X^1 illlii! VW\\XrM '•.«■' V-i.i-: mk-ZM n !h*i 100 V4®wW>r ■ '• "* >.\ Surgeon General's Office n ■„ 1»¥«ICT l. 'roe Coi'd.j 3.5S 8,089 7,684 49.45 46.97 1800 20,473 9,630 9,819 1,024 47.04 47.96 5.00 1810 24,711 11.568 11,67.1 1,472 46.80 47.25 5.95 1820 24.780 10,653 12,652 1,475 42.99 51.06 5.95 1824 27,822 32,357 13,852 1.613 44.42 49.79 5.79 1830 30,289 12,828 15,354 2,107 42.36 50.69 6.95 1840 29,261 13,030 14,673 1,558 44.53 50.14 5.33 1848 26,451 14,187 10,772 1.492 53.64 40.72 5.64 From this table it appears that the proportion be- tween the white and colored population has varied at different periods of our history. At the time of the taking of the first United States Census, in 1790, the white exceeded the slave population by about 3 per cent. During the next decade, the slaves increased with more rapidity than the whites, and at the com- mencement of the present century, slightly exceeded them by about .89 per cent. From this period up to 1830, the increase of the slave population was both absolutely and relatively greater than that of the whites. The increase, however, ceased in 1830, and since then the slave population has diminished in num- ber. In the ten years irom 1830 to 1840, the decrease was small, and the slave still exceeded the white popu- lation; in the next period, however, from 1840 to 1848, the decrease has been so very rapid, that in this last year, the white not only exceeds the slave population, but exceeds in proportion the whole colored population, both slave and free, being the first period in the history of the city, since the revolution, that such a state of her population has existed. The free colored popula- CLASSES OF POPULATION. 11 tion also in the forty years from 1790 to 1830 was steadily on the increase, their numbers having been nearly quadrupled within that period, and their relative proportion nearly doubled. Since 1830 this class has decreased as well as the slave population, though not in as great a ratio. It is a question of interest, and one of some importance to the city, as to the cause of this rapid decrease of her slave population. Is it a bona fide decrease, that is to say, have nearly 3,000 slaves been removed from the city and its neighborhood during the last eight years, driven away by free labor introduced from abroad, or is it a mere change of do- micile? It is probable that the latter is the case. A populous suburb, separated from the city proper only by a street, without very efficient police regulations, exempt in a great measure from taxation, attracts towards itself yearly a considerable number of this class of the population. There they live at lower rents, are freed from many of the restraints imposed upon them by city regulations, while they enjoy the advantage of being able at all times to seek means of employment in the city. Proportion of Sexes.—There has been but little variation in the relative proportion of the sexes among the white population of the city since 1790. There are no means of ascertaining the proportion which the females have borne to the males among the colored population previous to 1820, as in the United States Census' of 1790, 1800, and 1810, the sex and ages of this class of the population were not taken. For the purpose of illustrating the proportion which the sexes have borne to each other in different periods, the fol- lowing table has been constructed, exhibiting the rela- tive proportion of the sexes from 1790 to 1848 for the 12 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. white population, and from 1820 population, the slaves and free together in this table under one to 1848 for the colored colored being classed head. O "o o To each 100 males the fe-males were 123.57 130.04 134.68 121.87 co CD IS To each 100 males the fe-males were O iO CO rH t>- 00 i> o © r^ © c* © od XlOlOlOOOiOl rH i—i o o & CD (-C CD XI -*> m (3 o TO s- s~ o "o O CO o 13 CO cd g cu fa 00 CO Oi CO (N iO CO OJ •O CO »> rH iO tfj >o lO BE _CD s ~TO CD S CD fa TO CD '3 >«rH <=) C* <> ^ £-rH oo c* 10 rj* "^ "^t1 rH CO CO (M CO 00 —1 00 Cft i-; CO © CO CO CO •T5 i> Oi © © i> Ci rH TJH rH O lO rH rH E ■3 D 3 H rH Th 00 i> W Ci ©ToTco CO o CO « W m o Pi W M S TO _CD "3 00 i-h i> Oi i—l C5 i—I i—* CO tfO Oi iO co"t^co"io "3 o EH b-r-i^CO co~cf CO TO s CD fa_ TO CD hOOCOOO^ t^ LO^ J^ CO^ LO^ c^ o co rf trT irT co" ccT i^ —< -* CO CO CO «>• o i> CO CO O* CQ CM rH co^ ©^ oo CO^ CO^ 00^ H rf >-o" irT io co crT i>~ "3 o EH O O 00 CO 00 O i> 00 CO CO irt C* CO 00 ©^ co^ iO CO^ 00 © r-^ 00 Q? r* ©"" Cf CO rf l—1 l—1 — t-H —H CO s © O O © O O 00 Oi © i—i C* CO tH rH i> 00 00 00 00 00 00 From this table it appears that the male white popu- AGES OF THE POPULATION. 13 lation of the city has always exceeded the female except in the years 1820 and 1830, when there was a slight excess of females. This is contrary to the proportion that usually prevails in cities, the female usually exceed- ing the male population by from 10 to 20 per cent. Among the colored population, on the contrary, the females uniformly exceeded the males in an unusually great ratio. The subsequent tables will shew that this excess of females was even greater among the free colored population than among the slaves. The ages of the Population.—In order to illus- trate this point, the following table has been arranged, exhibiting the ages of white, slave and free colored population, as far as they could be obtained from the different Census' taken by the United States. The last table is calculated from the returns of the Census of 1848, in which the ages of the colored population were taken in the same classes of age as the whites. In these tables the males are distinguished from the females, and the proportion of the latter to each 100 males at the specified ages calculated: Classes accord-ing to age. NUMBER OK WHITES. To each 100 per-sons there were To each 100 males the females were Males. Females. Totals. 1800 Under 10 10 to 16 16 to 26 26 to 45 Over 45 1,323 677 882 1,707 442 1,321 670 874 1,270 464 4,599 1,683 953 870 1,352 847 2,644 1,347 1,756 2,977 906 27.46 13.99 18.23 30.91 9.41 99.84 98.81 99.92 74.39 104.97 Totals. 1810 Under 10 10 to 16 16 to 26 26 to 45 Over 45 5,031 1,292 832 1,511 1,501 727 9,630 2,975 1,785 2,381 2,853 1,574 100.00 25.72 15.43 20.58 24.66 13.61 91.41 130.26 114.55 57.57 90.07 116.50 Totals. 1820 Under 10 10 to 16 5,863 1,408 649 5,705 1,359 825 11,568 2,767 1,474 100.00 25.97 13.84 97.30 95.52 127.11 14 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Classes accord-ing to age. NUMBER OK WHITES. To each 100 per-sons there were To each 100 males the females were Males. Females. 1,113 Totals. 16 to 26 1,147 2,260 21.21 97.03 26 to 45 1,305 1,192 2,497 23.44 91.34 Over 45 814 841 1,655 15.54 103.31 Totals. 5,323 5,330 10,653 100.00 100.12 Under 14 NUMBER OF SLAVES. 32.72 121.95 2,047 2,092 4,139 14 to 26 1.609 2,255 3,864 30.54 140.14 26 to 45 1,400 1,758 3,158 24.96 125.57 Over 45 639 852 1,491 11.78 131.76 Totals. 5,695 6,957 12,652 100.00 125.15 Under 14 NUMBER OF FREE COLORED. 38.10 110.48 267 295 562 14 to 26 127 172 299 20.27 135.43 26 to 45 119 216 335 22.71 181.52 Over 45 110 169.. 279 18.92 153 63 Totals. 623 852 1,475 100.00 136.75 1830 Nl MBER OF WHI TES. Under 5 935 799 1,734 13.52 85.45 5 to 10 750 752 1,502 11.71 100.26 10 to 15 692 708 1,400 10.92 102.31 15 to 20 659 810 1,469 11.45 122.91 20 to 30 1,242 1,329 2,571 20.04 107.00 30 to 40 1,056 924 1,980 15.44 87.50 40 to 50 532 515 1,047 8.16 98.80 50 to 60 265 364 629 4.90 137.35 60 to 70 115 184 299 2.33 160.00 70 to 80 58 86 144 1.12 148.27 80 to 90 19 25 44 .34 131.57 90 to 100 3 5 8 .06 166.66 Over 100 1 1 .01 Totals. 6,326 6,502 12,828 100.00 102.75 1830 NUM 3ER OF SLAVE 5. Under 10 2,125 2,311 4,436 28.89 108.75 10 to 24 2,027 2,331 4,358 28.39 114.99 24 to 36 1,466 2,074 3,539 23.05 141.56 36 to 55 900 1,288 2,188 14.25 143.11 55 to 100 256 567 823 5.35 221.09 Over 100 4 6 10 .07 150.00 Totals. 6,777 8,577 15,354 100.00 126.65 Under 10 NUMBE R OF FREE CO LORED. 38.25 115.30 374 432 806 10 to 24 178 336 514 24.40 188.76 24 to 36 155 260 415 19.70 167.74 36 to 55 62 144 206 9.78 232.25 55 to 100 44 120 164 7.78 272.72 Over 100 1 1 2 .09 100.00 Totals. 814 1,293 2,107 100.00 158.83 AGES of the population. 15 Classes according to age. 1840™ Under 5 to 10 to 15 to 20 to 30 to 40 to 50 to 60 to 70 to 80 to 90 to 100 Over 100 Totals- 1840 Under 10 10 to 24 24 to 36 36 to 55 55 to 100 Over 100 To each 100 per- To each 100 males sons there were the females were Totals. Under 10 10 to 24 24 to 36 36 to 55 55 to 100 Over 100 Totals^ 1848 Under 5 to 10 to 15 to 20 to 30 to 40 to 50 to 60 to 70 to 80 to 80 to 100 Over 100 ""Totals. 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 253 251 504 161 296 457 105 232 337 48 124 172 16 69 85 3 3 583 975 1,558 32.35 29.33 21.63 11.04 5.46 .19 NUMBER OF WHITES. 100.00 901 864 1,765 12.44 753 781 1,534 10.81 683 646 1,329 9.37 676 648 1,324 9.33 1,547 1,476 3,023 21.30 1,252 1,100 2,352 16.58 685 690 1,375 9.69 381 427 808 5.70 182 260 442 3.12 66 119 185 1.30 13 32 45 .32 1 4 5 .04 7,140 7,047 14,187 100.00 16 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Classes according to age. NUMBER OF SLAVES. To each 100 per-sons there were To each 100 males the females were Males. Females. Totals. 1848 Under 5 692 678 1,370 12.72 97.97 5 to 10 530 544 1,074 9.97 102.75 10 to 20 1,117 1,213 2,330 21.63 108.59 20 to 30 1,037 1,041 2,078 19.29 100.38 30 to 40 690 884 1,574 14.61 128.11 40 to 50 456 678 1,134 10.53 148.68 50 to 60 261 443 704 6.54 169.61 60 to 70 124 204 328 3.04 164.51 70 to 80 39 75 114 1.06 192.30 80 to 90 16 25 41 .38 156.50 90 to 100 7 10 17 .16 142.86 Over 100 5 3 8 .07 60.00 Totals. 4,974 5,798 10,772 100.00 116.58 Under 5 NUMBS R OF FREE C€ LORED. 14.61 107.61 105 118 218 5 to 10 87 100 187 12.53 114.94 10 to 20 115 160 275 18.43 139.13 20 to 30 82 184 266 17.27 224.39 30 to 40 52 131 183 12.27 251.92 40 to 50 50 90 140 9.38 180.00 50 to 60 34 74 108 7.24 217.64 60 to 70 16 46 62 4.16 287.50 70 to 80 6 21 27 1.80 350.00 80 to 90 6 16 22 1.47 266.66 90 to 100 2 2 .14 Over 100 2 2 .14 Totals. 553 939 1,492 100.00 169.08 From these tables it appears that the proportion which the sexes have borne to each other, at different ages, has varied much at different periods. In examin- ing those years in which the ages of the white popula- tion was taken in the same divisions, viz : 1800 to 1820, it appears that in the classes under ten in 1800, the males stood to the females as 100 to 99.84; in 1810 the relation was changed, and the females exceeded the males by 30 per cent.; while in 1820 the proportion was again changed, the males being to the females as 100 to 95.52. At the ages between 10 and 16 the females exceeded the males in 1810 and 1820, but were exceeded by the males in 1800. For the ages over 45 the females uniformly exceeded the males. In examin- CLASSES OF POPULATION. 17 ing the ages of the population for these years, it will be seen that in 1810 and 1820, the largest proportion of the population was between the ages of 26 and 45 ; in 1800 it was largest under 10. A comparison of the ages of the white population from 1830 to 1848, shews a larger proportion between the ages of 5 and 15 in 1830, that at any other period. In examining the ages of the slaves and free colored for the years 1820, 1830, 1840, it will be perceived that a very large proportion were under ten years of age; in 1830 the proportion of free colored under ten amounted to 38.25 per cent. The rapid diminution in the per centage of these classes of the population over twenty-four is very remarkable, and more marked in the free colored than in the slaves. The enumerations of the population from 1800 to 1820 shews the numbers of the population under 16, from 16 to 45, and over 45. These have been arrang- ed in classes in the subjoined tables, and shew the largest proportion under 16 in 1800, and the smallest in 1820; in 1810 the largest proportion was between 16 and 45. Years. NUMBER OF PERSONS. IN EACH 100 THERE WERE. All ages. Under 16. 16 to 45. Over 45. Under 16. 16 to 45. Over 45. 1800 1810 1820 9,630 11,568 10,653 3,991 4,760 4,241 4,733 5,234 4,757 906 1,574 1,655 41.44 41.15 39.81 49.15 45.24 44.65 9.41 13.61 15.54 " It has been said that a country is placed in the most favorable circumstances for advancement when the largest proportion of its population are of an age suited to active employments." This age has been variously estimated; by some it has been supposed to extend from 15 to 45, by others the period has been advanced to 60, and this latter is probably most correct, as most men in the enjoyment of good health are able to pro- long their labors even somewhat beyond this period. For the purpose of illustrating the condition of the 3 18 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. population in this respect, the following table has been arranged, exhibiting the proportions under 15 from 15 to 60, and over 60, from 1830 to 1848. Years. 1830 1840 1848 NUMBER OF PERSONS. IN EACH 100 THERE WERE. All ages. Under 15. 15 to 60. Over 60. Under 15. 15 to 60. lOver 60. 12,828 13,030 14.187 4,636 4,304 4,628 7,696 8,304 8,882 496 422 677 36.14 33.04 32.62 59.99 1 3.87 63.74 1 3.22 62.60 | 4.78 From this table it appears that the largest proportion of the population between 15 and 60 was in 1840, the smallest in 1830. If these proportions are compared with those of other cities, it will be perceived that in the proportions of her productive class, Charleston is placed in as favorable circumstances for advancement as most of the cities named, except Lowell. The pro- portions of these classes are as follows : Under 15. 15 to 60. Over 60. In Lowell it was 25.00 73.68 1.32 In New York city 34.75 62.65 2.60 In Philadelphia 32.69 63.50 3.81 In London 30 84 63.13 6.03 In Liverpool 32.93 62.89 4.18 In Boston 30.99 65.83 3.18 In the following tables the population has been divi- ded into those over 20 and those under 20. From this statement it will be seen that since 1830 the largest proportion of the population has been over 20 years of age. Years. NUMBER OF PERSONS. IN EACH 100 THERE WERE. All ages. Under 20. Over 20. Under 20. Over 20. 1830 1840 1848 12,828 13,030 14,187 6,105 5,790 5,952 6,723 | 47.59 7,240 44.44 8,235 | 41.95 52.41 55.56 58.05 In none of the above tables have the males been dis- tinguished from the females; in the following this divi- sion has been made, and the proportions which the CLASSES OF POPULATION. 19 several classes bear to the whole number calculated, and the proportions of the males to the females in each class. To each 100 To each 100 To each 100 Classes. Males. Females. Total. 1 persons males the fe- females the Under 5 there were 12.44 males were. males were 704727" 901 864 1,765 95.89 5 to 15 1,436 1,427 2,863 20.17 99.36 100.63 Over 15 4,803 4,756 9,559 67.37 99.02 100.98 Under 15 2,337 2,291 4,628 32.62 98.02 102.00 15 to 60 4,541 4,341 8,882 62.60 95.58 104.55 Over 60 262 415 677 4.78 158.38 63.10 Under 20 3,013 2,939 5,952 41.95 97.54 102.51 Over 20 4,127 4,108 8,235 58.05 99.53 100.46 The following tables have been arranged to show the proportion of the population that survive specified ages, and in the same table, for the purposes of com- parison, the same calculations are given for Boston, Liverpool and London. From this statement it ap- pears, that up to the age of thirty the proportion sur- viving is nearly the same in this city as in London and Boston, and somewhat greater than in Liverpool. From thirty upwards, the proportion who survive is greater here than in Boston, but less than in London, and about the same as in Liverpool. For the purpose of comparing the different classes of the population the number of slaves and free colored, surviving specified ages, in 1848, has also been calculated. Age sur-viving. CHARLESTON. Whites. Slaves. Free col'd Boston. London. Liverpool- 1830.) 1840. 1848. 1848. 1848. 1845. 1841. 1841. Atbirth 5 years 10 " 15 " 20 " 30 " 40 " 50 " 60 " 70 " 80 " 90 " 100.00 86.48 74.77 63.85 52.40 32.36 16.92 8.76 3.86 1.53 .41 .07 100.00 86.05 76.32 66.97 55.56 32 06 16.33 7.83 3.23 1.26 .27 .07 100.00 87.50 76.75 67.38 58.05 36.75 20.17 10.48 4.78 1.66 .36 .04 100.00 87.28 77.31 66.50 55.68 36.39 21.78 11.25 4.81 1.67 .61 .23 100.00 85.39 72.86 63.65 54.43 36.60 24.33 14.95 7.71 3.53 1.75 .28 100.00 87.37 77.44 69.01 59.43 33.55 16.06 7.31 3.15 .99 .21 .02 100.00 86.49 75.96 67.05 57.92 38.96 23.70 12.6C 5.62 1.85 .35 100.00 84.97 70.83 59.77 40.34 35.23 21.32 10.73 4.83 1.64 .35 .031 20 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. DWELLING HOUSES OF THE POPULATION. In the schedules used by the enumerators, the fol- lowing enquiries were made on this subject: 1st. Location. 2d. Whether brick or wood. 3d. Number of families in the house. 4th. Whether used for any other purpose. 5th. Whether the occupant owned the house. From the answers to these enquiries the fol- lowing table has been formed, containing an abstract of all the information obtained. CLASSES OF DWELLING HOUSES. WARDS. Inhabited—brick No. No. No.j No. Total. 1,149 1 2 3 4 262 153 333 401 " wood Total inhabited. Used as stores, offices, &c. Inhabited by 1 family 137 333 361 686 1,517 2,666 358 399 486 694 1,087 90 129 20 119 117 185 168 314 784 " " 2 families 10 7 18 30 65 u a o a 3 5 0 4 12 u a 4 u 0 0 0 0 0 Owned by an occupant—Total. Inhabited by 1 family 0 1 0 0 1 862 1,482 130 198 186 348 207 231 397 647 " " 2 families 39 41 75 80 235 " " 3 " 16 10 21 6 53 u u 4 a 6 4 11 5 26 « " 5 " 1 2 1 1 5 u a g a 0 0 1 0 1 u a a u 0 0 1 0 1 Not owned by occupant—Total. Building and vacant brick 0 0 1 0 1 1,804 269 288 508 739 31 4 17 17 69 " " wood Total dwelling houses. Number of families in each ward 8 9 15 22 54 438 499 726 1,126 2,789 508 589 887 1,236 3,220 " " " « house 1.15 1.18 1.22 1.09 1.20 " of persons to a house 5.78 5.32 5.61 4.98 5.32 " of " " family. 4.54 4.34 4.39 1 4.46 4.40 This table the exhibits number and the classes of the houses in each ward; the number of families in each FAMILIES. 21 ward ; the number of families in each house ; the num- ber of persons to a house and to a family, and how owned. The total number of inhabited nouses was 2,666, and the total number of families 3,220 or 1.20 families to each house, and 4.40 persons to each family. The number of families to a house, and the number of persons to each family, &c. vary in the different wards. Smallest. Largest. The number of families. Ward. 1 4 The number of families to a house. " 4 3 The number of persons to a house. 4 1 The number of persons to a family. " 2 1 The number of dwelling houses in the city in 1820, as reported by the City Assessor, were 2,336; in 1830, 2,481, and in 1840, 2,804. According to the recent enumeration there are 3,147 houses, out of which num- ber 2,789 are used partially or entirely as dwellings, and 358 as stores, &c. In the Spring of 1838 between five and six hundred houses, exclusive of out buildings, were destroyed by fire, and we were desirous of show- ing the number and description of houses erected since then, but the information obtained from the City records was so meagre as to preclude the possibility of our making the slightest approximation to a correct state- ment. The number of houses however, at present, is larger than prior to the fire, and are mostly superior in size and comfort to those destroyed. The next table exhibits the number of families in- habiting the different classes of houses. 22 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. CLASS OF HOUSES. Owned by occu-pant. Number of fami-lies. "784 130 Not own-ed by oc-cupant. Number of fami-lies. Total Houses. Total families. Inhabited by 1 family " 2 " 784 65 1,482 235 1,482 470 2,266 300 2,266 600 u u 3 .« 12 36 53 159 65 195 It u 4 0 0 26 104 26 104 (( u 5 t< 0 0 5 25 5 25 t< i. 6 39 3. Contributing to Education. Boot and Shoe makers , 67 Music teachers, 5F 10 Cap makers, 8 School teachers, 47F 33 Clothing dealers, 19 Teachers Modern Lan- Curriers, 1 guages, 4 Dry good dealers, 39F 86 Teachers of Dancing, 2F 2 Dyers, 4 — — Hat dealers, 10 ' Total. 54F 49 32 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. WHITES. 4. Contributing to Food. Bakers, IF 35 Bar keepers, 16 Bacon dealers, 1 Boarding-house keepers, 40F 14 Bottlers, 1 Butchers, 4 Cigar makers, 10 Confectioners, 4F 13 Farmers, 6 Fishermen, 10 Fruiterers, 9F 40 Gardeners, IF 5 Grain dealers, 8 Grocers, 205 Hotel keepers, IF 3 Ice dealers, 2 Market women, IF 0 Milk venders, 8F 0 Pastry Cooks, IF 0 Planters, 25F 101 Restaurant keepers, 2 Seedsmen, 3 Sugar refiners, 6 Sugar boilers, 1 Syrop makers, 1 Tavern keepers, 36 Tobacconists, 6 Total. 91F 529 5. Contributing to Furniture. Basket makers, 1 Cabinet makers, 26 Carvers and Gilders, 6 Carpet dealers, 2 Coal dealers, 5 Crockery dealers, IF 8 Furniture store-keepers, 6 Gas pipe-fitters, 8 Jewellers, 17 Military store-keepers, 2 Oil and Paint dealers, 3 Organ builders, 1 Paper hangers, 1 Piano builders, 3 Silver-smiths, 1 Tinners, 23 Upholsterers, 10 Watch-makers, 15 6. Contributing to Health. Bath keepers, 2 Botanic Practitioners, IF 2 Dentists, 11 Druggists, 25 Midwives, 5F 0 Physicians, 89 Sextons, 4 Undertakers, 5 Total. 6F 138 7. Contributing to Religion. Clergymen, Total 52 52 8. Contributing to Justice. City officers, 35 Constables, 6 Consuls, 5 Custom-house officers, 34 Gaugers, 4 Judges, 3 Lawyers, 76 Measurers of Lumber and Wood, 3 Notaries Public, 2 Police officers, 10 Port Wardens, 5 State officers, J1 United States officers, 4 Watchmen, 90 Total. 278 Totals. IF 138 9. Contributing to Literature and the Arts. Artists, 10 Book binders, 10 Book dealers, 10 Daguerreotypers, 3 Editors, 5 Engravers, ] Librarians, 3 Painters, j j Printers, 55 Stationers, 4 Total. 122 OCCUPATIONS. 33 WHITES. 10. Contributing to Machinery. Mill-wrights, 4 Boiler-makers, 6 Machinists, 10 Total. 20 11. Contributing to Locomotion. Carriage dealers, Coachmen, Coach makers, Coach Painters, Coach trimmers, Draymen, Farriers, Harness makers, Horse-shoers, Omnibus drivers, Railroad clerks, Saddlers, Stable-keepers, Wheel-wrights, Total. 12. Contributing to Navigation. Inspector of Steamboat Boilers, Nautical store-keepers, Navy officers, Navy agent, Pilots, Riggers, Sail makers, Seamen, Ship Chandlers, Ship Brokers, Ship Carpenters, Ship Joiners, Wharfingers, Lock-smiths, Moulders, Pump and Block makers, Turners, Total. 14. Unclassified residue of lation. Accountants, Actors, Apprentices, 5F Army officers, Auctioneers, Bank officers, Brokers, Clerks, 3F Collectors, Commission Merchants, Cotton brokers, Engineers, Exchange brokers, Factors, Gas Company officers, 95 Hard-ware dealers, House servants, 100F House-keepers, 13F Insurance officers, t* Journeymen, Iron-mongers, Keepers of public insti- tutions, 2F Laborers, Lottery dealers, Merchants, Mill superintendents, Total. 13. Unclassified Mechanics. Bell-hangers, Black-smiths, Brass-workers, Coopers, Copper-smiths, Cutlers, Gun-smiths, 1 8 1 26 5 9 150 4 1 48 4 20 278 7 45 2 20 5 1 6 Monthly nurses, Musicians, Music dealers, Pedlers, Porters, Salesmen, Showmen, Stevedores, Store-keepers, Surveyors, Traders, Variety-store-keepers, Wood Factors, Total. 7F 4F 3 3 3 2 97 Popu- 98 7 56 2 11 50 21 665 17 13 3 43 3 49 2 9 18 0 5 4 3 8 192 1 208 14 0 16 3 6 8 1 5 1 0 2 1 8 16 134F 1569 34 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. WHITES AND SLAVES. 15. Students. College, Divinity, Medicine, Military Academy, Law, Total. SLAV 1. Contributing Bricklayers, Carpenters, Painters, Plaisterers, Wharf builders, * Total. 2. Contributing Barbers, Boot makers, Mantua-makers, Seamstresses, Shoe makers. Tailors, Washer-women, Total. 3. Contributing to Bakers, Butchers, Confectioners, Cooks, Fishermen, Fruiterers, Gardeners, Huxters, Market-sellers, Pastry Cooks, Cigar makers, Total. 4. Contributing to Cabinet makers, Tinners, Upholsterers, | 5. Contributing to Health. 56[Monthly nurses, 2F 0 9 Sextons, 1 29 —--- 61! Total. 2F 1 11 j 6. Contributing to Literature. ---|Book binders, 3 166 Printers, 5 ES. Total. 8 to Building. j 7. Contributing to Locomotion. 68 (Coachmen, 15 HOlCoach makers, 3 Draymen, 67 Saddlers, 2 to Clothing. 4F 20F 16 10 Total. 87 213 8. Contributing to 'Navigation. iBoatmen, 7 jSailors, 43 4! Ship Carpenters, 51 4| — 0 Total. 101 0 33F 0 57F 46 Food. 39 6 4 9. Unclassified Mechanics. Black-smiths. ' 40 Brass-founders, 1 Coopers, 61 Mechanics, 45 Total. 147 10. Unclasstfied Residue of Blacks. Apprentics, 8F 43 11F 3jHouse servants, 3,384F 1,888 15 (Laborers, 378F 838 IF Oi Porters, 35 3 [Stevedores. 2 11F 0| ---- --- 6F Oi Total. 3,770F 2,806 IF 0j 5:11. Superannuated and Disabled. — ---1 54 Females 38 30F 75 J FREE COLORED. j 1. Contributing to Building. Furniture. Bricklayers, 10 81 Carpenters, 27 3 [Painters, 4 1 .Ship-carpenters, 6 Total. 121 Total. 47 OCCUPATIONS. 35 FREE COLORED. 2. Contributing to Clothing, Barbers, Boot makers, Dry good dealers, Laundresses, 45 F Mantua-makers, 128F Milliners, Seamstresses, 68F Shoe-makers, Tailors, 6F Upholsterers, Total. 247F 3. Contributing to Food. Bakers, Butchers, Confectioners, 2F Cooks, Fruiterers, 1K Fishermen, Hotel-keepers, IF House-keepers, 4F Huxters, Market-dealers, ] F Pastrycooks, 16F Cigar makers, Tavern-keepers, Total. • 8. Contributing to Navigation. 14ISeamen. 3! lj 9. Unclassified Mechanics. OjBlack-smiths, OjCoopers, TCopper-smiths, 1 0 Mechanics. 2 14! _ 42i Total. 9 1 — 10. Unclassified Residue of Free 82: Colored. Apprentices, House servants 1 Janitors, 4! Laborers, 2| Millers. l6|Porters, llStevedores, 14 Store keepers, liWood factors. 0 4 Total. 1: 0: 1 ii 7F 28 F 2F 28F 361 4. Contributing to Furniture, j Tinners. lj 5. Contributing Nurses, Sextons, Total. to Health. 10F 0 4 14 9 1 19 1 5 1 5 3 37F 58 11. Superannuated. 4 Females. 10F 4 6. Contributing to Locomotion. Coachmen, i Draymen, 1] Livery-stable-keepers, 3 Saddlers, « 1 Wheel-wrights, 1 Total. 20 7. Contributing to Machinery. Mill-wrights, 5 36 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. LEGAL VOTERS OF THE POPULATION. The requisitions necessary to entitle an individual in the City of Charleston to exercise the right of suffrage, are that he should be a citizen of the United States, have lived in the State two years previous to the elec- tion, and in the City six months, or be possessed of a town lot at least six months before the time of voting; absence from the City, provided the individual goes with the intent of returning, does not debar him the privilege of voting. The age requisite for exercising the right of suffrage is twenty-one. The number of white inhabitants in the City of this age and over, ac- cording to the enumeration but recently completed, were 8,235, of which number 4,127 were males and 4,108 females. In elections appertaining to the City, it is likewise requisite that each voter should have re- gistered his name and residence in the office of the City Treasurer one month prior to the election. The City Council, not long since, caused these names to be en- tered alphabetically into four volumes—one for each Ward—as books of reference for the managers of elec- tions in cases of difficulty occurring at the polls as regards the right of any individual to vote. This system of regis- tration commences from 1823, and from the volumes just referred to, we find that in a period of seven years, from 1823 to 1830, that there were 2,766 names regis- tered, and from 1830 to 1848 inclusive, a period of eighteen years, there were 4,268, giving for total names registered in twenty-five years 7,034, an average of 281 annually. From the ascertained number of leg^l voters by the recent Census, and the recorded votes for Mayor and Representatives in 1848 we have compiled the table, page 38, showing the per cent, that the legal voters LEGAL VOTERS. 37 bear to the whole white population, and the per cent. of votes given to the number entitled to vote—or to what extent the inhabitants exercise their right of suf- frage. The largest number of votes ever polled in the City prior to 1847 were 2,069 in 1832 or 16.12 per cent, of the population, and 62.58 per cent, of the males over 21 years of age. At the election for Mayor and Aldermen in 1848, the total votes given were 1,814 or 12.78 per cent, of the entire white population, and 66.08 per cent. of votes given, to the legal voters; and in the same year, one month after, at the election for State Senator and Representatives, the total votes polled were 2,374 or 16.73 per cent, of the population, and 86.48 per cent. of votes given, to the legal voters. This increase of 20.48 per cent, in the latter election is in some measure attributable to its taking place in October, by which time all those absent during the Summer on business or pleasure have returned; and likewise to the excite- ment caused by the Presidential election. The table, page 39, exhibits the votes given for Mayor for 19 years, and has been compiled for those who may desire, at some future period, to investigate further this interesting subject. CO Stat ement of the number and proportion per cent and the number . of the Vote in 1832 and j ELECT!OS en in 183-2; Legs s given in the several Wan 1847. OFSTATE SENATOR ANO UElMiESENTA is in 1848, itYes for 1848. ELECTION OE MAYOR, 1848. Votes a;iv and 18-17 Ward 1 2 3 4 Total Legal Voters. Votes given. 1 Voters. Number Votes given In each-100 population. Number 497 499 763 986 2,745 In each 100 population. 21.54 19.35 19.57 18.24 Number 318 316 606 574 In each 100 population. In each 100 legal voters. or Mayor, j | In each 100 population. In each J 00 legal voters. 977l4 ~ 78.55 90.30 85.09 86.4s 1KB. 1847. 1 Number 13.78 12.21 15.54 10.58 63.96 63.32 79.42 53.21 430 351 584 704 407 497 353 ! 499 609 j 763 737 986 21.54 19.35 19.57 18.24 454 392 689 839 2,374 19.67 15,20 ! 17.67 15.52 19.39 1,814 12.08 66.08 2,069 2,10(5 | 2,745 19.39 ] 16.73 w z 02 a 02 o O > 02 H O 2! STATEMENT OF VOTES FOR MAYOR. o "<* 00 es CO "3< CO a H - Oi CO "■2 z < c; CJ u o 8 j > • QO '& rjn w cT OO = (A 5 tT ,- „»• *• T—1 zl G? •" . . . . . 3 >» . . . . O J) ■y. a cT 2 c a a a j-T-a" cSSg-gg'ST: .. •* Tn rt 2 ° ° ° es ce 2 S 5 .2 .2 .2 .2 .2 2 £ 2 - crj .-" — H'S c : ~ ^.-g — .-a .-a. .-a a a « CO £ CU„-QOOOOi^JoC>2--'OOOOOU.-• •0000C>'20 . .OOOO-0^ 00 1—1 2O«HHinr"HO00bf5^Mii^05«C0 *h i> h © ^ » o^a o m o h h a i—1 i—I r-Tr-T i-h" i-T r-T 8 CO fa. "* s> " ^0 o o o CO CO m -H?S? - J? £? o* &o i=C-2 -2 ,2 £ b a a ° a a _cT r?.s~ ° ~ ?" a c c ^ *-■ — '-1 13 13 13 ■bb^fi J2 f f f a _S J> J -s -S .2 .2 .2 .2 -o -S "o •*«. V . © £ ^ ^ ^J^^jjj^^csJhW CO hffiaBHHcJBaffiK^^^^h s co P •fca .£ SlMNHHiOr-r-©(BO!CO'*C,5'*TtiMSK5 c2 tc OiNCOC^OiCOCOCMi—IIOCOCON'-HCOCDOOOOCO $i a> o»o«'*t'b'j,inTtiioioaon(D'*o(o o > i-H i—1 (M r-t i—1 i-H i—1 i—1 i—1 i—l i—1 < 00000000000000000000000000000000000000 40 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. PUBLIC CHARITIES. In endeavoring to make some estimate of the amounts which have been and are expended in this community for benevolent purposes, it is not pretended to convey the idea that anything like the sums really devoted to these purposes by the benevolent and chari- table have been accurately ascertained. A large amount is annually contributed by churches and indi- viduals for temporary aid to one or other of the chari- table, moral or religious associations, of which sums no record can be kept; they serve the purpose for which they were intended and are forgotten, save by those who have received the benefit. The daily calls thus made upon the community are promptly responded to, and could the aggregate of the amounts so expended be ascertained, it would equal, if not exceed, the sums which are ostensibly known. The sums annually devoted to benevolent purposes is large, if it be considered that it is contributed by a white population of only 14,187 persons, and is destined solely for the relief only of the whites and free colored, whose number only reaches 15,679. The slave popu- lation requires no relief from public charities; in old age and decrepitude they become a charge upon the master, by whom it is borne with alacrity and cheer- fulness- Neither is it believed that the following list contains the names or charities of all the benevolent or moral associations that exist in the community. There are many smaller societies connected with the various churches, the names and objects of which are only known to the benevolent founders and tne recipients of their charity, which each expend annually one to three hundred dollars in the relief of poverty and sickness. The names of some of the larger and more wealthy PUBLIC CHARITIES. 41 societies have also been omitted from the inability to obtain the accurate knowledge that was desirable. In almost all instances applications to the officers of the several societies for information as to the amount of their annual charities have been met with prompt and cheerful acquiescence, in no case has information been refused, in a few only has it been promised, but with- held, perhaps, chiefly from the want of time on the part of the officers to overlook their books. The following table exhibits the name and date of foundation of the charitable associations, with the amount of their annual charities. Amount annually ex- Name of Society. Date of Charter. pended in charity. South-Carolina Society, 1736 $8,305 St. Andrews' Society, about Fellowship Society, German Friendly Society, about St. George's Society, Society for the relief of the Widows and Orphans of the Clergy of the Protes- tant Episcopal Church of South-Carolina, Mechanics Society, Hebrew Orphan Society, 1801 Ladies' Benevolent Society, Methodist Female Friendly Society, I. O. O. F., of South-Ca- rolina, (four Lodges in Charleston) average an- nual charities for 7 years, New England Society. Besides these, there are other charitable associa- tions which do not give money to their beneficiaries,. 6 2,000 2,790 1,500 300 3,500 900 1,300 800 238 2,889 01 200 42 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. but who relieve their necessities in other and equally substantial ways, such as the distribution of food, fuel, clothing, supplying nurses during sickness, &c. &c. There is also another class of societies who have but a small stated income, and who expend no specified an- nual sum in charities, but which give succor and relief to distressed seamen, provide for them, when in port, a home free from the temptations and debaucheries of Sailor's boarding houses, and also procure for them the services of a regular pastor. Of the annual expendi- tures of these two classes of societies no estimate can be formed. Their annual income is limited, and when in need of funds in aid of their charitable purposes, they are assisted by donations from individuals and col- lections from the various churches. In some of the larger and more wealthy associations specified above, the annual charities are small in pro- portion to their income and their funds, in consequence of the small number of persons who come within the scope of their charities, of this number is the New England Society. An effort was also made to ascertain the sums which had been given by private individuals for religious, charitable or educational purposes. The following ta- ble exhibits these amounts, so far as they could be as- certained : Purpose. Name of Donor. Amount. Charleston College—to found a Professorship—late Elias Horry, $10,000 contributed by citizens, 20,000 South Carolina Society—to increase its Funds—Gabriel Mani- gault,.........22,222 22 Hibernian Society,—for relief of distressed Emigrants—Judge Burke>........." 10,000 Medical Society of South Carolina—to establish a Hospital__ Thomas Roper. Estimated......40 qoo City Council—to establish a Dispensary—Alexander Shirras. Estimated. ...... . 15;000 PUBLIC CHARITIES. 43 Purpose. Name of Donor. Amount. City Council—to establish a Foundling Hospital—Miss Aiken. Estimated. - -......5,000 Orphan House—to establish a fund for its support, 61,809 OR Charleston Port Society—to support a Minister for Seamen- John Hoff, - . -......10,000 Society for relief of Widows and Orphans of Protestant Episco- pal Church in South Carolina—for the relief and support of distressed, disabled, and superannuate Ministers of the P. E. Church in South Carolina—Francis Withers, 20,000 South Carolina Society—donationsto 1845, from various sources. 19,298 41 Of the above donations, those which are marked " estimated" were gifts of real estate, the value of which has been calculated by the amount of interest which it produces. Of the public charities of the" city, the most noble and beneficent is the Orphan House. Under the Act of the Legislature of 1783 incorporating the City of Charleston, the care of providing for the poor and educating and maintaining poor orphan children was devolved upon the City Council. In 1790 the City Council passed an Ordinance for the " establishment ol an Orphan House in Charleston, for the purpose of supporting and educating poor orphan children, and those of poor, distressed and disabled parents who were unable to support and maintain them." Under this Ordinance the corner store of the present edifice was laid by John Huger, Esq., Intendant of Charleston, on the 12th November, 1792, and the building having been completed, the Commissioners on 18th October, 1794, introduced into the institution 115 children, the objects of the charity. The number of orphan children who have been received into the institution, nurtured and educated, since its origin, have a little exceeded sixteen hundred. The number in it at any time have never been less than 102 children, the greatest number 175; the latter was too many for comfortable accom- modation. The female children and boys under seven 41 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. years of age occupy one wing of the building—the larger boys the other. The officers consist of a Stew- ard, Matron, School-master, School-mistress, Sewing- mistress, and five female nurses. No adult male resides within the walls of the institution but the Steward. The institution is governed by a Board of Commission- ers, annually elected by Council, who meet weekly and regulate its affairs, superintend the conduct of the officers and admit children. The Commissioners ap- point a board of Ladies, Commissioners, who aid them in superintending the domestic economy of the house, attend to the management of the female departments, the clothing of the children, washing, mending, and such various duties as pertain most to female superintend- ance. The ladies meet weekly, and enter in a book their recommendations to the Board of Commissioners, and inform them of the domestic wants of the institution. There is a male school on the premises, out of the walls, but within the enclosure of the house, and a female school within the walls. In both, the ordinary branches of English education are taught; the boys are also employed in keeping the premises clean, grinding corn, &c, and the girls are taught sewing, washing, &c. If a boy exhibits talents, combined with high character, which attract the notice of his teachers, and of the Commissioners, he is sent to the High School of Charleston for preparatory College education either in Columbia or Charleston. The liberality of the City Council has provided for his education at the High School and Charleston College—the State of South Carolina at the Columbia College. There is a Sunday School in the institution, managed and attended to by a superintendent and male and female teachers from various churches in the city; also an infant Sunday school. The health of the children is remarkable, PUBLIC CHARITIES. 45 ■ arising partly from locality, food, cleanliness, regular habits, confinement within the large enclosure, where exercise can be freely taken, and partly from prompt, experienced and skilful medical supervision. The average mortality for a series of years would not exceed 1.50 per cent., which is extraordinary, when it is con- sidered that the children are taken from the poorest classes of society and predisposed to disease from pre- vious scanty, unwholesome food, defect of attention, poverty, distress, &c. The boys are apprenticed out to trades or mercantile pursuits, in the city or country, at about the age of 14 years, and are bound until 21 years of age. The girls are apprenticed to female oc- cupations, or as assistants in families, until the age of 18 years, when free by law. Most of the latter turn out well; marry gnd settle down quietly as respectable mothers of families. The instances to the contrary are few. Many boys from the institution have been an honor and ornament to it. Several have attained high rank in the Navy, at the Bar, in the Legislature, in the Pulpit, in the Medical profession, and as Classical In- structors. Within the walls of the inclosure a Chapel has been erected, in which services are performed on every Sabbath, in the morning by one of the Commis- sioners in rotation, in the afternoon by the Ministers of one or other of the various Churches. An effort also has been made to ascertain the amounts devoted to religious purposes annually in the commu- nity, but it was found impracticable to obtain such in- formation as could give an accurate idea of, or even an approximation to the sum expended for this purpose, and the purpose was reluctantly abandoned. .46 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. PAUPERISM. Pauperism is the inevitable accompaniment of cities; in extent and degree it varies much in different places. There are two classes of persons in this city who re- ceive the benefits of public charity. 1. Those who are admitted into the Poor House, and are there sup- ported. 2. Those who receive daily stipulated quan- tities of food distributed from the house, but who live at their own homes. The first are denominated pau- pers, the second out-door pensioners. In addition to these two classes of paupers, there is attached to the Poor House, and in the same building, a Hospital into which are received all such sick persons as may apply for admission; and within the same inclosure, in a separate building, is a lunatic department, for the use and benefit of the pauper lunatics of the city. The management of the whole pauper system is committed to the charge of twelve citizens, appointed annually by the City Council, and called Commissioners of the Poor. The board, thus constituted, has charge of all that pertains to the government of the Pauper, Hospi- tal and Lunatic departments. They also regulate the admissions into the house, the number of out-door pen- sioners, and the quantity of food distributed among them. In addition to these charitable purposes the institution is used, in a measure, as a house of correction for the lighter classes of offences decided every morn- ing in the Mayor's Court, such as drunkenness, riotous and disorderly conduct, &c. &c. From these several purposes to which the institution is applied, the number of persons admitted annually into the house far exceed the number of those who apply for admission from poverty or inability to obtain the means of subsistence. The records of the house, however, do not distinguish PAUPERISM. 47 the different classes of admissions, they have, therefore, necessarily been placed under one and the same head. The tables which follow have been compiled from the records of the house, and contain as many facts as could be obtained. In the following table will be found the number of persons received into the house for 18 years, including those admitted as paupers, as sick, as lunatics, and for punishment.: Years (UMBER OF PERSONS. HOW DISPO SED OF. In the 1 Discharged house. Admitted Born. Total or Eloped. 392 Indented. Died. 38 Remaining. 112 1831) 112 441) " 552 1831 105 349 u 454 275 i. 25 105 1832 107 350 1 458 347 a 25 107 1833 114 346 a 460 294 2 29 114 1834 127 341 o 470 282 3 52 127 1335 103 371 1 475 299 4 32 103 1836 84 373 a 457 307 a 76 84 1837 88 340 a 428 345 3 40 88 1838 115 357 1 473 230 2 101 115 1839 Total. 112 595 " 707 501 1 72 112 1,067 3882 5 4,934 3 302 490 1,067 Av'age. 106 386 493 330 49 106 184D 91 501 " 592 456 2 55 91 1841 94 426 1 521 423 a 23 94 1842 102 322 a 424 295 a 12 102 1843 104 351 2 457 302 a 30 104 1844 95 428 u 523 398 a 24 95 1845 110 314 u 424 315 1 24 110 1846 96 354 2 452 315 « 22 96 1847 114 352 4 470 343 4 19 114 1848 Total. 88 410 1 499 354 u 23 88 894 3 459 10 4 382 3 201 7 232 894 Wage. 99 384 1.1 486 356 25 99 The largest number of persons in the house at any one time amounted to 162, in 1827; the smallest num- ber was 75, in 1841. In the ten years, 1830-39, the largest number of admissions into the house were in 1839—the smallest number was in 1837. The mean number in the house in the series of years were very nearly equal; and the mean number admitted, in the two 48 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. series, was very nearly the same—the difference being only seven. The greatest difference in the two series of years is in the average number of deaths, being within one of being twice as large in the first series as in the second. The following table exhibits the number of persons admitted in the house during nineteen years—from 1830 to 1848; the number of persons who received relief as out-door pensioners ; the number who received relief as transient poor; and the number of paupers, permanent residents of the city. Out-door Admissions into Transient Permanent Year. Pensioners. 254 Poor House. 440 Total. 694 Poor. 347 Poor. 347 Total. ~i83~nT 694 1S31 236 349 585 291 294 585 1832 275 350 625 295 330 625 1833 255 346 601 284 317 601 1834 178 341 519 284 235 519 1835 198 371 569 301 268 569 1836 187 373 580 314 246 560 1837 162 348 502 296 206 502 1838 122 357 479 329 150 479 1839 130 595 725 535 190 725 1840 124 501 625 443 182 625 1841 162 426 588 378 210 588 1842 161 322 483 281 202 583 1843 182 351 533 303 230 533 1844 138 428 566 366 200 566 1845 141 314 455 280 175 455 1846 139 354 1 493 304 189 493 1847 155 352 507 294 213 507 1848 153 410 563 T0,672~ 347 ~67272~ 216 563 Totals. 3,352 7,320 4,400 10,672 SEXES. Year. Males. Females. Totals. 1830 418 276 694 1831 345 240 585 1832 383 242 625 1833 363 238 601 1834 322 197 519 1835 317 252 569 1836 312 248 560 1837 262 240 502 1838 243 236 479 1839 -118 307 725 PAUPERISM. 49 SEXES—Continued. Year. Males. Females. Totals. 1840 331 294 625 1841 304 284 588 1842 246 237 483 1843 326 207 533 1844 365 201 566 1845 262 193 455 1846 251 242 493 1847 267 240 507 1848 304 259 563 Totals. 6,039 4,633 10,672 The next table exhibits the places of birth of the paupers who received admission into the house, and of those who received out-door relief. It will be seen from this table, that of the former, the largest number were born out of Charleston; of the latter, the largest number were natives. PAUPERISM. Year. HORN IN UNITED STATES. BORN OUT OF THE U. STATES. Unknown. Total admitted into In Charles- Out of Charles- ton. ton. In Ireland. In other places. Poor House. 1830 93 147 83 117 440 1831 53 114 71 106 349 1832 55 v 112 83 100 350 1833 62 109 56 119 346 1834 57 112 56 116 341 1835 70 142 52 107 371 1836 59 143 72 98 1 373 1837 44 113 78 105 340 1838 28 116 93 120 357 1839 60 186 187 162 595 1840 58 164 148 131 501 1841 48 91 165 122 426 1842 41 94 91 96 322 1843 48 96 105 102 351 1844 62 101 126 139 428 1845 34 61 108 110 1 314 1846 50 109 106 89 354 1847 58 103 li5 75 1 352 1848 Total 63 TT048~ 107 16' 74 2 5 410 2,220 1,959 2,088 7,320 7 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. OUT-DOOR PENSIONERS. Year. BORN IN UNITED STATES. BORN OUT OF THE U. STATES. Unknown. Total Relieved. In Charles- Out of Charles- ton. 132 ton. In Ireland. In other places. —---- 1830 69 21 32 254 1831 127 67 16 26 236 1832 139 88 19 29 275 1833 126 73 21 35 255 1834 73 74 12 19 178 1835 80 85 16 17 198 1836 87 79 7 14 187 1837 75 59 7 21 162 1838 80 31 4 7 122 1839 64 30 8 28 130 1840 55 44 10 15 124 1841 74 59 10 19 162 1842 79 47 16 19 161 1843 93 33 20 36 182 1844 84 27 13 14 138 1845 84 18 22 15 2 141 1846 74 25 25 15 139 1847 76 27 33 19 155 1848 81 26 34 12 2~ 153 Total 1.683 961 314 392~ 3,352 Cost or Pauperism.