem erect; 2—3 feet high, glabrous, nearly terete.   Leaves long,
linear, channelled, hairy on the inner surface ; sheaths  as long as the
joints, very hairy ; stipule a bearded membrane.  Panicle slender ap-
pressed ; branches and spikes alternate, somewhat remote.  Sheaths
of the spikes glabrous, as long as the spikes themselves.  Spikes gen-
erally 4, as if twice  divided, rarely 2.  Valves of the calyx serrulate
along the margins, surrounded at base with a short hairy involucrum.
Awn straight, scabrous,   stamen one.
  Grows in damp pine barrens, near Charleston.
  Flowers Oetober.                   Four-spiked Andropogon*
   12.  Furcatus.   Muhl.
   A.  spicis digitatis, sub-|     Spikes digitate,  gene-
quaternis,  terminalibus ; |  rally by fours, terminal;
floribus  geminatis,  her- j  flowers in pairs, the  her-
maphrodito sessili, arista-   maphrodite  sessile, awn-
to, masculo mutico,  pedi-   ed,  the male  unawncd,
cillato; rachi pilosa.  Sp.   pedicelled ;  rachis hairy.
pl. 4. p. 919.
 » Perennial.  Stem 2—3 feet high,  glabrous.   Leaves linear, the up-
per ones short, somewhat glabrous ; sheaths glabrous.   Spikes termi-
nal, 3 or 4, 3—4 inches long.   Valves of the  hermaphrodite HoMer
sharpIv serrulate along the angles, equal.  Corolla smaller.  Ann
Slightly contorted, about 3 times as  long as the calyx.  Pedicel of the 
TRTANDR1A  DIGYNIA.             451
nude floret as long as the hermaphrodite flower, ciliate.  Valves of the
calyx unequal; the exterior longest, mucronate; both sharply  serru*
late along the margins.   Corolla shorter than the calyx, unawned.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.  Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers October.                     Digitate Andropogom
AIRA.
   Calyx  2-valvis,  2-flo-
rus.   Flosculi absque in-
interjecto rudimento.
   * Aristatce.
   Calyx 3 valved, 2 flow-
ered.   Florets without an
interposed rudiment.
  * Awned.
1. Pallens.   Var. aristata.   Muhl.  Cat.
  Leaves flat;  panicle dif.
fuse, somewhat  verticil-
late ;  calyx 2 or 3 flower-
ed ; the lower flower un-
awned ;  the  upper  with a
short twisted awn.
72.
   A. foliis planis; panicu-
la laxa ;  subvert icillata ;
calycibus 2-valvibus,   3-
floris;  flore interiore mu-
tico, superioribus  arista
brevi contorta.   E.
   Avena Palustris,  Mich. 1. p.
   A. Caroliniana?  Walt. p. 81.
  Root perennial. Stem 1—2 feet high, erect, slightly geniculate at
base, terete, glabrous,  Leaves narrow, a little scabrous finely serru-
late : sheaths open, glabrous, shorter than the joints ; stipules short,
lacerate. Calyx 2 valved, valves compressed, keeled, very acute, keels
serrulate, the interior valve a little longer.  Corolla 2 valved; the ex-
terior valve similar to the calyx; the interior only half as long, obtuse,
with the back impressed; to the back of the exterior valve of the up-
per flowers, is  attached a short contorted  awn.  Anthers yellowish.
Stigmas white.
  The structure of the flower of this plant appears evidently that of
an Aira:  its awn has caused it to be referred to Avena.
  Grows in rich wet soils—in river swamps common.
  Flowers March—April.
   2. Flexuosa.
   A.   panicula  patente,
trichotoma ;  pedunculis
fltxuosis;  aristis genicu-
lars ; foliis setaceis ; cul-
mo subnudo.   Sp. pl.  t.
p. 378.
   Panicle expanding, trf-
chotomous  ;  peduncles
flexuous;  awns  genicu-
late ;  leaves  setaceous;
stem nearly  naketk
Pursh. Flor. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 77V 
152              TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.

  Stem 2 feet high, terete, glabrous, naked near the summit.  Lmv*
*etaceou<,  Panicle diffused ; the primary divisions somewhat verti-
cillate the second generally triciiotomous. Valves of the calyx mem-
Sn«e?«., «ry acute, ungual; the interior as long a* the florets ;
florets equal in length.   Valves of the corolla equal ;  the _c.vter.or
valve very acute, hairv at ba=e, with a geniculate awn extending from
the base  nearly twice its own  length; interior valve  slightly two
cleft                        .       „»,,■»«
  I insert this species  on the authority of Pursh. My specimens are
from Pennsylvania.                            ,„        ..
  Fi„were                                   blexuous Aire..


   3. Purpures.    Walt.
   A. foliis subulatis; pani- 1    Leaves subulate, pani-
cula parva, racemosa; co- j r]c  small,racemose ; co*
rolla vi'losa,vaha exteri- | rolla villous, the exterior
ore bifida, aristata.    E.   | valve two cleft, awned.
   Walt. p. 78.
  Root annual? Stem  2 feet high, slender, compressed on one side, a
little rough on the joints.  Leaves 6—12 inches long, 2—3 lines wide,
scabrous, hairy on  the upper surface, convolute when dry ;  sheaths
shorter than the joints, scabrous : throat, hairy.  Panicle composed of
small racemes, appressed  when young afterwards expanding.  Calyx 2
valved, 2 flowered, the exterior valve small, the interior larger ; both
lanceolate,concave,purple, withthe margins lacerate.  Corolla 2 val-
Ted ; the exterior valve twice or three times as long as the calyx, nean
ly lanceolate, deeply  two  cleft, the  midrib extended and forming a
snort awn, ciliate and villous along the back ; the interior a little short-
er,  concave, lanceolate, acute,  very villous on the back;  both purple-
Anthers and stigmas purple.
  This plant has a strong saline taste.
  Grows on the margin of t'e Ocean among the drift sands.
  Flowers September—October.


   **  Muticce.             |    **  Unowned.
   4. Capillacea.   La Marck.
   A. panicula  capillacea,
effusa,  maxima, flosculis
muticis, calyce  longiori-
bus;  altero  pedicellato.
La Marck.
   Panicle  capillary,  dif-
fuse,  very large;  florets
unawned, longer than the
calyx, one on a footstalk,
  Stem about 8 inches high, erect.  Leaves narrow, short, glabrous*.
Glumes acute, with the keel rough.  Panicle purple.  Pursh.
  Collected in Carolina, by Mr. Fraser.
  Grows en slate hills and sandy pastures.  Por3lE 
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.               158
   Panicle slender, erect;
valves of the calyx acute;
the  upper spikes  3 flow-
ered ;  leaves  short,  flat.
   5. Triflori.   E.
    A.   panicula  gracili,
erecia; calycibus aculis ;
spiculis  superidribus tri-
floris;   foliis    brevibus,
planis.   E.
  Root fibrous, perennial.  Stem 12—18 inches high, erect, terete,
glabrous.  Leaves 1   2 inches long, flat, glabrous on the upper, sca-
brous on the under surface; sheaths shorter than the joints ; stipules
membranous, lacerate.  Valves of the calyx unequal, linear-lanceolate,
acute; the keels serrulate. Valves of the coroll  lanceolate, acute, ob-
scurely 3—5  nerved ; the exterior larger than the calyx, and somewhat
woolly at ba>e, but not villous ; the interior valve smaller.  Styles short-
er than the corolla.  Stigmas feathered, white.
  The flowers in this, are larger than in the two succeeding; species.
  From  the base of the second floret in the lower spikes, a naked pedi-
cel  arises like a continuation of the rachis; this in  the upper spikes
generally bears a third floret.  To the. A. melicoides of  Michaux, this
species has much resemblance ; it appears to differ in size, as the glumes
in this plant  are rather small though long, and by wanting the villous
cloathing of  tlie base of the florets and pedicels.
  From  specimens collected at  Athens, Georgia, by Mr. Green.
  Flowers in April.                        Three-flowered Aira.
   6.  Obtusata.   Mich.
   A.  foliis  planis;  pani-
cula coarctata;  floribus
laevibus,   obtusis;  caly-
cis valva interiore oblique
truncata.   E.
  Leaves flat; panicle con-
tracted ; flowers  smooth,
obtuse; the  interior valve
of   the  calyx  obliquely
truncate.
   Mich. 1. p. 62.  Pursh, Flor. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 76.

  Root perennial.  Stem  erect, about 2 feet high, glabrous.  Leaves
6—12 inches long, 1—2 lines wide, a little hairy and scabrous ; sheaths
hairy; stipules membranous.  Panicle lonjj, composed of erect, alter-
nate or clustered racemes.  Calyx 2-valved, 2 and sometimes 3-flow-
ered ; the exterior valve linear, acute ; the interior wide, compressed,
very  obtuse or truncate,  and slightly mucronate.  Corolla 2-valved,
valves nearly equal ; the  exterior a little  larger, compressed,  obtuse,
the midrib seriated  near  the point, tinged with green ; the interior
white, obtuse, the back impressed, and the angles ciliate, serrate ; the
rachis always extending beyond the flowers.  Anthers purple.
  Grows in dry, pine laud, sometimes in pastures.  Common.
  Flowers March—April.                 Obtuse-flowered Aira. 
|54              TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
   5. Mollis.   Mubl. Cat.
   A. panicula gracili, ra-
cemosa;  valva  interiore
calycis  obtusa;  foliis li-
nearibus.   E.
   Panicle slender, race-
mose; the  interior valve
of  the   calyx    obtuse  ;
leaves linear.
   Stem 1—2 feet high, terete, glabrous, naked towards the summit.
 Leaves short, linear, with the sheaths shorter than the joints.  Flowers
 on alternate racemes, not crowded on the rachis.  Exterior valve  of
 the calyx acute; interior obtuse, with  the margins nearly circular.
 Corolla'2-valved, valves nearly acute; the interior shorter,-generally
 two cleft at tiie summit.  Stigmas wl ite.
  To the preceding species this has  much aflinity.   Its flowers and
 racemes,however, are never crowded,as in the A. obtusata.  Its stem is
 more slender and naked, and it is  in every respect a more delicate
 plant.
  It varies with  leaves pubescent, and glabrous.   I have  also a va-
 riety found in the pine barrens of Carolina, with the stem almost se-
taceous, leaves linear, involute, flowers more crowded on the racemes,
and the calyx and corolla rather more acute than in the plant described;
perhaps a distinct species.
  Grows in the middle and upper country of Carolina, plentifully.
Not common  in the low country.  Athens, Mr. Green.  Columbia,
Mr Herbemont.
  Flowers April,                                Soft Aira.
MELICA.
   Calyx S-valvis, 2-flor-
us.   Rudimehtum  floris
inter flosculos.'
   l. Glabra.   Mich,
   M.  glabra  ;  panicula
ererta, laxa; ramulis sim-
plicibus, pau.'ifloris ;  flo-
ribus glumis imberbibus.
Persoon, 1. p. 78.
   Mich.  1. p. 62.
   M. mutrica, Walt. p. 78,
   Calyx 2-valved,2-flow-
ered.    Rudiment  of  a
flower between  the flor-
ets.
  Glabrous; panicle erect,
loose  ;  branches simple,
few flowered; flowers with
the glumes unbearded, 
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.              a 55
  Stem 2—3 feet high, terete, glabrous.   Leaves very narrow, almost
linear,  scabrous; sheaths long, slightly scabrous ;  stipules membra-
nous.   Panicle long, slender, composed  of distinct racemes  3—5
flowered, with the  flowers nodding.  Calyx shorter than the  corolla,
2-valved ; valves large, ovate, rather acute, unequal, with the  margins
and summit membranous.  Corolla 2-valved, unequal;  exterior valve
lanceolate,  somewhat obovate, nerved,  concave, with the  summit
membranous;  the interior much  smaller,  nearly obovate, ciliate.
Neutral floret pedicellate, 2-valved ;  valves unequal, obovate.   Sta-
men 3.  Anthers yellow.   -ti«mas white  ?
  I have from Columbia a variety with the leaves pubescent, the flow-
er evidentlv smaller, the valves  more acute, less membranous at the
summit, and handsomely spotted with purple.  It  is probably the M.
altissiina, Walt, but is has scarcely character enough for a  distinct
species.
  Grows in fertile  soils.
Flowers April.
Large-flowered Melica.
DACTYL1S.
,   com-
   Calyx 2-valved, com-
pressed ; one valve large,
keeled.  Spite clustered^
aggregate,  and in heads.

   Panicle  secund, clus-
tered.
    Calyx  2-valvis
pressus;   altera  valvula
majore, carinata.   Spica
aggrcgata3 et capitatse.
    1. Glomekaia.
   D.  panicula  secunda,
glomerata.   Sp.  pl.  l. p.
408.
   Eng. Botany, No. 335.

  J?oof perennial.  Stem 2—3 feet high, terete, glabrous.   Leaves  li
near,  carinate, very scabrous;  sheath scabrous; stipules lacerate.
Panicle leaning one way ; flowers clustered at the extremity of each
branch;  in small spikes, each 2—4 flowered.  Valves of the  calyx
unequal, lanceolate, very acute, mucronate ; the keel and margins
finely ciliate.  Exterior valves of the  corolla lanceolate ; the keel
ciliate, with a short straight awn near the summit,  as in Bromus) ;
interior valve reflexed, with the margins finely ciliate, 2-cleft at the
summit.   Stamens 3.
  Grows near Charleston.  James Island.  A native of Europe; now
naturalized.
  Flowers May—June.                      Clustered Dactylis* 
458             TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA*
POA.
   Calyx S-valved, many
flowered.   Spikes ovate ;
valves  somewhat  acute,
and  scarious  along the
   Calyx  2-valvis, multi-
floiu-A    Spicula ovata  ;
val v ulis m argine scariosis,
acutiusculis.

   1.  Capillaris.
   P.  panicula  laxa, pa-
tentissima, capillari ; spi-
culis  3—5-floris; floribus
pubescentibus ;  foliis  pi-
losis ;  culmo ramosissi-
1HO.
   Sp. pl. p. 394. Clayt. p. 13. No. 580.
   Pursh, flor. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 79.
   Walt. p. 80 ?
  Stem 12—18  inches high, glabrous.  Leaves linear, short, flat;
sheaths longer than the joints, hairy at the throat.  Panicle diffuse,
spreading, on short, somewhat rigid peduncles.  Spikes 3—5-flower-
ed, purple.  Valves of the calyx and corolla acute, pubescent.
  Inhabits Carolina.  Muhl.  Pursh.
  Flov\ers June—August.                  Ilair-panicled Poat
margin.
   Panicle loose, expand-
ing,  capillary  ;   spikes
3—5-flowered  ;  flowers
pubescent; leaves hairy;
stem much branched.
  2.  Tenuis.   E.
  P.  panicula  ramosissi-
ma, patentissima, capilla-
ri;  spiculis  trifloris, gla-
bris,  longe pedunculitis;
foliis   linearibus,   prse-
   Panicle branching, ex-
panding, capillary; spikes
8-flowered, glabrous, on
long peduncles ;  leaves
linear, very long.
longis.  E.

  Root perennial ? Stem 12—18 inches high, somewhat compressed ;
glabrous, much branched from the root.   Leaves K —15 inches long,
linear, scabrous, thinly sprinkled along the edges with long hairs ;
sheath longer than the joints, open, at  the throat hairy, hairs long.
Panicle very large, diffuse, truly capillarv.   Peduncles somewhat
verticillate, very long and fine.  Spikelets 3-flowered ; the lower ones
sometimes 1-flowered j  floret* more remote than usual in this genus* 
TRIVNDRTA DTGY^TA.
«57
(5alyx 2-valved ; valves  lanceolate, compressed, with the keels ser-
V late, glabrous.  Corolla 2-valved ; the exterior lanceolate,  acumi-
nate, slightly keeled ; the interior  with the back  impressed;  both
glabrous.
  From the preceding species, this differs by a larsrer and more diffus.fl j-
panicle,  longer peduncles, fewer flowers in tie spike, a glabrous, al-r
most transparent corolla, and much  longer. leaves.
  From  specimens brought from Greenville,*by Mr. Moulins.
  Flowers August—September.                   Slender Poa.
   Stem  erect ;   sheaths
of the leaves ve»y hairy ;
panicle  much  branched
and expanded  ;  spikelets
generally  5-flowered.
   3.  rTlRSUTA.   Mich.
   P. culmo erecto ; foli-
orum  vaginis   hirsutissi-
mis;  panicula  ramosissi-
ma, patentissima; spicu-
lis subquinquefloris.   E.
   Mch. 1. p. 68.
   P. simplex,   Walt. p. 79.
  Root perennial,  cespitose.    Stem  16—24 inches  high, strictly
erect,  slightly  compressed, glabrous,  angular  after branching ;
branches  long, expanding horizontally, hairy  in the axils.   Leaves
long, linear, glabrous, serrulate, hairy near the base; sheath much
longer than the joints, compressed, very hairy ; throat very hairy.
Spikelets 3—7-flowered.   Calyx and Corolla, valves lanceolate,acute,
compressed, keeled; keel serrulate, glabrous, tinged  with  purple.
Anthers purple.  Stigmas white.
  Varies  with  panicle   light straw coloured, and  bright purple;
leaves and panicle  more or less hairy.  Panicle with age divaricate.
  Grows in,dry pastures and fields.
  Fiovvers August—Octobeuk..
Hairy Poa.
v  jv
4. Parvifl.o.r\,  \ Py/sfy.
   P. panicula dirtlis'a;^
pillari;   spiculis
subtrifloris; flbrfHus  sub
obtusis,  striatis,  caducis;
foliis distichis, planis.   E.
Xis^ea'-  [  '^Panicle  diffuse, capil-
 j^Trvis^    lafy;  spikes  small,  gen-
            erally 3-flowered;  flow-
            ers rather  obtuse, striate,
            caducous;  leaves distich-
                          . ous, flat.
Pursh. flor. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 80.
P. striata, La Marck.  Enc. Meth. 1. p. 183.
  Root perennial.  Stem  decumbent,  12—18 inches high, somewhat
compressed, simple, entirely cloat' ed  with the leaves.  Leave* (—8
inches long, 1—2 lines wide, flat, very smooth, the margins scarcely 
 158              TRTANORIA DIGYNIA.

 roughened; sheaths longer than the stem, closed, glabrous;  stipules
 membranous   Calyx 2-valved, unequal,  somewhat lanceolate, mem-
 ranourexnandini, persistent.  Florets  1-3 (4 Pursh,) caducous.
 Corolla;'2-valved; the exterior valve lanceolate, rather obtuse, not
 keeled, strongly nerved;  the interior impressed.
   My  specimens were not perfect.  All  the spikelets which had not
 been exposed, were triflorous; but the calyx was still remarkable for
 want of connection with the florets.
   Fr m specimens sent from Columbia, by Mr. Herbemont.
   Flowers July.  (Pursh.)                 Small-flowered Poa.


   5.  CoNFERTA.   E.
   P.  paniculis  terminali-  |    Panicles terminal, and
 bus, axillaribusque,  erec-  | axillary, erect, comprcss-
 tis.coarctatis,contertiflor-  j ed,with the flowers clus-
 i* ;    spiculis   octofloris,  | tered; spikelets  8-flower-
 glabris.   E.                | ed, glabrous.

   P. glomerata, Walt. p. 80.
   Stem  erect, geniculate, 2—3 feet high, terete, glabrous, thickened
 at the joints.   Leaves 4—8 inches long,  3 lines wide, glabrous, flat,
 slightly  serrulate along the margin; sheatlis open, shorter than the
joints; stipules membranous, short. Panicle 4—8 inches long.  Spikes
lanceolate, small, very much crowded, generally 8-flowered.   Exte-
 terior valve of the corolla compressed, acute, membranaceous, with 3
 or 5 coloured nerves.
  This is not the P. glomerata, of Linngeus; I have therefore been
 obliged  to give  it another trivial name.   From specimens sent from
 Columbia by Mr. Herbemont.
  Flowers                          ,    Cluster-flowered Poa.


   6.  Annua.
   P. panicula diffusa, an-  |  Panicle diffuse; branches
 gulis  rectis;  spiculis ob-  | expanding at right angles;
 tusis,   quiiquefloris; cul-  | spikelets  obtuse, 5-flow-
 mo  obliquo,  compresso.  j ered ; stem oblique, com-
 Sp.  pl. p. 390.              | pressed.

  Root annual.  Stem about  6  inches high, procumbent, somewhat
 geniculate,  glabrous.  Leaves 2—3 inches  long,  I—2 lines wide,
 slightly channelled, glabrous, serrulate ;  sheath as long as the joints,
 glabrous, contracted at the throat; stipules membranous.  Spikelets
 frequently 4-flowered.  Calyx, and corolla, with  the valves lanceo-
 late, 5-nerved, rather acute, slightly pubescent.  Anthers and Stigmas
 white.                                                   * 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.              159
  A tender, delicate, early grass; common around buildings, in gar-
dens, and  cultivated grounds ;  perhaps  originally imported, now
universally diffused.
  Flowers  February—April.                       Early Poa.
   7. Autumnalis.   Muhl.
   P. csespitosa; foliis pla-      Cespitose ; leaves flat;
nis ;   pan'culis  ditfusis ;   panicles diffuse ;  spike-
spiculis obtusis, subtriflo    lets obtuse, generally  3-
ris;  floribus  pubescenti-   flowered ;   flowers  pu-
bus, apice compressis. E.   bescent, compressed  at
                               the point.

  Root perennial, cespitose.  Stem erect, 12—18 inches high, terete ?
glabrous. Leaves 6 inches long  1—2 lines wide, flat, slightly sca-
brous : sheaths shorter than the joints ;  stipules membranous.   Pan-
icle loose, not appressed   Calyx, valves unequal, acute.   Corolla,
the exterior valve lanceolate, obtuse, with the summit as if compressed,
distinctly 5-nerved.
  This may be the P. compressa,  Walt, but  is very distinct  from
specimens of P. compressa, Lin. as sent me by Dr.  Muhlenburg.  Dr.
M. noticing a specimen of this grass which I had sent him, says, " it
appears  to be my flexuosa, but as Smith has a flexuosa, we may  name
it Autumnahs."   The Doctor has  retained flexuosa in his catalogue;
but as there is nothing flexuous  to be observed in  my specimens, the
plant on the contrary being unusually erect, I have used  the name en-
tered in my herbarium.
  From  specimens sent by Mr. Herbemont, from Columbia.  Found
in Georgia by Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers                                   Autumnal Poa.
   8. Vjridis.   Muhl.  Cat.
   P. foliis planis, lineari-       Leaves  flat,   linear,
bus, abrupte acutis ; pan-   abruptly acute ;  panicle
icula subconferta ;  spicu-   somewhat     crowded  ;
lis  ovatis, acutis, quadri-   spikes  ovate,  acute, four
floris.   E.                    flowered.

  Root perennial, cespitose.   Stem erect, columnar, striate, glabrous,
18 inches high.  Leaves  2—4 inches long, 2 lines wide, glabrous;
sheath open, glabrous ;  stipules membranous.  Panicle expanding ;
branches 3—4 at each joint.  Valves of the calyx and  corolla very
acute, distinctly 5-nerved ;   margins and summit scarious, white;
keel serrulate.  Florets generally 3—5  in each  spikelet, woolly at
the base. 
160             TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
  A fine winter grass, remarkable for its deep green colour, and  soft
■ucculent leaves.*  As it bears the summer heats, in close, rich soils,
it wants onlv size to render it a valuable acquisition to the farmer.
  Not uncommon  near Charleston.  Supposed to have been brought
from the upper country.  It is probably only a variety of the P. pra-
tensis,  Lin.
  Flower- May—June.               Green Poa—Green grass.
   Leaves   linear,  invo-
lute ;  panicula somewhat
crowded ; spikes lanceo-
late, acute, four flowered;
flowers villous at base.
   9. Angustifolia ?
   P. foliis linearibus, in-
volutis; panicula subcon-
ferta: spiculis lanceolatis,
acutis, quadrifloris;   flo-
ribus basi viilosis.   E.
   Sp. pl. l.p. S87.
   R. stolonifera ?  Muhl. Cat.
  Root perennial. Stem I—2 feet high, glabrous, columnar.  Leaves
glabrous, 2—6 inches Ion-, in dry weather involute;  tiie stem leaves
wider than tho>e t' at appear to be from the root; stipules membranous,
short. Pariick (wit1: us  much crowded.  Valves of the florets acute,
5-nerved. generally tinged  with purple, very villous at the base.
  The spikes are more crowded, and the florets larger than in P. viri-
dis.
  Grows around Charleston.   Sent me from Middleton place, Ashley
river, by Mr. Moulin* ; from Columbia, by  Mr. Herbemont.
  Flowers May.                          Narrow-leaved Poa.
   10. Tl NELL A ?
   P. panicula subverticil-
lata.  patente ;  spiculis li-
lt* aribus,   6—10-floris;
floribus parvulis,  glabris,
valva  exteriore   corollse
caduca;  culmo   decum-
bente.   E.
                                Panicle somewhat verti-
                              cillate, expanding; spikes
                              linear,  6—10-flowered  ;
                              flowers   small,  glabrous,
                              with the exterior valve of
                              the   corolla   caducous  ;
                              stem  decumbent.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 395.  Pursh, Flor. Amer. Sept. 1. p. 80.
  Annual.  Stem decumbent, glabrous, terete, 6-12 inches high.
Leaves 1-2.inches long, subulate, scabrous on the upper surface,
smooth on the under ; throat of the sheath contracted, and very hairy.
Pumcle slender, expanding ; branches somewhat verticillate, with  a 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA,              161
tew long hairs in each axil.  Peduncles 2—5 lines long.  Exterior
valve of the corolla compressed, acute, 3—5 nerved, purple, falling
w ith the mature seed.  Anthers purple.  Stigmas feathered, white.
Seed oval, impressed near the base.
  This plant agrees, in many respects," minutely with- the description
of the P. tenella, by Retz;  but the  flowers are neither nodding, ob-
tuse, nor fringed along the margins.   Whenever the  plants can be
compared they will probably be found  distinct. It agrees somewhat
with the P. pectinacea, of which I believe Dr. Muhlenberg considered
it a variety ; but it is smaller and more decumbent; and  the interior
ralve of the corolla when persistent, is appressed to the rachis.
  Grows in cultivated grounds.  Common.
  Flowers through the summer.        Small narrow-spiked Poa.
11.  Pectinacea.   Mich.
   P. panicula laxa, pyra-
midata, erecta;  spiculis
linearibus, 10—12  floris ;
rachi demum  valvulis in-
terioribus   persistentibus
pectinata.
   Panicle  loose, pyrami-
dal, erect;  spikes linear,
10—12  flowered ;  the
rachis  when  old   pecti-
nated  by  the  persistent^
interior valve of  corolla.
   Mich. 1. p. 69.  Persoon, 1. p. 91.  Pursh. 1. p. 81.
  Stem erect.  Leaves erect, with the throat of the sheaths, and axils
4f the panicle, hairy.  Flowers ovate, acuminate, 3 nerved.
Grows in Carolina.
Flowers July.
Pursh.
   12.  Eragrostis ?
   P. panicula patente, py-
ramidata,  ramulis  alter-
nis ;   spiculis linearibus,
decemfloris,    subsessili-
bus;  floribus  acutis tri-
nervibus.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 392.
   Pursh. 1. p. 80.
  Perennial ?  Stem 2 feet high: geniculate and branching near the
base, terete, glabrous.  Leaves short, linear, almost subulate, glabrous,
with 3 or 5 prominent nerves; sheaths hairy at the the throat.  Pan-
icle expanding;  branches  remote, alternate,  a  little subdivided.
Spikes generally  10 flowered, on peduncles two or three lines long;
                            U
   Panicle expanding, py-
ramidal,  with   alternate
branches; spikes  linear,
10 flowered, nearly ses-
sile ;   flowers  acute,  3
nerved. 
163
TRIANDRI* DIGYNIA.
forming racemes on the Ions branches of the panicle.
the exterior valve tiansparent, 5 nerved, very acute.
  Grows in cultivated land.
  Flowers  through the summer.
Corolla witi
   13.  NlTIDA.   E.
   P.  culmo  erecto,  gla-
berrimo;   panicula  ma-
juscula, diffusa,  capilla-
cea, sub-verticillata; ped-
unculis prselongis,;  spicu-
lis  lanceolatis, octofloris.
E.
   Stem  erect,  very gla«
brous ;  panicle large, dif-
fuse, capillary, somewhat
verticillate ;   peduncles
long;  spikes lanceolate,
eight flowered.
    Root annual ? Stem 1 foot high, and with the whole plant, very gla«
  brous.   Leaves long,  linear, involute when dry, scabrous near the
   fioints. with a  few hairs at the  throat  of  the sheath.   Panicle very
   arge, 12—18  inches high*expanding.  Peduncles 1—3 inches long,
  capillary,  very glabrous.   Calyx compressed, very acute, with the
<rtttkeel sharply serrulate.  Exterior valve of the corolla compressed,
 ■"very acute, transparent, 3 nerved ; keel very finely serrulate; mar-
  gins rounded.   Spike 7—9 flowered.
    Grows in cultivated land.  Common oh Paris Island.
    Flowers through the summer.            Smooth-shining Poa*
   14.  Repracta.   Muhl
   P. culmo erecto ; pani-
cula diffusa, ramulis diva-
ricatis;  spiculis ramosis,
lineari-lanceolatis, multi-
floris.   E.
Cat.
   Stem  erect ;   panicle
diffuse, with the branches
divaricate ;  spikes in ra-
cemes,  linear-lanceolate,
many flowered.
P. amabilis, Walt. p. 80.
P. spectabilis, Puish, 1. p.
81.
  Root perennial.  Stem erect, 2 feet high, terete, glabrous.  Leave*
linear, 6—10 inches long, 3 lines wide,  smooth underneath, slightly
scabrous on the the upper surface, a little hairv ; sheath as Ion- as the
joints; stipules very short, membranous, lacerate.   Panicle large,
hairy in the large axils.  Spikes nearly sitting, 15  to 20 flowered.
Exterior valve of the corolla compressed, acuminate,  3 nerved.   Fit*
amentsQ?  Anthers purple.  Stigmas plumose white
  Grows in damp soils, in pine barrens, and common  along roads.
  Flowers August—September.                 Refracted Poa. 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
    Panicle   branching  ;
spikes appressed, colum-
nar, many flowered; flo-
rets obtuse, seven nerved;
the nerves double at base.
   15.  Fltitans.
   P   panicula  ramosa ;
spiculis  appressis, tereti-
bus,  multifloris;  spiculis
obtusis,   septemnerviis ;
basi    duplicato-nervosis.
Smith, Fl. Brit. i. p. 95.

   Festuca fluitans, Sp. pl. 1. p. 426.  Mich. 1. p. 66.
   Big. p.  26.  Pursh, I. p. 84.

  Root  peiennial.  Stem  erect, glabrous.  Leaves 6—8 inches long,
4—5 lines  wide,glabrous on the under surface, scabrouson the upper,
slightly keeled with the midrib ; sheaths large, longer than the points,
glabrous;  stipules  large, membranous.   Panicle  long, expanding,
branches simple.  Spikes sessile, or on very short footstalks, generally
9—10 flowerered.   Valves  of the calyx unequal,  smaller  than the
corolla, membranous.  Exterior valve of the  corolla  very obtuse, 7
nerved, sometimes mucronate at the summit by the projecting nerVes ;
at base are the rudiments of intermediate nerves;  under a lens slight-
ly pubescent, particularly along  the nerves, and scarious along tiie*
margins :  interior valve longer, obtuse, slightly bifid.
   Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.
   Flowers May—August.
•  Stem decumbent, creep-
ing;  panicle  small, fre-
quently     fasciculated ;
spikes  linear-lanceolate,
ma y  flowered; flumes
very acute.
185.
   16.  RupTAxg.   Mich.
   P. culmo decumbente,
repente ; panicula parvu-
la,subfasciculata: spiculis
lineari-lanceolatis, n iulti-
fl'itin ;   glumis  acutissi-
mis.    E.

   Mic'i. 1  p 69.   Pursh, 1. p. 81.
   P. hypuoides ? La Marck. I.lus. 1. p.

  Root annual, (Mich.)  Stem decumbent, 6—18 inches long, 'aking
root at the joints, glabrous, terete.  Leaves subulate, striae, acute,
slightly pubesce t, 1—2 inches  long; sheath  generally shorter t an
the joints, hairy at the throat.  Panicle somewhat diffuse   Spikes
15—20 flowered.  Exterior valves of the coro la tapering  to a very
acute  point, pale straw  olour, midrib and 2 nerves green, and prom-
inent, 2 outer nerves short, and obscure.
  In  the specimens  given me by Mr. Correa, there were  in some
spikes 40 florets.
  Grows in cultivated, high lands, near Beaufort, in fertile soils.
  Collected in the upper country, by Mr. Correa de Serra.
  Flowers through the summer.                  Creeping Poa, 
164/
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
   17.  Rigid A.
   P. panicula lanceolata,
subramosa, secunda;  ra-
ni ulis  alternis,  secundis.
Sp. pl. 1. p. 396.
   Panicle  lanceolate,  a
little  branched, second ;
branches
cund.
alternate,  se-
80.
   P. cristata, Walt. p.
  Root perennial".  Stem 2—4 inches high, assurgent, generally genl*
culate, glabrous, rigid.  Leaves subulate, £—U inches long, glabrous;
when  dry involute, rigid; sheath generally shorter than the joints;
stipules membranous.  Panicle 1—H  inches long, collected on one
side of the stem.  Peduncles short, lower ones branching.   Spikes
linear-lanceolate, 5—7 flowered ;  flowers a little.remote.  Valves of
the calyx keeled, serrulate; of the corolla, rounded, somewhat acute|
generally tinged with dark purple.
  Grows in very dry soils.  Common around Beaufort.
  Flowers April—May.                            Rigid Poa.


   i8.  QuiNQUEFIDA.   PlirSll.
    P. culmo erecto;  pan.
 icula  mujuscula,  patente,
 subspicata; spiculis quin-
 quefloris,  valva exteriore
vcorollse  3—5 mucronata.
 E.
    Pursh, I. p. 81.
    P. pratensis, Walt. p. 80.
    P. Sesleroides, Mich. 1. p
    Clayton,  p. 13, No. 273 ?
   Perennial
 distichous at the base of
   Stem erect  ;   panicle
large,  expanding,  some*
what  spiked ;    spike  5
flowered,  with  the  exte-
rior valve  of the corolla
3—5 pointed.
              68.
               Poa flava?  Sp. pl. l.p. 390.
Stem 4 feet high, slightly compressed, glabrous.  Leaves.
            the  stem, 8 -16 inches  long, 3—4  lines
wide, slightly  scabrous on  the  upper surface, serrulate along the
margins; sheath shorter than the joints, hairy at the throat.  PanicU
somewhat verticillate near the base, with the branches expanding, di-
vided, and pendulous at the extremities.  Spikes on very short ped-
unc es.  Valves of the calyx lanceolate,  acuminate, unequal, with
the keel scabrous near the summit.  Exterior valve of the  cor Ala dis-
tinctly 3 nerved, (5 nerved, Pursh,) with the nerves projecting beyond
the margins ; interior valve 2 cleft;  both hairy near the base,  along
the margins and nerves, purple towards the summit.   Anthers white.
Styles 2, shorter than the corolla.   Stigmas feathered, purple.
   There are probably more species than one now mingled under this*
Dame.                                          °
  Grows in sandy soils
Flowers September—October,
With us a common grass.
Tall-purple Podf. 
TRIVND1IA DIGYNIA.               165
   4 ft. Ambigua.   E.
   P. panicula spicata, pa-
tente; spicis  ovatis, eras-
sis, sessilibus, 5—6 floris;
valva  exteriore  corollse
mucronata.   E.
  Panicle spiked, expand-
ing ;  spikes ov^e, tbick,
sessile,  5—6  flowered ;
tbe exterior valve of the
corolla mucronate.
  Perennial'  Stem 2 feet high, terete, glabrous.  Leaves linear, gla-
brous ; sheaths shorter than the joints, bearded at the throat.  Pan-
icle  smajl, expanding,  pyramidal, with the  branches  alternate.
Spikes somewhat  distant, sessile,  almost  glabrous, dark  purple.
Valves of tie calyx unequal, acute.  Exterior  valve of the  corolla
ovate, pointed just behind the summit with the projecting midrib, 3
nerved, the margins and midrib very hairy near the base;  interior
valve deeply impressed, not hairy.
  I have placed this plant heie, because  it appears to me evidently
a congener with  the preceding species.  Both have the strong pro-
jecting midrib, the singular fringe, near the base of the  corolla, and
thick compact spike.  They are probably  both species of Koeleria.
  Found in the mountains of Carolina, by Dr. Macbride, and in the
lower country of Georgia, by Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers—September.                     Round-spiked Poa.
BRIZA.   Gen.  pl. It5.
/'
   Calyx  2-valvis, multi-
floris.   Spicula  disticha,
valvulis cordatis, obtusis;
interiore minuta.
   Calyx % valved, many
flowered.  Spikes  distich-
ous, with the valves cor-
date, obtuse;  the  ulterior
valve minute.
lanceolate, SO
   1.  Eragrostis.
   B. spiculis  lanceolatis,      Spikes
flosculis viginti.    Sp. pl.   flowered.
l.p. 405.
   Mich. l.p. 72.  Pursh, 1. p. 82.
  Root annual  Stem decumbent, geniculate,  glabrous, columnar.
Leaves  linear-lanceolate, smooth on the under surface, scabrous on the
upper, and along the edges ;  sheaths shorter than the joints, bearded
at the  throat.  Panicle  decompound, erect.  Spikes oblong-ovate,
slightly cordate at base.  Flowers 10—30.   Exterior  valve of tue
corolla  acute, three nerved;  the interior small  ciliate along the
nerves; the valves expand, when the seed is mature.  Anthers white;
Stigmas feathered. 
466              TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
  Grows in cultivated lands.  Very common.  Perhaps originally
imported.   Appears to connect the genus Poa to t,l^B™;
  Flowers June—November.
Common Briza*
UNiOLA.   Gen. pl.  116.
  Calyx multivalvis.  Spi-
cula   ovata,  compressa,
carinata. £fy/ibrevissimi.
Kectarium  diphyllum, e-
marginatum.   E.
   1.   Paniculata.
  U. panicula majuscula,
compressa; spiculis sub-
sessilibus ;  calyce 5 -val-
vi; floribus triandris.
Sp. pl. 1. p.
\). maritima,
Clayt. p. No. 909.
Mich. 1. p. 71.
   Calyx   many valved.
Spikes  ovate,  compress-
ed, keeled.   Styles very
short.  Nectary 2 leaved,
emarginate.

   Panicle  large,   com-
pressed ;   spikes  nearly
sessile;  calyx 4—5 valv.
ed;  flowers triandrous.
  Walt  p. 79.
  Root perennial.   Stem  erect, 4—8  feet high, columnar, glabrous.
leaves 3 feet long, narrow, very acute, entire, flat, not channelled,
glabrous, with the upper surface slightly scabrous ; sheaths longer
than the joints, densly frin»ed at the throat.  Spikes many flowered,
(10);  the upper florets generally sterile. Exterior valve of the corolla
compressed, rather obtuse, slightly mucronate, 8 nerved  besides the
keel;  nerves double ; ketd serrulate near the summit; margins slightly
fringed ; the interior of the same length, the margins bent back and
ciliate. Nectary 2 leaved, covering the germ, unequally 3 cleft. Sta
mens 3.  sinthers yellow  Styles with tiie Stigma, only half as long
as the corolla.  Stigmas plumose, white.   Seed oblong.
   Grows abundantly on the sand hills that border, the ocean.
   Flowers July—August.                    Sea-shore Uniolot
                                         Sea-side Oats:
   2.  Spicata.
   U. foliis  oistiehis,  in-
volute ;   panicula  com-
pressa ; calyce 2—3 valvi;
spiculis   subsessilibus   ;
fioribus triandris.   E.
Leaves  distichous,  in-
volute ;	panicle	com-
pressed ;	calyx	2—a
valved ;	spikes	nearly
sessile ;	flowers	trian*
drous.		
 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.              iQ7
   Sp.pl. 1. p. 406.
   Walt. p. 79.
   Festuca distichophylla, Mich. 1, 67.  Pursh, l.p. 84.
  Root creeping, perennial.  St&n 1 foot high,  erect, and ascending,
terete, glabrous.  Leaves subulate, expanding, acute, entire, smooth
on tlie under surface, slightly glaucous and scabrous on the upper, in-
volute ;  sheaths longer than the joints;  the  throat ciliate.  Spikes
8—10 flowered.  Calyx 2, sometimes  3  valved, smaller than the co-
rolla.   Exterior valve of  the  corolla  coinor *ssed, acute ;  interior
valve  of the same length, rather obtuse.  N ctaries 2, covering the
germ, dilated and obtuse at the summit.  Antliers white.  Styles half
the length of the corolla.  Stigmas plumose.
  This plant has been transferred to the  Festuca, by Michaux ; but its
corolla, nectary, and styles, show its connection with this genus.
  Grows in places overflowed by salt-at  high tides.
  Flowers July—September.             Spike-flowered Uniola.
   3. Latifolia.   Mich.
   U.  panicula   diffusa  ;
spiculis   longe-peduncu-
latis;    calyce   trivalvi ;
floribus monandris.   E.
   Panicle diffuse; spikes
on long peduncles; calyx
3  valved;  flowers  mo-
nandrous.
    Mich. 1. p. 70.  Pursh, 1. p. 82.

   Root perennial ? Stem 2 feet high, terete, glabrous.  Leaves 4—6
inches Inches  long, J—1  wide, flat, smooth, with the margins sca-
 brous ; sheaths longer than the joints ; throat cilliate.  Panicle com-
 pressed ; pedicels of the spikes $—li inches long.  Spikes with 7  to
 10 fertile florets, and 2 or 3 at the summit, sterile.  Exterior valve
 of the corolla acute, 12 nerved, besides the keel, nerves double ; keel
 ciliate ; interior valves shorter, with the reflexed margins finely ciliate
 when viewed through a lens.
  From specimens collected by Dr. Macbride, in the mountains of Caro-
 lina.  The leaves of these specimens are narrower than those of some
 sent me from Pennsylvania, by Dr. JYiuhlenburg; though the species is
 certainly the same.
   Flowers August—September.            Broad-leaved  Uniola.
   4. Nitida.   Baldwin.
   U. folis planis, angus-
tis ; panicula  sparsa, pa-
tula;   spiculis subses^ili-
bus,   paueis ;   calycibus
trivalvibus ; floribus mo-
nandris.   Bald.
   Leaves  flat,  narrow j
panicle   scattered,   ex-
panding  ;   spikes   few,
nearly   sessile  ;    calyx
tbree valved^ flowers mo-
nandrous. 
|68              TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
  This species in its habit approaches the nearest to the U. latifbha,
from which however it is readily distinguished by its leaves, its thin
spreading panicle, its smaller and fewer flowered spike.
liej,rht 2—5 feet and upwards.  Baldwin.*
  Grows at Crooked river bridge, Camden county, Georgia.
  Flowers June—July.

   5.  Gracilis.  Mich.
   U.  panicula  racemosa,
appressa, gracili;  calyce
3-valvi, 3-floro; floribus
laxe imbricatis, monan-
dris.   E.
   Mich. 1. p. 71.   Pursh. 1. p. 82.
  Root perennial. Stem erect, 2 feet high, terete, glabrous  Leaves
linear, acute, flat, glabrous, smooth on the under  surface, scabrous on
the upper; sheatlis shorter  than the joints, with long hairs scattered
along the margins ;  throat hairy.  Panicle long, slender, erect, with
the branches appressed.  Spikes 3 flowered.   Anthers and  Stigmas
purple*
  Grows in rich soils, preferring damp and shaded situations.  Very
common.      T
  Flowers  through the summer.                 Slender Uniola.

              FESTUCA.   Gen.  pl. 119.
   Panicle  racemose, ap.
pressed,  slender;  calytf
3   valved,  3  flowered;
flowers loosely imbricate,
monandrous.
   Calyx  2  valvis.   Spi-
cula ohlonga,teretiuscula,
glumis  acuminatis.
   1. Tenella.
   F.  panicula simplicis-
eima,  secunda;   spiculis
suboctofloris,    aristatis.
Sp. pl.  l. p.  419.
   Pursh. 1. p. 83.
   Festuca octoflora, Walt p. 81.
   Festuca bromoides, Mich. 1. p.

  •It gives me much pleasure to mention, that Dr. Baldwin has promised to
se"!d,m? m future  not only specimens but descriptions of the new plants with
which he has enriched, and will continue to enrich  the flora of the Southern
States; and that I shall probably be able to add from his pen  many observations
on the known plants, which have hitherto been inaccurately or imperfectly de-
scribed. The notes of so accurate and skilful a Botanist, made from the Wing
plants, will not only prevent the mistakes and omissions which must unavoidably
recur m the examination of dried specimens, but will add to this "Sketch"*
mass ot original observations, which must greatly enhance its value.
   Calyx 2 valved.   Spike
oblong  columnar,   with
tbe glumes acuminate.

  Panicle simple, secund;
spikelets generally  eight
flowered,  awned.
66. 
TRIA&DRIA DIGYNIA.              169
  Root annual.  Stem 6—12 inches high, erect, geniculate near the
toot, columnar, roughened near the panicle.  Leaves 2—3 inches long,
subulate, acute,  glabrous on  the  under surface, pubescent and
slightly  scabrous on the upper.   Panicle leaning, composed of sim-
ple racemes.  Spikelets  lanceolate, 6—9 flowered,  nearly sessile.
Calyx 2 valved, valves unequal, slightly keeled, scabrous, smaller than
the corolla.  Corolla 2 valved; exterior valve slightly keeled, scabrous,
terminating in an awn as long as the valve; interior valve  smaller,
very acute.  Filaments 2? scarcely longer than the germ.  Anthers
purple.  Stigmas plumose.
  The anthers and stigmas appear in this species rarely to project out
of the corolla.
  Grows in very dry soils.  Common.
  Flowers April—May.
2. Polystachya ?  Mich.
   Stem procumbent, tak*
ing  root;   panicle large*
secund  ;   spikes   linear-
lanceolate, generally  ten
flowered,  awned.
   F. culmo procumbente,
radicante;  panicula  ma-
juscula,  subsecunda; spi-
cis lineari-lanceolatis, sub-
decemfloris,  aristatis.  E.
   Mich. 1. p. 66. Pursh, 1. p. 83.
   F. multiflora, WTalt. p. 81.
   F. procumbeii3, Mum. Cat.
  Root perennial? Stem 1—2 feet high, procumbent, branching, tak-
ing root at the joints, columnar, glabrous.   Leaves 8—12 inches long,
narrow, subulate, scabrous;  sheaths  much longer  than the joints;
stipule a lacerated membrane resembling hair.  Panicle erect, com-
posed of many simple racemes.  Spikelets sessile, generally 10 flow-
ered.   Calyx 2-valved, the  exterior small, very acute, keeled;  the
interior  as large as the corolla, awned.   Corolla 2  valved;  the
exterior keeled, lanceolate, terminated by an awn rather shorter than
the valve; the awn of the upper florets diminishing in length; awn and
keel scabrous.
  To the F. multiflora, Wralt. and F. polystachya, Mich, it bears much
resemblance, but does not agree exactly with the description of either.
  Grows in wet soils, around ponds.  Paris Island.  Rare to me.
  Flowers September—October.            Procumbent Festuca.

   3. Myurus.
   F.  panicula gracili, co-
arctata;  spiculis  quadri-
floris,  aristatis,  pilosis;
floribus monandris.   E.
   Panicle   slender,  ap-
pressed ;   spiklets  four-
flowered,  awned, hairy ;
flowers monandrous.
Sp. pl. l.p. 422. Pursh, 1. p. 83.
F. myuros, Mich. 1. p. 66.
F. quadriflora, Walt. p. 81.
                         W 
170              TRIANDRIA DI GYNIA.
   Root annual.  Stem 6—12 inches long,  erect,  geniculate near thd
 foot, columnar, glabrous   Leaves 2—3 inches long, subulate, concave,
 not keeled, glabrous on the under surface,  scabrous on the upper, and
 along the margins; sheaths nearly as long as the joints; stipules mem-
 branous.  Panicle  equal, not secund.   Spikes 4—7-flowered, nearly
 sessile.  Calyx 2 valved, valves unequal, very small, linear-lanceolate,
 acute.   Corolla 2 valved ; exterior valve concave, hairy, particularly
 near the summit, terminating in an awn twice as long as the valve; the
 interior valve membranous, lanceolate, unawned,with the bacjc impress*
 ed, as is the case in all spikes with distichous flowers.  Filament one?
 ■careely longer than the germ.   Styles 2, very short.  Stigmas plu-
 mose, white.  Seed oblong, acute.
  Of this plant, as of the F. tenella, I have never seen the stamens or
pistils uncovered by the corolla, yet I have no doubt but that at some
particular hour, or in some peculiar temperature* these organs are ex-
posed to the influence of the atmosphere.
  I once considered this plant as distinct from the Linnsean  F. myur-
us, and named it F. monandra; the description however of  Lamarck
in the Encyclopedie Methodique renders it probable that it i» the same:
the only circumstances which still occasion any doubt, the hairy corol-
la and  solitary filaments, are omitted  in his description.
  Grows in very dry soils.
  Flowers March—April.                Hairy-flowered Festuca*
   4.  Parviflora. E.
   F.  panicula subsequali,
gracili, appressa;  spiculis
tereti-subulatis,  quinque-
floris, aristatis;  caiycibus
muticis.   E.
   Panicle  equal, slender,
appressed; spikelets   te-
rete subulate, five-flower-
ed, awned; calyx unawn*
ed.
  Root fibrous, perennial.  Stem 12—18 inches high,  slender, gla-
brous.  Leaves linear, almost filiform, 3—1 inches long, slightly sca-
brous;  sheaths nearly as long as the joints; stipule membranous, trun-
cate.  Spikes  terete, tapering  to the summit but not compressed as
in b. tenella.   Valves  of the calyx unequal, very acute; keel serru-
late.  Exterior valve of the corolla  terminating in an awn about its
own length;  interior valve small lanceolate, with the  margin slightly
reflexed.   Styles very short.  Stigmas feathered, white.
  Near to F  spicata, Pursh. The upper or interior florets are shor-
ter  at first than the  exterior by which they appear to be enveloped,
but  gradually extend with age.
  From specimens collected by  Mr. J. S. Bennett, in  the pine barret
near Orangeburgh.                                    r
  Flowerg April. 
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA,            *7i
  Panicle secund, oblong,
branching ; spikelets six
flowered, nearly cylindri-
cal;  radical  leaves seta*
ceous, stem leaves flat.
   5. Duriuscula.
   F.  panicula  secunda,
eblonga,  ramosa; spicu-
lis sexfloris, subcylindri-
cis;  foliis radicalibus  se-
taceis, caulinis planis.  Sp.

pl. (. p.  421.
   Eng. Botany, No. 470.  Pursh 1. p. 82.

  Root perennial, (Smith).  Stem  12—18 inches high, erect, colum-
nar, glabrous.  Leaves 4—6 inches long, 2 lines wide, subulate, slight-
ly scabrous; 6heaths longer  than the joints; stipules membranous,
very short.   Panicle erect, branches leaning one way, generally
short, simple.  Spikes racemose on very  short peduncles, 6—8 flow-
ered.  Valves of the calyx unequal, very acute, smaller than the co-
rolla.  Exterior valve of the corolla lanceolate, very acute, but not
awned; interior similar, but smaller ; the keels serrulate, and under
a strong lens, a fine pubescence is visible all over the corolla.'
  Found near Savannah by Dr. Baldwin.  Has doubtless been intra
duced from Europe.
  Flowers
   6. Grandiflora.  La Marck.
   F. paniculafimplici, e- I    Panicle  simple, erect;
recta ; spiculis perpaucis, I spikelets very few, gene
Bubseptemfloris ;  floscu-
lis  acutis, distantibus.

   Lam. illust. l.p. 1*91.  Pursh, l.p. 84.
  Collected in Carolina, by Mr. Fraser.
rally seven flowered ; flo.
rets acute, distant.
Large-flowered Festuea.
   7. Unioloides.  Willd.
   F. panicula  contracta;
spiculis compressis, octo-
floris, muticis;  foliorum
vaginis   apice   barbatis,
Willd.  Hor. Berol.
   Pursh, 1. p. 84.

  Panicle nodding, expanding.  Spikes oblong-lanceolate.  Root §=-
brous. Pursh.
  Grows in Carolina.  Willd.  Pursh.
    Panicle   contracted ;
spikelets  compressed. 8
flowered,     unawned  ;
sheaths  of  the  leaves
bearded at the summit. 
17%
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA,
   8. Nutans.
   F.  panicula  ramis se-
cundis,  nutantibus,  sca-
bris; spiculis ovatis, com-
pressis, subsexfloris; flo-
ribus   acutis,  muticis ;
foliis   lineari-lanceolatis.
Willd.
   Pursh, 1. p. 84.
  Stem 2-3 feet high, terete,  glabrous.   Leaves long, glabrous,
atrongly nerved; stipules membranous.  Flowers almost terete, much
longer than the calyx.  Exterior valve of the corolla concave ? 5
nerved, very acute.                           _   „    , m
  Grows in Carolina.   Pursh. My  specimens are from Pennsylva-
nia.
  Flowers July.  Pursh.

                       BROMUS.
   Panicle  with branches
on one side, nodding, sca-
brous ;   spikelets  ovate,
compressed, generally  6
flowered ; flowers acutt*,
unawned  ;  leaves linear-
lanceolate.
Nodding Festuca.
   Calyx 2-valvis.  Spicu-
la oblonga, teres, disticha;
arista intra apicem.
  Calyx 2 valved. Spike-
let    oblong,   columnar,
distichous; with an  awn
below the fnmmit.
    Panicle    nodding ;
spikelets ovate, compress
sed;  glumes naked, dis-
tinct ;    awns   subulate,
short,  straight.
   1.  Secalinus.
   B.   panicula  nutante ;
spiculis ovatis, compres-
sis;  glumis  nudis,  dis-
tinctis; aristis  subulatis,
brevioribus,  rectis.   Sp.
pl. 1. p. 428.
   Pursh, 1. p. 85.
  Root annual ?  Stem 2 feet high, erect,  columnar, glabrous, thick-
ened at the joints.  Leaves 6—14 inches long, 3—4 lines wide, some-
what glabrous on the under surface, hairy on the  upper and ciliate.
Panicle  oblong, erect, branching.   Spikes  on peduncles generally
5—10 lines long,oblong-ovate,8—10 flowered, compact; florets large*
Valves of the calyx unequal, lanceolate, acute, unawned ; the interior
as large as the corolla. Exterior valve of the  corolla ovate, emargi*
nate, 7 nerved, under a lens, pubescent, particularly along the midrib 5
awn very short, straight: the  inner valve smaller, reflexed, with the
margins ciliate.  The awn is said  to be slightly reflexed when the
»eed is mature.                                     '
   From specimens sent from St. John's, by  Dr. Macbride.
   Flowers July. 
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.              17S
2.  ClLIATUS.
   B.  panicula  nutante;
foliis   utrinque,  vaginis-
que  subpilosis  ;   glumis
ciliatis ;   spiculis  lineari-
lanceolatis, 8—10  floris.
3
                                    Panicle     nodding ;
                                leaves  on both sides, and
                                the sheaths hairy; glumes
                                ciliate;  spikelets  linear-
                                lanceolate, 8—io flower-
                                ed.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 433.  Pursh, 1. p. 85.

  Root perennial.   Stem  slender.   Panicle conspicuously  nodding,
(Linn.)   Spikes slender, nearly cylindrical.  Valves of the calyx un-
equal, very acute, but not ■awned, pubescent.  Valves  of the corolla
unequal; exterior  lanceolate, concave, pubescent, ciliate, with  three
strong  double nerves and four obscure ones alternately arranged;
awn nearly as long as the valve ; the  interior valve much smaller,
lanceolate, with  the  margins reflexed, ciliate.  Stamens 3.  Anthers
yellow.   Styles short.  Nectaries obovate, emarginate ?
  This is the B. ciliatus.of Dr. Muhlenburg; but it may admit of some
doubt whether it is the B. ciliatus, of  Linnseus.   Linnseus  remarks,
that the margins, and not the back, are very hairy ; in this plant, the
back and margins are equally hairy.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.  Found on the Oakmulgee, by
Dr. Baldwin.                                            '
  Flowers May—July.                       Fringed Bromns.


   3.  PlTRGANS.
   E.   panicula   nutante,  }      Panicle     nodding ;
crispa ;  foliis  utrinque  |  leaves  naked  ;   sheaths
nujjis ;   vaginis  villosis ;  j  villous; glumes hairy.
glumis  pilosis.   Sp.   pl.  j
431.                         j

  Root perennial.   Stem erect, 1—2 feet high columnar, glabrous.
Leaves 6—12 inches long, 2—3 lines wide, scabrous, free from  hair;
sheaths much longer than the joints,  clothing the stem completely, ex-
tremely villous, with the hairs generally reflected; stipules a  hairy
membrane.  Panicle diffuse, peduncles hairy, flexuous ;  spikes lance-
olate, very acute, 4—6 flowered.  Valves of the calyx unequal, lan-
ceolate ; the  exterior very acute; the interior awned;  both  hairy.
Externr valve of the corolla larger than the calyx, awned, near the
summit hairy ; the  interior ciliate.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers July—September.                 Cathartic Bromus. 
±7±             TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA*
AVENA.
   Calyx 2  valved, many
flowered.   Awn  dorsal,
contorted.
   Flowers spiked;  calyx
longer than the six flow-
ered spikelets; the exte-
rior ^petals  awned,  and
forked.
   Calyx  2-valvis,  multi-
florus.    Arista  dorsalis,

eontorta.
   1. Spicata.
   A.  spicata ;  calycibus
spiculis sexfloris longiori-
bus; petalo  exteriore  a-
pice aristato, furcatoque.
Sp.  pl. 1. p.  453.
   Pursh, l.p. 86.
   A. glumosa,  Mich. 1. p. 72.
  Root perennial ?  Stem 2 feet high, erect, columnar, somewhat gla-
brous, pubescent near the summit.  Leaves 2—4 inches long, subu-
late,  acute, rather flat, glabrous on the upper surface, pubescent, al-
most villous on the under;  sheaths villous, shorter than the joints,
bearded at the  throat.  Panicle small; branches simple; spikes ra-
cemose, on peduncles 2—6 lines long.  Calyx  2 valved, generally
six-flowered ; valves longer than the spike, compressed, keeled ; the
keel finely serrulate ; margins membranous.  Corolla 2 valved ; exte-
rior valve lanceolate, compressed, very villous, the sides terminating in
two awns nearly as long as the valve, between which arises a contort-
ed, spiral, dorsal awn  twice as long as the valve; interior valve much
smaller, lanceolate, finely fringed.
  Grows in the upper  districts of Georgia and Carolina, in high land.
Columbia county, Georgia.
  Flowers April.                       Spike-flowered Avena.
   2. Pennsylvania.
   A. panicula attenuata ;
ealycibus bifloris ;  semi-
nibus  villosis;  aristis ca-
lyce   duplo  longioribus.
Sp. pl. 1. p.  445.
   Pursh, 1. p. 85.

   Grows in Carolina, Pursh.
Georgia, by Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers May—June.
   Panicle slender; calyx
two-flowered; seeds vil-
lous ; the  awn twice as
long as the calyx.
Found  in the western  districts of

       Pennsylvanian Oat-Grass, 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA,             175
ELEUSINE.
   Flowers on one side of
the rachis.  Calyx 2 valv-
ed, 8—6 flowered; all the
florets fertile.

   Stem   erect;   panicle
very  long;  spikes alter-
nate, filiform, long; spike-
lets  filiform, generally a
flowered.
   Flor'es  laterales.    Ca-
lyx bivalvis, 2—6 florus ;
flores omnes fertiles.


   1. MUCRONATA ?  Midi
   E ? culmo erecto; pan-
icula  prselonga  ;   spicis
alternis,  fihformibus, lon-
gis;  spiculis filiformibus,
subtrifloris.  E.
   Mich. l.p. 65.  Pursh, 1. p. 87.
   E. filiformis, Muhl. Cat.
  Root annual ?  Stem 1—3 feet high, terete, glabrous.  Leaves 6—12
inches long, 4—5 lines wide, slightly scabrous ; sheaths generally
longer than the joints, hispid ; stipules membranous, short, bearded at
the summit.  Panicle 1—2 feet long.  Spikes 4—5 inches long. Ca-
lyx, valves nearly equal, keeled, acute, the keel coloured, the mar-
gins  membranous.   Corolla 2  valved, valves  unequal; the exterior
longer, concave, not keeled, obtuse, hairy.  Filaments 3.  Anthers
very  pale  purple.   Styles scarcely as long as the corolla.  Stigmas
slender, dark purple, feathered.
  The valves of tne calyx are very acute, but I should not call them
mucronate.  We have probably more species than one with  filiform
spikes. To the E. indica this plant has so little apparent aflinity, that
it will probably yet be separated from thia genus.
  Grows in cultivated land j not rare.
  Flowers July—October.
   2. Indica.
   E. spicis digitatis, stric-
tis,  linearibus ;  spiculis
lanceolatis, quinquefloris;
culmo  compresso, decli-
nato, glabro.   E.
  Spikes digitate, straight,
linear;  spikelets  lanceo-
late,  5  flowered;  stem
compressed,    declining,
glabrous.
   Mich. 1. p. 64.  Pursh, 1. p. 87.
   Cyno3urus Indicus, Sp. pl. l. p. 417.   Walt. p. 32.

  Root perennial.  Stem 1—2 feet high, decumbent, shining; joints
incrassate.  Leaves long, linear, the under surface smooth, glabrous ;
die upper hairv, scabrous; sheath* long,  liairy, compressed.   Spikes 
17(J             TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
S—7, generally 5; 4 digitate, and 1 below.  Spikelets 4—6 flowered,
(I have found them most commonly 5 flowered.)  Calyx, valves un-
equal, acute, keeled;  keels scabrous.   Corolla, valves acute.  Sta-
mens 3.  Styles 2.                               .
  Grows in rich cultivated land very abundantly.  It is a tine succu-
lent grass, and one of our best grasses for hay.  It makes its appearance
much later in the spring than the crab-grass, but grows more luxu-
riantly and vigorously.
Flowers June—October.      Indian Eleusine.—Crow-foot Grass.
   3. Cruciata.   E.
   E ? spicis quaternis, pa-
tentibus, mucronatis; spi-
culis subtrifloris; calycis
valvula exteriore aristata,
corollse acutissima.  E.
    Spikes    by    fours,
expanding,   mucronate ;
spikelets   generally   3
flowered;  the  exterior
valve of the calyx awned,
of the corolla very acute.
   Chloris mucronata, Mich. 1. p. 59.
   Pursh, 1. p.
  Root annual.  Stem 12—18 inches high, decumbent, finally assur-
gent, geniculate, taking root at the joint, glabrous.  Leaves distintly
alternate, narrow, 4—8 inches long, 2—3 lines wide, acute, slightly
undulate, hairy, ciliate; sheaths scarcely half as long as the  joints;
stipules membranous.  Spikes sometimes 2—3, but in vigorous plants
always 4 ;  the rachis extends with an acute point almost half an inch
beyond the spikelets ; spikelets  3 flowered, 2 fertile, the terminal
floret sterile, sometimes wanting; florets diverging. Calyx 2 valved, ex-
terior valve ovate,  keeled, emarginate, awned; the interior small,
acute, unawned.   Corolla 2  valved; the exterior valve  keeled, with
the keel serrulate, compressed, slightly recurved, acuminate ; the in-'
terior valve smaller.
  Grows in cultivated ground; common.
  Flowers July—October.               Cross-spiked Eleusine.
MONOCERA.
   Flores laterales.  Calyx
3-valvis, multiflorus; val-
vis sub apice aristatis.
   Herm.   Corolla bival-
vis ;  valvis insequalibus;
   Flowers on one side of
the rachis.   Calyx 3 val-
ved, many flowered ;  the
valves awned  below  the
summit.
   Herm.  Corolla 2  val-
ved,  unequal:   the   ex- 
TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA.                 177
exteriore sub apice  aris-   terior  valve  awned  be-
tata.                           low the summit.
   Neut.  Corolla bivalvis;      Neut.  Corolla 2  valv-
valvis  muticis.                ed; valves  unawned.
   1.  Aromatic a.
   JEgilops aromaticum, Walt. p. 249.
   Chloris monostachya, Mich. l.p. 59.  Sp. pl. 4. p. 928. Pursh,

  Root perennial.   Stem 3—4 feet high> columnar, pubescent, slight*
Iy scabrous.   Leaves 4—12 inches long, 2—4 lines wide, glabrous on
the under surface,  the upper surface and margins scabrous ; sheaths
half as long as the joints, scabrous, hairy at the throat.  Spikes termi-
nal, solitary, secund ; spikelets in two rows.  Rachis  naked  at the
summit.  Calyx 3 valved, S flowered  : exterior  valve (involucrum ?)
lanceolate, acute,  somewhat compressed, villous at base, with three
prominent nerves along  the back, roughened  with  globular glands ;
From the centre of the back an awn half an inch long projects like  a
horn; the  two interior valv.s lanceoate, compressed, with the  mar-
gins villous, a d a  straight, short awn nea  the summit.   Corolla 2
valved ; exterior valve similar to the interior valves of the calyx, but
gradua ly diminishing; the interior valve smaller, acute, pubescent;
the terminal neutral floret 2 valved ;  valves small, unawned.  Fila-
ments 3. Anthers white.  Styles 2, shorter, than the corolla.   Stig-
mas plumose, purple. Nectaries 2, obovate, shorter than the germ.
  Grows in the open ponds and savannahs  of the pine barrens.   Ve-
ry pungent to the taste.
  Flowers May—July.                     Tooth-ache Grass.

  In this plant, as in the Eleusine cruciata, and even indica, the ter-
minal florets are frequently abortive; but they gradually diminish,
and appear to have been  sterile, because the spike had produced  more
buds than it could mature.  This occurs in most spiked grasses, and in
many other plants ; but these abortive flowers are very distinct  from
the pedicelled neutral floret of the Chloris, (I speak of the C. petrsea).
Neither is there in this plant, nor in the E. cruciata, any thing in the
corolla resembling the concave, rigid,  cartilaginous, and almost horny
corolla of the Chloris; I have thereforer emoved them from that genus.
CHLORIS.
 Flores unilaterales.  Ca-
lyx  bivalvis,  2—6  flo-
rus ;  flore altero sessili,
hermaphrodito,     altero
pediceilato, masculo.
   Flowers on  one side of
the  rachis.   *.  lyx 2—5
flowered  ;   one  flower
sessile,   hermaphrodite,
one pedicelled, male.
//
x 
178            TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
   Herm.   Corolla  bival-
vis ; valvula exteriore co-
riacea.  Arista  termina-
lis.  Stamina 3.   Styli 2.
Semen 1.
   Masc.  Corolla  uni  s.
bivalvis, aristata.   Stam-
ina 3, s. 0.
   1.  Petr.£A.
   C.   spicis  quaternis,
(5-6-nis), strictis, erectis;
flosculis  imbricatis, sub-
glabris, muticis;  valvula
exteriore calycis aristata;
culmo  compresso.   Sp.
pl. 4. p. 924.
   Mich. 1. p. 58. Pursh, 1. p. 87.
   Rachis articulata, tere-
tiuscula, in  pluribus  fili-
formis.  Calyx ovato-lan-
   Herm.  Corolla  2 valv-
ed ;  the  exterior  valve
coriaceous.   Awn   ter-
minal.  Stamens 3   Styles
2.  Seed 1.
   Masc.   Corolla  1—2
valved, awned.   Stamens
3 or 0.

   Spikes  by  fours, digi-
tate, straight, erect; flow-
ers  imbricate,  glabrous,
unawned;  the  exterior
valve  of the  calyx awn-
ed ; stem compressed.
   Rachis  jointed, some-
what   terete,   common-
ly filiform.  Calyx ovate-
  Root perennial.  Stem prostrate, branching,  taking root at the
joints, geniculate, compressed, ascending.  Leaves about 3 inches
long, obtuse, glabrous, somewhat glaucous, slightly channelled, with
the margins and keel serrulate ; sheaths longer than the joints, com-
pressed, with  the back serrulate, contracted at the throat.  Calyx 2
valved, 2 flowered, hermaphrodite and neuter ;  exterior valve obo-
vate, emarginate, awned with a scabrous midrib; interior  smaller,
keeled, very acute.  Corolla of the hermaphrodite flower 2 valved,
much larger than the calyx ; the exterior valve concave, rigid, carti-
laginous, dark brown, ciliate along the margins, the midrib termina-
ting in a short awn ; the interior smaller, membranous,  the  margins
reflexed, both slightly emarginate ; the neutral floret on a short thick
pedicel, one valved, concave, obtuse, pale  brown, nerved along the
marjiin.
  Grows in soils exposed to the influence of salt water.
  Flowers June—August.                    Sea-side Chloris.
ROTTBOELLA. 
TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA-              179
ceolatus,  planus,  uni  vel |  lanceolate, flat,  1  or 2
bivalvis, uni vel biflorus. j  valved, 1 or  2 flowered.
Flosculi  alterni in  rachi I Florets alternate on a flex-
flexuosa.                   | uous rachis.
   1. DlMIDIATA ?
   R. spica compressa, li-
neari, uni-lateriflora; ca-
lyce bivalvi, bifloro,  flore
exteriore  masculo,  inte-
riore hermaphrodito.  E.
   Spike compressed, li-
near,  flowering  on   one
side ; calyx two  valved,
two flowered, the  exte-
rior floret male, the  inte-
rior hermaphrodite.
   Mich. 1. p 60.
   Ischsemum secundatum ? Walt. p. 249.

  Root perennial.  Stems  creeping, slightly compressed, branching,
glabrous, breaking easily at the joints. Leaves perennial, 4—10 inches
long, 2—3 lines wide, obtuse, very glabrous, compressed, serrulate
near the summit, frequently opposite; sheath compressed, smooth,
contracted at the throat; stipules bearded.  Spikes terminal,  flat,
flowering on one side; flowers alternate, sitting in depressions in the
margins of the rachis.  Valves of the calyx unequal, the exterior much
shorter than the corolla, rounded :  the interior lanceolate, concave,
as long as the corolla.  Valves of the corolla lanceolate, acute, the in-
terior a little,shorter ; both florets  similar.   Nectaries 2, oblong, ob-
tuse, shorter than the germ.  Anthers  and  stigmas yellowish.  Seed
oval, flat on one side.
  Grows near salt water in every soil.
  Flowers through the whole summer.

  As the European botanists who have it in their power to ascertain
the fact still consider this plant as the R. dimidata of Linnseus, I
have retained the name adding  the note  of doubt, and altered the
specific character to suit our plant;  but it has always appeared to me
more nearly allied to R. compressa. The  figure in La Marck's Il-
lustrations, t. 43. f. 1. b. for R. compressa  resembles  our plant very
stronsrlv.
ELYMUS.
/f
   Calyx  lateralis, bival.
vis,  aggregatus, multiflo.
rug.
   Calyx lateral, 2 valved,
aggregate, many  flower-
ed. 
180             TRIANDRIA DIGYNIA.
   Spike erect,  spikelets
3  flowered,  awned,  gla-
brous,  by  pairs;  calyx
lanceolate, nerved, as long
as the spikes.
   1.  Virginicus.
   E. spica erecta, spiculis
trifloris, aristatis, glabris,
geminatis;  caiycibus lan-
ceolatis nervosis spiculas
sequantibus.    Willd. E-
num.  131.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 469.       *
   Mich. 1. p. 65.
   E. Carolinianus, Walt. p. 82.
   Pursh, 1. p. 89

  Root perennial.  Stem 2—3  feet high, erect columnar, glabrous
Leaves 8—12 inches long, 2—3  lines wide, acute, scabrous ; sheaths
glabrous : stipules very short or mine.  Calyx, 2 valves to each spike of
florets, somewhat lateral, so that that the calyxes form a sort of invo-
lucrum around the inclosed spikes; valves lanceolate,thick,flexuous,
deeply striate, terminating in an awn about their own length.   Corol-
la 2 valved ; the exterior lanceolate, concave, awned ; the  interior
lanceolate, obtuse, serrulate, as long as the exterior valve excluding
the awn.  The awn of the exterior floret longer than the awn of the
calyx ;  the other gradually diminishing in length.
  My specimens have generally  4 perfect florets besides 1 or 2 abor-
tive ones on each spike.
  Grows generally in dry soils. At the Sister's Ferry, Savannah
river, on its margin.
  Flowers June—August.
   2. Striatus.
   E. spica erecta, spicu-
lis  bifloris.  aristatis,  his-
pidis, geminatis; caiyci-
bus  linearibus,  nervosis,
aristatis, spiculis fere su
perantibus;  foliis vaginis-
que  glabris.   Willd.  E-
num. 131.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 470.
   Pursh, 1. p. 89.

  Grows in the north-western districts of Georgia.  Muhl.
  rowers July—September.
   Spike erect;  spikelets
2 flowered, awned, hispid,
by pairs;  calyx  linear,
nerved,   awned,   rather
longer  than the  spikes;
leaves  and  sheaths  gla-
brous. 
TRIANDRIA TRIGYN1A.
181
   3.  Europ^eus.
   E. spica erecta,  spicu-
lis  bifloris aristatis, invo-
lucro   lsevi   sequalibus.
Persoon, l. p. 107.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 470.
   Muhl. Cat. p. 14.
  Very similar to the E. Virginicus, but differing by its smooth invo-
lucrum.  Linn.
   Spil^e erect; spikelets
2   flowered,  awned,  as
long as the smooth invo-
lucrum.
   Spike erect; spikelets
expanding,  destitute  of
an involucrum.
   4.  Hystrix.
   E. spica erecta; spicu-
lis  patentibus  involucro
destitutis.   Sp.  pl. 1.  p.
471.
   Muhl. Cat. p. 14.
  Spike composed of  two spikelets at each tooth of the rachis.
Spikelets composed of 4 flowers with long aVns.  Involucrum 0, but
in its place 2 callous bodies.  Linn.
  I have had no opportunity of comparing my specimens with others
of this  species from the eastern hemisphere ; in ours the spikes are
erect, generally 3 flowered, and the corolla very smooth.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina, and in the country of the
Creeks, Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers June—August.
WWW WV W* WV WV WW V\
TRIGYNIA.
WXWXAMAVWVWVl
PROSERPINTACA.
   Calyx 3-partitus, supe-
rus.
   Corolla o.  Nut 3-locu-
laris.
   1. Palustris.
   P.  foliis superioribus |    Upper leaves lanceo-
lanceolatis, serratis, infe- j late, serrate,  the  low«*
   Calyx 3-parted,  supe-
rior.
   Corolla 0.  Nut  3-cal-
led.
*$0 
182             TRIANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
rioribus pectinatis;  nucis | pectinate;  angles  of the

angulis acutis. E. m       j nut acute.
  Sp. pl. p. 492. Walt. p. 84. Mich. p. 76. Var. a. Pursh, l.p. 92.
  Root fibrous, perennial? Stem herbaceous, procumbent, assurgent,
branciiing, glabrous, columnar, generally coloured, (reddish or purple.)
Leaves alternate, sessile;  the lower frequently submersed, pectinate;
the  middle incised :  the  upper  acute, doubly serrate; all glabrous.
Flowers 1—3, axillary, nearly sessile.  Calyx 3 leaved ?  leaves lan-
ceolate, expanding, persistent.   Filaments nearly the length  of the
calyx, affixed to the summit of the  germ,  opposite to the leaves of
the  calyx, alternating with  the stigmas.    Anthers  erect, at first
senile.  Germ inferior, S angled, angles very sharp,  almost winged.
Styles 0. Stigmas 3, glandular,  bright purple, expanding.  Fruit a
Nut 3 celled, not opening.  Seed one in each cell, oblong.
  Grows in ditches and shallow waters.
    Flowers  April.


  2.  Pec  tin vta.   La Marck.
  P.  foliis omnibus pec-     All the leaves pectinate.
tinatis,  nuce  majore an-*  Nut  larger  with  obtuse
gulis obtusis.   E.           angles.
  La Marck, Illust.  1. p. 214.  Pursh 1. p. 92.
  P. palustris, var b. Mich. 1. p. 76.
  Root perennial ?  stem herbaceous, erect,  sometimes procumbent,
2—8 inches high,  rarely branching, angled near the summit. Leaves
alternate,  glabrous,  pectinate ;  segments linear, acute,  expanding.
Flowers 1—3, axillary, nearly sessile.  Stigmas white. Nut  S ang-
led,  larger than in the preceding species withthe angles obtuse.
  Grows in shallow water, common around pine-barren ponds in Chat-
ham county,  Georgia.
  Flowers May—April.
                    POLYCARPON.

   Calyx 5—phyllus.  Pe-      Calyx 5  leaved.   Pe-
tala  5,  minima,   ovata.   tats 5, very small, ovate.
Capsula l—locularis,  tri-   Capsule l-celled,  3  val-
valvis.                        ved.
   1. Tetraphyllum.
    Sp. pl. 1. p. 490.
  Root somewhat fusiform, annual ? Stem S—6 inches high, ascend-
ing or erect, much branched, glabrous, striate, knotted.  Leaves op-
posite and by fours, obovate, obtuse, entire, glabrous, narrowed at 
TRIANDRIA TRIGYNl\.
133
base, 4—6 lines long, 2—3  wide.  Stipules 2—4 or more at each
joint, membranous, ovate lanceolate, acuminate.  Flowers in corym-
bose panicles terminal and lateral; panicles dichotomous with a flower
in each division; peduncles 1—-2 lines long.  Calyx persistent, leaves
acuminate, the keel green, margins membranous; the two exterior
leaves a little shorter.  Petals  three or four times shorter than the ca-
lyx, emarginate, white, persistent.  Filaments 3 longer than the co-
rolla.   Anthers nearly globose, yellow.   Germ -uperior, slightly  3
angled.  Style  one ? persistent,  3 cleft   Stigmas simple.   Capsule
ovate,  one  celled.  Seeds  many, 6—10,  nearly oval,  attached by
their bases to the margin of the valve.
  I have never seen a flower with three distinct styles.
  Grows around Charleston abundantly, and was probably introduced
from Spain or Portugal.
    Flowers May—June
  For P. uniflorum of Walter, see Arenaria.
MOLLUGO.
   Calyx 5-phyllus.   Co-
rolla 0.   Capsula 3-locu-
laris, 3-valvis.
   1. Verticillata.
   M.  foliis  verticillatis,
cuneiformibus,   acutis ;
caule  subdiviso, decum-
bente ; pedunculis  uniflo-
ris.   Sp.pl. l.p. 492.
   Calyx  5 leaved.   Co-
rolla 0.  Capsule 3 celled,
3 valved.

    Leaves     verticillate,
wedge-shaped,    acute ;
stem  somewhat divided,
decumbent  ;   peduncles
l flowered.
   Walt. p. 83.  Mich. 1. p. 77.  Pursh, 1. p. 92.
  Root annual. Stem prostrate, branching, columnar, smooth. Leaves
sessile, generally  6 in a whorl, glabrous.  Flowers axillary, many
around each whorl;  peduncles half an inch long, slender.   Calyx ex-
panding, leaves lanceolate, acute, 3 nerved, with the margins mem-
branous.  Filaments 3, longer than the.germ.  Anthers nearly round.
Germ ovale, superior.  Styks 3, short!  Stigmas recurved, plumose.
Capsule ovate, 3 furrowed.  Seeds  many, somewhat kidney-shaped,
attached in two rows to a central receptacle in each cell.
  Very common in cultivated ground.
  Flowers April—September.


                       LECHEA.

   Calyx  3-phyllus.   Pe-     Calyx  3 leaved.   Pe-
tala 3.    Capsula 3-locu-   tals 3.   Capsule 3 celled,
i 
184
TRIANDRIA  TRIGYNIA.
laris;  valvulis   totidem
interioribus.   Semen l in
loculo singulo.
   1.  Villosa.
    L.  ramis  radicalibus
prostratis, villosis;  foliis
lanceolatis,   mucronatis,
pilosis;  paniculis  parvis,
iasciculatis; caule erecto.
E.
L. major, Mich. I. p.
Walt. p. 83.
3  valved,  with as many
interior valves.   Seed l
in each cell.

   Radical branches pros-
trate, villous;  leaves lan-
ceolate, mucronate, hairy;
panicles  small,  flowers
clustered;  stem erect.
p. 76.
  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, 1 —2 feet high, branching,slight-
ly scabrous, surrounded at base by branches 2—4 inches long that trail
on the ground ;  the  radical and young stem branches covered with
white hairs, which are somewhat effaced in the older ones.  Leaves
on the radical branches  opposite, on the stem alternate, 5—8 lines
long, 3—4 wide.  Flowers in small clustered panicles at the termina-
tion of the branches.   Bracteas, 2 leaves at the base of each calyx, li-
near-lanceolate, acute, hairy, persistent, reflexed during the time of
flowering, afterwards appressed ; these appear to have been mistaken
by WTalter and even  Linneeus himself for the  real  calyx.   Leaves
of the calyx lanceolate, obtuse, hairy on the outside, persistent.  Pe-
tals lanceolate, obtuse, flat, as long as. but narrower  than the calyx,
deciduous. Filaments 6—12, longer than the corolla. Anthers 2celled,
pink coloured.  Germ superior, ovate.  Styles 0.  Stigm'as 3 ? plumose.
Seed 1 in each cell, oblong, angled at one side, acute at each end./
  As  the  L.  major  of Linneeus is now understood to be the Cistus
Canadensis and not a Lechea, I have avoided the  name  to prevent
confusion. This plant, if kept from running  to seed, would probably
form a very neat edging for the  beds of a flower garden ;  the foliage
of the radical  branches is  very handsome during the  winter, and the
iize of the plant is well suited to such a purpose.
  Grows in sandy soils, common.
  Flowers July—August.
   2. Racemulosa.   Mich.
   L. caule erecto;  foliis
lineari-lanceolatis, ciliatis;
paniculis elongatis; flori-
bus solitariis,  racemosis.
E.
   Mich. 1. p. 77.  Pursh, 1. p. 91.
   L. minor, Walt. p. 83.
   Stem erect;  leaves li-
near  lanceolate, ciliate;
panicles elongate; flowers
in racemes, solitary. 
TRIANDRIA  TR1GYNIA.             185
  Perennial.  Stem erect, 18 inches high,when old glabrous. Leaves
small, narrow.  Flowers nearly sessile, forming racemes at the ter-
mination of each branch.
  Grows in dry soils.
  Flowers through the summer.



   3. Tenuifoli\.   Mich.
   L. sparse  pilosa;  fo#-    Somewhat hairy; leaves
liis   subulato-linearibus ;  subulate  linear; panicle
panicula divaricata;  flo-  divaricate;  flowers soli-
ribus solitariis, racemosis.  tary, in racemes.
   Mich. 1. p. 77.  Pursh, l.p. 91. -
   L. juncifolia ? Walt. p. 83.

  Plant small, shrubby.  StemSi decumbent  and assurgent,  branches
expanding.  Capsules large when compared  to the size of the plant
and the other  species of this genus. Mich.   Bracteas wanting. WatU
  Grows on the sand hills near the Santee river.  Mich.
  Flowers May—July.
   4. Thymipolia.   Mich.
   L.  cano-villosa;  foliis     Hoary, villous; leaves
linearibus, acutis ;   pani-  linear,   acute;   panicle
culis  elongatis ;  floribus  long;  flowers  in  lateral
fascicuiatis,    lateralibus  and terminal clusters.
terminalibusque.
   Mich. l.p. 77.  Pursh, 1. p. 91.
  Stem erect, rather rough.   Panicle erect. Flowers in leafy clus-
ters,  Mich.
  Grows in arid soils.
  Flowers May—August.
Y 
186
TETRANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
CLASS IV-
/**/•—82.
/f7-— S3.
-—.  84.
/rr—«5.
/*}0—86.
/*/—87.
/^4-—88
/?8—89.
---   90.
/* f—91.
>---92.
100— 93.
2<*/—94.
2/73-95.
2o£~96.
MONOGTjYM.

CEPHAL\NTHUS.
ALLIONIA
HEDYOTIS
SPERM ACOCE.
DIODIA
HOUSTONIA.
GALIUM.
RUBIA.
MITCHELLA.
CALLICARPA.
LYCIUM.
POLYPREMUM.
PLANTAGO.
CRN TUNCITLUS.
CENTAURELLA.
 TETRANDRIA.

P  2^^—97. FRASER A.
   Z06-—98. SANGUKIORBA.
   2^/—99. CORNUS.
   i//»—490. PTELRA.
   2 y/—101. LUDWIGIA.
   ^/T—102. AMMANNIA.

            DTGYmA.

   2/f—t03. HAMAMELIS.
   21^-104. CUSCUTA.

            7£7'1MGTJV£&

   tr^—10S. SAGINA.
   ,__-.  106. POTAMOGETON.
WV WWW WWW WV WV WV
CEPHALANTHUS.
       C#fa/#  communis   o,
   praprius  superus, infun-
   dibuliformis.  Receptacu-
   lum  globosum, pilosum.
    Capsula  4-locularis, non
   dehiscens.   Semina soli-
   taria.
£.      1.  Occidentalis.
   Common calyx 0, pro-
per   superior,   funnel-
shaped.   Receptacle glo-
bose,  hairy.   Capsule  4
celled, not opening.  Seed
solitary.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 543.  Walt. p. 84.  Mich. 1. p. 87. Pursh, 1. p. 114.

  A shrub 6—15 feet  high,  the wood soft,  spungy and pithy in the
centre, the bark rather smooth.  Stem jointed,  much branched, the
branches generally  opposite.  Leaves opposite and ternate, ovate-
lanceolate, slightly acuminate, very entire, the upper surface glabrous,
shining, the veins on tiie under surface pubescent; 4-5 inches long,
|-2i wide;  petioles half an tnch long, pubescent, slightly wrogeo.
Foyers  axillary and terminal;  peduncles (common) 2^-3 inches
long, pubescent.  Calyxr (proper)  1 leaved, angled, superior, 4 cleft,
tte segments obtuse.  Corolla 1 petalled, tubular, 4 times as long Z
the calyx, hairy within, white, the border 4 cleft, segments obtuse. 
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.           16?
Filaments 4, very short, attached  to the tube of the  corolla at th$
base of each fissure.  Anthers oblong, sagittate, pale brown.  Germ
angled.  Style filiform, twice as long as the  corolla.   Stigma capi-
tate.   Capsule angled, inversely pyramidal, 2 ? celled.  Receptacle
globose, very hairy.
  Grows in swamps, ponds and stagnant waters.
  Flowers July.                               Button-wood.
  The inner bark of the root is an agreeable bitter, and frequently
used as a remedy in obstinate coughs.
ALLIONIA.
  Common calyx oblong,
simple, 3 flowered;  pro-
per calyx obsolete, supe-
rior.   Corolla  irregular.
Receptacle naked.
   Calyx communis  (in-
volucrum) oblongus, sim-
plex triflorus, proprius ob-
soletus, superus.   Cor61-
luUe irregularis.   Recep-
taculum nudum.
   1. A lb id a.   Walt.
   A. foliis  oppositis,  ob-
longo-lanceolatis,    sub-
scabris ;  pedunculis  op-
positis, solitariis  fascicu-
latisque; involuero quin-
quefldo.   E.
   Walt. p. 84.  Pursh, 1. p. 97.
 ' Root annual ? Stem  erect, 4 angled, furrowed,  sprinkled  with a
glandular pubescence,  branches opposite.  Leaves oblong, irregular,
lanceolate, ovate, sometimes slightly fiddle-shaped, scabrous near the
margins ; common peduncles axillary, the lower ones generally soli-
tary, the upper in  small clusters,  perhaps becoming solitary by the
exteusion of the stem.  Involucrum at first deeply 5 cleft, hairy, cili-
ate, the incisions P diminishing  with age. Corolla  longer than  the
involucrum.  Stamens  twice as long as the corolla.  Seed naked, ob>
long, 5—6 angled, almost hispid.
  This with the other plants in North America heretofore referred to
Allionia are probably species of Calymema.
  Grows near Columbia, South-Carolina.  Mr. Herbemont.
  Flowers in the spring.
   Leaves  opposite,  ob-
long  lanceolate,   some-
what  scabrous ;
cles   opposite,
and  clustered  ;
crum  5  cleft.
 pedun-
solitary
 involu-
                      HEDYOTIS.
   Corolla  l petala, infun- |     Corolla 1 petalled, fun-
dibuliformis.   Capsida 2- | nel-shaped.    Capsule  e 
188          TETRANDRIA M0N0GYNIA.
locularis, polysperma, in-
fera.
celled, many  seeded, in*
ferior.
   Leaves  lanceolate, ta-
pering at base, pubescent;
flowers  in clusters,  ses-
sile, axillary and terminal.
   1. Glomerata.
  H. foliis lanceolatis, basi
attenuatis, pubescentibus;
floribus in capitulis,  sub-
sessilibus, axillaribus ter-
minalibusque.
  H. auricularia, Walt p. 8J.
  Oldenlandia glomerata,  Mich. 1. p. 83.  Pursh, I. p. 102.
  Root perennial, somewhat stoloniferous.  Stem procumbent assur-
gent, 12—18 inches long,  columnar, pubescent, somewhat branched.
Leaves opposite, entire, sessile, connected at base by stipules which
have two long,  subulate teeth and sometimes three short ones alter-
nating with them. Flowers in clusters forming whorls.  Bracteas 1—3
at the base of each calyx, lacerate.  Calyx 1 leaved, superior, persis-
tent, 4 parted,  almost hispid.  Corolla 1 petalled, deciduous, white,
shorter than the Calyx; tube very short; border 4 cleft,  Filaments 4,
very short, inserted  into the  tube of the corolla.  Anthers  nearly
globose.   Germs compressed, hispid.  Style 0.   Stigma sessile, thick.
Capsuk  nearly globose, surrounded near the summit by  the perma-
nent opening across the dissepiment.  Seeds many in each cell, three
angled, blackish, attached to a central receptacle.
  Very near to  H. serpylloides of La Marck.  This plant appears to
belong to the Hedyotis of Linnseus where Walter originally placed  it,
but I can scarcely discover any distinction between this genus and
Oldenlandia sufficiently strong to separate them.    La Marck hai
united them.
  Grows in damp soils, common*
  Flowers June—October.
SPERMACOCE.
 Corolla 1 -petala, in fundi-
buliiormis.    Semina  2,
bidentata.
   1. Tenuior.
   S. glabra, foliis lanceo-
tis ;  staminibus inclusis;
floribus verticillatis ;  se-
mi nibus hirtis.  Sp. pl.  l
p. 5f»8.
   Pursh, 1. p. 105.
   Corolla l  petalled, fun-
nel-shaped.
toothed.
Seed 2, two
  Glabrous; leaves lanceo-
late ; stamens  included;
flowers verticillate; seeds
hirsute. 
TETRANDRIA MONOGTNIAJ            189
  Swartz remarks, that this plant varies, with the stem glabrous and
pubescent, straight or bent, and with flowers in whorls or nearly soli-
tary,  fewartz Obs. 43.
  Stem erect.  Leaves scabrous on the upper surface.  Pursh.
  Grows in dry gravelly situations, from Virginia to Carolina.  Pur9h.
  Flowers June—August.
   2. Diodina.   Mich.
   S. hirsuta, culmo tere-
ti ; foliis lineari-lanceola-
tis ;  floribus  axillaribus,
scssilibus,  staminibus in-
clusis.   E.
   Hirsute ;  stem terete;
leaves linear-lanceolate ;
flowers axillary, sessile;
stamens shorter than the
corolla.
   Mich. 1. p. 82.  Pursh, 1: p. 105 f
   Diodia teres ?  Walt. p. 87.  Very near S villosa.

  Root aunual ? Stem procumbent, columnar, sometimes branching.
Leaves sessile, somewhat hairy, finely but sharply serrulate ; a short
sheath embracing the  base of the leaves, crowned with long setaceous
stipules.  Flowers opposite, sometimes solitary, frequently clustered.
Calyx 4 leaved. Corolla longer than the calyx, hairy, border 4 parted.
Filaments  4, shorter  than the  corolla.  Anthers oblong, incumbent.
Germ inferior.  Style asiong as the stamens.  Stigma globose.  Cap-
suks ? 2 conuate,  hispid, crowned with the calyx  Seed one in each
capsule, oblong, flattened on the inside, with the margins somewhat
innexed.
  Grows in dry, poor, sandy soils.   Common.
  Flowers July—September.
3. Involucrata.   Pursh.
   S.  hirsuta,   foliis ova-
to lanceolatis acuminatis;
stipulis   multisetis;  ca-
pitulis terminalibus, invo-
jucratis;  staminibus ex-
ertis.
                                 Hirsute ; leaves ovate-
                              lanceolate, * acuminate ;
                              stipules  manv  bristled ;
                              heads terminal, surround-
                              ed with  an involucrum;
                              stamens longer than the
                              corolla.
   Pursh, 1. p. 105.
  Stem about a foot high,  very hispid.   Leaves broad and somewhat
oblique.   Flouevs white, with a very  long tube.  Pursh.
  Collected in Carolina by Mr. Fraser.
  Flowers 
tm          TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA,
DIODIA.
   Corolla l-petala, infun-
dibuliformis.  Capsula  2-
locularis, S-sperma.
   Corolla 1 petalled, fun*
net-shaped.    Capsule 2
ceLled.   Seed  l in  each
cell.
   1. Virginica.
   D.glabra; caulibuspro-
 cumbentibus,  teretiuscu-
 lis; foliis lanceolatis ; co-
 rollis intus glabriusculis;
 fructibus  oblongis,  gla-
 bris.   Pursh, 1. p. 105.
   Sp. pl.  1. p. 580.
   Stem smooth, purple, slender.
 ers white.
   Grows in damp soils from Virginia to Carolina. Pursh.
 Mr. Herbemont.
•  Flowers through the summer.
   Glabrous;   stem  pro-
cumbent, nearly terete ;
leaves lanceolate ;  corol-
la glabrous within; fruit
oblong, glabrous.
Leaves narrow^ lanceolate.  Flow-

                    Columbia.
     Stem   procumbent,
somewhat angled, nearly
glabrous;  leaves cordate
ovate; stipules subulate.
   2.  Tetragona.   Walt.
   D. caule procumbente,
subangulato,  glabriuscu-
lo;  foliis cordato-ovatis,
stipulis subulatis.   E.
   Walt. p. 8?. ^
   D. Virginica, Mich. 1. p. 81.
  Root perennial.  Stem somewhat angled, prostrate, creeping, gla-
brous, succulent, hairy at the joints.  Leaves oval, sometimes ovate,
opposite, sessile, connected by stipules ; stipules  crowned  with sub-
ulate, ciliate, segments.  Flowers axillary generally solitary.   Calyx I
2  leaved, leaves subulate, persistent.  Corolla white, hairy  within* r
Fruit oval, somewhat angled, composed of two connate capsules flat
on the inner side, and containing one seed each.
  Grows in damp soils, very common.
  Flowers May—October.
  This genus is perhapsJ;oo closely allied to Spermacoce to be sepa-
rated from it. 
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.           191
   H. Hirsuta.   Pursh.
   D.  undique  hirsutissi- |    Every   part  hirsute;
ma; caule procumbente; j stem procumbent; leaves
foliis lanceolatis ; stipulis | lanceolate; stipules near-
subsetaceis.   E.          | ly setaceous.
   Pursh, 1. p. 106.
   D. hjspida, Muhl. Cat.
  Very similar to the preceding species, perhaps only a variety.   It
differs however in  a stem g nerally more slender, leaves narrower,
exactly lanceolate, segments of the stipules more setaceous, and the
whole plant remarkably hispid.
  Grows in a damp soil two miles from  Beaufort on the road to ike
ferry. Near Savannah.   Pursh.
  Flowers September—October and perhaps earlier.

                     HOUSTONIA.
   Calyx 4-dentatus.  Co-
rolla  l-petala, infundibu-
liformis.   Capsula  2-lo-
cularis, semi-superus.

   1.  Patens.  E.
   H. parvula, caule dich-
otomo,   patente;   flori-
bus  solitariis,  terminali-
bus.   E.
   Calyx 4 toothed.   Co-
rolla  l  petalled,  funnel-
shaped.   Capsule 2  cell-
ed, girt around the centre
by t|je calyx.

   Plant very small; stem
expanding, dichotomous;
flowers  solitary,  termi-
nal.
   H. Linnxi  var. h. Mich. 1. p. 85.
   H. ccerulea var. minor, Pursh, 1. p. 106.

  Root annual.  Stem 1—2  inches high, erect, square, smooth, with
angles scabrous, much divided, branches expanding equally, and form-
ing a beautitully dichotomous stem.  Leaves opposite, sessile, spathu-
late-lanceolate, hnely ciliate, connected by stipules.  Flowers some-
times  axillary  ; peduncles square,  armed  in  the middle with two
scales, nodding before the  flower expands.  Calyx rather inferior,
segments linear, erect, persistent.  Corolla longer  thah  the  calyx,
purple, sometimes white, border expanding, 4 cleft.  Filaments A,
very short, inserted into the tube of the corolla. Anthers oblong, 2
celled, yellow.   Germ ob-cordate.  Style much shorter than the tube
ot the corolla.  Stigmas 2, thickened, acute.  Capsak compressed,
turrowed, opening transversely.
  Grows generally in the driest  soils, but sometimes found in damn
places.                                                   *
  Flowers February—March. 
199           TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA,
   2. CtERULEA.
r H. erecta;  caule gra-
cili,  subramoso; pedun-
culis solitariis. axillaribus,
elongatis, unifloris.   E.
   Erect;   stem  slender,
somewhat     branched  ;
peduncles  solitary,  axil-
lary,  very  long,  single
flowered.
   Sp. pl 1. p. 583.  Pursh, 1 p. 106.
   H.  Linnsei,  Mich. 1. p. 84.
   Anonymos erect. Walt. p. 86.
  Root perennial.  Stem  4—6 inches high,  erect,  slender, square;
branches few, long,slender, appressed.  Root leaves spathulate ; stem
leaves lanceolate.  Flowers large for the size of the plant.
  Grows  along the margins  of swamps and rivulets.  Common in
the middle country of Carolina.
  Flowers May—August.

  It  is not easy to  point out a mark of specific difference between
this and the preceding species, yet many  circumstances  produce a
conviction that they are really distinct.  The H. patens grows plen-
tifully in the driest pastures along the sea-coast, rarely exceeding two
inches  in height, with its  stem always dichotomous and expanding,
flowering in February and March.  It is seldom seen after the first of
April.  When ponds occur in dry pastures it is sometimes found on
their margins, but without any change of habit or appearance.  The
H. ccerulea grows in bogs^nd swamps in the middle country, is al-
ways slender and erect; it does not flower until May or June, and con-
tinues in  bloom throughout the summer.   Its corolla is at least three
times as large as that of the H. patens, and the segments of its calyx
and stem leaves proportionally more slender.
   3. Longifolia.   Willd.
   H. foliis angusto-lance-
olatis,  utrinque  attenua-
tis; floribus corymbosis.

   Sp.pl. l.p. 583.
   H. angustifolia, Mich. I. p. 84.
  Root perennial.  Stem 8—14 inches high, square, glabrous, branch-
ed ; branches near the extremity  much divided, forming small co-
rymbs.   Leaves sessile, nearly an inch long, rather narrow.  Flowers
nearly sessile, frequently  by threes.  Segments of the  calyx linear.
Corolla 2 or 3 times longer than the calyx.
  Grows in the middle and upper country in rich and shaded lands.
  * lowers June—August.
   Leaves narrow-lanceo-
late, tapering at each ex-
tremity ;  flowers in  co-
rymbs.

Pursh, 1. p. 106. 
TETRANDRIA M0N0GYN1 A.            19$
   Leaves  ovate lanceo-
late, obtuse at base; flow-
ers in corymbs.
   4. Purpurea.

   H.  foliis ovato-lanceo-
latis, basi obtusis; floribus
terminalibus, corymbosis.
  Sp. p . 1. p. 585.  Pursh, 1. p. 167.
  H. varians, Mich. I. p. 86.
  Hedyotis umbellata?  Walt. p. 85.
   Root perennial.  Stem erect, bra* ching, glabrous, with* angles cl*
liate, hairy at the joints. Leaves sessile, ovate, broad, and in gene-
ral abruptly rounded at  base, 3-nerved, nerves and margins pubes-
cent.  Flowers in terminal corymbs.  Calyx slightly pubescent; seg-
ments subulate, ciliate.  Corolla purple.
  Grows in the upper and middle country of Carolina and Georgia
in similar situations with the last.
  Flowers June—August.
6  Serpvllifolia.   Mich.
  Procumbent, cespitose;
leaves spathulate, obtuse;
peduncles terminal,  soli-
tary, single flowered.
    H. procumbens, cses-
pitosa;  foliis spathulatis,
obtusis; pedunculis  ter-
minalibus, solitariis, uni-
floris.
    Mich. 1. p. 85.
  Root perennial.  Stems many from the same root, filiform, some-
times creeping.  Leaves spathulate, nearly petiolate.  Peduncles verv
Jong.  Michaux.
    Flowers May.
6. Rotundifolia.   Midi.
   H. repens; foliis rotun-
dato-ovatis, abrupte peti-
olatis;  pedunculis axilla-
ribus, solitariis, unifloris.
  Creeping;  leaves ovate,
nearly  round,   abruptly
narrowed at base; pedun-
cles axillary, single flow-
ered.   '
                            1
    Mich. 1. p. 85.  Pursh 1. p. 106.
    Anon, procuinbens, Walt. p. 86.
  Root perennial.  Stem prostrate, taking root at the joints, glabrous.
Leaves somewhat glabrous, thinly ciliate.   Peduncles 3—8 lines long,
erect while in flower,afterwards nodding.  Corolla hypocrateriform,
white: tube  three or  four times as long as the calyx,  hairy within-
                              Z 
194
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNlAi
border 4 cleft, (sometimes 3  or 5); segments lanceolate.  Anthers'
white.  Germ superior, ovate. Style longer than the tube ot the co-
rolla,  2 cleft.  Stigmas simple, acute, reflexed.    Capsule emar-
ginate.              ,      ...
    Grows in dry soils in the vicinity ot the ocean.
  Flowers all the year whenever the weather is mild.
GALIUM.
   Corolla  l-petala,   pla-
na.    Semina 2,  subro-
tunda.
   * Fructu glabro.
   1  Trifiuum.
   G. caule  procumbente,
scabro ;  foliis subquater-
nis, ovalibus, basi cune-
atis;  corollis  plerumque
trifidis.
   Sp.pl. l.p. 585.  Walt. p. 86.
   G. Claytoni? Mich. l.p. 78.
  Root perennial ? Stem procumbent and assurgent, much branched,
square, with the angles retroraely aculeate.   Leaves 3—6 in a whorl,
oval, obtuse, the upper ones linear, with the margin and midrib re-
trorsely aculeate.  Flowers axillary,  1—3  to each whorl.  Corolla
white, tube very short; border very frequently 3 parted;  segments
somewhat acute.   Filaments 4, (when the corolla is 3 cleft, only 3,)
half the length of the corolla. Anthers erect, 2 celled, greenish yel-
low. Germ inferior, twin.  Style short, 2 cleft, surrounded at base
with a^ cleft gland.  Stigmas capitate.  Fruit purple.
  Leaves generally 6 in a whorl on the old stalks but 3, 4, 5 on the
younger branches.
  Grows in damp and wet soils.
  Flowers  April—July.
   Corolla  1 petalled, flat.
Seeds 2, nearly round.

   * Fruit smooth.

   Stem procumbent, sea-
brous;  leaves generally
by  fours,   oval,   wedge-
shaped  at base;  corolla
generally 3 cleft.
Pursh, 1. p. 103.
   2.  Latifolium.  Mich.
   G. caule erecto, lsevi;
foliis quaternis, ovalibus,
acutis,     membranaceis,
margine hispidulis;  ped-
unculis  divaricatis,
multifloris.  Mich.
79.
   Pursh, 1. p. 102.
 laxe
1. p.
   Stem  erect,  smooth;
leaves   by  fours,  oval,
acute,  membranous,  the
margins  somewbat  his-
pid ; peduncles divaricate,
loosely many flowered. 
TETRANDRIA M0N0GYN1A.            199
  Leaves narrowed at base, flat,  3  nerved, 1—2 inches long, whorls
distant.   Flowers purple.  Peduncles  opposite.  Fruit large, one
seed  frequently abortive.  Mich.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers June—July.


   3. Uniflorum.   Mich.
   G.   caule   assurgente,
lsevi;  foliis subquaternis,
linearibus, acutis, revolu-
tis;  pedunculis  plerum-
que  solitariis,   unifloris.
E.
    Mich. 1. p. 79.   Pursh 1. p. 102.

  Root creeping, perennial.  Stem about a foot high, square, smooth,
sparingly branched.   Leaves generally by fours, linear,  lanceolate,
somewhat scabrous, slightly ciliate.  Peduncles  sometimes  opposite,
and sometimes, (though rarelv) 2 flowered, half as lon«i as the leaves,
and generally furnished near the  middle with a whorl of small leaflets.
Corolla  nearly white.  Fruit dark  purple.
   Grows in rich, shaded, high grounds, 5 miles from Charleston.
   Flowers May—July.


   **  Fructu scabro.      |     ** Fruit  scabrous.

   4.  Hispiduluvi.   Mich.
   G. caule procumbente,      Stem procumbent, pu-
pubescente, ramosissimo;   bescent, much branched;
foliis quaternis,  lanceola-   leaves by fours,  lanceo*
tis, punctatis, scabris.        late, dotted, scabrous.
   Mich. 1. p. 79.
   G. hispidum,  Pursh, I. p. 104.

  Root  creeping, somewhat jointed,  perennial,  saffron  coloured*
Stem square, rough, pubescent, or rather sprinkled  with short  rigid
hairs.  Leaves somewhat hispid, with similar hair.   Flowers axillary
and terminal ; peduncles longer than the leaves, sometimes one flow-
ered, frequently compound.  Corolla white, hairy;  segments acumi-
nate.  Anthers yellow.  Fruit  purple, roughened  with short  rigid
hairs.
   Grows in dry, sandy soils, very abundantly, particularly near the
ocean.
   Flowers May—October.
  I have found in shaded places near Charleston a  variety  with the
stem smooth, except the young branches, whish were retrorsely ciliate;
 Stem assurgent, smooth;
leaves generally by fours,
linear,  acute,   revolute ;
peduncles generally soli-
tary, l flowered. 
196          TBTRANDRfA  M0N0GYNIA.
the leaves a little hairy along the revolute margins; the fruit verjp
smooth to the naked eye, but shewing a few hairs under a lens; but in
habit, and all other characters resembling this species too much to be
separated.   This is probably the G. Bermudense, Walt.
   *** Fructu hispido.
   5. Bermudianum.
  G. foliis quaternis, ova-
tis, obtusis; ramis  ramo-
sissimis ;   floribus sub-
paniculatis.
|     #** Fruit hispid.

     Leaves by fours, ovate^
  obtuse;   branches  very
  much  divided;   flowers-
  clustered, somewhat pan-
  iculate.
Young leaves nearly
 Peduncles towards-
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 596.  Pursh, 1. p. 104.

  Root perennial.  Stem erect, square, smooth.
linear ; old  ones ovate, 3 nerved, rather obtuse.
the extremities of the branches opposite, and so much compounded as
to give the flowers the appearance of a crowded panicle.  Segments of
the corolla lanceolate.  Fruit hispid, with hooked hairs.
  If this be  the real G. Bermudense of Linnaeus, the leaves should be
described as ovate and 3 nerved, instead of linear.
  I have inserted this plant on the authority of Dr. Muhlenberg.  My
specimens are  from Pennsylvania.
    Stem erect or procum-
 bent ;  leaves  by  fours,
 oval,  hairy;   peduncles
 dichotomous ;     corolla
 purple.
104.
   6  Pilosum.
   G. caule erecto vel pro-
cumbente ; foliis quater-
nis, ovalibus, pilosis; ped-
unculis dichotomis;   co-
rollis purpureis.   E.
   Sp. pl. l.p. 599.  Pursh, 1. p.
   G. puncticulosum, Mich. 1. p.
   G. purpureum, Walt. p. 87.
  Root perennial.   Stem square, scabrous ;  angles hairy ; branches
axillary, alternate, expanding.   Leaves sometimes mucronate, very
entire, ciliate, sprinkled with short hairs, the upper surface roughen-
ed by small vessels.  Flowers axillary,«pposite and terminal, solitarv
and by threes, generally dichotomous.   Segments of the corolla acute.
Anthers yellow.  Stigmas capitate. Fruit hispid with white, hooked
(namose), hairs.                                       7
  Grows in shady places, generally in dry soils.
  xl©wer& May—September. 
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
197
  Stems procumbent, gla-
brous ;  leaves  oval lan-
ceolate,  mucronate, gla-
brous ; flowering branch-
es long, 3 flowered at the-
summit;  fruit small, his-
pid.
   y.  Triflorum.   Mich.
   G.  caulibus  procum-
bentibus,   glabriusculis;
foliis   ovali " lanceolatis,
mucronatis,  glabris;  ra-
mulis floriferis  elongatis,
apice trifloris; fructibus
parvis,  hispidis.   Mich.
1. p. 80.
   Pursh, 1. p. 104.
  Stem slightly hispid just beneath each whorl.  Leaves 4—6, smooth,
under a lens shewing some hairs along the margins.  Flowers whitef
very small, on short peduncles.
  Grows in shaded, rocky places, from Pennsylvania to Carolina*-
Pursh.
  Flowers July.

  I have not seen this species in the Southern States.  Michaux speakf
of it as a Canadian plant.  For my specimens I am  indebted to Dr.
Bigelow, of Boston.
                            .  Cat.
                                Stem  prostrate,  gla-
                             brous ;  leaves  by sixes,
                             lanceolate,    acuminate,
                             slightly ciliate; peduncles
                             trifid ;  segments  of the
                             corolla acuminate.
  Root creeping ? perennial.   Stem weak, generally prostrate, rather
smooth, the angles sparingly aculeate.   Leaves much attenuated at
base, and very acutely pointed at the summit, sprinkled with hairs ;
the peduncles generally trichotomous at point, afterwards dichoto-
mous.  Corolla nearly white.  Fruit villous, thickly clothed with
white hooked hairs.
  Grows in damp, shaded soils*
  Flowers June—August.
   8.  Cu^pidatum.  Muhl
   G. caule prostrato, gla-
bro ; foliis subscnis, lan-
ce olatis,acuminatis, pauce
ciliatis ;  pedunculis  trifi-
dis ; corollse laciniis acu-
minatis.   E.
   9. Circjezans.   Mich.
   G. caule erecto, glabro;
foliis  quaternis,  ovatis;
pedunculis brevibus,  di-
   Stem  erect, glabrous;
leaves  by fours,  ovate;
peduncles short,  divari- 
19S          TETRANDRIA MONOGYNLA,
varicatis ;  floribus alter-   cate;  flowers alternate;
nis ;  fructu nutante.   E.   fruit nodding.
  Root perennial.   Stem erect, sparingly branched, very slightly
scabrous.  Leaves by fours, ovate, obtuse, 3 nerved, ciliate ; branches
expanding   Flowers  generally solitary.   Peduncles  very short.
Fruit when nearly mature nodding, hispid, with hooked hairs.
  Grows in shaded and moderately rich soils, five miles from Savan>
nah, on the Augusta road ; also on Charleston neck.
  Flowers June—August.
RUBIA.
   Corolla   campanulata.
Bacca? 2, monospermy.

   Browni i   Mich.
   R. hispida ;  foliis  qua-
ternis,  ovalilms;  pedun-
culis solitariis,  unidoris ;
caule  decumbente.
   Mich. l.p. 81.   Pursh, 1. p. 102.
   R. peregrina, Walt. p. 86.
  Flowers yell w.   Berries purple, smooth.  Pursh.
  This is still to me, as to Pursh, an obscure plant. The botanists
who have attempted to point it out to me, have all shewn me different
tpecies of Galium, generally the G. trifidum. or pilosum.
  Grows in shady woods, Carolina to Florida.  Pursh.
   Corolla   campanulate.
Berries 2,  single seeded.

   Hispid; leaves by fours,
oval ; peduncles solitary,
single flowered; stem de-
cumbent.
MITCHELLA..
   Corollas i petalled, su-
perior, in pairs upon the
same  germ.    Stigma 4
cleft.    Berry   twin,  4
seeded.
  Corolla 1 petalse. supe-
rs, binse  eidem germini.
Stigma 4-fidum.   Bacca
didyma, 4 sperma.


   1.  Repens.

   Sp. pl. l.p.617.  Walt.p.85.  Mich. 1. p. 86.  Pursh, 1. p. iui,
  A small tender prostrate evergreen. Hem creeping among the dried
leaves of trees, in rich moist soils, taking root at the joints, branching}
101, 
               TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.           198

glabrous.   Leaves ovate, sometimes nearly cordate, entire, glabrous,
dark green variegated with milky veins:' Pedunc es axillary, solitary,
very short, bearing a double germ.  Coro la white, very hairy on the
inside, very fragrant.  Berries red, eatable but insipid.
  Grows in rich moist soils, under the  shade of trees.
  Flowers November—April.                  Partridge Berry.
  An infusion of the steins and leaves is a popular remedy in dysury.
The diuretic effect is by no means great.
CALL1CARPA.
   Calyx 4-fidus.  Corolla 1
4-tida.  Bacca 4-sperma. j
   l. AMERICANA.
   C. foliis serratis, subtus
tomentosis.   Sp.  pl. 1. p.
619.
   Corolla tubulosa, fauce
clausa filamentorum  bar-
ba.    Bacca   2-locularis,
polysperma.
   Calyx 4 cleft.  Corolla
4 cleft.  Berry ± seeded.

   Leaves serrate, tomen-
tose underneath.
  A shrub 3—4 feet high, bearing many stems of  equal height; the
old wood glabrous, the young branches tomentose, the hair which
clothe them and every part of the plant is collected in star like fasci-
cles.   Leaves opposite,  lanceolate,  obtusely dentate,  rugose, on
the upper surface somewhat scabrous  and hairy, on  the under to-
mentose.  Petioles about an inch long, sprinkled as well as the stem
with resinous atoms.  Flowers in short axillary clusters (cymes). Ped-
uncles very short, dichotomous.   Calyx small, persistent, tomentose,
4 toothed, teeth small, erect.  Cot*olla 1  petalled, twice as long as the
calyx, purple ; segments obtuse.   Filaments longer than the corolla,
inserted into its base.   Anthers 2 celled, yellow. Germ superior, glo-
bose.  Style longer than the stamens, thickened above.   Stigma
capitate, nearly 2 lobed.   Fruit a juicy, purple, round berry, 4 celled,
sprinkled when  young with glandular atoms.  The  fruit  eatable,
sweet at first, but pungent and astringent afterwards.
  Grows in light soils, very common.
  Flowers May—July.                       French Mulberry.
LYCIUM.
   Corolla   tubular,   the
throat  closed  with  the
beard  of the filaments.
Berry  2 celled,  many
seeded. 
#0G           TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
1. Carolinianuim.   Walt.
   L.inerme; foliis  fasci-
cularis, anguste  cuneatis,
carnosis; floribus quadri-
tfidis, tetrandris.   E.
   Unarmed; leaves clus*
tcred,   narrowly  wedge-
shaped,  fleshy ;   flowers
4 cleft, tetrandrous.
   Wart. p. 84.  Mich. 1. p. 95.  Pursh, 1. p. 97.
  A shrub 3—5 feet high, with long, slender simple branches.  Leaves
sessile, in small clusters, glabrous, nearly linear, but manifestly wedge-
shaped.  Fl.wers solitary, axillary.  Peduncles about half a9 long ag
the leaves.  Calyx short,  somewhat campanulate, 4 toothed.  CoroUa
tubular, rather deeply 4 cleft, of a silver colour.   Stamens as long as
the corolla.   Berry red.
  I have never seen this plant in its native state, where  it is said to
be of very humble growth.
  Found by Mr. Wm. Bartram, in the saline rushy marshes of Caro-
lina.
  Flowers nearly through the whole  summer.
                                           Johnny Bartram.
POLYPREMUM.
   Calyx 4-phyllus.   Co-
rolla 4-fida, rotata,  fauce
barbata.   Stamina inclLi-
sa.   Capsula compressa,
bilocularis.
   Calyx 4  leaved.   Co-
rolla 4  cleft, rotate,  with
the throat bearded.   Sta-
mens  included.   Capsule
compressed, 2 celled.
   1. Procumbens.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 623.   Walt. p. 85.  Mich. 1. p. 82.  Pursh, l.p. 99.

  Root perennial ? somewhat fusiform, cespitose.   Stem herbaceous,
erect  or procumbent,  6—12 inches high, nearly  columnar, furrow-
ed, the  margins  of  the furrows  sharply serrulate ;  towards  the
summit dichotomous.  ^Leaves opposite, linear,  Sessile, finely ser-
rulate, slightly decurrent, and connected at base by a membrane
resembling a stipule.   Flowers sessile, terminal   and  in  the divi-
sion  of the branches.   Bracteoe? 2 or 4 surrounding the base of  the
cayx, exactly similar to the leaves.  Calyx one ? leaved, persistent,
4 parted, segments subulate, acute, serrulate*.  Corolla tubular, white,
as long as the catyx, the throat closed with hair; border 4 parted ;
segments oval.  Filaments 4, inserted into the tube of the corolla, very
short. Anthers 2 celled yellow.  Germ surrounded at base by the
calyx, above free.  Style  slender, as long as the corolla.   Capsule
ovate, compressed, 2 furro#ed, nearly acute, pointed bv the persistent
style. Seeds angular, attached to a central receptacle.
  vrrows in pastures, very common.
  Flowers May—September. 
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA..          $01
PLAOTAGO*
   Calyx 4 cleft.   Cortt*
la 4 cleft, with the border
reflected.   Stamens very
long.    Capsule s celled,
circumscissed.

  Leaves ovate, glabrous;
scape  columnar 5  spike
with  the flowers imbri-
cate*
   Calyx 4-fidus.   Corol,,
la  4-fida, l|mbo  reie^o.
#famir*a longissima. Cap-
sula 2 Idfcularis, circum-
scissa.         *

   I.^Major.
   P. foliis qyptis, glabris;
scapo y^eretf;   spica^ flos-
culteAJmbricatis.   Sp. pl.
i. p. 641.
   Pursh, 1. p. 98.
  Root perennial.  Stem 0.  Leaves all radical, coarsely and remote*
ly toothed, F nerved, with 2 obscure ones near the *iargin, slightly
pubescent, abrubtiy narrowed at base into a concave, nervose, pubes-
cent petiole  4—^finches long. Scape about a foot long, columnar, pu-
bescent, axillary or interfoliaceous. Bractea a leaf, ovate, obtuse,
glabrous, half as* longfas the calyx, at the base of each flower. .Calyx
pereii$ent; segments lanceolate, obtuse, glabrous.  Corolla, persistent*
tube as long as the calyx, a little ventricose; segments acute, expanding.
Filaments twice as long as the  corolla, into iwhich they, are inserted
near the summit of the tube.  Anthers incumbent, sagittate.  Germ
superior, oval.  $&tyle a little shorter tlian the stamens.  Stigma sim-
ple.  Capsule 2 celled," tlie upper half dropping off when the seeds arej
mature.                     •*
  Grows in moist^oi^s, preferring rich ones.  Originally from Eu-
rope, now perfectly^natujcalized.  Found by Dr. Macbride in the deep'
uncleared swamps along the <€>antee river. -*     **"■'
  Flowers through the summer*            *
   2. VIRGINICA.
   P. foliis lanceolatis,  o-
vatis, pubescentibus, sub-
denticulatis ;  spicis flori-
bus remotis; scapo tereti.
Sp. pl. l. p. 643.
   Mich. 1. p. 94. Pursh, l.p. 98;
   P. Caroliniana ? Walt. p. 84.
                          AS
   Leaves  lanceolate,  o-
vate, pubescent, sparingly
tooled; spike with flow-
ers  remote;  scape  co-
lumnar.^, 
202           TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
   Root annual ? Leaves spathulate lanceolate, 5 nerved, 2 of them
 obscure, marginal.. Spikes 1-4 inches long, flowers at first crowded,
 afterwards by the elongation of the scape, distant.  Bractea lancet
 late, tona-er than the calyx.  Sfeapfcjiairy, almost hispid.  Corollat grey.
"This species varies much in size, and tlie pubescence is generally hoary,
   I suspect tbis plant to  be  the P. Caroliniana of Walter; and ha
 Virginica, the interrupta of La Marck.  Both species grow abundant-'
 ly in the neighborhood of water, and Jhis when young has its flowers
 verv much crowded.
   Grows in pastures and .fields.  Very common.
   Flowers March—April.
    .Leaves ^  lanceolate;
spike ^somewhat  ovate,
naked;  scape  ang^d.
   3. LanceOlata.
 .  P.  foliis   lanceolatis.;
spica   subovata, ^ nud$ ;
scapo angulato.    Sp.  pl.
1. p. 643.
   Pursh, 1. p. 98.              pt
  Root perennia^  Leave&'§—12 'inches  long, 1—1§ wiSc, tapering
towards  each  extremity, 5 nerved, sparingly toothed, a little hairy,
particularly along the  nerves on the under surface. ^Scape 1—2 feet
high, a little hairy £ flowers in a very compact spike.  Bractea ovate,
abruptly acuminate, as long as.,the calyx.
  Grows generally in  light -soils.   Originally from Europe, now natu-
ralized.
  By the inhabitants of the Milanese this is considered as one of the
most valuable plants  which enrich their meadows, and give such high
reputation to the products of their dairies.                  >
  Pursh seems  to suppose thaMhis plant from its acuminate bracteas
will be found distinct  from  the  P.  -lanceolata  of Europe.   In the
Southern States, however, ithas'evefy mark of an erotic plant, and is
found only around settlements.                * .-        %»
  Grows in all soil's which are not  inundated.  ,»Appears to ^flourish
even in our driest sands.~ Around Charleston and Savannah now
common.          »■  <-»
k  Flowers May—Jufy, and occasionally through the summer.   "

   4.  Interrupta.    La Marck.
   P. foliis lanceolatis, in-
tegerrimis, villosiusculis;
spica  longa,  gracifi, in-
terrupta ;   floribus   gla-
bris.
   La Marck. Encyc. 5. p. 375.  Pjujcsh, 1. p. 99,
   P. sparsiflora, Mich. 1.  p. ,94.
   P. Virginica ? W alt. p. 85.
   P. Caroliniana ? Pursh, 1. p. 98.
   Leaves  lanceolate, en-
tire,  hairy ;   spike  long,
slender ;   flowers   scat-
tered, glabrous.*. 
TBTRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.            S03
  Perennial.  Leaves generally long, narrow, lanceolate, 3—5 nerv-
ed, resembling much those of the P. lanceolata.  Scape long, pubes-
cent near  the  base.  Flowers scattered,  sometimes solitary, some-
times, particularly near th%summit, in sjuall clusters, glabrous.
  This species is generally pubescent, but in open pastures it is some-
times nearly glabrous ;  the leaveSi,may occasionally be'found ovate-*
lanceolate,  as.  described by La Marck, but this is not their genetal
character.                                              £
  Grows in the moist pine barrens  of St.  Stephens, South Carolina^
very abundantly.  St. Mary's, Georgia.  Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers ail summer.
CENTUNCULtJS.
   Calyx 4-fidus.   Carol
la 4-fida, patens.   Stami
na  brevia.  •  Capsula  1-
   Calyx 4 cleft.   Corol-
la 4 clef t,ex\)Mtd\ng.  Sta-
mens short.   Capsule  t
locularis, circumscissa.    ] celled,  circumscissed.
   1. Lanceolatus.   Mich.
  Leaves lanceolate, oval
and obovate, acute; flow-
ers axillary, sessile; stem
prostrate.
   C. foliis«lato-lanceola-
tis,  ovalibus oboyatisque,
acutis;  floribus  axillari-
bus,  sessiUbus;    caule*
prostrato.   E..
   Mich. l.p.                                   **
  Root annual, fibrous.  Stem branched, prostrate, creeping; the ex-
tremities  assurgent, 2—3  inches long, glabrous.  Leaves alternate,
very ac^te, glabrous, narrowed at the base, slightly decurrent.  Flow-
ers sotHary.  Calyx 14eaved, persistent; segments lanceolate, twice
as long asjhe tube.  Cor Ala 1 petalled, a little longer than the calyx,
persistent, the  tube closely attached  to the germ; segments  acute,
longer than the tube.  Filaments 4, transparent, inserted into the
corolla between the segments. Atrthers erect, 2.lobed, yellow.  Germ
superior, globose.  Style as long as the stamens.   Stjgma simple, ob-
tuse.  Capsule globose, 1 celled.   Seeds many, somewhat top-shaped,
roughened like  shagreen, placed near the circumference, attached to
a central receptacle.                                 vt^r
  As the  editor of Michaux, with specimens before him,* considered
this^plant as distinct from C. minimus, I have not united  them ; but I %
can perceive no difference between our plant and the  figure of the C.
minimus  nufhe Encyclopedie Meth. excepting that the leaves in La
Marck s figure are all acuminate, and in ours tney are simplv acute.
  Grows abundantly in the pastures at Vall'Ombrosa, Great Ogechae.
  Flowers February—Martilk 
804           TETRANDRIA MONOGYNtA,


              CENTAURELLA.  Mich.
                      ■•f
   Calyx 4 leaved.   Co.
rolla nearly campanulate,
4 cleft.   Capsule l  celled,
3  valved, clothed  with
the persistent  calyx  and
corolla.

 Stem simple, few flower*
ed(l— 3) ; corolla thrice
as  long  as  the  calyx ;
style as long as the germ.
    Calyx 4-phyflus ?  Co-
' rolla subcampanulata,  4-
 fida. fCapsula l-locularis,
 2-valvis,  calyce  corolla-
 que persistenteinvolucra-

 ta.
    1.  Verna.   Mich.
   C. caule simplici,pauci-
 floro,  (l—3) ;   corollis
 calyce triplo longioribus;
 stylo germen sequante., E.

    Mich. 1. p. 98.              ■    -

   Root annual ? composed of very slender fibres.  Stem 4—8 inchei
 bigh, somewhat square, tender, glabrous, furnished near the summit
 with a few opposite branches.  Heaves very few, resembling scales,
 scarcely 1 line in length, nearly but not exactly opposite.  Flowers
 terminal; peduncles.i—?2 inches long, resembling the stem. Calyx
 persistent, deeply 4 cleft, glabrous ; segments lanceolate, expanding:
 Corolla  1 petalled, white; segments  oblong lanceolate, persistent.
 Filaments 4, (sometimes more) half as long as the corolla, inserted into
 its tube, and expanding through  the fissures.  Anthers incumbent, 2
 celled, yellow.  Germ superior, oblong, oval.  Style persistent. Stigma
 thickened, obtuse, 2 cleft, decurrent.  Capsule oblong, 1 celled, 2 valv-
 ed.  Seeds very numerous.
   Grows in boggy and damp soils, in the vicinity of the ocean^  Very
 common in Chatham county, Georgia.  The  young or feeble plantar
 frequently produce only a terminal flower.
   Flowers February—April.

   2. Paniculata.  Mich?* •■

   G. flbribu3*paniculatis;  I    Flowers in  panicles ;
 corollis calycem jequanti-  | corolla as  long as  the
 bus; stylo brevissimo.  E.  | calyx; style very  short.

    Mich. il'p. 98.
    C. autumnalis, Pursh, 1„ p. 100.
    Sagina Virginica, Sp. pl. l. p. n9.                4

   Root  annual.  Sternal foot  high,  square ;  branches bra'chiate.
 ifl?ws minute, subulate, alternate near the root, nearly opposite  toW 
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
S0£
wards the summit. Flowers in a bracftiate panicle.  Calyx 4 leaved, the
two outer  decurrent.  CoroUa 4 cleft;  segments acute, not longer
than the calyx.  Style very short.  Stigma obtuse.
  In the preceding specfes the calyx appears.deeply 4 parked, in this
distinctly  4 leaved.          jL                              *
  Grows in diteties and damp ground,  To me not.so common as the
former species.        *                              *
  Flowers July—August,
FRASERA.
   Calyx 4 parted.    Co*
rolla 4 parted,  bearing a
nectary.    Capsule 1  cell-
ed, 2 valved.    Seed com-
pressed,  margined.
   Calyx 4-partitus.    Co-
roUa   4-partita,   nectari-
fera.    Capsula 1-locula-
ris,    2-valvis.     Semina
compressa, marginata.