—According to the pauper system established in this State, an annual amount is contributed by the State towards the support of the transient poor of the city. The sum thus contributed is based upon a report made annually to the Legislature by the Commissioners of the Poor, of the number of persons receiving relief during the preceding year. The following table exhibits the total amount expended by the city for the support and relief of the Poor during six series of five years each, and also the amount con- tributed by the State during the same periods. The last series of five years present the income derived from the labor of the inmates during that period. It is to be regretted that the same information cannot be obtained for the preceding years—as the records of the house do not furnish this item. PAUPERISM. 51 Income from i Years. Cost of Pauperism. labor. it Paid by State. 59,000 Net expense to City. 1819 to 1823 100,707 34 41,707 34 1824 to 1828 72,279 67 a 48,000 24,279 67 1829 to 1833 46,417 50 " 22,500 23,917 50 1834 to 1838 50,948 95 M 22,500 28,448 95 1839 to 1843 50,489 17 U 22,500 27,989 17 1844 to 1848 38,789 37 4,890 03 22,500 11.399 34 In the first period of five years, in the foregoing table, it will be seen that pauperism within the limits of the City of Charleston, cost the State and City, combined, the large sum of 100,707 34 ; whilst in the last five the cost was only 38,789 37; a diminution in the expense of pauperism, in a period of thirty years, of 61,917 97. The difference in the number of paupers now and for the first period, viz: from 1819 to 1824, varies but lit- tle, and cannot account for this vast difference in the expense of maintenance; it must be attributed, there- fore, mainly to the zeal and economy with which the different boards of Commissioners have administered the affairs of the Institution. In the last five years the sum of 4,890 03 is given as the income from labor; if to this were added the value of the stone cracked, and from which the City draws the benefit in macadamizing the streets, (which valuation, however, is difficult to fix) it would be found that the net annual expense to the City for the support of the poor is very trifling, not exceeding the sum of one thousand dollars- It has been stated above that no proper record has been kept of the annual admissions of Lunatics into the house. We are therefore only able to give the present numbers in the Lunatic department, and from the dif- ferent wards in the City from which they have been sent. WARDS. WH1I Insane. Idiotic. 1 3 0 2 0 0 3 1 1 4 17 0 Deaf and Dumb. SLAVES AND FREE COLORED. Insane. ~~0~~ 0 2 0 Idiotic. ~~0~~ 0 0 0 Deaf and Dumb. 52 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. CRIME. The Courts which take cognizance of crimes and misdemeanors in the City of Charleston are the Courts of General Sessions. The City Court, the Magistrates Court, and the Police or Mayor's Court. The Court of General Sessions have jurisdiction extending over the entire Judicial District of Charles- ton, and embraces the City within these limits. In this Court all manner of crimes and misdemeanors can be tried, except the trial of free negroes and slaves. The City Court has jurisdiction only within the cor- porate limits of the City, and can only try offences against the City Ordinances, and all misdemeanors occurring within the City, such as assault, battery, grand and petit larcenies, &c; the trial is always by jury. The Magistrates Court has jurisdiction over the crimes and misdemeanors committed by free negroes and slaves, and extends to life. This Court, is regula- ted by Statute of the State, and has jurisdiction through- out the Parishes of St. Philips and St. Michaels, em- bracing within these limits the City of Charleston. The only class of persons who can be criminally tried before this Court is that of persons of color, and the trial is by a jury of free-holders. The Police or Mayor's Court is held daily by the Mayor for the trial of riotous and disorderly persons assaulting the peace of the City. This Court has the power to inflict corporal punishment, by whipping, on persons of color, for disturbing the peace of the City; and as an ex-officio Magistrate, the Mayor has power to apprehend and commit to jaol, by warrant, white persons committing crimes and misdemeanors within the city. CRIME. 53 The District jaol is the common place for confining white persons guilty of offences, both for the City and District, and no separate record is kept discriminating between the two. Persons of color, under sentence of death, are also usually confined in this jaol. The City Work House is the place of confinement, generally, for slaves who have committed misdemea- nors, or who are detained for trial, and who are lodged for punishment. No accurate records distinguish the offences committed within the City from those commit- ted without the corporate limits. The City Guard House is used for the confinement of white persons disturbing the peace of the City, and of persons of color who may be found in the streets after the ringing of the last bell without written per- mission ; and all persons so confined are tried at the Mayor's Court on the morning after their commitment. The jurisdictions of the Court of General Sessions and City Court being concurrent for certain classes of offences, and the records of the jaol not discriminating between persons committed for offences in the City and without its limit, render it impossible for us to pre- pare any statistical information in regard to crime which would be satisfactory or could be relied upon. EDUCATION OF THE POPULATION. In 1811 the Legislature of the State passed an Act authorizing the immediate establishment of Free schools throughout the State; allowing to each district as many schools as Representatives sent to the Gene- 54 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. ral Assembly. The allowance for each school was fixed at three hundred dollars, making an annual ap- propriation of $37,000, which, at 5 per cent., would be the interest on a capital of $740,000; this appears to be a liberal allowance, but it is entirely inadequate to carry out the object desired, particularly in those dis- tricts which cover a large extent of ground, and are thinly populated. The number of Representatives from Charleston District being seventeen the sum of 5,100 is annually received to defray the expenses of five Free Schools, four of which are located in the City and one on the Neck. These schools are conducted by five teachers, three males and two females; the former receiving a salary of 1,200 each, and the latter 750 each. From this salary the teachers are required to furnish a school room, and often, owing to the poverty of the scholars, they are compelled to furnish books, no allowance being made by the State for this purpose, so that after all expenses are deducted the teacher receives but a tri- fling sum for the arduous duties of instructing from 80 to 100 pupils. The whole Free School system is under the direc- tion of a Board of Commissioners appointed by the Legislature every three years for each election district. The Commissioners have the power of appointing Trustees to assist in the discharge of their duties—the services of both being gratuitous. They likewise have the following powers: 1. To fix the localities of schools. 2. To divide the election districts into divi- sions, assigning to each division one Commissioner with the delegated power of the Board and three Trus- tees. 3. To appoint school-masters, after having ex- amined applicants, and to remove them if found to be unworthy the trust. 4. To decide on the admission of EDUCATION. 55 scholars, 5. To arrange the system of instruction. 6. To unite the Free School fund, appropriated to their several Boards, with the funds of private schools for the purpose of instructing as many poor scholars as it will pay for. 7. To draw on the State Treasury for the sum due in favor of each teacher, naming him, the num- ber of his school, division, and time of service. 8. To superintend, generally, the management of the schools in their respective districts. 9. On the fourth Monday in October, to make a regular return to the Legislature or to such person as the Legislature may appoint, of the number of months each school has been kept open; of the number of scholars attending each ; and of the sums drawn on account of each school. There are likewise penalties attached for the neglect of a Commissioner in the performance of any of the above duties; but as long as their is no head to super- intend the general movement of the whole system, we fear that but little benefit will accrue to the State from the present Free School system. The following is the last report of the Commission- ers for Charleston, and simply specifies the number of scholars, not even distinguishing between the males and females: Scholars. Money expended. School No. 1. 132 1200 " 2 82 1200 " 4 80 750 " 5 100 750 Total. 394 3900 The average time that these scholars remain at school is five years ; and the average cost of each, per annum, about $10. They are instructed in orthogra- phy, reading, writing, grammar and arithmetic. 56 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. The High School of Charleston was founded by an Ordinance of the City Council in the year 1839, with a view of placing within the reach of every citizen, in connection with the College of Charleston, the means of giving his sons a complete liberal education, with- out the necessity of sending them away from under the parental eye and guardianship, and the wholesome and restraining influence of home, kindred and friends, during the most critical periods of their lives. The Ordinance ratifying the institution was ratified in May and the school went into operation on the first of July following : and in order to place the institution " on a firm and lasting foundation" the public faith of the City is pledged to pay annually, for one hundred years, the sum of one thousand dollars towards forming " a per- manent and accumulating fund" for its benefit. The income arising from this fund, together with that derived from tuition, is to be expended for the improvement and enlargement of the school. The care and super- vision of the school is lodged in a Board of Supervi- sors, consisting of the Mayor and four Aldermen of the City, (ex officio) and six Trustees of the College, who elect the Teachers and perform the other duties ordinarily assigned to such a Board, subject to the con- trol and approval of the Council. The course of study in this institution is extensive : embracing the English, French, and Classical Langua- ges, together with Mathematics and the Natural Sciences. It is divided into two departments—the Classical and the English—into either of which boys can enter at the option of their parents. According to the regulations adopted by the Board of Supervisors, boys are admitted as soon as they " can spell correctly, read fluently, and are acquainted with the four fundamental rules of Arithmetic." Scholars EDUCATION. 57 usually enter at ten years of age, but some as early as eight or nine, and continue six or seven years, accord- ing as they go through a greater or less part of the course. The building is located on the south side of Society street, and was erected in 1842, at an expense of 16,000 dollars. It is three stories high, the lower story form- ing a Chapel. The business of the institution is con- ducted by a Principal, who has entire control of the studies and discipline of the school, and by three assis- tants. The expense of tuition is fixed at $10 per quar- ter. The average number of pupils in the school since its commencement has been between 130 and 150, and the whole number that have entered is very near eight hundred. The Charleston College was chartered in 1791, with all the powers usually granted to Colleges. But for many years it existed rather as an Academy or Gram- mar School than a College. About the year 1824 it was revised as a Collegiate Institution, with a Grammar School attached, and continued so until the year 1837, when it was re-organized by an arrangement between the Trustees and the City Council, whereby a surren- der of all the property of the College was made to the City Council, in trust, for the purpose of re-establish- ing and maintaining the Institution upon a more im- proved plan. The Council is chargeable with the ex- penses of the College in case of the inadequacy of tuition fees and other income of the College, and acquiring the right of appointing Trustees, and also of being represented in the Board by members of their own body. The arrangement, so made, was confirmed by an Act of the Legislature, and the College has since continued to flourish, and now gives every promise of complete success. 8 58 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Two new Professorships have lately been established: one of Belles Letters, which is supported by the liberal subscription of the citizens of Charleston and its vici- nity—the other of Natural History, which is maintain- ed by the interest arising from the annual appropriation of one thousand dollars for the formation of a City College fund under the Ordinance of the 6th May, 1839, and which has been accumulating up to the present time. The expense of tuition in this Institution is eighty dollars per annum, and the class of the present year numbers sixty-seven. The only two Libraries of any extent in Charleston are the Charleston Library Society, incorporated in 1754, and the Apprentices' Library Society, instituted in 1824. In the fire which occurred in 1778 the Charleston Library was almost entirely destroyed—it is at present, however, in a flourishing condition and contains upwards of twenty thousand volumes. The Apprentices' Library contains about four thousand volumes—collected principally by donations. During the summer months Lectures are given on various branches of science, by one of its members, every two weeks ; it is in a thriving condition, and well answers the purpose tor which it was instituted. There are three daily papers published in the City, each of which have a large circulation, and are ably conducted. There is likewise a Medical Journal pub- lished bi-monthly—the Southern Review published quarterly. COMMERCIAL STATISTICS 59 COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. Under this head, more appropriately than any other, must the sources of the wealth of the City be arranged. Possessing but few manufacturing establishments, and therefore no intrinsic sources of wealth, it is to her commerce alone,—her exports, her imports,—her re- ceipts and sales of produce from the interior, and the supply afforded in return—that she must depend for an increase of prosperity and wealth. No effort has ever been made hitherto to collect and arrange, in one con- nected series, all the attainable materials which go to make up this source of her prosperity. It has conse- quently been a work of much labor to bring together all the materials for the construction of the following tables. Some of it has been collected from private sources; some from published records and documents; and some from official sources. For the information comprised under this head, em- bracing the subjects of Navigation and Tonnage, Im- ports, Exports, Crops, &c. &c, we are indebted to Mr. John B. DeSaussure, Factor of this City, whose practical knowledge of commercial matters is a suffi- cient guarantee of the accuracy of the tables. These are given as they have been furnished to us, without comment. They are so full as to afford in themselves almost a complete history of the commerce of Charles- ton, upon the subjects embraced in the tables, Arrivals at, and Departures from, the Port of Charleston, S. C, of all Vessels, according to classl for each month in the year, for 21 years ; Vessels coasting within the limits of the State, and Government Vessels excepted ; compiled from the Harbor Master's Records. Arrivals, including all vessels, whether entered at the Custom House or not. o 1828 Jan; Feb. Mar. April May June July Any. Sept. Oet. Nov. Dec. ►5'j oq \ g § H 20 19 7 5 2 27 24 23 20 11 5 10 1G 33 23 35 36 2 Total Il59 168314 104!11 786 Total 235 267 566 128 80 1276 Total 187!214 621 150 67 1239'lTotal '179 226'606 158 95 1264 Departures, including all clearing. essels, whether cleared at the Custom House, or sailed without Wi cr5' o ° s "21 1 g 1 *" 1 1 22 5*1 50 1 S § CD fi ■j. 02! I' 0 1 25 ►5" 5= f • 0 S § ro W 0 ►a 1 g 55 to w 5 0 (A o~ 0 en c 5 t H 0 1828 E" 1829 1 ^ r. 1 1830 v. 1 tf- 1831 1 /• CK 1 Jan. Feb. Mar -- ,Jan. 96" "'35 39 a; 10 118 Jan. 30 39 90 9| 8 176!iJan. 15 92 78 lb / L38 ! Feb. 18 31 29 10 7 95 Feb. 26 24 52 16 10 128 Feb. 19 28 j 70 lb 7 140 Mar. 23 25 41 9 11 109 Mar. 23 30 81 20(12 166 Mar. 16 291 80 20 12 15/ April May 19 w 28 11 8 85 April 13 29 47 17 9 115 April 24 23 70 16,11 144 April 10 201 62 2o « 131 95 99 93 15 7 99 May ; 30 26 39 10 11 116 Mav 20 23 68 11! 7 129 iMav 22 291 66 21 " 146 91 19 9,4 7 5 76 June 1 32 97 25 7 8 99 June 13 21 48 8i 4 94 June 12 Iti | 66 8 12 114 Julv 17 90 17 8 1 63 Julv 10 14 24 3 0 53 July 13 14 47 5 J 1 80 | July 13 18] 49 12 b 91 8 10 39 fi 55 Any. 6 8 34 5 1 54 Aug. 8 8 171 5 38 Aug. VS 7 24 8 3 55 Sept. Oct 6 11 4 74 [Nov. 16 21 49 8 10 104 X()V. 16 8 55 18 2 99 |Nov. lb 14 42 9 10 Dec. 38 27 96 6H0 107 Dec. 99' 24 63 17 7 140 Dec. 25 20 48 16 8 117 66 [1290 Dec. |Total 21 183 19 49 12 163 11 93 112 1304 Total 159 160 208 75Ul 643 Total 217 262 447 103 79 1108 Total 211 230 641 142 228 637 > < > O > o O 2 > Q Ci 62 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Monthly Arrivals—continued. Total. CO(MCC!NiOiO(Ni-1 t-iO -((35 -rcor-> § >-> bio-S^j > o "o Total. GMOKOOIMOOOtO'HTfH CM o Steamboats n OI H H H i-Hi-trt C3 CO Sloops. rtiocococM-^cM^fioair--^ as tP Schooners. HMt-OOCi)0l5)0)«(D(N CO-^t~»OOTfCM-OiOC:0051>iOi—irf CM ^ >-h CM t—i .—i COCOCO CO CM CO 00 oo o Total. r-coco-HTpcooior-cooo C3 CO Steamboats HMHCOOlOOIlrtOJiOOW CO o Sloops. Schooners. «nn^oo5«oiocooioNt" oo ooMtocicootoi'iootqrt COt~COt~0>OCMCMCNCOTtCO CO Brigs. coco^©coTt<^oocMr~cMt~ Tf (M CO (M « (N ih f-i C30TtiCOrtiCMCM' 2 >> fcb"tL*s > 6 i ftti S-3 P j) o O «i 64 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON ^ ,3s I Total. Steamboats Sloops Schooners. Brigs. Ships. Total. Steamboats Sloops. Schooners. ff. iQ d> "O Ol B3 CI L^ Q « CO pi 3)«COCJ"fCOO)ffiO«HO phcMp-IpHpHp-i rt^CMCM "MCOpHCOCOiOCMpHCO B -ri cs a rt 5 -rt fa % < a ^ 's B q3h « O cj C p^ p-» <3 as O pg; P__Eh_ CO-pPCMCOiOOICOI^COCMpHCM J100fflO!0"OOM'OOH p-Ip-IpHCMpHpHpH phCMCM CMOiO-fCOOO-fMPi CMCOOOCMCOp-iX"OOiOCM "OCOCOCOp-lCOp-ieOCOCM-PjH-pt COOl-fOtOCOt^OCOO-trf pI(1)MMHMpIH(H(0(N Total. Steamboats Sloops. Schooners. Brigs. Ships. P ^ _2 p-i ^ ^ B tTo © ^ 5 Ol3 ^l5 3 ^ B qj o O Cj P^faF-; o s s^ Bhjs 5 13 3 57 o o o P^feSOOOJ>COOiOiOi-1,'ptl Op-pHOOOOOCMOOCOCOp-iOi ff)C1«HHMH pHpH 00 00 Steamboats pHp-ir-p-icO00CMpHCMiO-O-pFCMCM"Pf00 CO 00 Brigs. »O0iC00iC0Olr-pHT)i0i00O 'PfCO-pJ'COCOCOCMCMCMp-iCMlO 0 Ships. COCOCMpHOI>OiOi>Oi-iCOO co co cm eo co cm ph phco CO CM oo CO 00 § ^ es p. c3 B -B 3 o O © CJ 0 Total. CMTfCftHOifMCOfpfffflCO M^t-O'fpHOcocoffiTfO) Oi r- Steamboats CO«Of)l'HOflOHTjtO rtptCS|HrtCllMnH(MM« 00 Sloops. Schooners. piCItFI-COCMCM-hcMCMO CO CO ho»hcoioiooojp(i»o cot~Ciooco^-n,'pj>&C"q.^J > CJ 5 sj « &,« 3-3 B 3To 0 0 'ea-0 Total. t-COTfpHpH(M00CM«OQ0O3Tt, COpHt-»OCOpHOt~iCJCOOCO 00 CO CO Steamboats p-l^H/lOI'OlCOr-lClO'tt' 00 IT- Sloops. ph CO CO O »t CI ph CM CM CO CM Schooners. OOOt-OOOCMOit^CO-pFpHpH 0-pfll>l^>0'^,'<*icOCMCM-^,m CO 10 Brigs. oiOiococooocoiot-t-cooi COCM-^COCMCMCMphpHphCMCM 00 CM CO Ships. cocMOiocopHcooiooocor" CMCM^CMCMCMph phCMCO CO co OiO00 pH "^ t^ TF iO pj1 Hi (^ pji ^i pj< rf CM CO Sloops. phCMCO phph CMphiQCMpH Oi Schooners. cocMOpHiocor-oo->*cM»oir-xiococo'pj,rt"pHPHCM'pJ,'Hj'ir- 00 Brigs. t-OCHOCCN-PO)fflTfCMCM COCOCOCMCMCMCM ph © Sloops. hMhCDtJ CM-* CM >0 oo CM Schooners. iraoiooTticoooocoococoOi OOr-THTfCOCOCMTPCMCMOurj p* co Brigs. Ships. COCOCMCOCMCOOOOiOipHCMlO COCMphCMCMCMpHpHpHOOCOCO CO Oi CM ot-TfcocococococOpHeot-T CMCMph ph CMTjlrt co CM 00 bS _ ■£ © 33 33 jj 5 o rt O*^ SB 5 J7o O 9) -^fa^Olr-Oi lri»o»0•pt,pHp^^coeoco•H/•pJ^■^, co Sloops. CO rf xrj CM —i phphOOCM © CO Schooners. ONrtCOOOMOWMrtlM C-t-t-OOCOCOCOCMCOCOt- Pt1 CO Brigs. oit-coocM-HHcoir-r- ©cmco COCMCOCMCMpHpHpHphCOCMCM 00 oo CM Ships. © oo IH C-©©lr-pHCOl>»0©©OiOi CM CM CM CO CM ph phCMCMCM PH CM 5©_2 p-tf SB 3 g*« © © 4faSo»>Offi»0©c->o-HioHtpf OeUUUIILIft. Jc-COCOCOO^CMpHCMCMCOCO Brigs. Ships. -rcMcoOi-pfcMOpHiCt-pHoo •B CM CO CM CM CM ph HCT tJI CM I ■-,'a -f : rt s -b 00 I B >- o CB = -C-BC^^ > * CO CO ph ph ph CM CM p-i ©Tfir-t^»opH'OCicooooo© p}^ p^ OCOpH©00Oi©CMp* OCM©COOOt~CMp*OiTfCMCM p*Tt,Orff-pJi»oi^ {Sloops. I^o^^^ rt co-h CO CO ■ ^r skp* '"^ '-M *«^' ^—' w ^^ J' k*j - 2 p, c« « 3 BC _ 3 • g^ <-•£ >>r >.tta,« > 6 - O " B-, rt B 3 3 cj CJ © CO ■^fa~opj,co«cfimilOiOHT|iO*^ CMCMphCMCMphpHpHphE-CM TICOCMCMi-iphCMphCMCMCMCM ShiDS L-COCMP*COOCOCOCBC01r-CM CM -T CM CO ph ph p, ph CO CO CM Total. Steamboats Sloops. Schooners. Brigs. Ships r-»3 l-grtU^lp^^gH CJ © - Op

OiC5TfcOCMpHCMCOiOCO p?cooacoM^p)i^cocort COCMOICMCMCOpHphCMCMCOCM CMiOCM0000COiCJcOCO©CM-H 1C5CMCMCMCM-H -iMrJOJ 3JS ^ >■>§ ■ >~t -Tb-i 3 3 B © © c © ; fa ^ © cm o co oo co t- ©COCOCDCDCOCOCOCOCOCOkO Sloops. I1 H Jl M H fl PH CM PH jSchooners. j[2 j? ^ g £J Z$ ?? CM CO CO CM CO i© Brigs. 1^ Zl JS ^ "^ c0 ~r ° ~j » a .|>si p ©- 3 %v£ %<£ 3 =1 = cT O f© =J O 'Total. ipHCOpH©TtCOCiOiCiB<00CC OioopHoo^ocopH©oocii©cB ^.-t *.'* Wrf -J' v^^ u^ ^p 4LJ 1^ l^J ^J (J^j jiOioioxjiOpficjpjipfTjiirjco »o i Sloops. ph CM CM p* S jSchooners. i^SSgS^^SSpSg^S Brigs. Ships. Kc^pfooofflp^oicocoo© CICMCOC^OphCMpHphCMCMCM jioci^©coiocooo©oooo"* CO (N M Tf CO IM h H CN CO CO p*~> B -+^ C" S-. C3 _ cfi CJ 2 F"^p , b .p° 3* £ 'g ^b^^Ph-S > 6 5 ^j J2 p-iJS 3 'a 3 cj « © cj ^w^r-pHor-cMCOcou-ji~ lOpHTrcO-^CMCMCOCMCOu-JTl* •<* cocoooopfpHt^p-iOiiocooi COphCMCICMphphCMphCMCMCM CM Ships. OOOCMOOOiCOCDt^OiOOOi CMCOeOCMpHpHpHpHCMCM'«*pH © CM CO Steam Ships OOOCOCOCOCOCDOiOOCO oo co 1848 -: _d ^ "C >-. 2 >i si'S.+j > cj 5 © =: a* Stjs 3To © cj 4 fa g ©1pH©CMCOph coococococococococococo 1-1© Sloops. phCOCMCMphCI pH^CICMph oo Schooners. CMCM©COpHrJ© © Oi Steamboats Sloops. ©coooiooocooocoTfpfi©r^ coioiocococococococococo co CI CI CM CO a Schooners. ©©-pfoo-Hcor-i-pcocMco© C-COiOiO»©Tt s ±r> ** "£,-■-: ^- c; J?faS©coco SteamShips CO ph CO CM ph COpJOCOt-t^OOTfiCOOOOipH o-p|OC0 COCOCOCOCMCMpHpHpHCMCOCO pHCOCOCOTt">©00»©t^0000t- I 00 00 rt © l2 p^uS 3 3 3 0) O O 41 _pp \g fa jg OiO>Oi§ ^ 52 co% e 1} S S? rC j; 3 ^ •3 ■■n Oi©OiOiL^^©00 00ClOiCMPHCOCMPtCO pHphCMCMCM pHCIpH pHpH pHCMpHp-CMCM B-OOCOOiCMCOOp*COI^CMClOCiCO©CM£COOCO C5COCOr^Oit~00COi©COiOC0C1C0Pt»O'TCMCMCO»O OOpHi-HirirrOpHt^C-'pHOOCOpHClOiCO-t'COOOci-p)'" WTfcoitt"iicD'Ot'©>oio>o©'Ocooor-iocooo pH©r~i©COOOOit-OiCOi©CO>©OOCMpHCMCOCOtpO ■©OCOt-C~t-r- S100DS. i^C»l>CMr'COT}-rJiC-t-CM>OCOC0CD>OTHpH>Q .jcoiocoi00oioio>©rpoot'coo»0i©>o>©>o>©pt Brigs. Ships. OipHt-C1t-'i,pHCOlO©00COt~pHCO©CMCO CMOOt^pHCMlppftpOCOCMCOiOOOinptHvOTH lfJ p-i,^rrtPHPHC"icM»o"-jo»oocor-r» r- © »o co Sloops Schooners. Brigs. Ships. <* co H CO CO *o ph co co oo CM © Oi I© CO CO o o I© CM r~ Oi "© 1© oo Oi co oo co oo i© L"- 00 © pf 00 T* c- co pf 00 co r- I© 1© co co »© ph 00 t- i© >© >o CO CI irj >© ■«* r- I© 1© Tt< 00 r- CO CD ph CM OJ i© O CO p* C) pH CO pf o ph CM © © CM CM CO CO Oi i© 1© © CO CO CM CI CM co r- ph CO CO p* © 00 CO 00 CO CM E- Oi CO pf 00 t- CO CO ph h d CM © CM 00 CO CM CM PH CM PH 00 CO CO CM CM CM lO PH CO pf CM CM CO rr Oi CM © >© co CM CM CO CM Oi ococ- COJMCM CM ph Oi Oi Oi i© CM CM CO Oi ph r~ COiQl- CM COC0»©plOco PHp^pHpHp-iCMcMO»©i©Oi©C01r"t-t-tp pH©l~-iOCOOOOilr-Oi •foocooioocoiot- Schooners. Brisrs. ^£5St5E:'-s'3;"001^'+oooi~oi©pHcoo©co ©CMpHOOOL'^-pHCOCMCICMCOCMCMp-'phCIpH ph OOPfOiCOCO"Oi©COCO©pH© GOph-HpTCM—i-hcOpHpHCOCO CM 1Q © 0 |Q >0j0_0 Q t- 0Q t~ © pf CO t- © CO O CO >© P+ © r- CO c- p* pf t- CO CO t~ Pf 03 p* p* CO Ships COph00C1©CO001--CO00C1v© Oi»©CMClt^©CMOipHiOOii© __ '-' ph pp p< CM CM |-^..CM_CM_CM_Cj C1»C©phCC»©phCMCpCOCOCO oiiOpiot-oooior-H/Hipf SteamShips; oo Oi © ph cqco^ioffl^Mffioww^'m CMCMCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOMCoSp?pHp*pH-Hp2ph2 NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE. 73 < Sloops. Schooners. Brigs. CMpHCOCOCO pHCOCItfJpHrHpHCMrH CM CM CO i»©cop)©oir~pi© Ships. CMCOCOCOp*CO00pHOiCOCOpHpH©000000»O»O I Steamboats Sloops. 00 F-H 1C1 rH PH pH ph PI1QH/COCO 8 'cf ■3 Schooners. |rJ,7!SJ;gJ:S^2l5E;i2S5* |CM»©CO»©t~COCOi©pt,Opf'pHOOOOC-l^pHOit~Oit- Brifls. Ships. |00©pHCMCOpHpH00rpOi00pHPH00Cp©CMCMCOpHCO |pJrfcomo)t-H(pHr-©©fficooio©i'-'©>©CO©i©-Pl'CO©i-HPHCOOiOi NiOiCiiOTfcOpfHiirjOI-iOCDrJiiOCOr'r-'OOOiO |00OT©rH(MCOrt,»OCOt^00Oi©pHCMCO,pt> o pH K CM *S , ^ l- CO 05 1 * •p-'S -> © L° Co ptl-C ■a ^11 oc* *. Cm° § S «^ §PJ| - „ o p o — v. CO w p*- ©l^Cj^I^COOiO>OirHCOClrHUC5COCOCO phcMCMCI phcm phph phCMphphCMCM COpHCOl'p-tti©pHCMtpCOr-CM00OiBlt~COpHpHCO00 CMCOCOpfOOC^OiCOOCOPt'COCMCOPCr'Hl'COCOCMCO'H/ C»l^iOCXDuuCOpH©OiPHCO>OCM>©pHCOr-Oi>©CMOi c^pt©oiocorpOicocot--r-- pHOicoco-t03Coooorp'Cooo-pj<©03©co>©cooic. pJ,l''©©OOPJl>CJt"rtt-lOCO©>OJ©>©'©corpc~t^i> CO01Oi©pf©iJOCMCO00C.pf0000Oi©pHlr- ©COCMpHlC5CMC000>©©l©OiP*CO>©COt-l© CS|t)i(OtOiOiOiC;iQiOM»t"CDiOOiOOin CM ph iC5 CM © CM i© i© pf T)pHCMCOCMpHpHrppt©cM>©pH©rpocococi©pHOiooOi COl^-|>COCOOJCMOiOitpOi00Oi00CM©C.CO rtpHr-lrHrHrHCMrHpHpH.-IPHrHpHCMCMCMCM CO J© 1- Pf ©1 rH CM CM CM i© ph ITS Hf CM pf CM CM CM pHOiCOCOPt,OiCOCO0000COOiCOpHOi©COCOCOOi(M p*t-CDOi©©pt|i©tppHt^»©COCMCMOiCOt->©l©C0 rHpHrHpHPHCMCM>©>©>©>©OC01r-t-t-t' 00 I- © p* c. pJ © CM co co ph CM ph t- ph Oi CM h CO Pf' CO 00 Tf PH Oi t- CO CO l© J© >© l© >© pH PH CO CO CO © t- 00 00 r- Oi CO Pf CO i© t- CM CM CM CO pf Oi t- JO i© J© i© ICJ'fCO CO CM pf i© >© pf © 00 CO ph CO CO 00 CO CM 00 © CO © CM CM CM CM CO CO CO CO J© PH Pf CO © CO CO "Pf CO Oi t- JO pH ph CM ph CO © ph CM © CO ph 00 CM >© t- J© CO CM ph CM CM CM CM CM ■* ©00 CO l© CO CM CM CM 00 t- Oi 1- ©L?i p* i©" pf CO CM CM © Oi © CM CM © 00 t- CO_CO_OCOOipH pjof3co PPPHr-lrHpHCMCMJ©J©'OJ©JOCOt-lr-t-tP >© co Oi © >o oo r- cm r- 00 Oi ph CO F- CO jo co J© J© Oh-» rH © PH J©J© JO PH CO *f CM J© J© PH Pf r~ ph co oo i> j© j© pf 00 CO t-J© pf -f CO Oi J© pf pf © pf co oo ■pf P* © CM Oi CO CO CO rf pf CO t- Oi CM J© CM CM ph JO © CO £- 00 CM ph ph CO © © © CI c. j© co r- © co r- CM ph ph cooi©pHCMcop^j©i>oooi©rHCMcopfJOcor-oo CMC.C0COC0COCOCOCOCOCOCOpfp*p*pfpfpfp) PH a H Ships. O»OrHC0ClpHCMC0pH-Hft-C000C0CD-f©CMJ0JOpH -go rHrH rHCMCOC. COpHpHpHCMCOCMCICMCMpHpHCI ojp p £ CJ Schooners. Brigs! - ■ ■ ■ - . ■ .....- £ £ _ ph rH rH rH .. g< cS° PH o cojooiPHCoj©cocopHOiJ©j©JOJOt-copHJOoocoj© ox: pHCMpHphCMpHCMpHCM CMpHpH rH E ~ «^ fipj Ships. j©ocotpoocMifpHCO©j©pHCOcMcoj©t^pHOOcorp flS pHCOpHpHC^COCOCOCOpfpfCOCO-PfCOpfCOPfCOCMpH >>g ■a-s o o B 'rt rt CJ o Brigs. ©c»oiOir^ciooj©©OiOiJ©OicocMOOpfdicot-oo .g "j COCMCO^f-PfCOC^PHpH rHrH rH O^ p a; O-fi Ships. CT^Oit^CBCOCM-fpH00pfCOCMpHJ©CO©rppfOi00Oi £ .2 CO00©00©OiOiOi0000pH©pH0000CMCMCMt-t~© a~ SteamShips J5 fi "Hi ! 00Ol©pHCMCO-fJ©COI^00C^©pHCMCOpfJ©CCt--00 #4_ C1CMCOCOCOCOC0COCOCOC0COPfpfpH"-f-^<'TPfpfTt< OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOGOOOOOOOOO 76 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. National Flags of all Foreign Vessels, (Government Vessels excepted,) arriving at the Port of Charleston, S. C, in 21 years; from the 1st January to 31st December in each year. Compiled from the Harbour Master's Records. 03 Ships. pH pti o a a Schooners. Brigs. rH rH PH , CO, , , , , i , (Mhhimh , , rH rH Ships. • •••••■••'■■•■ *~'...... 2 Jo "5 B Schooners. , , , | , | | | | | r~1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Brigs. ,,,,,,.....—' , , G, , r-^ , , , —, Ships. , , | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 """' 1 r~l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 fl .2 Brigs. CI ph rH rH CI | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II Ships. PH CM rH CM rH PH | | I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | fi .2 § < Brigs. ■ 1 C I I I 1 ' ' llfllllll " ' III Ships. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II CD c oi Q Schooners. rPPHpH ,rH ,CMpHpHpH , , , H IfJ 1Q Tf H , rH Brigs. , CO , ,COpHt^>OCOpHpHCM-^,JO'^lCMCOJ© Ships. , , ,CMCMpHpH , , jPHCMi-ipHphCOCMphcO CD IS CD ■i CO Schooners. .............~ ■ . - ■ . ■ ■ Brigs. i i irt ,pHCMpHpHpfJOCMJOpHpHCOCOCMCOCOI> Ships. l i i , rH CM , CO CO CM CM CO ,COrHPft- , CO CO CO c CD 2 CD a Schooners. i i i i i""1! , r—' , crq est , , , ,1-hphph, ( Brigs. ,rHCMrHCMpHC1J©ClPfJOpHpHCOCDCOrH , H K) H Ships. ,CMrHrHCMCMCMrHrHrH 1pHCOCOCMrfOOCOpHPf© 3 p ce s Schooners. ' ^ 1 ' ■ ' ' ■ ' 1 1 ■ 1 1 ■.....1 Brigs. ph , , , ,......., , , CM , pi , , , Ships. -,,,-.. ^ ^ rH..........C. J3 3 c CO Steamboats ,,,,,,, -H , rH , rHCMrH ,,,«,,, Schooners. ph CO Oi © Oi © pf 1CMpHpHCOBHB,PHCMpfCMPCt,rfpf CM PH rH Brigs. .pfOiCiCOCOCOCOCOfCD .pcfCM , , hM OO "' CMCOCOCMphph '■ phCM Ships. 1 1 1 .'-'l©'. MrH, , , , f ( , H ,HPj -3 o fi £ Schooners. lHr,rtl 1 lH ..... 1 , lrt I I , , Brigs. COCOrfCM^^t-OOCOCMpfCOCOCOCMCMCOCMCMpfJ© Ships. r-oocs©pfr-r-oicopfoi£H©o©»©oipjiootH ffl Sloops. , 1COCO,phJOpHpH--}IpH.....f , CM *© CO Schooners. . CMCMJ©©t--*cOpHOiJOCO-pft-cOJ©OiOiJO©JO rH Hrt rt CM rH Brigs. pfpHC0CO©pHrHCMCO©pH00COCOt-tPCMpfOiP*t^ pHCMCMCOJOCOpfCMCMCOCM ph CM CM CM CM ph Ships. Steam Ships ©pHoooojOpHoocMcipH©i©pH©Jooooooeocojo CMCOCMCOJOCOH*pfjOpf-rfpf-f-rfrfJ©COJOpii I ph i i i i i i i i i 03 s r-O CJ m Brigs. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rCT 1 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 1 C & ' fi c 03 ■. rs C3 8 o 1 c . p2 60 Brigs. llllllhllll 1 T) p 0-° Schooners. Brigs. 1,111111^11 ......., c 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 pH 1 1 r* r-l f f f f f r-i p o CD x> A Brigs. 1 1 1 111i~ 1 1 1 1 l~ 1 1 1 1 1 1 O s * fi So Brigs. | , , | | ph , | | | | | 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 CD 2 h a fi CD 4 I O 3 u I a — a, > *s ? o 3 Schooners. ■ t 1 1 1 1 ■ * * * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 '" Brigs. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 *""' * *~ ^ 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 Ships. ........... 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 ^ la Ships. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 |- 1 1 1 is Ih 0 S5 Brigs. 1 ' ' '.....■"■' 1 1 , , , ph CM (M C 5 ph cc s 1 Ships. 1 | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ph 1 cc 0 c 0 0 c o©r~cocooooj©i~ CO00OiOiCNC»coOiPHOiCOpfJO©O^00O>GipfCMCO00pHO3pHCO© co c-^-rf cq r~ o i ^. ^ M„ ® ^ 'i IL ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ ® ^ °„ *!. 1 f". 1 "1; COCO~FrJOCOTf©pHCMCO~CMOrpfCOCOC»'P*Tf pHOJOTfJocoj©j©t->>OJOTfJOJOJO»oco»ocojocoaorpt-">ot-co Oi©cOJOJO00O3t~OiOi pfcocoJOco©r-Oicooi CMCMrHCMCOCOrHrHCMrH r-r-HfoooicorHcopfco copfooi—iOicMr^Oi©>© H-fJ©PPfr^PHrH©CO©JO CMCMCMCMCO~CO~Co"©rcoCM Ot^rHCMOOJOCOOOCOJ© pfioicjMSHonooio CMCMCMCMCMCOCOCMCMCM PfI>COCOCMrHCO00t-P* OiJOCMOiCOt^COOOCMOi rHrHi-HrHCMCMrHrHCMrH PHrHOOOOCMJOOOHfPfOi t-j©oo-pf©©pHcococo piOi©CMJ©0OCMOiCOCO CO©00COpH00©t-©pHpfcM000000COCOpf©CM COO"f(MCDHHCftCDH|H-iAmTlliAiftp, *p\ CPH ~ ~ ~ p. p- n' w u, p X3 Q CO IM h CO n ©copHjojotpjococMJOcoJOCMCorpp: ph iH\ ph m m rp. ph i~r\ ph pp. pi i~r\ .h p-. p. p COOTCNtDHHgjUJHrPoraPitjojHKj^CTitjm__ pf CO^J©COCM^h*OOI^©0^©^©0^©^CO^CO^COO^CX^©©C] 00 CO CI © ~ -fcor-coo6"j©ocopHoTcMcfco©cM"cii^i^co"joc^ £ pHCMrHrHrHCMCMCMCMCMCOCOCOCOCOCOCMCMCMCMCOPCfpfCOCMCOCO pf©ooi-icocMooco©ir- £ O30000©rHJOOil>©rH B, JOCOt^OiCOt^COOiCMJO icj r-co jq tp co -h ph COCOCO©tP00COOi©-rf cooiOit-oiPHCMCMr-oo CMJOCOPfCOCOOOpfCOpH ©JOJOCOCOJOpfCOOiOiOrHpHCOCCMCMcMJOtpCOOOpfpfCOpcf-tcr ©C»Tft^COCOJ©OiO!^OiCOJOCOJOCOpfCM03JOPfCM©C003t-.CO co q T^OOMTf© rHCOCO M©^X^C^t^(SOkWO©1^ph © CO CO © Oi pH -c rH©c^oTcco6"j©r^©p*or^o6"cM~pcfcoi^cocoorcMof COCOCOIMCOCOCMCMOCMrHrHrHCMCMCMCOCMCOCMCOCOCM'^eOeOCMB COt^COrHcMCOOOCM 'f > CO f !• CO O CD rHPHrHrHrHrHCMrH OCO ClCMCMCMCM(MClCMCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOp#pfpfpfpBp*H* COOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO r- oo ■pf Tf oo oo X/l © CO -H „ „ _ ^ ^ 01 g-p— -----_____„„-_r,.,. I 3- * - - ~ * - . . 3 - 3 . . s 3 a • 3 3 3 3 3 s s 3 2 poCDt-cCcj^©pH(MC0pfJ0C0lr^000i©r-i(Mcy5pHjocorp^ NNCTMCNNCTcgCTComcocococomcococo^H,^^^^^ cxsccoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooocooooocooooooooo * rHrHrHrHr_(r_|l_lrHl_) a en en NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE. 79 pf00>O-rfpHOiCM00-PfC0 oor-pH©co©cooiOiOi CMCMCOCOCOCOCMrHrHrH O3CMC0©pHOiJOPf©pH ©JO©pHt-Tfpfai03JO p^COC^OO^COOi^l^COCOt^ copcfco"copfcopfcococo rHCO©rHCOJOrH©OTrHCXt~CMOiOOJOt-JOJOJO©rHtH'©COi-lCD ©OtHO©JCJ>Opi©I»CNlHHit-00©iHiOJOCCOO©(MOO©NO m l^i^o^co^coH^pHop^oq^pf t-^j©oo phjooo t,,tli:5.H.r"or,.(0 ociTtLc ~" cm" ^ oT cb" <©" cf co ocf r^cf t-^cf jo pf 06" c-Too co co~ a t^lC^CO00©00Oi00©00©OiO3pHOiCMt-OiOi fi PH rH rH rH rH S COOOOiPfcfcO^CO^Ci COt-C-t-00O3t-O3 r1 *p* ^u "-j wj w* "-» w^ '•'«' **-h _i CO-PfCOCOCOCOPCfCMCOCO OiC»pH00pHCOCOJOJ©CO00JOCOCOCOCOt--1OCO00rHCOCMOiCMCM & cocoi>oopcf©c^t>©pfcoi>cj^r^co>ococMCOrH^03CMrHt--03JOpH CM <© 00 © 00 CO JO -rj-^-* o 00 "^f -pf rf c© CM J© CO ^ ^ O ph OT Oi^ J© t--_ J© fi jOnpFoo^i^oop^JOHpfoorrHtHroM^ofco^o^JOoo"^ J? pHCMrHi-HrHCMCMCMCMCMnCfCOPfC0C0C0C0COCMCMC0pfHrFCOCM-*f",tf~ H-fJOCOCOOiCOJOt-CM "<■> 00©©CMJOCM00pHpf B ©00©©CMJOCM00 tPCM'rJII^OirHCM»0©t- .A OiCOCMi-iCMJOCOCMrH COCMOiCOt-OTfJOpHt- .„ COJ©-Pf©OiPHt~JOOirH -" pHCOCOOt^rHH-^OrHPHS ©fco"cMCMCMCMCo"cMCMCM p*lr-CM©©H*JOtH-p*CDCOOitH'COCMO^pHCX3©OiCM©rH00-pfOiHpf J* «co©c^cNu5u3Mcoc^©©Ti©©**© rfrtpf CO r;>0"^(»^ aD^rZtfc£(nt^&eiCD£?<£ cooooboooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo « ©H f- CO © 3 72, £ o © O C^ CO CO S HNcopfJCJco^co©OrtlSM^1QCD^c»aort2MTJlO©t•o c»c»ooc»coc»c»oo6occoc5oooooooooooooqooooooooo^ © Q3 3 - j>1 3 S "p" 2 80 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Number and Class of Vessels engaged in Regular Lines as packet and passenger Lines, and as freight Lines between Charleston and the following Ports : © EL c» Havana and ) West Indies \ Boston, New-York, Philadelphia, Providence, Baltimore, Wilmington, Savannah, New-Orleans. ©X j to to i-h ■sdiqg urea^s o > on w O < H w w H f as £ £ •sdiqs CO 00 I-- to 00 •sanbaua to PH to h to oo co oo •sSug to Oi p- •qo}8}I to Oi CO ©x tp- •SJ9UOOIJ0S 00 *h lf- •stBoqureajg oo PH pH tO M -I>p-P>.O3t0CO00O3p>- •rmoi 4^ 00 tO -J H © CO H © GO Ox •sdiqg TUB9}g O Z 55 r* 5" p to IP ©X to IpH •sdiqg to p-oo to CO Oi ^ m .4 >j -J CO Oi 00 -3 Oi 00 M ■sonbjBa -1° .J-1 03 >-• CO © Ux © © ©X © CO CO CO © © © to © -1 'sSuq ■qo?8H 00 CO to CO ©3 "*>■ CO >t-Ox © Ox ox 4i. © © © © to •SJBUOOqOg to Oi © oo ©Cn -j co o oo ^*~ ■S}B0qUIB8}g to CO 00 ©X oo -i-1-l-1-i-1 ^S^-,J-Ii° Oi © Ox Oi Co"cO ©~CO~bo tOMWO*.C3 " 1814 21,597 11,474 33,071 1 « 1815 24,501 12,668 37,169 1816 23,881 13,733 37,614 1817 24,391 1818 14,585 1819 15,591 1820 15,177 1821 16,249 1822 12,843 1823 12,276 1824 12,177 1825 10,712 1826 12,067 1827 12,695 1828 12,871 1829 7,842 1830 7,044 1831 5,803 1832 5,837 9,723 15,560 1833 6,038 8,021 14,059 1834 6,200 9,781 15,981 1835 9,260 8,221 17,481 1836 8,413 15,224 23,637 | 1837 11,849 17,835 29,684 11 82 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Tonnage of South-Carolina—continued. I Enrolled and Li- 1 Registered. censed. Total. 1st Oct. 1838 to 30th Sept. 1839 17,295 16,019 33,314 " 1839 " " 1840 17,444 16,222 33,666 « 1840 " " 1841 12,954 11,440 24,394 u 184x « " 1842 13,650 9,819 23,469 " 1842 " 30th June 1843 11,162 10,415 21,577 1st July 1843 " " " 1844 10,013 11,135 21,148 " 1844 " " 1845 8,394 11,221 19,615 " 1845 " " 1846 8,516 11,420 19,936 " 1846 " " 1847 13,732 13,287 27,019 • " 1847 " " 1848 14,992 13,667 28,659 The tables from 1789 to 1816, inclusive, have been taken from " Seybert's Statistical Annals of the United States." From 1817 to 1831, inclusive, have been taken from " Hazard's United States Commercial and Statistical Register." From 1832 to 1848, are from Official Documents. REGULATIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT RE- SPECTING NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE. The information relative to this subject being mostly confined to the Commercial community, we give for general information the following sketch of those regu- lations without entering into details : The Sea Coast of the United States is divided by the Government into four Great Districts, viz : 1st. Extends from the extreme North-eastern point of Maine to the Amelia Islands at the mouth of the St. Mary's river in Georgia, inclusive. 2nd. Extends from the Amelia Islands to Mobile Bay, exclusive of the City of Mobile. NAVIGATION AND TONNAGE. §3 3rd. Extends from Mobile Bay to the Rio Grande. 4th. Comprehends the entire Pacific coast of the United States, which was formed into a District at the last Session of Congress. All vessels to be under the protection of the United States flag must be owned by citizens of the United States, and be commanded by a citizen thereof and must be entered upon the records of the Col- lector of the Port where the vessel is owned, when they are entitled to such papers of nationality and pro- tection as the owners desire. These papers are of three classes, viz : Registered Tonnage.—To obtain which the ves- sel must be over 20 tons, and may then engage in the Foreign trade of the United States. Upon arriving at any port in the United States, from a Foreign voyage, the Captain must render to the Collector of the Port a manifest specifying the description and quantity of merchandise on board; but a vessel under 30 tons can- not bring into the United States any dutiable merchan- dise. If a vessel of Registered Tonnage sails from one port in the United States to another port in the United States, although both ports may lie within the limits of one of the Great Districts, such vessel must clear at the Custom House of the one port, and render to the Col- lector of the other a manifest specifying the descrip- tion and quantity of the cargo on board. If a vessel, having Registered papers, afterwards de- sires to engage in the Coasting trade of the United States, the Registered papers must be given up, and an Enrollment or License taken out. The Registered papers of a vessel are of force so long as the owners remain the same, and no extensive change is made to the hull, or in the style of the rig- 84 CENSUS OP CHARLESTON. ging; but upon changes in either of these respects new papers must be taken out. Enrolled Tonnage.—To obtain which the vessel must be over 20 tons, and may then engage in the Coasting trade of the United States, and in the Fishe- ries ; but cannot, under these papers, engage in the Foreign trade of the United States. This class may trade between any of the ports lying within the limits of one of the Great Districts without clearing or entering at the Custom House of either port, or rendering any account of the cargo, except in certain cases hereafter specified; but if sailing from a port within one of the Great Districts to a port within any of the other Great Districts, the vessel must clear at the one port, and render to the Collector of the other a manifest specifying the description and quantity of the cargo on board. To engage in the Foreign trade of the United States, the papers of Enrollment must be given up, and a Re- gister taken out. Papers of Enrollment are of force until a change of owner, or extensive change in the hull or style of rig- ging, as in the case of Register's Tonnage. Licensed Tonnage.—To obtain which the vessel must be not less than five, nor more than twenty tons, and may only engage in the Coasting trade of the United States, under similar regulations as to clearing and entering at the Custom House, as are of force for Enrolled Tonnage. Licensed papers must be renewed annually. All vessels of Enrolled and Licensed Tonnage en- gaged in the Coasting trade of the United States, may carry on such trade within the limits of any one of the four Great Districts without clearing or entering, or ren- dering any account of the cargo, provided there js not on board of such vessel, DRY DOCK. §5 Distilled Spirits, in casks, exceeding 500 gal. Wine do do 250 do Wine in bottles do 100 doz. Sugar, in casks or boxes, do 3,000 lbs. Tea, in chests or boxes, do 500 do Coffee, in casks or bags, do 1,000 do Foreign merchandise, in their original packages, ex- ceeding in value $400, or goods, wares and merchan- dise, being articles of Foreign growth or manufacture, whose aggregate value exceeds $800. Vessels under40 tons cannot carry Slaves Coastwise. DRY DOCK. The " Floating Dry Dock," in Charleston, has been pronounced by competent judges, one of whom has been engaged in the construction of similar Docks in New York, to be one of the best Docks of its kind in the United States. It is the " Balance Dock" of J. S. Gilbert's Patent; the plan adopted by Congress for the construc- tion of floating docks for Government use. We have been kindly furnished with the following particulars, at our request, by Mr. James Marsh, the proprietor. The enterprise of the undertaking originated with himself, and was constructed with his own private means; it was built in Charleston by his own mechan- ics, under his own supervision, and was launched and went into operation in February, 1845. The Dock is 160 feet in length, 52 feet in width, and 20 feet in depth; it can accommodate a vessel of 1,500 86 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. tons or over, provided the length of the vessel does not exceed 164 feet; it has docked a vessel of 1,000 tons burden and 164 feet long. In docking, if desirable, it is not necessary for the vessel to unlade her cargo; the Dock has taken up at different periods the Steam Revenue Cutter Legare, and two other Revenue Cutters, with all their arma- ment, &c, just as they arrived from sea, as well as se- veral vessels with their cargoes on board, just from sea. The operations of the Dock are performed by a steam engine of five horse power, the time requisite for taking a vessel up is from two to three hours, de- pending upon the size of the vessel; and the time for floating out is from twenty to thirty minutes. The preferable time for taking up a vessel is at high water, but if requisite, it can be done at low water by removing the Dock into the stream. The following are the rates of Charges for vessels: Forty cents per ton for taking up, with ten cents per ton per day during the time the vessel is in the dock; if the vessel has her cargo on board there is an addi- tional charge of forty cents per ton on the cargo. The best evidence we can give of the value of this enterprise and its beneficial results for the shipping at this port, is in the following list furnished us of the num- ber and class of vessels which have been taken up in this Dock since it went into operation, now about four years since, many of which must necessarily have gone elsewhere to be repaired, with all the consequent loss of time and risk of sailing in an unseaworthy condition, but for the establishment of this Dock at Charleston. Ships and Barques, - 39 Brigs, - - - 42 Steam Revenue Cutter, - 1 Other Revenue Cutters, - 2 DRY DOCK. 87 Schooners, - - 32 Sloops, - - 5 Steam Boats, - - 45 Total. 166 vessels. And we add with pleasure, as an evidence of the workman-like manner with which its operations have been conducted, that no accident has ever occurred to any vessel either in taking up or floating out, nor during the time they were repairing in the Dock, although several vessels have been in the Dock during severe gales. List of Vessels wrecked and totally lost on the Coast of South-Carolina. 183] 1832 1834 1835 1836 1837 October December January October January VESSELS. February March August 18381 1839 1840 1841 1842 March December February December u February March June October December Ibchooner Arabella, " Harvest, 30 Brig Amelia, 2 Ship Pennsylania, Barque General Hand, Br. Barque Ann, Steam Boat Charleston, 6 Schooner Wenee, 12 28 6 " Carolina Brutus 6 " Ann Ancrum, 6 " John Stoney, 19( Steam Boat Cheraw, 5 Ship Martha, 11 Barque Havre, Schooner Martha Pyatt, " Jonathan Lucas, (Barque Meridian, 25,Schooner James Poyass, Br. Barque John Anderson, 12JSloop Martha, ^Schooner Margaret, 22,Sloop Mary, 22 French Ship Graville, (British Barque John, 12.Schooner Peruvian, 26(Brig General Sumter, 28,Schooner Ezra Wheeler, Connecticut, CAPTAIN. Howren, Post, Dickinson Paterson, Siders, Tait, Bonnell, Jones, Kerrison, Peaty, Lehue, Fash, Greaton, Higginson Symmons, Cheever, Perry, Smith, Nye, Lawrence, Kenyon, La Plume, Litchfield, Hobbs, Gandy, Gibbs, No cargo, Dry Goods and Sundries, Dry Goods and Wine, Wine, Porcelain, Fruit, Cotton and Staves, Coal and Sundries, Sundries, 300 Tierces Rice, 4,000 bushels Rough Rice, 270 Tierces Rice, No cargo, 250 bales Cotton, Dry Goods, Hardware, Coal and Bricks, Lime, Hay, Whiskey, 310 Barrels of Rice, Coal, Assorted cargo, 170 Tierces Rice, 3,000 Sacks Salt, Staves and Cedar Timber, 220 Tierces Rice, Sundries for Planters, Ballast, 3,000 Sacks Salt, Ship Timber, Rice and Lumber, Assorted cargo, 4,000 bushels Rough Rice, Salt, WHERE WRECKED. Georgetown Bar. it Folly Island. Cape Romain. South Breakers. In Dock in Charleston, during a storm. Dewees' Breakers. u Folly Breakers. In Dock, in Charleston, during a storm. Bulls' Inlet. Port Royal. South Breakers. Coast. South Breakers. Drunken Dick Shoal. Charleston Bar. South Breakers. Stono Breakers. Drunken Dick Shoal. Folly Island. Charleston Bar. to List of Vessels wrecked—continued. 1843 1844 February March April December January April December 1845 January 1846 February April September l847:Auo-ust 10 Ship Claudius, Rosalind, 3 British Ship China, 13 Brig Margaret Balfour, 18 Schr. Alexander Watson, 1 British Brig Helen, 2 Schooner President, " Saml. Whitehead " Martha, 14' " Elizabeth, 7 Pilot Boat Water Witch, 20| Spanish Barque Jaeobi, Schooner James Hamilton, Scobia, Bray, Phillips, Clark, Miller, Simpson, Young, Philips, Detjens, Allen, Zuazo, Symmons Coflee and Sundries, Ballast, Salt, 1,800 Sacks and 30 Tons Salt, 3,000 bushels Rough Rice, Rail Road Iron, Coal, Bricks, and Sundries, 3,000 bushels Rough Rice, 200 Sacks Salt, 2,200 bushels Rough Rice, 2,024 Boxes Sugar and Sundries, [Turpentine, WHERE WRECKED. Stono Breakers. L. Folly Breakers. South Breakers. St. Helena Bar. Bull's Breakers. Coast. Cedar Island. In Dock, in Charleston, during a storm Drunken Dick Shoal. South Breakers. Santee Bar. This paper has been compiled from a variety of private sources, compared witli the Journals of the day, there being no regular public record of Marine casualties kept in Charleston; there may, therefore, be some trifling inaccuracies, and perhaps omissions, but they cannot be of material consequence. OO <0 90 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. EXPORTS OF COTTON AND RICE, &c. Detailed Tables of Exports of Cotton and Rice from the Port of Charleston, S. C, for 27 years; and of Lumber for 9 years. 1821-2 From 1st October 1821 to 30th September 1822. BALES COTTON. 1 1 RICE. Sea Island. 24,636 Upland. Total. Tierces. Great Britain, 74,707 99,343 14,745 France, 868 14,050 14,918 385 Hamburg, - - 506 506 3,275 All other European Continental Ports, 6 2,543 2,549 6,654 New-York, - - 7,132 7,132 11,030 All other U. S. Ports with the West Indies. - - 5,602 5,602 42,072 Total. 25,510 104,540 130,050 78,161 1822-3 From 1st October 1822 to 30th September 1823. BALES COTTON. |l RICE. Sea Island. Upland. Total. Total Tierces. Great Britain, 25,391 90,162 115,553 15,981 France, 1,356 14,738 16,094 3,714 Hamburg, - - 264 264 4,525 All other European Continental Ports, - - 6,463 6,463 15,191 New-York, 19,079 19,079 12,384 All other U. S. Ports with the West Indies. - - 5,460 5,460 28,603 Total. 26,747 136,166 162,913 80,398 1823-4 From 1st October 1823 to 30th September 1824. BALES COTTON. 1 1 RICE. Rough Rice. Total S.Island Upland. Total. Tierces. 21,677 Bushels. Tierces. Great Britain. 21,713 80,297 102,010 *106,407 26,744 France, 2,919 24,454 27,373 3,434 - 3,434 Hamburg, _ 3 3 625 . 625 All other European Continental Ports, - - 469 469 9,187 _ 9,187 New-York, - - 18,495 18,495 17,273 . 17,273 All other U.S. Ports with West Indies. - - 6,168 6,168 44,907 - - 44,907 Total. 24,632 129,886 154,518 97,103 106,407 102,170 *The first cargo of Rough Rice exported from Charleston was in this year, and was shipped by the late Jonathan Lucas, Esq., in the Ship Cincinnatus, Capt. W. S. Sebor, bound for London The invoice is dated 31st Oct., 1823, and the cargo consisted of 13,292 bushels. For this infori mation we are indebted to the politeness of Mr. Peter J. Burbot. *onnisinior EXPORTS OF COTTDN AND RICE, &c. Detailed Tables—continued. 91 1824-5 From 1st October 1824 to 30th September 1825. BALES COTTON. | | RICE. Sea Island. Upland. Total. Tierces. lough Rice. Bushels. Total Tierces. Great Britain, France, Hamburg, All other European Continental Ports. New-York, All other U. S. Ports with West Indies. 18,036 217 105,587 8,545 321 2,896 18,782 4,943 123,623 8,762 321 2,896 18,782 4.9431 12,883 3,353 2,972 19,606 19,653 30,936 66,853 16,067 3,353 2,972 19,606 19,653 30,936 Total. 18,253 141,074'159,327! 89,403 66,853 92,587 1825-6 From 1st October 1825 to 30th September 1826. BALES COTTON. || RICE. Sea Island. 11,142 1,492 13 12,647 Upland. Total. Tierces. "7^463 5,669 26,143 12,528 37,259 Rough Rice. Bushels. Total Tierces. Great Britain, France, Hamburg, All other European Continental Ports. New-York, All other U. S. Ports with West Indies. 91,148 38,368 12,290 13,424 9,313 102,290 39,860 12,303 13,424 9,313 128,750 13,594 5,669 26,143 12,528 37,259 Total. 164,543 177,190 89,062 128,750 95,193 1826-7 From 1st October 1826 to 30th September 1827. BALES COTTON. II RICE. Sea Island. Upland. Total. 142,054 32,522 10,137 33,235 13,055 Tierces. Rough Rict Bushels. . Total Tierces. 1 18,753 7,928 34,403 11,266 36,193 Great Britain, France, Hamburg, All other European Continental Ports. New-York, All other U. S. Ports with West Indies. 28,615 3,209 4 113,439 29,313 10,133 33,235 13,055 10,65' 7,92< 34,40. 11,26( 36,191 1 170,00r i - -1 - -\ - - Total. 31,828 199,175 231,003 100,44" 1 170,007 108,543 92 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Detailed Tables—continued. 1827-8 From 1st October 18-27 to 30th September 18-28. BALES COTTON. | | RICE. S.Island 18,876 3,874 Uplands. 77,269 19,055 3,194 13,192 12,177 Total. 96,145 22,929 1 3,194 13,192 12,177 Tierces. 8,535 10,851 35,053 15,013 42,179 Rough Rict Bushels. 198,61 Total Tierces. Great Britain, France, Hamburg, All other European Continental Ports, New-York, All other U. S. Ports with West Indies. 7 17,993 10,851 35,053 15,013 42,179 Total. 22,750 124,887 147,637' 111,631 198,617 121,089 For the Tables of the foregoing seven years, from 1821-2 to 1827-8, with the exception of the Rough Rice Exports, we are indebted to the kindness of Mr. George Hervey for the use of a MS in which he made up the Exports regularly, from time to time, for a series of years, for his own private use and information. The per centum on these seven years has not been calculated, as the Coastwise Exports could not be dis- tinguished from the Foreign, under the head of " All other United States Ports and the West Indies;" al- though it will perceived that in the recapitulation table, page 101, it has been assumed that the Cotton under that head went Coastwise, and the Rice Foreign. 182Q-9 From 1st October 182sTto 30th September 1829. BALES COTTON. I 1 RICE. I 1 PER CENTUM. S.Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Bushels. Total. Tierces. Prop'n in 100 bales Cutton 64.83 15.82 Prop'n in 100 Tierc's Rice. 12.88 7.43 Great Britain, France, North of Eu- 19,709 3,330 119,054 30,517 138,763 33,847 5,410 9,955 248,724 17,254 9,955 rope, South of Eu- 8 10,849 10,857, 40,270 - - 40,270 5.07 30.07 rope, West Indies, Coastwise, City Con-sumption, - - 1,111 29,450 1,111 29,450 1,395 23,590 31,567 9,900 - - 1,395 23,590 31,567 9,900 .52 13.76 100. 1.04 17.62 23.57 7.39 100. Total. 23,047 190,981 214,028 122,087 248,724 133,931 EXPORTS OF COTTON AND RICE, &c 93 D etailed Tables—continued. 1829-30 Fi om 1st October 1829 to 30th September 1830. BALES COTTON. | RICE. || PER CENTUM. S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. 8,069 8,816 37,589 1,513 22,275 26,298 2,760 9,970 R. Rice. Bushels. Total. Tierces. Prop'n in 100 bales Cotton 64.37 17.25 5.03 .34 13.01 100. Prop'n in 100 Tierc's Rice. Great Britain, France, N. of Europe, S. of Europe, West Indies, Coastwise, ~) N.ofCharl'ton > S.ofCharl'ton ) City Con-sumption. 14,286 2,158 92 1,172 120,534 33,961 10,433 708 26,084 134,820 36,119 10,525 708 27,256 209,428! 171,834 16,252 8,816 37,589 1,513 22,275 26,298 2,760 9,970 12.95 7.03 29.96 1.20 17.75 20.96 2.20 7.95 100.' Total. 17,708 191,720 171,290 117,834 125,473 1830-1 From 1st October 1830 to 30th September 1W31. BALES COTTON. || RICE. | | ,PER CENTUM. S.Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. 14,024 7,785 15,694 24,673 26,311 3,895 9,014 R. Rice. Bushels. Total. Tierces. Pro.in 100 bis Exp'd. Cotton Prop'n in 100 Tierc's Rice. Great Britain, France, N. of Europe, S. of Europe, West Indies, Coastwise, ~i N.ofCharl'ton > S.ofCharl'ton ) City Con-sumption, Burnt, 17,796 801 1,666 54 133,476 10,587 2,362 1,702 36,817 37 1,436 151,272 11,388 2,362 1,702 38,483 91 1,436 196,881 23,399 7,785 15,694 24,673 26,311 3,895 9,014 73.68 5.55 1.15 .83 18.75 .04 21.12 7.03 14.17 22.27 23.75 3.52 8.14 Total. 20,317 186,417 206,734 101,396 196,881 110,771 100. 1 100. 1831-2 From 1st October 1831 to 30th September 1832. BALES COTTON. II RICE. || PER c ;ntum. S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. Bushels. | Tierces.- Prop"n in 100 bales Cotton Prop'n in 100 Tierc's Rice. Great Britain, France, N. of Europe, S. of Europe, West Indies, Coastwise, } N.ofCharl'ton > S.ofCharl'ton ) City Con-sumption. 14,094 2,847 1,302 124,589 33,054 6,559 1,485 35,346 138,683 35,901 6,559 1,485 36,648 - - 11,701 9,293 19,300 117 26,607 33,825 4,387 9,042 240,792 27,372 268,164 23,167 9,293 20,603 117 26,607 33,825 4,387 9,042 63.25 16.37 2.99 .68 16.71 100. 18.24 7.31 16.22 .09 20.94 26.63 3.45 7.12 Total. 18,243 201,033 219,276 114,272 127,041 100. 94 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Detailed Tables—continued. 1832-3 From 1st October 1832 to 30th September 1833. BALES COTTON. II | | PER CENTUM. Great Britain, France, N. of Europe, S. of Europe, West Indies, Coastwise, City Con- sumption. Total. S Island 18,082 3,703 1,102 22,889 Uplands 99,419 34,090 9,447 210 117,501 37,795 9,447 210 Tierces. 14,986 11,859 23,237 R. Rice. Bushels. Total. Tierces. 32,925 176,091 34,027 198,980 25,358 47,254 7,104 129,798 218,534i 25,393 11,859 96,668 27,840 Prop'n in 100 bales Cotton Prop'n in 100 Tierc's Rice, 25,358 47,254 7,104 315,202 144.806 59.05 17.54 18.99 4.75 .11 17.10 100. 8.19 19.22 17.51 32.63 4.91 100. 1833-4 From 1st October 1833 to 30th September 1834. BALES COTTON. | | PER CENTUM, Great Britain France, N. of Europe, 3. of Europe West Indies, Coastwise, ~i X.ofCharl'ton > S.ofCharl'ton 3 City Con- sumption Total. S Island 12,181 4,968 1,539 Uplands. i Total. 130,076 42,235 23,111 2,537 40,924 142,257 47,203 23,111 2,537 42,463 18,688 238,883 257,571 Tierces. R. Rice. I Bushels. 2,587)305,497 8,291 33,515 314 21,008 25,041 6,058 6,340 103,154 58,296 13,719 377,512 Total. Tierces. 17,134 8,291 36,291 314 21,008 25,694 6,058 6,340 121,130 Prop'n in 100 bales Cotton 55.23 18.33 8.97 .98 16.49 100. Prop'n in 10U Tierc's Rice. 14.15 6.85 29.96 .26 17.34 21.21 5.00 5.23 100. 1834-5 From 1st October 1834 to 30th September 1835. BALES COTTON. || PER CENTUM. Great Britain, France, N. of Europe, S. of Europe, West Indies, Coastwise, } XofCharl'ton > S.ofCharl'ton ) City Con- sumption. Total. S Island 12,990 2,190 932 Uplands. Total. 95,635 27,748 15,068 7,198 42,358 108,625 29,938 15,068 7,198 Tierces. 43,290 16,112|188,007l204,119 2921 5,7571 28,197 2,205 23,949 33.095 7,665 6,200 107,361 R. Rice. Bushels. 270,877 46,707 10 41,788 359,382 Total. Tierces. 13,192 5,7571 30,421 2,205 23,949^ 35,085 7,665 6,200 124,475 | Prop'n in 100 bales Cotton 53.22 14.67 7.38 3.52 21.21 Prop'n in 100 Tierc's Rice. 10.60 4.62 24.44 1.77 19.24 28.19 6.16 4.98 100. 100 EXPORTS OF COTTON AND RICE, &c. 95 Detailed Tables—continued. 1835-6 From 1st October 1835 to 30th September 1836. BALES COTTON. || RICE. | | PER CENTUM. Prop'n Prop'n S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. in 100 bales in 100 Tierc's Bushels. Tierces. Cotton 46.08 Rice. 9.34 Great Britain, 11,096 101,295 112,391 171 257,372 12,427 France, 4,035 52,869 56,904 10,061 - 10,061 23.33 7.56 N. of Europe, - - 21,083 21,083 27,068 99,380 31,800 8.65 23.89 S. of Europe, - - 5,114 5,114 196 - 196 2.10 .15 West Indies, 24,523 . 24,523 . . 18.42 Coastwise, ~1 i NofCharl'ton > 729 47,669 48,398 36,303 29,407 37,703 19.84 28.33 S.ofCharl'ton } 10,135 900 10,178 . . 7.65 City Con- sumption. .... 6,200 - 6,200 100. 4.66 100. Total. 15,860|228,030 243,890 114,657 387,059 133,088 Note—Exports from Georgetown, same time, Bales Cotton. Bbls. Rice. Rough Rice, bush. 14,139 about 250 32,928 1836-7 From 1st October 1836 to 30th September 1837. BALES COTTON. || RICE. II PER CENTUM. Prop'n Prop'n S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Bushels. Total. Tierces. in 100 bales Cotton 53.83 in 10ti Tierc's Rice. Great Britain, 10,067 97,410 107,477 164 336,384 16,182 13.37 France, 2,085 43,386 45,471 8,680 - 8,680 22.78 7.17 N. of Europe, - - 12,022 12,022 15,934 176,424 24,335 6.02 20.11 S. of Europe, - - 822 822 109 - 109 .41 .09 West Indies, . 463 463 24,497 . 24,497 .23 20.24 Coastwise, } NofCharl'ton \ 269 33,138 33,407 30,944 22,999 32,039 16.73 26.48 S.ofCharl'ton J 8,766 - 8,766 1 - - 7.25 City Con- sumption, - - - - 6,400 - 6,400 - - 5.29 Burnt, - - 430 430 100. 100. Total. 12,421 187,671 200,092 95,494 535,807 121,008 Note—Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 8,670 ; Bbls. Rice, about 250; Rough Rice, 16,610. 1837-8 From 1st October 1837 to 30th September 1838. BALES COTTON. 1 1 RICE. | 1 PER CENTUM. Prop'n Prop'ri S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. in 100 bales in 101 Tierc's I Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. 11.67 Great Britain, 14,598 143,614 158,212 1,083 195,165 10,377 52.09 France, 2,114 53,571 55,685 4,112 - 4,112 18.33 4.62 N. of Europe, - - 28,853 28,853 8,238 141,277 14,965 9.50 16.82 S. of Europe, - - 1,137 1,137 50 - 50 .37 .06 West Indies, - - 2,580 2,580 22,010 - 22,010 .85 24.74 Coastwise, ) NofCharl'ton \ 405 56,865 57,270 23,287 19,399 24,211 18.86 27.25 S.ofCharl'ton } 6,626 - 6,626 - - 7*45 City Con- sumption, 6,600 - 6,600 100. 7.42 100. Total. 17,117 286,620 303,737 72,006 355,841 88,951 Note—Exports f rom Georgetown. Bales Cotton, 17,200; Bbls. Rice, about 250: R. Rice, 25.323. 96 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Detailed Tables—continued. 1838-9 From 1st October 1838 to 30th September 1839. BALES COTTON. || RICE. 1 1 PER CENTUM. Prop'n Prop'n S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Bushels. Total. Tierces. in 100 bales Cotton in 100 Tierc's Rice. 16.09 Great Britain, 8,355 111,131 119,486 10 360,526 17,177 56.17 France, 1,620 29,045 30,665 6,192 - 6,192 14.42 5.80 N. of Europe, . - 7,733 7,733 14,806 109,786 20,034 3.63 18.76 S. of Europe, . 24 24 37 - 37 .01 .03 West Indies, . 352 352 20,177 - 20,177 .17 18.90 Coastwise, } NofCharl'ton \ 537 53,917 54,454 26,570 22,950 27,663 25.60 25.91 S.ofCharl'ton ) 8,632 - 8,632 - - 8.09 City Con- sumption, 6,850 - 6,850 100. 6.42 100. Total. 10,512 202,202 212,714 83,274' 493,262 ] 106,762 Note—Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 12,000; Bbls. Rice, about 250; R. Rice, 21,000 bush. 1839-40 From 1st October 1839 to 30th September 1840. BALES COTTON. || RICE. 1 1 LUMBER. | | PER CENTUM. i Prop'n Prop'n S Island Uplands. Total. Tierce 5 R. Rice. Eushels Total. Tierces. Feet. in 100 bales Cotton in 100 Tierc's Rice. GBritain 15,291 137,751 153,042 1. ) 355,07$ 1 16,923 10,517 49.74 15.79 France, 4,019 58,898 62,917 7,871 7,876 1 . 20.45 7.35 North of Europe, South of Europe, - - 29,453 29,453 16,03< 1 76,43^ I 19,674 1,800 9.57 18.35 . 801 801 38] I - 381 . .26 .36 Westln- dies, - - 1,288 1,288 23,94$ 1 - 23,942 290,435 .42 22.34 Coast'e, 1 North of 1 Chas'on. \ 459 59,719 60,178 24,925 I - 24,922 * 19.56 23.25 South of Chas'on. )- - - - 6,66< ) - 6,669 _ _ . 6.22 C'yCon- sump'n, . . 6,80( ' ) - 6,800 - - 100. 6.34 100. Total. 19,769 287,910 307,679 86,639|431,50f 5107,187 302,752 NoffE—Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 13,200; Bbls. Rice, about 250; Rough Rice, 10,342. * The Coastwise Exports could not be obtained. EXPORTS OF COTTON AND RICE, &c. Detailed Tables—continued. 97 1840-1 From 1st October 1840 to 31st August 1841. BALES COTTON. I | RICE. | LUMBER. 11 PER CENTUM. 1 1 Pro.in Prop'n S Island Uplands. Total. 1 Tierces R. Rice.! Total. 1 Feet. 100 bis Exp'd. n 100 rierc's 1 Bushels. | Tierces. _ 42~597 Cotton Rice. GBritain 9,109 91,240 100,349] 365,697 17,415 45.09 16.21 France, 3,731 32,155 35,886 8,267 400 8,286 17,865 16.12 7.71 North of Europe, - - 22,305 22,305 22,199 89,495 26,461 21,616 10.02 24.63 South of Europe, - - 2,251 2,251; 716 . 716 69,341 1.01 .67 Westln- 1 dies, - - 257 257 22,388 _ 22,388 1,683,638 .12 20.84 Coast'e, *■ * Nortli of Chas'on. South of Chas'on. - 930 60,589 61,519,20,035 15,489 20,773 - 27.64 19.33 J- - . - - i 5,197 . . 5,197 . 4.84 C'yCon- sump'n, - | 6,200 - 6,200 - - - 5.77 Burnt, - - 750 750 223,317 1,835,057 100. 100. Total. 13,770 209,547 85,003 471,081 107,436 Note—Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 12,043; Bbl*. Rice, about' 250; Rough Rice, 21,677. * The Coastwise Exports could not be obtained. 1841-2 X From 1st September 1841 to 31st August 1842. BALES COTTON. I | RICE. I LUMBER. I |PER CENTUM. Pro.in Prop'n S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces j R. Ric e. 1 Bushels. Total. Tierces. Feet. 100 bis Exp'd. Cotton in 100 Tierc's Rice. GBritain 9,784 88,521 98,305 42 327,818 15,652 96,300 36.46 13.37 France, 4,335 71,169 75,504 5,545' - 5,545 209,589 28.01 4.73 North of | Europe, - - 21,417 21,417 122,375111,867 27,702 12,965 7.94 23.65 South of Europe, - - 3,193 3,193 880 6,000 1,166 179,136 1.19 1.00 Westln- dies, . - 405 405 25,674! - - 25,674 870,161 .15 21.92 Coast'e, 1 * North of \ 341 Chas'on. 70,442 70,783 29,003 2,870 29,140 - 26.25 24.88 South of 1 Chas'on. J- - 5,035 - 5,035 - - - 4.30 C'yCon- sump'n, - - - - 7,200, - 7,200 - - - 6.15 Burnt, - - 140; 140 | 117,114 1,368,151 100. 100. Total. 14,460 255,2871269,747 95,754!448,555 Note—Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 12,617; Bbls. Rice, about S 50; R. Rice, 12,900 bushels. * The Coastwise Exports could not be obtained. 13* 98 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Detailed Tables—continued. 1842-3 Fr< .IS (OTTO mi 1st September 1842 to 31st August 1843. BA N. || RICE. II LUMBER. | PER CENTUM, • Prop'n Prop'n S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. Feet. in 100 bales in 100 Tierc'B 2,011 Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. GBritain 15,200 186,445'201,645 134,390 8,411 25,941 57.19 6.15 France, 1,151 52,574 53,725 11.275 58,251 14,049 i 152,495 15.24 10.26 North of ij , Europe, - - 15,646 15,646 20,471 92,705 24,885 8,400 4.44 18.18 South of ■ ! Europe, . 2,260 2,260 437 8,672 850 104,337 .64 .62 Westln- j! dies, . 110 110 23,380 - 23,380, 1,091,483 ."03 17.08 Coast'e, " I j: * North of Chas'on. I 681 78,523 79,204 50,199 6,519 50,509 - 22.46 36.90 South of ll Chas'on. 7,502 - 7,502! - r - - 5.48 CyCon- | sump'n. 7,300 ,122,575 - 7,300 " " 100. 5.33 100. Total. 17,032 335,558 352,590 1300,537 136,886 4,382,656 Note—Exports from Georgetown. Bales Cotton, 12,95G; Bbls. Rice, about 250; R. Rice, 26,974. * The Coastwise Exports could not be obtained. 1843-4 n 1st September 1843 to 31st August 1844 Fro BALES COTTON. |l RICE. | |. LUMBER. 1 1 PER CENTUM, iPro.in Prop'n S.Island Uplands. Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. Feet. 100 bis Exp'd. in 100 Tierc's Bushels. Tierces. 22,512 Cotton Rice. GBritain 12,603 124,786 137,389 86 322,616 15,450 44.97 11.52 France, North of Europe, 2,440 34,180 36,620 8,809 24,344 9,968 53,181 11.99 7.43 - - 7,324 7,324 27,145 136,635 33,651 10,100 2.40 25.09 Europe, 203 „ 203 337,791 .15 Westln- dies, - - - - 23,721 - - 23,721 2,119,181 . - 17.68 Coast'e, 1 * North of Chas'on. 1,148 123,023 124,171 36,239 5,027 36,478 _ 40.64 27.19 South of J-- Chas'on. - - 7,026 . 7,026 „ _ . 5.24 C'yCon- sump'n. 7,650 . 7,650 _ . . 5.70 Burnt, - 1,066 1,066 306,570 100. 100. Total. 16,191 290,379 110,879 488,622134,147| 2,542,765 ?°rTJc"^Expor.s fr£m Georgetown. Cotton, 15,391 ; Bbls. Rice, about 250; Rough Rice, 19,725. * The Coastwise Exports could not be obtained. ' b ' ' EXPORTS OF COTTON AND RICE, &c. 99 Detailed Tables—continued. 1844-5 From 1st Sepl ember 1844 to 31st August 18* 1 RICE. 15. BALES COTTON. 1 LUMBER. IIPER CENTCM. Pro. inlProD'n S Islanc Uplands Total. Tierces. R. Rice. Total. Feet. 100 bis Exp'd. in 100 Tierc's GBritain Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. 16,26£ 202,353 218,618 99 350,774 16,802 13,344 51.82 14.12 France, North of 4.64C 67,581 72,221 4,188 56,805 6,890 23,600 17.12 5.79 Europe, South of - - 15,877 15,877 10,62£ 153,83C 17,950 7,585 3.76 15.08 Europe, * . 2,918 2,918 6C . 60 230,035 .69 .05 Westln- dies, - - 141 141 28,382 ^ 28,382 739,180 .03 23.84 Coast'e, | * North of I Chas'on. *> 423 111,698 112,121 34,992 9 m 34,992 . 26.58 29.40 South of Chas'on. J-- 5,978 5,978 * . . 5.02 C'yCon- sump'n. 7,98C . 7,980 > . . 6.70 Burnt, - • 3,481 3,481 100. 100. Total. 21,328 404,049 425,377 92,301 561,409 119,034 (1,013,744 Note—Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 15,395; Bbls. Rice, about 250; Rough Rice, 35,511. * The Coastwise Exports could not be obtained. 1845-6 » From 1st September 1845 to 31st August 1846. BALES COTTON. || RICE. || LUMBER. 1 1 PER CENTCM. | f ; Prop'n Prop'n S Island Uplands. Total. Tierces R. Rice. Total. Feet in 100 bales in 100 Tierc's Bushels. Tierces. Cotton Rice. GBritain 12,824 104,246 117,070 2,233 203,523 11,924 527,658 43.67 10.82 France, 6,703 44,277 50,980 5,074 35,334 6,757 75,991 19.02 6.13 North of Europe, South of Europe, • * 5,118 5,118 14,480 107,333 19,591 5,000 1.91 17.77 9 • 6,592 6,592 34 . "1 109,562 2.46 .03 Westln- dies, 16,217 40 16,219j 710,883 - - 14.72 Coast'e, ^ North of Chas'on. \ 476 87,841 88,317 37,855 8,909 38,279 12,231,963 32.94 34.73 South of Chas'on. 7,811 . 7,811 . - - 7.09 C'y Con- sump'n. - - - - 9,600 - 9,600 - 100. 8.71 100. Total. 20,003 248,074 268,077 93,304 355,139 110,2151 13,661,057 Notr—Exports from Georgetown. Cotton, 3,852; Bbls. Rice, about 250; Rough Rice, 23,600. lOO CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Detailed Tables—continued. 1846-7 From 1st September 1846 to 31st August 1847. BALES COTTON. II || LUMBER. | |PER CENTUM. GBritain France, North of Europe, South of Europe, Westln. dies, Coast'e, North of Chas'on South of Chas'on C'yCon sump'n. S Island 7,915 2,954 698 Uplands 113,747 48,498 8,794 8,428 156,064 Total. 121,662 51,452 8,794 8,428 156,762 Tierces. 20,808 11,451 9,688 6 24,017 40,365 7,846 10,000 Total. '11,5671335,531347,098 Note—Exports from Georgetown. 124,181 R. Rice. Bushels. 303,175 32,173 154,015 9,395 Total. Tierces. 498,758 35,245 12,983 17,022j 6 24,0 nj 40,812 7,846' 10,000 Feet. 42,526 50,051 41,980 1,091,125 1,318,826 9,136,808 Prop'n Prop'n 147,93l)|l 1,681,316 in 100 bales Cotton in 100 Tierc'i Rice. 35.05 23.83 14.82 8.78 2.53 2.43 45.17 Cotton, 2,000; Bbls. Rice, 496; Rough Rice, 30,8 100. 11.51 16.23 27.59 5.30 6.76 100. 1847-8 BALES cotton. From 1st September 1847 to 31st August 1848. II RICE. GBritain France, North of Europe, South of Europe, Westln dies, Coast'e, North of Chas'on South of Chas'on CyCon- sump'n. Burnt, S Island 12,987 2,358 I | LUMBER. I IPER CENTUM Uplands. 685 Total. |16,030 140,103 27,221 11,390 4,787 98,061 Total. 1,392 282,954 153,090 29,579 11,390 4,787 98,746 1,392 298,984 Tierces. 4,846 5,563 13,157 20,844 42,052 9,448 10,752 106,662 R. Rice. Bushels. 232,303 24,630 163,486 1,960 Total. Tierces. 15,908 6,736 20,942 20,844 42,145 9,448 10,752 422,379 126,775 Feet. 478,675 85,750 235,217 1,186,217 1,776,451 15,931,436 Pro. in Prop'n 100 bis in 100 Exp'd. Tierc's Cotton 51.44 9.94 3.83 1.61 33.18 Rice. 12.55 5.31 16.52 16.44 33.25 7.45 100. NOTE-Exportsrromceor^^^^ compiled Ivo^S?^ *° rix JT* fr0m 1828"9 to 1833-4, have been pT&^tT^ thC dlfferent Com™rcial records publish- t^^fS^^S?years have been made u? froin"The Tierce! ^"^ *"* ^ been reduCed to Tierces at the ra*e of 21 bushels to the 101 "<"& 'aOIH QNV NOiLXOO dO SXHOdXa Xil :JfflWpWK)pOffl00via»^WfcSMOC0(»<10>aKw»Mo3 00 00 00 00 ib. ib. ib. CO tO rn Q co Ox Ox ib. px." *. oo oom en Ox "to "to I-H -4 lb- tO Oi r- 00 tO oo oo 00 00 oq-a_ "00 .b. px."O0 co oo OO ib. oo oo oo 00 00 00 pM_Ox_ib._ Oi Oi Oi top Ox o"ib.t] I-H O >— CO m Ox 00 00 oo oo oo_to_ -J Oi Ox -4 *»■ "b lb. r- O 00 oo oo 00 00 J-i-P. oi -a to oo p-"t0 -J Oi Oi to oo oo oo oo to to to to co oo pi Oi bo co oo ~j O OiJO Oi Oi"bi*-H "bx to i-h oo oo O 00 i— ib. M 00 00 00 00 00 00 to to to to to to Ox ib. oo to i-h o Oi ~J Oi Oi cop oo -4 "jooom Ox CO I-- w o O ib- -- ib. Ox O O CO rH CO Ox 00 ib- ib. ib. ib- tb- Ox 00 p] px Ox^-ip Oibx"bx"oo oo co o i- Ox tO Oi tO 00 Ox 00 i-h Oi to ►b-OO lb. O to oo 00 00 00 Ox i-h Oi Oi -J 00 '-JOi'p ox co co tO ib. 00 oo to i— Oi Ox 00 tO"-H O Oi tO ib. CO -4 Oi i— bo oo oo oo I-H lb- bOHHH ib. CO p-1 to 00 oop 00 ^"b>b"-j tO i-h O Ox P-JpO Oi o Oi Oi oo t. Ox O 00 -J , ejx ib. ib. , -*Q0Ox ! OttO OS 'OHft Op- 05 ib. ib. Ox O 00 -J colo^j pi Oi o O OX r- 00 to 00 00 *»■ O* HH OX C>"t0 OxTsO 00 OO CO o 00 to *n to 00 o to oo cop co^4 lb. ib. 00 Ci© i-h irpO oo Oi co oo o co to to OX r- *>. to oo to o co "to "o O Ox Oi oo 0OI-ni-H|-n|_i,_,|_,,_, «oxm to co -a to p- Ox o"to"bx Oi ^ Oi to pi oo Oi oo Oi to 00 O Ox p! 00 00 00 oo ib. O rCO 00 (owto 05 co o o cox co Ox OJ obx tO I-H -4 co I— tO KJUti tO oo "ii. "co -JOS i Ox o co o I-H tO co to^ 00 lo" CD CO CO CO 00 pj p] O 00 HH -j oo co ©I-H 00 Ox lb CO HQ0O oo to to to to pj i- CO Ox 00 -J -J oo oo co bx oo oo Ox O 00 >b- 00 CO -5 Oi Oi Ox px. *. to o lb. Oi oo o o COOOM CO Ox Oi ib. ~J i— CD tO O Oi tO Ox bobs "to i-h CO 00 ib. ib- O 00 00 rH oo to oo IsSOp rH O 00 MOID Oi"ib- "b 00 lb- Oi I-" Pi tO oo co oo -j -a oi p ^4 p _00 px ,ib. ►p- 1-h "(a "r-i 00 "J-i O O CD Oi Oi Ox CO 00 00 i-h Oi 00 ■ ib ib CO tS CO «x » 00 Ox W J t- J Cox CO cd oo co Ox lb. 00 Oi 00 O J-1 °° p ib bibx o to 00 co to -a lb. lb- lb. lb. -4 00 00 MW bx "box Ox 00 o Ox i— Oi lb- 00 CO Ox 00 Ox to "oo Ci ib. tO *- Ox 00 00 00 00 Ox ox -a co bo ooo O Ox 00 pj co to 00 oo to -Jwffl -3OX00 bx"to"J-H h O Oi tO LO ib- I— H- tO CO pj lb. Oi *- oo OOOOp] 00 oo to I— lb. lb. CO pJ to oo o oo Oi"<=>"-3 i-h o Ox J-JO Oi o Oi Oi borf*. Ox O 00 -4 m to to o r-OitD^O blb.bx'co COX CO 00 -h ib. -4 Oi ib. o o co oo MOO U) to "bo "co"co 00 00 I-* Ox Oi pJ tO i-h I-H tO H ib- oi oo bibo to ooo-i 00 00 Ox H-oo^'Oi-HbOtOOCDCOOOOpJPH'Oi jb.-a "fe. *>■ O 00 CO to Ox Ox O O CO -4 CO Oi Oi Ox Oi CO Ox Ox 00 r- bi to co i M w CO I-H -a oi oi -4 -4 -4 tO px -4 O ib. Jr> bo bi bi bo bo bx lb- oo to to ib. Ox to CO oo to to to -3 jb. to p Ox p bi bo bo bi i— ib- Oi to 00 00 Oi Ox t3 ib I- » Oi I-H b)"to"*b ^10!O W O »J h- to \\ cob "bs J •- <- oo ■ 0x~I 00 8 rrr:— H(OWiHOOOCDHMBH|txt5H „-4 px Oi -J pj -J OiC2ZDtiSit*COZ)S^lO> ba^bb ho wb'oi'iot] *.bb WOiOOCOOxOOOOi—i WOi Oi -] CO -J CO r- 00 ib. tO OQi—'Qx-JOOOtOOOtOtO „r- tO — — J- ^^J^J-J-J". 'Jb.bx'p-'OOib-OOCO^OOxCOOOOOxOOOx CO CO -1 W Cx W p'OOtOtOOxCOib-COib. Oi^H-JtOtOOxOOOi ib. 00 CO ib. -4 — O to WW 5-a a a *5* D-HC-WOH |pa§?" a1* P>rj i-3 -=t 5. s Ha1 "C p' O 1= In RR redu'd to Tcs. at 21 bush. Jo fro CD ..OS* Proporti 100 Tiei f Clean a lough e ported * : a o ' T" ' c .o P So Ci a" o" r«t. r>< 05 Ci CS> S-v- rij O ft g-^N-S in ffi^gp.o "^ o £?2. f^C00i0i-lplOxib.ib.00*-Ox0iOxip-p30x00ib.Oxib.00rHK-t0OO^H00 O tO Oi O Oi Ox O O O Oi CO OOT^p^OO—pxpxpxpxtO^appxOOppxpc ^'kobx"k;©'p*'p*"toox'w"cb~bo"b'co to coox"co"^"bibo"to"to"co"to"coox"bo ^OltOCOCOip.tOLOip'OOib.OxOxOpIOxtOOOib.OOpI'-'ib.tOpIOxOCOtS "tOapIOOCOtO"— 0000i-H00HHOr-Ox0x0i00O00i-H00t000t0pI,-'O ■NOJ-sai^vHO xio snsMao SOI Prices of " Middli „<>■" to " Fair'''' Upland Cottons at Charleston—Compiled from the Weekly Courier L etter Sheet Prices Current. 1 1834 j 183o | 1836 | 1837 Cents. Cents. 14;jal6 jl6|aT7| 1838 1839 1840 184] 184 12 ts 1843 Cents 1814 18^ 15 ts 1816 C 1847 1848 Cents 7~alT Cents, j CxMltS. C.MltS. Cents. Jents. Cents. C'en Cents Cei Cents. "cuts. Jan. ■ I0jall.!'1.5 .il7i 9dalli 12£al5$ i HalO 9|all 8 a9A 6 a7? 84 a9| 4ia5J 65a 7j 10 alii Feb. llOdalH 15 al7 15 al7 |l6lal7l 9lall| I3^al0d 7|a 9d 10 all 7ol Pol 2^a3| Pol 2ja3 >ol Pol 2|a3 Pol 4 a4| Pol Janus iry, - - • 2±a3# 3 a3^ 3 a3i|3ia3l 2fa34 2£a3± 2|-a3 3ia3f 3 a31 February, - 2$a2f 2ia3 2*a3£ 3£a3g 3£a4 3fa4f 2fa3J 2ga3| 2ia3| 2 a3 2|a3 2fa3§ 3£a4i 3|a4f 3|a3l March, - - - 2|a2£ 2fa3g o^ao^- 3ia3f 3^a4 4 a4£ 24;a3 2fa3if 2^a3 Ua2* 2^a2g «gao^; 3|a4J; 4 a4f 3 a3| April, .... 2*a2§ 2g a3^ 3£a3§ 3 a3£ 3£a4 4 a4| 24a3 2jfa3i 23-aoo l^a2^ 2ia3& 3 a3f 3fa4^ 3fa4l 3 a3i May, .... 2fta2| 3 a3f Hisi 2£a3 3|a4a 4£a4a 2^a3£ 2|*a34, 2£a3A IfrH 2fa3 3|a3^ 3^a3f 4 a4| 2-|a3j June, -... 2aa3 ShM 34,a3£ 2f a3£ 4£a5 4£a4f 2£a3£ 2£a3^ 24;a3 * 3 a « g- 2|a3j 3|a3^ 2fa3i 4£a5! 2|a3 July, .... 2fa3i 3fa4 3£a3$ 3§a3| 4Ja4g 41a4g 2%m 3|a3| 2|a3 2fa2f 2fa3^ 3ia3,V 2^a3i 5i-a5i *2|a3A August, .... 2£a3§ 3£a4£ 3±a3$ 3Ia4i 4£a5 44a4-^ 2UH 3|a3g 2#a2^ 2|a2f 3 a3* OfilOS 2ifa3^ 54a5| 3 a3f September, ... 2ifa3§ 3fa4* 3^a3^ 4 a44 4^-a5 4 a4§ 3£a3f 3£a3f 2 a2^- 2^a2i 3 aaj n*n 3^a3f 5-ia5| o4"ao4 October, .... 2£a3$ 2£a4- d^aojf 4^a4f 4£a5 3ia4 3 a3£ 3|a4 2 a3 2^42* 2fa3^ 4|a4f 3Ja4^ 3|a5 ojaoj November, .... 2^a3§ 3£-a4 3fa3| 3?a4£ 4^a4^ 3i-a3| 3 a3h 3 a3£ 2|a3# 2^a2f 2|a3i 4fa5 3fa4i 3 a4 2|a3j Oecember, .... 2„-a3* 3 a34 3 a3£ 3*a3f 3|a4§ 2^a3^ 2fa34- 2|a3# 2^a34,2ia3 2|a2| 4ia5i 3ia31 3 a353 243a3| O o O > 2! O JO r—I o O CO 104 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Prices of Rough Rice at Charleston—Compiled from the Weekly Courier Letter Sheet Prices Current. Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. NTov. Pec. 1835 1836 1837 1838 $ ct. $ ct. 82al 02 98al 08 95al 07 90al 06 1 06al 25 1 15al 25 1 15al 25 1 lOal 25 1 20a 98al 01 93al 04 1839 $ ct. $ ct. 90al 04 1 OOal 10 1 OOal 13 1 05al 13 1 05al 15 1 lOal 15 1 12al 15 90a 78a 87 70a 82 1840 1841" $ ct. $ ct. 1 lOal 19 1 20a 1 lOal 15 8 Da $ ct. $ ct. 87a 98 87al 00 80al 06 1 OOal 06 87a 87a 92 88a 92 $ ct. $ ct. 88a 93 85 a 94 91al 02 85al 03 90a 87al 00 1 OOal 06 1 05al 06 1 lOal 20 87al 06 83al 00 ct. ct. 72a82 77a82 68a77 72a 70a75 75a85 83a 80a83 80a84 ct. ct. 75a80 75a84 80a85 82a85 83a85 85a86 90a 90a 92a 78a86 80a83 Prices of Rough Rice—Continued. 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 i$ ct._ $ ct. 1846 ct. ct ct. ct. ct. ct. ct. ct. $ ct. $ ct. fi ct. $ ct. Ian. 68 a 80 62 a 78 55 a 66 70a 81 1 05al 31 80a 93 86 a 95 Feb. 70 a 75 58 a 63 57 a 66 70a 85 1 OOal 18 92al 11 82 a 93 Mar. 70 a 75 55 a 64 60 a 80 75a 90 85al 03 96al 15 30 a 95 April 70 a 75 50 a 62 75 a 80 73a 88 90al 10 93al 15 76 a 93 May 70 a 72 55 a 62 75 a 81 85a 94 93al 10 1 OOal 25 75 a 8C June . - 57 a 63 30 a 81 83a 94 85a 90 1 Hal 40 72 a 74 July 68 a 72 60 a 62 81 a 87a 85a 1 25al 40 80 a Aug. - - 62 a 65 83 a 87 85a 80a . 84 a Sept. 65 a 65 a - - 1 23a 80a 90 . 83 a 92 Oct. 65 a 72 60 a 64 35 a 75 1 I Sal 30 94a 1 00 84a1 00 . Nov. 63 a 75 60 a 68 68 a 77 1 22a 1 30 90al 00 70al 00 75 a 76 Pec. 65 a 72 57 a 68 70 a 80 1 21al 37 80a 90 70a 95 74 a 81 COTTON. 105 COTTON. This article occupies so important a place in the Commerce of Charleston, that it demands a more ex- tended notice than the mere statement of Exports for the few years which we have been enabled to give in the foregoing Tables. That at a very early period Cotton was cultivated in South Carolina, principally for domestic purposes, and in some instances for export, is established by the state- ments of the following authorities : In a reprint in " Carroll's Historical Collections of South Carolina" of " The History of Carolina, by J. Oldmixon," printed in London in 1708. It is stated that its (Carolina's) "principal commodities are Provi- sions—as Beef, Pork, Corn, Peas, Butter, &c. &c, Hoops, Cotton, Silk;" and again, that " the ordinary women take care of Cows, Hogs, and other small cat- tle, &c, spin Cotton and Flax." From a reprint in Carroll's Historical Collections of South Carolina, entitled "A Description of the Province of South Carolina, drawn up at Charles Town in Sep- tember 1731," by John Peter Purry and others, attest- ed with their certificate as eye witnesses, at foot of the statement. We quote—" Flax and Cotton thrive ad- mirably, and Hemp grows from thirteen to fourteen feet in height;" and again, " That by means of the Wool, Cotton, Flax and Hemp, it will be easy to pro- cure all the Linen necessary, as also good Cloth and Stuffs for cloathing." From a reprint in Carroll's Historical Collections of South Carolina, entitled " A description of South Caro- lina, &c. &c." printed in London 1761, giving " An ac- count of several species and quantities of commodities of the produce of South Carolina, which were exported 106 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. from thence at the port of Charles Town, in one year, from first November, 1741, to first November, 1748, &c. &c." among the enumerated articles are, " Cotton Wool 7 bags ;" and in the same pamphlet, among the imports, are " Wollen and Cotton Cards." In another reprint in Carroll's Historical Collections of South Carolina, giving a description of the Province of South Carolina, "written in 1763 for private use, and afterwards printed in London in 1770," we find that " The Cotton tree likewise grows naturally in this pro- vince, and might be of great use in cloathing the poorer sort of white inhabitants and the negroes, if any pains were taken to cultivate it." From Drayton's view of South Carolina, printed in 1802, we quote—" Cotton is noticed as an article of ex- port in South Carolina as early as the year 1754; and from that time to this it has been grown in the State i" and in a subsequent table of Exports for that year, among others articles given, is "some Cotton" Governor Seabrook in his valuable " Memoir on the origin, cultivation and uses of Cotton," published in 1844, has also collected many evidences of the early cultivation of Cotton in South Carolina; from which pamphlet the following extracts are made: " In that year, (1775) while a Cotton patch was no unusual spectacle, Col. Delagall, of South Carolina, &c, cultivated thirty acres of the green seed kind, near Savannah." ****** ******* " In Wilson's account of the ' Province of Carolina in America,' published in 1682, it is stated that Cotton of the Cyprus and Malta sort grows well, and a good plenty of the seed is sent thither." ******* ******* "From the Journal of Mrs. Pinckney, the mother of Genl. Thomas and Genl. Charles C. Pinck- ney, who as Miss Lucas, when only 18 years of age, COTTON. 107 was entrusted with the planting interests of her father the Gov. of Antigua, is the following memorandum :— July 1, 1739. Wrote to my father to-day a very long letter on his plantation affairs—on the pains I had taken to bring the Indigo, Ginger, Cotton, Lucerne and Ca- sada to perfection, &c." June 1741. Wrote again to my father on the subject of Indigo and Cotton." ***** "A short time before the Revolution, a few of our plan- ters by growing patches of Cotton, some of which was of the black seed kind, succeeded in cloathing not only their families, to which they had been accustomed, but also their slaves. The necessities of the war, &c, greatly increased the number of the domestic fabricators of the wool until about the year 1790, when the practice of using homespun for plantation purposes became very common in the Districts and upper Parishes. The yarn was spun at home, and sent to the nearest weaver. Among the manufacturing establishments, the one in the vicinity of Murray's ferry, in Williamsburg, owned by Irish settlers, supplied the adjacent country." **** "Among the exports of Charles Town from November 1747 to November 1748, are included 7 bags of Cotton Wool." This last Gov, Seabrook quotes from " Ame- rican Husbandry, &c. &c, of the British Colonies in North America and the West Indies, published in Lon- don in 1775." Also, Gov. Seabrook states that of the importations of Cotton into Europe from the United States between 1785 and 1790, " 153 bags were sent directly, and a portion of the remainder by the way of Philadelphia and New York from Charleston." From " Drayton's view of South Carolina" we take the following statement of Exports of Cotton from the port of Charleston, which, we are informed, in a note, was furnished the author by James Simons, Esq., the Collector of the Port. It is not stated whether these 108 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. • Exports were made Foreign, or both Foreign and Coastwise, nor is the description of Cotton specified. This reduced to bags of 330 lbs. would give 1st Oct. 1789 to 30th Sept. 1790, 9,840 lbs. 30 bags. « 1790 " t< 1791, 54,075 << 164 " t< 1791 " a 1792, 76,710 u 232 « a 1792 " a 179,3, 93,540 i. 284 " a 1793 " a 1794, 159,040 K 482 « (t 1794 " u 179J), 1,109,653 a 3,363 " u 1795 " u 1796, 912,600 a 2,765 « K 1796 " « 1797, 1,008,511 u 3,056 " a 1797 " ic 1798, 2,476,431 u 7,504 " a 1798 " (i 1799, 2,801,996 a 8,491 " a 1799 " a 1800, 6,425,863 a 19,472 « « 1800 " i: 1801, 8,301,907 a 25,157 « The following statement of the Exports of Sea Island Cotton from the United States is given, as it has been found impossible to give the description of Exports from Charleston prior to the period at which the preceding tables commence. It will be seen that large exports of Sea Island Cotton, of domestic growth, went forward from the United States as early as the year 1804, the whole of which must have passed, in the first instance, through the ports of Savannah and Charleston; as this description of Cotton was at that period only cultivated in Georgia and South Carolina, the largest proportion probably in the latter State. To this, it has been deemed advisable to add the Ex- ports of Upland Cotton for the same periods, as giving some d^ta by which the Cotton crops of the United States may be estimated, for those periods when no annual statements of the crops were made up by the Commercial Journals. COTTON. 109 From "Seyberfs Statistical Annals of the United States." EXPORTS OF COTTON FROM THE UNITED STATES. This reduced to packages of 330 lbs. would give 2,027 bales 2,027bales, wt. not known 189,316 lbs. 573 " designated wts. 138,328 « 419 " August 1789 to 30th Sept. 1790, 1st Oct. 1790 to 30th Sept. 1791, 1st Oct. 1791 to 30th Sept. 1792, 1st Oct. 1792 to 30th Sept. 1793, *487,600 " 2,438 " 1,478" 1st Oct. 1793 to 30th Sept. 1794, *1,601,760 " 7,222 " 4,854 " 1st Oct. 1794 to 30th Sept. 1795, *6,276,300 "20,921 « 19,019 " 1st Oct. 1795 to 30th Sept. 1796, 6,106,727 " 1st Oct. 1796 to 30th Sept. 1797, 3,788,429 " 1st Oct. 1797 to 30th Sept. 1798, 9,360,005 " 1st Oct. 1798 to 30th Sept. 1799, 9,532,263 " 1st Oct. 1799 to 30th Sept. 1800, 17,789,803 " 1st Oct. 1800 to 30th Sept. 1801, 20,911,201 " 1st Oct. 1801 to 30th Sept. 1802, 27,501,075 " 83,337 " The above exports appear to be both that of the Domestic growth of the United States, and re-exports of Foreign growth; no distinction was made between Sea Island and Upland Cotton during these years. * The pounds for these three years are from Pitkin's Statistics, 1st edition. The packages are from Seybert. 15 18,505 " 11,480 * 28,364 « 28,886 " 53,909 " 63,367 " 110 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. w o !=> p o pp Ah ' Q pp < K • H ■

^ 53 O ST pp « o £ pp to K *p» HaJ s s !««• fi H^ w OJQ ,05 ?3 HZ Ci caE «~a SH nfe pO su S>1 fc r-„» «» *# .q. -2- »BS«MtOC0O) SScOOO^Sott? co'cTii-rrtWrtpT "H "S-3 -S3 r 7 pa CO CO co in eo o 'co od cm Tf co t- pH I-H cdci" Tf Oi co »o H1O00O5 r-l tfi CO O co o »o cd cm oo r^i~* oo oo oo o D|h(M £-niO« "3 lO Tf CM CN Tf O o oo oT oT oo oo CO 00 -H ci CO co t^CO^CN co o? od CO CM CM 00 CO CM Oi co cm o r- io r-^co^co CO CO rf O nn CO r- -^ CM p r- O Tf 00 O CM ocbcc co »o oo" pf CM ph CN CM S a CQ1-, Oi CO cm r- co ■* co od CM i-i Oi CO lO O 00^ CM r^of co (M CM 00 CO CM CO Tf CO '«« O CO CO »o 00 Tf CM "* Oi pf ■* co_o od~r-Tco i-h 00 CM qtom O cT(M O Tf CO CM CO O r- co co co o cqcM^o CO Tf Co"(M CM CM ph ph 'rf © ph r- oo co r- cc co co^io ph t-odoT»o co © o en Tf Tf Tf Tf 00 O CM ph CD CM lO 00 CO O t^co 00 CD r- o odco PH PH CO MIOH O O o oq oq Tf~CD l> Tf O CM CO CO CO O CO i-H odoOTfTf O ph CM CO CO Tf tfl CO o o o o _ oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo CM CO O o oo oo inocofcocsopiNm^incD OOOOOOpHi-CpHpHpHpHpH oooooooooooooooooooooooooo Os - a i From " Pitkin's Statistics of the U. States," 2d edition. EXPORTS OF COTTON FROM THE UNITED STATES, THE GROWTH AND PRODUCE OF THE UNITED STATES. Sea Island. Pounds. Uplands. Pounds. 1st Oct, 1817 to 30th Sept. 1818, 6,457,335 86,013,843 " 1818 " " 1819, 7,448,775 80,508,270 1819 " « 1820, 11,569,015 116,291,137 1820 " " 1821, 11,344,066 113,549,339 1821 " " 1822, 11,250,635 133,424,460 1822 « « 1823, 12,136,688 161,586,582 1823 « « 1824, 9,525,722 132,843,941 1824 « « 1825, 9,665,278 166,784,629 Reduced to packages of 300 lbs. will give S.I. bales. Upld's, b's 19,568 22,572 35,058 34,376 34,093 36,778 28,866 29,289 260,648 243,964 352,397 344,089 404,317 489,656 402,557 505,408 COTTON. Ill From 1st October 1818, we have a more accurate estimate of the Sea Island Crops of the United States for each year, in the following table of the Exports from Savannah and Charleston to 30th Sept. 1832, and from that period, the actual Crops of Georgia and South Carolina for each year to 31st August 1848. Exports of Sea Island Cotton, from 1st October 1818 to 30th Sept. 1832; and of Crops from 1st Octcber 1832 to 3lst A ugust 1848. Charleston. Savannah. i OTAL. Bales. Bales. Bales. 1st Oct 1818 to 30th Sept .1819, Exp . 9,865 Exp 8,425 Exp .18,290 •' 1819 tt tt 1820, tt 21,484 tt 11,895 n 33.379 ft 1820 tt tt 1821, .( 24,622 tt 10,888 ti 35,510 '• 1821 " a 1822, tt 25,510 tt 10,775 ft 36,285 u 1822 tt a 1823, tt 26,747 tt 10,830 it 37,577 a 1823 tt tt 1824, t« 24,632 ti 9,951 it 34,583 ti 1824 •• tt 1825, tt 18,253 tt 7,763 tt 26,016 it 1825 tt tt 1826, tt 12,647 ti 6,029 tt 18,676 tt 1826 t. >t 1827, '• 31,828 tt 14,549 ti 46,377 ft 1827 tt it 1828, tt 22,750 d 12,126 ti 34,876 " 1828 tt tt 1829, '• 23,047 .t 13,729 n 36,776 tf 1829 t< it 1830, a 17,708 it 9,579 tt 27,287 tt 1830 " tt 1831,. ti 20,317 " 7,586 it 27,903 tf 1831 tt tt 1832, tt 18,243 it 9,664 n 27,907 a 1832 tt tt 1833, Crop22,591 Cropl2,463 Oop35,054 it 1833 tt tt 1834, u 19,435 it 8,709 it 28,144 « 1834 tt tt 1835, tt 14,854 it 9,797 ti 24,651 u 1835 tt tt 1836, t. 15,758 tt 9,793 it 25,551 >i 1836 '• .. 1837, tt 14,262 ii 7,963 it 22,225 tt 1837 it tt 1838, it 12,568 it 5,121 u 17,689 " 1838 tt tt 1839, it 11,483 u 4,809 tt 16,292 tt 1839 tt t. 1840, ti 17,913 ii 8,642 tt 26,555 tt 1840 tt 31st Aug. 18 it 13,816 tt 6,449 tt 20,265 1st Sep tl841 tt " 1842, k 13,247 tt 7,214 n 20,461 tt 1842 tt tt 1843, it 16,798 it 7,493 it 24,291 " 1843 it tt 1844, tt 13,564 i> 5,574 tt 19,138 tt 1844 tt tt 1845, ii 20,019 it 8,453 it 28,472 tt 1845 tt tt 1846, " 19,579 ii 10,622 Ci 30,201 it 1846 tt >s 1847, .; 13,538 it 7,567 It 21,105 tt 1847 i. '• 1848, ti 12,909 tt 8,816 tt 21,725 The combined crops of Upland and Sea Island Cot- ton of the United States may be found in Recapitulation of the Detailed tables of Exports of Cotton and Rice, pages 101-2. 112 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. RICE. This subject, as well as the Cotton crops, demands more extension than the statement of exports for the few years embraced in the foregoing tables. Fortu- nately, through the previous researches of another, the exports of Rice, from a very early period, have b'e'en collected and preserved, which will be found in the succeeding pages. From " Drayton's View of South Carolina" we quote, " Rice, was first planted in South Carolina about the year 1688 : when by chance a little of it, of a small unprofitable kind, was introduced into the State." From "Ramsay's History of South Carolina" we learn, that the cultivation of Rice was first commenced in South Carolina in 1694. A vessel from Madagas- car, in distress, put into Charleston harbor, the Captain of which had some previous acquaintance with Land- grave Thomas Smith, to whom he gave a small parcel of Rough Rice, which was in the cook's bag on board; this, Mr. Smith planted in a moist spot in his garden, (now Longitude Lane, in the City of Charleston) the proceeds he distributed among his friends, and in a few years after Rice became one of the staple productions of the Colony. In " Carroll's Historical Collections of South Caro- lina" it is stated, that a Brigantine, from Madagascar, put into the Colony, and gave some seed Rice to Mr. Woodward, which, in a few years, was dispersed through the Colony. It is also further stated " that Mr. Du Bois, Treasurer of the East India Company, did send to that country, (Carolina) a small bag of seed Rice some short time after." These events occurred about the year 1700. RICE. 113 That Rice, soon after this period, was an article of export from Carolina, we learn from a pamphlet re- printed in Carroll's Historical Collections of South Carolina, and originally published in London in 1707 by John Archdale, late Governor of Carolina, in which he says, "17 Ships this year," (probably several years prior to the printing of the pamphlet) " came ladened from the Carolinas with Rice, Skins, Pitch, Tar, &c, in the Virginia fleet." The following early exports of Rice, which we re- publish as having an appropriate place in the Statistics of Charleston, were collected by the Hon. R. F. W. Allston in his valuable " Memoir of the introduction and cultivation of Rice in South Carolina," published in 1843, from the following sources: From a statement published by Gov. Glen, in his " De- scription of South Carolina," 1761. EXPORTS OF RICE FROM CAROLINA. From 1720 to 1729 inclusive 264,788 bbls., equal to 44,081 tons, bbls. about 325 lbs. From 1730 to 1739 inclusive 419,525 bbls., equal to 99,905 " " " 400 " For this last period, CarrolVs Historical Collections,gives EXPORTS FROM THE PROVINCE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, FROM 1730 TO 1739. To Portugal in all, 83,379 barrels " Gibraltar, - - 958 " " Spain, - - - 3,570 " France, only the last two years at most, - 9,500 " To Great Britain, Ireland, and the British plantations, by the largest calculation, cannot exceed, - - 30,000 6* To Holland, Hamburg and Bremen, including about 7,000 bbls. to Sweden and Denmark* -f - 372,118 ------- making Total expts. in these years, 499,525 " 99,905 tons. 114 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. From the French of G. M. B. Dumonl, furnished by Hon. M. King. EXPORTS OF RICE FROM THE PORT OF CHARLESTON, S. C. Nov. 1724 to Nov. 1725, 17,734casks " 1725 " " 1726, 23,031 " " 1726 " " 1727, 26,884 " " 1727 " " 1728, 29,905 " " 1728 " " 1729, 32,384barrels " 1729 " " 1730, 41,722 " a 17QH U H 1TQ1 *QQ ztST l *At this time the bis. would an- 1 I 0\J 1 i O 1, dzt^O I ( pear t0 have been 500 pounds, " 1731" " 1732, 37,068 «^-»™U* ffis. O.L, Vol. 8, " 1732 " " 1733, 50,726 " " 1733 " " 1734, 30,323 " " 1734 " " 1735, 45,317 " l,038bags. From the Commercial Column of the " South Carolina Gazette. EXPORTS FROM CHARLESON, S. C. Barrels. Bags. From 1735 to 1736, 52,349 1,554 Nov. 1736 to Nov. 1737, 42,619 519 " 1737 " " 1738, 34,324 " 1738 " " 1739, 67,117 " 1739 " " 1740, 91,110 " 1740 " " 1741, 80,040 2,137 " 1741 " " 1742, 46,196 From the Carolina Gazette. 1742 " " 1743, 73,416 1743 " " 1744, 80,778 1744 " " 1745, 59,627 1745 " " 1746, 54,101 1746 " " 1747, 54,146 1747 " " 1748, 55,132 1748 " " 1749, 41,034 1749 " " 1750, 48,011 525 1750 " " 1751, 61,522 223 1751 " " 1752, 78,360 186 1752 " " 1753, 35,522 1753 « " 1754, *88,659 } ^^SS^S^A^ 1754 " " 1755, 96,778 a a ii ii ii ii ii a a a u a a RICE. 115 Barrels. Bao-s. " 1758 " " 1759, 51,718 " 1759 " " 1760, 60,789 - - 44 " I76010th0ct.l761, 101,359 - - 74 " 1761 to Nov. 1762, 79,642 " 1762 " " 1763, 101,059 - - 44 " 1763 " " 1764, 101,842 " 1764 l4thSep 1765, 107,292 10th Oct. 1768 24thAug 1769, 116,715 1st Nov. 1770 lOthOct. 1771, 130,500 EXPORTED AS FOLLOWS. To Great Britain, - - - 73 325 " Portugal, - 14'439 Spam,......1?760 Italy, - - 222 " The Foreign West India Islands, - - 975 " " British, „ „ 30,305 " Ports on this Continent, - . 9,665 In the year 1770, from the Colonies, - - 150,529 From the Carolina Gazette. From the Port of Charleston, S. C, Barrels. From 1st Nov. 1772 to 2d August, 1773, 112,649 From 12th Nov. 1773 to 7th Nov. 1774, 118,482 From Beaufort, same time, 3,630 " Georgetown " " 2,964 Crop of 1773, exported. Total. 125,076 The foregoing statements of Exports are copied from the Honorable R. F. W, Allston's pamphlet. From the 1st edition of "Pitkin's Statistics of the United States," we extract the following account of the Exports of Rice from all the Colonies for the year 1770. Barrels. To Great Britain, 74,073 " South of Europe, 36,296 " West Indies, 40,033 and 8,200 bush, of ,R.R " Africa, 117 Total, 150,529 and 8,200 bushels. Value, £340,692.15 £615.9. CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. 116 In " Drayton's View of South Carolina," it is stated, there was exported from the State of South Carolina From 13th Jan. 1783 to 14th Nov. 1783, 23,160 barrels, and 2,129 half barrels. From 14th Nov. 1783 to 3d Dec. 1784, 58,923 barrels, and 6,102 half barrels. Also, " Exports from Charleston, furnished the author by James Simons, Esq., Collector of the Port of Charleston." Barrels. 1st Oct. 1789 to 30th Sept. 1790, 87,179 « 1790 " " 1791, 98,044 « 1791 " " 1792, 102,235 « 1792 " " 1793, 94,035 1793 " " 1794, 69,717 1794 " " 1795, 85,670 " 1795 " " 1796, 84,540 » 1796 " " 1797, 80,837 " 1797 " " 1798, 74,277 1798 " " 1799, 70,426 " 1.99 " " 1800, 75,788 « 1800 " " 1801, 64,769 It is not stated whether these Exports were Foreign alone, or both Foreign and Coastwise. From 1801 to 1819 there are no means of ascertain- ing the Exports of Rice from Charleston, nor the annu- al crops; to supply this deficiency, the Exports of Rice from the United States are given, as follows : From " Seyberfs Statistical Annals of the United States." Tierces. August 1789 to 30th Sept. 1790, 100,845 1st October 1790 " " 1791, 73,329 1791 " " 1792, 141,762 « 1792 " " 1793, 134,611 " 1793 " " 1794, 55,026 1794 " " 1795, 138,526 RICE. 117 Tierces. 