   1.  Walteri.   Mich.
   Mich. 1. p. 97.
   F. Caroliniensis, Walt. p.  88j

  Root large, perennial. Stem herbaceous, erect, 6—8 feet high, nearly
square, furrowed, branching.  Leaves glabrous, generally verticillate,
sometimes  opposite;   the  lower leaves  oblong lanceolate, entire,
membranous, delicately veined, 6—8 inches long, 2—3  wide 5 upper
leaves   narrow   lanceolate, small.   Flowers  verticillate,  pedun-
cles  1—3 inches long, 1 flowered. ^Segments of the calyx lanceolate,
shorter than the coiolla.  Segments of the corolla lanceolate, near the
centre of each a circular gland beautifully fringed. Filaments 4, shorter
than  the corolla, attached to the  base, and alternating with the seg-
ments  of the corolla.   Anthers oblong, incumbent.   Germ superior,
ovate, tapering kbove. * Style only the attenuated germ,  bifid.  Stig-
mas 2,  diverging.  Capsule compressed.  Seeds few, 8—12, elliptical,
coiupresse*, winged, so attached to the attenuate margins of the cap-
sule as  to lie over each other in an imbricate position^1*
  Found in  Fairfield district, by Mr. HerbemonC'It grows also in
Abbeville.                                   -•
  Flowers.                   Marietta Columbo.—Wild Columbo.
  The root is considered a good bitter tonic, and has been extensive-
ly used as a substitute for the Columba root,  indeed they are  be-
lieved by many to be the same.  They, however, not  only  belong to
different plants, but according to an analysis made by Dr. Drake of Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, their constituent parts are essentially different.  The
root  of tlie Fiasera " is bitter without aroma, and in its recent state is
" said  to possess  considerable  emetic anddjparthartic powers. As a
" medicine it is perhaps equal to any of ourftative tonics."   Drake's
Cincinnati, p. 86. 
206           TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
SA1S£UIS0RBA.
 s Calyx 2-phyllus, infe-
rus.     Corolla    supera.
Germen  inter   calycem
corollamque.
   1. Canadensis.
   S.   spicis   cylindricis,
longissimis ;  staminibus
corolla multoties longio-
ribus.   Willd. Enum. pl.
   Sp.pl. l.p. 654.   Mich. 1. p.
     Calyx  2  leaved, infe-
  rior.    Corolla  superior.
  The  germ between the
  calyx and corolla.

    Spikes cylindric,   very
  long  ;   stamens   many
  times   longer  than  the
  corolla.
100.  Pursh, l.p. 116.
  Root perennial.  Stem 3—5 feet high, glabrous, columnar, branch-
ing.  Leaves alternate, pinnate, terminating with  an odd one ; the
upper leaflets opposite, the lower approximate ; leaflets cordate, ovate,
elongate, obtuse, very acutely serrate, strohgly veined, and glaucous
underneath, glabrous.  Small stipulaceous leaves are scattered along
the petiole.  Flowers in a long (12-—18 inches) crowded spike.  Ca-
lyx 2 leaved, caducous ?  CoroUa on the summit o the germen, rotate,
4<parted, white, becoming greenish, persistent; segments ovate, ob-
tuse, ending in a callous point.  Filaments much longer than the corol-
la, clavate,flattened above.  Anthers small, pale yellow, seated on the
end of the filaments. Style shorter than the filaments. Stigma capitate,
very obscurely, if at aU divided.  Germ 4 angled, single seeded. Seed
ovate. Capsule 4 angled, adhering  to the  seed, and not opening in a
regular manner.
  Dr. Macbride collected specimens of this plant in our mountains, in
flat moist places.  It  was formerly seen in the Cherokee territory by
William Bartram.
  Flowers from August to October.
   2. Media.
   S.  spicis  cylindricis;
staminibus  corolla longi-
oribus.   Willd. Enum. pl.
   Spikes cylindrical; star
mens  longer  than  the
corolla.
Sp. pl. 1. p. 654.  Pursh, 1. p. 116.
  The spikes are shorter than those of the preceding species, and
tinged with red.  Pursh.                         °  r
  Grows in meadows on the mountains, from Canada to Carolina:  P.
  Howers July—August.                 *■ 
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
207
CORNUg.
   Calyx superus, 4-cIen-
tatus.   Petala supera, 4.
Drupa nuce 2-loculari.

   * Floribus capitatis, in-
volucratis.
 'Calyx superior, 4 tooth*
ed.   Petals  4, superior.
Drupe containing a'2 cell-
ed nut.
   *  Flowers  in  heads,
surrounded  by an  invo-
lucrum.
   Herbaceous; the upper
leaves verticillate,veined;
involucrum  ovate, acu-
minate ;  drupes globose.
   1.  Canadensis.
   C.  herbacea  ;   foliis
summis  verticillatis,  ve-
nosis ;   involucris  ovatis,
acuminatis;  drupis .glo-
bosis.   Sp. pl. 1. p. 661.
   Mich.  l.p.    Pursh, l.p. lofc
  This singufar little shrub scarcely exceeds 6 inches in height.  Stem
angled near the summit. The lower leaves are small, opposite, the up-
per verticillate, or rather perhaps ternate and opposite, the interme'-
diate  leaf beina; longer than tlie lateral, all  slightly acuminate and
marked by rib-like veins. Flowers in a terminal capitulum, \ ery small*
Involucrum white.  Berries red.
  Grows in boggy ground, on high$Hiountains, from Newi-England to
Carolina.   Pursh.
  Flowers May.
   2.  Florida.
   C. arborea;  foliis ova-
tis, acuminatis ;  involu-
cres fcnagnis, obcordatis;
drupis ovatis.   Pursh,  l.
p. 108.
   Sp. pl. p. 661.
   Arborescent  ;   leaves
ovate,  acuminate ; invo-
lucrum largg, obcordate;
drupes ovate.
                Walt. p. 88.  Mich. 1. p. 91.       %

  A tree 15—25 feet high, the trunk 8—10 inches diameter, with ex-
paneling branches, the smaller crowded at the extremities of the older.
fFoodJme grained, hard, durable.  Leaves opposite, deciduous, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, entire, ribbed ; the gpunger ones very pubesl
cent, almost villous on the under surface.  Fo >ers in terminal heads.
Involucrum 4 leaved; leaves large, obcordate, nerved, white; the 
208           TETRANDRIA MONOGYNtA.
 sinus callous, sessile at the base,of each head, and enclosing it before
 the time of flowering.  Calyx 1 leaved, small, tubular, border 4 cleft;
 segments erect, obtuse, shorter than the tube.  Petals 4, linear-lance-
 olate, inserted into the summit of the germ, yellowish.  Filaments 4,
 as long as the corolla, alternating with the petals*  Anthers incum-
 bent, 2 lobed.  Germ inferior, slightly angled.  Style shorter than
 the stamens, surrounded at base by a glandular ring, around* which
 the petals and filaments are inserted.  Stigma capitate.  Drupe red.
  Grows in light rich soils.
  Flowers March—April.                           Dogwood.
  The bark of the trunk  and branches of this  tree has been long
 employed as  a substitute  for the Peruvian bark.  Its tonic power is
 considerable,  but in  its  recent  state  it is apt  to  disorder  the
 stomach and bowels.  To obviate this effect, it is recommended  not
to use it for a year after it has been stripped from the tree.  It may
be given in powder in the  same doses with the Peruvian  bark.   A
decoction of the buds and small branches agrees well with a weak
stomach, and is probably the most eligible form of using this article.
  The wood is much used by mill-wrights, carpenters, &c.
   ** Floribus nudis, cy-
mosis.
   3.  Sericea.
   C. ramis patulis; foliis
ovatis, acuminatis, subtus
ferrugineo-sericeis ;  cy-
mis depressis,lanuginosis.
Sp. pl. l. p.  665.
   Pursh, 1. p. 108.
   C. lanuginosa, Mich. 1. p. 92.
  A shrub 5—10 feet high. Leat
face, sometimes .slightly  cordate.
Berries bright blue.
  Grows on the banks of rivulets,
  Flowers June. *

   4. Sanguinea.
   C. ramis strictis ;  foliis
ovatis,  concoloribus   u-
trinque   pubescentibus ;
cymis patentibus.  Pursh,
1. p. 109.
   Sp. pl. p. 66£.
L   ** iFlowers  naked, in
"cymes.

     Branches  expanded ;
  leaves  ovate,  acuminate,
  the under surface clothed
  with a  silky  ferruginous
  down;  cymes depressed,
  woolly,
es oblong, smooth on the upper sur-
 Flowers crowded  in the cymes.

 among the mountains.
    Branches   straight  ;
leaves ovate, pubescent,
and of the  same  colour
on both surfaces;  cymes
expanding. 
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.            209
  A shrub 8—12 feet high.  Branches smooth, generally dark purple,
pubescent when young.  Leaves broad, frequently oval, abruptly acu-
minate, nearly smooth on the upper surface.  Cymes expanding, when
old almost divaricate.  (Berries dark brown.  Pursh.)
  Grows in the vallies amongst the mountains.
  Flower May—June.
    Branches   stiff   and
straight ;   leaves ovate,
naked,   of  one  colour;
cymes pananiculated.
   5. Stricta.
   C. ramis strictis ; foliis
ovatis,  concoloribus, nu-
diusculis;  cymis  panicu-
latis.   Sp. pl.  1. p. 663.
   C. sanguinea, Walt. p. 88.
   C. fastigiata, Mich. 1. p. 92.

  A shrub 8—15 feet high, stoloniferous, branching; branches opposite,
glabrous, generally red, roughened by irregular protuberances. Leaves
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, glabrous, but sparingly sprinkled
with short hair. Cymes naked,  fastigiate.  Petals ovate-lanceolate,
much longer than  the  calyx.  Flowers fragrant.  Filaments a little
1  nger than the petals.
  The cymes in this species are sometimes regular, sometimes pani-
culate.
  Grows in swamps.  Very common in the low country.
  Flowers April.
   Branches erect; leaves
ovate, acuminate,  hoary
underneath  ; cymes pan-
iculated.
   6. Paniculata.
   C. ramis erectis; foliis
ovatis, acuminatis,  subtus
canis;  cymis paniculatis.
Sp.  pl. l. p. 664.   ,
   Pursh,  l.p. 109.
  A shrub  4—6 feet high.   Leaves frequ ntly lanceolate.  Flowers
in compact panicles.  (Berries white, depressed, globose.  Pursh.V
  Grows in swamps and near rivulets, from Canada to Carolina, rare.
Pursh.
  I have specimens collected in  very drv soils near Beaufort, that
appear to connect this species witli  the C. stricta. The leaves are
nearly ot the same colour on  each surface ;  the flowers in panicles.
  * lowers May—June. -
   7- Asperipolia.   Mich.        *
   C. ramis erectis, pubes-  I    Branches erect, fnibes-
centibus;  foliis ovali-lan-  j cent;  leaves oval-lance-
                          JB 2 
310
TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA,
ceolatis,  acuminatis,
                       su-   olate,  acuminate,   sea-
pra hispidis.                brous,  almost hispid on
                             the upper surface.
   Mich. 1. p. 93.  Pursh, l.p. 108.
  A shrub 4—10 feet high, stoloniferous ; branches virgate, the young
rough, tlie old glabrous.   Leaves very entire, scabrous, tomentose
on the under surface.  Petioles 3—4 lines long,  hairy.   Cymes
terminate,  fastigiate.    Peduncles  pubescent,  slightly  coloured.
Petals oUong lanceolate, white, pubescent.  Filaments shorter than
the petals.  Anthers purple.  Germ villous.  Style thick, as long as
the stamens, somewhat persistent.
  Grows in drv, sandy soils, moderately fertile. Common near Beau-
fort.
  Flowers June.
   8. Alternifolia.
   C.  ramis verrucosis;
foliis alternis, ovatis, acu-
tis,  subtus  canis; cymis
depressis,     patentibus.
Pursh, l. p. 4 09.
  Branches warty; leaves
alternate,  ovate,  acute,
hoary  underneath  ;  cy-
mes  depressed,  expand-
ing.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 664.  Mich. 1. p. 93.
  A small tree 15—20 feet high. Leaves on long slender petioles, the
young tapering to a point, the old with a long acumination.  Berries
purple.
  Grows along the margin of rivulets, among the mountains.
  Flowers May—June.
PTELEA,
   Corolla 4-petala.   Ca-
lyx   4-partitus,  inferus.
Stigmata  2.     Samara
^nbrotunda, centro mono-
sperma.
   l.  TrifoliataJ
   P. foliis trifoliatis ; flo-
ribus  paniculatis, dioicis.
E.
   sP. Pi. 1. p. 6ro.
   Walt p.
   Mich. 1. p. 99. Pursh, 1. p. 10J
   Corolla 4 petalled.  Ca-
lyx  4  parted,  inferior.
Stigmas2.  Samaraneax-
ly round,  l  seeded in the
centre.

   Leaves trifoliate; flow-
ers in panicles,  dioicous. 
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.            211
  A shrub 6—8 feet high; the young branches terete, pubescent, the
old glabrous.  Leaves ternate, leaflets oblong, lanceolate, acuminate,
crenulate, pubescent, yeined, the under surface paler than the upper,
2—3 inches long, 1—2 wide.  Common petiole 2—3 inches long, pu-
bescent.  Leaflets sessile.  Floivers in terminal  panicles.  Of the
sterile flowers the calyx very hairy, the segments subulate, appressed.
Corolla 4 petalled ?  (if one petalled the segments cohere very slightly),
4 or  5 times as long as the calyx.   Petals oval, obtuse, pubescent,
greenish.  Filaments 4, shorter than the corolla, tomentose at base.
Anthers oblong,  2  celled.  Germ  small, hidden in the down of the
filaments.  Style very short.  Stigma bifid.  The fertile flowers sim-
ilar,  but the germ  more conspicuous.   Capsule lanceolate, com-
pressed, 2  celled, not opening,  surrounded by a circular membrane.
-Seed 1 in each cell.
  Flowers of a strong disagreeable smell.
  Grows in the middle and upper country, rare in the lower.  Found
near Savannah by Mr. Abbot.  On James' island.
  Flowers May—June.

   2. Monophylla.   La Marck.
   P.  foliis   simplicibus,
lanceolato-ovatis, subses-
silibus; fructibus trialatis.
Lam. Encyc. p.  336.
  Of this species I know nothing but from the description of La Marck,
who adds that the flowers are in  racemes, and that it was found  in
Carolina by Mr. John Fraser, whose zeal and indefatigable exertions
in the collection of the plants of this country are well known.
   Leaves simple, lanceo-
late-ovate, nearly sessile;
fruit 3 winged.
LUDWIGIA.
   Calyx  4-partitus,  su- 1
penis.   Corolla 4-petala,
vel 0.    Capsula  i-gona,
4-locnlaris, polysperma.
   * Apetala?.
   1.  PALUSTRIS.
   L   caule prostrato. re-
pente;   foliis  oppositis,
lanceolatis, basi attenua-
te •;   capsulis   oblongis,
sub angulatfe.   E.
L. apetala, Walt. 89.
L. nitida, Mich. 1. p. 87.  Pursh, 1. p. li L
Isnardia palustris, Sp. pl. l. p,
   Calyx  4 parted, supe-
rior.1  Petals 4, or 0.  Cap-
sule  4 angled,  4  celled,
many seeded.
   *  Without petals.    .

   Stem prostrate, creep-
ing ; leaves opposite, lan-
ceolate, tapering at base;
capsule  oblong,  slightly
angled. 
21 %           TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
  Root fibrous, perennial.  Stem slightly angled, succulent, branch-
ing.  Leaves verv entire, glabrous.   Flowers solitary, axillary, ses-
sile ;  2 small subulate leaves at the base of each flower.  Calyx deep-
ly 4 parted ; segments acuminate, shorter than the germ.  Corolla 0.
Filaments 4, opposite to  the segments of the calyx, and one half as
long.  Anthers nearly round, 2 celled, whitish.  Germ inferior, tur-
binate.  Style short.   Stigma  capitate.  Capsule oblong, slightly 4
angled, crowned with the permanent calyx   Receptacle central, with
a  wing  extending into each cell to  which the seeds are attached^
Seeds numerous, oval, glabrous.
  Grows in wet ground, ditches, bogs, &c.
  Flowers nearly the whole year.


   2. Alata.   E.
   L. glabra ; foliis  cune-       Glabrous  ;  leaves  cu-
ato-lanceolatis,    decur-   neate-lanceolate,  decur-
rentibus ;  caule   alato ;    rent;  stem winged; cap-
capsulis  cubicis*  sessili-   sules cubic,  sessile.
bus.    E.       *
  Stem about 2 feet high, sparingly branched, more strongly winged
than any of our species of Ludwigia excepting the doubtful L. jussiee-
pides.  Leaves alternate, cuneate, at base lanceolate  or oval, the mar-
gins irregular as if  denticulate.   Calyx shorter than the capsule.
Capsule  somewhat cubical, slightly winged.
  Found in damp piaces on Sullivan's Island, in the wooded part of
the island.
  Flowers July—September.
   3.  Microcarpa.   Mich.
   L.  caule decumbente,     Stem decumbent, slight.
subalato ;  foliis  alternis,   ly  winged  ;  leaves alter.
spathulato-obovatis ;  flo-   nate, spathulate-obovate;
ribus axillaribus, sessili-   flowers  axillary, sessile.
bus.  E.
   Mich. 1. p. 88.
   L.glandulosa ? Pursh, 1. p. 111.

  Root annual ?  Stem about a foot high, branching, slightly angled by
the decurrent leaves.  Leaves acute,  glabrous,  margins obscurely
denticulate, about an inch long, 3—4 lines wide.  Stigma simple, ob-
tuse.   Capsuk very small, 4 furrowed, discharging its seed through a
pore in the summit of the capsule.
  Grows in damp soils.  Rare to me.   Found in the fields at Walnut
lull, seven miles from Beaufort.
  Flowers July—September. 
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
8i8
    4.  Sphjerocarpa.   E.
    L.  caule erecto, ramo-     Stem erect, branching;
 so;  foliis  linearijanceo-  leaves  linear-lanceolate;
 latis ;  capsulis parvulis,  capsules  small,  sessile,
 sessilibus,  globosis,  pu-  globose, pubescent.
 bescentibus.   E.

   Root perennial.  Stem 2 feet high,  erect, slender, very slightly an-
 gled, glabrous.  Leaves 2 inches long, 2 lines wide, very acute, base
 also acute, glabrous, sprinkled when young with a few hairs, alternate.
 Flowers sessile, axillary.  Calyx about as long as the germ.
   This plant  has much aflinity to the L. mollis, but is every way
 more slender and more  glabrous, the capsules not  more than one
 quarter of their size, and destitute of the two leaves which mark the
 capsules of L. mollis.
   Found near Orangeburgh, S. C. in swampy grounds.
   Flowers July—September.


    5.  Cylindrica.   E.
    L.  caule erecto, ramo-     Stem  erect, branching,
 so, sub angulato;   foliis  slightly  angled ;  leaves
 lanceolatis;   capsulis cy-  lanceolate ;  capsule  cy-
 lindricis.   E.                iindrical.

   Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous,  3 feet high, glabrous.   Leaves
 alternate, tapering  at  each extremity, 3—4 inches long, nearly 1
 wide, slightly  decurrent ; the margins appear remotely denticulate.
 Segments of the calyx serrulate, shorter than the germ.  Filaments
 tinged  with purple.  Anthers yellow.  Germ cylindrical, somewhat
 scabrous.  Styk thick.  Stigma  capitate, globose.   Capsule oblong,
 cylindrical, slightly 4 furrowed, and pubescent.  Seeds slightly angled.
  This plant has been considered as the L. glandulosa of Walter, but
 its leaves are never ovate, nor have I ever seen the glands from which
 Walter formed his name ; neither is  it probable  that Walter would
have omitted to mention the cylindrical capsule, which is much more
remarkable in this species than in the  L. linearis.
  Grows at Burton's Hill, three miles  from Beaufort; and found near
Savannah by Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers July—September.
   C. Lanceolata.
   L. caule virgato ;  foliis      Stem  virgate ;  leaves
angusto-landeolatis,   gla-   narrow,  lanceolate,  gla- 
3*4
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
bris,  subdecurrentibus ;   brous, slightly decurrent;
capsulis  cubicis,  sessili-   capsules   cubic,  sessile,
bus, alatis.   E.              wingedi

  Root perennial ? Stem erect, rarely branched, angled, glabrous.
Leaves long, lanceolate, tapering towards both extremities,  blowers
axillary, sessile, solitary, numerous.  Calyx shorter than the capsule.
Capsule cubical, winged.
  Discovered by Mr. Le Conte, in the swamps in Georgia, and sent to
me by Dr.  Baldwin.  A variety  with narrow leaves,  and capsules
slightly winged, grows on the neck about six miles from  Charleston.
  Flowers through the  summer.
   **  With the rudiments
of petals.
   Villous ;  stem  erect,
much branched ;  leaves
lanceolate ;  flowers gen-
erally clustered;  capsule
globose, 2 leaved.
   ** Rudimentis tantum
petalorum.
   7. Mollis;   Mich.
   L. villosa ; caule erec-
to,  ramosissimo ;  foliis
lanceolatis  ; floribus  ple-
rumque congestis;  cap-
sula globosa, bifoliata.  E.
   Mich. 1. p. 90.  Pursh, 1. p. 111.
   L. rudis ?  Walt. p. 89.
  Root perennial, throwing out many creeping suckers.   Stem erect,
more branched than in any other species, covered, as every part of
the plant, with a soft villous down, scarcely at all angled.  Leaves
on the runners spathulate lanceolate, on the stem alternate, lanceolate,
acute at each extremity. Flowers axillary,sessile,clustered towards the
extremity of the branches  into  a  compact, cylindrical, leafy spike.
Calyx as long as the germ,  and nearly as  long as the mature capsule.
Capsule globose, villous ; the  two bracteal leaves, which in  the other
species are below the capsule, in this are seated on it.
  Grows in ditches and bogs.  The most common perhaps of all the
species.
  Flowers August—September.
   8. Capitata.  Mich.
   L. caule erecto, virga-
to;   foliis lineari-lanceo-
latis,   glabris ;    floribus
plerumque conferto cap-
   Stem   erect, virgate ;
leaves  linear-lanceolate,
glabrous ;  flowers  gene-
rally clustered  into  ter- 
TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.            215
itatis  ;   bracteis  calyce
longioribus.   E.
                               minal  heads;   bracteas
                               longer than the calyx.
   Mich. 1  p. 90.  Pursh, 1. p. 111.
   L. suffVuticosa, Walt. p.  90.
  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, erect, columnar, glabrous, very
Slightly marked  by the decurrent  leaves.  Ltaves  nearly subulate,
very acute, obtuse at base, glabrous.  Flowers sessile, axillary, some-
times a little remote, generally farming a compact head.  Bracteas,
which in most of the species  are minute leaves at the base of the cap-
sule, in this are longer than the calyx, and lanceolate.   Calyx longer
than the germ.   (Petals shorter thau the calyx.  Mich.)   In the spe-'1
cimen no trace of a corolla is perceptible..  I have  never seen it in
flower.  Capsule oblong, slightly winged.
  Not very common, but widely  diffused.   Sent from  Louisville,
Georgia, by Mr. Jackson ; St. Mary's, by  Dr. Baldwin.   Ogechee.
  Grows in  damp soils.
  Flowers August—October.

   ***  Corollata3.          |    ***  With corollas,

   9. Pedunculosa.  Mich.
   Stem  procumbent,  ra-
dicant; leaves  opposite,
lanceolate  ;   peduncles
longer than the leaves.
   L.  caule procumbente,
radicante; foliis  opposi-
te, lanceolatis;  peduncu-
lis foliis longioribus.   E.
   Mich. 1. p. 88.—Pursh, 1. p. 111.
   L. arcuata ? Walt. 89.
  Root perennial. Stem sparingly pubescent, branching, purple, 3—6
inches  long.  Leaves sessile, entire, glabrous on the upper surface,
the under slightly sprinkled with hair, 3—4 lines long 1—1£ wide.
Flowers axillary, solitary; peduncles 2—3 times as long as the leaves.
Calyx longer than the germ.  Petals obovate, entire, yellow, large for
the size of the plant, inserted into the summit of the germ, alternat-
ing with the segments of the calyx, caducous.  Stamens half as lono-
as the calyx. Style  and stigma yellow.  Capsule inversely conical,
pubescent, opening through a central pore.
  Grows in bogs and wet places of the lower country.
  Flowers Mav—June.
   10.  Linearis.   Walt.
   L.  caule erecto, ramo-
so, superne angulato;  fo-
liis linearibus, glabris; flo-
ribus  sessilibus.   E.
   Walt. p. 89.—Pursh, 1. p. lio!
   h. angustifolia, Mich.  1. p. 88.
s>?
   Stem  erect, branching
angled near the summit;
leaves  linear,  glabrous;
flowers sessile. 
gl6           TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
  Root perennial.  Stem 2 feet high, below columnar, above s'ightly
angled by the decurrent leaves.  Leaves alternate, glabrous, 2 inches
long, when magnified slightly serrulate;  with two subulate glands at
base.  Calyx shorter than the germ.  Petals obovate, longer than the
calyx, yellow.  Anthers oblong, large, erect, with the margins crenate.
Germ oblong, furrowed, the angles rounded.
  Grows in shallow water, generally in ditches and swamps.
  Flowers July—September.
   Stem  virgate,  pubes-
cent; leaves ovate, elon-
gate,  obtuse ;  calyx re-
flexed ;  capsules winged.
   11.  Virgata.   Mich.
*  L.  caule  virgato,  pu-
bescente;  foliis  ovato-e-
longatis,  obtusis;   calyce
reflexo;  capsulis  alatis.
E.
   Mich. 1. p. 89.—Pursh, 1. p. 110?
   L. alternifolia, Walt. p.  89.
  Root perennial.  Stem erect 2—3 feet high, slightly angled by the
decurrent leaves, pubescent, rarely branched.  Leaves cJosely sessile,
narrow, soft, pubescent, rounded at base, the summit obtuse or abrupt-
ly acute.  Flowers rather remote, on  peduncles  about h inch long;
Calyx longer  than the capsule, segments lanceolate, acute, reflexed.
Petals obovate, longer than the  calyx, caducous.  Capsule nearly cu-
bic, with the angles winged, opening through a central pore
  Grows  in close soils.  Very  common.  Less of an aquatic plant*
than any  other species.
  Flowers May—September.
   12.  Pilosa.   Walt.
  L. pilosa, interdum hir-
suta ; caule erecto, ramo-
so;  foliis ovatis,  obtusis ;
calyce  erecto;   capsulis
aiatis.   E.
   Hairy, sometimes  hir-
sute;  stem erect, branch-
ing ;  leaves ovate, obtuse;
calyx   erect  ;    capsules
winged.
   Walt. p. 89.
   L. hirsuta, La. Marck, Encyc. p. 587.—Pursh, 1. p. 110.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 673.                              v
  Root perennial.  Stem erect, sometimes  virgate, sometimes much
branched, hairy, columnar, the branches very slightly marked by the
decurrent leaves.  Leaves obtuse at each end, 10—18 lines long, 3—4
lines wide.  Flowers axillary, on peduncles  one half inch long.  Seg-
ments of the calyx longer than tlie germ.  Petals obovate, yellow,
rather longer than the calyx.   Capsule  somewhat  cubical,  slight-
ly winged, opening through a central pore. 
TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.            217
  In habit much resembling the preceding species.  To Dr. Baldwin
I am indebted for the observation that besides the other noted marks
of distinction, the calyx is always erect in this species, and reflected
in the former.
  Grows in miry and clayey soils.
  Flowers August—October.


   14. Alternifoliv.
   L. caule erecto, ramo- |     Stem  erect, branching^
 so, scabriusculo; foliis al- I  slightly scabrous; leaves
 terms,  lanceolatis;   cap- j  alternate,     lanceolate  ;
 sulis alatis.    E.            |  capsules winged.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 672.
   L. ramosissima, Walt. p. 89.
   L. macrocarpa, Mich. 1 p. 89.—Pursh, 1. p. 110.

   Root perennial.  Stem 3—4 feet high, much branched, a little rough,
 and pubescent, towards the summit  slightly angled by the decurrent
 leaves.  Leaves sessile, lanceolate, acute  at each extremity, a little
 hairy and scabrous, and apparently  serrulate by the marginal  hairs.
 Flowers on short peduncles.  Segments of the calyx five nerved, cil-
 iate, 3 or 4 times longer than the germ ; before the time of flowering
 the segments only approach each other loosely but  are  not united.
 Petals rounded, caducous, as long as the  calyx.  Capsules somewhat
 cubic, angled, winged, the wings very large and ciliate,opening through
 a central pore.
   To me rare.  Grows 7 miles from Beaufort in the swamp at the Hal£
 way house and sent to me lately from Savannah by Dr. Baldwin.
   Flowers July—September.


   15. Decurrens.   Walt.
   L ? caule  erecto ;  fo-      Stem  erect ;   leaves
 His  ovato-lanceolatis, de-   ovate-lanceolate,  decur-
 currentibus;  floribus oc-   rent;   flowers    with   8
 tandris.    E.                J  stamens.
    Walt. p. 89  Pursh, l.p.  U0.v
   L. Jussiseoides,  Mich. 1. p. 89.

   Jussisea erecta, Abbot's Insects of Georg. t. 40.  Pursh, l.p.304'.
   Root perennial ? fibrous,  fibres woolly.  Stem erect, 2  feet high,
 square, glabrous, widely winged by the  decurrent  leaves.  Leaves
 shining, with 2 glands  at base.   Flowers on peduncles, 2—3 lines
 long, square, winged; 2 cordate glands on the middle of the peduncles.
 Segments  of the calyx shorter than the germ, acuminate, 5 nerved.
 Pe'als obovate, larger than the calyx, yellow, caducous, having a white;
                            c2 
218           TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
lunate, hairy gland around the base.   Filaments 8, shorter than the
petals.  Anthers erect, pale yellow.   Germ oblong, square, winged.
Style short.  Stigma capitate.  Capsule very long, square, winged.
  Grows in moist situations.  Very common.
  Flowei s July—September.                               ^
AMMANNIA.
   Corolla 4 petalled, in-
serted into the calyx, or 0.
Calyx 1  leaved, plaited,
8 toothed, inferior.   Cap-
sule 4 celled.

   Stem  erect, somewhat
columnar ; leaves  semi-
amplexicaul;   the  lower
flowers verticillate.
   Corolla 4-petala, calyce
inserta, vel nulla.  Calyx
l-phyllus,   plicatus,   8-
dentatus,  inferus.   Cap-
sula 4-locularis.
   1.  Ramosior.
   A.  caule erecto, subte-
reto; foliis semiamplexi-
caulibus ;  floribus inferi-
oribus verticillatis.   £.
   Sp. pl.  1. p. 678.
   Mich. 1. p. 99.

  Root annual ?  Stem 2 feet high, columnar, succulent, glabrous, when
procumbent taking root.   Leaves opposite, narrow lanceolate, at base
somewhat cordate,the lower nearly sessile, the upper entirely so.  Flow-
ers axillary, sessile, the lower ones clustered, the upper solitary ; 2
small subulate leaves at the base of each  calyx.   Calyx persistent,
glabrous, truncate, enveloping the germ even to maturity, 4 angled,
acute, expanding, 4 plaited, incumbent.  Petals small, obovate, very
pale purple, inserted into  the calyx near the  summit.  Filaments 4,
inserted into the base of  the calyx, alternating with the petals, very
short.  Anthers globose, 2 celled, greenish, before flowering attached
to the  stigmas.  Germ superior, globose, 8 furrowed.   Style very
short, thick.  Stigma obtuse.   Seed numerous,  attached to wings ex-
tending from the central receptacle into each cell.
  Grows in wet places.
  Flowers  August—September.
   2. Humilis.   Mich.
   A. cable erecto,  tetra-
gono;  foliis  lanceolatis,
basi attennuatis; floribus
solitariis.  E.
   Mich.  1. p.99
   A. ramosior r Walt. p. 88.
   Stem  erect,  square ;
leaves  lanceolate,  taper-
ing at base ;  flowers solir
tary. 
TETRANDRIA  DIGYNIA.            319
  Root annual ? Stem simple, 6 inches high, glabrous, tender, occa-
sionally branched.  Leaves opposite, obtuse.   Flowos sessile, axilla-
ry.'  Calyx surrounding the germ, and adhering to it when young,
with 4 short expanding segments, and 4 which appear interior, much
longer, lanceolate,  erect; 2  small leaves at the base of the calyx.
Petals 4, obovate, white, caducous, alternating with the segments of
the calyx, and inserted into the summit of the germ. Filaments very
short.  Anthers erect, large, yellow.   Germ rather inferior.  Style
very short, scarcely any. Stigma capitate.   Capsule 4 celled, nearly
square, apparently crowned with the calyx.   Seeds numerous, attach-
ed to wings of the central receptacle which extend into each cell.
  This plant, by the  insertion of its petals  and  its adheriug. calpftr,
which seem only to separate from the capsule when both are dry, has
some affinity to  the genus Ludwi<jia; while  by its 8  parted calyx,
the colourof its corollaand its opposite leaves,it approaches Ammannia.
  Oro'.ss  in damp soils, two miles from Beaufort, near the main road.
  Flowers September—October.'
vw www VWVW VIA/ vw
DIGYNIA.
www www
  Involucrum triphyllum,
triflorum.    Calyx   pro-
prius  4-phyllus.    Petala
4.   Nux bicornis, 2-locu-
laris.
   1. Virginica.
   H. foliis obovatis, acute
dentatis, sinu parvo cor-
date.    Pursh, 1. p. 116.
HAMAMELIS.

             Involucrum  3  leaved
3  flowered.   Proper ca-
lyx 4 leaved.   Petals  4.
Nut 2 horned, 2 celled.
                                  Leaves obovate, acute-
                               ly toothed,  cordate with
                               the sinus small.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 701.  Mich. 1. p. 100.  Walt. p. 255.
  A shrub 4—10 feet high ; branches manv, long, slightly but regu-
larly geniculate.  Leaves strongly veined, slightly scabious,;i loosely
waved or toothed upon the  margins." (Big.)  Flowers axillary, in
clusters.  Pcta s four times as long as the calyx, very linear, pale*yel-
low.  Nut partly clothed withthe calyx, ending in two recurved pro-
tuberances : cells of a bony consistence, polished within, discharging
the seed when mature, with a spring to some distance.   Seed elliptical
or oval, about the size of a grain of barley j tegument bony, of a shining
black colour, one end (hilum ?) white. 
220
TETRANDRIA DiGYNlA.
  This shrub seldom flowers with  us until its leaves have all fallow.
It appears, from Dr.Bigelow's description, to attain to a much more con-
siderable  size  in New-England than the Southern States.  Walters
three species appear to be only varieties.
  Negroes grind oif the ends of the seed, and string them for personal
ornaments.
  Grows in light, rich  soils, on the margins of rivulets.
  Flowers October—November, and  sometimes  during the  mild
weather in winter.                              Witch Hazle.
2. M*CROPHYLLA.   Pursh.
   H. foliis suborbiculatis,
cordate,  grosse  obtuse-
dentatis,  subtus  scabro-
punctatis.    Pursh,  1.  p.
116.
   Leaves nearly orbicu-
lar,  cordate, largely and
obtusely toothed, beneath
rough,    with   scabrous
dots.
  Found by Mr. Lyon in the western districts of Georgia; a specie*
perhaps doubtful.
CUSCUTA.
   Calyx 4-fidus.   Corol-
la  l-petala.   Capsula 2-
locularis, circumscissa.
   1. Americana.
   C. floribus  peduncula-
te,  umbellate,  quinque-
fidis.   Sp.  pl. l.p. 702.
   Walt. p. 109.  Mich. 1. p. 175
                                 Calyx 4 cleft.   Corol-
                              la  1  petalled.    Capsule
                              2 celled, circumscissed.


                                Flowers peduncled, urn-
                              belled, 5 cleft.

                                Pursh, 1. p. 116.
  This singular plant, which twines around small sbrubs, and resem-
bles loose webs of pale orange-coloured thread, springs first  from the
ground, but immediately  attaching  itself to other plants  becomes
parasitic,  adheres closely to their bark, and loses its connection with
the earth.  Stem.filiform.   Leaves 0.  Flowers in alternate  and re-
mote clusters.   Small petals, nearly white.  Seeds 2.
  The flowers  are perhaps rather in small racemes clustered  together
than in umbels, and are in our species pentandrous.
  This plant is found  attached indiscriminately toshrubs and herba-
ceous plants, but seems to prefer the Betula serrulata, Sambucus Cana-
densis, Rubus  triviahs, and Erigeron Canadense. It may be readily
transplanted by detaching a few inches of the stem  and placing it on
any living plant in damp weather.
  Grows  in damp soils.
  Flowers through the summer.                     jrovg j,-*??K 
TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA,
221
TETR 1GYNIA.
(WWW vw www
SAGINA.
   Calyx 4-phyllus.   Co-
rolla  4-petala.   Capsrda
4-locularis,  polysperma.

   1. Procumbent.
   S. caulibus procumben-
   Calyx 4 leaved.    Co-
rolla 4 petalled.    Cap-
sule 4 celled, many seed-
ed.
            »
   Stem procumbent, gla-
tibus, glabris; petalis bre- j  brous; petals very short.
vissimis.  Pursh,l.p. 119. j

  Stem 3—4 inches long, procumbent, branching.  Leaves linear, op-
posite, clustered at the extremity of the. branches.  Peduncles solitary,
axillary, longer than the leaves, one flowered.
  Flowers, according to Linnaeus, are sometimes apetalous.
  Grows in barren sandy fields, in Virginia and Carolina.  Pursh.
  Flowers May—August.
POTAMOGETON.
    Calyx o.    Petals
)  Style 0. Seeds 4.
4.
Leaves
floating,   on
&•>
long  petioles, lanceolate-
ovate,  tapering at  each
end.
   Calyx  0.   Petala 4.
Stylus o.   Seniina 4.
   1. Fluitans.
    P.   foliis   natantibus
longe petiolate,  lanceo-
lato-ovatis,  utrinque  at-
tenuate.  Sp. pl.  l. p.
713.
   Pursh, 1. p.  120.
  Growing generally  in deep water, (2—6 feet).  Stem branching,
glabrous; the submersed leaves narrow, lanceolate, sessile, long, (5—5
inches) r the floating leaves on footstalks, 1—2 inches long, oval, lan-
ceolate, many nerved, (17-19 ?) nerves  alternately  more  distinct;
a stipule sheathing the stem of the base of each leaf.  Flowers in ax-
illary *mkes.  Common peduncle long.  The flowers rise to the sur-
lace of the water during the period of inflorescence.
  Grows m stagnant waters. Silk Hope, eight miles from Savannah.
;\ot so common as the succeeding species.
  Flowers May—June. 
222          TETRANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
   2. Heterophyllum?
   P.   foliis superioribus
opposite, lanceolatis, pe-
tiolate, quinquenervibus;
inferioribus    alternis. li-
nearibus, sessilibus.  E.
   Upper leaves opposite,
lanceolate,  petiolate,   5
nerved ; the lower alter-
nate, linear, sessile.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 713.  Pursh, 1. p. 120.
   P. hybridum,  Mich. l.p. 101.

  Root perennial.  Stem 1—S or 4 feet long, branching, glabrous;
upper leaves acute at each end, very entire, i  inch long, 3—4 lines
wide; the lower ones,  which are  submersed,  1—2^ inches  long.
Flowers in spikes, crowded, opposite the leaves, and axillary.   Corol-
la 4 petalled ;  petals nearly round, concave, obscurely green, decidu-
ous.  Filaments shorter than the corolla.   Anthers 2 lobed,*nearlv
round.  Germs4.  Styles very short.  Stigma obtuse, capitate.' Seeds
4, reniform,  nearly round, roughened.
  This plant seems strongly to resemble the P. setaceum of Pursh.
  Grows in stagnant water.
  Flowers April.
3. Pxuciflorum.   Pursh.
   Leaves  linear, sessile,
the  lower alternate,  the
upper verticillate ; spikes
on  peduncles ;   flowers
few.
   P. foliis linearibus, ses-
silibus, ;  inferioribus  al-
ternis, superioribus  verti-
cillatis ; spicis peduncula-
te, paucifloris.   E.
   Pursh, 1. p. 121.     ^
   P. gramineum, Mich. 1. p. 102.

  Stem branching, much diffused.  Leaves linear, 1—2 inches long;
the lower alternate, the upper generally by fours.  Spikes on pedun-
cles nearly an inch long, one from each whorl  of leaves.  Flowers
few, 4—10.
  Grows in shallow water.
  Flowers through the summer. 
CLASS V-
PENTANDRIA.
 107.
 108.
 109.
 ✓410.
 111.
 112.
 113.
 /114.
 115.
 116.
 117.
^118.
 119.
 120.
 121.
 122.
>123.
^124.
-*125.
 ^126.
 ^127.
  128.
^129.
/ 130.
s*\3\.
  132.
  133.
S\34.
  135.
  136.
y\37.
 .✓•138.
  139.
 ^140.
 ✓141.
 142.
  143.
  144.
  J 45.
 /146.
 .147.
 /148.
  149.
MONOGYNM.

HRLIOTROPIUMt- 2*£
MYOSOTIS.----- **-*,
L1THOSPERMUM.- 2W
ONOSMODIUM. .  . Zt7
BATSCHIA. . ,  . t Z*t
CYNOGLOSSUM. .---
PULMONARIA. .----
DIAPENSIA.  .  . ZZf
VILLARSIA.  .   , t%0
HOTTONIA.   .   .2J/
HYDROPHYLLUM.---
LYSIMACHIA. .  .ZSZ
ANAGALL1S.  .  . Uf~
PHACELIA. .  .  . U*
SPIGELIA. .  .  .,--
OPHIORRHIZA..  . 23J
AZALEA. .  .  . 2?t
PHLOX.....2*%
CONVOLVULUS.  . Zf*
IPOMOEA. •  ,   %fff
CANTUA. ,  ,   #*Z
POLEMONIUM.   . Uf
CAMPANULA.   .--■
SAMOLUS.   .   . 249
LOBELIA.   .   . tj/f
pinckneya..   - us
triosteum. .   . */?
caprifolium.   . 770
symphorea. .   . 271
diervilla. . .  .2/3
VERBA SCUM. .___s
DATURA.  . .  . tyf
ATROPA.
P1IYSAL1S.
SOLANUM.
SABBATIA.
BUMELIA.
RHAMNUS.
ZIZYPHUS.
CEANOTHUS.
KUONYMUS.
ITEA.
CYR1LLA.
 150.
 151.
 -152.
 ,153.
/54.
 155.
 156.
 157.
 158.
,459.
 160.
/161.
GALAX.
RIBES.
VIOLA.
IMPATIENS.
CISSUS.
CLAYTONIA.
ANYCHIA.
ACHYRANTHES.
THESIUM.
GELSEMINUM.
ECHITES.
AMSQNIA,
      DIGYmA.

 162. APOCYNUM.
 163. CEROPEGIA.
 164. ACERATES.
y465. ASCLEPIAS.
,.466. PODOSTIGMA.
>167. GONOLOBUS.
>168. CHENOPOD1UM.
✓169. SALSOLA.
 -170. ULMUS.
 171. PLANERA.
 172. CELTIS.
 1/3. HYDROLEA.
 174.JIEUCHERA.
 175.THCHONDRA.
 176. GENTIANA.
 177. ERYNGIUVI.
,178. HYDROCOTYLE.
^179. SAN1CULA.
 180. DAUCUS.
 181. AMMI.
 182. SELINUM.
 183. FERULA.
 184. L1GUSTICUM.
 185. ANGELICA.
 ✓186. SIUM.
 187. SISON.
 188. CICUTA.
 189. CHiEROPHYLLUM.
 190. SMYRJNIUM. 
224              pentandria monogynia-

       TRIGYJ\nIA.                PENTAGYmA.
  191. RHUS.
>192. VIBURNUM.
  193. SAMBUCUS.
  194. STAPHYLEA.
  195. TURNERA.
  196. LEPUROPETALON.
  197. SAROTHRA.

      TETRAGYJSTIA.

  198. PARNASSIA.
199. ARALIA.
200. STATICE.
201. LINUM.
202. DROSERA.

    POLYGYRIA.

203. ZANTHORHIZAv
wwww%>wvvwvw
HELIOTROPIUM. ' Gen. pl.  239.
    Corolla   hypocrateri-
ferm,  5 cleft, with teeth
interposed, and the throat
naked.

v  Leaves  cordate-ovate,
acute,  -scabrous ;  spikes
solitary*; fruit 2 cleft.
    Corolla   hypocrateri-
formis, 5-fida,  interjectis
dentibus, fauce nuda.


   1.  Indicum.
   H.  foliis   cordato-ova-
its, acutis, scabriusculis ;
spicis solitariis ; fructibus
bifidis.  Sp.pl.  l. p. 710.
   Walt. p. 91.
   Mich. 1. p 228.  Pursh, 1. p. 130.
  Root annual ?  Stem 8—,J.2 inches high, furrowed^hispid.  Leaves
alternate ovate, seldom cqpdate,  the  margin  irregular,  strongly
veined. Flowers in .axillary spikes, at first recurved, after flowering
straight.  Calyx 5  parted, persistent, hirsute.   CoroUa longer than
the calyx.  Seeds 4, angular, adhering by pairs which separate widely,
slightly emarginate.
  Grows, where Michaux observed  it, at the  Eutaw (Youta) Springs,
and found by Mr: Oemier in the Dutch Fork, above Columbia.  It is
found generally along the borders of rivulets  in the middle and upper
country.
  Flowers Jhine—August.
   S.  CURASSAVICUM.
   H, foliis angusto-lance-
olatis,  glabris,  carnosis,
aveniis ;   spicis conjuga-
tis.   Sp. pl.  l. p. 7*5.
   Leaves narrow lanceo-
late, succulent, glabrous,
witbout  veins ;'  spikes
conjugate. 
PENTANDR1A MONOGYNIA.
22&
  Annual ? Stem 6—12 inches  long, erect'when  simple, decumbent
when much divided, terete, succulent, and with the whole plant glau-
cous.  Leaves alternate, with  small ones generally in the axil ^some-
what crowded, 1—\± inch long,  3—4 lines wide, ruther obtuse, taper-
ing at base, sessile.   Flowers in terminal, conjugate revolute spikes.
Caly0> parted, succulent, persistent. Corolla small, hypocrateriform,
white, the tube tinged with yellow, border 5 parted ; segments obtuse,
tube as long as the calyx, 5 furrowed ; throat ■ aked.  Anthers sessile
in the base of the tube, sagittate, acuminate. Germs 4, superior. Style
0, or very short.  Stigma  thick,somewhat conical, undivided, with a
margin round its base. Seeds 4, coated on the out side with a thick
fleshy pulp, 2 furrowed, angled on the inside.
  Grows in soils affected by salt water, on the shores of Charleston har-
bour.                          1 y
  Flowers May—July.

             MYOSOTIS.   Gen. pl. 3*0.
   Corolla hypocraterifor-
mis, 5-fida,  emarginata;
fauce clausa fornicibus.
    Corolla   hypocrateri-
form, 5 cleft, emarginate;
the  throat   closed   with
arches formed by the fil-
aments.
   Hairy ;  seeds retrorse-
lyaculeate; leaves ovate
lanceolate,    acuminate;
racemes divaricate.
   1. VlRGINlANA.
   M. pilosum; seminibus
aculeato-glochidibus ; fo-
liis ovato-lanceolatis, acu-
minatis ;  racemis  divari-
catis.   Pursh, l. p. 134.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 748. Mich. 1. p. 129.
  Plant 1—2 feet *igh, branching.  Leaves scabrous, oval, ovate and
lanceolate, generally acute.   Flowers white or pale blue.  Fruit nod-
dins, the seeds  covered except on the interior angle, with barbed
prickles.      • K
  Grows in dry soils, in the upper districts of Carolina.
  Flowers June—July.                         •*»

         LITHOSPERMUM.   Gen. pl.  841.
   Corolla  infundibulifor-
mis,  fauce perforata, nu-
da.   Calyx 5-paititus.
\  1.  AllVENSE.
   L.  seminibus  rugosis ;
corollis vix  calycem su-
                        D 2
   Corolla funnel shaped,
the    throat    perforate,
naked.   Calyx 5 parted.

   Seed rough;   corolla
scarcely longer than  the 
2BG
PENTANDR1A MONOGYNIA.
calyx ;    leaves
without  veins.
obtuse^
perantibus ; foliis obtusis,
aveniis.   Smith, Fl. Brit.
l. p  313.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 751.   Pursh, 1. p. 131.                    #
  Plant annual, hispid.  Stem 12—18 inches high, branching.  Leaves
oblong, frequently ovate.  Flowers solitary, axillary, nearly sessile,
forming terminal, leafy racemes.  Segments of the calyx long, linear
or subulate.  Corolla greyish white.
  Grows on Charleston Neck, in dry soils.  Not common.  Imported;
  Flowers May—Jaly.
ONOSMODIUM.   Mich.
   Corolla  fauce   nuda,
subcampanulata,    limi*o
yentricoso;   laciniis con-
niventibus, acutis.    An-
ihera  sessiles,  inclusae.
'Calyx 5-partitus.

   1. Hispidum.
   6.  foliis  ovali-lanceo-
latis,  nervosis;  corollis
acuminatis.
   Corolla with the throat
naked,  somewhat   cam-
panulate, the border ven-
trieose ;  segments  con-
nivent,  acute.    Anthers
sessile, included.   Calyx
5 parted.

  Leaves oval lanceolate,
nervose ;   segments  of
the corolla acuminate.
   Mich. l.p. 133.  Pursh, l.p. 132.
   Lithospermum Virginianum, Sp. pl. 1. p. 752.  Walt. p. 91»

 Root fusiform ? perennial. Stem herbaceous, 1—2 feet high, branched
obtusely angled, with the leaves and  calyx hispid.  Leaves alternate,
9essile, oblong lanceolate and obovate, very entire, rough, the hairs pro-
ceedingfrom elevated points. . Flowers in simple, leafy, secund racemes,
which at first are recurved, afterwards straight. Peduncles 1—2 lines
long, hispid.   Calyx  persistent;  segments acute, ciliate.  Corolla
longer than the calyx, deciduous, pubescent, yellowish; segments very
acute, connivent.  Filaments very short.  Anthers sagittate, nearly
sessile on the tube of the corolla.   Germs 4, superior.  Style filiform,
nearly twice as long  as the corolla.   Stigma simple, obtuse.  Seeds
4, of which 1 or 2 frequently prove abortive, angled on the inner sidft
glabrous, shining ; tegument bony.
  Grows in dry, sandy soils.  Common.
  Flowers May—June. 
PENTANDR1A MONOGYNIA.            227
BATSCHIA.   Gmelin.
    tHorolla   hypocrateri-
jformis, fauce nuda ?  tubo
ad basin barbatd.   Calyx
5-partitus;

   1. Gmelini.   Mich.
   B. caule foliisque hirtis,
aspenimis;  calycis  laci-
niis longis, sublartceolatis.
    Corolla  hypocrateri-
form,  with   the  throat
naked, and tube bearded
at  the  base.#    Calyx  &
parted.

  Stem  and  leaves  his*
pid,'  very  rough ;  seg-
ments  of the  calyx long,
nearly lanceolate.
   Mich. 1. p. ISO.  Pursh, 1. p. 132..
   Anon* Caroliniensis, Walt. p. 91.
   Anchusa hirta, Muhl Cat.

  Root perennial.  Stem 10—16 inches high, columnar, generally sim-
ple, several from the root.  Leaves alternate, oblong, somewhat oval,
those near  the flowers, ovate-lanceolate, entire.   Flowers axilla-
ry, nearly sessile, near the summit so much crowded as to resemble a
terminal corymb. ..Segments of the calyx linear-lanceolate, nearly aS
long as the tube,persistent.  Corolla bright orange; segments rounded,
in the throat there appears to be (I describe fr»m specimens) 5 rough-
ened tubercles, not valves, which distinguish this genus from Anchu-
sa.  Filaments very short, itiserted in the tube of the corolla.
  This is a very ornamental plant, and merits a place in every flower-
garden.
  Grows in dry soils.  Comnfon iri the middle country of Carolina j
Is rarely if ever fouud within 30 miles oi the ocean.
  Flowers in April.
     2.  Canescens.   Mich.
     B.  caule foliisque  su-
  perioribus  villosis, aspe-
\ riusculis ; calycis  laciniis
  brevibus, linearibus.
     Mich. 1. p. 130.  Pursh, 1. p. 132.
   Very similar in habit to  the preceding.  The leaves are generally
  much longer, narrow, oval, and although the upper ones are shortened
  they are generally longer than the flowers ; the whole plant  solt and
  villous, and  even to the tongue but slightly scabrous ; segments ef
  the calyx scarcely half as long as the tube,  linear or setaceous.
   Stem and upper leaved
villous, slightly roughen-
ed ; segments of the  cai
lyx short, linear. 
££g.          PENT AND RTA  MONOGYNIA.

  I have a specimen from  the upper country, sent I believe by Mr:
Herbemont, in which the leaves are less villous and the calyx smaller
than in the specimens sent by Or. Muhl. nberg from Pennsylvania.
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.
  jFlowers
CYNOGLOSSUM.  Gen. pl. 243.
   Corolla funnel-shaped,
the  throat  closed  with
arches.   Seed depressed,
affixed to  the  style  by
the interior side.
   Corolla infundibulifor-
mis, fauce clausa fornici-
bus.   Semina  depressa,
interiore   tantum  latere
stylo affixa.
   1. VlRGINICUM.
   C. hirsutissimum ;  fo-
liis  ovali-oblongis,  supe-
rioribus amplexicaulibus;
corymho terminali,  aphyl-
lo, longe pedunculato.
   Sp.pl. l.p. 162.
   C. amplexicaule, Mich. 1. p. 132.  Pursh, 1. p. 133.
  Perennial. Stem 1—2 feet high, very hispid.  Leaves less hairy,
large, somewhat scabrous.  Floivers in a small terminal corymb.  Co-
roUa blue, the throat closed by the arching of the filaments
  Grows near Columbia,  South-Carolina.  Mr. Herbemont.  In shady
moist woods.  Pursh.
  Flowers May—June.                      Hounds-tongue.
  Very  hairy  ;   leaves
oval  oblong,  the  upper
amplexicaul  ;    corymb
terminal,  leafless,  on  a
long peduncle.
PULMONARIA.   Gen. pl. 244.
   CoroUa infundibulifor-
mis, fauce pervia.  Calyx
prismatico-5-gonus.
   1. Virginica.
   P. glabra, erecta ;  fo-
liis  lanceolato-ovatis,  ob-
tusiusculis ; floribus  fas-
ciculatis,   terminalibus ;
   Corolla funnel-shaped,
throat  pervious.   Calyx
prismatic, 5
angled.
   Glabrous, erect; leaves
lanceolate-ovate,  some-
what obtuse ; flowers fas-
ciculate, terminal; corol- 
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.          229
la much longer than the
calyx.
eorollis calyce multo lon-
gioribus.    Pursh,  l.  p.
130.

   Sp. pl. 1. p. 769.  Walt. p. 9!.  Mich. 1. p. 131.
  Root perennial.  Stem glabrous, branching.  Laves alternate lan-
ceolate,  oval, and the upper  frequently ovate, all  somewhat  ob-
tuse, the upper  very  much  so, glaucous,  glabrous.   Flowers in
terminal racemes.  Calyx small, persistent, 5 parted.  Tube of the
coro la mr.ny times longer than the calyx ; border campanulate, ob-
scurely 5 lobed, violet coloured.  Stamina shorter than the corolla,
filaments inserted into the tube.  Germ superior.   Style slender,
longer than the stamens, somewhat persistent.  Stigma capitate.
  Grows along the sandy borders of the mountain streams.  Mich.
  Flowers April ?
               DIAPENS^

    Capsula   3-locularis,
3-valvis, polysperma. Co-
rolla  hypocrateriformis,
tubo brevi.   Calyx 5-par-
titUs,   basi   bracteatus.
Stylus brevis.    Stigma
3-lobum.
   i  Barbulata.
   D. foliis knceolato-cu-
ncatis, inferne pubescen-
tibus;  antheris  horizon-
talibus, basi rostratis.
  4Gen. pl.

   Capsule  3  celled,  3
valved,  many   seeded.
Corolla hypocrateritorm,
with a short tube.  Calyx
5  parted,. bracteate  at
base.   Style short.  Stig-
ma  3lobed.

     Leaves    lanceolate
wedge shaped,  and pu-
bescent at base;  anthers
horizontal, beaked at base.
   D. cuneifolia, Pursh, 1. p. 148.
   Pyxidanthei a barbulata, Mich. l.p. 152.

  Plant small, creeping, shrubby;  the branches assurgent. short, 1
flowered.  Leaves very acute, very hairy near the base; the upper
crowded near the base of the  flower.  Calyx fringed.   Flowers
small, white.  Mich.                           *
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers June—August. 
23(5           PENTANDR1A MONOGYNIA.
VILLARSIA.   Gmelin. Syst. Veg. 447.
                                  Capsule l celled, 2 val-
                               ved.  Corolla rotate; seg-
                               ments  bearded at base,
                               with  the  margins  iiiflex-
                               ed.    Stigma  2   lobed.
                               Five  glands   alternating
                               with the stamens.

                                 Leaves  cordate, very
                               entire ;  petioles bearing
  .no.   x^.                    the flowers.
  Grows in shallow streams.  Petioles 2—6 inches long, slender, gla-
brous.   Leaves about an  inch long, exactly  cordate, variegated.
Flowers in lateral clusters, bursting from the petioles near the leaf.
Peduncles an inch long.  Calyx dotted, persistent: segments lanceo-
late, acute, entire.   (orolla campanulate, membranous ; border 5
cleft; segments round.  Filaments inserted into the tube of the co-
rolla,  as  long as  the tube. Anthers erect, 4 celled,  JYeetaries 5,
hairy, inserted into the tube of the corolla, alternating with tlie fila*
ments.
  Found  in Savannah Hunt, a small stream a little below  Granby,
South-CaroHna.  Found near Augusta, by Dr. Wray.
  Flowers July—September.
   Capsula l-locularis,  2-
valvis.    Corolla  rotata;
laciniis basi barbatis, mar-
gine inflexis.   Stigma 2*
lobum.  Glandulae 5, sta-
minibus alternse.

   1. Coroata.   E.
   V. foliis cordatis,  inte-
gcrrimis ;  petiolis  flori-
fcris.   E.
   2. Trachyspermv.
   V.  foliis  peltato- reni-
formibus, subcrenatis, co-
riaceis; petiolis floriferis.
E.
  Leaves reniform, some-
what peltate, slightly cre-
nate, coriaceous; petioles
bearing the flowers.
   Menyanthes trachysperma,  Mich. 1. p. 126.
   Anon, aquatic. Walt. p. 109. ,               \*

  Root perennial.  Stem properly 0.  Leaves peltate, frequently or-
bicular, 3—4 inches m diameter, glabrous above, underneath purple,
covered with vesicular points.  Petioles very Ion-, dotted, sometimes
roughened,  blowers  clustered, bursting  from the petiole  near the
leaf   Peduncle about  2 inches long.  Calyx deeply 5 parted, persis-
tent, spotted ;  segments oblong, connivent after flowering   Corolla
1 petalled, white, marcescent, 5 cleft,  tube shorter than° the calyx,
yellow,border  twice as long; segments oblong, plaited in the middle^ 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
231
membranous along the margins.  Filaments very short, iflsertad into
the  tube of the corolla.  Anthers sagittate, erect, yellow.  Secta-
ries 5, hairy, attached to the tube of the corolla by short pedicels at-
tenuating with the filaments; hairs jointed, yellow.  Germ superior,
conic.  Styk very short. Stigma concave, (somewhat 2 lobed, Mich.)
with the margins fimbriate.  Capsu e furrowed, 1 celled, 2 valvedj
sometimes  3 ?  Seeds orbicular, compressed, roughened.
  Grows in ponds and streams, sometimes found in water 6—8 feet
deep.
  Flowers  June.
HOTTONIA.  Gen.  il.  265.
    Capsula   l-locularis.
 Corolla   hypocraterifor-
mis.   Stamina tubo co-
rollse  imposita.   Stigma
globosum.
   1. Inflata.   E.
   H.  scapis  internodiis
inflatis ; floribus pedun-
culitis ;   corollis  calyce
brevioribus ;  foliis con-
fertis, pectinatis, submer-
sis, laciniis linearibus.  r .
                            i
   H. palustris ?  Pursh,  1. p. 13&.
  Stem thick, spungy, generally submersed.  Leaves long, irregular-
ly crowded, beautifully pectinate. From the summit of the stem arise
several  (6—10) naked flower-stalks or scapes.  Scapes jointed to-
wards the summit, the space between the joints, but particularly  the
space below the flowers, inflated.   F owers verticillate,  generally 4
in each whorl. Peduncle nearly half an inch  long.   Calyx 5 parted.
Corolla white, apparently shorter than the calyx.  Capsule globose.
  From specimens sent me from Milledgeville, Georgia,  by. Dr. Boy-
kin.  Seen in the western districts of Georgia, by Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers
   Capsule 1 celled.  Co*
rolla    hypocrateriform.
Stamens inserted  on the
tube of the corolla.  Stig-
ma  globose.

   The internodes of the
scape i .flated ;   flowers
footc  dked; corolla  shor-
ter tuan the calyx : leaves
crowded, pectinate, sub-
mersed,  with -the  seg-
ments linear.
cavi
HYDROPHYLLUM.  Gen. pl. 267.
    ,apsula l-locularis, 2-  \    Capsule  1  celled,   2
valvis.   Corolla campan-  j valved.   Corolla campan-
ulata, interne striis 5, mel-  j ulate, with 5  longitudinal 
S32
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
liferis,   longitudinalibus.
Stigma 2-lidum.
   1. VlRGINlCUM.
   H. glabriusculum ;  fo-
liis  pinnatifidis  pinnatis-
que;  laciniis ovali-lance-
olatis,inciso-serratis; fas-
ciculis riorum congiomer-
atis.  Pursb, l. p. 194.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 814.  Mich. I. p. 134.
  Perennial.  Plant 2 feet high, nearly glabrous.  Leaflets lanceolate,
irregularly toothed and notched.  Clusters of flowers lateral and ax-
illary, very compact. Segments of the calyx linear.  Corolla blue.
  Grows in shaded rocky situations,  Pursh.
  Flowers May—June.
honey  bearing   streak*
within.   Stigma 2 cleft.

   Glabrous ; leaves pin-
natifid and pinnate;  seg-
ments    oval-lanceolate,
with   deep   serratures ;
clusters of flowers crowd-
ed.
LYSIMACHIA.   Gen. pl. 269.
   Corolla rotata.  Capsu-
la  globosa,  mucronata,
10-valvis.
   1.  Herbemonti.   E.
   L.  floribus  racemosis,
terminalibus,  inferioribus
verticillatis,  superioribus
sparsis ;  foliis  quaterms,
ovato-lanceolatis,  sessili-
bus, trinervibus   E..
  Root perennial.   Stem  erect, 2 feet  high, columnar, glabrous.
Leaves generally by fours, ovate-lanceolate, sessile, 3—5 nerved, tie
2 exterior generally obscure, entire, glabrous, dotted.  Flo ers in
terminal racemes, the lower flowers verticillate, the upper alternate.
Peduncles 4—6 lines long.   Calyx 5 parted ;  segments linear-laceo-
late.   Corolla 1 petalled, tube very short, segments 5, oblong-lanceo-
late, dotted, much longer than the calyx.  Filaments 5, shorter  than
the corolla, dilating and cohering at base.  Style as long as the sta-
mens.  -
  An ornamental plant which merits culture.
  Grows near Columbia, South-Carolina.  Mr. Herbemont.
  Flowers
   Corolla  rotate.    Cap-
sule globose, mucronate,
10 valved.

   Flowers in terminal ra-
cemes, the lower verticil-
late, the upper scattered;
leaves by  fours,  ovate-
lanceolate,  sessile, three
nerved. 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
233
   2.  QuADRlFOLIA.
    L.   foliis   quaternis.      Leaves by fours, ovate
ovato-acutis,    subsessili-   acute*,  nearly   sessile ;
bus;  pedunculis axillari-   peduncles   axillary,    1
bus,  unifloris, foliis bre-   flowered,   shorter  than
vioribus.   E.                the leaves.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 818.  Pursh, 1. p. 135.
   L.  punctata, Walt. p. 92.
   L.  hirsuta, Mich. l.p. 12?.
  Stem erect, columnar, hairy.   Leaves,hairy along the margin and
midrib, thickly sprinkled with glandular dots. Flowers axillary. Ped-
uncles  scarcely more than half as long as the leaves.  Segments of the
calyx small, lanceolate,  dotted, pubescent.  Corol a larger than the
calyx.   Stamens  shorter than  the  corolla. Filaments  cohering at
base.
  VarieB with the leaves proportionally longer, more acuminate, thin-
ner in  their texture; and with glandular dots, whicl are very nume-
rous and generally circular in the former variety, but in this more.
distant and  oblong, and form  small  lacunee from which the veins
distinctly originate; the peduncles too in this are generally longer.
  Grows in the middle and upper parts of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers May—July.
3. Lanceolata.   Pursh.
   L.  glaberrima ;  foliis
quaternis,   subpetiolatis,
lanecolatis, promissc acu-
minatis ; pedunculis qua-
ternis, multifloris ;   flori-
bus   summis  racemosis.
Pursh, :i. p. 759.
   Very smooth;  leaves
by fours, rather  petiolate,
lanceolate,   prominently
acuminate; peduncles by
fours,  many  flowered ;
the upper  flowers  in ra-
cemes.
  Stem erect, simple.  Segments of the corolla ovate, acute.   Pursh.
  Collected in Carolina by Catesby; described by Pursh from speci-
mens in the Herbarium of Shcrard,
   4. Ciliata.
  h. foliis petiolatis. qua- J    Leaves  petiolate,  by
ternis,  cordato-o\atis, su- | fours, cordate ovale, up-
                          n3 
234
PENTVNDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
perioribus    lanceolatis  ;   per lanceolate ;  petioles
petiolis  ciliatis;  floribus   ciliate ;  flowers nodding.

cernuis.   E.
   L. hybrida? Mich. 1. p. 12G.  Pursh, 1. p. 136.
   Walt. p. 92.
   L. quadrifolia, var. b.  Sp. pl.  1. p. 818.

  Root creeping?  perennial.  Stem 2 feet high, erect,  branching,
square, furrowed, glabrous.  Leaves opposite, the upper ones by threes
or fours, glabrous, the margins nfiely renculate; petioles 1—H inch
Ion-;, ciliate.  Peduncles 1 flowered, 2 inche* long, with  the stem and
petioles sprinkled with black dots. Segments of the calyx lanceolate,
acuminate, obscurely 3 nerved.  Tube of the corolla very short, com-
posed of a purple ring, sprinkled with yellow glands, and 5 toothed on
tiie inner side ; segments rounded, toothed, mucronate, slightly cili-
ate at base, and longer than the calyx.  Filaments inserted between
the teeth of the annular  tube of  the corolla, much shorter  than the
corolla.   Anthers erect, 2 lobed.  Germ superior, globose.  Style as
Ions; as the  stamens.  Stigma obtuse.   Seed ovate, glabrous.
  Grows in rich soils, high river swamps;  rare in  the immediate vi-
cinity of the ocean.
  Flowers June—July.
5.  QUADRIFLORV.   SllTlS.
   Leaves  opposite,  ses-
sile,   linear,  very  long;
peduncles by  fours, ter-
minal, l flowered.
   L. foliis oppositis,  ses-
silibus, linearibus,  longis-
simis;   pedunculis  qua-
ternis,  terminalibus,  uni-
floris.    Bot. Mag.  660.
   L. angustifolia ? Mich.  1. p. 128.
   L. longifolia,'Pursh, 1. p. 135.

  Stem 2—3 teet high, branching, furrowed, glabrous.  Leaves of the
stem opposite, very long, linear lanceolate, not dotted, narrowed at
base almost to a petiole, and dilated as  the base embraces the stem;
a few hairs are scattered under the dilated base ; at the extremity of
each branch 4—6 smaller leaves form a whorl.   Flowers 4—6, termi-
nal, on peduncles longer than the leaves. Segments of the calyx long,
lanceolate, acuminate.  Segments of the coro//a acuminate, slightly
crenate, longer than the calyx.  Capsule 5 ? valved.  Seeds 3 angled,
nestling in compartments in a central receptacle.
  Grows in St. John's.  Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.          235
.6.  Heterophylla.   Mich.
   L. foliis  oppositis, imis
suborbiculatis, superiori-
bus linearibus, sessilibus;
floribus ccrnuis.
    Leaves  opposite,  the
 lower  nearly  orbicular,
 the upper  linear, sessile;
 flowers nodding.
36.
   Mich. 1. p 127.  Pursh, 1. p.
   L. lanceolata ? Walt. p. 92.

  Root perennial.  Stem erect, 12—18 inches high, somewhat angled,
glabrous, branching.  Leaves as they ascend, becoming gradually
more harrow, glabrous, ciliate near the base, thick, opake.   Flowers
axillary ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, one flowered.  Segments
of the calyx lanceolate, acuminate.  Segments of the corolla scarcely
longer than the calyx, crenate, mucronate ?
  Grows  in swamps or damp clayey soils, in the middle and low
country of Georgia and Carolina, but  not  in the immediate vicinity
of the ocean.
  Flowers June—August.
ANAGALL1S.   Gen. pl.  270.
   Corolla rotate.    Cap.
sale l celled, circumscis-
scd.

   Leaves   undivided  ;
stein procumbent.
    Corolla  rotata.    Cap-
 sula  l-locularis,  circum-
 scissa.
    l.  Arvensis.
   A. foliis indivisis; caule
 procumbente.   Sp. pl. l.
 p. 821.
   Pursh, 1. p. 135.
  Root annual.  Stem 6—12 inches long, procumbent.  Leaves op-
 posite,  sessile, ovate-lanceolate, entire, obscurely  nerved,   blowers
 solitary, axillary, opposite.  Peduncle twice as long as the leaf.   Ca-
 lyx 5 parted, persistent;  segments linear lanceolate, very acute.
 Corolla 5 parted, red ;  segments  val, crenulate, longer than the ca-
lyx.  Filaments shorter than the corolla.   Germ superior.  Style  fili-
form, as long as the stamens. . Stigma simple, obtuse.
  Imported originally from Europe, now naturalized  and gradually
extending over the  United States.  Found on  Sullivan's Island.
growing freely lw*ween the sand-hills.
  Flowers June—July. 
436
PENTANDR1A  MONOGYNIA.
PHACELIA.  Juss.
                            |     Calyx 5  cleft.   Cord-
                            j  la 5 cleft.   Stamens  ex-
                            |  serted.  Capsule 2 celleoV
                            |  2 valved, 4 seeded.


                                 Leaves pinnatifid,  the
                              lobes   undivided ;    seg-
                              ments of the corolla fim-
                              briate.
        1. p. 134.  Pursh, 1. p. 140.   /

  The whole plant, but particularly the margins of the  leaves and
calyx hispid.   Root  perennial, cespitose.  Stem  assurgent, seldom
branched, 6—12 inches high.   Leaves alternate, the upper pinnatifid,
sessile, the  lower almost pinnate and petiolate.  Flowers in a simple
terminal raceme, revolute before flowering, becoming erect afterwards.
Calyx persistent.  Style  2 cleft, longer tlian the stamens.  Stigmas
simple.
  From specimens sent from Athens, Georgia, by Mr. Green,
  Flowers
   Calyx 5-fid us.   Corol-
la 5-fiila    Stamina  ex-
serta.   Capsula 2-locula-
ris, 2-valvis, 4 sperma.
   1. Fimbriata.   Mich.
   P.  foliis    pinnatifidis,
lobis  indivisis  ;  corollse
lobis margine fimbriatis.
Mich.
   Stem  square
all opposite.
leaves
        SPIGEL1A.   Gen. pl. 272.

   Corolla  infundibulifor- |     Corolla funnel shaped.
mis.    Capsula   didyma, |  Capsule   didymous,   2
2-locularis, polysperma.   |  celled,  many seeded.

   1.  Marilanoica.
    S.   caule  tetragono :
foliis  omnibus  oppositis.
Sp. pl. l.  p. 825.
   Walt. p. 92.
   Mich. 1. p. 147.

  Root  fibrous, perennial.  Stem  herbaceous, 6-20  inches  high,
branching near the base, slightly winged, towards the summit pubis*
cent.  Leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute, with the margins and
veins underneath pubescent.  Flowers in a simple, terminal? secund
raceme.  Calyx 5 leaved, persistent, leaves subulate, acute, finely
serrulate.  Corolla l petalled, tube angled,  ventricose, 5 times as
long  as  the calyx,  yellow   within, crimson   without; border
5 cleft j segments acute, somewhat  expanded. Filaments shorter 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.            237
than the corolla, inserted into the tube between the segments.  Anr
thers oblong, cordate, 2 celled, \ellow   Germ superior, ovate. Style
loiter tlian tlie corolla, jointed near its base.  Stigma simple, obtuse.
  1 have a specimen sent me by Dr. Macbride from St. John's, which
flowered in  October, with obovate, obtuse, and somewhat verticillate
leaves ; but on removing the root of the same plant to a different soil,
it bloomed the succeeding spring, and proved to be only an accidental
variety.
   Besides its  medical uses, the  Spigelia merits  a place in a flower
^a'-den as an ornamental plant.
  Grows in rich dry soils.
  Flowers May—July.               Carolina pink.  Pink-root.

  The use of this plant as a medicine was learnt by the early settlers
of  this State  from the Indians.  It is now in common use, both  on
t'lis and the  eastern continent, as a  remedy for  worms in children.
Tne whole plant is usually employed, but the  root  is believed  to
possess most power.
  The cathartic effect  is so uncertain, that it is necessary to give,
either  with or after it, some more active purgative.  The taste of the
Spigelia is sweetish or insipid.  The usual dose  for a child of seven
years  old, is  twenty grains of the powdered root.  Most physicians
in this country combine calomel with it.
  The Spigelia often acts as a narcotic or sedative, inducing stupor;
but this effect is seldom or never attended with danger; indeed,
many  physicians consider it as an evidence of the favourable opera-
tion of the  medicine.  It has  been  falsely ascribed to the roots of
some deleterious  plant, taken up with those of the Spigelia.  The
small  black fibres generally pointed out as such,  prove to be nothing
more  than the decayed roots of the  Pink, which are alwavs visible^
especially in spring, the usual time of collecting this article".


            OPHIORRHIZA.   Gen. pl.  273.

    Corolla  infundibulifor- |     Corolla funnel shaped.
mis.    Germen 2-tidum. j  Germ  2 cleft.   Stigmas
Stigmata 2.   Fructus bi- j  2.   Fruit  2 lobed.
lobus.
    1.  Mitreola.

   O.  foliis  ovatis,-sessili-|     Leaves  ovate,   sessile,
bus, marginibus scariosis.  |  with  the  margins scari-
E.                            j  ous.
    Sp. pl. l.p. 826.     Mich.  l.p. 148.
    Anon, sessilifol. Walt. p. 108.
    O. ovatifolia,  Muhl.  Cat.

  Root annual.  Stem erect,  12—18  inches high, somewhat square.
sparingly branched, scabrous near the summit, sinopth below.  Leave.* 
238           PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
opposite", appressed, rounded at base, slightly acuminate.  Flowers
in terminal and lateral  cymes ? composed of dichotomous, sccund
spikes, at first erect, afterwards recurved.   Calyx 1  leaved, ptrsist-
ent: border 5 cleft ? segments liiiear.  Corolla 1 petalled, white, de-
ciduous, not longer than  the calyx, tube very shor , t'e throat closed
with jointed hairs ; segments acute, expanding.  Filaments inserted
into the tube of the corolla, very short.  Germ superior, ovate, fur-
rowed. Styk as long as the semens.  Stigma capitate.   Capsules
2. united at the base and points, open  in  the middle,  1 celled,  not
opening.  Seeds many, ovate, small, attached to  a  receptacle on the
interior &ide of each capsule.
  Grows in damp soils.
  Flowers July—August.
   2. Lanceolata.
   O. foliis  longo-lanceo-
latis,  serrulatis,  basi  at-
tenuatis.   E.
   Leaves long lanceolate,
finely serrulate,  tapering
at base.
   Anon, petiolat.  "Walt. p. 108.
   O. Mitreola, Muhl. Cat.
  .Roof annual.  Stem 18 inches high, square, with the angles round-
ed, 4 furrowed, slightly branched, glabrous.   Leaves opposite, acumi-
nate, smooth and glaucous on the under  surface, the upper scabrous;
tapering at base to a short petiole.  Tube of the corolla purple, as long
as the calyx, the tiiroat closed with hairs; border white,  segments
acute.  Stigma capitate, not 2 cleft.
   t his has been considered by Dr. Muhlenberg as the O. mitreola,
although the specific  character, " foliis ovatis" is only applicable to
the preceding species.  It is however not improbable that the 0 Mitre-
ola of Swartz, a native of the  West-Indies, is really distinct from
both.
  Grows in damp soils. Very common.
  Flowers August—September.

                        AZALEA.
   Corolla   campanulata.
Stamina receptaculo  in-
serta.    Capsula  5-locu-
laris.   Stigma obtusum.
1. Calenivalacea.   Mich.
   Corolla   campanulate.
Stamens inserted on the
receptacle     Capsule  5
celled.   Stigma obtuse.
   A. subnudiflora; foliis
oblongis, utrinque pubes-
centibus, adultis hirsutis;
floribus amplis, non  vis-
cosis j   calycis dentibus
   Flowers rather naked;
leaves long, pubescent on
both  sides,   when  full
grown  hirsute;   flowers
large, not viscid j the teeth 
PENTANDR1A MONOGYNIA.         *239
of the calyx oblong; co-
rolla with the tulSe shorter
than the segments.
oblongis ;   corolla  tubo
hirsuto laciniis breviore.
Pursh, 1. p.  151.
   Mich. 1. p. 151.
   A. nudiflora, var. coccinea, Hort. Kew.
  A shrub 2—6 feet high.  Leaves deciduous.
Var. a. with flowers flame coloured, sometimes variegated with yellow.
    b. flowers bright yellow.
    c. flowers rose coloured.
  Grows in light sandy soils—a. on the borders of Ebenezer Creek,
and in the western districts of Georgia—b. on the higher mountains
of Virginia and Carolina—c. at the '^'ocoa  Kails, Georgia.
  Flowers April—June.
  2. Canescens.   Mich.
  A. sub nudiflora ; foliis
obovato- oblongis,   supra
pubescentibus, subtus to-
rn entosis,  nervo non se-
tigero ;  floribus non vis-
cosis,  tubo  laciniis  vix
breviore;  calycis denti-
bus hrevissimis, rotunda-
to-ootusis
staminibus
vix exertis.   Pursh, l. p.
152.
   Flowers rather naked;
leaves   obovate,  pubes-
cent  above, beneath  to-
mentose, with the  nerve
unarmed ;   flowers  not
viscid,   with  the  tube
scarcely shorter than the
segments ; the  teeth of
the calyx very short, ob-
tuse  and  rounded ; the
stamens scarcely  longer
than the tube.
 Mich. l.p. 150.
 A. nudiflora, Lin.
Flowers rose coloured.
Grows on the banks of rivers in lower Carolina.  Mich,
Flowers April—May.
   3.  Bicolor.  Pursh.
   A.  nudiflora ,•  foliis ob-
longis, utrinque  tenuissi-
me   cano-pubescentibus,
nervo non setigero ; flo-
ribus  parvis non  viscosis,
tubo laciniis vix longiore;
  Naked flowered; leaves
oblong, covered ,on  both
sides with vers*fine whi-
tish  hairs.,theaprve not
bristly; ft*) si^ra small, not
viscid, the tube scarcely 
240
PENTANOR1A MONOGYNIA.
calycibus brevissimis,  la-
cinia  unica lineari, reli-
quis quadruplo longiore ;
filamentis cxertis; ramu-
lispiloso-bispidis.  Pursh,
1. p. 153.
   A. nudiflora, var. Hcolor, Hort.

  Flowers slender"and smaller than
nearly white, with a deep red colour
  Grows on barren sandv hills, iu C
  Flowers May—June.
longer than the segments
of the corolla ;  calyx very
short, one of its segments
narrow,  and  four  times
longer than the rest; fila-
ments longer  than  the
tube;  smaller  branches
hairy and  hispid.
Kew. 1. p. 319.
the rest, of a pale rose colour, di-
ed tube.
arolina and Georgia.
   4. Nudiflora.
   A. subnudiflora; foliis
lanceolato-oblongis,   pu-
bescentibus, nervo subtus
setigero;  corollis  pilosis ;
staminibus longissime ex-
ertis.
   Flowers rather naked;
leaves lanceolate oblong,
pubescent, the nerve be-
neath
hairy ;
bristly ,
 stamens
longer than  the
the corolla.
 corolla
  much
tube of
Sp.pl. l.p. 831.  Walt. p. 97.
A. periclyhienoides, Pursh, 1. p.
15;
  A shrub 2—8 feet high, producing many stems from the root.  Stem
branching towards the summit, the young branches pubescent. Leaves
alternate, crowded  towards the summit of the branches on the new
wood, variable ovate, lanceolate and obovate, slightly mucronate, the
margins and under  surface pubescent, the  upper somewhat glabrous.
Flowers in terminal, clustered racemes, beginning to open before the
leaves are unfolded ;  peduncles about half an inch long, clothed  with
an obovate,  white,  very pubescent, caducous bracteal   Calyx  verv
small.  Tube of the corolla long, pubescent, viscid;   border 5
cleft, expanding ; segments unequal.  Filaments declining unequal,.
inserted into the base o. the germ, nearly twice as long as tne corolla.
Anthers iucujnbent, 2 lobed, opening through terminal pores.  Germ
superior, hairy.. Style longer  than the stamens.  Stigma capitate.
  This is  one bf the most beautiful plants which adorn the forests of
North America.  Some of its varieties are considered by many per-
sons as the most ornamental of our shrubs.  It has been subdivided
into several species ? three have been inserted from Michaux and
Pursh, but their characters appear to me too indistinct and variable.
I have endeavoured to establish characters on the .«•?/> and proportion 
PBNTANDR1A MONOGYNIA.
$41
of the calyx, but I found it vary so much in individuals of the same
variety as to baffle the effort, and indeed in plants so prone to vary,
we must view with caution, irregularities that may arise from soil and
exposure.
  In the Hortus  Kewensis the following  varieties art mentioned*.
which include the three preceding species.
  a. coccinea ;  flowers scarlet.
  h  rutilans ;. flowers deep red, calyx minute.
  c. carnea ;  flowers pale red, tube red at base, calyx leafy.
  d. alba ,- flowers white, calyx middle size.
  e. bicolor ; border of the flower pale, tube red, calyx small, branches
       hairy.
  f. papilionacea; flowers reddish, the lower segments white, calyx
       leafy
  g. partita; flowers flesh-coloured, divided to the base.
To  which may be added,
  h. lutea ; flowers bright yellow.
  Grows in rich, dry  soils, and along the  margins  of swamps  and
creeks.
  Flowers March-yMay.                      •


   5.  VrscosA.
   A. foliis  margine sea-    Leaves on the margin sea-
bris ;  corollis piloso-glu-   brous ; corolla hairy, glu-
tinosis  ;  staminibus vix   tinous;  stamens scarcely
corolla longioribus.    Sp.   longer than  the  corolla.
pi.  1. p.  831.
   Walt. p. 97.  Mich. 1. p.

  A shrub somewhat similar to the preceding, but not so beautiful,
3—6 feet high, young branches and dorsal nerves of the leaves hispid.
Leaves lanceolate, oval, obovate, nearly glabrous, margins roughened.
Flowers in terminal  clustered racemes.    Calyx minute.  Corolla
very hispid and viscid.  Stamens scarcely  as long  a* the corolla.
Style longer than the stamens.   Stigma capitate.        ^
  Of this species the  following varieties are enumerated in the Hortus
Kewensis, Vol. 1. p. 319.
  a. odorata; flowers white, branches diffuse* leaves deep green, and
     lucid.                                        r &
  b. vittata ; flowers white, keels flesh coloured, style long, red at the
     point, and leaves pale, ovate oblong.
  r.^sa; flowers white, divided at the base, leaves deep green, lucid.
  d.floribunda;  flowers white, leaves glaucous  underneath, style
     longer than the corolla.
  e.glauca:  flowers  white, leaves  glaucous on both surfaces,  the
     young leaves sprinkled with hair on the uppej surface.
  Grows in damp sods.
  Flowers May—July.

                            F 2 
34$          PBNTANDR1A MONOGYNIA*
PHLOX.  Gen. pl. 284.
    Corolla  hypocrateri.
form.    Filaments  une.
qual.   Stigma   3  cleft.
Calyx  prismatic.    Cap-
sule- 3 celled, l seeded.
   Corolla  hypocrateri-
formis.   Filamenta  inse-
qualia.  Stigma trifidum.
Calyx prismaticus.   Cap-
sula  3-locularis,  1-sper-
ma.
   1.  Acuminata.   Pursh.
   P.   foliis  inferioribus
spathulato-ovatis, acumi-
natis, scabriusculis,  supe-
rioribus lanceolatis ;  co-
rymbis terminalibus.   E.
   Pursh, 2. p. 730.
  Stem smooth, erect, a little roughened  near the summit* 3—5 feet
high.   Leaves thin, membranous, scabrous on both surfaces, 2—4
inches long, 1—2£ wide.  Corymbs few flowered. Calyx smaller than
usual in this genus; the segments subulate, terminating in  an awn;
Segments of the corolla rounded, purple.
  Described by Pursh from specimens collected among the mountains
of Carolina and Georgia, by Mr. Lyon.  Found also in the mountains
of Carolina by Dr. Macbride.
  I have another specimen which appears te be referable to  this spe-
cies, with smaller' leaves, very scabrous, and on the under surface
nearly hispid, found by Dr. Macbride in the upper districts of Caro-
lina.
  Flowers August—September.
   Lower  leaves  spathu-
late  ovate,   acuminate,
slightly  scabrous, upper
lanceolate ; corymbs ter-
minal.
   %.  Paniculata.
   P.   foliis   lanceolatis,
planis, margine scabris;
caule   lsevi ;   corymbis
paniculatis;   corollse la-
ciniis rotundatis; calyci-
bus aristatis.    Sp. pl. 1.
p. 839.
   Pursh, 1. p. 148.

  Root perennial.  Stem erect, 2 feet high.  leaves'opposite, the up-
per generally evate lanceolate, acuminate.   Corymbs  opposite*
   Leaves lanceolate,flat,
the   margins  scabrous;
stem  smooth;  corymbs
paniculate ;  segments of
the corolla rounded j ca-
lyx awned. 
PHNTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
248
■numerous; flowers somewhat paniculate.  Calyx pubescent? 5 cleft;
segments  tapering*to an awn.  Tube of the corolla 2 or 3 times as
long as the calyx.  Filaments unequal,  very short, inserted into the
tube  of the corolla   Anthers linear, incumbent, 2 celled.  Germ
superior, ovate.  Style filiform, nearly as long as the stamens.  Stig-
ma hispid.
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.
  Flowers June—July.
   3. Undulatv.-
   P. erecta,  glabra ;  fo-
liis   oblongo-lanceolatis,
subundulatis,     margine
scabris;  corymbis  pani-
culatis;  corolke laciniis
obovatis, subretusis ;  ca-
lycibus aristatis.    Pursh,
1. p. 143.
   Sp. pl. l.p. 840.
   P. paniculata ? Mich. 1. p. 144.
  A handsome plant, taller than the preceding species. Pursh.  Flow-
ers blue.
  Grows in vallies, among high mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers July—August.
   Erect, glabrous; leaves
oblong lanceolate, slight-
ly waved, with  the  mar-
gins scabrous ; corymbs
paniculate;  segments of
the corolla somewhat re-
tuse;  calyx  awned.
4. Pyramidalis.   Smith.
   P. erecta, glabra; caule
scabro ;  foliis   cordato-
ovatis, acutis ;   panicula
fastigiata,  pyramidalis  ;
corollse laciniis  cuneato-
ti-uncalis;   dentibus  ca-
lycinis suberectis, lanceo-
latis, acutis.  Pursh, l.p.
448.
   Smith. Exot. Bot. 2. p. 55.
   P. latifolia ? Mich. 1. p. 143.
  Grows in mountain meadows,
Pursh.  Flowers beautiful purple.
  Flowers June—August.
   Erect, glabrous; stem
scabrous ; leaves cordate
ovate, acute ,* panicle fas-
tigiate,  pyramidal;  seg-
ments   of  the   corolla
wedge shaped, truncate;
teeth of the calyx erect,
lanceolate, acute.
from Pennsylvania to Carolina' 
£44
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
   5. Cord at \.
   P. foliis oblongo-corda-
tis,  subacuminatis,  mar-
gine scabris;  corynihis
paniculatis  ;
loose aristatis.
calvcibus
 E*
                                Leaves oblong cordate,
                             slightly  acuminate,  with
                             the.  margins   scabrous;
                             corymbs paniculate; seg-
                             ments of the calyx termi-
                             nating in long awns.
  Stem erect, 1—2 feet high, smooth.  Leaves cordate, slightly auri-
oulate, taperins; to the summit.   Corymbs numerous near the summit,
somewhat paniculate.  Segments of the talyx terminating in an awn
as long as the tube.   Tube of the corolla four  times as long as the
oaJyx.
  In the structure of the corymbs this species has much aflinity to the*
P. paniculata; mit its leaves are uniformly cordate.
  Found by.Dr. Macbride in the upper districts of Carolina,
  Flowers August.
oblongo Ian-
   6.  Maculata.
   P.  foliis
ceolatis, glabris, margine
scabris;  caule scabrius-
culo ; racemo  corymbo-
so ;  dentibus  calycinis
acutis.
   Sp.pl. l.p. 840.  Walt. p. 97.
  Root perennial,
                                Leaves oblong lanceo-
                             late,  glabrous, with the
                             margins  scabrous ;  stem
                             scabrous ;  racemes co.
                             rymbose; teeth of the ca-
                             lyx acute.

                             Mich. l.p. 143.  Pursh,l.p. 149.
                Stem erect, 2 feet high, terete, sprinkled with
glandular hairs, purple dotted with green.   Leaves sessile,5ovate lan-
ceolate, acute, the margins scabrous, contracted at base into  a very
short footstalk.  Corymbs few flowered, alternate,  clustered near the
summit, of the stalk.  Calyx angled; segments  subulate, acuminate.
Tube of the ^orolla 3 or 4 times longer than the calyx; segments of
the border obovate, rounded.
  Grows in shaded places, preferring drv, rich soil6.
  Flowers May—July, sometimes in October.
   7.  Suave olens.
   P.  foliis ovato-lanceo-
latis,  undique  laevibus ;
caule glabcrrimo; racemo
   Leaves  ovate  lanceo-
late, smooth ;  stem  gla-
brous  ;  racemes  panicu- 
PENTA^DRIA  MONOGYNIA.
245
paniculato;  dentibus ca-   late; teeth of the cr.lyx
lychnis lanceolatis, acutis.   lanceolate, acute.
Sp pl. I. p. 840.
   Pursh, 1. p. 149.
   P. maculata, var. 6. Mich. 1. p. 143.
  .Root perennial.   Stem erect, 2 feet high, glabrous below, pubescent
near the summit.  Leaves very entire, the young finely  serrulate.
Segments of the calyx somewhat mucronate ; of the corolla obovate.
 Corolla white.               *
  If the plant above  described, and which £ have cultivated, is the
real P. suaveolens of the Hort. K.ew. it appears to be too  nearly al-
lied to the P. maculata;  although the stem and leaves are  more gla-
brous, and  the segments of the calyx perhaps more acuminate, the
characters are scarcely distinct enough to mark a specisa
  Found near Savannah, by Mr. Oemier.
  Flowers June—July.
  8.  Carolina.
  P.  caule pubescente;
foliis   ovato-lanceolatis,
glabris; corymbis fastigi-
atis, ramulis suhtrifloris ;
deatibusealyciiiis lineari-
lanceolatis.  Pursh#i.p.
141).
  Stem pubescent; leaves
ovate    lanceolate,   gla-
brous ;  corymbs  fastigi-
ate, the branches general-
ly  3  flowered ;  teeth  of
the calyx linear  lanceo-
late.
   Sp.pl. 1. p. 841.  exclus. syn.
   P. triflora? Mich. 1. p. 143.
    *
  Stem erect.  Leaves tapering, acute.. Branches of the corymb some-
what scattered, 3—5 flowered.  Calyx glabrous.  Segments of the
corolla rounded, purple.
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina,  Mich.
  Flowers July—September.
   9.  Nitida.   Pursh.
   P.  erecta,  glaberrima ;
caule scabro ;  foliis ova-
to-oblongis, subcoriaceis;
corymbis  fastigiatis; co-
rollse  laciniis   obovatis,
subretusis; dentibus  ca-
   Erect, glabrous;  stem
                     ovate
         somewhat coria-
ceous ;  corymbs  fastigi-
ate;  segments oftheco-
rolla obovate, slightly re*
scabrous;   leaves
oblong, 
846           VHNTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
lycinis   lanceolatis,  mu-   tuse;  segments  of the
cronatis.    Pursh,  2,  p.   calyx lanceolate,  mucro*
F30.                         .nate,
   P. Carolina, Walt. p. 96.
  Root perennial.  Stem erect, 18—24 inches high, scabrous, with the
joints unusually close.   Leaves ovate and lanceolate, nearly  cori-
aceous, 2—3 inches long, 1  wide, dark green on the upper surface,
pale underneath.  Corymbs numerous, many flowered.  Segments of
the calyx  linear lanceolate, acuminate, slightly mucronate.   Seg«
ments of the corolla obovate, dark purple.
  This  has generally been considered in this country as the P. Caroli-
na, and the synonymes under that species in the Sp. pl. from Miller
and Martyn's Cent. 10. t. 10. evidently refer to this plant.  Linnaus.
however may have united two species under his P. Carolina.
  Grows near Columbia, South-Carolina.  Mr. Herbemont.
  Flowers May—June.
   Leaves  linear  lanceo-
late,  glabrous;  stem e-
rect;  corymb  terminal,
nearly  fastigiate;  teeth
of the calyx acute.
   10.  Glaberrima.
   P. foliis lineari-lanceo-
latis, glabris ;  caule erec-
to ;   corymbo  terminali,
subfastigiata ;   dentibus
calycinis acutis.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 841.  M^h. 1. p.  142.  Pursh, 1. p. 149.
  Root perennial.  Stem erect, 1—2 feet high, very smootli.  Leaves
linear, long, very smooth, somewhat rioid, 2—3 inches long. 1—2
lines wide.  Corymbs small.  Segments of the calyx linear lanceolate,
acute ; of the corolla nearly round.                      *
  I have  a specimen with the leaves wider than the one described,
and scabrous along the margins.
  Grows in flat  pine barrens, from  Coosawhatchie to Purysburgh.
Common.
  Flowers May—June.
   11. Arirtata.   Mich.
   P.  pubescens  ;  foliis
linearibus; corymbis pau-
cifloris; calycibus longe
aristatis.
   Pubescent;  leaves  li-
near ;  corymbs few flow-
ered ;   segments of  the
calyx terminating in long
awns.
Mich. 1. y. 144.  Pursh, 1. p. 150. 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.           217
  Plant slender, erect.  Leaves linear, erect or appressed.  Tube of
tiie corolla slightly curved ; segments obovate.' Segments of the ca-
lyx terminating in an awn more than half the length of the tube of the
corolla.
  Grows in the upper country of Carolina.  Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers May—June.
   Leaves linear lanceo-
late,  very  downy,  with
the margins revolute; co-
rymbs  nearly  fastigiate,
bracteate ;  teeth  of  the
calyx subulate,  acute.
   18.  Pilosa.
   P. foliis lineari-lanceo-
latis,  pubentissimis,  mar-
ginibus revolutis; corym-
bis subfastigiatis,  bracte-
atis ;   dentibus  calycinis
subulatis, acutis.  Sp. pl.
l. p.  140.
   Mich. 1. p. 145 ?

  Root perennial.  Stem 12—18 inches high, generally erect, villous,
tinged with purple, the pubescence white.  Leaves erect, sessile, some-
what ovate, acute, scabrous, pubescent, the midrib very conspicuous,
1—2 inches long, 2—3 lines  wide.   Corymbs  nearly sessile, 5—6
flowered, surrounded by 3 or 4 ciliate leaves, as if bracteated.   Seg-
ments of the calyx subulate, very acute, hairy.; of the corolla obovate,
frequently acute, bright purple.  Style shorter than the stamens.
  Grows in moderately dry, and rich soils.  Very common in Chat-
ham county, Georgia.
  Flowers March—April.
   18.  Amcena.   Sims.
   P. hirsuta; caulibus as-
surgentibus; foliis ovato-
lanceolatis ; dentibus ca-
lycinis subulatis ; corolla
glabra, lobis obtusis.


   Bot. Magazine, No. 1308.
   P. pilosa, Walt. p. 96.
   --------Mich. 1. 145.

  Stem decumbent.  Leaves lanceolate.  Corymbs manv  flowered.
Corolla bright purple ;  segments obtuse.
  As I am only acquainted  with this  species through the medium of
the Botanical Magazine, I cannot speak of it with certainty,  ft ap-
pears to differ from P. pilosa, by its lanceolate leaves, the obtuse seg-
ments of its corolla, perhaps by the want of bracteal leaves, and the
   Hirsute;  stems assur-
gent;  leaves  ovate  lan-
ceolate ;  teeth of the ca-
lyx subulate ;  corolla gla-
brous,  with the lobes  ob-
tuse. 
243
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
colour of the pubescence, which is white in the pilosa, giving the plant
a hoary aspect.  This appears to be the plant described both by Wal*
ter and Michaux as the P. pilosa.   •
  Grows near the Santee Canal, where it was collected by Mr. Fraser,
and carried to Km rope.
  Flowers April ?—May.
   14. Divaricata ?
   P.  foliis  ovali-lanceo-
latis, superioribus  alter-
nis ;  ramulis  divaricatis,
laxH  paucifloris ;  corol-
lae laciniis subbbcordatis;
dentibus calycis subulatis.
Pursh,  J. p. i5().
                                  Leaves
                              late,   the
                              nate ;   branches  divari-
                              cate, loose, few flowered;
                              segments of the  corolla
                              slightly  obcordate ;  teeth
                              of the calyx subulate.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 841.

  Stem 1—2 feet high, nearly erect, very smooth.  Leaves remote,
sessile,  ovate, membranous.  Flo'ers in each corymb few, scattered
so as to appear solitary, particularly when  the capsules are mature.
Segments of the calyx long, subulate ; of the corolla obovate ?
  Found in the swamps of Savannah River, about 40 miles above the
city of Savannah.
  Flowers April.
oval  lanceo*
upper   alter-
   15.  Reptans.  Mich.
   P. pubescens,  stoloni-
bus  repentibus ;   foliis
spathulato-obovatis;  co-
rymbo paucifloro;  denti-
bus  calycinis  subulatis,
reflexis.
   Mich. 1. p. 14S.
   P. stolonifera, Bot. Mag. 563.
mg»
                                 Pubescent, with creep-
                                     suckers ;   leaves
                              spathulate  obovate;  co-
                              rymb few flowered;  the
                              teeth  6T the  calyx subu-
                              late, reflexed. •

                             Pursh, 1. p. 153.
  Root perennial.   Stem erect,12—18 inches high, pubescent.  St fir.
leaves oval lanceolate.  Leaves on the creeping suckers obovate, pu-
bescent.   Corymbs  few flowered.  Segments of the  fylyx subulate
pubescent. Segments of the corolla obovate, nearly rounded*
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.  Mich.  For my  anecimens
of this plant  I am indebted to  Mr. Oemier,  who  collgciefthem in
Maryland.                              *
  Flowers 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA*           S49
   16. SUBULATA.
   P. procumbens,  hirsu-
ta ;  foliis  subulatis, cilia-
tis; corymbis paucifloris ;
corollse laciniis cuneatis,
emarginatis; dentibus ca-
lycis subulatis tubo corol-
lse vix brevioribus.  Pursh,
1. p. 151.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 842.  Walt. p. 96
   Procumbent,  hirsute ;
leaves subulate, ciliate J
corymbs  few  flowered;
segments of the corolla
cuneate,     emarginate j
teeth  of  the calyx subu-
late, scarcely shorter than
the tube  of the corolla
Mich. 1. n.
  Root perennial, creeping.  Stem procumbent, assurgent, branchings
Very liairy.  Leaves about an inch long, subulate, mucronate, very
nairy; the lower opposite, fasciculate, the upper somewhat alternate.
Flowers  axillarv, somewhat  solitary, crowded so as to  resemble a
corymb.   Calyx hairy, segments linear, very acute.  Tube of the co-
rolla twice as long as the calyx ; segments of the border wedge shaped,
emarginate, of a pale rose colour, bright at base.  Style very  short.
Stigmas simple, acute.
  Grows in dry and light soils in the middle and upper|country.  Pet-
haps the most elegant species of this beautiful family.
  Flowers February—May.
   17. Setacea.
   P. procumbens, hirsu-
ta ; foliis fasciculatis, sub-
ulatis,  ciliatis;   pedicel-
lis paucis, subumbellatis;
corollse laciniis  cuneatis,
                                Procumbent,    hairy j
                             leaves fasciculate,  subu-
                             late, ciliate; pedicels few
                             flowered, somewhat urn-
                             belled ; segments of the
                             corolla  cuneate,  emargi-
                             nate ;  teeth of  the calyx
                             subulate,  much  shorter
                             than the tube of  the co*
                             rolla.
   Sp. pl. l. p. 842.  Bot. Mag. 415.
  Sfem procumbent, assurgent.  Leaves longer, and for the most part
finer and more hairy than those of the P. subulata. Flowers generally
solitary, forming small terminal corymbs.   Corolla large ; segments
of the corolla wedge shaped, emarginate.
  Found in Carolina by Mr. Fraser.
  Flowers April—May.
emarginatis; dentibus ca
lycis subulatis,  tubo  co-
rollas  triplo  brevioribus.
Pursh, l.p. 151. 
$50           EENTANDR1A MONOGlNiA*
CONVOLVULUS.
    Corolla  campanulate,
plicate.  Stigmas 2.   Cap*
side  2   celled;   cells  2
seeded.
   *  Stem  prostrate  or
not twining.

   Leaves elliptic, mucro-
nate,  somewhat  cordate
at base ; peduncles many
flowered, longer than the
leaves;  style 2 parted.
   Corolla   campanulata,
plicata.     Stigmata    2.
Capsula  s-locularis ; lo-
culis dispermis.

   *'  Caule  prostrato  vel

non volubili.

   1. Tenellus.
   C. foliis  ellipticis, mu-
cronatis, basi subcordatis;
pedunculis  multifloris, fo-
liis longioribus; stylo bi-
partite.   Sp.pl. 1. p. »6l.
   C. humistratus, Walt. p. 94.
   C. trichosanthes, Mich. 1. p. 137.  Pursh, 1. p. 143.

  Root perennial.  Stem prostrate, branching at base, hairy.  Leaves
entire, somewhat hairy, on very short footstalks.  Peduncles axillary,
twice as long as the leaves.  Flowers (generally 3—5) fasciculated at
the summit.   Bracteas 2 at the  summit  of the  common peduncle.
Calyx 5 leaved, leaves oval, acuminate, ciliate, persistent.  Corolla
campanulate, small, white, externally hairy, with  the  margin obscure-
ly 10 toothed.   Filaments 5, (sometimes 6 ?) villous, equal, inserted
into the tube of the corolla.  Anthers sagittate,  erect.  Germ supe-
rior, ovate, villous at the summit,  surrounded at base  bv a glandular
orange coloured ring.  Style longer than the stamens, deeply 2 clett.
Stigmas 2, globose.  Capsule hairy, 4 celled, each cell one seeded.
  Grows in dry sandy soils.  Very common.
  Flowers June—September.
  Of this species, which is so distinct by its  style cleft frequently to
the very base, the late Dr. Brickell of Savannah, proposed to consti-
tute a new genus.  Mr. Le Conte more correctly  considers it as the
only real Convolvulus we  possess ; yet its stigmas are globose, and
by its capsule  it approaches very  near to the genus Evolvulus.
2. Aquaticus.
C. tomentosus
Walt.
foliis
                            |     Tomentose ;  leaves
oblongo-ovatis, subsessili- |  oblong ovate, nearly ses-
bus i  pedunculis  subtri- j  sile ; peduncles general- 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.           251
floris, foliis triplo longio-
ribus ; stylo bipartito.  E.
                               ly 3 flowered, 3 times as
                               long as  the leaves ; style
                               2 parted.
   Walt. p. 94.
   C. trichosanthes, var. patens, Pursh, 1. p. 148.
  This plant has much affinity to the preceding, but I concur with
Walter, in considering them distinct.  The  whole plant is tomen-
tose ; the leaves narrower and longer ; the peduncles almost uniformly
3 flowered ; the corolla rose coldured, very hairy, and smaller than
that of the C. tenellus;  the capsule tomentose.  Their habitat too is
distinct.  This grows in damp pine barrens, and around ponds in the
middle country, in clayey soils.
  Servern county, Louisville, Georgia ; Mr. Jackson.  St. Johns, Dr.
Macbride.
  Flowers through the summer.
3. Sherardi.
 C.  humifusus,
                     pubes-
cens ;  foliis ellipticis,  u-
trinquc retusis,
tis ;  floribus
mucrona-
 solitariis,
Pursh,  2.
   Prostrate,  pubescent;
leaves  elliptic, retuse  at
each   end,   mucronate;
flowers  solitary,  nearly
sessile.
subsessilibus.
p. 730
  Described by Pursh from a specimen in Sherard's herbarium, col-
lected in Carolina by Catesby.  I have in my herbarium a specimen
collected near Louisville, Georgia, by Mr. Jackson, in which the ped-
uncles are uniformly 1 flowered, but they are as long as the leaves,
and the plant appears to be only a variety of C. tenellus, from which
this only differs by its shortened peduncles.
   Leaves  cordate  oval,
pubescent, hoary ;  stem
straight  ;   peduncles   l
flowered ;  shorter  than
the leaves.
   4. SpiTHABfJEUS.
   C. foliis  cordato-ovali-
bus, pubescentibus,  inca-
nis; caule recto; pedun-
culis unifloris, foliis bre-
\ioribus.  Sp. pl. 1. p. 873.
   Walt. p. 93.
   C. stans ? Mich. 1. p. 156.
   Calystegia spithamrea,  Pursh, l.p. 143.
  Stem erect,  branching, pubescent.  Leaves on very short petioles,
oval, pubescent, the lower slightly cordate.  Flowers solitary, axilla-
ry, on peduncles*nearly as long as the leaf.  {Bracteas much longer
than  the calyx.  CoroUa white.  Stigma oblong,  vich.)
  Grows in dry soils, Pennsylvania to Carolina.  Pursh,
  Flowers June—July. 
£58          PENTANDRIA MONOGYNlAp
5. Obtitsilobus.  Mich.
   C. caule prostrato ; fo-
liis  crassis,  sinuato-loba-
tis, emarginatis ; lobis  ro-
tundatis; pedunculis uni-
floris.
   Stem prostrate; leaves
thick,   sinuate,   lobed,
emarginate; lobes round-
ed ;  peduncles 1 flower-
ed.
   Mich. 1. p. 139.  Pursh, 1. p. 144.

  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, glabrous, branching.  Leaves
alternate, nearly hastate ; the  lateral lobes frequently bifid, obtuse,
tlie middle lobe, larger, obovate, all strongly veined, entire ; petioles
1—3 inches long.  Peduncles longer than the leaves, furnished with
two small st pules near the middle.  Calyx acuminate, without brae*
teas, lactescent.  Corolla large, white, with a yellow tube.  Filaments
much shorter  thae the corolla, tomentose at base.  Style as long as
the stamens, 2 cleft at the summit.  Stigmas 2, globose*
  Grows on the sand hills exposed to the ocean.
  Flowers August—October.
|    ** Stem twining.
   Leaves  cordate, undi.
vided;  fruit  nodding, on
thickened  footstalks.
   ** Caule volubilu
   Q.  Purpureus.
   C.  foliis  cordatis, indi-
visis ; fructibus cernuis ;
pedicellis incrassatis.  Sp.
pl. l. p. 852.
   Walt p. 93.
   Bot. Mag. No. 113.
   Ipomcea purpurea, Pursh, 1. p. 146.
  Root  annual.   Stem  twining  around small shrubs, hairy, some*
times ascending to a considerable height.  Leaves strictly cordate^
undivided, entire, slightly acuminate.  Peduncles 1—3 flowered.  Ca-
lyx hairy.  CoroUa funnel shaped, blue and purple, sometimes near-
ly white.
  Very commn in gardens, and met with occasionally around ench>
sures.  Appears to be an imported plant, not entirely naturalized.
  Flowers through the summer.                 Morning glory*
   y. Macrorhizus.
   C. foliis cordatis,  sim- 1    Leaves  cordate, sim-
plicibus   lobatisque,  ru- | pie  and   lobed,  much 
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
253
gosissimis,  subtus pubcs-   wrinkled,  pubescent  un*
centibus; pedunculis l—5   derneath; peduncles 1—5
floris.   E.                     flowered.
   Ipomcea macrorhiza, Mich. 1. p. 141.
   C. Jalapa? Sp. pl. 1. p. 860.
   Ipomcea Jalapa,  Pursh, 1. p. 146.

  Root perennial, somewhat  fusiform, very large, weighing when  old.
from  40 to 50 pounds, white, farinaceous, insipid.   Stem  twiniig
around shrubs and fences, slightly angled, pubescent. The young leaves
acute, and tomentose on tiie  under surface, the old  leaves frequently
obtuse, and slightly  muricate ;  petioles 1—2 inches long.  • Peduncles
about 3 inclies long, 1—5 flowered.  Calyx pubescent.  Corolla lar^e;
border obscurely 10 lobed, externally pubescent, white, tinged with
purple.  Filaments  unequal,  as long as the tube of the corolla, villous
and purple it base.  Styk as long as the stamens, 2 cleft at the su li-
mit   Stigmas  globose.  Capsule 9—3 valved, 2—S  celled.  Seeds
dark brown, clothed with long silky brown hairs   The whole plant
lactescent.
  Grows in the sandy soils of the Islands of Georgia and Carolina.
  Flowers June—October.

  This has been generally considered by  modern botanists as the C.
Jalapa of Linnaeus ; but while the external characters of the two plants
appear in many respects  to  agree, the medical qualities of this by
no means resemble  those of  the officinal Jalap.  We must  therefore
conclude either that modern  botanists have mistaken the pi ant of Lio-
nseus, or that climate has totally changed or destroyed its  active pro-
perties;  or, what is equally probable, that the plant producing i c
officinal Jalap lias been concealed by the jealous vigilance of the Indi-
genes from the curiosity of Europeans.
  To  Dr.  Baldwin I am indebted  for  the  following obsei v.itions
on this plant.
  " My information respecting the medical qualities of the I. macro*
rhiza, Mich, has been derived from actual experiment.  Six drams of
the pulverized root  has been  given under my notice, without producA^
any cathartic effect.  I have also subjected  the dried root to  the  test
«»f chemical analysis, and found it to contain  no resin (in which the
active powers of the officinal Jalap resides), or so small a quantity a3
not to prevent its being used as an article of diet.  It contains a area!
deal of saccharine,  along with  a considerable quantity of  farinaceous
matter.  It is  probably not more  cathartic than the C Batatas, nor
contains more  resin.  Negroes I have been informed  sometimes eat 
$54)            PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
    8. Panduratus.
    C. foliis cordatis,  inte-     Leaves  cordate, entire
 gris  lobatisve,  pandurae-   or  lobed, and  pandurse-
 formibus; calycibus lsevi-   form ; calyx  smooth.

 bus.   Sp. pl. 1. p. 850.
    Walt. p. 93.
    Mich. 1. p. 1S5.   Pursh, 1. p. 144.

   Root perennial, large, penetrating several feet into the earth.  Stem
 terete, the young branches  pubescent, the old nearly smooth.  Leave*
 sometimes-  3 lobed, entire, mucronate, pubescent, underneath slightly
 glaucous ; petioles 2 inches long.   Peduncles and calyx lactescent;
 peduncles 1—2  inehes long, 1—5 flowered,  furnished with 2 small
 stipules.   Corolla large, the border  slightly lobed, white, with a pur-
 ple tube.  Filaments very villous at base.  Stigma just cloven in two,
 globose, white.
   Grows in dry, shaded soils.
   Flowers May—August.
   The root is bitterish and somewhat astringent to the taste,  it con-
 tains some  resin, and certainly possesses some cathartic power, but
 probably in  too  slight a degree to bring it into use as a substitute
 lor Jalap as has been proposed.
   In the form of infusion or decoction it is said to be very service-
 able in gravel.  Barton'6 Collections., Part II, p. 49.
                                             Wild potato-vine.

    9.  Sagittifolius.   Mich.
   C. foliis  sagittatis,  au-     Leaves  sagittate, with
 riculis    longis,   acutis ;   the auricles long, acute;
 caule volubili;  peduncu-   stem twining; peduncles
 lis unifloris.   E.             i  flowered.
    Mich. l.p. 138.   Pursh, l.p. 144.
    C. speciosus, Walt. p. 93.

   Root  perennial.    Stem  glabrous, terete, twining  around humble
 shrubs, sometimes prostrate.  Leaves glabrous, entire ;  auricles long,
 diverging, acute ; petioles 1—2 inches long.  Flowers  axillary, soli-
 tary ; peduncles about an inch long, furnished with 2 small  bracteas.
 Coro la large, purple.   Filaments unequal, very villous at  base, not
 half as long as  the corolfa.   Anthers white.  Styk longer than the
 stamens,  2 cleft.  Stigmas  2, globose,' white.  Capsule 2—3 valvad,
 2 celled.                                                    *
   Very near to C. Wheleri; Linmeus under that species, and Michaux
 under his Sagittifolius  both refer to  the  same figure in Plukenet,
 Aim. t.  85. f. 3.  Catesby, vol. 1. pl. 35. represents this species.
   Grows  along the margins of salt  water, among rushes and saline
plants.
   Flowers through the whole summer. 
PfiNTANDRlA MONOGYNIA,
Z55
   10. Catesbeianus.
   C.  volubilis,  tomento-
sus ; foliis oblongis, sagit-
tatis, acuminatis;  pedun-
culis unifloris, foliis bre-
vioribus ; bracteis ovali-
bus, obtusis, calyce longi-
oribus.
   Calystegia Catesbeiana, Pursh
Pursh.
      Twining, tomentose;
   leaves oblong, sagittate,
   acuminate;  peduncles 1
   flowered,  shorter  than
   the leaves; bracteas oval,
   obtuse,  longer than the
   calyx.
  2. 729.
  Flowers large, purple.
  Described by Pursh from specimens in the Herbarium of Sherard j
collected by Catesby in Carolina.
   11.  Paradoxus.   Pursh.
   C. humifusus, tomen-
tosus; foliis oblongis, cor-
dato-sagittatis,    acutis  ;
pedunculis unifloris, folio
longiorious;  bracteis  a
flore remotis, linearibus ;
calycibus  nudis, glabris,
acuminatis.
   Calystegia paradoxa,  Pursh, 2, p. 729.
  Flowers large, white.
  I have inserted this species, which has been described by Pursh
from  specimens in Sherard's Herbarium, although  it is uncertain
whether they are collected in Virginia or Carolina.
  Prostrate, tomentose ;
leaves  oblong,  cordate
sagittate, acute;  pedun-
cles  l  flowered,  longer
than the leaves ; bracteas
linear,  remote from  the
flowers; calyx naked, gla-
brous,  acuminate.
   12. Repens.
   C. foliis sagittatis, pos-
tice  obtusis;  caule volu-
bili; pedunculis unifloris.
E.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 874.  Walt. p. 93.
   Calystegia sepiura, Pursh, 1. p.
                               Leaves  sagittate,  the
                            auricles   obtuse;   stem
                            twining;   peduncles   1
                            flowered.
                            Mich. l.p. 137.
                            142.
  Stem perennial ? Stem twining around shrubs and rushes, sometimes
slightly angled, pubescent.  leaves very entire, pubescent ; the auri-
des sometimes truncate; petioles S—4 inches long.  Flowers axilla- 
 256            PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

 rv, solitary ; peduncles about 3 inches  long, thickened upwards, pit*
4>esceiit.  Bracteas 2 at the  base of the calyX,  cordate ovate, acumi'
 nate. lonjrer tlian the calyx.   CoroUa white, tinged with rose colour,
 the tube long, the border obscurely 4 lobed, with the lobes emarginate.
 Filament^ equal, shorter than the corolla, hairy at base.  Germ gla-
 brous.  Sty e longer  tlian the stamens, slightly 2 cleft.  Stigmas 2,
 globose, white.   Capsuk 3 valved, 3 celled.
   Pursh mentions on the  authority of R. Brown, that the C. sepiuiri
 and repens of Linnaeus are th  same.
   Grows in swamps and marshes near the mouths of fresh water rivers.
   Flowers  April—May.


 *** Floribus aggregatis.  | *** Flowers  clustered.

   13. Tamnifolids.
   C.  foliis  cordatis,  acu-
minatis,  pilosis ;  floribus
aggregatis.
   Leaves   cordate,  acu-
minate,  hairy ;   flowers
clustered.
    Ipomcea Tamnifolia, Sp. pl. 1. p.

   Root annual.  Stem twining, around small shrubs, terete, muri-
caf'•, hairy.    Leaves  slightlv  undulate, entire,  glabrous  on  the
u;>per surface, with the margins hairy; the veins underneath muri-
catO ; petioles 2—4 inclies long.  Flowers in  capitate, dichotomous
clusters, 16—i8 flowered ; common peduncles 2-—4 inches long, niu-
ricate, hairy.  Bracteas Mi—12 leaves at  the  base  of each head, of
which the two exterior are large.  Leaves of the calyx acute, very
villous.  Corolla campanu ate, small, scarcely longer than  the calvx,
5 toothed,  blue.   Filaments unequal, half as  long  as  the  corolla.
Style as long as the stamens,  slightly 2 cleft.   Stigmas 2, globose.
Capsule almost 4 angled, 2 celled, clothed with  the calyx.  Seeds  2
in each cell.
   Grows in cultivated high lands.  Paris Island.  Augusta, Georgiai
Mr. Squibb.
   Flowers  August—October.
   I have found it  impossible to  mark by anv certain  characters the
limits which separate the genus Convolvulus "from the  Ipomcea.  The
transition from the globose, undivided stigma, to the  deeply cloven
style, is  so gradual in different species, as to render it difficult to
determine  the termination  of one genus, and the commencement of'
the other.  If we  confine the Convolvulus to those plants which have
oblong, thickened stigmas, all of our species must be  transferred to
Ipomcea.
  I have for the present transferred to the  Ipomcea  all the species
with stigmas  undivided, although sometimes furrowed, and retained
in Convolvulus those with two distinct stigmas.   This arrangement,
which is by no means satisfactory, has caused the removal of I. Tam-
nifolia and macrorhiza to  Convolvulus; and of C. Carelinus  to Ipo*
mcea. 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.          &5f
IPOMCEA.   Gen. pl.  388.
   Corolla  infundibulifor-
mis.    Stigma   capitato-
globosum.    Capsula  3
locularis.
   1. Orbicularis.  E.
   I.  foliis  orbicularis,  e-
marginatis, venosis,  gla-
bris;  pedunculis  subtri-
floris;  corolla  purpurea,
tubo brevi; caule pros-
trato.  E.
   Corolla funnel shaped.
Stigma capitate globose.
Capsule 3 celled.
                                Leaves circular, emar-
                             ginate,  strongly  veined,
                             glabrous; peduncles gen-
                             erally 3 flowered;  corol-
                             la  purple,  with  a  short
                             tube; stem prostrate.
  Stem prostrate, slightly roughened.   Leaves 2—3 inches long, cir-
cular, sometimes nearly  reniform, coriaceous, (perhaps succulent);
petioles 2—3 inches long. ■• Peduncles as long  as the petioles; partial
peduncles 1—2 inches long, all ,fumished with bracteas.  Leaves of
the calyx ovate, slightly mucronate.   Corolla large; tube short.
  This plant has been considered by many as the I. bona nox of Lin-
nreus; it may perhaps vary, but many specimens which I have receiv*
ed from  different persons agree with each other so much in general
character and appearance, and differ  so widely from  the figures to
which we are referred for the I. bona nox in the Species Plantarum,
that it appeared to me most adviseable to form of it a distinct species.
  Grows on the sands hills along the sea shore on Cumberland Island,
Georgia.
  Flowers through the summer.


   2. Bona Nov.
   I.  glaberrima  ;   foliis
cordatis, integris seu an-
gulatis; pedunculis l—3
floris;  calycibus aristatis;
corollis  indivisis,   tubo
Pursh, l,p.
   Very glabrous; leaves
cordate, entire or angled;
peduncles  1—3 flower-
ed ; calyx awned ;  coroU
la  undivided,  with  the
tube very long.
longissimo.

145.
   S... pl. l. p. 882.  Sloan's Jamaica, 1.1 96. f. 1.  Bot. Mag. 752.
  Stem prostrate, roughened,  sometimes prickly.  Leaves cordate,
more or less angled,  with a long acumination.   CoroUa large, white.
  Grows along the margins of rivers in Carolina and Florida.  Pursh.
I doubt much whether this plant has been found to the north of Flori-
da.  The preceding has probably been mistaken for it.
  Flowers July—August.

                          H 2 
S58           JBVTANPRIA MONOGYNIA*
   3.  CoCCINEA.
   I.  foliis  cordatis,  acu-
minatis,  basi  angulatis ;
pedunculis    mulufloris
Sp. pl l.  p  880.
   Walt. p. 97   Mich. l.p. 140.
   Leaves cordate, acumi*
nate,   angled  at  base;
peduncles many  flower-
ed.
Pursh, l.p. 145.
  Root annual.  Stem twining, climbing over small shrubs.  Leaves
alternate, on petioles 1—2 inches long.  Peduncles as long as the pe-
ti-d.:s, 3—5 flowered.  Calyv awned.  Coralla hypocraterifonn, scar-
let, tie plaits of apaler colour, the margins nearly entire
  Rare along the sea cost, very common in the middle country (Dr.
Macbri Ie), preferring damp, rich soils; in the corn fields* in St. Johns
ver/ common.
  Flowers through the summer.
   Leaves entire, cordate
and 3  lobed,  villous ; ca-
lyx ciliate ; capsules hai-
ry  ;  peduncles generally
2 flowered.
   4.  Trichocarp*.
   I. foliis  cordatis,  inte-
gris trilobisque,  villosis  ;
calycibus ciliatis  ;  capsu-
lis  hirsutis ;  pedunculis
sub-bifloris.
  Mich. 1. p.  ica
  Walt. p. 93.
  I. Carolina,  Pursh, 1. p.  145.
  Convolvulus Carolinus, Sp. pl.  2. p. 851.
  Dill. Hurt.  Eltham. t. 84. f. 98.

  Root annual.  Stem twining, climbing oveY small shrubs, slightly
angled, somewhat rough, hairy,   Leves  when young  generally cor-
date, the old deeply 3  lobed, with the lobes acuminate and angleo>ear
the base, the  mar-ins frequently  coloured (purple) : petioles 1—2
inches long.  Peduncles as lon^as the petioles, 1—3 flowered.  Brac-
teas 2 at each division of tiie peduncle, linear lanceolate, acuminate,
hairy, 3—o lines long. Leavos  of the calyx oblong, acuminate, cili-
ate, slightly hairy, not longer than the mature capsule.  CoroUa pur-
ple,  sometimes pink,' pubescent on the inside  near the base.  Fila-
ments alittle shorter than the corolla, pubescent at base, white.  An-<-
thers purple.  Germ villous.  Style as  long as the stamens.  Stig».a*
globose, undivided.  Capsule hairy, 4  celled, 4 valved : the trans-
verse dissepiments extending t6  the  circumference of the capsule.
Seed one in each cell.                                     *•
  Grows in dry cultivated lands, very common.
  Flowers July—October. 
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.          859
   Hirsute;  leaves  cor-
date,  3 lobed; peduncles
short,   I—3  flowered ;
calyx y^ry villous, muri*
cate,  pointed.
   5. Nil.
I. hirsuta; foliis cordatis,
trilobis; pedunculis  bre-
vibus.  t—3 floris; calyci-
bns villosissimis, nuirfca-
tis, longissme acuminatis.
   Pursh, 1. p.  146.
   Convolvulus nil, Sp. pl. 1. p. 851.  Mich. 1. p. 139,
  Root annual.  St-m twining,  hairy, climbing over small  shrubs.
Leave* cordate,  acuminate,  tiie old 3 lobed.  Peduncles shorter than
tlie petiole, I—3 flowered.  Segments  of the calyx subulate, long.
(hrollq^unnel sl-aped, white at base, blue towards the margin : tl.e
border^bs^urely 5 angled.   Stigma  undivided, globose.  Capsule,
glabrous.
  Thisplant has been considered by some of our best botanists as the
Ipomcea lacunosa, but it agrees exactly with the figure in Dill. Hurt.
Elth. t. 80. f. 92. referred to as the C.  nil, bv  Lin. while it has no
resemblance to f. 102,  t. 87. which is quoted  under Ipomcea lacu«*
nosa.
Grows in dry cultivated ground.  Very common.
Flowers August—October.
   6. Lacunosa.    *
   I. glabra; foliis corda-
tis,  acuminatis,  basi an-
gulatis;  pedunculis bre-
vibus, subunifloris;  caly-
cibs pilosis; corollis tu-
bulosis, brevibus;  capsu-
lis pilosis.   Pursh, l. p.
145.
   Glabrous; leaves  cor-
date,  acuminate,  angled
at base;  peduncles short,
generally   l   flowered;
calyx hairy;  corolla tu-
bular,  short;    capsule.
hairy.

 140.
   Sp. pl.  1. p. 881.  Mich. 1. p.
  Flowers white, with a purple rim.
  Grows in Carolina, Mich.  I have never seen in this country any
plant resembling the fiigure Dill. Hort. Elth. t. 87. f, 102. referred to.
by Linnseus as his 1. lacunosa.
   7. Dissecta.
   I. caule petiolis pedun-
culisquepilosis^imis;  fo-
liis glabris, rpartito-loba-
   Stem with p^tio'^s <md
peduncles   very   in'ry ;
leaves glabrous, 7 lobed, 
860         VF.NTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
tis, laciniis sinuatis ; ped-
unculis unifloris ; laciniis
calycis ovalibus; corollis
campanulatis.   Pursh, 1,
p.  145.
  Convolvulus dissectus, Sp. pl. 1. p. 864.J Mich 1. p.  139.
  Grows in calcareous soils, Georgia and Florida.  Pursh-
  Flowers July.
the  segments  sinuate;
peduncles   1  flowered;
segments  of  the   calyx
oval;   corolla campanu-
late.
   8.  Carolina.
   I. foliis digitatis;  foli-     Leaves digitate ;^Ieaf*
olis petiolatis; peduncu-  lets  on petiole% ; ped-
lis unifloris. Sp. pl. l. p.  uncles 1 flowered.
680.
  Cates. Car. vol. 2. p. 19. t.  19.
  From the name of this plant Linnaeus appears to have considered it
as a native of Carolina j it is  also inserted in Muhlenberg's Cata-
logue,  but  I doubt whether it has ever been found in South-Carolina
or Georgia. Catesby says expressly that it inhabits  the Bahama
islands.
  Stem twining.   Leaflets  linear-lanceolate, 5 to 7  composing each
leaf. Corolla funnel shaped, blue.
CANTUA. Juss.  Gen. pl.  152.
   Calyx 3—5 fidus. Co-
rolla   infundibuliformis.
Stigma  trifidum.  Capsu-
la supera,  3-locularis,  3-
valvis, polysperma.  Se-
mina alata.
I.  Coronopifolia.   Willd.
   Calyx 3—5 cleft.  Co-
rolla funnel shaped. Stig-
ma 3  cleft.   Capsulfysu-
perior, 3 celled, 3 valved
many  seeded.    Seeds
winged*
   C.  foliis pinnatifidis;
floribus terminalibus, ped-
unculatis,laxe racemosis;
corolla calyce triplo lon-
giore.
  Leaves pinnatifid; flow-
ers  terminal, on pedun-
cles, in loose racemes;
corolla thrice  as long as
the calyx.
Sp. pl. 1. p. 879.  Pursh, 1. p. 147.
Ipomopsis elegana, Mich 1. p. 142. Hort. Kew. l. p. 
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
861
  Root fibrous, biennial ? Stem 2—3 feet high, pubescent. Leaves ses-
sile, somewhat fasciculate, pinnatifid; segments linear, smooth, dot-
ted.  Flowers in a racemose panicle; the branches short, leafy.  Ca-
lyx tubular, pubescent; segments subulate, as long as the tube.  Co-
rolla bright red, within yellow, beautifully dotted with red.  Fila-
ments unequal, inserted near the summit of the tube, nearly as long
as the corolla.  Style as long as the stamen*.  Stigma spotted.  Cap-
sule oblong, obtuse, 3 farrowed.  Seed angular, scarcely winged.
   Few plants are seen in our gardens of equal beauty.
   Grows  in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.  Sent me
from Columbia, by Mr. Herbemont.  Found near St Marys, by Dr.
Baldwin.
   Flowers July.