1st October 1795 to 30th Sept. 1796, 131,039 1796" « 1797, 60,111 1797" « 1798, 125,243 1798 " " 1799, 110,599 1799" « 1800, 112,056 1800" « 1801, 94,866 1801 " « 1802, 79,822 1802" " 1803, 81,838 1803" « 1804, 78,385 1804 " " 1805, 56,830 1805" « 1806, 102,627 1806" " 1807, 94,692 1807" " 1808, 9,228S°of 1808" " 1809, 116,907 1809" " 1810, 131,341 1810" " 1811, 119,356 1811" " 1812, 77,190 )g 1812 « " 1813, 120,^43 > ! 1813" « 1814. 11,476 $3 1814" " 1815, 129,248 1815" " 1816, 137,843 1816" " 1817, 79,296 From " Pitkin's Statistics"—2nd Edition. 1817 " " 1818, 88,181 1818 " " 1819, 76,523 From this period we have been enabled to make up the following close approximation to the annual Rice Crops of South Carolina, Georgia, and North Carolina, which is given in preference to continuing the quota- tions of the Exports of Rice from the United States. 16 Rice Crops. 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1819-20 Allow for City Consumption, 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1820-1 Allow for City Consumption, 1st Oct, to 30th Sept. 1821-2 Allow for City Consumption, 1st Oct. to 30th Sept, 1822-3 Allow for City Consumption, 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1823-4 Allow for City Consumption, 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1824-5 Allow for City Consumption, 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1825-6 Allow for City Consumption, 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1826-7 Allow for City Consumption, 1st Oct, to 30th Sept. 1827-8 Allow for City Consumption, ESTIMATED CROP OF SOUTH CAROLINA. CHARLESTON. Tierces. Exports 64,153 8,500 Receipts 98,336 Exports 78,161 8,500 Receipts 90,222 Exports 102,170 8,800 92,587 9,000 95,193 9,200 108,543 9,500 121,089 9,900 GEORGETOWN. Tierces. Exports 600 550 500 500 450 400 400 350 300 TOTAL SO. CA. Tierces. 73,253 98,886 87,161 90,722 111,420 101,987 104,793 118,393 131,289 ESTIMATED CROP OF GEORGIA SAVANNAH. Tierces. Exp u u arts 14,567 1,000 15,705 1,000 12,746 1,000 " 11,530 1,000 ;< 13,553 1,000 d 7,235 1,000 u 11,455 1,000 u 12,918 1,500 u 12,889 1,500 TOTAL GEORGIA Tierces. 15,567 16,705 13,746 12,530 14,553 8,253 12,455 14,418 14,389 Estimated CropofN'th Carolina. Tierces. .Total estimated Crops of these [ three States, Tierces. 88,820 115,591 100,907 103,252 125,973 110,222 117,248 132,811 145,678 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1828-9 Allow for City Consumption, 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1829-30 Allow for City Consumption, " 124,031 9,900 Receipts 123,101 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1830-1 Allow for City Consumption, 110,072 1st Oct. to 30th Sept, 1831-2 Allow for City Consumption, " 127,392 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1832-3 Allow for Citv Consumption, 143,473 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1833-4 Allow for City Consumption. 118,762 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1834-5 Allow for City Consumption, 124,250 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1835-6 Allow for City Consumption, « 133,533 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1836-7 Allow for City Consumption, 119,917 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1837-8 Allow for City Consumption, 90,385 1st Oct. to 30th Sept, 1838-9 Allow for City Consumption, 106,001 134,231 123,351 110,322 127,642 143,723 119,012 124,500 135,351 120,958 91,841 107,251 - - 19,999 1,500 21,499 22,592 25,264 24,283 34,532 26,359 *26,500 *27,500 *24,500 *22,500 24,332 i i 6,000 5,500 5,000 5,000 155,730 20,592 2,000 145,943 23,264 2,000 135,586 22,283 2,000 151,925 32,332 2,200 178,255 24,159 2,200 145,371 " * 24,000 2,500 151,000 * 25,000 2,500 168,851 '' * 22,000 2,500 150,958 " * 20,000 2,500 119,341 " 2i;33"2 3,000 136,583 1 Rice Crops—continued. —.... ESTIMATED CROP OF SOUTH CAROLINA. ESTIMATED GKOF OF GEORGIA. Estimated Crop of N'th Carolina. Crops of these three States. CHARLESTON. GEORGETOWN. TOTAL SO. CA. SAVANNAH. TOTAL GEORGIA Tierces. 27,392 "27,087 25,564 30,281 33,043 33,717 37,147 36,739 35,136 Tierces. Tierces. Tierces. Tierces. Tierces. | 5,000 5,000 6,000 6,500 6,500 7,000 i 7,000 7,500 7,500 Tierces. 1st Oct. to 30th Sept. 1839-40 Allow for City Consumption, Receipts 107,108 107,052 117,994 136,733 135,561 " 117,939 111,407 146,260 « 126,673 Exports 743 " 1,282 « 864 1,535 1,189 " 1,941 1,374 1,963 « 1,462 107,851 108,334 118,858 138,268 136,750 119,880 112,781 148,223 128,135 Exports 24,392 3,000 140,243 140,421 150,422 175,049 176,293 160,597 156,928 192,462 j 170,771 1 1st Oct. to 31st Aug. 1840-1 Allow for City Consumption, 23,587 3,500 1st Sept, to 31st Aug. 1841-2 Allow for City Consumption, 22,064 3,500 1st Sept. to 31st Aug. 1842-3 Allow for City Consumption, " 26,281 4,000 1st Sept, to 31st Aug. 1843-4 Allow for City Consumption, 28,543 4,500 1st Sept. to 31st Aug. 1844-5 Allow for City Consumption, " 29,217 4,500 1st Sept. to 31st Aug. 1845-6 Allow for City Consumption, " 32,147 5,000 1st Sept, to 31st Aug. 1846-7 Allow for City Consumption, « 31,739 5,000 1st Sept. to 31st Aug. 1847-8 Allow for City Consumption. 30,136 5,000 to o RICE CROPS. 121 In the preceding table, under the Charleston head, the actual receipts are stated where these have been ascertained, and where the receipts were not known, the exports have been given with an estimate for City Consumption, based upon the known consumption of the years immediately succeeding, which may be found in the detailed tables of Exports of Rice and Cotton, pages 92 and 100. For the information from which the Exports of Georgetown are estimated, where the actual exports are not known, (and which latter may be found in the tables, pages 95 and 100) we are indebted to E. Waterman, Esq. of Georgetown, whose long familiarity with the commerce of that port is a guarantee for the accuracy of those estimates. * In estimating the crops of Georgia, the actual ex- ports from Savannah, for each year, have been obtained after much laborious research from several authentic sources, with the exception of the years 1834-5,1835-6, 1836-7, 1837-8, which could not be ascertained. For these four years an estimate has been made, based upon the known exports of the preceding and succeeding years, an allowance having been made for those years in which the Crop was known to be a short one. The estimates for the City Consumption of Savannah, were derived from statements furnished by one of her mer- chants, long and extensively engaged in the Rice trade of that port. It will be perceived that no allowance has been made for Exports from any other port in Georgia, except Savannah. This has been done upon the following information obtained from a highly re- spectable Commercial house in Darien, in answer to a letter of enquiry upon this subject, in which they say, " For several years past no Rice has been exported from this place, or neighborhood, to any other ports than Sa- vannah and Charleston, and we understand that none 122 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. is sent from St. Mary's or Satilla River, except to your port and Savannah. Five or ten years ago 2 or 300 tierces went annually to Cuba, and occasionally a small parcel to New York, but no one has any account of the same." In the estimate of the crops of North Carolina, more uncertainty exists than in that of the other two States, as we have been unable to obtain any of her actual ex- ports. As early as May 1831, twelve hundred bushels of Rough Rice were imported into Charleston from North Carolina. At that period, it is believed that, no mills for pounding Rice were erected in the United States except in Georgia and South Carolina, conse- quently the exports of Rice from North Carolina, at that time, must have gone to one or other of those States, and been included in their crops. After the erection of the New York Rice Mills had created a de- mand for the Coastwise exports of Rough Rice from Southern ports, it is probable that North Carolina also participated in that trade ; we have therefore selected the period at which the Exports of Rough Rice were commenced from Georgetown, as the most proper one at which to begin an estimate of the exports from North Carolina. From that date the estimate of the crops of North Carolina have been made from the most authen- tic sources within our reach. We again repeat, however, that this table is only an approximation,where actual Receipts,or Exports are not specified, and therefore the above full explanations have been deemed advisable. The table has been prepared with much labor, research and reflection, and is offered with diffidence. But as the subject of the annual Rice Crops of the States exporting this article is an im- portant one, and has never heretofore been collected, so far as we have been able to ascertain, this effort has been made towards accomplishing that object. IMPORTS OF GRAIN AND HAY. J 23 IMPORTS OF GRAIN AND HAY. Importations into Charleston, S. C, of Corn, Oats, Peas and Hay for 15 years, from 1st January to 31st December in each year.* Compiled from manuscripts politely furnished by Messrs. O. Mills & Co., who have kept regular accounts of the receipts of these articles during a series of years. CORN. Bushels. OATS. Bushels. PEAS. Bushels. HAY. Bales. 1834, 447,667 78,582 22,958 20,621 1835, 376,299 50,607 19,785 16,678 1836, 390,721 79,818 8,189 23,610 1837, 393,400 166,161 13,450 26,600 1838, 456,718 152,625 22,879 23,459 1839, 342,098 125,244 14,222 24,178 1840, 322,080 93,452 18,209 24,638 1841, 375,881 71,914 23,586 20,170 1842, 350,500 80,070 20,958 20,164 fl843, 169,777 57,600 23,440 25,272 1844, 287,075 81,900 24,275 24,311 1845, 368,975 111,485 29,443 29,381 {1846, §544,900 47,200 29,817 16,116 Coastwise, ) By Rail Road, $ 151,365 38,400 5,150 22,307 334,761 Total 1847|| 486,126 24,455 12,360 Coastwise, ) By Rail Road, $ 184,390 26,527 201,177 Total 1848H 385,567 * In the Statistics of the Rail Road will be found the receipts of Flour, Wheat and Turpen- tine received through that channel, -which have not been embodied in this table, as the receipts of those articles, through other channels, could not be obtained. t The Grain crops of this State were unusuaUy abundant this year, and a large proportion of the receipts of Corn in Charleston, were the product of South Carolina. | Up to this period no Corn, of any consequence, was received from the interior by Rail Road. § The Grain crops of this State failed so entirely this year as to produce much distress in the Upper Districts; so much so, that a Committee was appointed at a public meeting, held in Charleston, to receive donations for the relief of the distressed poorer classes in the interior. A very large proportion of the receipts of Corn went to the Upper Districts of the State, to supply the deficiency consequent upon this failure of the Crop, and much of it for gratuitous distribu- tion. || Of the receipts this year, 135,235 bushels of Corn were taken for Export to Europe, in conse- quence of the famine in Ireland, and the general failure of the European Grain Crops. H The Foreign Exports of Corn from Charleston, this year, was 34,453 bushels. 124 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. N'tfflt-OOr-^COWd dddddddddddd lOOOOOOOOTftrH^C iQiQinioiomioinLQiQioiO atciowiciooiflioooo J>©©©©i-HOit-t-t-i>t- inoowiooioioiciomo &5 o to .to o p* O no to Tf< □0 a O I I iu o CO Tf 00 rH to a CO O N O lO Mft O ffl ci ci d ci d ci d 00 O CO 00 © W LO CO © © © © iO in in © d © m © © eJ d oo m lO © © o t- 00 d d © rH © © p^ p^ to pt to s m Tf 00 i-H to a © h O O t O OD O io 10 lo in m ^ co d d d d d d d CO CO CO CO CO CO in Tf Tf Tf Tf Tf Tf Tf © © d CO LO Ot-Or" © o i" oo d d d d oo oo r- © Tf Tf 00 i-H to a © (NO©COOO»!-HOD in m m o co co © o dddddddd ©©omo*i-H©m TtTfTfTfmmTfTf © m d a CO CO Tf Tt* © rH © © s5 d in Tf m n* -Compiled froi Current. CO Tf 00 to a 0) 1> © • i> r- t^ t» © t~ d d d d d d d in i-h in © © © © in in in m © in © © d 00 m oo m © © d d © rH © © © © © m d d © © iO iO eston, S- C.— Prices l-H Tf 0D l-H a O a o com o o m m © m © r~ oo t-d d d d d d d c? m co i-h i-h in oo lo Tf Tf in in © © © o> d CO 00 © 00 d d © N © i> © 00 d d © © © © o Tf 00 to a © © in oo © Tf oo oo co © m © in © © d d d d d d d © co co © o in © in »n m m o in © Tf © d in m oo in LO © ri d m © in in 00 GO m o d d in in m m p< o © CO 00 to 6 o © t- © © © © OhooOOOh 1-H I-H —« I-H rH H d d d d d d d Tf CO OD © in © 00 Oi 00 t-» 00 00 00 00 © r-l d o »p 00 © lO 00 d d LO © iO t- «5 d © 00 © m Sp- d® S-ss © © CD p= Cr= p= £ » £ P. " £.2 S S Jh a.i2 5 "3 = © « o © ?S«OiOHiMtOI»00 CT^CTCOfrCcOTfOOOcTar s Is 3 ~ s 3 CT>050-rr-cCOr-lCT>TfCN S TfCOCiOTfCTCOrH CO pi The packages in which 3 the Foreign importatio the Manifests, in which "Other Liquors" are i Manifests. s gp tForeign. Gallon. Mto(Ort'fpM^iffiP(»»r-r-(Nfflow .icjco C35rHt-COOOOi-HfOOOOiTfi-i>OOt-TfO>0 i-h t-c» m ct q-^'f ■* l-^r;q55 cb co ^f h t-^tj 0 c^J. °° &ococo&in-^Oi^cnr*cooDo$coiai~co co 00 jr-cocNp-iupcoioioostp-^OOToorppiC^i-i , hw ^ % 6 O X lOTflOTfCNCMCOpfrHCTi OG0»005C0(MTfO(M»0 " ipoocqooootnoioot- Cii d 3 3 3 3 ThOC»iO reduc en from lead of a in the 3 3 3 3 3 nCOOWt'CiOMO'* hOOJOOpCOiOCCO 3 TfCTCTt-TfCOr-!pr-CD Ale and Beer. i impracticable t 3 are given as tak e that under the esignated as sue

i 3 s s » r-lfi»CSeOTfrHCOTft-CT S i-h QOCOOJCOOOr-iCOiO 1 I " I- 1 " 1" 1 ~ 1" IS (MMri e, rt M _ 3) '3 3 ■ aioo>ooioai>0(Nr-c»r-ooiQr-Mooc)iop>QN. -.ffifflpH(or-pooej^iO(oco(MM(MHio«ioo 3 i a n oon ^ -^ r- ^ t^ m o •* ^ to r; ^ « h q m co * ~j r£oiO?^^^<£cor^-^t~OiOi~c$c$&c*iavs*rii a,co-*' ts H w O * In the Coastwise Manifests, the weight is not specified. It was also found impossible to give the Brown and White Sugars of the Coast- wise importations separate, as they were not always distinguished in the Manifests; the boxes, therefore, under the " Coastwise and Total" heads are not to be considered as being all White Sugars. pj 1 3 n -fCOt-iOCOCSCTOOCO rHosr-iococopfooThas r^rHr^OCT_oqoquqoq 5 1 0) 'g o o V * w w pH ClH o o 1-3 Eh o Eh •d TflOTfrHrHtPCOOOCJiTf oco rHOlt-lOCDCOTfOOTfai i>i-h r^oCToqoquqoqo 'o6~COi-H~OCrCT g rH CT pHrHrHCTrHrH

0500tPCOCTCT"*050>0 ^ 00IT-TPrHC0»r500C0CTCT"~)CTO01xOt~rHTf00C0CT „ p^ o t^ ooo rococo ctco^ p^ o^ co o co rr oi r^coCT £ iococ7rrH~cc,efCT"co"i>©~pfco~^arcrco"TfCT~c6"c^i> * rHrHrHrHrHrHCTCTrHrH ^rtrH ^ 2 bo 3 COCTOrpCT05C-rHOOOC31COrHOCTTfpfCTCOOOi—1 CTp^OOTfpHCTCOrHCTrHOOpfOC730CT»005c75>ClCD CO^pf^iq^i^r^r^r-kOi_>OTfirH;0 O CO 00 O^ihMih o ct Oi o coc6~c6~rH~o6~oi~T?OTf(»i>odo?cnoocDrroo~co cocorpcoiOpfoop-icTJTfocorptpooioOCTJCppf TTTfrHrHl^(^p)HCO»OTfCOpfCOCTpr f"„ '"I *!."?. °°„ *,. °„ ^ M„ "l rt„ ^ w„ ® 9. ^ "i °^ M- "2-rt- a oTrtOCTcooo'»oooCTcor^ou^p^ofc£'r^pH"coCT»ci CTt~rHC001OPfC0t-C0r-00TflO00rHlfJt~00Tf»O $ oo a 'O ^ ® cs o^h h « ro « a* isffl is >j o^fl r; ■£ p^p^CTCTcfCT^CTCOCOCT^CTp^COCTCT p^i-hCT •£ 1 ooo30-HCTcopf>ocotpooa>oi-HCTcoTfiocot~oo CTCTcocococococococococoTfTfpfpfpf-r,pfTf-p( ooooaooooocooooooooooooooooooooooooocoooco ooc»OpiiMM-tiocor-coaopiCTm'tKnor«oo '~[ CTCTcocococococococococoTfpf-fTf-rTrTfTfTf 2 oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo p * 128 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Imports—continued. SALT. 1 LIVER "ORE1GN 1 COASTWISE. TOTAL. POOL. Cadiz, | LIVER- Cadiz, LIVERPOOL. Cadiz. Turks Is-' POOL. Turks Is- Turks Island Bushels of 56 lbs. *Reduc'd to Sacks. land, and other bulk Salt. Sacks. land and other bulk Salt. Sacks. and other Bulk Salt. Bushels. Bushels. Bushels. 1828 254,381 67,835 42,051 1829 317,745 84,732 58,618 1830 321,962 85,856 26,550 1831 290,316 77,418 51,480 1832 341.372 91,032 45,322 1833 323,134 86,169 20,191 1 1834 358,489 95,579 32,270 1835 227,650 60,707 40,077 1836 298,994 79,732 21,475 1837 278,623 74,300 21,092 1838 345,383 92,102 47,524 1839 315,882 84,235 37,779 3,320 18.660 87,555 56,439 1840 380,636 101,503 64,625 5,018 4,500 106,521 69,125 1841 196,990 52,531 26,859 500 - 53,031 26,859 1842 327,034 87,209 46,327 403 - 87,612 46,327 1843 338,332 90,222 58,182 870 1,138 91,092 59,320 1844 358,373 95,566 7,111 3,127 - 98,693 7,111 1845 399,432 106,515 60,256 5,718 - 112,233 60,256 1846 214,539 57,210 1,181 4,065 3,500 61,275 4,681 1847 303,053 80,814 22,796 630 - 81,444 22,796 1848 448,232 119,528 13,439 3,729 200 123,257 13,639 * These S acks are the exact i umber im ported, the calcujatit m having bee l adopted by which the ir voice is reduced lo I >ushels of X lbs., at the Custoi l House. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS. 129 Trade between Great Britain and the 13 Colonies, showing the Imports and Exports—Compiled from * Hazard's Commercial and Statistical Register. Year. SOUTH CAROLINA. ALL THE OTHUR COLONIES. £ £ £ £ Exports. 127374" Imports. 5,289 Exports. ~~ 267478 Imports. 1697 - - - 134,840 1698 - - - 9,265 18,462 216,790 439,635 1699 - - - 12.372 11,401 243,070 392,213 1700 - - - 14,058 11,003 380.963 333,338 1701 - - - 16,973 13,908 292,161 329,918 1702 - - - 11,870 10,460 323,918 176,349 1703 - - - 13,197 12,428 191,098 283,782 1704 - - - 14,067 6,621 307,905 169,467 1705 - - - 2,698 19,788 148,263 271.934 1706 - - - ! 8,652 4,001 178,42] ] 57,690 1707 - - - 23,311 10,492 261,487 402,752 1708 - - - 10,340 11,996 276,095 228,188 1709 - - - 20,431 28,521 304,103 241,075 1710 - - - 20,793 19,613 229,020 274.046 1711 - - - 12.871 20,406 311,827 277,220 1712 - - - 29,394 20,015 336,577 289,676 1713 - - - 32,449 23,967 270,773 260,589 ' 1714 - - - 31,290 23,712 364,484 309,731 1715 - - - 29,158 16,631 268,088 435,735 1716 - - - 46,287 27,272 378,102 374,770 1717 - - - 41,275 25,058 384,815 414,608 1718 - - - 46,385 15,841 411.086 409,492 1719 - - - 50,373 19,630 402,681 373,370 1720 - - . 62,736 18,290 405.452 301,414 1721 - - - 61,858 17,703 432,013 314,202 1722 - 79,650 34,374 358,046 390,351 1723 - - - 78,103 42,246 383,660 369,324 1724 - - - 90,504 37,839 372,177 423,745 1725 - - - 91,942 39,182 323,708 510,511 1726 - - - 93,453 43,934 432,850 529,363 1727 - - - 96,055 23,254 541,080 479,673 fl728 - - - 91,175 33,067 -314,149 484,794 1729 - - - H3,329 58,366 461,953 364,592 1730 - - - 151,739 64,785 420,846 472,075 1731 - - - 159,771 71,145 491,092 465,121 1732 - - - 126,207 58,298 392,829 472,955 1733 - - - 177,845 70,466 491,786 478,424 1734 - - - 120,466 99,658 490,884 456,617 1735 - - - 145,348 117,837 511,978 550,827 1736 - - - 214,083 101,147 485,681 576,477 1737 - - - 187,758 58,986 587,624 623,448 1738 - - - 141,119 87,793 479,093 663,477 1739 - - - 236,192 94,445 518,084 601,424 1740 - - - 265,560 181,821 451,856 631,561 1741 - - - 236,830 224,270 675,461 680,722 1742 - - - 154,607 127,063 504,620 672,989 1743 - - - 235,136 111,499 645,671 716,774 1744 - - - * 192,594 79,141 474,930 561,746 1745 - - - 91,847 86,815 462,584 448,438 The original Tables in Witworth's "Trade of On "History of Conimeire.'1 t The Colonies of North this vear. Hazard's Commercial and Statistical Register, were compiled from al Britain," Mcrhe^ion's "Annalsof Commerce," and Anderson'1:; and South Carolina "ere divided into seperate governments in 130 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Imports and Exports—continued. Years. SOUTH CAROLINA. ALL THE OTHER COLONIES. £ £ £ X Exports. Imports. Exports. 482,603 Exports. • 653,lT7~ 1746 - - - 76,897 102,809 1747 - - - 107,500 . 95,529 553,214 631,140 1748 - - - 167,305 160,172 549,321 670,261 1749 - - - 120,499 164,085 513,025 1,071,301 1750 - - - 191,607 134,037 623,159 1,180,046 1751 - - - 245,491 138,244 589,960 1,094,924 1752 - - - 288,264 150,777 715,918 997,350 1753 - - - 164,634 213,009 798,107 1,239,935 1754 - - - 307,238 149,215 700,521 1,027,064 1755 - - - 325,525 187,887 614,029 925,110 1756 - - - 222,915 181,780 436,437 1,170,398 1757 - - - 130,889 213,949 479,795 1,314,399 1758 - - - 150,511 181,002 520,209 1,531,885 1759 - - - 206,534 215,255 433,375 2,130,198 1760 - - - 162,769 218,131 598,330 2,393,633 1761 - - - 253,002 254,587 594,890 1,397,491 1762 - - - 181,695 194,170 560,937 1,183,990 1763 - - - 282,366 250,132 823,804 1,381,865 1764 - - - 341,727 305,808 768,945 1,945,102 1765 - - - 385,918 334,709 765,780 1,609,405 1766 - - - _ 293,587 296,732 750,371 1,507,601 1767 - - - 395,027 244,093 701,052 1,656,830 1768 - - - 508,108 289,868 743,346 1,867,380 1769 - - - 387,114 306,600 673,092 1,029,519 1770 - - - 278,907 146,273 736,628 1,779,298 1771 - - - 420,311 409,169 919,529 3,793,333 1772 - - - 425,923 449,610 832,592 2,563,025 1773 - - - 456,513 344,859 912,716 1,634,553 1774 - - - 432,302 378,116 941,544 2,212,321 1775 - - - 579,349 6,245 1,341,701 189,917 1776 - - - 13,668 - 90,296 55,415 _______Exports.__________________________ Table of Foreign Exports from South Carolina; of Foreign Imports into South Caro. lina, and of Duties collected on Imports; also Exports and Imports of the United States. 1st Oct. 1790 1791 " 1792 " 1793 1794 1795 " 1796 " 1797 " 1798 1799 « 1800 1801 " 1802 « 1803 " 1804 1805 « 1806 " 1807 " 1808 " 1809 " 1810 " 1811 « 1812 « 1813 to 30th Sept. 1791 " 1792 " 1793 " 1794 " 1795 " 1796 1797 " 1798 " 1799 " 1800 " 1801 " 1802 " 1803 " 1804 " 1805 " 1806 1807 " 1808 " 1809 " 1810 " 1811 " 1812 " 1813 " 1814 DOMESTIC PRODUCE. In American Vessels. In Foreign Vessels. Total Domes- tic Produce. 6,863,343 5,142,100 5,957,646 6,797,064 7,129,365 1,404,043 2,861,369 4,881,840 4,650,984 2,024,834 2,915,035 736,471 FORE1CN PRODUCE. In American Vessels. Year of ■ Years of In Foreign Vessels. Embargo. War. Total Foreign Produce. Total Exports oi Domestic and Foreign Produce. 947,765 2,309,516 3,108,979 2,946,718 3,783,199 260,402 385,972 408,774 210,295 11,861 53,449 1,428 $ 2,693,268 2,428,250 3,191,867 3,867,908 5,998,492 7,620,049 6,505,118 6,994,179 8,729,015 10,663,510 14,304,045 10,639,365 7,811,108 7,451,616 9,066,625 9,743,782 10,912,564 1,664,445 3,247,341 5,290,614 4,861,279 2,036,695 2,968,484 737,899 ]32 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. <~^OTCOCTO©pH©-fCTCTCOrHCTCOrHi—IrHlOOQCOCO—< © CO Oi Tf' CT©rHC0C7iPt,rHCTrH00TfC0CDrH00C0OC0CTt^r-irpCOl'-CTC000 pfcqcqt^oi >o co oo^©t-^©>ot>^cqCT L^co^i^p^cqr-^cqpfrp^oj »ra o? of © o ct" ©' © oo" pf co Tf" ct © >o i> o ct -f r> oo" -f © ct >o co co' r-Tft-.TH>O00©C0a)C.'3iOi0CTOt-CTlr-i0C0©C000CN-f00C0Tt cqoqco^pf^CToo^CTCT^oqooocoorHcq^r^T^CT^coco^CT^ co" o" d~ m" oo" oo" ^ t-" cd~ oo rn f" co~ co qd r- co" r- co pT pi" m pi" h d o" 03 -a '- H fa, EhTJ „ p 2£ CO CO O Tf CT — (0-xtHO05t-O>O(MOOC000C0 00 00CSCBC»-tlMJff) Ttior-coaioaiiorcocoi-coTfpH05ffi^HHrtcor-oioai CO rH CT CO rH_ Tf OT OJ_ 00 CO CT © OrH O^CTlOCO CO OJ L^ CO rH cq co^ t> co © co 06" CO CD ct of CO CO © ©" 10" co" ct" © CO CO co" co 06" CO r-T r-T -rf CO" »C5 rH ©©CT"-JC00>C0CTCTO0000C0TfTfTfTfC0C:00pHO00CTCD>0C0 rHTfTfCTCTrHCOr-lCTCTrH r^ rHCT ^3 s pHC0OiCDrp©00t-CO©CO00COCTiTfTf»OCOC7>TfrH lOOCOt-COr-OHt>3(N(MCOMMHlQCOCOCOO'* 01 cnoi th o^ffi t-roiH 01 o»oio o^ihco a co^ococq r^rH"oc6"©"p^OCT'rH"rH"r-Tco"cOC?fTfoD~COTfrp"pfr^ ©TfcOTfCOCTTf (N « M f! >Q "Q W (M O H rH OrHrPCO©©tPlOTfOCO©t-TfTP>OTfCOlOa>rH Tf»T5pfC72000lCCTl>a3rpCOtprp©COCOrHrHTf»0 cqr-^oq—^ rn_ <-<_ co^ ct t- ct,o co o^a^cqo^o^cqicjr-^© »o" of O Tf" o" m" n" cT O)" rf «5 m «" >o" oT m" t- o" ffirT rf OIQOOOCTCDCXiCOrHCTrHrHTfCOtprpCTrHlCSTfCq CT rH rH rH rH COC0000005iOCOOOCOOCDCO©CDpHlOCOCTiOOOt~CTrHCTCOCN 'p-*03Cti«ricorarHr-coo)t"t-(Moci5Htoo)'005ffi(MHCii ^o^co^CT^^ooco^c^ir^Ti^o^Tf "q co 00 co 00 00 oi_ t^ cq co 00 © co co"Tf Tf pf o r-^co phnco"cd00"01 00"pf o"oo"ic r-^oTTf ct" 00" t> 06" rH"rH pfTf00rHO5COCOr~COt-CO00©CO00OQ00COi-HCTO0COrHrH00rH ^o^r-^ocqoqr-^cqcq^oqTfp^iOrHioioco corn ct TfrH ooqo o oi r-t 00 oo"co r^co"r^o"r^o6"coo6"t-^co"r^o6"i-^rp"c^i-rrH"©"o^oo if .; S ~o O m &J o ^ C000C0>OTfC0rHOlr-C0>OCTCTTfOC000Oin©rH TfC75C00005CTC75rpOOpHpHCP)OOOOCOCOpHOOt-CcorpcoTf©rH©©coco T^CTp^p^o^C^CTCT^CO^©©CO©00CTrHiOTfC75CTTl< 1 CT CT CT CT Ci" -h cT" C-f CT CT CT CO of CO Tf Tf pf CO CO CT of CT00>O00r-fOlC>©CD00©rp©rH00TfTf-Hl^C0rH ipcocooiooTf©©Gooc7>pfrHooc7)CnCToocoTfr~ cT^OTf^o^p^cqoqo^L^ipcortOCT^cocoCTOocqiqoi «"5 oi" r-" co" co" o" m" p" rf r-" «" ih o" >d 00" xf 00" O rf d Ol" I C002C0COO00C0CT00rHC0CTC0>OrPt~CTrHrHlf5r- T^cx^o^cqcqp^o^o^t-^io^pf^cqCT ct as co co co Tf r-o 1 TfTfTfoccufoTfo^TfTf»or^cdofcdir-co"t'-~>o> ocor~xai©rHCT©rH ™™™£r^!S£!SS^^^1^^^rocococococococococoTfTt< oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooocooooo P-lrHrHrHrprHrHMrHrHrHrHrHrHr-lrHrHrHrHi-Hi-lrHi-HrHrHrHrH 72 Z,S2^22Sp^p3J2^lo0^(^|w,*'«cot-ooo5c Exports—Continued. DOMESTIC PRODUCE. FOREIGN PRODUCE. Total Exports ot Domestic and In American In Foreign Total Domes- In American In Foreign Vessels. Vessels. tic Produce. Vessels. Vessels. Produce. Foreign Produce. 1st Oct. 1841 to 30th Sept. 1842 5,097,933 2,410,466 7,508,399 6,573 10,751 17,324 7,525,723 « 1842 " 30th June 1843 5,034,953 2,719,199 7,754,152 2,249 4,408 6,657 7,760,809 1st July 1843 " " 1844 3,202,386 4,227,199 7,429,585 871 2,826 3,697 7,433,282 " 1844 " " 1845 6,669,848 2,214,922 8,884,770 585 5,293 5,878 8,890,648 " 1845 " " 1846 4,610,505 2,219,030 6,829,535 2,367 16,575 18,942 6,848,477 " 1846 " 1847 6,058,387 4,369,759 10,428,146 475 2,896 3,371 10,431,517 " 1847 " " 1848 4,583,022 3,498,895 8,081,917 8,081,917 The foregoing statements of the value of Exports and the succeeding table of Im ports, from 1790 to 1817, have been taken from " Seybert's Statistical Annals of the Uni- ted States." From 1818 to 1833, are from " Pitkin's Statistical View of the United States, 2d edition; from 1833 to 1848, are from Official Documents. The Duties collected on Imports, with the Exports and Imports of the United States from 1790 to 1837, are from " Hazard's Commercial and Statistical Register;" and from 1838 to 1848, from several reliable sources. 134 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. ©OOTfCO©OOOOrHCOCD©©0©©©00©©©*f©00 ©coco©©pfcorHcocDoo©©o©©©ooorp©o© o CTrH Tf c~ph r- ic co cq©o © ©.© ©.© cq © cq ©^ ct_ o cq © cfcoc6"o^r-^ooofcoco"coooo"©©o© o©>d>cirA co" o" o" ooMc-iocoiocowcooooofflooonoco-toioio cq^ t^ Tf co >o q « q q q q q q « q rf -f •* q q q q « « r; gcc © © © © © o © © © © © © © © © CT»T5 rH of rH rH IO CO CO Tfo^rH"oco"cfrH~rTcd-'f"»ocfara^oarioco"rSofo r-COCOCTCTOOiOOOO^OLpCTrHpHTfOiCM COCDOOt-CDt^OirH * Oi C003COOiTf©tp»OrHU->CO©03COCDCO©COrpCOlPlfSI>l> »O©CT00COiOCTCOt-rH00©OiCOC0TfCO©»Oi-HCT»OCT»O t-^r-^o oqcqoqio cqoqr^Tf^oqcqo^^cqTf^o^r^cqiooqcqo ©cdco"t^t^co"pH~oo©Tfofot^irirHooofofcorH CTCTcoTfcoocot-t-ait-iot-ai©©CT»ocococoCT »c CT Oi CO "5 CO CO Tf O rH © M ph" ct fee oicq oj rn'r-M oo oo oi wL'C6r-'HCCTi,oic^r-i>cor-c^OiOT)iioco CTC00irH00rH00c0©©>0©C0CD©C0OiOC00i00»Ot-Tf©t-Tfo Ki « m r-f "* ctco qqc^iqooqcocoqTjuococoTfcJiH ■*"*'-;« & rH ofofofrH HiHIHiH l-fpHr-TrH 3 —

a, p|6 £ ■ ■ • i i O Jg fa. o 3 1 • 1 6 be Sh c3 rO S pi i i fi CO .p « C to - a> <5> c 3 1 1 . O pi 03 0) rH > Years of ■ , rHCTOOTf^COt'OOC7i©rHCTCOTfir3COt-"OOOiOrHCTCOTflC5COt"00 olCnOOiOCSOlffirooOOOOOOOOOHHHHHHiHHH t-t-r-r'r-r-r'ft-cocococoMcoooMoooocooooococooooocooo 02 3 3 3 O rH CT Oi Oi Oi r- t- f %%^^^?ooiOr4aoOi(-><->t-!>l>t-000000000000000000000000000000000000 FOREIGN COMMERCE, &c. 135 »OtpOOTftpOTfCOrHCTCT>01r~TfoiCit-t-C5i»r5Tft-0000 iprpCOCTOlCTCOCOrHCOTfCOrHOCO-Ht-OOOiCOCOOiCOCT cqTfooqiqcqrHCT qqt*„ow Tf iriq rtqr-qqr-qq ©TfTfofcfcoi-Hofoor-Txff©c5i'r^ofrHCDofcooTfi^»o Tfrp00O0itpOiCTrHCTOi0000rH0iTfTfC0if3C0»f50iTf0i qqTfqTf oo_tH o rniqco^cjqo^r^OrHO^i^i^Tfo^cqicsoi coTfo^ooTf©co^co"cb"ofo^©co"oft^r^©Tfooi^rHco"Tf 0i00t^G0I>t-O©©CTTf00TfrHCD©CT©C0©rHCTTf»O © O Tf © © OI © O 1> >6" © >o OI IO OD p^Tf >q r-^" Tf of oo t- co Hhh Tf CO © »qo^cq •—t Oi Oi Tf rp Tf OT_ >q»q co ip© co i- oo rH Oi CT oi co oo iqcqco of rH pf Tf Oi fp rH CO Oi rH O Ip oo co m OI ©CD © 0? co CO Oi 00 h qq of Tf >0 r- t- r- oooirpcOpHoocococococ^ocococococoTfocococooico GOCTCT00t-©COTfCOr-lPTfIr-pHrHPfl©CO0OTf©rHO1CO cqcqoqcqcqiq^iqoqTf^cqiqcqco cqTfoqoqoTfocqcqcqTf »o lO rf -f oo of © co © co co co of co oo »0 -r-^ rH co © co oo" co" co" cooiCTcoiOpt*rHrpTfcooicorHooCToo»ooiTfopfoo'-fco "qiqcooi,co °°.^""i.rt ^ ^ ^^ ■** °^c^09.':i?.'^I,<:>lc:2.'*.':o^<^. ofi^ofofofco^r^©TfrH"ctfi>ci6"r-rofi-^TfTfrH"Tfeoco"Tf Oit-00t-t-t~G000Oi©CTCTrH©CTCOO1©00pHrHrHiO»O ' >_^ \^f "^ uj w'J ±'J \—r ^r '—' '—' *w .^ ^J' w V."* ~vr *w ^J coco"^Tf~u-fofpH"co"ofcf©"r^^co"pH"c^co"ofo^ci"co"oo"crf»o —irHOiCiCOcOCOt^OiiOOiOiOOI©iO»OOOCOOiiOCOTfOTfOiOiOOOOCT COCOiOr-fr-COiOiQTfTfTfiOOTfTfTf(OTfiOCOMTfCiJMTfcO(MWM COCDrHlOrPCOCOOOOOOiCOlO»Ot~«~)rHOrHrP©rHlOOilOOOCOOOOi rH00©00Oi00©TfrHpHCOCT©CO©COCOOitPr-C0CO©rHlOC0»O0i t ''J. 1 'i 'l t, t °„ ^ ^ 11"„ t"„ 'lw. M„ * "^ °„ ^ H ^ ^ "11 ''I ^ n. r^co"ofco"cf-f-fofofTfoocor^r^rH"^©cxfcooo!>c^ ©00^C0 0jC0C0pfC0vOC0pHrH000i©rHi-H00iO»Ox00iC0Tfo0000 ° cm Tf_ r-^ oo^ »o Tf ct p-i o ct ct >o r^oqoq^i^cqcqocqoir^r-^Oi io^f M « Ci" Cl" "" rn" rt rt" rt" rl" rH iH ih" rt" H tf if CT «" Ol" rH rH rn~ rl" rt" rHrH C0 00 00rHC0rHC0OC0OCTO100CTrH0iCTrpCT00CDrHC0»OC0Olt-rH CTrPOiOlCOCOOirHrHCOOit~rHOit~TfOOO-fCOtPTflOlOTfTfTfCO ' »o Tf co © oi oi »o co © oo cj^ir^cqxqcqoc^cqTfTfTfp^ocT^cqo^rp^o of 10" ©" co" Tf of -p~o6~pH"co"Tf>rfoo"r^©"^ofco^co"c^t-~©"Go"of<3i oo Oi 1 rHOCT©CT00C00iC0©00rHCiOC00000r^l^01C0rHrHC0©C0t-C0 CTt~00t-»OC0C0C0COC0C0CD>OOit-©00Tf00TfC0C0CTC0CT coco ©oocoTfrHoi©oooioii—icor-»OTfCTooTfiooi»OTfco©iOTfrHoo Oi©©CDCOOrHCOOCOr^^C»t^COrHt^OOCOCOlOCT»OCOrHOirHCO > io r^ Tf _ c^CT^Tfcqr^^oq©cqTfc»oqTfcqTfOTTfcqooqCT r~ oo"oo co~oo"io of oo" oo" r-^ co" t^" of of r-Tio ©"of ©"wrf t~ ct Tf ct © co -h >o ' OOr-ffiCOCOTfr-Tft-TflOOHt-MrlffU'rlMHTfCOlJiTfCOOir r- io xs * « h 0,00 r- t- oo o o co it^qqNqNqqt- o oo (M„h , rt rH rH rH rH rH 1-T rHr-TrHrHCTrHrHrHrH rHrH fflOpC^mxfloco^l»moH(aMxfwco^»oao-NcoT)lfflmhoo rHr^OIOICTOICTOlCTCTCTCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO^TfTfTfTf^^^-rj oooortciMTfocDhcooo-iCTMxii'w^tcoaorHOiMTfiatot: S^CTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOMCOTfTfT^ oooooooocccooooocooooocoaocooooooooooqoqoqoqoq»ccoo 136 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. SLAVE TRADE. The following Statistics of the Slave Trade at Charleston from 1804 to 1807, are taken from the speech of the Hon. Judge Smith, Senator from South Carolina, delivered in the Senate of the United States on 8th December, 1820. " In the year 1804, the ports of South Carolina, by an act of its Legislature, under the permission of the Constitution of the United States, were opened for the importations of Africans. They remained open four yeais. During that time there were two hundred and two vessels entered the port of Charleston, with African ***** " He wrote to a friend in Charleston, to apply to the Custom House Officers for a full statement of all the ships engaged in that trade during the four years. ********* In answer to his request, he had received from the Custom House books, from the hand of the Collector, the following authentic documents." 1804. Veisele. Where owned. Country of the Proprietor of the Cargo. Aurora, Charleston, - New England. Ann, British, Scotland. Easter, " - " Brilliant, it Rhode Island. Armed Neutrality, Charleston, - Great Britain. Argo, - - Rhode Island, Ireland. Thomas, - British, Great Britain* Horizon, Charleston, « Harriot, French, u Eliza, Rhode Island, - .. Alexander, Charleston, - a Francis, u a Christopher, British, u Favorite, Rhode Island, - K M'Lespine, British, u Susanna, Charleston, - New England, Great Britain, Active, British, Hamilton, a a. Ruby, Charleston, M Mary, Norfolk, i( SLAVE TRADE. 137 1805. Vessel. Where owned. Perseverance, British, Kitty, - Charleston, Lupin, British, Mary Huntley, " Gov. Wentworth, - " Experiment, u Eagle, Rhode Island, Neptune, c Fanny, - British, - Thomas, Charleston, - Nile, «' Recourse, British, - Isabella, - u Armed Neutraity, - Charleston, - Susanna, it Love & Unity, British, Jack Park, u Manning, 1' Juliet, Rhode Island, Margaret, British, Louisiana, Rhode Island, Ariel, British, Estor, - ii Margaret, - " Hiram, - Rhode Island, Louisiana, British, Maria, " - . Hambleton, - i< Rambler, - Rhode Island, William, British, 1806. Ariel, British, Mary, - " Daphna, Charleston, Carie, British, America, <• Davis, - Charleston Lydia, .. Dudton, British, Amazon, - i* Fair American, Charleston, Miller, " Edward & Edmund, u Factor, Rhode Island, Louisa, u Commerce, - ii Gustavus, - Swede, Country of the Proprietor of the Cargo. Great Britain. Charleston. Rhode Island. Great Britain. Rhode Island. Great Britain. Rhode Island. Great Britain. it Rhode Island. Great Britain. Rhode Island. Great Britain. Rhode Island. Great Britain. n Rhode Island. Great Britain. Great Britain. New Jersey. Great Britain. Rhode Island. Ireland. Great Britain. Rhode Island. Charleston. J 38 CENSUS OP CHARLESTON. Vessel. Where owned. Country of the Proprietor of the Cargo. Neptune, Rhode Island, - Rhode Island. Robert, British, Great Britain. Polly, - Rhode Island, - Rhode Island. Hiram, k . it Samuel, British, - . New Jersey. Love & Unity, - - f Rhode Island. Three Sisters, Rhode Island, - tt Hector, British, Great Britain. Ruby, - Charleston, tt Farmer, tt it Maria, Rhode Island, - Rhode Island. Ceres, British, Great Britain. Independence, Baltimore, Rhode Island. Hibernia, British, Great Britain. Alert, n it Agent, Rhode Island, - - Rhode Island. Mary, Charleston, - Great Britain. Three Friends, British, it Fair Eliza, - Rhode Island, it Fox, Charleston, Rhode Island. Kitty, t> Charleston. Hope, - Rhode Island, Rhode Island. Hope, Charleston, Ireland. Nantasket, u Great Britain. John Watson, - British, it Gov. Dodsworth, - u ti Mary Ann, " i< Diana, u ti Davenport, " New Jersey. Corydon, it Great Britain. Kate, k it Mercury, Charleston, - it Union, ■ British, tt Washington, Rhode Island, - ti Louisa, - it r Rhode Island. Nicholson, - British, - Great Britain. Edward & Edmund, Charleston, - t< Mercury, British, It Little Ann. Rhode Island, Charleston. Margaret, - British, -1807. Great Britain. Katy, Charleston, Great Britain. James, - British, it Eliza, Charleston, Rhode Island. Cleopatra, it Great Britain. Union, Rhode Island, - Rhode Islaad. Tartar, - British, Great Britain. Maria, « tt James, - Baltimore, - Massachusetts. SLAVE TRADE. 139 Vessel. Where owned. Mary, British, - Aspinal, - it James, Rhode Island, Norfolk, • Charleston, - Fourth of July, British, - Dudder, ft Habit, French, - Agent, Rhode Island, Eliza, Charleston, Ann, - British, Ellis, u Andromache, Rhode Island, Gov. Clairborne, u Hiram, t« Semiramis, it Neptune, it Nancy, - tt Minerva, Charleston, - Columbia, Rhode Island, Factor, tt Lavinia, ft Leander, - Charleston, - Daphney, u Vulture, Rhode Island, Africa, - British, Three Friends, ft Eliza, Rhode Island, Lark, - it Alfred, ii Louisa, - Charleston, Hiram, Rhode Island, Concord, n Friendship, • " Flora, it Ann & Harriot, if Monticello, - ft Amazon, - British, - Baltimore, - Rhode Island, Juliet, " Miriam, British, Heron, - Connecticut, Ruby, Charleston, Three Sisters, - Rhode Island, Betsy & Sally, tt Armed Neutrality, - Charleston, Anna, t< John, British, - Nantasket, - Charleston, Gov. Clinton, - ii Eagle, Rhode Island, Country of the Proprietor of the Cargo. Rhode Island. Great Britain. Charleston. Ireland. Charleston. Great Britain. France. Rhode Island. Great Britain. Rhode Island. France. Rhode Island. France. Rhode Island. Great Britain. Rhode Island. Great Britain. ii Rhode Island. Great Britain. Rhode Island. Great Britain. Rhode Island. it France. Ireland. Great Britain. Rhode Island. Great Britain. France. Great Britain. it France. Rhode Island. 140 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Vessel. Where owned. Country of the Proprietor of the Cargo. Port Mary, Charleston, Great Britain. Eliza, tt Charleston. Mary, - Rhode Island, Rhode Island. Eagle, it tt Actor, - Charleston, Ireland. Hanna Bartlet, - - Charleston, Rhode Island. Mary, - tt _ . . tt Edward & Edmund, it . tt Charleston, " Great Britain. Experience, Boston, Rhode Island. Rambler, Rhode Island, - tt Eliza, British, ti Cleopatra, - Charleston, Great Britain. Hope, Rhode Island, - - Rhode Island. Charlotte, - tt it Albert, - Charleston, South Carolina. Commerce, - Rhode Island, - - Rhode Island. Hope, Charleston, - Massachusetts. Wealthy Ann, " Rhode Island. Columbia, Rhode Island, - - it Angenora, - tt i. Mercury, British, - Ireland. Venus, Charleston, Rhode Island. Agent, - - " France. Gen. Clairborne, - " it James, Rhode Island, Rhode Island. Resolution, Charleston, Great Britain. William & Mary, tt tt Caroline, French, France. Polly, Charleston, Charleston. Jupiter, - Norfolk, Great Britain. Heart of Oak, Baltimore, - Rhode Island. Horizon, British, - u Mary Ann, Charleston, - it Mary Ann, - Baltimore, Rio, Charleston, Charleston. Sally, - - « it The particulars i above are given i according to the printed copy, in which there appear to have been some few typographical errors.—[Note by Compiler. SLAVS WtAfift 141 RECAPITULATION* Of the African Trade, and by what nations supported, from 1st January, 1804, to 31st December, 1807. Consignees, Natives of Charleston, 13 " " Rhode Island,88 " " Britain, 91 " " France, 10 Total, - - 202 Vessels belonging to Charleston, - 61 Rhode Island, - 59 Baltimore, - 4 Boston, - 1 Norfolk, - - 2 Connecticut, - 1 Sweden, - - 1 Britain, 70 France, 3 Total, - 202 Whole number of Slaves imported, and the particu> lar number imported by each foreign nation, and each of the United States (into Charleston.) British, - - - *19,649 French, - - - *i,078----21,027 In American Vessels, Charleston, South Carolina, Belonging to Foreigners, 5,717 Imported by Merchants and Planters of Charleston and vicinity, 2,006—7,723 Bristol, " 3,914^1 Newport, 3,488 1 Providence, 556 j Warren, 280 J Rhode Island, 8,238 Baltimore, 750 Savannah, 300 Norfolk, 287 Hartford, 250 Boston, 200 Philadelphia, 200 New Orleans, - 100 18,048 Total, . - - 39,075 * There is a tppograpbical error of 300 in one of these two amounts in the original pam- phlet, which we have aot felt authorised to alter, aa it waa doubtful l* wkicfc aaatuat t» awk» ttui alteration. 10 142 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. "Here, Sir, ends the, black catalogue. It would "shew to the Senate, that those people who most de- "precatethe evils of slavery and traffic in human flesh, "when a profitable market can be found, can sell hu- "man flesh with as easy a conscience as they sell other "articles. The whole number imported by the Mer- "chants and Planters of Charleston and its vicinity, "were only two thousand and six. Nor were the slaves "imported by the Foreigners, and other American veg- "sels and owners, sold to the Carolinians, only in part. "They were sold to the people of the Western States, "Georgia, New Orleans, and a considerable quantity "were sent to the West Indies; especially when the "market became dull in Carolina." NOTE BY THE COMPILER. It would appear from the foregoing, that of these importations of Slaves into Charleston, there were im- ported By natives of Countries } Foreigners, 21,027 and places now repudi- > Citizens of ating slavery. ) U. States, 14,605—35,632 By citizens of the Slave-holding States, 3,443 Total, 39,075 Judge Smith's speech also contains much matter upon the constitutional admission of the institution of Slavery by the Federal Constitution, and also by the Constitu- tions of many of the now non-slave-holding States, which is worthy of revival. TRADE OF CHARLESTON. 143 TRADE OF CHARLESTON. In closing the foregoing tables, the enquiry naturally presents itself, what has been, and what is now the po- sition occupied by the trade of Charleston? In examining the tables showing the value of Foreign importations, we cannot flatter ourselves that this par- ticular branch of our Commerce is an improving one, although it is believed there is no just ground for dis- couragement. It is not designed here to enter upon the discussion of the merits of a direct trade over Coastwise impor- tations, but simply to show that the Import trade of Charleston is an increasing one. With this point in view, the consideration is, what principal articles of Commerce, not produced by ourselves, are wanted? and, are those articles mainly the domestic production of the United States, or, of Foreign produce? In the articles of cured provisions and meats, there is no room for improvement in a Foreign trade, for the United States are large producers beyond the wants of the home market. In Flour and Breadstuff's, the United States are large exporters, and our supply is naturally derived from the abundance at home. In Groceries, the leading articles given in the foregoing tables exhibit; that in the imports of Wines and Liquors the Foreign trade of Charleston has decreased, with an increase in the Coastwise trade. In Sugars and Mo- lasses, both the Foreign and Coastwise trade has in- creased. In Salt, the Foreign trade has increased, whilst the Coastwise trade in the article never has been an item of any consequence. In Coffee, it will be seen that in both the Foreign and Coastwise imports, the trade has been a fluctuating one, with an increase in the Foreign trade in the last few years, and also an increase 144 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. in the aggregate imports in the same time. If the arti- cle of Fuel is considered, much of the supply needed in Charleston, which was formerly of Foreign import, is now drawn from the Coal mines of Pennsylvania, If manufactures of Cotton are taken, there is no room for improvement in a Foreign trade, for the Cotton manu- factures of the United States have competed success- fully with Foreign manufactures all over the world, and that the bulk of the imports into Charleston of this de- scription of goods should be of American manufacture is not surprising; besides that the Factories of Georgia and South Carolina have not only supplied this market with Cotton Osnaburgs and goods of that description to the extent of its wants, but have also furnished large quantities for Coastwise, and some for Foreign export through this port; in this description of goods this mar- ket is monopolized by the Southern Factories. In Hardware and Cutlery—the manufactures of Axes and Cutlery of that description, in the United States, have improved to such an extent, as entirely to have superce- ded Foreign importations, and our supply is drawn from this source ; in other articles under this head, we are informed by those engaged in this department of business, that the Foreign importations into Charleston have undergone considerable improvement. In manu- factures of wood, a Foreign trade could scarcely have been expected to sustain a competition with the domes- tic manufactures of a forrest country, abounding with almost every variety of lumber wanted for the manu- facture of the various utensils and purposes to which wood is applied. In manufactures of Hemp, which were formerly of extensive importations into Charleston from abroad, the Cotton bagging of Kentucky and Western manufactures has almost superceded Foreign importations, except for the finer goods used in packing TRADE OF CHARLETON. 145 the Sea Island Cotton; the Rope walks of the United States have also become the source of supply for the largest portion of our wants. In articles of woollen manufacture, we have not the materials by which a com- parison of our Foreign trade can be made, but it is a well established fact, that the mixed wool and cotton goods of both Northern and Southern manufacture, have to a considerable extent taken the place of the coarse woollen goods, which were formerly largely im- ported from foreign countries as articles of clothing for the field laborers of our own and adjoining States, which were supplied through this market. The Northern woollen factories are also now supplying this market, to some extent, with coarser goods, manufactured from the wool imported from South America, and with some finer goods from the wool of the North Western States. In silk and other foreign articles of necessity or luxury, we are again deficient in the materials for comparison, but tho increased selection of these commodities now afforded by our merchants, will have attracted the atten- tion of the most common observer. It is much to be regretted that the value of the coast- wise imports into Charleston cannot be ascertained; but that there has been much improvement in this re- spect, will appear from the consideration of many evi- dences around us, some of which will be enumerated. Within three years, four Steam Ships have been placed in the coasting trade, and are well supported; besides that, three or more are now building, and will, ere long, be added to them : the employment of seventy vessels, with an aggregate of over 20,000 tons, as regular trad- ers in the coastwise trade with the seaports of the other States, and during the business season, the ed- mands of this trade constantly call for the additional employment of transient vessels also: the increased 146 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. total arrivals at. this port of shipping exhibited in the foregoing tables of monthly arrivals: the increased bu- siness of the wholesale dry goods and provision mer- chants, which has been a subject of common remark: the published statistics of the Rail Road (the outlet for a considerable portion of the imports into the city,) show, that with reduced rates of freight, their carrying trade upwards is a growing one, which is dependent mainly upon the increased importations of the city. In examining the coastwise manifests at the Custom House, for 10 years, to obtain the particulars given under that head in the tables of imports of Wine, Liquors, Sugars, &c. &c, these manifests were found to have increased very considerably in the quantity and variety of the merchandise brought to this port: the increase in this particular was strikingly marked. But let the imports into Charleston come from what source they may, they must be regulated by the means we have of returning their value, and for this purpose the main dependence is upon the Receipts of Cotton and Rice. If those receipts diminish, it will affect our imports; if those receipts increase, the universal course of trade will increase our imports to supply whatever section of country we are indebted to for those receipts. It remains, therefore, to consider this branch of our trade. The receipts of Upland Cotton into Charleston will be found to vary considerably in each year, and not in proportion to the Upland crops of the United States. This variation is at once accounted for in the fact, that the receipts at Charleston are dependent upon the Up- land crops of the four Atlantic States of North, and South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. It is not infrequently the case that the Western and Gulf States make large crops, whilst the season has TRADE OF CHARLESTON. 147 been unfavorable in the Atlantic States; and even with an unfavorable season in both sections, the more exten- sive and undivided cultivation of Upland Cotton in the former, produces, under such circumstances, a smaller variation in proportion, in the Western and Gulf crops, than in the Atlantic States, where the Corn, Lumber and Turpentine interests of North Carolina, and the Rice and Sea Island Cotton of Georgia, and South Carolina, divide the agricultural interests of the Atlantic section. To illustrate this fact, and to show what proportion of the Upland crop of the four Atlantic States, and of the Sea Island and Rice crops, are received at Charles- ton, the following tables are given. October to September, 1834-5 1835-6 1836-7 1837-8 1838-9 1839-40 1840-1 1841-2 1842-3 1843-4 1844-5 1845-6 J 846-7 1847-8 " " August, September to " Crops of the lTnited States. 