              POLEMONIUM.   Gen.  pl.
   Corolla  5 parted; the
bottom closed with valves
bearing   the    stamens.
Stigma 3 cleft.   Capsule.
   Corolla 5-partita; fun*
do clauso valvis stamini-
feris.    Stigma  3-fidum.
Capsula   3-iocularis, su-
pera.
   1. Rep tans.
   P. foliis pinnatis, septe-
nis;  floribus   terminali-
bus, nutantibus.   Sp. pl.
1. p. 886.
   Pursh, 1. p. 151.  Mich. 1. p.  142.
  Root perennial, creeping.  Stem erect, 1—2 feet high, much branch-
ed, glabrous. Leaves pinnate (my specimens have  more frequently
9 and 11 than 7 on a common petiole.)   Leaflets lanceolate, acute, en-
tire, glabrous.  Calyx 5 cleft.  Filaments much shorter than the co-
rolla, dilated at  base,  inserted  i.ito the tube of the corolla.  Style
longer than the stamens.
   Grows in  the vallies of the mountains.
   Flowers.
3  celled,  superior.

   Leaves pinnate,  gene-
rally by sevens; flowers
terminal,  nodding.
CAMPANULA.   Gen. pl.
   Corolla  campanulata;
fundo clauso valvis stami-
niferis.   Stigma 3-fidum.
Capsula infera, poris late-
ralibus dehiscens.
   Corolla   campanulate;
the  bottom  closed with
valves bearing  the  sta-
mens.  Stigma  3  cleft.
Capsule inferior, opening
through lateral pores. 
363
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
1. Amplexicailis.   Mich,
   C.  caule simplici; fo-
liis cordatis. dentatis, am-
plexicaulibus;    floribus
sessili bus,  aggregatis.
   Mich.  1. p. 108.
   C. perfoliata, Sp. pl. 1. 915.
   -----------Walt. p. 100.
   Stem  simple  ;   leaves
cordate, toothed, amplex-
icaule;  flowers  sessile,
clustered.
                              Pursh, 1. p. 160.

  Root annual, somewhat fusiform.  Stem. 6—12 inches high, gene-
rally simple, erect, 5 angled, the angles retrorsely  aculeate.  Leaves
sessile,  pubescent, never perfoliate, closely embracing  the stem.
Flowers 1—5 in the bosom of each leaf.  Calyx 1 1 aved, persistent,
5 parted, sometimes 3—4 ; segments lanceolate,  acute, mucronate,
sparingly ciliate.   Corolla 1 petalled, inserted into the summit of the
germ, purple;  the border 5 cleft, segments acute.  Filaments about
half the length  of the corolla, dilated at base and closing the base of
the corolla.   Anthers erect, 2 lobed, pale purple.  Germ inferior, ob-
long, angled.   Style filiform, longer than the stamens, pubescent to-
wards the summit.  Capsule oblong, angled, 8 celled,  crowned with
the calyx,  opening  by S  lateral valves ? Seeds  ovate, slightly com^
pressed, attached to a central receptacle.
  As tlie leaves of this plant are never perfoliate, it appears to be im^
proper to retain the name  given it by Linnaeus.
  Grows in  dry cultivated ground. Very common,.
  Flowers April.
   2.  \CUMINATA.   Midi.
   C.  foliis lanceolatis, a-
cuminatis,  serratis,  gla-
bris ;   spica  fasciculata:
corollis  campanulato-ro-
tatis.   E.
   Leaves lanceolate, acu-
minate, serrate, glabrous;
spike clustered;  corolla
campanulate rotate.
   Sp.pl. 1. p. 899.  Mich. 2. p. 108.  Pursh, l.p. 159.          *

  'Root perennial.  Stem  erect, 2—3  feet high, terete, glabrous*
Leaves remotely  serrate, attenuate at base, thin, very smooth.  Flow-
ers generally by threes in the axil of each leaf; peduncles very short.
Corolla blue.  Stamens shorter than the corolla.   Style much longer*
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers July—August.
   3  DivARiciT\.   Mich.
   C.    foliis  lanceolatis,
acutis,grosse serratis, gla-
 Leaves lanceolate, acute,
with large serratures, gla- 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,          263
bris ;   paniculis  patenti-   brous;  panicle   expand-
bus ; floribus  nutantibus.   ing ; flowers  nodding.

E.
   Mich. 1. p. 109.  Pursh, 1. p.  159.
  Stem erect, 2 feet hish, glabrous.  Leaves sessile, the summit long,
tapering and very acute; a cluster of small leaves in each axil.  Pan-
icle terminal; branches  expanding, sometime*  divaricate.  Flowers
solitary, small, with small linear and subulate leaves at each division
of the pan'cle.
  Collected in the mountains of Carolina by Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers September.


   4. EltlNOIDES.
   C.   caulibus diffusis ;      Stem diffused ;  leaves
foliis  lanceolatis,  decur-   lanceolate, somewhat ser-
rentibus, lineascabra; flo-   rate,  decurrent,   with  a
ribus pedunculatis, solita-   scabrous  line; flowers on
riis.   Sp. pl.  i. p.  li7.   | peduncles, solitary.
    Bigelow, p. 54.
    C. Aparinoides, Pursh, 8. p.  109.
    C flexousa?  Mich. 1.  p. 109.   Pursh,  1. p. 159.

  Root  perennial? Stem  12—13 inches high, decumbent,  flexuous.
angled bv the decurrent leaves,  angles retrorsely aculeate.  Leaves
small, lanceolate, serrate, with the margins and midrib also retrorsely
aculeate.  Panicle distinct. Flowers small, solitary, terminal, nod-
ding.
  This specie^ agrees so exactly with the description  of the C. Erinoi-
des of  Limeus, that I strongly suspect he was  misinformed as to the
native so I of the plant, when he recorded it as an African species.  If
his C. Erinoides came really from Africa I have no doubt but this plant
is a distinct species.
  Grows in the mountains of South-Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers August.
SAMOLUS. Gen.  pl.
   Corolla hypocraterifor-
mis.    Stamina   munita
squamis corollse.   Capsu-
la l-locularis, infera.
    Corolla    hypocrateri-
 form.   Sta?nens guarded
 by the scales of  fie co-
 rolla.   Capsule l celled,
 inferur.
.  1. p.  9^7.
1. Valerandi.   Sp.  j} 
gf54?           PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
  Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, 8—12 inches high, generally sim-
ple.  Leaves obovate, obtuse, entire, tapering at  base to a footstalk
nearly an inch long. Flowers in a terminal, loose raceme.  Peduncles
about an inch long.  Flowers small, white.
  Grows in bogs and wet places.
  Flowers through the summer.
LOBELIA.   Gen.  pl.
    Calyx 5-fidus.   Corol-
 la  l-petala,   irregularis.
 Anther &      cob sp rentes.
 Capsula infera, 2—3 lo-
 cularis.
   1.  Kalmii.
   L.. caule erecto, graci-
li; foliis  radicalibus  spa-
thulato-ovatis, caulinis li-
nearibus, subintegris; ra-
cemo  terminali,  spaisi-
floro.   E.
  Sp.pl. l.p.939.
   Calyx 5 cleft.   Corol-
la  1  petalled,  irregular.
A? it hers  cohering,    and
forming a tube.   Capsule
inferior, 2—3  celled.
Walt. p. 218.
                                   Stem  erect,  slender;.
                                root   leaves   spathulate,
                                ovate, stem leaves linear,
                                nearly   entire;   raceme
                                terminal, with the flowers
                                scattei ed.
                               Mich. 2. p. 153. Pursh, 2. p. 446.

  Root perennial.   Stem 1—2 feet high, very  slender.  Stem leaves
small, linear, nearly subulate ; radical leaves spathulate, ovate, some-
times nearly orbiculate, pubescent.   Flowers small, attenuate, remote,
on peduncles 3—4 lines long.  Calyx small, tube cup-shaped ; bor-
der 4 cleft; segments subulate, longer than the tube.   Corolla 1 pe-
talled, irregular, pale blue, tube split on the upper side to the base;
border 3 cleft, the two lateral segments subulate, reflexed,  the middle
segment larger, 3 cleft, with the middle division again the largest; all
ovate, acute.  Filaments linear, pubescent, with the corolla generally
inserted into the calyx, continuing to the base of the germ.  Anthers
cohering into a tube, incurved, pale blue, at the summit very villoufe
opening along the inner surface   Germ superior,  ovate.   Style fili-
form, as long as the stamens.  Stigma compressed, villous.  Capsmk
2 valved, 2 cejled, surrounded by the  persistent calyx.* Seed nume-
rous, ovate, attached to a central receptacle.
  Grows in  damp, poor soils.
  Flow ers May—August. 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA*          £63
2. Pallida.   Muhl. Cat.
   L. caule gracili;  foliis
longe-cuneato lanceolatis,
glabris,  subundulatis, in-
ferioribus obtusis; race-
mo  paucifloro.   E.
   Stem  slender;  leaves
long,  wedge  shaped  at
base, lanceolate, glabrous,
slightly waved, the lower
obtuse; raceme few flow-
ered.
  Stem 12—18 inches high, slender, glabrous, slightly angled.  Leaves
small, remote,  lanceolate, denticulate, very smooth, the tapering base
of the lower leaves nearly 2 inches long.  Flowers remote, on slender
peduncles.  Calyx very small.  CoroUa  small,  pale blue.  Anthers
projecting beyond the tube of the corolla, pale blue.
  This species, though not noticed except by  Dr. Muhlenberg, ap-
pears to be widely diffused.   I  have specimens from Pennsylvania'';
from Tennessee, collected by Mr. Jackson ; from the low country of
Carolina; and  from St, Mary's, Georgia, collected by  Dr. Baldwin.
This last however differs in having its stems  nearly naked, and its
corolla white.
  Grows in damp soils.
  Flowers through the summer,
3. Claytoniana.  Mich.
   L. caule erecto, pubes-
cente ; foliis oblongis, ob-
tusis, serrulatis;  racemo
virgato, confertifloro.  E.
   Mich. 2. p. 153.   Pursh, 2. p.
    Stem erect, pubescent;
 leaves  oblong,   obtuse,
 serrulate  ;  raceme  vir-
 gate; flowers crowded.
44r.
  Stem 12—18  inches  high.   Leaves sessile, finely serrulate, (the
root leaves entire.  Pursh.)  Spike crowded.  Flowers small, on short
peduncles, pale  blue.   Stamens rather longer than the tube ef the
corolla.  Tube of the calyx very small.
  Grows near Columbia. Mr. Herbemont;
  Flowers July—September.
   K Glandulosa.
   L. caule erecto; foliis
lineari-lanceolatis, crassi-
usculis, denticulatis ;   la-
ciniis calycis denticulatis;
floribus racemosis.   E.
   Walt. p. 2! 8.  Pursh, 2. p. 447.
   L. crassiuscula, Mich. 2. p. 152.
                          1 2
 Stem erect; leaves linear
lanceolate,  rather  thick,
denticulate  ;   segments
of the calyx denticulate;
flowers  in racemes. 
2&(j            TENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
  Root fibrous, perennial.  Stem erect, about 2 feet high,  glabrousy
Jeafy near the base.  Leaves sessile, slightly amplexicaule, sparingly
ciliate at base.  Racemes few flowered ; a short leaf at the base of
each peduncle, linear lanceolate, dentate; peduncles 2—3 lines long,
hairy.  Tube of the calyx hairy;   segments dentate.   I wo stipules
at the base of each peduncle, terminating with a gland.  Corolla blue
the border hairy.   Filaments shorter than the corolla.
  Grows in damp pine barrens.
  Flowers September—October.
   5. Inplata.
 L. caule erecto,  hirsuto;
foliis     ovali-lanceolatis,
   Stem  erect,  hirsute;
leaves   oval   lanceolate,
serratis,hirsutis ; racemis j  serrate,hirsute; racemes
subpaniculatis ;   capsulis   somewhat    paniculate j
inflatis.   E.                   capsules  inflated.
   Sp. pl. I. p. 946. Walt. p. 218.  Mich. 2. p. 152.  Pursh. 2. p. 448.

  Root perennial.  Stem 1—2 feet high, branching.  Leaves oblong,
oval and lanceolate,sessile.  Flowers in racemes, numerous; pedun-
cles 2—3  lines long.   Calyx inflated, nerved, reticulate, glabrous.
Corolla small, pale blue.  Stamens scarcely as long as the tube of the
corolla.
  Grows in the mountains and upper country of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers July—September.

  The leaves are acrid and stimulating to the mouth, and are, with t!:c
rest of the plant, possessed of very active properties.  They may be so
managed as to act as an emetic, cathartic and narcotic, but should be
used with great caution.  According to  Dr. Thatcher they promote per-
spiration and  expectoration, and may be employed in asthma  with
much  advantage.  In Massachusetts, where this plant as a medicine
has excited much attention, it is usually given in tincture.
   6. Syphilitica.
   L. caule erecto, hirsu-
to ; foliis ovali-lanceolatis,
crenulatis; calycibus hir-
sutis,  sinubus   reflexis.
Mich. 2.  p. 151.
   Stem  erect,   hirsute;
leaves   oval  lanceolate,
crenulate ; calyx hirsute,
with the  margins reflex-
ed.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 945.     Pursh, 2. p. 447.

  Root perennial.  Stem  erect, 3 feet high, angled, the  lower part
nearly glabrous.  Leaves large, sessile, lanceolate, crenulate and ser-
rulate, the lower becoming nearly  glabrous.  Raceme leafy; ped- 
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA*          267
uncles 2—3 lines long.  Calyx hispid.  Corolla large, blue.  Anthers
projecting beyond the tube of the corolla.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers July—September.

  This planthasbeen considered as the Indian remedy for lues venerea,
but the regular practitioners who have tried it consider it as deserving
no attention in this point of view.   Dr. Barton gives it the character
of being a diuretic.
    Clothed   with   silky
down; stem erect; leaves
oblong  oval,  obtuse,  re-
pand  serrulate;  tube  of
the  calyx  villous,  with
the  margin reflexed.
   7. Puberula.   Mich.
  L.scriceo-pubens; caule
erecto ;   foliis oblongo-
ovalibus, obtusis,  repan-
do-serrulatis;  calycis tu-
bo villoso, sinubus reflex-
is.
   Mich. 2. p. 152.

  Root perennial. Stem 2 feet high, slightly angled. Leaves sessile, the
lower obovate, the upper lanceolate, finely serrulate, and possessing a
silky lustre. Peduncles 2—4 lines long, turning all to one side, bent in
the middle.  Tube of the calyx short, villous, the segments lanceo-
late, ciliate, three times as long as the tube.  CoroUa  bright blue.
Stamens and style as in the preceding species.
  This species is very nearly allied to the preceding.  It is however in
all its parts, but particularly in its corolla smaller;  its calyx is less his-
pid, its lower leaves obtuse, and its stamens nearly enclosed, while in
the L. syphilitica they are longer than the tube of the corolla.
  Varies; a. glabella ; with a stem 12—18 inches high, very smooth;
leaves linear lanceolate, obscurely denticulate ; margins of the calyx
slightly reflexed.  Seems to be an intermediate  plant between  this
species and L. glandulosa.
  Grows in damp soils.  Very  common. . Var. glabella in Chatham
county, Georgia. -
  Flowers September—October.
   8. Amcena.   Mich.
   L. caule  erecto, pubes-
cente;  foliis lato-lanceo-
latis,  duplicato-dentatis;
spica  secunda ;   calycis
sinubus erectis.   E.
   Mich. 2. p. 153.
   L. syphilitica, Walt. p. 218.
     Stem erect, pubescent;
  leaves broad lanceolate,
  doubly  toothed ;   spike
  secund;   margin  of  the
  calyx erect.

Pursh, 2. p. 44r ? 
868           PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
  Root perennial.  Stem erect, simple, 2—4 feet high, slightly augled
near the summit, pubescent, marked by the decurrent leaves.  Leaves
sessile, sometime* incised, pubescent, silky and dark green on the up-
per surface, paler below.  Racemes leafy; peduncles 3 lines long, all
turning to one side.  Tube  of the calyx 10 nerved, and the margil
firm as if bordered by a  nerve ;  segments subulate, 3 or 4 times aa
long as the tube.  Corolla bright blue.   Filaments white, as. long m
the  tube of the corolla.   Anthers blue.  Style as long as the stamens*
Stigma compressed, gaping ? hairy at base.
  Grows in damp sous, ditches, &c.  Common1.
  Flowers September—October.
   9.  Cardinalis.
   L. caule erecto ;  foliis      Stem   erect  ;   leaves
lato-lanceolatis,  serratis;   broad lanceolate,serrate;
spica terminali, secunda;   spike  terminal, secund;
staminibus corolla longi-   stamens  longer than the
oribus.                       corolla.
   Sp.pl. l.p. 944.  Mich. l.p. 151.  Walt.p.218. Pursh,2. p.448.
  Root perennial.  Stem 2—3 feet high, terete, simple, pubescent to-
wards the summit.   Leaves glabrous, tapering at base, and  sprinkled
with hairs.   Peduncles 6—8 lines long, with a leaf at the base of
each.  Tube of the calyx glabrous, slightly angled by elevated nerves j
segments subulate, twice as long as the tube.  Corolla bright scarlet.
Filaments scarlet.  Anthers sky blue. Style shorter than the stamens.
Stigma compressed, hairy at base.
  This is one of the most splendid plants of our country,  and when
flowering freely and luxuriantly, possesses singular  beauty.  As it
is a native  of the wettest  soil, it requires, when in a garden, to be
freely watered during the whole period of  its growth, unless shaded
by trees.
  Inhabits swamps and rich  damp soils.
  Flowers August—September.                 Cardinal flower.
  This plant is used, according to Dr. Barton, by the Indians for de-
stroying worms in children.
PINCKNEYA.   Mich.
    Capsula    S-locularis,
valvis   medio  septiferis.
Corolla tubulosa.    Calyx
laciniis  1—2 bracteaefor-
mibus.    Filamenta  basi
   Capsule 2 celled, bear-
ing  the  partition in  the
middle of the valves.  Co-
rolla tubular.  Calyx vtith
1 or %  segments  resen> 
PUNT AND RIA MONOGYNIA.            269
tubi inserta.
lata.

   1. PuiiENS.
Semina a-
bling bracteas.  Filaments
inserted at the base of the
tube.    Seed winged.
   Mich. 1. p. 105. t. 13.  Hort. Kew. l.p. 372.  Pursh, l.p. 158

  A large shrub, 15—20 feet high, with many stems from each root;
branches brachiate ; the younger tomentose.   Leaves opposite, large,
lanceolate, entire, slightly acuminate, shining on the upper surface
though sprinkled with  hairs, tomentose  on the lower ; petit! - a-
bout an inch long, tomentose.  Panicles terminal and  axdlary,
composed of fascicles  commonly  5  flowered.   Ca yx superior, 5
 fiarted, persistent, slightly coloured ; segments  sometimes  equal,
 anceolate, and  acuminate; frequently one and sometimes two  seg-
ments dilate into a large, ovate, veiny, rose coloured loaf; whv n 2 seg-
ments dilate they are never equal in size.   CoroUa tubular; the tube of
an obscure green colour, tomentose; border 5 parted ; segments oval,
obtuse, purple.  Filaments inserted into the base of the corolla, longer
than the tube. Anthers incumbent, 2 celled   Germ turbinate. Style
shorter than the  stamens.  Stigma obtuse.  Capsule nearly globose,
opening at the summit across the dissepiment.  Seeds flat, orbicular,
attached to a central receptacle.
  This genus is very nearly allied to Cinchona.  It differs in its calyx,
but principally by the transverse partition of its capsule.
  Grows in wet and boggy soils.  Is found from New River, South-
Carolina, along the sea coast to Florida; its southern or western li-
mit is unknown.
  Flowers May—June.
  This genus was named by Michaux in honour of Gen. Charles
Cotesworth Pinckney.
TRIOSTEUM.   Gen.  pl. 300.
    Corolla   monopetala,
 subsequalis    Calyx lon-
 gitudine corollse.   Bacca
 3-locularis, 3-sperma, in-
 fera.
   l.  Perfoliatum.
  T. foliis connatis, spath-
ulato-lanceolatis,  acumi-
natis ; floribus sessilibus,
verticillatis.   Sp.pl. l.p.
390.
   T. majus, Mich.  1. p. lor.
   Corolla  one  petalled,
nearly equal.   Calyx as
long as the corolla.  Ber-
ry 3 cellejd, 3 seeded, in-
ferior.

   Leaves connate, spath-
ulate  lanceolate,  acumi-
nate; flowers sessile, veiv
ticillate. 
#70           PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
   Root  perennial.  Stem 2—3 feet high, pubescent. Leaves large,
 spathulate lanceolate, acuminate, above scabrous, underneath tomen-
 tose, connate at  base.   Flowers sessile, verticillate.  Calyx persis-
 tent, 5 parted ; segments linear.  Co rolla purple.  Fruit a dry, hard,
 dark purple berry, crowned with the persistent calyx.
   Grows in the upper districts of Carolina!  Dr. Macbride.
   Flowers June—August.
                  Generally though incorrectly called Gentian.
   The root of this plant is both emetic and cathartic... It  is given
 generally in the form of an infusion or decoction.  It is bitter, and
 given in small doses acts as a tonic.
   Dr. Barton found it a good cathartic j  he gave the bark of the root
 in doses  of twenty and thirty grains; on some occasions it seemed to
 operate as a diuretic.  Vide Collections, Part I. p. 28.


   2. Angustifolium.
   T. foliis  connatis,  an-      Leaves  connate,  nar-
 u;usto-lanceolatis,  acumi-   row  lanceolate,  acumi-
 natis j  pedunculis oppo-   nate ;   peduncles oppo-
 sitis, unifloris.  Sp. pl. 1.   site, 1 flowered.
 p. 991.
   T. minus, Mich. 1. p. 107.

  Stem 2—3  feet  high, hairy.   Leaves spathulate, lanceolate, acumi-
nate, but much  narrower than in the preceding species, slightly sca-
brous, scarcely connate.   Flowers solitary, on short peduncles.  Co-,
rolla yellow.
  Grows in the  mountains" of Carolina.  Dr. Muhlenberg.
  -Flowers June—July.
                    CAPRIFOLIUM.

  Bacca 3-locularis, poly-     • Berry 3  celled, many
sperma, distincta.    Co-   seeded, distinct.   Corolla
rolla  tubulosa, longa, 5.   tubular, long, 5 cleft.   Ca-
fida.   Calyx 5-dentata.     lyx 5 toothed.
   1. Sempervirens.
 C. spicis verticillatis, sub-    Spikes verticillate, some*.
nudis, terminalibus; foliis   what  naked,   terminal;
ohlongis, subtus  glaucis,   leaves  oblong,  glaucous
summis  connato-perfoli-   underneath,  the   upper 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA-            %Y*
atis;  corollis  subsequali-
bus,  tubo superne ventri-
eosis.
ones connate perfoliate j
corolla nearly equal, with
the tube above ventricose.
   Mich. 1. p. 105.   Pursh, 1. p. 160.
   Lonicera sempervirens, Walt. p. 131.  Sp. pl. 1. p. 983.

  Stem perennial, twining over shrubs, and  in very rich  soils over
trees also. Leaves perennial, opposite, very entire, oval, on the upper
surface  very smooth,  on the under  glaucous and a little hairy ;
the lower  ones  petiolate, the upper  connate, obtuse.    Flowers
in verticillate spikes,  the terminal   verticils  remote,  6  flowered ;
1  or  2  glands between  each' germ.    Calyx superior, very small,
5  toothed,  persistent.   Co rolla  funnel  shaped;  border  5 cleft;
segments acute,  one division generally  deeper'  than the others.
Coro la crimson without, brighter red  within.   Filaments inserted in-
to the tube of the  corolla near the summit.   Anthers oblong, 2 lobed,
incumbent.  Germ inferior, oval.  Style as long as  the stamens. Stig-
ma capitate.   Berry scarlet.  Seed 4 in each cell, attached to a fibrous,
central receptacle (chorda pistillaris of M. Correa de Serra).
  This beautiful plant, one of the great ornaments of our woods  and
gardens, grows in all  rich soils except those which are frequently in-
undated ; in the dry spots of the river swamps, however, it  flourishes
with most luxuriance.
   Flowers April—October.    Englisii honeysuckle.  Wood-bine,
   2.  Flavum.   Sims.
   C.   spicis  verticillatis,
terminalibus; corollis rin-
gentibus;  foliis   ovatis,
subtus  glaucis,  cartilagi-
neo-marginatis,   summis
connato-perfoliatis.
   Spikes verticillate, ter-
minal ;  corolla ringent;
leaves  ovate,   glaucous
underneath, the  margin
cartilaginous,  the upper
ones connate perfoliate.
   C. Fraseri, Pursh, 1. p. 160.
   Lonicera llava, 13ot. Mag. No. 1313.

  Root perennial.  Stem twining  over  shrubs.  Leaves  oval, de-
ciduous, slightly cordate,  obtuse, sometimes emarginate,  glabrous,
glaucous underneath, veins whitish, contracted but connate at base ;
tlie upper leaves (bracteas) larger and less contracted at base. Flow-
n-s in 1—S termini heads.  Corolla at first bright  yellow, after-
wards orange, deeply bilabiate, the upper lip broader, 4 cleft, reflexed ;
the lower entire, oblong, reflexed ; the tube hairy within, very slight-
ly enlarged at base.
  This very ornamental plant was first noticed in Drayton's View of
South-Carolina,  published in 1802, p. 64, as growing on  Paris'* Moun*
tain, Greenville  ; afterwards it  was collected bv Fraser en the same
mountain, and carried to England.
  Flowers March—April. 
272
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNLW
   3. Gratum.
   C. spicse verticillis  ap-
proximatis; corollis rin-
gentibus, tubo elongato;
foliis obovatis, submucro-
natis,   subtus reticulata -
venosis,    pallidioribus,
summis   connato-perfo-
liatis.   Pursh, l. p.
 Verticils of the spike ap--
proximate ;  corolla rin-
gent,  with  tube  long;
leaves  Gbovate,  slightly
mucronate, reticulate and
paler underneath, the up-
per ones connate  perfo-
liate.
   Lonicera grata, Sp. pl.  A p. 984.
  A vine, rambling among rocks in shady, moist situations. Leav»*
perennial.   Flowers inclining to scarlet.  Pursh.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers June—September.


   4.  Parviflorum.   La Marck.
   C. verticillis subcapita-
ls, bracteolatis;  corollis
ringentibus, basi gibbis ,%
foliis   deciduis,   subtus
glaucis, omnibus  conna-
tis.
 Verticils nearly capitate,
bracteate ;  corolla  rin-
gent, gibbous  at  base;
leaves  deciduous, glau-
cous underneath, all con-
nate.
   Pursh, l.p. 161.
   C. bracteosum, Mich. 1. p. 105.
   Lonicera dioica, Sp. pl. 1. p. 983.

  Flowers yellow,  smaller than  in any of the preceding species,
Bracteas perfoliate, much larger than the flowers.  Filaments beard-
ed.  Pursh.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers June—July,
SYMPHOREA.   Juss.
   Calyx dentatus.   Co-
rolla 5-fida,  subsequalis.
Bacca coronata, 4 locula-
ris, 4-sperma, loculis in-
terdum 2 abortivis.
   Calyx toothed.   Co-
rolla 5 cleft, nearly equal.
Berry crowned, 4 celled,
4 seeded, 2. cells  some-
times abortive. 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
378
   1.  Glomerata.  Persoon.
   S.  floribus axillaribus, I    Flowers axillary, elus-
subcapitato^glomeratis.   | tered in heads.
   Pers. 1. p. 214. Pursh, 1. p. 162.
   Symphoricarpus vulgaris, Mich. 1. p. 106.
   Lonicera symphoricarpos, Sp. pl. 1. p. 989.

  Leaves broad  lanceolate,  entire, nearly sessile.  Flowers small,
very numerous.  Berries purple.
  Grows in dry soils, among the mountains.
  Flowers July—September.



        DIERVILLA.  Juss.    Gen. pl. %tt.
 Calyx oblongus, 5-fidus.
Corolla infundibuliformis,
0-fida.  Capsula oblonga,
4-locularis, polysperma.
   Calyx oblong, 5 cleft.
Corolla  funnel shaped, 5
cleft.   Capsule oblong, 4
celled, many seeded.
1. Canadensis.   Muhl.  Cat.
  Peduncles axillary and
terminal, dichotomous, 3
flowered;  leaves ovate,
sefrate,  acuminate.
   D. pedunculis axillari
bus, terminalibus, dicho
tomis, trifloris; foliis ova
tis, serratis, acuminatis.
   Bigelow, p. 56,
   D. hi tea, Pursh, l.p. 162.
   D. Tournefortii, Mich. 1. p. 107.
   Lonicera Diervilla,  Sp. pl. 1. p. 989.

  A small shrub.  Leaves on short petioles, smooth.  Flowers of a
pale yellow, small, funnel  shaped, with 5 unequal segments.  Bige-
low.
  Grows on high mountains from Canada to Carolina. Pursh*
  Flowers June—July.
VERBASCUM.   Gen. pl.  331,
 Corolla rotata,inaequalis.
Capsula  2-locularis,  2-
valvis.        ,  •
Corolla  rotate,  unequal.
Capsule 2 celled, 2  val-
ved. 
274               PENTANDBIA MONOGYNIA,
   Leaves decurrent,  to.
mentose on Wh sides;
Stem  simple.
    1.  Thapsus.

   V.   foliis  decurrenti-
 bus, utrinque  tomentosis;
 caule  simplici.   Spi?  pl.
 l.  p.  1001.
    Walt p. 95.  Pursh, 1. p. 142.

  Root somewhat fusiform, (biennial, Lin ) appears to be perennial hi
 this country.  Stem herbaceous, 2—3 feet high, succulent, tomentose,
 winged by the decurrent leaves. Leavesra.lterird.te, large, lanceolate,
 crenate, remarkably tomentose, caneecent.   Flowers crowded in a
 terminal spike, each having a small subulate leaf at the base.   Calyx
 1 leaved, campanulate, tomentose, glabrous within, persistent; border
 5 cleft; segments acute.  Corolla I petalled, yellow, tomentose on
 the outside and sprinkled  with glandular atoms, very short;  border
 5 cleft; segments unequal, obtuse, twice as large as the calyx." Fila-
 ments 5, inserted into the tube of the corolla, unequal, hairy. Anthers
 crescent shaped, 1 lobed, yellow.   Germ superior, ovate, tomentose.
^Strde bent, as long as the stamens, tomentose at base. Stigma thick,
 obtuse.  Seed somewhat turbinate, dotted, attached to a large central
 receptacle.
  $rows in dry pastures ; introduced into this country in all proba-
 bility at an early period of its settlement, now universally diffused.
  Flowers May—August.                             Mullein..
   Leaves Oblong, wedge
shaped,   naked  above;
stem angled, panicled.
   2. Lychnitis.    •

   V.   foliis  -cuneiformi-
oblongis, supra denudatis;
caule angulato,  panicula-
to.   Smith, Fl. Brit. 1. p.
250.
   Sp.pl. l.p. 1003.
   Walt. p. 95.  Pursh, 1. p. 142.                             ,
  Stem straight and angular.  Leaves very white beneath, green, v ith
a slight hoariness, above.  Flowers pale yellow; clustered on short
peduncles.  Eng. Bot. No. 58.
  Grows in Carolina.  Dr. Muhlenberg.
  Flowers June—Julyv.
   3. Blattaria.
   V. foliis amplexicauli-
bus, oblongis, glabris, ser-
   Leaves|L am plexicaule,
oblong, glabrous, serrate: 
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.           §7&
ratis;  pedunculis uniflo- |  peduncles   1   flowered,
ris, solitariis.                j  solitary.
   Smith, Fl. Brit. 1. p. 253.                            -¥
   Sp. pl.  1. p. 1005.
   Mich. l.p.  148.  Pursh, 1. p. 142.   1         '  .
  Root perennial.   Stem herbaceous, 2—3 feet high, simple, slightly
angled J pubescent   Leaves sessile,  slightly cordate, acute, rugose,
sprinkled with hairs.                •  *
   Of this plant we have two varieties.
 Var. a ; with leaves denticulate; flowers solitary, axillary, on  hairy
        peduncles nearly  an inch long ;  corolla very pale yellow";
        filamentsfeathered ,with purple hairs.
      b ; with leaves doubly setrate ; flowers sessile, frequently clus-
        tered, 2—3 in each axil ;  corolla bright yellow, purple at
        base ;  filaments beautifully feathered with purple and  white
        hairs.   Is this the  V. Claytoni of Michaux ?
  tn both varieties' the corolla is hairy on the outside, glabrous  with-
in, but sprinkled with "fascicles of hair, the hair ail terminated with a
glandular head, and the seed dotted.
  Grows in close soils, sparingly in the low country,' but  frequent in*
tlie middle and upper.districts.
  Flowers May—August.
DATURA.
   Corolla  infundibulifor-
mis,, plicata.  . Calyx tubu-
Josus,  angulatus,  decidu-
us.   Capsula 4-valvis.
   1. Stramonium.
   D. pericarpiis spinosis,
erectis, ovatis ; foliis ova-
tis,  glabris.    Sp.  pl,  1.  p.
100*8.
   Corolla funnel shaped,
plicate.    Calyx  tubular,
angled, deciduous.   Cap.
sale 4 valved,

   Pericarp  spiny,  erect,
ovate;  leaves ovate,gla-
brous.
  Root annual.   Stem 3—5 feet  high, branching, dichotomous,  te-
rete, succulent, somewhat fistulous.  Leaves alternate at the divisions
of the stem, angled, sinuate, with the angles acute, unequal at base,
sprinkled with a few hairs;  petioles 2—4 inches long.  Flowers soli-
tary in the division of the stalk; peduncles nearly an inch longj  Ca-
lyx tubular, 5 angled, deciduous, pubescent; the'border 5 cleft; seg-
ments acute, erect.Corolla purple,  sometimes white, three times as
long as the calyx,«teular at base, the border 5 toothed.  Filament^
shorter than tlie  corolla, inserted  into the tube, pubescent.  Anthers
oblong, erect, hairy, dark^irple.   Germ superior, oval; furrowed, 
276            PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
spinous, spines soft.   Style as Jong as the  stamens.  Stigma lamel-
late, 2 cleft.   CapsuU oval, spinous, 4 celled, 4 valved, opening at the
summit ;  2 cells often incomplete.   Seeds numerous, reniform, some-
what rugose, black, attached  to a large, convex, central receptacle.
  Grows in cultivated grounds, very common.
  Flowers May—September.        James-Town or Jimson weed.
                                   Tliorn-Apple.

  This plant is\an important  article of the  Materia Medical Every
part of it possesses a strongjgiarcotic  quality.
  It has been given in various forms, but the seed, in the opinion of
Professor Ives of New-Haven, contains all the medical properties*of
the plant, and is to be preferred  to the extract of the leaves, a prepa-
ration extremely variable  in  strength.  He advises" to give i or J of
a  grain of the  pulverized  seed twice a day, and to increase  the
doses  as  the  system becomes accustomed  to the  medicine until a
dilatation of the pupil of the eye takes place.  This occurrence indi-  •
cates that the system cannot bear it any longer  with  safety, and it
should be  laid aside until the  pupil regains its proper size, which takes
fdacc  very gradually, when  it may be resuirfed.   He  has found
some constitutions to bear doses of 10 grains.   This is his  mode
bf exhibiting  the  Stramonium with a view to  its alterative effects.
  The Stramonium may be used as an anodyne  and soporific  where
the 6 use of opium  is improper.  Its action seems  principally  di-
rected  upon  the nervous system, and when kept up for  a length of
time, wears down its irritability.
  In Epilepsy it has been used  probably with more advantage that
any other remedy.                               >
  In Mania,  unaccompanied with a turgescence of the,head and gene-
ral arterial excitement, it has been employed by Dr. Barton and others
with much success*.   It sometimes produces a disease of the skin.
  In spasmodic Asthma Professor Ives  gives  a dose-of the powdered
seed every hour, increasing the quantity until the patient is relieved.
He has, in some instances, given to the extent of 8 grains in four or
five  hours.  This practice has been found very successful.  Smoking
the fibres  of the root with a  view to relieve this complaint has been
 roductive, in several instances, of the worst consequences. It must
 e obvious that the Stramonium  should never  be  used internally but
with caution.
  An  extract of the leaves spread over the eye-lids produces, in an
hour or two, a dilatation of the pupils, which remains after the removal
of the  application, in some instances, twenty-four hours.
  An ointment prepared from the leaves relieves the irritation of blis-
ters and the pain of contusions.   The expressed juice of the leaves is
a very serviceable application in callous ulcers.  Travellers can make
no better  application to recent  injuries of the backs of their horses
than the bruised leaves of this plant.
  It is improper to encourage the growth of the Stramonium near the
residence  of a family, as children have often endangered their lives
by eating  the seed,
I 
PENTANDRIA, MONOGYNIA,
277
  Pericarp spinous, erect,
ovate;   leaves  cordate,
glabrous, toothed.
   2.  Tatula.
   D. pericarpiis spinosis,
erectis, ovatis;  foliis cor-
datis,   glabris,   dentatis.
Sp. pl. l. p. 1008.
   Walt. p. 94.
  This plant, generally considered in this country as the  D. Tatula
of Linnseus, is scarcely a distinct species from the preceding.  It is
 generally larger; the leaes more acutely angled, and slightly cor-
 ate; and the coroUa pale violet; but all of these characters appear
variable.
  Grows with the D. Stramonium around Charleston.
  Flowers May—September.   #           Purple Jimson weed*
ATROPA.   Gen. pl. 385.
   Corolla   campaaulata.
Stamina distantia.   Bac-
ca globosa, 2-locularis.
   1. Physaloides.
   A. caule herbaceo ; fo-
liis sinuato-angulatis ;  ca-
lycibus clausis, acutangu-
lis.   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1017.
   Nicranda physalioides, Persoon, 1. p. 219.  Pursh, 1. p. 158.
  Annual.  Stem 12—18  inches high, with many branches.  Leaves
alternate, ovate, sinuate, with the angles acute, glabrous.  Flowers
solitary, axillary, on short peduncles; angles at the base of the calyx
very acute, somewhat sagittate.  Corolla pale blue.
   Found occasionally on rich soils, around buildings.  A  native pro-
bably of Europe.
  Flowers through the summer.
   Corolla   campanulate.
Stamens distant.   Berry
globose, 2 celled.

 Stem herbaceous; leaves
sinuate,  angled ;   calys
closed,  with  the  angles
acute.
PHYSALIS.
   Corolla Totata. Stami-
na conniventia.   Bacca
intra  calycerii   inflatum
bilocularis.
   Corolla  rotate.    Sta-
mens  connivent.  Berry
2  celled, inclosed in. an
inflated calyx. 
278
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
   1. Lanceolata.   Mich.
   P. erecta,  pubescens;    Erect, pubescent; leaves
foliis ovali-lanceolatis, in-   oval  lanceolate, very en-
tegerrimis ; calycibus vil-   tire ;  calyx villous.

losis.   E.
    Mich. 1. p. 149.
    Persoon, Syn. pl. 1. p. 220.
    P. Peruviana, Walt. p. 100.                     ♦

  Root creeping,  perennial. Stem 1—2 feet high, erect, somewhat
branched, angled, very pubescent. Leaves alternate, sometimes 2 at
each division of the stem, almost tomentose, narrowed  at base into a
petiole sometimes an inch long.  Flowers  solitary, nodding.  Calyx
generally truncate, sometimes concave at base.  CoroMo«pale yellow,
marked with obscure, purple spots.
  I believe this to be the only perennial species in this country.
  Grows in dry soils, about fields, gardens, &c.
  Flowers June—August.
Much branched, branches
angular, glabrous j;leaves
ovate, dentate.
   «. Angulata ?
   P. ramosissima,  ramis
angulatis,  glabris;  foliis
ovatis, dentatis.   Sp. pl.
l.p. 1028.
   Walt. p. 99w
       •
   Stem erect, and like the whole plant glabrous.  Leaves broad, ovate,
irregularly toothed, on long slender petioles.  Flowers axillary, on
very slender  peduncles that  become long  with age.  Corolla small,
yellow, spotted at base.  Anthers pale blue.  Calyx of the fruit slen-
der, long.
  Collected near Savannah, by Mr. Oemier.
  Flowers through the summer.
i*
   3. Pennsylvania.
   P. foliis ovatis, subre-
pandis, obtusis, nudiuscu-
lis;  caule herbaceo,  ra-
moso  ;  pedunculis  soli-
tariis, petiolis pauk> longi-
oribus.   Pursh, l.p. 157.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1021,
  Stem about a foot high,  somewhat angled, and downy.  Leaves,
naked on t,he upper surface,  obscurely tomentoee on tbe under.  Ca-
                          4
 Leaves ovate,, somewfeat-'
repand,  obtuse,  naked;
stem herbaceous, branch-
ing ;  peduncles solitary,
a  little  longer,  than  the
petioles. 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
279
lyx sdhYewhat cylindrical, slightly angled. ' Corolla yellow, obscure
at the base.  Stamens yellow. .Berry small, red.  Linn.
  Grows along the sides of roads among rubbish, &c from Pennsyl-
vania to Carolina.1 Pursh,   I have seen specimens  from Pendleton,
South-Carolina, that appear to belong to this species. ■
  Flowers June—August.
   4. PRUINOSA.
   P.  divaricato-ramosis-
sima,  prostratam;   foliis
ovatis,  acuminatis,  inse-
qualiter  dentatis;  caly-
ctyus majusculis.   E.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1025.
   P. obscura,< Mich. 1. p. 149.
   Divaricate, much branch-
  ed,  prostrate;  leaves o-
  vate, acuminate, unequal-
  ly toothed ;  inflated  ca-
  lyx very large.

Pursh, 1. p. 157.
  Root annual.  Stem angled, slightly  scabrous and pubescent, at first
erect, dichotomous, expanding so widely as to become prostrate.
Leaves slightly rugose, pubescent, l---2or 3 at each division;" petioles
2—5 inches long.   Flowers solitary, axillary, nodding.  Corolla pale,
with 5 purple, villous spots' near the base. Stamens half as Ipng  as
the corolla, hairy, purple.  Anthers pale blue.   Persistent  calyx 5
angled, unusually large.
   This appears to be certainly the plant figured in Dill. Hort. Elth.
t. 9. f. 9.
   Grows in cultivated lands.
   Flowers September—November.                      ,
   Leaves  sometimes by
pairs, oval,  repand,  pu-
bescent;   stem herbace-
ous,^ towards  the sum-
mit   paniculate ;  fruit-
bearing calyx pubescent.
   5. Viscosa?
   P.   foliis  subgeminis,
ovalibus, repandis, pubes-
centibus; caujp, herbaceo,
superne paniculato;  ca-
lycibus fructiferis  pubes-
centibus.    Pursh,  l.  p.
157.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1021.   Mich. 1. p. 149.
  Root annual, somewhat fusiform.   Stem erect, 2—3 feet  high,
dichotomous, glabrous below, the young branches pubescent and vis-
cid.  Leaves alternate, generally 1 at each division of the stem, lan-
ceolate, acuminate, toothed, repand, slightly viscid and sprinkled with
hairs ; petiole 2—3 inches long.  Flowers solitary,Jin the divisions of
the stem ; peduncles 1 inch long, erect when the flower exjjands, af-
terwards nodding.  Calyx campanulate, 10 nerved, concave, at base 
280
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
pubescent.  Corolla campanulate, twice as long as the calyx, pubes.
Gent, vellow, marked near the base with 5, obscure, villous spot9. Fila-
ments"a.s long as the  corolla, inserted into its base.  Anthers  erect,
pale blue.  Germ  superior.  Style as long as the  stamens.  Stigma
capitate. Berry globose, enclosed by the inflated, 5 angled, persistent
calyx.  Seeds reniform, immersed in the pulp of the berry.
  Grows in cultivated grdunds, along roads.  Common.
  Flowers July—October.                     Ground cherry. 4
   6. Pubescens.
   P.  foliis  villoso-visco-
sis,  subcordatis ;  caule
ramosissimo; floribus so-
litariis, pendulis ; calyci-
bus  fructiferis,  subrotun-
do-globosis,     angulatis.
Sp. pl. 1. p.  1028.
   Pursh,  1. p. 157.
   P. tomentoaa ?  Walt. p. 92.
  Plant almost hispid. Leaves broad, ovate,'irregularly toothed, and
angled, slightly cordate. Peduncles shorter than the petiole.  Calyx
tomentose.
  Grows on the sandy shores of Carolina.  Pursh.  I have specimens
which appear to belong to this species collected in Pendleton county,
with the P. Pennsylvanica, by Messrs. Baker and Perry.
  Flowers June—July.
   Leaves villous, viscous,
slightly  cordate ;   stem
very   much   branched;
flowers  solitary, pendu-
lous ;  fruit-hearing calyx  '
nearly globose,  slightly
angled*
SOLANUM.   Gen. pl. 337.
   Corolla rotata.  Anthe-
f& subcoalitse, apice poro
geminodehiscentes. Bac-
ca 2-locularis.
   1. Nigrum.
   S. caule inermi, herba- |
ceo; foliis ovatis, dentato- | ceous ;   leaves'  ovate
angulatis;   racemis  dis-
tichis, nutantibus.  Sp. pl.
1. p. 1035.
  Corolla rotate.  Anthers
united,   opening  at the
point  by a  double pore.
Berry 2 celled.
Stem unarmed, herba-
toothed,  angled ;   race-
mes distichous,  nodding. 
PENTANDRIA  M6N0GYNIA*          S8i
   Var. Virginicum;  ra-  |    It varies with branches
mis  angulatis,   dentatis;  | angled,  toothed ;  leaves
foliis repandis, glabris.     | repand,  glabrous.

  Root perennial ? Stem herbaceous, erect, 2--»S  feet  high, angles
roughened; young branches- pubescent.  Leaves sprinkled with hair$
abruptly narrowed, then tapering at base \ petioles 2—3 inches long.
Flowers nodding, in umbels 3—6 flowered, between the leaves.   Ca-
lyx one leaved, persistent; tube turbinate, pubescent j border 5 cleft %
segments oval, acute.  Corolla white, inserted into the calyx, yellow
at base, pubescent; tube very short'; border 5 cleft;  segments acute,
expanding, somewliat 'reflected.   Filaments inserted into the tube of
the  corolla, short.  Flerm superior.  Styk longer than the stamens,
hairy at base, curved near  the summit.  Stigma  capitate.  Berry
black, 2 celled.  Seeds many in each cell, lenticular.
  Grows in rich, damp soil*.
  Flowers through the summer, beginning in April*
   Stem prickly, herbace*
ous ;  leaves  cordate, an*
gled and lobed, villous on
both sides and prickly.
   2.  Mammosum.
   S.  caule aculeato, her-
 baceo;    foliis  cordatis,
 angulato-lobatis, utrinque
 villosis aculeatisque.  Sp.
 pl.t.  p. 1041.
   Pursh, I. p. 156.             ,

  Annual.  Leaves equal in length and breadth, rather obtuse. Fruit
yellow, of the figure of a small inverted pear.  Linn.
  I possess  specimens collected near Louisville, Georgia, by^Mr1.
Jackson, which  may possibly belong to this species.   Leaves broad,
nearly oval, slightly angled, villous  on both sides and prickly along
the veins, sometimes obtuse at base, but  scarcely cordate, on  very
short petioles.  Stem villous and prickly.  Flowers in loose racemes,
terminal, and opposite the leaves.  Corolla pale yellow, about the
?ize of thatof the S. Carolinense.  The frpit I have not seen.
  Grows on the sea coast of Virginia and Carolina.  Pursh.
  1'lowers June—August.
   3. VlRGINlANUM.
   S. caule-erecto, aculea
to ; foliis pinnatifidis, un
dique aculeatis j  laciniis
    Stem "  erect,  prickly 3
^leaves pinnatified, prick-
 ly on all sides; segments 
882
PENTANDIITA MONOGITNfA.
sinuate, obtuse, with  the
margins   ciliate  ;   calyx
prickly.
sinuatis, obtusis, margine
ciliatis;  calycibus a*.ulea-
tis.   Sp. pl.  l. p. tOM.
   Pursh, 1. p. 156.
  Branches angled.  Prickles numerous, white.  Fruit small, greeny
ish white.
  Grows in sandy soils, from Virginia to Carolina.  Pursh*
  Flowers July.
   Stem aculeate, annual ,*
leaves  . hastate   angled,
prickly  on both sides ; lar-
cenies  loose.
   4.  CaRolinense.
   S  caule  aculearo, an-
nuo ; foliis hastato-angu-
latis,  aculeis utrinque tec-
tis; racemis laxis.    Sp.
pl. l. p.  1043.
   Mich. 1. p. 150.
  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceons, erect, 1—2 feet high ; branches
expanding, hairy,  hairs star-like ;  armed  with sharp  prickles.
Leaves ovate lanceofate, sinuate,  scabrous, the veins on each side
armed with prickles, and the leaves covered  with star-like hair.
Flowers in lateral, simple racemes, 4—7 flowered between the leaves?
Calyx hairy and aculeate.  Corolla obscure white.
  Grows in cultivated grounds.  Very common*
.  Flowers May—July.    '                      Horse-neUle>.-
SABBATJA.
9,
   Calyx 5—12  parti tu
persistens.  (*on,lla xota
ta, 5—\2 partita.   Stig-
?7/afa2,spiralia.  Ant hero?
demum revolutse. Capsu-
la l-locularis, 2-valvis.
   * Floribus albis.
   1.  Paniculata.   Mich.
   S.  ramosissima ;  pani-
cula diffusa; foliis linearis
iauceolatis $ caule subte-
   Colyx .y5—\2  parted,
persistent.    Corolla ro-
tate, 5 — 12 parted.   Stig-
mas 2,  spiral.    Anthers
finally revolute.  Capsule
 1  celled, 2 valved.
   * Flowers  white.
   Much branched; pani-
cle  diffused ;  leaves li-
near-lanceolate  ;   stem 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
383
reti; ramis alternis;  co-  I  nearly terete;  branches
rolla alba.   E.            •  |  alternate ;  corolla white.

   Pursh, 1. p. 13S.
   Chironia paniculata,  Mich. 1. p. 146.

  Stem 1—2 feet high, nearly terete, slightly marked by a decurrent
line, much and diffusely hranched ; branches alternate. Leaves linear-
lanceolate, or linear.  T  be of the calyx very snail; segments seta-
ceous, shorter than the corolla.  Corolla 5  parted ; segments lanceo-
late.   Fil<  ><-nts short.   Anthers revolute.
  Though r! -. description of Michaux applies more peculiarly to the
S. corymbo.sa,  yet as this species was certainly included, and is the'
only one to which the term paniculata is correctly applicable, I have
referred to him here.
  Grows in damp pine barrens.  Common.
  Flowers July—October.
   2.  Cmrymbosa.  Baldwin.
   S.  foliis  ovatis, acutis, '     Leaves   ovate,  acute,
arete   scs-iiibus ;   caule   closely sessiV; stem near
ly square; flowers in co-
rymbs ;  corolla  white.
 subangulato;  floribus co
 rymbosis;  corollis  albis.
 E.

    Chironialanceolata, Walt. p. 95.

   Stem erect,  nearly square ;  branches near the summit, opposite,
brachiate   Leaves somewhat amplexicaule, sometimes obtuse.   Co-
rolla generally 6  parted, much  longer than the calyx.   Stamens
generally 6.
   'his and the preceding species have evidently been confounded in
the C. lanceolata of Walter and paniculata of Michaux, yet they are
very distinct.
   f o Dr. Baldwin  I am indebted for calling my attention to the white
flowered species of Sabbatia, and pointing out'the peculiar features of
this species and the paniculata.  He has remarked also that this con-
tinues in  flower but a short time.
  It may be  worthy of remark, that  the corolla of this  species
change* in drying to a  deep orange colour, while in the others it
continues a pale white.
Varit*  (angustifolia) ;  with* leaves linear-lanceolate,  sometimes
       linear;  segments of the  calyx subulate, nearly as long as the
       cf 7  c ,2°.  this  varietJ raaJ Plobauty belong the C. lance-
       olata of Walter.                           Q
  (4rows in wet pine barrens.
  Flowers. June—July.
*   i 
§8*           PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
#* Floribus roseis.
  ** Flowers rose colour*
ed.
   Leaves lanceolate, the
upper linear;  flowers co-
rymbose :  corolla  three
times  longer   than  the
calyx.
   3. Gracilis?  Mich.
   S. foliis lanceolate, su-
perioribus linearibus; flo-
ribus corymbosis;  corol-
lis calyce  triplo  longiori-
bus.   E.
   Mich. I. p. 146.
   S. stellaiis, Pursh, 1. p. 137.
  Root annual ? Stem erect, terete, slightly furrowed, 12—18 inchea
high.  Leaves opposite, sessile, entire, somewhat fleshy, obscurely 3"
jierved,  linear near  the branches.  Flowers solitary,  on opposite,
brachiate branches,  forming a small  corymb.  Calyx turbinate )
border 5 cleft;  segments linear, much smaller than the corolla, en-
larging with  the increase of the capsule.   Corolla rotate,  tube very
short;  border 5  parted; segments obovate, obtuse;  the b.se bright
yellow, elegantly circumscribed by an angular crimson line.  Filaments
5, just as  long  as the yellow  base of the corolla, inserted  into the
tube between the segments.  Anthers oblong, sagittate, yellow, revo-
lute.  Germ superior.   Style very short, 2 cleft. Stigma oblong, ob-
tuse, spiral.  Capsule oval, glabrous.  Seeds numerous.
   Grows in- damp, saline coves, and along the edges of marshes «B
the sea islands.
   Flowers July—September,
4.  Brachiat*.   E.
S.  foliis   lanceolatis
panicula? elongata;ramis   panicle  long;   branches
brachiatis, plerumque tri-
floris ;"corollis calyce du
plo longioribus.  E.
Leaves   lanceolate
                               brachiate, generally three
                               flowered";;   corolla  twice
                               as  long as the calyx.
  Stem erect, very slightly angled.  Leaves all lanceolate.  Branches
brachiate, expanding, forming a pyramidal panicle  Segments of the
ealyx linear ianceolate.  Corolla of a bright rose  colour; petals obo-
vate.
  I have not been able to ascertain whit value can be pla'cpd onjhar*
acters take^ in this genus, from the comparative length of the calyx
and corolla  The Chironia campanulata of Linnaeus is nearly allied
to this, and more nearly to the preceding species, but is described as
having a calyx as long as the corolla.  The original specimens of the
C. campanulata were  collected in Canada by Kalm, and the jilant
snav therefore be distinct from our southern species.  I have, to avoid
confusion, relied on the description qf Liftfteeus, and considered oaf
southern species as distinct*        l 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.            285
  Grows in the middle and upper country of Carolina.
lumbia; Mr. Herbemont.
  Flowers June—August.
Near Go«
   Stem  angled, winged;
leaves cordate ovate, am-
plexicaule  ;   flowers  in
corymbs.
   5.  Angularis.
  S. caule angulato, alato;
foliis  cordato-ovatis,  am-
plexicaulibus  ;    floribus
corymbosis.   E.
   Pursh, l.p. 137.
   Chironia angularis, Sp.pl. l.p. !06r. Walt. p.95.  Mich. l.p. 146.

  Stem erect, 2  feet high, glabrous, square, the angles winged j
branches opposite, brachiate. Leaves sometimes 5 nerved, temate.
Tube of the calyx angled ;  segments 5, wide, subulate.   Corolla 5
 {»arted ;  segments oval and obovate, many times longer than  the ca-
 yx.  Filaments 5, short.   Anthers revolute, yellow.  Style longer
than the stamens.   Stigma linear, spiral.
  Grows in rich, humid soils.
  Flowers July—August.
  This plant, according to  Barton, is " commonly employed both  by
 physicians, and as a domestic remedy. Every part of the plant is in-
 tensely bitter."   He further adds, that in the year 1793 it was much
 employed  and with  much  benefit in certain stages of  the yellow
 fever.  In this State it is a common remedy  in intermittent  fever,
JEvery part of the plant is used. The S. gracilis and some of the rest
-are equally efficacious.    Incorrectly called Centaury or Gentry.
   6.  Calycosa.   Mich.
   S.  caule  erecto, pauci-
floro;  foliis ovalibus, ok
tusis, sessilibus ;  laciniis
calycis  foliaceis,  corolla
plerumque   longioribus.
E.
   Stem  erect, few flow-
ered ; leaves oval, obtuse,
sessile ;  segments of the
calyx  leafy,  frequently
longer than the corolla.
   Pursh, I. p. 138.
   Chironia calycosa, Mich. 1. p. 147.
   ------- dichotoma, Walt. p. 95.

  Stem not always erect, about 1 foot high, slightly angled; branches
very few, frequently none. Leaves closely sitting, oval, 3 nerved, thin,
membranous. Flowers terminal, frequently solitary.  Calyx generally
10 parted; segments lanceolate, leafy, sometimes not half as long as
the corolla.   CoroUa 7—10 parted, rose coloured ; segments lanceo*
late.  Anthers revolute,  Stvk twice as long as the stamens.
mas spual.            *
Stig* 
286
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
  Varies; with leaves lanceolate, and with the calyx longer or shorter
than the corolla, and probably comprehends more species than one.
  Grows in rich and wet soils, in marshes  on the  margins  of fresh
water rivers.                  ,
  Flowers June—September.
   7.  Chloroides.
   S. debilis ; foliis lance-
olatis' erectis; ramis pau-
cis   unifloris  ;    floribus
7—\% partitis, laciniis ca-
lycis  linearibus,  corolla
   Stem  weak  ;   leaves
lanceolate, erect; branch-
es few, l flowered ;  flow-
ers  7—12  parted;  seg-
ments of the calyx linear,
shorter than the  corolla.
brevioribus.    Pursh,  1.
p. 138.
    Mich. 1. p. 146.
   Chlora dodecandra, Sp. pl. 2. p. 341.
  This species, like the preceding, varies much, and probably now in-
cludes several distinct species.
Varies; a. erecta; with the stem rigid, erect; leaves linear ; corolla
           generally 10 parted, segments lanceolate.  Chironia de-
           candra, Walt. p. 95.
        b. coriacea ; with the stem erect; sparingly branched; leaves
           lanceolate, the lower ones nearly elliptical;  corolla 8
           parted, segments obovate ? very thick and coriaceous.
           From  specimens collected near St. Mary's, Georgia, by
           Dr. Baldwin.
        c. flexuosa; with the stem flexuous; leaves  linear lanceo-
           late, corolla 12 parted, segments long, lanceolate; stig*
           mas revolute ? Chironia dodecandra,  Walt. p. 95.
  In my specimens of this last variety the flower  is nearly 3 inche j
in diameter, and the stigmas distinctly  revolute.
  Grows in boi>s and around pine barren ponds.
  Flowers July—September.        *
   8. Gentianoides.
   S. foliis longis, lineari-
bus ;   floribus   axillari-
bus,  sessilibus,  supremis
confertis ; corollis subde-
cempartitis.  E.
   Leaves  long,  linear \
flowers  axillary, sessile,
the upper ones crowded;
corolla generally 10 part-
ed.
  Stem erect, slightly angled.  Leaves long (2—3 inches), linear,
acute.  Flowers  axillary and terminal, the terminal ones cluster
ed as in  some species  of  Gentian.   Calyx  campanulate;  border 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.           287
frequently 8 parted; segments subulate, rather longer than the tube.
From the base of the calyx arise two subulate bracteas, dilated at
base, and as long as the corolla.   Corolla about 8 parted, rose colour-
ed ; segments obovate, acute, twice as long as the calyx.  Stamens
short.   Anthers rather spiral than revolute.
  From specimens collected by Mr. Abbot, in Bullock county, Geor-
gia, growing in  and around the shallow pine barren ponds.
  Flowers August.
BUMELIA.   Gen.  pl. 1736.
    Corolla 5-cleft.  Necla-
' ry 5  leaved..  Drupe  i
seeded.

   Spinous, erect;  leaves
broad, lanceolate, smooth
on both sides.
   Corolla 5-fida.  Necta-
rium 5-phyllum.  Brupa
monosperma.
   1. Lycioides.
   B. spinosa, erecta ; fo-
liis lato-lanceolatis, utrin-
que glabris.    Pursh,   l.
]}.*L55.
   Sidcrox'ylon lycioides, Mich. 1. p. 122.  Sp. pl. 1. p. 1090.
   -----------lseve, Walt. p. 100.
  A  small tree, with the branches smooth and slightly flexuous.
Leaves lanceolate, on short petioles, alternate on the youno- branches,
clustered (3—6) on the old alternate buds.  Spines short and strong,
axillarv.  Flowers clustered (20—30), on the summit of the old buds.
Pduncles about half an inch  long, one flowered.  Corolla greenish
white.  Drupe, as in all the succeeding species, nearly black.
  Grows in damp soils.
  Flowers May—June.
  The wood, though not used by mechanics, is extremely hard, heavy
and irregularly grained.
   2: Reclin\ta.
   B. spinosa, diffusa ; ra-
mis, sterillbus divaricatis;
foliis  par\fulis,  obovatis,
glaberrimis.   Pursh, l. p.
155.
   SidVroxylon reelinatum, Mich. 1. p. 122.
  A small straggling shrub.
  Grows along tiie banks oflrirers in Georgia.  Michis.
  Flowers June—July.
   Spiny,  spreading; the
sterile  branches   divari-
cate ; leaves small, obo-
vate, very smooth. 
288
J*ENTANDR1A MONOGYNIA.
   3. TEN AX.
   B. spinosa;  foliis cu- [    Spiny ;  leaves  wedge
neato- lanceolatis,     pie- | shaped   lanceolate,  fre.
rumque  obtusis,  subtus j quently obtuse, silky un-
sericeo-nitentibus.        | derneath.
   Bumelia tenax. Sp. pl. 1. p. 1085.
   -------chrysophylloides, Pursh, 1. p. 155.
   Sideroxylon chrysophylloides, Mich. 1. p. 123.
   ■     ----sericeum, Walt. p. 100^
  A small tree sometimes 20—30 feet high ; young branches slender,
straight, flexible, and, as in all of the species, very diflicult to break.
The Florvers, also the mode of flowering and the drupes aVe similar in  *
all.  The leaves in this  species ai'e clothed on the under surface with
a soft, white, silky down.  .Drupes oval.
  Grows in dry sandv soils.
  Flowers June—July.
   4.  Lanuginosa   Mich.
   B-  spinosa ;   ramulis
patentissimis,  pubescen-
tibus; foliis ovali-lanceo-
latis,  subtus lanuginosis.
   Spiny ;  branches  ex-
paneling,     pubescen* ;
leaves   oval   lanceolate,
woolly on the under sur-
face.
   Pursh, 1. p. 155.
   Sideroxylon lanuginosum, Mich. 1. p. 122-
   ----------tenax ? Walt. p. 100.

  Smaller than the preceding species.  Leaves frequently obtuse «bo«
vate, clothed with a ferruginous down on the under surface.  Drupes
globose.
  Grows in light soils.
  Flowers June—July.
RHAMNUS.   Gen. pl. 358.
   Calyx tubulosus.   Co-
rolla?  squamae   stamina
munientes, calyci insertae.
Bflcca 3—4 sperm a.
   Calyx tubular.  Scales
of  the coroil& protecting
the stamens,inserted into
the  calyx.   Berry  3-—4
seeded. 
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
S8<j
   Unarmed;  leaves  al-
ternate, oval  oblong, en-
tire,   ribbed,'  glabrous ;
umbels   on   peduncles ;
flowers  all fertile.
   i.  Caroliniwus.
   H. ineiii.is ;  foliis  al
ternis,  ovali-ob!ong(is,  in-
tegriusudN,  costatis, >i
bris;  umbellis pi'dm.cu-
latis ;  floribus  oniniby«
feitili!>us.
   Walt. p. 101.  Mich. 1. p. 155.  Pursh, 1. p.-166.
   A shrub 4__6 feet high.  Lwvp* oblong lanceolate, sometimes acu»
minate, ribbed with parallel  vei is.  Flowers in small umbels 4—6
flowered on  axillary  branches, frequently tetrandrous.  Berry glo-
bose, 4 seeded.
   Grows in fertile soils.
   Flowers May—June.
Common along the sea coast.
2. Minutiflorus.  Mich.
   R. foliis opposiiis, ova-
to-lanceolatis. serratis, lu-
ci «is ;  fluiihus iniuutissi-
mis,  dioicis, in paniculis
spicatis,terminalibus.  K.
   Leaves opposite, ovate
lanceolate, serrate, lucid;
flowers very small,  dioi-
cous, in terminal, spiked
panicles.
   Mich. 1. p. 154.  Pursh, 1. p. 166.

  A shrub  6—8 feet high, much branched.  Leaves nearly sessile,
sometimes acuminate, small,  shining, veiny, not  ribbed.  Flowers
very minute, sessile, Am my specimens opposite), (alternate, Mich.) in
small terminal panicles, pentandrous.  [Style 3 cleft.  Berry 3 seed-
ed.  Mich.)
  The great difference in the habit of these two plants renders it pro-
bable that they do not belong to the same uenus; but I have had no op-
portunity of examining this species, having only seen it once, imper-
fectly in flower, in Michaux's old garden, near  Charleston.
  Grows alon<^ tlie sea coast from Carolina to Florida.  Mich.
  Flowers October—.November.
Z1ZYPHUS.
   Calyx tubujosus.   Co.
rolla;   squamae  stamina
munientes,calyci inserta?.
Dvupa  nuce mono  vel
disperma.
   Calyx tubular.  Scales
of the corolla protecting
tbe stamens, inserted in-
to the calyx.  Drupe with
the nut l or % seeded.
M 2 
290
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
1. VOLUBILIS.
Z. inermis ; foliis ova-
   Unarmed ;  leaves  o-
vate,  ribbed, very cm ire,
slightly  undulate ;   um-
bels on peduncles, axilla-
ry ; stem twining.
tis, costatis, integerrimis,
subundulatis  ;   umbellis
pedunculatis,  axillaribus;
caule volubili.  Sp. pl. l.
p. 1102.
   Pursh, 1. p. 188.
   Rhamnus volubilis, Walt. p. 101.  Mich. 1. p. 153.

  Stem twining over shrubs arid small trees, with manv small branches.
Leaves alternate, oval  and ovate, acute, glabrous. Flowers in small
umbels or racemes, axillary and  terminal, dioicous.  Drupe oval,
generally one seeded, purple.
  In the  structure of  its leaves and in its mode of flowering, very
nearly allied to the Rhamnus Carolinianus, from which it has been sepa-
rated perhaps unnecessarily  on account of its fruit.
  Grows in  damp, rich clayey soils. The stem when green is very
flexible and  totfgh.
  Flowers May—June.                          Supple Jack.


            CEANOTHUS    Gen. pl.  361.
  Petala 5, saccata, forni-
cata.   Bacca (capsula ?)
sicca, 3-locularis, 3-sper-
ma.
   l.
   C.
latis,
       4.MERICANUS.
       foliis ovato-lanceo-
       acutis,  triplinervi-
bus, serratis, pilosis; pan-
iculis  axillaribus,  longe
pedunculatis.    E.
                                  Petals 5, sack-like and
                               arched.   Berry (or cap-
                               sule?)  dry,  3  celled,  3
                               seeded.


                                  Leaves  ovate  lanceo-
                               late, triply  nerved, acute,
                               serrate,  hairy ;  panicles
                               axillary, on long pedun-
                               cles.
   Sp. pl. 1. p.   Walt. p. 101. Mich. 1. p. 154. Pursh, 1 p. 167.

  Root very large for tbe size of the plant, dark red.  Stem frutes-
cent, 2—5 feet high, the young branches pubescent.  Leaves 2 inches
long, 1 wide, acutely serrate, nerved, the veins underneath very hairy
but scarcely tomentose ;  petioles half an inch long, pubescent.  The
common peduncles longer than the leaves, pubescent; the partial half
an inch long, glabrous.  Panicle composed of clustered racemes. Ca
lyoc turbinate,persistent, white : border 5 cleft; the segments acute,
intlexed.  Petals white,  deciduous, clawed, compressed, obtuse, in-
serted mto the calyx between the segments, enclosing the stamens, 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.           891
Filaments short, incurved, inserted into the base of the petals.  An-
thers nearly globular, incumbent, reflexed, 2 celled.  Germ 3 angled,
the base clothed by the calyx, the upper part surrounded by a purplish,
dentate, nectariferous ? ring.  Style  as long as the stamens, 3 cleft.
Stigmas simple, obtuse.  Berry? dry, S angled, obtuse, hollowed  at
the summit, 3 celled.  Seed one in each cell, oval, slightly angled on
the inner side.
  Grows in light soils.
  Flowers  May—July.           Red-root  New-Jersey tea-tree.
  The bark of the root is intensely astringent, and may be used  in
all cases where tiie use of astringents is indicated, in the form of in-
fusion, tincture or powder.  It is of a dark red colour,  which it im-
pai ts to water or alcohol.
2. Intermedics ?   Muhl. Cat.
   C. foliis  parvulis, lan-
ceolatis,  serratis,  parce
pilosis;  racemis  panicu-
latis,  axillaribus,  longe
pedunculatis.   E.
                                 Leaves small, lanceo-
                              late,    serrate,   slightly
                              hairy;  racemes  panicu-
                              late,  axillary,  on  long
                              peduncles,
   Pursh, I. p. 167.
  In habit very similar to the preceding species, but every way smal-
ler.  The leaves 6—8 lines long, 2—4 wide, slightly serrate, strictly
lanceolate, 3 nerved, hairy along the nerves.  Panicle small, and the
racemes almost simple.
  From specimens collected near the Oconee, Georgia, by Mr. Jackson.
  Fhvwers
   3.  Perennis.   Pursh.
   C.  foliis ovalibus, sub-
ser ulatis, glabris ; pani-
culis  thvrsoideis,  termi-
nalibus    axillaribusque.
Pursh. l. p. 167.
  Leaves as lar^e as those of the C.
generally die down to root every w
  Grows on rocks near rivers, in V
  Flowers May.
    Leaves  oval,  slightly
 serrulate, glabrous; pan-
 icles thyrsus formed, ter-
 minal and axillary.

 Americanus, but glabrous.  Steins
inter.   Pursh.
irginia and Carolina.
4. Microphallus.   Mich.
   C.  foliis minutis, obo-
vatis, integriusculis, fasci-
   Leaves  very small, o-
bovate,  nearly   entire. 
£92           PENTANDRIA MONOGYNT\.
ciliatis, glabris ;  racemis
corymbosis, terminalibus,
E.
clustered,  glabrous;  ra-
cemes corymbose, termi-
nal.
   Mich. 1. p. 154.  Pursh, 1. p. 167.
  Stems many from each root, 1—2 feet high, branches long, slender
bvit  straii^it,*all smooth a.ul yellow   Leaves very small, chstered,
glabrous, 3 nerved, ob vatL», so-neiimes  when young, sparingly tooth-
ed.   Uaceme* simple, clustered, resem'dwig corymbs.
  R't••"•', as in all id'the sf.^.-ies, verv large.'
  Grows in drv pine '•asre.is, in Chatham county, Georgia, common.
  Flowers early in April.
Gen. pl. 373.
    i 'orolla   5
petalled.
            EUONYMUS.

   Corolla 5-petala.  Cap-
sula  5-gona,  3—5-locu-
laris, Z-5 valvis. colorata.
Semina calyptrata.
   1. America*nits.
   E. ramis  4-angulatis ;
foliis elliptico-lanceolstis,
acutis,   serratis ;  pedun
culis subtrifloris; floribus
omnibus  d-tidis;  fiu<ti-
bus  verrucoso-muricatis.
Pursh, 1. p.  168.
   Sp.pl. l.p. 1132.   Walt. p. 102.  Mich. 1. p. 155.
  A shrub 4—5 feet high, terete,  glabrous, branches opposite, brach-
iate ?  slender, finely furrowed.  Leaves oblong, acute, opposite, nearly
sessile, somewhat  cordate ; penducles axillary.  Ca yx very small,
5 parted.  Petals  expanding, flat, obovate, small, green, tinged with
purple.  Stamens shorter than the corolla.   Capsule roughfsucculent.
Seed 1 in each cell covered with a rough scarlet coat ? resembling a
berr), adhering to the capsules after they expand.
  Grows in rich, damp soils.  Ornamental when the fruit is mature.
  Flowers April—May.          Strawberry tree.  Spindle tree.
C'tpsule  5  i'.n;?!ed.  3—5
celled, 6—5 valval. col-
oured.   Seed  veiled.

   Branches  4   angled;
leaves elli.Hie  lance^lit",
acute, serrate; peduncles
generally   3  flowered;
flowers all 5 cleft; fruit
roughened, warty.
3. Angustifolius.   Lyon.
   E. ramis  4-angulatis
foliis lineari-ellipticisj sub-
   Bran ches   4  angled;
leav es   linear   elliptic, 
PENTANDRIV MONOGYNIA.          293
falcatis, subintegerrimis ;   slightly  scythe  shaped,
pedunculis    plerumque   nearly entire ;  peduncles
unifloris; floribus  omni-   generally  1   flowered ;
bus 5-fidis;  fructibus ver-   flowers all 5 cleft;  fruit
rucoso-muricatis.  Pursh,   roughened, warty.
1. p.  168.
  Leaves nearly sesaile.  Nearly allied to the preceding species, but it
was said by Mr. Lyon, by whom it was discovered, to preserve its char-
acter when  raised from seed.  It is still however a doubtful species.
  Grows in fertile soils in woods, in the western districts of Georgia.
   3.  Atropurptjreus.
   E.  foliis  petiolatis, ob-
longo-lanceolatis, acumi-
natis, serratis ; peduncu-
lis divaricatis, multifloris;
floribus 4-fidis;  fructibus
laevibus.    Pursh,  l.  p.
168,
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1132.
  Leaves much longer than those
dark purple.   Fruit  red.
  Grows on the banks of rivulets,
  Flowers May—July.
   Leaves  petiolate,  ob-
long   lanceolate,  acumi-
nate, serrate;  peduncles
divaricate,  many  flower-
ed ; flowers 4 cleft; fruit
smooth.
 of the E. Americanus.  Flowers

from New-York to Carolina.
               ITEA. Gen
   Calyx 5-fidus.   Petala
5, calyci inserta.  Stigma
ca pit atu m. bilobum.  Cap-
sula 2-valvis, 2-locularis;
valvis margine introflexo
seminiferis.

   Virginica.
. Pl. 381.
   Calyx 5 cleft.   Petals
5, inserted into the calyx.
Stigma capitate, 2 lobed.
Capsule 2 valved, 2 cell-
ed ;  the  valves  bearing
the  seed along  the  in-
flexed  margin.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1146.   Walt. p. 102.  Mich. 1. p. 156.

  A shrub S--6 feet high, branching, the voung branches flexible and
pubescent.   Leaves alternate, lanceolate,'acuminate, serrulate, with
the veins pubescent light green, the upper surface hat ing a silky lus-
«:ie ; petioles o—5 lines long. Flowers in terminal, simple racemes ; 
294
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
proper peduncle 2 lines long, with a subulate, deciduous bractea aiits
base  Calux persistent.   Petals white, lanceolate, glabrous on the
outer surface, hairy within, 3 times as long as the calyx, inserted into
its summit between the segments. Filaments shorter than the corolla,
inserted into the calyx between the petals.  Anthers incumbent, 2 cel-
led vellow. G rm superior, hairy.  Styk tapering, furrowed.  Stig-
nm'obscurely 2 lobed.  Seeds many in each cell, somewhat angular.  •
  Grows in wet land, on the edges  of rivulets and along ditcheflt
Very common.
  Flowers April—May.


              CYR1LLA.   Gen. pl.  380.
   Calyx minutus, 5-par-
titus.   Petala 5, calyci in-
serta.  Stigmata 2.  Bac-
ca ?  exsiccabilis, (capsu-
la  non dehiscens ?)  2 lo-
eularis.    Semina solita-
ria,funiculoappensa. Per-
soon,  1.  p.  17 5.
   l. R.icewiflora.
   C. foliis cuneato-lance-
olatis,  coriaceis, glaberri-
mis;   petalis  calyce  tri-
plo longioribus.   E.
   Calyx  minute, 5 part-
ed.   Petals  5,  inserted
into the ca'yx.   Stigmas
2.   Berry becoming dry,
(or capsule not opening?)
2  celled.    Seed solitary,
attached to a  small cord.
                                    Leaves    lanceolate
                               wedge shaped at base, co-
                               riaceous,  very  smooth;
                               petals 3 times as long a*
                               the calyx.
   Walt, p 103.
   Cyrilla Car liniana, Mich. 1. p. 158.  Persoon, 1. p.  175.
   ltea Cyrilla, Sp. pl. 1. p. 1146.
  A large shrub, sometimes growing 15 feet high.  The branches ap-
pear verticillate, and spring every year from the summit of the old
wood, when  young they  are marked b\ the slightly decurrent leaf.
Leaves alternate, very entire, sometimes obovate, growing only on the
wood of ihe present year ;  etioles  3—4 lines long, slightly winged.
Flowers in slender, simple, somewhat pendulous racemes, clustered
at the summit of the last years branches.  Petals 3 times as long as
the calyx, inserted at the base of the germ.  Filaments alternating
with the petals, shorter than the corolla!  Anthers incumbent, bifid at
base, 2 celled.  &erm superior?  Style short, thick, "turgid in the
middle, the summit compressed, slightly 2 cleft.  Stigmas 2, obtuse.
  Grows  in wet ground, around ponds and rivulets of the pine bar-
rens.
  Flowers June. 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
295
  The outer bark of the oldest shrubs, near the ground, is extremely
light and friable,  and absorbs moisture with so much avidity that it
may be used with advantage instead of Agaric and  similar styptics.
When rubbed betwen the hands it excites a sensation similar to that
 froduced  fter immersing the hands in a strong astringent fluid.
 t forms a serviceable application to wounds or ulcers, where the in-
dication is to cicatrize them.
GALAX.  Gen.  pl.  382.
   Calyx 5-partitus.   Pe-
tala 5.   Tubus  10-lidus,
laciniis 5 alternis brevio-
ribus, antheriferis.   Stig-
ma  3 lobum.    Capsula
3-(ocularis, 3-valvis, poly-
sperma.
   l.  Aphylla.   Sp. pl. i
   Calyx 5 parted.  Petals
 2.   tube 10  cleft, with
 5  segments   alternately
 shorter and bearing  the
 anthers.   Stigma 3 lobed.
 Capsule 3 celled, 3 valved,
 many seeded.
p  1146.
 446.
   Galax rotundifolia, Pursh, 2. p
   Erythrorhiza rotundifolia, Mich. 2. p. 35.
   Soianandra cordifolia, Ventenat. Malm. p. 69.  Pers. 2. p. 215.

  Perennial.   Root creeping, of a deep red colour. Root leaves on
long  petioles, reniform or cordate, glabrous. Scape 12__18 inches
long, naked, excepting that it is surrounded a base by scales.  Flow-
ers numerous, crowded on a long raceme, pedicels about 2 lines Ion"-.
Corolla small, white.                                      °
  Grows on mountains.  Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers May—August.
RIBES.   Gen. pl. 390.
   Petala 5, et stamina ca-
lyci inserta.   Stylus 2-fi-
dus.   Bacca polysperma,
infera.
   1.  Rotund if olitjai.
   R.   spina  subaxillari;
foliis suborbiculatis, lobis
subrotundo- obtusis; ped-
unculis  l-floris :  limbo
     Petals 5, and with the
 j  stamens inserted into the
 '  calyx. Style 2 cleft.  Ber-
   ry many seeded, inferior.
Mich.
     Spine generally axilla-
   ry ; leaves nearly round,
   the lobes obtuse;  pedun-
   cles l flowered;  border 
296
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
calycis  tubuloso ;  bacca
glabra.   Persoon,   l.  p.
252.
  Mich. l.p. 110.
  Grows on the high mountains of Carolina.
of the calyx tubular; ber-
ry glabrous.
Mich.
   2.  Gracile.  Mich.
   R.  spinula subaxillarL;
foliis  petiolis  gracilibus,
utrinque   pubescentibus,
lobis  acutis, dentato-inci-
sis ;  pedunculis  capilla-
ribus, subbifloris; calyci-
   Spine small, nearly ax-
illary ; leaves on  slendef
petioles,  pubescent  on
each side, the lobes acute
and deeply toothed; ped-
uncles   capillary,  gene-
bus  tubulato-campanula- ] rally 2 flowered ;  calyx
tis;  baccis glabris.         tubular    campanulate ;
                           berry glabrous.
   Mich. 1. p. 111. Pursh, 1. p. 165.
  Berries purple or blue, finely tasted.  Pursh.
  Grows on rock and in mountain meadows, fr^m New-York toCaro*
lina.
  Flowers April—June.
VIOLA.   Gen. pl. 1364.
   Calyx 5-phyllus.   Co-
roUa 5-petala, irregularis,
postice cornuta.  Anthera?
cohserentes.  Capsula su-
pera, 3-valvis, l locularis.

   * Acaules.
   1. Lanceolata.
   V. acaulis ;  foliis  an-
gusto-lanceolatis,  oblon-
gis, crenatis; floribus al-
bis.  E.
   Sp. pl. l. p. 1161.   Mich. 2. p
   Calyx 5 leaved.   Co*
 rolla  5 petalled, irregu-
 lar, with a horn at  base.
 Anthers cohering.   Cap-
 sule  superior, 3 valved,
 1 celled.
   * Stemless.

   Stemless;  leaves nar-
 row  lanceolate, oblong,
 crenate; flowers white.

150. Pursh, l.p. 173. 
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.           297
   Root perennial.  leaves glabr us, the veins frequently opposite, ta-
 aering at the  base, generally ve y narrow, 3—5 inches long, half an
 inch wide, sometimes however, a truly lanceol »tt.' leaf occurs. ^Flow-
 ers solitary. Scape 4—6 inches long, curved at the suinuiit, furnished
 with 2  subulate scales above the middle.  Leaves of the calyx acute,
 glabrous. The 2 lateral petals bearded.  Filaments  very short.  An-
 thers nearly sessile, appressed to the germ, opening along the inner
 margins, terminated  by  an  ovate, yellowish membrane.   Germ  su-
 perior,  3 angled.  Styk bhort, but longer than the stamens.  Stigma
 capitate, obliquely  concave.   Capsule obtusely  3 angled.   Seeds
 nearly globose, attached to a receptacle in the centre of each valve.
   Grows in humid soi s.  Very abundant in wet pine barrens,  but
 rare near the sea coast
   Flowers February—April.


    2.   PltlMULIFOLTA.                              .
    V.   acaulis; foliis  ob- |    Stemless ; leaves  ob*
 longis,  subcordatis, ser- |  long,'1   somewliat   heart
 ratis ; petiolis memhrana- | shaped, serrate ;  petioles
 ceis.    Sp. pl.  l.p.  1162. | membranous.
    Walt. p. 219.  Pursh, 1. p. 173.                   V

   Perennial.  Leaves serrate, glabrous, at first cordate, obtuse, aft' r-
 \vards acute, and the  sinus at base nearly effaced as  the wings along
 the petioles dilate, generally 2—3 inches long, 1£  wide, sometimes
 twice that size.  Scape 3—4 inches long, 2 scales rather  below the
 middle,  CoroUa white ;  the  upper petal veined at base with purple,
 the lateral petals thinly bearded along the lower edge.
   Both  Walter and Michaux  appear to have united this with the pre*
 ceding species.
   Grows in. wet sails, along the sides of ditches.  Very common.
   Flo  ers Februa y—April.


   3.  Villosa.   Walt.
   V.  foliis cordatis, obtu-     Leaves cordate,  obtuse,
 sis, pubentissimis, canes-   very   pubescent,   some-
 centibus ;  calyce acuto ;.  what hoary;  calyx acute ;
 floribus parvulis, cceru-   flowers small, pale blue.
 lescentibus.  E.            |
    Walt. p.  219.

  Perennial.   Leaves  crena'e, very downy rather than  villous, soft,
 thick ;  the sinus at base small, open ;  when young the leaves acquire
from the pubescence a  hoary aspect, and are  variegated with purple
vein*. Petals email, the 3'upper bearded, the 2  lower  sprinkled

                          3$ 2        I 
898          PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

with hairs.  The late flowers, as remarked by Walter, frequently*
apetalous.                                 P    ,  ,      ..
  From the V. sagittata, with which it has been confounded, yery dis-
tinct.
  Grows in dry sandy soils.  Leaves generally prostrate.
  Flowers March—April.
4. Rotundifolia.   Mich.
  V. acaulis ;  foliis orbi-
culato-cordatis, subdenta-
tis. glabriusculis ; petiolo
pubescente :  calyce  ob-
tuso ;  floribus  luteis.
   Stemless; leaves orbi-
cular   cordate,   slightly
toothed,  glabrous ;  peti-
oles  pubescent  ;   catyx
obtuse;  flowers yellow.
   Micji 2. p. 150.
   V. clandestina ?  Pursh, 1. p. 173.
  With this plant I  am only acquainted through the description of
of Michaux, who adds, that the sinus at base is closed.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers
   5.  Bland A.
   V. glabra; foliis corda-
tis, remote-serratis; ped-
unculis longitudine folio-
rum ; petalis imberbibus,
infimo reliquis  longiore,
lanceolato.   Willd. Hort.
Berol. l. t.  24.
   Pursh, 1. p. 172.
  Leaves nearly acute and flat.  Floners yellowish white.  The two
lateral  petals short, the lower marked with blue stripes and veins.
Pursh.
  Grows in wet soils, from New-York to Carolina.
  Flowers April—June.
   Glabrous ;  leaves cor-
date,  remotely  serrate ;
peduncles  as  long as the
leaves; petals beardless,
the  lowest longer  than
the rest, lanceolate.
  6.  CUCULLATA.
  V. acaulis; foliis corda- |    Stemless; leaves cor-
tis,  acutiusculis,  glabris, j  date,  somewhat  acute,
basi  cucullatis ;   floribus |  glabrous, hooded at base;
% 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.           S$&
inversis ; petalis  oblique | flowers inverted;  petal?
flexis.  Sp. pl. t. p. 116». j ol)liquely bent.
   Pursh,  1. p. 173.
   V. cordata, Walt. p. 219.

  Perennial.  Leaves sometimes reniform, crenate, when young the
angles involute.   Peduncles longer than the leaves, with the summit
reflexed. Petals blue and purple, white at base ; the ba*e of the uppes
one with violet coloured veins ; of the two lateral, bearded ; of the
lower, smooth.
  Sometimes, though rarely, some of the older leaves become lobed.
  Grows in damp, stiff clayey ^oils. Very common.
  Flowers  March—April.
   Stemless,  pubescent;
leaves dilated  reniform,
acute, crenate or toothed,
the  base tapering  to  a
petiole ;  peduncles much
shorter than the leaves.
   7.  Asarifolia.   Pursh.
   V.  acaulis,  pubescens ;
 foliis   dilatato-reniformi-
 bus, acutis, crenato-denta-
 tis, basi in petiolum atten-
 natis;  pedunculis  foliis
 multo brevioribus. Pursh,
 2 p. 73%.
   Collected by Catesby, in Virginia and Carolina, and described by
 PurshYrom the herbarium of Sherard
   The  V. asarifolia of Muhlenberg's Catalogue, which he afterwards
 proposed  to call  uliginosa, is a caulescent species, and very distinct
 from this.
   Grows in damp, shady woods.                  .
   Flowers

   8.  Sagiftata.
   V.  acaulis; foliis  ob-  |    Stemless ;  leaves ob-
 longis, acutis,  cordato-sa-  j long, acute, cordate sagit-
 gittatis, serratis,  basi in-  | tate,  serrate, notched  at
 cisis ;  floribus   inversis.  j base;  flowers inverted.
 Sp.  pl. t. p. U60.         j                           .
   Pursh, 1. p. 172.
  Leaves  very oblong, rather  hastate, sagittate, dentate, the lower
teeth increasing in length until  at the lateral lobes the leaf becomes la-
cimato, pubescent, slightly ciliate. (Peduncles longer than the leaves.
.■segments of the ca$» linear, glabrous.  Corolla pale  blue; the 3
lower petals bearded at base.   Pursh.)
  Grows near the  mountains of Carolina.  Mr, Le Conte,
  Flowers March—April.                 * 
#00            PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA,
   9. Palmata.
   V.  acaulis; foliis  cor-      Stemless ;  leaves  (tofV
datis, palmatis,  quinque-   date,  palmate,  5  lobed,
lobisi,  dentatis  indivisis-   toothed and undivided.

que.
   Sp.pl. l.p.! 159.  Walt. p. 2*8.  Mich. 2.p. 151.  Pursh, l.p. 17&

  Perennial.  TV1 first leaves frequently cordate, hairy, ciliate, un-
divided :  afterwards variously dissected, glabrous, dotied or rather
discoloured with purple : petioles hain, Linger than the  stem.  Fed-
uncles 4 -6 inches  long, hairy.   Petals purple, the  3 upper one*
bearded, the 2 lower naked.
  Of this  plant there appears to be many varieties.  The following
merit notice.
Var. a. vulgaris ; the two exterior lol es of the leaves have frequently
       a small segment near the base.  Grows very common in light
       soils.
     b. frtigrans ; similar to the preceding, the leaves generally more
       dissected, the flowers  of  a  brighter purple,  and  fragrant*
       Grows 13 miles  from Savannah, on the great southern road.
     c. dilatata : with leaves dteply 3 parted, the lateral segments
        2 cleft, the exterior division dilated  and toothed, sometimes^
        dissected: the middle segments large, toothed; the whole
        plant very pubescent.  Ti is is the  common variety in the
        upper districts of Georgia and 'Carolina.
     i. heteropyhlla ;  with  the  early  leaves  cordate, late, ones
        hastate, with the  lateral  lobes sometimes  divided, all ru-
          fost, crenate  and  glabrous;  the middle  lobe  very large.
          'eduncle sometimes 12 inches long.   From the circumstai.ee
        of its being eaten  by negroes,  I  had called it V. esculenta,
        it is however the V. heterophylla of Muhlenberg, and differs
        from the other varieties much in size, and by its glabrous and
        rugose leaves.
   Grows in river swamps.  Common on the Ogeechee.
   All of these varieties  flower in March and  April.      Wild Okra,
   This Violet is  very mucilaginous and much used  by negroes in
their soups.  In  domestic practice the bruised leaves are employed a*
an emollient application.
   10.  Pedata.
 * V. acaulis; foliis peda-
tis,  septempartitis.  laci-
mis lineari-lanceolatis, in-
tegris.    Persoon,  1.   p,
854. from Michaux.
   Walt. p. 219.  Mich. 2. p. 151,
   V. digitata, Pursh, 1*. p. 171.
   Stemless;   leaves pe-
date, 7  parted, segments
linear   lanceolate, entire* 
VENTANDHIA  MONOGYNlf.
i
  Root perennial.  The leaves afford generally a fine exemplification
Of a pedate leaf, where the 5 interior segments are attached to the in-
ner side of the exterior segments; the segments are sometimes tooth-
ed, ami the leaves occasionally  slightly  pubescent.  Loolla blue,
large in proportion to the size of the plant.
  Grows plentifully in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia y
rarely found within sixty miles of the sea coast.
  Flowers April—May.
** With stems.
terete  ;
 acu mi-
 stipule
   **  Caulescentes.
   11.  Canadensis.
   V. caule erecto, tereti-
usculo ; . foliis  cordatis,
acuminatis,  glabris;  sti-
pulis integris.   Sp.  pl. l.
p. H6(j.
   ^ich. 2. p. 150.  Pursh, 1. p. 174.     \
  Perennial.  Stem simple, leafy towards  the summit.  Leaves cor-
date, dentate, with a long, tapering point; petioles scarcely exceeding
half an inch.   CoroUa white.   Plant slightly pubescent.  Stipules
very small, lanceolate.
    Stem   erect,
leaves  cordate,
nate,  glabrous ;
entire.
Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
Flowers
Mich.
    Stem erect, nearly te-
rete;  leaves  ovate,  cor-
date, acute, serrate; sti-
pules  lanceolate, fringed
by the serratures.
   12.  Striata.
   V. caule  erecto, semi-
tereti;  foliis ovatis,  cor-
datis, acutis, serratis ; sti-
pulis lanceolatis,  serrato-
ciliatis.   Sp.pl. l.p. 1166.
   V. debilis ?  Mich. 2. p. 150.
   V. canina, Walt. p. 219.        •

  Perennial.  Stem much branched.   Leaves 'acuminate, sprinkled
with hairs, on short petioles.   Stipules Iacerat*  Peduncles solitary,
variable,  sometimes 4 inches long, frequently not an inch.  Corolla
white.                                                   *y
  From specimens collected in  the mountains of Carolina, by Dr.
Macbride.                                              J
  The V. canina of Walter is a prostrate plant, with leaves obtusely
cordate, sometimes  orbiculate ; peduncles one to two inches lon»
stipules lacerate ; segments of the calyx very acute ; corolla pale blue'
  Grows  inM. Johns; also on James' Island, opposite Charleston.
  Flowers March—April. 
302
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
   Glabrous j  stem  sim-
ple, leafy only at the sum-
mit ;   leaves  alternate,
hastate  ;  stipules  small/
denticulate.
   13.  TTastata.   Mich.
   V.  glabriuscula;  caule
simplici,  summitate tan-
tum  folioso; foliis  alter-
nis,  bastatis; stipulis mi-
nutis, denticulatis.  Mich.
2. p. 119.
   Pursh, l.p. 174.
  Perennial.  Stem about a foot high, smooth.  Leaves near the sum-
mit hastate, with the lobes obtuse, the apex acute, sligKtly serrate,
glabrous, the veins on the upper surface sprinkled with minute hairs':
petiole £ to 2 inches long.  Flowers axillary, solitary ; peduncles
longer than the petiole.  Calyx acute.  Petals yellow.
  From specimens collected near Athens, Georgia, by Mr. Green,
  Flowers March—ApriL
   14. Tripartita.   E.
   V. pilosa ; caule  sim-
plici,  summitate  tantum
folioso ;  foliis   profunde
tripartitis, lobis  lanceola-
tis, dentatis;  floribus lu-
teis.   E.
   Hairy ;   stem  simple,
leafy only at the summit;
leaves deeply  3  parted,
the lobes lanceolate, den-
tate ;  flowers yellow. ^
  Perennial.   Stem about  a  foot high ;  the young plant villous.
Leaves divided to the base, -ometimes ternate, very hairy ;  segments
sometimes  acuminate ;  stipules lanceolate, villous, entire or serru-
late^   Peduncles long, slender, with  2 minute,'alternate scales near
the middle.  Calyx acute.  Petals yellow, the upper one beautifully
streaked with purple.
  From specimens collected near Athens, Georgia, by Mr. Green.
  Flowjers  March—April.
   15.  Arven<is„
   V. caule  angulato,'sul-
cata ; foliis  ovato-lanceo-
latis, serratis ;  stipulis ba-
si incisis ;  calyce pubes-
cente,  corollis  sublongi-
ore.   Persoon, 1. p. 255.
  Stem aiigled, Vurrowed:
leaves ovate  lanceolate,
serrate;   stipules incised
at base ;   the  calyx  pu-
bescent,   rather  longer
than the corolla.
  Annual ? Stem erect, 10—12 inches high, glabrous, angled.  Lower
leaves spathulate, oval, nearly orbicular; the pedicels nearly an inch 
PENTANDRTA MONOGYNIA.
303
long ; the upper leaves lanceolate, ciliate; stipules  shorter tfean the
leaves, the base pinnatifid ; segments linear lanceolate, ciliate.  Ca-
lyx ciliate, in my specimens,'shorter than the corolla.  Petals pale
blue ?                             •
 ! My specimens agree exactly with one sent me from Pennsylvania,
by Dr Muhlenberg a-» the V. arvensis, and excepting in the proportional
length of the calyx and corolla, and in the colour of the corolla, agree
with the specific character  of Persoon.
   Found near the Chatahouchie river, Creek na^n,by Dr. Latham.
   Flowers
   Stems  erect ;  leaves
broad   lanceolate,   and
with^the  lanceolate  li-
near stipules very entire.
   16. Concolor.
 * V. caulibus erectis; fo-
liis lato-lanceolatis, stipu-
linque  lariceolato-lineari-
bus, integerrimis.,KTrans.
Linn. Soc.V. p. 309 t. 28.
   Pursh, l.p. 175.
 Perennial.  Stem 1—2 feet high, slightly angled, weak, erect. Leaves
lanceolate, long, acuminate, rugose, entire or irregularly toothed.
 Stipules linear lanceolate, enjtire.   Peduncles very short.  Flowers
 amall,pale green.   Petals 5, the 2 upper linear, recurved, entire; the
 2  lateral  linear, toothed, recurved ; the lower one 2 parted.  Spur
very  short.   Sti^fna hooked^peribrate, twice as  long as the anther.
 Fo4e(.
•  Grows  in the  deep, shaded vallies,of  the mountains of Carolina.
 Dr. Macbride.
   Flowers June—July.
IMPATIENS.   Gen.  pl. 1365.
   Calyx 2-phyllus.,  Co-
rolla irregularis, calcara-
ta.   Anther a;  connatse.
Capsula  supera,  l-locu-
laris, 3 -valvis.
   l. Noli  Tangere.
   1. pedunculis solitariis,
multifloris; foliis  ovatis,
obtuse dentatis;  genicu-
lis  caulinis   tumentibus;
Sp. pl. l.  p. 1176.
   Mich. 2. p. 149. var. a, Pucsli
    Calyx 2 leaved.   Co-
 rolla  irregular, bearing a
 spur.   Anfhers cohering.
 Capsule superior, l celled,
 5 valved.

     Peduncles    solitary,
 many flowered ;  leaves
 ovate,  obtusely dentate;
 knees of the  stem swol-
 len.
, 1. p. 171. 
g04f           PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

  A tender, succulent, annual plant, 2—4 feet high, much branche^,
very smooth.  Stem and branches flexuous.  Leaves on long petioles,
crenate, very  glabrous,  of a glaucous hue..  Peduncles axillary.
Flowers yellow, (unspotted.  Pursh.)
  Grows in wet soils, near rivulets.
  Flowers July—October.

   2.  Biflora.                                   2
   1 pedunculis solitariis, ]   Tedunclersolitaryvgen-
plerumque  bifloris ; foliis j  erally 2 flowered ; leaved
ovatis, serratis;  floribus
fulvis,   maculis    rubris.
Walt. p. 219.
ovate,  serrate ;   flowers.
tawny, with red specks.
Sp. pl. 1. p. 1175._   Pursh, l.'p. 171.            j.  *
                  D
   I. noli tatigere,  Mich.'l. p. 149. var. b. £
  Very similar to the preceding species. JTlie leaves are saijl'to be
smaller and more acutely dentate, and the flowers less numerojis an4
spotted.  1 have not had an opportunity of comparing thein." ,
  Grows in swamps and wet soils.              *    »■■■
  Flowers July—October.


                   ..*.'*CISSUS.
  Bacca 2-locularis, i—-4-
sperma.    Petala refle&o-
patula, decidua.   Necta-
rium  germen cingens.
   1. Bipinnata.   Mich.
   C. foliis  bipinnatis, fo-1    Leaves doubly pinnate,
liolis ovato-lanceolatis,in- | leaflets  ovate lanceolate,
   Berry 2  celled, 1—4
seeded.   Petals reflexed
and spreading, deciduous,
Nectary girding the germ.
ciso-dentatis  lobatisque ;
floribus corvmbosis.   E.
deeply toothed and lobed;
flowers in corymbs.
   Vitis arborea, Sp. pl. 1. p. 1183.
   Hedera aroorea,  Walt. p. 102.
   Ampelopsis bipinnata, Mich. 1. p. 160.
   Cissus stans, Persoon, 1. p. 143.  Pursh, 1. p. 170. *

  A vine-like shrub, twining around trees, branches very numerous, a
little angular, thickened at the joints, glabrous, without tendrils. Leaves
sometime*  decompound ; leaflets slightly cordate, acute, with teeth
mucronate, glabrous, veins nearly opposite and connected by a short
ciliate  membrane.   CofyMs opposite the  leaves ; peduncles com-
foundry diclidtomoue, pubescent.   Calyx a mere margin girding th.e 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
305
base of the germ, slightiy undulate.  Corol'a deciduous, 1 petalled ?
deeply 5 parted ; segments scarcely cohering at base, lanceolate, ex-
panding, pubescent.   Filaments 5, inserted into the germ  at the base
of the corolla, shorter than the corolla.   Nectary? a membrane sur-
rounding the germ within tho stamens; the border truncate, but  so
waved as to resemble a ten lobed margin.  Germ superior, ovate, gla-
brous, tapering to a v^rv short styk.  Stigma obtuse.  Berry globose,
glabrous, black, 2 celled.  Seeds 1—2 in each cell.
   This plant, which has so often been removed, appears to be certain-
ly a Cissus.  The mere addition of a fifth part  to the  corolla and sta-
mens is a  circumstance too trivial to constitute a new  genus, and if
the original name, arborea, of Linnaeus, which was incorrect, ought
to be  changed, the name given it by Michaux is certainly entitled to
a preference.
   Grows in damp, rich soils.
   Flowers June—July.
2.  IIederacea.   Persoon.
    C*  caule   radicante,
scandente; foliis qiunato-
digitatis;  paniculis com-
posite,   oppositi-foliis  ;
neciario  0 ?
 Stem radicant, climbing;
leaves digitate, by  fives;
panicles  compound,  op-
posite the leaves;  necta-
ry  wanting ?
    Persoon, 1. p. 143.
    Ampelopsis qninquefolia,  Mich. 1. p. 160.
    Hedera quinquefolia,  Linn. Hort.  Cliff". 74.
    -------------, Walt. p. 102.
    Vitis hederacea, Willd. Sp.pl. 1. p. 1182.

  Stem ascending lofty trees, adhering to the bark by short lateral fibres,
sometimes attaching itself to walls or fences, g'abrous. Leaflets connec-
ted at base, lanceolate, acuminate, entire near the base, strono-ly den-
tate near the summit, glabrous, the middle leaflets larger than the lat-
eral.  Petioles 4—6 inclies long.  Panicle ? opposite the leaves, com-
posed of compoundly dichotomous racemes on peduncles 1—-3 inches
long; pedicels 1—3 lines  long, and  with the peduncles  glabrous and
purple.  Petals 4 times as long as  tlie calyx,, with  the summit and
margin* so reflexed as  to f -mi a small hood.  I could observe no nec-
tary in this species as in the C. bipinnata.  Berry 4 celled, 4 seeded.
   Grows in soils somewhat  humid.
   Flowers in June.

n.J!!I80°?i rCmr£S thf'this  Plant is  drably calculated to clothe
rditv nf   A FhTK ,U7Tr fr this PurP°se [t is surpassed in fa*
c.lity ot growth and beauty by the Bignonii radicans.

   3. Ampelophis.    Persoon.
   C.  foliis cordatis,  den.
talis;  paniculis  dichoto-
      Leaves  cordate, tooth-
   ed ;   panicles   dichoto.
o 2 
306           PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
mis;   floribus  6-andris. I  mous;  flowers  pentau.

Persoon,  t.  p.  142.        |  drous.
   Ampelopsis cordata, Mich. 1. p. 159.

  Stem climbing.  Leaves cordate, unequally dentate, hairy along the
nerves: the  base frequently straight, as if truncate. Panicles oppo-
site the leaves, dichotomous, the branches expanding.  Nectary per-
sistent.
  Grows in swamps near Granby, South-Carolina.
  Flowers
CLAYTONIA.   Gen. pl. 402.
   Calyx 2-valvis.    Co-
rolla  5-petala.    Stigma
3-fidum.   Capsula 3-val-
vis,   l-locularis, 3-sper-
ma.
   1.  Virginica.
   C. foliis lineari-lanceo-
latis ;  racemis  solitariis ;
calycis foliis acutiusculis;
petalis  obovatjs, retusis;
radice tuberosa.   Pursh,
l.p. 175.
   Calyx 2 valved.   Co-
rolla 5 petalled.  Stigma
3 cleft.   Capsule  3 valv-
ed, 1  celled, 3 seeded.
                                  Leaves linear lanceov
                               late ;  racemes  solitary;
                               leaves of the calyx some-
                               what acute ; petals  obo-
                               vate, retuse;  root  tube-
                               rous.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1185.   Mich. 1. p. 160.                   • '

  Root tuberous, perennial.  Stem herbaceous, erect, 6—10  inches
high, terete, glabrous, simple.  Leaves two, opposite, generally linear,
entire, glabrous, connate, at base, 2—4 inches long, 1—2 lines wide.
Flowers (4—18) in  a  simple raceme ;  peduncles h—2 inches long,
glabrous.   Spathe a short, ovate, obtuse leaf at the base of the raceme.
Calyx 2 leaved ; leaves lanceolate, acute, entire, persistent.  Petals
oval, obtuse, striate, rose  coloured, twice  or three times as long as
the calyx.  Filaments half as long as the petals, dilated at base, in-
serted  with the petals at the  base of  the  germ.  Anthers erect, ob-
long, rose coloured, 2 celled.   Germ superior, ovate.  Style  longer
than  the  stamens, 3 cleft  at the summit.  Stigmas linear, obtuse,
glandular, slightly reflexed.  Capsule nearly globose.  Seeds some-
what  lenticular, black, 1 or 2 ? in  each valve, attached to a central
receptacle.
  Grows in shaded, rich soils.   Columbia, Mr. Herbemont.   At tbe
head  of Cooper river, Dr. Macbrids.
  Flowers March—April. 
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
soy
&. Caroliniana.   Mich.
   Leaves spattolate; ra-
ceme solitary; leaves of
the calyx obtuse ; petals
nearly  round,  retuse $
root  tuberous.
   C.  foliis  spathulatis;
racemo solitario; calycis
foliolis  obtusis ; petalis
subrotundis, retusis; ra-
dice tuberosa.   Pursh, 1.
p. 175.
   Mich.  1. p. 160.
   C. Virginica, var. b. Sp. pl. 1. p. 1185.
  Leaves scarcely half an inch  long, sometimes 2 pair upon a*talk.
Flowers smaller than the preceding species, rose coloured, with pur*-
pie veins.   Mich.
  Grows among the mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers in March.
ANYCHIA.   Mich.
   Calyx  connivens, laci-
 niis oblongis.   Corolla 0.
 Filamenta distincta.  Stig-
 mata 2.  Capsula utricu-
 laria, non dehiscens.  Se-
 men i.
   1. Canadensis.
   A. caule erecto, dicho-
 tomo, pubescente  ; foliis
 lanceolatis;  stipulis ple-
 rumque quaternis; caly-
 cis foliolis acutis.  E.
   A. dichotoma, Mich. 1. p. 113.
   Queria Canadensis, Sp. pl. 1. p. 494.
  Perennial.  Stem 6—12 inches high, terete, very pubescent, to-
wards the summit much branched.  Leaves opposite, nearly glabrous,
 sessile, sprinkled along the  margins  occasionally with hairs, dotted
 on «ach side. Stipules commonly 4 at each joint, membranous, much
 shorter than the joints.  Flowers solitary, terminal, but from the
 number of branches appearing to be in terminal fascicles or corymbs ;
 4 stipules at the base  of each  flower.  Calyx 5 parted; segments
 somewhat hooded at the point, a  little extended behind the summit.
 Corolla 0.  Stamens shorter than the calyx.  (Stigmas 2.  Mich.)
   Calyx  connivent,  the
segments oblong.  Corol-
la o.   Filaments distinct.
Stigmas 2.   Capsule like
a  bladder,  not  opening.
Seed l.

   Stem  erect,  dichoto-
mous, pubescent; leaves
lanceolate;  stipules gen-
erally by fours ; leaves of
the calyx  acute.
Pursh, 1. p.  176. 
308
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.-
  This plant, whilst it differs in habit from the Queria Hispanica, as
figured in Quers Flora Hispanica, vol. 6. t.  15. f. 2. agrees so exactly
with the  Anydua of Michaux, that I cannot hesitate in  placing it, as
as he has done; in this genus.
  Grows in dr\ soils, in the upper districts of Carolina, particularly
Fairfield.  D(k.Macbride.
  Flowers July—August,

  2.  Herniarioides.   Mich.
   A.  humifusa, conferta,
undique pubescens  ;   fo-
liis  pblongo ovalibus, cil-
iatis. mucronatis; laciniis
calvcis   subulatis,   acu-
mine  setaceo patuloque.
Mich. l.p. H3.
   Pursh, 1. p. 176.
  Collected in tlie upper districts of South-Carolina, by M. Correa
de Serra.
  Flowers through the summer.
   Prostrate, clustered, in
every  part  pubescent;
leaves oblong oval, cili-
ate,   mucronate  j  seg-
ments of the calyx subu-
late, the  point setaceous
and expanding.
    Csespitose,  procum-
bent ;   leaves  linear,  a-
cute  ; stipules 2, longer
than the joints; leaves
of  the  calyx  acuminate,
bearded at the summit.
   3. Argyrocoma?  Mich.
   A csespitosa, procum-
bens ;    foliis linearibus,
acutissimis;  stipulis  bi-
nis, internodiis  longiori-
bus ; calycibus  acumina-
tis, apice barbatis.
   Mich. 1. p. IIS.
   Achyranthes dichotoma, Sp. pl. 1. p. 1196.
  Root perennial, fusiform.  Stems assurgent, jointed, terete, gla-
brous towards the summit, dichotomous, much branched.  Leaves op-
 Eosite, linear, acute, slightly  hairy.  Stipules generally 2 at  the
 ranches, frequently 4, as long, or longer than the joints, giving the
younz shoots the silvery appearance from which Michaux has derived-
his name.  Flowers, as in the preceding  species, but the clusters
more distinct. Appendages. behind the summits of the calyx acumi-
nate.                                             J
  Grows in rocky places, among the  mountains  of Carolina, Mich.
For my specimens I am indebted to Mr. NuttaU, who  collected them
at Harper's Ferry, v irginia.
  Flowers
  This genus «' ill probably be enlarged when our plants are well ex-
alted.   The northern A. Canadensis appears to me to differ much 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
301)
from the southern plant, and Mr. NuttaU ha9 lately informed me that
he has  found in Tennessee a species agreeing more minutely with
Michaux's argyrocoma than the one above described.
ACHYRANTHES.   Gen. pl.  404.
   Calyx  duplex,  mem-
branaceus,    persistens  ;
exterior 3-phyllus,  inte-
rior 5-phyllus, imequalis.
Stamina  nectario   insi-
dentia, lacinia intcrposita.
Semen l.
   1. Repens.
   A.  caulibus prostratis,
hirsutis;  foliis oppositis.
lanceolatis, petiolatis; ca-
pitulis  sessilibus,  ovatis,
alternatim axillaribus.  E.
   Calyx double, membra-
naceous,  persistent; ex-
terior  3 leaved,  interior
5  leaved, unequal.    Sta-
mens  sitting  on the  nec-
tary, with a segment be-
tween them.   Seed 1.

   Stem prostrate, hairy;
leaves  opposite,  lanceo-
late, petiolate; heads ses-
sile, ovate, alternately ax-
illary.
Gomphrena polygonoidesr Linn.
Illecebrum achyrantha, Walt, p, 103.
Illecebrum polygonoides, Willd Sp. pi. 1. p. 1208.
 ------     ------    Mich. 2. p. 34.  Pursh, 2. p. 445.
Achyranthcs polygonoides, La Marck,  Ency, Meth. under
   word Cadelar.
the-
  Plant perennial, creeping.  Stem very hairy, villous at the joints.
Leaves slightly sprinkled  with hairs on the under surface, opposite,
one leaf generally larger than the other.  The flowers by pressure in
the beads acquire a 3 angled form.  Exterior calyx 5 leaved, leaves
very acute, somewhat rigid, equal; interior calyx 5 leaved, the 3 ex-
terior ovate, lanceolate, very acute, rigid, hairy near the base, equal,
longer than the exterior calyx; the 2 interior shorter, very hairy even
at the summit, hairs long,  glandular, capitate.  Nectary surrounding
the base of the germ, persistent, bearing the stamens ; the  segments
bet ween the stamens subulate, simple, acute, as long as the filaments.
bilaments short.  Anthers  incumbent, oval.  Germ superior, nearly
gloho>o.  Siyk very short. Stigm.* obtuse, slightly glandular. Cap-
sule I celled, not opening.  Seed 1, round, compvessed.
   Phis humble and common plant appears  to have been negligently
examined : it accord  nearly with the genus Achvranthes  as under-
stoo'. by La  lank, excepting ti at bv its interior calvx (or co olia, it
is nearly allied to Gomphrena, and that the intermediate segments of 
310
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA*
the nectary are simple, not divided at the summit; neither is the neq-
tarf caducous, as described by S hreber.
  Grows  in dry s ils, along walls, fences and  the edges of roads,
sti- "ts, &c. in places much trodden.   Common in the maritime dis»
tricts r»f Caro/va 'uid Georgia.
  Flowers War.' —October.                         Forty knot.
  The decoction of the whole plant sensibly increases the urinary dis-
charge.  In domestic practice it is usual to give it warm, ad libitum,
t patients labouring under Ischury and Dysury. The remedy is gen-
erally successful.
   2.  FlCOlDEA.
   A ?  cauli' us  re pend-
ens.  ;a ^'  is ; foliis  lato-
lancccfct i-.    petioiatis ;
capitulis  orbicularis, pu-
bescentibus.   Willd.
   Persoon, 1. p. 259.
   Illecebrum ficoideum,  Sp.pl. 1,
   Stems  creeping,  gla-
brous ;  leaves broad lan-
ceolate, petiolate;  heads
spherical, pubescent.
p. 1208.
Grows along the sea coast from Carolina to Florida.
Flowers July—August.
Pursh, 2. p. 445.

          Pursh.
   Glabrous; stem creep-
ing ;  leaves nearly terete,
fleshy  ;   heads  solitary,
oblong, terminal.
   3. VEj^ICULARIS.
   A ?  glabra;  caulibus
repentibus ;  foliis subte-
retibus, carnosis;  capitu-
lis solitariis, oblongis, ter-
minalibus.
   Gomphrena vermicularis,  Sp. pl. 1. p. 1522.
   Illecebrum vermiculatum, Pursh, 2. p. 446.

  I have had no opportunity of examining the two last species, 1 have
.therefore placed them here with some hesitation.   If they agree in
character with  the  first, they will  probably constitute an  interme-
diate genus between Arhyranthes and Gomphrena.   The last species,
however, from its solitary terminal  heads, appears to be closely allied
to T4o- .phrena.
  Grows along the sea coast from Carolina to Florida.  Pursh.
  Flowers June—August.
THES1UM.   Gen. pl. 410.
   Calyx   l-phyllus,  cui
stamina   inserta.   Nux
   Calyx  l   leaved,  in
which  the  stamens are 
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
311
infera, mono-sperma, ca-
lyce persistente tecta,
inserted.   Nut  inferior,
l  seeded, covered  with
the persistent calyx.
   Flowers   in   axillary
umbels ;  leaves oblong..
   1. Umbellatum.
   T.  floribus umbellatis,
axillaribus ;  foliis  oblon-
gis.   Sp. pi. l. p. 1211.
   T. corymbulosum, Mich. 1 p. 112.
  Root perennial.  Stem smooth, branching near the summit. Leaves
oblong, lanceolate, entire, glabrous, sessile.   Umbels 3  5  flowered,
axillary ; common  peduncles longer  than  the  leaves ;  pedicels
2—3 fines long.  Involucrum 4  leaved,  leaves  small, lanceolate.
Calyx I leaved,' conical, with the upper  half coloured and 5  cleft.
Corolla 0.  Stam ns shorter than the calyx.
  Very common in dry soils in the upper country.  Dr. Macbride.
  Sent  to me from Atliens, Georgia, by Mr. Green.
  Flowers

                GELSEM1NUM.   Juss.
   Calyx  5 leaved.   Co-
rolla funnel shaped.  Cap*
sale  compressed,  divisL.
ble, 2 celled.   Seeds flat,
attached  to  the  margins
of the valves.
  Calyx 5-phyllu^.  Corol-
la infundibuliformis. Cap-
sula compresso-plana,
partibilis, 3-locularis.  Se-
mina plana, valvularum
marginibus adnexa.

   1.  Sempervirens.
   G. nitidum, Mich. 1. p. 120.   Pursh, l.p. 184.
   Bignonia sempervirens, Sp. pl. 3. p. 29.1.
   Anon,  sempervirens, Walt. p. 99.
   Gelseminum, Catesby Car. 1. p. 53 t. 53.
  Perennial. Stem twining, smooth, glabrous.  Leaves opposite, pe-
rennial, lanceolate, entire, slightly acuminate, of a dark shining green
colour on the upper surface, paler on the  under, 1—2 inches long,
5—8 lines wide ; petioles short,  blowers (1—5) in axillary clusters ;
pedicel £ an inch long, clothed with small scales.  Leaves of the ci-
lyx lanceolate, equal, glabrous, with the margins slightly membram-
ceous.  CoroUa yellow; border obscurely 5 lobed, lobes round and
equal.  Filaments half as long as the corolla, inserted into  its ' ase,
Anthers erect~,*sagittate, 2 celled.  Germ superior, oblong, furrowed,
tapering into the style.  Style as long as the tube of the corolla, with
tin' summit 4 cleft, (dichotomous)  Stigmas simple, recurved.
  This beautiful plant flourishes in almost every soil in the maritime
districts of Carolina and Georgia, though it  prefers moist and rich 
312          PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
lands.  It abounds along the roads, covering the shrubbery vyith its
rich foliage and flowers, and  perfuming the air with its delightful
fragrance.                                  ;
  Flowers February—March; sometimes October—November. ^
                                        Fellow Jessamine.
  The flowers, root, &c. of this shrub are  narcotic.  A spirituous
tincture of the root has been used successfully in Rheumatism.  The
effluvia of the flowers are said sometimes to induce stupor.
ECHITES.   Gen.  pl. 421.
   Folliculi duo, distincti,
teretes.  Semina pappo-
sa.   Corolla infundibuli-
formis,  limbo  5-partito.
Anther a? medio stigmati
cobserentes.   Squama? 5,
carnosse, hypogynse.
   Follicles  two,  distinct,
terete.    Seed   crowned
with a pappus.   Corolla
funnel shaped,  with the
border 5 parted.   Anthers
adhering  in the middle
to the stigma.   Scales 5)
fleshy,  surrounding  the
base of the germ.
   *  Segments of the  coz
rolla equal sided.
   *  Laciniis  corolla;  a-
 quilateris.    (Parsonsia.
 Brown   Trans.   Wern.
 Soc. 1. p. 64.)
   1.   DfFFORMIS.   Walt.
   E. caule volubili;  fo-
 liis infimis  subliuearibus,
 superioribus  ovali-lance-
 olatis, acuminatis;  race-
 mis corymbosis; stamini-
 bus inclusis.   E.
   Echites difformis, Walt. p. 99.
   E. puberula, Mich. 1. p. 120.
   A plant perennial, twining over small shrubs.  Leaves opposite, pu-
 bescent on  the under surface.  Flowers small, pale yellow, in three
 parted corymbs ;  corymbs axillary or between the petioles.   Calyx
 S parted; Segments very acute.  Corolla funnel shaped ; the throat
 naked, but marked with 5 furrows; the border 5 cleft, with segments
 ovate, contracted at the base,  equilateral.  Filaments inserted into
 the base of the corolla, and scarcely more than  half its len°-th. An-
, thers sagittate, the base or auricles destitute of pollen, adhering in
   Stem  climbing;  the
lowest leaves nearly  li-
near, the upper oval lan-
ceolate, acuminate;  ra-
ceme  corymbose ;  sta-
mens included.
Pursh, 1. p. 178. 
PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
3f8
the middle to the stigma.  Germs 2, uniting at the summit into one
style nearly as long as the stamens.  Five thick, obtuse, fleshy, dark
coloured bodies surround the base of the germs.  Follicks long,
straight, slender.
  Grows in damp, rich soils ; in high river swamps, not rare.
  Flowers May—August.
  Since the Catalogue of Genera prefixed to this class was printed
I have 6een  Brown's admirable  view  of the natural orders of the
Asclepiadere  and  Apocyneee, in the transactions of the Wernerian
Society el  Edinburgh.  This plant, the Echites of preceding authors,
certainly, from its corolla, belongs to  the Parsonsia of Brown, al-
though, by its included stamens, it varies from one character of that
genus.
AMSONIA.   Walt.
    Folliculi  duo,  erecti.
Corolla infundibuliformis,
iauce  clausa.    Semina
teretia, nuda, apicibus ob-
Mque-truncatis.

   1.  Latifolia.
   A. caule glabriusculo;
foliis ovali-lanceolatis, su-
perioribus promisse acu-
minatis, subtus ad  nervos
pubescentibus.  Pursh, l.
   Follicles  two,  erect.
Corolla  funnel  shaped,
with the  throat  closed.
Seeds terete, naked, with
the   summit  obliquely
truncate.

   Stem glabrous;  leaves
oval lanceolate, the  up-
per   conspicuously  acu-
minate, pubescent on the
under surface  along the
nerves.
p. 134.
   Mich. l.p. 121.
   Amsonia Tabernsemontana, Walt. p. 98.
   Taberneemontana amsonia,,Sp. pl. 1. p. 1246.
  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, about 2  feet high, glabrous.
Leaves alternate, on very short footstalks, slightly glaucous under-
neath.  Flowers in terminal, corymbose panicles, pale blue.  Folli-
cles long, slender, cylindrical.  Seeds  without any terminal tuft of
hair, nearly black.
  Grows in damp soils.  Very common in the middle country of Ca-
rolina and Georgia.
  Flowers April—May.
   2.   Salicipolia.
   A. caule laevigata ;  fo-
liis lincari-lanceolatis, u,
                        p 2
   Stem  smooth ;  leaves
linear  lanceolate,   acute 
314
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
at  each  end,  very  gla-
brous.
trinque  acutis,  glaberri
mis.   Pursh, 1. p. 184.
  Flowers in terminal corymbs, very numerous, blue
  Found in Carolina and Georgia, by Mr. Lyon.
  Flowers May—June.
3.  Angustifolia.  Mich.
  Stem pubescent; leaves
narrow,  linear,  nume-
rous,  erect,  pubescent.
   A. caule pubescente ;
foliis  angusto-linearibus,
crebris, erectis,pubescen-
tibus.   Mich. l.p. 121.
   Pursh, 1. p. 184.
   A. ciliata, Walt. p. 98.

  Similar in size and  habit to the  first species, but more disposed to
branch near the summit.  Leaves on the stem  linear lanceolate, on
the branches linear and crowded, all hairy and ciliate.  Flowers blue.
  Walter describes his A. ciliata as having tawny flowers.  If this
has not arisen from some typographical error, the variety he describes
has not recently been  seen.
  Grows in the middle districts of Carolina and Georgia; rare in
the lower.
  Flowers April—May.
^wvwwvvwvwvwvw
DIGYNIA.
>VJ \wvw\ www
APOCYNUM.
   Follicuti S,  longi,  li-
neares.  Semina papposa.
Corolla campanulata. An-
theree medio cum stigma-
te cohserentes.
   1.   Androsjemifolium.
   A.  foliis ovatis, glabris;
cymis ternrinalibus, late-
   Follicles 2, long, linear.
Seed bearing a  pappus.
Corolla campanulate. An-
thers adhering in the mid«
die to the stigma.

  Leaves ovate, glabrous;
cymes  terminal and lat- 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
315
ralibusque ; tubo corollse  eral;  tube of the corolla
calycem  superante.        longer than the calyx.
Brown, Trans. Wern. Soc.
 l.p. 67.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1259.  Mich. 1. p. 121.  Pursh, I. p. 179.
  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, erect, 2—3 feet high.  Leaves
opposite, ovate, or oval lanceolate,  mucronate,  somewhat glaucous
underneath.  CoroUa monopetalous, 5 cleft, white tinged with red.
Nectary, 5 oval glands surrounding the germ, purple, viscid. Anthers
scarcely half as long as the corolla
  Grows along the margins of fields and woods, from Canada to
Carolina.  Pursh.
  Flowers June—July.
   Leaves lanceolate,  a-
cute  at  each  end,  gla-
brous  ;   cymes  panicu-
late ;  calyx  as  long  as
the tube of the corolla.
   2.   Cannabinum.
   A. foliis lanceolatis, u-
trinque   acutis,  glabris;
cymis paniculatis;  calyce
tubum corollse  sequante.
Brown, Trans.Wern. Soc.
1. p. 68.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1259 ?  Walt. p. 107.
  Stem herbaceous, 2—3 feet high.  Cymes lateral, longer than the
leaf.   Flowers greenish white.
  Grows in Carolina.  Of  its habitat however I am uncertain, as
this, and the succeeding species have hitherto been confounded. The
Synonymes in Willdenow evidently refer to both species.
  Flowers
3.  Pubescens.   Brown.
   A  foliis  ovato-oblon-
gis,  mucronatis, basi  ob-
tusis, utrinque  cymaque
breviore  pubescentibus ;
calyce   corollam   subse-
quante.   Brown,  Trans.
Wern. Soc.  1. p. 68.
   Flor. Virg. (Ed. prior), p. 68.
   A. cannabinum, Mich. 1. p.  121
   Leaves ovate oblong,
mucronate,   obtuse   at
base, on  both  sides and
with  the  shorter  cyme,
pubescent ;  calyx  nearly
as long as the  corolla.


  Pursh, 1. p. 179. 
316
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
  Stem herbaceous, 2—S feet high.  Leaves almost tomentose on the
under surface.  Cymes terminal.  Flowers greenish.
  Ths  is our most common species of Apocynum.  Grows in pas-
tures, fields, &c. but not? very abundantly.  Columbia; Mr. Herbe-
mont.
  Flowers May—June.
LYONIA.   E.
Pollen masses 10, smooth,
pendulous.     Stamineal
crown 5 leaved,the leaves
flat, erect.   Stigma co-
nical,  2 cleft.   Corolla  1
petalled,    campanulate.
Follicles smooth.
 Massa? pollinis 10, lee ves,
pendulse.  Corona stami-
nea 5-phylla, foliolis pla-
nis, erectis.   Stigma co-
nicum, bifidum.   CoroUa
monopetala,  campanula-
ta.   Folliculi laeves.

   1.   Maritima.
   Cynanchum angustifolium, Muhl. Cat.
   Ceropegia palustris, Pursh, 1. p. 184.

  Perennial. Stem herbaceous, branching, glabrous, climbing over
rushes and  small marine plants.  Leaves opposite,  sessile, linear,
channelled,  somewhat succulent, about an  inch long.  Umbels solita<
ry, axillary  (or rather growing  between the leaves), 9—10 flowered.
Calyx small, 5 parted ; segments acute, erect.  CoroUa 5 parted; seg-
ments lanceolate,  very acute,  glabrous, greenish,  with the summits
slightly reflected.   Leaves of the stamineal erown oval, obtuse, white,
longer than  the stigma, scarcely half as long as the corolla.  Corpus-
cle conical,  slightly furrowed,  and cloven at the summit.  Stamens,
styles,follicles and seed as in the Asclepias.  Follicles very slender.
  Nearly allied to the Diplolepis of Brown.  To the Ceropegia of that
author or even of Linneeus, it seems to have but little aflinity.
  Grows in  land occasionally overflowed by salt water.
  Flowers June—October.
  I have named this plant in honor of Mr. John Lyon, whose in-
defatigable  and successful  researches after the plants of the United
States, merit this notice from American botanists.
ACERATES.
 Massce pollinis I0,lseves,
pendulse.  Corona stami-
«c°a5-phylla; foliolis con-
cavis,  brevibus,  angulis
Pollen masses 10, smooth,
pendulous.     Stamineal
crown 5  leaved;  leaves
concave,  short,  apnres- 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.             317
 sed to tlie  angles of the
 filaments.  CoroUa reflect
 ted.  Follicles smooth.

 Stem decumbent; leaves
 alternate, linear;  umbels
 lateral,  erect;  crown ve-
 ry short.
, 116.  Pursh, 1. p. 183.
iilamentorum  appressis.
Corolla  reflexa.   Funi-
culi lseves.
   1. LONGFFOLIX.
   A. caule decumbente;
foliis alternis, linearibus;
umbellis lateralibus, erec-
tis; corona brevissima.
   Asclcpias longifolia, Mich. 1. jj
   A. iucarnata, Walt. p. 106.
  Perennial.  Stem 18—24 inches high, decumbent  and  erect, pu-
bescent.  Leaves alternate, somewhat crowded, linear lanceolate, ses-
sile, pubescent particularly along the margins and midrib. 4—6 inches
long, 3—4 lines wide.  Umbels near the summit generally verticillate,
2—4 from each joint; pedicels and peduncles about an inch long, pu-
bescent, with a small leaf at the base of each peduncle.  Calyx very
small, 5 parted, erect.  Corolla 3 or 4 times as long as  the calyx, 5
parted, reflected, cinereous, tipped with purple. Leaves of the crown
closely embracing the angles of the corpuscle around its  base, purple.
Horn 0.  Stamens, styles, stigma and fruit, as in the Asclepias.
  The Asclepias viridiflora of Pursh appears to belong to this genus.
It is perhaps doubtful whether the absence of the horn-like  appen-
dages constitutes  a  sufficient character to establish this genus.  I
should certainly have been better satisfied with it had it separated the
species of Asclepias with alternate, from those with opposite leaves.
  Grows in wet pine barrens.
  Flowers May—July.