1,229,677 1,335,174 1,400,705 1,783,808 1,344,240 2,151,280 1,614,680 1,663,113 2,354,584 2,011,271 2,366,031 2,070,336 1,757,546 2,325,909 Trade of Charleston. I'PLAND COTTON Crops ot the tour Atlantic States. 513,029 612,459 534,818 720,783 493,246 724,006 449,210 595,375 797,717 694,823 904,447 563,949 700,149 651,176 Receipts at Charles- ton. 189,386 228,548 188,469 286,866 203,977 287,317 209,653 255,439 339,233 296,142 401,221 245,211 353,587 *269,908 Pro'pn in 100 bales of Rec'ts at Charleston upon crop of Atlantic States 36T92- 37.32 35.24 39.80 41.35 39.68 46.67 42.90 42.53 42.62 44.36 43.48 50.50 41.45 SKA ISLAND COTTON. Crops. 2Ajm 25,551 22,225 17,689 16,292 26,555 20,265 20,461 24.291 19,138 28,472 30.201 21,105 21,725 Receipts at Charles- ton. 15,265 16,534 16,768 12,862 11,756 18,353 14,063 13,731 17,666 15,680 21,499 20,696 14,457 *1 3,506 Pro'pn in ]()( bales of Re- ceipts upon crop. 61.91~ 64.71 75.45 72.71 72.16 69.11 69.40 67.11 72.73 81.93 75.51 68.53 68.50 62.17 RICE. Receipts Pro'pn in 101 Crops. at Charles- tierces of Re- ton. ceipts upon crop. 151,000 124,250 82.28 168,851 133,533 79.08 150,958 119,917 79.44 119,341 90,385 75.74 136,583 106,001 77.61 140,243 107,108 76.37 140,421 107,052 76.24 150,422 117,994 78.44 175,049 136,733 78.68 176,293 135,561 76.90 160,597 117,939 73.44 156,928 111,407 70.99 192,462 146.260 75.99 170,771 126,673 74.18 * The extremely low point to which Cotton fell during this year, consequent upon the troubled state of European affairs, kept much of the crop of South Carolina from being brought into the market, and hence the diuiiuuiiou of receipts during this year. POST OFFICE. ]49 POST OFFICE. Statement of the Net amount of postages received at the Post Office at Charleston, S. C, during certain periods between the years 1794 and 1848. In 1794 the nott Revenue to the Department was . $1,968 67 1795 do do . 2,587 57 1800 do do . 7,078 41 1805 do do . 10,553 48 1810 do do . 12,012 03 1832 do do . 28,945 89 1833 do do . 30,097 85 1834 do do . 32,244 18 1837 do do . 47,978 25 1838 do do . 50,414 33 1839 do do . 47,989 92 1840 do do . 47,816 66 1841 do do . 45,838 05 1842 do do . 46,623 03 1843 do do . 45,281 37 1844 do do . 46,949 54 1845 do 1st Jan. to 1st. July . 24,132 72 a do 1st July to 31st December . 9,786 52 1846 do do . 22,777 53 1847 do do . 27,249 88 1848 do do . 29,711 87 From the foregoing statement it will appear, that be- tween the years 1800 and 1810 the increase of postage was about 70 per cent. From 1810 to 1838 [a period of 28 years] 320 per cent., or over 110 per cent, in every 10 years. The maximum amount received for one year was in 1838, which amounted to $50,414 33-100. The increase this year was, no doubt, owing to the heavy transactions in our staples. Since that year the receipts have decreased—the heighest receipt being in 1839,$ 47,989 92-100, and the lowest, up to 30th June, 1845, [$45,281 37-100-] This falling off* may be attributed to the subsequent state of com- mercial affairs, upon which depends the amount of reve- nue accruing to the Post Office Department. It may be interesting to know what portion of the revenue is 20 ] 50 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. paid by the Commercial part of the community. Du- ring the last quarter, ending 31st March, 1849, the net amount due to the General Post Office was $8,160; of which the sum of $4,380 was paid by 121 Merchants and Factors, who keep a monthly account of postages. In July 1845 the cheap rates of postages were adopt- ed, the old rates having been 25, 18 3-4,12 1-2, 10 and 6 cents, an aggregate of 72 cents; whilst the new are 10 and 5 cents, an aggregate of 15 cents. Since that period up to the 31st December, 1848, the increase has been 52 per cent., and no doubt can be entertained that in the course of a very few years, the postages on the new will exceed those on the old rates. The above statement has been prepared and furnish- ed by the politeness of T. W. Bacot, Esq., Assistant Postmaster at Charleston. RANKS. 151 STATEMENT AND CONDITION OF THE BANKS. There will be found under this head the aggregate reports of six of the Banks in the city, together with two of the Banks in the interior, which are Branches of the " Bank of the State of South Carolina," the financial agent of the State Government; which branch- es, together, employ from $1,000,000 to $1,300,000 of the capital of the parent institution, located in Charles- ton : and, also, separately the statements of the Bank of Charleston. The tables are copied from the Comptroller Gene- ral's published monthly reports of statements rendered by the six City Banks which have accepted certain conditions of an Act of the Legislature, passed in 1840, and from the annual published reports of the Bank of Charleston. The length of time necessarily devoted to the other subjects comprised in the Commercial Tables, has pre- cluded the possibility of presenting this subject in as complete a form as was desirable. Had time permitted, the reports of the two interior Banks, the State Funds, and funds for the rebuilding of the City, would have been deducted; the items reduced to fewer heads, and the condition of the seven Banks located in the City, presented in aggregate views, so as to have exhibited the Commercial, Agricultural, and general business Banking facilities of the City alone, 152 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Aggregate Statement of six Banks in the City, with the two Branches of the Bank of the Stale of South Car- olina, at Columbia and Camden, from the published statements of the Comptroller General. FEBRUARY, 1844. LIABILITIES. Capital stock, - - $5,988,882 73 Bills in circulation, - 2,325,428 17 Net profits on hand, 307,409 82 Balances due to Banks in this State, - - -1,588,110 87 Balances due to Banks in other States, - - 66,904 53 All other moneys due which bear interest, - 368,758 50 State Treasury, for Bal- ance, Current fund, 8,246 40 State Treasury, for Bal- ance, Sinking fund, 702,236 97 State Treasury, for loan for rebuilding the city, 1,843,586 70 Cash deposited and all other moneys due, 2,250,521 87 Total liabilities, $15,450,086 56 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $934,747 50 Real Estate, - - - - 290,525 Ifj Bills of Banks in this State,.....509,797 54 Bills of Banks in other States,..... 663 00 Balance due from Banks in this State, ... 9,658 04 Balance due from Banks in other States, - - 286,408 78 Discounts on personal security, .... 5,524,408 30 Loans on security of their own stock, - - 340,629 12 Loans on security of other stock, - - - 276,777 68 Domestic Exchange, - - 885,022 67 Foreign do. " - - 120,331 57 Bonds,.....1,162,019 48 Investments in Stocks, 1,424,939 89 Debts suspended and in suit,......816,860 10 State Treasury, - - - 89,563 21 Branches and agencies, 1,503,794 95 Bonds under law for re- building Charleston, 1,005,718 92 Interest and expenses of State loan, .... 103,888 42 All other investments, 164,332 23 Total resources, $15,450,086 56 Bank of Charleston, same time. Capital stock paid in, $3,160,800 00 Circulation, ... - 936,575 00 Surplus profits, - - 255,118 52 Balances due to other Banks, - - - - 206,092 97 Deposits and unclaimed dividends, - - - 532,543 86 Total liabilities, $5,091,130 35 Specie on hand, - - Real and Personal Es- tate, - - - - - Stocks and other in- vestments, - - - Balances due by other Banks, - - - - Domestic Exchange, - Foreign do. Discounts, bonds, mort- gages and other secu- curities, - - - - $646,082 87 ■ 141,665 13 • 50,733 97 - 973,773 49 630,494 45 - 84,700 30 2,563,680 14 Grand Total, ,541,216 91 Total resources, $5,091,130 35 Grand Total, ,541,216 91 BANKS [tt Comptrollers Statement of the Banks during Jan., 184. LIABILITIES. Capital stock, - - $5,991,082 73 Circulation, - - - - 2,209,334 17 Net profits on hand, 236,306 60 Balances due to Banks in this State, - - 1,637,185 85 Balances due to Banks in other States, - - 89,813 26 All monies due which bear interest, - - 34,638 37 State Treasury, for bal- ance, Current Fund, 12,566 70 State Treasury, for bal- ance, Sinking Fund, 618,383 96 State Trcasu ry, for loan for rebuilding city, 1,843,586 70 Cash deposites ana all other monies due, 2,027,602 85 Total liabilities, $14,700,501 19 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $1,067,814 16 Real Estate, - - - 286,851 23 Bills of Banks in this State, ----- 541,251 46 Bills of Banks in other States,- - - - - 1,482 54 Balances due bv Banks in this State,"- - - 26,743 15 Balances due by Banks in other States, - - 113,347 72 Discounts on personal security, - - - - 5,912,369 46 Loans on pledge of own stock, ----- 282,417 12 Loans on pledge of oth- er stock, ... . 245,819 33 Domestic Exchange, 391,419 95 Foreign do. - 116,903 34 Bonds, - - - - 1,030,218 17 Investments in stock, - 1,158,872 37 Debts suspended and in suit, ----- 701,480 97 State Treasury, - - 101,602 52 Branches and agencies, 1,498,709 02 Bonds under law for re- building Charleston, 974,840 22 Interest and expenses of State loan, - - - 71,952 50 All other investments, 176,405 96 Total resources, $14,700,501 19 Bank of Charleston, same time. LIABILITIES. ('apital stock, paid in, $3,160,800 00 Circulation, - - - 1,464,254 00 Surplus profits, - - 278,779 91 Balances due to other Banks, - - - - 1,161,390 68 Deposits and unclaimed dividends, - - - 168,172 84 RESOURCES. Specie on hand - - $614,072 09 Real and personal Estate, 155,995 76 Stocks and other invest- ments, .....158,040 18 Balances due by other Banks,.....1,172,166 84 Domestic Exchange, - 1,127,942 18 Foreign do. - 404,432 36 Discounts, Bonds and Mortgages and other i securities, - - - - 2,600,748 02 Total liabilities, $6,233,397 43 Grand total, - $20,933,898 62 Total resources, ,233,397 43 Grand total, - $20,933,898 62 151 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Comptrollers Statement of the Banks during Jan. I84tv| RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - #717,053 67 Real Estate, - - - Bills of Banks in this- 2,289,946 50 190,972 52 LIABILITIES. Capital Stock, - - $5,992,607 ' Circulation, - - - \et profits on hand, - Balances due to Banks in this State, - - 1,169,959 49 Balances due to Banks in other States, - 338,725 65 All. monies due which bear interest, - - 40,500 81 State Treasurv, for bal- ance, Current Fund, 41,303 60 State Treasury, for bal- ance Sinking Fund, 487,758 23 State Treasury, for loan for rebuilding city, 1,810,253 37 Cash deposited and all other monies due, 1,937,057 52 ffotal liabilities, *$14,299,885 42 287,997 65 339,449 55 2,797 0(J 65,846 51 90,515 72 6,064,339 16 221,272 33 State, - - - - - Bills of Banks in other States, - - - - Balances due from banks in this State, - - Balances due from banks in other States, - - Discounts on personal security, - - - Loans on pledge of their own stock, - - - Loans on pledge of oth- er stock, - - - - Domestic Exchange, Foreign do. Bonds, . - - - Investments in Stock, Debts suspended and in suit,..... State Treasury, Branches and agencies, 1,523,348 55 Bonds under law, for re- building Charleston, Interest and expenses of State Loan, - - - All other investments, 366,219 12 270,819 80 127,749 88 984,116 58 1,371,153 89 589,086 40 82,486 40 927,056 37 68,840 68 198,972 14 fTotal resources, ^$14,299,885 42 Bank of Charleston, same time. LIABILITIES. RESOURCES. Capital Stock, paid in, $3,160,800 00 Specie on hand, - - $669,521 07 Circulation, - - - 1,350,412 00 Real and Personal Es- Surplus profits, - - - 287,884 59 tate, ----- 143,49188 Balances due to other Stocks and other invest- Banks, - - - - 1,340,988 81 ments, - - - - 324,120 34 Deposits and unclaimed | Balances due by other dividends, - - - 611,002 54 | Banks, - - - - 807,876 17 Domestic Exchange, 1.495,704 26 Foreign do. -« 528,774 60 Discounts, Bonds and Mortgages and other securities, - - - 2,781,599 62 Total liabilities, 5,751,087 94 Grand total, - $21,050,973 36 Total resources, 3,751,087 94 Grand total, - $21,050,973 36 *The figures are given according to the report, although the amounts vary in the aggregate. tExclusive of the Branch of "the Bank of the State of So. Ca.," at Camden. BANKS. 155 Comptroller's Statement of the Banks during Jaw., 1847. LIABILITIES. Capital Stock, - - $5,992,607 73 Circulation, - - - 2,863,698 00 Net profits on hand, 223,449 28 Balances due to Banks in this State, - - - 1,892,685 40 Balances due Banks in other States, - - 269,453 38 All other monies due, which bear interest, 55,841 18 State Treasury, for bal- ance, Current Fund, 24,391 82 State Treasury, for bal- ance, Sinking Fund, 509,160 63 State Treasury, for loan for rebuilding City, 1,810,253 37 ('ash deposited and all other monies due, 1,754,478 50 Total liabilities, $15,396,019 29 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $643,83186 Real Estate, - - - 291,997 65 Bills of Banks in this State,.....296,501 22 Bills of Banks in other States, - - - - 605 00 Balances due by Banks in this State, - - - 87,778 40 Balances due by Banks in other States, - - 57,354 98 Discounts on personal security, - - - - 5,804,394 92 Loans on pledge of their own stock, - - - 279,856 11 Loans on pledge of oth- er stock, --- - 415,89076 Domestic Exchange, 1,199,350 88 Foreign do. - 247,267 07 Bonds,.....1,141,075 14 Investments in stocks, 1,365,829 91 Debts suspended and in suit, ----- 777,191 42 State Treasury, - - 83,042 52 Branches and agencies, 1,632,380 10 Bonds under law for re- building Charleston, 880,395 27 Interest and expenses of State loan, - - - 68,592 94 All other investments, 122,683 14 Total resources, $15,396,019 29 Bank of Charleston, same time. LIABILITIES. Capital Stock, paid in, $3,160,800 00 Circulation, - - - 1,934,265 00 Surplus profits, - - 329,096 75 Balances due to other Banks, - - - - 1,412,723 72 Deposits and unclaimed dividends, - - - 646,766 54 Total liabilities, $7,483,652 01 Grand total, $22,879,671 30 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $409,750 53 Real Estate, - - - 90,435 23 Stocks and other invests ments, ... - 790,469 67 Balance due by other Banks, ... - 949,738 20 Domestic Exchange, 1,610,999 63 Foreign do. - 901,669 98 Discounts, Bonds,Mort- gages, and other se- curities, ... - 2,730,588 77 Total resources, $7,483,652 01 Grand Total, - $22,879,671 30 156 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Comptroller's Statement of tt LIABILITIES. Capital Stock, - - $5,992,782 73 Circulation, - - - - 2,403,681 38 Net profits on hand, 246,254 30 Balances due to Banks in this State, - - 1,769,195 19 Balances due to Banks in other State, - - 198,340 08 All other monies due which bear interest, 26,860 00 State Treasury, for bal- ance, Current Fund, 9,083 15 State Treasury, for bal- ance, Sinking Fund, 503,534 22 State Treasury, for loan for rebuilding City, 1,810,253 37 Cash deposited and all other monies due, - 1,862,973 89 / Grand total, - $21,406,830 99 he Banks during Jan- 1848. RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $443,953 12 Real Estate, - - - 278,496 41 Bills of Banks in this State,.....335,417 28 Bills of Banks in other States, .-.. 13,29700 Balances due from banks in this State, - - - 47,362 97 Balances due from banks in other States, - - 59,918 38 Discounts on personal security, - - - . 5,983,059 06 Loans on pledge of their own stock, - - - 230,799 30 Loans on pledge of oth- er stock, - - - . 371,518 21 Domestic Exchange, - 1,066,322 59 Foreign do. - 216,654 16 Bonds,.....1,177,364 28 Investments in Stock, - 1,343,044 79 Debts suspended and in suit,.....753,770 33 State Treasury, - - 96,056 78 Branches and agencies, 1,435,953 05 Bonds under law for re- building Charleston, 811,718 49 Interest and expenses of State loan, - - - 48,421 51 All other investments, 109,830 60 Grand total, - $21,406,830 99 Total liabilities, $14,822,958 31 Total resources, $14,822,958 31 Bank of Charleston, same time. LIABILITIES. Capital Stock, paid in, $3,160,800 00 Circulation, - - - 1,536,845 00 Surplus profit, - - - 381,900 86 Balances due to other Banks and accounts with agencies, - - 1,060,783 63 Deposits and unclaimed dividends. .... 443,543 19 Total liabilities, $6,583,872 68 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $440,165 13 Real Estate, - - - - 71,096 53 Stocks and other invest- ments, .... 1,011,958 12 Balances due by other Banks,.....992,662 34 Domestic Exchange, - 1,008,268 18 Foreign do. - - 666,509 95 Discounts, Bonds and Mortgages and other securities, - - . 2,393,212 43 Total resources, $6,583,872 68 BANKS. 157 Comptroller's Statement of the Batiks during Jan. 1849. LIABILITIES. Capital Stock, - - $5,992,782 73 Circulation, - - - 2,083,784 00 Net profits on hand, 263,568 23 Balances due to Banks in this State, - - 1,192,419 65 Balances due to Banks in other States, - - 98,910 28 All other monies due which bear interest, - 26,435 00 State Treasury, for bal- ance, Current Fund, 737 09 State Treasury, for bal- ance, Sinking Fund, 533,203 03 State Treasury, for loan for rebuilding city, 1,783,586 70 Cash deposited and all other moneys due, 1,796,215 65 Total liabilities, $13,771,642 36 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $586,292 76 Real Estate, .... 277,291 51 Bills of Banks in this State, - - - - - 301,956 88 Bills of Banks in other States,..... 6,709 96 Balances due from banks in this State, - - - 51,618 14 Balances due from banks in other States, - - 170,942 40 Discounts on personal security, .... 4,550,369 54 Loans on pledge of own stock, - - - - Loans on pledge of oth- er stock, - - - Domestic Exchange, - Foreign do. - . Bonds, ----- Investments in Stock, Debts suspended and in suit,......789,666 23 State Treasury, - - 119,640 71 Branches and agencies, - 1,486,116 63 Bonds under law for re- building Charleston, Interests and expenses of State loan, All other investments, 248,244 78 ■ 400,033 97 1,168,448 45 205,176 67 1,180,154 26 1,252,567 97 771,859 24 43,689 83 160,862 43 Total resources, $13,771,642 36 Bank of Charleston, same time. LIABILITIES. Capital Stock, paid in, $3,160,800 00 Circulation, Surplus profits, - - - Balances due to other Banks, and accounts with agencies, - - Deposits and unclaimed dividends, - - - 1,413,176 00 585,578 84 1,525,506 63 380,263 99 Total liabilities, $7,065,325 46 Grand total, $20,836,967 82 RESOURCES. Specie on hand, - - $327,786 22 Real Estate, - - - - 63,500 75 Stocks and other invest- ments, ----- 580,648 25 Balances due fcy other Banks and agencies, 1,149,181 98 Domestic Exchange, - 1,644,513 91 Foreign do. - 756,219 32 Di scounts, Bonds,Mort- gages, and other se- curities, - - - - 2,543,475 03 Total resources, $7,065,325 46 Grand total, - $20,836,967 82 21 158 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. "Provident Institution for Savings in the City of Charles- ton"—Incorporated December 1843. Number of acc'ts. opened. Number of acc'ts. closed. Number of accounts re-maining open Average amount to each deposi-tor. Jan. 1844 to Jan. 1845 " 1845 " 1846 " 1846 " 1847 " 1847 " 1848 " 1848 " 1849 Total, - - - - 429 339 321 360 326 1,775 ■35 75 144 155 182 591 394 264 177 205 144 1,184 $76.34 117.28 119.08 130.46 135.26 Amounts De-posited. AMOUNTS PAID DEPOSITOR. Am'ts remain-ing on deposit in Jan. of each year. Expenses of the Institution for each year. Capital. Dividends at 5 per cent. Jan. 1844 to Jan. 1845, Jan. 1845 to Jan. 1846, Jan. 1846 to Jan. 1847, Jan. 1847 to Jan. 1848, Jan. 1848 to Jan. 1849, $33,064 33 58,943 09 61,289 01 76,487 43 81,833 55 $ 4,075 00 10,757 66 39,031 10 40,238 83 57,370 02 *$ 364 61 1,807 53 3,723 56 4,973 47 6,320 08 $28,989 33 48,185 43 22,257 91 36,248 60 24,463 53 $ 237 17 333 46 547 4-2 571 76 756 65 Total. 311,617 41 151,472 61 17,189 25 160,144 80 2,446 46 * This dividend was for the first half year after the Institution went into operation. Amount invested in Stocks, - $35,064 09 " " " Bonds, - - 126,057 25 $161,121 34 • -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------■ Amount of Surplus to be divided in 1849, 5,593 70 " deposited between Jan. and June, 1849, 48,687 00 " paid depositors, same time, principal, 26,749 68 " " ' " " " dividends, 3,606 56 30,356 21 Which shows an increase of over 50 per cent, upon the deposits of the same period for the preceding year. BANKS. 159 The quarterly periods from which interest on de- posits are allowed, are the third Wednesday's of Janu- ary, April, July and October. Dividends are paid semi- annually in April and October, at a rate not exceeding 5 per cent, per annum. Unclaimed dividends are placed to the credit of the depositor, and draw interest from the date at which they were declared. At the expira- tion of every five years, all surplus profits are appor- tioned amongst the depositors of one years standing, and over. For the above statements we are indebted to Mr. Henry S. Griggs, the Treasurer of the Institution. Capital, and Dividends of the Batiks in Charleston, and also of Companies chartered by the Legislature of South Carolina, and located in the City. BANKS. Bank of South Carolina,. . . Char-ter. CAPITAL. Par value of shares. Dividends, per centum, paid in January and July, of each year. rate pr.c. of Divi-dends. 1834 1835 1836 1837 183811839 1840 1841 5.55 6. 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1792 1802 1810 1810 1812 1835 1838 1807 1818 1827 1837 1846 $1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,123,357 3,160,800 869,425 450,000 300,000 ^3,112,500 500,000 250,000 $45 100 50 25 t 100 25 60 60 75 50 25 5.56 4. 6. 7. 7.22 6. 7. 7.50 8.33 7. 6.50 10.* 8.89 8. 7. 10.* 8.89 8. 7. 8. 7.22 8. 7. 8. 6.11 6.50 6. 7.50 5.55 5. 4.44 5. 5. 6. 4.44 5. 5. 6. 4.44 5. 5. 6. 4.44 5. 5. 6. 4.72 5. 5. 6. 5.55 5. 5. 6. 6.09 5.90 5.82 7.17 5.75| 5. Planters &, Mechanics Bank, Bank of the State of So. Ca., South Western R. R. Bank, COMPANIES. Union Insurance Company, Ch'n F. & M. Insurance Co. So. Ca. Rail Road Company. Ch'n Insurance & Trust Co., So. Ca. Insurance Company, 7.50 6. 54 10. 10. 113.33 116.70 3. 10. J2.24 8. 8. 7.50 7.50 6.50 5.50 6. 4.50 6. 4, 6. 1. 6. 4. 6. 4. 6. 4. 7.44 5.03 11.11 13.15 4.25 11.68 1 n 9.17 8.33 7. 14.17 13.33 3. 0 6.50 1.20 t-4. U IT 9. IT 10. 4. 6. 5. 12. 5.67 15. 5.33 17. 5.83 20. J4- 2.50 18. 6. *JiK-hnling extra or surplus dividends of two percent, during each of these two years. . -tThis I'.aufc being a State Institution, with no private stockholders, declares no dividends ; and being the fiscal agent of the State, has. in addition to its capital, the deposit of the State funds. IDividends for the first half vear after they went into operation. HUroken by the fire of -28th April, 1838. ftSce note on Table of Statistics of the Rail Road. i The surplus profit during these three years, were applied to increase the value of the property, and have therefore been thrown out in the calculation of the average of lividends. EXCHANGE. 16 J EXCHANGE. Rales of Foreign* and Domestic Bills of Exchange at Charleston. The rates of Sterling and French Exchange are the out-door rates previous to 1841, when the Banks began to operate largely in Foreign Exchange; from that period, the rates are those at which the Banks purchased Foreign Exchange. The rates for Domestic Exchange at " 60 days on New York," are the Banks rates for purchasing this class of Exchange. And the "Bank Checks on New York," are the rates at which the Banks were selling Sight Checks. [Compiled from the Weekly Courier Letter Sheet Prices Current. 1 1834 FOREIGN. DOMES 1'iC. Sterling. French GO Day Hills on New York. Bank Checks on New York. January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, Ia2£ pr.c. pm. par a 2 p.c. dis. " " 3 " 2dis.a 3p.c.pm. 14a3i " Ka2 " 1 a4i- " 4 a64- " 5 a7 " 6 a6i " 5 a6 " 4ia5ir " 5.50a5.60 5.50a5.60 5.45a5.60 5.40a5.50 5.50a5.65 5.55a5.70 5.35a5.55 5.35a5.40 5.35a5.40 5.35a 5.40a5.45 ■J- pr.c.dis. and time i a a X " « i a a 4-al " " i " " £ " " X a a i a a X " « i X « « par. par a -^pr c.pm \ per cent pm. J_ a a a i " " " I " " " I a « a i " " " X " " « Ja-A- pr. ct. pm. par a ipr c.pm par. 1835 FOREIGN. DOMESTIC. Sterling Percent, prem. Frencli 60 Day Bills on New York. Bank Checks on New York. Januaiy, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, 4i a 6i 5i a 6± 6 a 8i 8 a 8i 8 a 9 8i- a 9 8i a 9 9 a 9i 8| a 9 8 a 8| 8 a 8f 7i a 8£ 5.35a5.45 5.35a5.45 5.27a5.42 5.25a5.27 5.22a5.27 5.22a5.25 5.22a5.25 5.22a5.25 5.20a 5.20a5.30 5.22a5.2S 5.25a5.37 4- pr.c.dis. and time i " i 1X « " I -?- " " \i X X « x a i " Par. a a a " 1 a a a a a a a 1()2 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. 1836 FOREIGN. DOMESTIC. Sterling. Per cent. prem. French 5.35a5.40 5.30a5.40 5.30a5.35 5.30a5.35 5.30a5.35 5.27a5.35 5.27a5.32 5.27a5.32 5.27a5.32 5.25a5.32 2.25a5.30 5.20a5.32 00 Day Bills on New York. Bank Checks on New York. January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, 7 a 8i 8i a 8f 7f a 9 6 a 8 7 a 8i 7 a 8i 7i a 8i 7i a 8 7f a 8 7f a 9i 8| a 9f 8 alOi 4- pr.c.dis. and time i " i i i u Time a a u a a 1 per cent.discount Par a a 1 per cent. pm. 1 " lali " « lali " « 1 li " « li " " 1837 FOREIGN. DOMESTIC. Sterling. Per cent. prem. French 00 Day Bills on New York. Bank Checks on New York. January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, 8 a 10 9i a 11 10i a 12 9 a 12 9 a 12 10 a 13 11 a 15 14 a 15 17 a 20 12,} a 18 12i a 15 8 a 13i 5.20a5.35 5.20a5.22 5.10a5.17 5.10a5.l5 5. a5.l5 5. a5.l5 5. a 5. a 4.80a4.90 4.80a5.15 4.95a5. 4.95a5.25 1 percent, discount 1 a (I par a 1 pr.cent. dis. U 1 « " 1 per cent, discount 2 a a j a a 1 1 " " 1 " 1 U a 1 " lipr.cent.pm. li <• " lia2 " " 2 a3 " " 3 " « 3 a5 " " 4 a5 " " 3 " " 2 a4i" " Ha4i" " i a3"" " 1 a3 « " 1838 FOREIGN. DOMESTIC. Sterling. Per cent. prem. French 5.22a5.25 5.22a5.25 5.20a5.25 5.20a5.25 5.15a5.25 5.10a5.25 5.17a 5.17a 5.17a 5.17a 5.15a5.25 5.15a5.25 60 Day Bills on New York. Bank Checks on New York. January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, 8 a 10 6 a 9 6ia 8 6ia 8i 8 a 10 8 a Hi 9 a 10 9 a 10 9 a 10i 9 a 11 9ia 10 9 a 10 1 percent, discount 1 lpr.c.dis. a lpr.c.pm i per cent. prem. 1 •' " ial " " i i " "a par Par | percent, discount lali pr.c. pm. Ia2i " " 2ia3 " " 4a7 " " 4a5 " " 2a5 " " 2a3 " " 2ia3 " " la2 " " lali " " li-ali " " ial " " EXCHANGE. JQ3 1839 FOREIGN. DOMESTIC. Sterling. Per cent. prem. French 60 Day Bills on New York. Bank Checks on New York. January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, 9 a 10 9 a 9i 9 a 10} 9 a 9i 8*a 10 9 a 10* 9-}a 111 10-Ja 12 9ia 11 • 9ia 12 9 a Hi 8ia 9i 5.15a5.17 5.15a5.20 5.12a5.20 5.10a5.15 5.10a5.22 5.10a5.15 5. a5.12 5. a 5. a5.05 5. a5.15 5.15a5.30 5.15a5.30 i per cent, discount X X « « i a i " par a i pr.cent. dis. par par a i pr.cent. dis. J_ an 4 1 percent, pm. 1 al*" 1 ali" " 1 * " " li " " i ali" " lia2 " " 2 " " 3 a3i" 2fa5 " " 4 alO" " 1 a3 " " 1840 FOREIGN. DOMESTIC. Sterling. Per cent. prem. 8 a 9i 7ia 10* 9 a 9k 9ia 9f 9ia 10* 9 a 10 8ia 9i 7 a 8 6ia 7 7 a 9i 8 a 8i 8ia 10 French 60 Day Bills on New York. Bank Checks on New York. January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, 5.22a5.30 5.17a5.30 5.15a5.25 5.l5a5.20 5.15a5.20 5.10a5.l7 5.17a5.25 5.15a5.20 5.10a5.15 5.10a5.15 time a 1 pr. ct. dis. lip.c.dis. alp.c.pm. par a 1 per. ct. pm. lali « « lialf " " lialf " " i per cent, discount 3 percent, pm. 2ia3 " " 2ia3 " " 2*a3 " " 2ia4 " " 3 " " 3 " " l*a2 " " liali" 1 ali" " f ali" 1 ali" 1841 FOREIGN. DOMESTIC. Sterling. Per cent. prem. 8i a 9£ 8 a 9* 8 a 8£ 7 a 7£ 7 a 7f 7£ a 8i 7 a 8 7 a 8 7i a 8* 8i a 9* 9 a 9i 8 a 9 French 60 Day Bills on New York. Bank Checks on New York. January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, 5.10a5.20 5.15a5.20 5.20a5.30 5.25a5.35 5.25a5.30 5.15a5.27 5.25a5.30 5.25a5.30 5.20a5.30 5.l5a5.25 5.20a5.25 5.25a5.32 par a i per. ct. dis. par a i " " * per ct. discount i X i a f" " i a f" i a f" i a f" " i a .1" " f a 1" i a 1" Ial* per.c.pm. li " " 1 « " 1 " " 1 " " *al " " ial " " fal " " 1 " « 1 " " •2al " " • 1 " " 164 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. 1842 FOREIGN. DOMESTIC. Sterling. 60 Day Bills on New Bank Checks on percent, prem. French 5.27a5.37 York. New York. January, 7 a 8* 1 per cent, disc't. i a 1 pr c. pm February, 7f a 5.32a5.35 2 a a a 1 per cent pm March, 7i a 11 5.32a5.37 2 U tt « i1 " " " April, 6 a 6* 5.40a5.45 2 a a J tt a <( May, 6i a 8 5.30a5.38 2 " a a 2 a i. tt June, 6-1- a 8 . 5.35a5.45 2 a tt a 2 " a « July, 2 a i. 2 " it ci August, - - - . . . . 2 a a a 2 « u tt September, ial per c. " 2 " 't « October, 6i a 7-J- 5.30a5.35 i a li " " " • 2 a » ti November, | 5 a 5.45a5.47 1 per cent. " 2 " tt « December, l 5 a 5.45a5.47 1 a li per c. " ia 1 pr c. pm. 1843 FOREIGN. DOMESTIC. Sterling 60 Day Bills on New Bank Checks on per cent. prem. French 5J50a York. New York. January, 4* a 5 li a If per c. dis't par al pr.c. pm February, 4i a 4i 5.52a5.55 If per cent. " par March, 4i a 4i 5.52a5.55 If " « " tt April, 4i a 4f 5.50a5.55 If " « tt May, 5i a 7i 5.40a5.45 li a li per c. dis't paraipr.c.pm June, 7 a 7* 5.40a li per cent. " i per cent, pm July, 7 a 7i 5.40a 2i " « « X tt tt tt August, 7 a 7i 5.40a 11 a tt a X tt tt « September, 7 a 7i 5.40a 1 a li per c. " X tt tt it October, 8 a 5.40a 1 al{ " " " X tt tt t( November, 6i a 6f 5.40a li per cent. " paraipr.c.pm December, 6* a 7 5.42a5.45 2-1 a a a par 1844 FOREIGN. DOMESTIC. Sterling 1 60 Day Bills on New Bank Checks on per cent. prem. French York. New York. January, 8 a 8i 5.35a5.40 1* per cent, disc't par February, 8 a 8* 5.35a5.40 2-1 " " a tt March, 6 a 7f 5.40a 2 J. » « a tt April, 6 a 7i 5.35a5,40 li '• « tt May, 7 a 7* 5.35a5.37 li " " " .t June, 7 a 8 5.35a5.37 2-1 » « « tt July, 8 .a 8i 5.32a5.35 1 J, a a a 1 2 par a i pr.c.pm August, 8 a 8i 5.32a - i per cent. " i " " " September, 8 a 8* 5.27a5.32 - - . . - October, 8i a 8* 5.27a5.30 li per cent, disc't i a i pr.c. pm November, 8 a 9 5.27a5.30 lia U- « » par tt December, 8 a Si- 5.27a5.30 li a li « « EXCHANGE. 165 ------ .. FOREIG 1845 N. DOMESTIC. Sterling 60 Day Bills on New Bank Checks on per cent. prem. French. York. New York. Januarv, 8 a 8i 5.27a5.30 li a li per c. disc't par February, 9 a 9i 5.27a5.30 1 per cent " par aipr.c.pm March, 8i a 9i 5.30a5.32 2 « tt i percent " April, 8i a 84- 5.32a 1 a li per c. " par aipr.c.pm May, 8± a 9 - - fali " ': " i a i " " " June, 9 a 9i 5.27a5.30 i per cent. " i per cent. " July, 9 a 9i 5.27a5.30 i per cent " i ft t; tt August, 9 a 9i 5.27a5.32 i per cent. " iaf pr. c. " September, 9 a 9i 5,30a5.32 i per cent " f per cent " October, 9 a 9i 5.30a5.32 f a 1 per cent. " X ft ft ft November, 7* a 8* 5.35a f a 1 " ': " X ft ft ft December, 7± a 7f 5.32a5.35 f a 1 " " " i " '• " 1846 FOREIG N. DOMESTIC. Sterling. 60 Day Bills on New Bank Checks on Per cent. prem. French York. New York. January, 7i a 8 5.32a5.35 f a 1 per c. disc't. iaf pr.c. pm. Februar\T, 7f a 8 5.32a5.35 f a 1 " " '• f a 1 '• " March, 8 a 5.32a5.35 f a 1 " " " f a 1 " " April, 9i a 9i 5.25a5.35 f a 1 " " " f " " May, 9 alO 5.25a5.30 ial " " " f a 1 " « June, 7i a 84- 5.35a5.37 f a 1 " " " f " " July, 7 a 7i 5.37a5.40 ial " " " f " " August, 7 a 7i 5.40a f a 1 " " " iaf " " September, 7i a 8i 5.32a5.40 1 a li " " " i " " October, 6f a 8i 5.35a5.45 li " " " X a ft November, 5i a 7 5.40a5.47 lia2 " " " par a i" " December, 4i a 5i 5.47a5.52 lfa 2 " " " par 1847 FOREIGN. DOMESTIC. Sterling. 00 Day Bills on New Bank Checks on Per cent. prem. French York. New York. January, 4 a 5|- 5.52a If a 2 per.c. disc't. par February, 4i a oi 5.45a5.52 If a 2 " par March, 3 a 4i 5.47a5.52 If a 2 " pat- April, 3 a 4+ 5.47a5.52 1 a 2 " " par a i pr.c.pm May, 5i a 6i 5.37a5.45 1 a li " i per cent, pm June, 5i a 6 5.37a5.40 f a li " X ft ft ft July, 5i a 5.40a f a 1 « I " " " August, 5i a 5.40a f a 1 " " i " " " September, 5i a 7i 5.35a5.40 f a 1 " X ft ft tt October, 7 a 8 5.32a5.35 f a 1 " i " " " November, 7i a 7i 5.32a 1 i a f per c. " December, - ..... JL tt ft ii 22 156 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. 184S FOREIGN. DOMESTIC. Sterling. (50 Day Bills on New Bank Checks on percent, prem. French York.______-].', a li^per c, dis't New York. January, 8.V a. 94 f per cent pm. Februarv. 8i a . _ - ] .}- per cent. " a. tt t; tt * iaf pr c. pm. March, S a 84 5.35a 1-j-a If per c, dis't April, 6i a 8 5.35a li a 2 per c. '; .-af '; " May, 6i a 6f . . . 2 per cent '• f per cent. pm June, 6i a 6f . . . 2 u u ■ ft • ft f. .. July, 6.1- a 7 5.40a f a If '• '• " 4 a f pr c. itni. August. 74 a 8 4 per cent, pm September, 7i a 8 5.30a5.37 li a li " " '■ f...... October, 74 a 8 5.30a5.35 li a li " " " f « " :; November, 6i a li 5.30a5.35 lja2 " " " } a f pr c. pm. December, 7 a 74 5.30a5.35 If a 2 " " " 4 per cent, pm RAIL ROADS. 167 SOUTH CAROLINA RAIL ROAD. The " South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Compa- ny" was chartered in 1827, and the construction of the Road commenced at Charleston, in 1331. It was completed to Hamburg, and on through to the opposite side of the Savannah River, to Augusta, in the year 1833. It was at that time, and for many years after, the longest continuous line of Rail Road in the United States, or Europe. It lays claim to having introduced the first Locomotive of English construction, in Amer- ica, and of having encouraged the first enterprise, through Mr. Miller of Charleston, to construct Loco- comotives in the United States. The Locomotive, " Miller," ran with great success upon the road for many years. In 1835, the " Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Rail Road Company," was chartered, the design of which was, to have constructed a Road from an inter- section with the above Road, to some point on the Ohio River, near the City of Cincinnati; failing to obtain a continuous Charter through all of the inter- mediate States, combined with other causes, this plan was finally abandoned. Subsequently, the " Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Rail Road Company" purchased out the Stock, Road, and Corporate privileges of the " South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company," and in 1844 the two Charters were united by an Act of the Leg- lature, under one Corporation, now known as the " South Carolina Rail Road Company." Since 1833, two branches have been added to the original line of Road,- one by the " Louisville, Cin- cinnati and Charleston Rail Road Company, from 168 CENSUS OF CHARLKSTON. Branchville to Columbia, of sixty-eight miles, comple- ted in 1842 ; and the other by the present Corpora- tion, from an intersection with the Columbia Branch to Camden, of thirty-seven miles, finished in 1848. The entire roads now forming an aggregate of two hundred and forty-one miles within the State, under the jurisdiction and management of the " South Caro- lina Rail Road Company." For much of this information, we are indebted to Col. James Gadsden, President of the Company. It is also deemed proper here to remark, that in addition to the above Road, two other companies have been chartered by this State, whose line of roads will communicate continuously with the above. The one chartered in 1846, under the name of the " Charlotte and South Carolina Rail Road Company," the con- struction of which has been commenced at Columbia, and when completed to Charlotte, in North Carolina, will give an addition of one hundred and nine miles. The other, incorporated also, in 1846, under the name of the " Greenville and Columbia Rail Road Company,'1 the construction of which has also been commenced at Columbia, and when completed to Anderson C. H., South Carolina, will make an addition of one hundred and twenty-six miles to the line. Both of these lines, forming immediate junction with the South Carolina Rail Road, will doubtless, through the facility of inter- course afforded, draw more attention to the resources of the country, and must necessarily add both the farm and field produce now comparatively unavailable, in those sections through which these roads are destined to pass, to the commerce of the City. The following Statistics of the South Carolina Rail Road are given from the published reports, and in- formation derived from the Bureau Department, by 170 Statistics of the Kail Road for 15 years—from 1st January to 31st December in each year. 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848: $3,112,500 Cost of con- struction ; in- cluding am't. paid for So. Ca, Passen- gers convey- ed. 154,000 160,072 161,160 153.000 190.264 - - - 232.832 - - - 232,656 - - - 236.108 - - - 286,995 - - - 313.9(18 - - - 1310.812 - - - '342,435 - - - !345.893 - - - ! 327.539 '$5,699,736 352.431 26,649 34,283 39,216 41,554 44,487 37,283 29,279 35,141 33,925 37,740 54.146 56,785 64.136 77.579 75.149, ,009,$ 28.20a; .237 42.5461 .335 38,699: ,958 53,311 ,027| 52,395 ,7761 74.547 .7321 77,771 .9511 56,035 95.876 118.524 148,769 162,514 179,399 186,153 318,523 ^166,559 249,754 271,614 280,215 323,381 422,842 388,127 336,538 408,705 442,931 532,870 562,296 589,082 656,275 24,567 34,760 28,497 34,395 35,346 52,585 58,496 54,064 92,336 128,047 186,638 197,657 186,271 134,302 274,364 12,148' - 19.043 334,761: 4,087 15,4471201.177 2,307 Additional Lines of Road opened in South Carolina, &c. 17 miles of Columbia Branch opened, to Orangeburg. 30 " " " " " " Louisville, 68 •" " Columbia Branch opened through. Two Companies Consolidated. 3,186 5.753 40 miles opened of Geo. R.R. and Banking Company. 105 {147 37 miles, Camden Branch opened through. " of Western and A " of a Branch fm Ki " Co. to Atlanta 'c.R.R.Co. toDalton igston to Romi1 * The Capital of the Company would be more properly represented by the amount under the head of "Cost of Construction," which latter includes the debt of the Company contracted in the purchase of the South Carolina Canal and Rail Koad Company, before mentioned.____________________________________________________ Note—The first connection by Rail Road between the navigable waters of the Mi; From Charleston to Augusta, - - - - - From Augusta to Dalton, - - - From Dalton to Chattanooga, (on the navigable waters of the Tcnncssc to be opened on 1st November, 1849, - ■ippi Valley and the Atlantic Ocean will be through the above lines, as follows: From Savannah to Dalton, The above shows 271 miles opened, running directly Westward from: Augusta. t 3 miles included of a Branch to Warrenton \ 39 " " " " to Athens. 18 " the Branch from Kingston to Rome. 38 " 331 miles Total, communicating with the South] 430 mues 'Carolina Road at Hamburg. RAIL ROADS. 169 which the progressively increasing business of the Road will be perceived. It has developed new sources of wealth in the interior, and added considerably to the commerce of the City, by the facility of placing in a larger market, the Flour, Corn, Wheat and other grain, with the Turpentine productions of the Interior, which hitherto had been less available there ; and, in con- nection with the lines of Rail Road extending west from Hamburg, has placed in this market, western pro- duce, which previously sought other outlets. Steam Engines and Manufacturing Establishtncnis, in active operation in Charleston. Cotton, Rico. Sugar. Grain. Metals. Wood Stone f [Presses tor Compressing J Cotton. - - - - ' ll (^; Cotton Manufactory, - ■ Mills for Pounding Rieo,| Sugar Refinery. - - j ;Crit Mills, - - - - fj Steam Engine Manufae- ) tories and Casting Es- ! ; tablishments, - - [ I Brass & Copper For. ndrv.i 1 f|Sa\v Mills, --.-■'. 5 Planing, Grooving, and; Tongueing Machine. Sash and Blind Facto ries. -.--. Turners, - - - - | Carriage Factories. - [^ Ship Yards, - - - ;Stone Masons, - - - MOTIVE POWER. CAPACITIES AND ABILITIES. *5 1!! i 6 5 Hi 1 14!! 2 Turpentine, jTurpentine Distillery, Gas Works. Total. 59 51 41 i 1 t3J Capable of Average ag- [compressing gregatebales | in the aggre- compressed !R'ate per day I per ammm. lion at these Establishment 12 2.475b'] 175.000 The established Kates for compressing O -ince Eebruarv. 1S4S. have been as follows : When freights' are at :i-.-'d Sterling, or 3-4 c per lb. 4() cts. per bale. -.),■,( a n 7-sV a n 45 ,i a a j.-.M i. « ]e " " 50 " " '• il-lfd '• •• 1 1>V " " 55...... « " 5-Sd " " 1 l-4e " " 1)0 " '• " u ,. ., ]i-iC(l " '• 1 3-fc " " ti.) •• " '• The Rate of Freight is determined by the Hills of Lading. This Establishment is on Charleslon Has 3-200 Spindles. 100 Looms. 1 Halt Machine, and-JTwine 1 This Estab! Machines, ltscapacily is HKMi \ aids of cloth per day, with [- Xeck. and nol within the corporate other articles. 1 limits oft he City. S These Mills drive, in the aggregaic. 155 pestles, and can ) I Sieam and 1 'Water are on Charleston ■ I turn out 471 Tierces Rice per tiny. \ Xeck. and withoui the corporate limits. \ Has an Engine of -25 horse power, and employs 115 while hands: capable of yielding 3SO.O0O lb?. ■ ( of Manufactured Sugar, and 5000 lbs. of Sugar Candy, per month. ! ( Can grind in the aggregate, from 050 to 700 I Of these mills, 1 steam and 7 animal are on Charles- I ( bushels Corn per day. ' i Ion Neck, without the corporate limits of the City. ( Eivo of these Establishments are engaged in manufacturing Steam Engines, Boilers, and Machinery I ( of all descriptions, and 4 of ihem make Castings of Iron and Brass, of from 5 to 10 tons in weight. j \ Engaged in manufacturing and turning all descriptions of Brass and Copper, and in castings of I \ Brass nj) to 1000 lbs. weight. \ Capable of turning out in the aggregate, I 1-J0,0U0 feet of sawed lumber per day. One of these steam mills is on Charleston Xt without, the corporate limits, :}<. and 12 ■Capable of dressing 14.0u0feet of boards per day. \ Manufacture Doors, Blinds, Sashes, Packing Boxes, \ I of these is on Charleston Neck, without the I ( also turning in Wood, of various descriptions. ) Corporate limits. |Turners in Ivorv. Bone, and Wood of all descriptions. 1 \ Manufacture Carriages. Buggies Chairs. Sulkies, ) One of these is on Charleston Xeck, without t and Vehicles of all descriptions. J the corporate limits. Capable of building vessels of all descriptions, from 20 to 1000 tons. | Workers in Marble and Stone of all descriptions. ^ Capable of working up 100 barrels of Raw Turpentine per day. and manufactures Rosin. Pitch < Spirits of Turpentine, and Varnish of different descriptions. This Establishment is about to be [enlarged Jo double its present capacity. ( lias 1 Gasometer, capable of holding 100,000 cubic feet of Gas. and another of similar capacity < in course of construction ; has l21 Retorts, and manufactures 30,000 cubic feet of Gas per day: ( supplies -20 miles of pipe, to which five additional miles are in course of being laid. * Exclusive of the manufactories of the Rail Road Company. t One of these has been destroyed by fire since Ibis information was obtained. t Although not strictly using steam as a motive power, it is the most appropriate head of classi- PROVISION MEAT MARKET. 173 PROVISION MEAT MARKET. Statement of the number of Neat and Small Cat- tle, and Hogs, brought into the Charleston market, as Butcher's meat, for 10 years. Beeves. Calves. Hogs. Sheep. Lambs. Kids 1839—January to April 1,876 446 3.250 1,692 6 « April to July, 1,524 1,882 1,935 619 984 18 " July to October 2.354 1.575 818 557 689 5 '• October to Jan. 2,311 578 3,438 1.648 46 5 Totals. 8,065 4,481 9,441 4,516 1.725 31 1840—January to April 1,792 499 3,484-1,821 12 8 •• April to July 1,388 1,531 1,873 1,094 615 30 " July to October. 2.314 1,387 1.283 *>5T 637 23 '• October to Jan. 2.707 569 4,225 1.770 72 1 Totals. 8.201 3.986 10,865 5,342 1,336 62 1841— JsAary to April 1,893 148 2,852 1,536 23 « April to July, 1,403 1.754 1,623 965 842 11 " July to October 2,654 1.528 1,364 864 732 11 '■ October to Jan. 2,410 494 1,319 1,450 36 19 Totals. 8,360 3.924 10,158 4,815 1-633 44 1842—January to April 1,692 500 3,829 1.202 15 7 « April to July 1,641 1,691 2,691 1,100 808 8 » July to October 2,846 2,139 2,286 789 1,056 11 " October to Jan. 2,709 193 4,978 1,520 73 4 Totals. 8,888 4.523 13,784 4,671 1,352 30 1843—January to April 1,835 582 5,411 1,201 10 1 « April to July 1,026 2,217 2.176 1,204 745 28 '■ July to October 2,667 1.826 1,146 828 597 17 « October to Jan. 2,816 547 3.910 1,896 30 12 Totals. 8-344 5,172 12.643 5.129 1,382 58 1844—January to April 2,027 467 3,310 1,801 2 7 « April to July 1,522 2,083 1,896 906 896 11 « July to October 2,840 1,758 1,669 729 698 <• October to Jan. 2.739 697 3,545 1,699 45 2 Totals. 9,128 5,005 10,420 5,135 1,641 25 1845-January to April 1,889 704 3,550 1,491 43 5 « April to July 1,625 2,256 1,998 837 1,070 M '• July to October 2,997 2,201 1,698 877 831 12 « October to Jan. 3,259 974 3,498 1,802 68 00 Totals. 9,770 6,135 10,744 5,007 2.012 31 J 74 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. 1846—January to April '• April to July •• July to October " October to Jan. Beeves. 1,851 1,661 2,982 2,897 9,391 2,825 1,639 3,289 3,222 Calves. 522 2,282 2.186 784 5,774 426 2.263 1,933 844 5,466 651 2,211 2,060 921 Hogs. 3,105 1,744 1,298 3,332 9.479 3,171 2,286 1,467 3,190 Sheep. 1,308 826 829 1,646 4,609 1,721 823 1,003 1,698 5,245 1,662 687 817 1,605 Lambs. 3 31 848 50 932 7 1,137 674 38 1,856 37 1,358 778 30 Kids, 18 3 19 18 Totals. 1847—January to April ■' April to July " July to October " October to Jan. 58 18 15 ■21 ] Totals. 1848—January to April " April to July '• July to October " October to Jan. 10,975 1,899 1,562 2,984 3,220 10,114 3,620 2,074 1,800 3,905 61 6 4 17 5 Totals. 9,665 5,843 11,399 4,771 2,203 32 Note.—In addition to the remarks made on Exports, Imports, Duties, &c, (page 133) it should also have been stated that the Duties collected on Imports from 1837 to 1848 do not always correspond to the division of the year given in the margin, but in some instances they are from January to December. The four last years particularly are from January to December in each year, and only contain the duties collected in Charleston, which were obtained from the books of the Custom House in Charleston, through the politeness of Mr. Grayson, the Collector of the Port. This discrepancy arose from our inability to obtain the official statements from Government documents, and we were obliged to rely upon other sources. The ag- gregate duties collected from 1837 to 1848, it is believed will be found very nearly correct, as the foreign imports into other ports in this State are inconsiderable. CITY ACCOUNTS. 175 CITY ACCOUNTS. The subjoined statements which have been copied from the Treasurer's Report, made to the City Council in August, 1849, will shew the liabilities of the City and her resources to meet those liabilities. And also the statement of the loans made under the Fire Loan Act for rebuilding the City after the destructive fire of the 28th April, 1838. Statement of Indebtedness of the City of Charleston. DR. 1849—Aug. 31. To issue of (J per cent. siock of 1618, balance held by Trustees and Commissioners Orphan Mouse, .... - $7,563 86 To issue -6 per cent, stock, 1838. 125,000 00 " " 6 " " 1849. to redeem issue of 1839, 200.000 00 To issue 6 per cent, stock. 1*10, 92,575 00 " " G '• '• 1843J 36,665 50 To special issue 0 per ct. stock, 1S40, 1,606 50 To special issue 6 per ct. slock, 184*, 50,000 00 To issue 29th December, 1848,6 per cent, stock, - - - 44,120 2y—500,591 15 To issue 5 percent, stock. 1835, 237,004 91 •' « 5 « « 1S37, 47.495 49 " " r> <• " 1838, 41,115 8* " " 5 '• " 1^24, balance held bv Orphan House, 9,180 06 To issue special 5 per cent, stock, 13,734 18—348,5*0 32 To issue on account Charleston Col- lege, per Ordinance 1839, - - 13,250 00 To issue oa account High School, 13,250 00— 20,509 00 $935,071 47 CR. 1H49—Aug. 31. By assets of tiio General Sinking Fund, (page i76) - 547,43* 93 By balance, being the actual debt due by the city, 388,232 54 8935,071 47 In the above statement, the Real Estate held by the Corporation is not included, a poition of which is not used by the city, and can be. made available during the 23 176 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. coming year. The indebtedness of the city to the Bank of the State, on account of the Fire Loan, is not included in the above statement, and stands thus— Due to the Bank, for property purchased in by the City, as sold under foreclosure by the Bank, - - $230,703 Amount paid into the Bank of the State towards the liquidation of sum, - 106,540 Estimated value of property on hand from above purchases, .... 58,000-164,540 Leaving this amount to be provided for and of course added to the indebtedness of $388,232 54, as above stated, ..... $66,163 Statement of General Sinking Fund, from Sept. 1, 1848, to August 31, 1849. DR. To balance from last year, - - - 116,221 99 " capital on bonds received, (from old bonds,) 8,143 87 " capital on bonds received, (from new bonds,) 82,000 00 " interest on bonds received, " cash portions on sales of houses, " interest on ditto, " proceeds of issue of 6 per cent, stock, " proceeds of issue of 6 per cent, stock, " new bonds received—fire loans, " marsh lots, bonds and cash, " bonds purchased from city cash, " dividends and interest on stocks, " rents, " city cash loaned and returned, " assets of three special funds consolidated into this by ordinance, " profit and loss on redemption of stock, " purchase of stock, city five's, in anticipation of redemption in January next, - 6,000 00 Rail Road Scrip, with interest to the 10th of August, and interest to continue by special arrangement, - . 4,922 73 200 old and 200 new shares in Bank of Charleston, - - . 31,500 00 42,422 73 90,143 87 5,114 88 . 15,635 00 . 9 72 200 000 00 44 120 20 244,120 29 63,255 00 17,055 00 6,584 00 86,894 00 2.063 00 . . 1.189 50 I 23,284 85 i 368,950 00 - 202 00 $996,251 83 CITY ACCOUNTS. 177 CR. By payment on bonds, and therefore deducted from their face, .... 90,143 87 " cash loaned to the city, - - - 23,284 85 " stock redeemed, 6 per cent. - 200,000 00 " 5 per cent. Rail Road, - - 63 -275 00 '• Cancelled 5 per cent. Rail Road, - 1,000 00 -----------264,275 00 " profit and loss, paid up before due, (bond) - - - 47 45 " stock redeemed, 5 per cent, - - - 5,000 03 " stock purchased, redeemable in January, - - 6,000 00 " real estate sold, .... 17,055 00 " cash paid for shares in Bank of Charleston, - 31,500 00 " cash paid to the city for Rail Koad Scrip receivable, with interest thereon to 10th August,........ 4,922 73 " cash paid to the city for three bond.;, - 6,584 00 $448,812 90 Assets of the Fund. Stocks, - - - 202,660 73 Bonds receivable, - - 269,869 13 Real Estate, .... 24,213 17 Cash in Bank, ... - 50;695 90 -----------547,438 93 $996,251 83 Statement of Fire Loan Bonds, up to the IstJidy, 1849. Kiiliinco prw- Balance t;11«■ i - Original Loan cir.nl due. t"=t d IB. REMARKS. Xo. 1 15,000 10,200 f, 14 6 '• 2 4,650 . . . - - - 'iVkl in full. " 3 4,500 3,616 18 76 9o' " 4 33,375 33.375 1,747 50 " 5 2,700 972 Int. paid " 6 1,700 . . . . . . Paid in full. " 7 2,700 1,242 Int. paid " 8 24,750 8,986 34 507 8.3 " 9 99,102 50 89,500 Int. paid i " 10 6,500 . . . - - - Paid in full. " 11 9,300 4,000 Int. paid " 12 6,000 5,280 . . . Property sold covers debt. ': 13 5,625 2,850 Int. paid " 14 7,125 7,125 209 76 " 15 4,500 3,700 Int. paid " 16 12,000 2,400 Int. paid a 17 4,055 . . . . . . Paid in full. " 18 4,350 . . . . . . Paid in full. " 19 1,820 1,263 73 Int. paid 178 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Statement of Fire Loan Bonds—continued. Balance prin- Balance inicr-j No. 20 Original Loan cipal due. est due. | remarks. 9,000 5,490 347 93 '• 21 2,700 1,782 Int. paid « 22 4,800 3,552 ! Int. paid : " 23 4,500 1,785 Int. paid i '• 24 12,900 10,450 203 90, '• 25 3,600 . . . j . . - [Paid in full. " 26 15,450 10,815 648 90 Li 07 7.500 2,700 ' Int. paid ! '• 28 5,200 1,872 j Int. paid " 29 9,975 8,130 50, 1,216 68 '; 30 20,200 7,162 i Int. paid " 31 30,100 20,771 501 1,717 22 " 32 2,014 906 30 35 24 « 33 4,200 2,597 44 170 09 " 34 16,950 16,540 1,460 95 " 35 5,200 3.431; Int. paid " 36 4,650 350 Int. paid " 37 1,050 . . . . . _ Paid in full. '; 38 20,100 7,236 ! Int. paid >; 39 9,900 888 | Int- Paid " 40 4,500 2,246 14i Int. paid ^ 41 3,150 1,716 j Int. paid " 42 27,900 , 15,000 Int. paid " 43 17,600 8,000 Int. paid ( -i 44 4,500 - - - Paid in full. '< 45 4,050 - - - 'Paid in full. " 46 3,750 2,475 Int. paid " 47 1.920 1,197 60 Int. paid '' " 48 4,320 2,851 20 Int. paid '• 49 4,200 ---'--- IPaidinfull. " 50 17,350 _ Paid in full. « 51 5,500 2,805 168 30 '■ 52 4,500 3,380 : Int. paid '• 53 3,150 1,606 501 32 13 « 54 20,000 9,000 | Int. paid '• 55 12,000 5,985 96 Int. paid '■ 56 2.500 2,050 Int. paid " 57 8,250 4,181 38 Int. paid ' " 58 10,500 5,355 Int. paid i " 59 4,072 50 . . . - - - IPaidinfull. " 60 4,500 - - - - - - iPaid in full. " 61 5,400 3,294 197 64' " 62 17,150 17,150 - - - Suspended in Chancery. " 63 4,200 1,100 i 80 44; " 64 6,750 2.767 50 Int. paid ! " 65 2,475 990 Int. paid ; •: 66 2,250 2,071 67 85 62, " 67 15,600 14,456 867 36 « 68 5,062 50 3,746 25 Int. paid " 69 10,000 4,670 Int. paid : " 70 32,750 . . . - - - j Paid in full. " 71 10,500 5,355 Int. paid « 72 45,900 45,900 3,691 60 " 73 2,406 69 . . . - . . Paid in full. « 74 6,000 2,160 Int. paid 1 CITY ACCOUNTS. 179 Statement of Fire Loan Bonds—-continued. Balance priii- Balance inter- (Original Loan cipal due. est due. REMARKS. No. 75 j 7,200 6,336 829 22 " 76 ! 3,637 50 2,400 75 Int. paid " 77 i 9,000 6,300 88 28 " 78 9,900 1 9,405 Int. paid " 79 i 4,125 j 1,800 Int. paid | '• 80 I 9,600 i 9,440 Int. paid ! " 81 2,600 1,046 ! Int. paid " 82 ! 6,500 4,640 i Int. paid j " 83 3,250 ' 2,860 1 Int. paid | " 84 ! 4,000 j......iPaid in full. « 85 : 10,500 8,694 35 Int. paid '• 86 1 3,825 3,085 50 Int. paid " 87 ! 3,825 2,966 Int. paid 4i 88 1 9,000 5,100 Int. paid '• 89 6,240 . . . . . . Paid in full. " 90 i 13,680 4.924 80 Int. paid " 91 ! 4,500 i 3,823 39 Int. paid Total. '885,780 691525,301 98 15,526 57 Statement of Fire Loan Bonds, up to date of sale of Property. Amt principal Amount re- Name. Original Loan and int. due ceived bv city Remarks. A. Black, at time of sale on re-sale. 45.722 50 35,376 67 19,230 00 ) amount received foi \ property sold. 7,000 00 1 estimated value un-£ sold property. Chadeston Hotel, 75,000 00 84,622 33 57,000 00 G. W. Cramer, 3.750 00 4,188 75 4,550 00 T. Fell, 5,250 00 5,923 00 6,000 00 esti'ed. value unsold. A. Fourgeaud. 17,550 00 20.821 50 15,000 00 estfed. value unsold. B. Johnson, 8,700 00 9,823 25 7,250 00 J. C. Ker, 34,500 00 36,376 50 8,000 00 30,000 00 ) amount receivetli'oi £ property sold. esli'eil. value unsold. P. Ling, 4,500 00 4,883 75 3,800 00 B. S. Smith, trust 6,900 00 7,900 00 7,410 23 Jas. H. Sutcliffe, 11,910 00 13,303 00 7,430 00 Tovey & Babson, 4,875 00 5,406 25 4,400 00 Jenny Turpin. 2,700 00 3,078 00 2,700 00 I Total. 221,357 50 230,703 00 179,770 23 IgQ CENSUS OF CHARLELTON. BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. " The number of births, marriages and deaths that annually occur in a place, is an element of information indispensable to a correct view of the population; hence, in almost all civilized governments, records are now made, and means exist, tor obtaining these facts." We quote the above from Mr. Shattuck, deeming it worthy of the serious attention of the City authorities, and of the State at large. Our information on this head is confined to a single year, as no records have ever been kept, either by the State or City, of Births and marriages. Two or three years ago, the City Council passed an ordinance, in which it was rendered incumbent on the City Register, to keep a registry of all the Births, Marriages and Deaths; but the mode of obtaining this information was not specified, and after long and fruitless efforts to obtain the required infor- mation, the plan was abandoned as impracticable. Recently the Board of Health passed a resolution, urging upon Council the propriety of passing such laws upon the subject, as would enable the City Register to perform the duties imposed by the ordinance, and we trust that at no distant day that body will give their serious attention to a matter of so great importance to every civilized community. The number of Births, Marriages and Deaths that occurred in the City in 1848, were obtained by personal enquiries, and the results are as follows. WHITES. | j SLAVES. || FREE COLORED. Wards. 1 5 3 o Totals. i o 1 •"■ B £. 5" ' Males. Totals. Ci 3 >-3 1 40 30 70 44 44 88 4 2 6 2 45 49 94 78 61 1391 10 7 17 3 70 76 146 50 45 95 4 7 11 4 74 81 155 86 76 162 13 9 22 Total 229 236 465 258 226 484 31 25 56 BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. 181 The proportion which the male bear to the female births, in each class of the population, appears from the following table : WHITES. Births. Proportion. Male, 229 49.24=97.00: or 100. Female, 236 50.76 100. to" 103.00 465 100.00 SLAVES. Births. Proportion. Male, 258 53.31=100.00 :or 112.03 Female, 226 , 46.69 87.58 to 100. 484 100.00 FREE COLORED. Births. Proportion. Male, 31 55.36=100. :or 124.01 Female, 25 44.64 80.63 to 100. 56 100.00 It appears that during the year 1848, the male births among the white population were less by 3 per cent. than the female. This must be considered an excep- tional year in this respect, for in almost all years in which enumerations of the population have been made, the males have exceeded the females, at.d a reference to the subject of " Public Health" will show that the male deaths exceed the female. As there are no other years, however, with which the births can be compared, the present proportions must remain, to be corrected by future observations. Among the slave and free colored population, the male exceed the female births by 13, and 20 per cent.; there must, however, be a greater mortality of the males in these classes at the early ages than of the females—for at#10 years the females exceed the males among the slaves, and the female free colored exceed the males at all ages. 182 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. The following table exhibits the proportion of births to the population, in each of the three classes of the population, and in the slaves and free colored combined, for the year 1848. Births. Population. In 100. One in Whites, - - 465 14,187 3.27 30 Slaves, - - - 484 10,772 4.49 22 Free Colored, - - 56 1,492 3.86 25 Slaves and Free Colored, 540 12,264 4.40 22 It appears from this table that the births among the slave population are proportionally the most numerous, and least numerous among the whites ; the free colored being intermediate in fecundity. If the above table be now compared with the deaths for the year 1848, it will be seen that the births exceed the deaths among the whites by upwards of one per cent., and among the colored population the deaths are nearly two per cent. less than the births. Deaths. 1848. Population. In 100. One in. Whites, 303 14,187 2.13 46 Colored, 311 12,264 2.53 39 Marriages—The following table exhibits the mar- riages that occurred among the whites during the year 1848, and the proportion to the population of each Ward. Ward. Marriages. Population. In 100. One in. 1 14 2,307 .61 164 2 28 2,578 1.08 92 3 45 3,898 1.15 86 4 55 5,404 1.02 98 Totals, 142 14,187 1.00 99 Comparisons of the marriages cannot be made with those of any other year, as these have never before been ascertained. It will be seen by comparing these tables with the tables on page 9, that the marriages were most numerous in the Ward containing the great- est proportion of foreign population. PUBLIC HEALTH. 183 PUBLIC HEALTH OF THE POPULATION. Before entering upon this subject, we have deemed it advisable to give a brief account of the climate, as it must, in some degree, exert an influence on the public health of every community. Charleston is situated at the junction of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, in north latitude 32 degrees, 45 seconds, and west longitude from Greenwich, 79 degrees, 57 seconds. The climate is exceedingly variable, and is well described by Ram- say, the historian, who says, '* It is a medium between that of tropical countries, and of cold temperate lati- tudes ; it resembles the former in the degree and dura- tion of its summer heat, and the latter in its variable- ness. In tropical climates, the warmest and coldest days do not, in the course of a twelvemonth, vary more than sixteen degrees of Farenheifs thermometer. There is consequently, but little distinction between their summer and winter; but a variation of eighty- three degrees between the heat and cold of different days of the same years, and of forty-six degrees in the different hours of the same day, in South Carolina, is to be found in its historical records." This sudden change of forty-six degrees is recorded by Dr. Chal- mers, as occurring in the year 1751. In 1813, it is stated that there was a fall of forty-four degrees in a few hours. Dr. Shecut mentions a fall of thirty-three degrees in twelve hours, occurring in 1819. At the present time, however, such great variations are not so common. In Dr. Chalmer's tables for ten years, from 1750 to 1759, the mean annual temperature was sixty-eight degrees ; for the period of ten years, from 1809 to 1818, Dr. Shecut gives the mean annual tem- perature at sixty degrees, or a difference of eight degrees in the mean annual temperature of the city, in 24 184 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. the space of sixty years. From 1840 to the present time, the mean annual temperature has been sixty-four degrees; showing an increase of the mean tempera- ture of four degrees, since 1819. This increase is mainly attributable to the increased mildness of our winters, as the Thermometrical tables, which follow, will show a sensible decrease in the heat of summer, as compared with the years mentioned by Drs. Chal- mers and Shecut. Years. Mean Annual' temperature. frees. Hi-1: est Deg. Lowest Deg. 25 Annual Rain. 1750 65 de£ 96 53.50 1751 67 " 94 23 54.43 1752 67 u 101 18 46.49 1753 67 u 91 28 40.93 1754 68 .i 93 1 22 37.06 1755 65 a 90 i 27 44.14 1756 67 u 96 26 33.76 1757 66 .; 90 ! 25 40.17 1758 64 L. 95 | 25 31.95 1759 67 " 94 i 27 34.51 The i nhabitant s were exempt fr om Yellow v fever fro 1750 to 1799, with the exception of a few cases in 1753 and 1755. There is no notice of the prevalence of winds for this period. The average fall of rain for ten years, was 41.69 inches; the greatest fall being 54.43, in 1751, and the least 31.95 inches, in 1758. The mean annual temperature for this period of ten years, was 66 degrees; the highest being 101, in 1752, and the lowest 18 degrees, in the same year. Years. Mean Heat. Highest Deg. 1792 66 degrees. 93 1793 66 a 89 1794 65 i; 91 1795 64 ii 92 1796 65 It 89 Lowest Deg. Prevailing Winds. Aunual Rain. 34 E 31 W 29 E 29 ' E l 74.2 17 W 58.1 PUBLIC HEALTH. 185 Years. Mean Heat. Highest Deg. Lowest Deg. P$inds?g Annual Ruin. 1797 00 a 83 22 ! W 55. 1798 64 a 90 31 E 45.2 1799 65 a 91 23 j W 75.4 1800 64 a 89 28 W 51.6 1801 67 .i 90 ■30 | W 42.9 These results are from observations kept by Dr. Wilson. The prevailing winds, for a period of ten years, 1792 to 1801, were westerly. The average fall of rain, for the eight years specified in this period, was 57.5 inches. The highest thermometries range, 93 degrees, in 1792, and the lowest, 17 degrees, in 1796. The mean annual temperature was 65 degrees. The yellow fever raged every summer during this period, with the exception of 1793 and 1798. Years. Mean Heat. | Highest Deg. Lowest Deg. Prevailing! Winds. Annual Rain. 1802 ; 68 de grees. i 89 32 w 39.1 1803 | ■ 67 a 1 90 30 . E ! 58.9 1804 j 67 a 91 34 W | 54.3 1805 ; 68 a 91 26 w ! 37.3 1806 | 68 i. ! 92 26 E | 43.7 1807 68 w 9^ 24 W | 42.2 1808 67 a 91 26 w 40.8 1809 j 67 a ; 66.0 1810 | 67 a i 45.4 1811 ! 67 a 1 i 49.3 In this series of years, the yellow fever was very fatal in 1802, 1804 and 1807 ; slight in 1803,1805 and 1806. The annual mean for this series often years was 67 degrees. The higliest degree being 92.], in 1807, and the lowest 21 degrees, in 1807. The average fall of rain was 47.7 inches. Prevailing wind from west. CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Abstract of Meteorological Observations at Charleston- By the City Inspectors, 1832 1 THERMOMETE.l. | 1 7 a.m. | MEAN. Highest Degree. 82 Lowest Degree. Prevailing Winds. Weather Prevailing Fair. iip. m. 1 9 p. in. 1 January, 45 64 1 . 46 20 NE. February, ' 53 66 54 1 80 40 SW. a March, 53 67 55 I 78 41 NE. "' April, 1 61 70 62 1 83 44 SW. it May, | 71 80 74 86 58 SW. Ci June, | 72 85 11 ' 90 65 SW. it July, 77 85 77 93 72 SW. ii August, 77 83 ! 11 87 76 SW. Rain. September, 73 SO 75 88 67 SW. Fair. October, 63 69 66 81 45 NE. ii November, 54 62 57 77 40 N. '; December, 49 57 52 69 32 NE. ii 183 3 THERMOMETER. MEAN. Highest Lowest Degree. Prevailing Winds. Weather Prevailing 7 a. in. 1 ~|>. in. 1 9 p.m. Degree. January, 47 56 ! 51 1 73 j 20~ SW. Cloudy. February, 50 59 54 1 74 ' 36 NE. Fair. March, " 52 64 56 | 76 1 31 S. " April, 62 70 62 i 84 j 52 NE. May, 72 75 73 | 90 ! 67 E. " June, 75 85 77 93 69 SE. " July, 78 88 79 ' 93 | 73 S. a August, 76 86 79 94 i 73 NE. September, 73 85 76 93 60 NE. " October, 59 74 63 90 ! 39 NW. 1 " November, 51 ' 61 54 32 N. 1 « December, 46 1 54 | 19 66 4 34 N. i " 183 THERMOMETER. | i Jarnary, MEAN. Hishi".! Degree. ^78~~ L est j D-'-m-e. _ 1 28 Prevailing Winds. N. Weather 1 Prevailing 7 a. in. 1 --2)). in. 1 9 p. m. , 45 j 53 ; 47 1 Rain. Feb-uary, 54 ; 67 ■ 57 , 83 | 40 S. J Fair. Mar :h, 54 1 64 58 ! 80 37 NE. ii April, 61 , 72 64 84 j 42 S. « May, 71 j 77 1 73 | 89 i tJ:> SE. i. June, 1 81 i 87 83 92 77 S. it July, ! 82 88 83 93 78 s. August, 1 80 85 | 81 94 , 75 s. " September, 75 | 82 | 77 , 89 64 i N'' " October, 65 75 1 68 88 42 ! N. ; ii November, i 53 1 66 56 79 ! 32 ! K. December, j 46 | 58 1 51 72 ! 40 ! «. METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 187 1835 THERMOMETER. MEAN. Highest Degree. Lowest Degree. 26 15 28 Prevailing 7 a.m. •2 p. m. 1 9 p.m. Winds. January, February, March, 43 38 57 54 53 61 47 43 53 75 74 76 S. s. E. April, Mav, 62 74 68 81 65 81 77 89 48 66 S. June, 78 85 82 94 73 SW. Julv, 79 85 82 93 68 SE. August, 80 87 83 94 75 s. September, October, 63 78 71 bi 86 82 60 52 NE. NE. November, 62 68 64 80 39 SE. December, 45 57 to 66 38 NE. 183G THERMOMETER. MEAN. Highest Degree. ~~68 Lowest Degree. "To Prevailing Winds. NE. Weathc 7 a.m. a p. ni. a p. in. Prevaili January, 47 55 50 Fair. February, 44 55 49 72 26 W " March, 51 61 54 78 38 S. ti April, 66 70 66 82 52 s. " May, 72 79 73 86 59 s- June, i i 84 79 92 66 S. July, 81 88 82 94 69 SW. ■• August, 86 S9 83 94 79 SW. September, 79 87 81 92 70 NE. October, 60 69 57 84 47 NE. " November, 45 56 52 80 32 NW " December, 42 53 47 71 26 N. 1837 1 THERMOMETER. Ta7ni7~! 40 ! M E A N . Highest Degree. 55 Lowest 1 legree. 20 Winds. ' Weather -2 p. III. : D |j. 111. Prevailing Prevailin January, 47 43 NW. Fair. February, 46 ' 55 51 66 33 SW. « March, 52 60 56 76 30 NE. April, 59 65 60 72 50 NW. ' " May, 70 77 72 86 62 s. i June, 77 83 77 94 67 s. July, 83 90 84 98 78 s. August, 82 87 83 91 78 E. " September, 75 i 82 77 81 65 NE. i; October, 69 76 69 87 50 N. " November, 59 65 62 75 37 N. it December, 50 54 52 73 40 N. « 188 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON 1838 1 THERMOMETER. i MEAN. Highest | Degree. Lowest ?revailinc,r Winds. " Weather Prevailing 7 a.m. 1 2 p.m. 1 9 p.m. January, 51 | 58 l 54 74 1 30 1 NE. Fair. February, 43 51 1 46 67 ! 27 | N. i. March, 54 62 1 55 81 40 i SE. " April, 63 72 65 85 | 51 i NE. ■' May, 69 ! 76 J 67 S6 ! 61 S. ii June, 77 ! 84 1 78 90 69 SE. i* July, 84 1 90 85 97 i 80 S. it August, S3 88 J 79 96 79 s. *<• September, 74 1 87 74 88 i 60 NE. ii October, 62 1 69 66 86 45 NE. " November, 52 64 53 76 26 N. ii December, 42 56 1 47 85 20 N. " 183 D TH SRMOMETER. MEAN. Highest Degree. 67 Lowest Decree. Prevailing Winds. N. Weather Prevailing Fair. 7 a.m. 2 p.m. | 9 p.m. January, 43 56 47 30 February, 46 63 48 76 32 N. i. March, 54 63 54 74 24 N. '• April, 63 70 65 ! 77 47 NE. " Mat". 72 78 74 85 65 S. " June, 80 86 81 95 73 1 s. " July, j 80 85 81 92 75 s. it August, ! 79 84 80 90 71 s. " September, 74 80 76 87 67 s. ii October, 68 73 68 80 61 NE. ii November, 53 60 I 55 71 32 NW. » December, 44 52 1 47 70 32 NW. it 1840 Till RMOMETER. MEAN. Prevailing winds. NW W nther 7 a. m. 2 p.m. 1 s 3 "* 1 0? re 54 67 36 NW lair 53 71 32 NW " 59 76 40 SW ti 68 85 41 SW ii 69 85 50 sw " 78 96 63'sw n 82 93 69 sw rain 79 91 65 sw fairj 76 90 55 NE " 1 66 84 43.NE '• 56 75 36nw " 44 62 20!nw rain| METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 191 Rain. cldy Pair. a o ■ ST - i a St-0 >> - Sg Q tO00(Mmm-* od ci co l- co m >o C~. CO i—i CO CO l- r- o (D O) ci -" ci ci i-" XX t- co m cc'co"—." O Oi X L- CM lO CM to ^ « m ~i ci'© oo 6 m 10 t ^ ^* ^ "O L' c O l' t- (O Tf f CO CO CO Tf CO CO CO l- CC in CO CO Range -HlOTfClCOi—ICO-rfCO-fi-rCO coiocoir-t-ooooooooir-ir-ce 'O CI © -T CO CO O. 00 00 Ci CO CO 3 o m- co co co oo oo r- r- I- "CiCOOOOOCM-HCKMfflKj CO lO CO 1- I- 00 00 00 00 t- CO CO cm oi Oi © m go i- co co in CO t- Oi Oi CO CO oi co .-< o m co CO 00 Oi f cot^'t ^_Tt_in CO Oj © co oo cc CO i-h CO o co co © r~ cm -h r~ od CO t^ f- t- L~ 00 O CO L~ in CO CO CO Tf 00 r- cm' t^ CO IQ CO CO 00 00 I> CM O CO CC aq io 'O od ci ci OX Q\ Oi CO CM CO co co in oo © f co -f co o >o co Tf q ci co cc oi oi co Oi CI 71 CI CI Cq CI CM CO CO 01 © CO ci CI CI r- co o -f o >o © — co co co co co © co co ci co" OO CO © CO OI OI Cq CI CM CO - ^ +-:' h ^g >»> uu ^fel <3c7QO^Q lOOTffrtOCD'HOOCNCMr- COC»iOI-^C0©oqcMC>;r-;I>C0 ^c^cd©'cdcdco'ooTf©"©rH iZ,' 02 02 02 iZ 02 02 OQ £ £ OQ OQ* •M z; 02 02 iz' z' oi z oq* !?i 2 jzi £ aj Rain. Clod'y TfTfCOCMr-lOlCJOOi-tCMCOOO mcococoir-oot^coiocMoocM SJ Fair. CMoococMcocqco©Tfrc-oo© TfI>C0COO0©C0CO©t~COCO~ corHncqcqr-coc«(NCDioco Tf(Mcocdc>rHco'Tf'oo'odcocd Tf Tf Tf ir; co t-t-r-CO iO in Tf K5Tf CDO^ inOH-fOOOO CMCOCOOOt^COt^COTfCMCO -HCDTfOOCMOOOTfrtOOiH ic-ic-tc-oooocoooooooooir-ir- CO 00 ,-< CO H CO in m Tf CO CT f; 00 OI Tf Co' CO >o CO CO rl CO © CO i-l Tf CO l-H oo >n to oi H H d >o co t- oo oo co co r- iooo co co ic- r- © t- co oo © oo co -r O -f CM »C CO CO CO lO Tf CM t~ Co oo" CO I -f m t- co o L-; CO CO CO CI lO O CO CO CO CO Tf CO co >n r- i- >n co co CO E~ CO t^ ci co re- t- CO lOO-fr-rtOO'i'cOCMCTtiOiH |WfvfiocDM-l-r-COTfTf |C5i3(OmiQMO(SOOOh cicocoiOioic-lc-lr-co>ocoiro < CO r-l OO Od ■ CO Tf CO l-H i co oo co ci • IT- CO CO >o O 1- CO t-; t-" -h co r- CO CO CO 00 CO CO ic- CO od ci >o Tf ■ ic- i- co in Range COCOCOCO-fCOCOCM CO 0O_ i-h CO CO CO CO CO r^ ci co -t -f t-" co od in in in co co r- t- ic- © rt l-H CO co iq o © CO CO Tf © t~ co co >n -f CO r~ co © ©' CO CO CO co co in ©" © ©" co oo co co co cq in iq © o ©" © CI CO ci oo >n co Oi Oi cm cq COCO 1- m in co oi ci oo Cl Cl CM co o o T -f Tf iq iq Oi Oi Oi Oi CI CM cm cq 00 00 CO CM oi © CI CO Tf CO -H CO d ci CO CM oo r~ co oo co oo ci CO oo ci cq cq *T rt ^r°pO S IJ | a ^^s September. ) Mean Heat—June, July,) August, September, $ Mean Annual Heat, Fall of Rain—June, July, ) August, September, £ Annual foil of Rain, 1792 1793 81.4 79. 66. 1794 82.4 79.7 66.5 82. 78.9 65.8 1795 80.8 78.2 64.5 36 72.1 1796 1797179811799:180011801 1802 80.8 80.9 78.2 65. 34.5 58.1 77.9 66.4 27.7 55. 80.3 77.6 64.8 23.6 45.2 80.9 78.2 65.2 44. 75.4 82.1 78.5 64.2 12.6 51.6 82.7 79.9 67.5 20.8 1803 80.5 78.8 68.1 26.3 1804 180511806 1807 82. 79.4 67.3 30.1 42.91 39.ll 58.5 82.4[ 83.2 81.71 80.8 67.1 68.6 28. 18.4 83. 80.8 68.6 23 54.41 36.8 43.8 1808 83.5 80.8 66.6 1809 1810 1811 82.5 80.5 68 16.6 15.2 81.1 78.1 67. 33.9 42.2' 40.81 66. 181.7 67.2 20.4 45.4 82.2 79.3 67. 22.5 49.3 PUBLIC HEALTH. 193 Table of Mean Results, from 1840 to 1847—from Reports of City Inspectors. 1840. 1841. 18-10. 1847. January, 46.1 February, 66.7 March, 58.7 April, 68.6 Mav, 75.4 June, 78.6 July, 76.1 August, 78.0 September, 78.6 October, 68.0 November, 56.3 December, 46.7 52.2 52.1 56.1 64.6 69.3 79.6 79.7 78.0 78.3 60.3 60.6 51.6 53.8 58.5 60.6 51.6 70.0 78.6 74.8 71.6 77.6 63.1 53.0 48.0 51.6 51.8 45.8 60.6 67.7 76.6 77.4 75.4 77.3 62.9 57.0 50.3 45.1 52.8 53.8 53.0 72.6 77.6 78.0 76.1 71.3 63.2 61.3 50.0 52.2 57.1 57.0 68.3 68.3 69.0 76.7 77,3 76,3 63.5 56.3 42.5 47.4 53.5 56.4 64.3 70.0 78.6 77.4 79.3 79.0 66.4 59.6 53.5 51.2 59.3 54.5 65.6 65.4 79.0 75.5 74.2 75.6 63.5 64.0 50.3 Meanofeach year, 66.4 65.2 63.4 62.8 j 63.1 | 63.7 65.4 64.8 The mean temperature of the atmosphere for this period of eight years was 64.3 degrees. The quantity of rain which fell during the period from 1843 to 1848 is as follows : MONTHS. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1846. 1847. 1848. January, 2.53 2.21 3.65 4.46 1.65 0.73 February, 1.28 2.33 1.20 3.78 2.80 2.73 March, 12.14 4.20 2.72 5.72 6.54 0.17 April, 0.65 1.50 0.10 2.43 0.77 2.97 May, 3.22 2.14 7.62 2.53 6.91 9.42 Jane, 3.59 1.80 1.69 5.24 3.00 0.50 July, 8.96 0.45 8.02 4.32 9.26 4.73 August, 9.68 7.38 9.42 8.24 9.21 4.59 September, 8.11 4.95 2.27 3.03 4.28 4.62 October, 2.60 1.53 5.57 2.44 0.72 9.05 November, 0.77 5.40 0.62 0.56 0.72 1.67 December, 2.20 2.50 3.62 1.58 1.97 4.12 Total, 54.73 36.39 46.50 44.33 47.83 45.30 The mean fall of Rain for these six years was 45.04 inches. 194 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Public Health.—There is no subject more inter- esting to a community than this, and none which has received so little attention in this city. The only in- formation possessed by the community is to be found in the annual Bills of Mortality, published under the au- thority of the Board of Health, by order of Council. From these we learn that in our worst seasons of sick- ness, the mortality has somewhat exceeded 3 per cent., while in the healthiest years it has not reached 2 per cent. But something more than this is necessary in order to exhibit fully the relative healthfulness of one place as compared with another, or as compared with itself at different periods. In the remarks which follow, an effort has been made to put the subject in a proper light; to compare the health of the city with itself at different periods, and also with other communities; and to afford a basis for future comparisons. In the observations and tables which have been drawn up to illustrate this subject, it has been deemed useful to separate the white from the black population, as the latter constitute a large and important class of our com- munity, differing in their diseases, and average rate of mortality. This has added vastly to the labor of the undertaking, but a reference to the tables will shew its importance and necessity. The tables have been drawn up, first in reference to the whole population, and then to the whites and blacks. A comparison of these show that statements in regard to the diseases and rate of mor- tality of the whole population vary much when com- pared with either class separately. In the the tables calculated, with a view to determine the relative healthfulness of the population, from the ages at death, it may be useful to state that no single one of the methods proposed by different authorities, can be considered of itself sufficient to indicate the PUBLIC HEALTH. 195 health of a people; they must be compared, the one with the other, and the deductions drawn from the whole conjoined. The materials for the formation of the tables have been drawn in part from the annual published Bills of Mortality, and in part from the obituary records for- merly kept by the Clerk of the Board of Health, and now by the City Register. These records can only be found from 1822, giving a period of 19 years, over which the table extends. In the effort to classify and arrange the materials furnished from these sources, much difficulty has been experienced, from the fact, that for a portion of this time these books were kept by non-medical men, and consequently diseases are sometimes reported under such strange and garbled names, that it is impossible to refer them to any speci- fied head, or even to determine to what general class of disease the cause of death should be referred. Under these cireumstances, there was no resource but to refer all such to one head, and call them " Unknown Causes," hence the large number appearing under this head in some of the years. Another source of diffi- culty arose from the fact, that in these records, even when kept by medical men, the same disease was often registered under several different names, and different diseases under the same head: this state of things aris- ing from the different theoretical views of the several Clerks or Registers. Were some uniform Nomencla- ture adopted by the City Authorities, and all diseases required to be registered according to that system, much future inconvenience might be saved, and a valu- able mass of materials accumulated for any future statistical researches. The system adopted by the National Medical Association would probably be the one best adapted to this purpose. It gives abundant 196 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. scope for the reference to some one head of all causes of death imperfectly reported. It is the one likely to be adopted by medical men throughout the United States, and permits of ready and easy classification, when required for statistical purposes. The abstracts made from the above mentioned sources, cover a period of twenty-seven years, viz: from 1822 to 1848 inclusive, and gives an aggregate of 10,919 deaths. This is an average of 737 deaths per annum, and taking the average population of the city during that period at 28,000, the proportion of deaths to the living would be 1 in 38.14, or 2.63 per 100. The deaths, however, have been divided into three periods, viz: from 1822 to 1830; from 1831 to 1840; from 1841 to 1848, for the purpose of comparison, If these periods are compared with each other, a notable dimin- ution of the proportional mortality will be seen. Thus: Absolute Mortality. Average per annum. Proportion to population. 1822 to 1830, 7,523 836 1 in 29.18 or 3.42 per 100 1831 to 1840, 7,666 766 1 in 39.66 or 2.52 per 100 1841 to 1848, 4,733 591 1 in 49.51 or 2.01 per 100 From this it appears that the absolute mortality of the city has decreased nearly 300 per annum, while the relative mortality has decliued from 3.42 per cent, to 2.01 per cent. For the further purposes of comparison, the deaths have been separated, those among the white and the black population being classed together. This division might have been carried still farther, and the slave population separated from the free blacks. As the latter, however, constitute but a very small class, not differing in their diseases fiom the former, this was deemed unimportant; the consideration of the causes of death, as affecting one or other class of the popula- tion, being sufficient for all the purposes proposed in this work. PUBLIC HEALTH. 197 If the mortality among the white population be divided into three periods, and the same be done for the blacks, the proportion to population will stand as follows: Deaths among Whites. Number of deaths. Average per annum. Proportion to population. 1822 to 1830, 3,447 383 1 in 32.2 or 3.1 percent. 1831 to 1840, 3,366 336 1 in 38.1 or 2.6 per cent. 1844 to 1848, 1,866 235 1 in 55.3 or 1.8 percent. Deaths among Blacks. Number of deaths. Average per annum. Proportion to population. 1822 to 1830, 4,076 453 1 in 34.1 or 2.9 per cent. 1831 to 1840, 4,297 429 1 in 40.6 or 2.4 per cent. 1841 to 1848, 2,847 356 1 in 45.6 or 2.1 per cent. From a review of this table, it appears that the deaths among the white population has decreased in a much greater ratio than among the blacks, falling from 1 in 34.2 to 1 in 55.3 : or from 3.1 per cent, to 1.8 per cent., while in the latter class the decrease has been only .8 per cent. In a subsequent part of this report, it will be seen that a part, at least, of this decrease, arises from the less number of deaths from the Zymotic class of dis- eases, that class, by which the health of a population is to be chiefly decided. In the tables which follow, at the end of this chapter, the causes of death are presented in two forms. In the first series they are alphabetically arranged, showing the number of deaths from each disease in each year among the white and the black population for a period of twenty-seven years, viz: from 1822 to 1848. In the second series they are classified with some slight modi- fications, according to the system proposed to, and adopted by, the National Medical Association in 1848. This classification has been selected as the one which will hereafter be used in all estimates of public health, and therefore will afiord the best basis for comparing the health of one section of country with another. 198 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. We now proceed to make a few remarks on the causes of death, as they appear in the classified tables. 1. Zymotic Diseases.—Under this head arc included all epidemic, endemic, and contagious diseases. It is the property of this class of diseases to prevail more extensively at one season than another, and under cer- tain circumstances to become both epidemic and con- tagious. The relative mortality from them is supposed with some reason to indicate the greater or less degree of healthfulness of a place. The deaths from this class among the whole population amounted to 1,905; 2,314: and 937, or 25,51: 30.98: and 20.08 per cent, of all the deaths during the three periods,'; showing a considerable increase of deaths from this class of causes, during the second period, and a notable diminution in the third. This large increase in the second period arose from the prevalence of Epidemic Cholera, and of Yellow Fever. The first of these caused a terrible mortality among the black population, both slave and free; the second occurred during the year 1838, immediately after the great fire of that year, which destroyed a large portion of the city, and by exposing to the action of the sun and air a large quantity of putrescible materials, proba- bly originated the epidemic. The deaths among the white population from this class of causes were 1,151; 1,287 : and 407, or 33,67: 38.89: and 21.86 per cent, of all the deaths, exhibiting a slight increase in the second period, and a very re- markable diminution in the third period, and if the deaths from this class of causes are to be considered a criterion of health, arguing an increase of health in the population. The deaths among the black population for the three series amounted, respectively, to 754: 1,027; and 530, or 18.66: 24.73; and 18.90 per cent, of all the deaths. The cause of this increased mortality PUBLIC HEALTH. 199 in the second series, was the prevalence of epidemic Cholera, which prevailed in 1836, and expended itself chiefly upon the black population, whose habitual care- lessness rendered all hygienic precautions utterly futile. Subtract the deaths from this disease from the general mortality by this class, and there will appear a remark- able uniformity in the percentage of deaths from Zymotic diseases in the black population. This pro- portion, then, would stand as follows: 1822 to 1830, from Zymotic diseases, 18.66 per ct. of all deaths. 1831 to 1840, " " " excluding Cholera, 15.56 per ct. 1841 to 1848, " " " 18.90 per ct. Shewing that this class of the population is but little affected by the epidemic or endemics common to our climate. Cholera, and its kindred affections, diarrhoea and dysentery, with the exception of the period when Epidemic Cholera prevailed, adds but little to the gen- eral mass of mortality from this class of diseases; the proportion varying from .54 per cent., the lowest to 8.12 per cent., the highest, which was during the Cholera epidemic. According to the older writers, Hewet, Chalmers, Oldmixon, and others, these diseases contributed in former years largely to the general sum of mortality, and their decrease argues an improvement either in the climate or the habits of the people, perhaps both. Under the head of Cholera Infantum, is found a large increase of proportionate mortality, rising, among the whites, from .15 per cent, to 1.67 per cent., and among the blacks from .02 per cent, to 1.60 per cent. If taken alone, this would indicate a large increase of infantile mortality from this source. But a large num- ber of diseases, which in former years were registered under the vague term of "Infantile," have latterly been placed under their proper head of Infantile Cholera, as a reference to "Infantile Diseases," under the next class 26 200 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. of diseases, will shew; these latter having decreased from 3.86 per cent, to 2.90 per cent, among the whites; and from 6.75 per ct, to .14 per ct. among the blacks. Fevers of all kinds, excluding Yellow, caused 365; 251; and 99, or 10.67; 7.58; and 5.31 per cent, of all the deaths among the whites, shewing a considerable im- provement in the mortality from this cause. Among the blacks, the proportion of deaths from fevers has remained very constant; thus the deaths were 160; 163; 95, in the three periods, or 3.95; 3.92; 3.98 per cent., evidencing considerable uniformity in the degree of their liability to the endemic fevers of the climate. From the attacks of Yellow Fever, this class is almost exempt, the deaths by that disease amountfng only to .20 per cent, in the first period, and .14 per cent, in the second period. Among the white population, the largest proportional mortality from any of this c!ess of diseases arises from Yellow Fever. In the first and second series, the deaths amount to 352; and 597, re- spectively, being in the proportion of 10.29; and 17.48 per cent, to all the deaths from all other causes. In the third period, however, there is a rapid diminution, the deaths from this cause only amounting to .17 per cent. Yellow Fever first prevailed as an epidemic in this city in 1699 or 1700; the exact date cannot now be ascertained. According to the account given of it by Dr. Hewet, it prevailed in that year very extensively, carried off a large number of the inhabitants, including many of the chief men of the province, and was called the plague. The same disease recurred in 1703, and caused as fearful a mortality as at its previous visitation. From this period, no mention is made of its occurrence until 1728, when it again recurred, and was then first called Yellow Fever, although from the description given of the two former epidemics, there PUBLIC HEALTH. 201 can be no doubt of the identity of the last with the two preceding. In this year, also, it caused a great number of deaths. In the year 1732, it commenced its ravages in May, and continued until September or October; during the height of the epidemic, from 8 to 12 whites were buried daily. It again appeared in 1939, 1745, and 1748, and is said to have raged as severely in these years as in 1732. The number of deaths which it caused in those years cannot now be ascertained. From 1748 to 1792, no epidemics of Yellow Fever occurred, although it is stated that in 1753 and 1755, a few sporadic cases were seen. In 1792, a new series of epidemics occurred; it raged in that year, in 1794, 1795, 1796,1797,1799, 1800,1801, 1802,1804,1807. The deaths from it in those years, in which any ac- counts are to be found, were: In 1799, 239 " 1800, 184 In 1804, 148 " 1802, 96 " 1807, 162 From 1807 to 1817, a period of ten years, there was nearly a complete exemption from epidemics of this disease. In this latter year it re-appeared, and caused 270 deaths, of which a large number were children. In 1819, it again prevailed epidemically, causing 176 deaths. In the next year it prevailed slightly, but did not become epidemic. In 1824, another serious epi- demic occurred, which carried off 231 persons. From this period, 1824—to 1838, no serious visitation of yellow fever occurred, although several cases of it existed in each of the years 1827, 1828, 1834, 1835. In 1838, the most serious epidemic occurred which has been known in the annals in Charleston, and causing the largest mortality which has ever resulted from the disease in this city. In 1839, it was again epidemic, but to a much less extent, than during the former year. 202 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. From 1839 to the present time, nine years have elapsed during whidh the city has been exempt from the visita- tions of the scourge, and it is a question vitally import- ant to her interests, whether this exemption is to con- tinue, or whether it is but one of those pauses which have occurred at various intervals in her history. This problem can be solved by time only. No deduc- tions as to the future can be drawn from the history of the past. A reference to the preceding sketch will show that epidemics of Yellow Fever have occurred with such distant intervals between the periods of its occurrence, that the lifetime of one generation would scarcely be sufficient to mark the interval. There are some circumstances, however, which may afford a basis for a rational hope, that the visitations of these epidem- ics, so fatal to the best interests of the city, will here- after become less frequent and less severe. An exami- nation of the tables of mortality at the end of the chapter, for the pastfifteen years will show a steady and progres- sive diminution of the annual number of deaths, not only from all causes, but also from Zymotiq diseases, the tests of health, uninterrupted save by the occurrence of Epi- demic Cholera in 1836, and the epidemics of Yellow Fever of 1838-9. Had the latter originated spontane- ously, it would argue strongly against any permanent improvement in the health of the city, but it is well known that in the spring of '38 occurred the dreadful fire which laid nearly a fifth part of the city in ruins, and exposed to the action of the sun and air nearly 150 acres, saturated with the accumulated offscourings of nearly six hundred families, leaving cesspools, wells and cellars bare, and ready to give off their fatal emanations as soon as acted upon by the rays of the summer sun. It was not to be wondered at, therefore, that an epi- demic arpse which exceeded in severity all that had been PUBLIC HEALTH. 203 known heretofore in Charleston. During the succeed- ing summer, there still remained sufficient putrescent materials exposed, in the burnt district to give rise to a second but less extensive epidemic; since which time the gradual covering of the ground with buildings, and the destruction of the putrefying materials, have re- moved the sources from which the poisonous miasms were generated, and the ravages of the disease have entirely ceased. With this exception, the general health of the city has been progressively improving, and as this improvement has occurred in conjunction with radical changes introduced into the system of sewerage and drainage, it affords rational ground for belief that this improvement is dependant upon the greater degree of cleanliness effected by the new sys- tem, and that a still greater degree of health may be expected from a pursuance and completion of the new measures. It may not be allowed to man entirely to remove all sources of sicknesss and death, but attention to cleanliness, ventilation, and the laws of hygiene, may place a community in such a condition as to destroy in a great degree, if not entirely, the effect of morbific poisons when introduced into their midst. Measles are reported in the earlier records of the city to have been very fatal in 1747: 1759: 1772: 1775: 1776: and from 1791 to '96, inclusive, and also again in 1802-3. Since which last period they have caused but little mortality. In the last twenty-seven years, the deaths among the white population from this disease have only reached .69 per cent., and this in the last of the three periods into which the tables are divided. Among the black population, it was more fatal, the proportion reaching 1.66 per cent, for the same period. This is to be accounted for rather by the greater difficulty experienced in regulating the diet, 204 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. and degree of exposure of the children of this class, than from a greater liability to the disease. Small Pox appears also to weigh more heavily on this class of our population than on the whites: for among the former, the deaths stand in the proportion of 1.66: .92, and 1.75 per cent., while among the latter they only reach 1,03: .26, and .33 per cent, in the respective periods. In the earlier history of the city, it is recorded that in 1700 and 1717, two very fatal epidemics of small pox occurred, which carried off a large number of inhabitants, both white and black; it appeared again in 1732, but effectual precautions were taken, which prevented its extension. In 1738, how- ever, it prevailed epidemically and was very fatal; 2,112 persons were attacked, of whom 411, or 20 per cent., died; of these, 833 were whites, 166 of whom, or 20 per cent., died; among the blacks, 1,279 cases occurred, of which only 145, or 12.5 per cent., were fatal. At that period, therefore, the black population suffered less from attacks of this disease than the white. In 1760, it again recurred, and the deaths from it amounted to 940, only 87 deaths being recorded from all other causes during that year; the deaths from this disease bearing the frightful proportion of 91.52 per cent, to the deaths from all other causes. It again prevailed epidemically in 1763 and 1780, since which time no extensive epidemics are recorded. Scarlatina is not spoken of, in the earlier Medical records of the city, as one of the prevailing diseases, and it is generally believed to be of comparatively re- cent introduction; but it is more than probable that many of the deaths formerly registered under the head of " Putrid and Malignant Sore-throat" were in reality cases of Scarlatina—of this, however, there is little cer- tainty. In the period comprised in the tables, this PUBLIC HEALTH. 205 cause would appear to be on the increase, since the proportion of deaths rises from 2.55 in the first series of years, to 5.33 in the last, among the white popula- tion, and from .87 per cent, to 1.92 among the blacks. From these tables also, it appears that this is a more fatal affection to white than to black children. During the period comprised in the last series of years how- ever, a very fatal, although not very extensive epidemic of Scarlatina occurred, which adds much to the mor- tality from this cause, during that period. Diseases of Uncertain or General Seat.—Under this head has been placed one cause of death which is usually referred to the preceding class. Under the vague term " Fever" there have been annually re- ported many deaths. Circumstances which it would be out of place to detail here, arose, during the course of examination of the obituary records, which induced the belief that most of these so called " fevers" were, in reality, inflammations, many of them being examples of inflammations of some portions of the nervous apparatus, others inflammations of the bowels and heart. It was therefore deemed advisable to separate this cause from the first or Zymotic class, and place it under the second, although it might more properly have been referred to the "non-specified causes." The number of deaths from this, the second class of causes, has decreased from 16.95 per cent, in the first period to 12.14 per cent, in the last, among the white population; and from 23.99 to 14.23 among the black. It is probable, however, that this decrease depends rather upon a better registration of the causes of death, than upon an absolute decline of this class of causes. Many cases which were formerly registered under the vague terms of" debility," " infantile disease," " sudden death," are now more specifically designated. 