                    ASCLEPIAS.
Massa? pollinis 10, laeves,
pendulae.   Corona stami-
nea simplex, 5-phylla; fo-
liolis  cucullatis,  e fundo
exserentibus  processum
aversum,   corniformem.
Corolla reflexa.  Follicu-
U lseves.   Brown.
    * Foliis oppositis  seu
verticillatis.
   i.  Variegata.
 A. folns ovali-lanceolatis,
petiolatis, undulatis.  sub-
Pollen masses 10, smooth,
pendulous.     Stamineal
crown simple, 5 leaved;
leaves  cowled,   bearing
from  the  bottom  an  a-
verted, horn shaped pro-
cess.   Corolla reflected.
Follicles smooth.
   * Leaves  opposite   or
verticillate.

  Leaves oval lanceolate,
petiolate, undulate, some* 
318              PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
 tus glaucescentibus; um-    what   glaucous   under-
 bellis terminalibus ; ped-    neath ;  umbels terminal;
 unculis pedicellisque pu-    peduncles   and  pedicels
 bescentibus.   E.              pubescent.
    Sp. pl. 1. p. 1265.  Walt. p. 104.   Pursh, 1. p. 181.
    A. hybrida, Mich. l.p. 115.
   Root perennial.   Stem herbaceous,  simple, erect, 2—2$ feet high,
 terete, with two pubescent lines, dark purple.  Leaves slightly acu-
 minate, strongly veined,  with the veins and margins pubescent; pe-
 tioles half an inch long, pubescent.  Umbels 1—6, naked, at the sum-
 mit of the stem ; peduncles and pedicels about  an inch long, with a
 small, setaceous, caducous leaf  at the  base of each pedicel.  Calyx
 small, 5 parted ; segments subulate, hairy, green, reflexed.  Corolla
 5 parted; segments broad, lanceolate,  glabrous, 3—4 times as long as
 the calyx, green on the outer surface,  white on  the inner.  Nectary
 or stamineal crown composed of 5, fleshy, obtuse, white leaves shorter
 than the petals ;  leaves  involute, slightly impressed  on  the  back,
 bearing from the hollow centre a small horn, acute, incurved.   Fila-
 ments ? 5, sessile,  cohering, with the membranous margins reflected,
 and the summit also membranous, inflected, containing  a cell or sack
 at each interior angle, purple at base, and white at the summit. Pol-
 len masses 10, yellow,  solid, transparent, 3 jointqd, pendulous,  the
 lower joint? punctate, attached to a pentangular, central corpuscle,
 2  at each angle, and hanging  in  the  cells of  the filaments : the 2
 masses at each angle are not inserted into the 2 cells of one, hut into
 the approximating cells of adjoining filaments.   Germs 2, small, conic,
 united at base, covered by the corpuscle to which the pollen masses
 are attached.  Styles short.  Stigmas simple, obtuse.  Follicle lance-
 olate, smooth, opening at one  side.  Seeds flat, orbicular, slightly
 winged, attached to a loose, central receptacle, and crowned  at  the
 summit with a long tuft of silky hair.
  The essential parts of this description will apply to all of the plants
 that really belong to the genus Asclepias.  The species vary in the co-
 lour, figure, and proportional size of the corolla, stamineal crown, horn
 and corpuscle, and from these the best  specific characters will perhaps
 be ultimately derived ;  at present the leaves supply more obvious and
sufficient characters.
  Physiological Botanists still  differ  as to the uses, functions, and
 even names of the parts of the  flower in the  complex structure of
this natural order of plants ; even  the place which the Asclepiade*
 ought to occupy in  the artificial system of Linnaeus has been a subject
 of controversy.  But their connection  with the  Apocyneae, most of
 which are manifestly pentandrous, seems to require their location in
this class.
  All the species  of Asclepias are ornamental, and the pappus has
been applied to purposes of domestic ceconomy.   For ornament this
species, the A. obtusifolia, laurifolia, paupercula and parviflora merit
particular attention; while the A. amplexicauli& 6eems to produce the 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
319
most seed, and consequently will be most valuable if ever it should
become an object to  apply its silky down to purposes of domestic
Utility.
  Grows in rich, dry soils.
  Flowers April—June.
Lyon.
    Stem   erect,  simple;
 leaves broad  lanceolate,
 slightly  acuminate,  gla-
 brous ; umbels lateral, so-
 litary, on  long   pedun-
 cles, nodding.
   S. Phytolaccoides.
   A.  caule erecto,  sim-
plici; foliis lato-lanceola-
tis,   subacuminatis,  gla-
bris ;  umbellis  laterali-
bus, solitariis, longe ped-
unculatis, nutantibus.
   Pursh, 1. p. 180.
   A. exaltata P Muhl. Cat.
  St em 3 - 5 feet high.  Leaves large,  oblong,  on short footstalks,
sometimes acute, more frequently with  a slight  acumination, pale on
the under  surface.  Umbels solitary  at each  of the upper joints.
Flowers large (sweet scented, Pursh) ;  petals dark purple.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.  Extends to New-England.
I have a specimen  from Pendleton county, which appears to belong
to this species, but the leaves are pubescent, almost tomentose on the
under surface.
Flowers July-
-August.
3. Quadrifolia.   Muhl. Cat.
   Leaves by fours, ovate
lanceolate,  slightly  acu-
minate, membranaceous,
glabrous ;  umbels  termi-
nal and axillary.
   A. foliis quaternis, ova-
to-lanceolatis, paulo acu-
minatis,   membranaceis,
glabris;  umbellis termi-
nalibus axillaribusque. E.
   Pursh, 1. p. 188.
  Perennial.  Stem erect, 2—3 feet high, slender, pubescent towards
the summit, the pubescence in lines.  Leaves commonly by fours, the
upper ones opposite, somewhat glaucous underneath, sprinkled with
hairs along the veins and margins, very thin and  delicate in their
texture.  Flowers small.  Leaves of the crown much longer than the
corpuscle.
  From specimens collected by Dr. Macbride, in the mountain vallie*
of Carolina.
  Flowers June—August. 
320
PENTANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
4. Connivens.   Baldwin.
   A. foliis oblongo-ovali-
bus, mucronatis, parce pi-
losis, sessilibus;  coronae
foliolis prselongis, arcua-
tis, conniventibus.   B.
   Leaves   oblong  oval,
mucronate, slightly hairy,
sessile;  leaves  of   the
crown unusually long, in-
curved, connivent at  the
summit.
  Stem erect, 1—2 feet high, cylindrical, more firm in its appearance
than is usual in this genus, terete, glabrous, when very young pubes-
cent.   Leaves sessile, obtuse at base,  oblong, sprinkled with hair.
Umbels 1—4, few  flowered ?   Flowers  perhaps larger than in any
other of our species.   Leaves of the crown twice or  three times as
long as the corpuscle, bent like a bow, with their points meeting over
the summit of the corpuscle : horns shorter than the crown.
  Grows in damp pine barrens near St. Mary's.  B."
  Flowers June.
   Stem erect, branching,
tomentose ; leaves lance-
olate, somewhat  tomen-
tose ;  umbels  generally
by pairs; horns exserted.
   5. Incarnata.
   A. caule erecto, ramo-
so, tomentoso ; foliis lan-
ceolatis,-sub-tomentosis ;
umbellis plerumque gem-
inis ;  corniculis exertis.
   Sp.pl. l.p.!267.   Mich. l.p. 115 ?  Pursh, L p. 181.
   A. polystachia? Walt. p. 107.
  Root perennial.  Stem 4—5  feet high, terete, the young branches
very pubescent.  Leaves long, lanceolate, sometimes acuminate, pu-
bescent along the veins  and margins.  Umbels generally by pairs,
opposite : peduncles and  pedicels pubescent.  Corolla bright purple.
Leaves of the crown not longer than the corpuscle.  Horns exserted.
  Grows very abundantly in the vallies among the mountains.
  Flowers June—August.
   6. TOMENTOSA.   E.
   A.  ioliis ovali-lanceo-
latis, acutis, tomentosis;
umbellis sessilibus, corni-
culis exeitis.   E.
   Leaves   oval  lanceo-
late,  acute, tomentose;
umbels sessile, with the
horns exserted.
  Stem erect, 1—2  feet high, when young very tomentose.  Leaves
oblong, slightly acuminate, very tomentose on the under surface, less
so on the upper.  In my specimens there is  but one terminal sessilt 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
321
umbel.   Leaves of the  stamineal crown shorter than the ^orpuBcle,
truncate ; horns longer than the corpuscle.
  From specimens collected, I believe, by Dr. Baldwin near St. Ma*
ry*s, Georgia.
  Flowers
7. Obovata.   E.
A. foliis obovati?,   ob-
                            1    Leaves  obovate,  ob-
tusis,  mucronatis,  subtus | tuse,  mucronate, tomen-
                            | tose  on  the  under  suiv
                            | face ; umbels nearly ses-
                            | sile, terminal and axillary.
tomentosis; umbellis sub-
sessilibus,    terminalibus
axilla ribusque.    E.
  Stem erect, 2 -3 feet high, terete, tomentose.  Leaves  nearly ses-
sile, the lower ones obovate, very obtuse, mucronate, the upper, when
small, lanceolate, the upper surface thinly sprinkled with hairs, the
lower tomentose. Umbels  nearly sessile.   Leaves  of  the  crown
twice as long as the corpuscle.
  The colour of  the flower I cannot determine from my  specimens.
This plant has much resemblance to  the A. viridiflora of Pursh, but
differs in the length of its stamineal  crown, and in its pubescence,
which is not so soft as in that species.  My specimens have been so
much injured that I cannot  now determine whether it possesses the
horn-like appendages belonging to this genus.  I insert it here until
it can be further examined.
  Sent from Louisville, Georgia, bv Mr. Jackson.
8.   Obtusifolia.  Mich.
   A. foliis  arete  sessili-
bus, cordato-ovatis, obtu-
sis, undulatis, glaberrimis,
subtus glaucescentibus  ;
umbellis plerumque soli-
tariis.  E.
   Leaves closely sessile,
cordate ovate, obtuse, un-
dulate,   very   glabrous,
             underneath  ;
          commonly soli-
glaucous
umbels
tary.
   Mich. 1. p. 115.  Pursh, 1. p. 182.
   A. purpurascens, Walt. p. 105.

  Perennial.  Stem herbaceous, erect, 2—3 feet high, purple. Leaves
frequently  emarginate.  Umbels sometimes 2—3 ;  peduncles long,
naked, w ith pubescent lines.  Corolla large, purple and green, with
the margins nearly white.   Leaves of the stamineal crown dentate at
the summit, purple, longer than the corpuscle ; horns longer than  the
crown ; corpuscle green at base, white at the summit. Follicles large>
sprinkled with fine down.
  Grows in dry soils.
  Flowers  May—July.
$ 
$22
PENTANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
9. Amplexicaulis.   Mich.
   A. glaberrima ;  caule
decumbente ;  foliis ses
    Very glabrous;  stems
 decumbent;  leaves  ses-
 sile,   cordate,   strongly
 veined, glaucous, appres*
 sed ;   umbels  terminal
 and axillary.
182.
 silibus,  cordatis, venosis,
 glaucis,  appressis;  um-
 bellis terminalibus  axilla-
 ribusque.   E.
   Mich. 1. p. 115.  Pursh, l.p
   A. humistrata, Walt. p. 105.
  Root perennial.  Stem 1—2 feet long, terete, generally decumbent,
 as if too weak to support its thick, succulent leaves.  Leaves larget
 veins prominent, purple.  Corolla cinereous.  Leaves of the crown
 truncate, scarcely longer than the corpuscle, white ;  horns longer ?
 than the crown ;  corpuscle purple at base, white at the summit.  Fol-
 licles smooth.
  All  of the species of this genus exude, when broken, a milk-like
 sap: this more abundantly than any other.
  Grows in the driest and most sandy soils.
  Flowers April—July.

   10, PlJRPURASCENS.
   A. caule simplici;  fo-
 liis ovatis, subtus villosis;
 umbejlis erectis ;  necta-
 riis  resupinatis ?  Sp. pl.
 l.p.  1265.
   Pursh, 1. p. 181.
  Stem 2 feet high.   Leaves nearly sessile, oblong, mucronate, slight-
 ly cordate.  Umbel terminal, erect.   Corolla bright purple.  Nectary
in my  specimens erect.
  Grows in shady swamps. Virginia—-Carolina.   Pursh.
  The only specimens I have seen of this species were from Connec
ticut.
   Stem  simple;  leaves
ovate, villous  on the un-
der  surface;  umbels c-
rect; nectaries resupine ?
11. Laurifolia.   Mich.
   A  foliis  subsessilibus,
ovatis,   superne  sensim
angustatis,    acutissimis,
glabris; umbellis pedun-
culatis, terminalibus axil-
laribusque.   E.
Mich. 1. p. 117*  Pursh, 1. p. 182.
A. cordata ? 'Walt. p. 105-.
   Leaves  nearly sessile,
ovate,  tapering  to  the
summit,  very  acute, gla-
brous ;  umbels  on  long
peduncles,  terminal  and
axillary. 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.             323
  Perennial.  Stem 2 feet high, generally erect, near the 9umnut pur
bescent, lower down marked by a decurrent hairy line.  Leaves ob-
tuse at base, sessile, but never so much heart-shaped as to have merit-
ed Walter's name ;  the margins somewhat rough and slightly ciliate.
Umbels few near the summit; common  peduncle 2—3 inches long.
CoroUa 3 or 4 times as long as the calyx, green on the outer surface,
within bright purple.  Leaves of the crown acute, as long as the cor
rolla, twice as long as the corpuscle,  bright purple, approaching to
orange; horn rather shorter than the crown.  Corpuscle brownish
green  at base, white at the summit.
  Grows in the  damp pine barrens of the middle country.
  Flowers June—Julv.
12. Paupercula.   Mich.
   Leaves linear  lanceo-
late, very  long,  remote,
glabrous, with  the  mar-
gins pubescent;  umbels
few flowered.
   A. foliis lineari-lanceo-
latis, pradongis,  remotis,
glabris,  m.irginibus   pu-
bescentibus  ;     umbellis
paucifloris.   E.
   Mich. 1. p. 118.   Pursh, 1. p. 182.
   A. lanceolata, Walt. p. 105.
  Perennial.  Stem erect, 3—4 feet high, glabrous, near the summit
marked by a decurrent hairy line. Leaves sessile, very distant, 6—42
inches long, 4—6 lines wide, acute at each end, with the midrib very
prominent, somewhat fleshy, glaucous underneath, the upper part of
the stem naked.   Umbels 1—3, few flowered ; peduncles long. Flow-
ers very similar to those of the preceding species, but  with colours
more bright and more strongly tinged with red.
  The Asclepias Curassavica, cultivated in our gardens by the name
of Possimum (vulgarised from Apocynum, under  which genus all  the
Asclepiadeae and  Apocyneae were arranged by the  old  botanists),
forms  an intermediate species between the A. laurifolia and A. pau-
percula,  having leaves strictly lanceolate, more  thin and delicate in
their structure than these plants, and flowers more brilliant.
  Grow9 around pine barren ponds, and in damp, sandy  soils.
  Flowers May—July.
   13. Parviflora.
    A.  foliis   lanceolatis,
acuminatis, basi  attenua-
tis,  membranaceis,   gla-
bris ; caule sufTruticoso;
umbellis  axillaribus, soli-
tariis.   E.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1267.  Pursh, 1. p.
   A. pcrennis, Walt. p. 107.
   A. debilis, Mich. 1. p. 116.
   Leaves lanceolate, acu-
minate, tapering  at base,
membranaceous,     gla-
brous ;   stem  somewhat
shrubby ; umbels  axilla-
ry, solitary.
180. 
324
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
  Root perennial.  Stem 1—2 feet  high, decumbent and erect, te-
rete, slightly pubescent, herbaceous in its texture, but not annual
as in most of the other species.  Leaves slightly pubescent, with a
silky lustre on the upper  surface ; petioles 3—4 lines long, scarce^
ly more than the attenuated base of the leaves, pubescent.   Umbels
4—8, generally solitary, axillary and terminal, many flowered ; flow
ers small.   Corolla white, 2 or  3 times as long as the corpuscle.
Leaves of the crown obtuse, very white, scarcely longer than the cor-
puscle ; horns as long as  the corolla.   Corpusck  purple  at base,
white at the summit.
  Grows in rich, wet soils, river swamps-; common along the Ogeechee.-
  Flowers May—August.
   14.  NlVEA.
   A. foliis  ovato-lanceo-
latis,  glabriusculis ;  um-
bellis  erectis, lateralibus,
solitariis ; caule simplici.
Sp.  pl. l. p  1266.
   Pursh, 1. p. 180.
  Grows on the banks of rivers in gravelly soils, from Virginia to
Carolina.  Pursh.
  Flowers July—August.
   Leaves  ovate-lanceo-
late,  nearly   glabrous ;
umbels erect,  lateral, so-
litary ;  stem simple.
  Leaves linear, revolute,
verticillate and opposite;
umbels terminal  and ax-
illary ;   flowers  small ;
horns exserted.
   15.  Verticillata.
   A. foliis linearibus, re-
volutis, verticillatis oppo-
sitisque;  umbellis termi-
nalibus   axillarihusque  ;
floribus  parvulis ;  corni-
culis exertis.   E.
                             ■
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1272.  Walt. p. 106.  Mich. 1, p. 116. Pursh, 1. p. 185.
  Stem  erect, 2—3 feet high, slender.  Leaves linear, sometimes-
crowded near the  base of the stem, verticillate near the middle, op-
posite towards the  summit, and, with tlie stem, a little hairy.   Umbels
terminal and axillary, sometimes verticillate, 2—3 or 4 around the
upper joints.  Corolla cinereous.  Leaves  of the crown  truncate,
half as long as the corpuscle, white ; horns- long, exserted j  corpusck
green at base, white at the summit.
  Grows in rich, light soils.
  Flowers May—August..
«e* 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
S25
   16. Cine re a.   Walt.
   A. foliis longis, lineari-      Leaves  long,   linear,
bus,  oppositis ;  umbellis   opposite;  umbels  few,
paucis,  terminalibus, nu-   terminal,  naked ;  horns
dis ;  corniculis  brevibus.   short.
E.
   Walt. p. 105.

  Stem erect, slender,  2—3  feet high. Leaves linear, 3—4 inches
long, glabrous, opposite; the upper  part of the  stem naked, or with
very minute leaves.  Umbels 2—3. near the summit.  Flowers few in
eacn umbel, large for the delicate structure of the plant; the general
colour of the flower is cinereous, but it derives singular beauty  from
the fine tints and shading, with which nature has enriched its sombre
hue.  Leaves of the  crown truncate, shorter than the corpuscle, with
the horns slightly projecting.
  Grows in damp pine barrens, in the middle country.  Screven coun-
ty, Georgia.
  Flowers June—July.-
   ** Foliis alternis.          ** Leaves alternate.

   17,  Angustifolia.   E.
   A. foliis sparsis, lance-     Leaves scattered, strap
olato-lineaiibus,parcepu-  shaped,  slightly  pubes-
bescentibus;  umbella so-  cent; umbel solitary, ter~
litaria, terminali;  corni-  mfnal;  horns  included.
culis inclusis.   E.
   A. tuberosa ?  Walt. p. 106.

  Perennial.  Stem 8—18 inches high, terete, pubescent.  Leaves
exactly strap shaped, 3—4 inches long, 2—3 lines wide, acute at each
end.  Flowers in a small, terminal umbel.  Corolla greenish or ciner
eous.  Leaves of the crown nearly orange coloured, longer than the
corpuscle : horns included.
  Grows in wet pine barrens, two miles from Purvsburgh, on the road
to Coosawhatchie.
  Flowers May—June.


   18. Tuberosa.
   A.  hirsuta;  foliis ob-  [     Hirsute  ; leaves  ob~
longo-lanceolatis,   alter-   long  lanceolate,   alter-
nis,  subconfertis;  caule   nate, somewhat  crowd- 
326            PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
 fruticoso,  ramoso ;  urn- I ed  ;   stem   frutescent,
 bellis corymbosis.   E.    | branching ;   umbels  co.
                             | rymbose.
   Sp. pl. 1. p.  1273.  Mich, 1. p. 117.  Pursh, 1. p. 183.
   A. decumbens, Walt. p. 106.
  Root tuberous, perennial.  Stem erect, and  decumbent, hirsute,
 perennial, branching near the summit, with the branches expanding.
 Leaves sometimes much crowded, sessile, or with petioles, obtuse at
 base, slightly undulate and revolute.  Umbels  erect, and from the
 the curvature of the expanding branches frequently forming a  large
 corymb.  Corolla and crown bright orange coloured ; corpuscle tinged
 with green ; leaves of the crown twice as long as the corpuscle.
  I possess a variety of this plant co'Iected by the late  Robert Por-
 teous, Esq. of Beaufort, in which the  leaves are uniformly opposite ;
 in all other respects it agrees  minutely with the common specie*.
  Grows in dry, sandy soils.
  Flowers May—September.     Pleurisy root.  Butterfly weed.
  Notwithstanding the celebrity of the root of this plant  as a remedy
 for pleurisies, it can only be considered as an auxiliary.  A decoction,
taken  warm,  promotes perspiration  and  acts  very  slightly  on the
 bowels and urinary discharge.
PODOSTIGMA.   E.
   Corpusculum  pedicel-
latum.    Massa  pollinis
10,  lseves, pendulge.   Co-
rona staminea 5-phylla;
foliolis compressis.   Co-
rolla campanulata.   Fol-
liculi  lseves.
   1. Pubescens.
   P. caule erecto; foliis
linearibus;  umbellis ter-
minalibus axillaribusque;
corpusculo   pedicellato.
E.
   Corpuscle on a pedicel.
Pollen masses 1 o, smooth^
pendulous.    Stamineal
crown  5  leaved  ;   the
leaves compressed.   Co-
rolla campanulate.   Fol-
licles smooth.

   Stem erect; leaves li-
near ;  umbels  terminal
and axillary;  corpuscle
on  a pedicel.
   Asclepias pedicellata, Walt. p. 106.  Pursh, 1. p. 182.

  Perennial.   Stem erect, 12—18  inches high, terete,  pubescent.
Leaves 1—2 inches long, 2  lines wide, acute at each end.   Umbels
on short peduncles, few flowered.  Flowers rather  large.   Corolla
oblong, erect, yellowish green.  Leaves of the crown about one third 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.             327
as long as the corolla, somewhat expanded between the segments of
the corolla, compressed, and hooded ? attached at base and ascending
the pedicel;  corpuscle angular, supported by a pedicel nearly as
long as the corolla.  Germs 2.
  On dissecting this plant, I first noticed a fibre or chord extending
through the centre of the corpuscular  pedicel and communicating
from the anthers to the germ.  Dr. Macbride has  since seen it in
some species of the Asclepias.
  This genus is closely allied to the Calotropis.  Brown.
  Found by me, many years ago, in dry pine barrens in Effingham
county, Georgia; near St. Mary's, by Dr. Baldwin j eight miles from
Charleston, by Mr. Fraser.
  Flowers May.
   2. VfRIDIS.
   P ? caule erecto ;  foliis
oblongis, obtusis, petiola-
tis;  umbellis  subtermi-
nalibus.   Walt.
   Stem erect; leaves ob-
long,  obtuse,  petiolate ;
umbels generally termi-
nal.
   Asclepias viridis, Walt. p. 107.

  Leaves smooth.   Umbels few.  Petals large, erect, green.  Leaves
of the crown entire, expanding, short, purple j corpuscle dark brown
at base, white at the summit.  Walt.
  I am only acquainted with this plant by the description of Walter.
It probably  belongs to this genus.  I was informed by the late R.
Squibb, that it was found by him on the plantation of Mr. Lowndes,
at Ashepoo, and sent to Walter.
  Flowers May—
GONOLOBUS.  Mich.
 Massa pollinis io,lseves,
transversae.   Corolla ro-
tata.   Corona  staminea
erecta, corpusculum cin-
gens, 5-loba; lobis 3-den-
tatis.
Pollen masses 10, smooth,
transverse.   Corolla  ro-
tate.    Stamineal  crown,
erect,   surrounding   the
corpuscle, 5  lobed ;  the
lobes  3  toothed.
   l. Macrophyllus.   Mich.
   G.  foliis lato-cordatis, I    Leaves broad, cordate,
§inu clauso, abrupte acu- | with the  sinus closed, ab- 
g&g             PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
minatis;  folliculis muri-   ruptly  acuminate  ;  foDU
catis ; lobis  coronse  divi-   cles muiicate ; lobes  of
sis.   E.                      the crown divided.
   Mich. 1. p. 119 ?  Pursh, 1. p. 176 ?
   Vincetoxicum acanthocarpos, Walt. p. 104.
  Stem twining, climbing over small  shrubs.   Leaves large, opposite^
with the whole  plant pubescent.  Flowers in axillary umbels.  Car
rolla 5 parted,  of an obscure yellow colour; lobes oblong, obtuse,
Crown rather longer than the  corpuscle ; the 2 lateral teeth of each
lobe small, linear, the  intermediate larger.  Stigma  depressed, so
that the pollen masses extend  horizontally.
  Small as this genus is, I  have arranged the species with much hesi-
tation, and made the  references with  uncertainty.  I have found, (my
observations however have been desultory), this species, distinguished
by its large and  rounded leaves, always bearing hispid fruit; and on
a label accompanying a specimen of this plant from Dr. Baldwin,  he
has written " fruit hispid."   Yet Michaux describes his G. niacro-
phyllus as having follicles "costato-angulatis;" and Walter ascribes
to his V. gonocarpos the leaves that apparently belong to this species.
Perhaps some intermediate species are yet to be made known.
  Grows in light soils.
  Flowers June—August.
  The  root of  this species, and  probably of the others, acts on the
bowels  in a manner similar to  colocynth.
   2.  Carolinensis ?
   G.  foliis  oblongo-cor-      Leaves oblong cordate,
datis, subauriculatis, sinu   slightly   auriculate,  with
aperto, acuminatis;  fol-   the  sinus  open,  acumi-
liculis costato angulatis ;   nate ;  follicles ribbed and
lobis coronse coalitis.   E.   angled ;  lobes   of  the
                               crown united.
   G. hirsutus, Mich. 1. p.  119.  Pursh, 1. p. 179.
   Cynanchum Carofinense ?  Sp. pl. I. p. 1256.
   Vincetoxicum gonocarpos,  Walt. p. 104.
  Stem twining, with the whole plant pubescent.   Leaves oblong,
slightly acuminate.   Umbels axillary.   Corolla dark purple, the seg-
ments long, elliptic,  obtuse.   Crown rather longer than the corpus-
cle, so  united as only to exhibit a margin where 2  minute teeth  al-
ternate with a larger one.
  Grows among shrubbery; sometimes found in close, clayey soils.
  Tlowers May—August.
   3. Obliquus.
   G. caule twining, hirto;
foliis ovato-cordatis, acu-
   Stem  twining, hirsute;
leaves ovate cordate, a- 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
329
tis; corymbis axillaribus;
laciniis  corollse ovatis, a-
cuminatis.
cute ; corymbs axillary;
segmeiits of the  corolla
ovate, acuminate.
   Cynanchum obliquum, Sp. pl. l.p. 1256.

  Grows in Carolina. Willd.  This, if really a native ef this country*
has not recently been seen.
   4.  PltOSTRATUS?
   G. caule prostrato,her-
baceo;   foliis  reniformi-
cordatis, acutis, subtus to-
me ntosis.
   Stem prostrate, herba-
ceous ;  leaves reniform
cordate, acute, tomentose
underneath.
   Cynanchum prostratum,  Sp. pl. l.p. 1257.

  Stem dividing near the base into many divaricate branches, 6—-12
inclies long, liairy   Lower leaves often reniform ; the upper cordate,
generally acute ; all slightly hairy on both sides, and ciliate.  Umbels
axillary, 3 flowered.   Flowers binall, purplish. Petals ovate, obtuse.
Follicles oval, smooth.  Baldwin.
  This plant was first found, without flower or fruit, by Mr. Lyon, on
the sand bills near Fort Barrington on the Alatamaha.   It has  since
been seen in a mature state, and carefully described by Dr. Baldwin*
CHENOPODIUM.   Gen. pl. 435.
    Calyx 5-pb) litis, 5-go-
 nus. mCorolla 0.    Semen
 l, Icnticularc, superum.
    1. Murale.
    C.  foliis  ovatis,  inse-
 qualiter  dentatis,  acutis,
 nitidis;  racemis  corym-
' bosis,  nudis ;  caule ra-
 in oso, patulo.   Sp. pl. l.
 p. 1301.
    Pursh, 1. p.  198.
   Stem 12—18 inches high, branching, decumbent.  "Leaves ovate
 lanceolate, on  long petioles.  Florvers in leafy, axillary panicles-?
 composed of spikes on which the flowers are densely clustered,.
   Found among rubbish along the river side, Beaatort.
  Flowers August—September.
   Calyx 5 leaved,  5 an*
gled.  Corolla 0.  Seed l,
lenticular,  superior.

   Leaves ovate, unequal-
ly toothed, acute, shining;
racemes corymbose, na-
ked ; stem  branching, ex-
panded. 
S3G
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
  Leaves rhomboid ovate,
erose, entire at base,  the
upper   oblong,  entire;
seeds smooth.
   2.  Album.
   C.  foliis  rhomboideo-
ovatis, erosis, postice- in-
tegris,  superioribus  ob-
longis, integerrimis ;  se-
minibus lsevibus.   Smith  j
Fl. Brit. 1. p. 273.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1302.  Walt. p. 111.  Pursh, 1. p. 198.

  Annual.  Stem 3—6 feet high, branching.  The leaves, when the
plant has nearly attained its growth, white as if covered with a thin
pellicle.  Panicle axillary, composed of a few spikes.
  The C. viride, now considered as a variety of this species, is conspi-
cuous  when young by a more vigorous foliage and a  bright green
colour ; when old I have found myself unable to distinguish them by
any character.                                 *
  Grows in gardens and around buildings.
  Flowers July—September.                   Lambs quarter,
   3- BOTRYS.
   C foliis oblongis, sinu-
atis ; racemis nudis, mul-
tifidis.  Sp. pl. l. p. 1304.
   Pursh, 1. p. 198.

  Annual.   Stem much branched.
segments toothed.  The extremities of the branches  crowded with
flowers.  The flavour of the whole plant is strong but not unpleasant
  Grows about Columbia.
  Flowers Jul^—August.
  Leaves oblong, sinuate;
racemes  naked,   many
parted.


 Leaves deeply sinuate, with the
     Leaves  lanceolate,
toothed ;  racemes sim-
ple, leafy.
  4.  Ambrosioides.
   C.  foliis  lanceolatis,
dentatis;  racemis folia-
tis, simplicibus.   Sp. pl.
1. p. 1304.
   Pursh, 1. p. 198.

 .The leaves in this species are delicate in their texture, toothed,not
sinuate, and the branches have not the naked appearanee of thereof
the G. botrys.

  FloOW8 injTdj fields* GeM8W- P^sh.  Very frequent/ 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.             334
   5. Anthelminticum.
   C. foliis oblongo-lunce-
olatis, sinuato-dentatis, ru-
gosis ;  racemis aphyllis ;
stylo  l, trifido.  E.
   Leaves oblong lanceo-
late, sinuate and dentate,
rugose;  racemes naked;
style l, 3 cleft.
   Sp.pl. l.p. 1304, Walt.p. 111. Mich. 1. p. 173. Pursh, l.p.

  Root perennial.   Stem herbaceous,  erect,  furrowed, branching,
4—6 feet high.  Leaves alternate, nearly sessile, glabrous, strongly
veined, sprinkled on the under surface with glandular atoms   Flow-
ers in axillary, leafless spikes, which toward the summit of the branches
become densely crowded.  Calyx 1 leaved, 5 parted, persistent, gla-
brous ; the segments concave, acute. Filaments longer than the ca?
lyx,  transparent.   Anthers  incumbent, recurved, yellow.   Germ
superior, turbinate, truncate.  Style 3 cleft, as long as the  stamens.
Stigmas simple, acute.
  This is probably our only indigenous  species.  The others have aU
been introduced. Specimens of this plant which I have received from
the Eastern States differ from ours by leaves less rugose, dentate not
sinuate, and flowers in detached clusters (glomerules), not in pani-
eulate spikes as with us.
  Grows in loose soils.  Common in pastures.
  Flowers June—August.                      Jerusalem Oak.
  The expressed juice of the leaves was formerly much used in family
practice as a preventive of worms in children.  An ounce or two was
given on an empty stomach once or twice a week.  The*health of puny
children is sometimes improved by it.  The essential oil of the seed
has been much extolled as a vermifuge.

                 SALSOLA.   Gen.  pl.
     Calyx 5 leaved.   Co*
1  rolla ().   Capsule  l seed-
  ed.  Seed spiral.
   Calyx 5-phyllus.   Co-
rolla 0.   Capsula l-sper-
ma.   Semen cochleatum.
   1.  Caroliniana.
   S.  herbacea,  decum-
bens, glabra ;   foliis  dila-
tato-subulatis,  spinescen-
tibus  ;   calycibus   fruc-
tiferis    explanato-alatis.
Persoon ex Mich.
   Walt. p. HI.   Mich. l.p.  174.
  Annual ? Stem erect, much branched, striate, very glabrous, at the
summit of tlie stem and branches slightly angled ; the lower branches
   Herbaceous,  decum-
bent,  glabrous  ;   leaves
dilated  subulate,  spiny 5
calyx when  in fruit flat*
tened, winged. 
383              PENTANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
rest on the ground and give it the appearance of a procumbent plant.
Leaves alternate, fleshy, terete, compressed and dilated  at base, em-
bracing the stein, very acute and rigid, half  an inch  long.  Flowers
generally  solitary, axillarv, sessile, with two leaves at the base of
each.  Leaves of the calyx wide at. base, slightly acuminate  at  the
incurved summit, rose coloured, persistent.   Fi ainevts  longer than
the calyx.   Anthers incumbent, purple.   Germ  superior, depressed.
Styles 2, as long as the stamens. • Stigmas acute.   Capsule ovate, de-
pressed, glabrous.  Seed spiral.
  Grows on the drifting sands along the margins of the ocean,.and
»3 probably only a variety of S. kali.
  Flowers through the whole summer.
    Herbaceous,   erect;
leaves linear, acute, suc-
culent, glabrous ; flowers
by threes, axillary,  spik-
ed ;  styles 2, simple.
   2.  Linearis.   E.

   S?  herbacea,  erecta ;
foliis  linearibus,   acutis,
carnosis, glabris ; floribus
ternis,  axillaribus,  spica-
tis ;  stylis 2, simplicibus.
E.
    S. salsa?  Mich. 1. p 174.  Pursh, 1. p. 197.
    Chenopodium maritimum, Walt. p. 111.

    Root annual. Stem nearly erect, terete, furrowed, very glabrousy
much  branched.  Leaves alternate, sessile, nearly 2 inches long.
Flowers sessile, in 3  flowered fascicles, axillary, crowded.  Leaves
of the calyx obtuse, concave, angled on the back, fleshy.   Filaments
longer than  the calyx.  Anthers incumbent, yellow.  Germ ovate
Styk 0.   Stigmas 2, simple, nearly acute.   Seed covered with a thin,
black, glossy pellicle (capsule), and clothed  by the permanent calyx,.
lenticular, and  obscurely spiral.
   This appears to be an intermediate species between the  S. salsa and
spicata.   From the former it differs by its calyx and styles, from the
latter by its leaves.
   The Salsola Caroliniana is thinly scattered along our sea coast- but
grows readily from the seed, aud  Could easily  be multiplied.  This-
species now grows in some situations on our sea  islands so abundant*
ly, that if the humidity of our climate opposes no difficulty to the pro-
cess, it might be profitably employed in the manufacture of Barilla.
   Grows along the margin of the ocean.  Generally found above  the
reach of common spring tfdes, but in situations occasionally inundat-
ed*
   Flowers September—October^ 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA;             S&3
ULMUS.   Gen. pl.
   Calyx 5 cleft.  Corolla
0.  Samara compressed,
membranaceous.   (Sta-
mens 4—8.)

   Branches  smooth,  re-
curved; serratures of the
leaves  hooked,   acumin-
ate ;  flowers pedicellate;
fruit fimbriate.
   Calyx 5-fidus.   CoroU
la o.   Samara compres-
so-membranacea.  (Sta-
mina 4—8V)
   1. Americana.
   U. ramis  Isevibus,  re-
curvis; foliorum serratu-
ris  unciuato-acuminatis;
floribus    pedicellatis   ;
fructibus fimbriatis.
Mich. l. p. 173.
   Mich. Arbres forest 3^p. 269.*
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1325.  Walt. p. 111.   Pursh, 1. p. 199.

  A  tree whiih iu favorable soils attains a very great size.  In the
tow country  of Georgia and Carolina, which is nearly its southern
limit, it rarely exceeds 40 or 50 feet in height, and 1 or 2 in diameter.
Its branches,  when young and vigorous, are  gracefully recurved like
the featherof the ostrich, and distinguish the tree even at a distance.
Leaves alternate, lanceolate, oblique, doubly serrate, acuminate, un-
equal at base. Flowers in small fascicles, 5—10, generally appearing
before the leaves.   Stamens varying  from  4—8.  Germ  superior^
Styles 2, short, reflected.   Fruit a " dry berry," Linn, surrounded
by a large membranous wing, and containing one seed.  Geertner calls
this fruit a Samara.
  Michaux the younger, in his splendid work on the Forest  Trees of
North America, considers this tree, when, in favorable situations, as the
most magnificent in the temperate climes of the  two continents.  In
the plains of  Genessee,  aud the valTies of  the Ohio, it sometimes at-
tains the height of 100 feet, with a diameter of 4—5, and is more re-
markable for its grace and  beauty than its  size.  Its wood, howeves,
he considers inferior to  the Elm of Europe (U. campestris), and re-
commends the introduction into this country of the curled variety of
the European Elm.
  Grows in rich, close soils, and along the  margins of swamps.
  Flowers February--March.                           Elm.
&
   2. Fulvx.
   U. foliis ovali-oblongis,
longissime acuminatis, u-
trinque  pubescentibus ;
    Leaves  oval  oblong,
with  a  very long acumi-
nation, pubescent on both 
334
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
sides ;  buds tomentose,
with  a thick, tawny wool;
flowers  sessile.
gemmis lana densa, fulva,
tomentosis ; floribus ses-
silibus.   Pers. ex Mich.
   Mich. 1. p. 172.   Pursh, 1. p. 200.
   U. rubra,  Mich.  Arb. For. 3. p. 278.
   U. campestris ? Walt. p. 111.
  A tree generally of smaller size than the preceding.  Leaves much
larger, oval^ doubly serrate, equal at base, and sometimes slightly
cordate, very rough   Flowers nearly sessile.  (Stamens 5—7.) Stig-
mas purple.   Samara pubescent.  Mich.
   Gro-s around Columbia, in fertile spots ; rarely seen in the  low
country. The flowers, as in the other species of Ulmus, expand be-
fore the leaves.
  Flowers February—March.                   Slippery Elm.
   3. Alata.
   U. ramis  utrinque ala-
to-suberosis ;   foliis  ob-
longo-ovalibus, sensim a-
cutis, basi  subsequalibus;
fructu pubescente, ciliato.
Pers. ex Mich.
   Branches on each  side
winged with a  cork-like
bark ; leaves 6blongoval,
acute,   nearly   equal  at
base; fruit pubescent^ ci-
liate.
   Mich. 1. p. 173.  Pursh, l.p. 200.
   Mich. Arb. For. 3. p. 275
   U. pumila, Walt. p.  111.
  A small tree, rarelv exceeding 30 feet in height; remarkable for the
corky excrescence wjjich grows along  tlie branches, on two opposite
sides.  Leaves nearly sessile, oblong  lanceolate, acute, not  acumi-
nate, doubly serrate, equal at base.  JSamara pubescent and ciliate.
  Grows, fflce the U. Americana, in close, fertile soils.
  Flowers February—March.                        Whahoo.
  In  our lojw country, however, the name whahoo is even now indis-
criminately applied to every species of Elm.

               PLANERA.   Gmel.
   Calyx   campanulatus,
3—5  fidus.   Corolla  0.
Stigmata 2.  Nux 1 spei*-
ma, scabrata.
   1.  Gmelini.   Mich.
    Calyx   campanulate*
3—5  cleft.    Corolla  0.
Stigmas 2.   Nut i seed-
ed, roughened.
Sp. pl. 4. p. 967.   Mich. 2. p. 248.  Pursh, 1. p. 115.
Anon, aquatica, Walt. p. 230.
P. ulmifolia, Mich. Arb. Forest S. p. 283. 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
335
  A tree, generally about 30 or 40 feet high, resembling very much
the Elm in its foliage.  Leaves ovate, acute, or slightly acuminate,
serrate, glabrous, equal at  base.   Flowers  axillary, generally by
threes.   Segments of the calyx and stamens  {3—5) variable in num-
ber.  Germ superior, ovate.  Stigmas 2, recurved, feathered.  Nut
slightly keeled, roughened as if  irregularly covered with scales.
  Grows in the river swamps in Carolina and Georgia; very com-
mon on the Santee.
  Flowers very regularly in the last week in February.
CELTIS.   Gen.  pl. 1591.
   Drupa 1-sperm a.  Ca-
lyx 5—6 partitus.    Sta-
mina 5—6.   Styli 2, pa-
lentes.
   1.   Occidentals.
   C. foliis ovatis, acumi
natis,  sequaliter  serratis,
basi  insequalibus,  supra
scabris, subtus hirtis; fruc-
tu solitario.  'Pursh, l.p.
200
                                Drupe l seeded.   Ca-
                              lyx 5—6  parted.   Sta-
                              mens 5—6.  Styles 2, ex-
                              panding.

                                Leaves  ovate, acumi-
                              nate, equally serrate, un-
                              equal at base, scabrous on
                              the upper  surface, hairy
                              on the under; fruit soli-
                              tary.
   Sp. pl. 4. p. 994.  Walt. p. 250.  Mich. 2. p. 249.
   Mich. Arb. Forest. 3. p. 225.
  A  large tree, sometimes  attaining a height of 60—80 feet, with a
diameter of 3—4.   It was formerly much cultivated on the sea islands
as an ornamental tree, but it has been latterly neglected.  Flowers and
fruit very small   IJrupe nearly globular, purple.  The thin pulp that
envelopes the nut is very  sweet, and has acquired for the tree, in
many places, the popular name of Sugar berry Tree.
  Grows in rich, light soils, on the sea islands; generally along the
margin of the salt water.
  Flowers April—May.
HYDROLEA.
 Calyx 5-partitus. Corol-
la subcampanulata.  Fila-
tnenta basi dilatata.  Cap-
sula a locularis, % valvis.
  Calyx 5 parted.  Corolla.
campanulate.  Filaments
dilated at base.   Capsule
a celled^ 2 valved. 
£36             PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA-
    1.  Quadrivalvis.   Walt
    H.   spinosa,  hirsuta  ;      Spiny,  hairy ;  loaves
 foliis cuneato-lanceolatis,   wedge  shaped  at  base,
 longis ;  floribus  subses-   lanceolate, long ; flowers
 silibus, axillaribus.   Pers.   nearly sessile,  axillary,
 ex Mich.
    Walt. p. 110.  Pu rsh, 1. p. 187.
    H. Caroliniana, Mich. l.p.  177.
  Root creeping, perennial.  Stem 1—2 feet high, decumbent and as-
 surgent, sometimes branched, hairy, slightly furrowed and geniculate.
 Leaves alternate, acute, entire,  hairy along  the veins, shining, taper-
ing at base.  Flowers 2—6, in  axillary dusters, with a spine at each
 axil.  Peduncles 1—2 lines long, hairy.   Calyx  1  leaved, 5 parted,
 hairy; segments subulate, equal.   Corolla  1 petalled, nearly cam-
 panulate, pubescent, azure, border 5 parted ; segments  acute.  Fila-
 ments inserted into the tube of the corolla, dilated at base, not strict?
 ly cordate, shorter than the corolla, azure.  Anthers  incumbent, 2
 celled.  Germ superior, ovate,  glabrous.   Styles as long as the sta-
 mens, azure.   Stigihas obtuse, glandular.  Capsule globose, glabrous,
 somewhat mucronate, 2 celled, 4 valved ?   Seeds numerous, small,
 oval, attached to a large central receptacle.
  Grows in wet, boggy ground,around ponds.
  Flowers July--September.

    2.  Corymbos \.   Macbride.
    H. inermis, subglahra;      Without spines, nearly
 foliis  lanceolatis ;  calyci-   glabrous ; leaves lanceo-
 bus hispidis ; floribus ter-   late ;  calyx  hispid; llow-
 minalibus.  E.               ers terminal.

  Creeping, perennial.  Stem 2 feet high, assurgent or ierect, smooth
 near the base, among the branches a little hairy.   Leaves alternate,
 sessile, somewhat ovate lanceolate, the veins and margins  finely pu-
 bescent, the old leaves glabrous, smaller than in the preceding spe-
 cies.  Flowers on the summit of each small branch,  solitary, forming
 small terminal corymbs.  Calyx deeply  5 parted (perhaps 5 leaved);
 segments lanceolate, acute, hairy, almost hispid.  CoroUa 3 times as
 long as the  calyx, nearly campanulate; segments of the border ovate,
 azure, with yellowish veins, and 5 white spots near  the base.   Fila-
 ments nearly as long as the corolla, suddenly dilated at base.  Styles
 longer than the stamens.   Stigmas small, capitate.   Capsule globose^
 glabrous, 2 valved.
  The corolla  in this  species is much larger than in the preceding ;
 and the plant,  from its mode of flowering and the  bright colours of
 its corolla, very ornamental.
  Found by Dr. Macbride in the pine barren ponds in St Stephens.
  Flowers through the  summer 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.             ?37
HEUCHERA.
   Petala  5.   Capsula 2-
rostiis, 2-loeularis,
   1. Americana.
   H. viscoso-pubescens;
scapis   subnudis,  thyrso
elonsato ; foliis radicali-
   Petals  5.   Capsule 8
beaked, 2 celled.

   Viscid and pubescent;
scapes naked, thyrsus e-
longated;  radical leaves
on  long  petioles,  wit&
rounded lobe*.
bus longe  petiolatis,  ro-
tundato-lobatis.   Pers. 1.
p. 290.
   Sp. pl. 1. p.     Walt. p. 111.
   H. cortusa, Mich. 1. p. 171.
   H. viscida, Pursh, 1. p. 187.
  Perennial.   Stem 0.  Leaves  all radical, cordate, 5—7 lobed, the
lobes rounded and dentate ; the teeth m'ucronate, the margin of the
leaves finely  fringed; leaves 2—3 inches in  either direction.  Peti-
oles 4—6 inches long.  Scape naked, 2—3 feet high, terete.   Flow*
ers in a long terminal panicle or thyrsus.  Calyx 5 parted.   Petals
small, inserted into the tube of the  calyx. Filaments much  longer
than the calyx, into which  they  are inserted.   Anthers 2 celled.
Germ superior, 2 parted, at  the summit tapering into 2 long styles..
Capsule in 2 long beaks.  Seeds numerous, small.
  Grows in close, rich soils ; generally near water courses ;  Colum-
bia county, Georgia.
  Flowers April—May.
   2.  Hispid a.   Pursh.
   H.  foliis acute-lobatis
dentatisque, supra hispi-
do-pilosis  ;   pedunculis
paniculse paucifloris; pe-
talis  spathulatis,  longitu-
dine  calycis.   Pursh,  l.
   Leaves  acutely lobed
and  toothed,  hispid  on
the upper  surface ; ped-
uncles of the panicle few
flowered ;  petals spathu-
late, as long as the calyx.
p. 188.
  Petioles and under surface of the leaves glabrous ; teeth of the
leaves very short, slightly retuse,  mucronate.   Calyx short, acute.
Stamens exserted.  Pursh.
  Grows on the high mountains of Virginia and Carolina.  Pursh.
  Flowers May—June.
                         S2 
338
PENTANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
3. Caulescens.   Pursh.
   H.  basi  suffruticosa ;
foliis acute-lobatis, denta-
tis, ciliatis, supra glabris;
petalis linearibus, calyce
duplo longioribus.  Pursh,
1. p. 188.
  Shrubby at base; leaves
acutely  lobed,   dentate,
ciliate, glabrous  on the
upper surface ; petals  li-
near, twice as long as the
calvx.
  Scape, at base, and the  petioles hairy.  Leaves hairy  along the
nerves of the under surface ; teeth acute, mucronate.  Calyx short,
villose.  Petals white.  Pursh.
  Found on the high mountains of Carolina, by Mr. Lyon.
  Flowers May—June.
DICHONDRA.  Gen. pl. 451.
   Calyx 5-partitas.  Co-
roUa campanulata, 5-par-
tita. .  Capsular &, mono-
spermy.
   1. Carolinensis.
   D. pubescens; foliis ro-
tundato-reniformibus,  u*
trinque  viridibus ;  caly-
cibus villoso-ciliatis.
   Calyx 5 parted.   Co*
rolla campanulate, 5 part-
ed.  Capsules 2, one seed-
ed.

 Pubescent;leaves round
reniform, green on  both
sides ;  calyx  villous  a-
long the margins.
   Mich. 1. p. 136.  Pursh, 1. p. 187.
   Anon, repens,  Walt. p. 110.

  Perennial.  Stem prostrate, creeping, pubescent, terete.  Leaves
alternate, entire, or slightly emarginate. a little 1 airy on both sur-
faces.  Petioles nearly an inch long. Flowers axillary, solitary Ca-
lyx persistent; segments obovate, obtuse, hairy.  Corolla as long as
the calyx, white ; segments oval, obtuse.  Filaments shorter than the
corolla, inserted into its tube.  Anthers 2 colled, incumbent, purple.
Germ superior, nearly round, compressed, emarginate, very  villous.
Styles 2. setaceous, as long as the stamens.  Stigmas globose. Cap-
sule 2 celled, 2 valved.  Seed 1 in each cell.
  Grows in most soils not inundated.
  Flowers Ai arch—May.. „ 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.            830
GENTIANA.  Gen. pl. 450.
   Corolla l-petala.  Cap-
sula 2-valvis, 1-locularis ;
rcceptaculis 2, longitudi-
nalibus.
   1. SA PON ARIA.
   G. foliis  ovato-lanceo-
latis, aeutis, glabris ; ca-
lycis laciniis ovatis,  tubo
brevioribus; corollse lim-
bo  connivente, plicis in-
ternis inaequaliter  nitidis,
exteriores sequantibus. E.
  Corolla i petalled.  Cap.
sale 2 valved,  l  celled;
with z longitudinal recep.
tacles.

   Leaves  ovate  lanceo-
late, acute, glabrous; seg-
ments of the calyx ovate,
shorter  than  the  tube  ;
corolla with the  border
connivent,  the  interior
segments   unequally   2
cleft, as long as the exta*
                             nor.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1338.  Pursh, 1. p." 185.

  Perennial.  Stem sim.de, 1—2 feet high, and with the leaves nearly
glabrous  Flowers axillary  and  terminal, sessile, clustered.  Seg-
ments of the calyx very short, sometimes oblong, but acute.  Corolla
ventricose, blue.
  Grows along water courses in the upper districts and mountains ofr
Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers October.
   2. Catesbjei.   Walt.
   G.  aspera;   foliis  an-
gusto-lanceolatis; calycis
laciniis lineari-lanceolatis,
tubo duplo longioribus ;
corollse limbo erecto, pli-
cis intends brevibus, niti-
dis, flmbriatis.   E.
   Rough ; leaves narrow
lanceolate ; segments of
the  calyx  linear lanceo-
late, twice as  long as the
tube; corolla with the bor-
der  erect,  the   interior
segments  short, a  cleft,
fimbriate.
   Walt. p. 109.

  Stem erect, simple, very roujrh, slightly pubescent.  Leaves sea-
_.ous.  Flowers 1—3, sometimes more, in each axil.  Segments of
the calyx 2 or 3 times as long as the tube. Border of the sQrolla erect,
or sometimes expanding.  Filaments half the length  ti the corolla,
brous 
340             PENTANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
inserted into its tube.  Anthers erect, sagittate.  Germ superiors
Stigmas 2, short, reflected.  Seed compressed, slightly winged.
  Grows in ditches, and along the margins of rivulets.   Common in
the low country of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers October.
   3.  OCHROLEUCA.
   G.   glaberrima;   foliis
lanceolatis obovatisque ;
calycis  laciniis   foliaceis,
corollam   fere   aequanti-
bus;  corollse limbo sub-
connivente, plicis interio-
ribus   brevibus,  obliquis,
eubdentatis.   E.
                                   Very glabrous ; leaves
                                lanceolate and  obovate;
                                segments  of  the  calyx
                                leaf like, nearly as long
                                as   the  corolla ; corolla
                                with  the  border  slightly
                                connivent,  the   interior
                                segments short, oblique,
                                irregularly toothed.
   Sp. pi. 1. p. 358.  Pursh, l.p. 185?
   G. saponaria, Walt. p. 109.

  Perennial.  Stem herbaceous, simple, nearly  terete, glabrous, one
foot  high.  Leaves lanceolate, very entire, nearly  coriaceous, very
smooth, with  the margins roughened; lower  leaves  sometimes, per-
haps from accident, obovate obtuse.  Flowers  opposite, sometimes
crowded as if verticillate, on peduncles not one line long.  Segments
of the calyx linear lanceolate.  Corolla  nearly white, streaked with
green and purple.  Seeds numerous, ovate.
  This  plant is- scarcely the G. ochroleuca of Pursh.  Michaux ap-
pears to have mingled this and the two preceding species under his
G. saponaria.  To  Dr. Macbride I have been much indebted for aid
in removing the obscurity which hung over these species.
  Grows in dry soils j not very common.
Flowers September—October.              Sampson's snake root.
  Gentiana ochroleuca  and Catesbei   These  plants are indiscrimi-
nately called  « Sampson's Snake-root."   They are both of them ex-
cellent bitter tonics, but the G. Catesbei seems to be more particular-
ly entitled to notice.   The  other is apt to nauseate.   In the form of
decoction, the G. Catesbei is used with decided advantage in  cases of
pneumonia where the fever is  nervous.  It acts as a tonic and sudo-
rifac. In tincture it is deservedly esteemed as a remedy for dyspepsia.
For this purpose the saturated spirituous  tincture is given in  doses of
1 or  i of an ounce, half an hour before dinner. The quantity is grad-
ually increased.   The immediate  effect  is a general and pleasurable
glow of the skin, and increase of appetite.   It prevents the acidifica-
tion of the food, and enables the stomach to bear and digest articles
of_ diet  which before produced oppression and dejection of spirits,
lttexoot is the only part used;                   J         r 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.             341
  •*.  Angustipolia.
  G. caule simplici, gra- I    Stem simple,  slender,
cili, unifloro ; foliis cune-   l flowered; leaves linear,
ato-linearibus ;   corolla   wedge  shaped ;  corolla
infundibuliformi,  laciniis   funnel shaped, with  the
alternis laceris.   E.        alternate  segments lace-
                             rate.
   Mich. 1. p. 177.  Pursh, 1. p. 186.
   G. purpurea, Walt. p. 109.
  Perennial.  Stem 12—!8 inclies high, glabrous.  Leaves I—2 inches
long, the upper pairs remote, very narrow ; the lower cuneate;  all
glabrous, and, as in the  other species, connate.  Flower terminal.
CoroUa large; the large  segments ovate, mucronate, expanding,  the
intermediate  ones much shorter, lacerate, bright azure, tinged with
purple.
  The flower of this plant possesses singular beauty; it is scarcely
possible to conceive a colour more bright and clear than it commonly
exhibits.
  Grows in wet pine barrens.
  Flowers October—November.

    5.  Crenita.
    G. corollis quadrifidis, |   Corolla  4  cleft,  seg-
laciniis fimbriatis ;  foliis j racnls  fimbriate ;  leaves
lanceolatis, acutis ;  caule j lanceolate,  acute;  stem
 erecto, tereti.   Sp. pl. l. j erect, terete.
p.  1352.                   j
    Pursh, 1. p. 185.
  Stem 1—2 feet high, glabrous, terete below, 4 angled towards the
summit.  Leaver sessile, with the  margins and  midrib  scabrous.
 Flowers solitary, axillary and terminal, on peduncles  1—2 inchee
 long.  CoroUa pale blue, with the margins fringed.
   Grows in vallies among the mountains.
   Flowers October—November.

    6. Quinqueflora.
    G.  corollis  quinquefi-  |    Corolla  5 cleft, tubular
 dis,  tubuloso-campanula-  | campanulate,   terminal,
 tis, terminalibus, subqui-  | generally by fives;  stem
 nis ;  caule  ramosissimo,  | much branched, winged;
 alato ; foliis amplexicaul-  J leaves amplexicauie.
 ibus.   Sp. pl. i. p. 1339.  j
    G. amarelloides ? Mich. 1. p. 175.  Pursh,  1. p. 186. 
842
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
  Perennial.  Stem erect, 1—2 feet high, branching, 4 an|led, slight-;
ly winged, glabrous.  Leaves ovate lanceolate, sessile, half embracing
"the  stem, acute, glabrous.   Flowers generally terminal, pedicellate,
3__5 on the summit of the branches.  Corolla nearly tubular, smaller
than usual in this genus;  border 5 cleft; the  segments undulate ?
simple, mucronate.
  Found among the mountains of Carolina, by Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers
   7.  Acuta.   Mich.
   G. caule 4-gono ; foliis
subamplexicaulibus,   ob-
longis, acutissimis; flori-
bus fasciculatis, terminali-
bus  lateralibusque ;   co-
rollse fauce ciliata.  Mich.
1. p.  177.
   Pursh,  1. p. 180.
  Stem and leaves erect.  Flowers small, of a greenish yellow hue;
the flower-bearing branches very short j and the segments of the co-
rolla linear lanceolate.  Mich.
  Grows on the highest mountains of Carolina.  Mich.
  Flowers
   Stem 4 angled ; leaves
somewhat am plexicaule,
oblong, very acute; flow-
ers in  clusters, terminal
and lateral; throat of the
corolla ciliate.
ERYNGIUM.   Cen. pl,
   Flores  capitati.   In-
volucrum  polyphyllum.
Calyx proprius 5-phyllus,
superus.  CoroUa 5-peta- |
la.   Heceptaculum palea- |
ceum.   Fructus corona. |
tus,  2-partibilis.   Pers.   j
   1   Aquaticum.
  E. foliis gladiatis, cilia-
to-spinosis; floralibus in-
divisis, brevissimis.   La
Marck.                    j
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1357.  Pursh, l.p
  E. yuccifolium, Mich, l.p. 1S4.
   Flowers capitate.  In-
volucrum  many  leaved.
Proper  calyx 5  leaved,
superior.  Corolla 5 petal-
led.   Receptacle   chaffy.
Fruit crowned,  divisible
into 2 parts.

   Leaves gladiate, fring-
ed with soft spines; floral
leaves   undivided,  very
short.
 189. 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.              343
   Root tuberous, prsemorse.  Stem  3—4 feet  high, glabrous, hollow
-in the centre, small.  Leaves 12—18 inches long,  1 — H wide, subu-
late, acute, concave, not channelled, bordered  with long cilia  which
resemble spines;  stem leaves sessile, not diminished at base, em-
bracing  the  stem.  Involucrum many leaved, frequently not longer
than the head ; leaves rigid, ovate, acuminate, mucronate, sometimea
toothed.  Heads longer than in the preceding species.  Corolla white,
fchafty, generally undivided.
   Grows in flat, damp, poor soils.
   Flowers June—July,                     Button Snake-root.
   The root of this plant is of a pungent bitter  and  aromatic taste.
When chewed it very sensibly excites 'a flow of saliva.  A decoction
of the root is diaphoretic and expectorant, and sometimes proves
emetic.  It is preferred by some physicians to the seneka snake-root,
which it much resembles in its effects.

   2. Virginianum.   Persoon.

   E. foliis longo-lanceo- I     Leaves  long  lanceo-
latis, serratis ;  involucro |  late, serrate ;  involucrum
much  longer   than  the
heads ; chaff 3 cuspidate.
capitulis multo longiore ;
palcis t4cuspidatis.  E.
   Pursh, 1. p. 189.
   E. aquaticum, Mich. I. p. 163.
  Root tuberous, pramorse.  Stem herbaceous, 4—6 feet hHi, much
divided near the  summit, glabrous, hollow, thickened at th°e joints
Leaves 6—S inches long, strictly lanceolate, acutely serrulate, some-
times dentate, tapering at each extremity but  dilated at the  very
base; the midrib very prominent; the narrow base of the leaf 3—4
inches long.  Heads very numerous, forming terminal corymbs, some
nearly sessile.  Involucrum 3 times as long as  the heads, subulate,
laciniate, with a white  tint on the under surface.   CoroUa nearly
white.                                                     J
  Grows in  fresh marshes, and in inundated soils.  AIon°- the mar-
gin of Savannah river opposite the city of Savannah very common.
  Mowers June.
3. Ovalifolium.   Mich.
   E.  foliis   spathulato-
 ovatis, inciso-dentatis; ca-
 pitulis  involucro  brevio-
 ribus ;   paleis  aequaliter
 tricuspidatis.   £.
   Mich. 1. p. 163.
   E. virgatum, Pursh, I. p. 189.
  Perennial.  Stem 2—4  feet high,  erect and decumbent, glabrous.
Hollow.  Leaves alternate*acutely notched or toothed, with the mar-
   Leaves  spathulate  o-
vate,   deeply  toothed  ;
heads  shorter  than  the
involucrum; chaff equal-
ly 3  cuspidate.   E. 
344
PENTANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
ains  cartilaginous, sometimes slightly cordate, the base suddenly
narrowed, embracing the stem.  The stem dichotomous near the sum-
mit with a head of flowers in each division, all on pedicels 1—3 nches
long   Involucrum 8 leaved, a little longer than the head  ; leaves li-
near  lanceolate, with 2 or 4 rigid teeth.  Calyx 5 leaved,  persistent;
leaves ovate,  acute, mucronate, green, white or pale  blue at base.
Petals linear lanceolate, wlsite or pale  blue, contracted at the middle
and bent to the germ.  Filaments tw ice as long as the calyx, inserted
between the petals.   Anthers incumbent.  Styies filiform, expanding.
Stigmas obtuse.   Seeds 2, united, angular.
  %ows in the damp pine barrens, in the middle country.
  Flowers July—September.


   4. FoAriDUM.
  E. foliis radicalibus Ian- ]    Radical  leaves lanceo-
ceolatis,  serratis,  florali-    late, serrate, floral leaves
bus multifidis; caule dich-    many cleft: stem dicho-
otomo.  Sp.pl. l.p. 1356.    tomous.
   Mich. 1. p. 163.  Pursh, 1. p. 189.
  Stem herbaceous, 1 foot high, slightly angled, divided nejfr the sum-
mit ; the  small branches flexuous.   Root leaves obtuse, with weak,
spinelike serratures ;  leaves  at  the forks of the stem opposite, am-
plexicaule, wedge shaped, dentate, 3 cleft to the middle, Involucrum
6 leaved, longer than the head; leaves rigid, furnished with 1 or 2
teeth ; chaff linear, acute.  Linn.
  This species is a native of the West-Indies, and though given to
Us by all writers, is at least one of our doubtful species.  Michaux
found it in  Florida.


   5.  Aromaticum.   Baldwin.
   E. caule folioso ; foliis |     Stem leafy; leaves cus-
 cuspidatis, pinnatis, apice  |  pidate, pinnate. 3 cleft at
trifidis, marginibus carti- j  the summit, cartilaginous
lagineis ;  involucro pen-   along the margins ; invo-
taphyllo, foliolis trifidis ;   lucrum  5  leaved, leaves
paleis tricuspidatis.   B.     3 cleft;  chaff 3 pointed.

  Root  perennial, consisting  of large woody fibres,  very aromatic.
 Stems 9-10 inches high, many from  each root, often dichotomous
 near the  base. Leaves bristly, pinnate, crowd* d on the stem, and re-
 markable for their silvery cartilaginous  margin.   Heads numerous,
 on long divaricate peduncles, forming a kind of corymb.  Involucrum
 the length of the head.  Bald.
   Grows in dry pine barrens ; Florida.
   Flowers  August—November. 
PENTANDRIA DrGYNlA.            345
6.  Gracile.   Baldwin.
E foliis petiolatis, oval- I    .Leaves petiolate, oval.
  lDus,  integris;  caule ra- | entire;  stem branching,
  mosissimo,  tenui;  capi-   slender ;  heads  nume-
  tuhs numerosis, minimis; | rous,  very  small •  invo-
  mvolucris diphyllis, trifi- | lucrum 2 leaved, 3  cleft.
  dis, linearibus.  B.        |  linear.
   Root fibrous, annual.  Stem generally prostrate.  Leaves variable
  oval ovate, sometimes 3 lobed and denticulate.  The divisions of the
  ^nvolucrums also vary in form and number, linear, or 1 near lanceo!
  1 or iTeetn"  B '      ^ °f ^ SegmentS somet^ furnished wiSi'
   Grows in  the low pine barrens near St.  Mary's. Very common
  along the sea coast to the south of Augustine.          J common
   Flowers June—July.
   I  have an Eryngium sent from Louisville, Georgia* by Mr Jack-
 son  every way farger than the preceding, yet resembling too much
  o be separated without further examination.  Involuc°rum twke as
 long as  the head, 6 leaved,  or with 2 leaves so deeply sTleft as fo
 appear 6 leaved, 2 small teeth near the base of each^af, and  some-
 crum ch8anffaiinrinear u'^T^  C°r°1Ia "hito * ^tCsi^Z-,
 crum, chaff, and corolla bright azure.  The E. integrifolium of Wat?
 ter appears to be allied  to these plants.         Solium ot wal-

          HYDROCOTYLE.  Gen. pl. 457.

   UmbWla simplex, invo- |    Umbel simple, with the
 lucro  4  phyllo. •  Petala j involucrum 4 leaved  Pe-
 mtegra.  Semina semi-or- |  tals entire.    Seed com-
 biculato-compressa.       j  pressed, semicircular
   1. Interrupta.  Muhl. Cat.
   H.  foliis  orbicularis,
peltatis,  duplicato-crena-
tis ;  spicis  subramosis ;
floribus verticillatis.  E.
                           Leaves orbicular, peltate,
                          doubly 'crenate ;  spike
                          sometime^divided; flow-
                          ers verticillate.
H. vulgaris, Mich. 1. p. 161.  Pursh, 1. p. i9o.
alternate  siSi!Pmi; /*T. terete> g,ab™*> branching.  Leaves
fnchesLe  fikl   n' g ^T3' sHght,-V cre^te, petioles 2-3
sotkes 3|p £  •  &Xl uaT and  °PP°site the leaves' Mowers in
sp kes, sessile, forming whorls 2—3 lines a part.  Cahix a mere ele-
SW Z °f maKm T*} the SUmmit of fhe germ? ^oroXji:
tailed, nearly white.  Petals lanceolate,  filaments shorter than the 
343
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA*
petals, inserted between them.  Anthers incumbent, 2 celled.  Germ
inferior, orbicular, compressed.  Styles somewhat remote, as long as
the stamens.  Stigmas obtuse.. Seeds with 2 slight furrows.
  Grows in wet soils.  Common on Port Royal Island.
  Flowers through the whole summer.
   2. LTmbellata.
   H.  foliis  peltatis, cre-
natis,  basi  emarginatis;
umbellis multifloris, longe
pedunculatis.  E.
  Leaves peltate, crenate,
emarginate at base ;  um-
bels  many flowered,- on
long peduncles.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1361.  Walt. p. 112.  Pursh, 1. p. 190.
   H. umbellulata, Mich. 1. p. 161.

  Perennial, creeping.  Stem glabrous, branching.   Leaves glabrous,
slightly lobed, and emarginate.  Ccommon peduncles longer than the
petioles; pedicels nearly half an inch long.   The involucrum in our
species  is merely a  small leaf or scale at the base of each pedicel.
Calyx slightly toothed.  Cttrolla white.
> Grows in bogs
  Flowers through the whole,summer.
   3. Americana.
   H. foliis  reniformibus,
subseptem-lobatis, crena-
tis; umbellis paucifloris,
sessilibus.   La Marck.
  Leaves reniform, slight-
ly 7 lobed, crenate ; um-
bels  few flowered, ses-
sile.
   Sp.pl. 1. p. 1361.  Walt. p. 113 ? Mich. 1. p. 162.  Pucsh, 1. p. 190.

  Creeping, perennial, glabrous.  Leaves nearly circular, split at
base to the  insertion of the petiole, slightly 7 lobed, lobes crenate,
of a more delicate texture than our other species.   Umbels axillary,
sessile.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.   Mich.—Pursh.
  My specimens are from Pennsylvania.  The next species is proba-
bly the H.  Americana of Walter.
4. Cymbalarifolia.'  Muhl. Cat.
   H. foliis  reniformibus,
trUobatis, lobo  interme-
dio   minore ;   umbellis
paucifloris,  pedunculatis;
floribus sessilibus.   E.
  Leaves reniform, 3 lob-
ea\ the  intermediate one
smaller; umbels few flow-
ered, on peduncles $ flow-
ers sessile, 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.             347
  Creeping, perennial, glabrous.  Leaves nearly circular, rather deep-
ly 3  lobed, crenate, the under surface slightly glaucous,; the lateral
lobes sometimes notched  in the middle as if disposed to divide and
form a 5 lobed leaf. The common peduncles  about an inch long, the
pedicels not a line.   Umbels 7—10 flowered. •
  From the preceding species it differs in having the leaves much
smaller, more coriaceous in theii*texture, more distinctly lobed, and
the umbels pedunculate.
  Cfcows around ponds ; near Beaufort, common.
  Flowers July—August.
   5. Rgpanda.   Pers.
   H.Mollis rotundato-cor-
datis, subrepandis;  petio-
lis nervisque pilosis; cap-
itulo pedunculate,  triflo-
ro.   Pers.
   Leaves cordate, round-
ed,  somewhat  repand ;
peti les and nerves hairy;
heads 3 flowered, pedun-
culate.
   Pursh, 1. p. 190.
   H. reniformis, Walt. p. 113.
   H. ficaroides, Mich. 1. p. 161.
  Perennial, creeping.  Leaves cordate, rounded at the summit and
auricles, slightly  repand ;  pubescent above, hairy on the under sur-
face; on long petioles.  Peduncles  short, terete, hairy, commonly S
floweied.   Flowers sessile, appressed: many peduncles from each
joint.  Corolla a dirty white, with a reddish margin.  Anthers black*
  The H. co|data of Walter, with entire leaves, I have never seen.
•  Grows in damp soils, but found in drier places  than any other
species.                                      ^
  Flbwers through the summer.
   Very glabrous ; leaves
thick, linear, wedge shap-
ed,  transversely   lined ;
umbels pedunculate.
   6. ^Lineata.   Mich.
   H. glaberrima ;  foliis
crassiusculis,   li neari-cu-
neatis, trans versim  linea-
tis ;  umbellis peduncula-
tis.   Mich. l. p.  102.
   Pursh, 1. p. 190.
  Perennial, creeping.  Joints of the stem nearer than in .the other
species.  Leaves about 1$ inch long, obtuse, linear, tapering to the
base, crossed by 5 or 6 lines as if jointed.   Umbels axillary, 8—10
flowered ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; pedicels  short.  In my
specimen the fruit appears to be distinctly 4 angled, not compressed.
  Found near St. Mary's, by Dr. Baldwin.  Grows in inundated
places in the low country of Carolina.  Mich.
  Flowers April—May.  Mich. 
348            PENTANDRIA  DIGYNIA.


             SANICULA.   Gen.  pl. 458.

   Umbellw confertse, sub-     Umbels crowded, some-
capitatse.    Fructus  acu-   what  capitate.   Ffuit  a-
leatus.  Flores disci abor-  #culeate.   Flowers of the
tientes.                      disk abortive.
   1.  Marilandica.                               •
  S. foliis digitatis, foliolis |   Leaves  digitate,,  leaf-
ohlongis, incisis ; floribus   lets oblong, incised ; fer-
fertilibus sessilibus, sub   tile flowers sessile,^gene-
ternis, sterilibus  pedicel-   rally by threes; sterile, on
latis,  numerosis.   Pursh,   footstalks, numerous.

l.p.  191.
   Sp. pl. l?p. 1367.  Walt. p. 113. Mich. 1. p. 162.
  Perennial.  Stem herbaceous, erect,  2—3 feet high, terete, very
glabrous.  Leaves alternate, on long footstalks, 3 parted to the base;
the lateral lobes more slightly 2 parted ; all of the lobes notched,
toothed, glabrous.  Flowers in umbels somewhat capitate, compound-
ly dichotomous, with a simple ray in each division.  Universal invo-
mcrum& leaved, many parted; partial  many leaved (8—10), small.
Calyx 5 jointed, persistent.  Corolla  5 petalled ; petals linear, ob-
tuse, furrowed, white, inflected to the  base, inserted on the summit
of the  germ.  Filaments as long as the petals, inserted between them,
Qerm  inferior, muricate.  Styks 2, short, reflected.  Stigmas simple^
obtuse. F'ruit oval,  divisible in 2.  Seed flat  on one side, on tho
other roughened with 4 double rows of hooked bristles.
  Grows in dry, shaded soils ^common. •
  Flo wers JMay—August.


              DAUCUS.   Gen. pl. 466.

    Corollte  subradiatae. (     CoroUa somewhat rad-
Flosculi   disci  abortivi.  | iate.   Flowers of the disk
Fructus pilis  hispidus.    ] abortive.  Fruit hispid.,
   l.   Carota.

   D. seminibus  hispidis ;  [    Seed  hispid  ;  petioles
petiolis subtus nervosis; | nerved on the underside;
foliorum laciniis angusto-  | segments  of the leaf nar-
linearibus,  acutis.     La | row, linear, acute.
Marck.                    |

   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1389. Walt, p; 113   Pursh, 1. p. 191. 
ientandrta digyttia.
S4S
  TWe valuable and well known vegetable, a native of the dry plains
of Europe, is becoming completely naturalized in this country  I
have found it growing in the pine barrens of Effingham and Screven
counties, Georgia; and Dr. Macbride informs me he has  seen it  in
similar situations  in St. Johns.
  Flowers April—May.                             Carrot.
   2. Pusillus.   Mich.
  J), retrorsum-hispidus;
foliolis  laciniis  minimis,
lineari-lanceolatis ;  um-
bellis parvis;  seminibus
8-fariam cristate-murica-
tis.
  Retrorsely hispid; leaf-
lets  with  the  segments
very small, linear lanceo*.
late,; umbels small; seeds
muricate  with  8-crested
ribs.
   Mich. 1. p. 164.  Pursh, 1. p. 192.

  Stem 12—18 inches.  Leaves very much dissected ; the segments
minute.  Seeds large for the size of the plant, with 8-crested ribs-
the segments acute and doubly barbed at the summit.
  Grows in dry soils.  St. John's; Dr. Macbride.  Savannah: Dr.
Baldwin.                                               '
  Flowers
AMMI.   Gen. pl. 467.
   Invoiucra  pinnatifida.
 Corolla?   radiatse, omnes
hermaphrodite.  Fructus
laevis.
   1. Capillaceim.
   A. foliis omnibus capil-
laceo-multificlis;  semini-
bus glabris, sulcatis; caule
ab imo divaricate, ramo-
s'o.   E.              ^
   Mich. 1. p. 164.  PursipPp.
   A. majus, Walt. p.  113.
  Involucrums pinnatifid.
Flowers  radiate,  all  fer-
tile.  Fruit smooth.
    All  the leaves capilla-
  ry, many cleft; seeds gla-
  brous,  furrowed ;  stem
  from the base branching,
  branches expanded.
192.
on
  Annual.  Stem 1—2 feet high, slightly angled and furrowed, gent-
             .  Leaves alternate, compoundly many parted : leaf-
             at base, many parted at the  summit; segments all
linear, glabrous.  Universal involucrum many leaved  (6). shorter
than the  rays of the umbels; leaves pinnatifid; partial involucrrtm
iculate, glabrous
lets 3—4 parted at base 
350            PBNTANDRIA  DIGYNIA.
many leaved, linear, unequal.  Calyx very small, $ toothed. .Petals
ovate, acuta, white, with the point incurved.  Filaments as long as
the petals.  Anthers erect, purple.   Germ inferior, ovate, furrowed.
Styles short, thickened at base  by a gland.  Seeds flat  on one  side,
with 4 furrows on the convex side.
  Grows every where in wet and boggy soils.
  Flowers May—June.
   2. COSTATUM.   E.
   A. majusculum;  caule
inferne simplici; foliis ca-
pillaceo-multipartitis,  la-
ciniis sub verticillatis; se-
minibus  costatis.   E.
   Plant large; stem sim-
ple below;  leaves  capil-
lary,  many parted, seg-
ments commonly verticil-
late ;  seeds ribbed.
  Annual ?  Stem  4—5  feet high, branching towards the summit,
slightly angled, glabrous.  Leaves very compound ; each leaflet many
parted  to the base, as if verticillate.  Umbels terminal, large.  Uni-
versal involucrum many leaved  (10—12), about half as long as the
Umbel, many parted ; partial involucrum many leaved, leaves as long
as the  pedicels, with a few segments.  Petals Aicuminate.  Antliers
rose coloured   Seeds glabrous, with 5 elevated ribs.
 *1 have found  it  difficult to mark the limits between this and the
preceding species, difference in size forming the most obvious distinc-
tion. This variation, however, does not arise from soil, for both grow in
river swamps.   The A. capillaceum is a vernal plant, spreading and
rarely growing 2 feet high;  this, an autumnal plant, erect and tall,
In this the leaves are larger and more divided, the calyx and corolla
larger, with the  petals acuminate, and the seed, which in the former
species are slightly furrowed, in this are 2 or 3 times as large, and
so deeply furrowed as to be ribbed and almost winged.
  Grows in the swamps along the margin of  the Ogeechee river,.
Mount Prosper.
  Flowers Octobers—November.
  Fructus ovali-oblongus,
compresso-planus,in me-
dio striatus.  involucrum
reftexum.  Petala corda-
ta, sequalia.    Calyx in-
teger.
SELINUM.   Gen.tl,

                  «iit oval oblong, corn-
                  ed, flat, striate in the
             middle.   Involucrum re-
             flected.   Petals  cordate,
             equal.   Calyx entire. 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.            951
   1.  Canadense.
   S.  glaberrimum,  luci-
dum ; foliis bipinnatis, fo-
liolis multipartitis, laciniis
lanceolatis ; fructibus o-
valibus.  Mich. l. p. 165.
  Very  glabrous,  lucid;
leaves bipinnate, leaflets
many parted, 'the  seg-
ments lanceolate  ;  fruit
oval.
   Pursh, 1. p. 192.
   Apium bipinnatum, Walt. p. 115 ?
  Grows near the mouths of large rivers, from Canada to Carolina.
Pursh.  Flowers white.
  Fl o we rs J u ly—                   *1&^


             FERULA.   Gen. pl. 475.
   Involucrum universale
caducum;  partiale poly-
phyllum.  Fructus ovalis,
compresso-planus,  striis
utrinque 3.
   1. Villosa.
   F.  foliis  supradecom-
posito-ternatis ;   foliolis
ovatis,  serratis,   rigidis,
v«enosis; caule, peduncu-
lis*  umbellisque  villosis.
Pursh, 1. p. 192.
   Universal involucruuo
caducous;  partial  many
leaved.  Fruit oval, com-
pressed,  flat,  with three
streaks on each side.

    Leaves  supradecom-
pound, the  divisions  tri-
foliate  ;  leaflets   ovate,
serrate,rigid, veiny; stem,
peduncles and umbels  vil-
lous.
  I have inserted this plant from Pursh, without any knowledge of it.
He refers to  it the F. villosa, Walt, and the Cicuta venenata,
Amer. Phil. Trans.  The F. villosa of Walter I strongly suspect to
be the Angelica triquinata of this work.  The'Cicuta venenata of
Grcenway is a very distinct plant, entirely glabrous, perhaps really a
Cicuta, certainly not a Ferula. So many of Walter's plants, how-
ever,  which were once considered doubtful, have been from time to-
time discovered, that this at least merits a further enquiry.
LIGUSTICUM.   Gen. pl. 478.
o-
  Fructus  oblongus,
sulcatus  utrinque.   Co
  Fruit oblong, 5 furrow-
ed on both sides.   Qorol* 
352
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA,
rolla?  sequales  ;   petalis
involutis, integris.
   1. Bakbijsode.
   L?  caule lsevi;  nodis
barbatis ;  foliis biternatis
(plerisque)  ; fructibus o-
valibus. margine utrinque
subdipterjs.   Pers.  l. p.
315.
   Mich. l.p. 167.   Pursh, l.p
 la equal, the petals invo-
 lute, entire.

    Stem  smooth ;  joints
 bearded; leaves general-
 ly bitemate;  fruit oval,
 with each margin slightly
 2 winged.

193.
   Smyrnium barbinode ? Muhl. Cat.
  This  plant is inserted in order to excite investigation.  Michaux
was uncertain where it should be placed.  If the quotation from
Dr. Muhlenberg applies, as I suspect it does, to this plant, that excel-
lent botanist had, no doubt, an opportunity of determining the genus.
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.  Mich.
  Flowers
ANGELICA.  Gen. pl. 479.
   Fructus  subrotundus,
solidus, utrinque 3-alatus,
stylis  reflexis.    Corolla?
sequales, petalis incurvis.

   1. Triquinata ?  Mich.
   A ?  pubescens ;   foliis
tripartitis,   partitionibus
subquinque-foliatis,  foli-
olis  acute dentatis;  fruc-
tu oblongo.    E.
   Mich. 1. p. 167.  Pursh, 1. p. 193.                         x
  Stem about 2 feet high, very pubescent near the summit.'  Leaflets
lanceolate ; the terminal leaflets rhomboid, sessile, when young pu-
bescent.  Fruit oblong, slightly winged, when young almost tomen-
tose.
  This is the A. hirsuta of Muhlenberg, it is however questionable
whether it is the real A. triquinata of Michaux.
  Grows in dry, sandy eoils, in the  middle country j common be-
tween Orangeburgh and Columbia, South-Carolina.
  Flowers July—August.
   Fruit nearly round, so-
lid,  3  winged on  each
side, wiih the styles  re-
flected.   Corolla  equal,
the petals incurved.
                         «

   Pubescent;  leaves 3
parted, the partitions gen-
erally  5  leaved,  leaflets
sharply  toothed;   fruit
oblongs 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.             &53
   Leaflets  equal,  ovate,
with deep serratures.
   8.  Lucid v ?
  A. foliolis aequalibus, o-
vatis, inciso-serratis.  Sp.
pl.  1. p. 1430.
   A. lobata, Walt. 1. p. 115.

  Root perenrfial, very aromatic.  Stem 3—5 feet high.  Leaves su-
pradecompound.
  I have never seen this plant in flower, and the loss of my specimens,
prevents me from speaking of it with certainty, and perhaps removing
some  obscurity that hangs over the  southern species of this genus.
The A. integrifolia of Walter is unknown to me, unless the Smyrni-
um integerrimuni was the plant he described.
  Grows in rich soils, in the upper country, descending as low as St.-
Johns.  The roots are a favorite  food of hogs, who  sometimes ac-
quire by this diet a fragrance which is not their common portion.
  Flowers July—
SIUM.   Gen. pl. 480.
 Fructus subovatus,com-
pressus, striates.   Invo-
                                Fruit nearly ovate, com-
                              pressed, striate.   Involu-
lucrum p'olypbyllum. Pe- \ crum many leaved.   Pe-
tala cordata.
  * Seminibus compressis,
alatis.
   1. RlGIDIUS.
   S. foliis pinnatis ; folio-
lis lanceolatis, subinteger-
rimis.   Sp.pl.  l.  1433.
tats cordate.
    *  Seeds  compressed,
winged.

   Leaves pinnate ;  leaf-
lets lanceolate, nearly en-
tire.
   Sison marginatum ? Mich. 1. p. 168.

  Stem rigid.  Leaves pinnate, generally 5—6 pair and an odd one;
leaflets sessile, strongly  veined, conspicuously bordered as with a
nerve, with 1 or 2 small teeth towards the summit.  Involucrum de-
ciduous. iSeecls flattened, winged, and marked on the back  with 3
lines ; wings nearly as wide as the seed itself.
  If  this be the Sison marginatum  of Michaux, as Dr. Muhlenberg
suspected (and the plant agrees minutely with his description), it
grows " in the swamps of Carolina." Mich.  I  have not seen it in
This country ;  my specimens are from Pennsylvania.
U 2 
854
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
   Leaves pinnate; lower
leaflets lanceolate, upper
obovate, 3  toothed.
   3. Triccspidatum. • E.
   S. foliis pinnatis; foli-
olis inferioribus lanceola-
tis, superioribus obovatis,
tridentatis.   E.
   S. rigidius, Walt. p. 114.
  Stem 2—3 feet high, terete, glabrous, sparingly branched.  Leaves
pinnate, 2,-5 pair, and an odd one ; kaflets lanceolate, very  acute,
sessile', somewhat rigid, entire towards the base, all the upper leaflets
cuneate and almost equally 3 toothed.  Involucrum caducous.  Seeds
slightly winged, with 3 lines oivthe back.
  This plant has  much affinity to  the preceding species ;  it appears
to differ in the leaves, which are  remarkably toothed in this species,
almost 3 cuspidate; and in the seeds, which are more slightly winged.
  Grows in damp soils, but is not confined to swamps.
   Flowers occasionally through the summer.
3. Denticulatum.   Bald.
   Leaves  unequally pin-
nate ; leaflets oval, tooth-
ed,  acute; universal  in-
volucrum  2 leaved.
   S. foliis impari  pinna-
tis ; foliolis ovalibus, den-
ticulatis,  acutis ;  involu-
cro  universali  diphyllo.
^ald.

  Root perennial.   Stem 5—5 feet high.  Leaves alternate, on long
petioles, generally with 3 pair of leaflets and an odd one.  Leaflets
variable in size and form in different plants, irregularly toothed, pale
green on the upper surface, glaucous on the under.  Universal invo-
lucrum sometimes  wanting-.   Bald.  Dr. Baldwin adds in  a  subse-
quent  notejthat the leaves are sometimes by fours. Styles persist
tent.
 -  Grows in low* clayey soils, near the water ; Savannah ; Jeffersop,
Camden county, Georgia.
  Flowers September—November.

   4.  Teretifolium.   Muhl. Cat.
   Leaves simple, terete,
jointed,  acute ;   seeds
winged.
    S.  foliis  simplicibus,
teretibus, articulatis, acu-
tis; seminibus alatis.  E.
   Oenanthe filiform is, Walt. p. 113.
   O. Carolinensis, Pursh, 1. p. 194.
  Root annual ? Stem herbaceous, 3 -6 feet high, slightly geniculate,
terete,glabrous, hollow,branching near the : ummit.  Leaves glabrous,
streaked, hollow, with many transverse membranes (as in Cyperus 
                 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.             355

articulatus), 4 — 8  inches long, 3—4 lines  in diameter at the base.
Universal involucrum many leaved, leaves subulate, persistent, near-
ly an inch long ;  partial inwtucrum similar, but smaller.  Flovtets
all sessile.  Corolla white.  Petals -acuminate, reflexed.   Filaments
as long as the corolla, red near the summit.  Anthers erect, attached
to the sides of the filaments.   Seed compressed, with 3 lineson the
back, and wings wider than the nucleus.
   These four plants, perhaps with the Angelica triquinata, might
form a genus between Angelica and Sium ; yet they do not altogether
agree among themselves.   This plant is  remarkable for its terete,
fistulous leaves, and the attachment of its anthers;  and the A. tri-
quinata is now left with Angelica because its small umbels form per-
fect globes", and because its seed, though marked like theseeds of these
species with 3 lines and a winged margin, has a more solid nucleus.
   Grows around  pine barren  ponds, in the middle country.  Salt-
catcher.
   Flowers August—September.


   ** Sei\iinibm nudis.    |    ** Seeds naked.
   5. NODIFLORUM.
   S. caule procumbente;       Stem   procumbent  ;
foliis pinnatis, foliolis ova-   leaves  pinnate,   leaflets
tis ; umbellis  axillaribus,   ovate;  umbels  axillary,
sessilibus.  Persoon, l.'p.   sessile.
316.
   Sp. pl.  1. p. 1432.  Walt. p. 115.

   Annual.  Stem weak, decumbent, diffuse, about 2 feet long, gla-
brous, hollow, slightly angled.  Leaves pinnate,  the upper ones fre-
quently ternate ;  leaflets ovate, acute, acutely dentate, oblique, gla-
brous.  Umbels on very short  footstalks, opposite the leaves.  Com-
mon involucrum 1, 2, 3 leaved, sometimes wanting; leaves lanceo-
late, Unequal,reflected; partial involucrumjnany leaved (6—8),per-
sistent.  Petals  white,  slightly  acuminate, expanding.   Filaments
longer than the petals, white.  Seeds very slightly margined,  3  rib>
bed, with the ribs furrowed.
   This plant has probably been introduced from Europe.  It  grows
very abundantly around Charleston, and even in the streets, in drains
and  wet places.
   Flowers April—June*


                 SISON.   Gen. pl. 481.
  Fructus ovatus, striates.
Involucra sub 4-phylla.
    Fruit  ovate,  striate.
Involucrums  generally 4
leaved. 
356            PENTANDRIA prGYNIA.-

   1. Trifoliatum.
   S. foliis omnibus trifo-    VA11 the leaves trifoliate ;
liatis; foliolis dentatis, in-   leaflets dentate,.the lower
ferioribus ovalibus ; ped-   ones oval; peduncles by
unculis geminis ;  fructi-   pairs; fruit nearly round.

bus subrotundis.   Mich.
1. p. 168.             .    I
   Pursh, I. p. 194.
  Lower leaves 2—3 lobed ; the upper, oval lanceolate.  Umbels ter*
minal, solitary, on long peduncles.   Mich.
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.
  Flowers

   2. PUSILLUM.
   S ?  foliis   triternatis,      Leaves  triternate, ma-
mujtipartitis ; umbellulis   ny parted ;  umbels  few
paucifloris (5—0) ; fructi-   flowered  (5—0)  ;   fruit
bus muricatis.   E.          muricate.
   Mich. 1. p. 168.   Pursh, 1. p. 194.
   Ammi divaricatum, Pers. 1. p. 308.
   Daucus divaricatus, Walt. p. 114,*
   Ligusticum pusillum, Pers.  1. p. 315.
  Annual.   Stem 1—2 feet high, glabrous, geniculate* dichotomousj
branches expanding.   Leaves alternate, much divided ; segments li-
near, glabrous, finely serrulate near the summit.  Universal and par-
tial umbel, with 5—6 unequal rays, the middle one frequently sessile.
Universal involucrum 0 ; partial 3  leaved; leaves small, lanceolate.
Petals oval, obtuse, entire, flat.   Filaments half as long as the corol-
la.  Fruit nearly globose, compressed, pointed with the styles.  Seed
striate, the ridges (5 ?) muricate, with membranaceous scales.
  This little plant bas some equivocal characters, and has been placed
in many different genera.   It wants .the involucrum  of Daucus or
Ammi, to which it is allied in habit.  1 have followed Michaux with-
out having sufficient knowledge of the  genus Sion to determine his
correctness.
  Grows in dry, sandy pastures.
  Flowers March—April.


              CICUTA.   Gen. tl. 486.
   Fructus subovatus, sili-
cates.   Involucrum uni-
versale o  ;  partiale 3-5
phyllunu
   Fruit somewhat ovate,
furrowed.  Universal in-
volucrum  0,  partial  3—5
leaved. 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
357
   1. Maculata.
   C. foliorum serraturis
mucronatis ;     petiolis
membranaceis,  apice  bi-
lobis.    Pers. 1. p. 318..
                              Serratures of the leaves
                             mucronate  ;    petioles
                             membranaceous   (wing-
                             ed), 2 lobed at the sum-.
                             mit.
   Walt. p. 115.  Pursh, L p. 195.
  Perennial ?  Stem  herbaceous, erect,  terete,  glabrous, hollow"
branching, slightly geniculate, streaked with purple, 4—7 feet hi^h!
Leave* compoundly triternate, sometimes quinate ;  leaflets ovate lan-
ceolate, acuminate, strongly serrate, with the serratures acuminate,
somewhat rugose, slightly scabrous on the under surface ;  petioles
sheathing the stem at base  with membranaceous wings, 2 lobed or
parted at the summit.  Umbels axillary, or opposite the leaves, and
terminal.  Universal  inuo.'iicrwnwcommonly 2 leaved, leaves decidu-
Filaments longer than the corolla.  Anthers white.
  Grows in wet and inundated land ; common^
  Flowers June—August.
CHaEROPHYLLUM.   Gen. pl. 490.
   Involucrum reflcxu m,
concavum.    Petala  in-
flcxo-cordata.    Fructus
oblongus, Levis aut stria-
tus, glaberrimus.
   1.  Procumbens.
   C.   seminibus  nitidis,
                                Involucrum  reflected,
                             concave.  Petals inflected
                             cordate.   Fruit oblong,
                             smooth or  striate,  \evy
                             glabrous.

                               Seeds shining, smooth;
lajvibus ;  foliis decompo-|  leaves decompound: stem
si tis; caule procumbente. | procumbent.
Pers.  l. p. 320.          j
   Pursh, 1. p.'f95. -
   Scandix procumbens,  Sp. pl. 1. p. 1452.
  Plant small, decumbent, glabrous. Leaves alternate, much divided,
the first divisions opposite, pedicellate, the flpper alternate, pinnati-
fid : segments lanceolate, rather obtuse, mucronate, and when young
-firlitly fringed.   Umbels terminal, rays frequently by threes.  Uni- 
358             PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
versaHtiuotocrMmO ; partial 5 leaved, leaves small, lanceolate, ciliate^
Seeds long, striate, pointed at the summit with the persistent styles,
when mature inflected.
  Found on Charleston neck, by Dr. Trescott.
  Flowers May—June.
   2.  Canadense.
   C.  foliis ternatis ;  foli-
olis  ovato-acutis,  subin-
«nsis.   Pers.  l. p. 320.
   Leaves tern ate ;  leaf-
lets ovate acute, frequent-
ly notched.
   Pursh, l.p. 195.
   Sison Canadense, Sp. pl.'l. p. 1436.
   ---------------Mich. 1. p. 168.

  Stem erect, terete, g'abrous, with many branches. Leaves ternate;
the lower broad lanceolate, acute, doubly serrate, with the large ser-
ratures mucronate ; the upper leaflets narrow, deeply cut (incised.)
Umbels Ring,  Peduncles generally by threes. • Universal involucrum
0 ; partial 3—5 leaved, leaves very small,  subulate.   Some flowers
abortive in each umbel.  Seeds  oblong, striate, acuminate, pointed
with  the persistent styles, when mature inflected (arcuate.)
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.   Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers July.  Pursh.
   3.  Clayt oni.
   C. foliolis oblongo-o-
valibus,     pinnatifido-lo-
batis,  nilosis  ;  umbella
   Leaflets oblong,  oval,
lobed as if pinnatifid, hai-
ry ; umbel with few rays,
divaricate; fruit long, te-
rete, smooth.
        pilosis
pauci-radiata, divaricata ;
fructibus elongatis, tere-
tibus, lsevigatis.   fers.  1.
p.  320.
   Pursh, 1. p. 195.
   Myrrhis Claytoni, Mich. 1. p. 170.
  Stem  2 feet  high, erect.  Petioles 3 parted, the divisions  3—5
leaved.  Peduncles by pairs, terminal.  Umbels when in fruit divari-
cate ;  rays 3—5, very long.
  In my specimens the stem and  rays, as  well as the leaves, are
hairy, and the seeds themselves sprinkled with hair.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers June—July.  Pursh. 
PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.             358
SMYRtflUM.   Gen. pl. 495.
 Fructus subcompressus,
gibbosus, striatus.  Petala
acuminata, carinata.

   1. Cordatum.  Walt.
  S. foliis radicalibus sub-
orbiculato-cordatis,  cre-
natLs,  caulinis petiolatis,
trifoliatis,  supremis    3-
partitis ;  umbella  radiis
brevibus.  Mich. l.p. 170.
  tWalt. p. 114.  Pursh," 1. p. 195.
   Thapsia trifoliata,  Sp. pl. 1. p. 1465.
  Perennial ?  Stem herbaceous, 1—2 feet high, terete,  glabrous*
Lower leaves on long footstalks, cordate, rounded, as they ascend be-
coming 3 lobed, then trifoliate ; all glabrous, crenate ; petioles em-
bracing the stein at base ; upper leaves nearly sessile. Universal and
partial involucrum 2—*5 very small  leaves. Walt.  Corolla white,
sometimes yel'ow.
  Grows in high, rich land; in the mountains common.  Mich.
  Flowers occasionally through the summer; commonly April—June.
   Fruit somewhat com-
pressed,  gibbous, striate.
Petals   acuminate,  cari-
nate.

   Root leaves nearly or-
bicular, cordate, crenate;
stem leaves petiolate, tri-
foliate ;  upper leav«s  3
parted  ;  rays of the um-
bels short.
   2.  AUREUM.
   S. foliis biternatis, lobo
medio 3—5 gono; folio-
lis  ovali  lanceolatis, ser-
rulatis; umbella brevi, ra-
diata.   Mich. l.p. 171.
   Leaves bite mate, with
the middle lobe 3—5 an-
gled ; leaflets oval lance-
olate, "serrulate ;  rays  of
the umbel short.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1468.  Walt. p. 114.  Pursh, 1. p. 196.
  Root leaves commonly biterriate, with the middle lobe again divided
into three; all glabrous, serrate. CoroUa bright yellow, almost orange
coloured. Plantp—2 feet high.            /
  Grows in rich, high lands.
  Flowers April—June. 
360
PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA,
   3. Atropurpureum.
   S. foliis omnibus terna-
tis ; foliolis ovatis, acutis,
.serratis.  Pursh, l.p. 196.
  Flowers dark purple.
  Grows on dry slate hills, in Virginia and Carolina.
  Flowers May—July.
La Marck.
     Leaves  all  ternate ;
 leaflets ovate, acute, ser-
 rate.
Pursh.
   4.  Integer rim cm.
   S. foliis caulinis dupli-
cato-tefnatis; foliolis in-
tegerrimis, subglaucis.
                               Stem leaves doubly ter-
                             nate, very entire; leaflets
                             entire,  somewhat  glau-
                             cous.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1468.  Mich. 1. p. 171.   Pursh, 1. p. 196^
  Stem 1—2 feet  high, glabrous, slightly branched.  Leaves oifcte
and lanceolate, sometims  oblique,  somewhat glaucous, small. Uni-
versal involucrum 0, or caducous ; partial, composed of few very mi-
nute leaves.   Ray  of the  universal umbel long, slender ; of the par-
tial short. Flowers of the disk nearly sessile, sterile j of the ray on
long pedicels, fertile.
  Grows in  rich, high lands ; a native of the mountains.  Found by
Dr. Macbride as low on the Santee as St. Johns.
  Flowers June—^uly.
%/ww\ wvw^'wxvvx w>
TRIGYNM.
■VWVWV-V-V w-k www
RHUS.   Gen. pl. 502,
   Calyx 5-partitus.   Pe-
tala 5.  Bacca l- sperm a.
   * Foliis pinnatis.
   1.  Typhimjm.
   R. foliis pinnatis ;. foli-
olis lanceolatis, acumina-
tis, argute senatis, subtus
•villosis. Sp.pl.l.p. 1478.
   Walt. p. 255.  Mich. 1. p. 182
   Calyx 5  parted*   Pe-
tals 5.   Berry  l  seeded.
 •..* Leaves pinnate.

   Leaves pinnate ;  leaf-
lets  lanceolate,   acumi-
nate, acutely serrate, vil-
lous underneath.
 Pursh, 1. p. 204. 
PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
  Arborescent.  Branches and petioles very villous.  Flowers dioi-
cous.  Fruit-bearing panicle crowded.  Fruit purple, covered with a
velvet-like down.  Mich.
  I have not seen this species in Carolina ; it is inserted on the au>
thoi ity of Walter.
  Flowers July—August.                              •■•
   2. Glabrum.
   R. foliis  pinnatis,  lan-
ceolatis, serratis, utrinque
nudis ; floribus omnibus
             Sp. pl. 1.  p.
   Leaves pinnate, lance-
olate,   serrate,  glabrous
on both surfaces; flowers
all fertile.
fertilibus.
1478.
   Walt. p. 255.  Mich. 1. p. 182.  Pursh, I,p. 204.
  A shrub from 6—10 feet high ; branches and stem glabrou8,generalIy
tinged with purple.  Leaves pinnate, 7—8 pair ; leaflets sessile, lan»
ceolate, acuminate, strongly dentate, glaucous on the under surface,
slightly cordate.  Panicle large, diffuse,  blowers all fertile.
  Grows in the u per country of Carolina and Georgia.  1 have seen
it eight miles below Augusta, and around Columbia, S. C.   It rarely
descends lower.
  Flowers July—August.
   3. Elegans.
   R. foliis  pinnatis,  lan-
ceolatis,  serratis,  utrin-
que nudis'; rjoribus dioi-
cis.   Sp.pl. i. p. 1478.
   Leaves pinnate, lance-
olate, serrate, glabrous on
both  surfaces ;   flowers
dioicous.
  With this species I am unacquainted; it is not distinguished in
the Species Plantarum or llortus Kewensis by any character but its
dioicous flowers from the R. glabrum,  of which Pursh considers it 1
variety.
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.
  Flowers
   4.  Pumilum.
   R.  humile ; ramis  pe-
tiolisque  pubescentibus;
foliolis  ovalibus,  inciso-
dentatis,  subtus tomen-
tosis;  fructibus  holoseri-
ceis.    Mich.  l.  p.  182.
   Pursh, 1. p. 204,
   Plant humble; branches
 and  petioles pubescent;
 leaflets   oval,   sharply
 toothed,  tomentose  un-
 derneath ;   fruit  with a
 silky down.

v O 
3<03            PENTJ^JDRIA TRIGYNIA,
t
  Stem about a foot high.  Leaves pinnate, many paired.  Reported
on the authority of Mr. Lyon to be very poisonous.
  Grows in toe upper districts of Carolina.
  Flowers July—August.
   Very glabrous; leaflets
oval, abruptly acuminate,
entire  ;  panicle  diffuse ;
flowers dioicous.
   5,  Vernix.
   R.  glaberrimum ; foli-
olis ovalibus, abrupte acu-
minatis, integris ;  panicu-
la  laxa; floribus  dioicis.
Pursh. l.p. 205.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1479.  Mich. I. p. 183.

  Shrub 6—10 feet high, (arborescent, Mich.)  branches  glabrous.
Leaves rather large, oval, abruptly acuminate, entire, glabrous, pale
on the under surface; petioles glabrous, without joints or  wings.
Flowers in long slender panicles, dioicous.   (Fruit white.  Mich.)
  Grows in the upper country of Georgia  and Carolina ; rare in the
lower.  I have seen it within eighteen miles of Savannah, on the road
to Augusta.
  Flowers May—June-,
   Leaves pinnate, entire,
with the petiole winged,
and jointed.
   6.  COPALLINUM.
   R. foliis pinnatis,  inte-
gerrimis,   petiolo  mem-
branaceo, articulato.   Sp.
pl.  1. p. 1480.
   Walt p.  255.  Mich. 1. p. 182.  Pursh, 1. p. 205.

  A shrub 3—12 feet high, branching; the branches virgate, anil,
covered with fine down.  Leaves pinnate ; leaflets (about 5 pair,) ob-
liquely lanceolate, slightly revolute, shining on the upper surface,
pubescent on the under ;  petioles  8—12 inches  long, apparently
jointed, with narrow wings extending from joint to joint; the leaflets
growing from each joint.  Calyx 5 parted.  Petals 3 times  as long
as the calyx, oval, of an obscure yellow.  Filaments much shorter than
the corolla, inserted into a ring surrounding the germ.  Germ superior,
oval. Styks 3, very short.  Stigmas  globose.   Berry- compressed,
ovate, pubescent;  the juice very acid.
  Grows in. all soils not inundated.
  Flowers August.                                  Sumach.
  The berries are  possessed of an agreeable acid taste,  Infused intp
water, they form a pleasant ajnd cooling beverage. 
FENTANDRU TRIGYNIA.
30*9
   «** fbKw tei%natis.
   7.  Radicans.
   R. foliis  ternatis ;  foli-
olis petiolatis, ovatis, gla-
bris,  plerumque  integer-
rimis;  caule  radicante ;
floribus dioicis.   E.
   ** Leaves ternate.

   Leaves ternate ;  leaf-
lets petiolate, ovate, gla-
brous, generally entire;
stem  radicant ;  flowers
dioicous.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1481.  Walt. p. 255.
   R. toxicodendron, var. a. Mich. 1. p. 183.  Pursh, 1. p. 205.
  A vine, climbing to the height of 30 or 40 feet, shooting out radi-
cles  all along its stem, by which it adheres to the bark of trees, to
fences, houses, &c. small branches glabrous, expanding.  Leaves ter-
nate, ovate,  lanceolate, acute or  acuminate, generally entire, (the
lower leaves sometimes angled,) of a dark green colour.   Racemes ax*
illary.  Berries white.
  Very common in the low country, preferring damp soils.,
  Flowers May.
    Stem  erect,   weak;
leaves sinuate, lobed, and
entire, tomentose  under-
         flowers dioicous.
neath ; •
    8. Toxicodendron.
    R. caule  erecto, debili;
 foliis sinuatis,  lobatis ln-
 tegrisque, subtus tomen-
 tosis; floribus dioicis.   E.
    Sp. pl. 1. p. 1481.  Walt. p. 255.
    Mich. 1. p. 183. var. b. quercifolium.  Pursh, 1. p. 205.
   Stem 2—6  feet high, when tall flexible, and not firmly erect.
 Leaves ovate, varying very much, sometimes acute or acuminate, never
 obtuse, and all but the upper leaves variously lobed; the lateral leaves
 nearly sessile; the under surface of the leaves and young branches to-
 mentose. The racemes are really axillary, but as the lower leaves com-
 monly drop off, they appear naked.   Berries white, larger than in the
 preceding species.
   Rare in the lower country ; JiMy common in the pine barrens  in
 the middle country.       #^
   Flowers April—May.               Poison oak.  Poison vine.
   A mere contact with this or the preceding species (which perhap3
 are but varieties of one plant), produces distressing effects on per-
aonaof peculiar constitutions.   The whole suface of the body becomes
 inflamed, swollen and extremely painful, and in some instances these
 effects have continued for weeks.  Dr. Barton informs us that the
application of a solution of corrosive sublimate afforded in such cases
the speediest relief.  The expressed juice of both these plants readily
blisters the  skin, which effect is followed  by obstinate ulcers. The
juice  which  exudes on  plucking the leaf-stalks from the stem  of the
R. radicans is a good indelible dye for marking linen or cottoja. 
854           PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
   9.  Aromaticuavl
   R. foliis ternatis ; folio-
lis sessilibus, ovato-rhom-
beis,  inciso-dentatis,  to-
mentosis; floribus dioicis.
Sp. pl. 1. p. 1482.
   Leaves ternate ;  leaf-
lets  sessile, ovate rhom-
boidal, deeply   toothed,
tomentose ;  flowers  di-
oicous.
   Mich. Up. 184.   Pursh, I. p. 205.
  A shrub 2—3 ? feet high ; the young branches tomentose.  Leaflets
ovate, sometimes rhomboidal, coarsely toothed, and, with the petiole,
tomentose.  Panicles compact, axillary.  Flowers amentaceous.  Ber-
ries red.
  Grows in tlie upper Districts of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers Mav—June.
VIBURNUM.   Gen. pl. 503.
   Calyx 5-partitus, supe-
rus.  CoroUa 5-lida. Dru-
pa l-sperma.
   1. Aceripolium.
   V. foliis  triU>b*s, acu-
minatis, argute serratis;
petiolis eglandulosis,  pi-
losis.   Sp. pl. l.p. 1489.
   Calyx 5 parted,  supe-
rior.    CoroUa   5  cleft.
Drupe l seeded.

   Leaves 3 lobed, acumi-
nate,  with  sharp serra-
tures ;  petioles  without
glands, liairy.
   Mich. 1. p. 180.  Pursh, 1. p. 203.

  Leaves slightly cordate, pubescent underneath,  when young some-
times undivided.  Cymes on long peduncles.  Berries black.
Grows in  the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.
Green.
Flowers May—June.          4fetf
Athens; Mr.
   2.  Dentatum.
   V. foliis ovatis, dentato-
serratis, plicatis ;  fructi-
bus subglobosis.  Pers. 1,
p. 326.
  Leaves ovate, with large;
serratures, plaited;  fruit
nearly globose.
Sp. pl. 1. p. i486.  Walt. p. 146.  Mich. 1. p. 179. 
PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
305
  A shrub 8—15 feet  high, branches expanding, virgate,  glabrous.
Cymes large, terminal,  naked.  CoroUa white.
Varies—a ; with leaves nearly round ovate, acute, glabrous; fruit
            nearly round.  V. dentatum   Pursh.
       b$ with leaves oval, acuminate, hairy underneath; fruit  ob-
            long.   V. pubescens.  Pursh.
  Grows  more exclusively in swamps, and flowers earlier than any
other species.  Var. a. in the mountains (Mich.); the other, commoi
in the low country.
  Flowers March—April.
   3. Lentago.
   V. glabrum; foliis lato-
ovatis, acuminatis, argute
serratis, petiolis margina-
tis, undulatis; cymis ses-
silibus.   Pursh, l. p. 201.
  Glabrous; leaves broad,
ovate, acuminate, sharply
serrate  ;   petioles   with
waved margins ;  cymes
sessile.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1491.  Walt. p. 116.  Mich. 1. p. 178.
  Sometimes arborescent.  Leaves frequently oval, sometimes slight-
ly cordate, conspicuously acuminate.  Petioles nearly an inch long.
Berries black.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia,
  Flowers
   Leaves  obovate, near-
ly round  and  oval, gla-
brous,  sharply  serrate ;
petioles  winged.
   4. PRUNIFOLIUM.
   V. foliis  obovato-sub-
rotundis ovalibusque, gla-
bris, argute serratis ;  pe-
tiolis marginatis.   Sp. pl.
1. p. 1487.
   Walt. p. 116.  Mich. 1. p. 178.   Pursh, 1. p. 201.
  A shrub 8—15 feet high, branches virgate, glabrous.  Leaves acute,
shining, finely serrate. Stipides inversely heart-shaped, serrulate.  Cy-
mes large.  Corolla white, larger than in our other species, and the
plant altogether ornamental.  Fruit oval, dark blue, eatable, known
by the name of sloes.
  Grows in loose, dry rich soils.
  FJow*ers April—May.                    Black-haw.  Sloe.
   5. Nudum.
   V. foliis  ovalibus, sub-
rugoeis,  margine  revolu-
  Leaves oval, somewhat
rugose, with the margins 
366
PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
tis,  obsolete  crenulatis.
Sp. pl. l. p. 1487.
   Walt. p. 116.  Mich. 1. p. 178.
revolute, obscurely  cre-
nulate.
 Pursh, l.p.201.
  A shrub 4—12 feet high, the branches virgate, when young covered
with a ferruginous down, when old glabrous. Leaves, as in tire whole
venus, opposite, petiolate, slightly acuminate, glabrous  on the upper
surface,  beneath dotted, the veins and margins pubescent,  blowers
in naked terminal cymes. Peduncles jointed, pubescent. Calyx very
small, white.  Corolla 2—3 times as large as the calyx, white ; seg-
ments obtuse, reflected. Filaments almo^twice as long as the co-
rolla, inserted into  its tube.  Antliers neWly globose,  2 celled, yel-
low.  Germ clothed with the  tube of the calyx.   Styles 0 ? Stigma
obscurely 3 parted.  Drupe oval, blue, containing a hard bony seed.
  Michaux mentions a variety in the mountains of Georgia  with pe-
rennial leaves.  In the lower  country the leaves adhere to a late pe-
riod of the winter.
  Grows in swamps, potttis, &c.  Common.
  Flowers April—May.
   Glabrous; leaves obo-
vate, crenate. dentate or
entire,  obtuse  ;   cymes
sessile ; fruit ovate, near-
ly round.
   6. Obovatum.   Walt.
   V. glabrum; foliis obo-
vatis,  crenatis,  dentatis
seu integerrimis, obtusis;
cymis  sessilibus;  fructi-
bus    ovato-subrotundis.
Pursh, l.p. 201.
   Walt. 1. p. 116.
   V. cassinoides.  Mich. 1. p. 179 ?
  Shrub 4—8 feet high ; branches virgate.  Leaves wedge shaped,
obovate, obscurely crenulate, sometimes entire, crowded near  the
cymes; the lower leaves more obovate, the upper lanceolate, the un-
der surface and peduncles covered with glandular punctures.
  Grows  along the margins of rivers.   Very common about the ter-
mination  of tide water.
  Flowers April—May.
   7. Cassinoides.
   V. glabrum; foliis ova-
to-lanceolatis, utrinque a-
                   margine
cutis,  crenatis
   Glabrous; leaves "ovate
lanceolate, acute at  each
end,  crenate,  with  the 
PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.           367
margins slightly revolute;
petioles  keeled, without
glands.
subrevolutis  ;    petiolis
carinatis,    eglandulosis.
Pursh,  l.  p.  202.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1491.
  The lower leaves obovate, the next ovate, the upper lanceolate.
Linn.  Berries blueishblack.  Pursh. It appears to me very proba^
ble that this and the preceding species are the same plant.
   Grows in swamps-
  Flowers May—June.
      Leaves  lanceolate,
smooth,   remotely  ser-
rate, entire at  base.
   8. L^EVIGATUM?
   V. foliis lanceolatis, lse-
vibus,   remote  serratis,
basi integerrimis.   Sp. pl,
l. p. 1492.
  Pursh, 1. p. 202.

  Shrub 2—4 feet high, much branched and more diffuse than usual
in this genus ; branches glabrous, but sprinkled with a brown excres-
cence resembling dust-  Leaves small, nearly siwsile,  cuneate, obo-
vate  or lanceolate, near the summit dentate, glabrous, lucid on the
upper surface, the under dotted and sprinkled with  ferruginous dust.
Cymes small, nearly sessile.  Corolla white.  Filaments much shorter
than  the corolla.
  I refer the plant before me, with some hesitation, to the V. lseviga-
tum.   The  " Folia petiolata, lato-lanceolata" of Linnseus, by  no
means apply to  it, though in other points they agree.
  Rare to me.   Found near the old  Club-house, between Ashepoo
and Combahee rivers, in dry soils.
  Flowers March—-April.
   9. NlTIDUM.
   V. glaberrimum ; foliis
lineari-lanceolatis, supra
nitidis,  obsolete  serratis
integrisve;  ramis tetra-
gonis.   Pursh, l.p. £02.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1492.
  A low shrub with small leaves.  Pursh.
  Grows in  sandy barren woods, in Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers
   Very glabrous;  leaves
linear lanceolate,  shining
on the upper surface, ob-
scurely serrate or entire;
branches 4 angled.
Pursfc 
>36S            PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
SAMBUCUS.   Gen. pl. 505.
   Calyx 5 parted.    Co-
rolla  5  cleft.    Berry 3
seeded.
 Stipules wanting; cyme?
5  parted ;  leaves  gene-
rally bipinnate ;  leaflets
oblong oval, shining, gla-
brous ; stem shrubby. ■l
  Calyx 5-partitus.   Co-
rolla  5-Ada.   Bacca 3-
sperma.
   1. Canadensis.
  S. stipulis nullis; cymis
quinquepartitis ;   foliis
sub-bipinnatis  ;    foliolis
oblongo-ovalibus,  nitidis,
glabris; caule frutcscente.
Pers.  1. p. 323.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1494.  Walt.p.116.  Mich. l.p. 181. Pursh, 1. p. 203^

  Shrub 8—15 feet  high, the  branches glabrous, thickened at each
joint, slightly furrowed;  the young branches sometimes  virgate,
Leaves  pinnate, sometimes bipinnate;  leaflets acutely serrate, with
a long  acumination; the terminal  leaf frequently obovate.  Calyx
Bmall,  white.  Civolla somewhat rotate ; segments oval, revolute.
Filaments shorter than the  corolla,  inserted into its tube.  Anthers
incumbent, yellow.   Germ inferior.   Style 1,  thick, ventricose.
Stigma obtuse, 3 cleft. Berry globose, black.
  Growsin wet grounds, swamps, &c.  Common.
  Flowers April—July.
  3.  Pubescens.
  S. cyma subracemosa;
cortice sub verrucosa ; fo-
liis terminalibus quinatis;
foliolis  ovali-lanceolatis,
6ubtus    pubescentibus.
Pers.  1. p. 328.
   Pursh, 1. p. 204.
   S. pubens, Mich. 1. p. 181.

  A small shrub.  Leaflets oblong, acuminate, sometimes by sevens
on the  sterile branches ; a small leaf frequently occurs at the base
of a leaflet, like a small lobe that had separated from it.  Cymes.
crowded, racemose.  Berries red.  Mich.
  Grows among the highest mountains of Carolina.  Mich.
  Flowers June—July.
  Cymes racemose ; bark
somewhat    roughened
with  tubercles ; tern inal
leaves  by  fives; leaflets
oval  lanceolate,  pubes-
cent  underneath. 
PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.           369
STAPHYLEA.   Gen. pl. 507.
   Calyx inferior,  5  part-
ed.   Petals 5.   Capsules
inflated,  connate.    Nuts
2, globose,  marked with
a cicatrice.

   Leaves  trifoliate;  ra-
cemes  pendulous ; petals
ciliate near tbe base.
184.
   Calyx inferus,  5-parti-
tus.   Petala 5.   Capsula?
inflatae, connatse.   Nuces
2, globosse cum cicatrice.


   1.  TRfFOLLV.
   S. foliis trifoliatis ; ra-
cemis pendulis ;   petalis
inferne ciliatis.  Pursh, 1.
p. 20Q.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1498.   Walt. p. 116.  Mich. 1. p.

  A  shrub 6—12 feet high ; .the  branches generally  erect,  terete,
smooth.  Leaves opposite, trifoliate ; leaflets ovate lanceolate, acu-
minate, serrulate, on tlie upper surface sparingly, on the lower dense-
ly pubescent.  Flowers in a terminal, pendulous panicle composed of
opposite fascicles.  , Calyx deeply 5 parted; segments oval, obtuse.
Petals ob >vate, a litte longer than the calyx, ciliate near the base, in-
serted on the germ.  Filaments as long as tlie petals and alternating
with them.  Anthers incumbent   Yellow germ superior, ovate, liairy.
Styles 3, slightly cohering, hairy at base.  Stigma capitate.  Cap
sule large, inflated, 3 celled,or 3  capsules cohering on the inner side;
each cellar capsule acuminate, opening on the inner side, containing
2 globular nuts, polished, a little  compressed, with an oblique summit
just above the cicatrice.
  Grows common near Columbia; Mr. Herbemont.  Rare in the low
country.
  Flowers March—April.
■A*
TURNERA.   Cen. il. 514.
   Calyx  inferus,  5-fidus,
infundibuliformis; exteri-
or  dififhyllus.   Petala  5,
calyci inserta    Stigmata
mu bifida.   Capsula l-lo-
cuiaris,  3-valvis.
   Calyx inferior,  5 cleft
funnel shaped ; the  exte-
rior 2 leaved.   Petals 5,
inserted  on  the   calyx.
Stigmas many cleft. Cap-
sule l celled, 3 valved.
v % 
370
PENTANDRIA  TRIGYNIA.
1. ClSTOIDES ?
 Peduncles axillary, leaf-
less ;  leaves senate near
the summit.               ]
   T. pedunculis axillari-
bus, aphyllis ; foliis apice
serratis. Sp. pl. l.p. 1505.
   Pursh, 1. p. 206.
  Root perennial.   Stem herbaceous, 12—18 inches,high, si:nple, very
fcairy, hairs rufous.  Leaves  alternate, oval, obtuse,  crenate, hairy,
Underneath almost hoary, 1 inch,long, 5—6 lines wide, nearly sessile.
Flowers  solitary ;  peduncles about an inch long, hairy, towards the
summit jointed, sometimes geniculate.  Calyx somewhat persistent.
Petals obovate, yellow, almost transparent.  Filaments half as long
as the corolla, inserted into the base of the germ.  Anthers sagittate,
Germ superior,  ovate, villous.   Styles  shorter than  the stamens.
Capsule globose, villous.  Seeds reniform, dotted,  attached to  the
margins of the valves.   I have never seen in this species an exterior
calyx.
  First noticed by the late Dr. Brickell, of Savannah, growing on the
■common around that city ; common on  the south side of the Parachu-
ela Savannah, near the Sisters Ferry.
  flowers June—September.
               LEPUROPETALON.   E.
   Calyx 5-partitus.   Pe-
tala 5, squamseformia, ca-
lyci inserta.   Capsula su-
perne  libera, l-locularis,
3-valvis.
1. Spathulatum.
   Calyx 5 parted.   Pe-
tals 5, resembling  scales,
inserted  into  the  calyx.
Capsule  free   near  the
summit, l  celled, l valv-
ed.
   Pyxidanthera spathulata,  Muhl. Cat.
  Plant annual,  glabrous.  Stem erect  and procumbent, somewhat
succulent, slightly angled, branching from the base, forming little
hemispherical tufts about half an inch "in diameter.  Leaves alternate,
sessile, spathulate-lanceolate, obtuse, entire.  Flowers solitary, ter-
minal.  Cah/x persistent, large for the size of the plant, clothing.the
germ witji its tube ; segments ovate, obtuse.  Petals very small, like
scales, ovate, white, inserted at the fissures of the calyx, persistent.
Filaments scarcely as long as the petals,  inserted between them.
Anthers  erect, nearly round, 2 celled, yellow.  Germ slightly ang-
led,  free above, truncate, furrowed.  Styles very short,  when young
cohering at base.  Stigmas simple.  Capsule 3 valved at the summit.
Seeds numerous, oval, dotted, attached to the inflected margin of the
valves.
  Found in  Chatham county, Georgia;  Silk Hope ; Vail Ombrosa;
jccently near Savannah, by Dr. Baldwin.  Grows in close soils.
  Flowers March—April. 
rttKTANDKSA TBTRA6YNIA.
371
SAROTHRA.
 1  Calyx  5 parted.    Co-
rolla  5  petalled.   Cap*
sule  i  celled,  3 valved,
coloured.
    Calyx 5-partitus.   Co-
*yrolla  5 petala.   Capsula
  l-locularis,  3-valvis,  co-
 lorata.

    1. Gentianoides.

    Sp. pl. 1. p. 1515.
    Hypericum nudicaule? Walt. p. 190.       %
    Hypericum sarothra, Mich. 2. p. 79.  Pursh, 2. p. 378.'
   Annual ?  Stem 8—12 inches high, erect, glabrous, branching from
 the very base.   (Lower leaves somewhat ovate, Walt.);  stem leaves
 opposite, small, subulate, like stipules.  Flowers solitary, axjllary,
 ►nearly sessile.   Calyx persistent; segments subulate.  Petals oval,
 narrow, obtuse, yellow, longer than the calyx.  Filaments as long a*
 the corolla.  Capsule oblong, acu'e.
   A genus veryLnearly allied to Hypericum.
   Grows in damp soils.  , .
   blowers July—September.
vw www vw wv wvVw vw kv%

  TET8AGYNIA.
tWwVVWW\VlVWitWWVWV
PARNASSIA.   Gen. pl.  523.
    Calyx .5-partitus.   Pe-
 tala  5.   Nectaria  5, cor-
 data, ciliata, apicibus glo-
 bosis.    Capsula  4-valvis,
 2-locularis.
    1. Caroliniana.
    P.   foliis   radicalibus j
 suborbiculatis;  nectariis '
 trisetis.  Mich. l. p. 184.
   Pursh, 1. p. 208.
  Perennial.  Radical  leaves  cordate,  nearly circular, sometimes
reniform, entire, obt.use, glabrous, 5—7 nerved, on petioles 2—«
inches long; stem leaves sessile, resembling those of the root.  Stem
 12—18 inches high, slightly  angled, 1 flowered.  Calyx small. -5
   Calyx 5-parted.   Pe-
tals 5.    Nectaries  5, cor-
date,  ciliate, globose  at
the  summit.   Capside  4
valved,  2 celled.

   Radical leaves  nearly
orbicular;  nectaries with
3 bristles. 
%72
PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
parted. (5 leaved ?) ; segments oval, 3 ribbed, with a membranous
margin.  CoroUa much larger, white, petals oval  or ovate, marked
with 5— 7 distinct green nerves and a sculptured margin near the
base. Nectaries 3 parted, eacn division terminating in an awn near-
ly as long as the corolla. Filaments very short.   Anthers sagittate.
Styles short.                                            if
  'Grows near Columbia, S. C. Mr. Herbemont.  Near the summit or
the Alleghany^mountainrt ; Dr. Macbride.   *
  Flowers July—September.


  2. Asarifolia.  Ventenat.
   Radical   leaves  renir
form; petals clawed; nec-
taries  3 cleft.
   P. foliis radicalibus re-
niformibus ;  petalis  un-
quiculatis; nectariis trifi-
dis.   Vent. Mai. 3U.t. 3U.
   Pursh, 1. p. 208.

  Leaves and fiowers larger than those of the preceding species.
Pursh.
  Grows on the highest mountains of Virginia and Carolina.
  Fiowers July—August.

                  vwv^wwvwvww* vwwvvw

                   PENTAGYNIA.
                  WWW l/WVWWV vwwvvw vw
ARALIA.  Gen. pl.  525.
  Involucrum umbellulae.
Calyx  5-dentatus,  supe-
rus.    CoroUa  5-petala.
Bacca 5-sperma.
   Umbels with small in-
volucrums.    Calyx   5
toothed, superior.  Corol-
la 5 petalled.   Berry  5
seeded.
   1. Spinosa.
   A. arborescens;  caule
foliisque aculeatis ; pani-
cula ramosissima, umbel-
lis racemosis.    Pers. l.
p. 332.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1520.  Walt. p. 117. Mich. 1. p. 186.  Pursh, 1. p. 209.
  Root  perennial: shooting tip many straight, shrubby, unbranching
Stems naked and prickly (not spinous) below, with the leaves crowd-
  Arborescent; stem and
leaves  prickly  ;  panicle
much branched,  umbels
racemose. 
PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNlA.
37&
ed at the summit of the stems, like the palm trees.  Leaves bipin-
nate ; leaflets ovate, acuminate, slightly  crenate, glaucous under-
neath, and somewhat pubescent;  common petioles  2—3  feet long,
i'ointed, channelled, sometimes prickly.   Panicles  terminal, very
 arge,  branches terminating  in small  umbels  or fascicles 15—>20
flowered   Petals oval, white, reflected, caducous, much longer, than
calyx.  Filaments lnnger than the  petals.  Anthers incumbent, white.
Germ depressed.  Styles 5, short.   Stigmas qbtuse, connivent.
  Grows  in the richest soils, wherever they are  not frequently  in-
undated.
  Flowers June—August.                         Prickly-ash.
  A watery infusion of the bark of the  fresh root is  both emetic and
cathartic, and is probably to be preferred  to any emetic  yet-discov-
ered among our native  plants.  A  gum-resinous extract, which is de-
cidedly cathartic, may be prepared by boiling  the  root in water.
The active properties  seem to be much weakened from drying the
root   This plant, though chiefly  employed as an emetic, has also
some reputation as a remedy in those rheumatic and cutaneous affec-
tions anion'jj negroes'which are supposed  to have a syphilitic origin.
In cases of the bite of the rattlesnake, the decoction or infusion of the
fresh root is given 'in sufficient quantities  to occasion vomiting, and
in such cases  it appears to deserve more attention than  most other
remedies.
   2.  Racemosa.
   A.  caule herbaceo, lse-
vi ;   foliis  decompositis,
glabris; pedunculis  axil-
laribus,  ramosis,  umbel-
latis.   Sp.pl. l. p.  1521.
       Stem  herbaceous,
smooth ;  leaves decom-
pound, glabrous ;  pedun-
cles  axillary,  branching,
bearing umbels.
   Mich. l.p. 185.   Pursh, 1. p. 209.

  Herbaceous, with wide spreading branches.  Leaves three parted,
with the divisions  3—5 leaved ; leaflets  ovate, acuminate, acutely
serrate,  frequently cordate, with the petioles and stem pubescent,
sometimes hairy. ..Axillary branches leafy, bearing many umbels; ter-
minal branches paniculate, without  leaves.  Mich.
  Grows in the mountains.   Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers                                       Spike-nard.
  The root in the form of decoction is a much esteemed remedy for
rheumatism among the inhabitants of the mountains of this, state.
 8.  NUDICAULIS.
A.  subacaulis,  unifoli- 1     Nearly stemless, bear-
ata, folio  triquinato;  fo-
ing one  leaf, leaf triquin- 
374          PENTANDRIA  PENTAGYNIA.
ate ; leaflets oblong oval;
scape naked, shorter than
the leaf; umbels few.
 liolis  oblongo-ovalibus  ;
 scrapo  nudo,  folio brevi-
 ore ;  umbellulis  paucis.
 Pursh, l. p. 209.
   Mich. 1. p. 185.  Sp. pl. 1. p. 1521.
  Stem very short, or rather none.  Leaves 2, decompound, with long
petioles.  Leaves 3 parted, the divisions pinnate, bearing 5 pair of
leaflets.  Scape shooting  from  between the leaves, 3 cleft  or bear-
ing 3 small umbels.  Linn.
  Grows in shaded,'rocky soils, in the mountains.  Pursh.
  Flowprs May—June.

              STATICE.   Gen. pl. 527.
   Calyx  1 leaved, entire,
plaited, scariose.   Petals
5.
Seed'l, superior.
   Scape panicledjtorete;
leaves  smooth,   without
nerves, undulate, mucro-
nate below the summit.
   Calyx  l-phyllus, inte-
ger,  plicatus,   scariosus.
Petala 5.   Semen  l, su-
perum.
   l. Limonicam?
   S.  scapo   paniculato,
tereti;  foliis lsevibus, en-
erviis, undulatis,sub apice
mucronatis.   Persr 1. p.
   Sp. pl.  I. p. 1525.
   Statice Caroliniana,  Walt. p. 118.   Pursh, 1. p. 212.
   Root perennial, thick,  woody,  scaly near the surface of the
ground.  Radical leaves somewhat  obovate, entire, obtuse,  emargi-
nate, with a minute point bent  underneath, narrowed  at base to a
long petiole ; stem leaves, a few scales embracing the stem and the
base of the branches.  Panic e  composed of spikes with the fiowers
pointing one way (secunl).  Involucrum 3 leaved, 2 flowered ; the
2 lo. er  leaves lanceolate,  mucronate, membranaceous; the upper
rounded, coloured, with the margin scarious ; the interior flower has
also a 2 leaved, membranaceous involucrum.  Calyx 10  toothed, hairy
at base, the teeth alternately very  minute ; calyx and involucrum
persistent.   Petals longer than  the calyx, obovate, blue.  Filaments
shorter than the  corolla, attached to the base of the petals.   Anthen
incumbent, dark  purple.  Germ  superior, 5 angled   Styles shorter
than the stamens.  Stigmas thickened.  Seed oblong, angled,  trun-
cate, covered by  the calyx.
  Grows among the rushes along the sea shore.
  Flowers July-—October.                    Marsh Rosemary.
  The root is very astringent, and is used by many of the most re-
spectable physicians of the Middle .and Eastern States instead of
Kino or any other vegetable astringent.  A decoction of the root as
a wash in ulcerous sore throat is an old family prescription. 
PENTANDRIA  PENTAGYNIA*
37*
                        LINUM.
   Calm 5-phyllus.   Pe-
tala 5 A Capsula 5-valvis,
10^1 ocularis.  Semina so-
li taria.
   1. VlRGlNlANUYf.
   L. foliolis calycinis a-
eutis ;  panicula  termina-
li,  floribus remote  altcr-
    :  foliis Imeari-lanceo-
   Calyx 5 leaved.    Pe-
tals 5.   Capsule 5 valved,
10-celled.   Seeds solita-
ry.
nis
                                Leaves of the calyx a-
                             cute ;  panicle  terminal,
                             with  the  flowers remote-
                             ly  alternate ;  leaves  li-
                             near   lanceolate,   those
                             near  the   root ovate.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1538.  Walt. p. 117.  Mich. 2. p. 36.
  Annual. Stem 2—3 feet high, simple near the base, much divided at
the summit.  Leaves scattered, sometimes opposite.  Flowers form?
ing  racemes along  the branches.  Corolla yellow, small.  Capsule
nearly globose.
  Grows in light soils.
  Flowers May—June.
latis, sparsis, radicalibus
ovatis.   Pursh, l. p. 210.
DROSERA.
   Calyx 5 cleft.   Petals
5.   Capsule  1  celled, at
the  summit  5  valved.
Seeds  numerous.
   Calyx 5-fidus.  Petala
5.   Capsula  l-locularis,
apice  5-valvis.    Semina
plurima.
   1. Rotundifolia.
  *1). scapis  simplicibus;
foliis orbicularis, basi  at-
tenuatis ;  petiolis elonga-
tis, pilosis.   Pursh, l.  p.
210.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1543.  Walt. p. 118.  Mich. 1. p. 186.
  Annual.  Stem 0.  Leaves  all  radical, lying flat on  the ground
and forming a circle about an inch and an half in diameter, obovate,
wedge shaped, rounded at  the summit, tinged with a rufous colour,
eovered with  stiff rufous hairs, each of which exudes from its point a
drop of fluid, which by its viscidity detains and destroys small insects.
This fluid never appears to fall from the hairs, but is secreted nearjy
   Scapes simple ;  leaves
orbicular,   tapering   at
base  ;    petioles   long,
hairy. 
3^6           PENTANDRIA POLYGYNIA*
in proportion to its evaporation, and the secretion is supposed to be
greatest in dry clear weather ;  hence the Drosera has acquired  the
popular name of Sundew.  Scapes 2-3 inches high.   Flowers 2-5,
on short pedicels.  Corolla white.  The calyx aud  scape have  the
same reddish hue that distinguishes the leaves.           J
  The brevifolia, of Pursh,  is probably only a variety of this speciea.
  Grows in damp soils, bogs, &c.
  Flowers April.                                  Sundew,

   2. LONGIFOLIA.

   I). scapis  simplicibus;
foliis spatftulato-obovatis;
petiolis elongatis,  nudis.

Pursh, l.  p.  2 11.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1544.

  Grows from Canada to  Carolina in situations similar to the pre-
ceding.
  Flowers June—July.
   Scapes simple ; leaves
spathulate obovate ;  pe-
tioles long, naked.
   3. Folios a.   E.
   D.  caulescens ;  foliis     Bearing a stem; leaves
confertis,  ovalibus,  basi   crowded,   oval,   wedge
cuneatis ;  petiolis longis-   shaped at  base,  on long
simis, nudis.  E.            naked petioles.
  Stem 4—6 inches high, perhaps creeping, terete, a little hairy, un-
divided ?  Leaves crowded, oblong, small, liairy, as in the other species
of this genus, tapering  at base ; petioles slender, without hair, 2—3
inches long, with subulate stipules at their base.  The flowers I have
not seen.
  Found by Dr. Macbride, in the vallies  among  the sand  hills m
Chesterfield district, South-Carolina.                       ,,
  Fiowers
WVw* wx vx/v wvwv*^v\ WW
POLYGYNIA.
(W\W\W\W\W\^/V\WVW\
ZANTHORH1ZA.
   Calyx  0.    Petala  5.
Nectaria  5,  pedicellata.
Capsula? 5, monospermy.
    Calyx 0.    Petals 5.
Nectaries  5, pedicellate.
Capsules 5, one seeded. 
PENTANDRIA POLYGYNIA.            87Y
   1.  Apiifolia.
   Sp. pl. 1. p. 1568.  Mich. 1. p. 186.  Pursh, 1. p. 212.
  A shrub 2—3  feet high, bearing many suckers   Stem simple, the
bark smooth, glabrous, wood yellow.   Leaves crowded at the summit
of the stem, triternate ; leaflets sessile, lanceolate, acute, doubly in-
cised, the upper surface glabrous, the under and margin,  pubescent;
petioles 6—8 inches lony;, dilated aiul amplexicaule at  base.  Flow-
ers in compoxmd racemes below the leaves.   Petals oblong, dark pur-
ple.   Nectaries obovate, two lobed, dark  purple, alternating with the
petals ami about half their length.   Filaments short.  Anthers incum-
bent   Germs generally 5, sometimes  more [7—11,Schr.)  superior,
compressed, slightly incurved, terminating in short styles.  Stigmas
simple  Capsules as many as the styles,  inflated, compressed,  1
celled, 2 valved, opening at the oblique summit.   Seed  oblong, com-
pressed.
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina, near the mountains.
  Fl.iwers March—April.                          Yellow root.
  The root ii extremely bitter, and has been used as a substitute for
Columbo.  It also yields plentifully a yellow colouring matter. 
CLASS VI.
HEXANDRIA,
    MONOGYNIA.

204. TILLANDSIA.
205. TRADESCANTIA.
206. PONTEDERIA.
aor. PANCRATIUM.
208. AMARYLLIS.
209. ALLIUM.
210. L1LIUM.
211. ERYTHRON1UM.
212. UVULARIA.
213. STREPTOPUS.
214. POLYGONATUM.
215. SMILACINA.
216. CONVALLARIA.
217. HYPOXIS.
218. ORNITHOGALUM.
219. ALETRIS.
220. ASPARAGUS.
221. YUCCA.
222. AGAVE,
223. CONOSTYLIS,
224. ACORUS.
225. ORONTIUM.
226. JUNCUS.
227. CAULOPHYLLUM.
228. DIPHYLLEIA.
229. BERBERIS.
      TRIGTNIAi

  230  RUMEX.
  231. NECTRIS.
  232. TUIGLOCHINT.
  233. MELANTHIUM.
  234. VERATRUM.
 >235. ZIGADENUS.
  236. HELOMAS.
<<237. TOF1ELDIA.
'' 238. NOLINA.
  239. MEDEOLA.
  240. TKILLIUM.
  241. SABAL.
  242. CHAM^ROPSI.
/
  TETRAGYNIA*

243. SAURURUSv
     HEXAGTNIA.

  244. WENDLANDIA.

      POLYGYNIA.

/ 245. ALISMA.
WVWkVW rfWVWVtt'
TILLANDSIA.
   Calyss 3-fidus, persis-
tens, subconvolutus.  Co-
rolla 3-fida, campanulata.
Capsula  l—3  loculariso
Semina coraosa.
   Calyx 3  cleft, persis-
tent,  somewhat  convo-
lute. Corolla 3 cleft, cam-
panulate.   Capsule 1—3
celled.   Seeds crowned
with a tuft of hair. 
HEXVNDHrA  MONOGYNIA.
37*
   1. USNEOIDES.
   T. pedunculis  l.floris,
brevibus ; caule  ramoso,
filiformi,   flexuoso  ppn-
dulo;  foliis  subulato-fili-
formibus.   Persoon, 1. p.
346.
   Sp.pl. 2. p. 15.  Walt p. H 9.
                                   Peduncles 1 flowered,
                                 short;  stem  branching,
                                 filiform, flexuous, pendu.
                                 lous; leaves subulate, fill-
                                 form.


                                Mich. 1. p. 195.  Pursh, 1. p. 217:

   Perennial, parasitical, taking root in the fissures of the bark of trees.
  Stem lon<- covered and somewhat roughened a9  well  as  the leaves
i  with membranaceous scales dotted  in the centre ; the centre of the.
  stem and leaves composed of a filiform, black, horny thread, resem*
  bling the internal  structure  of the Gorgonia and other  zoophytes.
  Leaves like the stem, nearly terete.  Flowers solitary, axillary, ses-
  sile, with 3 or 4 small leaves surrounding their base.   Calyx and co-
  rona divided nearly to the base; segments lanceolate, membranaceous,
  of the same length.  Filaments 3 ? shorter than the corolla, and in*.
  serted  between the segments.  Anthers erect.   Germ superior, ob-
  long.  Styk half as long as  tlie stamens.  Stigma obtuse, 3 cleft*
  Capsule nearly cylindrical, 2—3 celled, the cells separating when-
  mature, and opening on  the interior  side.  Seeds several  (3 to 9) in
  each cell, oblong, acute at each end, crowned with a long tuft of hair.
   Grows on every tree in the low country.
   Flowers through the summer.                    Long moss.
   Black cattle eat this plant in winter with avidity, and  sometimes
  •rees are felled during a series of severe frosts to place the moss with-
 in their reach.  The moss, when dried, is beaten until the bark falls
 oft" and the cartilaginous hair-like flexible stem used for stuffing mat*
  tresses, chairs, &c.
   2.  Bartramil   E.
   T. foliis  subulatis, ca-      Leaves subulate, chan-
naliculatis,  pruinosis, e-   nelled,  hoary,  erect,  di-
rectis, basi dilatatis carti-   lated and cartilaginous at
lagineisque  ;  scapo  sim-   base; scape simple, shor-
plici foliis breviore, sum-   ter  than  the   leaves,  2
mitate bifloro.   E.          flowered at the summit.
   Tillandsia mOnostachya ? Bartram's Travels, p. 59.
  Root fibrous, insinuating itself into the bark and decayed wood of
old.trees.  Leaves about a  foot long, subulate, or semiterete, chan-
nelled on the inner side, covered with whitish leprous scales.   Spike
simple, leafy; the upper leaves lanceolate, acuminate, imbricate, tin-
ged at base with pink, the last bearing in its kosom two flowers, 
ISO
HEXVNDItlA  MONOGYNIA.
  This is most probably  the Tillandsia  seen by Bartram near the*
Alatamaha.  It has lately been discovered again by Lewis Le Conte,
Esq. in Liberty county, Georgia, growing  on old trees in the Mortar
Swamp, to whom  I am indebted for fine specimens, which however-
had only begun to bud.  It appears to me, as it did to Mr. Le Conte,
to differ from any  species described in Persoon,  the latest  authority
to which we  could refer.
  It resembles more the figure in Sloan, No. 122, fig. 1, than his fig-
ure  of the recurvata, Jso.  121, fig. 1.
  Flowers June.
   3. Recurvata.
   T.  foliis subulatis, re-
curvatis ;  scapo setaceo
foliis longiore, summitate
sub-bifloro.   Pursh, i. p.
Si 7.
   Sp. pl 2 p. 15.
  I insert this species from Pursh, who describes it as a parasitic
plant, growing on old  trees in Georgia and  Florida, farming small
tufts  and covered with leprous scales, as the  preceding species*
Flowers purple.

         TRADESCANTIA.   Gen. pl. 54 5.
   Leaves  subulate,  re-
curved :  scape setaceous,
longer  than  the  leaves,
at the summit generally
2 flowered.
   Calyx 3-phyllus.   Pe-
tala 3.   Filamenta villis
articulatis.    Capsula  3-
locularis.
   1.'Virginica.
   T. erecta, subramosa;
foliis  longe  lanceolatis,
canaliculars; floribus ca-
pitulatis, capitulis sessili-
bus.   E.
   Calyx  3 leaved.   Pe-
tals 3.   Filaments villous,
with jointed  hair.   Cap-
sule 3 celled..

 Erect,branching: leaves
long, lanceolate, channel-
led  ;  flowers  in  heads,
heads sessile.
   a.   cj.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 16.  Mich. 1 p. 193.  Pursh, 1. p. 218.
   T. cristata, Walt. p. 119.
  Root perennial, creeping.  Stem herbaceous, succulent, glabrous,
striate, 2 feet high, sometimes branching.  leaves sessile, long, chan-
nelled, glabrous,  when young ciliate, sprinkled with elevated dots,
•mbracing, and the lower sheathing the stem.  Florvers in terminal
beads, which appear to he divided,  and the flowers in 2 rows io 
                 ItEXANDRlA MONOGYNIA.            38C

each division ; the interior or upper flowers first open.  Leaves of the
Involucrum  2^resembling the other  leaves ; pedicels 1 inch long.
Calyx pecpH?tent.   Petals ovate, twice as long as the calyx, purple or
rose coroured, expanding in  the morning, and before noon withering.
Fila/nents shorter than the coro la, inserted at the base of the germ,
bejrutifully feathered with jointed down of the same colour as the pe-
tals.  Anthers incumbent, crescent shaped, yellow.   Germ superior,
J3  angled.  Style as long as the stamens.  Stigma  small, capitate.
Capsule somewhat 3 angled, 3 celled, 3 valved.  Seeds  2 ? in  each
eell, compressed, angled.
   Grows  sparingly in the low country, glabrous; sent  to me  from
Pendleton, by Messrs.  Perry and Brown, hairy,and with ciliate leaves
and involucrum.
   Flowers April—June.



    2. Rosea.   Mich.
    T.   erecta,  simplex ;      Erect, simple  ;  leaves
foliis  lineari-lanceolatis;   linear  lanceolate;  head
capitulis pedunculatis. E.   on  peduncles.
i    Mich. 1. p. 193.  Pursh, 1. p. 218.
I   T. Virginica, Walt. p. 119.

™  Perennial, cespitose.  Stem 8—12 inches high,  succulent,  simple.
Leaves at their base sheathing the stem, channelled, glabrous, dotted,
hairy at the  throat, when young ciliate.   Flowers in a terminal  capi-
tulum on a peduncle 3—4 inches long, which perhaps is correctly only
the last joint of the  stem;  pedicels scarcely an inch long.  Calyx
glabrous,  leaves lanceolate,  spotted.  Petals 3 times as  long as the
calyx, of a bright rose colour.  Seed one in each cell, reund  on one
side,  angled on  the other.
   This is  a  much smaller species than the preceding, and if it  does
not creep would form a beautiful border plant for the. beds in  a  flow-
er garden.  Grows in most soils, which are moderately fertile-
   Flowers May—August.
PONTEDER1A.   Gen. pl. 545.
   Corolla l-petala, 6-fi la,
bilabiata.   Stamina  3 a-
pice sive tubo corollse in-
serta.   Capsula 3-locula-
ris;
   Corolla  l  petalled,  6
cleft,  2  lipped.    3  Sta-
mens   inserted   on   the
summit  or  tube  of  the
corolla.  Capsule 3 celled.
• 
382
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
   Leaves cordate ;  fiow~
ers in  crowded spikes.

Pursh, l.p. £23.
Leaves radical, cordate, obtuse,
    1.  Cordata.
   P.  foliis cordatis; flo-
ribus   confertis, spicatis.
Sp.pl. 2. p. 23.
   YValt. p. 120.  Mich. 1. p. 193.

  Perennial, cespitose.  Stem 0.
entire,  membranaceous, very glabrous; petioles 2 feet long, succu-
lent, sheathing at base the interior leaves; the central petiole jointed,.
and producing from a fissure above the joint the spike of flowers.
Spike crowded, buds ? 3—G flowered : common peduncle clothed
with transparent jointed hair.  Corolla villous on the outer surface,
blue, the upper lip 3 parted to its base, the lower with a yellow spot
in the centre and 3 cleft at the summit.  Filaments 6-»3 at the base
of the tube of the corolla, apparently attached to the lower lip,  3 at
the  summit of the tube attached to the upper lip; all short.  Anthers
erect, blue ; pollen yellow.  Germ superior, obovate, furrowed.  Style
as long as the corolla. Stigma obtuse.  (Seed several in each  celh
Linn.)
  Grows in bogs and ditches.
  Flowers April—September.                        JYampee.
2.  Lancifolia.   Muhl.  Cat.
   P. foliis oblongo-lance-
olatis ;  floribus  spicatis.
E.
   Leaves oblong lanceo-
late ;  flowers in spikes.
  From the preceding species this only differs in the leaves, which are
when young linear lanceolate, when old  somewhat ovate; the spike
is produced in the same manner, but is smaller, arising probably from
the comparative sterility of the soil in which usually grows.
  Although it is now many years since I first noticed this plant grow-
ing around the pine barren ponds in Chatham county, Georgia, I feel
yet a doubt whether it is more than a  variety of the P. cordata.
  Flowers May—June.



           PANCRATIUM.    Gen. pl. 551.
  Corolla supera, infundi
buliformis,   tubo   longo.
Nectarium     l^-fidum.
Stamina  nectario impo-
sita.
   Corolla superior, fun-
nel shaped, with the tube
long.   Nectary  12 cleit.
Stamens  placed  on the
nectary.
o 
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.            383
    Spathe  generally  2
flowered ;  leaves oblong
lanceolate  ; six  teeth of
the  nectary  bearing  the
stamens, six intermediate
simple.
    i.  Mexicanum ?
    P.  spatha  sub-biflora;
/foliis oblongo-lanceolatis;
 nectarii   dentibus    sex
 staminiferis,  intermediis
 simplicibus.  Sp. pl. 1. p.


    Walt. p. 120.  Mich. 1. p. 188.   Pursh, 1. p. 221.

 *yRapt bulbous.  Leaves long, strap shaped, rather obtuse, somewhat
 siicculent, glabrous.  Scape 18—24 inches long, generally 2 flowered
 in* its native soils, when  cultivated very commonly 3—4 flowered.
 Sheath generally composed of 2 pair of membranous  leaves, the inte-
 rior small.  Tube of the coroUa 3 inches long, the border six parted,
 the segments linear lanceolate, as long as the tube, white, tinged on
 the back with  green.  Tube of the nectary very  short, inserted on
 the summit of the tube of the corolla ; border  half the length of the
 corolla, expanding, very delicate and membranous, the margin irre-
 gularly 12 parted, six teeth extending into filaments, the intermediate
 angle obtuse, undulate, entire.  Filaments as  long as the corolla, ex-r
 tending down the nectary to the tube of the corolla.   Germ inferior,
 3 angled.  Style as long  as the corolla, oblique.   Stigma capitate,
 slightly 3 cleft.  Capsule 3 celled, 3 valved.  Seed many in each cell,
 angled.
   Our Pancratium  has been  figured and described  in  the Botanical
 Magazine, 827, as the P.  rotatum.  I  have not the means of deter*-
 mining whether it is really distinct from the P. mexicanum.   Linn.
   The texture of the  nectary is  so delicate that the margin is fie- •
 quently torn ; this occurs even in the expansion of the flower from
 the slight coherence of the  folds in the bud; but the  margin is natu-
 rally entire.
   I have cultivated plants from the upper country, Augusta, Georgia,
 and the rivers in the  low country; they have differed much in the
 size of the root and leaves, but  in  the flowers I  could perceive no
 difference.
   Dr. Macbride mentions, that in the Santee swamps, where he has
 been  most accustomed to  see this  plant, it frequently bears more
 than  two  flowers.  In the Ogeechee and Savannah rivers, where  I
 alive generally observed it,  it is almost invariably two flowered.
   Grows in the  marshes along the borders of fresh water rivers.
   Flowers  April—May.
   2.  Maritimum.
   P.  spatha  multiflora ;  |   Spathe many flowered;
foliis  lineari-lanceolatis ;  | leaves linear lanceolate ; 
884
HEXANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
nectai ii  dentibus duode- 1  the nectary with 13 teeth
cim non staminiferis.   Sp.   not bearing stamens.
pi. 2. p. 42.
   Walt. p. 120.  Pursh, 1. p. 222.  Catesby, 2. app. p. 5. t. 5.

  Scape 12—18 inches high.  Nectary funnel shaped, erect, with 2.
teeth between each filament.
  Seen by Catesby in the Parachucla Savannah, St, Peter's parish^
South-Carolina.                                           '•
  Flowers June—August.
AMARYLLIS.   Gen. pl. 554.
                                  Corolla nearly 6 petal-
                               led, irregular.  Filaments
                               inserted in the  throat of
                               the  tube,  declining (or
                               straight), unequal in pro-
                               portion or direction.


                                  Spathe 2 cleft, 1 flow.
                               ered;  corolla campanu-.
                               late, equal;  pistil declin-

                               ing.
                              Mich. 1. p. 187.  Pursh, 1 p. 222.

  Root bulbous.   Leaves linear, entire, somewhat succulent, concave,
glabrous, about a foot long.  Scape 6 inches high, I flowered, terete,
not springing from the centre of the leaves nut among the lateral
ones.   Spathe 1 leaved, a little coloured, opening at one side, 2 cleft
at the summit.  Calyx 0.  Corolla 6  petalled ? slightly  united into
a tube at base ; petals all  lanceolate, acute, equal, white, the three
exterior striate and tinged  with  pink  at  the  summit.   Filaments
shorter than the petals.   Anthers incumbent.  Germ  inferior, pedi-
cellate, nearly cylindrical.  Styk longer than the stamens, leaning
to one side of the  corolla.  Stigma 3 cleft.   Capsule 3 valved, 3 cel-
led.  Seeds many  in each cell.
  Grows generally in stiff, clayey soils.
  Flowers  March.               Atamasco lilly.  Stagger-grass.
  Generally  supposed to be poisonous to cattle, and  to produce the
disease in calves called " staggers.'5
   Corolla hexapetaloidea,
 irregularis.    Filamenta
 fauci tubi inserta, declina-
 ta (aut  recta), insequalia
 proportione   vel  direc-
 tione.
    1.  Atauasco.
    A. spatha  bifida,  uni-
 flora  ;  corolla campanu-
 lata, sequali;  pistillo  dc-
•clinato.    Pers. l. p. 35 2.
    Sp.pl. 2. p.-51. Walt. p. 120. 
nEXANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.          Sftfi
ALLIUM.   Gen. pl. 557.
   Corolla  6-partita,  pa-
tens.   Spatha multiflora.
Umbella  congesta.  Cap-
sula supera.
   1.  Canadense.
   A. scapo nudo, tereti ;
foliis linearibus ;  capitulo
bulbifero.  Sp.  pl.  2.  p.
68.
   Walt. p. 121.
  Leaves linear, flat, smooth, straight, about a span long.  Scape te»
rete, scarcely longer than the leaves.  Capitulum composed of bulbs.
Flowers few, pedicellate, white.  Petals  oval.  Stamens simple,  as
long as the corolla.  Linn.
  Urows from Canada to Carolina.  Pursh.
  ^lowers June.
   Corolla  6 parted,  ex-
panding.   Spathe many
flowered.    Umbels  clus.
tered.  Capsule superior.

   Scape  naked,  terete;
leaves linear ; head bear-
ing bulbs.
2. Cernuum.  Muhl. Cat.
   A.  scapo  subancipiti ;
foliis linearibus;  umbella
multiflora, nutante; stam-
inibus simplicibus, exer-
tis;  semiiiibus solitariis.
E.
   Scape  somewhat anci-
pitous ;   leaves  linear ;
umbel  many  flowered,
nodding ; stamens  sim-
ple, exserted; seeds soli-
tary.
  Bulb  tunicated.  Leaves all radical, 8—12 inches long, 3 lines
wide, flat, striate, sheathing at base.  Scape 1—2 feet high, slight, y
compressed, bent near the summit.  Umbels many flowered. Pet. s
lanceolate, rose coloured,  bilaments longer  than the petals.  .#• ■--
thers incumbent, simple. Style as lon^- as the stamens. Stigma sii;>
pie.  Capsule nearly globose.  VVi'.Yn solitary.
  Found on the mountains of Carolina, by Dr. Macbride*
  Flowers July.
   3  Striatum.
   A. scapo nudo, subtri-
quetro ; foliis linearibus,
concavis, dorso  striatis;
                        A3
  Scape  naked,  slightly
3 angled ; leaves  linear,
concave, streaked on the 
|g0            HEXANDRIA  MONOGYNIA,
corollis patentibus; stam-
inibus  simplicibus, inclu-
gis.
back;  corolla expanding;
stamens simple, included.
   Pursh, 1. p. 226.  Sp. pl. 2. p. 77.
   A. inodorum, Sp. pl  2. p. 76.
   A. fragrans, Pursh, 1. p. 222.
   A. ornithogaloides, Walt. p. 12L
   A. Canadense ? Mich. 1. p. 194.
  J?oo£ a tunicated bulb.  Leaves all radical, glabrous, a little succu-
lent, C—8 inches long, 2—-3 lines wide, each at base sheathing the in-
tenor leaves.  Scape  8—12 inches long, compressed.  Spathe 2
leaved ; leaves ovate, acute, withering.  Flowers 8-—10, in a simple
umbel;  pedicels 2—3 inches long.  Petals oval, white, the 3 exterior
rather larger than tlie interior, and slightly keeled with a coloured
midrib.  Filaments unequal, shorter than  the petals.  Anthers in-
cumbent, 2  lobed.   Germ  superior, somewhat  cylindrical.   Style  as
long as  the stamens  Stigma  obtuse.  Capsule 3  celled, 3 valved,
with a few angular seeds in each cell.
  Grows in the pine barrens  of Carolina and Georgia.  Unless se*
verely bruised, this plant exhibits none of that peculiar and penetrating
odour which characterises this genus.
  Flowers March—April,
   Scape   terete ;  leaves
linear, flat;  umbel  many
flowered ; stamens  sim-
ple, included; seeds soli-
tary.
   4. Mutabile.   Mich.
   A.  scapo tereti;  foliis
linearibus, planis  ;   um-
bella  multiflora ;   stami-
nibus  simplicibus, inclu-
sis ;  seminibus solitariis ?
E.
   fch. 1. p. 195.
  Bulb curiously webbed cr netted with intersecting nerves.  Leaves
12—J8 inches  long, very narrow, becoming setaceous near the sum-
mit, membranous and sheathing  at base.  Scape 2 feet high.  Spathe
3 leaved.  Petals lanceolate, acute,  changing from an obscure green
to a bright rose colour.  Filaments shorter than the petals.  Anthers
incumbent, simple.  Germ globose ?  Style as  long  as  the stamens.
Stigma obtuse.  Capsule nearly globose. i>eed$ (in all the specimens 1
have seen) solitary.
   Grows in  wet pine barrens.   Rare to me.  Found where the road
leading from Beck's Ferry unites with the Purysburgh road.  Sent
from St. Stephens  by Dr. Macbride.
   Flowers May—June.
   I have not seen  this species bearing bulbs ; and I strongly suspec*
ftatMiehaux's bulb-bearing variety is the A. Canadense, Linn. 
CCEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA1.           £87
LILIUM.   Gen. pl. 558.
   Corolla  6-petala,  cam-
panulata, linea longitudi-
nali  nectarifera ;  laciniis
saepius reflexis.  Capsula
valvulis  pilo  cancellato
connexis.

   1. Catesbjei.  Walt.
   L. foliis sparsis,  lineari-
lanceolatis;  caule uniflo-
ro ;  corolla  erecta; pe-
talis  longe  unguiculatis,
margine undulatis,  apice
reflexis.   Sp. pl. 2. p. 86. | gin, reflected at the sum-
                            | mit.
   Walt. p. 123.  Mich.  1. p. 197.  Pursh, 1. p. 228.
  Root a scaly bulb ; scales ovate lanceolate, thick, succulent.  Stem
herbaceous, erect, simple,  glabrous, terete,  2 feet high.  Leaves ses-
sile, appressed, crowded near  the middle of the stem. Flower termi-
nal.   Petals ovate lanceolate, tapering at base into a claw half an inch
long, red, becoming  yellow near the base,  and variegated with darlf
brown spots.  Nectary ? formed of a small melliferous pore  at the
base of the petals. Filaments nearly as long as  the petals. Anthers
incumbent, versatile.  Germ superior, obtusely 3 angled, obtuse.
Style as long as the stamens.  Stigma thick, capitate.  Capsule 3'
celled, 3 valved.
  Grows in flat pine  barrens, around ponds.
  Flowers July—August.                       Catesby's lilly.
   Corolla 6 petalled, cam-
panulate, with a longitu-
dinal nectariferous line ;
the segments most com-
monly  reflected.   Valves
of the capsule connected
by interwoven hair.

   Leaves  scattered,   li-
near  lanceolate  ;   stem
one flowered ;   corolla
erect ; petals with  long
claws and  undulate mar-
   2. Philadelphicum.
   L.  foliis   verticillatis;
floribus erectis;  corolla
campanulata;  petalis un-
guiculatis.   Sp. pl. 2.  p.
90.                         |
   Walt. p. 123.  Pursh, 1. p. 229.
  Stem 2 feet high, glabrous.  Leaves verticillate and scattered, nan-
row lanceolate, slightly acuminate, sometimes oblique, without nerved*
     Leaves  verticillate ;
flowers  erect  ;   corolla
campanulate; petals with
claws. 
$8&
HEXANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
Flowers generally solitary (sometimes 3 or more,  Pursh.), terminal.
Pe/afs spathulate,*lanceolate, with the claw long.
  Inserted on the authority of Walter.  For my specimens I am in-
debted to  Mr. Collins of Philadelphia, and Dr. Bigelovv ot iioston.
  Ffowers July—August.
   3. Canadense.
   L  foliis  remote  verti-
cillatis, lanceolatis, triner-
vibus,  subtus ad  nervos
subhirsutis  ;   pedunculis
terminalibus,   elongatis.
plerumque  ternis;  corol-
lis cernuis,  campanulatis,
re vol utis.   Pursh,  l.  p.
229.                        \
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 89.  Mich. 1. p. 197.
  Root a scaly bulb.  Stem 2—4 feet high, terete, glabrous.  Leaves
all verticillate, linear lanceolate, and lanceolate, 3  nerved, some-
times acuminate.  Fiowers  generally bv t',rees terminal, on long
reflected peduncles.   CoroUa somewhat campanulate, revolute.  Pe-
tals lanceolate.
  Grows in the vallies among the  mountains.
  Fiowers  July—August.
   Leaves remotely verti-
cillate, lanceolate, 3 nerv-
ed, hirsute  along the un-
der surface of the nerves;
peduncles terminal, long,
generally by threes ; co-
rolla nodding,  campanu-
late,  revolute.
4.  Carolinianum.   Mich.
 L.  foliis  verticillatis
sparsisque,  cuneato-lan-
ceolatis;  floribus paucis,
terminalibus (l—3);  pe-
dunculis crassis; corollis
revolutis.   E.
     Leaves   verticillate
and scattered, lanceolate,
wedge  shaped  at base ;
flowers   few,   terminal
(l—3); peduncles thick;
corolla revolute.
   Mich. l.p. 197.
   L. Martagon, Walt. p. 123.
  Root a scaly bulb.  Stem 2 feet high, terete.   Leaves verticillate,
5—8 leaves in a  whorl, with scattered leaves inters; ersed, obscurely
3 nerved, somewhat succulent, very entire.  Flowers terminal, by
threes, in pairs, or solitary. Petals  long, lanceolate, very acute, the
midrib of the 3 interior  petals winged ?  CoroUa orange coloured,
spotted with dark purple.
  There is  some obscurity in this species ; it is possible that it is the
%*. superbum, growing in a soil not  favoiable to its full expansion; 
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
389
This however flowers generally in August, the L. superbum, in the
gardens in Charleston, flowers in June.
  Grows in  damp soils, in the low country of Carolina.  Not very
common.
  Flowers July—August.
   Leaves glabrous, lower
leaves   verticillate,   the
rest  scattered ;   flowers
reflected, in  a pyramidal
raceme; corolla revolute.
   5.  Superbum.
   L.  foliis glabris, imis
verticillatis, cseteris spar-
sis ;  floribus  racemoso-
pyramidatis, reflexis ; co-
rollis  revolutis.  Sp.  pl.
2. p. 88.
   Walt. p. 123.  Pursh, 1. p. 230.

  Root a scaly bulb, producing offsets at some distance from the
parent root.  Stem 4—8 feet  high, terete, glabrous.  Lower leaves
(j—9, in a whorl, the upper scattered, all linear lanceolate, 3 nerved.
Corolla, as in all of our  species, of a bright orange colour, spotted
with dark purple.
  A splendid species, growing sometimes 7—8 feet high, and bearing
30 to 5§ flowers, not more remarkable for the brilliancy of their co-
lour, than for their graceful arrangement.
  Grows in (lie vallies of the upper country, and among the moun-
tains.
  Flowers July—August.                       Superb lilly.
ERYTHRONIUM.   Gen. pl. 502.
   Corolla 6-petala, cam-
panulata ;   nectario   tu-
berculis 2, petalorum al-
tcrnorum basi adnatis.


   1. Amebic anum.
   E. stylo clavato, trigo- I
no ; foliis apice involutis. I
Smith, in Uees' Cycl.  vol. j
14.                        |
   E. lanceolatum, Pursh, 1. p. 231,
   E. Deiih canis, var. r.  Sp. pl. 2.
   —.------------Mich  1. p. 198.
   Anon, pudic ?  Walt. p. 123.
   Corolla 6 petalled, cam-
panulate.  Nectary com-
posed of 2 tubercles,  at-
tached to the base of the
alternate petals.

   Style  club  shaped,  3
angled ;  leaves  involute
at the point.
p. 96. 
390
HEXANDRTA  MONOGYNIA.
  Perennial.  Leaves somewhat radical, lanceolate, sheathing at base,
stained with purple, involute at the summit.   Scape  8—12 inches,
bearing a solitary nodding  flower.  Calyx 0.   Petals  6, 3  exterior,
reflected from about the middle. Nectary 2 scales at the base of the
inner petals.   Stamens short.  Style shorter than the petals.  Stig-
vias 3.   Capsule nearly globular, 3 celled, 3 valved.  Seeds numerous.
  Grows in the upper country of Georgia and Carolina.  Louisville,
Georgia.  Mr. Jackson.
  Flowers March—April,
UVUIARIA.   Gen. pl. 500.
   CoroUa  6petala, erec-
ta, Nectariinfovea baseos
petali.   Filamenta brevis-
sima.   Stigmata  3, lon-
ga.   Capsula  3-gona, 8-
locularis.
   1. Perfoliata.
   U. foliis perfoliatis, el-
lipticis,  obtusis;   corolla
campanulata, intus tuber-
culata; antheris aristatis.
Smith,Exot.Bot. l.p. 95.
t. 49.
   Sp. pl. 2.  p. 94.  Mich. 1. p. 199.  Pursh, 1. p. 231.
  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, erect, 8—12 inches high. Leaves
elliptic, rather acute, having many nerves, entire, glabrous ; the lower
leaves only sheathes, clothing the  stem.  Flowers few, solitary, axil-
lary, nodding.  Calyx 0.  Petals lanceolate, pale 3-ellow, roughened
on the inner  surface with small tubercles.  Capsule somewhat turbi-
nate, trigonous, truncate, with several seeds in each cell.
  Grows sparingly in the low country. I have seen it near Beaufort
in fertile  soils.  More common in the upper country.
  Flowers April.
 CoroUa 6 petalled, erect.
A nectariferous cavity at
the  base of the   petals.
Filaments   very    short.
Stigmas  8,  long.   Cap-
sule 3 angled, 8 celled.

   Leaves perfoliate* ellip-
tic, obtuse ; corolla cam-
panulate, tubercled with-
in ;  anthers awned.
   2. Flava.   Smith.
   IJ. foliis perfoliatis,  el-
liptico-oblongis,  obtusis,
basi  undulatis  ;   corolla
   Leaves  perfoliate,  el-
liptic  oblong, obtuse, un-
dulate at  base;  corolla 
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
391
tapering at base,  rough-
ened   within;   anthers
awned.
basi attenuata, intus  sca-
brata; antheris  aristatis.
Smith, Exot. Bot. l>  p.
97. t.  50.
   Pursh, 1. p. 231.
  Flowers  larger than those of the U. perfoliata, and of a brighter
yellow.  Pursh.
  Grows in shaded, sandy soils, from New-Jersey to lower Carolina. P.
  Flowers May—June.
   Leaves perfoliate, ob-
long,  acute ;  petals  gla-
brous on both surfaces;
anthers  without  awns;
nectary nearly round.
   8. Grandiplora ?
   U. foliis perfoliatis, ob-
longis, acutis;  petalis  u-
trinque glabris ; antheris
submuticis; nectario sub-
rftundo.    Smith,  Exot.
Bot.  l. p. 99. t.  51.
   Pursh, 1. p. 231.
   U. perfoliata, var. a. Mich. 1. p. 199.
  A plant every way larger than the preceding species, and more
branched.  Leaves very obtuse at base, acute, sometimes slightly
acuminate at  the summit.  Petals oblong, not entirely smooth on the
inner surface, though less tubercled than in the preceding species.
  The specimens in my  possession were collected among the mounT
tains by Dr. Macbride, and near Athens, Georgia, by Mr. Green.
  Flowers in the spring.
  Leaves of the same co-
lour on both  sides,  oval,
rounded  at   base,   and
somewhat amplexicaule j
capsule sessile, ovate.
   4. Puberula.   Mich.
   U. foliis utrinque con-
coloribus,  ovalibus,  basi
rotundatis,   subamplexi-
caulibus ; capsula sessili,
ovata.   Mich. 1. p. 199.
   Pursh, 1. p. 232.
  This species is inserted on the authority of Michaux.  I have spe-
cimens  sent me from Athens, by Mr. Green, of an Uvularia, 8__12
inches high. Stem sheathed near the base, pubescent and sometimes
divided at the summit, slightly angled.  Leaves lanceolate, sessile,
amplexicaule, of the  same  colour on  each side, pubescent along the
margins.  Flowers 1  or 2 on each stem, rather large, smooth on  the
inner surface, on peduncles nearly an inch long. Do they belong to
this species ?
  Grows on the mountains of Carolina.  Mich. 
 392           tjexandr1a monogynia.

   5.  Sessilifolia.
   U. foliis sessilibus, Ian-  |    Leaves sessile, lanceo.
ceolato-ovalibus,   subtus  j late  oval,  glaucous  un,
glaucis ; capsula stipitata,  | derneath ;  capsule  ovate,
ovata.   Pers. 1. p. 300.   j on a footstalk.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 95.  Mich. 1. p. 199.  Pursh, 1. p. 231.
  Stem 8—12 inches high, generally divided near the summit, with
a solitary flower on one branch.   Leaves sessile, somewhat amplexi-
caule, many nerved, glabrous on the under surface.  Flower on a
9hort peduncle.  (Segments of the corolla flat, smooth within.  Pursh.)
  Rare in the low country ; common in the upper.   Columbia; Mr.
Herbemont.  St. Johns ; Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers May—June.
               STREPTOPUS.   Mien.

   Corolla  C-petala, sub-        Corolla  Q  petalleu,
campanulata.   Stigmata   somewhat  campanulate.
brevissima.  Bacca sub-   Stigmas very short.  Ber-
globosa, coriacea.           ry globular, leathery.
   1. Roseus.
   S. foliis amplexicauli-      Leaves amplexicaule,
bus, serrulato-ciliatis; an-   serrulate ciliate ;  anthers
theris  brevibus, bicorni-   short, two horned.
bus.   Mich.  l. p. 201.
   Pursh, 1. p. 232.
  Stem 12—18  inches high, divided, glabrous.  Leaves oval, acumi-
nate, many nerved, with 5 more conspicuous than the rest. Flowers
small, axillary, solitary, on short geniculate nodding peduncles, rose
coloured.
  The flowers in this genus are more numerous on each stem than in
the genus Uvularia.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.  Dr.  Muhl.  Pursh.
  Flowers May—July.
  For my specimens I am  indebted to the kindness of Mr. Kin of
Philadelphia. 
1IEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.           393
2. Lanuginoses.  Mich.
   Hoary;  leaves sessile,
somewhat cordate; pedi-
cels by pairs.
   S.  incana; foliis sessi-
libus,  subcordatis ; pedi-
cellis  geminatis.   Mich.
l. p.  SOI.
   Pursh, 1. p. 232.
  Leaves with an abrupt and long acumination.  Flowers three times
the size of its  congeners, of a greenish hue.  Berry 1 or 2 seeded,
with I  or 2 cells  abortive.  Mich.
  Grows among  the highest mountains of Carolina.  Mich.
  Flowers June.
POLYCONATLTM.   Desfontaines, in
          Mus. Hist. Nat. i). p. 48.
  CoroUa infera, 6-fida, cy-
lindrica.   Filamenta tubo
superne  inserta.   Bacca
globosa, 3-loculiiris, locu-
lis 2-spermi9.  Flores ax-
illares.
   1. Btflo rum.   Walt.
   P. caule tereti, lawi;
foliis alternis,  sessilibus,
elliptico-lanceolatis,   tri-
nervibus;  pedunculis ax-
illaribus, solitariis, bifloris.
   P. angustifolium ? Pursh, 1. p. 234.
   Convallaria biflora, Walt. p. 122.
  Stem 12—18 inches high. Leaves slightly amplexicaule, glabrous*
CoroUa pale yellow, tipped with green.  Perhaps only a variety oi
the  succeeding species, but the leaves are narrower, and the peaun-
cles almost invariably 2 flowered.  •
  Grows in the upper country ; in%ie lime stone lands of St. Johns.
not uncommon.
  Flowers
  Corolla inferior, 6 cleft,
cylindrical.  Filaments in-
serted  near  the summit
of the tube.   Berry glo-
bose,  3  celled, cells  2
seeded. Florvers axillary.

   Stem terete, smooth;
leaves  alternate,  sessile,
elliptic lanceolate, 3 nerv-
ed ;  peduncles axillary,
solitary, 2 flowered.
B3 
394
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
   Stem terete; leaves al
ternate, amplexicaule, ob.
long oval;  peduncles ax-
illary, many flowered.
   2.  Multifloritm.
   P.  caule tereti;  foliis
alternis, amplexicaulibus,
oblongo-ovalibus; pedun-
culis  axillaribus, multiflo-
ris.   Pursh, l. p. 234.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 162.  Mich. 1. p. 202.
  Leaves large, glabrous, acute, sometimes a little ovate, many nerv-
ed (7).  Peduncles long.
  Grows among the mountains, and in the upper country of Carolina
and Georgia.
  Flowers May—July.
   3.  Pubescens.
 P. caule teretiusculo, sul-
cato ; foliis alternis, am-
plexicaulibus, ovatis, sub-
tus pubescentibus ;  ped-
unculis axillaribus, subbi-
floris.  Pursh, 1. p. 234.
  Stem   nearly  terete,
slightly furrowed; leaves
alternate,  amplexicaule,
ovate, pubescent  under-
neath ;  peduncles axilla-
ry, generally 2 •flowered,
   Convallaria pubescens, Muhl. Cat.

  Leaves 5—7 nerved, 3 more conspicuous than the rest.  Peduncles
short.  Flowers small.
  Growsun rocks near water, from New-England to Carolina.  Pursh.
  Flowers May—June.
SMILACINA.   Desfontaines in Annal.
           Mus. Hist. Nat. 9. p. 51.
  Corolla infera, 6-partita,
patens. Filamenta diver-
gentia, laciniarum basi in-
fixa.   Bacca globosa, 3-
locularis.   Flores  termi-
nales  paniculati, s.  um-
bellath
     Corolla  inferior,  6
parted, expanding.  Fila-
ments diverging, inserted
q£ the base of the  seg-
ments  of  the   corolla.
Berry  globose, 3  celled.
Flowers  terminal, pani
cled or umhelled. 
HEXANDR1A MONOGYNIA.          895
   1. Umbellata.
   S. foliis radicalibus ob-      Radical leaves oblong
longo-ovalibus,  margine   oval, with the margin and
et  carina ciliatis ; scapo   keel ciliate ; scape pubes-
pubescente ; umbella ter-   cent;   umbel terminal $
minali; pedicellis bracte-   pedicels bracteate.
atis.   Pursh, 1. p. 232.
   Convallaria umbellulata, Mich. 1. p. 202.
  Root creeping, somewhat tuberous.   Leaves embracing the base ot
the stem, large, many nerved, tapering to the base. Scape  about a
foot high.  Umbel small, terminal.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina. Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers May—August.
   2.  Racemosa.
   S.  caule folioso ; foliis
alternis, sessilibus, oblon-
go-ovalibus,   acuminatis,
nervosis, pubescentibus ;
floribus terminalibus race-
moso-paniculatis.  Pursh,
  Stem leafy;  leaves al-
ternate,   sessile, oblong
oval, acuminate, nerved,
pubescent ;   flowers  in
terminal, racemose pani-
cles.
 l.p. 234.
   Convallaria racemosa, Sp. pl. 2. p. 163.  Walt. p. 122.  Mich. 1.
     p. 202.

  Stem  12—18 inches high, slightly geniculate.  Leaves many nerv~
ed, with three more conspicuous than the rest. Flowers small, crowd-
ed on the racemes, pale white.
  Common in the upper country.  Athens; Mr. Green. Found in
St. Stephens, by Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers June—July.

  CONVALLARIA.  Gen. pl. 575.  Desfontaines.
   CoroUa infera, 6-Ada,
campanulata.    Stamina
corolla breviora, ad basin
inserta.  Bacca globosa,
3-locularis,  loculis 1—2
spermis.  Scapus racemo-
sus.
  Corolla inferior, 6-cleft,
campanulate.    Stamens
shorter than the corolla,
inserted into their base.
Berry globose, 3  celled,
cells 1—2 seeded. Scape
racemose. 
390           IIEXANDRIA  MONOGYNIA,
   Scape naked, smooth ;
leaves ovate.
   1.   Majalis.
   C.  scapo nudo,  Isevi;
foliis  ovatis.   Sp.  pl. 2.
p. 160.
   Pursh, 1. p. 232.  Mich. 1. p. 201.
  Flowers nodding on the spike, a little campanulate, white, fragrant,
  Grows on the highest mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers May.

              HYPOXIS.   Gen.  pl. 565.
   Spatha  2 valvis.   Co-
rolla 6-partita, persistens,
supera.  Capsula elonga-
ta, basi angustior.  Semi-
na subrotunda, nuda.
   1.  Erecta.
   H.  pilosa; scapo  sub-
quadrifloro, foliis lineari-
subulatis  breviore ;  pe-
dunculis flore duplo lon-
gioribus.    Sp.  i)l. 2.  p.
106.
   Walt. p. 121. Pursh, 1. p. 224
   H. Carolinensis, Mich. 1. p
   Spathe 2 valved.    Co-
rolla 6 parted, persistent,
superior.   Capsule  long,
narrowed at base.  Seeds
nearly round, naked.

   Hairy;  scape general-
ly  4  flowered,  shorter
than  the linear subulate
leaves ;  peduncles twice
as long as the flower.
H. graminea ? Pursh, 1. p.
 188.
224.
  Root a small solid bulb.   Leaves all radical, subulate, entire, chan-
nelled, hairy, 3  nerved, slightly dotted, 3—6  inches long, 2 lines
wide.   Scape 2—4 inches  long, 1—4. flowered, slender, somewha'
compressed, hairy.   Peduncles half an inch long, with a subulate sti-
pule at base.  Petals expanding, yellow on the inner surface, green
on the outer, twice as long  as the germ.  Filaments unequal, 3  half
as long as the corolla, 3 shorter.  Anthers incumbent.  Style short,
somewhat conic.  Stigma glandular, placed  along  the sides of the
style.   Capsule 3 celled, 3 valved.  Seeds  numerous in each cell,
ovate, attached to a central  receptacle.
  As the flowers begin to expand as soon as they rise to  the surface
of the earth, the plant has probablv in this state been taken for a distinct
species, and formed the II. sessiiis.  Dill. Hort.  Elth. t. 220. f. 38,'.
  Grows in close soils, very common.
  Flowers March—April.
  I have lately found a  variety in a very rich flat soil on the margin
of the Ogeechee, in which the bulbs were nearly  an inch in diameter,
the scape a foot high, and umbelliferous ; yet size appeared to be it*
only distinction.                               rt 
DEXANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.          397
   2.  FlLIFOLIA.  E.
   H.  foliis  subtriquetro-
flliformibus, pilosis;  sea-
pis plerumque bifloris.  E.
Leaves filiform,somewhat
3  angled, hairy  ;  scape
generally 2 flowered.
  Leaves 6—10 inches long, scarcely larger than a thread, very hairy,
slightly furrowed on the inner side.  Scape 6—8 inches Jong, 1—3
flowered, commonly bearing but 2.  Peduncles nearly  an inch lon°v.
Stamens proportionally shorter than in the preceding species.  Stig-
mas 3, nearly acute, glandular.
  Grows in very  sandy soils; near Ogeechee ferry; Cumberland
Island ; Mr. Lyon.  Louisville, Georgia ; Mr. Jackson.
  Flowers March—April.
     Leaves  channelled,
hairy, very entire ; scapes
one flowered.
   3. Juncea.   Smith.
   H.  foliis  canaliculars,
pilosis, integerrimis ; sea-
pis unifloris.  Sp.  pl.  2.
p. 110.
   Pursh, 1. p. 224.
  This species is said to grow in the bogs of Carolina, and to have
been introduced into England by Mr. Fraser.  As it is cultivated in
the garden at Kew and has therefore been seen in a living state, the
high authority of Sir J. E. Smith must give it a place among our spe-
cies.   I have not myself seen any species strictly one flowered, but it
is not rare to see plants of the II. erecta having but one flower.
ORNITHOGALUM.   Gen. pl. 566.
   Corolla 6-petala,  erec-
ta, persistens, supra  me-
dium patens.  Filamenta
basi  dilatata.    Capsula
subrotunda, angulata,   3
locularis.    Semina  sub-
rotunda, nuda.
   i.  CilOCEUM.
  O ? floribus racemosis ;
filamentis subulatis; pe-
dunculis (lore duplo lon-
   Corolla  6 petalled, e-
rect, persistent,  expand-
ing   near  the   summit.
Filaments dilated at base.
Capsule  nearly   round,
angled,  3 celled.  Seeds
nearly round, naked.

   Flowers in  racemes;
filaments  subulate;  pe-
duncles twice as lone: a* 
398
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
gioribus; bracteis brevi-
bus ; foliis linearibus, gla-
bris.   E.
the    flower;   bracteas
short; leaves linear, gla-
brous.
   Phalangium croceum, Mich. 1. p. 196.  Pursh, 1. p. 226.

  Root bulbous.  Leaves  12—18  inches long, linear, nerved, flat.
Scape shorter ?  than  the  leaves, terete, glabrous.  Flowers in  a
terminal, loose raceme.  Peduncles  about an inch long, the  upper
ones frequently by pairs.   Bracteas ovate, short, not one fourth of
the length of the peduncle.  Petals oval, obtuse,  white ?  Stamens
shorter than the petals.  Germ  superior.  Style very short, simple.
Stigma obtuse. (Seed nearly globose, black, smooth, shining. Mich.)
  From specimens sent from Louisville, Georgia, by Mr. Jackson.
  Flowers
  The genus of this plant is perhaps doubtful.   Yet from its bulbous
root and rounded  seed, it would appear,  notwithstanding its subulate
filaments, to belong to Orniihogalum rather than Phalangium.
ALETRIS.    Gen. pl.  570.
   Corolla  subcampanu-
lata,  rugosa.   Filamenta
laciniarum   basi  inserta.
Capsula corolla  marcida
vestita, 3 locularis, poly-
sperma.
   1. Farinosa.
   A. floribus pedicellatis,
oblongo-tubulosis; corol-
la marcida laeviuscula.
   Corolla somewhat cam-
panulate, rugose.    Fila-
ments  inserted  into the
base  of  the  segments.
Capsule  clothed  with the
withering  corolla, 3 cell-
ed, many  seeded.

    Flowers  pedicellate,
oblong, tubular;  the de-
caying   corolla   nearly
smooth.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 183.  Walt. p. 121.
   A. alba. Mich. 1. p. 189.   Pursh, 1. p. 225.
  Root tuberous, perennial.  Stem 0.   Leaves all radical, expanding.
oblong lanceolate, acute, entire, membranaceous, glabrous, perennial ?
3—5 inches long, 5—8 lines wide.  Flowers in a spike, not crowded.
Scape 2—2$  feet high, terete, furrowed,  glabrous,  slightly viscid,
furnished with a few small, subulate scales.  Peduncles scarcely more
than  the attenuated base of the flower.  Corolla white, rough, as if
sprinkled with coarse meal.  Stamens and styles very  short.  Anthers
sagittate.  Seeds small, oblong, attached to a central receptacle.
  Grows in damp pine barrens.  Common.
  Flowers May—June.                           Stan-grass. 
HEXANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.           399
   2. Aurea.   Walt.
    A. floribus  subsessili-
bus,   breviter  tubulosis,
subcampanulatis ; corolla
marcida rugosa,  scaber-
rima.
   Flowers nearly sessile,
somewhat  campanulate,
with short tubes;  the de-
caying  corolla   rugose,
very scabrous.
   Walt. p. 121.  Mich. 1. p. 190.  Pursh, 1. p. 225.

  I have used the characters of Michaux for these two  species with-
out being satisfied with them.  Except in the colour and figure of the
corolla, there is  no difference which I  have been able to discover.
The flowers of both species are attached to the scape, by the attenu-
ated base of the corolla, varying perhaps  as much in individuals as
in plants, and even in roughness they do not differ materially.  The
" Statio alia" and " tempus diversum florescentiae" of Walter,'do not
strictly apply, for I have seen them mingled in great profusion in
the same pine barren, and flowering together; but 1 have seen  the
A. aurea, in Bryan county, Georgia, growing in very dry oak land, a
situation in which the A. farinosa is rarely if ever found.
  Grows commonly in damp pine barrens.
  Flowers May—June.
  Star-grass, (so called from the disposition of the radical leaves.)
The root of both these plants is a harsh bitter, and is often given, in-
fused in vinegar, with success in intermittents attended with dropsi-
cal swellings.  When given in sufficient quantity it acts  as a purge.
ASPARAGUS.   Gen. pl.  573.
  Corolla infera, 6 partita,
erecta, laciniis 3 interiori-
bus apice reflexis.  Bac-
ca  3-locularis, polysper-
ma.
   1. Officinalis.
   A. caule herbaceo, in-
ermi, erecto,  tereti; foliis
setaceis, mollibus ; stipu-
lis  subsolitariis.   Smith,
Flor. Brit. 1.  p. 369.
   Corolla inferior, 6 part-
ed,  erect, the  3 interior
segments reflected at the
summit.  Berry 3 celled,
many seeded.

   Stem  herbaceous,  un-
armed,   erect,   terete  ;
leaves  setaceous,  soft;
stipules  generally solita-
ry.
   Sp. pl. 2. jh 150.  Pursh, 1. p. 235.

  Root herbaceous, creeping, throwing forth a profusion of thick, suc-
culent fibres.  Stem herbaceous, 4—6 feet high.  Leaves^in fascicle*, 
400           HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
S__5. Peduncles by pairs, one flowered, pendulous, jointed.  Corolla
campanulate, the interior petals  the longest.  Linn,   Flowers dioi-
cous.  Willd.
  This fine vegetable, a native originally of Europe, is now natural-
ized in our country.  It grows freely around enclosures  and in pas-
tures where the seed is deposited by birds.
  Grows in most soils, preferring those which  are moderately dry.
  Flowers through  the summer.
YUCCA.   Gen. pl.  580.
    Corolla  campanulate,
expanding.  Style 0.  Cap*
side 3 celled.

   Stemless ; leaves  lan-
ceolate,  entire, with the
margin filamentose; stig-
mas   recurved,  expand-
ing.
   Corolla  campanulato-
patens.   Stylus  null us.
Capsula 3-locularis.
   1. FlLAMENTOSA.
   Y. acaulis ; foliis lance.
olatis,  integerrimis, roar-
gine filamentosis;   stig-
matibus recurvato-paten-
tibus.   Pursh,  l. p. 227.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 184.  Walt. p. 124.  Mich. 2. p. 196.

  Perennial ;  producing its leaves almost from the surface of  the
earth.  Leaves 1—2 feet long, li inch  wide, acute,  but not rigid,
nor terminating in a spine ; the margin serrulate  and bearing long
threads,  that  appear to detach themselves from its surface.  Scape
7—8 feet high, terminating in a long panicle of white flowers.
  Grows in loose, rich soils,  not confined to the sea coast. The
leaves of this  plant twisted and tied together are  used  for strings,
ropes, and even cables for small boats.   It appears to  possess  the
strongest fibres of any vegetable whatever, and if  it can be  raised
with  facility may form a valuable article in domestic ceconomy.
  Flowers August.                    Silk grass.   Bear grass..
  The root is substituted for soap in washing woollens.
   %. Gloriosa.
   Y.  caulescens ;  foliis
lanceolatis, plicatis,  inte-
gerrimis ;  petalis lanceo-
latis.   Pursh, l.p. 228.
   Bearing a stem ; leaves
lanceolate,  plaited,  very
entire; petals lanceolate.
Sp. pl. 2. p. 183.  Walt. p. 124.   Mich. 1. p. 196. 
                 HEWNDRTA  MONOGYNIA.           404

   Root very thick.  Stem frutescent, thick, simple, erect, 2—4 feet
-high, succulent, roughened below with the imbricate bases of decayed
 leaves.   Leaves alternate, crowded,  expanding, long, lanceolate,
 rigid, very  acute, ttuck, somewhat  succulent, with the margins very
 entire   Flowers in a large, terminal, pyramidal panicle  2—3 feet
 long, composed of simple  racemes, 4—7 flowers on the lower racemes;
 pedicels generally about  an  inch long, with 2 stipules at the base.
 Calyx 0.  (orolla 6 petalled ; petals lanceolate, acute, white, spa*
 ri.igly  ciliate.  Stamens persistent.  Filaments half as long as the co-
 rolla, thick, compressed, pubescent.  Anthers sagittate, incumbent.
 Germ superior. Stigmas  3, concave, 2 cleft, obtuse.  Capsule oblong,
 glabrous, pulpy.  Seeds in 2  rows in each valve.
   Grows on the margin of the ocean, on the loose sand.
   Flowers May—August.


   3.  Dracom* ?
   Y. caulescens, ramosa;     Bearing a stem, branch-
 foliis  la iceolads, crenula-   ing;   leaves   lanceolate,
 tis,  strictis,  veteribus nu-   crenulate, strict, when old
 tantibus.    Sp.  pl.  2.  p.   nodding.
 18 t.
   Y. Aloifolia, Walt. p.  124.  Mich, 1. p. 196.  Pursh, 1 p. 228.

   A large shrub, sometimes  10—12 feet high, when  old becoming
 naked at tiie base ; iu many respects similar to the preceding, but the
 leaves  are more rigid, tie terminal spine  (if ii  may be so  called)
 stronger, and  the  margins rigid and  roughened, (crenulate),  the
 young  leaves  are  erect  and expanding,  the old ones sometimes
 bend about tne middle, as  if unable to support the weight of their sum*
 mitb, but generally droop  and point to tiie earth belore they decay.
   Grows along the sea  shore, frequently mingled with the preceding
 species; both are ornamental  plants, and have been tried for hedges?
 but they become too soon naked at tlie base.
   Flowers May—August.
   4.  Recurvifolia.   Sali
   Y.   caulescens;   foliis
lineari-lanceolatis,  recur-
vo-dellexis, margine raro
fiiamentosis; petalis inte-
rioribus latioribus. Pursh,
1. n. 228.
isbury.
    Bearing a stem ; leaves
  linear lanceolate,  recurv*
  ed,   deflected,  with  tiie
  margin   sometimes  fila-
  mentose ;  the   interior
  petals wider than the ex-
  terior. 
402
HEXANDRIA  MONOGYNIA-
  Stem about 3 feet high.  Flowers, as in all our species,  white^
tinged occasionally with green and purple.
  Grows on the sandy shores of Georgia.
  Flowers July—August.



              AGAVE.  Gen.  pl. 583.

   torolla supera, 6-par-        CoroUa  superior,  0
tita,  erecta.   Filamenta   parted, erect.   Filaments
corolla- longiora, erecta.   longer than the corolla,
Anthera? versatiles.          erect.   Anthers versatile.,
   1. Virginica.
   A. acaulis,  herbacea ; ]    Stemless, herbaceous ;
foliis   cartilaginco-serra- | leaves with cartilaginous
tis; scapo simplicissimo.  1 serratures ;   scape  sim-
pers. 1. p. 380.             j pie.

   Sp. pl. 2. p.  193. Walt. p. 121.  Mich. 1. p. 187. Pursh, 1. p. 226.

  Root perennial, taberous, pr&morse.  Hadical leaves long, lanceolate
acute, very smooth, succulent: stem leaves semiamplexicaule, acute,
resembling scales.  Scape 4—6 feet high, terete, glabrous.  Flow*
ers sessile. Calyx  0.   Corolla fragrant, of an  obscure yellow co-
lour, tubular,  furrowed; segments  shorter  than the  tube,  acute.
Filaments spotted, twice  as long as the corolla, inserted into its base.
Style terete, shorter than the filaments, spotted. Capsule globular,
slightly 3 furrowed, 3 celled, 3 valved.  Seeds numerous, compressed,
angular, 2 rowed in each  cell, attached to a central receptacle.
  Grows in pine barrens.
  Flowers July.        Virginian Agave—Rattle Snake's Master.
                    Thick-leaved Snake root.
  The root is bitter.   In some neighborhoods it is given in tincture as
a remedy for flatulent colick, and as such seems  deserving of notice;



                CONOSTYLIS.    Brown.

   Corolla 6-fida, persis-  |    Corolla  6 cleft, persis-
tens.    Anthera?  erectse.  | tent. Anthers erect. Style
Stylus cenicus.   Stigma  | conic.    Stigma  simple.
simplex.   Capsula  apice  |  Capsule iree at the sum-
libera, dehiscens, 3-locu-  | mit, gaping, 3  celled, ma-
laris, polysperma*          | ny seeded. 
HEXANDRIA  MONOGYUlA,           408
   1. Americana.   Pursh,
  C. corollis intus lanatis ;
scapis corymboso-panicu-
latis ; foliis  ensiformibus
glaucis ; filamentis sequa-
libus.   Pursh,  i. p.  22*.
   Corolla woolly within $
scapes  corymbose  pani-
culate  ;    leaves sword
shaped,  glaucous ;  fila,*
ments  equal.
  Root fibrous, creeping.  Radical leaves shorter than the scape, nar-
row, acute, glabrous.  Scape terete, erect, tomentose, furnished with
1 or 2 short leaves.  Flowers in the corymb crowded.  Segments of
the corolla oblong, acute, glabrous and yellow near the summit, to-
mentose  or  woolly near  the base.  Filaments 6, glabrous, near-
ly as long as the corolla.  Germ nearly round, glabrous.  Style sub-
ulate, divisible into 3, as long as the filaments. Stigma simple. Pursh.
  Grows in boggy soils, in the pine barrens of New-Jersey and Caro*
lina.  Pursh.
  Flowers July.                   *

                  ACORUS.   Gen. pl.

   Spadix cylindricus, tec- |   Spadix cylindrical,cov-
tus flosculis.   Corolla* 6- j ered with florets.  Corolla
pctalse, nudaj.   Stylus 0. | 6 petalled, naked.   Style
Capsula 3-locularis.       j 0.   Capsule 3  celled.
    1.  Calamus.
    A.  scapi mucrone  Ion- |     The summit of  the
gissimo, foliacco.   Sp.pl.  | scape long, leaflike.
2.  p. 199.                   |
    Walt. p. I'M.  Mich. 1. p. 194.  Pursh, 1. p. 235.

  Root tuberous, perennial.  Leaves sword shaped, very  acute, an-
cipitous, glabrous, entire, with the  midrib prominent.  Scape about a
foot high, 3 angled, concave on one side, with  the summit flattened
and resembling the leaves.  Flowers on a cylindrical  spadix, 2—3
inches long, produced near the summit of the scape. Petals ovate, ob-
tuse, short, pale yellow.  Filaments longer than the petals.  Anthers
erect.  The stamens rise and discharge the pollen  by turns, not at
the same time,  Germ thick, superior.  Stigma obtuse, like a glan-
dular point.  Seeds many in each cell.
  Grows  in  wet places, around ponds, &c. near settlements; natu-
ralized but scarcely indigenous.
  Flowers April.                                 Calamus.
  The root is a grateful aromatic, and is used as a remedy for flatu-
lency.  A habit of chewing  it has been known to  impair seriously the
digestive faculties. 
404          HEXANDRIA  MONOGYNIA,


            ORONT1UM.   Gen. pl  587.

   Spadix cvlindricim. tec-  |    Spadix cylindrical, coy-
tus flosculis.   CoroUa  6-  | ered with florets. CoroUa
petala, nuda.  St-iflus nul-  | G  petalled. naked.   Style
lus.  Folliculi t-spermi.   | 0.   Follicles  1  seeded.

   1. AqUaTICIM.
   O. foliis lanceolato-ova-  |     Leaves  lanceolate  o-
tis.   Sp. pl  *  p.  199.    |  vate.
   Mich. 1. p  194.  Pursh. 1. p. 235.
   Pothos ovata, Walt, p  224.
  Root perennial.  Stem 0.   Leaves radical, annual, very entire, da-
brous, membranaceous, pale,  almost glaucous on the under  side, ob-
scurely nerved, and acute as  if mucronate. Spathe short,  clothing
the base of the mature spadix. Spadix nearly 2 feet long, erect and
assurgent, green at base, tinged with purple in the middle, very white
at the summit.  Petals small, yellow, persistent,  appress*J  to the
verm.  Filaments shorter than the corolla.  Anthers oval, incumbent,
yellow.  Germ superior, angled, truncate. Stigma very minute, con-
cave in the centre.   FoVick  ? globular, fleshy. Seed oval, glabrous,
 attached to the summit ? of the follicle.
   The pericarp does not (I believe) open, but falls with its enclosed-
 3eed as the spadix decays.
   Grows in bojrs ; verv  common.
   Fiowers March—April.
JUNCTJS.   Gen.  pl. 590.
  Calyx 6-phyllus,bibrac-
teatus,persistens. Corolla
0.  Stigmata 3.  Capsula
l-locularis, 3-valvis.  Se-
miua plurima.
   * Culmis nudis.
   1. Acuim.
   J. culmo nudo, tereti,
mucr»nato: panicula ter-
tniuuli; involucro uiphyl-
   Calyx 6 leaved, with 2
bracteas  at base, persis-
tent.  Co* olla 0.  Stigmas
3.   Capsule  i  celled, 3
valved.   Seeds numerous.
   * Stem naked.

  Stem naked, terete, mu-
cronate ; panicle termi-
nal ; involucrum a  leav- 
tfEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA,            405
ed, spiny; capsules near-
ly globular,  mucronate.
lo, sntnoso ;  capsulis sub-
rot undis. mucronatis.
Snmb, Fl. Brit.  l.p. 324.
   Sp. pl  2 p. 204.   Pursh, 1. p. 235.

  Roots perennial, cespitose, forming very  large tufts.  Stem 2—3
feet high, without leaves, hard, rigid, with a withering sheath at base;
the stems at base'unite in fascicles that are somewhat distichous.
Flowers in panicles, 2—3 inches long,  that appear lateral, but are
really terminal; the stem dividing into  a two leaved involucrum, the
exterior longer, the interior shorter than the panicle, both very acute,
pungent.  Leaves  of the calyx lanceolate, acute, rufous, with the
margins membranaceous, the 3 exterior  longer, acuminate, with the
point reflected.  Stamens very short.  Germ superior.  Style longer
than the stamens, 3  cleft.  Stigmas subulate, glandular.   Capw'e
somewhat obovate, obtusely 3 angled, pointed  with the style.  Seed
angular.
  Grows in brackish marshes, where it covers  extensive  bodies  of
land.
  Flowers ApriL                                Black Rush*
    Stem   naked,  strict ;
panicle lateral,  effused;
flowers oblong.
   2. Effusus.
   J. culmo nudo, stricto ;
panicula  laterali, effusa ;
floribus oblongis.  Sp. pl.
2. p. 205.
   Walt. p. 124.   Pursh, I. p. 236.

  Root fibrous, perennial, cespitose. forming very large tufts.  Stem
erect, 3 feet high,  terete, soft, acute but not rigid, with a  persis-
tent  mucronate sheath enveloping  the  base,  blowers in a dense,
compound panicle 1—3 inches long.  Leaves af the calyx lanceolate,
acute, equal, with the midrib green, the margins white, membranace-
ous.  Stamen* shorter than the  calyx. Style very short, 3 cleft. Stig-
mas glandular, longer  taan the calyx.   Capsule 3 angled,  turgid.
Seeds oolong, oblique, acute at each  end.
  Grows in wet soils ; occupies and almost covers rice fields as soon
as they are thrown out of cultivation.
  Flowers April—May.               Soft rush—Common rush.
   3. SETAG BUS.   RostOCk.
  J. culmo nudo. fililbrmi,
nutante,;  umbella  late-
rali, composita,  paucihV
   Stem  naked, filiform,
nodding;  umbel  lateral,
compound, few flowered; 
$06            HEXANDRIA  MONOGYNIA,
ra; pedunculis multifloris;   peduncles  many flower-
petalis subulatis. Pers. 1.   ed; petals subulate.

p. 383.
   J. filiformis, Walt. p. 124.
   ----------, Mich. 1. p. 191.
  Root creeping, perennial, forming small tufts.  Stem filiform, 2—3
feet high, terete, glabrous, generally leaning  or  bending, as if too
weak to support themselves, scarcely nodding.  Flowers in  a small
lateral panicle, at some distance below the summit of the stem.  Leaves
of the calyx ovate, lanceolate, very acute, the 3 outer leaves longer
than the interior.                ,
  Grows in ditches and  boggy grounds ;  not very rare.  It has been
separated by Rostock from the European  filiformis, with which  by
preceding writers it had been confounded.  It has however been bad-
ly named.
  Flowers June—July.
   ** Culmis foliosis.
   4. Tenuis.
   J. culmo  folioso, sim-
plice,  teretiusculo  ;   fo-
liis canaliculars;  corym-
bo terminali,  dichotomo,
bracteis  breviore;  cap-
sula oblonga,  obtusa, pe-
talis breviore.
   **  Stem leafy.

   Stem leafy, simple, te-
rete ;  leaves channelled;
corymb  terminal,  dicho-
tomous, shorter than the
bracteas; capsule oblong,
obtuse,  shorter than the
petals.
   Pers. 1. p. 385.  Sp. pl. 2. p. 214.
   J. bicornis, Mich 1. p. 191. Pursh, 1. p. 236.

  Root perennial, cespitose, forming small tufts.   Stem about a foot
high, frequently naked. Radical leaves shorter than the stem, cau-
line leaves longer, all linear subulate, concave, very acute.  Stipules
membranaceous, 1—2 lines long, bifid.   Flowers in  the panicle soli-
tary, sessile.  Two lower leaves of the involucrum much longer than
the panicle.  Leaves of the calyx  linear lanceolate,  very acute, the
3 exterior a little longer than the interior.  Stamens 6.
  Grows in wet pastures ; very common ; remarkable for the strength.
of its fibre.
  Flowers April—May.
   5.  DlCHOTOMUS.   E.
   J. caule tereti, plerum-
que nudo; foliis subtere-
   Stem  terete, generally
naked ;  leaves nearly te- 
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.            407
,tibus, latere interiore  ca-   rete, channelled  on the
 naliculatis; panicula dich-   inner side ;  panicle dich-
 otoma; floribus solitariis,   otomous ; flowers  solita-
 sessilibus.   E.               ry, sessile.
    J. bufonius, Walt. p. 124.  Mich. 1. p. 191.

   Root perennial, forming very small tufts.  Stem 1—2 feet high, gla^
 brous, naked ? Leaves filiform, not nodose, shorter than the stem and
 sheathing its base.  Panicle dichotomous, with the branches unequal,
 one flower always in the fork.  Flowers always solitary, axillary, al-
 ternate and  terminal.  One leaf of the involucrum  sometimes longer
 than the  panicle, the other much shorter.   Leaves  of the calyx very
 acute, nearly equal.  Stamens 6.   Capsule oval, nearly  globose^
 when mature as long as the calyx.
   Grows in  wet pastures, and close, stiff soils; very common.
   Flowers April—May.



    6. Bufonius.
    J.  culmo  dichotomo ;        Stem  dichotomous  ;
 foliis angulatis;  floribus   leaves  angled;  flowers
 solitariis,  sessilibus.   Sp.   solitary, sessile.
 pl. 2. p.  214.
    Pursh, 1. p. 238.

   Root fibrous, annual, forming small tufts.   Stem  3—6 inches high,
 terete, leafy, divided  towards  the summit.  Leaves subulate,  acute,
 concave, about as long  as the stem,  with a short sheath  at base.
 Flowers in a terminal panicle, generally solitary, one in each division
 of the stem, at the summit frequently by pairs.  Three exterior leaves
 of the calyx longer than the interior, all very acute, membranaceous,
 with  only the midrib green.  Stamens 6.  Capsule oblong, shorter
 than the calyx.
   This species is easily distinguished from the preceding by its hum-
 ble skte, its  leafy stem, its leaves  which  though somewhat angled,
 are subulate, not terete, and its long membranaceous calyx.  Michaux
 may have seen it, but his description applies so exactly to the J. dich-
 otomus, which is diffused ever every part of the country, that I can-
 not hesitate  in referring his J. bufonius to that species.
   Grows around Charleston.  Rantowles, Stono river.
   Flowers March—May.



    7. BlFLORUS.    E.
   J. culmo  tripedali,  te- I     Stem  3  feet  high, te-
 reti $ foHis linearibus, pla- |  rete ; leaves linear^ flat $ 
408
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
nis: panicula decomposi-
ta,  elongata ;  glomerulis
bifloris.   E.
                              panicle      decompo'wd?
                              long; fascicles 2-flowerT
                              ed.
  Root bulbous or tuberous, perennial.  Stem terete, frequently fur-
rowed on one side, leafy, glabrous.  Leav^t about a font long, some-
what rigid, eiect. acute, sheathing at base.  Stipule short,  membra-
naceous.  Panicle 6  8 inches long; fascicles terminal, and in each
division of the panicle.  Involucrum shorter than the panicle. Leaves
of the calyx lanceolate, green along the midrib, ferruginous on tlie
Sides, the 3 interior shorter than the exterior, and membranous along
the margins.  Stamens 3.  Capsule obovate, truncate, a little shorter
than the calyx.
  Fascicles containing 3 flowers sometimes occur.
  Grows in ditches, around ponds„&c. 10 miles from  Savannah, on
the road to Augusta.  Near Charleston.
  Flowers May—July.
   Root bulbous ; stem e-
rect^ compressed ; leaves
narrow, slightly channel-
led ; panicle compound;
flowers triandrous ; exte,
rior leaves of the calyx
and the  bracteas awned.
   8. Arisiatus?   Mich.
   J. radice bulbosa; cul-
mo  erecto, compresso ;
foliis angustis, subcanali-
culatis  ; panicula compo-
sita  ;  floribus triandris;
foliolis  calycis  exteriori-
bus  bracteisque  aristatis.
Mich,  l  p. i\)2.
   Pursh, 1. p. 237.
 •  J. triglumis, Walt, p 124.
   J. marginatus, Muhl. Cat.
  Stem 2 -3 feet high, a little compressed, terminating at base in a
small solid bulb or tuber.  Leaves flat, nerved, glabrous, with a short
sheath at base   blowers in a terminal panicle; the fascicles 3—5
flowered.  The exterior leaves of the calyx shorter than the exterior.
Capsuk obovate.
  Gro.vs in damp soils.  Common.
  Flowers May--June.
   9. Repens.   Mich.
   J. repens ; culmo gen
iculato, ramoso ; foliis li
       ,----------,  -  .__.  __    ------_, W.V...W..*..£, , .WV..—

neaiibus, plums;  iascicu-  ) linear, flat j  fascicles lat
   Creeping; stem geni
culate. branching ; leaves 
HEXANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.           400
lis lateralibus  terminali-   eral and  terminal; flow.
busque ;  floribus  3-an-   ers triandrous.
dris.   E.
   Mich. 1. p. 191.
   Creeping shooting up at short intervals small tufts.  Stem 6—10
inches high, compressed, glabrous, leafy.   Leaves alternate, opposite
or crowded at  the joints,  acute, glabrous, with a sh«.th at  base,
shorter than the joints.  Stipules ovate, membraneous.  Flowers
sessile, in  fascicles  5—10  flowered.  Leaves of the calyx  subulate,
carinate, very acute, tbe interior nearly twice as long as the exterior,
Stamens 3, longer than the  calyx.  Stigmas shorter than the stamen?.
Capsule oblon.r, obtuse, 3 angled.
   Very different in habit frog tfe rest of this genus.
   Grows in muddy soils; very  common.
   Flowers May—July.
10.  Acuminatum?  Mich.
J. ioliis teretibus,nodoso-
articulatis  ;  panicula de-
composita, capitulis 6—9
floris; calycis foliolis sub-
ul at is,  mucronatis ; brac-
teis aristatis, calycem fere
.sequantibus.   E.
 Leaves terete, with knot-
like joints ;  panicle de-
compound,  heads  (5—9
dowered ; leaves  of the
calyx  subulate,  mucro-
nate ;   bracteas  awned,
nearly as long as the ca*.
lvx.
   Mich. I. p. 192.  Pursh, 1. p. 237.
   J. nodosus r  Walt. p. 124.
  Root perennial, cespitose.  Stem 1—2 feet high, terete, glabrous,
with regular joints like tlie grasses, but the intervals not nodose, ltke
the leaves.   Leaves few, shorter  than the stem, with  a short  open
sheath at base.  Panicle somewhat trichotomous.  Leaves of the calyx
nearly equal, very acute, somewhat rigid, the 3 exterior slightly keel-
ed   Bracteas mcmbianaceous, larger than usual.  Stamens 3.  Cap'-
suk 3 angled, nearly acute, as long as the calyx.
  Grows in damp and wet places.
  Flowers March—May.
  I am not  certain that this is the J. acuminatus of Michaux; it i9
not the J. Sylvaticusof Willdenow.
11.  Polycephalos.   Mich.
 J. foliis gladiatis,nodoso-
articulatis  ; panicula  de-
   Leaves sword shaped,
with   knot-like  joints j 
410           HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA4.
composita; capitulismul-
tifloris ;  capsulis  acutis,
calyce longioribus.   E.
                             panicle    decompound ;
                             heads   many  flowered ;
                             capsules   acute,   longer
                             than  the  calyx.
   Mich. 1. p. 192. var. a. crassifolius.  Pursh, 1. p. 237.
  Perennial, large.  Stem 3—4 feet high, terete, glabrous,  compres-
sed near tha.base.  Leaves compressed, acute,  thick, 6-1-24 inches
long, with a shqg; nodose sheath at base ; heads globose, one sessile
in each division of the panicle.  Bractea mucronate.  Leaves of the
calyx very acute, nearly equal, the exterior broader than the interior.
Stamens 3.
  Michaux has confounded two very distinct plants under his J. poly-
cephalos.   I have retained his namt  to his first variety, though J.
gladiatus would have been more characwristick.
  Grows in ditches and wet places ; Chatham county, Georgia.
  Flowers May—June.

   12. Echinatus ?  Muhl. Cat.
   J. capitulis paucis,glo- j Heads few, globose, large,,
bosis, majusculis, subses- | nearly sessile, many flow-
silibus, multifloris ;  caly-
cis foliolis interioribus mi-
noribus ;  foliis teretibus,
nodoso-artieulatis.   E.
                              ered ;  interior leaves of
                              the calyx smallest; leaves
                              terete,   with   knot-like
                              joints,
  J. polycephalos,Mich. 1. p. 192. var. b. tenuifolius. Pursh, l.p.237.
  Root thick, somewhat tuberous, creeping.  Stem about 2 feet high,
terete, glabrous.  Leaves shorter than the stem, terete, acute, nodose,
with a short sheath at base.  Floivers in a few (3—5) large, terminal
heads.  Leaves of the calyx narrow, subulate, acute, rigid.  Stamens,
$. Capsule 3 angled, acute, as long as the calyx.
  Grows in wet soils, around ponds, back waters, &c. on some of the
hunting islands very common.
  Flowers  May—August.
 *** Capsulis 3-spermis.
   13. Campbstris.
   J. foliis planis, pilosis ;
spicis pedunculatis,  um-
bellatis,  intermedia  ses-
sili ; calycinis  foliolismu-
cronatis, capsula longio-
ribus.   Sp. pl. 2. p. 221.
   Walt. p. 125.  Mich  1  p. 190.
   *** Capsules 3 seeded.


 Leaves flat, hairy; spikes
peduncled, umbelled, the
iutermeduite  one sessile;
leaves of the calyx mu-
cronate, longer  than  the
capsule.
Pursh, I. p. 238-., 
HEXANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.           411
  Perennial.  Stem 12—18 inches high, terete,  leafy.  Leaves  flat^,
acute, shorter than  the stem, hairy  along the margins, very hairy*
at the throat of the short sheath.  Umbel simple.  Spikes many flow.-
ered.  Leaves of the calyx ovate, acuminate, rufous, with a membra-
naceous  margin as long as the capsule.  Capsule 3 angled, truncate,
S valved, 3 seeded.
  Grows near Columbia, S.Carolina; Mr.  Herbemont.  St. Johns;,
Dn Macbride.
  Flowers
             CAULOPHYLLUM.   Mich.

   Calyx inferus, 0-phyl-  |    Calyx inferior, 6  leav-
lus.  Petala 6, calyce op-  j ed.  Petals®,opposite the
posita.   Drupa  stipitata,  | calyx.   Drupe  stipitate^
l-sperma.                  j one  seeded.

   1. Thalictroides.
   Mich. 1. p. 205.  Pursh, 1. p. 218.
   Leontice thalictroides, Sp. pl. 2. p. 149.

  Plant about a foot high, glabrous, 3 parted at the summit of the stem.
Lower leaf, when there are two (for the|3 divisions are considered as
forming but one leaf, the stem resembling a petiole),  generally triter-
nate, divided  into 27 leaflets, the upper  biternate  ; leaflets  ovate,
acute, 2 or 3 lobed, glabrous.  Flowers  in panicles, produced from
the centre of the leaves ; there are frequently two panicles, with the
inner one Very small.   Stamens and styk very short.  Stigma obtuse.
Fruit a drupe, oval, dark blue when  mature, supported by a club
shaped stipes 2 to 3 lines long, of the same colour with the drupe.
  Found in the mountains, in Pendleton district, by Messrs. Baker
& Perry.
  Flowers April.
                DIPHYLLEIA.   Mich.

   Calyx inferus, 3-phyl-     Calyx inferior, 3 .leav-
lus, deciduus.  Corolla 6-  ed,  deciduous.   Corolla
petala.   Bacca   1-locula-  6 petalled.  Berry 1  ceL
ris,  3—8 sperma.           led, 2—3 seeded.
   l. Cymosa.
   Mich. l.p. 203.
  Root thick, perennial.  Stem herbaceous, erect, about a foot  high.
Leaves  always 2 on each each stem, altera;.^. 2 lobed, peltate, lobes 
%1%
HEX^NDRTA MONOGYNIA.
angled, acuminate, serrate; petiole attached to the leaf near an open
sinus at its louer margin. Flowers in a terminal cvine.   ^^
lar-er than the calyx.  Filaments hall as long as the petals. Mm
obfonsr, twins, the cells united by a membrane, and bursting as the
membrane is loosened.  Germ superior.  Style very short. Stigma
capitate.  Seeds  nearly globose.  Mich.       ,.. .  .     ~   ..
  Grows  near   the mountain rivulets, from  Virginia to Carolina.
TV rightsborough, Columbia county, Georgia.
  Flowers May.

             BERBERIS.   Gen. i»l.  5§5.
   Calyx i\  leaved.   Pe-
tals 6, with 2 glands on
eacb claw.   Style 0. Bn-
ry l-celled, 2—4 seeded.
   Branches  thickly  dot-
ted ; spines triple; leaves
simple, obovate,remotely
serrate;  racemes  short,
somewhat    corymbose ,*
drupes scarcely  fleshy.
Walt.
   Calyx 6-phyllus.    Pe-
tala 6. ad ungues glaiu--
lis 2.    Stylus  0.   Bacca
l-locularis, 2—4 sperina.
   1   Canadensis.
    B.   ramis   confertim
p'unctatis; aculeis tripli-
cibus  ;  foliis simplicibus,
obovatis, remote serratis;
racemis  brevibus, subco-
rymbosis; drupis vix car
nosis.   Pursh,  1. p. 2;9
   Berberis  vulgaris, var. Canadensis,  Sp. pl. 1. p. 227.
     120.  Mich.  l.p. 205.
  A  shrub 3—5 feet high, erect, with very many branches ; the young
shoots yellow, the old dotted, all  angular, glabrous.  Leaves  sessile,
obovate, obtuse, mucronate, with spine-like serratures, cuneate at
base, glabrous, by pairs on  young shoots, clustered on the summits
of the last years buds.  Stipules a 3 parted  spine at the base  of each
bud.  Racemes short,  6—8 flowered, shooting  from the summit of
the old buds, at first erect,  afterwards nodding.   Calyx deciduous,
leaves  ovate, acute, coloured.  Petals ovate, longer than the calyx,
yellow,  with 2 purple  nectariferous ? glands.   Filaments half the
length of the petals.  Anthers nearly white, attached to  the sides of
the filaments   Germ superior,  as long as the stamens.   Stigma flat,
wider than the germ, perforate ? in the centre. Berry  oval, red, ex-
tremely acid.
  A plant of colder climates than ours, but  found  along the  margin
of the Santee river as low down as Eutaw Springs.  Dr. Macbride.
   Flowers April.                                   Barberry.
  The irritability of the stamens of the European Barberry,as described
by Sir  J. E. Smith, is equally obvious in ours.  If4' the inner part
of each filament near the bottom"  ue to died, the filament will imme-
diately contract "  and strike us anthers against the stkma.
                                 Vide, Introduction to Botany. 
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA,            418
TRIGYNIA.
               RUMEX.   Gen.  pl.  618.
    Calyx 3-phyllus.   Pe- j    Calyx 3  leaved.   Pe-
 tala. 3, conniventia.   Se- \  tals 3, conniving.  Seed  l,
 men l, triquetrum.       |  8 angled.
    1.  Sanguineus.
    R.  valvulis integerri-     Valves entire, 1 conspi-
 mis, unica conspicue gra-   cuously bearing  a grain ;
 nifera; foliis cordato-lan-   leaves   cordate   lanceo-
 ceolatis. Sp. pl. 2. p. 250.   iate.
    Walt. p. 126.  Pursh, 1. p. 247.
  Perennial.  Root leaves large, entire, sometimes obtuse, variegated
 in a singular manner by  its blood red  veins. Flowers in terminal,
 verticillate panicles   Calyx small, and  with the corolla persistent;
 after  flowering  the petals increase in size and close over the seed ;
 one of the petals marked on the back with a large, globose, red grain,
 the other petals  have smaller ones. Styles very short.  Seed 3 angled.
  Met with occasionally around Charleston.   Rare in the  low coun-
 try.  Said by Linnseus to have been carried to Europe from Virginia*
  Flowers June—July.

    2. PlJLCHER.
    R.  valvulis 'dentatis ; |    Valves  toothed ;  one
 unica conspicue  granite- |  conspicuously   toothed ;
 ra; foliis radicalibus  pan- |  radical   leaves  panduri-
 duriformibus.   Sp pl. 2. \  form.
 254.                       j
  Root leaves oblong, with  a sinus in each  side,  as in the violin.
 Stem leaves without the sinus.
  An exotic, now common in the enclosures in and around Charleston*
  Flowers June—July.

   3. Verticillatus.
  R. vahuii.sint'gv-rrimis, |    Valves entire, air baar-
omnibus graniteris ; foliis j ing  a grain  ;  leaves lan-
lanceolatis ;  vaginis cylin-|  ceolate ;  sheaths cylin-
dricis.   Sp.  pl. 1. p. 250. , drical.
   Walt. p. 226.  Pursh, 1. p. 248. 
414
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
  Perennial.  Leaves long lanceolate, narrow, acute , sheaths mem-
branaceous,  cylindrical, nearly half as long as the joints.  Flowers
verticillate,  in long, nearly simple racemes ;  pedicels  rather thick.
Linn
  Inserted on the authority of Walter.  I have not met with it in our
low country.
  Flowers


   4.  Bbitannicus.
    R.  valvulis  integerri- |       Valves  entire,  each
mis, omnibus  graniferis ; |  bearing  a  grain ;  leaves
foliis  lanceolatis,  planis ; j  lanceolate, flat ;  sheath^
vaginis obsoletis.   Sp.pl. |  obsolete.
2. p. 250.                    j
   Walt. p» 126.  Mich. 1. p. 217.  Pursh, 1. p. 248.

  Perennial.  Stem9.—3 feet high, branching, furrowed,tinged with
red.   Leaves large, alternate, acute, sometimes acuminate, obtuse at
base; petioles 1—2 inches long.  Stipule  a membrane  attached  to
the base of the petiole, withering.  Flowers in  a compound, terminal
panicle ;  sterile and fertile flowers mingled in  the same whorl; ped*
uncles one half  an  inch long, pendulous after  flowering; the fertile
floret at first smaller than the sterile, but the corolla of the former en-
larges as the seed matures.  Filaments very  short.  Anthers erec.t.
Germ 3 angled.  Styles very short, expanding between the petals.
Stigmas feathered, white.  Seeds 3 angled, with the angles very acute.
  Grows in  deep swamps, along the margins of fresh water rivers;
a ery common.
  Flowers April—May.     • *


   5.  Crispus.
  R. valvulis integris, om-        Valves entire,   each
nibus  graniferis  ;   foliis  bearing  a  grain; leaves
lanceolatis,  undulatis,  a-  lanceolate,  undulate, a*
cutis.   Sp. pl.  2.  p. 251.  cute.
  Perennial.  Stem 1—2 feet high, angled.   Radical leaves long, nar-
row, lanceolate,  acuto, very much wavetl, and  curled along the mar-
gin with a long, attenuated base.  Panicle terminal, Sparingly  branch-
ed, leafy ; leaves similar to those of the  root but smaller.  Flowers
in whorls on pedicels, 3—4 lines long.
  Originally from Europe, now entirely naturalized s very common
around buildings ;  prefers a close, damp soil.
  Flowers May—June. 
HEXANDRIA TRIOYNIA.            415
     6.  Persicarioides.
      R.  valvulis  dentatis, [    Valves  toothed,  each
  omnibus graniferis ;  foliis   bearing  a  grain ;  leaves
  lanceolatis,  undulatis, in-   lanceolate, undulate, en-
  tegris.    Pursh, 1. p. 248.   tire.
     Sp. pl. 2. 252.  Walt  p. 127.
    Plant 6—12 inches high, much branched.  Leaves lanceolate, peti-
.. .elate, smooth, waved, entire.  Valves of the flower with 3 long teeth
  on each side, each bearing a large, pale coloured grain.  Linn.
    Grows in shady, wet woods, and along the banks of ditches, from
  Virginia to Carolina.  Pursh.
    Flowers July.

     ^.  DlVARICATUS ?
    R. valvulis dentatis, gra-      Valves  toothed,  each
  niferis;  foliis cordato-ob-   bearing  a  grain ;  leaves
  longis, obtusis, pubescen-   cordate   oblong,  obtuse,
  tibus.  Sp. pl. 2. p. 253.     pubescent.
    Plant perennial*  Stem 1—2 fee* high.   Leaves cordate, oblong,
  somewhat acute, finely waved along the margins, pubescent, particu-
  larly along the veins. Flowers in a long, slender, leafy spike ?  whorls
  nearly sessile, distant.  Valves of  the corolla  reticulate, with 4—5
  teeth near the base; grains of unequal size, one large.
    Found by Dr. Baldwin in the marshes of  Savannah river, opposite
  the city of Savannah.
    Flowers  June—August.

     8.  ACETOSELLA.
       R.  floribus dioicis;!   Flowers dioicous; leaves
  foliis  lanceolato-hastatis. [  lanceolate hastate.
  Sp. pl.  2. p. gfio.          |
     Walt. p. 127?  Mich. 1. p. 216.  Pursh, 1. p. 249.

    Root somewhat fusiform, perennial.  Stem herbaceous, 1—2  feet high,
  slightly furrowed.  Leaves  entire,  somewhat  succulent,  glabrous,
  sometimes  ovate  or lanceolate, without auricles, on  petioles 1—3
  inches long, dilated at base.  Flowers in paniculated  racemes, with
  fascicles 8—10 flowered,near together; in the sterile flower  the calyx
  and corolla are lanceolate, nearly equal; the stamens 6, very short;
  and only the rudiments of a germ.  In the fertile flower, the calyx
  is  linear, the coroUa larger, lanceolate,  strongly veined, purple,
  the styles very short, the stigmas glandular, purple;  the seed 3 an*»
  gled, covered by the reticulate  corolla.
    Grows in light, sandy, poor soils-;  very common.
    Flowers April—June. 
416
HEXANDRIA  TRIGYNIA.
9. Hastatulus.   Baldwin.
Valves round, cordate, en-
tire,  graniferous ;  leaves
petiolate, oblong hastate,
the  auricles entire,  ob-
tuse ;  flowers dioicous.
    R. valvulis rotundato-
cordatis,  integris,  gpani-
feris; foliis petiolatis, ob-
longo-hastatis,   auriculis
integris, obtusis; floribus
dioicis.   Bald.
  RQot perennial- Stem 1—3 feet high.  In its mode  of flowering,'
and its general habit it approaches the R acetosella.  The valves en-
closing the seed become  red by age, and give the old pastures, which
this plant often entirely engrosses, a most splendid appearance.  B.
  Grows  in arid cultivated land in the south of Georgia and East-
Florida.
  Flowers April.
NECTRIS.   Gen. pl.  610.
   Calyx 6-phyllus.   Co-
Polla 0.   Capsula? 3, uni-
locular es,  oligospermse,
non dehiscentes*
   1. Aqtjatica.
   N.  foliis demersis, op-
positis,    multipartito-li-
nearibus, fluitantibus  al-
ternis, ellipticis, peltatis;
floribus  racemosis.    E.
   Calyx  6-leaved.   Co-
rolla 0.   Capsules 3, one
celled, few  seeded,  not
opening.
   Submersed leaves, op-
posite,  many  parted,  li-
near, the floating  leaves
alternate, elliptic, peltate;
flowers in racemes.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 249.
   Nectris peitata, Pursh, 1. p. 239.
   Cabomba aubletii, Mich.  1. p 206.
  Perennial   Stem terete, about a line in diameter, purple, branch-
ing, very long   Lower leaves opposite, near the middle generally 5
parted, towards the summits dichotomous ; segments unequal, linear,
obtuse ; upper leaves narrow, oval or elliptic, obtuse, glabrous, float-
ing and supporting the flowering part of the branches near the sur-
face of the water.  Flowers axillary, solitary, near the j-uinmit of the
branches, forming a terminal raceme; peduncles 1—2 inches long,
pubescent ?   Calyx persistent,  3 exterior leaves obovate, 3 interior
oval, longer  than the exterior, all white, emarginate, on short claws,
with two yellow glands near the base   Filaments not half as long as
the calyx.   Jinthers erect, wnite.   Germs 3, distinct,  superior, pu? 
HLWNDRIA
TRIGYNIA.
417
nescent.  Styles tapering, as long as the stamens.   Stigma capitate,
glandular.  Capsules oblong ovate, I celled, pubescent, 1—3 seeded.
Seeds oblong, somewhat rough, slightly winged, attached by the sum-
mit to the point of the capsule.  I have seen 4 germs but never 2.
  Groas in ditches and stagnant waters; at Ogeechee very common.
  Flowers May.
TRIGLOCHIN.   Gen. pl. 616.
   Calyx 6 leaved. Corol-
la  o.   Style 0.   Capsule
opening at base.

  Leaves terete, linear, as
long as the  scape ;  flow-
ers with 3—4 stamens.-
   Calyx G-phyllus.   Co-
rolla o.  Stylus o.   Cap-
sula basi dehiscens.
   l. Tuiandrum.   Mich.
   T.  foliis  tereti-lineari-
bus, scapum subaequanti-
bus ; floribus 3—4-andris.
E.
   Mich. 1. p. 208. Pursh, 1. p. 247.
  Leaves erect, smooth, acute, about 6 inches long, sheathing the base
of the scape.  Scnpe terete.   Flowers numerous, on very short ped-
uncles,  generally in small clusters.  Caly.r most frequently 4 leav-
ed, leaves small, lanceolate,  membranous, deciduous.  Filaments 0.
Anthers  sessile, 2  celled, sometimes only 1 or 2.  Germs frequently
4, cohering.  Style 0.  Stigma glandular, 'many cleft.  Capsules
3—4, gibbous at base, united by succulent, spongy, hollow membranes
resembling false cells.   Seed one in each cell, oblong.
  This  species appears to be very Variable in the number of its an-
thers  and germs.
  Grows on sands overflowed by salt water.
  Flowers July—August.
MELANTHIUM.   Gen. pl.  6is.
   Calyx o.  Corolla 6-pe-
talla, patens.   FUamenta
ex unguibus elongatis bi-
glandulosis corolla?.  Cap-
sula?  3, inflatse, basi con-
natse.   Semina plura, sub-
plana, alata.

                      x 6
   Calyx 0.  Corolla 6 pe-
talled, expanding.  Fila-
ments  arising from  the
long biglandular claws  of
the petals.    Capsules  3,
inflated,  connate at base.
Seeds numerous, general.
ly flat,  winged. 
418
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA,
  Panicle pyramidal ; pe-
tals  oval, somewhat has-
tate,  flat;   flowers  gen-
erally fertile.
   1. VlRGINICUM.
   M. panicula pyramida-
la;  petalis ovalibus, sub-
hastatis.  planis;  floribus
plerumque   fertilibus.—
Pursh,  l. p. 240.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 266.  Mich. 1. p. 251.
  Stem 2—3 feet high, terete, clothed with a dense and short pubes-
cence, leafy.  Leaves long, linear lanceolate, flat, embracing the stem,
but not sheathing.  Flowers  in a terminal panicle, crowded on the
branches, polygamous, dioicous.  Petals greenish white, becoming
brown with age, bearing 2 glands near the base.  Germs 3, superior.!
Styles 3, somewhat divaricate, persistent.
  Grows in Carolina; very rare in the low country.
  Flowers June—July.
   2.  Monoicum.   Walt.
    M. panicula  inferne
mascula,  superne  femi-
nea,  racemosa ;   petalis
oblongis, planis, brevi-un-
guiculatis; stylis genuine
duplo brevioribus.' Pursh,
l.p. 241.
   Walt. p. 125.            •
  Flowers smaller than in the preceding species.  Pursh.,
  Grows in the mountains of Virginia and Carolina. •
  Flowers July.
   Panicle with the lower
flowers sterile, the upper
fertile, and  in racemes;
petals  oblong, flat,  with
short claws ;   styles hal£
the length of the germ,,
   3. Hybridem,   Walt.
  M. panicula pubescente,
racemosa; petalis orbicu-
laris, plicatis,  longe  un-
gukuJatis;  glandulis co-
alitis.  E.
   Panicle  pubescent, ra*
cemose; petals orbicular,
plaited, with long claws;
glands united.
   Walt. p. 125.   Pursh, l.p. 241.
   Melanthium racemosum, Mich. 2. p. 251.

'  Stem 2 feet high, terete, slightly striate, leafy.   Leaves long,
linear, nearly  glabrous, embracing the stem,  the  midrib rather
distinct.  Panicle long, composed of simple racemes.  Flowers some- 
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.            4fD
what distant, on peduncles twice the length of the petals ; sterile
and fertile flowers intermingled in each panicle.  Petals persistent,
orbicular, plaited, the  margins waved or repand ; glands forming an
emarginate circle, at the summit of the claw, with a furrow along the
centre.   Stamens as long as the petals.  Styles expanding.
  Sent  from  Louisville, Georgia, by Mr. Jackson.  Augusta; Dr?
Wray.   Found also in the mountains of Carolina, by Dr. Macbride,
  Ftowers J#ky—July.

                     VERATRUM.
    Corolla 6-partita, pa
tens ;  laciniis sessilibus,
eglandulosis.     Stamina
receptaculo inserta.  Cap-
sula?  3, polyspermy.
   Corolla  6 parted, ex-
panding ;  the  segments
sessile,  without  glands.
Stamens inserted on the
1 eceptaeles.   Capsules 3,
many seeded.
   l.  VlRIUE.
   V. foliis  lato-ovalibus
plicatis ; racemis panicu
latis ; corollse laciniis  ob
longo, ovalibus,  acutis—
Mich. 2. p. 249.
   Sp. pl. 4. p. 896.  Pursh, 1. p. 242.
  Plant pubescent, 3—6 feet high.  Root leaves large.
greenish yellow.
  Grows along the mountain streams from Canada to Carolina^
  Flowers July.
    Leaves  broad, oval,
plaited;   racemes  pani-
cled ;  segments  of the
corolla  oblong,  oval,  a.-
cute.
Flowers
2. Parviflorum.  Mich.
   V.  foliis ovali-lanceo-
latis, planis, glabris ; pan-
iculis  gracilibus, patenti-
bus ; petalis  utrinque  a-
cutis, staminiferis.
  Leaves oval, lanceolate,
flat,  glabrous ;   panicle
slender,  expanding; pe-
tals acute at  each end,
bearing die stamens.
   Mich. 2. p. 250.  Pursh, 1. p. 242.
  Michaux, to whom we are indebted for our knowledge of this plant,
remarks, that the  branches of the panicle are filiform; t\\e flowers
green, on short footstalks ; the corolla without glands ; that in its
foliation and habit it resembles the Veratrum, but is allied to the Melon*
thium by its staminiferous petals.
  Grows among the highest mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers July. 
420
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
   3. Angustifoliiw.  Pursh.
  V floribus dioicis; pan-  |   Flowers dioicous; pan-
icula simplici;  petalis li-  | iclesimple; petals linear;
nearibus ;  foliis longissi-  j leaves very long, linear,
mis, linearibus, carinatis.  | keeled.

Pursh,"**t. p. 242.           j
  Flowers greenish  yellow.  Pursh.
  Grows among the mountains of Virginia and Carolina.
  Flowers June.



                ZIGADENUS.   Mich.

     CoroUa  hexapetala,      Corolla  6 petalled, ex-
patens ; laciniis supra  ba-   panding ;  with 2 glands
sin angustatam  biglandu-   above the narrowed base
losis.   Capsula membra-   of  the segments.   Cap-
nacea, 3 locularis.   Semi-  \ sule  membranaceous,  3
na plurima, aptera.        | celled. Seeds many, witli-
                            | out wings.

   4.  Glaberrimus.
  Z. scapo  folioso ; brae-  |    Scape leafy ; bracteas
teisovatis,acuminatis;pe-  | ovate, acuminate;  petals
talis acuminatis.   Pursh,  j acuminate.
1. p. 241.                  |
  Mich. 1. p.  214.
  Melanthium virginicum ?  Walt. p. 125.

  Root tuberous, perennial.   Stem herbaceous, erect, terete, 3—4 feet
high.  Leaves  sessile, linear lanceolate, acute, glabrous,  slightly
channelled, 8—14 inches long, 5—6 lines wide.  Flowers in a termi-
nal panicle.   Calyx 0.  Petals equal, persistent.  Filaments 6, as
long as the corolla,  dilated at base, and inserted into the  petals at
their junction  with the germ. Germ superior, 3 angled.  Styles 3,
shorter  than the stamens, nearly united at base.  Stigmas simple,
obtuse.   Capsule 3 sided, with the angles obtuse, furrowed, 3 celled,
3 valved, pointed with the persistent styles.  Seeds many (4-8) in
each cell, angled, oblong, slightly  furrowed, the angles slightly wing-
ed and extending a membranous summit beyond the apex of the • ed.
  Grows along tlie margins of swamps, ponds, &c.
  Flowers July—September. 
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA,
421
HELONIAS.   Gen. pl.  622.
     Leaves  line*,* very
long ;  scape leafy ; cap-
sule  shortened,  divari-
cate :  seeds  ovate.
*Leaves long, li-
    Calyx 0.  Corolla 6-pe- |     Calyx 0.  Corolla 6 pe-
 tala ; petalis planis, sessi- | tailed; petals flat, sessile.
 libus.   Capsula 3-locula- |  Capsule  2  celled,  few
 lis, oligosperma.           | seeded.
    1.  ERYTnROSPERMA.
    H ? foliis lineari-longis-
 simis ;    scapo  folioso  ;
 capsula abbreviata, diva-
 ricata ; seminibus ovatis.
 Pers. l.p. 391).
    Mich. 1. p. 212.  Pursh, 1. p. 242.
    Melanthium lsetuni, Sp. pl. 2. p. 267.
    Melanthium muscsetoxicum, Walt. p. 125.

  Root bulbous.   Stem 2 feet high* leafy, glabrous.
 near, 5—6 lines wide, obtuse, glabrous, nerved, slightly channelled,
 generally growing froih the root, but some also from the stem, dimin-
 ishing in size near the  summit.  Flowers in  a  terminal simple
 raceme.  Peduncles longer than the flowers.   Petals ovate, ses-
 sile, persistent   Stamens rather longer than  the. petals.  Anthers
 white.  Germs 3, superior, with the  summits  divaricate.  Stigmas
 simple.  Capsules 3, united at base.   Seed  ovate,  covered  with  a
 fleshy integument which becomes of a bright red colour when ripe.
  The structure of the capsule in this species approaches to that of
 Veratrum, but its seed and habit  indicate another genus.
  Grows in shady, rich soils.
  Flowers April—May.        Red-seeded Helonias.  Fly poispn.

  This plant is  a  narcotic poison, and is employed in some families
 for  destroying the house-fly.  The  bulbs are triturated and mixed
with molasses or honey, and the preparation is spread upon plates
and placed in parts of the house  most  infested.   The flies are soon
attracted, and the poison takes effect while they are sipping it.  They
are  perceived to stand unsteadily, totter, and fall supine.  The flies,
unless swept into a fire or otherwise destroyed, revive in the course
twenty-four hours.
2. Angustifolia.   Mich.
   H.  foliis  lineari-subu-
latis ; scapo folioso ; cap-
 Leaves linear, subulate;
scape lenfy; capsule  ob->
_ 
422
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.

            long,  with  the  summit
            appressed; seeds linear;
sula oblonga, apicibus ap-
pressis ;  seminibus  li-
nearibus,   E. "
   Mich. 1. p. 212.  Pursh, 1. p. 242.
  Root fibrous, perennial.  Stem  about 2 feet high, terete, glabrous.
Leaves very long, linear, acute, much narrower than in the preceding
species; upper leaves minute.  Flowers in  a terminal, simple  ra-
ceme ; peduncles longer than the  flowers-   Petals  persistent.  Sta*
mens longer than the petals.  Capsules 3, twice as long as the petals,
3 angled|»ute, cohering to the very summit.  (Seeds linear.  Mich.)
  Grows in damp soils, generally in pine barrens.
  Flowers May—June.
   3. Asphodeloides.
   H. scapo folioso ;  ra-
cemo oblongo, conferto ;
bracteis  setaceis;   fila-
mentis  basi latioribus, co-
rollam   sequantibus ;  fo-
liis  subulato-setaceis.-—
Pursh,  1. p. 243.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 275.
  Root bulbous ? Flowers white, small.  Pursh.
  Grows  on the sandy plains of New-Jersey and Carolina.
  Flowers May—June.
   Scape  leafy;  raceme
oblong, crowded;  brac-
teas setaceous; filaments
wide at base, as long as
the corolla;  leaves subu-
late, setaceous.
Pursh.
   4.  Dubia.   Mich.
    H ?   foliis   angustis-
sime  longissimeque  gra-
mineis; scapo nudo ; spi-
ca  gracili;  floribus  par-
vis, sessilibus.   Mich. l.
p. 213.
   Pursh, 1. p. 244.
  Stem 2—2| feet high.  Fruit unknown.   Mich'.
  Grows in sandy soils, in Georgia and Florida.
  flowers
   Leaves grass-like, very
long and narrow ;  scape
naked ;   spike  slender ;
flowers small, sessile. 
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA*            423
5. Graminea.   Hort.  Kew.
Scape leafy, panicled; ra-
cemes divaricate; leaves
linear, channelled, glau-
cous underneath.
   H ? scapo folioso, pan-
iculato ;  racemis  divari-
catis ;    foliis  linearibus,
canaliculars, subtus glau-
cis.
   Bot. Mag. No 1599.  Pursh, 2. p. 733.
  Root a small bulb.  Scape about 2 feet high, with small, and fre-
quently  recurved  branches.   Petals oblong, acuminate.  Stamens:
much shorter than the petals.
  Found on the mountains of Georgia, by Mr* Lyon.  Saluda moun-
tains, Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers July—August.
 Leaves lanceolate, some-
what  succulent,  without
nerves, the radical'leaves
spathulate ; racemes sim-
ple, crowded, dioicous.
    6.  Dioica.
    H ?  foliis  lanceolatis,
 subcarnosis,    enervihus,
 radicalibus   spathulfttis ;
 racemis  simplicibus, con-
 fertis, dioicis.   E.
    Melanthium dioicum* Walt. p. 126.
    Veratrum luteum,  Sp. pl. 4. p. 897.
    Helonias lutea,  Hort. Kew. 2. p. 330.
   Root tuberous ? pncmorse, perennial.   Stem herbaceous, 1—2 feet
 high, slightly angled, glabrous.  Radical leaves 3—4 inches  long, the
 stem leaves  narrower, becoming*almost linear, all entire, very gla-
 brous ; pedicels shorter than the  flower's.   Petals linear, 'obtuse,
 white.  In the sterile floivers the filaments are longer than the corolla;
 anthers 2 lobed, affixed to the sides of the filaments, no rudiment of a
 germ.  In the fertile flowers the filaments are short, imperfect; germ
 deeply 3 furrowed ;  style 0 ; stigmas 3, reflected; capsules ov&te, ap-
 pressed to the receptacle,  3 furrowed, 3 celled; seeds many in each
 cell, angled, acute.
   The Linnsean specific name is inapplicable, as the flowers  are per-
 fectly white ; when  dried they become yellow.
   Professor Ives, of New-Haven, has frequently used f!he root of this
 plant, which is very bitter, as a tonic, and much commends its efficacy
 in checking nausea and vomiting.  He exhibits it in the form  of in-
 fusion.
   Grows in damp, poor soils; very common.
   Flowers May.                     DeviPs bit—Blazing-star.
   The Helonias and its kindred genera, (Melanthium, Veratrum and
 £igadenus), appear  to me yet to require a careful examination. In-
stead of forming but one genus, as has lately been suggested  by some
European botanists, the Helonias, as now described, seems to contain
 the rudiments of three distinct genera.   1 have had no opportunity 
424
HEXANDRIA  TRIGYNIA.
lately of examining these plants in a living state, and comparinc; their
fruit with the accuracy that would be necessary for a new distribu-
tion : I have therefore followed the latest arrangement that has been
made of them, and merely offer this hint for the consideration of those
who may have better opportunities of making correct researches.
TOF1ELDIA.   Hudson.
   Calyx 3-iidus.  CoroUa
6-petala.   Capsula? 3, ba-
si junctse,  polyspermy.

   1. Pubens.   Mich.
   T. caule scabro; flori-
bus  racemosis,  gemmis
trifloris.   E.
   Calyx 3 cleft.   Corolla
6  petalled.   Capsules  3,
united at base, manv seed-
ed.

  Stem scabrous; flowers
in racemes,  buds  3 flow-
ered.
   T. pubescens,  Pursh, 1. p. 246.
   Narthecium pubens, Mich. 1. p. 209.
   Melanthium racemosum, Walt. p. 126.

  Root perennial,  somewhat tuberous.   Stem I—2 feet high, simple,
naked near the summit, with the peduncle* covered and roughened
with a glandular pubescence.   Leaves ensiform, narrow, very acute,
sometimes acuminate glabrous ; the upper one very small, the lower
6—8 inches long,  3—4 lines wide.  Peduncles as long as the flower.
Calyx very small, 3 toothed, scabrous.  CoroUa 1  petalled? divided
to the base;  segments lanceolate* and obovate, alternately larger,
glabrous, green, purplish At the point.  Stamens as long as the corol-
la, attached to its  base.   Germ superior, somewhat 3 angled, furrow-
ed.   Styles short,  expanding.   Stigmas capitate*  Capsule 3 angled,
with the angles rounded, 3 valved, 3 celled.  Seeds 2 in each cell,
oval, oblong.
  In this species the capsules are not distinct.
  Grows in wet  pine barrens.  Very common around the ponds and
savannahs in the middle country.
  Flowers July—September.

   2. Glaberrima.   Macbride.
  T. glaberrima;  floribus
racemosis;  gemmis ap-
proximator,  fere verticil-
latis, unifloris.   E.
  Very glabrous;  flowers
in  racemes ;  buds  ap-
proximate, nearly  verti-
cillate, 1 flowered.
  Root thick, somewhat tuberous, perennial.  Stem terete, 2—3 feet
fcigh, leafy near the base.  Leaves linear, gladiate, very acute,.sheath- 
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.            425
ingHie stem at their base.  Flowers much more crowded than in the
T. i£bens, peduncles shorter, and the buds, which are one flowered,
are generally collected 4 or 5 together at short intervals, surrounding
the stem, though not regularly verticillate.  Calyx small, 3 toothed.
Petals oblong, oval, white.  Stamens rather longer than the corolla.
Filaments diluted.  Germ 3 angled.  Styles short, expanding.  Stiff*
mas obtuse.  Capsules a little divaricate at the summiti
  The seeds I have not been able to distinguish.
  Found by Dr.. Macbride, near the rivulets of the sand hills  neal:
Columbia. South-Carolina.
  Flowers October.
NOLINA.  Mich.
   Corolla  0-partita,  pa-
tens.    Styli  breussimi.
Capsula 3-gona, membra-
nacca,  3-locularis.   Se-
mina solitaria, nine con-
vexo-incurva.
   Corolla  6  parted,  ex-
panding.     Styles  very
short.   Capsule 3 angled,
membranaceous,  3 cell-
ed.   Seed solitary, con-
vex on  one side.
   l.  Georgiana.
   Mich. 1. p. 208.  Pursh, 1. p. 240.

  Bulb very large, tunicated.  Leaves long linear, coriaceous, dry,
scabrous along the edges.  Scape 2—3 feet high, furnished near the
base  with  small subulate scales.  Flowers in a spreading racemose
panicle, small, white.   Stamens shorter than the corolla.  Stigmas
recurved, obtuse.  Seed with a hollow on the interior angle, common-
ly only one coining to maturity in each capsule.  Mich.
  1 use the description of Michaux for this pla.it.  I  have seen  the
root and leaves but not the flower nor seed.
  Grows on the driest sand hills, between Orangeburgh and Columbia,
South-Carolina.
  Flow ers April ?

                      MEDEOLA.
   Calyx 0.   Corolla 6-
partita, revoluta.   Bacca
3-sperma.
   1. Virginica.
   M. foliis in medio caule
verticillatis,    summitate
ternis.  lanceolatis, acumi-
                      F 8
    Calyx  0.   Corolla  fr
parted,  revolute.   Berry
3 seeded.

   Leaves  verticillate a-
round the  middle of the
stem, by  threes  at  the 
42fj             HEXANDRIA  TRIGYNIA.
natis, intesrerrimis; pedi-
ctllis  a^regatis,   termi-
nalibus.  Pursh, 1. p. 24,4,.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 270.  Walt. p. 126.
summit, lanceolate,  a*u«.
minate,  entire ;  pediiels,
clustered, terminal.
Mich l.p. 214.
  Perennial.  Stem herbaceous, 12—15 inches high, terete, furnished
at each joint near the base with small sheaths, (clothed with a decid-
uous wool.   Mich.)  Leaves forming a 6—8 leaved, whorl above the
middle of the stem, and a 3 leaved whorl at the summit; all lanceo-
late, acuminate, entire, 3 nerved, membranous.  Flowers few ter-
minal, shooting from the centre of the upper whorl.  Corolla pale
yellow.  Stamens longer than the corolla.  Styles  expanding, longer
than the stamens.
  Grows in ric!«, shaded and moist soils, generally under beach trees.
  Flowers May—July.                      Virginian Medeola.
                                         Indian cucumber.
TRILLIUM.
                                 Calyx 31 eave d.  Corolla
                                3 petalled.   Berry 3 cel-
                                led.


                                  Flower sessile,  erect;
                                petals  lanceolate,  erect,
                                twice  as  long as  the  ca-
                                lyx ;  leaves sessile, wide,
                                oval, acute.


                                 Mich. 1.  p. 215.
  Root thick, solid, with rings on the circumference, which, perhaps,
indicate each years growth.  Stem herbaceous, 6—12  inches high,
glabrous, spotted,  with small decaying sheaths  at base.   Leaves
3 at the summit of the stem, ovate, or  oval,  acute, 5  nerved, the
2 exterior obsolete,  curiously  spotted.   Flowers sessile on the
summit  of the  stem.  Calyx  3  leaved, leaves oblong, ovate, erect,
glabrous, green.  Petals spathulate, lanceolate, erect or connivent,
twice as long as the calyx, dark purple.  Filaments flat,  rigid, not
half as  long as  the calyx, dark purple.  Anthers  linear, attached to
the sides of the filaments, pale purple.   Germ superior, ovate, 3 an-
gled.   Styles shoit, expanding.  Stigma  obtuse.  Berry glabrous,
depressed, dark purple.
  Grows in  rich, high lands.  The only species found near the sea
coast.                             i
  Flowers March—April,
  ' Calyx 3-phyllus.   Co-
rolla 3-petala.   Bacca 3-
locularis.
   1. Sessile.
   T. flore sessili, erecto;
petalis lanceolatis, erec tis,
calyce duplo longioribus;
foliis sessilibus, lato-oval-
ibus, acutis.  Pursh,  1. p.

   Sp. pl. 2. p. 272.   Walt, p  126.
\ 
HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
4*2?
   2.  Pusillum.  Mich.
   T. foliis ovali-oblongis,
obtusis, sessilibus ;   pe-
dunculo  erecto ; petalis
calyce  vix longioribus.
   Leaves oval,  oblong,
obtuse, sessile; peduncle
erect ;   petals   scarcely
longer than the calyx.
 Mich. 1 p. 215.                •
 T. pumilum, Pursh, 1. p. 245.

Plant humble.  Leaves senile.  Petals of a pale flesh colour. Mich.
Grows in the pine barrens of the low oountry of Carolina.
Flowers
   3. Erectew.
   T. pedunculo inclinato,
flore nutante ;  petalis o-
vatis,  acuminatis,  planis,
patentibus, calyce labori-
ous  ;   foliis  lato-rhom-
boideis, acuminatis, sessi-
libus.    Pursh, l. p. 345.
     Peduncle   inclining,
flower nodding ;  petals
ovate,  acuminate,   flat,
expanding,   wider  than
the calyx;  leaves wide,
rhomboidal,   acuminate,
sessile.
 Sp. pl. 2 p. 271
 T. rhomboideum, var. a, b. Mich. 1. p. 215.
Peduncles 2—3 ini hes long, nearly erect.
Var. a. antropurpureum; with flowers large ; petals dark purple.
    b. album; witu flowers about half the size of the preceding;
        petals white, obtuse, acuminate.  Mich.  Berries dark
        purple.
Grows in boggy soils, on the monntains.
Flowers May.

 4. Grandiflorum.   Salisbury.
  Peduncle erect;  petals
longer than the  calyx,
connivent at base.
   T.  pedunculo erecto;
petalis calyce longioribus,
basi conniventibus.  Hort.
Kew.  2. p. 329.
   Pursh, 1. p. 246.
   T. rhomboideum, var. b. ? grandiflorum, Mich. 1. p. 216.
  Flower slightly nodding.  Petals much larger than the calyx, white.
Berries dark purple.  Leaves rhomboidal, acute.
  Grows in rocky, rich, damp soils, in the mountains.
  Flowers May. 
428            HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
   5.  Erythrocarpum.
  T. pedunculo reclinato;
petalis   ovali-lanceolatis,
acutis, recurvatis, calyce
subduplo-longioribus; fo-
liis ovatis, acuminatis,«ba-
si rotundatis, abrupte at-
tenuatis.
Mich.
  Peduncle declining;  pe-
  tals oval lanceolate, acute,
  recurved, twice as  long
  as  the  calyx ;  leaves o-
  vate, acuminate, rounded
  at  base, abruptly attenu-
  ate.
   Mich. 1. p. 216.
   T.pictum, Pursh, 1. p. 244.
  Leaves very wide for their length, when large almost cordate, as
noticed by Michaux. Peduncle nearly an inch long.   Corolla white,
with purple veins at base.
  Grows in bogs,  on high mountains ; Pursh.  Pendleton county,
South-Carolina; Messrs. Baker & Perry.

   6.  Pendulum.   Willd. Hort. Berol.
   T. pedunculo brevi, re-       Peduncle   short,  re-
curvato,  flore  pendulo;
petalis ovatis, acuminatis,
patentibus,  calycem  se-
quantibus;  foliis  subro-
tundo-rhomboideis,  acu-
minatis, subsessilibus.

   Pursh, 1. p. 246.
  Leaves nearly round,  with an abrupt, slender and rather long acu-
fnination.  {Peduncle inclined, Pursh.)  In my specimens the pedun-
cle is more recurved and shorter than in the T. cernuum.  Flowers
Small. Leaves of  the  calyx ovate, acuminate.  (Petals of a dirty
white, with netted veins.  Pursh.)
  Grows in the mountains, from Pennsylvania to Carolina.
  Flowers April—May.
curved,   flower   pendu-
lous ;  petals  ovate, acu-
minate, expanding, about
as  large  as  the  calyx;
leaves   nearly   round,
rhomboidal,   acuminate,
somewhat  sessile.
  7.  Cernuum.
  T. pedunculo recurva-
to;   petalis  lanceolatis,
acuminatis, planis, reflex-
is, calycem sequantibus;
foliis dilatato-rhomboide-
    Peduncle  recurved ;
petals lanceolate,  acumi-
nate,  flat,  reflected,  as
long as the calyx ; leaves
dilated,  rhomboidal, ab- 
HEXANDRIA  TRIGYNIA,             429
ruptly acuminate} on short
petioles.
is,   abrupte  acuminatis,
brevissime petiolatis.
Pursh,  1. p. 2*5.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 271.

  The largest species yet known in this  genus.  Pursh  says the
leaves are sometimes 9 inches wide; peduncles 2—3 inches  long,
perhaps longer in large plants.  Petals white.  I have specimens from
the mountains of Carolina in >vhich the peduncles are scarcely an inch
long, and the petals rather larger than the leaves of the calyx**
  Grows in shaded, rich, rocky soils.
  Flowers April—May.
    Peduncle   recurved ;
petals  lanceolate,  larger
than the  calyx;  leaves
obovate  and  oval, acumi-
nate, tapering at base
   8. Catesbjei.   E.
   T. pedunculo recurva-
to ; petalis lanceolatis, ca-
lyce  majoribus ; foliis o-
bovatis  ovalibusque, acu-
minatis,   basi attenuatis.
E.                          |
   Catesby, Carol. 1. p. 45. t. 45.
   T. cernuum, Mich. 1. p. 216?
  Leaves 4—6 inches long, rather obovate, 3 inches  wide, tapering
to the base and not abruptly acuminate at the summit.  Petals lance-
olate, expanding, undulate ? rose coloured.  Leaves of the calyx long,
narrow.
  It is remarkable with what facility we sometimes drop the species
of our predecessors  as inaccurate, when they have not recently
occurred to our observation.  Pursh says, under the T. cernuum,
on the authority of Sir James E.  Smith, that the figure of Catesby is
so inaccurate  it cannot be quoted without creating confusion , yet
I have before me specimens agreeing minutely with the figure of Cates
by, and collected in  Pendleton at the head waters of the Saluda and
Savannah rivers,  precisely where Catesby informs us his plant was
found.  This is probably the original T. cernuum of Linnseus, but that
name has been transferred to another plant.
  Pendleton county, South-Carolina; Mesrs. Baker & Perry.
  Flowers April—May.
   9. Nervosum.   E.
   T. pedunculo  recurva-
to ;   petalis oblongo-lan-
ceolatis,  calyce   majori-
bus; foliis lanceolatis  o-
    Peduncle  recurved ;
petals oblong  lanceolate,
larger  than  the  calyx;
leaves lanceolate  and  o- 
430             HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
vate,  acute  at  each  end,
membranaceous, nerved.
 vatisque, utrinque acutis,

 membranaceis,  nervosis.

 E.
   Plant 6—8 inches high.  Leaves generally narrower than those of
 the T. sessile, most commonly lanceolate, membranaceous, somewhat 3
 nerved.  Peduncles about an inch long.   Petals rose coloured.
   Grows in the upper and  middle countrv of Georgia and Carolina.
 Athens; Mr. Green.  The T. cernuum of Walter probably belongs to
 this species
   Flowers April—May.

  This genus is a very iuteresting one.  Under great simplicity and conformity
 of habit, 3 leaves at the summit of a stem, supporting one solitary terminal
 flower, it contains and conceals many  species.  To those  inserted  above, I will
 add two species still in my herbarium, although I do not know that tliey are na-
 tives of the Southern States. I am indebled for them to Mr. Kin of Philadelphia)
 by whom they were collected in the mountains of Pennsylvania
  T. undulatum.  Foliis ovatis, acuminatis;  flore pedunculato erecto; petalis
 oblongis, undulatis, patentibus. Kin
  Leaves sessile,  ovate ; peduncle  short, erect; petals much larger than  the
 calyx
  This is probably the T. undulatum of  Willdenow. (Hort. Berol.) Pursh,  un«
 der his T. pictum, refers to Willd.   But to the T. pictum this plant has no af.
 finity  It is the only species I have seen with a real ovate, sessile leaf.
  T. purpureum.  Kin.  Foliis  spathulato-ovatis,  acuminatis, vcnoso-nervosis ;
 flOre pedunculato  cernuo; petalis calyce majoribus, atropurpureis
  This species is most nearly allied to T. cernuum, from  which, however, it is
sufficiently distinct.
SABAL.
   Spathes partial.   Fila-
ments  free,  thickened at
base.    Berry  1 -seeded
Seed bony.
   Pers. I.
207.
•d 599.
    Spatha? partiales.  Fil-
amenta libera, basi iacras-
sata.   Bacca?  i-sperma.
Semen osseum.

    1.  Pumila.   Walt.
    Sabal Adansoni, Pursh, l.p. 239
    Chameerops acaulis,  Mich. 1. p
    Corypha pumila, Walt. p. 119.
    Rhapis acaulis, Sp pl. 4. p. 1093.

  Root creeping.  Stem 0  Uaves flabelliform,3—4 feet hio-h.
unequally compressed, naked.  Scape 4—6 feet high panicled.
ers  nearly sessile, small." < alyx  3 parted.  Corolla 3 cleft.
rather drupe, nearly round, bluish black.
  Grows very abundantly on the sea islands, along the coast of Caro
Una and  Georgia;  covering in many places the most sandy soils
Scarcely differing from the next genus.
  Flowers June—August.                      Dwarf palmetto.
Stipes
Flow-
Berry 
HEXANDRIA  TRIGYNIA.           43 £
                   CHAMJEROPS.

 Spatha compressa. Spa- I Spathe compressed. Spa-
dix ramosus.   Calyx  3-  dix branching.   Calyx 3
partitus.   Corolla  8 pe-  parted.   Corolla 3 petal-
tala.   Filamenia  submo-  led.  Filaments somewhat
nodelpha.  Drupa* 3, mo- j monodelphous.   Drupes
nospermse.                | 3, one seeded.
   1.  Serrulata.
    C. caudice  repente ;
stipitibus  aculcato-serra-
ti>; frondibus plicato-pal-
matis   Pursh, l  p. 239.
   Sp. pl. 4. p. 1155.  Mich. 1. p. 206.
  Fronds about 2 feet high, wifh the stem on stipes most sharply ser-
rate.  Scape paniculate  Flowers small, only one germ coming  to
maturity, producing a bluish black drupe.
  Grows on the southern islands of Carolina ; more common inGeor*
gia, where it extends through  the flat pine barrens.
  Flowers July—Augnst,

   2.  Hystrix.   Fraser.
    C. caudice  repente ; |  Caudex creeping; stipes
stipitibus aculeis longissi  I intermingled  with  long
mis  intermixtis ;  frondi- / thorns ;  fronds   plaited,
bus  plicato-palmatis.— | palmate.
Pursh,  l. p. 240.          |
  This palm was first noticed by the late Mr. Fraser.  The leaves
or fronds  attain the  height of 4—5 feet.  It is remarkable for the
thorns, like porcupine quills, which grow from the root intermingled
with the fronds.  It is found in rich, clayey soils, along the margins of
swamps, and from its peculiar deep green colour, is sometimes called
" blue  palmetto "
  Flowers June—August.

   8.  Palmetto.
  C.  caudice  arboreo  ; |     Caudex arborescent;
stipitibus inermibus; spa- | stipes unarmed;  spathee
  Caudex creeping, stipes
sharply  serrate;  fronds
plaited palmate. 
48S
HEXANDRIA TETRAGYNIA.
this duplicatis;  frondibus
plicato-palmaiis.   Sp. pl.
   115£.
doubled ;  fronds plaited,.
palmate.
Mich. 1. p. 200.   Pursh, 1. p 24Q.
Corypha palmetto, Walt. p. 119.
Mich. Arbres forest.
  Stem sometimes attaining a height of 40—50 feet, 12—15 inches in
diameter.  The fronds 5 or 6 feet in length, growing at the very
summit of the tree.   Flowers in naked panicles.   Drupe bluish bhick.
  This palm possesses a great, and to this country an increasing value.
It is the only tree produced in our forests which is  not attacked by
the  teredo navalis or ship-worm ;  and  as  it is incorruptible in salt-
water, its value for submarine construction is almost incalculable.
  Its  leaves  can be employed in the manufacture of hats, baskets,
mats,  and many other purposes of domestic economy ; and the ki cab-
bage" composed of the  unexpanded embryo  leaves may be classed
among the most delicious vegetables produced on our tables.  It is
however a wasteful luxury, as the tree always perishes when deprived
of this part of its foliage
  Grows along the sea coast of Carolina and Georgia, confined to the,
neighborhood of salt-water ;  preferring damp, rich soils.
  Flowers Juue—July.                           Pall palmetto.
VWVWWWWVW v%* vw vwvv-w
TETRJIGYJSIA.
1AV»^i\VVV i^wvwvw W"\ www
SAURURUS.
   Calyx amentum squa-
mis  unifloris.    Corolla
0.   Bacca? 4, monosper-
my.
   1. Cernucs.
  Calyx an amentum with
l flowered scales.  Corol-
la 0.   Berries 4,  l  seed-
ed.
   1.  UEiKXVUUS,
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 292.  Mich. 1. p. 218.  Pursh, 1 p. 252.
   Anon, aquatic. Walt p. 127.

  Root perennial, somewhat creeping.  Stem herbaceous, 1—2 feet
high, furrowed, hairy.  Leaves alternate, cordate, slightly acuminate,
entire, pubescent, a little glaucous underneath.  Flowers in spikes,
opposite the leaves, cernuous. Calyx 1 leaved, tubular, hairy, the tube
split on the upper side, tlie border lanceolate, acute, shorter than the
tube.   Filaments 6, longer than the calyx, inserted  at the base of the
germ.  Anthers attached to the sides of the filaments.  Germs 3—5, 
               HEXANDRIA HEXAGYNJA.           4£3
  «
most generally 4, united on the inner side on pedicels as long as the
(ube of the calyx  Stigmas shorter than the stamens, obtuse, reflected.
  Grows in bogs and ponds ; very common.
  Flowers May—July.                          Swamp Lilly.

  The fresh root is bruised and applied cold in form of a poultice to
inflamed surfaces as an emollient and discutient.
VW WVW\ WWW WWW W V
HEXAGYNUU
VWVWWV WV% WWW WWW
   Calyx  6 leaved.   Co-
rolla 6  petalled.    Cap-
sules G, l-celled, l  seed-
ed.
               WENDLANDIA.   Willd.

   Calyx G-phyllus.   Co-
rolla  6-petala.   Capsula?
6,   uniloculars,   mono-
spermy.

   l.  Poptjlifolia.
   Sp- pl- 2. p. 275.  Pursh, 1. p. 252.

  Stem shrubby, scandent, with terete branches, the younger pubes;
cent and striate.  Leaves alternate, petiolate, cordate, ovate, mucro-
nate as with  a gland, entire, veined, glabrous above, pubescent un-
derneath.  Petioles long, pubescent   Racemes simple, half as long as
the petioles, above the axils.  Peduncles, bracteas and calyx exter-
nally pubescent.  Flowers small, white.  Willd.
  This plant has hitherto escaped the researches of all of our botaa*
ists.  Pursh supposes it to be the Cissampelos smilacina of Linnteus,
the Menispermum Carolinianum of Walter and Michaux; yet t can-
not reconcile the " capsules 6, one celled, one seeded," of the Wend-
fcindia to the one seeded berry of the Menispermum.
  Grows in Carolina.  Willd.        Poplar-leaved  JFendlandia.
WitV\VWW\VWVWVV\U«
POLYGYMA.
» VWWVVWVWW* '
ALISMA.   Gen. pl.  625.
   Calyx  3-phyllus.   Pe-
tala 3.   Capsula? plures,
monospermy.
  Calyx 3 leaved.  Petah
3.   Capsules many,  one
seeded. 
434i
HEXANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
   1. Trivialis.   Pursh.
   A. foliis ovalibus, cor-
datisque, obtusissimis,  9-
jiervibus ;  floribus  verti-
cillato  paniculatis; fruc-
tibus obtuse  trigonis.—
Pursh,  l. p  252.
   Alisma plantago, Mich. 1. p. 218.
  Grows in ditches and ponds, from Carolina to Florida
  Fiowers July.
   Leaves  oval,  cordate,
very obtuse, 9  nerved;
flowers  in   verticillate
panicles ;  fruit  obtusely
3 angled.
Pursh.
   Leaves  oval and cor-
date,  slightly  acuminate,
7 nerved ; flowers in ver-
ticillate panicles; fruit ob-
tusely  3 angled.
   2. Parviflora.   Pursh.
   A. foliis  ovalibus  cor-
datisque, paulo acumina-
tis,  7-nervibus;  floribus
verticillato   paniculatis ;
fructibus  obtuse trigonis.
E.
I   Pursh, 1. p. 253.
  Root creeping.  Leaves 1—3 inches long, oval, slightly acuminate,
sometimes rounded at base, the old generally cordate  i>cape 10—18
inches long, branching ; branches all verticillate.   Flowers small.
  Grows in salt marshes; Pursh. My specimens which appear to
belong to this species, are frojn the upper districts of Carolina.
  Flowers July—August.

   3. SlJBULATA.
   A.  pusilla ;  foliis li-  |    Plant striate ; leaves li-
neari-subulatis;  umbellis  j near  subulate  ;   umbels
simplicibus.   Pursh,  1. p.  j simple.
253.                       j
   Clayton, p. 57. No. 723. Sp. pl. 2. p. 279.

  Plant small, with flowers large  in proportion.   Pursh.
  Grows in inundated soils, from New-York to  Floiida.   Colum-
bia ? South-Carolina.
  Flowers Augugt/ 
CLASS  VII.
HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNM.

       246. J^SCULUS.
J2SCULUS.
   Calyx  l-phyllus, 4—5
dentatus, ventricosus. Co-
rolla  4—5  petala,  inse-
qualis,   calyci   inserta.
Capsula 3-locularis.   Se-
mina  magna, solitaria.
   1.  Pa VIA.
   JE. foliis quinatis, gla-
bris,  insequaliter  denta-
tis ; corollis tetrapetalis;
petalorum  conniventium
unguibus  longitudine ca-
lycis.   Sp. pl. 2.  p. 286.
                                 Calyx  1 -leaved,  4—5
                              toothed, ventricose.   Co-
                              rolla 4—j petalled, une-
                              qual, inserted into the ca-
                              lyx.    Capsule  3-celled.
                              Seeds large, solitary.


                                 Leaves by fives,  gla-
                              brous, unequally toothed;
                              corolla  4 petalled ;  the
                              claws  of  the  connivent
                              petals as long as the  ca-
                              lyx.
   Walt. p. 128.  Mich. 1. p. 219.  Pursh, 1 p. 254.

  A shrub generally 3—5 feet high in the low country, sometimes
becoming a small tree near the mountains; branches irregular, thick,
obtuse.  Flowers in terminal racemes, with  the buds few flowered.
Petals unequal, of a bright scarlet colour.  Stamens unequal, nearly
as long as the petals.  Capsules nearly round, coriaceous, 3 celled.
  Grows in loose soils, preferring rich places.
  Flowers April—May.                         Buck's-Eye.
  The  narcotic property of this sbrub, has given rise to  a singular
mode of taking fish, practised, though not frequently in some parts ol
tiiis state.  The tender branches are bruised and thrown into a  pool
of small extent, the water is then agitated unt:l it becomes sufficient-
ly impregnated to effect tlie  fish ; they rise to the  surface almost
lifeless and may be taken by  the hand.  The  powdered seed may be
used  with equal effect.  Fish taken in this manner are eaten  with
impunity.
  The root of the Buck's-Eye is used  as a  substitute for soap in
washing woollen clothes. 
#36          HEPTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA,
   2. Discolor.   Pursh.
   JE.  foliis  quinatis,  u-
trinque acuminatis,  sub-
tus  tomentosis, insequali-
ter  serrulatis ; unguibus
petalorum longitudine ca-
lycis.   Pursh, 1. p. 255.
   Leaves  quinate,  acu.
minate  at each  end, to-
mentose underneath, un-
equally  serrulate ;  the
claws of  the  petals  as
long as  the calyx.
  A shrub, not above 4 feet high.  Racemes compound, with the buds
rnany flowered.  Corolla variegated with yellow, white and purple..
Stamens 7, shorter than the corolla.  Fruit unawned.  Pursh.
  Found by Mr. Lyon in the western districts of Georgia,
  Flowers May.

   3. Flava.
   M.  foliis quinatis, sub-
tus  ad  costam  pubescen-
tibus,  sequaliter serrula-
tis ;  corollis tetrapetalis;
petalorum  conniventium
unguibus calyce longiori-
bus.  Sp. pl. 2. p. 38(5.
   Pursh, 1. p. %55.
   i£. lutea, Mich. 1. p. 219.
  Stem frutescent or arborescent, varying in height from 5 to 70 feefy
branches terete, glabrous, flexuous.   Leaves opposite, quinate ; leaf-
lets sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, ribbed ; the  lower surface sparing-
ly sprinkled with hair.  Common petiole 4—6 inches long. Flow-
ers in a racemose terminal panicle, branches-expanding, 2—6 flowered.
Peduncles pubescent.  Calyx nearly cylindrical,  very pubescent, 5
cleft, with the segments obtuse.  Corolla irregular, twice as long as
the calyx, pale  yellow; the 2 upper petals linear, longer, dilated at
the summit, the 2 lateral oval, narrowed at base ;  all pubesceet, vil-
lous near the base.  Filaments 7, subulate, hairv, unequal, about the
length of the corolla.  Fruit unarmed.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia, where it becomes
a tree. In Columbia caunty, Georgia, I have seen it 4—6 feet high,
  Flowers March—April             Yelloio-flowered JEsculus*
   Leaves by fives, pubes-
cent underneath neai  the
midrib,equally serrulate;
corolla  4  petalled,  with
the  claws of  the conni.
vent  petals  longer  than
the calyx.
   4.  Macros tachya.
   M. foliis quinatis, sub-
tus tomentosis ; racemo
  Leaves quinate, tomen-
tose underneath 5 raceme 
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
437
longissimo ;  corollis  4- I  very long ; corolla 4 pe-
petalis, patulis ; stamini- |  tailed, expanding  ;  sta-
bus  longissime   exertis.   mens very long.
Pursh,  1. p. 255.
   Mich. 1. p. 220.
  iEsculus parviflora,  Walt. p. 128.
  A small shrub, 3 - 4 feet high. Leaflets obovate, acuminate, serru-
late, tomentose underneath.  Flowers in very long racemes, white;
buds 1 flowered.  Stamens nearly three times as long as the corolla.
  Grows  near rivulets in the upper districts of Georgia and Carolina.
  Flowers April—May.
CLASS  VI1L
   OCTANDRIA.
    MOJVOGFmA.

247. RHEXIA.
A48. OKNOTHERAi
219. EPILOBIUM.
250. GAURA.
251. 0XYC0CC0S.
252. MENZ1ESIA.
253. ELLIOTT I A.
254. DIRCA.
255. ACER.

     TRIGYNIA.

256. POLYGONUM.
257. CARDIOSPERMUM.
258. SAP1NDUS.
RHEXIA.   Gen. pl. 636.
   Calyx 4-fidus.  Corol
la 4-petala, calyci inserta.  .
Anthera? declinatse.  Cap-
sula 4-locularis,intra ven-
tre m calycis.

   * Antheris incumbenti-
     bus.
   1.  Mariana.
   K. hirsuta;   foliis lan-
ceolatis, utrinque acutis,
   Calyx 4 cleft.   Corol-
la 4 petalled, inserted in-
to the calyx.  Anthers de-
clined.   Capside 4 celled,
within the bosom of the
calyx.
   * Anthers incumbent.
   Hirsute; leaves lance*
olate, acute at  each end. 
488
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNTA.
3 nerved ;  calyx tubular,
nearly glabrous.
trinervibus ; calyce tubu-
loso, g'abriusculo.  Mich.

4. p.  221.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 301.  Walt. p. 130.  Pursh, 1. p. 257.

  Perennial.  Stem 1—2 feet high, terete, furrowed. Leaves some-
times ovate lanceolate, serrate, ciliate.  Flowers in the divisions and
*t the termination of the branches.   Calyx ventricose near the base ;
the segments half as long as the tube, and with a few hairs scattered
round the throat.  Petals obliquely obovate, large, hairy on the outer
■urface, purple. Filaments inserted at the throat of the calyx.  An-
thers incumbent, versatile,  long, 1 celled, opening at the summit, yel-
low.  Styk much longer than the stamens   Capsule included in the
persistent calyx  Seeds numerous,  attached to  a  receptacle in the
•entre of each cell.                 »-
  Grows in all humid soils.
  Flowers June—September.
   Hirsute;  leaves  linear
and   linear   lanceolate,
somewhat clustered; root
creeping ?
   2.  Angustifolia.   E.
   R. hirsuta; foliis linear-
ibus,   lineari lanceolatis-
que, sub fasciculatis ; ra-
dice repente ?   E.
   Rhexia lanceolata,  Walt p. 129.
   Rhexia mariana, var.  exalbida, Mich. 1. p 221.  Pursh, 1. p. 258.

  I have always been disposed to join with Walter in separating this
plant from the R mariana.  Its habit, as far as  I have seen it, is dis-
tinct.  It grows in small patches like a creeping plant, not singly, or
tliinly  scattered. Its  leaves are more numerous on the stem, very
Harrow : its flowers smaller than those of the R. mariana, and the petals
generally white.            "*
  Grows i.i damp soils.  Near Savannah.
  Flowers June—August.
   3. Glarella.   Mich.
   R. glabra;  caule tereti;
foliis  lanceolatis  ovatis-
que, trinervibus, denticu-
latis, glaucescentibus; ca-
lycibus glutinosis.   E.
   Glabrous; stem terete:
leaves lanceolate and o-
vate,  3  nerved,  denticu-
late,  slightly   glaucous;
calyx glutinous.
   Mich. 1. p. 292.  Pursh, 1. p. 258.
   R. alifanus,  Walt. p. 130.

  SUm 2—3 feet.high, glabrous, slightly furrowed.  Leaves glabrous.
lessile, with a few serratures near the summit.  Calyx sprinkled with 
OCT\NDRlA MONOGYNIA.
439
viscid hairs.  Petals somewhat acute, gibbous on one side, large, pur-
ple.
  The leaves and stem of this plant have a very sweet taste, and they
are said, the gh I know not if upon good authority, to be a favourite
food  of our deer. They are eaten by children with impunity.
  Grows in stiff", damp soils.
  Flowers June—August.                        Beer grass.

   4. Ciliosa   Mich.
   R.  caule  subquadrato,
glabro;  foliis  ovato-lan-
ceolatis, serrulati*,  cilia-
tis, trinervibus, subtus gla-
bris ;  floribus  involucra-
tis.   E.
   Mich. 1.  p. 221.   Pursh, I. p. 258.
   Rhexia petiolata, Walt. p. 130.
  Stem about 18 inches high,   leaves sometimes  lanceolate, acutely
serrulate, with the serratures fringed, the upper surface hairy.  Peti^
oks very short, scarcely distinct.   Flower*, as in the preceding spo-
cies, in a loose dichotomous panicle.   Involucrum composed of 2
leaves at the base of each flower.  Petals nearly round, purple.
  Grows in damp pine barrens.
  Flowers June—August.
 Stem nearly square, gla-
brous ;  leaves ovate lan-
ceolate, serrulate, ciliate,
3  nerved,  glabrous un.
derneath;  flowers  witii
an involucrum.
   5. Stricta.   Pursh.
   R. caule  stride- erecto,
alato,glabro,ad nodos bar-
bato; foliis sessilibus, an-
gusto-lanceolatis,  acumi-
natis, trinervibus, utrin-
que  glabris ;  corymbis
dichotomis.  Pursh, l. p.
  Stem strict, erect, wing-
ed,  glabrous,  bearded at
the joints; leaves sessile,
narrow  lanceolate,   acu-
minate,   3  nerved,  gla-
brous on both sides ;  co-
rymbs dichotomous.
258.
  Stem 4 angled, slightly bearded at the joints.   Leaves slender.
Calyx glabrous.  Flowers handsome, purple.  Pursh.
  Described by Pursh from specimens collected in  the bogs of Geor-
gia by Mr. Enslen.  It appears to  be very nearly allied to the next
species.

   6. VlRGINIC*.
   R. caule  angulato, ala-
to:  foliis ovato-lanceola-
tis,  ciliato-serratis,  5—7
   Stem angled, winged;
leaves ovate  lanceolate,
ciliate, serrate, d-7 nerv- 
440
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
nervibus, pilis adspersis;   ed,  sprinkled  with  hair,
corymbo dichotomo.  E    corymbs  dichotomous.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 301.   Mich. 1. p. 222.   Pursh,  1. p. 25£
   Rhexia  septemnervia,  Walt. p. 130.
  Stem 2—S feet high, square, winged  along the angles, branching,
smooth,  but sometimes fringed along the  wings.  Leaves  sessile...
Flowers axillary  and  terminal, forming a tolerably regular corymb.
Petals obovate, slightly mucronate, purple.
  Grows in swamps and wet soils.
  Flowers July—September.

    ** Antheris   erectis, |    **  Anthers  erect,  ter-
terminalibus.               |  minal.
   7.  Lutea.   Walt.
 R. hirsuta ; foliis lineari-
lanceolatis, basi interdum
                                Hirsute;  leaves linear
                              lanceolate,    sometimes
cuneatis,     trinervibus ; j  wedge  shaped  at base;
                              3 nerved; panicle pyra-
                              midal ;  anthers erect.
                             Pursh, 1. p. 258.
panicula pyramidata; an-
theris erectis.   E.
   Walt. p. 130.  Mich. p. 222.
  Stem about 18  inches high, square, branches  brachiate, hispid*
Leaves sessile, and excepting the midrib, glabrous on the under sur-
face.  Flowers in a pyramidal panicle, the branches generally 3 flow-
ered.  Tube of the calyx ventricose, border campanulate, 4 cleft, as
long as the tube.   Petals obovate, mucronate, yellow, less caducous
tlian in the other species.   Filaments dilated at base, almost united.
Anthers erect, furrowed, 1 celled.
  This species, by the structure of its anthers, and the form  of its
panicle, recedes from the general character and habit of the genus.
  Grows in damp pine barrens.
  Flowers June—August
   *** Incerta? sedis.
   8.  LlNEARIFOLIA.  La
   R ?   caule   cylindrico,
subpubescente;  foliis al-
ternis, linearibus, oblon-
gis, obtusis, sessilibus, u-
trinque  pubescentibus  ;
floribus   subsolitariis.—
Enc. Lam. 6. p. 2.
   Pursh, 1. p. 259.
Marck.
   Stem cylindrical, slight-
 ly  pubescent;  leaves al-
 ternate,  linear,   oblong,
 obtuse, sessile, pubescent
 on both surfaces; flowers
 generally solitary. 
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA*           441
  Fiowers yellow.
  Found in Carolina by Bose.
Flowers
           OENOTHERA.   Gen. pl. 63?.

   Calyx  4-fidus, tubulo- |    Calyx* cleft, tubular.
sus.    CoroUa   4-petala. j  Corolla 4 petalled.  Cap*
Capsula infera,  4 locula- j  sule inferior, 4 celled.
ris.                         |
   l. Biennis.
   Stem villous, scabrous j
leaves  ovate  lanceolate.,
flat, dentate; flowers spik-
ed ; stamens shorter than
the corolla.
 <E. caule villoso, scabro;
foliis    ovato-lanceolatis,
planis, dentatis ;  floribus
spicatis;  staminibus  co-
rolla brevioribus.  Sp. pl.
2. p. 30G.
   Mich. 1. p. 224.  Pursh, 1. p. 2G1.
   Oenothera inollissima ? Walt. p. 129.

  Perennial ? Stem herbaceous, 3—8 feet high, terete.  Leaves aR
ternate, sessile, very pubescent.  Flowers in a terminal  spike, with
a leaf at the base of each, longer than the germ.  Calyx  deciduous ;
the tube 2 inches long, thickened at the summit; the segments half
as long as the tube, hairy on the outside, reflected.  Petals obovate,
emarginate, yellow, shorter than  the segments of the calyx.  Germ.
inferior, cylindrical, furrowed.  Style longer than the corolla.  Stig-
ma 4 cleft. Capsule nearly cylindrical.  Seeds numerous in each cejl,
angled, attached to a central receptacle.
  Grows in dry pastures, along fences, &c.
  Flowers September—October.
   2. MURICATA.
 (E. caule purpurascente,
muricato;  foliis  lanceo-
latis, planis ;  staminibus
longitudine corollse.   Sp.
pl. 2. p.  307.
   Pursh, 1. p. 261.
  Flowers smaller than in the preceding species
  Grows along fences and in old fields.  Pu,rsh.
  Flowers July—August,
                      h3
   Stem  purplish,  muri-
cate ; leaves lanceolate,
flat; stamens as long as
the corolla. 
449
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
   Stem nearly glabrous,
branching ;  leaves  ovate
lanceolate, glabrous ; sta-
mens declining.
   3. Grand if lor*.
   CE. caule glabriusculo,
ramoso; foliis ovato-lan-
ceolatis, glabris ; stamini-
bus declinatis.  Sp. pl. 2.
p. 306.
   Pursh, 1. p. 261.
  Stem 2—3 feet high, branching  Leaves sometimes lanceolate, S—4
inches long, 1—2 wide, frequently  pubescent.  Flowers axillary,
sessile, large, of a bright yellow colour. Tube of the caly.v vecy
long.  Stamens declining, shorter than the corolla.
  Grows in gardens and around buildings. Certainly not indigenous"
in our low country.
  Flowers May—September.
   4. Hyerida.   Mich.
 (E. caule erecto, villoso;
foliis utrinque pubescen-
tibus, lanceolatis, remote
subdentatis,   undulatis  ;
capsulis  subspicatis, bre-
viter stipitatis,  ovato-te-
tragonis. Mich. l.p.225.
   Pursh, 1. p. 262.
  Stem 1—3 feet long, hairy, slightly muricate.  Tube of the calyx
3 or 4 times as long as the segments.  Petals and stamens as long as
the segments  of the calyx.  Capsule nearly sessile, ovate, long*
scarcely angled.
  Grows in the upper districts of Georgia and Carolina.
  Flowers July—September.
   Stem  erect,  villous j
leaves pubescent on both
sides, lanceolate, remote-
ly toothed, undulate; cap-
sules  somewhat  spiked,
on short footstalks, ovate
and  4 angled.
   5.  Fruticosa.
  CE. pubescens ; caule a
basi  ramoso,  divaricato;
foliis sessilibus, lanceola-
tis,  subdentatis,  acutis;
capsulis  pedicellatis, ob-
longo-clavatis, angulatis.
Pursh, 2. p. 734.
   Sp.pl. 2. p. 310,   Walt. p. 129.
 Pubescent; stem branch-
ing from the base, divari-
cate ;  leaves sessile, lan-
ceolate,  slightly toothed,
acute; capsules pedicel-
late,  oblong clavate, an-
gled. 
OCTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
443
  Stem 1—2 feet high, terete, pubescent.   Leaves frequently oblong,
.ovate, with 2 small ones in the axils.  Flowers in a terminal raceme.
 Corolla yellow, longer than the stamens.
  Grows in the middle and upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers July—August.
   fi.  Fraseri.   Pursh.
   (E. glabriuscula: caule
inferne siraplici; foliis o-
vatis, petiolatis, denticula-
tis ; racemis foliosis; cap-
sulis pedicellatis. obovatis,
   Nearly glabrous; stem
near  the  base  simple;
leaves  ovate,  petiolate,
denticulate ;     racemes
leafy;  capsules pedicel.
4-gonis.  Pursh, 2. p. 734. |  late, obovate,  4 angled.
  This species is taken from Pursh, who remarks, that it differs from
the O. fruticosa, to which  perhaps it is too nearly  allied, principally
in habit; flowering but for a short  period, and forming immediately
new tufts of radical  leaves, which  the 0 fruticosa does not produce
ontil late in autumn.
  Collected by Mr. Fraser in South-Carolina-.
  Flowers- June—July.
Stem diffuse, pubescent f
leaves oval oblong, tooth-
ed  and sinuate ;  dowers
axillary, villous ; capsules
prismatick.
   7.  SlNUATA.
  CE. caule diffuso, pubes-
cente ;  foliis ovali-oblon-
gis, dentato-sinuatis ;  flo-
ribus axillaribus, villosis;
capsulis    prismaticis.—
Pursh, 1. p. 261.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 309.  Mich.  1.  p. 224.
   Oenothera  biennis ? Walt  p. 129.
   Oenothera  minima, Pursh, 1. p. 262..
  Stem 1—2  feet long, generally prostrate, branching, rflughenecfc
Leaves sessile, denticulate near the summit, sinuate, almost pinnatifid
near the base.   Flowers solitary,  sessile.  CoroUa small.  Petals aj
long as the segments of the  calyx, nearly obcordate, yt-uow.  Style
shorter than the corolla, woolly in the middle.   Capsule cylindrical
sessile, furrowed.
  In very dry, sandy soils this plant becomes very diminutive, its
leaves small, and almost entire, and the flowers few.   In t. is state I
suspect it is the (). minima of  Pursh* described from specimens aol<=
lected in Georgia by Mr. Enslen.
  Grows generally in dry pastures.
  Flowers April—September. 
444
OCTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
  Glabrous; stem ascend^
ing ;  leaves  lanceolate,
entire, obtuse ;  capsules
obovate, angled.
   8.  Pumila.
 CE.  glabra; caulibus ad-
scendentibus ;  foliis  lan-
ceolatis, integerrimis, ob-
tusis  ;  capsulis obovatis,
angulatis.  Sp. pl.  2. p.
310.
   Pursh, 1. p. 262.
  Plant 8—12 inches  high. Upper leaves linear  lanceolate, when
young  pubescent. Flowers small. Tube of the calyx not longer than
segments.  Capsules nearly sessile
  Grows in dry fields,  in Vi
  Flowers July.
irginia and Carolina.  Pursh,
   9. Chrysantha.   Mich.
   CE. caule debili, pubes-
cente ;  foliis  lanceolatis,
obtusiusculis, planis, inte-
gris ;  calycis tubo laciniis
duplo breviore;  capsula
clavata, acutangula,  ses-
sili.   Mich.  l. p. 225.
   Pursh, 1. p 263.
   Plant small, scarcely a foot high.
yellow colour.  Mich.
  Grows on the mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers July—August.
   Stem weak, pubescent j
leaves  lanceolate, rather
obtuse, flat, entire ;  tube
of the  calyx but half as
long as  the  segments j
capsule  clavate,  acutely
angled, sessile.

  Flowers small, and of a golden
     Pursh.
   10. Linearis.  Mich.
  CE. pubescens, gracilis;
foliis linearibus, integris ;
capsulis longiuscule stipi-
tatis, subrotundo-tetrago-
nis,  villosis.
    Pubescent,  slender;
leaves linear, entire; cap-
sules  on  long footstalks,
nearly  round, 4  angled,
villous.
   Mich. 1. p. 225.  Pursh, 1. p. 262.
  Stem 1—2* feet high.  Leaves crowded near the summit, so that
the axillary flowers appear to form a corymb*  Corolla large,
wight yellow. 
OCTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.          445
  I possess a number of specimens of an GEnothera apparently  be-
longing to this species, collected by R. W. Habersham, Esq. in  the
■south of Georgia, in all of which the stems are geniculate and curved
near the middle
  Grows in dry soils, in the middle country of Georgia and Carolina.-
  Flowers April—May.
EP1LOB1UM.  Gen.  pl. 639.
   Calyx 4-fidus,  tubulo-
sus.    Corolla  4-petala.
Capsula  oblonga, 4-locu-
laris, infera. Semina pap-
posa.
   1. Tetraoonum.
   E. caule  lineis promi-
nulis subquadrangulatis;
foliis oppositis,  supremis
alternis,  lanceolatis, ser-
rulatis.   Pursh, l. p. 259.
                               Calyx 4 cleft, tubular.
                             Corolla 4 petalled.  Cap-
                             sule oblong,  4  celled, in-
                             ferior.    Seeds  crowned
                             with a  tuft of hair.

                               Stem somewhat  4 an-
                             gled by prominent lines 5
                             leaves  opposite, the  up-
                             per ones alternate, lance-
                             olate, serrulate.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 317.  Mich. 1. p. 223.
  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, about 2 feet high, branching,
glabrous.  Leaves narrow, sharply serrulate. Flowers in terminal
racemes, small, crowning the germ,pale red.  Germ  linear, long.
Capsule long, 4 angled.  Seed oblong, crowned with a tuft of hair.
  Grows among the Saluda mountains.  Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers July—August.
GAURA.   Gen. pl. 638.
   Calyx 4-fidus,  tubulo-
sus.    CoroUa  4-petala,
adscendens. Nux i -sper-
ma, 4-angulata, infera.
   Calyx 4 cleft, tubular.
Corolla 4 petalled, ascen-
ding.  Nut t  seeded, 4
angled, inferior.
   1. Angustifoliv.   Mich.
   G. foliis fasciculatis, li- I     Leaves clustered,  li-
nearibus,  repando-undu-1 near,  repand,  undulate ; 
446           OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA*
latis:  fructibus oblongo-   fruit  oblong,  4  angled.
tetragonis,  utrinque  acu-   acute  at each  end.
tis.   Mich. l. p. 226.
   Pursh, 1. p. 260.
   Gaura biennis, Walt p. 128.
  Perennial.   Stem herbaceous, about 3 feet high, terete, pubescent.
Leaves sessile, alternate, a little hairy.  Flowers in a terminal pani-
cle composed of slender racemes.   Calyx 4 cleft, deciduous, the seg-
ments linear, reflected, much longer than the tube.  Petals inserted
into the tube of the calyx near the summit, spathulate, obtuse, white,
half as l«#ng as the segments of the calyx.  Filaments inserted into
the tube of the calyx.  Anthers oblong, 2 celled.  Germ angled, ob-
long, pubescent.  Style as  long as the  stamens.  Stigma capitate*
slightly 2 lobed.
  Grows in very dry, sandy soils.
  Flowers July—August.
   2. Biennis.
   G.   foliis  lanceolatis,
dentatis; spica conferta ;
fructibus  subrotundo-4-
gonis,   pubescentibus.—
Pursh, 1. p. 260.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 311.   Mich. 1. p.
  Stem herbaceous, branching.  Leaves  lanceolate, pubescent, irrer
gularly and slightly  dentate, sometimes  entire.   Flowers  more
crowded in the terminal spikes, and much larger than in the preced-
ing species. Fruit acute at each end.
  Grows  in fertile^ stony soils, in the upper districts of Carolina
,and Georgia.
  Flowers July—August.
       Leaves  lanceolate,
  dentate ; spike crowded,*
  fruit nearly  round, slight,
  ly 4 angled, pubescent.

226.
OXYCOCCUS.,  Persoon.
   Calyx 4-fidus.   Corol-
la 4-partita, laciniis  sub-
linearibus, revolutis.   Fi-
lamenta conniventia. An-
thera? tubulosse, bipartite.
Bacca polysperma.
   Calyx 4 cleft.   Corolla
4  parted,  with  the  seg-
ments  somewhat linear,
revolute.   Filaments con-
niving.   Anthers tubular,
2  parted.   Berry many
seeded. 
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA,           447
   1.  Erythrocakpus.
   O. erectus;  foliis ovali-
bus. acuminatis, serrulatis
ciliatisque; pedicellis ax-
  Erect ; leaves oval, acu-
minate, serrulate and cili-
ate ;  pedicels  axillary ;
illanbus ;  corolla  longa, j corolla long, at last revo-
demum revoluta.   Pers. j lute.
1. p. 419.                 I
   Oxycoccus erectus, Pursh, 1. p. 264.
   Vaccinium erythrocarpum,  Mich. 1. p. 227.
  A small shrub, growing on the highest mountains of Carolina, erectj
with the branches divaricate or flexuous. Leaves rather large, mem-
branaceous, hairy near the nerves.   Calyx minute, acutely 4 cleft.
Berry globular, bright scarlet.   Mich.  Berry transparent, and of an
exquisite flavour.  Pursh.
  Grows on high mountains, from Virginia to Carolina,
  Flowers June.
MENZIESIA.   Smith.
   Calyx l-phyllus, infe-
rus.    Corolla  l-petala,
ovata.   Filamenta recep-
taculo  inserta.   Capsula
4-locularis,  dissepimenta
e marginibus inflexis val-
vularum.    Semina  mi-
me rosa, oblonga.
1.  Globularis.   Salisbury.
   Calyx l leaved, inferi-
or.   Corolla  l  petalled,
ovate.   Filaments insert-
ed on  the   receptacle.
Capsule 4 celled, with the
dissepiments  from  the
inflected  margins  of the
valves.  Seeds numerous,
oblong.
   M.  foliis lanceolatis,
subtus glaucis, extra ner-
vos  pubescentibus; caly-
                                  Leaves  lanceolate,
                            glaucous underneath, and
                            except the nerves pubes-
cibus 4-fidis; floribus glo-  cent; calyx 4 cleft; flow-
bosis,  octandris.   Pursh, j ers globose, octandrous.
1. p. 364.                 |
   Menziesia Smithii ? Mich 1. p. 235.
  A small shrub, not exceeding 4 feet high.. Leaves when young
very hairy.   Flowers yellowish brown.
  Grows in the high mountains of Virginia and Carolina*
  Flowers May—June* 
448            OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
ELLIOTTIA.  Muhlenberg.
   Calyx  4-dentatus,  in-
ferus.   Corolla profunde
4-partita.    Stigma   capi-
tatum.   Capsula ?
   Calyx 4 toothed, infe-
rior.    Corolla  deeply 4
parted.   Stigma capitate.
Capsule f
   1. Racemosa.   Muhl. Cat.

  A shrub, 4 -10 feet high, with numerous virgate branches.  Leaves
alternate, lanceolate, mucronate, entire, pubescent and slightly glau-
cous on the under surface, on short petioles.  Flowers in terminal
racemes.   Calyx small.   Corolla  white, the  segments  slightly co<
hering at base.   Filaments 8, glandular, transparent, inserted at the
base of the germ. Anthers sagittate. 2 celled.  Style longer than the
stamens.  Stigma capitate, perhaps more correctly clavate, undivid-
ed.  The fruit I have never been able to procure.
  This plant in habit has an entire resemblance to Clethra. From its
corolla,  undivided  stigma, and the number of its stamens I  kavc
inserted it, as requested by Dr. Muhlenberg, under this name.
  First discovered around Waynesborough, Burke county, Georgia.
Mr. Jackson has lately sent it to me from the Oconee.
  Grows in moderately dry, rich soils.
  Flowers June.
DIRCA.    Gen. pl. 665.
   Calyx 0.   CoroUa  in-
fera, tubulosa, limbo  ob-
solete.    Stamina   tubo
longiora.   Bacca l-sper-
ma.

   1. Palustris.

   Sp. pl. 2. p: 424.  Walt. p. 131,
  A small sbrub, 2— 5 feet high.
green.  Flowers yellow
  This shrub is generally humble.   It begins to ramify near  the
ground, and resembles a  spreading tree in miniature.  The diameter
of the trunk seldom exceeds half an inch, the bark is smooth and yel-
lowish ; the wood is soft, tough and  so flexible  that the ends of the
twigs and even the  trunks may be tied together.  The bark  has a
sweetish taste, and when chewed excites a burning sensation in  the
fauces. Mac%.
     Calyx 0.   Corolla in-
  ferior,  tubular,  with the
  border  irregular.    Sta-
  mens longer than the tube.
  Berry 1 seeded.


  Mich. 1. p. 236.  Pursh, 1. p. 268.
Leaves alternate, oblong oval, pale 
               OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.           449

  Grows in moist places near  rivulets.  Near Augusta; Bartrara.
In the oak lands on Colleton's  neck, where it is said to indicate tho.
richest soil.
  Flowers February—March—before it produces its leaves.
                               Leather-wood.  Moose-wood.
               ACER.   Gen.  pl.  1590.

   Calyx 5-fidus.  Petala      Calyx 5 cleft.   Petals
5.  Samara? 2, basi unitse,   5.  Samaras 2, united at
1-spermse,  alatae.            base, 1 seeded, winged.
   1. Rubrtjm.
   A. foliis subquinquelo-     Leaves generally 5 lob-
bis,  acutis,  serratis, sub-   ed, acute,  serrate, glau-
tus glaucis ; floribus urn-   cous underneath; flowers
bellatis, erectis; germini-   in umbels, erect;  germs
bus glabris.  Sp. pl. 4. p. |  glabrous.
984.                       j
   Mich. 2. p. 253.  Pursh,  1. p. 265.   Mich. Arbres fores. 2. p. 210.
   Acer Carolinianum ? Walt.  p. 251.

  A tree of moderate size, growing from 20 to 60 feet high, according
to the soil in which it is situated.  In damp rich swamps it becomes
a tree of considerable magnitude; in ponds, or in soils merely damp
it is generally small. In descending to the mouths of our large rivers
it is the  last tree we find in the swamps, diminishing as the soil be-
comes impregnated with salt, until it dwindles to a shrub, and ming-
ling with the  Myrica cerifera (candleberry  myrtle) and  Baccharis
halimifolia, finally disappears.   It is distinguished also for its smooth
clouded  bark,  and bright scarlet flowers and fruit, that precede its
foliage.  Leaves 3—5 lobed, irregularly toothed.  Flowers  in  small
axillary clusters, polygamous.  Stamens 5—8, irregular in their num*
ber, as occurs, I believe, in most of the species in this genus.
  Grows in swamps, very abundantly.
  Flowers January—February.       Red maple—Scarlet maple.
   2. DVSYCARPUM.
   A. foliis palmato-quin-
quelobis, acuminatis, ser-
ratis, subtus  pubescenti-
bus albo-glaucis; floribus
capitato-umbellatis \  ger-
                        13
Leaves palmate, 5 lobed,
acuminate,  serrate,  pu-
bescent underneath  and
glaucous almost to white-
ness 5 flowers in cluster- 
450
OCTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
minibus tomentosis.   Sp.   ed umbels  ;   germs  to-

pi. 4. p. 985.                mentose.

  This is generally a much larger tree than the preceding, and its fo-
liage, from the whiteness of the under surface, is singularly beautiful.
Floivers sessile, of a pale yellowish colour.  Capsule  f samara-  yel-
lowish, with the wings larger than those of any other of our species.
  Grown in the river swamps, in the upper and  middle country, very
abundantly.  Is rarely seen within 40  miles of the oceah.
  Flowers February—


   3. Sacchahinum.
   A.  foliis quinquelobis,  |    Leaves  5 lobed,  acu-
acuminatis,   subdentatis,  j minate,  somewhat den.
subtus pubescentibus; co-  | tate,   pubescent   under-
rymbo laxo, subnutante ;  j neath; corymb loose,nod-
pedunculis pilosis.   Sp.  j ding; peduncles  hairy.

pl. 4. p. 9*5.               I
  Mich. 2. p  252.  Pursh, 1. p. 266.  Mich. Arb forest. 2 p. 218.

  A tree, growing in favourable  situations from 50—80  feet high,
with a diameter of from 18—30 inches.  The bark smooth and  very
white.   Leaves on long footstalks, glaucous underneath, with the
lobes  remotely toothed. Flowers both fertile and sterile, on  long
pendulous  peduncles   Corolla pale  yellow.  Capsules  turgid, the
wings pale yellow. The fruit, which in the two former species ripen
in March and April, do not in  this come to maturitv until October—
(Mich.)
  The value of this tree for its timber, but particularly for the sugar
obtained from its sap, is generally known.   I do not know that it has
ever been employed in the southern States for this purpose, or if it be
sufficiently abundant.   It is however more generally diffused,  than
Michaux in-  his  valuable work on our Forest  trees, appears to sup-
pose.  I have seen them growing freely on the declivities of steep
hills in  Columbia county, Georgia. On the banks of the Santee  it
descends as low as St. Stephen's, and  is found on the head waters of
Cooper river, within 30 miles of Charleston.
  Grows in cool, damp soils.
  Flowers early in the spring.                    Sugar maple.


   4. Nigrum.
   A. foliis palmato-q»nn- | Leaves palmate, 5 lobed,
quelobis, cordatis, subtus  | pubescent    underneath,
pubescentibus. lobis diva-  | cordate,  lobes divaricate,
ricatis, siiiUato-subdenta-  [ sinuate and slightly tooth- 
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.'           451
ed ; flowers in corymbs;
capsules  turgid,  some*
what globose.
tis ; floribus corymbosis ;
capsulis  turgide subglo-
bosis.  Mich.  Arbres fo-
rest, vol. 2. p. 238.
   Pursh, 1. p. 266.  >
  This is also a very large tree.  Leaves large, the 2 lowef lobes ob-
scure, the 3 upper  divaricate and sparingly toothed.  Flowers on
pendulous peduncles.  Capsules turgid, with the wings pale yellow.
Fruit ripening in October.
  Grows in mountainous  situations.  Commonly called black maplfy
and in Tennessee, sugar tree?
  Flowers in the spring.
   5.  B\RBATUM.
   A. foliis breviter trilo-
bis,  serratis  ;  pedunculis
masculis  ramosis,  fcemi-
neis simplicissitnis ;  cap-
sular alis  erectis.   Mich.
2. p. %52.
   Sp. pl. 4. p. 989.  Pursh, 1. p. 26G.
  A small tree.   Leaves small, ovate, cordate, with 3 short lobes un*
equally serrate, glaucous underneath and pubescent along the nerves.
Peduncles hairy.   Flowers small, pahs green, sterile and fertile in-
termingled.  Calyx, particularly of the sterile flower, thickly bearded
on the inside.,
  Grows in deep pine and cedar swamps, from New-Jersey to Caro*
jfina-  Pursh.
  Flowers April.
   Leaves  with  3  short
lobes, serrate; peduncles
of  the  sterile   flowers
branching, of the fe, tile
very  simple  ;  wings  of
the  capsule erect.
   6. Pennsylvanicum.
   A. foliis trilobis, acumi-
natis,  duplicato-serratis,
glabris ;  racemis  simpli-
cibus, pendulis.   Sp. pl.
4. p. 989.
   Mich. 2. p. 252.
   Acer striatum, Mich. Arbres forest, 2. p. 242.  Pursh, 1 p. 267'.
  A small  tree, scarcely exceeding the stature of a shrub.  Bark
smooth and streaked.  Leaves moderately large, rounded towards the
   Leaves 3 lobed, acumi-
nate, doubly serrate, gla-
brous ;  racemes simple,
pendulous. 
 45fc           OCTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.

 base, 3 lobed at the summit, finely serrate.  Flowers in simple, pe*~
 dulous racemes.                                 #
  Grows in tiie Alleghany mountains, but rare at their southern ex.'
 tnemity.
  Flowers April—May.

   7.  MONTANUM.
   A.  foliis subquinquelo-       Leaves  generally  5
 bis, acutis, serratis, subtus  lobed, acute, serrate,  pu-
 pubescentibus ;  racemis  bescent  underneath ;  ra-
 compositis,  erectis.    Sp.  cemes  compound, erect.
 pl. 4.  p.  988,
   Mich. 2. p. 253.  Pursh, 1. p. 267.

  A tree,  confined very much to the  mountains.  Leaves rugose*.
 Flowers very small, greenish yellow.
  Grows in the Alleghany mountains, from Canada to Georgia.
  Flowers April—May.

   8. Negundo.
   A. foliis pinnatis terna-     Leaves pinnate and ter-
tisve,   inaequaliter serra-  nate, unequally serrate;
tis; floribus dioicis.   Sp.  flowers  dioicous*
pl. 4.  p.  99a.
   Walt. p. 250.  Mich. 2. p. 253.  Pursh, 1.  p. 268.

  A tree, growing from 50—50/eet high, the branches scattered  and
expanding.  Leaves pinnate,- leaflets ovale, acuminate, irregularly
and coarsely dentate.  Flowers in long, pendulous racemes.  Cap-
sules oblong, with wings somewhat obovate, pale yellow.
  The fruit of this tree resembles the other species of Acer, but its
pinnate leaves and dioicous flowers mark a very  distinct habit.  M.
Kafinesque, in the Medical Repository for 1TS08, proposed to form of
this species a new genus under the name of Negundium.
 ^ Grows along the margins of rivers, in the upper districts  of CarO'
Una and Georgia.  At Columbia, South-Carolina, common.
  Flowers April—May. 
OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA*            453
TRIGYNIA.
kVVVVW
POLYGONUM.
   Calyx 0.   Corolla  5-
partita, calycina.   Semen
1, angulatum, tectum.
   * Floribus axillaribus.
   1.  Maritimum.
   P.  floribus   octandris,
3-gynis, axillaribus ; och-
reis  membranaceis,  bi-
lobis;  foliis  lanceolatis,
subcarnosis, margine  re,
volutis  ;  caule  prostrato,
suffruticoso.
Calyx 0.   Cdrolla 5 part-
ed, resembling a  calyx.
Seed  1, angled, covered.
   * Flowers axillary.

    Flowers octandrous,
trigynous, axillary ;  sti-
pules membranaceous, 2
lobed; leaves lanceolate,
somewhat  fleshy,   with
the  margins  revolute ;
stem prostrate, somewhat
shrubby.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 449.
   P. marinum, Pursh, 1. p. 269.
  Stem perennial, hard, glabrous, branching, 1—2 feet long.  Leaves
coriaceous, attenuate at base.  Stipules very large, loose, transparent,
frequently lacerate.  Flowers axillary, on peduncles about half an
inch Jong.  Corolla white, tinged with red.
  Grows among sand hills, near the margins of the ocean.  Common
on Sullivan's Island.
  Flowers through the summer.
   2. AVICULARE.
   P. floribus subsesslli-
bus, 8-andris« 3-gynis; fo-
liis lanceoiSns, serrulatis;
ochreis  brevibus,   apice
tripartitis, laceris ;  caule
procumbente, ramosissi-
mo.  E.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 449.  Walt. Jfc 132.
J
   Flowers nearly sessile,
 octandrous,   trigynous ;
 leaves lanceolate, serru-
 late ;  stipules  short,  3
 parted at the summit, la-
 cerate ;   stem  procum.
 bent,  brandling.
Mich. 1. p. 237, Pursh, 1. p. $6& 
454
OCTANDRIA  TRTGYNIA.
  Root perennial.    Stem commonly prostrate,  striate,  glabrous,
Leaves glabrous, alternate, small,  sitting on a  short, sheath-like
peduncle   Flowers few  in each axil.   Stipules membranaceous.
Corolla greenish white, with the segments obtuse, persistent.  Sta-
mens shorter than the tube of the corolla-  Styles 3, very short. Stig-
mas capitate. Seed 3 angled, acute, covered by the  persistent corolla.
  Grows along roads, streets pastures, Sec.  Very common.
  Flowers through the summer.
   3.  Tenue.   Mich.
   P.  caule erecto,  ramo-
so,  acutangulo ; foliis  li-
nearibus,  strictis,  acumi-
natis ; ochreis  apice  vil-
losis ;  floribus  alternis,
subsolitariis.
   Mich. 1. p. 238.   Pursh, 1. p. 270.
   Polygonum linifolium, Muhl. Cat.
  Annual.  Stem 6—8 inches high, glabrous.
nut coloured.  Flowers small, white.
  Grows on rocks.  Among  the Saluda mountains not rare.  Dr.
Macbride.
  Flowers July—September.
   Stem erect, branching,
acutely  angled ;   leaves
linear, strait, acuminate;
stipules   villous  at  the
summit;   flowers  alter*
nate, generally  solitary,
Stipules tubular, ches-
** Floribus  spicatis,
   terminalibus,
4- VirgimaNtu.
P. floribus 4-tidis, hue
•  **  Flowers in  termi*
    rial spikes.
qualibus, rcmotis,  5~an
dris, s-gynis ; foliis  lato
lanceolatis, acuminatis, ci
liato-serrulatis.   E.
             Flowers  4  cleft, une-
           qual,   remote,   pentan-
           drous.  digynous; leaves
           broad lanceolate,  acumi-
           nate, with fringed  serra-
           tures.
Mich. 1. p.'238.   Pursh, 1. p. 270.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 442.
   Polygonum Bistorta ?  Walt p. 131.
  Perennial, Stem simple, 2—4 feet high, hairy towards the summit,
thickened at the joints.  Leaves sometimes oval and ovate, somewhat
scabrous, sprinkled with  glandular hairs.  Stipules truncate, ciliate.
Spikes axillary and terminal, simple, with the flowers scattered.  Sta-
mens shorter ; styles longer than the corolla,  Stigmas acute. Seed
ovate, obtuse, compressed.
  Grows in shaded, rich land.
  Flowers August—-September, 
OCTANDRTA TRIGYNIA*            455
   5.  Srtaceum.  Baldwin.
    P.  fl)rii)us  8-andris,
semitrKrynis ;  pedunculis
elonja;ati.s, distachyis ; spi-
cis interrupts,  hirsutis ;
foliis  lato-lanceolatis,  a-
cuminatis, hirsutis;  och-
reis  hirsutis  ciliatisque ;
caule erecto, glabro.   B.
    Flowers  octandrous,
with the style 3 cleft; pe-
duncles long,  2 spiked;
Sjrikes  interrupted,  hir-
sute ; leaves broad lance-
olate, acuminate, hirsute;
stipules hirsute and  cili-
ate; stem erect, glabr his.
  Stem 1—2 feet high.  Petioles very short.  Stipules long, fringed
with long bristles.   CoroUa white, resembling  the P. hrrsutum, but
sufficiently distinct by its smooth stem and interrupted spikes.  B*
  Grows in clayey soils, Savannah; St. Mary's, Georgia.  Bald.
  Flowers June—August.
   6.  Hirsutum.   Walt.
   P. floribus in spicis 111-
iformibus, 8-andris, semi-
trigynis ;  caule ochreis-
que hirsutissimis ; foliis
lanceolatis, hirsutis, punc-
tatis.   E.
   Walt. p. 132.  Mich. 1. p. 239
     Flowers  in filiform
spikes, octandrous,  with
the  styles 3 cleft; stem
an/l stipules very  hairy;
leaves  lanceolate,  hairy,
dotted.
 Pursh, 1. p. 270.
   Stem decumbent and erect, branching, 2  feet  high, completely
 clothed with long rufous hair.  Leaves oblong, sometimes slightly cor-
 date at base, acute, entire, hairy, but much less so than the stem.
 Spikes 2—3, very slender, fascicles generally  2 flowered, or produ-
-cing but 1 or 2 flowers at a time.  Corolla white.  Style as long as
 the stamens.  Stigmas capitate.  Seed 3 angled.
   Grows in shallow ponds.
   Flowers May—August.
   7 ■  PlJNCTATUM.   E.
   P. floribus 8-andris, se-
mitrigynis,  subconfertis ;
ochreis  longe ciliatis ;  fo-
liis   angusto-lanceolatis,
glabris,  pellucido-puncta-
     Flowers octandrous,
somewhat  crowded, with
the styles 3 parted ;  sti-
pules with  a long fringe;
leaves narrow lanceolate, 
45t»
OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
tis, marginibus  et nervo
dorsali scabris.   E.
glabrous,  with  pellucid
dots, the margin and mid-
rib scabrous.
P. persicaria ? Walt, p  131.
P. Hydropiper, Mich. 1. p. 238.
P. Hydropiperoides, Pursh, 1. p.
270.
  Root perennial, somewhat creeping.  Stem about 2 feet long, slen-
der, branching, glabrous, decumbent, with the summit erect.  Leaves
very acute, with a silken lustre, ending at base in a short compressed
sheathing petiole.  Stipules truncate, pubescent.   Flowers in 1 or 2
simple, slender spikes ;  fascicles generally 3 flowered, the lower ones
remote.   Corolla white, the segments obtuse, dotted.  Style as long
as the stamens.  Stigmas capitate.  Seed 3 angled.
  Grows in ditches and shallow ponds ; very common.
  Flowers July—September.
  As it has been deemed correct to drop Michaux's trivial name of
Hydropiperoides from the  species to which he  affixed it, it would
be doubly incorrect to apply it, as Pursh has done, to another species.
      Flowers  somewhat
crowded,     octandrous,
with  the  style  3  cleft;
stipules  hirsute  and  cili-
ate  ;   leaves lanceolate,
acuminate, entire, hairy.
   8. Mite.   Pers.
  P. floribus   subconfer-
tis, 8-andris, semitrigynis;
ochreis  hirsutis  ciliatis-
que  ;   foliis  lanceolatis,
acuminatis,  integerrimis,
pilosis.   E.
   Persoon Syn. pl. 1. p. 446. Pursh, 1. p. 270.
   P. Hydropiperoides, Mich, 1. p. 239.
   P. barbatum, Walt. p. 131.
^ Stem decumbent and  erect, frequently taking root at the lower
joints, terete, branching, hairy towards the summit.  Leaves slightly
acuminate.  Stipules about an inch long, very hairy, and terminated
by a long fringe.  Spikes 1—2, simple; fascicles generallv 4 flower-
ed ; bractea of each fascicle ciliate, of the individual flowers glabrous.
Corolla  white.  Style shorter than the stamens.  Stis-mas capitJte.
Seed 3 angled.                                   °     v
  Grows in ditches and ponds.
  Flowers July—September.
   9. Incarnatum.   E.
  P. floribus subconfertis,
6-andris, semidigy nis; pe-
dunculis punctatis;  och-
      Flowers   somewhat
crowded,    hexandrous,
with  the  style  2 cleft; 
OCTANDRIA  TRIGYNIA.            45?
»eis glabris; foliis lanceo-   peduncles  dotted ;   sti-
latis,  supra  pubescenti-   pules  glabrous ;   leaves
bus.   E.                     lanceolate, pubescent  on
                               the upper surface.
  Stem 2—3 feet high, geniculate, slightly angled, glabrous, roughen-
ed near the summit with  inland ilar dots.  Leaves serrulate, glabrou9
on the under surface, clothed with a very fine pubescence on the up-
per, 6—8 inches long, 2—3 wide.  Flowers somewhat paniculate, in
several simple spikes, 4-6 flowers in each fascicle,   (■orolla small,
sprinkled with glandular dots, at first pale rose-coloured, then white.
Styk as long as the corolla, t-.ice as  long as the stamens.   Stigmas
capitate.   Seed globular,  compressed, mucronate.
  This plant bears great affinity to the P. Pennsylvanicum, with which
I believe it ha.s generally been associated.   It diffars however in the
number of stamens ; in its flowers, which are much smaller and less
crowded ; in  its leaves, which are larger and less liairy j and in its
peduncles, which are never hispid.
  Grows in ditches and shallow ponds.
  Flowers July—October.
   10.  Pennsylvanicum.
   P. floribus confertis, 8-
andris, semidigynis ;  pe-
dunculis hispidis; ochreis
glabris;  foliis lanceolatis,
parce pilosis.
   Flowers  crowded, oc-
tandrous, with  the style
2 cleft; peduncles hispid;
stipules glabrous ; leaves
lanceolate, a little hairy.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 448.  Walt. p. 132. Mich. 1. p. 240. Pursh, 1. p. 271.

  Stem geniculate, angled.  Leaves slightly acuminate, bianches and
peduncles roughened with short hairs, secreting from their summits a
viscid juice.  Flowers large, rose-coloured, crowded in the spikes.
  Grows in  ditches.  Found more abundantly towards the Western
country.  Pursh.
  Flowers June—August.
   11.  Orientale.
   P. floribus 7-andris, 2-
 gynis ; foliis ovatis ; caule
 erecto;  ochreis hirtis, hy-
 pocrateriformibus.     Sp.
 pl. 2. p.  448.
   Pursh,  1. p 272.
  An annual plant.  Stem 3—5 feet high.  Leaves large, remote, o-
vate, sometimes  slightly cordate,  acute and  acuminate.  Stipule?-
                           K  3
   Flowers heptandrous,
digynous ;  leaves ovate ;
stem erect; stipules hai-
ry, hypocrateriform. 
458
OCTANDRIA  TRIGYNIA.
short, large.  Flowers in terminal crowded spikes, large for this ge.
nus. sometimes white, but generally of a beautiful rose-colour.
  This plant is now become naturalized in our country.  It grows in
cultivated land and around buildings.  Cultivated as an  ornamental
plant in gardens under the name of persicaria.
  Flowers through the summer.

   *** Spicis paniculatis. |   *** Spikes  in panicles.
   12.  Pol\gamum.  Ventenat.
 Spikes paniculate: flow-
ers  solitary, octandrous,
trigynous ;  stipules  ob-
liquely  truncate, acumi-
nate at the summit; leaves
wedge shaped, obovate.
    P.  spicis  paniculatis;
floribus  solitariis,  8 an-
dris, 3-gynis ; ochreis ob-
lique truncatis, apice  acu-
minatis ;  foliis  cuneato-
obovatis.   E.
   Pursh,  1. p. 272.
   Polygonella parvifolia, Mich. 2. p. 241.
  Perennial ?  Stem 6— 8  inches  high, erect, branching, glabrous.
leaves very  small, sessile, and with the stipules glabrous.  Panicle
composed of spikes closely jointed.  Flowers  solitary at each  joint.
Segments of the corolla ovate, obtuse, white.
  From  my specimens, which however are not good, t' is plant ap-
pears to be very different from the P. articulatum ; but Dr. Baldwin,
who has seen them both in a living state, appears to consider it doubt-
ful whether this can remain as a distinct species.
  Grows in dry, sandy pine barrens } near Columbia, South-Carolina.
J)r. Macbride.
  Flowers  July—September,
   **** Foliis basi incisis
     vel cordatis.
   13.  Sagittatum.
 P. floribus capitatis, 8-an-
dris, semitrigynis ;  caule
retrorsum atuleato; foliis
sagittatis.    Micho  l. p.
272.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 453.  Walt.  p. 132
   ***# Leaves  notched
      or cordate at base.

   Flowers in  heads, oc-
tandrous,  with  the style
3 cleft;  stem retrorsely
aculeate ;   leaves
tate.
Pursh, 1. p. 453.
sagit-
  A weak, decumbent plant, climbing over small shrubs and weeds;
the stem angled, and sharply serrated, with the serratures bent back-
wards.   Leaves nearly sessile, glabrous.  Flowers axillary and  ter-
minal in small compact heads on very long peduncles.
  Grafts in wet soils.  Very common along the margins of rice fields.
  flowers Juno—October. 
OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA,            43£
   14.  Arifolium.
   P. floribus distinctis, 6-
andris, semidigynis ; spi-
cis paucifloris ;  caule re-
trorsum  aculeato ;  foliis
hastatis.  Mich. 1. p. 241.
   Sp.pl 2. p. 453. Walt. p. 132.
   Flowers  distinct, hex-
androus, with the style 3
cleft; spikes few flowered;
stem retrorsely aculeate j
leaves hastate.
Pursh, 1. p. 272.
  Stem flexuous, prostrate or climbing over small shrubs, angled, to-
wards the  summit  with capitate  hair and  a stellated  pubescence.
Leaves on long petioles, hastate, with the auricles acute, pubescent.
Stipules short, ciliate  Flowers in terminal and axillary spikes.  Co*
rolla 4 parted ; segments ovate, 2 smaller than the others.   Stamens
8, short, with as many sterile filaments interposed between the fertile.
Seed large, ovate, compressed.
  Grows with the preceding species.  Common.
•  Flowers June—October.
   15.  Convolvulus.
   P. floribus 8-andris, se-
mitrigynis ;  foliis oblon-
gis,  cordatis;   caule  an-
gulato, asperiusculo;  ca-
lycibus fructiferis apteris.
Mich   l. p. 241.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 455.  Pursh, I. p. 273.
  A climbing plant, running over small shrubs, fences, &c. annual.
Flowers in axillary racemes.  Anthers violet-coloured.  Linn.
  Grows from Pennsylvania to Carolina.  Pursh.
  Flowers August—Oj^beiv t ••" ..   ,-...•..        • .
    Flowers octandrous,
with  the  styles 3  cleft;
leaves  oblong, cordate;
stem angled, roughened;
calyx of the mature fruit
without wings.
   16.  Scandens.
   P. floribus 8-andris, 3-
gynis ;  foliis  lato corda-
tis ; stipulis truncatis, nu-
dis ; caule volubili glabra;
calycibus fructiferis trip-
teris.   Mich. l. p. 2+0.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 456.   Pursh, 1. p. 273.
  Stem climbing, angled, smooth, bright purple.   Leaves with the an-
gles extended, obtuse:  the margins and veins slightly scabrous
    Flowers  octandrous,
trigynous;  leaves  broad
cordate ;   stipules  trun-
cate, naked;  stem twin-
ing,  glabrous ;   calyx  of
the mature fruit winged. 
460           OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
Stipules short, glabrous, slightly 2-toothed  by 2 decurrent  nerves
Flowers  in axillary racemes, the buds or joints a little remote, 2—5
or many  flowered.  Corolla white, the 3 exterior wings with the mar-
gins dilated, crenate.   Styles very short  Stigmas globose.
  Grows in cultivated places, along fences, &e.
  flowers July—October.
CARDIOSPERMUM.   Gen. pl. 680.
   Calyx 4-phyllus.   Pe-
tala  4.   Slectarium  4-
phyllum, insequale.  Cap-
yula? 3, connatse, inflatse.
   1. Halicacabum.
    C.  glabrum;  foliolis
inciso-lohtiiis,  imparibus
rhomboideis.   Pursh, l.
p. S73.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 467.  Mich. 1. p. 242.
  A small delicate vine, annual.  Leaves alternate, irregularly and
variously  lof>ed.   Flowers small, herbaceous.   Calyx persistent.
Seed globose, marked a^ base with a cordate cicatrice.
  This plant is occasionally seen in the gardens around Charleston,
but has the appearance of an exotic.
  Flowers July—October.
   Calyx 4 leaved.   Pe-
tals 4.   Nectary 4 leav-
ed, unequal.   Capsules 3.
connate, inflated.

   Glabrous ;  leaflets  in-
cised and lobed, the ter-
minal one  rhomboidal.
SAPINDUS.   Gen. pl. 681.
•'* Cfl^'4•-f)nVfltfg;'irrfe-•
 rus.   Petala 4.  CapsuUe
 carnosse, connatae, ventri
 COSSB.
   1.  Saponaria?
   S. foliis glabris, abrup-
 te pinnatis, foliolis ovali-
 lanceolatis ; rachi  alato;
 fructibus sphsericis. Mich.
 1. p. 442.
   Sp.pl. l.p. 468.  Pursh, l.p.
 ^ •bdlftSkl leaved, inferi-
 or.   Petals 4.   Capsules
 fleshy,  connate, ventri-
 cose.

     Leaves  glabrous, ab-
 ruptly  pinnate,  leaflets
 oval  lanceolate ;  rachis
 winged; fruit spherical

27*. 
ENNEANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.           461
  A small tree, 20—30 feet high,  the branches glabrous, somewhat
geniculate,  Leaves composed of 4 pair of leaflets without an odd one$
the leaflets 0'>t opposite, falcate, oblique, entile.  Common petiole
6—10 inches long, terete, glabrous, slightly furrowed,  not winged.
Flowers in terminal panicles. Leaves of the calyx unequal (2 larger),
slightly fringed.   CoroUa 4—6 prtailed ;  petals lanceolate, white ;
a cluster of hairs  near the base of each seems to supply the place of
the nectary.  Filaments 6—8, hairy near the base, as long as the co-
rolla.   Germ 3 nngled.  Styles united, nearly conical.  Stigmas ob-
tuse, simple. The base of the germ is surrounded by a yellow, glan-
dular  ring, in which the stamens and petals are inserted.  Capsules
3, united, ventricose, glabrous, of which 1 or 2 ace frequently abor-
tive.  Seed one in each capsule.
  This plant appears to differ in several respects from the S. sapona-
ria, as describee! in the Species Plantarum.
  Grows 4 miles below Savannah, and is said to be found along the
$ea coast of Georgia.
CLASS  IX,
 ENNEANDRIA.
    MONOGYMA.

259. LAURUS.
260. ERIOGONITM.
  TRIGYNIA,

261. PLEEA.
LAURUS.  Gen.  pl. 688.
   Calyx 0.   Corolla  ca-
lycina 4—6 partita.  \ ec-
tarium glandulis 3, bise-
tis, ovarium cingentibus.
Filamenta interiora glan-
dulifera.   Dmpa l sper-
ma.
   * Foliis perennantibus.
1. Carolines sis.   Mich.
  Calyx o.  Corolla resem-
 bling a calyx, 4—6 parted.
 Nectary with 3 two-awn-
 ed  glands  surrounding
 the genu.   The interior
filaments bearing glands.
 Drupe l seeded.
  * Leaves perennial.
   L. foliis ovali-lanceola-
tis, coriaceis, subtus glau-
  Leaves oval lanceolate,
coriaceous, glaucous un- 
46®         ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
cis;  pedunculis simplici-
bus,  fasciculo  paucifloro
terminatis ; corollse  laci-
niis  exterioribus  duplo
brevioribus.  Mich.  1. p.
245.
derneath; peduncles sim-
ple,  terminated  with  a
few-flowered faseicle; ex-
terior segments of the co-
rolla half as long as the
interior.
   Pursh, 1. p. 276.
   Laurus Borbonia, Sp. pl. 2. p. 481.  Walt. p. 133.

  In favourable soils this species of Laurel becomes a handsome tree,
50 feet high, with a diameter of 18 or 20 inches.  It is however more
commonly a shrub.   Leaves entire, rigid, glossy.  Flowers in small
clusters, pale vellow, polygamous. Drupe dark blue, on a thick, red
peduncle.
  There are two very distinct  varieties of this plant, one, growing
in the richest hammock lands, where it is known as the Red Bay, and
is supposed to indicate a strong soil, is distinguished by  is  deep
green, almost  glabrous  leaves, and its wood, which is equal to plain
mahogany ;—the other, which is generally a shrub, growing in  pine
barren swamps, and forming almost exclusively the growth in what are
called " bays" and  " bay galls;" has its leaves narrower, pubescent
underneath, and of  a pale green colour. Both are very aromatic, and
are eaten by cattle in the winter season.
  Flowers May—Juno.
   2. Catesbyana.   Mich.
   L. foliis perennantibus, |   Leaves perennial, broad
lato-lanceolalis, ramulis- j  lanceolate, and  with the
que  glabris ;   paniculis j  branches  glabrous ; pan-
breviuscule   peduncula- j  icles on short peduncles;
tis;  corollse  laciniis  ob- |  segments of the corolla
longis, obtusis,  subsequal- |  oblong, obtuse, nearly  e-
ibus, deciduis.   Mich.  1. |  qual, deciduous.
p. 244.                    j
   Pursh, 1. p. 275.
  A shrub 6—9 feet high.   Corolla white, and somewhat rotate.
Perfect stamens 6.  Nectary 3 cleft.  Berry ovate, black.  Mich.
  Grows on the sea coast of Georgia and Florida: Pursh.   In  the1
Southern part of Florida -} Mich.
  Flowers 
ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
462
   ** Foliis deciduis, flo-
     ribus dioicis.
   3.  Benzoin.
   L.  foliis obovato-lance-
olatis, subtus  pubescenti-
bus;  floiibus glomerato-
umbcllatis  ; gemmis ped-
icellisque glabris.
   Sp.pl. 2. p. 485.  Walt.p  133.
                          P
   **  Leaves  deciduous?
     flowers dioicous.

   Leaves obovate lance-
olate,  pubescent  under-
neath ;  flowers in   clus-
tered umbels; buds  and
pedicels glabrous.
Pursh, 1. p. 276.
   L. Pseudo-Benzoin, Mich. 1. p. 243.
  A shrub 4 -10 feet high, branches virgate.  Leaves cuneate at base,'
of a glaucous or rather whitish hue underneath. Pedicels short.  Flow-
ers pale yellow.  Urupes red.
  Grows along the margins of rivulets.
  Flowers March.                              Spice-wood;
   4.  Geniculatv.   Walt.
   L. foliis parvulis, ovali-
bus, Isevibus; floribus um-
bellatis; caule dichotomo,
flexuoso.
   Walt. p. 133.   Mich. 1. p. 244
     Leaves  small, oval,
smooth ; flowers in um-
bels ;  stem dichotomous^
flexuous.
 Pursh, 1. p. 276.
  A small tree, 10 — 15 feet high, very much branched, with the
branches bent and angled in a singular manner, and with much regu*
larity.  Leaves small, obtuse, smootli, the young ones a little  pubes-
cent near the base.  Each bud generally 3 flowered. Flowers yellow.
Drupes red.
  Giows around ponds, and  in shallow water.
  Flowers February—March.                     Pond-spice:
   5. 7ESTIVALI9.
   L.  foliis venosis,  ob-
longis, acuminatis,  annu-
ls, subtus rugosis ;  ramis
supra axillaribus.  Sp. pl.
2. p. 484.
  I have inserted this species from Linneeus, although it is said to be
a native of V irginia, merely to recal to it the attention of our botanists.
Late writers refer this plant to the L. geniculata, but to that species
the description of Linnaeus bears no resemolance.   To the L,. melis*
   Leaves veined, oblong,"
acuminate, annual, rugose
underneath; branches ax-
illary above. 
464
ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
ssefolia its affinity is much greater; but it is probably a species at
present unknown.  The description of Gronovius, however, applies to
the L. geniculata.
  Grows along the margins of rivulets.
  Flowers
6. Mellssjefolia.   Walt.
floribus glo-
gem-
   Leaves cordate lanceo-
late,   veined,   pubescent
underneath ;  flowers  in
clustered umbels ;  buds
and pedicels villous.
   L. foliis cordato-lance
olatis, venosis, subtus pu
bescentibus;
merato-umbellatis;
mis pedicellisque villosis.
Walt. p. 134.
   L. diospyroides, Mich. 1. p. 244.
   L. Diospyrus, Pursh, 1. p. 276.
  A small  shrub, 2—3 feet high.  Root creeping.
veined, somewhat rugose,  pubescent.   Buds sess-ile,
Flowers yellow.  Drupe red
  Grows around the  edges of ponds, particularly  those that are fie
quently dried up.
  Flowers  February—March.
Leaves  strongly
      flowered.
   7. Sassafras.
   L. foliis integris  loba-
tisque.   Sp. pl. 2. p. 484.
   Walt. p. 134.  Mich. 1. p. 244.
   Leaves  entire and lo-
bed.
 Pursh, 1. p. 277.
  A small tree, 15—25 feet high, frequently only a shrub.  Leaves
various,  entire, lanceolate, ovate, sometimes 2 or 3 lobed, somewhat
rugose, glabrous or pubescent.  Flowers in umbels, yellow.  Buds
pedicellate.   Stamens of the sterile flower ft.  Anthers yellow,  2
lobed, each lobe 2 celled ; 6 orange-coloured glands, nearly reniform,
fixed round the base of the 3 interior filaments.  Stamens of the fer-
tile flower 6, short, imperfect.  Germ superior, ovate.  Style filiform,
Stigma capitate, depressed.  Drupe blue.
  Grows in light soils.   Very common along fences, and around old
fields.
  Flowers March—and, like all the species in this section, produces
its flowers before the leaves unfold.                  Sassafras*.
   Involucrum campanu-
latum, multiflorum.   Ca-
lyx  sufocampanulatus,  6-
ERIOGONUM.   Mich.

                 Involucrum  campanu-
              late, many flowered.  Ca-
              lyx somewhat campanu- 
ENNEANDRIA  TRIGYNIA.           465
fldus.   Corolla 0.    Se-
men  i, triquetrum, calyce
tectum.
1. Tomentosum.   Mich.
late,  f» cleft.   Corolla 0.
Seed l,  3-angled, clothed
with  the calyx.
 E. foliis ovalibus, basi cu-
neatis, supra glabris, sub-
tus albo-tomentosis, cau-
linis  ternis quaternisve;
florum fasciculis axillari-
bus, solitariis, sessilibus.
                               Leaves oval, cuneate at
                             base, glabrous on the up-
                             per surface, clothed  with
                             a white down on the un-
                             der,  stem  leaves  by  3s
                             or 4s ; clusters of flowers
                             axillary, solitary, sessile.
   Mich. 1. p. 246.  Push, 1. p. 277.
  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, about 2 feet high, branching,
and somewhat dichotomous.  Leaves at each division of the stem 3,
sometimes 4, lanceolate, sessile, at the root oblong, tapering  at base,
all clothed on the under surface, together with the stem, involucrum
and calyx, with a  close, white tomentum or down. Stamens longer
than the calyx.  Germ  superior, 3 angled.   Style very short.  Stig-
mas 3, simple.  Seed acutely 3 angled, clothed with  the persistent
calyx.  Mich.
  Grows on the highest sand hills in the middle country of Georgia
and Carolina.    • 9
  Flowers through tlie summer.


                      TRIGYNIA.
                      'Wt'VV\'VV\<VV\W\<W%
 Mich.
   Corolla  6 parted, ex-
panding.   Capsule supe-
rior, 3  angled,  3  celled.
Seeds  numerous, oblong,
attached to the margin of
the valves.
                   PLEEA.

   Corolla  6-partita,  pa-
tens.  Capsula supera, tri-
gona, trilocularis.   Semi-
na  numerosa,  oblonga,
margini  valvulorum  ad-
nata.
   1.  Tenuifolia.   Mich.
   Mich. 1. p. 248.  Pursh, 1. p. 278.
  Root perennial, fibrous or a little tuberous. Leaves very narrow,
ensiform, like the whole plant glabrous.  Stem leafy, 1—2 feet high.
Flowers in a terminal spike.   Sheaths alternate, acute, one flowered.
Segments of the corolla lanceolate, acute, of a yellowish red colour.
Stamens as long as the corolla.  Seeds terete, slightly bowed, attached
by a small stipes to the margin of the valves.
  Grows in the open bogs, in lower Carolina; Michi  Near Wi£
mington, North-Carolina j  M. Nuttah
                        L3 
46ft
CLASS  Xo
 DECANDRIA.
JKOJWGVmA,
362. B\PTISIA.
263. CKRCIS.
264 CASSIA.
265. MELI\.
266. TRIBUUTS.
267 VI ON OT UO PA*
£68. DIOV.EA.
269 JUSSlEUA.
270 KALM1\.
271. LE10PHYLLUM.
872. RHODODENDRON..
273. ANDROMEDA.
274 VACCINIUM.
275. EPIGdSA.
276. GUTLTHERIA,
277. CLETHRA.
278. PYROLA.
279. CH1V1 \PHILA.
280. STYRAX.
281. HALESIA.
882. MYLOCARIUM*

    DIGYNIA.

283. HYDRANGEA.
884. CHRYSOSPLENIUM.
2 5. SVX1FRAGA.
286. TIAREIJ.A.
287. SAPONARIA.

    TRIG Y. VIA.

288. ClTTB\LUa
>
/
289. SiLENE.
290 STRLLARIA.
291. \ REN ARIA.
292. BRUNNl  HI A,

   TETRAGY.XIA.

293. MICROPETALUM.*

  PENPJGYMA,

294 SPERGf'LV.
 . 295 ( ERAS1TUM.
0 296. OSATIS.
/
297. P E NT HO RUM,.
298. SEDUM.

   DECAGYVIA.

299. PHYTOLACCA,
BAPTISIA.  Ventenat.
  Calyx semi-4—5-fidus,
bilahiatus.   Corolla pap-
ilionacea,  petalis  longi
tudinc subaequalibus: vex-
ill urn  lateribus reflexis.
Stamina  decidua.    le-
gWHen ventricosum. ped-
iccllaLUiiij  polyspernium.
   Calyx 4—5 cleft, bila-
biate.  CoroUa papiliona-
ceous, wiih the petals e-
qual in length ; vexiMum
with the  sides  reflected.
Stamens deci  'uous.  Le-
gume ventricose, pedicel-
ied, many seeded. 
            DECANDRTA MOKOGYNIAV           W?

1. "Perfoliata.
                             Very glabrous; leaves
                           perfoliate,  oval,  entire,
                           glaucous;  flowers  axil-
                           lary, solitary.
 B. glaberrima; foliis per-
foliatis, ovalihux,  integer-
rimis.  glaucis ;   floribus
axillaribus. solitariis.    E.
Rafuia perfoliate, Sp. pl. 3. p. 949.
Sophora perfoliata, Walt. p. 135.
P.idalvria perfoliata, Mich  1. p. 263.  Pursh, 1. p.SOf
  Grows in the dry sand hills.  Its uncommon foliage renders it aa
Wtriv-ting and ornamental plant.
  Flo u vi> May—Ju ly.
   Pubeseen^; leaves ter-
nate, cuneate lanceolate,
obtuse ;  flowers axillary,
    2.  Lanceolata.   Walt.
    B pubescens; foliist.-r-
 natis. cuneato-lanceolatis,
 obtusis ;  floribus axillaii-

 Ijus.  solitariis, terminali-  ' solitary, the terminal ones
 bus racemosis    E.        , forming racemes.
    Sophora lanceolata, Walt p. 135.
    Podalyria uuillora, Mich. 1. p. 263.  Pursh, 1. p. 307.

  Stem herbaceous, 2  3 feet high, geniculate, and branching. Leaves
 on  very short  petioles, entire, emarginate.   stipules very  minute.
 Flowers of an obscure yellow, solitary, axillarv, hut at the extremity
 of the old branches frequeiitlv forming terminal racemes ; the vex-
 ilium deeply emargiuafe and ratMer shorter tlian the other petals.
  Grows it 1  dry,sandy soils.  Common in the middle districts of ca»
iEolina and Georgia
  Flowers April—Ma v.


   3. TlNCTORlA.
    B. glaberrima ;  foliis |    Very glabrous ; leaves
ternatis,  obovatis, apice j ternate, obovate, rounded
 rotundatis. subsessilibus; | at the summit, nearly  ses-
racemis terminalibus; flo- J sile ;  racemes terminal;
ribus luteis.    E.           j flowers yellow.
   Sophora tinctoria,  Walt, p 134.
   Podalyria tinctoria, Sp. pl. 2. p. 503.   Mich. 1. p. 2€S,   Purfijfc 
 46&          ©E€ANDRIA  MON©tfYNlA«
   Stem herbaceous, 1—2 feet high, very much  branched.   Leaves
 gmall, cuneate at base.  Flowers small, in terminal racemes, yellow.
 Legume on a long stipes.
   Grows in very dry soils.
   Flowers June—August.                       Wild Indigo.

   4. AuSTRALIS.
   B. foliis ternatis, folio- f   Leaves ternate, leaflets
 lis oblongo-cuneatis,  ob- j oblong,   wedge  shaped,
 tusis; stipulis lanceolatis, | obtuse ;  stipules  lanceo-
 petiolo duplo longioribus; | late, twice  as long as the
 racemis  elongatis ; legu- j petiole;  racemes  long;
 minibus  acuminatis.       j legume  acuminate.
   Podalyria australis,  Sp. pl. 2. p. 503.
   Podalyria ccerulea, Mich. 1. p. 264.  Pursh, 1. p. 307.
  Stem herbaceous, often decumbent.  Leaves glabrous, on very short
petioles.  Flowers blue.
  Grows along the margins of rivulets, particularly in the western
districts ot Carolina.  Pursh.
  Flowers June—July.

   5. Villosa.   Walt.
   B. foliis ternatis,  Ian- |   Leaves  ternate, lance-
ceolatis,  pubescentibus ;  I  olate,  pubescent  ;   stem
caule  calycibusque villo-  ]  and calyx  villous ;  sti-
sis; stipulis linearibus; ra- | pules linear; racemes ter-
cemis  terminalibus;  flo- | minal; flowers grey.
ribus griseis.
   Sophora villosa, Walt. p. 134.
   Podalyria villosa, Mich.  1. p. 264.   Pursh, 1. p. 307.
  Leaves nearly sessile, oval oblong, obtuse, pubescent on the  under
surface and along the margins.  Calyx 4 cleft. Corolla yellow.  Mich.
  It is not improbable that Michaux has described, under this name,
a different species  from that of Walter.  This  genus  will probably
yet be much enlarged.
  Grows in the middle and upper districts of Carolina.
  Flowers June—July.

   6. Alba.
   B.  ramis divaricatis ;        Branches divaricate ;
foliis  ternatis, petiolatis,    leaves ternate, petiolate,
 foliolis cuneato-lanoeola-    leaflets lanceolate, wedge 
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
469
tis,  obtusis,  mucronatis,
glabris ;  stipulis subula-
tis,  petiolo  brevioribus  ;
racemis terminalibus; flo-
ribus  albis.
shaped  at  base, obtuse,
mucronate,glabrous; sti-
pules  subulate,  shorter
than the petiole; racemes
terminal; flowers white.
    Podalyria alba, ^p. pl. 2. p. 503. Mich. 1. p. 264.  Pursh, 1. p. 308.
    Sophora alba, Walt. p. 134.

   Root perennial, composed of thick, fleshy fibres.  Stem generally
 simple, 1 —2 feet high ; branches near the summit flexuous. expanding,
 glabrous,  blowers in lonu; (1—2 feet; terminal racemes ; the common
 peduncles, like the branches, dark purple.  Bractea a subulate leaf at
 the base of each  flower, longer than the  peduncle and flower, and
 falling before its, expansion.   Calyx 4 cleft, the upper segments emar-
 ginate.  Stamens unequal, distinct, shorter than the petals.   Capsule^
 inflated, cylindrical.  Seeds very small.
   Grows in damp, strong soils.
   Flowers March—April.


   7. Bracteata.   Muhl. Cat.
   B.  pubescens ;   ramis  |     Pubescent ;  branches
 divaricatis ; foliis ternatis,  | divaricate  ;   leaves  ter-
 petiolatis ; foliolis lanceo-  | nate,  petiolate ;  leaflets
 latis;  racemis axillaribus,  j  lanceolate  ;  racemes ax-
 reclinatis; bracteis majus-  |  illary, reclined ;  bracteas
 culis,  lato-subulatis,  per-  |  large, wide subulate, per-
 sistentibus.  E.            |  sistent.
   Stem  1—2 feet high, branching from the base ; branches nearly ho-
 rizontal. Leaves large, lanceolate, rather obtuse,  on  petioles half an
 inch long.  Stipules longer than the petioles. The racemes general-
 ly proceed  from the under side of the  branches, and bend  to the
 earth, so that they are frequently not seen unless the branches are
 raised up.   Bracteas an inch long, and nearly as  wide at base, per-
 sistent,  giving the  racemes a leafy appearance.  Flowers grey, larger
 than those of any other species which I have  seen.
  Grows in dry, rich soils, near W rightsborough, Columbia county,
 Georgia.
  Flowers April.
  These plants, as far as they were known, were formerly comprised
 by Linnaeus in the large and miscellaneous genus Sophora, in which
 at first he placed nearly all the plants known to him, which, with pap-
 ilionaceous  flowers, had ten distinct stamens.  As tlie species multi-
 plied,  and were accurately examined, it was found necessary to subdi-
 vide the genus, and our plants were thrown, with a number of species
from the Cape of Good  Hope, into the genus Podalyria.  Recently 
470           THBCANDRTA  MONOGYNIA.
however, and I think with propriety, the genus Baptisia has been *•*-.
tabli-hed for the North American s, ecies. wl-ich now  fori:*, perhaps
With the exception of the B. perfoliata, a very natural family.
CERCIS.  Gen.  pl. 096.
                                 Calyx 5  toothed, gib-
                              bous at base.  Corolla \)v.-
                              pilionaccous, with a short
                              vexiJluin under the wings.
                              Seed  vessel   a  legume.
                              (Leaves simple.)


                                 Leaves nearly  round,
                              cordate,  acuminate, vil-
                              lous at the  axils of the)
                              nerves; legumes on short
                              footstalks.
                              Pui-sh, 1. p. 308.

  A small tree, 15 to 30 feet high, brandies slightly geniculate, bark
Smooth, of a light grey colour.  Leaves; deciduous, entire,  blotters in
small axillary racemes, 1 or 2 of which are produced from each bud,
bearing G—8 flowers   Caly.v pubescent at the margin.  Corolla of a
bright rose colour, the vexillum very small within the  winjts, the keel
composed  of 2 petals larger than the other part* of the flower and
which cohere  when  voung.  Stamens  unequal (5 alternately long),
shorter than the coiolla.  A'ectary? a small linear gland  at the base
©f the germ.   Legumes compressed, many seeded.
  This tree produces its flowers in great profusion before the leaves
are unfolded, and, from the brightness of their coiour, is one of the
most ornamental trees in our forests.   When the leading shoot is cut
down it becomes shrubby, producing many suckers from the roots.
  Grows in rich, light soils
  Flower* in the beginning of March.


               CASSIA.   Gen. pl. 700.
   Calyx  5-dentatus,  in-
fe rue gibhus.  Corolla pa-
pisionacca. vexillo sub alls
brevi.  Ijgumen.  (Folia
simplicia.j

   1. Canadensis.
  C. foliis subrotundo-cor-
datis, acuminatis, ad axil-
las nervorum villosis; le-
guminibus bievi stipitatis.
Mich. i. p. 265.
   Sp. pl. 2.p. 508.  Walt. p. 135.
   Calyx 5-phyllus.   Pe-
tala 5.   Anlherce supre-
me   3  steriles,  infimse
3 rostratse    / .egumen su-
peruirij a-valve,
   Calyx  5 leaved.   Pe<*
trU 5.   The  $ upper an-
thers steiile,  the 3 lower
beaked.   Lrgume supe-
rior, 2  valved. 
DECANORIA MONOGVN!A«
4? I
   1. TORA.
   C.  glabra; foliis 3 ju-
gis. nbova;is. ciliatis, exte
rioribus  majoribus, glan-
dula  subulata  inter  in-
feiiora;  pedunculis pall-
et »ris axillaribus; legu-
minibus  arcuads.   E.
  . Sp pl. 2. p. 515.  Walt. p. 133
   Glabrous ;  leaves in 3
pair, obovate. ciliate, the
terminal ones the largest,
a subulate gland between
the  lower  pair ; pedun-
cles few flowered, axilla-
ry ; legumes curved.
 Pursh, I. p. 305.
• Annual.  Stem 3 feet high, branching, a little rough, and sprinkled
with hair near the summit.  Leaves glabrous, slightly mucronate, un-
ev"al at hase, the lower pair nearly round, the upper somewhat spathu-
late   Gla.id pedicellate,  orange-coloured.   Stipules  ensiform, ciK-
ate.  Leaves of tiie  caly.r obtuse. 5 nerved, ciliate.  Petals obovate,
unequal, emarginate, 3 nerved, yellow.  Stamens A—3 long, 4—6 of
an intermediate size, all much shorter than the corolla. Anthers erect,
4 angled, of an olive colour, opening at the summit through a long
contracted mouth.   Genu  linear, declining.   Style very short.  Stig-
ma  obtuse.   Legume about 6 inches long, when young square, when
mature terete, curved.  Seeds numerous, reniform. obliquely truncate.
  I have never seen the variety  vwth straight le-umes, aud cannot
therefore  determine whether this will lorm a distinct species.
  Grows about buildings, and in dry, cultivated soils.  Common."
  Flowers August —October.
   2. OCC! 11 EN TALIS.
   C. glabra:  foliis  5-ju-
gis, ovato-lanceolatis,  a-
cumiuatis,  murgme  sca-
bris ;  pedunculis  fascicu-
latis. paucifloris,  axillari-
bus :  leguminibus   com-
pressis, falcatis.   E.
   Glabrous ; leaves in 5
pair, ovate  lanceolate, a-
cuminate, scabrous along
the  edges  ;    peduncles
clustered,  few  flowered,
axillarv;  legumes  com-
pressed, falcate.
   Sp. pl. 2. p  518,  Mich. l.p. 261.  Pursh, 1. p. 305.
   Cassia Caroliniana? Walt. p. 135.

  Root annual.   Sfem 4—6 feet high, rarely branched, slightlygen-.
icnlate towards the summit.  Lfrtiv.s sometime-, though  not ol?enfl
with six pair of leaflets, rarely  if' ever 3;  leaflets slightly  serrulate,
unequal  at base, the upper one  the  largest.  Gland, near the base of
the  common petiole, globular.   Stip:ks lanceolate, acuminate, ob-
lique at  base, deciduous.   Flowers on small racemes, 1—4 in each
axil : the racemes 3—<i  flowered.  Bractea at the oa>e of each flower
cordate ovate, acuminate, spotted, caducous.  Petals yellow, without 
478
DE6ANDR1A  MONOGYNIA.
spots at base.  Stamens 6 fertile, 4 sterile.  Germ pubescent.  Le-
gume coriaceous, many seeded (30—50). Seeds nearly oval,  com-
pressed.
  This plant has very rarely 3 pair of leaflets on each leaf, yet I know
of no other species to which the C. Caroliniana of Walter can be re-
ferred.
  Grows around buildings.  Very common.
Flowers July—October.
   3.  Linearis.   Mich.
   C  glabra ; foliis 5—6-
jugis, ovatis, acutis ; pe-
dunculis axillaribus, pau-
cifloris ; legu minibus  te-
retibus.
E.
Styptic-weed.
   Glabrous; leaves in 5
or  6  pair,  ovate, acute ;
peduncles  axillary,  few
flowered ;  legumes   te-
rete.
Mich. 1. p. 261.  Pursh, 1. p. 306.
  Very similar in habit aud appearance to the preceding species.
Leaves rather smaller, acute rather than acuminate, with a gland at
the very base of the petiole.  Racemes axillary, few flowered (2—4).
Legumes terete, somewhat curved, many seeded.
  Michaux' name for this species is certainly not appropriate; its
terete legume is its only valid character, and would have supplied ag
Unexceptionable name.
  Grows in Carolina; Mich.  I have only seen this plant in Michaux'
old garden, near Charleston, and know not where he first discovered
it.
  Flowers August—October.
   4.  LlGUSTRiNA.
   C. pubescens ;  foliis 7-
jugis, lanceolatis, extimis
minoribus ;   pedunculis
terminalibus,  subpanicu-
latis; leguminibus oblon-
gis, subfalcatis.  Pursh, l.
p. 306.
  ' Sp. pl. 2. p. 523.
  Leaves glabrous, hairy along the margin.  Gland at the base of thr
petiole. Linn.
  Grows in cultivated ground, from Virginia to Georgia.
  Flowers July—August.
   Pubescent;  leaves  in
7  pair   lanceolate,  the
exterior one smallest; pe-
duncles  terminal,  some-
what paniculate; legumes
oblong, slightly falcate. 
wECANDRTA MONOGYNIA*
478
   5. Marilanuica.
  C. glabriuscula: foliis 8-
jngis, oblongo-lanceolatis,
mucronatis;  racemis ax-
illaribus,  multifloris ;  le-
gu minibus linearibus, ar-
cuatis.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 524  Walt. p. 13;
  Stem sprinkled with hair.   Leaves all nearly equal.  Gland obo-
vate, near the base of the petiole. Racemes axillary, but, as in the three
preceding species, appearing  paniculate at the  summit of the stem.
Anthers dark brown.
  Grows in gravelly soils, along the banks of rivers.  Pursh.
  Flowers June—August.
 Nearly glabrous: leaves
in 8 pair, oblong  lanceo-
late, mucronate; racemes
axillary,  many floweied;
legumes  linear, curved.

Mich. l.p. 261.  Pursh, l.p. 306.
   6.  Cham^crista.
   C. foliis multijugis, li-
nearibus, glabris; gemmis
paucifloris (l—s), supra
axillaribus ;  petalis  duo-
bus maculatis;  iegumini-
bus villosis.   E.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 528.  Walt. p. 136.
                                Leaves in many  pairs,
                             linear, glabrous; buds&w
                             flowered  (t—2),  above
                             the axils ;  2 petals  spot-
                             ted ;  legumes  villous.


                             Mich. 1. p. 262. Pursh, 1. p. S06.
 Annual. Stem 1—2 feet high, erectand procumbent, with the branches
divaricate, hirsute and  scabrous.  Leaves in 10—15  pair, oblique,
oval, but very narrow,  mucronate, slightly serrulate, and glaucous
anderneath, the veins pellucid ; petiole hirsute, with  a pedicellate
cup-shaped gland below the lowest pair of leaflets. Stipuks subulate,
ciliate.  Petals yellow, 2 sometimes 3 spotted at base with purple.
Stamens 10, all fertile. Anthers 4 vellow, 6 purple.  Legumes linear
very villous.
  Grows in sandy soils; very generally diffused over tlie country.
  Flowers August—September.
7. Fasciculata.   Mich.
   C. glabriuscula ; foliis
multijugis ; fasciculis lat-
eralibus, multifloris ;  pe-
talis  staminibusque  con-
coloribus ;  leguminibus
          Mich. l.p. 262.
   Pursh, 1. p. 306.
                        M0
glabris.
 Nearly glabrous; leaves
in many pairs ;   fascicles
lateral, many flowered ;
petals  and  stamens  of
one colour; legumes gla-
brous. 
474          DEC\NT»niA  MONOOYNTAi
  Leaves in many pairs, the upper  are generally in  9 pair.  The
gland, near the middle of the petiole, sessile   i'ornlla sioaHer than
that of the C. chamsecrista. yellow.  Legumes curved.  Mich.
  Grows in dry cultivated land.
  Flowers June—August.
   8. NlCTITANS.
    C.  pubescens;  foliis
multijugis, linearibus; pe-
dunculis fasciculatis, pau-
cifloris, supra axillaribus;
floribus  pentandris; sta-
minibus  sequalibus.   E.
   Pubescent :  leaves in
many  pairs, linear; pe-
duncles   clustered,   few
flowered, above the axils;
flowers pentandrous; sta-
mens equal
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 529.  Walt. p. 135.  Mich. I. p. 262. Pursh, 1. p. 307.

  Annual.   Stem 1—2 feet hiph, erect  and  procumbent, becoming
glai<roux when  old ;  branches expanding.  Leaves in many  pairs
(16  20), mucronate, gibbous at base.   Gland below the lowest
pair  of  leaves,  turbinate,  rather large, truncate at  the summit.
Peduncles generally 3 flowered, sometimes very near the axils   Pe-
tals unequal, yellow, the exteiior one much larger than the others.
Filaments short.  Anthers purple.  Legumes oblong, compressed, vil-
lous.
  Grows in great profusion in old dry  pastures.  Common  in all
sandy snils.
  Flowers August—October,
9.  Asi'era.   Muhl. Cat.
   C. stiigosa, aspera ;  fo-
liis multijugis. lineari-lan-
ceolans, ciliatis ;  pedun-
culis  paucifloris.  supra
axillaribus; floribus 7-9-
andris ;  staminibus  tri-
bus longioribus.   E.
  Slrigose, rough ;  leaves
in many pair**, 'inear lan-
ceolate,  ciliate ;  pedun-
cles few flowered, above
the  axils;   flowers  with
7—9  stamens, 3  longer
than  the rest.
  Annual.  Stem 1—3 feet high, hispid and rough ; branches gene-
rally erect  Leaves in many pairs (241 ; leaflets fringed, particular-
ly on one margin.  Gland below the lowest pair of leaves, turbinate,
concave at tlie summit. ■ Peduncles generally 3 flowered. Stamens ir-
regular, 3 always longer than the rest, the remainder (most frequent-
ly (>) unequal.  Anthers unequal, yellow.elegantly marked a»<>'.  'he
^ides and around the moutii, with a purple line.  Legume compressed, 
DECANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.             475'
wbtuse, mucronate,  marked with transverse purple bands between the
seeds, generally containing 6 seeds.
  Verv  similar  in habit and appearance to the  C. nirtitans, with
which it grows on the sea islands, and with which it has hitherto been
conf^'iiuled.  On Rding's island near Beaufort, common.
  Flowers August—October.
MELIA.   Gen.  pl. 724?.
   Calyx 5-dentatus.  Pe-
tala 5.  Neeta riu m c v I i n-
d rare um, dentation, fauce
antheras gerens.   Uvupa
mice  quinqueloculari.
   Calyx 5 toothed.  Pe-
tals 5.  Nectary cylindri-
cal, toothed,  bearing the
antliers   in   the   throat.
Drupe  with  a  5   celled
nut.
  Leaves bipinnate; leaf-
lets smooth, ovate, tooth-
ed.
   1.  A.ZUUARACH. .  •
   M  fob is bi pinnatis; fo-
liolis  Itevibus, ovatis. den-
tatis.    Pers. l. p. 4j{39.
   Sp. pl. -I. p.  558.
  A  tree 30—40 feet high, and in favourable soils  sometimes more
than  3  feet in diameter, with  branches  clustered at irregular inter-
vals.   Leaves deciduous, doubly pinnate ; leaflets of a dee!) green co-
lour, dentate, acuminate,  glabrous.  Flowers  in clustered axillary
panicles at the summit of the branches, of a lilac colour, and remarka-
ble in their structure  for their curious nectary.   Stamens very short.
Drupe containing a nut obtusely angular, and enveloped in a soft, yel-
lowish  pulp.
  This tree, a native  of Persia, is now  perfectly naturalized  in  our
country, spriwging from seed ia cultivated land and  around  enclo-
sures with more freedom tlian most of our native trees.  It is nuw
generally cultivated around buildings and  in yards, and in manv re-
spects  merits this preference.  It grows more rapidly than any ot er
tree  with  which we  are acquainted, forms a fine shade, retains  t:ie
beautiful verdure  of its leaves until late  in the autumn, and is so
noxious to insects  in  general,  that  it escapes  almost entirely their
ravages.   Within  a few years past, however, a species of coccus has
been found in the autumn  to destroy the leaves of this  tree, in the
central part of Charleston.   Its flowers are ornamental and fra. rant.
Its timber is said to be. durable, and, as  its colour is good, it has been
recommended for  cabinet-maker's work; but the  grain is too  ciarse
for fine and ornamental furniture.  Its greatest disadvantage is the
facility with which it is blown  do • n by high winds: but a-  a com-
pen .ati >•>. it beat> traM.-v-lanthg even when old, takes root almost
with  tiie facility of an herbaceous plant, and  appears to suffer no in- 
4*6
DECANORIA MONOGYNIA.
iurv from having its branches lopped off close  to  the trunk  eyerr
ie ond year, if necessary, bv which means the head  can be restrained
within proper bounds,  The branches make excellent fuel.  The fruit
('•berries" as they are improperly called) is eaten by domestic animals
a .d birds with impunity, and is a favourite food  of the Turdus migra-

  Grows in most soils, preferring those which are light.   The largest
trees that I have seen grow in the  streets of the city of Savannah.
In poor, sandy soils it would be difficult to  find a substitute for this
tree.
  Flowers April             Pride of America—Pride of India.
  The bark of the root is considered to be a good vermifuge.  Twen-
ly grains of the powdered bark, or four ounces  of a saturated decoc-
tion are the usual doses given to a child of 7  years old.  It is in some
measure narcotic, and requires the aid  of some cathartic to carry it
through the bowels.

              THIBULUS.    Gen. tl. 733.
   Calyx 5 parted.    Pe*
tals 5, expanding.   Style-
0.   Capsules  5,  gibbous,
commonly  spiny,  many
seeded.
   Leaves  generally in 4
pair, the exterior ones lar.
gest; pericarps  ten seed*
ed, not spiny,
   Calyx 5 partitus    Pe-
tala 5, patentia.  Stylus o.
Capsula?  5,   gibbse,  ple-
rumque   spinosse,  poly-

spermy.
   i.  Maxim us ?
   T.  foliis subquadriju-
gis,  exterioribus  majori-
bus  ;   pericarpiis   decas-
permis,  muticis    Sp. pl.
2. p.  566.
   Tribulus terrestris,  Muhl. Cat.
  A  small, prostrate plant.  Stem pubescent, branching, 1—2 feet
long.   Leaves pinnate, generally with 3, sometimes  »vith 4 pair ot
leaflets ; leaflets  unequal, oval, slightly falcate, mucronate, a little
hairy, and dotted with crescent shaped dots, the exterior  leaflets al-
ways the largest.  Stipules subulate, villous.  Flowers axillary, soli-
tary, on peduncles about an inch long, erect when expauded, after-
wards nodding.   Calyx persistent.  Petals obovate, longer than the
calyx, marcescent, yellow.  Stamens unequal, shorter than the corol-
la, inserted into the base of the germ.   Germ superior, slightly furrow-
ed.  Style? longer than the stamens, conical, furrowed.   Stigma
capitate.   Capsules 10 celled, resembling 10 capsules united, gibbo.is
at ba e, roughened with tubercles, and pointed with the obtuse styles.
Seed  one in each cell, obovate, compressed, acute at base.  '
  Grows m the streets  of the city of Savannah.  First noticed by the
late Dr. BricLll.
  Flowers June—Septembtfr, 
DECANDR1A  MONOGYNIA.
47*
MONOTROPA.   Gen. tl.  737.
   Calyx 0    Petala  10,
hoi inn   5 exteriora  basi
excavata, mellifet a.  Cap-
sula   5-valvis,  polysper-
ma.
   i.  U  IF LOU A.
  M. senpo breviore, eras
so, unifloro ; squamis ap-
proximatis; flore cernuo.
Pursh, i. p. 303.
   Sp.pl. 2. p. 578.  Walt. p. 136.
                                  Calyx 0.   Petals  10*
                               of  which the 5 exterior
                               are excavated at base, and
                               melliferous.   Capsules  5
                               valved, many seeded.


                                  Scape  short,  thick,  l
                               flowered ; scales approx-
                               imate ;  flower cernuous.


                               Mich.  1. p. 266.

  Roots parasitic, growing from  the roots of trees.  Scape simple^
6—8 inches  high, terete, glabrous, succulent, white, generally clus-
tered.   Leaves merely scales, sessile, ovate, rather obtuse, white, the
upper ones longer, oval, and appearing  to clothe the base of the co-
rolla.  Flowers solitary, terminal, cernuous.  Petals 5? oblong, o-.
bovate, gibbous at base, pubescent on the inside particularly near the
base, and furnished with a melliferous pore.  Filaments  10, unequal,
shorter than  the corolla, pubescent at  base;  from the  base of the
shorter  filaments 2 subulate, horn-like  glands are  reflected into the
hollow at the base of the petals.  Anthers  reniform, 1 celled, furrow-
ed, opening at each extremity.  Nectary? one leaved, ventricose,
10 toothed, furrowed, clothing the germ, and forming finally the ex-
terior coat of the capsule ?  Germ superior, ventricose.  Style thick,
as long as the stamens.   Stigma large, concave, glutinous.  Capsule
5 angled, 5 celled.   Seeds very numerous, oblong, striate, attached to
a central receptacle.
  This plant differs so much in its corolla and nectary from the charr
acter of the genus in the Gen. Plant, taken from the M. Hypopithys,
that it will probably be correct to re-establish Dillenius's genus Hy-
popithys, to which perhaps all the many-flowered species will belong.
As this  is  the only species 1 have seen  in a living  state, I  leave to
others their final distribution,
  Grows in light, rich soils.
  Flowers October—November.
   2.  MORIBONIANA.   Midi
   M. scapo elongato, ree- I         Scape  long,   very
tissimo,  unifloro 5 squa- [  straight,  one  flowered 5
t 
478
DECANDRI*  MONOGYNIA.
mis  distantibus;  flore e-   scales  distant ;  flowers
recto.   Mich. 1.  p. 266.   erect.
   Pursh, I. p. 303.
  Flowers solitary, constantly erect.  Capsule globose.   Mich.
  Grows ill shady woods.  Carolina.  Mich.
  Flowers

   3   Lanuginosa.   Mieh.
   M.   scapo  spi  ifloro  ; |    Scape  bearing flowers
bracteis  floribusque   un- < in a spike  :  bracteas  and
dique lanuginosis.  Mich. . flowers hairy on all sides.
l. p. 26O.                   I
   Pursh, I. p. 303.
  Monotropa hypopithys, Walt. p. 136.

  Routs as in all the species, parasitic,  growing  from the roots  of
trees.  Stem 8—12 'niches high, simple, a little  hairy.   Leaves mere-
ly scales, membranaceous, ovate, obtuse, sessile, crowded at base, a
little hairy.  Flowers in a terminal spike, on short peduncles.   Brac-
teas resembling the scales   Petals oblong, erect.  Stamens. shorter
than the petals.   Whole plant of a light tan colour.
  Grows in shaded, rich soils, in  the  middle  and upper country of
Carolina and Georgia.   St. Stephens ; Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers

  Although not strictly within the  limits assigned to this work, I in-
sert the description of a new genus  ol  jlants  closely allied to tlie
Mciotropa, which has been politely communicated to me by the Rev.
Lewis de Schweinitz, of Salem, North-Carolina.
  I hope, however,  that instead  of the  compound name by which.
Mr. Schweinitz  has designated this genus, to which Botinical  critics
will object, the name of Schweinitzia may be given to it, to comaie-
morate the services  which  its discoverer is rendering the botany of
the United States ; services which  will soon be generally and  exten-
sively known.   And although  the attention ot Mr. ftchweinitz has
hitherto been principally directed to the  natural order of the Fungi,
yet no branch of our botany has escaped his notice, aud all will  be
enriched by his  researches.

            MONOTROPSIS.   Sciiweinitz.

Calyx 5-phyllus, marcidus; foliolis basi unguiculato-gibbosis, fornica-
    ti*. ovato-acuminatis, arete appressis corollee, quam  longitudine
    adsequant.
Corolla monophylla,  campanulata, carnosa (i. e. substantia? Vfonotro-
    pse),rubro-alba; limbo quinquefido.  albo,de num refi>x<>, laciniis
    ovato-acutis.  A I basin corolla; nectarium qtiinquefidum  inclu-
    eum corollam quasi gibbosam reddit 
                  DBCANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.           479

Stamina decern, arete insidentia inter nectaria termini;  filamenta
    carneo-rubra ; antherae lutese. clavato-.-ai catee.
PistiUum unicuin, ^ermine-quadrato aut potius pentaiona, sub forni-
    c.vto, glohoso insidens, stiuinate subgloboso vitreo, 5-valvi, apice
    poro natato ; stipite carnoso duro, stipulis carneis demum mar-
    cidis, brunneis obsito.

   1.  OlJO RATA.

  M. floribus campanulatis, in capitulo agrec;atis.  S.

  A  small  plant, 3—4 inches high, resembling entirely in habit the
rJuwotropa.  The flowers have the odour of the violet.  It crows in
rir!'. shaded lands, in Stokes county, North-Carolina, generally cov-
ered with leaves.  Flowers February and March.
DIOXiEA.    Gen. pl.  729.
   Calyx  5 leaved.    Pe-
tals 5.  Stigma fimbriate.
Capsule i celled, gibbous,
many seeded.
    Calyx 5-phyllus.   Pe
 tala 5.   Stigma  fimbria
 turn.   Capsula  l-locula
 ris. gibba, polysperma.

    1. Muscipcea.   Sp. pl. 2. p. 574.
    Walt. p. 144.   Mich.  1. p. 267.  Pursh, 1. p. 304.

  Root perennial.  Leaves radical, petiolate,  2 lobed, nearly round,
 folding up, armed along the margin of the upper surface with 3  or 4
 short spines.  Petioles winged ;as in the orange leaf), rather longer
 than the leaf, and without a fringe.   Scape a span long, erect.   Co-
 rymb terminal.   Peduncles simple  Flowers white.  Petals streaked.
  The leaf of this plant possesses much irritability, so that when an in-
 sect falls or alights on its upper surface, it closes, entangling the in-
 sect with its spines and fringe, and  detaining it as long as it con-
 tinues to struggle.  W hen the insect becomes  quiet the leaf gradually
 Unfolds.  Linn. loc. cit.
  Grows in turfy or sandy bogs, and is very abundant around Wil-
 mington, North-Carolina,  but appears to be confined in its habitat.
  To Geueral Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, who amidst the avoca-
 tions of a  long life actively and honorably devoted to the service of
 his  country, has paid much attention to its botany, I am indebted for
the  only locality of this plant in this state witli which I am acquaint-
ed.   He informs me that  it grows plentifully on the margins ol fie
cieeks running into the Santee river from the south, between Lvnch's
Ferrv and the sea ; particularly at Collin's &  Bowman'* bridges.
  W tiler als considered it as a native of this stat<*,
  Flowers April—May, 
48(1          UECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.



            JUSSIRUA.   Gen. pl. 741.

    Calyx 4—-5-partitus, I    Calyx 1—5 parted, su-
superus.    Petala  4—5. I perior Petals*— >.  Cap-
Capsula   4-— 5-loculaiis,  sule 4—5 celled, oblong,
oblonga,  angulis   debis-  opening  at   the  angles,
cens,  calyce  coronata.  crowned  wkh the calyx.
Semina numerosa, minu-  Seeds numerous, minute.

ta.
"  1.  Grandiflora.   Mich.
   J. repens ;  caule erec- j    Creeping  ; stem  erect
to  ascendentique ;  foliis I and   ascending  ;  leaves
lanceolafis,  integerrimis, |  lanceolate,   entire,  with
pedunculis  calycibusque | the peduncles and calyx
villosis ;  floribus decan- j villous ;  flowers  decan-
dris.   Mich. 1. p. 267.   | drous.
   Pursh, 1. p. 304.
  Root perennial.  Stem 2—3 feet high, a  little branched, swollen at
intervals, when young very villous.   Leaves sessile, acute, very vil-
lous on the under surface, the base of the old elongated.  Flowers
solitary, axillary, on peduncles  1—2 inches long, which before and
after flowering are cernuous.  Calyx 5 parted, segments very acute.
CoroUa 5 petalled ; petals obovate, yellow, about an inch long. Sta-
mens 10, unequal, much shorter than the corolla.  Filaments inserted
into the summit of the germ, with glands interposed between them.
Germ inferior, 5 angled  Style clavate.  Stigma capitate, depressed
in the centre.
  Like many creeping plants, this species of Jussieua appears to
ripen its seeds rarely.   I have never been able to find a  mature cap-
sule.
  Grows in bogs and ditches.  Common around Savannah.  In ponds
4 miles from Charleston.
  Flowers  May—August


              KALMIA.   Gen. pl. 743.
   Calyx 5-partitus.  Co-
rolla  hypocrateriformis,
limbo subtus 5-corni, in
quorum  foveis   antheise
  Calyx 5 parted.  Corol-
la hypocrateriform,  with
the border underneath 5-
horned, in tlie hollow of 
DEf5\NORTA  MON«GYNfA.           484
incumbunt.   Capsula 5-
locularis.
   I. L\TlFOLIA.
   K. foliis longe  petiola-
tis,  sparsis,  ternisque, o-
valibus,  coriaceis.  utrin-
que  Iscvigatis ;  corymbis
terminalibus,  viscido-pu-
besciutibus.   Mich.  l.p.
258.
   Sp.pl 2. p. 600.  Walt. p. 138
|  which the  anthers
j  Capsule 5 celled.
rest*
                                 Leaves  on  long foot-
                              stalks, scattered  and  by
                              threes,  oval,  coriaceous,
                              smooth  on  each  si  e;
                              corymbs  terminal,  viscid
                              and pubescent.


                              Pursh, 1. p. 296.

  A shrub 4-12 feet high, with branches very crooked and irregular*
Leaves perennial, glossy, entire, nearly of the same colour on each
surface.  Flowers in large terminal  corymbs.   CoroUa  somewhat
cup shaped, with 10 angles or prominences (5 of which are larger
than the  rest) on the under side,  of a beautiful rose colour, marbled
and variegated with  deeper and lighter tints.  Stamens much shorter
than the corolla.  Germ superior
  This is probably the most ornamental sbrub in the forests of North-
America.  Its foliage  is handsome and perennial, av.d its  flowers,
which are  produced in great  profusion, are no less elegant in their
form than beautiful in their colour.  They possess  however  no  fra-
grance, and the leaves are said to be deleterious to animals.
  Grows on the sides of hills and along the rocky margins of rivulets.
Common in the  upper country, not found in the lower, although it
descends along  the margins of the large  rivers  to within 30 or 40
miles  of the ocean.  Sisters Ferry, on Savannah river.
  Flowers April.              Ivy  bush- Calico bush or flower.

  The leaves are generally supposed to be poisonous.  According to
Barton they are often  used in Pennsylvania as a remedy  for  itch
and other  cutaneous diseases.   A decoction of the  leaves  is used
as a wash, or the powdered leaves may be mixed with hog's lard antil
applied as  an ointment.
   2. Angustifolia.
   K. foliis  ternis, petio-
latis,   oblongis,   obtusis,
subtus subferrugineis; co-
rymbis lateralibus; brae-
teis linearibus;  peduncu-
lis  calycibusque  glandu-
                         N3
   Leaves  by  threes, pe-
tiolate,   oblong,   obtuse,
sligbtly  ferruginous  un-
derneath ; corymbs late*
ral; bracteas  iiuear; pe-
duncles  and  calyx  cov- 
48*
DBCANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
ered with a glandular pu-
bescence.
loso-pubescentibus.----
Pursh, 1. p. 596
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 601.  Mich. 1  p. 257.
  A shrub, ge  erally about 2 feet high, with creeping; roots.   Leaves
entire, elliptical, sometimes glaucous,  blowers in small lateral co-
rymbs.   CoroUa smaller than that of the preceding species, of a deep
rose colour.
  This is also  a very ornamental plant, and merits a place in every
gar len.
  Flowers  April—May.
   3. CUNEATA.
   K. foliis  sparsis, sessi-
libus,    cuneato-oblongis,
subtus pubescentibus, a-
pice  minutim  aristatis  ;
corymbis lateralibus.pau-
cifloris.  Mich. 1. p. 357.
 Leaves scattered, sessile,
wedge shaped,oblong, pu-
bescent underneath, at the
summit  slightly  awned;
corymbs lateral, few flow-
ered.
   Pursh, 1. p. 296.
  Nearly resembling the K. angustifolia, but very distinct.  Flowers
white, red near the bottom.  Mich.
  Grows on the head branches ot Black river, Georgetown district,
South-Carolina?
  Flowers
   4. Hirsuta.   Walt.
   K. ramis, ioliis, calyci-
busque hirsutis; foliis op-
poses alternisque,  sub-
sessilibus,lanceolatis; pe-
dunculis axillaribus, soli-
tariis. unifloris, Ioliis lon-
gioribus.  iViich. i. p. §57.
 ♦  Walt. p. 138.  Pursh, 1. p. 295.
  A small shrub, 10—-18 inches high, branching, very hairy.  Leaves
small, lanceolate, acute, shining but hairy   Flowers solitary, on pe-
duncles  nearly an inch long.  Corolla nearly the size of that of the
K. angustifolia, rose coloured.
  This little shrub grows in great abundance in wet, sandy pine bar-
rens.  The flowers are handsome, but as they are solitary, the  plant
is not so ornamental as its congeners.
  flowers May—September.                          Vicke.
   Branches,  leaves  and
calyx hairy;  leaves op-
posite and alternate,near-
ly sessile, lanceolate; pe-
duncles axillary, solitary,
1  flowered, longer than
the leaves. 
I)EC*NDRIA MONOGYNIA.
48*
  A*, angustifolia and hirsuta —The leaves of these species are often
u ed bv  negr - s and the poorer white people of this  state as a cure
for itch and the mange of do»s.  A strong decoction is prepared and
allied warm to the eruptions; the most severe smarting follows the
application, but t is so efficient that its repetition is seldom necessa-
ry  It may be observed that the leaves of the Andromeda nitida are
supposed to be equally efficacious and stimulating.
LEIOPHYLLUM.  Pers. Syn. pl.  477.
   Calyx deeply 5 parted.
Petals 5.  Stamens exser-
ted.   Capsule  5  celled,
opening at the summit.
   Calyx profunde 5-par-
titus.   Petala 5.   Stami-
na cxserta. Capsula 5-lo-
cularis, apice dehiscens.

   1. Buxifolium.
   Ledum buxifolium, Sp. pl. 2. p. 602.  Mich. 1. p. 260.
   Ammyrsine buxifolia, Pursh, 1. p. 301.
  A small shrub 6—18 inches high, branching, glabrous.  Leaves
small, oval lanceolate, entire, glabrous, lucid, with the margins revo*
lute.   Flowers in small terminal corymbs.  Calyx persistent.  Corol-
la white.
  Tiiis plant has until lately been attached to the genus Ledum ;  it
differs however in its calyx, corolla and capsule.  I have preferred the
name originally proposed for it by Persoon to the one employed by
Pursh ; as we have in botany an Ammi and a  Myrsine already.
  Grows on the mountains in Greenville district, South-Carolina. Mi>
Moulins.             j.
  Flowers May—June.  vW0
RHODODENDRON.   Gen. pl. 7*6.
   Calyx 5-partitus.  Co-
rolla   sub-intundibulifor-
mis. imequalis.   Stamina
declinata.   Capsula 5-lo-
cularis.
   1.  Maximum.
   R.  arborescens;  foliis
oblongis,  acutis,  subtus
discoloribus; umbellis ter-
minalibus j calycis laciniis
   Calyx  5-parted.   Co-
rolla  somewhat  funnel
shaped, unequal.    Sta-
mens declined.   Capsule
5 celled.
    Arborescent;  leaves
oblong,  acute,  with  the
under surface of a differ-
ent colour j  umbejs  ter~ 
484
DECANDRTA MONOGYNIA.
 o.alibus,  obtusis; corol-   minal ; segments of the
 lis camnanulatis.   Pursh,   ca'-yx oval, obtuse; coroL
 i.  p.  297.                    Ja campanulate.
  Sp. pl. 2. p. 606.   Mich. 1. p. 259.
  A shrub of the largest size, from 4- 20 feet high   Leaves large,
 thick, coriaceous, perennial, entiie, whitish or ferruginous on the un-
 dei surface.  Flowers in a compact, cone-like raceme, covered when
 Jroung  with  large, ovate, acuminate,  ferruginous bracteas.   Corolla
 arge, of an  irregular  funnel shape,  btamens declining  to one side,
 longer than the corolla. Germ superior.  Style as long as the sta*
 mens.
  Pursh describes three varieties of this beautiful shrub.
 Tar. a. roseum ; with the corrolla of a pale rose colour: the segments
        nearly round; leaves obtuse  at base.
    h.  album; witli the corolla smaller,  white; segments oblongj
        leaves acute at base.
     t.  puipureum ;  with the  orolla purple ; segments oblong; leaves
        obt'ise at  base, green on each surface.  This  last  variety
        grows to a large size, sometimes is found with a stein It
        inches in diameter.
  This beautiful  shrub grows in  great profusion om the margins of
 mountain streams and lakes.  It  not only is not  found in the low
 country, but lias never  been reared to  my knowledge in gatdens  It
appears to require cool  and perennial streams for its nourishment and
support.
  Flowers June—July.                        Mountain laurel.
  Its leaves are destructive to animals when forced by the severiif
 of the winter to browse on them.

   g.  PUNCTATUM.                *^>
   R.  foliis  ovali-lanceo- |    Leaves oval lanceolate*
 latis,  glabris,  subtus  resi- |  glabrous,   with  resinous
 noso-punctatis ; umbellis |  dots underneath; umbels
 terminalibus;  coiollisin- j  terminal;  corolla funnel
 fundibuliformibus;capsu- | shaped; capsules long.
 lis tdongatis.                j
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 607.  Pursh, 1. p.  298.
   Rhododendron minus, Mich. 1. p. 258.
  A shrub 4—6 feet high, with straggling branche-. Leaves oblong,
 sometimes acuminate, ferruginous underneath  Flowers in compact,
 terminal racemes.   Pedicels short.  Teeth of the calyx  very short.
 Corolla pale red; segments  oval  or ovate, a little undulate, smalleg
 than those of the preceding species.
  Grows abundantly on the head waters of the long  rivers of Caroling
 and Georgia, particularly on the Tugoloo branches of the  Savannah
  flowers June—July. 
BECANDRTA MONOGYNIA.
48*
   3.  Catawriunse.   Mich.
   R. Ioliis brevi-ovalibus. |
Utrinque rotundato-obtu-
sis; umbellis terminalibus
calvcis  laciniis ansusto-
oblongis; corollis canipan-
ulatis.   Mich,  i. p. 258.
   Pursh, 1. p. 298.
  A shrub 3—4  feet high.  Leaves glabrous, of a paler colour on the
tinder surface.  Flowers bright red.
  Grows on the summits of the highest mountains—not along the
Streams, where the other species delight to dwell.
  Flowers
  In the specific characters I have retained the term umbel, the flow*
ers however are certainly in compact, cone-like racemes.    n
     Leaves short,  aval,
round and  obtuse at each
end ;, umbels  terminal ;
segments  of   the calyx
narrow  oblong;  corolla
campanulate.
           ANDROMEDA.
   Calyx 5-partitus.   Co-
rolla ovata. ore quinque-
fido.  Capsula supera, 5-
locularis,  valvulis disse-
pimento contrariis.

* Foliis sempervirentibus.
   1. Calvcllata
   A. foliis ovalibus, squa-
tnoso-punctatis, obsolete
 Gkn. pl. 747.
  Calyx 5 parted.   Corol-
la ovate, with the mouth
5 cleft.   Capsule  superi-
or, 5  celled, with the dis-
sepiment  in the  middle
of the valves.
   * Leaves perennial.
   Leaves oval, with  sca-
ly dots, obsoletely serru-
late ; bracteas two, ovate;
racemes terminal, leafy,
secund ;  peduncles  soli-
serrulatis ; bracteis binis,
ovatis ;  racemis  termi-
nalibus,  foliosis,  secun-
dis : pedunculis solitariis, |  tary, axillary.
axillaribus.                j
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 614.  Mich. 1. p. 254.  Pursh, 1. p. 291.
  A  shrub 2—5 feet high.  Leaves coriaceous, obtuse, mucronate,
ferruginous underneath, sometimes  cuneate  at base  Peduncles a-
bout 2 lines long.  Segments of the calyx acute.  Bracteas 2, ovate,
acuminate at the base of the calyx.  Corolla cylindrical, white.  Sts$
Wens included.   Anthers unawned.
  Grows on the Saluda mountains.  Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers April—May-—occasionally through tkc summer. 
486           DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
2. Angustifolia.   Pursh.
   Leaves  linear  lanceo*
late,   acute,   with  scaly
dots; bracteas 2,  minute,
acute; racemes terminal,
leafy, secund; peduncles
solitary, axillary.
   A. foliis lineari-lanceo-
latis,  acutis,   squamoso-
punctatis ; bracteis binis,
minutis, acutis ;  racemis
terminalibus, foliosis, se-
cundis ;  pedunculis  soli-
tariis. axillaribus.   Pursh,
1. p. 291.
   Audromeda calyculata, var. e. angustifolia, Sp.pl. 2. p. 614.

  Leaves slightly ferrujnuous underneath, with the margins revolute.
Segments of the calyx acuminate.  Corolla oblong, ovah   Pursh.
  Tins plant has been formed by Pursh from one  of the varieties  of
the  V. calyculata, it  appears however scarcely to have  character
enough for a distinct species.
  Grows in open swamps.  Carolina and Georgia.  ^Pursh.
  Flowers April—May.
 Very glabrous; branches
flexuous,3 angled; leaves
oval, acuminate, entire, 3
nerved  ; peduncles clus-
tered, i  flowered, axilla-
ry ;  corolla  cylindrical;
anthers  at base 2 horned.
   3. Nitida.   Walt.
   A.  glaberrima,  ramis
flexuosis,  triquetris ;  fo-
liis  ovalibus, acuminatis,
integerrimis, trinervibus;
pedunculis fasciculatis, u-
nifloris,  axillaribus  ;  co-
rollis  cylindricis; anthe-
ris basi bicorniculatis.  E.
   Walt. p. 137.  Mich.  1. p. 252.  Pursh, 1. p. 292.
  A.  coriacea, Sp. pl. 2. p. 613.
                                                      •
  A shrub 3—6 feet high.  Root creeping.  Stem  angled, branching;
branches virgate, 3 angled.  Leaves on very short petioles, coriaceous,
the margins revolute, bordered by the nerves and  dotted underneath.
Flowers 6—10 in each axil, cernuous.   Calyx purple; segments a-
cute.   Corolla much longer than the calyx, white, tinged with pink.
  The fl«wers of this plant have a very strong and almost disagreea-
ble smell of honey.   From the number of flowers of each axil the vig-
orous branches exhibit the appearance of compact racemes.
  Grows in springy, saudy swamps  and galls; considered  as indi-
cating what is generally called sour land, but is  also found in the
richest swamps.
  Flowers March—April.      Male whortleberry—Arborea-Sour
                               pood—Sorrel tree. 
DECANORIA  MONOGYNIA.
487
 The leaves are agreeably acid. In autumn, two weeks previously to
dropping, they become bright scarlet, and form a conspicuous object
in autumnal forest scenery.   The upright yo-inger branches are very
straight, and when deprived of their pith make good pipe stems. The
bark, with copperas, forms a purple aye.
   4. Rhomboid^lis.
   A. ramis floriferis  tri-
quetris ; foliis rhomboid-
alibus  Ianceolatisque, in-
tegerrimis,  cartilagineis,
glabris,  glandula   termi-
nals ;  pedunculis aggre-
gatis,  axillaribus.    Pers.
1. p. 481.
  Grows in Carolina and Florida.
* Flowers
 Flower bearing branches
3 angled; leaves'rhom-
boidal and lanceolate, en-
tire,  cartilaginous,   gla-
brous,  terminated   by  a
gland ;   peduncles  clus-
tered, axillary.
   5. Axillaris.
   A.  foliis  ovali-lanceo-
tis, acuminatis, coriaceis,
lucidis,spinuloso-serratis;
racemis  axillaribus, con-
fertifloris; corollis oblon-
go-ovatis ; antheris sum-
mitate bicorniculatis.   E.
  Leaves oval lanceolate,
acuminate, coriaceous, lu-
cid, with spiny serratures;
racemes axillary,  closely
flowered ; corolla oblong
ovate; anthers at the sum-
mit 2 horned.
   Sp.pl. 2. p 613.  Mich. l.p. 253.
   A. Catesbfei, Walt. p.
   A.wpinulosa, Pursh, 1. p. 298.
   A. axillaris ?  Pursh, 1. p. 297.
  A shrub 2—4  feet high.  Root creeping.  Stem  flexuous, terete,
sparingly branched ; the branches virgate, when young pubescent.
Leaves deep green on the upper surface, paler underneath and sprink-
led with hairs, the serratures acute and rigid  Racemes 2—3 inches
long, sometimes paniculate.  Bracteas 1 small, pubescent, greenish
leaf at the base of each peduncle ; 2 glabrous, white, at the base of the
calyx; all ovate acute.  Calyx very small,  white.   Corolla white.
Stamens scarcely one third the length of the corolla.  Style longer
than the stamens.
  The plant  I have described (the A. spinulosa of Pursh), is exten-
sively dillused over the low country of Carolina and Georgia, though
by no means  so  common as the preceding species.  The mountain 
488          DECANDRIA  M0N0GYN4A.
 variety (the A. axillaris of Pursh) has never appeared to me to be suffi-
 ciently distinct to form another species.  It is distinguished principal-
 ly, if not altogether, by more compact racemes and narrower leaves.
<   Grows on the margins of swamps.
   Flowers February—April—sometimes in November.   >

   6.  Acuminata.
   A. glaberrima; foliis o-
vato-lanceolatis,  superne
angustatis     acuminatis-
que, subintegerrimis,  co-
riaceis,  reticularis;  race-
mis axillaribus ;  corollis
cylindraceis ;    antheris
muticis, postice gibbis.
Sp. pl. 2. p. 613.  Pursh, 1.
A. reticulata, Walt, p
— laurina, Mich. 1. p. 253.
— formosissima, Bartram.
   Very glabrous ;  leaves
ovate lanceolate, tapering
towards the summit and
acuminate,  nearly entire,
coriaceous,    reticulate ;
racemes axillary ;  corol-
la  cylindrical ;   anthers
j
 unawned,
 the base.
293.
ibbous  near
  A handsome shrub, 3—10 or 12 feet high.  Stem  erect, brar.chcs
very straight  and hollow.  Leaves sometimes slightly serrate.  Ra*
cemes short, sometimes compound.  Flowers white, nodding.
  Grows along the margins of swamps.  Rare in the low  country of
Carolina.   Near Black Swamp, on the road from Coosawhatchie to
the Sisters  Ferry is the only place at which  I have seen it near the
sea coast.  More common in Florida.
  Flowers April?
7. Floiubunda.   Pursh.
A  glaberrima  ;  foliis
racemes secund, axillaiv
Pursh, l.
and
panicles.
forming
terminal
oblongo-ovatis, acutis, te-
nuissime serrulatis, cori-
aceis ; racemis secundis,
axillaribus panicu lato-ter-
minalibusque
p. 293.
  Leaves sometimes slightly ciliate.  Flowers white, with 2 bracteas
at the base of the calyx.
  This species, wnich I have not seen, appears to be very closely al-
lied to the preceding
  Collected among the mountains of Georgia, by Mr. Lyons
  Flowers May—June.
   Very glabrous; leaves
oblong ovate, acute,slight-
ly serrulate,  coriaceous; 
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.            4S9
   8. Ferrtgi\ea.
   A. fruticosa ; foliis co-
riaceis, distantibus, longe-
petiolatis.  obovatis,  ple-
rumque obtusis, integerri-
mis, subtus squamoso-fa
rinosis,   reticulata-veno-
                                Shrubby; leaves  cori-
                             aceous, distant,  on  long
                             petioles,  obovate,  gene#
                             rally obtuse, entire, with
                             dust-like scales,  and vei-
                             ny underneath;  pedicels
sis ; pedicellis aggregatis,  ! aggregate, one  flowered,
                             axillary; corolla globose;
                             anthers unawned.
unifloris, axillaribus; co
rollis  globosis ;  antheris
muticis.  Pursh, i. p. 21)3.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 609. Walt. p. 138.  Mich. 1. p. 252. var. h fruticosa.
  A shrub 3-  5 feet high ; branches somewhat flexuous, very entire,
uenerally flat, with the margins revolute   Pedicels simple.  Flowers
small, globose, white on the inside, ferruginous on the outside* 6'te-
mens included.
  Grows in sandy pine barrens.
  Flowers June.  Mich.

   9.  Rig id a.  Pursh.
   A.  arborescens ;  foliis
confertis, brevi-petiolatis,
cuneato-lanceolatis, acu-
tis,  subtus squamoso-to-
mentosis, subaveniis; pe-
dicellis aggregatis, axilla-
ribus, unifloris ;  corollis
subglobosis; antheris mu-
ticis.   Pursh, l. p. z9i.

   Andromeda ferruginea, var. a.
                                 Arborescent;  leaves
                             crowded, on short  peti-
                             oles, lanceolate, acute at
                             each  end,  scaly   and
                             tomentose   underneatn,
                             without  veins ; pedicels
                             aggregate,  axillary,  one
                             fl/wered; corolla nearly
                             globose ; an hers unawn.
                             ed.
                            Mich. 1 p. 232.
  A small tree lo—20 feet high ; branches rigid.  Leaves rigid, en-
tire, convex, with the margins revolute.  Pedicels simple, very nume*
reus.  Flowers small, globose, ferruginous.  Stamens included.
  These two species  are nearly allied   In both, the young snoots are
of a bright ferruginous colour, though one  with  age becomes grey un-
derneath. The different periods of flowering, as  they were determined
by Michaux from cultivation, mark a difference of haoit; yet in the
woods this difference is not obvious, but there appears to be  a  con»
stant succession of flowers from April to June.
  Grows in  sandy pine barrens.  In the  southern  parts of Georgia
and Florida the largest specimens are to be found.
  Flowers June.  Mich.
                        08 
400            BBC ANURIA  MONOGYNIA.
   ** Foliis deciduis.
   4 0-  LlGUSTRlKA.
    A.  pubescens ;  foliis
obovato-lanceolatis,  acu-
minatis,  tenuissime  ser-
rulatis ;  rands   floriferis
terminalibus,  panieulatis,
nudiusculis; corollis sub-
globosis  ;  antheris muti-
eis.
                                 ** Leaves deciduous*


                                     Pubescent ; leave*
                               obovate  lanceolate,  acu-
                               minate, very  finely ser-
                               rulate ;  flower  bearit g
                               branches  terminal,  pani-
                               culate,   naked ;   coiolla
                               nearly  globose; anther*
                               unawned.
   Andromeda paniculata,  Pursh, 1. p. 295.   Mich. 1. p. 254. var.
      a. nudiflora.
    Vaccinium ligustrinum, Linn.

  A shrub, varying in height from 3—15 feet; branches straggling*
and irregular. Leaves nearly sessile, so finely serrulate as sometime*
to appear entire   Panicles terminal, with 1 or 2 small leaves occa-
eionallj near the base of the branches.  Peduncles clustered at each,
bud (3- 6), short, naked, 1 flowered.  Corolla  small, white, pubescent.
  To the accurate and extensive researches of Dr. Muhlenberg, Ameri*
can botanists are indebted for the  real history of this plant.  It ap*
pears to have been the original Vaccinium ligustrinum of Linnseus y
it certainly agrees with the LinnsL-an description of that plant as far
as it extends.  Modern botanists have viewed it as the Andromeda
paniculata of Linnitus, but whoever attends to the description of that
plant, in the early editions of the Species Plantarum, will readily per-
ceive that its great author must have had a verv different one in view.
  The A. racemosa, Walt. p. 138, probably belongs to this species*
  Grows in swamps, galls, and generally in damp soils.
  Flowers  May—June.


   11. Frondosa.  Muhl. Cat.
   A. pubescens; foliis o-
bovato-lanceolatis, acutis,
serrulatis,tomentosis; ra-
mis floriferis paniculatis,
foliosis; corollis globosis;
antheris aristatis.   Pursh,
   Pubescent;  leaves obo-
vate lanceolate, acute, ser*
lulate, tomentose; flower
bearing branches panicu.
late, leafy;  corolla glo»
bose;  anthers awned.
1. p. 295.

   Andromeda paniculata, var. b. foliosiflora, Mich. 1. p. 254.

  A shrub, 3—-5 feet high.  Leaves nearly sessile, generally aeute^
Sometimes acuminate, toweotose Q» both surfaces.  Flowers freg^uenfci 
DEtMNDRIA MGNOGYNfA.
4V1
ly In compact, cylindrical panicles 12—18 inches long.  Pedicels
phort, simple, aggregated [9.-5 at each bud.)   CoroUa whitish, hairy.
  Grows in damp, cold soils.  Common in Chatham county, Georgia.
  Flowers May -June.
  Though placed in this division, the two preceding species general*
ly, in the southern  States, retain their foliage through the winter*
Bor the description of their anthers I have relied on Pursb.
 Racemes secund. naked,
panicled; corolla  nearly
cylindrical; leaves alter-
nate,  oblong,  crenulate^
anthers awned.
    12. Paniculata.
    A.  racemis  secundis,
nudis, paniculatis;  corol-
lis  subcylindiieis ;  foiiis
alternis, oblongis, crenu-
latis;  antheris  aristatis.
Sp. pl. ed.       p. 564.
  This is the description of the original A. paniculata of Linmeus j
tvhich I have inserted, although considered as a Virginian plant, for
the purpose of pointing  out the obscurity that still hangs over this
genus.  Willdenow, in his celebrated edition of this work, has cer-
tainly, on the authority of the Hort. Kewensis, substituted some other
 fdant, I should suppose the modern A. paniculata, if the leaves of the
 atter were ever ovate  Yet  the figure of Plukenet and the Herbarium
Linnxus ought, where they are accessible, to remove all doubt.
  Grows in Virginia.
   13.  Arborea.
   A. foliis oblongo-ovali-
bus,   acuminatis,  argute
seirrulatis, glabris; pani-
culis terminalibus, poly-
stachyis ;  corollis ovato-
oblongis, pubescentibus ;
antheris muticis.  Mich.
1. p. 255.
    Leaves  oblong  oval,
acuminate,  sharply  ser-
rate,  glabrous ;  panicles
terminal,  many  spiked ;
corolla ovate oblong, pu-
bescent ; anthers unawn-
ed.

Pursh, 1. p. 295.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 612.  Walt. p. 138.
   Mich, arbres forestieres.
  A tree, which in the vallies of the mountains attains a height of 5Q.
or 60 feet, but rarely exceeds 15 or 20  feet in the middle country.
Leaves long, sharply acuminate, shining, on petioles nearly an inch
long   Flowers in large, terminal panicles, composed of many simple
secund, naked racemes   CoroUa white   Anthers linear.
  Grows along the margins of streams and in swamps. Found as lo\f
ijown as St. Johns, Santee, within 40 miles of tlie ocean..
  Flowers June—July. 
H99           DECANDRIA  MONOGYNIA-
    14. Racemosa.
    A. foliis lanceolatis, a  |     Leaves  lanceolate,  a-
 cutis, serrulatis,supra gla- |  cute,  serrulate,  glabrous
 bris,  subtus  pubescenii- j  on the  upper, pubescent;*
 bus;  racemis  terminali- |  on the under surface; ra-~
 bus, secumiis, simplicibus j  cemes terminal, secund,
 ramosisve ;   corollis  ob- j  simple or branched ; co-
 longo-ovatis  ;    antheris |  rolla  oblong  ovate;  an.
 quadriaristatis      *        j  tliers  4 awned.
    Mich. 1  p. 255.  Push, 1. p. 294.
    A. paniculata, Walt. p. 138.
    A. Catesbaei,  Sp. pl. 2. p.
  A shrub 3-5 feet high ; branches straggling, not numerous. Leaves
 sometimes slightly acuminate, membranaceous.   Racemes 2—6 inches
 lonjr, frequently divided near the base.  Flowers not Strictly secund,
 but all turn towards the earth.  Bracteas, one linear lanceolate at the
 base of each peduncle, tw© cordate, ovate,  acuminate, ciliate, persis-
 tent, at the base of the calyx.  Calyx purple, ciliate ; the segments
 acute.   Corolla white, furrowed.  Stamens half the length of the co-
 rolla, 2 lobed, each lobe at the summit 2 awned, opening through the
 terminal pores.
  The above description applies to the A racemosa of Michaux, Pursh,
 and most  modern botanists.  On turning  to the old editions of the
 Species Plantarum it will appear however very  doubtful whether this
 plant is the original A. racemosa of Linnaeus.   The contrast he has
 drawn between that species and the A. arborea appears very unneces-
 sary when the  two plants have scarcely any resemblance, and his
 fourth  enumerated difference, if applied to this plant, is incorrect.
 Willdenow appears to have been aware of this difficulty, and has made
 of this plant his A. Catesbeei, 1 aving his own A. racemosa a doubtful
 species. As :f however the subject was not sufficiently confused, he
 has quoted as a synonyme  of his Cate- b«i the A. Catesbsei of Walter,
 \r ich really belongs to the A. axillaris.   A conjectuie  on this sub-
ject is all we can offer.   The terminal racemes of  the A. racemosa
 of  Michaux and of modern botanists, are  naked, secund, and some-
 times branched.  In a  luxuriant state it has probably been  sent to
 Linnseus, and formed his  A paniculata.  His description applies to
 that plant, and his reference to Catesby,  vol.  2.  fig. 43, which has
 been supposed an inadvertent error,coi roborates this su.ge >tion.  His
 A.  ract m <sa must have borne some resemidance to the A. arborea, and
 is probably some plant ".ot yet well underwood.
  Grows around  ponds, and in ^alls and ditches.
  flowers March—May. 
T3ECANDRTA MONOGYNIA.
499
    Leaves  oval, obtuse,
mucronate, crenate, reti-
culate ;  racemes  naked,
aggregate;   corolla cam-
panulate ; anthers 4 awn-
ed.
   15.  Speciosa.
   A. foliis  ovalibus,  ob-
tusis, mucronatis,  crena-
tis,  reticulatis  ;  racemis
denudatis, aggregatis; co-
rollis campanulalis ;  an-
theris  quadriai istatis.—
JV.Uch.  t.  p.  356.
   Pursh, 1. p. 294.
  A shrub 3—4 feet high, branching, glabrous.  Leaves on short pev
tioles, crenate or serrate, finely reticulate.  Flowers in naked, termi-
nal racemes.  CoroUa white.
Var.  a. nitida; with leaves oblong obovate, serrate, green on each
        surface.
     6. puiveruknta ; with  leaves more round, crenate, and  coated,
        as  well as th- young branches, with a white dust.
,  Grows in bogs and bay galls.   Common in  Georgetown district?
Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers
   Leaves  broad lanceo-
late, acute, entire, coriace-
ous ;  flowering branches
nearly naked ;  pedicels
aggregate; corolla ovate;
anthers unawned.
   16.  Mariana.
   A.  foliis lato-lanceola-
tis,  acutis,  integerrimis,
coriaceis ;  ramis  floral-
ibus subapbyllis; pedicel-
lis aggregatis; corollis ob-
longo-ovatis; antheris mu-
ticis.
   Sp.pl. 2.p. 609.  Walt. p. 137.  Mich. 1. p. 256.  Pursh, 1. p. 294,
  A  small shrub, 2—3 feet high, sparingly  branched.  leaves with
the margins revolute, frequently if not always sprinkled ou the under
surface with black dots.   Flowers in clusters at and near the summit
of the old branches.  Peduncles about an inch long, one flowered,
CoroUa white, sometimes tinged with red.  Filaments hairv at base.
Capsule ovate, truncate, with the margins of the valves ribbed P and
nearly white.
  The corolla is larger in this species than in any of the preceding,
Und the plant, when handsomely formed, is ornamental.
  Grows in dry, sandy soils.
  Flo*v ers May—August. 
494          DECANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
           VACCINIUM.
   Calyx superus. Corol-
la urceolata aut campan-
ulata. 4—5 fida. Filamen-
ta germini inserta   Bac-
ca infera, *—5  locularis,
polysperma.

   * Foliis perennantibus.
   1. Myrsinhes.   Mich.
   V. erectum ; foliis par-
vulis  se'ssilibus,  ovatis,
mu' ronatis, serrulatis, su-
pra lucidis, subtus puncta-
tis ; racemis abbreviatis,
bracteatis, axillaribus ter-
minalibusque ; corollis ur-
ceolatis.
   Mich. I. p. 233.  Pursh, 1. p. 290.
  A small shrub, 1—2 feet high, erect, branching; the young branches
pubescent   Leaves with  glandular punctures on the under surface,
pubescent when young. Calyx 5 parted; segments acute, red. Corolla
oblong, pale purple, whitening witn a^e.  Stamens 10. Berries black.
  Grows in sandy pine barrens.  In Georgia very common.
  Flowers March—April.
Gen. pl. 658.
  Calyx superior.  Corol-
la urceolate  or campan-
ulate,  4—5 cleft.   Fila-
ments  inserted  on  tlie
germ.    Berry  inferior,
4_5 celled,  many seed-
ed.
   * Leaves perennial.

   Erect ;  leaves  small,
sessile, ovate, mucronate,
serrulate, lucid on the up-
per, dotted on the under
surface;  racemes  short,
bracteate, axillary and ter-
minal : corolla urceolate.
   &.  NlTlDUM.
   V.  erectum ; ramis dis
ticbis ;  foliis  nitidis, obo-
vato-ellipticis,   utrinque
acutis,  glabris,  serratis;
racemis terminalibus, co-
rymbosis, bracteatis,  nu
tautibus;  corollis  cvlin-
draceis
   Bot. reposit. No. 480.  Pursh,
  Flowe-s pale red.  Very nearly
  Grows  in Carolina. Pursh.
  Flowers
    Erect ;  branches  dis-
 tichous ; leaves nitid, o-
 bovate elliptic,  acuie at
 each  end,  glabrous, ser-
 rate ;  racemes  terminal,
 corymbose,     bracteate,
 nodding;  corolla  cylin-
 drical.
l.p  '289.
allied to the preceding species. 
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
4»r
   3. Crassipolium.
   V. ditfusum ;  ramis ad-
scendentibus ;  foliis  ob-
longo-lanceolatis,  utrin
que acutis, serratis,  rigi-
dis, glabris ;  racemis ter-
minalibus,   corymbosis ;
corollis    campanulatis, j panulate, deeply 5
profunde  5-dentatis.      | ed.
   Bot. Repos. No.  105.  Purs!', 1. p. 289.
  Racemes few flowered,  bracteate.  Flowers nodding.  Calyx ap-
pressed.  Corolla expanding, pale red : the segments acute.  Pursh.
  The two preceding species have been adopted by ,Pursh from the
Botanical Repository  They have probably in this country been in»i
termingled and confounded with the V. myrsinites.
  Grows in Carolina.  Fraser.
  Flowers
   Diffuse: branches  as-
cending ;  leaves  oblong
lanceolate, acute at each
end.  serrate,  rigid,  gla-
brous ; racemes terminal,
corymbose ; corolla cam-
                     part-
    Creeping, very  gla-
brous ; leaves petiolate,
oval,   lucid, denticulate;
clusters axillary;  corol-
la campanulate, with  5
short teeth.
   4. Myrtifolium.  Mich.
     V.  repens,  glaberri-
nium ;  foliis  petiolatis,
ovalibus, lucidis, denticu-
latis ;   fasciculis axillari-
bus ; corollis campanula-
tis, brevissime 5-dentatis.
Mich.  l.  p. 229.
   Pursh, I. p. 289.
  Leaves with the margins reflected.  Clusters of flowers nearly ses*
sile, small.  Anthers unawned at the back.  Berries small,  pedicel-
late, globose, black.  Mich.
  Grows in Carolina.
  Flowers

   ** Foliis deciduis.          ** leaves deciduous/
  a. corollis campanulatis. j    a. corolla campanulate.
   5, Akbokeum.   Marshall.
   V. foliis lato-lanceola- l    Leaves broad lanceo-
tis ovaliluisque,  serrula- j late  and  oval, seirulate,
tis,  mucronatis,   supra j mucronate, sluuiug on the 
496          DECANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
 nitidis, subtus pubestenti-   upper, pubescent  on  the
 bus ; racemis foliosis; flo-   under surface ;  racemes
 ribus  solitariis,  nutanti-   leafy;   flowers  solitary,
 bus; antberis aristatis.      nodding; anthers  awned.
   Mich. 1. p. 230.  Pursh, l.p. 285.
   V. diffusum, Sp. pl. 2. p. 351.
   V. mucronatum, WTalt p. 139.
  A small tree, 8—20 feet high, producing from the root many suck,
ers; branches, when old, crooked, the young suckers long, straight,
pubescent.  Leaves sometimes nearly round, on short petioles. Calyx
small, pale green.   Corolla white, angled, with the border 5 cleft;
segments short, acute,  reflected.  Stamens  very  short.   Filaments
hairy  near the summit.  Anthers incumbent, 2 celled, 2 horned, open-
ing at the summit of the horns ; awns shorter than tlie horns.  Style
longer than the corolla.  Berry globular, glabrous, black, dry, astrin-
gent,  but of a flavour not unpleasant-
  Grows in dry soils, moderately fertile.
  Flowers April—May.  Ripens its fruit in October.  Farkleberry.
  The bark of the root is very astringent, and is given in the form of
decoction  or  infusion as a remedy for  chronic dysentery and di-
arrhoea.  The dried fruit is equally efficacious and more agreeable to
the palate.
   6.  Stathineum.
   V  foliis  ovali-lanceo-
iatis, subacutis, integerri-
mis, subtus glaucis ;  flo-
ribus solitariis, axillaribus,
nutantibus ; antheris  ex-
ertis, aristatis.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 349. Walt. p. 139.
   Leaves oval lanceolate,
nearlv acute, entire, glau-
cous  underneath;  flow-
ers solitary, axillary, nod-
ding ;  anthers  exserted,
awned.
Mich. I. p. 227.  Pursh, 1. p. 284,
  A shrub 2— 3 feet high, erect, branching ; the young branches pu-
bescent.  Leaves  distinctly veine, glabrous  on the  upper surface,
slightly pubescent on the under: on short petioles.  Peduncles pubes-
cent, about an inch long.  Corolla white ; segments of the border
nearly round, mucronate.  Anthe rs at first white, afterwards ferrugi-
nous.  Styk longer than the stam'.ns.  Berry blue,  with a glaucous
tinge.
  A variety of this  shrub (perhaps the V. album of Pursh), grows on
the summits of the sand hills near Columbia, more humble and bear-
ing larger fruit than in the low country ; I cannot however perceive
>ny specific difference between them.
  The berries of this species of Vaccinium, of the V frondosum, and
Of the V, dumosum, are  eaten indiscriminately under the  name of 
BECANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
w
whortle or huckle berries.  They are among the most agreeabla fruit*
which our forests produce.
  Grows in dry soils, moderately fertile.
  Flowers  April—Ripens its fruit May—June.
   7. Dumosum. ■
 V. punctatum ; foliis cu-
neato-obovatis, mucrona*
tis, serrulatis; racemis foli-
osis; floribus solitariis, ax-
illaribus; antheris imlusis.
   Botan. Mag. 1106.  Pursh, l.p
   V. frondosum. Mich
   Dotted;  leaves cune*
ate  obovate, mucronate,
serrulate; racemes leafy;
flowers solitary, axillary ;
anthers included.
285.
                     1. p. 230.
  A small shrub, with creeping roots.  Stem erect, about a foot high $•
the young branches, with the leaves, peduncles and calyx, roughened
with glandular dots.  Leaves nearly sessile, finely serrulate, with the
margins revolute.   Flowers nodding.   CoroUa angledj white.  Style
as long as the corolla.  Berries nearly black.
  Grows in dry, sandy soils.
  Flowers April.  Ripens its fruit in June.
   8. Frondosum.
   V.  foliis  ovali-lanceo-
latis,  integerrimis,  obtu-
sis,   rugosis,  subglaucis,
pubescentibus, glandulis-
que  irroratis  ;   racemis
paucifloris, bracteatis; co-
rollis globoso-campanula-
tis;  antheris inclusis.   E.
  Leaves oval lanceolate,
entire,   obtuse,   rugose,
somewhat  glaucous,  pu-
bescent,   and  sprinkled
with glandular dots ;  ra-
cemes few flowered, brae-
teate  ;   corolla  globose
campanulate; anthers in-
cluded.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 352.  Pursh, 1. p. 285.
   V. glaucum, Mich. 1. p. 231.
  A shrub about 3 feet high, branching, with the young branches pu-
bescent. Leaves nearly sessile, slightly fiubescent, sprinkled,as well as
the short petioles and young branches, with glandular dots.  Racemes
6—8 flowered, proceeding from the summit of the last year's  wood,
therefore below the leaves.  Bracteas, one obovate, pubescent, at the
base of each petiole, and two linear, glabrous, on  each petiole.  Co-
rolla white,  tinged with red, contracted at the mouth, and approach-
ing to the urceolate form.  Berries large, blue.
  This is our most common species of Vaccinium, and produces the
best flavoured fruit.
  Grows in close soils.
  Flowers April.  Ripens its fruit in June1.
                         P 3 
498
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
   9. RE9INOSUM.
   V. foliis oblongo-ovali-
bus,  plerumque obtusis,
integerrimis,  atomis re-
sinosis irroratis; racemis
lateralibus, secundis, brac-
teatis ; corollis ovatis.
                                 Leaves  oblong  oval,
                             generally obtuse,  entire,
                             sprinkled  with  resinous
                             dots; racemes lateral, se-
                             cund, bracteate;  corolla
                             ovate.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 352.  Pursh, 1. p. 286.
  A shrub 3—4 feet high, branching.  Leaves nearly sessile, some-
times ovate, sprinkled, principally on the under surface, with glandular
dots,  CoroUa short. Stamens exserted.  Berries large, black.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers April—May.

  *** Corollis urceolvtis. |   *** Corolla  urceolate.
   10. CoRYMBOSUM.
   Leaves long lanceolate
acute and acuminate, ser-
rulate, the young ones pu-
bescent ; racemes crowd-
ed, almost leafless, bracte-
ate ;  stamens  unawned,
included.
   V. foliis  longo-lanceo-
latis,  acutis  acuminatis-
que,  serrulatis,  juniori-
bus pubescentibus ;   ra-
cemis confertis,subaphyl-
lis, bracteatis; staminibus
muticis, inclusis.   E.
   Sp. pl 2. p. 351.  Pursh, 1. p. 286 ?
   V. disomorphum, Mich. 1. p. 231.
  A shrub 4—8 feet high, geniculate, with a few straggling branches.
Leaves  nearly sessile, very finely serrulate, with a silken lustre on
the upper surface.  Racemes crowded near the naked summit of the
stem, 2—3 from each bud, producing flowers before the leaves are ex-
panded. Corolla oblong, slightly angled, white, deeply tinged with
purple.  Stamens short,  bilaments hairy.  Anthers without awns.
Style longer than the stamens, but not as long as the corolla.  Berries
large, black.
  Grows in  swamps, and wet soils. Very common.  Fruit indiffe-
rent ; commonly called Bil or Bullberries.
  Flowers March.  Ripens its fruit May—June.
   11. VlRGATUM.
   V. racemis  sessilibus ; 1    Racemes
corollis  subcylindraceis ; I rolla nearly  cylindrical;
foliis   oblongo-ellipticis, | leaves    oblong   elliptic,
sessile ;  co- 
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
499
serrulate, deciduous, gla-
brous on each side; flow.
er-bearing branches long.
Rerrulatis, deciduis, utrin-
que glabris ;  ramis  flori-
feris  elongatis.    Sp. pl.
2. p  853.
   Pursh, 1. p. 287.
  A  shrub 2—3 feet high, the flowering branches nearly leaflessi
Racemes bracteate.  Corolla  contracted at the throat, tinged with
red.  Segments of the calyx reflected.  Styk included.  Pursh
  This appears to be too nearly allied to the preceding species. The
pubescence is certainly variable, and the leaves, which in the V. co*
rymbosum Linnseus considered as entire, are very finely serrulate, so
as easily to appear entire in dried specimens.
  Grows in swamps, from Virginia to Carolina. Pursh*
  Flowers
   18.  FlJSCA8TUM.
   V. foliis oblongis, acu-
tis, serrulatis, glabris; ra-
cemis  aggregatis, termi-
nalibus, bracteatis; pedi-
cellis longis, nutantibus;
calycibus acutis, erectis;
stylo subexerto.  Pursh,
1. p. 2H7.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 551
  A handsome small shrub.  Racemes somewhat corymbose.  Corotm
la cylindrical ; segments short, erect, white, tinged with red.  Pursh*
  Grows in the swamps of Carolina and Georgia.  Pursh.
  Flowers
   Leaves oblong, acute,
serrulate, glabrous ; race-
mes  aggregate, terminal,
bracteate; pedicels long,
nodding  ;   segments of
the  calyx acute,  erect;
style generally exserted.
   13.  Galezans.   Mich.
   V. foliis sessilibus, cu-
neato-lanceolatis,   serru-
latis, pubescentibus; fas-
ciculis sessilibus;  stami-
nibus  inclusis,  muticis ;
stylo exerto.
    Leaves sessile, cuneate
  lanceolate,  serrulate, pu-
  bescent ; fascicles sessile;
  stamens included,  with-
  out awns;  style  exsert-
  ed.
287.
   Mich.  1. p. 232.  Pursh, 1. p
  A small shrub, 1—2 feet high, with creeping roots ; young branches
dotted, pubescent.   Margins of the leaves frequently tinged withpujr- 
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
tie.  Flowers in axillary clusters, 6  10 flowered. pf™chs*^
£-4 br cteas at the base  of each  Corolla long, slightly an.ted,
white, sometime* tinged with red.  Filaments very hairy.  BerruB
small, black.
  Grows in damp, close soils.
  Flowers March.  Ripens its fruit in June*
   44. Tenellum.
   V. ramis angulatis; fo-
lk's  sessilibus, ovato-lan-
ceolatis, mucronatis, ser-
rulatis,  utrinque  lucidis;
fasciculis   subterminali-
bus, confertifloris. Pursh,
4. p. 288.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 35S.                          '
  V. Pennsylvanicum ? Mich. 1 p. 232.
  A low,  branching shrub ;  branches green.  Calyx green.  Corolla
©vate, pale red.  Berries large, bluish black.  Pursh.
  Grows in dry, gravellj soils.  Georgia; Mich.
  Flowers
 Branches angled; leaves
sessile, ovate lanceolate,
mucronate, serrulate,  lu-
cid on each side ;  fasci-
cles somewhat terminal,
closely flowered.
   15. Myrtileoides ?   Mich.
    V.  foliis  lanceolatis,
membranaceis,  crenula-
tis, glabris ; floribus spar-
eis, subsolitariis.
                                    Leaves  lanceolate,
                             membranaceous,  crenu-
                             late,  glabrous ;  flowers
                             scattered,  generally soli-
                             tary.
   Mich. 1. p. 234.  Pursh, 1. p. 288.
  I refer here, with much hesitation, a shrub found in our deep river
Swamps, 6—8 feet high, with branches  slender, diftused.  Leaves-
small, sessile, lucid, deciduous.   Fruit axillary, solitary, black, o»
peduncles about half an inch long.
  The corolla I  have not seen.
  Grows near Savannah river, at Beck's Ferry.
  Flowers          Ripens its fruit in June.
              EPIGJEA.

   Calyx 5-partitus, extus
tribracteaiis.  Corolla hy-
Gen. pl. 74>8«
     Calyx 5 parted, with 3
  bracteas at Dase.   Cord* 
PECANDRTA  MONOGYNIA.
301
                             la hypocrateriform. Cap.
                             sule 5 celled, with the re-
                             ceptacle 5 parted.

                                Leaves  cordate  ovate,
                             entire,  reticulate;  corol-
                             la cylindrical.

                             Mich. 1. p. 250.  Pursh, 1. p. 297.
  A small shrub, prostrate, creeping, and sometimes almost buried in
the sand, in which it delights to grow.  Young branches very hispid.
Leaves, when young, hispid along the midrib^and  slightly  fringed.
Flowers in  compact, axillary racemes.  Bra%teas  nearly as long as
the calyx.  CoroUa white, tinged with red, very  fragrant.  Stamens
and style scarcely longer than the tube of the corolla.
  Grows on the sand hills in the middle districts  of Carolina and
Georgia.
  Flowers January—March.
pocrateriformis.   Capsu-
la 5-locularis, receptacu-
lo 5-partito.
   1. Repens.
   E.  foliis  cordato-ova-
tis,  integerrimis,  reticu-
latis; corollis cylindricis.
Persoon,  1. p. 483.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 615.  Walt. p. 139.
GUALTHERIA.   Gen. pl. 749.
                                 Calyx 5  cleft, with  S
                              bracteas at base.   Corolla
                              ovate.   Capsule  5 celled,
                              clothed  wiih  the berry-
                              like calyx.

                                Stem procumbent, with
                              the branches erect; leaves
                              obovate,  acute   at  base,
                              rigid,  serrate ;  flowers
                              few, terminal, nodding.
   Pursh, 1. p. 283.  Sp. pl. 2. p. 616.  Mich. 1. p. 249.
  A small shrub, generally prostrate, the  branches naked near the
base ; the  kaves somewhat crowded  towards the  summit, coria-
ceous, with the margins inflected, serratures fine, remote, acute,
terminated, in the young leaf, with a deciduous awn.  blowers fre*
quently solitary, white.  Fruit red, eatable.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina. JDr. Macbride.
  Flowers May—July*
   Calyx 5-fidus, basi bi-
bracteatus.   Corolla ova-
ta.   Capsula 6-Iocularis,
vestita calyce baccato.

   1. Procumbkns.
   G. caule procumbente,
ramis erectis; foliis obo-
vatis, basi  acutis,  rigidis,
serratis; floribus  paucis,
terminalibus, nutantibus. 
502          DECANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
CLETHRA.   Gen. pl.  751.
                                Calyx 5 parted, persist
                              tent.   Petals o.   Style 3
                              cleft at the summit, per-
                              sistent. Capsule 3 celled,
                              3 valved.

                                Leaves  cuneate, obo-
                              vate,  acute, serrate, gla-
                              brous, and of  the same
                              colour on both surfaces ;
                              racemes spiked, simple,
                              bracteate, tomentose and
                              hoary.
   Pursh, l.p. 301.  Sp.pl. 2. p. 619.
  A small shrub, 2—3 feet high.  Leaves sharply serrate, particular-
ly towards the summit, glabrous and finely veined.  Racemes termi-
nal..  Corolla, as in all the species, white.
  To the  succeeding species this plant bears an entire resemblance,
differing only in the villous tomentum with which the C. tomentosa is
clothed.
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.  Columbia;
Mr. Herbemont.
  Flowers July—August*

   3.  Tomentosa.   La  Marck.
   Calyx  5-partitus, per-
sist ens.  Petala 5.  Stylus
apice  3-fidus,  persistens.
Capsula   3-locularis,  3-
valvis.
   l.  Al 1*1 FOLIA.
   0.  foliis  cuneato-obo-
vatis, acutis, serratis,  u-
trinque  glabris,  concolo-
ribus;  racemis  spicatis,
simplicibus,    bracteatis,
cano-tomentosis.
   C. foliis  cuneato-obo-
vatis, acutis, serratis, sub-
tus albo-tomentosis ;   ra-
cemis  spicatis,  simplici-
bus, bracteatis, villoso-to-
mentosis.
    Leaves  cuneate   obo-
 vate, acute,  serrate, to-
 mentose and white  un-
 derneath ;  racemes spik-
 ed, simple, bracteate, to-
 mentose and villous.
Pursh, 1. p. 301.
   Lam Encvcl. Meth. 2. p. 46.
   Clethra alnifolia, Walt. p.  136.
   G. alnifolia. var. tomentosa,  Mich. 1. p. 260.

  A shrub, 2—4 feet high, with creeping  roots, the young branches
pubescent, with the pubescence stellular.  Leaves  sometimes acumi-
nate, sharply serrate, scabrous and pubescent on the upper surface.
-Macemes terminal, 4—7 inches  long.  Bracteas shorter than the 
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA^           &G3<
flowers.  Petals white, obovate, twice as long as the calyx.  Fila*
ments longer than the corolla, inserted at the base of the germ, adher-
ing to the petals.  Anthers sagittate, 2 celled, opening through pores
!at the extremity of each auricle.  Germ superior, hairy.  Style a lit-
tle longer than the  stamens.  Seeds numerous, ovate, compressed) at*
tached to a large receptacle in the angle of each cell.
  Grows in damp soils.   Very common.
  Flowers July—August.
   3.  Scarra.  Persoon.
   C. foliis  cuneato-obo-
vatis, acutis, utrinque sca-
bris, grosse serratis; ra-
cemis  spicatis, subpani-
culatis,   bracteatis,   to-
             Pursh,  1. p.
   Leaves  cuneate obo-
vate, acute, scabrous on
both surfaces, with large
serratures; racemes spik-
ed, somewhat paniculate*
bracteate, tomentose.
mentosis.
30-3.
   Persoon, 1. p. 483.
  Serratures of the leaves large, uncinate.  Spikes clothed with e
fine down.  Pursh.
  Found by Mr. Lyon in the western districts of Georgia,
  Flowers
   4.  Paniculata.
   C. foliis cuneato-lance-     Leaves cuneate lance-
olatis, acutis, serratis, u-   olate, acute, serrate, gla-
trinque glabris; panicula   brous on both surfaces ;
terminali, racemiflora, al-   panicle  terminal,   with
bo-tomentosa.               the   branches  racemose,
                             tomentose and white.
   Pursh, 1. p. 302.  Sp. pl. 2 p. 620.
  Leaves narrow, with the serratures acuminate. PanicJe long.  Pursh;
  Grows in Carolina,  fiartram.
  Flowers
   3.  Acuminata.
   C. foliis ovalibus, acu-
minatis, serratis. utrinque
glabris, subtus subglaucis;
  Leaves oval, acuminate,
serrate, g'abrous on  both
sides, somewhat glaucous 
504
DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
racemis spicatis; bracteis
flores superantibus.
                            underneath  ;    racemes-
                            spiked  ; bracteas  longer
                            than the flowers.
   Mich. 1. p. 260.  Pursh, 1. p. 302.
  A small tree.  Leaves large, on long petioles, obtuse, never cu-
neate at base.  Spikes before flowering bristling on all sides with the
long bracteas ; these by culture frequently disappear.
  Grows on the high mountains of Carolina.
 "~Flowers
PYROLA.   Gen. pl. 572.
   Calyx 5-partitus.  Pe-
tala 5.   Stylus stamini-
bus longior.   Capsula  5
   Calyx 5 parted.  Petals
5.  Style longer than the
stamens.  Capsule 5 cell-
locularis,  angulis  dehis-  1 ed, opening at the angles.
cens.                      I
   1.  Rotundifolia.
   P. foliis rotundatis, ob-
solete  serrulatis ; spica
floribus undique  versis;
pistillo declinato.
Leaves nearly round, ob-
soletely serrulate ; spike
with the flowers on eve.*
ry side; pistil declined.
   Mich. 1. p. 251. Pursh, 1. p. 299.  Sp. pl 2. p. 621.

  A small, perennial,  creeping ? plant.  Leaves  near the surface of
the ground, perennial, coriaceous, sometimes obovater  Spike 6—10
inches long.  CoroUa  white.  Stigma rotate, with 5 tubercles.
  Grows in dry, stony  or sandy soils, from. Canada to  Carolina
Pursh.
  Flowers
CHIMAPHILA.   Pursh.
   Calyx 5-partitus.   Pe-  1
tala 5.   Stigma  sessile,
crassum,    orbiculatum.
Antherte  rostratse,  fora-
mine  subbivalvi  dehis-
   Calyx  5-parted.  Pe-
tals  5.   Stigma  sessile,
thick, orbicular.  Anthers
beaked, opening through
a avalved aperture. Cap-
centes.   Capsula  5-locu-  j sule 5 celled,  opening at
laris, angulis uehiscens.   | the angles. 
DBCANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
#05
  Leaves lanceolate, with
rigid serratures,  marked
with a  white longitudinal
band;  scape  2—3 flow-
ered ;  filaments  woolly.,
   1. Maculata.
   C foliis lanceolatis, ri-
gide serratis,  fascia  lon-
gitudinali discolore nota-
tis ;  scapo  2—3-floro ;
filamentis    lanuginosis.
Mich. l.p.251.   SubPy-
rola.                       I
   Pursh, 1. p. 300.
   Pyrola maculata,  SpA pl. 2. p. 622.  Walt. p. 136.
  A small, perennial, creeping plant.  Stems 2—4 inches high.  Leaves
erect, 2—4 near the base of the stem, coriaceous, rigid, of a bright
green colour, variegated in the middle with white.  Flowers terminal,
[2 or 3) somewhat umbelliferous, fragrant.  Corolla white. Filaments
a little longer than the germ.   Germ superior.
  Grows in light, rich soils, in the shade of trees.  Common*
  Flowers April—May.


                 STYRAX.    Gen.  pl.
   Calyx inferus, limbo 5-
dentato.   Corolla  5-par-
tita.  Drupa coriacea, ex-
succa,    fovens   nucem
sphsericeam.
   1. GR . ND1FOLIUM.
   S. foliis  lato-obovatis,
acuminatis, subtus tomen-
tosis ;  racemis  simplici-
bus,  axillaribus, inferne
foliosis.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 62S.  Pursh, 2. p. 450.
   S.grandiflorum. Mich. 2. p. 41.
   S.  officinale, Walt. p. 140.
  A  shrub, 4—12  feet  high, with the  young branches pubescent.
Leaves alternate, large, on short petioles, nearly glabrous on the up-
per surface, hoary underneath, the tomentu.n  stellated.  Racemes
15—20 flowered, with a bractea at the base of each peduncle.  Calyx
tomentose; the tube four times as long as the acute segments.  Co-
rolla white, very  fragrant, much larger than the  calyx ; segment*
oval, expanding.  Filaments hairy and united at base, inserted into
the base of the corolla.  Anthers 2 lobed, affixed to the  sides  of the
filaments near the  summit.  Germ with the base clothed by the ca-
                         q3
  Calyx inferior, with the
border 5 toothed.   Co-
rolla 5  parted.    Drupe
coriaceous, juiceless,  in-
closing a spherical nut.

   Leaves broad obovate^
acuminate,tomentose un-
derneath ;  racemes sim-
ple, axillary, leafy near"
the base. 
506           DEGANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.
Iyx, many celled  (8).   Styk longer than the corolla and stamen*.

^Grows in'rich, light soils.  More common In the upper districts of
Carolina and Georgia than in the lower.
  Flowers April.


   $. Pulverulentum.   Mich.
   Leaves oval, acute, to-
mentose underneath; ra-
cemes lateral, few  flow-
ered,  leafy.
   S.  foliis ovalibus,  acu-
tis,  subtus   tomentosis;
racemis lateralibus,  pau-
cifloris, foliosis.   E.
   Mich. 2. p. 41.
  A small shrub, with creeping roots, growing in small clumps and
rarely  exceeding 18 inches in height.   Leaves nearly sessile, serru-
late, a  little hairy on the  upper  surface; pubescence, as in the pre-
ceding  species, stellular.  Flowers on small  lateral branches, axilla-
ry and  terminal.   Corolla smaller than in  the S. grandifolium, white,
and very fragrant.                        .  ,  «            »
  I have very rarely seen more than 2 terminal  flowers on each ra-
ceme.
  Grows in flat pine barrens.  Common on the south side of the Ca-
nouchie river, 6—8 miles  above its junction with the Ogeechee.  f
have never seen it north of the Savannah river.
  Flowers March-*-April.


   3.  Ljeve.    Walt.
   S. foliis  lanceolatis,  u-
trinque acuminatis, serra-
tis, glabris;  racemis lat-
eralibus, foliosis.   E.
   Sp.  pl.  2. p. 624.
   S. glabrum, Mich. 2. p. 41.  Pursh, 2.  p. 450.
   S. leeve, Walt. p. 140.
  A shrub, 4—6  feet high ; branches virgate, slightly  genieulate.
Leaves, particularly  towards the extremities  of the branches, mode-
rately large (2—3 inches long, 1 — 1 i wide", thick, opaque, with acute/
strong, irregular serratures.   Racemes, or branches, frequently in
pairs.   Flowers  axillary and terminal.   Corolla white,  tomentose.
Nut globular, 1  celled.
  Grows along the margins of swamps, in Carolina, 7—8 miles from,
Charleston, near the Goose-Creek road.
  Flowers April.
   Leaves lanceolate, acu-
minate at each end, ser-
rate, glabrous;  racemes
lateral, leafy. 
DISC AND R1A MONOGYNIA.           507
  Leaves oval lanceolate,
acute  at each end, finely
serrulate,   membranace-
ous,  glabrous ;  racemes
lateral, leafy.
   A. Glabrum.

   S. foliis ovali-lanceola-
tis, utrinque acutis, tenu-
issime serrulatis, mem-
branaceis,  glabris; race-
mis  lateralibus,  foliosis.
E.
   Botan. Mag. No. 921.
  A shrub, 6—8 feet high, with branches diffuse, spreading.  Leaves
thin, delicate, finely serrulate.  CoroUa much larger than in the pre-
ceding species, nearly glabrous, white.
  These two species appear to me to have been confounded by the Eu-
ropean botanists.  This is distinguished by its thin, oval leaves, and
larger flowers ;  the former by its thick, acuminate leaves, and tomen-
tose corolla.  This is pretty certainly the plant figured in the Botan-
ical Magazine; the former evidently the S. lseve of Walter.  The
other references are uncertain.
  Grows along the margins of the Ogeechee river, Georgia,
  Flowers April.
HALESIA.   Gen.pl. 814.
   Calyx  4-dentatus,  su-
perus.    Corolla  4 fida,
vel  4-petala.    Stamina
8—12.   Nux  4-angula-
ris, g-sperma.
   1.  Tetraptera.
   H.  foliis ovali-lanceo-
latis, acuminatis, serrula
tis ;  corolla  quadrifida ;
floribus dodecandris; fruc-
tu subaequaliter tetrapte-
ro.
   Sp. pl. 2. p 849.  Walt. p. 144. Mich. 2. p. 40.  Pursh, 2. p. 449.
  A small tree, 10—20 feet high.  Leaves  pubescent, a little glau-
cous underneath, sometimes obovate, on short petioles.  Flowers in
small axillary clusters.  Calyx, superior.    CoroUa campanulate,
white, with the border 4 cleft.  Filaments 10 or 12, shorter than, tjw
   Calyx 4 toothed, su-
perior.   Coivlla  4  cleft
or 4 petalled.   Stamens
8—12.   Nut  4  angled,
2 seeded.


  Leaves oval lanceolate,
acuminate, serrulate; co-
rolla l-cleft;  flowers do-
decandrous;  fruit equal-
ly 4 winged. 
50g           DECANDRIA MONOOYNTA,
corolla, hairy at base.   Style longer than the stamens.  Stigma sim^
pie.  Fruit oblong, 4 winged, with the wings all equal.
  Grows in rich, light, dry soils.
  Flowers  March—April.
   2. Diptera.
   II.  foliis  ovato,  ovali-
que lanceolatis, acumina-
tis,   serrulatis;   corollis
tetrapetalis;   floribus  oc-
tandris; fructu compres-
90, alis duabus majoribus.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 849. Walt. p. 144.
    Leaves ovate and oval
 lanceolate,     acuminate,
 serrulate; corolla 4  pe-
 talled ;   flowers   octan-
 drous ; fruit compressed,,
 with  2 large wings.
Mich. 2. p. 40.  Pursh, 2. p. 450..
  A small tree, very similar, in size, habit, leaves, and mode of flow-?
ering, to the preceding species.  CoroUa  large,  white, distinctly 4
petalled.  Stamens generally 8. Germ many celled (8). Fruitlarger
than in the H. tetraptera, obovate, compressed, with the two small
wings nearly obliterated.
  These two plants are remarkable for  their smooth streaked bark;
their pubescence is stellular j  both are very ornamental plants.
  In this genus the  filaments are united at base, and therefore by
many writers it has been placed in the class Monadelphia ; but it is
united in so many respects with the Sty rax, the flowers of  both are
so generally decandrous, and so many instances occur where the
number of stamens is permitted to determine the location of plants,
that it appears to me more convenient to place them, where I am per-
suaded young botanists will generally look for them, in the class De/
pandria.
  Grows ten miles from Savannah, on the Ogeechee road.
  Flowers March—April.
MYLOCAR1UM.   Willd.
   Calyx inferus,  5-fidus.
Petala  quinqile.   Stylus
angulis  alatis.    Stigma
3—4-fida.    Capsula  tri-
gona, trilocularis.
   1. Ligustrinum.
   Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol.  Pursh, 1. p. 302.
  A  shrub, 6—15  feet high.  Leaves perennial, alternate, "sessile*
<Jttn"ate, lanceolate, very entire, coriaceous, glabrous, slightly glauv-
   Calyx inferior, 5 cleft.
Petals 5.   Style with the
angles winged.   Stigma^
3—4   cleft.     Capsule 5
angled, 3 celled. 
DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
S09
cous  underneath.   Flowers in simple, terminal racemes.  Calyx
small, appearing to be composed  of five leaves cohering together.
Petals obovatej white.  Filaments dilated  at base, unequal, shorter
than the corolla.
  This very ornamental plant  grows in  pine barren swamps and
galls, in the southern parts of Georgia.  It rarely occurs to the north
of the Ogeechee river.
  Flowers March.
DIGYNIA.
HYDRANGEA.   Gen. pl. 760.
   Calyx superus,  5-den-
tatus.   Petala  5.   Capsu-
la 2-rostris, foramine  in-
ter cornua dehiscens.
  Calyx superior, 5 tooth*
ed.  Petals 5.  Capsule %
beaked, opening through
an aperture between the
horns.
   Leaves oblong  ovate,
obtuse at base, acuminate,
dentate, glabrous under-
neath ; cymes naked.
   1. Vulgaris,
   H.  foliis oblongo-ova-
tis, basi obtusis, acumina-
tis,  dentatis,  subtus  gla-
bris ;  cymis nudis.
   Pursh, 1. p. 309.  Mich, l.p 2Q8.
   H arborescens, Sp. pl. 2. p 633.
  A shrub, 6—8 feet high, with branches and leaves, as in  all the
genus, opposite.  Leaves thin, glabrous, pale on the under surface,
very  conspicuously acuminate, serratures large, acute.  Flowers in
terminal cymes, white, generally without sterile florets.
  Grows on the mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers May—June.
   2. Coiidata.  Pursh.
   II. foliis lato-ovatis, ba-
si  subcordatis,  acumina-
tis, grosse dentatis, sub-
   Leaves broad  ovate,
slightly cordate at base, a-
cuminate, coarsely tootlif 
410
DECANDRIA DIGYNIA,
tus  glabris:  cymis  sub-
ed, glabrous underneath j
radiatis.   Pursh, l.p. 309.   cymes generally radiate.

  This though  nearly allied to the preceding, is a very distinct spe-
cies, and easily known from that by its more robust appearance and
larger leaves.   Pursh.                             .
  I have  adopted  this species from Pursh without having suflicient
means to determine its  accuracy.   Yet 1 have noticed  in specimens
sent me from our mountains, that those with sterile (radiating) flow-
ers have generally a more robust  habit, leaves  thicker, less acumi-
nate, and more  distinctly ovate.
  Grows in the mountains and upper-country of Carolina and Geor-
gia, along the water courses.
  Flowers May—June.
3. Nivea.   Mich.
   Leaves  cordate ovate^
acuminate,  serrate,   to-
mentose  and  white  on
the under surface; cymes
radiate.
   H. foliis cordato-ovatis,
.acuminatis,  serratis,  sub-
tus     niveo-tomentosis  ;
cymis radiatis.   Mich. l.
p.S69.
   Pursh, 1. p. S09.
   H. radiata,  Walt. p. 251.  Sp. pl. 2. p. 634.
  A shrub, 6—8 feet high.   Leaves rugose, pubescent along the veins
of the upper surface, elegantly  marked by the silvery  whiteness of
the under  surface.  Flowers  in terminal cymes, with  a few sterile
florets (3—8) in the circumference, and many fertile florets in the
centre of each cyme.
  Fertile  floret.   Calyx 1  leaved, 5 toothed.   CoroUa 5 petalled;
petals lanceolate, longer than the calyx.  Filaments 10, unequal, lon-
ger than the calyx.   Germ compressed, oval.  Styles 2,  short.  Stig-
mas obtuse, thick.
  Sterile floret.  Calyx 2—3—4 leaved; leaflets large, rounded at
the summits, coloured, persistent.  Corolla 2—3—4 petalled ; petals
lanceolate, white, much smaller tlian the calyx.  Stamens very short.
Rudiments only of the germ and styles.
  Grows  in the upper country of Carolina and Georgia, along the
lime-stone bluff", below Vance's Ferry, on the Santee river.
  Flowers May—June.

   4. Quercifolia.   Baitram.
   H foliis oblongis, sinu-
ato-lobatis, dentatis, sub-
tus tomentosis; cymis ra-
diatis,  paniculatis.
Sp.pl. 2. p. 634.  Pursh, 1. p. S<$..
   Leaves oblong, sinuate
and  lobed,  dentate,  to-
mentose underneath; cy-
mes radiate, paniculate. 
DEGANDRIA biGYNIA,
9it
  A handsome shrub, 4—5 feet high.   Leaves variously  sinuate,
though generally 5 lobed j when young very tomentose, with the veins
marked with a ferruginous colour.  Flowers in long panicles, rather
than cymes; sterile florets numerous, at first of an obscure  white
colour, changing afterward* to purple.
  First discovered by Bartram, in his travels through the southern
states.
  Grows near Milledgeville, Georgia.
  Flowers May—June.
CHRYSOSPLEN1UM.   Gen pl. 783.
   Calyx  4-fidus,  colora-
tus.    Corolla  o.    Cap-
sula birostns, l locularis,
polysperma.
   1.  Oppositifolium.
   C. foliis oppositis, sub-
rotundis, basi in petiolum
attenuatis, levissime cre-
natis.
                                Calyx 4  cleft,  colour-
                             ed.   Corolla o.   Capsule
                             2 beaked, l  celled, many
                             seeded.


                                Leaves opposite, near-
                             ly round, tapering at base
                             to a petiole, slightly cre-
                             nate.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 638.  Mich. 1. p. 269.  Pursh, 1. p. 269.
  A  small creeping plant.  Roots perennial.  Stem herbaceous.
Leaves membranaceous, glabrous.  Flowers solitary, axillary, on short
peduncles.  (Flowers octandrous.  Mich.)
  Grows near springs and rivulets in the mountains of Carolina and.
Georgia.
  Flowers
SAXIFRAGA.   Gen. pl. 764.
   Calyx  5-partitus.  Pe-
tala 5.  Capsula S-rostris,
l-locularis, polysperma.
   l. Virginieinsis.  Mich
   S. pubescens ;  foliis o-
valibus. obtusis, crenatis,
in  petiolum  dccurrenti-
bus ;   caule  subaphyllo,
   Calyx 5 parted. Petals
 5.    Capsule  2  beaked,
 1 celled, many seeded.

  Pubescent; leaves oval,
obtuse,  crenate,  extend-
ing  to a  petiole ;  stem
nearly leafless,  panicula- 
5IS             DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.
paniculato;  floribus sub- I ted; flowers nearly  sesV
sessilibus f                 | sile.
   Mich. 1. p. 269.  Pursh* 1. p. 311.
  A small, herbaceous plant, with perennial roots. Radical leaves
rather spathulate, lanceolate.  Stem  about a foot high, divided near
the summit.  Flowers crowded near the extremities of the branches,
white.
  Grows in the mountains'of Carolina and* Georgia.  On the lime«
stone rocks near Vance's Ferry.
  Flowers March.
   2. Leucanthemifolia.
   S. hirsuta; foliis spath-
nlato-ovalibus, acute gros-
seque dentatis;  paniculis
elongatis, diffusis ; calyce
reflexo; petalis  insequali-
bus.
   Hairy;  leaves  spathu-
late oval, with  acute and
large teeth; panicles long,
diffuse;  calyx  reflected j
petals unequal.
   Mich. 1. p. 268.  Pursh, 1. p. 311.

  Plant very hairy, particularly towards the base of the scape and
leaves.   Leaves oval, with very large and acute  teeth, tapering at
base to a stem 3—4 inches long.  Scape 18—24 inches long.  Panicle
diffuse.  Flowers small, white variegated with pink and yellow.  Calyx
xifid, reflected, persistent.
  Grows  near the mountains in the upper districts of Carolina and
Georgia.  Mr. Herbemont.
  Flowers June—September.
   3. Erosa.   Pursh.
   S. glabriuscula ; foliis
oblongo-lanceolatis,  acu-
tis, eroso-dentatis;  pani-
cula oblonga ; ramis  di-
vancatis.
311.
Pursh,  l.
   Nearly smooth; leaves
oblong  lanceolate, acute,
with  erose teeth;  pani-
cle oblong; branches di-
varicate.
  Stem naked.  Panicle very much divided.  Flowers scattered, on
filiform footstalks.  In many respects resembling the S. Pennsylvania
ca.  Pursh
  Grows along  stony rivulete in the high mountains of Carolina*
rursh.                             ^
  Flowers June—July. 
tBECANDRlA  DIGYNiA.
&IS
TIARELLA,   Gen. pl. 76&
    Calyx 5-partitus, per-
listens.   Petala 5, calyci
inserta.   t'apsula  l-locu-
laris, 3-valvis, valvula al-
tera  majore.
   Calyx 5 parted, persis*
tent.   Petals 5, inserted
on the calyx.    Capsule
i  celled, 2  valved, with.
the valves unequal.
l.  BiTERNATAi   Ventenat.
    Leaves biternate; leafl*
  lets  ovate  cordate,  ob-
  lique,  lobes incised  and
  toothed; stem leafy; pan-
  icle  terminal, divaricate^
  withthe flowers in spikes>
313.
   T. foliis biternatis; fo-
liolis  ovato-coi datis,  ob-
liquis, inciso-lobatis, den-
tatis ; caule folioso ; pani-
cula terminali, divaricato-
spiciflora.
   Vent. Malm. 54.  Pursh, 1. p.
   Spirsea aruncus, var. b. hermaphrodita.  Mich. 1. p. 294.
  Root perennial. Stem herbaceous, branching, angular.   Leaves h
little rough, sprinkled along the veins with a glandular pubescence;
Panicle axillary and  terminal.  Peduncles pubescent, short, with a
linear stipule at the base of each. Segments of the calyx Ovate.   Pe-
tals linear, much longer than the calyx.  Stamens as long as the pe-
tals.  GVnus united-at base.   Styles short, inflected.  Stigmas oh,
tuse.
  To Zaccheus Collins  Esq.  of Philadelphia, to whom I owe many;
obligations, I am indebted for fine speciments of this plant, with the
reference to Ventenat and Michaux.  There is still some obscurity
about it.  The capsules, as well as  I can  judge from them in an im-
mature state, are precisely those of Saxifraga* two beaked, opening
between the styles.  The habit of the plant however is very different
from any Saxifraga with which I am acquainted, but to this genus*
it cannot belong;
  Found on the Saluda mountains by Br. Macbride, flowering as late.
as August.
SAPONARIA,   Oen. pl. 7G9.
   Calyx  tubulosus,  no-
dus.   Petala 5, unguicu-
lata.    Capsula  oblonga,
t-locularis.
   Calyx tubular,  naked.
Petals  5,  clawed    Cap-
sule oblong, l celled'.
*e>»
n& 
314
DEC^NDRIA  TRIGYNIA.
   1.  Officinalis.
   S.  calycibus  cylindri- | Calyx cylindrical; leaves
cis; foliis ovato-lanceola- | ovate lanceolate.

tis    Sp. pl. 2. p. 667.    |
   Pursh, 1. p. 314.
  Root perennial, creeping.  Stems 12—18 inches high, terete, glrf.
brous.  Leaves opposite, connate, entire, 3 nerved, glabrous,  blow.
ers in clustered panicles, white, tinged with pink, frequently double.
  A foreign plant, now completely naturalized in  the upper districts
of Carolina and Georgia.
  Fiowers through the summer.
TRIGYNIA.
            CUCUBALUS.  Gen. pl. 771;

   Calyx inflatus.  Petala \     Calyx inflated.  Petals
5,  unguieulata,   absque j  5, clawed, without a crown
corona ad  faucem.  Cap- |  at  the throat.   Capsule 3
sula 3-locularis.             celled.
   1.  Stella rus.
   C. pubescens, erectus ;
foliolis    quaterno-verti
 Pubescent, erect; leaves
verticillate by fours, oval
ciliatis,  ovali-lanceolatis, |  lanceolate,  with  a  long
longissime acuminatis.— |  acumination,

Sp. pl. 2. p.  686.          |
   Mich. 1. p. 271.  Pursh, 1. p. 315.
  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, about two feet high.  Leave's
remote, sessile  and united at base.  Flowers in lax terminal pani-
cles.   Partial peduncles nearly an inch long.  Calyx inflated, 5 part-
ed, with tb,e segments acuminate.  Petals obovate, somewhat fimbri-
ate, white, with  claws as long as the calyx. Filaments and styles a*
long  as the corolla, very slender.  Capsule  superior, globose, gla-
brous.                                                  .
  Grows in the middle and upper districts of Carolina in great abun-
dance ; not found along the sea coast.
  Flowers June—August. 
DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
515
              S1LENE.   Gen.  pl  772.

   Ca/i/.r cylindrieus. Pe-\    Calyx cylindrical.  Pe-
tala 5, unguiculata, coro- | tals 5, clawed, crowivd
nata ad  faucem.    Capsu- | at  the  throat.   Capsule
ia 3-locularis.              j 3 celled.
   1.  QuiNQUEVULNERA.
   S. hirsuta; foliis cune- |    * irsute ;  leaves cune-
ato-oblongis,  summis li- j ate  oblong,   the  upper
nearibus ;  petalis subro- | ones linear; petals near-
tundis, integerrimis; fruc* | ly  round,  entire;   fruit
tibus  erectis  alternis — | erect, alternate*
Mich. l. p. 273.           J
   Sp.pl. 2. p. 691.  Pursh, 1. p. 315.
  Plant 8—12 inches high, divided from the base, very hairy.  Leaves
small, the lower ones  cuueate lanceolate, gradually diminishing to-
wards the summit of  the stem.  Flowers axillary, solitary, on short
peduncles. Petals small, of a bright pink colour, with the border pale.
  Grows near Mr. Middleton's, on Ashley river j Mr. Moulins. Not
common.                           m
  Flowers

   2.  FlMBRlATA.   Bald.
   S.  caule  pubescente ;    Stem pubescent; leaves
foliis  obovatis,   ciliatis ;  obovate, ciliate;  petals
petalis majusculis, fimbri-  large, fimbriate, white.
atis, albis.   B.
  Stem 6— 8  inches high.  The two  upper  pair of leaves generally
small, lanceolate, pubescent.  Flowers generally 3, in  a terminal
fascicle.
  A beautiful little plant, highly meriting the attention of the florist.
Bald.
  Grows in low rich oak land on Flint river, near the Creek Agency.
  Flowers April—May.

   3   Pennsvlvanica.   Mich.
   S.  viscido-pubescens ;    Pubescent, viscid ;  radi-
foliis  radicalibus   cunea-  cal leaves cuneate,  sMn
tis,  caulinis lanceolafis ;  leaves lanceolate ; pani-
jmniculis trichotomis, tsr-  cles trichotomous, teimi- 
Q\ 6             T5E0ANDRTA TRIGYNIA.
minalibus;  petalis obtu-   nal;  petals  very obtuse,
sissimis, leviter crenatis.     slightly crenate.
   Mich. 1. p. 272.  Pursh, 1. p. 316
   S. Caroliniana, Walt. p.  142.

 Root fibrous, perennial. Stem 8—10 inches high, divided from the basej
end  frequently decumbent.  Radical leaves 2—3 inches long ; leaves
of the stem connate: all entire. Flowers  in small, terminal panicles.
Calyx slightly ventricose, with the border 5 ckft and erect.  Claws
of th  petals rather longer than the calyx, producing, where they be-
gin to dilate, a 2 lobed, coloured leaflet, forming the crown which dis-
tinguishes this genus;  border expanding, obovate.  Filaments  10,
longer than the calyx, 5 inserted into the  claws of the petals, 5 alter-
nating with the petals, coaliting with them at base.  Germ superior.
Styles shorter than the stamens.  Stigmas simple.   Capsuk 3 valvedV
iSeeds numerous, attached to a central receptacle.
   Var. a. rosea;  with the petals of a beautiful rose-colour.
       b. alba ; with the petals white.
   Grows—a. on the south side of Ashley river, 15 miles from Charles*
ton—6. Bucks county, Georgia,
   Flowers April.
   4f.   Virginica.
   S.  viscido-pubescens;
foliolis  oblongo-lanceola-
tis, margine asperis ; pan-
iculis dichotomis;  petals
bifidis;  staminibus exer-
tis.
Pubescent, viscid; leaves
oblong  lanceolate,  with
the  margin rough ; pani-
cles  dichotomous; petals
2  cleft;  stamens  exserfr
ed.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 702.  Mich. 1. p. 272.  Pursh, 1. p. 31G.
   S Catesbsei, Walt. 142.

  Root perennial   Stem generally erect and simple, 12—18  inches
iiigh.  Leaves somewhat connate, lanceolate, acute, tapering at base>
slightly fringed, a little hairy on the under surface.  Panicle dicho-
tomous, compound, with a flower  in each division.  Calyx slightly
ventricose, 10 nerved.  Petals obovate, deeply  2 cleft, of a bright
crimson colour.  Stamens much longer than the calyx.  Stigmas ob-
tuse.  Capsuk ventricose, 3—5 valved.
  This plant certainly varies, with the lobes of the petals entire, and
divided (laciniate.  Walt.)  Yet  I am not certain  that this name
covers two species.  Dr. Muhlenberg's authority would countenance
this suspicion.  Willdenow however refers both his S. Virginica and
S. Catebsei to the 9ame figure in Plukenet, t 203. f. 1.
  Grows on James' Island, and in the neighbourhood of Charlestonf
  flowers June,—Jury. 
DECANDR1A TRIGYNIA.
517
   5.   Ovata.   Pursh.
   S.  foliis  ovato-lanceo-
latis, acuminatis, glabrius-
 culis ;  racemo terminali,
 composito;  calycibus  o-
 vatis; genitalibus exertis;
 caule simplici.   Pursh, 1.
 p. 316.
   Flowers white, or pale red.
   Grows in the western parts of Georgia and Carolina.
 from specimens in the herbarium  of Sir Joseph Banks.
   Leaves ovate  lanceo-
late,  acuminate,  nearly
smooth ; raceme termK
nal, compound ;  calyx o-
vate ;  stamens and styles
exserted; stem simple.
Described
   6,   Antirrhina,
   S  foliis angustis, spa-
thulato-lanceolatis,  cilia-
tis ; paniculis dichotomis;
petalis parvulis,  nitidis;
staminibus inclusis.   E.
  Leaves narrow, spathu-
late  lanceolate,  ciliate ;
panicles   dichotomous  ;
petals small, 2 cleft $ sta-
mens included.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 702.  Walt. p. 141.  Pursh, 1. p. 316.
  Annual.  Stem 1—2 feet high, pubescent near the base, sometimes.
spotted.  Lower leaves spathulate, pubescent along the midrib.  Pan-
tale dichotomous, with a flower in each division.  Calyx 10 nerved,
nerves alternately larger.  Corolla frequently wanting; when present
small, white,  2 cleft, expanding in the evening.  Stamens nearly as
long as the calyx, 5 sometimes abortive.  Seed dotted.
  In our species the capsules are not distinctly 3 celled, the inflect-
ed margins of the valves are connected at base with the central re-
ceptacle, but the partition rarely extends to the summit of tlie cap-
sule.
  Grows in most soils; at Ogeechee commons
  Flowers March—April.


             STELLARIA.   Gen. pl. 773.
   €alyx  5-phyllus,  pa-
 tens.   Petala 5, bipartita.
 Capsula ovata,  l-locula-
 ris, polysperma.
   1.   Pubera,
   S.  pubescens ;   foliis
-sessillibus, ovatis, ciliatis;
   Calyx  5  leaved,  ex-
panding.   Petals  5, two
parted.    Capsule  ovate,
1 celled, many seeded.

   Pubescent; leaves ses^
sile, ovate, ciliate;  pedU 
SIB
DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
pedicellis erectis ; petalis I eels erect;  petals longer
calyce longioribus.        I than the calyx.
   Mich. 1. p. 273.  Pursh, 1. p. 317.
  Perennial ?  Stem 6—12 inches high.  L* aves sometimes lanceolate.
Peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves.  Leaves of the
calyx membranous along the margin.   Petals white.
  Grows in shade, in rich soils, from Pennsylvania to Carolina;
Pursh.  In the western districts of Georgia j Dr. Baldwin.
  Flowers May.

   2.    Prostrata.   Bald.
   S foliis  ovatis, acutis,
glabris ; petiolis  longissi-
mis ; caule prostrato, cy-
lindrico, fistuloso,  dicho-
tomo,subpubescente; pe-
dunculis solitariis, longis;
floribus parvulis, heptan-
dris; calyce  erecto.   B
                               Leaves  ovate,  acute,
                            smooth ;   petioles   very
                            long;  stem prostrate,cy-
                            lindrical, hollow, forked,
                            and  slightly  pubescent;
                            peduncles  solitary, long;
                            flowers  small,  heptan-
                            drous ; calyx erect
  Root fibrous, annual.  Stem slightly channelled, prostrate or trail-
ing, 1—4 feet long.  Lower leaves sometimes heart-shaped, sessile.
Stamens generally 7.  B
  Grows in rich, springy land, on the island of Fort George, East?
Florida.
  Flowers March—April,
ARENARIA.   Gen, pl. 774.
   Calyx  5-phyllus,   pa-
tens.   Petala 5, integra.
Capsula l-locularis, poly^
sperm a.
   1.  Serpyllifolia.
   A.  caule   dichotomo,
idiffuso ; foliis ovatis, acu-
tis, ciliatis; calycibus acu-
tis, substriatis; petalis ca-
lyce brevioribus.   Pursh,
1. p. 317.
   $p. pl. 2. p. 720.  Mich. 1. p.
 Calyx 5  leaved,  expan-
ding.   Petals  5,  entire.
Capsule l celled, many
seeded.

   Stem dichotomous, dif-
fuse ; leaves ovate, acute,
ciliate ;  calyx acute, stri-
ate ; petals  shorter  than
the  calyx,
274, 
DECANDRIA  TRIGYNIA.            51ft
  Annual.  Stem 3—G inches long, procumbent and assurgent, pu-
hpscnt, with the hairs reflected.   Leaves opposite, sessile, sometime*
acuminate, slightly cordate and 3 nerved,hairy, small.  Flowers soli-
tary, in the divisions of the stem, sometimes axillary.  Calyx hispid,
the two exterior leaves rather longer than the interior, twice or three
times as long as the corolla.  Petals oval, erect, white.  Stamens un-
equal, shorter than the  calyx.   Germ superior.  Styles as  long a9
the stamens.  Stigmas simple.  Capsuk ovate, clothed by the per-
sistent calyx, 5 valved.  Seeds reniform, dotted, attached to the cent,
tral receptacle.
  Grows in dry pastures.
  Flowers April—May.
   2.   Diffusa.   E.
   A. pubens ;  caule diffu-
so, ramoso; foliis  oblon-
go-lanceolatis,   utrinque
acutis ;  pedunculis soli-
tariis. axillaribus, foliis du-
plo  longioribus ;   petalis
calyce multo brevioribus.
E.
   Pubescent  ;  stem dif-
fuse,  branching ; leaves*
oblong lanceolate,  acute
at each end ; peduncles
solitary, axillary, twice  a9
long as the leaves ; pe-
tals  much  shorter  thai*
the  calyx.
  St,vi 2—3 feet high, branching, decumbent, supporting itself or
Small plants; branches alternate, axillary.  Leaves entire, tapering
at ba^e, almost spathulate.  Peduncles about an inch long, 1 flowered.*
Leaves of  the calyx ovate, acute, persistent.  PetaU oval, scarcely;
one third the length of the calyx, white.  Stamens and capsule about'
the length of the calyx.
  Grows in close damp soils.
  Flowers April—June.
   3.   Canadensis,.   Per
   A. glabra; foliis lineari-
subulatis,  carnosis, inter-
nodis longioribus;  stipu-
lis   membranaceo-conna-
tis,  vaginantibus;  stami-
nibus variantibus, (2—5);
capsulis  ovato-trigonis.—
E.
   Pers  Syn. pl. 1. p. 504.  Purs!
   A. rubra, var. b.  Mich. 1. p. 27
soon.
    Glabrous; leaves linear
  subulate, carnose, longer
  than the internodes ; sti-
  pules    membranaceous
  connate,  sheathing;  sta-
  mens  variable,  (2-—5)«
  sules ovate trigonous.
4.
l.p. 31©. 
*2Q
DECANDRIA  TRIGYNlA»
  Annual   Stem 3—5 inches long, procumbent and assurgent, ssc-
Wulent, forming small  tufts, sometimes solitary.   Leaves about art*
inch long.  Stipules 1—2 lines long, with the summit sometimes
lacerate.  Flowers axillary, solitary, on short peduncles.  Leaves of
the calyx lanceolate, with the margins membranaceous.  Petals lan-
ceolate, about as long as the calyx, of a pale flesh  colour.  Stamens
half as long as the corolla.   Styles very short. Stigmas glandular*.

  This singular plant  varies much in the number of its stamens.
Michaux describes the  Canadian  variety as pentandrous.   I have
found it  in Carolina uniformly triandrousj in Florida Dr.  Baldwin
met with  it diandrous.
  Grows in brackish marshes, Rantowles..
  Flowers April—May.
  Leaves subulate linear,
expanding ; peduncles l
flowered, axillary, long;
petals  emarginate, much
longer than the calyx.
   4.  Glabra.  Mich.
   A.  foliis   subulato-li-
nearibus, patulis;  pedun-
culis unifloris, axillaribus,
elongatis; petalis  emar-
ginatis, calyce multo lon-
gioribus.   E.
   Mich. 1. p. 274.  Pursh, 1. p. 318.
   Stellaria uniflora, Walt. p. 141.
  Stems erect, slender, glabrous, numerous from one root.  Leaves
subulate, slightly connate, much shorter than the internodes.  Pedun-
cles as long as the internodes, erect.  Leaves of the persistent calyx
rather obtuse. Petals twice or thrice as long as the calyx, distinctly
emarginate, white.  Stamens a little longer than the calyx.
  Grows in the swamps of the Santee  river, from Murray's to Nel
son's Ferry.  Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers May.
   5.    Sojjarrosa.  Mich.
   A foliis imis squarroso-
imbricatis,   canaliculars,
glabris;  caule  nudiuscu-
lo ;  paniculis paucifloris;
petalis calyce obtuso mul-
to majoribus.   Mich.  1.
p. 373.
   Pursh, I. p. 318.
   .& Caroliniana, Walt* p. 14W
 Lower leaves squarrose
imbricate, channelled, gla-
brous ; stem naked; pan-
icles few flowered; petals
much larger than the ob*
tuse calyx. 
SJF.CANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
021
  Root perennial.   Stem 6- 10 inches high, much divided near the
fcas<, fuming thick  tufts, simple  towards the summit, pubescent.
Leaves opposite, crowded near the base, distant on the stem. s«ubu-
lat*-. expanding, rigid, glabrous.   Panicle small, terminal, with the
branches generally triflorous.  Leaves of the calyx ovate, rather ob-
tuse, glabrous.  Petals much longer than  the calyx, obovate, white.
Stamens nearly as lony, as the petals.   Styles  with  the germ as long:
as the stamens.  Capsule ovate, longer than the calyx.
  Grows on the dry sand hills in the middle country.
  Flowers April—June.
   Glabrous; leaves sub-
ulate  limar, erect;  p irr-
icle few flowered ; petals
much longer than  the  a-
cute and streaked  calyx.
   G.   Stricta.   Mich,
   A. glabra :  foliis subu-
lato-linearibus,   erectis ;
panicula pauciflora;  peta-
lis  calyce acutissimo stri-
atoque multo longioribus.
Mich.  l. p. 37*.
    Pursh, 1. p. 318,
  Root perennial.  Stems clustered, erect, 4—6 inches high.  Leaves
tpore linear than ia  the preceding  specie-, erect, and not so  .iuch
crowded near the base.  Leaves of the ca'-yv very acute, conspicu-
ously streaked or nerved.  Capsuk  shorter ? than the calyx*   .
  Found by Vlr. Lyon, onthe mountains of Carolina*.
  Flowers May—June.  Pursh,
ERUNNICHIA.   Gen. pl. 777.
   Calyx 1  leaved,  when
old  coriaceous, angled, 5
cleft.    Corolla  0.   Cap-
sule superior,  t  celled, *
seeded.
   Calyx  l-phyllus,  de-
mum  coriaceus,  angula-
tus,  5-fidus.   CoroUa  0.
Capsula supera, l-locula-
ris,  l-sperma.
   l.   ClKRHOSA.
   Mich. I. p. 27L  Pursh, h p.  273.
   Rajania ovata, Walt. p. 247.
  A perennial plant, climbing over shrubs and small trees.   Stem an-
gled.   Leaves alternate,  cordate, acute, entire,  yjlabrou;-.. on  «* ort
petioles.  Flowers in  terminal panicles,  generally  turning t; one
side  on the branches  of the  panicle,  t-rot-iu;:  •••  s. .all c'us.e;-s~
(3—4) f.om  each  bud.   Bractea small.  yvat<,  • aicronate, peni.-N
tjyij, protecting eacli bud.  Segments of the ealys oval.  Stamens 
Z2%          DECANDRIA  TETRAGYNlA.
generally  10, sometimes 8, rather longer than  the calyx.  Stylet,
as 1 rig as the stamens.   CapsuU generally 4 angled, clothed ky the
fpersistent, ventricose, almost woody calyx, and  supported by a di-
 ated. curved peduncle.
  £ he ensiform peduncle, so uncommon and remarkable in this plant,
is almost simple in the flower,  but dilates with the progressive ma-
turity of the fruit.
  <>'-ows at Fort Barrington, on the Alatamaha j Mr. Lyon. J^oute-
yill \ Georgia; Mr. Jackson.  Carolina; Wajfo
  Flowers April—May.
TETRAGYNlA.
MICROPETALUM.  Persoon.
   Calyx  5-phyllus,  pa-
tens.   Petala 5, minuta,
integra, vel nulla.   Stig-
mata 4, sessilia.   Capsu-
la  ovata, calyce longior,
4-valvis,
   l.  Lanuginosum.
   M.  dense pubescens ;
foliis lanceolatis, in peti-
olum angustatis ;  pedun-
culis subsolitariis, elonga-
tis, demum reflexis ;  flo-
ribus apetalis.   Mich.
   Pursh, l.p. 319.
   Spergulastrum lanuginosum, Mich. l.p. 275.
  Grows in the mountains of Virginia and-Carolina,
  Flowers June—July.  Pursh.
    Calyx 5  leaved, ex-
panding.  Petal? 5, mi-
nute, entire  or wanting.
Stigmas 4, sessile.  Cap-
sule ovate,  longer than
the calyx, 4  valved.

     Closely  pubescent;
leaves  lanceolate, taper-
ing to a  petiole;  pedun-
cles  generally  solitary,
long,  finally  reflected;
flowers  without petals, 
IWBCANDRIA TENTAGYNIA.          &%&
PENTAGYNIA
SPERGULA.   Gen.  pl. 798.
   Calyx 5 leaved   Pe\
tals  5,  entire.   Capsule
ovate, 1 celled, 5 valved.
   Calyx 5-phyllus.  Pe-
tala 5, integra.   Capsula
ovata,  l-locularis,  5-val-
vis.
   1.   Arvensis.
  S. foliis iiliformibus, ver-
ticillatis ; panicula dicho-
toma ; pedunculis  fructi-
feris  reflexis ;  seminibus
reniformibus.  Sp. pl. 2.
p. 818.
   Walt. p. 241.  Pursh, 1. p. 320.
  Annual.  Stem erect, 2 feet high, glabrous.  Leaves numerous a£
en ii joint, generally shorter than the internodes.  Panicle dichoto-
mous,  with a flower  in each division  Corolla white, rather longer
than the calyx.  Capsule nearly twice as long as the calyx.
  Grows in cultivated grounds, in oatfields not uncommon. An ex^
Otic becoming naturalised.
  Flowers April—May.
   Leaves filiform, verti-
cillate ;  panicle dichoto-
mous ; peduncles  reflect-
ed when in fruit;  seeds*
reniform.
2.   Decumbens.   E.
S. foliis  lineari-subula-
tis,
oppositis,   glabris ;
pedunculis axillaribus, so-
litariis, foliis pauio longi-
oribus  ;  floribus decan-
dris;  caule decumbente.
E.
   S. nodosa, Walt. p. 241.
  S. saginoides, Mich. 1. p. 276.  Pursh, 1. p. 320.
  Annual.  Stem branching, 1—S
;>a$e by a membrane.  Peduncle^
  Leaves linear subulate,
opposite, glabrous ;  pe-
duncles axillary, solitary,
a little  longer  than the
leaves ;  flowers  decan-
drous ; stem decumbent.
inches long.  Leaves connected at}
3—4 lines long*  Floxoers ejjecf. 
524          ©ECANDRIA PENTAGYffl^
Calyx persistent.  Petals oblong, obtuse, a little longer than the ca-
lyx, chiding in the evening, thickened at base, persistent.  Siemens
as long as the calyx, inserted  at the base of the germ.  Styles very
sh-M-t or 0.  Stigmas glandular, expanding.   Seed very small, undef
a str »njr microscope appearing a little rough.
  Gro* s in fields and pastures.  Very common-;
  Flowers March—April.


           CERASTIUM.  Gen. fl. 7fl7.
   Calyx 5-phyllus.   Pe-
tala 5, bifida aut emargi-
nata.   Capsula  l-locula-
ris. apice dentatim dehis-
cens.
   l.   Viscosum.
   C. hirsutum, viscosum.
diflusum ;   foliis lanceo-
late-oblongis, obtusiuscu-
lis ;  petalis obovatis, ca-
lyce vix longioribus ; flo-
ribus pedunculo breviori
bus.
   Calyx 5 leaved.  Petals
5, 2 cleft or emarginate.
Capsule l celled, opening
and toothed at  the sum-
mit.

  Hirsute, viscous, diffuse;
leaves oblong,  lanceolate,
rather obtuse; petals o-
bovate,   scarcely  longer
than  the calyx;  flowers
shorter  than  the pedun-
cle.
Sp. pl. 2. p. 812.  Pursh, h p. 3201.
  Grows in pastures and cm old
Pursh.
  Flowers May—September.
walls,  from Canada to Carolina
2.   Hirsutum.   Muhl. Cat.
   C. hirsutissimum; foliis
ovalibus, obtusis,  eonna
tis: flo.ibus glomeratis;
petalis bifidis, calyce acu-
to paulo longioribus.
    Very  hairy ;   leaves
oval,  obtuse,  connate  ;
flowers  clustered ; petals
2 cleft, a little longer than
the acute  calyx.
   C. semidecandrum, Walt. p. 241.

  Stem procumbent, branching, fistulous.  Leaves very obtuse, some-
times obovate, obscurely nerved.  Flowers in terminal clusters, one in
each division of a very dichotomous panicle.  Calyx persistent, with
the  interior margins membranaceous.  Petals oblong, expanding,
white, twice as lou« as fie st:-:\>us.   stamens unequal, the short
o"nes opposite to the long ones, alternating witj» the petals, all insert- 
DECANDRIA PENTAGYNLY.
5.25
eU at the base of the germ.  Styles very short.  Stigmas glandular.
Seed$ obovate, muricate, attached in five rows to a central receptacle,.
  Grows in damp soils.  Very common.
  Flowers March—May.

              OXALIS.   Gen. pl. 794.
                               Calyx  5 leaved.   Pei*
                            tals connected  by claws.
                            Stamens unequal, 5 exte-
                            rior  shorter,  connate  at
                            base.   ' Capsule opening
                            elastically at the angles.
                              * Leaves ternate; scape
                                  many flowered.

                               Stemless;  scape  um-
                            belliferous, flowers  nod-
                            ding ;  leaves ternate, ob-
                            cordate, glabrous ;  styles
                            shorter than the stamens,
                            recurved.
                            Mich. 2.p. 39. Pursh, 1. p. 322.
  Root bulbous; bulbs composed of mate, 3 ribbed,ciliate scales, en-
closing i'h the centre a transparent corcidum.  Stem 0.  Petioles pro-
ceeding from between the  scales of the bulb.   Leaves dotted, fre-
quently discoloured.  Umbels 4—6 flowered, several growing from
one root. Leaves of the calyx lanceolate, obtuse,  marked at their
summits by a 2 cleft,  orange-coloured gland.  Petals  obovate, violet-
coloured, sometimes slightly emarginate.  'Styles about  half as long
as the stamens.  Stigmas 2 cleft, the divisions somewhat globose.
  Grows in rich, close soils.
  Flowers March—May, and sometimes in the autumn.
    Calyx 5-phyllus.   Pe-
 tala unguibus   connexa.
1Stamina inajqualia, 5 bre-
 viora exteriora, basi  con-
 fiata.  Capsula angulis e-
 lasTice dehiscens.
    * Foliis ternatis; scapo
        multifloro.
    1.   Viola cea.
    O. acaulis;  scapo  um-
 bellifero, floribus nutantL-
 bus;  foliis  ternatis, ob-
 cordatis, glabris ;  stylis
 staminibus   brevioribus,
 rccurvis.
    Sp. pl. 2. p. 786.  Walt. p. 143.
   ** Caulescentes; foliis |
    ternatis^ obcordatis.   j
   3.    Cormculata.
   O.  pubescens ;  caule
prostrato ; umbellis  peti
olos subsequantibu.s ;  pe- |  the petioles; petals obo*
   ** With stems; learces
    ternate^ obcordate.

   Pubescent; stem pros^
trate ; umbels as long as 
6£6
DECANDRIA PENTAGYNtA?
vate. slightly emarginate$
styles as long as  tie in-
terior  stamens ; stigma's
obtuse.
talis  obovatis,  Isevissime
emarginatis; stylis longi-
tudine staminum  interio-
rum; stigmatibus  obtusis.
E.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 800.  Mich. 2. p. 39.  Pursh, 1. p. 322.
  Stem branching, prostrate, creeping.   Leaves glabrous on the upper*
surface, hairy underneath, ciliate.  Umbels axillary, sometimes  2
flowered.  Leaves of the calyx erect, obtuse, ciliate.   Corolla smaller
than in any other of our species, twice as long as the calyx.  Interior
stamens as long as the calyx.
  Grows around Charleston in  great abundance j is readily  known
by its prostrate habit.
  Flowers February—June.
   3.   Recurva.   E.
   O.pilosa; caule erecto ;
umbellis  folia superanti-
bus ; petalis  obtusis; sta-
minibus  calyce  longiori-
bus ;   stylis   brevissimis,
recurvis; stigmatibus sim-
plicibus.   E.
   Hairy ;   stem  erect;.
umbels longer  than  the
leaves  ;  petals  obtuse ;
stamens  longer than the
calyx ; styles  very short,
recurved;   stigmas  sim-
ple.
  Root perennial ? fibrous, creeping*  Stem erect, 4—8 inches high,
rarely branching.  Leaves, as in most of our caulescent species, aitert
nate near the base of the stem, in verticillate clusters, where it begins
to bear flowers ; kaflets deeply obcordate, hairy along the margin and
on the under surface.   Umbels axillary, opposite and verticillate,
2—6 flowered.  Petals obovate, twice or three times as lon»  as  the
calyx.  Stamens all longer than the calyx.  Styles not half as long-
as the shorter stamens, recurved, projecting between the filaments.
  Grows in cultivated land.  Very common near Charleston, inter-
mingled with the O. stricta, with which it has been confounded.
  Flowers April—May.
   4.   Stricta.
   O. pilosa;  caule erec-
to, ramoso; umbellis pe-
tiolis  longioribus;  peta-
lis obovatis;  stylis longi-
tudine staminum interio-
rum.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 300.  Walt. p. 14{
    Hairy ;  stem  erect?
branching; umbels longer
than the petioles ;  petals
obovate ;  styles as
as the interior stamens.
long
Mich. 2. p. 39.  Pursh, 1. p. 
DECANDRTA PENTAGYNIA-
52?
  Very closely allied to the  preceding species  in appearance  and
habit.  Umbels very generally longer than the petioles, 2—6 and  &
•'lowered.  Petals obovate, generally entire.
  Grows in light soils.  Very common:
  Flowers March—May.
   5.   Fur c ata.   E.
   O  pilosissima;  caule
erecto,  ramoso ;  petalis
subemarginatis :   stylis
longitudine staminum in-
teriorum
furcatis.
E.
stigmatibus
  Very hairy; stem erect,
branching; petals slight-
ly emarginate;  styles as
long as the interior  sta-
mens ,* stigmas  forked.
  Root perennial, creeping.  Stem 5—6 inches high, branching at the
base.  Leaves frequently by pairs; leaflets hairy along  the margin,
and on the under surface.  Umbels solitary, one between each  pair
of leaves,  frequently 2, sometimes 4—6 flowered, longer than the.
leaves.  Petals obovate,  very slightly emarginate, 3 times as long as
the calyx.  Stamens united to the middle of the filaments.  Styles
varying a little in length, but generally about as long as the interior
stamens.  Stigmas thickened, 2 cleft or forked.  Capsule 5 angled*
5 celled, mucronate, thickly clothed with horizontal hairs. Seeds
many, ovate, attached to the central receptacle.
  1 have sometimes supposed that this  may have been the original
0. Dillenii, a species which 1 believe it will be diflicult to identify.
None of our species of Oxalis, that I have seen are strictly and  uni-
formly biflorous, no one  has petals conspicuously emarginate,  Wer
possess probably many species not yet described, for no genus is more
extensively diffused over our country  than the Oxalis, nor can be
found in a greater variety of soils.  Two species I have  determined
by characters that appear to me permanent, but ili health through tvo
successive  springs has prevented me from continuing the investiga*
tion.
  Grows in close soils.
  Flowers  March—May.
   6.   Lyoni.   Pursh.
   0. sericeo-pilosa; caule
ramoso, decumbente; pe-
dunculis  bifloris,  petiolis
longioribus;  foliis terna-
tis, bilobo-obcordatis; la-
ciniis  rotundatis,   divari-
catis :   petalis  cuneatis ;
    Covered  with  silken
hairs ;  stem  branching,
decumbent;  peduncles %
flowered, longer than the
petioles;  leaves ternater
obcordate, 2 lobed ; seg-
ments  round, divaricate: 
£28           BE€ANDRIA PENTAGYNlA<

Capsulis  tomentosis,  ca- I petals cuneate ; capsule*
lyce lanceolato duplo Ion- j tomentose, twice as long
gioribus. Pursh,l.p.322. | as the lanceolate calyx/

  The same remark will apply here which was made respecting 0.
Dillenii. It will be difficult to identify this species.  It has no charr
acter to distinguish it from the O. stricta, except its biflorous umbel,
-which is probably an inconstant feature.
  Grows in Cumberland. Described from specimens in the herbarium,
of the late Mr. Lyon
  Flowers May—June,


           PENTHORUM.   Gen. pl. 790.

   Calyx 5-fidus.  Petala I    Calyx  5 cleft.  Petals Q
0 aut  5.   Capsula 5-cus | or 5.   Capsule 5 pointed,
pidata, 5-Jocularis.        j 5 celled.
   l.  Sedoides.
   P.  caule  ramoso,  su
  Stem branching, angled
above; leaves lanceolate,
nearly sessile, doubly ser-
rate ;  spikes  simple, se-
cund, recurved, panicled:
seeds  scrobiform.
perne   angulato ;   foliis
lanceolatis, subsessilibus,
tluplicato-serratis; spicis
simplicibus, secundis, re-
curvis, paniculatis; semi-
nibus scrobiformibus.
   Sp.pl. 2. p. 770.  Walt. p.24l.  Mich. l.p. 278. Pursh, 1 p.325,

  Stem 1—2 feet high, terete near the base, sprinkled  with glandular
hairs.  Leaves alternate, glabrous.  Flowers in  terminal panicles,
the spikes  generally alternate, sometimes clustered-  Calyx persis-
tent; the  segments ovate, serrate, expanding.   Corolla generally
wanting.  Stamens longer than the calyx, inserted at the base of the
germ.  Germ superior, depressed in the centre, with  the margin di-
vided into 5 pistilliferous summits.  Styles  as long as the stamens,
persistent.
  Grows in wet places, ponds, ditches, &c.
  flowers June—September.


               SEDUM.   Gen. pl.  789.
   Calyx 5-fidus.  Petala
6.  Squamse nectariferse 5
ad basin germinis.   Cap-
mlce 5.
   Calyx 5 cleft.   Petals
5.  5 nectariferous scales
at the base of the germ.
Capsules 5. 
DECANDUIA PENTAGYNTA;           &%$
U  Pclcheilum.   Mich.
   S. glabrum  :  caulibus
>ssurgentibus; foliis spar-
sis,  linearibus,  obtusis ;
,cyma polystachya ; flori-
bus sessilibus, octandris.
   Glabrous; stems assur-
gent ;  leaves  scattered,
linear, obtuse ; cyme ma*
ny spiked ;  flowers  ses-
sile, octandrous.
   Mich. 1. p. 277.  Pursh, 1. p. 323.
  Lower leaves oblong oval.  Spikes when in flower expanding an^
jrecurved,  when bearing  fruit erect.  Flowers  octandrous, purple.
Mich.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina,  Dr. Muhlenberg.
  Flowers
  2.   Ternatum.  Mich.
  S. repens ; foliis planis,
rotundato- spathulatis, ter-
ms ; cyma subtristachya;
floribus albidis.
  Creeping ; leaves flat,
round   spathulate,   by
threes;  cyme  generally
3 spiked ; flowers  white.
  Mich. 1. p. 277.  Pursh, 1. p. 324.
  Plant small, creeping. Lower leaves rounded, the upper lanceolate.
Flowers white, sessile j the upper or terminal floret decandrous, the.
others octandrous.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers May—June.
3.  Telephioides.  Mich.
  S.  foliis  lato-lanceola-
tis, utrinque acutis, den-
tatis ; corymbis multiflo-
ris.
   Leaves  broad lanceo-
late, acute  at each end,
dentate ; corymbs many
flowered.
   Mich. 1. p. 277.  Pursh, 1. p. 324.
  Stem branching.  Leaves alternate, sometimes oval.  Corymbs ter-
minal, many parted, the diyisions short, forming a compact,  almost
globular corymb.  Corolla pale purple*
  Grows on the Saluda mountains.  Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers June—August.

             DIAMORPHA.   Nuttall.

   Calyx 4-fidus.  Petala  I    Calyx 4 cleft.   Petals
i.  Capsula externe de-  |  •*.   Capsuk opening ex*
                      T 3 
330
DECANDRtA  »ECAGYN*Ar
tcrnally, 4  celled, cuspi:
date;  cells  generally  4
seeded.
mVens, 4-locularis, cus-
pi data ; loculis sub4-sper-

mis.

   i.   Pusilla.  NuttaU,  i. p. S93.
   Sedum pusillum, Mich. 1. p. 276.  Pursh, 1. p. 323.

  Annual-  Stem 2—4 inches high, succulent.  Leaves aUernafty
Somewhat terete.   Cymes trichotomously or verticillately  divided
from the base of the stem.  Flowers alternate  and pedicillate, octan-
drous. white.  Capsules 4, connate, with long ipucronate diverging
points. NuttaU.
  Grow* on the Flat Rock near Camden, Sonth-Carohw
  Flowers-
DECAGYNIA.
,^
PHYTOLACCA.   Gen. pl. 800.
                                Calyx 0.   Petals 5, re-»
                              sembling a  calyx.   Ber-
                              ry superior, 10 celled,  10
                              seeded.


                                Leaves' ovate  lanceo-
                              late,  acute  at each end  ;
                              flowers  decandrous^ der
                              cagynous.
                              Mich. 1. p. 278.  Pursh, l.p. 324.

  Root large, somewhat fusiform, perennial. Stem annual, 4—10 feet
high, terete, glabrous, succulent, sometimes a little angled by the slight-
ly decurrent peduncles and petioles,  Leaves alternate, entire, some-
times acuminate, glabrous, glossy on the upper surface.  Flowers in
/simple racenaes, opposite the leaves.  Petals ovate, white, persistent.
Stamens nearly as long as the corolla. Anthers white.  Germ supe-
rior, orbicular, depressed, furrowed. Styles very  short, reflected.
Stigmas obtuse.  Berry globular, juiey, dark purple.
  Grows in cultivated ground.  Ycry comitfolx.
  Flowera May—^eptemfrei*.                     Pake BefUjj.
   Calyx 0.  Petala 5, ca-
lycina.  Bacca supera, 10-
locularis,  10-sperma.

   1.  Decandra.
   P. foliis  ovato-lanceo-
tis, utrinque acutis; flori-
bus decapdris, decagynis.

   Sp, pl. % p. 822. Walt. p. 143. 
BODECANDRLt MONOGYNU,
681
CLASS XL
DODECANDRIA>.
    MOJWGtMA.

501. AS ARUM.
 $02. BEJARIA.
  )3. DECUMARIA.
804. PORTULACCA.
,305. TALINUM

    DIGF.MA.
506. AGRIMONIA.
•tsr
ASARUM.   Gen. pl. 801.
   Calyx 3—4-fidus, ger-
mini  insidens.   Corolla
0.   Anthera lateribus fila-
mentorum adnatae.  Cap-
sula coronata, 6-locularis.
   Calyx  3—-4 cleft,  sit-
ting on the germ.  Corol-
la 0.   Anthers  attached
to  the sides of the fila-
ments.  Capsule crowd-
ed, 0 celled.
  Leaves by pairs, broad,
reniform; calyx  woolly,
deeply 3 parted, segments
nearly lanceolate, reflect-
ed.
   1.   Canadense.
   A. foliis lato reniform-
ibus,  geminatis ;  calyce
lanato, profimde triparti-
to, laciniis sublanceolatis,
reflexis.  Mich.l.p.379.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 838.  Pursh, 2. p. 596.
   A. Carolinianum, Walt. p. 143.
  Root perennial. Stem 0;  Leaves generally 2, hairy, the summit
becoming very obtuse or even emarginate with age;  Petioles long£
very hairy. Peduncles short, 1 flowered*,  Flower somewhat cam-
panulate.
  The leaves appear to vary in their pubescence.
  Grows in rich, shaded »oils>
  Flowers April.                           Wild Ginger. 
532
DODECANDRIA MONOGYNTiL?
   2.  VlRGINlCUIM.
   A.  foliis  solitariis,  ro-
tundato-cordatis,  glabris,
coriaceis;  flore subsessi-
li;  calyce extus glabro,
breviter  campanulato.—
Mich. l.  p. <d7».
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 838.  Pursh, 2. p. 597.
  Very similar in habit to the preceding species.
rather clouded, and handsomely variegated.
  Grows in shaded, rocky soils*
  Flowers
   Leaves  solitary,   cor-
date,  nearly  round, gla-
brous, coriaceous; flower
nearly sessile ; calyx ex-
ternally  glabrous,
campanulate.
short.
Leavts  spotted* or
   3.  Arifolium.   Mich.
   A. foliis subhastato-cor-
datis ;  calyce urceolato,
limbo trifido, connivente,
intus pubescente.   E.
   Leaves somewhat has-
tate, cordate ; calyx urce-
olate, with  the  border c
cleft,  conniving,  pubes-
cent within.
   Mich* 1. p. 280.  Pursh, 2. p>. 597.
   A. Virginicum, Walt. p. 143*.

  Root  tuberous, creeping, thick.  Leaves several from each root,
generally acute, the young ones pubescent on the margins and under
surface, variegated.   Petioles long,  pubescent.  Flowers just rising
to the surface of the ground.  Calyx dark purple.  Filaments 12,
very short.  Anthers 2 lobed, linear, attached to the sides of the fila-
ments ; lobes distinct.  Germ occupying the bottom of the  calyx,
thick, cylindrical, concave  at the summit.  Styles? six, el e*ct, at-
tached to the margins  of the germs, scarcely longer than the' stamens.
Stigma obliquely truncate, 2 horned.  Capsule coriaceous.  Seeds
few in each cell, attached to a central receptacle.
  This species,  which I have most carefully examined, appears to hit
evidently hexagynous.
  Grows in fertile, loose soils.  Very common.
  Flowers March—April.
BE J ARIA.   Gen. pl. 811;
   Calyx 7-fidus.  Petala
7.  Stamina 14.  Capsula
7-locularis, polvsperma.
   Calyx 7 eleft.   Petals
7-   Stamens  14.   Cap-
sule 7 celled, many seed-
ed. 
DODBCANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
33$
   1.  Racemosa.
   B. foliis  ovato-lanceo-
latis, glabris ; floribus ra-
Cemoso-paniculatis,  ter-
minalibus ;  caule  hispi-
do.
   Leaves  ovate lfcfnceo-
Iate, glabrous; flowers ra-
cemose paniculate, term?-
nal;  stem hispid.
   Pursh, 2. p. 362.
   Befaria paniculata, Mich. I. p. 2$0.
  A very handsome  shrub, 3—4 feet high, erect, branching, hispid
and glutinous-  Leaves perennial, alternate, erect, very entire,.a lit-
tle, hispid on  the midrib, glaucous on the under surface.  xCalyx
eanrpanulate ; segments  very  short.  Flowers large,  white, tinged
with red, in long simple raGemes, on peduncles nearly an inch Jong;
in vigorous plants the racemes branch and become paniculate. Petals
obovate.   Stamens nearly as long as the petals.  Styk persistent/
Capsule globular, 7 valved, 7 celled. Mich.
  Grows in dry, sandy soils.   Cumberland island, Georgia. In  gar-
dens around Charleston, where it has been frequently  introduced, it
never flourishes.
  Flowers June—July,
DECltMARIA.   Gun. pl. 815.
    Calyx superus, 8—12-
 fidus. Petala 8—12. Cap-
 sula 7—10-locularis,  po-
 lysperma.
   l.    Barbara,
   1).  foliis  ovato-oblon-
 gis, utrinque acutis,  ob-
 solete  serratis.     Willd.
 enum. p. 5i6.
   Sp. pl. 2.'p.'850.  Pursh, l.p.328.
  Stem climbing.  Flowers  in corymbose panicles, white, very fra-
grant.  Pursh.
  This species I have never seen.  All of tho plant9 and specimen*
I have examined belong to the D. sarmentosa.
  Grows in Carolina.  . Pursh,
  Flowers July—August.
   Calyx superior, 8—{%
cleft.  Petals 8—12. Cap?
sule 7—io celled,  many
seeded.

   Leaves  oY&te oblong,
acute  at each end, slight*
ly serrate. 
534          DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
    Leaves  ovate,  acute,
rounded  at base* serrate
at top.
323.
154.
   2.  Sarmentosa.
   D.  foliis  ovatis,  acutis,
 basi rotundatis, apice ser-
 ratis.    Willd.  enum.  p,
 165.
   Sp.pl. 2. p. 850.  Pursh, 1 p.
   D. Forsythia, Mich. 1. p. 282.
   Forsythia scanden9, Walt. p.

  Stem climbing, throwing out radicles and attaching itself to  the
bark of trees, which it ascends to a considerable height.  Leaves  op-
posite, on long petioles,  broad, sometimes acuminate, sprinkled with
nairs on the under surface.   Flowers  in terminal  corymbs.  Calyx
turbinate ; segments very minute, acute.   Petals much longer than
the calyx, narrow,  white. Stamens  as  long as the corolla, inserted
at the summit of the tube of the  calyx.   Styk short, very thick*
Stigma obtuse angled.                             ___
  Grows in damp rich soils,  along the margin of swamps.
  Flowers May—June.
PORTULACCAi  Gen. pl; 824.
   Calyt 2 cleft*   Petals
5.   Capsule l  celled, cir-
cumscissed.

   Leaves wedge shaped;
flowers sessile.
    Calyx S-fidus.  Petala
 B.    Capsula   l-locularis,
 circumscissa.

    1.   Oleracea.
   P. foliis cuneiformibus;
 floribus  sessilibus.    Sp.
 pL 2. p.  859.
    Walt. p. 144.   Pursh, 2. p. 365.

  Annual.  Seem succulent, prostrate, with the summits erect, terete,
 branching, very glabrous.  Leaves alternate  and opposite, obovate,
 very obtuse, succulent, dotted, very glabrous, generally of a purple
 tinge on the under surface, nearly sessile.  Flowers axillary, sessile,.
 clustered, supported at base by a Small membranous leaf.  Calyx su-
perior, deeply 2 cleft, persistent,  closing after the flower decays;
the back  of the segments compressed.  Petals  obovate, emarginate,
yellow, longer than the calyx, persistent.  Stamen* 12, shorter than
the corolla.  Style as long as the stamens, 5  cleft.  Stigmas obtuse,
glandular.  Seeds  numerous, rough, somewhat  reniform, unequal at
base.
  Grows  every where in rich soils; one of the domestic plants thai
appear to accompany man ia most climates-.
  Flowers May—October.                           Furslarie. 
1J0DECANDRIA DIGYNIA.           63$
TALINUM.   Adanson.
   Calyx inferus,  2—5-
phyllus.  Petala 5.  Cap-
sula  l-locularis, 3-valvis,
polysperma.   Receptacu-
lum globosum.   Semina
arillata.
   1.  Teretifolium.
   T ? foliis teretibus, sub-
ulatis,  carnosis ;  scapo
cymoso ; floribus pedun-
culatis, polyandris  ;  ca-
lyce diphyllo,   NuttaU, 2.
p. 6.
   Pursh, 2. p. 365.
  Root nerennial, forming small tufts.  Leaves alternate, crowded,
terete, linear, carnose,  glabrous,  Scapes ? about a foot high, some-
what corymbose.  Flowers solitary, on short peduncles in the divi-
sions of the corymb.  Calyx 2  leaved.  Petals 5, much longer than.
the calyx, purple.  Stamene shorter than the corolla.  Germ globose.
Styles as long as the stamens.  Stigmas 2 ? Capsule globose, 3 valv-*
ed.  Seeds spiral, involute.
  Grows on rocks.  Athens, Georgia; Mr. Green;
  Flowers
    Calyx  inferior, 2—5
leaved.  Petals 5.   Cap*
sule  i  gelled,  3 valved,
many seeded.  Receptacle
globose.  Seeds arillate.
   Leaves  terete,  subu-
late, carnose; scape  cy-
mose; flowers on pedun-
cles, polyandrous;  calyx
2 leaved.
DIGYNIA.
AGRIMONIA.   Gen. pl. 880.
   Calyx inferus, 5-fidus,
calyculo obvallatus.  Pe-
tala 5.   Semina s, in fun-
do calycis.
   1.  Eupatoria.
   A. hirsuta;  foliis inter-
fupte pinnatis $ foliolis o>
   Calyx inferior, 5 cleft,
surrounded  with a caly-
cle.   Petals 5.  Seeds 3,
in the bottom of the calyx*

  Hirsute;  leaves inter.
rtiptedly pinnate $ leaflets 
m
BOSJECVNDRIA DIGYNIA.
 valibus,  dentatis,  swora   oval,   dentate,  scabrous
 gcabris,  subtus  vi los s ;   on the upper,  villous on
 spicis  virgatis  ;  fructibus   the lower surface; spikes
 turbinatis,basilsevibus.—   virgate:  fruit  turbinate,
-E,                            smooth at base.     "  '
    Sp. pl 2 p. 875.  Mich. 1. p. 287-  Pursb, L p. 3S5.
   Root  perennial.  Stem herbaceous,  about 2  feet high,  hirsute.
 Leaflets' generally 5—7, oval when fully grown, frequently lanceolate
 when young, ribbed, sessile and rather obtuse at base, alternating
 with small, 3 cleft leaflets. Spikes long, slender, terminal and axilla-
 ry, sometimes  forming panicles.  Flowers on very short peduncles.
 Calyx striated at base, thickly surrounded just below the border with
 thick, hooked bristles. Petals'yelloiv, oval, twice as long as the calyx.
 Stamens 12, shorter than the corolla.  Germ superior,surrounded by
 the persistent  calyx.  Styles 2, shorter than the stamens.  Stigmas
 capitate ;  pericarp composed of the  tube of the calyx, hispid around
'the summit.  '
   Grows in cultivated land.  Very common,
   Flowers July—September.
2.   Suave olens?  Pursli,
   A. caule hispidissimo;
fqliis itxterrupte pinnatis;
foliolis plurimis, angusto-
lanceolatis, argute denta-
tis,  supra scabris, subtus
pubescentibus;  spicis vir-
gatis ; fructibus turbinatis,
basi Isevibus.   E.

   Pursh, 1. p. 336.
  Stem 4—5 feet high, very hispid.   Leaflets numerous (ll-r-15),
acute at base, with 3—5 small leaflets of unequal sizes interposed be-
tween the large ones. . Peduncks longer than those of the preceding
species.  Corolla yellow, about twice as long as the calyx.
  Grows about 6 miles from Charleston ?  Collected on the  confines
of Tennessee and Carolina, by Mr. Jackson.
  .Flowers July-—August.                                      ^
 Stem very hispid; leaves
interruptedly   pinnate ;
leaflets   numerous,  nar-
row,  lanceolate,  acutely
dentate, scabrous on the
upper, pubescent on  the
under  surface ;   spikes
virgate;  fruit  turbinate,
smooth at base. 
vlC 0 SANDRIA MONOGYNCA,
5Z%
CLASS XII.
1COSANDRIA.
SHQWOGFmA.
307. CACTUS.
-308. PHILADELPHIA.
509. CHRYSOBALANUS.
310. PRUNUS.
-Sll  DECODON.
312. LYTHRUM.
313. CUPHEA.

  DI—PENTA G rJWA.

914. FOTHERGILLA.
315. CRATAEGUS.
,316. SORBU8.
S17. SESUV1UM,
318. ARONIA.
319. PYRUS.
320. SPIRJ5A.
£21. GILLENIA,

    POLYGYRIA,

322. ROSA.
323. RUBUS.
324 0\LIB\RDA,
325. GEUM.
326. POTENTILLA,
327. F  AGARIA
S28. CALYCANTHUS.
CACTUS.   Gen. pl.
   Calyx superus, mono-
phyllus, imbricatus.   Pe-
tala  plurima,  multiplici
feerie  inserta.     Stigma
multifidum.  Bacca l-lo-
cularis, polysperma.
   1.   Opuntia.
   C.  articulato-prolifer ;
articulis compressis, obo-
vatis ; • spinis setaceis.—
Sp. pl. 2. p. 943.
   Walt. p. 146.  Mich. 1. p. 282.
    Calyx superior, mono-
 phyllous, imbricate.  Pe-
 tals   numerous, inserted
 in several  rows.    Stig-
 ma many cleft.  Berry i
 celled, many seeded.

  Articulately proliferous;
 articulations compressed,
 obovate; spines  setace-
 ous.
Pursh. 1. p. 327. Nutt. 1. p. 296.
  Plant perennial, erect, procumbent or prostrate ; articulations pro-
ducing on their margins flowers, fruit, and new articulations, armed
with  double spines, some long, subulate, strong, hairy at their base,
Others very small and setaceous.  Flowers sessile, yellow.  Fruit
obovate,  umbilicate, pulpy, eatable.  Seeds numerous, immersed  in
the crimson pulp.
  It is probable that there are now three distinct species on the sea
bjigst or the Southern  States covered under this name/  In the spjj-
                         U3   - 
533
ICOSANDRIA MONO GYM A.
plement to this work, if I should be permitted to complete it, (h* in-
quiry shall be resumed.          »
  Grows in sandy soils.
  Flowers through the summer*

 PHILADELPHUS. Gen.pl. 8 to  Bot. Mag. 147&
   Calyx superior, 4—5
parted.     Petals   4- -5,
Style  4  cleft.   Capsule
4—5 celled, many seed-
ed.
   Calyx  superus, 1-—9-
 partitus.   Petala  4—5.
 Stylus 4-tidus.     apmla
 4—5-lqcularis,  polysper-
 ma.
   1.  Inodorus.
   P. fojiis  ovatis, acumi-
 natis, integerrimis; caly-
 cis laciniis acutis ;  stylo
 staminibus longiore, indi-
 viso ;   stigmatibus qua-
tuor, oblongis.   Pursh, l.
p. 321).
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 948.   Walt. p. 146.
  A handsome shrub. Leaves very entire, strongly veined.  Flowers
on short lateral branches, terminal, generally  by  threes.  CoroUa
large, white.
  This species is certainly rare.  No botanist has lately seen it lit
our woods, nor have I been able to discover a specimen of it in the
various collections of* dried plants which have passed under my in-
spection.
  Grows along the margins of rivers in Carolina.  Catesby, Pursh.
  Flowers
   Leaves ovate,  acumi-
nate,  entire  ;  segments
of the calyx  acute; style
undivided,  longer  than
the< stamens j  stigmas 4r
oblong.
2.   GitANDIFLORUS.   Willd.
   P. foliis  ovatis, acumi-
natis, denticulatis, parce
pilosis ;  calycis  laciniis
acuminatis;  stylo stami-
nibus longiore,  indiviso;
stigmatibus quatuor,   li-
nearibus.   Willd. Enum.
5ii.
   Pursh, 1. p. 329.
   P. inodorus.  Mich. l.p.2??'
   Leaves ovate,  acumi-
nate, denticulate,  a little
hairy ;  segments of  the
calyx  acuminate ;  style
undivided,   longer  thao
the  stamens; stigmas 4,
linear. 
ICOSANURIA MONOGYNIA.
$S9
  A ihrub 6—10 feet high, the young branches long and flexible ; the
jlower-bearing branches short, rigid ; all glabrous and slightly angled.
Leaves opposite, on short petioles, strongly veined, hairy on both
surfaces, very hairy on the under surface at the division of the veins.
Flowers terminal, generally by threes.  Calyx persistent, the mar-
gins finely villous.  Corolla white, large, twice as iong as the stamens.
  A very ornamental plant Grows along the margins of the rivers
in the upper part of Georgia and Carolina.  Near Columbia common t
.Mr Herbemont.
  Flowers April—May.
CHRYSOBALANUS.   Gen. pl. 850.
     Calyx  inferior,  cam-
  panulate, 5 cleft.   Petals
  5.   Style  lateral.   Nut
  of the drupe 5 furrowed,
  5 valved,  l  seeded.
Mich.
     Leaves oblong lanceo-'
  late, cuneate at base, en-
  tire, glabrous and shining;
  flowers  paniculate 5  fruit
  oblong.
   Ca/t/#inferu6. campan-
 ulatus, 5-fidus.  Petala 5.
 Stylus lateralis.   Drupa
 mix  5-sulcata,  5-valvis,
 l-sperma.
   l.    Oblongipolius.
   C ?  foliis  oblongo-lan-
 ceolatis, basi cuneatis, in-
 tegerrimis,  glabris  niti-
 disque;  floribus  panicu-
 latis ;  fructibus oblongis.
 E.
   Mich. 1. p. 283.  Pursh, I. p. 329.
  Root creeping extensively.  Stem shrubby, 1—2 feet high, with few
branches.  Leaves sessile, strongly veined, glossy, paler on the un-
der surface.  Flowers in terminal panicles, small, white.  (Stamens
glabrous.  Mich.)
  Michaux observs that it varies with the leaves woolly and hoary
on the under surface.  All that I have seen have been very glabrous*
The fruit I have never seen.
  Grows near Fort  Barrington on the Alatamaha. Near Louisville,
Georgia.  Mr. Jackson.
  Flowers May—June.
PRUNUS.   Gen. pl. 849.
   Calyx   inferus,   cam-
panulatus, 5-fidus,  deci-
duus.  Pdala 5.  Drup&
Icevis nux suturis promi-
milis.
   Calyx  inferior,  cam-
panulate,  5  cleft, decidu-
ous.   Petals 5.   Nut of
the  smooth drupe  with
prominent sutures* 
&9
ICOSANDRIA MONOGVNiA.
   Flowers  in  racemes;
leaves perennial, oblong
lanceolate,    mucronatej
serrate  and entire, with*
out glands, lucid.
    l.   Caroliniana.
   P. floribus racemosis;
foliis   sempervirentibus,
oblongo-Ianceolatis, mu-
cronatis, serratis integer.
rimisque, eglandulosis, lu-
cidis.
   Sp. pl. 2. p 987.  Pursh, 1. p. 330.
   P. Lusitaniea, Walt p. 146.
   Cerasus Virginiana,  Mich. I. p. 283.

  One of our most ornamental trees, growing from 30—50 feet high*
and  forming  very regular oval heads; branches smooth.  Leaves-
slightly acuminate, very frequently entire, glabrous, somewhat coria-
ceous  Racemes axillary.  Peduncles glabrous.  Calyx nearly white y
segments acute, erect.  Petals obovate. white.  Stamens about  15,
more than twice as long as the corolla.  Drupe black, juiceless, per-
sistent.
  The leaves of this tree are very  poisonous, and frequently in the
spring of the year destroy cattle that are tempted to browse freely on
tnetn.
  Grows near Columbia, on the margin of the river.  On  the islands
near Beaufort, generally along their margins.
  Flowers March—April.
   Flowers  in  racemes;
racemes  erect;  leaves
deciduous,  oval oblong,
acuminate, unequally and
doubly  serrate, glabrous
on both surfaces ;  peti-
oles with 4 glands.
   2.  Virginiana.
   P. floribus racemosis;
racemis   erectis ;   foliis
deciduis,   ovali-oblongis,
acuminatis,   insequaliter
duplicato  serratis, utrin-
que glabris; petiolis sub-
quadriglandulosis.  Pursh
1. p 339.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 985.  Walt. p. 146.
   Cerasus Virginiana, Mich. 1. p. 285.

  A tree sometimes attaining the height of 50 or 60 feet, branches
smooth and slender.  Leaves very smooth, somewhat lucid.  Racemes
straight when young.  Petals nearly  round, white.  Berries dark
ted, eatable.
  The Wood of this tree  is one of the best we posses's for cabinet
work and articles of furniture;
  Grows in very rich soi&i
  "Flowers Ar»njf. 
fCOSANDRLA MONOGYNIA.
541
  3.   Serotina.
  P.  floribus racemosis ;
racemis  laxis ;  foliis de-
ciduis,  simpliciter  serra-
tis, serraturis infimis sub-
glandulosis ; costa media
basin versus barbata.
                              Flowers in racemes; ra-
                            cemes pendulous; leaves
                            deciduous,  simply  ser-
                            rate, the lower serratures
                            somewhat glandular;  the
                            midrib  bearded near the
                            base.
   Sp. pl. 2. p, 986.  Pursh, 1. p. 330.
  This resembles the preceding species very much, but is distinguishr
q4 by its pendulous racemes, and the bearded midrib of the leaf.
  Grows in mountain forests.
  Flowers
  4.   Hirsutus.   E.
  P.  floribus racemosis;
racemis rectis ; foliis de-
ciduis,  ovalibus, serrula-
tis, eglandulosis ?  subtus
cum  calycibus, peduncu-
lis petiolisque hirsutis.  E.
                               Flowers  in racemes;
                            racemes straight;  leaves
                            deciduous,  oval,  serru-
                            late, without glands ? the
                            under  surface,  with  the^
                            calyx, peduncles and  pe-
                            tioles hirsute.
   Cerasus Virginiana,var.humilior? Mich. l.p. 285.
  A shrub 3—4 feet high, stoloniferous ; the young branches pubes-
cent or hirsute.  Leaves oval, sometimes slightly acuminate, glabrous
on the upper surface, liairy on the under, particularly along the mid-
rib. Racemes erect and straight.  Flowers small.  Berries dark red.
  To the P. Virginiana this plant appears to have very little aflinity
excepting in its fruit.  Its berries were said by Seaborn Jones, Esq.
in whose garden at Brier Creek I saw it cultivated, to be superior in
size and flavour to the P. Virginiana.
  Grows in the counties of Burke and Screven, Georgia.
  Flowers April.
   5.   Umbellata.   E.
   P.  umbellis terminali-
bus, multifloris; foliis lan-
ceolatis,  paulo  acumina-
tis, serrulatis, glabris, ba-
si biglandulosis ;  calyci-
bus pubescentibus.   E.
   ?. pumila, Walt. p. \4#.
    Umbels terminal, many
  flowered ;  leaves lanceo-
  late, slightly acuminate,
  serrulate, glabrous,  with
  two glands at base; calyx
t  pubescent* 
J43
1C0SANDRIA MONOGYNIA,
  A small tree, with expanding geniculate branches, forming a compact
round  head;  branches  glabrous, purple,  spiny, the spines  bearing
leaves.  Leaves short, generally with a slight acumination.  Flower*
in fascicles, terminating the rigid lateral branches.   Peduncles about
an inch long.   Segments  of the calyx slightly cleft at the summit.
Petals nearly round, white.  Fruit small,  spherical, red.
  The fruit, when ripe, varies frequently in colour.  It is pleasantly
acid, and is employed in preserves.
  To the P. Pennsylvanica this plant has great affinity, yet it appears
to differ in several points.  Its leaves are proportionally much shorter
and more finely  serrulate.  Its umbels  are never  elongated, and its
flowers always expand and fall before the  leaves unfold.
  Grows in very dry, sandy soils.
  Flowers March.  Ripens its fruit in July and August,
   fi.   Chicaba.   Mich.
   P.  floribus fasciculatis,
lateralibus fasciculis  ses-
silibus ;   foliis  angusto-
lanceolatis.serrulatis; ra-
mis  spinescentibus,  gla-
bris.   E.
   Mich. 1. p. 284.   Pursh. 1. p. 332.
   P. insititia, Walt 146 r
.  A small tree 10—15 feet high, with branches  geniculate, expand-,
ing, crowded, forming a compact head.  Leaves on short  petioles,
generally acute, glabrous.  Flowers in aggregated clusters, 3—4 in
each cluster, on  peduncles about half an inch long; clusters sessile.
Calyx  glabrous, with the segments  slightly ciliate.  Corolla white."
Anther* 12—18, as long as the corolla.  Fruit globular, red or yel*
low.
  This plant is singularly  domestic,  following  man in this climate
wherever he  extends his settlements, and growing without care in all
cultivated  high lands.  It is found in all the old  Indian settlements,
and, according to their traditions, is said to have been brought by them
from the western side of the Mississipi.   The fruit, like that of most
cultivated  species, varies much, and some of its varieties are good.
  Grows in all soils excepting those which are frequently inundated.
  Flowers March.
   7.   Hiemalis.   Mich.
   P  arborea ;  stipulis se-      Arborescent;  stipules
taceo-compositis ;  foliis   setaceous,    compound ;
ovalibus obovatisque, ab-   leaves oval and  obovate,
rupte  promisseque  acu-   abruptly  and  conspicu-
     Flowers  fasciculate,
lateral  fascicles  sessile ;
leaves narrow lanceolate,
serrulate; branches spiny,
glabrous. 
              ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA.            543

minatis ;  pedicillis aggre- j ously  acuminate ;  pedi-
gatis, glabris ;  calycis la- I eels aggregate,glabrous;
ciniis lanceolatis; fructu   segments of  the  calyx
subovato.    Mich.  l.  p.   lanceolate;  fruit  nearly
284                          ovate.
   P. spinosa, Walt p. 146?
  A small tree 15—20  feet high, with long, flexible, virgate branches,.
Leaves strongly acuminate.  Fruit generally solitary, large, oval,.
austere, with an uncommonly thick and tough skin.
  This description is taken from what is commonly called the wintef
plum in our low country, although it really ripens in July and August-
This is undoubtedly the P. spinosa of Walter, and I have always sup-
posed  it to  be  the P.  aestivalis- of Michaux.   Pursh, however, has
transferred the name and description of Michaux to a very different
Species.
  Grows in swamps, particularly along the large rivers.
  .Flowers March—April.
   8.   Ma urn ma.
   P. pedunculis subsoli-
tariis;  foliis ovato- oblon-
gis, acuminatis,  duplica-
to serratis.   Willd. enum.
519.
   Pursh, I. p. 332.
   Calyx  campanulatus,
10-dentatus,  5  longiori-
bus,  patentibus  demum
incurvls.   Petala  undu-
lata.    Stamina  10, quo-
rum  5 longissima.   Cap-
sula  a-locularis, tj-valvis.
    Peduncles   generally
solitary; leaves ovate ob-
long,  acuminate, doubly
serrater
  Fruit the size of pigeon's egg, very good to eat.  Pursh.
  There is some confusion in these species which I am not able to
explain.   Pursh's description of this appears to apply to our winter
plumb described above ; yet if that is the plant really meant by WilFr
denow, it  is wrongly named, for it is not a maritime species.
  Grows on the sea coast, from New-Jersey to Carolina.  Pursh*
  Fiowers


                DECODON.  Gmelin.
very good to eat.  Pursh.
se species which I am not able to
this appears to apply to our winter
at is the plant really meant by WilFr
t is not a maritime species.
few-Jersey to Carolina.  Pursh*
?.   Gmelin.
   Calyx campanulate, 1 o
toothed, 5 longer, ex pan-
dingytinally inflected  Pe-
tals undulate.   Stamens
t o, 5 very long.   Capsuk
8 celled, 3 vaive<L
1 
'#44
UCOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA*
   1.   Verticillatum.
   Lythrum verticillatum, Sp. pl. 2. p. 66.  Mich. 1. p. 281.  PursjiJ
     1. p. 334.  NuttaU Gen. 1. p. 208,
   Anonymos aquatic, Walt, p 13r.
  Root perennial.   Stem herbaceous or suffruticose, 3—4 feet high>
recurved, sometimes taking root at the extremities, pubescent. Leaves
•opposite and alternate, sometimes by threes, lanceolate, acute, entire,
a little hairy on the  upper surface, soft  and tomentose underneath.
Petioles short. Flowers in short, biternate ? axillary panicles, so near-
ly sessile that they resemble a verticill.  Calyx 10 toothed, the five
long subulate  teeth project before the flower expands, then bend in;
the five broad  short teeth that cover the flower during its infancy ex-
pand with it.  Petals clawed, somewhat lanceolate, three times us
long as the subulate teeth, at the base of which they are inserted into
the calyx.   Filaments, 5  inserted at the base of the short segments
of the calyx, twice as long as the corolla;  5 below the base of the
petals,  incurved, scarcely longer than the  caly*.  Anthers nearly
round,  twin, incumbent   Germ superior,  ovate.  Styk  nearly  as
long as the long filaments.  Stigma obtuse.  Capsuk  ovate,  some-
what 3 angled, smooth.  Seeds many, angled, ovate, attached to a cen-
tral receptacle.
  Grows in springy spongy soils.
  Flowers August—September.
  This plant differs so much in its appearance from every species of
Lythrum  which  I have seen, and possesses so many peculiarities in
the structure of its flowers and capsule, that, with Walter, I think it
will be correct to separate it from that genus.
LYTHRUM.   Gen. pl. 825.
  12-

1 %  eC"
  Calyx tubulosus, 6
dentatus.   Petala  H
qualia,   calyci    inserta.
Capsula supera,  2-locu
laris, polysperma.   (Sta-
mina  2, 6,  8,  10, \2.)
   1.   Lanceolatum.   E
   L. caule virgatim pan-
iculato;  foliis  lanceolatis,
inferioribus oppositis, su-
perioribus   subalternis ;
floribus  solitariis,  axilla-
ribus, hexaudris.   E.
                            d rou s.
L. virgatum, Walt. p. 120.  Pursht 1. p. 334?
   Calyx tubular,  6—12
toothed.   Petals (5, equal*
inserted  on  the  calyx.
Capsule superior,  2-' ell-
ed, many seeded.   (Sta*
mem 2, 6, 8, 10, 12.)

  Stem terminating in vir-
gate panicles; leaves lan-
ceolate, the lower  ones
opposite, the  upper gen-
erally alternate:  flowers
solitary, axillary,  hexan- 
SCOSANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.           545
  Moot perennial.  Stem 3—5 feet high, erect, quadrangular, slightly
Margined ; branches near the summit long, slender, very glabrous, as
is tlte whole plant.  Leaves lanceolate, sessile, entire, acute at each
extremity: those on the stem  H inch  long, h an inch wide : those on
the branches small, crowded, irregular, but generally alternate.  Pe-
duncles 1—2 lines  long, with 2 subulate.stipules at their base of their
own length.  Calyx tubular, furrowd, 12 toothed, with the teeth erect
and a little unequal.  Petals 6, oblong, entire, violet-coloured, twice
as long as the calyx.   Filaments 6 inserted into the tube of the calyx,
nearly as long as the corolla.  Style as long as the stamens.  Stigma
capitate.   Capsuk oblong, 2 celled, 2 valved.  Seed ovate, slightly
angled, attached to a central receptacle.
  Grows in ditches, swamps, $*c.
  Flowers July—August.
   2.   Alatum.   Pursh.
   L. glaberrimum ; foliis  1    Very  glabrous;  leaves
oppositis,  cordato-ovatis,   opposite,  cordate  ovate,
acutis,  subpetiolatis ; ra-   acute, on short petioles ;
mulis virgatis, 4-margina-   branches  virgate, 4 mar-
tis;  floribus axillaribus,   gined;  flowers  axillary^
solitariis, 6-andris.          solitary, hexandrous.
   Pursh, 1. p. 334. Nutt. 1. p. S03.

   A very elegant and ornamental species.  Branches brown, at first
erect, at length recurved,  and  then  sending out numerous axillary
branches.  Flowers often double the  length  of the leaves, deep and
bright purple,  minutely bibracteate  after the  manner of the genus.
Leaves not much larger than those of thyme, which they somewhat re-
semble.   Stigma conspicuously capitate.  Capsule somewhat cylin ;
drical, 2 celled.  Nutt.
   Grows in the lower districts  of Georgia.  Enslen.
   Flowers June.—July.  Pursh.
Glabrous, virgate; leaves
generally opposite, linear.
acute ;   flowers  axillary,
solitary, hexandrous.
   3.   Line are.
   L. glabrum, virgatum;
foliis suboppositis, linear-
ibus,  acutis;  floribus ax-
illaribus,  solitariis,  G-an-
dris.   Sp. pl  2. p. 868.
   Mich. 1. p. 280.  Pursh, 1. p. 334.  Nutt. 1. p. 303.
  Plant 3—4 feet high.   Leaves somewhat succulent and opaque?,
6—7 lines long, 1 wide.   Flowers small, nearly white, bibracteate.-^
Nutt.
  Grows near the sea-coast of Virginia and Caroling*
  Flowers  July—August.
                        w3 
34$         ICOSANDRIA DI--PENTAGYNIA.
CUPHEA.   J^cquin.
   Calyx ventricosus,  tu-
bulosus.  6—\2 dentatus,
insequalis.   Petala 6, in-
sequalia,  calvci  inserta.
Capsula  1-locularis. cum
ca'-yce longitudinaliterde-
hiscens.
   1.   VrscusissiM*.
   C  viscosa:  foliis op-
posris, petiolatis, ovato-
oblongis ; floribus  dode-
candris, lateralibus, soli-
tariis, hrevissime pedun-
culatis.   Pursh, i. p. 335.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 870.  Mich. l.p. 281
   Calyx ventricose,  tu-
bular, 6—12 toothed, un-
equal.  Petals 6, unequal,
inserted  on  the   calyx.
Capsule 1 celled, with the
calyx bursting longitudi-
nally.
                               Viscid;  leaves  oppo-
                            site, petiolate,  ovate ob-
                            b>ng;   (lowers dodecan-
                            drous, lateral, solitary, on
                            short peduncles.

                               Nutt. 1. p. 304.
  A small  herbaceous plant, rarely exceeding 18  inches in height,
branching, decumbent and ereet, hairy and viscid.  Leav s smooth,
entire.  Calyx cylindrical, striate.  Petals purple.  Stamens inserted
in the throat of the calyx.  Capsuk oblong.   Seeds few, lenticular,
imbricate.  The tapsule is said to burst before the seed is  mature,
which then ripens while naked and exposed to the atmosphere.
  Grows along the mountains.  Collected near the Saluda mountains,
by Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers July—August.
DI—PENTAGYNIA.
FOTHERGILLA.   Gen. pl. gss.
   Calyx inferus, trunca-
tus,   obsolete  crenatus.
Corolla   o.    Filamenta
longa, clavata.  Germen
   Calyx  inferior,  trun-
cate, obscurely  crenate.
i1 orolla   0.    Filaments
long, clavate.   Germ 2- 
ICOSANDRTA DT—PENTAGYNlA.
547
 feifidum.   Capsula  2 lo-   cleft.    Capsule 9-celled,
 cularis.    Semina  solita-   Seeds  solitary,  bony.
 ria,  ossea.

    1.   Alnifolia.
    Sp. pl.  2. p. 1224  Pursh, 1. p. 335.  Nutt. I. p. 304.
  F. Gardeni, Mich. 1. p 313.
  A shrub 2—4 feet high, stoloniferous, virgate.  Leaves oval or obo-
 vate, crenate near the summit, pubescent on the under surface.  Flow-
 ers  in compact terminal spikes.  Stamens numerous, inserted near
 the  summit of the calyx, long, white, sometimes tinned with pink.
 Stig/fias long, slender, recurved.  Capsuk 2 celled, each cell 2 valv-
 ed,  1 seeded.
  Grows along the margins of swamps.
  Flowers March—April.
  This plant varies much in the form of the leaves aud in the colour
of its  stamens, aud perhaps includes more than one species.   It be-
gins to flower before the leaves unfold, but the leaves generally ex-
pand before the flowers decay

            CRATAEGUS.   Gln. pl. 854.
   Calyx superus, 5-fidus.
Petala  5.    Styli  z—5.
JBacca 2—5 sperma.   Se-
mina ossea.
   1.   Parvifolia.
   C. spinosa ;  foliis obo-
vatis, inciso-serratis,  basi
integris, tomentosis;  ca-
lycibus  laciniatis;  flori-
bus  solitariis, 5-gynis.  E.
   Calyx  superior, 5-cleft,
 Petals  5.   Styles  2—5.
 Berry %—5 seeded. Seeds
 bony.

    Spiny; leaves obovate,
 deeply serrate,  entire  at
 base,  tomentose ;  calyx
 laciniate;  flowers  solita-
 ry, pentagynous.
339.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 1002.  Pursh, 1 p
   C. tomentosa, Mich. I. p. 289.
   Mespilus laciniata, Walt, p. 147.

  A shrub 3—6 feet high, forming, with its numerous geniculate and
■divaricate branches, almost a  regular spherical figure ;  tie  \oung
branches tomentose ; spines very numerous, 3—4 inches long, slender.
Leaves alternate, generally acute, on short petioles.  Flowers termi-
nal, on short lateral branches,generally solitary.  Calyx very tomen-
tose, with 2 or  3  bracteas at their base;  the segments  'auceohte,
handsomely divided.  Petals  white, nearly round.  Fruit  greenish
yellow, eatable.
' Grows in dry soils.
  Flowers April—May.  Fruit ripens in October.    Winter-Haw. 
548
ICOSANDRIA DI--PENTAGYNIA*
   B.  Crus Galli.
   C spinosa ; foliis obo-
vato-cuneiformibus,  ser-
ratis, subsessilibus, nitidis;
corymbis    compositis  ;
foliolis  calycinis  lanceo-
latis, serratis; floribus di-
   Spiny; leaves  obovate
cuneate,   serrate,  nearly
sessile, shining; corymbs
compound ;  segments of
the calyx lanceolate, ser^
rate;  flowers  digynous.
gyms.   Sp. pl. 2. p  13.
   Walt. p. 147 ? Mich. 2. p. 288 ?  Pursh, 1. p. SS8.
  A shrub of middling height.  Spines long, very numerous. Leaves
obtuse and acute, irregularly serrate, very glabrous.  Flowers in ter-
miral, compound corymbs.  Segments of the calyx narrow, acute^-
sometimes serrate.   (Fruit small, red.  Pursh.)                %}
  Grows in woods and along the banks ©f rivers.
  Flowers April—May.
   Spiny; leaves cuneate
obovate, crenate, coriace-
ous, lucid ;  corymbs sim-
ple, few flowered; flow-
ers pentagynous.
   3.   Lucida.
   C. spinosa; foliis cune-
ato-obovatis. crenatis, co-
riaceis, lucidis ; corymbis
simplicibus,  paucifloris ;
floribus 5-gynis.   E.
   C. unilateral is P  Pers. 2. p. 37
  A shrub 10—12 feet high.  Spines short, scarcely an inch long, very
strong.  Leaves on very short  branches from the base of the spines,
irregularly crenate.   Flowers few, rarely exceeding 3, terminal, on
small lateral branches.  Styles 5.   Berry 5 seeded.
  l'his species appears to me very distinct from the preceding, with
which it has been confounded.  Its leaves are much smaller, more co-
riaceous and lucid, and it differs also by its smaller corymbs and pen-
tagynous flowers.
  The great differences between the southern and nothern species of
C. crus galli lead me to  suspect, that there are still other species con-
cealed under this name.
  Grows on the margin of the Ogeechee river, just where the tides
Cease to flow.
  Flowers April.
   4.   Punctata.
   C. spinosa inermisve;
foliis obovato-cuneiformi-
tms, glabris, serratis;  ca-
    Spiny  or  unarmed ;
leaves  obovate  cuneate,
glabrous, serrate; calyx 
teOSANDRlA Dl—PENTAGYNIA.
549
villous, the segments sub-
ulate, entire.
lycibus  subvillosis,  laci-
niis  subulatis,   integris.
Sp.  pl. 2. p.  1004.
   Mich. 1. p. 289.  Pursh, 1. p. 338.
  A small tree.  Leaves large, plaited, doubly toothed near the sum-
mit, hairy underneath at the branching of the nerves.  Corymbs to-
mentose.  Fruit yellow, dotted, (Mich.) sometimes red, (Willd.)
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina. Mich.
  Flowers
   5.   Turbinata.  Pursh.
   C. inermis, glabra ; fo-
liis  cuneato-obovatis, in-
cisis, serratis  ;  corymbis
paucifloris  ;    pedicellis
brevibus ; fructibus tur-
binatis.  Pursh, 2. p. 7H5.
   Unarmed,  glabrous ;
leaves  cuneate  obovate,
notched,  serrate  ;    co-
rymbs   few  flowered ;
pedicels short; fruit  tur-
binate.
  Resembling C. spathulata, but distinguished by its fruit from every
other American species.  Pursh.
  Grows in Carolina and Virginia.                      *
  Flowers
   Spiny; leaves elliptic,
unequally   senate,  gla-
brous ; petioles and  ca-
lyx  glandular;  berries
globular, 5  seeded.
   6.   Elliptica.
   C. spinosa; foliis ellip-
ticis, inaequliter  serratis,
glabris;  petiolis  calyci-
busque glandulosis ; bac-
cis  globosis,  pentasper-
mis.  Sp. pl. 2. p. 1002.
   Pursh, l.p. 337.
  Segments of the calyx obtuse.  Fruit small, red.  Pursh,
  Grows in copses and dr^ swamps.
  Flowers April—May.
  To this species probably belongs the Mespilus iEstivalis of Walter.
A shrub 8—10 feet high.   Leaves elliptic or  obovate,  unequally
and rather coarsely serrated, hairy underneath at  the axils of the
leaves, on short petioles, without glands.  Flowers in small corymbs.
Fruit large, red, acid, used for tarts or preserves.
  Grows in ponds.
  Flowers February—March.  Ripens its fruit in June: 
556        ICOSANDRIA DI—PENTAGYNIA.
   7.   Pyrifolia.

   C. spinosa inermisve ;
foliis  ovato-ellipticis, in-
ciso -serratis,     subplica-
tis,  subhirtis ;   calycibus
villosis ;  foliolis lineari-
lanceolatis, serratis; flori-
bus  trigynis.   Sp. pl. 2.
p. 1001.
   Pursh, 1. p. 337.
  Leaves large, acute, sometimes  acuminate at each end, slightly
lobed, irregularly serrate.  Corymbs many flowered.   Peduncles and
calyx tomentose.
  Grows in rocky and gravelly soils, and on the banks of rivers.  Pursh-
  Flowers
Spiny or unarmed; leaves
ovate elliptic, deeply ser-
rate,  somewhat  plaited
and hairy ;  calyx villous ;
leaflets  linear lanceolate,
serrate  ;  flowers  trigyn-
ous.
   8.  Arborescens.   E.
   C. inermis; foliis lan-
ceolatis,  utrinque acutis,
inciso-serratis, supra gla-
bris ;  corymbis  multiflo-
ris ; calycibus pilosis, la-
ciniis  subulatis,  integris ;
floribus pentagynis.  E.
                                 Unarmed; leaves lan^
                              ceolate, acute at each end,
                              deeply serrate,  glabrous
                              on the  upper  surface ;
                              corymbs many flowered;
                              calyx hairy, with the seg-
                              ments  subulate, entire j
                              flowers pentagynous.

  A small tree, 20—30 feet high, with spreading branches.   Leaves
on short petioles, irregularly serrate, sometimes  slightly lobed  to-
wards the summit, hairy underneath at the division of the veins.  Pe-
tioles a little hairy along  the margins.  Stipules  linear lanceolate,
shorter than the petioles, caducous.  Peduncles and calyx a little
hairy ; segments of the calyx obtuse, reflected.   Petals white.  In
the old trees which I saw  I could discover no spines.
  1 insert this species with some hesitation, yet I  know not  that it
has been described.  Its leaves resemble much those of the C. pyrifo-
lia, but are smaller, less distinctly plaited, and, excepting in the axils
of the veins, glabrous.  Its  calyx and pentagynous flowers also dis-
tinguish it from that species.
  Grows at Fort Argyle on the Ogeechee river.
  Flowers March. 
ieOSANDRIA Dl—PENTAGYNIA,       551
   Spiny;  leaves obovate
cuneate, angled, glabrous,
shining; petioles, stipules
and calyx glandular; flow-
ers   generally  solitary ;
berries turbinate, 4 seed-
ed.
   9.   Flay a.
  C. spinosa; foliis obova-
to-cuneatis, angulatis, gla-
bris, nitidis;  petiolis, sti-
pulis  calycibusque  glan-
dulosis; floribus  subsoli-
tariis;  baccis  turbinatis,
tetraspermis.  Sp.  pl. 2.
p. lOOii.
   Pursh, l.p. 338.
   C. viridis? Walt. p. 147.

  Plant 8—10 feet high.  Spines short, rather strong; young branches
and leaves villous ; old leaves obtuse and lobed at the summit, finely
serrate, hairy along the veins on both surfaces, abruptly narrowed at
base.  Stipuks somewhat reniform, and, with the petioles and seg-
ments of the calyx, serrated  with globular glands.  Corymbs few
flowered.  Fruit globular.
  This description is taken from the C viridis of  Walter, a  plant
whicli I refer here with  much hesitation, and in which the corymbs
are generally 5—6 flowered.
  Grows in the middle aad upper country of Carolina.
  Flowers March—April.
  Here also apparently belongs the summer haw of our southern sea-
islands. An  arborescent shrub, 8—14 feet high, with  coarse rimose
bark, resembling that of  the oak.  Leaves tapering  at  base, nearly
sessile, not serrate, merely margined with glandular dots, pubescent
in the axils of the veins and on tlie petioles: the young leaves some-
times slightly lobed, obtuse, with a small point at the  summit.  Flow-
ers frequently solitary, sometimes in very small corymbs,  pentagyn-
ous.  Fruit oval, red, 4 seeded, well flavoured.
  Grows in sandy soils ; ripens its fruit in August.  This variety dif-
fers from the C. viridis of Walter by its leaves, which are much more
glabrous, and different in their serratures, and by flowers  less numerous
in each corymb.
   10.   Viridis?
   C. spinosa ; foliis sub-
sessilibus, spathulato-ova-
tis, rotundato-lobatis, ser-
ratis, glabris ;   calycibus
glabris, laciniis glandulo-
so-serratis.   E.
   Spiny ;  leaves  nearly
sessile, spathulate ovate,
with round lobes, serrate,
glabrous; calyx glabrous,
the segments  with glan-
dular serratures.
Sp pl. 2. p. 1001.
Mespilus hyemalis, Walt. p. 148. 
552
ICOSANDRIA DI--PENTAGYNIA.
  Branches slender, with long, slender spines.  Leaves nearly sessile,
ovfte!spathulate at base, generally seven lobed, of which the two lower
are more distinct than the rest; lobes round m the mature leaf, acute
an the young.  Flowers in small corymbs.
  This description is taken from specimens sent me by Dr.  Muhlen-
berg as the real C. viridis of Linnseus.  It is  certainly a species very
distinct from the C coccinea.  To this plant however the syiionyme
of Gronovius, 163, cannot be referred.  The  C. glandulosa,  Mich  1.
p 288. which Pursh has referred to the C. flava, probably belongs here.
  The apple-haw of the low country of Carolina  apparently belongs
to this species.  An arborescent shrub, 8—14 feet high, with crooked
rigid branches.  Leaves nearly round, glabrous, 7 lobed,  abruptly
terminating at  base in a petiole  nearly an  inch long.  Flowers itt
small  corymbs.  Fruit very large, round, red, 3—4 seeded.
   Grows Pensylvania—Carolina.
  Flowers
11.   Spathulata.   Mich.
  C. subspinosa; foliis fas-
ciculatis,  longe cuneatis,
3-fidislobatisque,crenatis,
glabris ;  corymbis multi-
floris ; calycibus  glabris,
laciniis  ovatis,  integerri-
mis.   E.
 Somewhat spiny; leaves
clustered, with a  long ta-
pering base, 3 cleft  and
lobed,  crenate, glabrous;
corymbs many flowered;
calyx glabrous, segments
ovate,  entire.
   Mich. 1. p. 288.  Pursh, 1. p. 336.
  A small tree 12—15 feet high.   Leaves in short  lateral fascicles^
some distinctly 3 cleft,  others irregularly lobed, the lobes all crenate,
the base long and tapering to a petiole.  Flowers in lateral corymbs,
numerous, on pedicels nearly as  long as the leaves.  Calyx small, gla-
brous;  segments short,  ovate obtuse   Corolla white  Styles 5.
  Grows in the upper Districts of Georgia and Carolina ; in Colum-
bia county, Georgia, common—I have not seen it in the low country..
  Flowers April.
12.   Apiifolia.   Mich.
   C. spinosa ;  foliis delt-
oideo-ovatis, inciso-loba-
tis.  lobis  inciso-serratis,
pilosis ; calycibus pilosis,
laciniis serratis; floribus
digvnis.
   Mich. 1 p. 287.  Pursh, 1. p.
   C. oxyacantha.  Walt. p. 147.
    Spiny; leaves  deltoid
 ovate, notehed and lobed,
 lobes    deeply   serrate,
 hairy ;  calyx  hairy, with
 the  segments  serrate ,
 flowers digynous.
36. 
KJOSANDRIA DI---PENTAGYNIA.        55*3
   A handsome shrub 4—12 feet high.  Leaves in small fascicles, on
 ipng petioles.  Stipules linear lanceolate, nearly glabrous Spines 1—2
 inches long.  Corymbs simple, few flowered (5—6;.  Calyx turbinate,
 hairy segments reflected.   Corolla white.  Styles generally 2, serae-
, times 3.
   Grows in close damp soils.
   Flowers March—April.
13.   POPULIFOLIA.   Walt.
   Spiny ;   leaves  evate^
somewhat   truncate  at
base,  very   acutely  ser-
rate  and slightly lobed;
petioles sparingly glandu-
lar; flowers pentagynous*
   C. spinosa ;  foliis ova-
tis, basi subtruncatis,  a-
cutissime  serratis  sublo-
batisque ; petiolis parce
glandulosis; floribus pen-
tagynis.   E.
   Walt. p. 147.
  A shrub, with slender branches, and very large strong spines which
are sometimes branched.   Leaves small, with the  serratures acumi-
nate.  Petioles  nearly an  inch long, and, with the leaves, sprinkled
with a few hairs  Flowers in small corymbs, white.
  This plant bears no resemblance to  the C. cordata of this sketch,
but much to the C. coccinea.  It differs however from that bv its"
leaves, which are much smaller, more ovate and obtuse at base  The
leaves of this species indeed are so obtuse at base that they must
frequently become subcordate.
  Grows St. Johns, Santee.
  Flowers April.
   14.   Coccinea.
   C. spinosa; foliis longe
petiolatis, ovatis, acutissi-
me   lobatis  serratisque,
glabris ;  petiolis,  calyci-
busque    pubescentibus,
glandulosis; floribus pen-
   Spiny ;  leaves on long
petioles,  ovate,  very  a-
cutelv lobed snd serrate,
glabrous  ;  petioles  and
pubescent calyx glandu-
lar; flowers pentagynous.
tagynis.   E.
   Sp. pl 2. p. 1000,  Mich. 1. p. 288.  Pursh, 1. p. 337.
  A small tree4   Leaves obtuse at base, scarcely cordate, glabrous
when mature*  lobes numerous, generally acuminate, sharply serrate*
Corymbs many flowered.  Peduncles hairy.
r.ed, large, eatable.
  Grows from Canada to Carolina, along the mountainsr
  Jflowers
                        X .3
Flowers white.   Fruit 
554        ICOSANDRIA Dl--PENTAGYNIA.
   Leaves  cordate, cune.
ate, entire, dentate, 3—5
lobed ;
teate  ;
leafy.
 peduncles  brae
calyx somewhat
   15.   CAROLINIAN*.
   C. foliis cordatis, cunei-
formibus,  integris, denta-
tis.  3—5  lobisque ;  pe-
dunculis bracteatis; caly-
cibus subfoliaceis.   Poir.
Ency. 4. 443.  sub Mespi-
lo.
   Pers. 2. p. 36.
  This species is an obscure one.  The description is not satisfactory,
but it can scarcely be a synonyme of the C. flava, where  Pursh has
placed it.
  Fruit yellow, pear-shaped.
  Grows in Carolina.
  Flowers
   Spiny;  leaves cordate
ovate,   pinnatifid,   lobed
and angled, glabrous; pe-
tioles and  calyx without
glands ;  flowers  penta-
gynous.
   16.   CORDATA.
   C. spinosa;  foliis cor-
dato-ovatis,   pinnatifido-
lobatis angulatisque, gla-
bris ; petiolis  calycibus-
que  eglandulosis ;  flori-
bus perttagynis.
   Sp.pl  2* p. 1000.
   C. populifolia, Pursh, l.p* SS7.

  A large shrub.  Leaves 3—5—7 lobes, acuminate, acutely serrate*
when young pubescent along the veins.   .• etioles slender, short.
Stipules subulate, serrate.  Corymbs  compound.  Segments of the
calyx short, obtuse.   Fruit small, globose, depressed, red.
  Grows along the banks of rivers near the mountains.
  Flowers
  This genus is probably an  extensive  one.  Our southern species
require to be compared more carefully »vith  those of the northern
states than has  yet been  done.  !*ome  of the species enumerated
above are obscure, and some more might have been added.  The C.
coccinea of Walter seems to differ from anv species I have described,
resembling most the C. viridis, but with  some  leaves pinnatifid as in
C  cordata.  In this genus however the leaves on the young branches
differ frequently so much from those  on the old, that specimens are
to be viewed with great caution. 
1 COS ANURIA DI—PENTAGYNIA.       #5$
SORBUS.   Gen. pl. 855.
                               Calyx superior, 5 cleft.
                            Petals 5.  Styles 3.  Ber-
                            ry 3 seeded.   Seeds car-
                            tilaginous.

                               Leaves  pinnate ;  leaf-
                            lets acuminate, unequally
                            and  deeply serrate,  and
                            with the common petiole
                            glabrous;  serratures mu-
                            cronate with bristles.
   S. aucuparia, var. a. Mich. 1. p. 290.
  A large shrub; the young branches dark and glossy.  Berries small.
scarlet.  Pursh.
  Grows on the highest mountains.
  Flowers June.
  Calyx superus. 5-fidus.
Petala 5.  Stylis.  Bacca
3-sperma.   Semina  car-
tilaginea.
   1.   Micro carpa.
   S. foliis pinnatis ; folio-
lis  acuminatis, ineequali-
ter inciso-serratis,  petio-
loque  communi  glabris;
serratuiis setaceo- mucro-
natis.   Pursh, l p. 341.
SESUVIUM.   Gen. pl. 856.
   Calyx 5-partitus, colo-
ratus.   Petala 0.   Cap-
sula  ovata,   8-locularis,
circumscissa,   polysper-
ma.
   1.   Pedunculatum ? DeCandolle.
  S. foliis lineari-lanceola-
tis, obtusis, carnosis ; flo-
ribus solitariis, axillaribus,
pedunculatis,  polyandris.
E.
   Pers. syn. 2. p. 39.
   S. portulacastrum, Sp. pl. 2. p. 1009.
  Stem prostrate, terete, jointed, sueculent, very glabrous, branching.
Leaves opposite, very entire, succulent, taperiug  at base to a very
short petiole.  Pedtmcks about half an inch long.  Calyx persistent j
segments acute, the interior with the margins membianaceous, .hite
on the inner surface.  Filaments very numerous (50—60), inserted
  Calyx 5 parted, colour-
ed.   Petals 0.   Capsule
ovate, 3  celled,  circum-
scissed, many seeded.
   Leaves  linear  lanceo-
late,  obtuse, succulent ;*
flowers solitary, axillary,
on short peduncles, poly-
androus. 
556        IGOSANDRIA DI-^-PENTAGYNlA*
into the base of the calyx, unequal, white, shorter than the calyx.
Anthers didymous, of a beautiful rose colour.  Germ superior. Styles
3, a little longer than the stamens. Stigmas  simple,  obtuse.  Seeds
numerous, reniform, olue, attached to a central receptacle.
  The capsule of this plant has perhaps  been  incorrectly considered
as circumscissed. It has towards  the summit  three sutures distinctly
marked, but the base is membranaceous, very delicate, and appears
to decay or tear as the seed becomes mature,  suffering the more sub-
stantial summit to fall off without  opening.
  Grows on the drifting sands along the margin of the ocean.
  Flowers July—November.
   £.   Pentanurum.    E.
   S. foliis lineari lanceo-
latis,  obtusis,   carnosis ;
floribus  solitariis,   arete
sessilibus, pentandris.   E.
   Leaves linear lanceo-
late, obtuse,  succulent;
flowers  solitary, closely
sessile, pentandrous.
   S. sessile ?  Pers. syn. 2. p. 39.
   Pharnaceum maritimum, Walt. p. 117.
  To the preceding species  this has an entire resemblance, differing
onlv in its sessile flowers, which are  regularly pentandrous. The de-
scription of the S. sessile in Persoon is too short to enable me to de-
termine whether we mean the same plant   Yet 1 cannot imagine that
if this plant had been before Mons. De Candolle, by whom the S* ses-
sile was established, so remarkable  a  character  as its  pentandrous
flower would have escaped his notice.
  It is a little singular that Walter should have noticed this species,
which is very rare even in Charleston harbour where only I have seen
it. and overlooked the preceding, which is common, and diffused along
our  whole coast.  I believe, however, that Walter's knowledge of
our sea-coast plants was principally derived from the late Mr. Robert
Squibb, who resided in Charleston.
  Grows along the margins of the salt water, around Charleston. Sul-
'i van's Island ; Dr. Macbride.
  Flowers July—November.
   Calyx 5-dentatus.  Pe-
tala   5.    Bacca  infera,
5—10 -locularis,   loculis
l—g-spermis.    Semina
cartilaginea.
   l.   Arbutifolia.
   A. inermis ; foliis obo-
vatis,  acuminatis,  crena-
ARONIA.   Pers.
               Calyx 5 toothed.   Pe-
tals 5.    Berry  inferior,
5—10 celled,  cells  l—2
seeded.   Seeds  cartilagi-
nous.

   Unarmed; leaves obo-
vate,  acuminate; crenate 
ICOSANDRIA DI—PENTAGYNlA.
557
 to-dentatis, subtus tomen-   dentate,  tomentose  un-
 tosis ; floribus corymbo-   derneath;  flowers m co-
 sis ;   calycibus  tomento-   rymbs; calyx tomentose.
 sis.   Sp. pl 2. p. 1012.
    Pursh,  1. p. 339.
    Mespilus arbutifolia, var. erythrocarpa, Mich. 1. p.  291.  Walt.
    p.  148.
  A shrub 3—8 feet high, sparingly  branched.  Leaves alternate,
 sometimes lanceolate, on petioles scarcely half an inch long. Flowers
 in terminal corymbs.  Calyx campanulate; the segments erect, acute,
 serrate with glands.  Petals nearly round, with short claws at base,
 white, tinged when young with red.  Stamens 20—24,  shorter than
 the corolla, Anthers rose coloured.   Germ superior, very villous.
 Styles shorter than the stamens.  Stigmas globose.  Fruit small, red.
  Var.  a. tomentosa; with the stem 5—8 feet high; calyx and under
          surface of the leaves tomentose.
£■ —— b. glabra ; with the stem 3—5 feet high ; calyx glabrous ;
          leaves when expanding  a little hairy, when  mature gla-
          brous on both surfaces.
  Grows in damp soils, along the margins of swamps, &c.
  Flowers March—April.
   2.   Melanoca\rpa.
   A. inermis ;  foliis obo-
vato-oblongis,  acumina-
tis,  serratis,  subtus  gla-
bris ;   floribus  corymbo-
sis ; calycibus  glabris.—
Willd.  enum. 525.
   Unarmed;  leaves obo-
vate  oblong, acuminate,
serrate, glabrous  under-
neath ;  flowers   in  co-
rymbs ; calyx glabrous.
   Pursh, 1. p. 339.
   Mespilus arbutifolia, var. melanocarpa, Mich. 1. p. 292.
  Berries large, black.
  I have never seen this mountain species or variety of Aronia, but it
appears to differ in nothing but its fruit from the glabrous varietv of
the A. arbutifolia.
  Grows on the high mountains of Virginia and Carolina*
  Flowers May.
   3.   BOTRYAPIUM.
   A. inermis ; foliis  cor-
dato-ovalibus,  acumina-
tis, adultis glabris;  flori-
bus   racemosis ;  petalis
lineari-lanceolatis  ;   ger-
   Unarmed; leaves cor-
date   oval,   acuminate,
when mature glabrous ;
flowers in  racemes ; pe-
tals   linear   lanceolate : 
55&        ICOSANDRIA DI--PENTAGYNlA.
minibus  pubescentibus  ;
calycis segmentis glabris.
Sp. pl. 2. p  lOli.
germs  pubescent ;   seg,
ments  of the  calyx gla-
brous.
Pursh, I. p. 339.
Mespilus Canadensis ? Walt. p. 148.
.------------------var. cordata, Mich. 1. p.
291.
  A small tree, 10—12 feet high. Leaves, particularly when young,
heart shaped and covered with a silky pubescence ; in the old leaves
these characters frequently disappear.  Flowers in simple, terminal
racemes, expanding before the leaves*  Calyx villous on  the interior
surface.  Petals white, obtuse,  slightly 2 toothed at the summit, 4
times as long as the calyx.  Filaments  unequal, much shorter than
the corolla.  Styks pubescent at base, as long as the shorter stamens.
Fruit red, eatable.
  Grows in rich, light soils.
  Flowers February—March.
   4.  Ovalis.
   A. inermis; foliis sub-
rotundo-ellipticis,  acutis,
glabris;  floribus racemo-
sis ;  petalis  obovatis ;
germinibus   calycisque
segmentis  pubescentibus.
Sp. pl. 2. p.  1014.
   Pursh, 1. p. 340.
   Mespilus Canadensis, var. obovalis, Mich. 1. p. 291.
   M. Amelanchier ? Walt. p. 148.
  A small  shrub, 2—3 feet high.  Leaves very glabrous when old.
Flowers in simple, terminal racemes.  {Fruit black, eatable.  Pursh.)
  Rare in  the  low country.  I have only seen it once in stiff" clay soil.
about 12 miles from Savannah, on the Augusta road,
  Flowers March.
   Unarmed; leaves  el-
liptic, neaily round, acute,
glabrous; flowers in  ra-
cemes ;  petals  obovate ;
germ and  segments  of
the calyx pubescent.
PYRUS.
 Ca\ux superus, 5-fidus.
Petala 5.   Styli 5.   Po-
mum magnum, carnosum,
5-loculare, polyspermum,
Semina cartilaginea,
   Calyx superior, 5 cleft.
Petals 5.  Styles 5.  Apple
large,  fleshy, 5  celled,
many seeded.  Seeds car-
tilaginous. 
ICOSANDRIA DI—PENTAGYNIA.
659
     Leaves  broad  oval,
round at base, somewhat
angled,  serrate, smooth 5
peduncles corymbose.
   1.   Coronaria.
   P.  foliis lato-ovalibus,
basi rotundatis, subangu-
latis,   serratis,  laevibus ;
pedunculis   corymbosis.
Sp. pl.  2. p. 1018.
   Pursh, 1. p. 340.
   Malus coronaria, Mich. 1. p. 292.
  A tree, 20—30 feet high, with spreading branches.  Leaves large»
frequently ovate, with irregular serratures.  Flowers ornamental,
very fragrant, in large terminal corymbs.  Fruit depressed, umbilr-
cate.
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers April.
  Leaves  oblong lanceo-
late, acute at base, slight-
ly crenate  dentate, shi-
ning;  peduncles corym*
bose.
  2.   Angustifolia.
  P.  foliis  oblongo-lan-
ceolatis, basi acutis, levi-
ter  crenato-dentatis,  ni-
tidis ;  pedunculis corym-
bosis.   Sp. pl. 3. p. 1020.
   Pursh, 1. p. 340.
   Pyrus coronaria, Walt. p. 148.
   Malus angustifolia, Mich. 1. p. 292.
  A small tree, 15—20 feet high, resembling the preceding species
very much, but differing in the size of the leaves and fruit, and some-
what in the figure of the leaves themselves.  The flowers, like those
of the preceding species, are very beautiful and fragrant.
  Grows in stiff, damp, clay soils.
  Flowers March.
SPIRAEA.   Gen. pl. 86s.
   Calyx inferus, 5-fidus,
patens.   Petala 5, sequa-
lia, subrotunda.   Stami-
na plurima, exerta. Cap-
sz//#plurim8e(3—12), in-
terne bivalves, l—3 sper-
nue.
   Calyx inferior, 5 cleft,
expanding.   Petals 5, e-
qual, nearly round,  sta-
mens numerous, exserted.
Capsules many  (3—12),
2  valved  on the  inner
side, 1—3 seeded. 
56-0       ICOSANDRIA DI--PENTAGYNIA,
Leaves lanceolate, sharp-
ly serrate, glabrous  ;  ra-
cemes  terminal,    com-
pound, panicled; flowers
pentagynous.
    1.  Salicifolia.
    S. foliis lanceolatis, ar-
 gute serratis, glabris ; ra-
 cemo terminaii composi-
 to,  paniculato ;   floribus
 pentagynis.   Sp. pl. 2. p.
 1055.
   Mich. 1. p. 293.  Pursh, 1. p. 341.  Nutt. 1. p. 307.
  A shrub, 3—6 feet high, with the  young branches slender, some*
what angled and slightly pubescent.  Leav s slightly glaucous under-
neath, a little hairy along the veins and margin.  Segments of the
calyx lanceolate, inflected after the flowers fall.  Petals shorter than
the  calyx, white, with very short claws. Stamens inserted on a glan-
dular ring at the summit of the tube of the calyx.  Germs 5, united
at base, styles shorter  than the stamens.  Capsules 5.  Seeds manv
in each capsule.
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.
  Flowers June—July.
   2.  Tomentosa.
   S. foliis ovato-lanceo-
latis, insequaliter serratis,
subtus tomentosis ; race-
mo  terminali   composi-
to, confertifloro;  floribus
pentagynis.  Sp. pl. 2. p.
   Leaves  ovate  lanceo-
late,  unequally   serrate,
tomentose  underneath ;
racemes  terminal, com-
pound, thickly flowered;
flowers  pentagynous.
1056.
   Mich. 1. p. 293.  Pursh, 1. p. 341.  Nutt, 1. p  307.
  A shrub, 3—6 feet high, with the young virgate branches ferrugi-
nous and tomentose.  Leaves sometimes oval or lanceolate,  rugose,
hoary  underneath.  Calyx  tomentose; segments reflected ? Petals
small, purple, sometimes 3 lobed, hairy on the outer surface.  Sta-
mens and styles us long as the corolla.  Seeds few in each capsule.
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers June—July.
  3.  Opulifolia.
  S.  foliis  ovatis, lobatis,
duplicato-dentatis  crena-
tisve, glabris ;   corymbis
terminalibus,  confertiflo-
   Leaves ovate,  lobed,
doubly  toothed  or  cre-
nate, glabrous ; conmbs
terminal,  thickly  flower- 
ICOSINORIA DT—PENTAGW1A.
561
ed ; flowers trigynous ;
capsules  inflated.
ris :   floribus  trigynis ;
capsulis  inflatis.   Sp. pl.
2. p. 1059.
   Mich. 1. p. 293.  Pursh, 1 p. 342.  Nutt. 1. p. 307.

  A  shrub, like the preceding species, with lobed leaves.  Flowers
■clustered, white, in umbellate corymbs
  Grows along water courses among the mountains of Carolina and
Georgia.
  Flowers June—July.
   Leaves 2—3 pinnate ;
spikes in panicles ^flow-
ers trigynous, dioicous.
   4.   AltUNCUS,
   S. foliis 2—8-pinnatis;
spicis  paniculatis;  flori-
bus trigynis.  dioicis.   Sp.
pb 2. p. 343.
   Mich. 1. p. 294.  Pursh, 1. p. 343.  Nutt. 1. p. S07.
  Root perennial.  Plant glabrous.  Flowers small, composed of nu«
merous slender spikes.
  Grows on the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers June—July.
   5.   L<»B\TA.
   S.  foliis pinnatis, gla-
bris,  impari  madjore,  7-
lobo, lateralibus 4-lobis ;
corymbis  proliferis   Sp.
pl. 2s p. 10&2
    Leaves pinnate,  gla-
brous, the  terminal  one
large, 7  I »bed, the latnal
3 lobed ; corymbs  pruli-
ferous.
   Mich. 1. p. 294.  Pursh, 1. p. 343  Nutt. I. p. 307.
  Root  perennial.   Leaflets  somewhat palmate; lobes lanceolate,
doubly 6errate.  Cyme compound.   Flowers rose coloured, with 3—5
styles.  Mich.
  Grows in fertile, wet meadows, near the mountains.
  Flowers June—August.
GILLENIA.   Moench.
   Calyx  subcampanula-
tus,  5-dentatus.    Petala
   lanceolata,  basi  idttr-
         Stumina  pauca,
"J
nata.
   Calyx somewhat cam-
panulate, j toothed.   Pe-
tals  5, lanceolate, taper-
ing at base.  Stamens lew,
Y 3 
563
ICOSANDRIA DI--PENTAGYNIA.
included.  Styles 5.  Cap*
sule 5-celled, cells 3 seed-
ed.
inclusa.   Styli 5»   Cap-
sula   5-locularis,  loculis
S-spermis.
   1.   Trifoliata.
   G.  foliis  ternatis,  lan-
ceolatis,  serratis ;  stipu-
lis  linearibus, integris ;
floribus ltxe paniculatis,
5-gynis;  calyce tubuloso,
campanulato.
   Nutt. 1. p. 307.
   Spirsea trifoliata,  Sp. pl. 2. p. 1063.   Mich. 1. p. 294.  Pursh, I,
    p. 343.
  Root perennial.  Stem herbaceous, 1—2 feet high.  Leaves lanceo-
late, slightly acuminate, doubly serrate, with the  serratures acumi-.
nate, glabrous.  Stipules very minute.  Panicle terminal, few flower-
ed. Petals long, white.
  The capsules appear to me certainly distinct, as in Spiraea.
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers June—August.
    Leaves ternate,  lan-
ceolate, serrate ;  stipules
linear,  entire ;  flowers
in loose panicles, 5-gyn-
nous; calyx tubular, cam-
panulate.
   2.   Stipulacea.   Muhl
   G   foliis  ternatis,  lan-
ceolatis,   inciso-serratis ;
stipulis  foliaceis,  ovatis,
inciso-dentatis ;  floribus
laxe paniculatis, 5-gynis;
calyce   campanulato.—
Willd. enum.
   Leaves ternate, lance-
olate,  deeply  serrate ;
6tipules  leaf-like, ovate,
notched   and   toothed ;
flowers in loose panicles,
5-gynous;   calyx  cam-
panulate.
   Nutt. 1. p. 303.
   Spirxa stipulacea, Muhl. Cat.  Pursh, 1. p. 343.       '-
  In habit resembling the preceding species.  Leaves narrow, lanceo-
late, deeply serrate, glabrous.  Stipules Urge, leaf-like, ovate, lance:
olate, deeply notched.   Flowers white.
  Grows near the Saluda mountains.  Dr. Macbride*
  Flowers June—Jul v.* 
IfJOS ANURIA rOLYCYNlA.
£83
POLYGYNIA.
ROSA.   Gen. pl. 863.
   Calyx urceolatus, collo
6oarctatus, 5-fidus. Peta-
la  5.   Semina  plurima,
hispida,  calycis  interiori
lateri affixa.

   1.  Parviflora.
   R. fructibus  globosis,
pedunculisque   hispidis;
petiolis    pubescentibus,
subaculeatis ;  aculeis sti-
pularibus rectis;  foliolis
elliptico-lanceolatis, sim-
phciter  serratis, glabris;
floribus  subgeminatis.—
Pursh,  1* p. 344.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 1068.
   R. Caroliniana, Mich. 1. p. 295.
  Root creeping.   Stem about 2 feet high, glabrous, dotted; branches
somewhat geniculate. Leaves quinate ; the lateral leaflets generally
Oval, obtuse; the  terminal lanceolate, acute—all  a little hairy but
lucid on the upper surface, pubescent and paler on the lower.  Spines
by pairs at the base of each petiole, generally straight, sometimes re-
curved, smaller ones irregularly scattered along the stem. Flowers
terminal, solitary, sometimes by pairs.  Calyx  somewhat hispid;
the segments subulate, acuminate, the 3 exterior laciniate.  Petals
•bovate, emarginate.  The mature fruit nearly glabrous.
  Grows in dry, fertile soils; in Chatham county, Georgia, not un-
common.
  Flowers May—June.
   Calyx urceolate,  con-
tracted  at the  throat,  5
cleft.   Petals  5.   Seeds
numerous, hispid, attach-
ed to the interior side of
the calyx.

  Fruit globose, and, with
the  peduncles,  hispid  ;
petioles pubescent, some-
what prickly; the stipular
prickles straight ;  leaves
elliptic lanceolate, simply
serrate, glabrous; flowers
generally in  pairs.
   2.   LCCIDA.
   R. fructibus depresso-
globosis,  pedunculisque
subhispidis; petiolis gla-
  Fruit globular, depress-
ed, and, with  the pedun-
cles,  somewhat bispid,,*' 
964
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
bris,  subaculeatis ; caule
glabro ; aculels  -tipulari-
bus^rectis ; f< diolis ovato-
hmceolatis. obtusiusculis,
grosse  serratis,  glabris,
nitidis; floribus  subgemi-
nis ;  calycis foliolis  inte-
gris.   Pursh, 1. p. 341.
o
                              petioles  glabrous  and a
                              little prh-kly :   stem gla-
                              brous ;  stipular  prickles
                              straight :  leaflets   ovate
                              lanceolate,  obtuse,  with
                              large serratures, glabrous,
                              shini'ig: flowers general-
                              ly in pairs ;  segments of
                              the  calyx entire.
   Sp. pl 2. p. 1068
   R. Carolina ?  Walt. p. 149.
  A shrub, 4—6 feet high, with creeping roots, and erect, glabrous,
coloured steins;  small  branches somewhat geniculate and  hairy.
Leaflets  generally seven, rather acute,  pubescent along the margin
and the under  surface, paler beneath :  prickles in pairs, recurved.
Flower* in small corymbs ; the branches frequently triflorous  Seg-
ments of the calyx foliaceous, loiger than the corolla, pubescent, three
of them  laciniate, two simple   Petals obcordate.
 I am not certain that the plant 1 have described is the real R. Iucida
of Willdenow. and therefore I have left the specific character unaltered,
although the description below will be found to differ from it in sev-
eral particulars.  Tliis species has usually been  considered in this
country  as the 11. Caroliniana
  Grows along the margins of swamps*  Common.
  Flowers May.
   3.   Gemella.
   R.  fructibus depresso-
globosis,   pedunculisque
glabris; floribus simgem-
inatis; foliis  oblongis, a-
cutis, opacis ; petiolis, ve-
nisque subtus,  pubescen-
tibus ;  aculeis  stipulari-
bus uneinatis,  geminatis.
Willd. enum. 544.
   Pursh, 1. p. 344.
   Fruit globose depress-
ed, and, with the  pedun-
cles,  glabrous  ;  flowers
generally by pairs; leaves
oblong,  acute,  opaque  ;
petioles  and under sur-
face  of  the veins  pubes-
cent  ;   stipular  prickles
houked,  by pairs.
   Branches  slender, somewhat smooth, and  glaucous.   Leaflets
7, smaller, thinner and  more acutely serrate  than the last, rather
glaucous and  downy beneath, their  veins as  if fringed.  Leaf-stalks
and stipuks hnely downy and hoary.   Flowers terminal, in pairs on
short, smooth peduncles, enveloped in large  downy b.acteas.  Germ
exactly globular, quite smooth and naked,   Segments  of the calyx 
leOSANDRlA POLYGYNIA.
565
smooth at the base, downy at the edges and toward the summit, sim-
ple^ spathulate ai the end. Smith in Rees Cyclop, sub Rosa.
  Grows on dry,sunny hills.  A low shrub, with large flowers.  Pursh,
  Flowers July.
   4.   SuriGEiiA.   Mich,
   R. fructibus  globosis;
petiolis  venisque aculea.
tis ; ramis glabris ;  acu-
leis geminis sparsisque;
foliolis (3—5)  acumina-
tis,  glabris;  calycis  fo.
liolis subpennatim setige-
ris.   Mich.  l. p. 295.
   Pursh, l.p. 345.
  Leaves glabrous,  acuminate.  Prickles sparingly scattered  along
the branches, besides the pair at the base of each leaf.  Mich.
  Grows in the low  country of Carolina.
  Flowers
    Fruit  globose,   with
the  petioles  and  veins
prickly ;  branches  gla-
bious; prickles  by pairs
and  scattered ;   leaflets
(3—5)  acuminate,  gla-
brous ; leaflets of the calyx
feathered with bristles.
   5.  Carolina.
   R.  fructibus  globosis,
pedunculisque   subhispi-
dis ;  petiolis pilosis, sub-
aculeatis ;  caule glabro ;
aculeis  stipularibus sub-
uncinatis ; foliolis (5—7)
oblongo-lanceolatis, acu-
tis,  argute serratis, sub-
tus glaucis ;  floril.us  co-
rymbosis.  Pursh,  1. p.
345.
  Fruit globose, and, with
the peduncles, somewhat
hispid ;   petioles  hairy,
somewhat prickly ; stem
glabrous; stipular prickles
hooked ;  leaflets  (5—7)
oblon» lanceolate, aeute,
sharply  serrate,   glau-
cous underneath; flowers
in corymbs.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 1069.
   R. Pennsylvanica, Mich. 1. p. 296.

  A shrub, 5—6 feet high, erect, bushy, with red, smooth and some-
what glaucous branches.  Leaflets large, finely serrate, glaucous and
pubescent underneath.  Flowers  numerous in  each corymb, large,
crimson, on short peduncles.  Smith, in Cyclop.
  Grows in  shaded, rich, damp soils.  Rare in this country, from
which its name has  been derived.  It is probable that the R  lucida
io common in our swamps, was really the original It. Carolina.
  Flowers 
566
B30SANDRIA POLYGYNlA,
   6.   Lutescens.  Pursh.
   R.  fructibus  globosis,
pedunculisque   glabris ;
ramulis hispido-spinosis;
foliolis (7) glabris,  ovali-
bus,  acuminato-serrahy;
petiolis inermibus; flori-
bus solitariis;  laciniis ca-
lycis lanceolatis, cuspida-
tis; petalis ovalibus,  ob-
tusissimis.   Pursh, 2. p.
735.
  Flowers white, with a faint tinge of yellow.
  Grows in Carolina; Pursh.  Cultivated in the gardens in England.
Perhaps a garden variety.
  Flowers
  Fruit globose, and, witli
the peduncles, glabrous ;
branches  hispid spiny ;
leaflets  (7)  glabrous, o-
val,  with  the  serratures
acuminate; petioles  un-
armed ;  flowers solitary;
segments   of the  calyx
lanceolate, cuspidate;  pe-
tals oval, very obtuse.
   7.   Suave olens.
   R. fructibus ovatis; pe-
dunculis petiolisque glan-
duloso-hispidis ;   caule
glabro, aculeis  tenuibus,
subrecurvis
foliolis
   Fruit ovate, with  the
peduncles  and   petioles
glandularly hispid; stem
glabrous,  prickles slen-
der,  slightly  recurved  ;
leaflets (5- *7) round el-
liptic, pubescent on  the
upper,  glandular on  the
lower surface.
(5—7)   rotundato-ellip-
ticis,  supra  pubescenti-
bus, subtus subglandulo-
sis.    Smith  in  Cyclop.
sub  Rosa.
   Pursh, 1. p. 346.
  Branches long, slender; prickles long.  Flowers pink, small, often
but not always solitary.  Segments of the calyx not always simple,
2 of them frequently pinnate.  Fruit smooth or somewhat prickly.
Smith.
  Grows near the mountains, where it is called wild sweet briar, and
is considered as indigenous.
  Flowers May.
   8.   Ljevigata.   Mich.
   R.  fructibus oblongis,
hsipidis; foliis perennanti-
   Fruit  oblong,  hispid ;
leaves perennial, ternate; 
iCOSANnRIA POLYGYNlA.            567
bus, ternatis ; foliolis Ian-   leaflets  lanceolate,   ser-
ceolatis,  serratis,   coria-   rate,  coriaceous,  lucid ;
ceis, lueidis;  floribus soli-   flowers solitary, terminal.
tariis, terminalibus.   E.
   Mich. 1. p. 295.  Pursh, 1. p. 345.
  A shrub, with long flexible branches, which may be trained  to  18*
15 or 20 feet high, but when left unsupported fall to the earth and
take root; branches glabrous, and  armed with  very strong recurved
prickles.  Leaves very glossy and  smooth, prickly along the under
side of the  midrib, venr rarely quinate.  Flowers on small  lateral
branches.  Segments of the calyx unequal, all  acuminate, 2 leaflike
at the summit, serrate.   Petals white,  obovate, obtuse, with a point
irregularly crenulate.
  This plant in its habit  and appearance has very little resemblance
to its congeners.   It has been cultivated in the gardens in Georgia
for upwards of 40 years, under the name of the "Cherokee Rose,**
but its origin is still obscure.
  In our rural economy this plant will  one day become very import-
ant.  For the purpose of forming hedges, there is perhaps no plant,
which unites so many advantages. For quickness of growth, facility of
culture, strength, durability and beauty, it  has perhaps no rival.
  Grows in moist soils, preferring close, rich loam.
  Flowers April, principally, but occasionally through the summer.
RUBUS.   Gen. pl. 864.
   Calyx patens,  5-fidus.
Petala 5.  Bacca compo-
sita, acinis monospermis.

   1.  VlLLOSUS.
   R. pubescens,  hispidus
aculeatusque ; caule an-
gulato ;  foliis (3—5) di-
gitatis,   ovali-lanceolatis,
acuminatis, duplicato-ser-
ratis; racemo laxo, pedi-
cellis  solitariis.
   Sp. pl. 2. p. 1085.   Mich. l.p.
   R. fruticosus, Walt.
   Calyx expanding, 5 cleft.
  Petals  5.   Berry  com-
  pound,  with the acini  or
  pulpy grains one seeded.

    Pubescent, hispid and
  prickly ;  stem  angled ;
  leaves   (3—5)  digitate,
  oval  lanceolate,  acumi-
  nate, doubly serrate; ra-
  cemes  loose,   with the
  pedicels solitary.
297.  Pursh, 1 p. 346.
   tv. irmicusus,  w mi.

  Root creeping, stoloniferous.  Stem generally erect, 4—
flexuous, branching 5 the young branches pubescent, the
Stem generally erect, 4—8 feet high^,
     :nes pubescent, the old nearfcr 
g68            ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNlA.
slabrous: all armed with rigid, reflexed, prickles.   Leaves frequently
acute  villous, particularly on the under surface, prickly along  the
mhlrib, obtuse, and even slightly cordate at base; the intermediate
leaflet longer, on a petiole about half an inch long, the lateral ones
nearly sessile.  Stipules, 2 at the base of each petiole, small, subulate,
hairy.  Flowers in  simple racemes,  which, from the length  of  the
lower peduncles, resemble corymbs;  a stipule  at the base of each
peduncle, ovate, generally 3  cleft,  persistent.   Calyx  persistent\
segments ovate, mucronate, hairy without, tomentose within.  Petals
obovate, white, 3—4 times as long  as the calyx.  Filaments short.
Anthers at first nearly white, afterwards purple.   Fruit black, tolera-
bly well flavoured, though  with a perceptibly bitter taste.
  Grows in damp soils, forming compact and almost impenetrable
thickets.
  Flowers April; ripens its fruit in June,    High bush-blackberry.
2.   Cuaeifolius.    Pursh.
   Stem, petioles and pe-
duncles pubescent; stem
erect,   slightly   angled ;
leaves  ternate ;   leaflets
oval lanceolate, acute, cu-
neate  at   base,  dentate,
plicate, tomentose under-
neath ;  racemes  loose;
pedicels l  flowered.
   R.  caule,   petiolis  pe-
dunculisque   pubescenti-
bus ;  caule  erecto,  sub-
ansulato ; foliis ternatis ;
foliolis   ovali-lanceolatis,
acutis, basi cuneatis, den-
tatis,  plicatis,  subtus  to
mentosis ; racemis laxis ;
pedicellis  unifloris.   E.
   Pursh, 1. p. 347.
   R. parvifolius, Walt. p. 149.

  Stem about 2 feet high, erect, slightly angled, armed with subulate}
recurved  prickles, bearing a few  branches.  Leaves  rarely  quinate,
plicate, coarsely and doubly serrate, hairy on the  upper surface, to-
mentose  and glaucous  underneath, tapering towards the base, then
terminating abruptly.  Petioles prickly, somewhat tomentose.  Ra-
cemes simple at  the  end  of the branches, resembling corymbs from
the length of the inferior peduncles.  Segments 6( the calyx lanceo-
late, acuminate, 3 nerved, tomentose.  Petals oval, thrice as long as
the calyx, white, tinged with rose-colour,  F'ruit  ovate, juicy, eata-
ble.   "
  The fruit in this species is by no means dry,as mentioned by Pursh.
It is perhaps superior in flavour ami size to the preceding.
  Grows  in dry soils.
  Flowers April.  Ripens its fruit in June.


   3.   OCCIOENTALIS.
   R.  ramis   petiolisque       Branches  and petioles
glaucis aculeatisque ; lb-   glaucous   and  prickly  ; 
ICOSANDRIA  POLYGYNlA.
56*
His ternatis, ovalibus, acu-
minatis,   sublobatis,  du-
plicato-serratis, subtus ca-
no-tomentosis;   petiolis
teretibus;  racemis termi-
nalibus.
Sp pl. 2 p. 1032.  Walt. p. 149?
leaves ternate, oval, acu-
minate, somewhat  lobed,
doubly   serrate,   under-
neath hoary  and tomen-
tose ;   peti. »les   terete 5
racemes terminal.
:ich 1. p. 297.  Pursh. 1. p. 347.
  Stem terete, conspicuous for its fine glaucous hue, even in a dried
state.  Leaves all ternate ; the  lateral leaves often furnished witr. a
notch or lobe.  Prickles on the peduncles very numerous and hooked-
Petals small, white, commonly emarginate.  Fruit  black, sometimes
red, sweet, but not highly flavoured.  Seeds wrinkled-  (smith, in
Rees' Cyclop.)
  Grows in rocky soils, from Canada to Carolina.
  Flowers                      Virginian or wild Raspberry.

   4  Trivialis   Mich.
  R. sarmentoso-procum-
bens,  hispidus aculeutus-
que ;   toliis ternatis qui-
natisque,  ovalibus, acutis,
insequaliter dentatis; pedi-
cellis solitariis,  elongatis,

    Mich. 1 p. 296.  Pursh, 1 p. 347.
    R. hispidus  Walt, p 149.

  Stem prostrate, branching, long, slender, terete, very  hispid  and
armed with recurved prickles.  Leaves s-omewhat glabrous,pubescent
and hairy along the  veins, when old  sometimes acuminate.  Stipules
at the base of the petioles, subulate, hairy, serrulate.  Flowers solita-
ry, terminal, on small axillary branches. Segments of the calyx oval,
with a short acumination  Petals large, nearly  round, white.  Berries
large black, well flavored.
  "J'his plant appears to me very distinct from the  R. trivialis of the
Northern States. I  have retained the name, as Michaux certainly
meant to describe our southern species
  Grows every where excepting in inundated lands.
  Flowers March—April.  R pens it fruit in Mav.
                          Low Bush-Blackberry  Dewberry.
   Procumbent,  trailing;
hispid and prickly ; leaves
ternate and quinate, oval,
acute, unequally dentate;
pedicels solitary, long.
   5.   Flagfllaris.
  R. sarmentoso-procum-
bens; caule tereti  petio-
lisque  aculeatis $   foliis
z  3
   Procumbent,   trailing
stemterete, and, with the
pelBps, prickly  j leaves 
570
IC09ANDRIA POLGYNIA.
ternate,  glabrous,  une-
qually  serrate ;  corymbs
terminal,   loose,  pubes-
cent, few flowered.
ternatis, glabris, inaequa-
liter  serratis ;  corymbis
terminalibus,  laxis,  pu-
bescentibus,   paucifloris.
Smiih, in Rees' Cyclop.
    Willd. enum. 549.  Pursh  1  p. 347.
  Stem terete, rather prickly than hispid.   Prickles recurved, those
on the petioles few and widely scattered.  Leaves smaller than those
of R' trivialis, smooth and equal at the base  Smith.  Pursh.
  Grows in fields and sandy woods, Virginia to Carolina. Pursh.
  Flowers.
 Unarmed, hispid, erect;
leaves simple,  acutely 3
—5 lobed ; corymbs  ter-
minal, divaricate, viscid j
calyx appendiculate. v
   6.   Odoratus.
   R.  inermis,   hispidus.
erectus ;  foliis  simplici-
bus,  acutis a—5 lobatis ;
corymbis   terminalibus,
divarieatis,  viscidis ;  ca-
lycibus appendiculatis.
    Sp. pl. 2. p. 1085. Mich. 1. p. 297.  Pu.sh, 1. p. 348.
  Stem biennial, 3—4  feet high,  branching, very  hispid, brown.
Leaves large, serrate, less hairy than the stem, with the lobes acumi-
nate.  Peduncles and calyx viscid  and fragrant. • Segments of the
calyx oval or lanceolate, terminating with a long, linear, leafy point-.
Petals large, nearly round, bright purple or crimson, very ornamental.
  This species differs from the rest in habit and appearance.
  Grows in the mountains, often on  the highest summits.
  Flowers June—July.

   7.  Obovatus?   Obovatis.   3\Jrch.
   R. subberbaceus,  his-
pidus ; foliis ternatis, obo-
vatis,  serratis;  stipulis
setaceis; racemis  subco-
rymbosis, paucifloris; pe-
dicellis elongatis.
   Some what herbaceous,
hispid;   leaves ternate,
obovate, serrate ; stipules
setaceous;  racemes co-
rymbose,  few flowered
pedicels long.
    Mich. 1. p. 298.  Pursh. 1. p. 349.
  Stem rather shrubby than herbaceous, hispid with  rigid hairs.
Bracteas ovate.  Berries with only a few large grains, black  and
sweet.
  Grows in swamps on the highest mountains.
  Flowers May—July. 
ICOSANDRTA  MLYGYNU.            $71
DALIBARDA.
   Calyx 5-fidus.  Petala
5.   Styli 5—8, longi, de-
cidui.   Bacca sicca.

   1.   Lob ata.   Bald.
   D. pilosa;  foliis subro- (
tundis,  cordatis, lobatis,
crenatis, ciliatis ;  caule
sub-nudo  ;   pedunculis
multifloris.   B.
   Calyx 5 cleft.    Petals
 5.   Stifles 5-8, long, de-
 ciduous.   Berry dry.


   Hairy;  leaves  nearly
round,   cordate,   lobed,
crenate,  ciliate  ;    stem
somewhat naked; pedun-
cles many flowered.
  Root fibrous, perennial.  Stem erect, not exceeding five inches in
height, supporting a few small, entire, lanceolate leaves.  Peduncles
generally many flowered, erect, umbelliform, with leafy involucrums.
Flowers yellow   The  leaves slightly but uniformly three lobed,
and the whole plant more or less cloathed with a coarse pubescence*
Bald.                                          r
  Grows on the hills on each sida of Flint River, Georgia, near the
Creek Agency.
  Flowers April—May.
2.   Fragarioides.   Mich.
   Leaves ternate;  leaf-
lets cuneate, crenate and
lobed ;  peduncles  many
flowered.
p. 350.
  D.foliis ternatis; foliolis
cuneatis, crenato-lobatis;
pedunculis multifloris.

  Mich. 1. p. 300, t. 28.  Pursh. 1

  Root perennial.  Stem creeping.  Leaves arising from the crown of
the root."  Common petiole 2—4 inches long; leaflets nearly sitting,
cuneate at base, rounded at the summit, slightly lobed. The whole
plant hairy.  Common peduncle 4—6 inches high,  3—6 flowered,
bearing small  lanceolate leaves  at each division.  Segments of the
calyx expanding.  Filaments persistent.  Petals yellow.
  Grows in the mountains of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers May—June.  Pursh. 
$7%
ICOSANDRRIA POLYGYNlA.
GEUM.   Gen.  Pl. 867.
   Calyx 10 cleft.  Petals
5   Seed awned, the awn
frequently geniculate.
   rVfyaMO-fidus.  Petala
B  Semina aristata : arista
plerumque geniculata.

   1.   Album.
   G   pubescens ; foliis
radicalibus pinnatis cau-
linis ternatKsummis sim-
plicibus, trifidis ;  stipulis
inferionous incisis; flori-
bus erectis ; petalis lon-
gitudme  calycis;  aristis
uncin-itis,  nudis, apice pi
losis.   Willd. enum. 556.
  Pursh, 1  p, 351
  Root perennial.   Stem herbaceous, with branches generally expand-
ing.  Peduncles axillary or terminal, few flowered.  Petals white.
  Grows along the margins of rivers near the mountains.
  Flowers.
    Pubescent :  radical
leaves   pinnate,    stem
leaves ternate, the upp r
ones simple, 3  cleft ; the
lower  stipules  notched ;
flowers erect ;  petals as
I >ng as the calyx ;  awns
hooked, naked,  hairy at
the summit.
<*   2..   Vtrginianum.
    G. pubescens; folds ra-
  dicalibus caulinisque in-
  fimis  ternatis, superiori-
  bus lanceolatis ;  stipulis
  ovatis, subintegris ; flori-
  bus  erectis; petalis  ca-
  lvce  brevioribus  ; aristis
  uncinatis. nudis, apice pi-
  losis,  tortuosis.    Pursh,
  1. p» 301.
      Sp.pl. 2,p 1113.  Mich. 1 p.
      G. Carolinianum, W alt. p  150
    Lower leaves sometimes quinate.
  ed. Flowers small, white.
    Grows in shady woods.
    Flowers
  Pubescent; radical and
lower stem leaves  ter-
nate, the upper  lanceo-
late ; stipules ovate, near-
ly entire;  flowers erect;
petals shorter  than  the
calyx ; awns hooked, na-
ked, at the summit hairy
and twisted,

301.  Nutt 1. p. 309.
?
 Stipules small, frequently notch- 
ICOSANDRIA  POLYGYNlA.
17S
   8.   Radiatum:   Mich.
   G. hirsutissimum ; fo- I    Very hirsute ;  radical
liis  radicalibus pinnatis, J leaves pinnate, the termi-
impari amplissimo  reni-  nal  one large, reniform,
formi,    radiati-nervoso,  with   radiating   nerves,
dentato;  caulinisamplex-  dentate; the stem leaves
icaulibus, inciso- laceris;  amplexicaule,    notched
aristis glabris, apice  sim-  and lacerate; awns glab-
plicibus.  Mich. i. p. 300.  rous, simple at the sum-
                            mit.
    Pursh,  I. p. 352. Nutt. 1. p. 309.
  A handsome plant. Stem simple, erect.   Radical leaves pinnate,
the leaflets few and small ; stem leaves simple.  Petals cuneate, ob«
cordate, yellow, with the base fulvous.
  Grows on the highest mountains of Carolina.
  Flowers
POTENTILLA.   Gen. pl. 866.
   Calyx 10 fid us.  Petala
5.   Semina subrotunda,
receptaculo  parum  ex-
succo affixa.
   1.  Norwegica.
   P. pilosus ; caule erec-
to, dichotomo;  foliis ter-
natis,  lanceolatis, inciso.
dentatis ;  pedicellis bre-
vibus, solitariis, axillari-
bus ; petalis calycem sub-
cequantibus,   E-
    Sp. pl. 2. p. 1109.  Mich 1. p. 302.  Pursh, 1. p. 354.
  Annual.  Stem erect, 1—2 feet high, branching, very hairy. Leaves
trifoliate, the upper  ones simple.  Leaflets sessile, entire near the
base.  Stipules obliquely lanceolate, slightly toothed.  Flowers late-
ral at the divisions of the stem.  Peduncles 4—5 lines long.  Tube
of the calyx campanulate; segments equal, acute,  entire.  Petals
obovate, inserted into the tube of the calyx, yellow-  Stamens about
15, much shorter than the calyx.  Germs superior, numerous, collect-
td into a small head.  Styles short, slightly winged.  Stigmas obtuse.
   Calyx to cleft.  Petals
5.   Seeds nearly round,
attached to a  dry recep-
tacle.

   Hairy ;  stem erect, di-
chotomous ;  leaves  ter-
nate, lanceolate,  deeply
toothed ;  pedicels short,
solitary, axillary; petals
as long as the calyx* 
574
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNlA.
Seeds  somewhat  crescent-shaped, turgid, glabrous, beautifully em-

  This plant agrees exactly with specimens  of the P. Norwegica
from Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts.  Can  the real P. Norwegica
have wandered to the sea coast of Carolina ?
  Grows on Charleston neck, 3 or 4 miles from this city.
  Flowers June—July.
   S.   Canadensis.
   P.  procumbens,  seri-
cea ; foliis quinatis, cune-
ato-obovatis,  inciso-den-
tatis; pedunculis  solita-
riis, elongatis; petalis or-
bicularis, integris, longitu-
      Procumbent,   silky;
  eaves  quinate,  cuneate,
j  obovate, deeply toothed ;
  peduncles solitary,  long;
  petals  round,  entire, as
  long as the  ca<yx.
dine calycis
    Sp. pl. 1106 Walt. p. 150   Mich. 1. p. 303. Pursh, I. p. 354.
  Root perennial, creeping.  Stem procumbent, with a few branches.
Leaves on long petioles ; leaflets sessile.  Stipules  ovate,  acutely
toothed.  Segments of the  calyx, linear-lanceolate.   Petals bright
yellow.                  .'.'■■
  Grows in shaded, rich soils.  Not uncommon even along the sea
coast of Carolina and Georgia.
  Flowers March—April.
   S.  Simplex.   Mich.
   P. erecta,hirsuta; foliis
quinatis,   oblongo- ovali-
bus, grosse serratis ;  pe-
dunculis axillaribus,  soli-
tariis, elongatis;  petalis
rotundato-obcordatis, ca-
lyce  longioribus.
   Erect, hirsute; leaves
quinate, oblong oval, with
large serratures  ;  pedun-
cles   axillary,  solitary,
long; petals nearly round
obcordate,longer than the
calyx,
    Mich. 1 p. 303.  Pursh, 1. p. 354.
  Perennial.  Stem simple, angled, rough.  The upper leaves sessile.
Peduncles slender, 1 flowered.  Segments of the calyx linear lanceo-
late.  Petals yellow.
  Grows in dry woods and meadows; Pursh. From Canada to Caro-
lina.
  Flowers May—August. 
IC0SANJ)RIA POLYGYNlA.
575
FRAGAItlA.   Gen  pl. 865.
    Calyx 10-fi 'us.  Prtata
  S.   Heceptaculum  semi-
  num ovatum,  baccatum,
  deciduum.
    1.  Virginiana.
    F calyce fructus  pa-
  tente;  pubescentia petio.
  lorum  erecta,  peduncu
  In rum  adpressa ;  foliis
  supra glabriusculis.  Sp.
'pl. 2. p.  1091.
     Pursh, 1. p. 356.
     Fragaria vesca f Walt p. 150.
   The genus Fragaria is very extensively diffused over the  northern
  hemisphere, and in the southern, dhe species at least has been found
•  in Chili.  Yet every where the resemblance is so intimate and entire,
  that it is only in the disposition of the calvx  and pubescence that
}  characters have been found to discriminate the  species  For want of
  attention to these characters the next species requires revision, and
  is perhaps uncertain:
   Grows in woods and meadows in the upper districts  of Georgia
  and Carolina.  Very rare in the low country.
   Flowers February—April.               Wild Strawberry.
   Calux 10 cleft. Petals
5.   Receptacles  of the
seed ovate, berried,  deci-
duous.

   Calyx of the fruit ex-
panding ;  pubescence  of
the petioles erect, of the
peduncles   appressed  ;
leaves  glabrous  on the
upper surface.
   a.   Canadensis.   Mich.
   F.  major ; foliolis am-
plo-ovalibus,  lateralibus
manifeste petiolatis ; pe-
dicellis  longis,  recurvo-
pendulis ;   receptaculis
seminum  globosis,  favo-
so-scrobiculatis,  villosis.
Mich. l. p. SU9.
   Pursb, 1. p. 357.
  Grows in the mountains and woods from Canadajto Florida. Mich.
  Flowers April—May.
   Large; leaflets wide, o-
val,  the lateral ones dis-
tinctly  petiolate ;   pedi-
cels long, recurved, pen-
dulous ;  receptacles   of
the seed  globose, honey-
combed,  villous. 
576           ICO SAND RIA POLYGYNlA.
CALYCANTHUS.  Gen. pl. 870.
                               Cahix urceolate, many
                             cleft  above,   squarrose,
                             withthe segments colour-
                             ed,   resembling   petals.
                             Corolla 0.  Styles many.
                             Seeds numerous,  naked,
                             smooth,  contained  in  a
                             ventricose succulent ca-,
                             Iyx.

                               Segments of the calyx
                             lanceolate ; leaves wide,
                             oval,   acute,   tomentose
                             underneath ;   branches
                             expanding.
  Sp. pl. 2. p. 1119 Mich. 1. p. 305. Pursh. 1. p. 357. Nutt. 1. n 312
  C. sterilis.  Walt.  l.p. 151.
  A shrub 3—7 feet  high, erect,  virgate,  stoloniferous, the young
branches pubescent.   Leaves opposite, sometimes acuminate, entire
on short petioles. Flowers solitary, axillary and terminal, on short
branches.  The petaloid segments  of the calyx disposed nearly in 2
series.  Filaments minutely pubescent, the interior generally without
anthers.  Capsuk turbinate, as laige as a small  pear,  becoming dry
with the seeds loose, but never opening.  Seeds oval, lar^e.   °
  Grows in fertile soils, along rivulets.  Not rare in the upper dis-
tricts of Carolina and Georgia; very rare in the lower.
  Flowers April.                       Sweet-scented Shrub.
   Calyx urceolatus,  su-
perne multifidus, squar-
rosus, laciniis petaloideis
coloratis.  Corolla o.  Sty-
li plurimi.   Semina  plu-
rima,  nuda,  Isevia,  intra
calycem     ventricosum,
succulentum.

   1.   Florid us.
   C.  laciniis calycis  lan-
ceolatis ; foliis  lato-ovali-
bus, acutis, subtus tomen-
tosis ; ramis patentibus.
Willd. enum. 550.
   2.   Inodorus.   E.
   C.  laciniis  calycis  li-
neari-lanceolatis,  pubes-
centibus ; foliis lanceola-
tis, supra scaberrimis ni-
tentibusque, subtus lsevi.
                               Segments of the calyx
                            linear lanceolate, pubes-
                            cent ; leaves lanceolate,
                            scabrous and shining on
                            the upper, smooth on the
                            lower surface; branches
                           | expanding.
  A shrub, 4—6 feet high, with branches virgate, glabrous,  though
bearing when young a few scattered hairs.  Leaves entire, sometimes
bus ;  ramis  patentibus.
E. 
ICOSANDRIA  POLYGYNlA*           577
slightly acuminate, with the veins conspicuous, glistening as if viscid
on the upper surface, smooth  underneath excepting the vt ins, which
are pubescent.   Flowers larger than those of the preceding species,
terminal and axillary ; the axillary flowers generally on short branch-
es.  Petaloid segments of the calyx thick, dark purple, with the re-
flected summits ..white,  in series of which the exterior and interior
are smaller than the intermediate  segments.  Filaments numerous,
inserted on the calyx in several series.  Anthers attached to the back  .f
the exterior filaments, none o\ the interior.   Styles snorter than the
stamens,  ptigmas somewhat capitate.
  I propose this species with hesitation, yet it appears to me suffi-
ciently  distinct. ^ In the form and size of the leaves  it agrees with
the C. Floridus, but dillers from that species in their surface and by its
inodorous flowers.  Its leaves are smaller and less acuminate than
those of C. laevigatus.
  Grows in  the Tow country of Georgia.   Rare.  Occurs occasionally
in gardens.
  Flowers^ March—April.
   3.   LiEVIGATUS.
   C.  laciniis calycis lan-
ceolatis ;  foliis ovalibus,
sensim acuminatis,   sub-
rugosis  utrinque   glab-
ris  viridibusque ;  ramis
stricte erectis.
   Segments of the calvx-
lanceolate;   leaves  oval,
gradually     acuminate ;
somewhat  rugose,  glab-
rous and  green  on  both
sides; branches straight
erect.
    Pursh, 1. p. 358.
    C. ferax. Mich. 1. p. 305.
  Stem 4—6  feet high.  Leaves large, oval and lanceolate,acuminate,
thin, and scarcely at all scabrous on either surface.
  Flowers in May.
  . 4. ;* GLAUCUS.
** C. laciniis  calycis lan-
ceojatis ;   foliis  lanceo-
latis,  longe   acuminatis,
subtus glaucis; ramis pa-
tentibus.
   Segments of the calyx
lanceolate ;  leaves  lan-
ceolate, with a long acu-
ruination, glaucous under-
neath * branches expand-
ing.
Pursh, 1. p. 357.
Nutall, var. b. oblongifolius, l.p* 312.
C. fertilis ? Walt. 1. p. 131.  .
                       A 4 
979             ICOSADRIA  POLYGYNlA.
  Shrub 6—8 feet high, glabrous.  Leaves larger than in  any other
Species, with very long acuminations, smooth underneath, with a few
hairs sprinkled along the veins.  Flowers large.
  Grows in the upper districts of Carolina.
  Flowers May—June.
END  OF VOL: I.

A   * 
   A few species are subjoined, which have occurred
to me since the publication of the early numbers of
this work.
 E
   Stem  slender,   erect,
 branching, glabrous;  ra-
 dical  leaves  spathulate-
oval, upper leaves  subu-
late ;   flowers   solitary,
axillary, and terminal; pe*
duncles  after  flowering
refracted
   Lindernia Refracta.
   L  caule gracili, erecto
ramoso, glabro; foliis ra
dicalibus, spathulatooval
ibus, superioribus subuia
tis ; rioribus solitariis, ax
illaribus terminalibusque
pedunculis  post flores
centiam refractis.
  Root perennial.  Stem erect, angled, slender, 8—12 inches high,
branching.  Radical leaves, spathulate, oval, and like the whole plant
glabrous.  Lower stem leaves small, lanceolate, sessile, upper leaves
subulate  Flowers  solitary, axillary and terminal,  on peduncles
about an inch long.   Calyx very small divided to the  base.  Corolla
much longer than the caiyx, very pale, blue, the upperlip nearly as
long as the loweri  Stamens shorter than the corolla   Style about as
long as the corolla.   Stigma bilamellate.  Peduncles after flowering
refracted.                                     .        _
  Grows around the margins of ponds in Barnwell district, South La«
rolina; in Burke county, and near Milledgeville, Georgia.
  Flowers June—August.                 h

   FU1KENA HlSPIDA    E.
   F.  foliis prseloogis,  va-      Leaves long,  and with
ginisque   hispidissimis ;   the sheath very fcispid;
caule  superne   hispido,   stem  hispid above; heads
capitulis pluribus (5—8)  I many (5—8)  clustered;
aggregatis,   valvulis  co-   valves of  the  corolla  o-
rollinisovatis,mucronatis.  | vate,  mucronate.
  Stem 1—2 feet high, erect and decumbent, smooth along the lower
joints. Leaves narrrow, tapering, 4-8 inches long, many nerved,his*
Did particularly on the lower surface.   Scales of the amentum, oval,
theouter ones hispid, the inner ones finely pubescent,  awn, long, ec 
540
addenda.
panding.  Stamens 3. scarcely longer than the corolla.  Styles twice
as Ions as stamens.   *tigmas$.                .         .
  Grow* in great abundance around ponds in the middle districts of
Georgia and "Carolina, first sent to me Irom Milledgevillcby Dr. Boy-
kin.
  Flowers July—October.
  AiMJMOPOGUN SiiCUNDUS.   E.
   A. panicula  sub-ramo-
sa, erecta. secunda ;  pe-
dunculis trifloris,  floribus
masculis subulatis, villo-
sis, hermaphrodito sessili,
valva altera villosa.
                                  Panicle    sparingly
                             brancbed, erect  s< cund ;
                             peduncles   3   flowered,
                             male florets subulate, vil-
                             lous ;  the hermaphrodite,
                             sessile with one valve ve-
                             ry villous.
  Perennial. Stem erect 3—5 feet high.  Leaves long, narrow, scab-
rous, particularly on the under surface.  Sheaths  hairy,  sometimes
villous   Panicle erect 12—14 inches long, composed of small branch-
es,  that  in their natural  state always turn to one  side.  Flowers
somewhat crowded on the  branches.  Pedicels very slender, neutral
Horets nearly as long as the fertile, generally appressed to one valve
of the calyx, which is comparatively naked, the other valve very hairy.
Corolla shorter than the calyx.   Anthers about as long as the corolla,
yellow, opening at the summit.   Awn four times as long as the  calyx,
contorted.
  This species, which though nearly allied to the A. Nutans, yet ap-
pears to me very distinct, grows in great abundance on the high ridg-
es be1 ween the Flint and Chatahoochie rivers in Georgia.
  Flowers in September—October.

                  URALEPSIS.   Nut.
   falyx  bivalvis,  2—3
floris,  coiolla   brevior
Corolla bivalvis, valva ex-
teriore longiore tricuspi-
data, nervis villosis.   Se-
mina aril lata.
   Cornuta.   E.
   U.  caule, foliisque an-
gustissimis  pilosis ; pani-
cula gracili;  cuspide  in-
termedia corollam super-
ante, demum recurva. E
   Calyx 2  valved, 2—3
flowered,  shorter  than
ihe  corolla.   CoroUa  2
valved, the exterior valve
longer, 3 pointed. Nerves
villous.    Seeds arillate.'

   Stem  and leaves nar-
row, hairy ; panicle slen-
der ;  intermediate awn
of the corolla longer than
the valve, finally recurve
ed. 
                        ADDENDA.                     581

  Stem about 2 feet high and like all the other species of this genus,
dry and harsh.   Leaves scarcely a line in breadth, the lower ones 4—6
inches long;, the* upper very short   Sheath open, shorter than the in-
ternodes. sometimes very hairy. Panicle composed of a few small, one
or 2 flowered branches.  Calyx nearly  equal, very acute, glabrous,
purple.   Corolla longer than the cidyx, exterior valve purple, villous
along the margins and back, deeply  cloven.   The midrib about dou*
ble the length of tht corolla and apparently very slightly connected
with it;  erect when young, recurved and frequently persistent when
old.
  Since the publication of the first number of this work, the Aira Pur-
purea has been proposed by Mr. NuttaU as the type of this new ge-
nus, to which he has added a second species from Jersey and Dela-
ware (U. Aristulata.)  This wil  constitute a third species of a genus
which though nearly allied to Trisetum is very distinct, and of which
the species yet known are very conformable in habit.


LUDWIGIA NATANS.    E.
    L.  natans,  repensque,    Swimming and creeping;
oppositis, spathulato  Ian-   leaves  opposite,  spathu-
ceolatis;  floribus axillari-   late-lanceolate ;   flowers
bus,  sessililms  ;  petalis   axillary,  sessile;  petals
calycem  sequantibus.   E. | as long  as the calyx.

  The whole plant glabrous, creeping along the borders or swimming
in the waters of  shallow streams, somewhat succulent   Leaves en-
tire, with an attenuated base nearly half an inch long.  Flowers soli-
tary, axillary, sessile   Leaves of the calyx acuminate.  Petals yel-
low, as long as the calyx.   Stamens about as long as the petals. Cap-
sule finely attenuated at base.
   I his plant has a striking affininity to the L. palustris of this woik,
(Isnardia palustris auct:) it appears to differ only bv its greater size,
which may  be owing to situation ; by the presence of petals, and by
the capsules, which taper more at the base.
  Grows in  small running streams, in  Barnwell district) near the
Court house.
  Flowers during the summer.


                RUPPIA.   Gen. pl. 235.

    Calvx  0.    Corolla  0. j  Calyx  o      Corolla   0.
Semina 4, pedicellata.     I  Seed % pedicellate.

   Maritima.
    Sp.pl.  1. p. 717.  Lamarck illust.pl. 90.
  Root probably perennial.   Stem long floating, glabrous.  Leaves al-
ternate filiform,  embracing the stem  at base with an inflated sheath.
Peduncles axillary, somewhat spiral, long, bearing one or more flowers 
582
ADDENDA.
near its summit.  Calyx?  two small deciduous leaves at the base
of each flor".  Anthers four, sessile.  Germs four,,  at first  sessile.
Stale none.  Stigma obtuse.  Fruit a one seeded nut ? ovate, slightly
bent at the summit on pedicels three or four times its own length.
  Found by Dr. Baldwin near «•t. Mary's, Georgia and in Honda.
  Flowers May—June, and probably through the whole summer.
  E.
   Leaves long, linear lan-
ceolate,  serrate;  involu-
crum   8  leaved,   longer
than the head, with  the
leaflets  dissected  ; chaff
3 awned.
   Eryngium Plukenetii.
   E. fnliis longis, lineari-
lanceolatis, serratis, invo-
lucro 8-phyllo,  capitulis
longiore,  foliolis  dissec-
tis;  paleis  tricuspidatis.
E.
  Icon. Pluken. Amalt. pl. 396. f. 3.

  Root tuberous, preemorse.  Stem 2 feet high, fistulous, glabrous,
b«anching near the summit-  Radical leaves 8— 14 inches long, scarce-
ly one half an inch wide, nervose, glabrous, the serratures becoming
sometimes indistinct  with age.  Leaves at the division of the branch-
es much  dissected, of the involucrum deeply notched near the base,
serrated  towards the summit.  Leaves of the calyx mucronate.  Co-
roUa pale blue.
  This species of Eryngium which was accurately figured  by Pluke-
net, has latterly been forgotten, and the name of Plukenet. E. Virgi-
nianum applied  to another  species.  Michaux was however  correct
when he called the present E Virginianum. E.aquaticum, considering
it as distinct from the plant of Plukenet.  The roots of this plant were
sent to me accidently among some  other roots taken up in St. Johns
Berkley; and flowered in my garden  for one or two years.
  Flowers May—June.
   Myosurus.        j.
   Calyx 5-phyllus, deci-
duus, basi porrectus.  Pe-
tala  5,  ungue   filiformi
tubuloso.   Semina pluri-
ma, receptaculo longissi-
mo,  spicatim  disposita.
   Calyx  5  leaved, deci-
duous, prolonged at base.
Petals  5,  with their fili-
form claws tubular.  Seeds
numerous, arrangedrin a
spike on a very long re-
ceptacle.
   Minimus.
    Sp. pl 1. p 1568.
  Root annual.  Stem 0.  Leaves linear, entire, about 2 inches long.
Scape as long as the leaves, erect, I flowered.  Leaves of the calyx
narrow, reflected ?  Corolla shorter than the calyx.   Stamens 5—8, 
ADDENDA.                      588
as long as the  calyx.  Germs numerous, on a  subulate. receptacle,
which after the decay of the corolla extends and becomes finally near-
ly two inches long.   Seeds (capsules ? cariopsides, Decandolle) sessile
closely appressed- rhomboidal, acuminate at the summit.
  I can perceive no difference between this plant and the European
species.
  Found near Augusta. Georgia, by Dr. Leavenworth.
  Flowers iu the spring.


   Polygonum  Fimbriatum.    E.
   P.  spicis  paniculatis  ;  I     Spikes    paniculate  ;
floribus solitariis,  fimbri-  |  flowers solitary,fimbriate;
atis; ochreis truncatis, ci-    stipules  truncate,  fring-
liatis;   foliis  linearibus,    ed ; leaves  linear, acute
utrinque acutis.    E.         at  each end
  Perennial ? Stem  about 2 feet high, terete, glabrous, branching.
Stipules  truncate, glabrous, fringed.   The small branches, from the
long fringes of the stipules,  appear hairy.  Leaves alternate, linear,
acute at each end, sessile, nervose, glabrous.  Flowers in crowded
spikes.   Spikes paniculate   Flowers solitary at each joint, envelop-
ed at base with a bracteal sheath, which is oblique, and terminated at
the summit with a long awn.  Corolla white, the segments sometimes
tinged with rose colour near the  centre, and  finely fimbriate.  Sta-
mens 8, as long as the  corolla.  Styles 3.  Seeds  3 angled, slightly
acuminate at the summit.
  This species should follow the P. polygamum, to which it is closely
allied.
  Grows on the poorest pine barrens, on the high ridges between the
Flint and Chatahoochie river, along what is termed the Federal road.
  Flowers July—October. 
*y 
INDEX
            OF THE  GENERA AND SPECIES
               contained in this volume.

The Roman characters indicate the Genera and Species which are f €»
           tained ; the Italic are used for synonymes.
A.
	Page		PafS
ACER,	449	AGROSTIS	134
barbatum	451	alba	137
Carolinianum	449	anomala	99
dasycarpum	449	arachnoides	134
montanum	452	clandestina	138
negundo	452	decumbens	136
nigrum	450	dispar	136
Pennsylvanicum	451	indica	133
rubrum	449	juncea	137
saccharinum	450	juncea	137
striatum	451	sericea	135
ACERATES	316	tenuiflora	134
longifolia	317	trichopodes	135
ACIIYRANTHES	309	Virginica	139
dichotoma	308	AIRA	151
Ficoidea	310	capillacea	152
polygonoides	309	Caroliniana	151
repens	309	llexuosa	151
vermicularis	310	mollis	154
ACORUS	403	obtusata	153
calamus	403	pal lens	151
JEGILOPS	177	purpurea	152
aromaticum	177	triflora	153
^SCULUS	415	ALE 1 RIS	398
discolor	436	alba	393
flava	436	aurea	399
lutea	43S	farinosa	398
macrostachya	436	ALI«MA	433
parviflora	437	parviflora	434
pavia AGAVE	"435	plantago	4S4
	402	subulata.	434
Virginica AGRIMONIA	402 535	trivialis ALLIONIA	434 187
eupatoria	535	albida	187
suaveolens	536		
B 4 
£86                 INDEX.
	Page
ALLIUM	385
Canadense	385
Canadense	386
cernuum	385
frngrans	386
inodorum	386
mutabile	386
ornithogaliodes	386
striatum	385
ALOPECURUS	110
geniculata	HI
pratensis AMARYLLIS	111
	384
atamasco	384
AM MANIA	218
humilis	218
ramosior	218
AMMI	V 349 & 349 \ 350
capillaceum	
costatum	
divaricatum	35o
majus	349
JIMMY RSINE	483
buxifolia	483
AMSONIA	313
angustifolia	314
ciliata	314
latifolia	313
saiicifolia	313
taberneemontana	313
AMPEL0PS1S	304
bipinnata	304
cordata	306
quinquefolia ANAGALLIS	305
	235
arvensis	235
AACHUSA	227
hirta	227
ANDROMEDA	V485 *r 488
acuminata	
angustifolia	4s 5
arborea	491
axillaris	487
axillaris	487
calyculata	485
Catesbcei	487
Catesbcei	4y2
coriacea	436
ferruginea	489
formosissima	486
floribunda	488
frondosa	490
	Page
laurina	488
ligustrina Mariana	490
	493
nitida	486
paniculata	490
paniculata	492
paniculata	491
racemosa	492
reticulata	488
rhomboidalis	487
rigida	489
speciosa	493
spinulosa	487
ANDROPOGON	143
alopecuroides	38
ambiguus	145
argenteus	148
avenaceum	145
ciliatus	144
dissitiflorus	149
furcatus	159
macrouros	149
melanocarpus	146
nutans	144
purpurascens	147
scoparius	146
ternarius	147
tetrastachyus	150
vaginatus	148
Virginicus ANGELICA	149
	352
lobata	353
lucida	353
triquinata	352
ANTHOXANTHUM	37
giganteum	38
■ odoratum	37
ANYCHIA	307
argyrocoma	308
Canadensis	S07
dichotoma	307
herniarioides	308
APOCYNUM	314
androscemifolium	314
Cannabinum	115
Cannabinum	315
pubescens	315
ARALIA	372
nudicaulis	373
racemosa	373
spinosa	372
 
INDEX,
587
ARENA RIA	Page 5 8	incarnata	Page S20
Canadensis	519	lanceolata	323
Caroliniana	520	laurifolia	322
diffusa	5'9	langifolia	S17
glabra	520	nivea	324
rubra	519	obovata	321
serpyllifolia	518	obtusifolia	321
squarrosa	520	parvifolia	323
stricta	521	paupercula	323
A RIS \ IDA > . . .	140	pedicellata	326
adscensionis	142	perennis	323
dichotoma	141	phytolaccoides	319
gracilis	142	polystachya	320
, lanosa	143	purpurascens	322
spiciformis	111	purpurascens	322
stricta	142	quadrifolia	319
ARONIA	556	tomentosa	320
arbutifolia	356	tuberosa	325
botryaprum	557	tuberosa	325
melanocarpa	557	variegata	317
oralis	558	verticillata	324
ARUNDINARIA	90	viridis	327
macrospcrma	96	viridis	327
ARUNHO	96	ASPARAGUS	399
gigantea	96	officinalis	399
tecta	96	A 1ROPA	277
ASARUM	631	physaloides AULAXANTHUS	277
arifolium	532		102
Canadense	5S1	ciiiatus	102
Carolinianum	531	rufus	103
Virginicum	532	AVENA	174
Virgimcum ASCLEPIAS	532	glumosa	174
	317	palustris Pensylvanica	151
amplexicaulis	S22		14
angustifolia	325	spicata	174
cintrea	325	AZALEA	238
connivens	320	bicolor	239
cordata	322	calendulacea	2S8
debitis	323	canescens	239
exaltata	SI9	nudiflora	240
humistrata	322	periclymenoides	240
hybrida	313	viscosa	242
incarnata	317		
	B	•	
BAPTISIA	466	BATSCHIA	237
alba	468	canescens	227
austral is	468	Gmelini	227
bracteata	469	BEJARIA	532
lanceolata	467	racemosa	583
perfoliata	467	BERBERIS	412
tinctoria	/467	Canadensis	412
villosa	f 468	vulgaris	412
 
588
INDEX.
	Page
BOERHAAVIA	41
erecta	41
BIGNONIA	24
catalpa	24
BRiZA	165
eragrostis	165
BROMUS	172
ciliatus	172
purgans	173
secalinus	172
CACTUS	537
opuntia CALYCANTHUS	597
	575
ferax	577
fertilis	577
florid us	576
glaucus	S77
inodorus	-576
laevigatas CALLlCARPA	577
	199
Americana	199
CALLITTRICHE	4
aquatica	4
heterophylla	>4
verna	4
CALYSTEGIA	251
spithamoea	251
Catesbeiana	255
paradoxa	255
sepium	253
CAMPANULA	261
acuminata	262
amplexicaulis	262
aparinoides	263
divaricata	262
erinoides	263
flexuosa	263
perfoliata	262
CANNA	1
angustifolia	1
flaccida	1
glauca	1
CANTUA	260
coronopifolia	S.60
CAPRIFOLIUM	270
bracteosum	272
flavum	271
Fraseri	271
gratum	272
parviflorum	272
sempervirens	270
                         Page
BRUNNICHIA            521
  cirrhosa                 521
BUMELIA                287
  chrysophylloides          288
  lanuginosa               288
  lycioides                289
  reclinata                287
  tenax                   288
BURMANNIA             43
  biflora                   43
CARDIOSPERMUM	460
halicacabum	460
CASSIA	470
aspera	474
Caroliniana	471
chamxchrista	473
fasciculata	473
ligustrina	472
linearis	472
Marilandica	473
nictitans	474
occidentalis	471
tora	471
CATALPA	24
bignoninides	24
corditolia	24
syringoefolia	24
CAB OMBA	416
aubktii	416
CAULOPHYLLUM	41]
thalictroides	411
CEANOTHUS	290
Americanus	290
intermedius	291
microphyllus	291
perennis	291
CELT1S	335
occidentalis	335
CENCHRUS	93
echinatus	93
tribuloides	93
CENTAURELLA	204
autumnalis	804
paniculata	204
verna	204
CENTUNCULUS	203
Ian ceolatus	203
CEPHALANTHUS	186
occidentalis	186
Virginiana	540
 
	INDEX.		" 581
	Page		Page
CERASTIUM	524	bipinnata	34
hirsutum	524	hederacea	305
semidecandrum	524	stans	304
viscosum	624	CLAY TO VIA	306
CERCIS	470	Caroliniana	307
Canadensis	470	Virginica	306
CERESIA	109	Virginica	307
fluitans	109	CLE 111*! A	502
CEROPEGIA	326	acuminata	503
palustris CHAM^ROPS	326	alnifolia	502
	431	alnifolia	502
histrix	431	paniculata	503
palmetto	481	scabra	503
serrulata	431	tomentosa	502
CH^ROPHYLLUM	357	COLLINSONIA	34
Canadense	358	anisata	37
Claytoni	358	Canadensis	34
procumbens CHENOPODIUM	357	ovalis	35
	S29	pratcox	35
album	330	punctata	36
ambrosioides	330	purpurea	35
anthelminticum	331	scabra	35
botrys	330	serotina	36
CHIMAPHILA	504	tuberosa	36
maculata	505	verticil lata	36
CHIONANTHUS	6	COMMELINA	4S
Virginica	6	angustifolia	49
CHIRONIA	283	Caroliniana	48
angularis calycosa	285	communis	48
	285	communis	49
dichotoma	285	erecta.	48
lanceolata	282	hirtella	49
paniculata CHLORA	283	longifolia	50
	286	Virginica	49
dodecandra	286	CONOSTYLIS	403
CHLORIS	177	Americana	403
monostachya	177	CONVALLARIA	395
mucronata	176	majalis	396
petraea	178	CONVO. VULUS	250
CHRYSOBALANUS	539	aquaticus	250
oblongifolius	539	Carolinus	2.18
CHRYSOSPLENIUM	511	Catesbeianus	255
oppositifolium CICUTA	511	dissectus	260
	356	humistratus	250
maculata	357	jalapa	253
CINNA	147	macrorhizus	252
lateralis	149	obtusilobus	252
glomerata	149	panduratus	253
CIRCflCA	6	paradoxus	255
alpina	7	purpureus	252
lutetiana	7	repens	255
CISSUS	304	sagittifolius	254
ampelopsis	305	Sherardi	251
 
590
INDEX.
	Page		Page
speciosus spithamsus	254 251	pulegioides CUPHEA	28 546
stans	251	vicosissima	546
tamnifolius	956 f	CUSCUTA	220
tenellus	250'	Americana	229
trichosanthes	250	CYNANCHUM	316
trichosanthes	251	angustifolium	361
CORNU OPIM	99	Carolinense	328
hyemalis	99	obliquum	329
perennans	99	CYNOUON	133
CORNUS	207 '	dactylon	133
asperi folia	209	CYNOGLOSSUM	228
Canadensis	207	amplexicaule	22S
fastigiata	2 9	Virginicum	223
Florida	2'>7	CYAOSURVS	175
languinosa	208	indicus	175
paniculata	209	CYPERUS	63
sanguinea	2-8	articulatus	63
sanguinea	209	autumnalis	64
sericea	208	brizeeus	65
stricta	209	compressus	65
CRATAEGUS	547	distans	72
arboresceus	550	enslenii	73
apiifolia	552	erythrorhizos	70
Caroliniana	554	fasciculatus	63
coccinea	553	flavescens	67
cordata	554	, flavicomus	71
crus galli	548	fili culmis	66
elliptica	549	gracilis	68
flava	551	hydra	68
lucida	548	killingaeoides	64
oxyacantha	552	mariscoides	67
parvifolia	547	odoratus	70
populifolia	553	poseformis	64
popuUfolia	554	repens	69
punctata	548	spathaceus	73
pyrifolia	550	speciosus	72
spathulata	552	strigosus	70
tomentosa	547	tenuiflorus	70
turbinata	549	tetragonus	71
■unilateralis	548	tuberosus	69
viridis	551	vegetus	65
viridis	551	virens	66
CUCUBALIS	5 i4	,€YR1LLA	294
stellatus	514'	Caroliniana	294
CUNILA	27	racemiflora	294
mariana	27		
	D		
DACTYLIS	155	DALTBARDA	571
glomerata	155	fragarioides	571
cynnsurioides	94	lobata	271
maritima	95		
 
INDEX.
DATURA	275
stramonium	275
tatula	275
DAUCUS	348
carota	348
divaricatus	356
pusillus DECODON	349
	543
verticillatum	454
DECU MARIA	5o3
barbara	533
Forsythia	534
sarin entosa	534
DIANTHERA	
ensiformis	11
ovata	11
DlAPENSIA	229
cuneifolia	229
barbulata	229
DICHONDRA	338
Caroliniensis	338
,'DICHROMENA	89
ciliata	90
latifolia	9')
leucocephala	89
Du:rvilla	273
canadensis	273
lutea	273
Tournefortii	273
ECHITES	1 312
diflbrmis	312
pnberula	312
ELEUSINE	175
cruciata	176
filiformis	175
Indica	175
mucronata	175
ELLIOTTIA	448
racemosa	448
,-ELYMUS	179
Carolinianus	180
Europaeus	181
hystrix striatus	181
	180
Virginicus	180
ELY TR ARIA	11
virgata	12
„ EPIGCEA	500
repens	501
DIGITARIA
  dactylon
  filiformis
  paspalodes
  pilosa
  sanguinalis
  villosa
D1LJTRIS
  Heritiera
  tinctoria
DILEPYRUM
  aristosum
DIODIA
  hirsuta
  hispida
  teres
  tetragona
  Virginica
DION^EA
  muscipula
DIPHYLLEA
  cymosa
D1RCA
  palustris
DROSERA
  foliosa
  Iongifolia
  rotundifolia
DULICHIUM
  spathaceum

EPILOBIUM
  tetragonum
ERIANTHUS
  alopecuroides
  brevibarbis
  contortus
  saccharoides
  strictus
ERIOGONUM
  tomentosum
ERIOPHORUM
  Virginicum
  cyperinun
ERYNGIUM
  aquaticum
  aquaticum
  aromaticum
  fetid um
  gracile
  ovaiifolium
*aSe
 131
 133
 132
 104
 132
 131
 132
  47
  47
  47
  98
  93
 190
 191
 191
 189
 190
 '90
 479
 479
 411
 411
 448
 448
 375
 376
 376
 375
  73
  73


 445
 445
  38
  38
  39
  40
  38
  39
 464
 465
  92
  92
  91
 342
 342
 343
 344
 344
 345
 34£ 
592
INDEX.
  Plukenetii
  virgatum
  Virginianum
  yuccifoiium
ERY THRO MUM
  Americanum
FED1A
  radiata
FERULA
  villosa
fEvrucA
  brom< tides
  distichophylla
  duriuscula
  fluitans
  gra')»iiflora
  viultifloia
  my tiros
  inyuros
  nutans
  octoflora
  parviflora
  polystachya
  procuubens
  quadriflora
  tenella


GAL \X
  aphylla
  rotundifolia
GALIUM
  Bermudianum
  circiezns
  Claytoni
I cuspidatum
  hispidulum
  hispidum
  latif«lium
  pilosum
  puncticulosum
  purpureum
  trifi>ium
  triflorum
   uniflorum
 GAULTHERIA
   prot.umbens
 GAU*A
   angustifolia
   foennis
Page	
582	denscanis
343	lanceolatum
343	EUONYMUS
342	Americanus
389	angustifolius
389	atropurpureus
5	■
42	unioloides
42	FIMBRISTYLIS
351	castaneum
351	puberulum
168	spadiceum
168	FOTHERGILLA
167	alnifolia
171	Garderd
163	FRAGARIA
171	Canadensis
169	vesca
169	Virginiana
169	FRASER A
172	Walteri
168	Carohniensis
170	FUIRENA
169	hispida
169	scirpoidea
169	squarrosa
168	
G.	
295	GELSEMINUM
295	nitidum
295	sempervirens
,594	GENTIAN A
196	acuta
197	amarelloides
194	angustifolia
197	Catesbasi
195	crinita
195	ochroleuca
194	purpurea
196	quinqueflora
196	saponaria
196	saponaria
194	GEUM
197	album
195	Carolinianum
5<>1	radiatum
501	Virginianum
445	GILLENIA
445	stipulacea
446	trifoliata
Page
 389
 389
 292
 292
 292
 293


 171
  84
  84
  85
  84
 546
 547
 547
 575
 575
 575
 575
 205
 205
 205
  53
 579
  54
  53
311
311
311
339
342
341
341
339
341
340
341
341
339
340
572
572
572
573
572
561
562
562 
INDEX.
593
	Page		Page
GOMPHRENA	309	anagallidea	16
polygonAdes	309	aurea	13
vermicularis	310	megalocarpa	16
GONOLOBUS	327	officinalis	IS
Carotiniensis	328	peiuviana	13
hirsutus	328	pilosa	13
macrophyllus	327	quadridentata	14
obliquus	3J8	ramosa	14
prostratus	3J9	sphserocarpa	14
GRATIOLA	12	tetragona	15
acuminata	16	Virginica	12
acuminata	15		
	H.		
HALESIA	507	HOUSTON1A	191
diptera	508	angustifolia	492
tetraptera	507	cmrulea	191
HAMAMELIS	219	ccerulea	192
macrophylla	220	Linnoei	191
Virginica	219	Linnmi	192
HEDEOMY	27	longifolia	192
pulegioides	28	patens	191
HEDERA	305	purpurea	193
arborea	304	rotundifolia	163
quinquefolia	305	serpyllifolia	195
HEDYOTIS	187	varians	193
auricutaria	188	HYDR\NGEA	509
glomerata	188	aborescens	509
umbellata	193	cot data	509
HELIO ROPIUM	224	nivea	510
Curassavicum	224	quercifolia	510
Indicum	224	radiata	510
HELONIAS	421	vulgaris	509
angustifolia	421	HY'>ROCOTYLE	345
asphodeloides	422	Americana	34$
dioica	423	cymiialarifolia	346
dubia	422	ficaroides	347
erythrosperma	4-1	interrupta	345
graminea	423	lineata	847
lutea	423	reniformis	347
HERITIERA	47	repanda	347
gmelina	47	umbellata	346
HEUCHERA	337	umbellata	346
Americana	337	vulgaris	345
caulescens	338	HYDROLEA	335
cortusa	337	Caroliniana	336
hispida	S37	corymbosa	336
viscida	337	quadrivalvis	336
HOTTONIA	231	HYOROPHYLLUM	232
inflata	231	Virffinicum	2S2
puitistris	231	HYPERICUM	S71
		nudicaule	371
c 4 
994
INDEX,
	Page		Page
sarnthra	371	filifolia	397
HYPOXIS g	396	graminea	396
taroliniensfy.	396	juncea	397
erecta	396		
	I& J.		
JLLLECEBRUM	3«9	ISNARDIA	211
achyrantha	309	palustris ITEA	£211
ficoideum	310		293
polygonoides	309	cyrilla	294
vermiculatunt	310	Virginica	29S
IMPATIENS	303	IXIA	44
biflora	304	ccelestina	44
noli tangere	304	JUNCUS	404
noli tangere	303	acuminatum	409
IPOMCEA	257	acutus	404
bona nox	257	aristafus	408
Carolina	260	bicornis	406
Carolina	258	biflorus	407
■coccinea	258	bufonius	407
dissecta	259	bufonius	407
jalapa lacunosa	253	campestris	410
	259	dichotomus	406
nil	259	echinatus	410
orbicularis	257	effusus	405
•purpurea	252	filiformis	406
tamnifolia	256	marginatus	408
trichocarpa	258	nodosus	409
POMOPSIS	260	polycephalus	409
ekgans	260	polycephalus	410
IRIS	44	repens	4v8
cristata	44	setaceus	405
euprea	46	tenuis	406
fulva hexagona	56	triglumis	408
	46	JUSS1EUA	408
tridentata	45	grandiflora	480
iripetala	45 ,	JUST1CIA	10
verna	44'	ensiformis	11
versicolor	45	humilis	11
Virginica	46	pedunculosa	11
JSCHJEMUM	179		
secundatum	179		
	K	■	
KALMIA	480	KYLLINGIA	54
angustifolia	481	maculata	55
cuneata	482	monocephala	54
hirsuta	482	ovularis	75
latifolia	481	pumila	55
	L.		
LACHNANTHES	47/LAURUS		461
tinctoria	47	aestivalis	463
		benzoin	402
 
INDEX,
48*
borbonia	Page		Pag©
	4c>2	crassiuscula	265
Caroliniensw	461	glandulosa	265
Catesbeyana	462	inflata	266
diospyrnides	464	Kalmii	264
diospyrus	464	pallida	265
geniculata	463	puberula	26/
mellissa?fnlia	464	syphilitica	266
pseudobenzoln	463	syphiii -ca	267
sassafras	464 /	LONICERA	27S
/LECHEA	183	biervUl*	273
juncifolia	185	dioica	272
major	184	flava	271
minor	184	grata	272
racemulosa	18).	symphoricarpa	273
tenuifolia	185/LUOW1GIA		211
thvmifolia	185	alata	212
LEERSIA	100	alternfnlia	216
lenticularis	100	alternifolia	217
oryzoides	101	angu»tfoiia	215
Virginica	100	apetala	211
LEONTICE	411	arcuata	215
thalictroides	411	capitata	214
LEIOPHYLLUM	483	cylindrica	2(9
buxifolium	483	decurrens	217
LEPUROPETALON	370	glandulosa	212
spathu latum	370	hirsuta	216
LlGUSTIiUM	351	jussioeoides	217
barbinode	352	lanceolata	213
pusillum	356	linearis	214
LILIUM	387	macrocarpa	2.7
Canadense	388	microcarpa	212
Caroliuianum	388	mollis	214
Catesba^i	387	nitida	211
martagon	388	palustris	211
Philadelphicum	387	pedunculosa	215
superbum	889	pilosa	2)6
LINDERNIA	16	ramosi.tsima	2i7
attenuata	17	rudis	214
dilata	16	sphaerocarpa	213
pyxidaria	16	suffruticosa	215
LINUM	375	virgata	216
Virginianum	375	LYC1UM	'99
LITHOSPERMUM	225	Carol inianum	2 0
arvense	225	LY OPUS	25
LOBELIA	264	angustifoiius	26
amoena	267	exaltatus	26
cardinalis	268	Europoeus	26
claytoniana	-263	sinuatus	26
		VirginictrS	25
_ 
596
INDEX.
 LYONIA
   maritima
 LYS1MACHIA
   angustifolia
   ciliata
   Herbemonti
   heterophylla
   hirsuta
   hybrida
   lanceolata
   lanceolata
   longifolia

 MALUS
   angustifolia
   coronaria
 MARIS  US
   cylindricus
   echinatus
   retrofractus
 MAYACA
   Aubkti
  fluviatilis
 MEDEOLA
   Virginica
 MELANTHIUM
   dioicum
   hybridum
  Icetum
   monoicum
   musccetoxicum
   racemosum
   Virginicum
   Virginicum
MELIA
   azedarach
ME LICA
  glabra
   mutrica
MENYANTHES
   trachysperma
MENZIESIA
   globularis
MESPILUS
   amelanchier
  arbutifolia
   Canadensis
   hyematis
   laciniata
 , punctata -
  quadriflora
  quadrifolia
  quA'tri folia
  Virginianum
LYTHRUM
  alatum
  lanccolatum
  lineare
  virgatum
  verticillatum
Page
316
316
232
234
233
232
235
233
234
233
235
234
   M.
559   MICRANTHEMUM
559    emarginatum
559    orbiculatum
 74   MICROPETALUM
 74    lanuginosum
 75   MILIUM
 74    distichum
 50    paspalodes
 50   MITCHELLA
 50    repens
425   MOLLUGO
425    verticillata
417   MONARDA
423    ciliata
418    clinopodea
421    fistulosa
418    gracilis
421    mollis
424    punctata
418   MONOCERA
420    aromatica
475   MONOTROPA
475    hypopithys
I; A    lanuginosa
154    morisoniana
154    uniflora
230   MONOTROPSrS
230    odorata
447   MUHLENBERGIA
447    diffusa
558    erecta
558   MYLOCARIUM
557    ligustrinum
558   MYOSOTIS
551    Virginana
547   MYURH1S
       Claytoni
Page
 233
 234
 234
 2S3
 226
 544
 545
 544
 545
 544
 544
 17
 18
 17
522
523
103
104
104
198
198
183
183
 23
 SO
 28
 29
 29
 29
 30
176
177
477
478
478
477
477
478
479
 98
 98
 98
508
508
225
225
358
358 
INDEX.
597
	Page		Page
	N.		
NARTHECIUM	424	NICANDRA	277
pubens NECTRIS	424	physaloides	277
	416	NOLINA	425
aquatica	416	Georgiana	425?
peltata	416		
	o.		
(ENANTHE	354	ONOSMODIUM	226
filiformis	354	hispidum	226
Carolinensis	354	OPHIORRHIZA	237
(ENOIHERA	441	lanceolata	238
biennis	441	mitreola	237
Biennis	443	mitreola	238 237
chrysantha	444	ovatifolia	
Fraseri	443	ORNITHOGALUM	397
fruticosa	442	croceum	397
grandiflora	442	ORONTIUM	404
hybrid a	442	aquaticum	404
Linearis	444	OXALIS	525
minima	443	corniculata	525
mollissima	441	furcata	527
muricata	441	Lyoni	527
pumila	444	recurva	526
sinuata	443	stricta	526
OLDENLANDIA	188	violacea	525
glomerata	181	OXYCOCCUS	446
OLE A	5	erectus	447
Americana	5 P. 382	erythrocarpus	447
PANCRATIUM		divergens	130
maritimum	383	ensifolium	12C
Mexicanum	383	filiforme	132
PANICUM	111	geniculaturn	117
alopecurodeum	112	gibbum	116
amarum	121	glaucum	112
anceps	118	gymnocarpon	117
angustifolium	129	hians	118
barbulatum	127	hertellum	115
brevifotium	122	Italicum	113
cap i liar e	126	laevigata m	112
cenchroides	111	lanuginosum	123
ciliatum	126	latifolium	119
corrugatum	113	melicarium	128
crus galli	114	microcarpon	127
dactylon	133	miliaceum	117
debile	129	molie	116
dichotomum	124	multiflorum	122
dichotnmiflorum	117	nervosum	122
dimidiatum	H5	nitidum	128
divaricatum	118	ovale	123
 
493
INDEX.
	Page
paucifloruru	120 125
pubescens	
ramulosum	129
sanguinak	131
scabriusculunj	121
scoparium	119
sphaerocarpon	125
strigosum	126
villosum	124
virgatum	120
viscidum	123
Walteri	115
PARNASSIA	371
asarifolia	372
Caroliniana	371
PASPALUM	104
ciliatifolium	105
dasyphyllura	105
debile	105
dissectum	105
distichum	108
Floridanum	107
laeve	106
membranaceum	109
mucronatum	109
plicatulum	107
praecox	106
purpurascens	108
setaceum	104
vaginans	109
PENTHOKUM	528
sedoides	528
PHACELIA	2**6'
fimbriata	236
PHALANGIUM	398
croceum	398
PHALARIS	101
Americana	lil
arundinacea	102
villoma	102
PHARNAEUM	556
maritimum	556
PHIL DELPHUS	538
grandiflorus	538
inodorus	538
PHLEUM	110
pratense	1»0
PHLOX	242
acuminata	242
amcena	247
aristata	246
	Page
Carolina	245
Carolina	246
cordata	244
divaricata	243
glaberrima l&tifolia	£46
	243
maculata	244
maculata	245
nitida	245
paniculata	242
paniculata	243
pilosa	247
pilosa	247
pyramidalis	243
reptans	248
setacea	249
stolonifera	248
suaveolens	244
subulata	249
trifloia	245
undulata	243
PHYSALIS	277
angulata	278
lanceolata	278
obscura	279
Pennsylvania	278
Peruviana	278
pubescens	280
pruinosa	279
tomentosa	280
viscosa	279
PIIYFOLACCA	530
decandra	530
PINCKNEYA	268
pubens	2o9
PINGUKULA	18
cazrulea	18
elatior	18
lutea	19
pumila	19
PLANER A	334
Gmelini	334
PLANTAGO	201
Caroliniana	201
Caroliniana	202
interrupta	202
lanceolata	202
major	201
sparsiflora	202
Virginica	2<>1
Virginica	202
 
INDEX.
599
 PLEEA
   tenuifolia
 P()\
   amabilis
   ambigua
   angustifolia
   annua
   autnmnalis
   capillaris
   conferta
   cristata
   eragrostis
   fluitans
   glomerata
   hirsuta
   hypuoides
   nitida
   parviflora
   pectinacea
   pratensis
   quinquefida
   refracta
   reptans
   rigid a
   seskroides
   simplex
   spectabilis
   stolonifera
   striata
   tenella
   tenuis
   viridis
 POHALYRIA
   alba
   australis
   coeruka
   perfoliata
   tinctoria
   uniflora
   villosa
PODOSTIGMA
   pubescens
   viridis
POLKMONIUM
   reptans
PO YCARPON
  stipulifidnm
  tetraphyllum
POLYGON ATUM
  aneustifolium
  b.'flonim
  multiflorum
Page
4o5    pubescens
4*5  POLYGO \ELLA
156    parvifolia
> 62  POLYGONUM
105 r  __.»-_,.
 loO
 158
 159
 156
 158
 164
 161
 163
 158
 157
 163
 162
 157
 lfT
 164
 164
 162
 13
 164
 164
 157
 162
 150
 157
 160 >
 156
 159
469
469
468
468
467
467
467
468
326
326
327
261
261
182
 51
182
383
393
393
 394
   arifolium
   aviculare
   barbatum
   bistorta
   convolvulus
   fimbriatum
   hirsutum
   hydropiper
   hydropiperoides'
   incarnatum
   linifolium
   marinum
   maritimum
   mite
   orientale
   Pennsvlvanicunt
   persicaria
   polygamum
   punctatum
   sagittatum
   scandens
   setaceum
   tenue
   Virginianum
PwLYPREVlUM
   procumbens
PON TE DERI A
  cordata
  lancifolia
PORTULACCA
   oleracea
POTAMOGETON
  fluitans
  grammeum
  heterophyllum
  hvbridum
  pauciflorum
POTENTILLA
  Canadensis
  Norwegica
  simplex
PO iHOS
  ovata
PROSERPINACA
  palustris
  pectinata
 palustris
Page
594
458
458
453
459
453
456
454
4j9
583
455
456
456
456
454
453
453
456
457
457
456
558
455
458
459
455
454
454
200
200
381
382
382
534
534
221
221
222
222
222
222
578
573
573
574
404
404
181
181
182
182 
600
INDEX.
r
PRUNUS
  Caroliniana
  chicasa
  hyemalis
  hirsutus
  insititia
  Lusitanica
  maritima
  pumila
  serotina
  spinosa
  Virginiana
  umbellata
PTELEA


qUERIA
JRAFNIA
  perfoliata
RiJANlA
  ovata l
RHAMNUS
  Carolinianus
  miautiflorus
  volubilis
RHAPIS
  acaulis
RHEXIA
  dlifanus
  angustifolia
  ciliosa
  glabella
  lanceolata
  linearifolia
  hi tea
  Mariana
  Mariana
  petiolata
  septemnervta
  stricta
  Virginica
RHODODENDRON
  Catawbiense
  maximum
  minus
  punctatum
RHUS
  aromaticum

copallinu^
Page		Page
539	monophylla	211
540	trifoliata	210
542	PULMONARIA	228
542	Virginica	228
541	PYROLA	504
542	maculata	505
540	rotundifolia	504
543	PYRUS	358
541	angustifolia	558
541	coronaria	559
543	PYXIDANTHERA	
540	barbulata	229
541	spathutata	370
210		
Canadensis		307
R		
	elegans	361
467	glabrum	361
	pumilum	361
521	radicans	363
288	toxicodendron	363
289	typhinum	360
2>9	vernix	362
290	RHYNCHOSPORA	57
	alba	57
430	caduca	62
437	capitellata	61
438	cymosa	58
438	distans	59
439	fascicularis	60
438	glomerata	61
438	inexpansa	61
440	longirostris	59
440	micanthra	58
437	plumosa	58
438	punctata	60
439	rariflora	58
440	sparsa	62
439	RIBES	295
439	gracile	296
483	rotund i folium.	295
485	ROSA	563
483	Carolina	565
484	Carolina ■	564
484	Caroliniana	6 3
360	gem ell a	564
364	laevigata	566
S62	lucida	S63
 
INDEX.
601
    Lutescens
    parviflora
    Pennsylvanica
    setigera
    suaveolens
  ROTTBOELLIA
    dimidiata
  RUBIA
    Brownei
    peregrina
  RUBUS
    cuneifolius
    ftagellaris
    fruticosus
    hispidus
    obovatus
    odoratus


  SABAL
    adansoni
    pumila
 , SABBATIA
    angularis
    brachiata
    calycosa
    chloroides
    corymbosa
    gentianoides
    gracilis
    paniculata
    stellaris
  SACCHARUM
    figanteum
    revibarbe
 SAGINA
    procumbens
    Virginica
 SAL1CORNIA
    ambigua
    herbacea
vSALSOLA
   Caroliniana
   linearis
   salsa
 SALVIA
   acuminata
   angustifolia
   azurea
566	occidentalis
563	parvifolius
565	trivialis
565	villosus
566	RUM EX
178	acetossella
179	Britannicus
198	crispus
198	divaricatus
198	hastatulus
567	persicarioides
5e8	pulcher
569	sanguineus
567	verticillatus
569	RUPPIA
570	maritiina
570	
S.	
430	codestina
430	Claytoni
430	coccinea
282	lyrata
285	Mexicana
284	obovata
285	verbenaca
286	urticifolia
283	SAMBUCUS
286	Canadensis
284	pubens
282	pubescens
284	SAMOLUS
38	valerandi
38	SANGUISORBA
39	Canadensis
221	media
221	SANICULA
204	Marilandica
3	SAPINDUS
4	saponaria
3	SAPONARIA
331	officinalis
331	SAROTHRA
332	gentianoides
332	SAURURUS
31	cernuus
33	SAXIFRAGA
33	erosa
33	
Page
 568
 568
 569
 567
 413
 415
 414
 414
 415
 416
 415
 413
 413
 413
 581
 581
  S3
  32
  32
  31
  33
  33
  32
  32
 368
 368
 368
 368
 263
 263
 206
 206
 206
 348
 348
 460
 460
 513
 514
 3711
 371
432
4S2
511
512
D4 
602
INDEX.
  leucanthemifolia
  Virginiensis
SCANIUX
  procumbens
SCHOENUS
  albus
  capitellatus
  corniculatus
  distans
  eifusus
  fascicularis
  hispululus
  inexpanms
  longirost-ris
  ranflorus
  setaceus
  sparsus
  umbella* us
SCIKPUS
  acicularis
  Amsricanus
  autumnalis
  brunneus
  capillaceus
  capitaris
  capitatus
  castaneus
  castaneus
  cephal -tes
  ciliatifolius
  coarctatus
  debilis
  divaricatus
  echinatus
  cquisetoides
  eriophorum
  exaltatus
  fenugineus
  filiformis
  geniculatus
  lacustris
  lineatus
  maritimus
  minimus
  mucronatus
  mucronatus
  roucronulatus
  nitens
  |>alustris
Page 512	pendulus	rag* 87
511	polyphvllus	88
357	puberulus	85
357	pusillus	75
56	qua 'rangulatus	78
57	retrofractus	74
61	robustus	86
59	schcenoides	89
6)	simplex	76
56	spadiceus	84
60	spathaceus	73
56	stenophyllus	83
62	sulcatus	86
5M	trichodes	76
58	triqueter	80
56	tuberculatus	78
62	valid us	81
59	SEDUM	528
75	pulchellum	529
76	pusdium	530
80	tclephioides	529
82	ternatum	529
87	SELINUM	350
75	< aoadense	351
82	SE^UVTUM	555
77	pedunculatum	5>5
84	pentandrum	556
84	portulacastrum	555
89	sess;le	556
82	SIDEROXYLON	287
83	chrysophylloides	2*8
79	lanuginosum	288
68	lycioides	287
75	loeve	287
79	reclinatum	287
91	sericeum	288
87	tenax	288
85	SILhNE	515
7e	antirrhina	517
77	Caroliniana	516
81	tatesbmi	516
87	fimbriata	515
86	ovata	517
82	Pennsylvania	515
80	quinquevulnera	515
80	Virginica	516
82	SISON	355
87	C anadense	358
77	marginatum	353
 
	INDEX.		603
	Page		Page
pusillum	356	SPIR.EA	559
trifoliatum.	356	aruncus	513
siuvi	353	aruncus	561
denticu latum	354	Iobata	561
nodiflorum	355	opulifolia	560
rigidius	553	salicifolia	560
rig idi us	354	stipulacea	562
teretiolium	354	tomentosa	5 0
tricuspidatum	354	trifoliata	562
SMlLu IN A	3^4	STAPHYLEA	369
racemosa	395	trifolia	S 9
umbellata	395	STATCIE	574,
SMYRMUM	359	Caroliniana	374
atropurpureum	3 GO	limooium	374
aureum	359	STELL\RIA	517
barbmode	352	piostrata	518
cordafum	359	pubera	5 7
integerrimum	3'>0	uniflora	520
SO LAM A VDRA	295	STIPA	l.»9
cord folia	295	avenacea	139
SOLANUM	280	barbata	139
Carolinense	2«2	capi Maris	140
mainmosum	28 I	diffusa	135
nigrum	280	melanocarpa	146
Virginianum	28I	sericea	135
SOPHORA	467	stricta	140
alba	469	villosa	145
lanceo'ata	467	ST1PULICIDA	51
perfoliata	467	setacea	51
tinctoria	4 7	STREPiOPUS	392
villosa	468	ruseus	392
SORBUS	555	STYRAX	505
aucuparia	555	glabrum	506
microcarpa	555	glabrum	5< 7
SPARITNA	94	grandiflorum	505
glabra	95	grandiflorum	505
juncea	94	leeve	506
polvstachia	95	officinale	505
SPERGULA	5'.A3	pulverulentum	506
arvensis	523	SYENA	50
decumbens	5-'3	fluviatilis	50
nodosa	523	SY 1PHOREA	272
sagir.oides	5 '3	glomerata	273
SPERGUL1STRUM	522	Si'MPHORIGARPUS	273
lanuginosum	5-Z2	vulgaris	273
SPERMACOCE	188	SY.VTHERISMA	131
diodina	189	precox	131
involucrata	189	serotina	132
tenuior	188	villosa	132
SPIGELIA	236		
Marilandica	236		
 
604                   INDEX.
	Page		Page
	T.		
TABERNJEMONTANA	313	TRICHODIUM	99
amS'inia	313	decumbens	99
TALINUM	535	laxiflorum	99
teretifolium	535	perennans	99
THALIA	2	TRICOPHORUM	91
dealbata	2	cyperinum	91
THAPSIA	359	lineatum	87
trifoliata	359	TR1GLOCHIN	417
THESIUM	310	triandrum	417
corymbulosum	311	TRILLIUM	426
umbellatum	311	Cat sbxi	429
TIARELLA	518	cernuum	429
biternata	513	cernuum	428
TILLANDSIA	378	erectum	427
Bartramii	379	erythrocarpum	428
monostachya	379	grandiflorum	427
recurvata	380	nervosum	429
usneoides	379	pendulum	428
TOF1ELDIA	424	pictum	428
glaberrima	424	pumilum	427
pubens	424	pusillum	427
pubescens	424	rhomboideum	427
TRADESCANTIA	380	TRIOSTEUM	269
cristata	380	angustifoliuui	270
rosea	381	majus	269
Virginica	380	minus	270
Virginica	381	perfoliatum	269
TRACHYNOTIA	94	TRIP TERELLA	42
juncea	94	capitata	43
polystachya	95	ccerulea	43
TRIBULUS	476	TURNERA	369
maxim us	476	cistoides	370
terrestris	476		
	u.		
ULMUS	S3S	UTRICULARIA	20
alata	334	biflora	23
Americana	333	bipartita	22
campestris	334	ceratophylla	20
fulva	333	fibrosa	20
pumila	334	gibba	22
rubra	334	inflata	20
UNIOLA	166	Integra	23
gracilis	168	longirostris	21
latifolia	167	personata	23
maritima	166	pumila	24
nitida	167	purpurea	21
paniculata	166	saccata	21
spicata	166	setacea subulata	23 24
 
INDEX.
60S
  UVULARIA
    flava
    grandiflora
    perfoliata

  VACCINIUM
    arboreum
    corymbosum
    crassifolium
    diffusum
    disumorphum
    dumosum
    erythrocarpum
   frondosum
    fuscatum
-  galezans
   glaucum
   ligustrinum
   mucronatum
   myrsinites
   myrtifolium
   myrtilloides
   nitidum
   Pennsylvanicum
   resinosum
   stamineum
   tenellum
   virgatum
 VAGINA RIA
   Richardi
 VALERIANA
   locusta
 VERATRUM
   angustifolium
   luteum
   parviflorum
   viride
VERBASGUM
   blattaria
   lychnitis
   thapsus
VERONICA
  agrestis
  anagallis
  arvensis
  Caroliniana
  officinalis

WENDLANDIA
Page		Page
390	perfoliata	391
390	puberula	391
391	sessihfolia	392
390		
V.		
494	peregrina	10
495	serpyllifolia	8
498	Virginica	7
49 .■)	VIBURNUM	864
496	acerifolium	3o4
498	cassinoides	366
497	cassinoides	366
447	dentatum	364
497	laevigatum	3ti7
499	Ientago	365
499	obovatum	366
497	prunifolium	365
490	VILLARSIA	230
496	cordata	230
494	trachvsporma	239
495	VINCETOXICUM	328
500	acanthocarpos	328
494	gonocarpos	328
500	VIOLA	296
498	arvensis	302
496	asarifolia	299
500	blanda	293
498	Canadensis	301
54	canina	301
54	clandestina	293
42	concolor	303
42	cordata	299
419	cucullata	298
420	debilis	301
423	digitata	300
419	hastata	302
419	lanceolata	296
273	palmata	300
274	pedata	300
274	primulifolia	297
274	rotundifolia	298
7	sagittata	299
9	striata	301
9	tripartita	302
9	villosa	297
10	VIVIS	304
8	arborea	304
w	•	
433	populifolia	43g
 
606
INDEX,
	Page	rage
	x.	
XYRIS	51 flexuosa	51
brevifolia	52 juncea	53
Caroliniana	51 jupicai	51
fiinuriata	52 Y.	
YUCCA	400 filamentosa	400
aliofolia draconis	401 gloriosa	400
	401 recurvifolia	401
	z.	
ZANTHORHIZA	376 ZIGAHENUS	420
apii folia	377 glaberrimus	420
ZIZYPHUS	289	
▼olubilis	290	
 
 
 
S
^t in  ■ i  .iiii .-.iiii—ii  .1 
Pl 1.
NV 1
f//////r.rt////AiffM  f'f/t>/?/////n
/'j'/vV/z/Mtrs  /iret'idartiis
F/t/rr//// *Sy//t//r/<s//
Ajy////-///?/■/ Pu/tti/a 
Pill.                       v>i
/"}//u-/7f.y //ys//y/
2 \\
\, «	y v ^*/
* '	
	v v
\J-1 1	
	
	
/ ' < If -V </	
Sy W W	
^~*Mw^'	
'^V v^fjEC*	
	/v rA *
	
* .• .V
?-.*'U;j
/ -wJ>»'»;,W  h> '/ft // / >
y> ///%// ,f /////_______i/•//////. s /)< ,//■/, ///// ( 
 
^*a 
PUII.                     *J?1



Mariscr/s Erfiirratus
SciTpU. S ■ U//(/(// Y///S/HA:- '■ A7A r
Die/? rowc?/a Z,eucoce/?Aa/a
7recAo/?/iorum f'y/oerinu/n 
n.iv.                    x9j
EriopAoruv/ Virginicum
Sparftna G/aS/rj
4n/nrf///t7/'ta- l/v y'<" .y/v// <■/ 
 
 
/V/yj/y/y/s  /y/yryyyyyyy/y 
C Y YT\ S YYY  f/f/Y/yYYYS
•*y\ 
 
*


*
mm
^^UMMMiii 
l7sMCZYY7YZY*YYS
Jhm'cum ffscYdY/m
jOYyY/YzrYYZ fit/mr/ 
pi.viii.
N91

J '///V/  „ //'< YYYYZ v YY
//7,s'/yy/<y   (Jy-yYci/Ys
''111/7 /
^/Yyy/ro/YYyYVYZt'/YyY. s /yyy/y//Yyyyy 
r
I 

I 
 
 
■*■«•/ 
V
■Mfr
J0mwii' <NPWWiWkr=^ 
 
Pl XII.
Vol. i.P. 179
Vbl.2.P.560
fy/Y/YYYf/y/Yyyy/yy/yy             ("YYY'y'.f /JyYSY/yyy
Y/yyYYyyyy 
 
I
• Jtmrnmrnrmmmmmmemmmme  I 

"S 
 
NLM032041977