206 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. The only cause of death in this class, in which there probably is really some improvement, is dropsy, the mortality from which has receded nearly 3. per cent. Diseases of the Nervous System.—The deaths from this class of causes is apparently slightly on the increase among the whites, more decidedly so among the blacks. This must always be expected in a progressive popula- tion, for in proportion to the increase of the numbers of a people become the efforts necessary to obtain the means of subsistence ; the powers of mind and body are taxed to the utmost, and the nervous system, called upon for constant and unremitting efforts, is soon over- tasked, and a foundation for its disorders is thus speedily laid. The greater proportion which this class of dis- eases bears to the general mass of mortality, among the black population as compared with the white, depends upon the greater frequency of infantile convulsions, and infantile lock-jaw, among that class. To convulsions the children of this class are more liable, from unre- strained indulgence of the appetite, which is permitted and even encouraged by the parents. The cause or causes of their great liability to infantile lock-jaw yet remain to be discovered. Diseases of the Organs of Respiration.—The largest mortality from this class of causes arise from Consump- tion. Among the black population, the deaths from this cause are largest in the first series of years; among the whites, it is largest in the last. It must not, how- ever, be hence argued that Consumption is on the in- crease among the whites, and on the decrease among the blacks. The white deaths from this cause give but very uncertain indications of the degree of frequency of this affection among the native population, inasmuch as many Consumptives come from more northern lati- tudes to this city in search of a more genial sky, and a PUBLIC HEALTH. 207 more temperate winter. Of these many die annually among us, and thus swell the list of deaths from this cause. The black tables, on the contrary, will give a much better indication of the proclivity of our native population to the disease, the liability of both races to Consumption, being about equal in this climate. If the tables of mortality of the two races be examined, it will be found that the deaths by Consumption among the blacks are rather less than among the whites; and that the proportion which they bear to the other causes of death, is nearly equal in the last two series of years; a little higher in the first. This greater rate of mortali- ty in the first series, depends upon the occurrence of epidemic hooping cough, in this series of years, which in the black population terminates in Consumption much more frequently than in the whites. Leaving out the first series therefore, the proportion which Con- sumption bears to all other causes of death would be about 14. per cent, for our native population. Diseases of the Organs of Circulation.—The deaths from this class of causes would appear from the tables to be rather on the increase, but this is more apparent than real. Many deaths which were formerly register- ed under the vague terms of debility, sudden death, fever, &c, are now referred to their proper head, viz : disease of the heart, either acute or chronic, hence the apparent increase of this class of causes. Diseases of the Organs of Digestion.—This class of diseases, the most fertile of deaths in Southern cli- mates, would also appear from the tables to be some- what on the increase—the proportion rising from 8.34 to 11.71 among the whites, and from 9.12 to 12.69 per cent, among the blacks. This also arises, chiefly, if not entirely, from a change of nomenclature. Many deaths formerly registered as " fever" are now put down 27 208 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. to " Enteritis," and many cases formerly termed " infan- tile" are now registered as "teething." Hence the increase of these two classes of causes, and they alone more than make up the difference in the proportion between the first and the last series of years. Diseases of the Urinary Organs.—These constitute but a small portion of the general mass of deaths. Gravel and Inflammation of the Bladder, are the most frequent of the disorders appertaining to this class. Diseases of the Organs of Generation.—The largest number of deaths from this class of causes arise from Child-birth. The proportion which they bear to all the causes of deaths, is apparently pretty uniform in the three series of years, the difference being too small to admit of comment. Diseases of the Organs of Locomotion.—This class bears so small a proportion to the sum total of deaths, that no especial observations upon it are required. Diseases of the Integumentary System.—This is also a very small class of causes, which requires no especial remarks. Deaths from Old Age.—There is so much vagueness in the use of this term, that it is scarcely justifiable to deduce any positive conclusions from the proportion which these bear to the deaths from other causes. It appears from the tables that a larger proportion of deaths from Old Age occur among the black than among the white population. This result is confirmed by a refer- ence to the tables at the end of the chapter, in which it will be seen that a larger proportion of blacks die over 70 years of age than whites. In the censuses of 1830, 1840, and 1848, the number of blacks who reach the higher ages far exceeds the whites; the results, there- fore, which appear in the tables, are probably correct, and a greater number of blacks die of Old Age than PUBLIC HEALTH. 209 whites. The cause of this is obvious; a slave past the age of labor is supported in ease and comfort by the master, who has had the benefit of his early days of toil and labor. With no doubts, fears or anxieties as to his future subsistence, with warm clothing, abundance of food, and a good habitation, the superannuated slave leads a life of ease and comfort, which prolongs his existence far beyond the "three score years and ten" allotted to man as the duration of his existence. Deaths from External Causes.—The deaths from this class of causes are chiefly by Intemperance and Acci- dents, From the former of these causes, although slightly decreased, the deaths are still sufficiently nu- merous to be a cause of sorrow and shame to us. From a general view of all the causes of death, it appears that the deaths among the white population 1&22 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. By Zymotic diseases, were 33.67 38.89 " Sporadic " " 54.70 51.21 " Old Age and External Causes, were 11.63 9.90 100.00 100.00 The deaths among the black population 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. By Zymotic diseases, were 18.66 24.73 " Sporadic " " 68.67 64.19 " Old Age and External Causes, were 12.67 11.08 100.00 100.00 The deaths among the whole population 1H2-2 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. By Zymotic diseases, were 25.04 30.90 » Sporadic " " 62.76 58.38 " Old Age and External Causes, were 12.20 10.72 100.00 100.00 Taking the deaths from Zymotic diseases as an index of health, it appears from these tables, that although there was a considerable increase of deaths from this 1841 to 1848- 21.86 64.27 13.87 100.00 1841 to 1848. 18.90 70.15 10.95 100.00 lrtll to 1848. 20.07 67.76 12.17 100.00 210 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. class of causes in the second series of years, yet in the third there was a far greater diminution. The cause of the increase in the second period has already been ad- verted. If these tables be now compared with the tables, pages 196-7, it will be seen that they confirm the evidences there brought forward of the progressive improvement of the health of the population. The Different Sexes.—If the tables marked E, at end of chapter, are examined, it will be perceived that, taken collectively, the deaths among the male popu- lation exceed those among the female by 2,314, or nearly 12. per cent. If each series of years be exam- ined separately, the proportion is as follows: 1822 to 1830. Deaths. Average. Proportion. Males, 4,250 472 56.46= 100. : or 129.67 Females, 3,273 364 43.54 to 77.12. to 100. Totals, 7,523 836 100.00 1831 to 1840. Males, 4,395 439 57.31 = 100. : or 134.25 Females, 3,268 327 42.69 to 74.49. to 100. Totals, 7,663 766 100.00 1841 to 1848. Males, 2,485 311 52.54=100. : or 110,71 Females, 2,248 281 47.46 to 99.33. to 100. Totals, 4,733 592 100.00 This appears to be a large disproportion, the male deaths exceeding the female in the proportion of 29. per cent., 34. per cent., and 10 per cent., respectively, in the three series of years. If the same tables are examined in a similar manner, separating the deaths according to races, the propor- tion is as follows: PUBLIC HEALTH. 211 WHITES. 1822 to 1830. Deaths. Average. Proportion. Males, 2,248 249 65.01=100. : or 191.28 Females, 1,199 134 34.99 to 52.88. to 100. Totals, 3,447 383 100.00 1831 to 1840. Males, 2,242 224 66.67= 100. : or 200.04 Females, 1,124 112 33.33 to 49.99. to 100. Totals, 3,366 336 100.00 1841 to 1848. Males, 1,069 134 56.78=100. : or 131.36 Females, 817 102 43.22 to 76.12. to 100. Totals, 1,886 236 100.00 BLACKS. 1822 to 1830. Deaths. Average. Proportion. Males, 2,002 222 49.01 = 100. : or 96.01 Females, 2,074 231 50.99 to 104.04. to 100.00 Totals, 4,076 453 100.00 1831 to 1840. Males, 2,153 215 50.11 = 100. : or 100.44 Females, 2,144 214 49.89 to 99.56. to 100. Totals, 4,297 429 100.00 1841 to 1848. Males, 1,416 177 49.72=100. : or 98.88 Females, 1,431 179 50.28 to 101.13. to 100.00 Totals, 2,847 356 100.00 It appears from this comparison that the causes of death are much more active, in proportion, among the male whites than among the male blacks; the propor- 212 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. tion of male deaths among the whites exceeding the female in the proportion of 91.: 100.: and 31. percent. in the three series. Among the black population, on the contrary, the proportion of deaths in the two sexes is very nearly equal in two of the series, the female even slightly exceeding the male. If, however, the mortality of each sex and race be compared with the numbers living of each, it will be found that although the deaths among the female blacks, in some years, numerically exceed the male, yet they are relatively less, as compared with the number living of that sex. For the purpose of illustrating this fact, three tables have been prepared. In the first, the mortality has been compared with the number of each sex living of the whole population. In the second and third, the same calculations have been made for the white and the black population. The years 1830, 1840, 1848, have been selected as those in which the numbers of the population were definitely ascertained, within the period comprised by the tables of mortality. Whole Population. In 100. In 100. Exc's I 1 in. 1 in. Ex's 1830-Males,1.91. Females, 1.41—.50 1840 •« 2.74 " 1.67-1.07 1848 » 2.65 " 2.27—.38 Males, 52. Females, 70—18 36 " 68—32 38 " 44— 6 White Population. In 100. In 100. Excess 1830-Males, 1.99. Females, 1.30—.69 1840 " 2.70 " 1.18-1.52 1848 » 2.25 » 2.01—.24 1 in. 1 in. Ex's Males, 50. Females, 77—27 " 36 « 85—49 " 38 " 49—11 Black Population. In 100. In 100. Excess J in. 1 in. Ex's Males, 54. Females, 67—13 36 « 48—12 1830-Males, 1.88. Females, 1.61—.27 1840 " 2.79 " 2.05—.74 1848 « 3.23 " 2.58—.65 " 31 « 39 These tables shew the truth of what was stated above, that the causes of death are more active among the males of both races, than among the females. It PUBLIC HEALTH. 213 exhibits the fact, moreover, that a much greater dis- parity exists in the proportional mortality of the sexes among the whites than among the blacks. Season.—The influence of season upon mortality is marked in all climates, especially in Southern. For the purpose of illustrating this fact, the tables marked E, at end of chapter, have been formed. In order, however, that this point may be more clearly brought to view, the following abstract has been made from them, which exhibits the effect of season upon the mortality of the whole population. MONTHS. January, Februaiy, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, Totals. dumber of Deaths. | In each 100 there were in 1822 1831 184111822 1831 1841 to to to to to to 1830 1840 1848 1830 1840 1848 537 530 381 7.14 6.92 8.04 472 442 334 6.26 5.77 7.05 484 457 376 6.43 5.96 7.94 493 423 373 6.55 5.52 7.88 600 443 385 7.98 5.78 8.14 779 643 466 10.36 8.39 9.84 847 738 425 11.26 9.64 8.97 803 886 442 10.68 11.56 9.34 851 1218 414 11.31 15.89 8.75 662 893 434 8.80 11.65 9.20 532 540 352 7.07 7.05 7.43 463 450 351 6.16 5.87 7.42 7523 7663 4733 100.00 100.00 100.00 These tables shew that of the deaths occurring among the whole population, the largest proportion were in September, in the first two series of years, while in the third, June offered the largest proportion. In the last series, there is a remarkable uniformity in the pro- portion of deaths, the highest month, June, exceeding the lowest month, February, only by 1.79 per cent. For the purpose of comparing the influence of season upon the mortality of the two races, the following tables have been constructed. 214 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. White Population, M umber of Deaths In each 100 there were in 1822 1831 1841 1822 1831 1841 MONTHS. to to to to to to 1830 1840 1848 1830 1840 1848 January, 245 219 151 7.10 6.50 8.01 February, 206 159 138 5.98 4.72 7.32 March, 199 169 129 5.76 5.02 6.84 April, 198 170 143 5.73 5.05 7.59 May, 233 157 130 6.76 4.66 6.84 June, 328 243 190 9.54 7.22 10.08 July, 355 305 181 10.29 9.06 9.60 August, 391 445 164 11.34 13.22 8.70 September, 487 630 174 14.12 18.72 9.23 October, 329 428 157 9.57 12.72 8.33 November, 265 251 172 7.69 7.46 9.13 December, 211 190 157 6.12 5.65 8.33 Totals. 3447 3366 1886 ioo.oo| 100.00 100.00I h Hack Popul ation. Number ot Deaths. In each 100 there w 1822 1831 1841 1822 1831 1841 MONTHS. to to to to to to 1830 1840 1848 1830 1840 1848 January, 292 311 230 7.17 7.23 8.07 February, 266 283 196 6.53 6.59 6.88 March, 285 288 247 6.99 6.90 8.67 April, 295 253 230 7.24 5.77 8.08 May, 367 286 255 9.01 6.65 8.95 June, 451 400 276 11.07 9.30 9.69 July, 492 433 244 12.07 10.07 8.57 August, 412 441 278 10.12 10.26 9.80 September, 364 588 240 8.91 13.65 8.43 October, 333 465 277 8.15 10.81 9.73 November, 267 289 180 6.55 6.72 6.32 December, 252 260 194 6.19 6.05 100.00 6.81 100.00 Totals. 4076 4297 2847 100.00 From a comparison of these tables it appears that among the white population in the first two series, September offered the largest proportional mortality, while in the last series June rose highest in the scale. Among the black population, July and September offer- ed the largest proportional mortality in the first two series, and August in the third. This differs but little from the results obtained by a comparison of the mor- tality among the whole population, and justifies the con- clusion that the four months from June to September PUBLIC HEALTH. 215 are most fruitful of death, in both the white and colored races. February, with one exception, has always been the healthiest month. The ages at death.—This is a most important element in estimating the comparative mortality of a population, as compared either with other places or with itself at different periods. The tables marked f, at the end of the chapter have been arranged to shew the mortality at different ages, of both the white and black population—the males being also separated from the females. There are several methods of applying the deaths at specified ages to the purpose of calculating the comparative lon- gevity of any people. Tables have therefore been ar- ranged according to some of the most approved methods of applying this element to the calculation of the chan- ces of life. These tables will be found interesting in many points of view. They are the first ever calcula- ted for this latitude, based upon the ages at death of the resident population; all insurancies upon life having been hitherto effected upon tables calculated for the British population, or the population of Northern cities. First Method.:—This consists in determining the proportion of all the deaths that occur at specified ages. The subjoined tables are constructed on this method* They shew the per centage of deaths which have occurred at ali ages, from birth to 100 years, in the three periods into which the twenty-seven years have been divided, The first table shews the per cent- age of deaths at specified ages for the whole popula- tion. 2a 216 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Whole Population Number of Deaths In each 100 there AGES. in the periods. were in. 1822 1831 18411 1822 1831 | 1841 to to to to to 1 to 1830 1840 1848 1830 1840 1848 Under 1 year 1173 1003 82ol 15.59 13.09 17.32 From 1 to 5 '■ 983 936 761 13.07 12.21 16.08 a 5 a 1Q « 304 323 168 4.04 4.21 3.55 " 10" 20 " 453 561 281 6.02 7.32 5.94 " 20 " 30 " 980 1119 508 13.03 14.60 10.73 " 30 " 40 " 1094 1084 525 14.54 14.15 11.09 " 40 " 50 " 763 807 467 10.14 10.53 9.87 " 50 " 60 " 576 603 343 7.66 7.87 7.25 " 60 " 70 " 515 496 324 6.85 6.47 6.85 " 70 " 80 " 361 390 255 4.80 5.09 5.39 " 80 " 90 " 219 219 198 2.91 2.86 4.18 " 90 "100 " 65 97 63 .86 1.27 1.33 Over 100 " 37 25 20 .49 .33 .42 Totals. 7523 7663 4733 100.00 100.00 100.00 By this table it will be perceived that the proportion of deaths under 1 year have increased from 15.59 to 17.32 per cent.; of deaths over 1, but under 5 years, from 13.07 to 16.08 per cent.; or an increase of infant mortality of 4.74 per cent, since 1821. This fact be- ing ascertained, it then becomes interesting to enquire whether this increase of infant mortality has occurred among the white or the black population, and with a view of determining that point, the tables which follow have been arranged. White Population. iNumber of Deaths In each 1UO there AGES. in the periods. were in 1822 1831 1841 1822 1831 1841 t< to to to to to 1830 1840 1848 1830 1840 1848 Under 1 year 314 262 204 9.11 7.79 10.82 From 1 to 5 ic 361 312 283 10.47 9.27 15.00 " 5 " 10 a 124 HI 60 3.60 3.30 3.18 " 10 " 20 a 164 181 67 4.76 5.38 3.55 " 20 " 30 a 641 732 248 18.60 21.75 13.15 " 30 " 40 a 661 702 299 19.18 20.86 15.85 " 40 " 50 a 424 391 227 12.30 11.62 12.04 " 50 " 60 a 269 248 148 7.80 7.37 7.85 " 60 "70 a 258 179 144 7.48 5.32 7.63 " 70 " 80 a 143 152 118 4.15 4.52 6.26 " 80 " 90 a 76 82 75 2.20 2.44 3.98 " 90 " 100 i. 10 13 13 .29 .35 .69 Over 100 ■ u 2 1 0 .06 .03 1 Totals. 3447 3366 1886 100.00 100.00 100.00 PUBLIC HEALTH. 217 Black Population. AGES. Number of Deaths in the periods. In each 100 there were in 1822 to 1830 1831 to 1840 1841 to 1848 1822 to 1830 1831 to 1840 1841 to 1848 Under 1 year From 1 to 5 " « 5 "10 " " 10 "20 " " 20 " 30 " " 30 " 40 " " 40 " 50 " " 50 " 60 '■ " 60 " 70 " " 70 " 80 " " 80 " 90 " " 90 " 100 " Over 100 " 859 622 180 289 339 433 339 307 257 218 143 55 35 741 624 212 380 387 382 416 355 317 238 137 84 24 616 478 108 214 260 226 240 195 180 137 123 50 20 21.07 15.26 4.42 7.09 8.32 10.62 8.32 7.53 6.30 5.35 3.51 1.35 .86 17.24 14.52 4.93 8.84 9.00 8.89 9.68 8.26 7.42 5.54 3.18 1.95 .55 21.64 16.79 3.79 7.52 9.13 7.94 8.43 6.85 6.32 4.81 4.32 1.76 .70 Totals. 4076 4297 2847 100.00J 100.00 100.00 From this comparison it will be seen that the increase of infant mortality, remarked in the table for the whole population, has fallen almost exclusively upon the white population, the increase being 1.74 per cent, for chil- dren under 1 year, and 4.52 per cent, for children from 1 to 5 years, nearly 6 per cent.; while in the black popu- lation there has not been an increase of 1 per cent, for all ages under 5. An examination and comparison of these tables also shew another interesting fact, that the largest number of deaths among the whites occur be- tween the ages of 30-40 years; while in the black population the tenure of life is least secure under 1 year of age, and between 1 and 5. Second Method.—This consists in ascertaining the proportion that survived specific ages of all that die. The tables that follow, to illustrate this fact, are calcu- lated first for the whole population, and then for the whites and blacks respectively. The last three columns of the upper portion of the table contain the propor- tion surviving specified ages calculated for the popula- tion of London, Carlisle, and Boston. 218 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Whole Population. AGE SURVIVING At Birth, Surviving 1 year 5 " 10 " 20 " 30 " 40 " 50 " 60 " 70 " 80 " 90 " 100 " AGE SURVIVING At Birth, Surviving 1 year " 5 " « 10 " " 20 " " 30 " " 40 " " 50 " " 60 " " 70 " " 80 " " 90 " " 100 " 100.00 100.00 1822 1831 1841 to 1830. to 1840. to 1848. IOOjOO 82.68 66.60 63.05 57.11 46.38 35.29 25.42 18.17 11.32 5.93 1.75 0.42 84.41 71.34 67.30 61.28 48.25 33.71 23.57 15.91 9.06 4.26 1.35 0.49 86.91 74.70 70.49 63.17 48.57 34.42 23.89 16.02 9.55 4.46 1.60 0.33 London 100.00 68. 42.6 37.3 32.5 27.2 21.2 14.7 9.6 5.2 1.7 .2 Carlisle. 100.00 84. 68. 64.6 60.9 56.4 50.8 44. 36.4 24. 9.5 1.4 Boston. 100.00 79.20 53.38 48.92 43.63 31.92 21.80 14.83 9.95 5.77 2.08 .29 WHITE POPULATION. 1822 1831 1841 to 1830. to 1840. to 1848. 100.00 100.00 100.00 90.89 92.21 89.18 80.42 82.94 74.18 76.82 79.64 71.00 72.06 74.26 67.45 53.46 52.51 54.30 34.28 31.65 38.45 21.98 20.03 26.41 14.18 12.66 18.56 6.70 7.34 10.93 2.55 2.82 4.67 i 0.35 0.38 0.69 0.06 0.03 1822 1831 1841 to 1830. to 1840. 100.00 to 1848. Too.oo 100.00 78.93 82.76 78.36 63.67 68.24 61.57 59.25 63.31 57.78 52.16 54.47 50.26 43.84 45.47 41.13 33.22 36.58 33.19 24.90 26.90 24.76 17.37 18.64 17.91 11.07 11.22 11.59 5.72 5.68( 6.78 2.21 2.501 2.46 0.86 0.55 0.70 By examining the above tables, it will be perceived that for the whole population, 84.41 per cent, survived 1 year in the first period, 86.91 in the second, and 82.68 per cent, in the third, while 71.34: 74.70: and 66.60 per cent, survived 5 years, in the three periods re- spectively, shewing an increase of infant mortality in the third period. It next becomes a matter of interest to enquire upon what causes this increase depends, and whether they are such as will probably permanently increase the mortality of the earlier periods of life. The increase, it will be seen, fell chiefly upon the white population. By a reference to the tables marked a and 6, at the end of the chapter, it will be seen that a large mortality occurred during a portion of the period of 1841-48, from Scarlet Fever, During a por- PUBLIC HEALTH. 219 tion of this period, two epidemics of Scarlatina occur- red, which of course increased the mortality of those years for all ages under 10. That the increase of mor- tality at this period of life was due to this cause, and this only, is evident from the fact, that the increase has fallen entirely upon the white population, the blacks escaping, as they are less liable to attacks of this dis- ease. This factwas remarked, and commented upon, in the observations on Zymotic diseases. Were there any causes permanently at work to increase the mor- tality of children, there should have been an increase in the second period, viz: 1831 to '40, whereas there is absolutely a diminution from the first to the second period, both among the whites and blacks, the increase being only in the third period. By comparing the tables for the white and that for the black population, it will be perceived that there is an immense disparity between the proportions which survive the first year in the two races, the numbers being 90 per cent, for the former, and only 80 per cent. for the latter. The cause of this immense dispropor- tion may easily be ascertained by a reference to the tables marked a and b, at the end of the chapter. It will be there seen, that from the disease popularly known as "infant's lock-jaw," (trismus nascentium,) the number of blacks dying was 150: 169: and 220: in the three periods: while the mortality among the whites from the same disease amounted only to 16 as the aggregate of the twenty-seven years. A large portion of the infant mortality of the blacks, therefore, occurs in children under one month. Were the deaths from this cause separated from all the deaths under one year occurring in this class, the mortality among them would scarcely exceed that among the whites. A further comparison of the tables for the black and 220 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. white races, will shew that up to the age of thirty, the proportion of whites surviving is much greater than that of the blacks; but at forty years, the proportion sur- viving of the two races becomes nearly equal. From this age, the proportion of blacks surviving, gradually rises over the proportion of whites, so that at the age of" 90, among the blacks, the proportion is the same as at 80 years for the whites. For the purpose of comparison, the three last col- umns of the table of the whole population surviving specified ages, has been filled with the proportion sur- viving each of the specified ages in London, Carlisle and Boston, as stated in the tables published by Mr. Simpson, Mr. Heysham, and Dr. Shattuck. If the numbers in the last column of the table for the whole population, be compared with the numbers in the three columns containing the London, Carlisle and Boston tables, it will be seen that the proportion per cent, who survive is greater in Charleston than in London or Boston, but less than in Carlisle. If, now, these tables are compared with the proportions of whites and of blacks surviving specified ages, it will be seen that the proportion of whites surviving is much greater for all ages than in London or Boston, and greater than in the Carlisle tables up to the age of thirty; from this age upwards, the numbers in the Car- lisle tables exceed those in the tables calculated for the white population of this city. If the numbers in the tables for those cities be also comparea with the num- bers in the tables of the black population, it will be seen that the latter exceed those of London and Boston, but fall short of the numbers of the Carlisle tables up to the age of 90, when the proportion of blacks surviving exceeds that of all the other tables. The probable causes of this extreme extension of life among the blacks have been already alluded to. PUBLIC HEALTH. 221 Third Method.—By ascertaining the proportion per ct. of persons surviving specified ages, but who die before the next specified period. The subjoined tables, e, f, g, pages 222, 223, 224, have been constructed on this plan. They are calculated first for the whole population, then for the whites and blacks separately. In the first three columns of the upper part of these tables will be found the number surviving each speci- fied age for the whole population, and for the whites and blacks respectively, and in the lower first three columns, the proportion per cent, dying be- fore the next period. These tables are obtained by dividing the number that died between two specified ages by the number that survived the first specified age; thus, for example, in the first period, in table /, page 223, it will be seen that 3,133 survived at the age of 1 year, and of these 361 died before arriving at the age of 5 years; dividing the latter by the former, gives 11.52 as the per centage of deaths, and according, in the lower part of the table, 11.52 appears as the per centage of deaths at that age. In the 4, 5 and 6th columns of the upper part of the tables, will be found the number of years of life enjoyed by those that lived and those that died at each specified age, calculated for the whole population, the black and the white, in the several tables. 222 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Whole Population. e. AGE. Number surviving and dying. Number of years of life en-joyed by the surviving and the dying. 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. 1*22 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. Under 1, Dying under 1, Surviving 1, Dying before 5, Surviving 5, Dying before 10, Surviving 10, Dying before 20, Surviving 20, Dying before 30, Surviving 30, Dying before 40, Surviving 40, Dying before 50, Surviving 50, Dying before 60, Surviving 60, Dying before 70, Surviving 70, Dying before 80, Surviving 80, Dying before 90, Surviving 90, Dying before 100, Surviving 100, 7,523 1,173 6,350 983 5,367 304 5,063 453 4,610 980 3,630 1,094 2,536 763 1,773 576 1,197 515 682 361 321 219 102 65 37 7,663 1,003 6,660 936 5,724 323 5,401 561 4,840 1,119 3,721 1,084 2,637 807 1,830 603 1,227 496 731 390 341 219 122 97 25 4,733 820 3,913 761 3,152 168 2,984 281 2,703 508 2,195 525 1,670 467 1,203 343 860 324 536 255 281 198 83 63 20| 230,118 586 229,532 2,457 227,075 2,280 224,795 6,795 218,000 24,500 193,500 38,290 155,210 34,335 120,875 31,680 89,195 33,475 55,720 27,075 28,645 18,615 10,030 6,175 3,855 237,918 501 237,417 2,340 235,077 2,322 232,755 5,415 227,340 29,975 199,365 37,940 161,425 36,315 125,110 33,165 91,945 32,240 59,705 29,250 30,455 18,615 11,840 9,215 2,625 143,842 410 143,432 1,902 141,530 1,260 140,270 4,215 136,055 12,700 123,355 18,375 104,980 21,015 83,965 18,865 65,100 21,060 44,040 19,125 24,915 16,830 8,085 5,985 2,100 AGB. In each 100 surviving there died before the next specified age, Average age of those who sur-vived each specified age. 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. Birth to 1 year, Surviving 1 year, " 5 " " 10 " " 20 " " 30 " " 40 " " 50 " " 60 " " 70 " " 80 " " 90 " " 100 " 15.59 15.48 5.66 8.94 21.25 30.13 30.08 32.48 43.02 52.93 68.26 63.72 100.00 13.08 14.05 5.64 10.36 23.11 29.13 30.60 32.95 40.42 53.35 64.22 79.50 100.00 17.32 19.44 5.32 9.41 18.79 23.91 27.96 28.51 37.67 47.57 70.46 75.90 100.00 30.59 36.15 42.31 44.40 47.29 53.31 61.20 68.18 76.81 81.70 89.22 98.33 104.19 31.05 35.66 41.07 43.09 46.97 53.58 61.21 68.37 74.12 81.68 89.31 97.05 105.00 30.39 36.66 44.90 47.01 50.33 56.20 62.86 69.79 75.70 82.16 88.67 97.41 105.00 PUBLIC HEALTH. 223 White Population. /■ Number of tyears of life en- Number surviving and dying. joyed by the surviving and AGE. he dying. 1822 1831 1841 1S22 1831 1841 to 1830. to 1840. to 1848. to 1830. to 1840. to 1848. Under 1, 3,447 3,366 1,886 112,599 109,908 63,004 Dying under 1, 314 262 204 157 131 102 Surviving 1, 3,133 3,104 1,682 112,442 109,777 62,902 Dying before 5, 361 312 283 902 780 707 Surviving 5, 2,772 2,792 1,399 111,540108,997 62,195 Dying before 10, 124 111 60 930 832 450 Surviving 10, 2,648 2,681 1,339 110,610108,165 61,745 Dying before 20, 164 181 67 : 2,460 2,715 1,005 Surviving 20, 2,484 2,500 1,272 108,150 105,450 60,740 Dying before 30, 641 732 248 16,025 18,300 6,200 Surviving 30, 1,843 1,768 1,024 92,125 87,150 54,540 Dying before 40, 661 702 299 23,135 24,570 10,465 Surviving 40, 1,182 1,066 725 68.990 62,580 44,075 Dying before 50, 424 391 227 19,080 17,595 10,215 Surviving 50, 758 675 .498| 49,910 44,985 33,860 Dying before 60, 269 248 148 14,795 13,640 8,140 Surviving 60, 489 427 350 35,115 31,345 25,720 Dying before 70, 258 179 144: 16,770 11,635 9,360 Surviving 70, 231 248 206 18,345 19,710 16,360 Dying before 80, 143 152 118 10,725 11,400 8,750 Surviving 80, 88 96 88 7,620 8,310 7,610 Dying before 90, 76 82 75 6,460 6,970 6,375 Surviving 90, 12 14 13 1,160 1,340 1,235 Dying before 100, 10 13 13 950 1,235 1,235 Surviving 100, 2 1 100 surviv ______0j ins there 204 105 00 In each Avera.se a ee of thos i who glar- died befo] e the nex specified vived e ach specit ed age. AGB. _1822 atce. 183] 1841 1822 1KS1 1841 to 1830. to 1840. to 1848. to 1830. to 1840. to 1848. Birth to 1 year, 9.10 7.77 ~~10.«T 32.63 32.65 33.41 Surviving 1 year, 11.52 10.05 16.82 35.92 35.36 37.39 5 " 4.47 3.97 4.28 40.23 39.03 44.45 " 10 t; 6.19 6.71 5.00 41.77 40.34 46.11 " 20 " 28.80 29.28 19.41 43.54 42.18 47.76 30 '• 35.61 39.70 29.19 49.49 49.29 53.26 " 40 " 35.87 36.67 31.31 58.36 58.70 60.79 " 50 " 35.48 36.74 29.71 65.83 66.64 67.77 " 60 " 52.76 41.92 41.14 71.81 73.41 73.48 " 70 « 61.90 61.29 57.28 79.41 79.47 79.42 " 80 " 86.36 85.41 85.23 86.59 86.56 86.47 " 90 " 83.33 92.85 100.00 96.96 95.71 95.00 " 100 " ^ 100.00 100.00 105.00 105.00 29 224 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Black Population. or. Under 1, Dying under 1, Surviving 1, Dying before 5, Surviving 5, Dying before 10, Surviving 10, Dying before 20, Surviving 20, Dying before 30, Surviving 30, Dying before 40, Surviving 40, Dying before 50, Surviving 50, Dying before 60, Surviving 60, Dying before 70, Surviving 70, Dying before 80, Surviving 80, Dying before 90, Surviving 90, Dying before 100, Surviving 100, Number surviving and dying. 1822 to 1830. 4,076 859 3,217 622 2,545 180 2,415 289 2,126 339 1,787 433 1,354 339 1,015 307 708 257 451 218 233 143 90 55 35 1831 to 1840. 4,297 741 3,556 624 2,932 212 2,720 380 2,340 387 1,953 382 1,571 416 1,155 355 800 317 483 238 245 137 108 84 24 1841 to 1848. 2,847 616 2,231 478 1,753 108 1,645 214 1,431 260 1,171 226 945 240 705 195 510 180 330 137 193 123 70 50 20 Number of years of life enjoy- ed by the surviving and the dying. 1822 to 1830. 1831 , to 1840. 116,809 132,110 429 370 116,380 131,740 1,555 1,560 114,825 130,180 1,350 1,590 113,475 128,590 4,335 5,700 109,140 122,890 8,475 9,675 100,665 113,215 14,555 13,370 86,110 99,845 15,255 18,720 70,855 81,125 16,855 19,525 54,000 61,600 16,705 21,605 37,295 39,995 16,250 17,850 21,045 22,145 12,155 11,645 8,890 10,500 1 5,225 7,980 , 3,665 2,520* 1841 to 1848. 80,738 308 80,430 1,195 79,235 • 810 78,425 3,210 75,215 6,500 68,715 7,910 60,805 10,800 50,005 10,725 39,280 11,700 27,580 10,275 17,305 10,455 6,850 4,750 2,100 Birth to 1 year, Surviving 1 year, a 5 " a 10 " a 20 " a 30 " u 40 " a 50 " a 60 " a 70 " a 80 " a 90 " u 100 " In each 100 surviving there died before the next specified age. Average age of those who sur vived each specified age. 1822 1831 to 1830. to 1840. 21.07 19.33 6.93 11.96 15.94 24.23 25.03 30.24 36.72 48.33 61.37 61.11 100.00 17.24 17.54 7.23 13.97 16.53 19.55 26.47 30.73 39.62 49.31 55.91 77.77 100.00 1841 to 1848. 21.63 21.42 61.60 13. 18.16 19.29 25.39 27.66 35.29 41.51 63.73 71.42 100.00 1822 to 1830. 28.66 36.17 44.24 46.98 51.33 56.32 63.69 69.80 76.27 82.69 90.32 98»77 104.71 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. 30.74 37.04 44.39 47.27 52.51 57.96 63.55 70.31 77.00 82.80 90.38 97.22 105.00 28.35 36.05 45.20 47.67 52.56 58.68 63.28 70.92 77.02 83.57 89.61 97.92 105.00 PUBLIC HEALTH. 225 Fourth Method.—By ascertaining the average age at death. Mr. Chadwick, in a recent essay on Vital Statistics, maintains this to be the best standard for comparing the health and longevity of different commu- nities. Perhaps of all methods which are calculated in reference to the deaths alone, it is the best, but it is liable to fallacies from causes which are peculiarly active in some parts of the United States. These causes are the constant tide of immigration and emi- gration flowing to and from different sections of the Union. It is the younger portion of a population always which emigrates in masses; it is evident, there- fore, that if a large number of such persons are annu- ally introduced into a community, subject as they are, to all the causes of sickness incident to poverty, change of climate, of habits, &c, a large number must die, and die young; the average age at death, therefore, of that population calculated from the deaths alone, would be very young. If, on the contrary, a large number of a population annually leave their homes in search of oc- cupation, wealth, or subsistence, leaving few but the aged and infirm to die; the average age of that popula- tion, calculated from the deaths alone, would be very great. This mode of estimating the comparative health of a population, therefore, is only applicable to settled communities, where neither immigration nor emigration exist to any extent. The average age at death is obtained by adding the particular ages of all that die and dividing the aggregate by the actual number of deaths. But as statements of deaths contain only the number that die between speci- fied ages, an average may be obtained by multiplying the number that die by the medium age between the two periods. Thus, those that die under 1 are multi- plied by J, those dying between 1 and 5 are multiplied 226 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. by 2J, those between 5 and 10 by 7 J, those between 10 and 20 by 15, and so on. The product of each is the aggregate number of years of life which each class enjoyed, and this number divided by the number of deaths, gives the average age. The above tables, e,f g, pages 222,223,224, have been constructed on this plan; the lower three last columns indicate the average age at death.lt will be perceived that the average age at death for the whole population, (table e,) was 30.59; 31.05; 30.39; for the white population, (table /,) 32.63; 32.65; 33.41; for the black population, (tableg,) 28.66; 30.74; 28.35; respectively in the three periods; shewing a smaller expectation of life for the black than the white population at birth. This disparity, however, speedily disappears, and at the age of 1 year, the expectation of life in the two races becomes nearly equal, being 35.; 37.; 35. for the whites, 36.; 37.; 36. for the blacks. If the tables be now compared at the higher ages, the black population will be found to possess decided advantages over the white in respect to lon- gevity. Thus, at 50 years, the expectation of life amounts to 16 years for the whites, but 20 years for the blacks; at 80 years, in the white population, the expectation of life is only 6 years, in the black population it is 10 years. The expectation of life is ascertained for any particular age by substracting the age from the average age at death, at the specified age. Thus, in table e, of the whole population, the average age at death, at 80 years, is 89.92, in the first period; subtract 80. from 89.22, and 9.22 years will be the expectation of life at this age for the whole population. For the purpose of comparison, the following table has been constructed, shewing the average age at death for the cities oi' Charleston, Boston, New York and PUBLIC HEALTH. 227 Philadelphia. The average age at death of the white and black population has been calculated seperately, for all ages; for ages under 20, and over 20; the same calculations have also been made for the two races taken collectively. PLACE AND PERIOD. ALL AGES. UNDER 20. OVER 20. Charleston, 1822 to 1830 1831 to 1840 1841 to 1848 Boston, 1821 to 1830 1831 to 1840 1841 to 1845 New York, 1821 to 1830 1831 to 1840 1841 to 1843 Philadelphia, 1821 to 1830 1831 to 1840 1841 to 1844 Whites, Blacks, Both, Whites, Blacks, Both, Whites, Blacks, Both, Both, Number. Average age. 32.63 28.66 30.59 32.65 30.74 31.05 33.41 28.35 30.39 25.88 22.72 21.43 24.36 19.46 19.69 25.53 22.64 22.01 Number. _ "963 1,950 2,913 866 1,957 2,823 614 1,416 2,030 4,913 8,565 5,875 20,108 40,728 14,127 17,794 26,812 12,088 Average (age. 4.62 3.93 4.16 5.14 4.70 4.88 3.68 3.90 3.83 3.38 3.33 3.31 3.15 2.95 2.86 3.22 2.91 3.02 Number. "1M84 2,126 4,610 2,500 2,340 4,840 1,272 1,431 2,703 5,817 7,749 4,547 22,709 34,091 10,812 19,820 22,866 9,268 Average age. 3,447 4,076 7,523 3,366 4,297 7,663 1,886 2,847 4,733 10,731 16,314 10,422 42,817 74,819 29,939 36,614 49,678 21,356 43.55 51.33 47.28 43.26 48.24 45.11 47.74 52.56 50.29 44.88 44.15 44.86 43.14 39.18 41.68 45.57 45.78 46.79 In the above table it will be seen that Charleston compares favorably with the other cities of the United States, with regard to the average age at death of her population. Thus, the lowest average age at death of the whole population in this city, gives a difference of nearly five years over the highest of the Boston and Philadelphia tables, of six years over the highest of the New York tables, 30.39 being the lowest average age at death for the whole population in Charleston; 25.88: 25.53: and 24.36 the highest in Boston, Philadelphia and New York. In all England, the average age at death is calculated at 23.46 years, and in London, which claims to be pre-eminently healthy, the average duration of life is calculated at 27 years. If the expec- tation of life among the white population in Charleston 228 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. alone be considered, the numbers will be found to run still higher, thus, 32.63: 32.65: and 33.41 were the aver- age ages at death of the white population in the three periods, giving an expectancy of life greater here by five and six years than in London. If, again, the average age at death of the white population under 20, be com- pared with that of the other cities, the advantage is again decidedly in favor of this city, much greater in the two first periods than in the last. The cause of this has already been adverted to. In examining the average age at death for the white population over 20 years, the results do not shew so favorably for Charleston; the average age in Charleston for the two first periods be- ing lower than in either Boston or Philadelphia, but higher than in New York; for the last period, however, the average age in Charleston exceeds that of the other three cities. The average age at death of the black population exceeds that of all the cities for all ages, for the ages under 20, and for the ages over 20, being only excelled by the white population of Charleston in the first two classes. Fifth Method.—By ascertaining the proportion which the number that died bears to the number of the living at each specified age. This is con- sidered by the best authorities the most correct standard of comparison, and the only sure basis for estimating correctly the *ratio of health and longe- vity. In the tables marked G, at the end of the chapter, the aggregate number of deaths of each year have been compared with the numbers of the popu- lation living for that year, and the proportion per cent. determined. At pages 196-97, the mean of the several periods has been calculated. It is important, how- ever that the number of those dying at specified ages should be compared with the number living at the PUBLIC HEALTH. 229 same ages, and with this view the following tables have been constructed. It would have been interest- ing to compare the white with the black population for a series of years, but, as in the various censuses, the ages of the colored population have been taken in dif- ferent classes from the whites, a comparison for any year but the present impossible. WHOLE I'Ori LA- BLACKS. TION. NUMBER OF NUMBER OF --—-- ~— -------. WHITES LIVING WHITE DEATHS <° K ~2/r? 3.8,5!! fro *, IN IN °* S"3 —■ ~ = 09 E?g TsTs" ~i% S'»C =-55 Under 5, 1830 1840 1848 1830 1840 1848 1848 1848 1848 181 1,734 1,818 1,765 63 56 65 1.588 116 3,353 5 to 10, 1,502 1,268 1,534 9 3| 9 1,261 5 2,795 14 10 to 20, 2,869 2,704 2,653 17 9 8 2,605 23 5,258 31 20 to 30, 2,571 3,062 3.023 50 52! 35 2,344 29 5,367 64 30 to 40, 1,980 2,050 2,352 68 46 38 1,757 271 4,109 65 40 to 50, 1.074 1,108 1,375 35 34' 30 1,274 28l 2,649 58 50 to 60, 629 598 808 22 22 23 812 23 1,620 46 60 to 70, 299 257 442 13 J 5 21 390 23 832 44 70 to 80, 144 130 185 16 12 18 141 15 326 33 80 to 90, 44 26 45 S 7 13 63 23 108 36 90 tolOO, 9 9 5 '2 2 1 19 6 24 7 100 tol 10, 1 10 2 10 26,451 2 581 Totals. 12,828 13,030 14,187 303 258 261 12,264 320 p"" 2? 1 = Iff In each 100 of th e whites In the white popu pr ~ „ a a < 5-ao rr — CD 7 Under 5, 1830 1840 1848 1830 1840 1848 1848 1848 1848 3.63 3.08 3.11 27 32 32 7.50 13 5.39 18 5 to 10, .59 .23 .58 169 435 17C .39 256 .50 200 10 to 20, .59 .63 .30 169 159 333 1.11 90 .58 172 20 to 30, 1.94 1.69 1.12 52 59 9G 1.23 81 1.19 84 30 to 40, 3.43 2.24 1.61 29 44 60 1.53 65 1.58 63 40 to 50, 3.34 3.06 2.18 30 32 4f 2.19 45 2.18 46 50 to 60, 3.49 3.67 2.84 28 27 35 2.83 35 2.S3 35 60 to 70, 4.34 5.87 4.75 23 17 21 5.88 17 5.28 19 70 to 80, 11.11 9.23 9.73 9 11 1C 10.63 9 10.12 9 80 to 90, 18.18 26.92 28.88 5 3 3 36.50 2 33.33 3 90 to100, 22.22 22.22 20.00 4 4 5 31.57 3 29.12 3 100 tol10, 20.00 5 20.00 5 Mean. 2.36 1.98 1.82 42 50 54 2.60 38 2.19 45 230 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. The first three columns of the upper part of this table contains the number of whites living at specified ages, for the years 1830, 1840, and 1848, as determined by the enumerations made in those years. The three succeeding columns, contain the mean deaths of the years 1830-31,1840-41, 1847-8, at each of the speci- fied ages; the corresponding six columns of the lower part of the table, contain the per centage of deaths among the whites at the specified ages. The 7th and 8th columns of the upper part of the table, and the corresponding columns of the lower part of the table, contain, the former, the numbers of the black population living in 1848, and the mean deaths for 1847-8, and the latter the per centage of deaths. The last two columns contain the numbers of the whole population living at specified ages in 1848, the mean deaths for 1847-8, and the per centage at specified ages calculated for the aggregate of the white and colored population for the same year. These tables shew as nearly as possible the liability to death of the different classes of the population. It is gratifying to perceive, by an examination of these tables, that the mortality of the whites at all ages, up to 80, has been a steadily decreasing one. On com- paring the whites and the blacks, it will be seen that for all ages between 5 and 60 years, the proportional mor- tality of the two races is pretty uniform. Under 5 and over 60, the mortality among the blacks is much greater than among the whites. For the purposes of comparison, a table has been arranged shewing the mortality of Charleston at differ- ent ages, as compared with other communities. This table has been so arranged as to exhibit the proportion of deaths to the living at specified ages. PUBLIC HEALTH. 231 NUMBER OF THE LIVING. NUMBER OF THE DEATHS. Under 15 ( 4,625 15 to 60 8^885 Over 60 1 Totals. 14,187 UnderlS 115 to 60 Over 601 Totals. c o Whites 677 781 130 53 261 1* Blacks, < 4,151 7,490 623 12,264 132 119 69 320 Both, f 8,777 16,374 1,300 26,451 210 249 122 581 Boston, 35,442 75,284 3.640 114,366 1,253 863 224 2,340 Lowell, 6,595 18,137 397 25,129 192! 156 15 363 Liverpool 72,110 141.197 9,321 222,628 4,443! 2,264 827 7,534 London, 576,449 1,182.402 112.567 1,871,418 20,902 15,235 9,325 45,462 Surrey, 80,952 127.507 16,875 225,334 1.7451 1,309 1,197 4,251 In each 100 living there died in Of all the living there was one death in c Whites ( 1.68 1.46 | 7.82 1.82 59.52J 68.49 12.78 54.94 £ Blacks, \ 3.17 1.58 11.07 2.60 i 31.54 63.28 9.03 38.46 Both, ( 2.39 1.52 9.38 2.19 1 41. 65.78 10.66 45.66 Boston, 3.53 1.14 6.15 2.04 j 28.88' 87.23 16.25 48.87 Lowell, 2.91 .86 3.77 1.44 I 34.35416.26 24.46 69. Liverpool 6.16 1.60 8.87 3.38 | 16.23 62.36 11.27 29.54 London, 3.62 1.28 8.28 2.42 1 27.57! 77.61 12.07 41.16 [Surrey, 2.15 1.02 7.09 1.88 | 46.39- 97.40 14.09 53. The above table gives a comparative view of the health and longevity of Charleston, as compared with Boston and Lowell in the United States, London, Li- verpool and Surrey in England. It exhibits, in a very favorable light, the health of this city among the white population for all ages under 15; the proportional mor- tality being lower at this age than either Lowell or Surrey, the former accounted the healthiest city in the United States, the latter the healthiest in all England. Among the black population, the proportional mortality is higher at this age than in Lowell or Surrey, but lower than in the other cities named. In the whole population under 15, the rate of mortality is lower than in any other city named, except Surrey. For the ages from 15 to 60, however, the comparison is by no means favorable to Charleston, the proportional mortality of this class of her population, both white and black, being higher than in any of the cities named, except Liverpool. For the whole population above 60, the proportional mortality is higher than in any of the other cities. In the white population above 60, the rate of mortality is rather lower than in Liverpool and Lon- don, but higher than in the other cities. The cause of this increased mortality in the higher ages is a question of interest. It cannot be the result of climate, for in 30 232 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. unhealthy climates, the mortality among children is always greater in proportion than among adults. The source of the greater proportional mortality of the middle ages must therefore be sought for in the habits of the people, as this is the most fruitful cause of sick- ness and mortality to a population, the effects of cli- mate excepted. In tables e,f g, pages 222, 223, 224, in which the average age at death, and the expectation of life at dif- ferent ages, was calculated, it appeared that the expec- tation of life in the black population, at the higher ages, was greater than among the whites. It appears, however, by the tables, page 231, that the mortality of the black population from 60 upwards, is greater in proportion to the numbers living above that age, than anong the whites. The discrepancy in these tables is to be explained by the fact that a few blacks reach to a very advanced age, often exceeding a century; the ad- dition of these jew very advanced lives is sufficient to increase the aggregate of years of life enjoyed by all that die of that class, to so great a degree, as to give to that portion of our population a longer expectation of life in the higher ages, than the whites. We have thus endeavored to shew as plainly as pos- sible, the present condition of the city in regard to its state of health. Nothing has been withheld, nothing wilfully misrepresented, that could make either for or against us. Regarding it as more important that the community should know and understand their true state in regard to health, than that they should be flattered into a vain belief that this city is the healthiest of the universe. That some gratifying facts have been brought to light is true, but there is also some alloy to this gratification, in the large proportional mortality for all ages above thirty. This evil, however, is one de- pendant upon ourselves and our habits, and not upon our climate, and may therefore be removed. To know that evil exists, is the first step towards its correction. CAUSES OF DEATH. 233 rotal oc'HOritrtcuOKNTffiMHnAln'i1 i-i O LON ii r-t 1848 OCCOOOOOi-hOOi-iOOCNOOOOCOCC 1847 L84<> © >i ©< © © © © i-h o © © © t> e- © © r-^ © © © COJJfflSOOOrtOCCCCNCrtrtnON 1845 CC CC i> 1-1 © © ©r-i©©©i-i©©©©©i—i©i—i 1—1 1—1 *8 IP 1841 COCnaCO-QiiO^rrCOOCOO ■1X49 i—i TO t^rtOCCjCSwCntrI © w i—1 1-1 © ri fc 1842 © ■7 ccNoo—i© ©©©©©^ioot1©©©©©:;; r2 1831) —i CC CC © © G-J © © © — ©©©©©©©rtl© S 183 3 ©TO© — 0O3i-»00iCO'C((MOINOt»C CC 1>34 Ci^iCO-nCOwCOCC-OOCft ;i&3.j wCJi:.''-ii-inO©'-<©©©00'*©©O©i-"f— tn H32 ©©C0NC<©©!—i © r-i © © "^ -«3< i—I © i—1 © GN © CI 00 ui 1831 ©©i-©©©©©©©©©LCrHn©CSJ©,'3,C.-4 s i~C)©©©©©©'"5''-iO";Ti—'hi WWCO m £ -- lUtUI r-i T © CC (CO CC Oi 5 1830 r— ^ MI^CISi-SCOCOw^rtrtiCH:) 2 182!) 1827 i— TOC-J©©©©©©©©'-1©©©'—I © © © >— ^ — i—1 r-t -£ T)CC©.-i©©©©©©©©X n © © © © CC C „ CC -q" © CJ © © © ^^OCnr-.«oOOCCOi. —i i—l e 182'J IiMiHCCOCrtSOOWLlOOiSOCi ^s 1*25 © © -i r-l©0©©r-1w©©©-^,©©©©-*CC C) (5 1*24 - ( © CC r-i o © © © © i—' © C< C lC © © i—i © TO Tt1 ^ ■ 4823 TOi-i—'©©©©©■-'©©©'tfCC©©©©'©!—i Ui to 1622 r~ © n* 11 © © © © © © © © X CC © © © © © CI 3 a ..........'......• %> ' t*- V)_ "5: ^ o o ^ ■ .•■.■ .• • j- • • • • o • * ■ . .2 5 ts. • • • ■ ¥% :.» s |.s ° • •£ • ' , -3 C J J « | ' «^? -- r-> « a >^ rt ^ ~ .Z; ri :'•'"' - .a K* c -a . ^ ~ 4: a ^ - a - r "a. --a "3 c « _- -a 5 £ " ^^i E a STi: .= -S = £ 8 = .2 S * £ 1 <-;-<<<;-< -*;<-<<££ paMC5CQcacQCJ0 5 Causes of Death Contin ue d. WHITES. A " —■ j— r—1 ,__ 1-5 r—i _ 1—'1 ►— " .—. , 'r— 1—1~ — 1 1— r— r~' l ►— 1—1 r —' OD OD OD X rr Xl .X' OD OD 0 OD OD od ac X X OD 'X X' X c X X O X CAUSES OF DEATH. K. CO ts S ts ( ts ts -1. X oi (> CO, co ©; © 0 CO 0 CO ts ] co co 3 0 Si' 1 0 -1 0 CO X 0 CO © 0 *-© (1 5 3 4-1 i4-( 4* 0 Cancer Uteri, - 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chicken Pox, - 0 0 0 0 fi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 1 0 1 0 0 ( 0 Child-bed, 3 ] 3 2 5 CV O 1 2 00 3 0 0 2 0 1 3 4 f>| 3 21 2 0 4 2 Chlorosis, 0 0 0 0 0 0 (: o 0 0 0 fi 0 0 0 0 0 Oj fi! (i 0 0 0 C 0 Cholera, Asiatic 0 0 0 0 ( 0| 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56 0 0 0 0 56 0 0 ( 0 " Infantum 0 0 0 0 ( o! r 0 5 (: 0 1 3 0 2 3 9 7 fi 31 6 3 IE 4 " Morbus, 2 0 0 2 0 1 2 2 ] 10 1 4 1 0 2 11 0 2! 1 (! 22 0 0 (. 0 Chorea, - 0 (! 0 0 (■ 0 1 0 0 1 0 (1 0 0 0 0 fi 0! 0 () 0 0 0 < 0 (■olic, - 0 1 o 2 1 2; 2| 2' 1 13 0 1 0 4 0 4 2 l! 2 1 15 1 1 2 fi Colitis, .... 0 C 0 0 c; 0 ( j 0 1 1 (! 0 0 1 0 0 0 0! oi 0 1 0 0 0 0 Constipation, - 1 c 1 0 l 3| (!j 0 1 7 fi 0 0 0 0 0 oj 0! 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Consumption, ... 50 73 ">0 65 54 3147 50 50 490 F 5 « 16 39 37 33 35po!.-;2,33 131 44 32 ifi 20 Convulsions, 21 20 16 25 14 918 19 0 144 0 1 417 16 7 5,19 7 9 78 6 6 4 5 Coup de Soliel, o ('• 7 2 I 0 0 0 1 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 fi 0 .0 < 0 Cramp, - 1 1 0 3 fi 0 3 6 0 It) 3 0 0 0 0 0 fi 0 fi fi 3 0 0 C 0 ('roup, - 5 If 11 4 2 2 5 3 1 43 7 3 0 2 2 1 0 7 2 5 29 1 4 0 ] 4 Debility, - 47 13 12 19 1( 18 26 15 7 167 4 7 7 8 8 8 13 8 2 r 74 8 7 3 0 Dengue, - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 fi 0 9 0 0 fi 0 0 0 0 ( 0 o 0 0 fi 0 fi " Effects of - 0 0 0 0 0 ( 0 3 0 3 0 0 fi (i 0 0 0 0 0 0 °l 01 0 0 0 Diabetes, 0 ( 0 0 (! ( 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 P 0 0 v < I oi 0 0: pj 0 0 0 CAUSES OF DEATH. 235 "« rs) ,_ i-l r-t 1848 I ™^i;occc 1835 1834 ic;-rT,©©CJ©©©'^i—'—< >c i—i © cc © t- © Mi— lCC<"*©CC©©CJ©>—i©-^1>'—< -P © © © '— -r iC © CJ lC ©~ © © t- CD CCIETMCtN _.jjj* s ° ° ^ ■*"=! °:c co"" ° s 's 1822 *2° = *~" -©^^oooo^o-;© ci ■- „ CT ~ s - = 3 r-i r* •- -T ci _r i« g ^ o- -r C-f •5|,r^7 ~ S 5 5 g « "2 to l! = ° _2 >-. «- C"~•— r' '— .5 u« • S >% t^-i 5 = c~ -~ * £ - - • - ■■ QO D Q O ClI fc2 U Ci] a ti3 Ct. Causes of Death- —Conti tiued. WHITES A i—i l"5 1 —1 — r-i r— !_ *"3 _ H_ 1—« !— _ r— 1—1 h—• H—-1 -] OD X oe ex. X X (X I X c GO QD OD OD X T* IO COj >£. 01011 lr-1 CO 0 r-, 4- CT -j! x z-3 5!30 Fever, Intermittent, 0 0 " Puerperal, 0 0 0 o 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 oi 0 o 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 " Remittent, 3 o 0 o 0 1 0 3i i 10 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Oi 1 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 " Scarlet, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0jl3 13 3 10 0 0 0 0 5 24 13! 3 58 i 0 81 3|34 9 9 0 063 " Typhu», 4 10 7 10 1 7 6 4 3 52 5 1 2 2 3 1 o 9 10; 8 43! 5 4 5 1 4 0 1 5j25 " Worm, 8 13 5 0 3 3 4 4 1 41 1 3 1 1 2 0 1 2 5 3 19, 2 0 0 1 3 0 01 1 7 " Yellow, 2 0 231 0 0 82 20 0|31352 0 0 0 49 24 0 0 350 133123 579! 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 Fistula in Ano, 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Oj 0 1 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 oj 0 Oi 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Fracture of Arm, - 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0, 0 °l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Thigh, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o; o 0J 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ()'; 0 •« Head, o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 01 0 " Spine, o o 0 o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 6 0 0 o1 oi 0 Fungus IToematodes, 0 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 0 ] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Gastritis, - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 2 • > 1 0 1 1 3 1 10 27 0 1 1 2 2 2 9!ll 28 Gastro-enteritis, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 o 0 fi 0 o 0 4 ~8i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 5 Gout, -... 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Oj 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 Gravel, ... 0 0 1 0 I 0 1 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 o Oj 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0' 0 0 Hoemorrhage, 1 0 o 6 1 3 1 4 1 19 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 11 1 9 3 lj 1 0 2 2 01 1 10 Heart, Disease of 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 4 3 0 3 4 1 3 4 4 1 1 24 5 3 3 1 0 4 5| 4 27 Hepatitis, 3 o 8 9 11 11 9 11 6 70 1 3 3 7 8 2 6 9 4| 5 48; 4 ^1 2 1 4 1 2i 1 IS CAUSES OF DEATH. Hernia, Hooping Cough, Hydrocele, Hydrophobia, Hysteria, Influenza, Insanity, Intemperance, Intestine, Ulcer of " Rupture of fnhi«sii*cei)tion, jauncuce, Kidneys, Inflamma Laryngitis, - Leucorrhoea, Liver, Congestion of " Rupture of - Lungs, Congestion of Mania a Potu, Marasmus, Causes of Death—Continued. WHITES. to o< A 00 OD to © 00 ts Oil X t~ to XI © OD CC © o X CO 00 ts OD CO CO X CO X CO X CO © 00 -J X X X) X 4- F 00 rr-r-i oc to X oo CO 4-i CO 1 ■x a 4-' 4--~Jj X — 0 0 0 1 0 0 ~)\~l 1 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 ] 0 C 3 0 027 2 3 0 12j 3 4 51 2 0 1 3 6 6 2 ■\ 0 0 2;] 7 3 0 .r 1 5 4 ] 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 <■ 0 0 (! 0 0 0 0 0 ( 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 V) 0 0 0 0 o 0 o <> 0 0 0 0 fi 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ( 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o % 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 fi 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 ] 0 fi 4 0 lj 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 ] 0 0 (! ] 5 Oj 3 4 2 1 2 0 1 18 0 1 4 2 1 0 0 1 2 0 17 2 0 0 1 5 2 2 2 14 16 11 23 i) 9 10 11 12 12 113 7 10 5 6 5 10 8 14 10 15 90 6 3 8 3) 3 4 5 8 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 oi 0 0 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 0 0 0 0 0 oj 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 li (I (: 0 0 0 0 0 0 fi 0 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 oi 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0; 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0, 0 fi 0 0 0 1 2: 4 3 3 0 6 2 2 23 0 J 0 0 0 1 1 3 0 8 2 1 0 3 2 (1 1 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 1 0 1 0 fi 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 li 0 0 0 fi 0 fi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 ( 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 fi 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 1! 0 0 1 2 1 0 (1 0 0 0 0 o °i 3 0 0 0 0 o V 5 3 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 (V o 2 2 2 ( 1 4 7 ] 2 0 10; o1 27 Q 1 0 0 0 ( 2 1 4 1 0 0 o 0 0 o l 1 31 1 fi 0 3 2 1 0 1 0 li 9 2 2 0 1 1 '•■■> ( 1 10 Causes of Death—Continued WHITES. A OD OD OD a 00 CD 00 00 X o 0, X X X OD X OD 00 ■>| X a 00 a X X X X c CAUSES OF DEATH. to to ts CO ts 4-. 0 tc O' fi ts © 0 ts -J 0 ts 00 0 tc © 10 CO © 0 18 I--( IO .o 0 CO 0 co 0 7 © 3 ^j 1 CO X 3 © 0 fi 14 0 4-ts 9 CO 0 **-4-0 — lb. Oi © *>-~j ib. 00 3 13 Measles, - 8 0 0 1 0 Morbus Coxarius, 0 0 0 fi 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mortification, 1 1 1 fi 0 1 0 1 0 5i { 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 Mumps, ... 0 0 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 0 0 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Murder, ... 0 0 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 0 0 0 ( 0 0 fi 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Melanosis, 0 0 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 fi 0 0 0 ( 0 0 i 0 (' 0 0 •0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Neuralgia, - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 ( 0 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 CF^ophngus, Ulcer of 0 0 0 V 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 0 0 fi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Old Age, 16 16 25 19 20 22 16 10 15 159 19 18 15 11 20 10 2 14 23 5 137 16 11 17 10 2123 30 28 156 (Ivaria, Dropsy of 0 0 oi 0 oi o 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 ( 0 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 1 1 Paralysis, 6 3 3. 3 fi! 6 0 6 6 39 5 3 7 2 1 2 1 i lj 2 27 2 2 5 4 4 7 6 2 32 Pericardium, Dropsy of - 0 fir 0 fi o! o 0 0 0 0! 0 0 0 0 ( 0 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 ] 1 0 0 1 1 4 Peritonitis, - 0 0 fi 0 oi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 3 0 0 7 0 0 0 1 0 o 0 0 1 Pleurisy, ... 1 9 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 12 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 2 0 7 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 Pneumonia, - 1 5 7 0 1 6 0 2 1 23 0 0 1 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 17 2j 2 <) 1 2 5 2 7 23 Poisoned, ... 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 Oj 0 0 0 1 1 0 (1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Polypus, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pylorus, Schirrus of 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 1 Quinsy, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 Roctum, Disease of 0 0 1 o o <>i 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ( 0 0 0 o| 0 0 0 1 ()| 0 d 0 0 ( 0 0 0 to CO QD CAUSES OF DEATH. 239 —Continued. Total t^-^©iO©rfi—I0©0©©©0©i—(i—ii—i 0©©i—!©©©©©©©i—Ii—li—1© 1845 cooocoocroooooortooo^oo 1844 1843 COOOOOOOiHOOOOrHOO^CJCJO CJ CC © "^ LC■ O © © O © © © © (CJ © © i-C CM o © 1842 1841 CtOOCCCOOHOOCOiHOi-iXiHOo © © © © LC © X © © © © O © CJ O © ■—ii—ii—i o I—1 Total ©«SOO>—i©CC©C-JOi—iOX rt c C CJ t» CD rH rH rrj< i—l r—1 i—i 1840 CJCJ©r-^CC©i-i©0©©©i—' CJ © © t- © r-H © 1839 ©©©©©©©Oi—i©©©©'-!©© X CM i—i i—i CJ 1*3* r-((CJ©©©©©©©©©©!—ICOO OO O i-c o 1837 hOOO^OOCOOOOhoOOOimOC CJ 1830 i—i C( ©©©©©©©©©©©■—i©©CCi—Ir-H© 1835 ©©©©■^"©©©©©©©©©©©CJ©©© 1834 CC©©©©©0©|—!©©©■—i o © © x> © © o 1833 lss-T OOCOihO(-OOOOOOOOOC)«00 OOOCCOi.jOOO"OHOOOiOi-irtO 1831 CJ©©©CC©©©©©©©CC^t"©©l^©i—i© Total t" © © CC tf © © © © CJ © CM CC JL C( h t- O X O ■—1 CC 1- CC l-H r-l JO 1830 l82ST cj © w © ^- © -c- © © © © © >—I©©—i © © i—i© r-iCJ©©T©©©©i—<©©©!—I©©©©©© r—1 1828 ©i—'©©CC©-^©©—i©©©CJ©©CJ©CJ© s 1827 (M r-1 ©©!•-© L'. O © © © >—i©tH©©CC©i-h© o 1826 ©r-i©ir;i—i©©©©©©cccj©©©OOi—(© 1825 ©r-H©X "©-?©©©© "©C»r-l©CC©r-.© 1824 l823~ ©^©©©©©©©©©'''©CCrHOO©©© tOOOrtOClCCOOrHO'tOO-tOClb 1822 T'©©©^©"—iOOOOOOCJ©©"^©©© -1* 1—1 1-4 H < w a so rA CC • Rheumatism, Scrofula, Scurvy, Small Pox, -Sore Throat, " " Membranous, Spasms, Spina Befida, Spine, Disease of Splenitis, Sternum, Caries of Sudden Death, Suffocation, Suicide, Swine Pox, Syphilis, Teething, Tetanus, Thrush, Tic Doloureux, j \\ Causes of Deo th- —Continued WHITES. A X (Ti X I 00 X 1 OD OD OO o X ix X: er> (Ti XI XI GD CD' X c OD X IX) OD X GO X OD 0 CAUSES OF DEATH. to ts 0 ts CO 0 ts 4^» 0 to CM 0 ts 0 to 0 to X 1 ts. CO ©, © 1 1 3 CO 2 to 0 CO CO 0 CO 0 CO C71 0 CO © 1 co 2 CO OD 0 CO © 1 4^ © 1 7 oi *> ts 0 4^ CO 1 4* 4^ 0 — OT 1 4^ © 3 4^ 1 4* X 0 6 Trismus Nascentium, Tumour, 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 Ulcer, 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0, 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o' Unknown, 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 26 29 4 6 10 7 6 10 3 4 1 3 54 6 1 3 0 1 2 0 11 24 Urethra, Rupture of 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 oi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 " Stricture of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oj 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urinary Fistula, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Uterus, Disease of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vaccination, 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Violence, 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 White Swelling, - 0 2 0 0 o 0 0 0, 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wounds, 0 o 0 0 0 1 0 oi 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 °l 0 5 oi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Specified Causes, 4'26 349 631 353 311 382 358 305 303 3418 j 274 244 22G 301 295 309 271 705!433 254 3312 253'l99 211 188 045 256; 218 292 1862 Non-Specified Causes, 0 42G 0 349 1 032 0 353 0 311 0 382 0 358 2 26 307 329 29 34471 4 278 6 250 10 230 7 6 10 3 274 4J l| 3 709 434257 54 3306 6| 1 259 200 3 214 0 188 1 246 2 0 11 24 Grand Total, 308 301 319 lav 218 ;:!03 1^86 CAUSES OV DEATH. Abscess, Accident, Apoplexy, Asthma, Abscess of Lungs, " " Liver, - Amenorrhea, Aneurism, Angina Pectoris, Atrophy, Birth, Premature Bladder, Inflammation of - ' Bowel Complaint, Brain, Disease of Bronchitis, Burn, - Blood Vessel, Rupture of - Carbuncle, Catarrh, Cancer, Causes of Death—Continued. BLACKS. li oo' oo' ex ts to' ts to CO, 4* X to 0 ui oo cr ts ts ts © -) ^JD 2 4 ()' ex\ ct c [1 x 'f> ts co rc;l| co: co ©! © £->,'■ h- ts 1 1 2 3 1^! 1 2 1 T so CO SO 4-»-fil 0 X CO 0 X CO © 1 OD co -1 2 X UD 2 00 CO © 2 XI 0 4- a ,—. 1 r* 111 X 4>- X hH-ts GO' 00 4^; 4^. CO; *» 0 0 X 4-01 1 00 4-© 0 GO 0 00, 0 4^ ^ oo1 £L 1 3 6 2 3 2 r 1 8 8! 5 14 7; 6 6 3i 4 61 1 4,' 4 ■l| 4 0 4 2 7 7 8 44 410 31 2 4 2 4 231 4 11 12' ;">' 3! 7 1-214 8 7()| 8' 9 Bill 3 11 9 14 11 12 96 5! 15 13 9 14 7 8 9 80 2 3; 21 0 7 2 2! 7, 2, 33i 4! 6 l\ 2 3 5 0 3 5 5 34 4| 3 4 1 8 4 1 2 27 (V tr oi oi oi o 0 o o Oi, V 0 l| ] 1 0 0 0 0 01 4 Ol 0 2 0 0 0 2 Oi 4 0 01 01 0 0 0 Oi 0 0 0 oi 0 Oi 0 0 0 0 0 0 fii 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0' 0j o, o: u! o 0. 01 0 o! 0 0 0 0 0 0 0: 0 os 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 Oi 0 0i t oi ()' 0 0 oi 0 0 0 1 0 0 0, 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 0 1 0, 0! o o o! 0 o' 11' ol o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0, 0 o o; oi o o o oi 0 0 0' o! o 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 01 I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ooo oi 0, 0 (V 0 0 0 o o 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Oj 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 oi 1 Oi 01 0| o! o oi 0, 0 o o oi o 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 (1! 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 50 1833 49 38 25,2(123 14 275 24 9 8 9 14 11 0 1 10 39i 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 lj 1 0 13 1 3i 3 I 14 1 1 2 1 2 5 4 4 3 3*26 ! 0 0 5 4 2 3 0 216 0 0 0 Oi 0 0 0! 0 0 0 0 0 01 4 1 1 0 0 0 Oj 6 1 0 1 3 0 1 1 2 9 o o o! o' o o 0 1 1 2 0 1 31 1 1 0 0 0 0 2: 8 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 0 7 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0, 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0. 1. 0| 0 0 fi 0 0 1 0 0 oj 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 7 7110 9 13 8 5 3 72 2 3 610 2 1 7 16 0 7 54 1 0 0 4 13 0 2 3 23 2 31 li 2 0 0 3 ll 2» 14 5 3 Oj 3 1 1 1 0 2 1|17 i l! 1 4 0 2 2 0 111 242 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Total 00 © CJ i-h © iO N tP iO ©Ci©t~©iO©CJt~©©©© © © CO Tp TP i-H 1848 CJ © CJ © © "tf © ©COHOC5t~000 Ol CO CJ CO © m -H 1840 1839 © © C3 © © CO o ©©©OCOtpOOtPiOO©© lO --H © © © © © Tp CJ OOOOhODOO^OOOO f- rH r-t 1838 © © © © © t^ © ©io©©r-coi—i©go©©©© lO (CJ ^3 1837 © © iO © © tP © ohooh^ooowooo lO r+ CJ S3 1836 © © CO © © GO CO cc © OCOOOHf OONOOOO O i—• l-H s 1835 © © TP © © Tp © o^oo^oooomHooo Tp l-H O O 1 1834 OOlOOOW 1-1 OnOCLOt>CONhOOO tP 1833 © © © © © C3 © ©rH©©©Tp©©CJ©©©© tP of Death-BLACKS. B 1832 © © r-t © © © © © OrHOOOQDOON^OOO 1(0 1831 © © tP © © © ©CC©©©10©0©©©0© © pH Total OHHOO-TP CD ©X©©©r-lCJ©©COCjTP© CQ Tp © rH TP tP © CJ rH 1830 1829 © 1—1 W O © T—t n©~<©~^r©~cr©" Oi © ©lO©OXtP©©J>i-h©00 lO i—1 rH CO to ©CO©©©©©iOCOCOOtP© i.O (CJ CJ 1828 1827 © O CO © © o © © © © © © r-t © © © © '-, ©CJ©©J-CO©rHCJirj©©© QOCJ ph i-h 1824 © © t- © © © © ©CJ©©©tP(OCJC0©©©© -P -H rH 1823 © © © © © © ■-1 ©rH©©0©©©©©0©0 GO CO • CJ 1822 H ! 5 0 0 0 0 o| 0 ol 0 Ol 0 11 0 4 1 13 38 41 j 133 3 11 15' 11 CO I 4-1 0 0 o ol 0 3I 0 0 8 e! 3 7i 0 Oi 0 0 7 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 n 3 3 0. oi 0 0 0 oj 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 o! 0 0 0 11 4 5 0 o 15 1 0 o 1 ° 3 0 1 19 32 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 14 58 (I 0 23 ll' 0 1 3| "l 0 0 32 11 2 2 2 0 0 0| 0| Oj 0 5 3| 1| li 0 0 2 13 1 0 01 2 :>0J41 7J H 4 Oj 0 0| 0 0 0 0 4 4' 2 01 0 0 0 5 3 33111 7J14 4| 2 Ti\ CC CO 'CO -t 00 © 00 4^ Oj 2 52,40 10I10 01 0 0 0 2 39 3 1 2 4 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 11 3 0 5 1 0 0 H O P 00 4* 4^ ts 1—1 QO 4*. h-' OD 4^ 1—1 OD 4* © r-i 00 4^ -J 17 1 0 1 1 0 2 0 357 34 34 33 37 23 41 26 90 10 0 10 4 10 5 4 21 1 5 3 1 0 1 0 16 4 0 3 2 4 3 1 34 ' 3 8 5 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 J 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 4 1 3 3 12 1 24 2 1 0 2 3 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 °i 0 0 (!• 0 0 0 0 97i 1 1 1 12 2 0 0 0 70 2 3 2 2 3 4 0 6 1 0 5 0 1 0 0 75 9 9 4 3 2 9 20 21 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 10 : 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 oi 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 22 4 1 5 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 j 2 1 0 8 250 53 12 22 24 4 1 0 24 11 1 0 16 16 7 61 6 CAUSES OF DEATH. Fever, Intermittent, " Puerperal, " Remittent, " Scarlet, " Typhus, " Worm, " Yellow, Fistula in Ano, Fracture of Arm, - Thigh, •' Head, " Spine, Fungus Hoematodes, Gastritis, Gastro-enteritis, Gout, - Gravel, Heart, Disease of Hepatitis, Hernia,_____-____- Causes of Death—Continued. BLACKS. B Xl OD tSj ts Oi © x' oo x ex tOl tS ti CO --»! oo, © © Oi 0 oi 0 oj 0 oi 0 13J18 16 5 0 0 o 0 ol 0 9| 26 5 0 0 i 0 0 0 Oj 0! 0 0 l1 0 0 0 o' 0 oj 0 9 5 0J18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0| 0 0 0 0 0 o oj Oj 0 0 0; o; oi o; o o| 4J 4| 0' 2; 1 li 0| Oi 1 oi 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5| 5 01 0 0 0 6 4 15J12J11J19 2 Oj OJ 1 0, Oj oi 0 o| Oj oi 0 o o oj 0 OOOO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 3 5 3 1 6 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 74 122 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6i ol 5j 3i 39 4] 00 OD CO CO H-> to 1 o Oj 0 o! o 2jl0 91 5 x x COt £ oi 0 0 0 oi 0 3, 0 0: 7 X OD, 00 CO CO CO Oi' ©! -J 0 Ol 0! 00 OD CO CO ■00 © 0 4 0 0 0. 0 10 8 9 6 7 21 0 0 0 o i o 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0! 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 2 1 5 3 1 0 3 4 2 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 7 4 5 8 0 0 0 1 0 1 7| 6j 8 oj 0 ol 0 1 °i i 0 0 0 0 2 0 rj r- H- I— O X 00 X £■ 4-, 4V rb. r-\\ r-l tS CO XI 00 OOj XI ~ rb.\ 4^ 4^1 4^- cr en © -J od t- 4j 3 H o oi 0 0 0 Oi 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0' 0 21 0 5;j 0 0:j 0 28! 0 79' 6 95 7 6!l 0 11 0 o:j o Oi 0 l«il 1 2511 4 o^l 0 1 1 10|| 2 43ji 2 3 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 015 1311 4 5 0 0 0 0 oj 0 Oi 0 oi 0 o, o 0 0 2 1 3 8 0 0 0 1 4 2 2j 4j 1 2 Oi 0. ol o| 0: 0 20, 3; 12 6 10; 2 0| 0 0 0 OJ 0 Oi 3 2! 0 0; 0 0 0 0 7 6 0 0 0 4 2 5! 3 0 1 0; 6 OJ 3 0 40 662 2J36 oj 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 30 29 21 CAUSES OP DBATH. Hoemorrhage, Hooping Cough, Hydrocele, Hydrophobia, Hysteria, Influenza, Insanity, Intemperance, Intestine, Ulcer of " Rupture of Intussusception, Jaundice, Kidneys, Inflammation of Laryngetis, Leprosy, Leucorrhoea, Liver, Congestion of " Rupture of Lungs, Congestion of Mania a Potu, Causes of Death—Continued BLACKS. B 00 to ts to CO 0 00 ts 4^ 0 (Xl ts o< 3 I—I X to © 0 QO ts 4 r— 00 ts iX 1 CC ts © 0 >—i CC CO © 1 ^ 1 o 11 00 CO r-1 r-*\ r-i 00 00 CO CO to CO 1 0 ts X CO 4* 0 1—1 X CO Oi 2 1—' X CO © 2 00 CO -J 2 X CO 00 0 00 CO © 4 GD 4^ © 0 rl o 12 ■ r-i CC 4^ i—' 0 1—1 00 4^ ts 2 00 4^ CO 3 00 fi r-i 06 4^ Ol 2 OD *> © 2 00 4^ 1 r—I GO 4^ 00 2 H o 12 2 0 4 42 8 7 0 55 4 11 13lj 7 0 7 5 10 19 10 6 0 0 64 18 6 0 If 5 2 14 1 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 5 0 7 0 1 4 2 3 5 0 o 24 1 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 7 3 3 0 3 0 1 1 1 2 14 2 0 3 2 1 2 3 2 0 3 18 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 8 2 3 3 8 4 11 7 7 6 51 4 7 5 3 4 5 7 3 3 1 42 1 3 0 1 1 3 4 2 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 1 2 3 Oi 2 1 0 0 0 9 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 o 0 5 1 0 0 1 1 1 1! 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 oi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 oi 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 (1 0 0 0 1 0 2: o o 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 Oi 0, 0 li 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oj 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0! 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 i o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 ' o 0 1 ° 1 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 o 2 fi 0 0 2 246 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. "8 r-« *&> Total © co © co i—i i—t ~ - rii-owHmoffiWHOM' 1848 I cc^©"©©©©,-,c<»"©m©r-(LOi-0©©©© 1847 I "-i©©©©!—'©©©gooco© 1«40 I "«3"="0"^TrM Tp 00 © © © © © © © CJ © TJfl" © © CC © r-t © © rH CO 1845 ©©©0©0©©in>©'©rHCO©©©rH 1844 ' MaoHcooooooiooocoiooooo 1843 i © i—i © © © 1842 [1841 Total ©©©©©OOrlrHCJTprHO©© ________________________CO________________________ l^-H©©©©©©©t-©CO©©rHl^©©©rS C3_________i-j__________ "l-H © © © © © © © © CJ © CQ © © "H IC © rH © C Ot r-i c-J TP © r-H © © © © l-H TP © CQ © CJ rH M i-H CC Tp t- CO CO 1840 !-H©©rH©©O©©rH©4-©©©C0©©©C 1839 cq 1838 1837 1836 1835 1834 1833 1832 1S31 HOnbOOOOOHHWOHCOhSOOC r-iwt-oocjiraoooo QOOOCHCCOHCO © TP CO © © © © COCQO©©©©©© —■ © lO © © ~r-1 l-~" © © © 1-H C ~.©0©©1^©©©©CQ©©©>- n©OCOOOOI>Ot-00©CJrtrtCi Total aoco©oD©©©©©cj©m©©©©©'HC> CO © Tp CO (CJ 1830 ' >f2©©ff'2©©©©©i^©cc.©©aoTp© ©©©■—iOOSOOOOOOOhhOCCO CJ©0©©©rH©©© tP 1827 I '-' ° © "©"o © © © © oi ©"©""©' © © c; © © © © I __ _______ ________tP____________ ____ ___ 1826"' 0^c:' ;-~~0 o © © © © io c'"o ©©tptp©©©o 1H25 ! <=""w © © © w 1824 © © © © TP 1823 1822 ©©©©©©©©©t-©t-© 05 lO i-h © © c c Tp O © I—I © I-H '© OCrHOOCCCOOiOOOiflinOOOS "©00©rH©©©O©TP©TH© rH CO Tp r-t © © © © Q 3 „U p •" -Q 2 p 02 ^ 3 ©I fa 71 O) co 3 crt (/J r© 05 Ir ei OJ o SS s jr;^L~:L~:Jr <" tvi ~ »* ci *->.ij Causes of Death— -Continued. BLACKS B 00 OO GO1 00 00 GO X 00 a c GO oo- a 00 00 00 00 00 OD X 00 00 00 00 00 g • AUSES OF DEATH. ts ts ts CO to to *»; o< ts © ts ts ^i x ts © © 0 CO 0 CO ts 0 CO CO 0 CO 4* 0 0 CO © 0 CO 0 CO 00 0 CO © 0 © 0 0 4* 0 4-IS 0 CO o 4^ 0 4* c fi 4-0 tr. -Q 0 1 1 Rectum, Diseases of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rheumatism, 3 4 7 1 1 2 4 4 28 1 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 9 0 2 3 0 0 1 1 0 7 Scrofula, 4 6 2 2 3 1 H 2 «> 23 1 4 o 1 1 3 3 4 2 2 1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 13 Scurvy, o 0 lj 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 fi Small Pox, - 0 0 L3414 0 0 0 16 65 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 37 1 o 46 0 0 0 0 0 47 Sore Throat, 3 4 7 2 4 0 2 3 ,r> 30 3 3 1 1 3 1 0 16 15 3 461 1 2 7 0 1 2 0 1 14 " " Membranous. 0 0 01 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cl 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 2 8 Spasms, 3 4 6 7 51 1 11 11 12 63 8 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 13 6 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 13 Spina Befida, 0 0 0 o o' 0 0 0 o 0 0 fi 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 oj o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spine, Disease of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 8 (i 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 Splenetis, 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 o 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Sternum, Caries of 0 0 0 Oi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sudden Death, 4 3 2I Jj 4i 1 0 0 1 Hi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 1 1 Suffocation, 0 0 Oi 2 o| 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 o 0 1 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 Suicide, 1 2 li Oi 2| 0 0 o 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 o o 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Swine Pox, 0 0 0 0 Oj 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 fi Syphilis, 0 Oi 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 Teething, 20 2«|l0 101916 17 26 10 156 24 16 13 21 21 33 30 45 31 25 259 2127 30.17 15 21 25 21 177 Tetanus, 0 01 0 0 2i 1 0 o 2 7 o 0 1 6 5 3 4 0 4 2 27! 3 2 3 4 6 3 8 5 34 Thrush, 3 8| 4' 4| Oj 5 4 9 1 38 1 1 3 3 1 3 ] 1 3 5 221 1 5 o 4-, 4 0 2 0 0 15 o p a c. H c E (Specified Causes, Causes not specified, Tic Doloureux, Trismus Nascentium, Tumour, Ulcer, Unknown, Urethra, Rupture of " Stricture of Urinary Fistula, Uterus, Disease of Vaccination, Violence, White Swelling, -Wounds, > n CO H CO o 0 H > H Causes of Death—Continued. BLACKS. ^ ©tO©©©©o©^o^o©© SS8I 1 t* CO 0©tO©©©©©isOtS©tO© 8681 *■ i .c SSI© iS OOmOOOOOOOOOOO £S8l % O -J ©oo©©©©©©©©^© SS81 co ■b © CO OOmooOOOOhhhO 9S81 10 © t2 ©©I-1©©©©©©©©©© IS81 si© s _ ■ ©©©©©©©©©©tomo 8381 tS co cO ©©©©►-i©O©t5C0©4i.© 6r.ftT CO ts *; ^ ~ tS r-> OOmOOOOOOJOWhO 0881 40471 29 "40761 r-l ts Oi ©tS©©>-J©©©(£>.^(^7,o© JBIOX *■ so rf-o-i ^T to Oil '-1 CO CO r-©o©o©oo©tso©©© 1881 UI ol Jo i "OOOOOOOtOHOOO I 6881 if 'X TO H- tS 1 tS©0©©©©©QD©©0© j 8881 £1 © £: _ ts ts 1 *J|-'0©©©H-'©ots©4^© £881 Wl H " SI 4^ to ©©©©©OOOtJUtSi—'00© 1 e88i 00 1 col ts K OD o5 — tSl H-» I !-,©©©r-©©©G0©©r-O 9881 SI ol CO © s ©©ooooo©©©©©© 1881 II 00 1 ts 1 OOOOOOOOQOMOOO 8881 6881 otei 81 od K ©©©©©©©©aooo^o C0| CO aol 4^ £ ts | ©OOOOt-'COrfi.©©^© 1 1014^.1-si*, a r- rl I 4*. © Clh-OOMHHO*kOw!CC JBJOJ. col CO bil oo 3 o o o o t; c o o j- o o -1 o 1£8I COI CO C-'©©©-J©©©© eriods. n each 100 there were in 1822 to 1 1831 to 1841 to | 18-22 to 1831 to 1 1841 to 1830. 1840. 1848. 1830. 1840. 1848. III. Apoplexy, - 76 96 80 1.88 2.31 2.86 Chorea, ... 0 0 0 Cephalitis, i 0 6 7 1 .13 .25 Convulsions, 283 136 1201 6.99 3.28 4.28 Delirium Tremens, 0 3 2 .07 .08 Epilepsy, 2 24 11 .05 .57 .39 Hydrocephalus, 5 21 12 .13 .50 .43 Insanity, - 14 18 8 .35 .43 .28 Paralysis, . - - 45 74 35 1.12 1.78 1.25 Tetanus, - 157 196 254 3.89 4.71 9.07 Brain, Diseases of - 16 27 16 .39 .67 14.45 .55 Totals, - 598 601 545 14.80 19.44 rv. Asthma, - 33 34 27 .82 .82 .96 Bronchitis, - 0 6 y .14 .32 Consumption, 646 537 406 15.96 12.94 14.48 Hydrothorax, 15 90 53 .37 2.17 1.88 Laryngitis, - 0 o 1 .04 Pleurisy, - 36 39 20 .89 .95 .71 Pneumonia, - 20 32 46 .49 .76 1.64 Quinsy, . . - 1 2 2 .03 .04 .08 Organs of respiration,diseases of 0 4 744 10 .10 .36 20.47 Totals. - 751 574 18.56 17.92 v. Aneurism, - 0 1 q .02 .09 Pericarditis, - - - 0 0 1 .04 Organs of circulation,diseases of 4 10 29 .09 .25 1.05 Totals. - 4 11 33 .09 .27 1.18 VL Colic, . - - - 29 21 16 .71 .51 .55 Dyspepsia, . - - 1 [ 1 4 .03 .02 .14 Enteritis, - 6 52 54 .15 1.25 1.93 Gastritis, - 3 17 25 .08 .42 .89 Hernia, - 4 1 3 8 .09 .07 .29 Peritonitis, - 0 1 2 3 .04 .10 Teething, - 156 I 259 177 3.85 6.25 6.32 Worms, - - - 122 1 95 36 3.01 2.27 1.28 Organs of Digestion, diseases of ( ! i 5 I .02 .19 Hepatitis, - 3! i 43 21 1 .96 1.04 .75 Jaundice, - 9 ! 5 (i .21 .13 .21 Liver, Diseases of - 1 0 0 .03 Spleen, Diseases of 0 37C 1 1 1 l .02 1 .04 Totals. - ' 500 356 9.12 12.04 12.69 254 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Abstract of Causes of Death—Continued. BLACKS. D Number of Deaths in the periods. In each 100 there were in 1822 lo 1830. 1831 to 1840. 1841 to 1848. 1822 to 1830. 1831 to 1840. .02 .02 .05 1841 to 1848. .10 .08 .10 VII. Diabetes, -Cystitis, -Gravel, ... Nephritis, ... Urinary Organs, Diseases of 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 3 2 0 3 .12 Totals, -VIII. Child Birth, -Puerperal Fever, Paranemia, - - -Organs of generation,diseases ol 5 41 0 ] 0 4 36 5 3 2 8 22 1 2 12 37 7 0 0 3 10 0 3 0 2 .12 1.00 .03 1.03 .69 .09 .89 .12 .06 .04 .28 .81 .04 .07 .40 Totals, -IX. Rheumatism, Bones, Diseases of -Hip, Spine, " - - 42 28 0 0 0 46 9 0 2 9 1.11 .21 .06 .21 1.32 .27 .09 Totals, -X. Fistula, -Ulcer. - - . . Purpura, ... Skin, Diseases of - 28 0 7 1 3 20 1 6 2 3 .69 .16 .03 .08 .48 .02 .15 .05 .07 .36 .11 .07 .18 Totals, - 11 12 340 5 .27 .29 8.19 XI. Of Old Age, 362 227 8.94 8.09 xn. Burns and Scalds, -Drowned, -Executed, -Fractures, -Hydrophobia, Intemperance, Killed accidentally, " by design, -Poisoned, - - -Suffocated, -Suicide, -Wounds, - - - 2 19 0 0 3 51 61 6 0 2 7 0 8 16 0 1 0 42 44 1 1 1 1 5 7 22 0 0 0 15 31 1 2 0 1 1 .05 .47 .08 1.26 1.50 .15 .05 .17 .28 .39 .02 1.02 1.06 .02 .02 .02 .02 .04 .24 .80 .53 1.10 .04 .07 .04 .04 Totals, - 151 29 120 80 3.73 2.89 2.86 xni. Causes not Specified, 144 43 Abstract of Deaths in the Different Months, of the years 1822 to 1848, inclusive. E WHITES. BLACKS. j Sr *i s > 1 rt c £h > w o 2 o «H "3 g > K =* l? > W \ O 21 0 Years Sex. P & -) E M ■a r <( o Each Both P C p 3. $, p E c ■s p. 0 0 Each Both Grand L . p- Sex. Sexes. p" Sex. Sexes. Total. CO W 1822 Males, 13 17 18 12 25J 37 31 27 26 32 23 23 284 15 13 22 19 23 28 34 21 19 26 15 18 253 Females, 9 6 10 10 14 17 7 20 14 10 12 13 142 426 25 17 14 19 21 28 25 30 18 23 14 12 246 499 925 1823 Males, 24 22 10 18 21 30 26 18 11 16! 15 6 217 21 14 14 20 19 24 29 19 20 21 6 8 215 Females, 12 14 6 14 10 17 19 4 10 8i 14 4 132 349 20 18 15 19 2l| 24 34 33 20 18 10 18 250 465 814 1824 Males, 9 16 19 15 15 37 23 54 155 44J 26 21 434 9 17 13 11 16 31 38 13 31 14 10 19 222 Females, 13 9 7 9 8 20 14 19 40 25 19 15 198 632 14 16 18 14 12 30 18 21 21 18 10 13 205 4271,( 1825Males, 20 15 17 12 7 27 18 39 17 15 27 14 228 11 12 16 24 30j 33 20 17 23 25 23 19 253 (Females, 9 4 ! 6 9 12 15 13 11 7 16! 10 13 125 353 15 12 15 17 13 36 30 31 14 14 18 19 234 487 840 l826,Males, 10 20 19 10 21 18 21 20 18 12 23 11 203 17 19 17 11 18 18 22 30 20| 11 18 16 217 (Females, 10 8 8 10 8 7 9 13 7 6 14 8 108 311 13 14 19 13 26 23 21 28 22 15 21 21 236 453 764 1827jMales, 21 15 12 15 20 13 26 40 51 31 11 3 258 24 12 14 15 13 23 25 29 16 19 15 11 216 Females, 11 6 6! 7 10 11 12 26 14 15 4 2 124 382 23 10 15 22 25 23 21 17 14 17 15 3 205 421 863 1828;Males, 15 8 15( 12 12 20 39 30 35 25' 12 9 232 9 13 9 23 16 18 33 24 29 20 11 17 222 (Females, 8 6 13| 6 8 13 17 12 14 13} 8 8 126 358 9 11 23 16 17 18 35 20 17 26 10 11 213 435 793 1829!Males, 20 14 4 13 9i 15 27 26 15 10 12 18 183 18 14 13 14 23 24 31 17 19 13 11 8 205 'Females, 13 8 11 6 91 6| 23 12 9 8 9 10 124 307' 18 17 17 21 25 23 29 24 18 19 27 12 250 455 762 1830iMales, i -> 12 7 1 13 13! 13= 16 15 34 30; 19 21 209 12 12 15 9 26 23 20 22 23 10 19 8 199 jFemalesJ 11 e ► . 11 7 14 13j 14 5 10 13 7 12 126 120 2,248 329 19 25 16 8 23 24 27 16 20 24 14 19 235 434 763 TOtalMales, 14913S 121,120 143209^227 269|362!215468 136 126 133 146 184|222i252 192i200 159 128 124J2,002 [Females, 96: 61 78 78 , 90419428(12^125(114 97 : ! 1 i 1 i 85 1,199 156 140 152 149 183I229J240 220-164 174 139 1282,074 Grand TotaL245 20t 199|l98;233 328!355l391i487l3291265511 3,44713,447 ^292 266 285 295 367l45lU92 412;364 333 267 252|4.076 _.. .. 4,076^7,523 256 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. Deaths in the Different Months—continued. E td i-H o S3 >- o OEh •a g 733 560 542 692 664 1,172 630 1,209 856 605 CO co co t-" lOOCO-^COcOCOOCTOO mrHooocoioiooCT^. Tfeocococoaoco^"*00 05 CT •Sri oot-—i03COooococor-cooocojc~Mi->ot~rH rtcotD^0(Mr-QO^Hoor-r-(MOia5r-r-CTCTrHrHrHrtrHCTrHl—1 -f ^ H rt ff| (S IM H H H CO ># o ■<* CT CT" o> -o>-Hcoo^HCTL--^tir^oooooa)-*oo»ooo NOV. rHrtrHrHrHdrHrtrHrtCOCTrtrH rH rHl-HrHJ co co iOi CT CO 00 rt rt l(M „ . |COCOOi-*CT"O-*--J,06"c0iClCTCTCTC3O3CT00cblO| OCt. |rHrHl-Hi-lrHr-ll-lrH H CO O) rt H H H « H H H j CO CO CO CT CT 'rt* Sept. Aug. OOCOCOdiiOfOOCTOOCOCOCOOCOTt0 r^ CT r^ r-0 cocysoiOJOOCTcoCTcortCToor^OrtcoCTt-io CTCVSrHrtrHrtCTCTCTrHCOCOrHrHfOCOCTCTrHrt CO 00 , i-h CT rt Ui CT CT hf ,, i>-irH050cooor^coL^r^'*rHCTiocoioir-T-HCT-*|iooo,co July cq n rirHr-i i-HCTrti-HcoeocoCT'^CTrHCTCTrHfoajfO 1 Ict i-H 1 -rji ,rtiCTrHCT00i-ii-ct-01CNTtiC0OC0CTC000-H00i0,>OiOiO JUne CTCTrHl-HrHrHi-HCTrHCTCTrHCTCTCOCTrHCTrHCTOJOO | IrH Oi iTf ,00CTCT0Jt-iOCTOG0iO05iOfC0050DCOr-TfiOiCTrt<| May rt CN -H rHrHi-HCT rt rt rt H H H H H rt |^f -f to Ol . .. ,ocnocDoeooor-tr-ocoio CTCTCTCflCOCOCTt-TfCT CO Ico" c3 CD W«2 ■^•*CTaoorHCTcooiCTcoco.CTCTr-ioor~r---t»000 CO CT i00 © CT oco>OCT>oCTair-coai030icoooooocooo3 nept. rH HrtHrtCCrt TfrtWCOH 05 ">* -rj< rt CO 1 rH CT 00 lO >Ot- M rH rt |CO . lO5OC000-*CT00'^lC000CTCTCTCO00t^CTC0-t-0»0|rHr)'|>0 CT rH rHrH rH CT rH rHrHCT OHffl rt Oi O l(M ICO Tnnr. l^^^-H^Tfl^CO-CTO»0050t-COMOO»CTH«5lO r- CT Oi CO O) i-H Jan. -TwuJUJrtr-rtcomrtOW t- CO COtf5T*CTrt>Q|COCo rt rH rH rH rt rH rH H H « rl rt CO 00 05 CT a o H C a o -J -8 .J - 8" . S „ S . S S S 8 J IJ |J S SI 8 g 8 § 81 Sfl Sg Si 3ll|3|3JaJaJalalall1 (li _ cu ■Si rt cu r%rM i i* 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 3 o DEATHS IN THE DIFFERENT MONTHS. 257 Deaths in the Different Months—Continued. E < n | a i- o OH rt©r-coor~co-rji 05l005>Ot-0",*rH 0»OCOiCiiQCOiQCO CO CO t-if 3S ^02 >OOCOO-H<050rt MIOOOBNHBH coeo-^coeocoeooo Tf oq, CT »OOt~COt~COCOCTCOrtCTr-OOCTrtO COt-OOCOCO-<3,t~a5iOt~GOCOlQl~COl£J 1-HrHI-HrHCTCTi—li—Irti-Hrtrt,—IrHrtrt CO rH" rH CO Tf 00 94 Dec. • C0rtrtrt00-HHCOCOOOC~CTOC505»OCO r-\ r-l rH rt rH CT rl rtrt r-t »0 05 05 05 OS Nov. rKNrtlOCDfrOOrtMrtt.CqOO 05 00 O oo Oct. Sept. TjiQocscocor-QcMOicooior-r-oq t~ o CO -tf CT Ttco-^*cocoooooco-^CT05t~t-or~t-rt rl r-l rH CT rH rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt CO -H< CT rt O CT Aug. THOOOCOOO»OC005COCOlCOO"t~05't^CO rtrtrtCTCTCTCTCTrtrtrtrtrt r-i iO CO CO tH 00 CT July fGOTl<»OCO-Hl05TfOCTr-i000505»0 CNJ rt l-H rt rt CT rH _ rH rH rt rt rt rt CT CT rH CO "co~co~ T* CO 5 CT CT June rtrtC5*o>coartO)t-iocor--tcDto rtCTrHrtCTCTrtrti—Irtrti-Hi-Hrtrtrt May rtrtOrtCTCT00CT05C0C00505CTt~t-rtrtCTCTCTCTrtrt rH rH rH CT rt CT CO CO CT »o CT April 05-HOrt05>OOC0 Nov. coot-cocor-rtM'COOcocnM'fto rrt rH rtl 1-HrHrHrHi-HrH Tt" GO C5 L- CT (Jet. CJC005'Hi-rr00t~OCTC5iO05rt00C0CO o r-O IT) r~ Sept. CT-f05C5CTOt^£^r-CTt~rtrHC)0G0O O5C0 rH Aug. July C5 Oi C5 CO rt 05 L- C© rt cV. rtCTOOr-COCO rH rH T—li-Hi-HrH rtrt o5 m oo r- Tf CO COQOCT05TtlCOC00505CT-r»000505CO CI rH rH rH rH rH rH rH o t- oo r—1 June OC0 05 05C5CTr-CO-HGOCOOOOOrtrt05 CI rt r-l rH rH r-l rH r-l rH rt CO o oo ~r~~co~"" CO CO O 05 ~o CO rH May «OCO(OiQ(DiniS«M)!)OiOiQOTli rH i—1 rH I—1 rH rH April 1 05CTO0505OO-rC0t~C?500C0CTCTO i—1 rH rH rH rH rH rt (M oo co CO Tf March cor-r-CTcor-ooi-oooi^cocoTfcoco rH rH l-H rH rH 0O co tt 05 CT i-H Feb. 00C00000rHC0t-00O05C0t-OO>OO rH rti rH t—1 rH rH O CO oo io 00 rH Jan. csricoiocOitcor-oiooi'l1'-ir-io -f r-l r-l rH rH rH rH rH rt I-OO CO Cl 1841 Males, l Females. 1S42; Males, Females. 1843 Males, Females, 1844 Males, Females, 1845 Males, Females. 1846 Males, Females, 1847 Males, [Females, 184S, Males, (Females. CO co 73 -1 a r^fa -2 o H 3 o rH "O a c-3 (-o 258 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. CO CT >o t-" Abstract of the Deaths at different ages, from 1822 to 1848, inclusive. o 925 814 1,059 840 764 803 793 762 763 "" 05 >o r- t- co rn io »o *? ^?T)OTfrt>OCTOiOCOrtCOrt©CTrt©»005CO CTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCT<-iCT CT Tf 1 o r-©o CT CT ' co r-o , «* "b co *3 rt Tf rt ©"rt iOCTTfCMCOOiOOrtOCTCTCT Oi CO 1 CT | So CO CT rt CO rjl CT'T)O00©O5rtCTCOTfCOTfr~©COrtCT CT rH rH rHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHl rt t- 1 05 CT ~CT iO~| © O 00 CT t-»o CT © CO © CO CO TfO5rHO5rt©COrHCTO5CTTflO>O0000C0© 1 ~0 C0rtCTCOi-i£-CT»OC0r~05rtl-CO05*O-fO5 1 rtCTrtCTrt OirHrHOirHrHrHrHrHOir-lrH © t- | Tf CO -So O "^ »OOCTCOTf©©CTCT05COt-COiOCOCT05CT CTCTCTrtrtCTCTCTCTrHrtrtrtrtCTCTrHrt CO CO t- CO £o o-* 0©0005©©t~rtG005CTiOC005©0500CT TfCTCTrHCTrHCOCTCTCTCTCTCTrtCTrHrtCO 05 Tf CO 05 CT -h CO CO TT 05 CO CO o ■rtO 8™ iOCOCO»OTfu-)OiO»OTfOO»OTfTf05CTrH05 OiOiOiOiOirHOiOirHrHrHrHrHrH rH Oi rH V- CT t- co 2, I OCX CT©©05iOCOTf05©iOCOCOrt©CO»OCOCT t- CT CT CO 05 00 Oi 2o O5rH00COO5©COQ0O5COrtCO00O500t-Tfrt rH r-t rH rH rHrH rHi—1 05 rt 1 00 05 o 00 ~CT (M CO o ■rt in rtrtrt»od5G0C<»t~©00CTTfCO00COO5COCT TfTfCOCTCOTfCOCOCOCTCOCOCOCOCTCOCOCO © CT 1 © CT CO CO I Under lyear corHrtTfcqoocorHt-cooo>oco©co©a5co TfcO»OiOCOTji»OTli»OCOTfCOCO»OTf»OCOTf "O Tf CO 05 Tf CO 05 oo •< J. at 3. * COa5CTCOrtCT00t^O5 CTTfCO»OrtOOiOOCT TfCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO Tf Tf_ CO H 53 1 ! ca a> -rfCTrHCTTf0000>OCOCOG0-fCTCOCOTfO5© 00TfrtC0C005CTCTO©»OCTC0CT00CT©CT CTrtCTrtrtrtCTrHCTrtCTrtCTrtrtrtCTrt 00 05 Tf 05 CT i-h CT rt r-Tf co" mo 00©0rt00©0©00©rt©©0© rH rH CT -So ©OOrt©0©rtrH©©©CTrtOCT©CT CO f O 0 if <~> - ci 00 cOCOCTTft~COCTCOCOOo'TfCOCOCTCO»OTf>0 rt IO CO Tf CO CO 2 T"0 OOJ cococoTfocoo>rHCOTiiiOiooooo5a5CT—i rH rH rH r-l rH rH >o 00 CO l- o — o o t- 05lOrtrtCOCOCOrtrtasC005TfTf©C0©CTTfrt0500©t-rH©COCT05© TfrtTfrtCOCTCOrtCT CO CO rt CT rH CT <-t Oi in rH O CO rl o •rtO OH" m CTt-CT©iOiOTfC0O5Tf©CTrt05»OCOrtCO COrtlOCTOOCTiOrtTfrtCOrtlOrtCOrHCOrt Oi CT © >o VO rH o -rtO on CTTf»OTfOOCOTfrt©lOrHTfTf©>005lO lOCTCOrHCTCTTfCTTfCTCOCTTfrHCOrtCOrt Oi CT " CO |T-Tf rH o rtO O »OTrTfCOG0CO»O00O5CT© *o co Tf CT o -rtm O5CT00rtCOGOrt©COC~«OCTrtrt00iOCT0O CTCTrtCTTfCTCTCTrt rHrHOirlrHrHOirH r-- -rf © *o CT -H ir- r-CO Tf CO CO " rt CO Under 1 year CTCO00C0CO©O5»OO5CT©>OiO00COTfiOCT CTrtrHrHCTCOrtrHrtrHrHrtT—IrHCTrHrHrt 1 >< vioiiDtnoiOiOiaiu) ^05^0)^05^0) 05 05 05 ^ 05 05 co'rt co" '"rt ■*" T3 * ? co""c~ oT "Th "5"? °5~T- co" "7! k2,Wrt0lrt0lrtC'rt0rt0rta,rt*irt'-' S fa e=i fa F-3_fa_r-i far'.far^fap5far^fap»(fa CT CO -f iO ' CO' "r-" 00 05 © CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CT CO oOOOOOoOGOcOCOaOGO 1 * CJ o H 'rt H b DEATHS IN THE DIFFERENT MONTHS. 559 Abstract of Deaths—continued. | F _J H O _H 72 k> rt O < 733 560 542 692 664 1,172 630 1,209 856 605 CO co CO o x *O©CO-fC0COCO©CM00 *Ot-H©oocoio»o©o)Tf TfOOCOCOCOOOCOOTfCO r-05 CM Tf" 5 G> won cor-Tocoocococor-Moocor-mr-or-rti iH«tOT»Mr-oO!r-cor|i-ioot-r-(Mc3<>lrtrtrtrtrH(>}rtrtTfTfrtrtCOCOt^>OOTfCOrtCDTfGVl <-• CO co o Tf oo So 1 8° 1 COOO5 rt(Mrtrtrlrtrtrt rtCOTfrtOlCMCMrtrtrl r- »o 05 00 CM 00 CO o -rt© 8" ©TfCO00rtO5CMCOCO(Mt~r~©00©G\!Tf©©00 CO Tf 00 © n CM oo CO o -rt o OCI t~C0C\!C0©Tf©©C0TfCOC0COCTCTrH CO 00 Tf f. CO CT Tf CT CO Under 1 year CO©Tf00©O5CO»OrHrHlOTfCO©G0CT00iO-flO Tf Tf CT i—ICOrHCOTfCOCOlOCOCOTfCOCO»OCO'-fCT CT OS CT rH Tf CO I-H Tf H U oo©cooOi—i05Tf05Tfir-L--iOC0©©rHC-©COlO CTCTCTCOCOeOCTC~TfCT CO CO CO-CO 72 -a Eh 3 1 "5 ? Tf-fcN00"HrtCTCOO5CTCOCOCTCTrH00t-t^TfCO (OrtTfOTOOlrtOOrtOOqr-OiOOONCDf CT Tf Tf CT CT rH OirH CO CO CO co" o ■"' OOOOrtOOOOOOOOOCOOOOO © X-H 1-1 So o OHOSlOrtrtOIMrtrtrtOOOHrlOOrt in go CO rl So o cs 00 ©t~rtC»CTCOt^TfTfTfC0 05C0C0CTC0TtlCOCTTf 00 Tf CT >0 f <" CO 3o O CD t-CTfcoG5oo»ocococo©rtcorr05©cocoiOco x—t I—1 rH rH rH t- >o co oo CT »o 05 1—1 ~o oi-cs C501r-t~rtt-t~OCT©CO©rH©TfrH>005©eO CT t~ © t- So rH00O3kO©COO5-fCO00t-CO©TfCOCOCO00COTf ,-H I-HrHrHCTrHCTCOrHi-l I~ r-H t- r- GO Tf CT o — o o in COO0CDCOO5nCO©'Ot~C0©©©r~O5Tfrt-f00 CT (N rl rl rt M CN CI COrtrHi—l»Ol—ICOl—ICT Tf t-r- x-t CT rH rl CO o rtO O -1" en lOTflOClrtOOl—ITfCOCOTfCOlOTf-fCOi—Irt-frt TfrtTfrt-frtCOCTTfr-iCOrtCOrtCOCTCDCTCOrt CO Oi CO CO in r-t CT © o -"0 0« or- r-riooGOcocoCT05TfCTiot— >o © ct co 01 ■—i CO i—1 rt rt CT CTrt-f COCTTfrHC5COOi—l»Oi—1 1 00 Tf 1 r-io >0 r-l CT CO oo i-H -So OO' t~00>Ot-C5t-COCO»O»OrH>O00CO©COrHCO00TII i-H x-H CT rH CT rH 1 t- ft o r- oo in1-1 1 COTflO'OrHCTCOTfTfrtCOTfOTfCTkOOOt'OCT CT x-t 1 © rH co >o I—I o -rtm rH Under-1 year CO l rtco©t-»or-c--©r~05coooo5coio»oCTcoL^CT CT CT i—1 rH rHx-Hx-trHrHrHT-tCOx-HOix-t rH 05 CO iO IO rl t—1 CT I-H CO 1 G0t-O"0O05t-©C0C0lO05C0rt©CTt~Tf05L-rH x-t x—tOix-tx—tx-l rt rt M rl rl rt rt CT © vO — 1—1 rH CT CO CT ofafco co i» »" m" u" it k C15^Cl5riCl5^cl5^05riO5^05 05 05 05 en" "Th co ""p tn *7h if j *73 co "T- co "~» m Til oT T^ co" *"* O©rt00Tf»Ort© CMCMCMrtCMCMCMCO co 00 00 rH 03 © H«2 rt00©©rHCOO5O5O5t-TfTfTfTfrHCM c-oocMoocooooir-rtCM-frHrH©coTf rH rH 1—4 rl r—IrHl—IrHrHrHT—IrH 05 r-CD x-h ©oo x—t co oo oo x-^ li 0©©©00©0©00©©©©0 © O 1 © o . •—o oo OirH I—IHCOOlHOOOOlOJOHOlHlHO GO iO CO i-H o . -rtO 005 00 CMCDCMCMrtiOCMCOTfCOCD00C0O5CO© CO CM cj »o iQ f o . rt O OOO Tf©©OSiOCO»0»OiOCOIr-©TfcOTfiO l-H I—4 rt I—( l-H Tf Tf co oo oo rH rH o . t-o ot-to ©rr-CMrHCO©(MCOTf©©t-CM»OCMCO rH l-Hrt I—IrH l-H 1—1 l-H rH rH oo co r- co Tf Tf o . O CO m cM©coco©cooor-©nior-TfcMCMoo rt 1—lrl rH r—1 i-H rt rl i—1 Tf Tf 00 CO 00 rl o . -»-o o«n Ot-or-Or-OJCOrco-*c7)COf>OcO CO r-i CM rl (Mr1 CM rt CM rt 00 05 O CD x-t OCOCOO5CO0000TflO©COCOTfTf CTrli-irHCT rt rt rl rl (M O) rt rt CM (M X-H CT CO CT rH i—l CO GO CT Under 1 year oocot~05rtir)t-oo©cDc~ooTfir-cot-HHH rt rlrHrlrlrl t-Hrt © -V rl Oi CO 05 M s rS a r-jfa -f © CT Ol 02 of c/f co co to co" wT of - & - ^ -35 „ CV „ Sj ^05 ^05 OJ °2"13 m Ti c° "~i ^ Ti "^T co""-* of T^ «7J i_ g J5 S J2 g'wrt S^g^gs^gi-g ^fa^farrifairtfaf-r. far-ifar-ifaSfe Tj o Eh c rt o c3 o > rHCMcoTfiocr>i-oo Tf'f-f-f-Hrt-H-rf 0000000000000000 STATEMENT OF DEATHS IN CHARLETON. 261 Statement of the Deaths in Charleston for twenty-six years, from 1822 to 1848, inclusive. G t DEATHS. i ■ROPORTION TO POPU- LATION. Years. \ 1822 Population Males. ) 537 Females] Total. 925 One in | In 100 "3772 24,780 388 26.78 1823 26,301 432 382 814 32.21 3.10 1824 27,822 656 403 1,059 26.27 3.80 1825 28,233 481 359 840 33.60 2.97 1826 28,644 420 344 764 37.48 2.66 1827 29,055 474 329 803 36.68 2.67 1828 29,466 454 339 793 37.15 2.69 1829 29,877 388 374 762 39.20 2.55 1830 30,289 408 355 763 39.68 2.50 Mean. 472 364 836 33.82 2.95 1831 30,187 382 351 733 41.17 2.42 1832 30,085 303 257 560 53.72 1.86 1833 29,982 281 261 542 55.31 1.80 1834 29,879 350 342 692 43.03 2.32 1835 29,776 365 299 664 44.50 2.23 1836 29,673 639 533 1,172 25.31 3.95 1837 29,570 352 278 630 48.52 2.06 1838 29,467 828 381 1,209 24.36 4.10 1839 29,364 502 354 856 34.30 2.91 1840 29,261 361 244 605 46.36 2,18 2.57 Mean. 433 330 766 38.80 1841 28,910 336 258 594 50.35 1.98 1842 28,559 307 243 550 51.83 1.92 1843 28,208 368 329 697 40.47 2.47 1844 27,857 282 271 533 50.37 1.98 1845 27,596 272 298 570 48.40 2.06 1846 27,155 326 281 607 44.72 2.23 1847 26,803 272 276 548 48.89 2.04 1848 26,451 322 292 614 43.05 2.32 2.13 Mean. 310 281 592 46.77 262 CENSUS OF CHARLESTON. GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. The Government of the City consists of a Mayor and twelve Aldermen—called the City Council. They are chosen annually, in the month of September. The Mayor is elected from the citizens at large, and the Aldermen from the four wards—3 from ward No. 1 ; 2 from ward No. 2; 3 from ward No. 3; and 4 from ward No. 4. The Police consists of the Mayor as chief; of a City Guard, composed of a Captain, three Lieutenants, 16 non-Commissioned Officers, and 116 Privates, and of six Policemen. The Mayor has the appointing power of the above, with the exception of the four Officers of the Guard, who are elected annually by the Council. APPENDIX. WARDS. 1 2 3 4 Total. 240 280 263 379 1,162 78 120 76 135 409 90 169 158 239 656 2 7 28 28 65 0 8 43 18 69 2 2 1 0 5 2 3 5 3 13 3 0 2 3 8 0 0 0 1 1 13 36 21 79 149 39 98 54 99 290 0 5 6 9 20 0 20 13 16 49 Horses, Cows, - Dogs, - - Licensed Carts, - " Drays, - " Buggies, " Carriages, " Omnibusses, Unlicensed Drays, " Buggies, " Carriages, "Gigs & Sulkies, ■•A. »■ * /'* .iijiinan WM •il ''iliii' i- "I I' '•! !« 'I'lifllii »::'!l!!l( ' Will ||i;r!l,:.l'' I'T, ii I*' 'Mllll, JlliU'ti'Hl ■: :i: ::\H:^:;-;;;:;i::;:r!t,il,^ifei4^iS ■■.-. ,.i.:l,:-:rihj-:!'i,'«ij-:,..:: »■■: