AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSN. PRESS. 
SUGGESTIONS TO MEDICAL 
AUTHORS. SUGGESTIONS 
TO 
MEDICAL AUTHORS 
ISSUED BY THE 
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 
PRESS 
American Medical Association 
Five Hundred and Thirty-Five North Dearborn Street 
CHICAGO Copyright, 1914 
BY THE / 
American Medical Association »v 
Five Hundred and Thirty-Five North Dearborn Street 
CHICAGO Suggestions to Medical Authors 
PART I 
SUMMARY 
Don't thresh over old straw - a simple observation 
of your own is more acceptable than a rehash of the 
whole literature. 
Don't pad. 
Don't indulge in "fine language." Tell your story 
simply and naturally. 
Make your title descriptive but brief. 
Use subheads. 
Provide a summary and conclusions if your article 
deserves them. 
Make your case-reports readable. 
Verify quotations, spelling of proper names, etc. 
Watch your tenses. 
Don't call your patient a "case." 
Don't say "we" or "the author" when you mean "I." 
Offer your paper to only one periodical at a time. 
Don't ofifer a carbon copy, or an untidy, a rolled or 
a close-spaced manuscript. 
Number all pages consecutively. 
Put your name on your manuscript and on each 
illustration. 
Don't offer negatives or glass slides as illustrations; 
send preferably good pen and ink drawings, or as 
second choice, good, clear photographs or wash draw- 
ings in black and white. 
But don't offer illustrations unless they really illus- 
trate. 
Number all illustrations. 
Provide legends describing the pictures. 
If a portrait is to be used with the face uncovered, 
secure permission and say that you have done so. 
Don't permit "beautifying" retouching which 
obscures the point of interest. 
Don't offer colored pictures as illustrations unless 
necessary. 
Don't give slipshod, incorrect, incomplete biblio- 
graphic references; better give none at all. 
When you receive your proof read it carefully, 
answer all queries and make legible corrections. 2 
1. THE WRITING OF AN ARTICLE 
WHAT IS AN ACCEPTABLE PAPER? 
There is no infallible recipe for an acceptable paper. 
An editor may be under the necessity of refusing a 
model paper-original, concise, well written--because, 
for instance, the subject may not appeal to the class of 
readers who take that particular periodical, the interest 
of that field may already have been overworked, or he 
may have accepted previously another paper which so 
nearly covers the same ground as to make a second 
superfluous. Yet there are a few general character- 
istics which belong to an acceptable paper. 
Originality.-A paper for publication should be 
based on the author's own experience, observation or 
thought. To write an article on a subject studied from 
standard and easily accessible literature may be a use- 
ful exercise, yet the result, even though an excellent 
paper to read before a small gathering, will not be 
appropriate for publication. The first requirement for 
an acceptable paper, in brief, is originality. 
An Official Standard.-An editor is not justified in 
offering to the readers of his journal something which 
most of them have at hand in one form or another. 
The standard for section papers of the American Med- 
ical Association is useful. It provides that papers 
must (1) contain and establish positively new facts, 
modes of practice or principles of real value; (2) 
embody the results of well-devised, original experi- 
mental researches, or (3) present so complete a review 
of the facts of any particular subject as to enable the 
writer to deduce therefrom legitimate and important 
conclusions. 
Brevity.-The shorter a paper, the better its chance 
of being read. Some authors would write far better 
papers if each word used cost them a dollar. Each 
word on the printed page does cost money in space, 
and in-what is far more valuable-the reader's time. 
Simplicity of Style.-Experience justifies a few ele- 
mentary warnings against: (1) unnecessary display of 
irrelevant knowledge or second-hand information; (2) 
needless notes of all the literature that the author has 
- or has not - read on the subject; (3) the idea that 
citing an author's name in a bibliography is a dispen- 
sation from the obligation of using quotation-marks 3 
around any quotations from his work; (4) quoting 
from a language that the author does not understand 
-a ludicrously misspelled or ungrammatical Greek or 
Latin quotation, to the experienced manuscript reader, 
betokens shoddy if not stolen goods. 
Careful Writing.-Interest in one's subject should 
not lead to hasty, careless writing. The following 
examples are taken from actual manuscripts: 
The relief of pain and all symptoms of acute disease has 
disappeared within a few days. 
A large amount of omentum not strangulated was found. 
No bowel was present. 
The death of young infants in early infancy shows a large 
mortality in cases of infants under four weeks. 
Smith mentions that three out of nine of his guinea-pigs 
died without further particulars. 
The Spoken and the Written Word.-The require- 
ments for a paper read before fifty or a hundred 
physicians are necessarily different from those for a 
paper published in a journal read by fifty or sixty 
thousand. An author reading a paper before his asso- 
ciates in a county society may justifiably introduce 
non-essentials-a story to enforce his point, a local 
allusion well understood by his hearers, a pleasant 
personal reference. All these are interesting and 
appropriate in their place. The speaker's personality 
gives them force; the environment gives them point. 
Tn cold, impersonal type they are without weight or 
interest. Hearers will listen to a lengthy paper, even 
though it be rambling and discursive; readers of the 
same paper will impatiently turn the pages to the next 
article. 
Delete Non-Essentials.- Most medical papers are 
written primarily to be read. Therefore, before they 
are offered for publication, the non-essentials should 
be rigorously pruned away. 
CONSTRUCTION 
An author of a paper, like the builder of a house, 
should prepare his plans in advance. A suitable title, 
suggestive subheads, a clear summary, and cogent con- 
clusions- these represent the framework of a well- 
constructed paper and go far toward making it read- 
able. 4 
A. The Right Title.-Explicit and descriptive titles 
are necessary, but they should not be too long. Such 
titles as "What Caused It and How to Prevent It?" 
and "Four Rare Cases" are uninviting to the reader 
and a source of despair to librarians and indexers. 
Thus handicapped, an article may be overlooked by 
students of the subject, the author thereby losing 
credit that should be his. On the other hand, a title 
should be as brief as possible. No one remembers 
such unwieldy titles as "Brain Tumor or Psychomotor 
Area, Causing Jacksonian and Generalized Convul- 
sions, Visual Hallucinations, Somatic Operation. 
Recovery, Mental and Physical" and "Erythromel- 
algia. Report of a Case Presenting Peripheral Vaso- 
motor Disturbances in the Hands and Feet for Twelve 
Years, Reaching a Climax in Eight Years, with Recov- 
ery Following Treatment by Suprarenal Substance." 
B. Clear Subheads. - Long articles should have 
subheadings. Such indication of the subtopics enables 
the reader to grasp quickly the general trend and to 
find the special points in which he is most interested. 
The author should be more competent than any one 
else to supply such subheadings. A complicated sys- 
tem of subheadings, however, is confusing rather than 
helpful to the reader. 
C* Summary and Conclusions.-The summary-the 
brief abstract of the article--may appear as an intro- 
duction or at the close; the conclusions - the deduc- 
tions drawn from the cases, experiments or other facts 
set forth-appear always at the close. Not every 
article should be summarized. Those of more than 
average length (more than fifteen hundred words), 
those which involve much description of detail and 
technic, and those which aim at a complete survey of 
work on a particular subject, demand a summary. 
The value of the summary and the conclusions is 
less appreciated by the average writer than by the 
average reader. The busy physician looks at the title 
to see if the subject interests him, glances at the sub- 
heads to see the phases considered, then turns to the 
summary to get the gist of the article. If he finds that 
he is especially interested, he studies the whole paper 
carefully. Thus he and hundreds of others who other- 
wise would have passed the article by will be led to 
read it. Further,, the good influences of the summary 5 
do not end with the readers of the particular journal 
in which the article first appeared. The summary and 
conclusions will be reproduced by many other journals 
that would not take the trouble to abstract the article. 
In short, the summary and conclusions are not 
merely the means of fixing in a reader's mind what he 
has already read; they are the means of introducing 
the article to a far wider public than it would other- 
wise reach. 
ACCURACY AND CLEARNESS 
Spelling.-Technical, foreign and other unfamiliar 
words should be scrutinized with care. It is especially 
important to verify the spelling of proper names. A 
manuscript in which one name is spelled in two or 
three different ways indicates a tendency toward inac- 
curacy which probably is a factor in more important 
matters, and which may be the "last straw" that 
influences the editor to reject the paper. 
Quotations.-In direct quotations, the words of the 
original should be given exactly; each direct quotation 
should be enclosed (beginning and end) in quotation 
marks. Both of these rules are disregarded frequently. 
Specific Measurements. - Vague comparisons like 
"as large as an orange," "the size of a walnut," "as 
thick as one's thumb" are to be avoided so far as prac- 
ticable. It is best to give measurements, whenever 
possible, in exact and unmistakable terms - centi- 
meters, inches, feet, etc. The name of the unit should 
be given: 0.001 mg. of tuberculin, not 0.001 of tuber- 
culin. 
Verification-No matter how intelligent and trust- 
worthy his stenographer may be, an author should 
never neglect to read his copied manuscript carefully. 
Such neglect sometimes leads to absurd mistakes, as, 
for instance, "poor diluted individual" for "poor 
deluded individual"; "peculiar form of deftness" for 
"peculiar form of deafness"; "deceased oysters" for 
"diseased oysters." 
The Words "Case" and "Patient."-It is recom- 
mended that the word "case" (an instance of disease) 
be distinguished in use from the word "patient" (the 
person affected by the disease). The case is reported 
or discussed; the patient is operated on, recovers or 6 
dies. The patient still exists if the case is ended by 
recovery. The confusion of the two words might per- 
haps be pardoned if it were merely a matter of lan- 
guage ; but as it sometimes indicates a confusion in the 
physician's mental habits, we venture to emphasize the 
importance and desirability of remembering that a 
patient is a person and not merely a "case." 
"Temperature and Fever."-A patient who actually 
had "no temperature" (could such a thing be imagined) 
would be in a serious condition. "No fever" or "no 
elevation of temperature" is the term which should be 
used. 
Ambiguous Pronouns.-Sometimes an author will 
refer to himself in one place as "the writer," in 
another as "the author," in a third as "I," and in still 
another as "we." He may then use the pronoun "we" 
with reference to the medical profession or the world 
at large, and refer to the writer of some previously 
cited literature as "the author." A degree of ambi- 
guity is thus sometimes reached which makes it impos- 
sible to be sure when the author is referring to himself 
and when to some other person. An author should 
refer to himself in the same terms throughout; and 
certainly the use of the first person singular-I, me- 
is the clearest and most satisfactory. When an author 
is reporting work done in conjunction with others, it 
is proper for him to use the pronoun "we." provided 
he has explained who are represented by the "we," so 
that the reader will not be confused. For example: 
The attending surgeons of the Roosevelt Hospital, with 
which I am connected, have tested this method in every suit- 
able case during the past three years. We have found it of 
unusual efficiency and we recommend it for the purpose. 
Or: 
My assistant, Dr. James Marbury, and I have studied all 
of these cases, and we find that with only three exceptions, etc. 
An author should refer to any other writer by name, 
if it is known, not as "the writer," or "the author." 
For variety's sake, however, it is not objectionable to 
use such an expression as "this writer states," to avoid 
too frequent repetition of the name of the author 
quoted. 7 
CASE-REPORTS 
A case-report should be as readable as any other 
part of a paper. More than any other portion, it 
demands a clear, unambiguous style. Too often case- 
reports, instead of being written as connected, 
smoothly flowing narratives, are transcribed verbatim 
et literatim from the original records hastily jotted 
down at the time the various events occurred. The 
redundances, omissions and obscurities of such a 
report make unpleasant or even unintelligible reading. 
Moreover, the jerky, telegraphic style of the record 
sheet may result in actual padding. The following is 
an example of this style: 
"Patient, Giuseppe Roverano. Age 35. Color, 
white. Nationality, Italian. Occupation, laborer. 
Condition, married. Complaint, inflammatory rheu- 
matism. Entered Brown Hospital Jan. 15, 1909." 
This would be shorter, as well as more agreeable 
to read, if written as a sentence, thus: "G. R., an 
Italian laborer, married, aged 35, entered Brown Hos- 
pital Jan. 15, 1909, complaining of inflammatory rheu- 
matism." 
Negative Findings. - In many case-reports tran- 
scribed from the original records too much space is 
devoted to negative or unimportant findings, or find- 
ings which have no bearing on the subject under con- 
sideration. 
♦ 
Confusion of Time.-A fault which is too common 
in case-reports is illustrated in the following: 
Case 3.-A. D. Feb. 8, 1912. Hairpin in the bladder and 
renal infection. Girl 22 years old, first seen three years 
ago. . . . Two years ago her kidney was explored. 
. . . A year ago this patient went to the city hos- 
pital. . . . Soon after this I heard of her as a patient 
with marked polyuria. . . . From the early part of the 
summer until August she had retention of urine and had to 
be catheterized. . . . We took her in on this account. 
. . . At one time while she was in the hospital she 
attempted to catheterize herself. . . . Five weeks ago she 
allowed a friend ... to attempt catheterization. . . . 
The friend told her the next day that she had allowed to 
slip into the bladder a hairpin that had been used to stiffen 
the catheter. ... I saw her three weeks ago and found 
the hairpin. ... I was not then allowed to remove it. 
. . . On February 3 she told me that the day before she 8 
had had pain in the left renal region. . . . Examination 
next day showed marked cystitis. The pin was removed. 
. . . Within four days . . . the patient was discharged. 
January, 1913. Two weeks after leaving the hospital 
another pin was found in the bladder. 
The foregoing is the chronological skeleton of a 
case-report actually offered for publication. It well 
illustrates the fact that the word "ago" is a snare 
to be shunned by writers of case-reports. 
Coined Abbreviations.-Another blemish on some 
case-reports is the use of coined or unfamiliar abbre- 
viations, often quite unintelligible to the reading public, 
such as "W. D. & N." for "well-developed and nour- 
ished," "H. & L. O. K." for "heart and lungs normal" 
and "L. L. L. N. R." for "left lower lobe no rales." 
Abbreviations which are not to be found in dictionaries 
and ordinary text-books are permissible only in tables, 
and there only if explained or self-explanatory. 
Tenses.-These should be used consistently. If, for 
instance, the present tense is used for the sake of 
vividness in reporting clinical examinations or patho- 
logic findings, that tense should be maintained 
throughout the paragraph. Sliding backward and 
forward between the past and historical present 
should not be tolerated. It will usually be found 
simplest to use the past tense, at least in the narra- 
tive portions of the report. 
RULES OF THE A. M. A. PUBLICATIONS 
Simplified Spelling.-The various publications of the 
American Medical Association have adopted what may 
be termed conservative simplified spelling of medical 
terms. In particular, they have agreed to drop the 
diphthongs from words of classical derivation such as 
esophagus, hemorrhage and ameba. 
Uniformity in Style.-Authors are requested to bear 
with patience the slight alterations in form which it is 
frequently necessary to make even in the best and most 
carefully prepared manuscripts, in order that varia- 
tions in the individual styles of contributors may not 
result in unpleasing discrepancies in the general style 
of the publication as a whole. The editors make such 
changes with reluctance, and only because experience 
has shown that slight editorial supervision may save 9 
authors from criticism on minor points and readers 
from needless confusion and misapprehension. 
Exclusive Publication. - Articles are accepted for 
publication on condition that they are contributed 
solely to this journal. This important notice, together 
with much other useful information, appears in The 
Journal each week on the second advertising page 
following the reading pages. This rule is enforced 
not only by The Journal, but also by all other high- 
grade periodicals. If an article which has been put in 
type for The Journal is later found to have been 
previously published elsewhere, the author will be 
expected to bear the expense needlessly incurred by 
The Journal. 
Mamiscripts not Returned.-All articles published 
by The Journal are accepted on the understanding 
that the manuscripts become the property of the Asso- 
ciation. Used manuscripts are not returned. If an 
author desires to refer to his article in manuscript, he 
should retain a carbon copy. 
2. PREPARATION OF THE MANUSCRIPT 
CARBON COPIES 
A carbon copy of a manuscript offered for publica- 
tion shows on its face that the original - the better 
- copy is soriiewhere else. If this other copy were 
under consideration by any other periodical, the 
article of course would not be acceptable. It is 
important to have the best possible copy in the hands 
of the publisher, where it has to be read by six or 
more persons who have not seen it before. The 
author can readily use a carbon copy, as he is 
familiar with his own work, and in most cases will 
not need to refer to it after it is in the publisher's 
hands. 
A carbon copy of an article, in short, is prejudicial 
to its chance of acceptance. 
NEATNESS 
A slovenly appearance raises against a manuscript 
a presumption which may be hard for even a judicial- 
minded manuscript - reader to overcome. Thus, 
illegibility, close spacing or other marked defects in 
the preparation of a manuscript, as well as errors in 10 
spelling, grammar or diction, give the impression that 
the research or observation embodied in the article is 
equally slipshod and inaccurate, and may turn the scale 
against its acceptance. 
Fig. i.-The manuscript here shown possesses several of the worst 
mechanical faults that a manuscript can have. It is single-spaced; 
the margins are insufficient; the corrections are crowded and almost 
illegible. No manuscript exhibiting any of these faults should be 
offered for publication. 
Fig. 2.-The wide spacing and ample margins of this manuscript give 
opportunity for legible correction. 
FOLD, DO NOT ROLL, MANUSCRIPTS 
A manuscript should not be rolled; unless it con- 
sists of a considerable number of sheets it should 
be folded. When it consists of too many sheets to 
fold easily, it should be sent flat. 11 
Fig. 3.-The only serious fault to be found with this manuscript 
is that it is corrected as if it were proof, and is therefore unnecessarily 
hard to read. It is shown in Figure 4 properly corrected. 
Fig. 4.-This manuscript is properly corrected 12 
Letter-size paper is preferable to foolscap or note. 
A very soft or thin paper is objectionable, because 
hard to handle and liable to blur. 
MARGINS AND SPACING 
Manuscripts should be typewritten, preferably with 
a record, not a copying ribbon, well spaced between 
the lines and with margins of not less than 1 inch. 
Lines should not be close-spaced for case-reports or 
for any other matter. This point is of great impor- 
tance, since the manuscript editors place directions 
to the printer on the margin and between the lines 
of the manuscript. In some instances it may be 
impossible to prepare a close-spaced manuscript for 
the printer. Extra space should be left at the top 
of the first page. 
The beginning of each paragraph should be indi- 
cated by proper indention. 
NUMBERING OF PAGES 
The pages should be numbered consecutively. If 
pages are unnumbered, the deficiency may not be 
noticed until the misplacing of one of the pages causes 
a break in the reading. A manuscript may be neatly 
fastened together when it is sent in, yet some of the 
pages may become loosened in passing through many 
hands; moreover, when an article is sent to be printed, 
the pages may be distributed among several com- 
positors. 
The numbering should commence with the title-page 
and should run consecutively through the entire article, 
including the pages on which are references to liter- 
ature and the descriptive legends to go with the pic- 
tures. It is well to write the word "end" at the bottom 
of the last page. The pictures should not be numbered 
as pages of the manuscript, or pasted to the pages of 
the latter. The proper treatment of pictures is 
explained further on under the heading "Illustrations." 
author's name on manuscript 
It is essential that the name and address of the 
author be on each manuscript. Since, if a paper 
excites interest, readers may wish to communicate 
with the author, it is well for the latter to put the 13 
street and number of his office or residence (in 
preference to the name of the building) at the end 
of his article. 
SYSTEMATIC PREPARATION 
Certain other faults in manuscript preparation, 
though less obvious at first glance than those already 
mentioned, are no less serious. A bulky manuscript 
Fig. 5.-An example of a bad background. The wall-paper is of the 
same tone as the patient's skin; the picture in the corner and the chair 
at the side distract attention from the subject. 
said to embody much valuable original research was 
offered for publication some years ago. To casual 
inspection the mechanical features of the manuscript 
appeared acceptable; but when it was read, an appal- 
ling lack of care and forethought on the author's part 
was evident. The reports of some experiments were 
numbered ; others were not. Illustrations were treated 14 
similarly, unnumbered tracings and photographs being 
laid between the pages of the manuscript and each 
referred to as "this picture," or "the accompanying 
curve." Explanatory matter which should have been 
placed under the illustrations as legends was incor- 
porated in the text. If the pages of the manuscript had 
been scattered accidentally, no human ingenuity and 
intelligence (except, possibly, the author's) could have 
Fig. 6.-A good background, contrasting well with the subject. Com- 
pare with Figure 5. 
reassembled them. In the condition in which it was 
submitted, it could never have been entrusted to the 
printer with any hope of getting it on printed pages in 
intelligible form. The rejection of such an article 
ought to be expected. In this instance, because of the 
importance of the subject and the character of the 
research embodied in the article, the author was 
informed that if he could make the manuscript accept - 15 
able it would be published. Apparently the task of 
overcoming the deficiencies hinted at above was too 
great, for, so far as known, this article has not yet 
appeared in print. 
3. ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES 
CHARACTER OF ILLUSTRATIONS PREFERRED 
Illustrations must illustrate; they should be clear, 
distinct pictures. To show instruments, apparatus, 
diagrams of operative technic, etc., drawings with 
pen and black ink on hard white paper are usually 
preferable to photographs. If it is not possible to 
obtain drawings of glass tubes and polished metal 
surfaces, they should be slightly smeared with a 
dull lead paste, in order to prevent the confusing 
reflection of light which interferes with clearness, and 
should be photographed against a plain strongly con- 
trasting background. Examples of good and bad 
backgrounds are given in Figures 5 and 6. The 
camera should be focused on the detail to be shown. 
Roentgenograms. - Unless exceptionally clear and 
distinct, these are unsatisfactory. A roentgenogram in 
which any one can see whatever he wants to see. 
provided his imagination is vivid enough, is valueless; 
moreover, the half-tone reproduction cannot be as 
clear as the original. Therefore, a roentgenogram 
which must be studied with much care in the original 
in order to be understood will probably show no details 
at all in the reproduction. When it is possible to use 
a diagram instead, this will be found far more graphic 
and hence more acceptable. 
Prints Preferred to Negatives.-Negatives and glass 
slides are not acceptable. The author, moreover, 
should not risk their destruction in transmission. 
Prints from negatives should be clear, distinct and 
made preferably on glossy paper. They need not be 
mounted; if the author prefers to mount them he 
should take care that there is no waviness or warping, 
as this may show in the reproduction. Photographs 
should not be folded, as this breaks the surface and 
the cracks will show in the reproduction. 
Lettering.-The surface of a photograph or drawing 
should not be marred by written descriptions or refer- 
ences. Neat, distinct reference figures or letters in 16 
black ink are unobjectionable (Figs. 7 and 8), but they 
should be explained in the legends. On request, the 
engraver will do this lettering if instructions are fur- 
nished - for example, if the author indicates letters, 
etc., on a tissue paper sheet placed over the face of 
the picture to protect it. Some pictures, such as 
photomicrographs, need to have the point of interest 
indicated by an arrow. 
No Superfluous Space.-Artists and authors should 
bear in mind, in planning and executing pictures, the 
size to which the picture is ultimately to be reduced. 
If reference letters are used they should be made large 
Fig. 7.-Satisfactory method of using reference letters on a diagram. 
Craniocerebral guiding lines traced on a photograph of one of the cases 
prepared by Professor Cunningham.- (Anderson-Makins.) G, glabella; 
I, inion; M, midsagittal point; A, external angular point; S', squamosal 
point; P, parietal point; E, preauricular point; a, commencement of 
fissure of Sylvius; b, bifurcation of fissure of Sylvius; d, termination of 
fissure of Sylvius; Ce, central fissure; O, parieto-occipital fissure; G to 
I is the sagittal line, A to P the squamosal and E to M the frontal. 
enough to allow for reduction. The object to be 
shown should occupy most of the space. A picture in 
which there is an unnecessary expanse of background, 
or in which the physician or nurse overshadows the 
operation or procedure to be shown, or which includes 
a wider field than necessary, might have to be reduced 
so much that the essential portion would be insignifi- 
cant or indistinct (Fig. 9). To avoid this excessive 
reduction, editors often instruct the engravers to 17 
reproduce only that part of the picture which contains 
the essential detail. Lack of foresight on the artist's 
part may make a satisfactory reduction difficult or 
impossible, as when a picture intended to illustrate the 
use of a needle shows the needle at one end and the 
stitch at the other end of a long stretched thread. An 
illustration of an incision should show, not the patient's 
whole body, but merely enough of it to indicate the 
region of the operation. Pictures in which parts need 
to be pointed out by arrows should not have lengthy 
Fig. 8.-Legible inscriptions so placed on an illustration as not to 
require extra space. 
explanations on the margins, but merely reference 
letters, placed within or on the margin as close as 
possible to the picture, which may be explained in the 
legend or descriptive matter below the picture. The 
artist's signature should not be placed on the extreme 
margin if it is to be reproduced. 
Reductions. - In preparing an illustration it is 
always best to have the original at least twice the 
dimensions of the finished reproduction. By reduction 
from this size the finished illustration gains in clear- 
ness and sharpness. 18 
CHARACTER OF REPRODUCTIONS 
The two kinds of illustrations found in The Jour- 
nal are those known as "half-tones" and "zinc etch- 
ings." A half-tone can be made from any copy fur- 
nished, whether it is a photograph, a wash-drawing or 
a line-drawing. Actually, these half-tones are used 
almost exclusively in reproducing photographs and 
wash-drawings. Zinc etchings are made from line- 
drawings. A zinc etching cannot be made from a 
photograph or from a wash-drawing. Both half-tones 
and zinc etchings are made by a photographic process; 
hence the most satisfactory "copy" for reproduction is 
Fig. 9.-Front view of hospital. This is unsatisfactory because the 
inclusion of too much sky and foreground in proportion to the chief 
object of interest necessitates excessive reduction. 
that which comes in plain black or white, or, in the 
case of half-tones, some gradation between black and 
white. Colors do not reproduce to good advantage. 
Half-tones, zinc etchings and other printing blocks 
will be made by the publishers at their own expense 
when satisfactory photographs or drawings are sup- 
plied by the author. 
Numbering.-Illustrations should be numbered con- 
secutively in a single series (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), even 
though Figure 1 may be a blood-pressure tracing, 19 
Figure 2, a picture of a pathologic specimen or of a 
patient, Figure 3, a diagram and Figure 4, a chart. 
They should be referred to in the text as Figure 1, 2, 3 
or 4, as the case may be - not as "the following 
illustration," "the picture above," etc. 
Insertion.-The author should indicate on his manu- 
script the points at which he desires the illustrations 
inserted. "About here insert Figure 1," etc. When 
the article is made up in pages the pictures will be 
placed as near to these points as it is practicable to 
insert them. 
Mark the Top.-Write "Top" on the upper margin 
of each illustration, especially if this is not self- 
evident. 
Anonymous Pictures.-The name of the author of 
the article should be on the back of each illustration, 
even if sent with the manuscript. This is very impor- 
tant, as illustrations go through many hands and all 
trace of them may be lost if they are not distinctly 
labeled. 
.Return of Illustrations.-If an author wishes his 
illustrations to be returned, he should write the word 
"return," together with his name and address, on the 
back of each picture. This method is better than a 
letter requesting the return of the illustrations, It 
eliminates as far as possible the chances of the illus- 
trations being lost or soiled, being a notification to the 
engravers and printers to be especially careful in 
handling them. Without such especial care, illustra- 
tions often become smudged with ink and dust. 
Illustrations are not returned, except for very special 
reasons, until after they have been published in The 
Journal. 
charts 
Construction.-Charts should be condensed as much 
as possible in order that they may be reproduced with 
the least possible reduction. Waste space should be 
avoided by bringing the borders down close to the 
curves and eliminating unimportant or irrelevant data. 
Thus, if a temperature curve ranges from 97 to 104, 
it is needless to reproduce the whole of a chart made 
to show variations from 95 to 107. Words and sen- 
tences placed on the face of the chart, unless very 
neatly printed, spoil its appearance. It is usually better 20 
instead to place reference devices (letters, asterisks, 
etc.), on the face of the chart and to explain them in 
the legend (Figs. 10 and 11). Figures and letters 
should be large enough to stand reduction and should 
be "printed" rather than written in cursive characters. 
Colored inks should not be used in drawing the curves. 
If several curves are to intersect each other on one 
chart, all may be drawn in black, each being distin- 
guished by a line of different character (Fig. 11). 
Fig. 10.-A badly made chart. Nine rows of squares not occupied 
by the curve have been left at the top, and twenty-two rows to the 
right. These squares have been written on and thus constitute a part 
of the chart; otherwise they might have been eliminated in making the 
plate. This large amount of waste space has caused the chart to be 
unnecessarily cramped in being reduced to column width. If this space 
had been omitted, the chart could have been reproduced on a scale mak- 
ing the squares half as large again, as in Figure 11, and the chart much 
clearer. As the leukocyte count did not extend above 27,000, the 
upper border of the chart should have been placed at this point, and 
the "28,000" omitted. Writing on charts should be avoided. In this 
chart the writing obscures the highest part of the leukocyte curve, and 
the enforced reduction of the size of the chart has made the words 
practically illegible. That writing can be avoided is shown by Figure 11, 
in which single letters of reference take the part of the descriptions, 
while the latter are placed in the legend, where they belong. 
For instance, one line may be continuous, another com- 
posed of dots, another of dashes and a fourth starred 
at intervals. 
Paper.-The selection of paper for a chart is a 
matter of some importance. The cross-ruling's on 
ordinary chart paper, being printed in blue, will not 
"take" in reproduction. The cross-rulings, like the 21 
curves, should be in black. The cross-rulings should 
be no closer than necessary; if they are too close the 
chart will be unpleasantly gray and muddled. In view 
of the difficulty of procuring satisfactory chart paper 
in many localities, The Journal has prepared paper 
with a netted surface measuring 9 by 12 inches and 
with rulings % inch apart. This paper is furnished by 
The Journal for 2 cents a sheet (in quantities of not 
less than five sheets) or $1 a hundred sheets. 
Fig. 11.-Solid line, temperature; broken line, leukocytes; A, inocula- 
tion with 500 million homologous influenza bacilli; B, blood-culture 
negative; C, chill. 
This is the same chart shown in Figure 10, redrawn so as to 
avoid waste space. Much of the information on Figure 10 has been 
placed in the legend of Figure 11. The waste spaces at the top and 
to the right have been avoided, with the result that there is more room 
in the column width for the essentials, and the chart is more legible. 
Single letters have taken the place of the descriptions, which are placed 
in the legend. 
TRACINGS 
Blood-pressure tracings intended for reproduction 
should be made with a clear black (not gray) line on a 
white background or with a white line on a black (not 
brown or mottled) background. If they are made on 
smoked paper, care should be taken to prevent them 
from being smeared or scratched. Numerous inscrip- 
tions across the face of the tracing spoil its appearance 
and are apt to reproduce badly. It is better to put 
such data in the legends if possible. 22 
PICTURES OF PATIENTS 
Some patients object to . having their portraits 
published unless the likeness is obscured. In such 
cases, the face of the portrait may be masked by 
pasting across it a piece of paper covering enough of 
the features to obscure the likeness. 
If an author wishes to show a patient's face with 
the features undisguised, he should be careful to 
secure the patient's permission, and must state that 
he has done so. 
It is advisable to explain to the photographer in 
advance the purpose for which the picture is to be 
used, so that he may make a photograph which shows 
clearly the point of medical or surgical interest. It is 
especially important that he should understand that no 
retouching must be done which obscures the lesion, 
scar or other condition to be shown. The retouching 
which is a routine practice of the ordinary portrait 
photographer may render a photograph quite worth- 
less as a record of results. 
LEGENDS 
The author should always supply a full description 
of each picture, to be placed beneath it. Such descrip- 
tions are called legends. The legends should always 
be written on a separate sheet of paper as a part of the 
manuscript, and numbered consecutively, as Figure 1, 
Figure 2, etc., and each picture should be numbered to 
correspond with the accompanying legend. The reason 
for this is that illustrations go to the engraver; manu- 
script, including legends, to the printer. It is well to 
attach to each picture a duplicate copy of the corre- 
sponding legend for the convenience of the manuscript 
reader, the engraver and the printer. 
TABLES 
A table is a condensed form of presenting facts for 
comparison at a glance. A cumbrous, unwieldy table 
is read by few. The facts which it presents could 
generally be grasped more readily in non-tabular form. 
The proper construction of tables is a matter of 
considerable importance in articles which require 
them. The following points should be borne in mind: 
1. Each table should be provided with a descriptive 
heading. 23 
2. If there is more than one table, all should be 
numbered consecutively, Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, etc. 
3. Words or letters of the alphabet should not be 
used when Arabic numerals or mathematical signs 
can be substituted. See columns headed "Date," 
"Fehling," and "Seliwanoff" in Tables 1 and 2. 
4. Vertical (not horizontal) columns should consist 
of like data. Compare Tables 1 and 2. 
5. Condensation should be studied. Often a column 
can be condensed by putting in the heading a factor 
Date . .. 
Mar. 11 
Mar. 12 
Mar. 13 
Mar. 15 
Mar. 16 
Mar. 17 
Diet 
Ward. 
Ward. 
Ward. 
Ward. 
Ward. 
Ward. 
Glucose . . 
100 
100 
Quantity . 
1,600 gm. 
2,000 gm. 
1,800 gm. 
1,575 gm. 
Pos. 
1,675 gm. 
2,190 gm 
Fehling . . 
Pos. 
Doubtful 
No test. 
Pos. 
Pos. 
Seliwanoff 
Polariscope 
Pos. 
Pos. 
Neg. 
Strongl}' pos. 
Pos. 
Pos. 
levulose 
Polariscope 
.46 % 
.23 % 
.11 % 
.63 % 
• 23 % 
.34 % 
levulose 
7.36 gm. 
4.6 gm. 
1.98 gm. 
9.9 gm. 
3.85 gm. 
7.4 gm. 
TABLE 1* 
* This table illustrates several defects to be avoided. Compare with 
Table 2. 
TABLE 2.-EFFECT OF GLUCOSE; PATIENT ON FULL WARD 
DIET* 
Date 
Glucose 
Fehling f 
Seliwanoff f 
Polarise. 
Levu- 
lose, 
Polarise. 
Levu- 
lose, gm. 
3/11 
3/12 
3/13 
3/15 
3/16 
3/17 
100 
ioo 
1,600 
2,000 
1,800 
1,575 
1,675 
2,190 
+ 
0 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
0.46 
0.23 
0.11 
0.63 
0.23 
0.34 
7.36 
4.6 
1.98 
9.9 
3.85 
7.4 
* This is a rearrangement of Table 1, showing defects corrected. 
t In these two columns + means positive; doubtful; 0, no test; 
--, negative, and + + , strongly positive. 
common to all the entries in the column (columns 
headed "Quantity," "Polarise. Levulose" in Tables 1 
and 2). Again, a column which contains no variable 
factors may be eliminated, the constant factor being 
expressed in the headings or in a footnote, as in the 
case of the column headed "Diet," present in Table 1 
but eliminated in Table 2. 
As in the case of illustrations, the author should 
indicate where he wishes tables placed : "About here 
insert Table 2," etc. 24 
4. FOOTNOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 
BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES 
Bibliographic references are valuable solely as an 
aid to the reader in pursuing the subject further. 
They have an excuse for existence only when the 
articles cited actually illuminate the subject, when the 
references represent actual research on the part of the 
author presenting them, and when they are scrupu- 
lously exact and reasonably complete. These are 
obvious principles ; but in the haste and pressure of 
preparing papers authors sometimes overlook them. 
An author will then copy unverified and inaccurate 
references contained in other articles, or turn over to 
a stenographer, perhaps totally unfamiliar with the 
foreign languages drawn on or the English nomencla- 
ture used, the task of preparing the bibliography by 
copying the names of all who ever wrote anything 
bearing on the subject, whether valuable and pertinent 
or not. Such a mere compilation of titles; made 
mechanically and uncritically, is worse than none; it 
is sure to contain blunders which make it an abomina- 
tion to intelligent readers, a disfigurement to an other- 
wise well-prepared paper and a discredit to the author 
and the publisher. 
In bibliographic references accuracy is a prime 
essential. An incorrect reference is useless; indeed, 
it is worse than useless-it is a public nuisance, for it 
may lead trusting readers to waste hours searching 
for the wrongly cited article. Slovenly mistakes ren- 
der a pretentious bibliography absurd. Therefore, the 
first and most essential rule is scrupulous care in veri- 
fying and transcribing. The cooperation of authors, 
secretaries, typewriters, editors, proof-readers, and all 
others concerned is especially requested on this point. 
Work on footnotes should not be undertaken in times 
of fatigue or haste. Wrhile an author should always 
work up his bibliography himself, he will do well to 
get some one who has had no other connection with 
the paper to check and verify the references by look- 
ing them up from the notes given in the paper. 
Next to accuracy, the most important point is a 
serviceable completeness in each reference to lit- 
erature. Each should contain the following data, 
arranged in the order given: author's last name, 25 
initials or Christian name, title of book or article; 
then, in case of a book, there should follow: number 
of edition, place and year of publication, name of 
publishers, and, if necessary, volume and page; but, 
if it is an article, there should follow instead: name of 
periodical in which it appeared, month (day of month), 
year and page, or simply year, volume and page-the 
year should never be omitted. 
It may be felt that this is demanding a good deal. 
It is; but no one should attempt a bibliography who is 
not prepared to give it the attention it deserves. Not 
one of these details is required arbitrarily; each is 
useful in itself and as a check on error in the others. 
To one familiar with the field, the author's name is 
an indication of the value of his contribution. The 
title of the article gives the reader an opportunity to 
judge whether or not the phase of the subject dis- 
cussed is of interest to him. It is scarcely necessary 
to mention that the title of the journal in which an 
article appeared is absolutely necessary, though occa- 
sionally an author seems to forget this. 
It should be added that titles of periodicals, however 
familiar they may be to the writer, should not be 
clipped of important words or cited by any kind of 
nickname. To refer to the Comptes rendus . 
de I' Academic des Sciences, Paris as Comptes rendus 
is to confuse it hopelessly with the score and more of 
Comptes rendus published by other institutions. To 
refer to the Zeitschrift fiir allgemeine Physiologic as 
Verworn's Zeitschrift makes it difficult to find on a 
list of periodicals in which the editor's name may not 
be mentioned. Titles of foreign periodicals should not 
be translated. The year and volume number are 
important as checks on each other. 
As an experienced librarian has remarked, the page 
number should not be omitted on the ground that the 
reader can always "look it up in the index." The 
index may be missing from the volume; it may never 
have been printed; it may be set in solid print with no 
catchwords, change in type or conspicuous position of 
items; it may be in six or eight alphabetical sequences; 
it may be only a table of contents set solid; it may 
index "The use of a normal salt solution" under T. 
To save oneself a few seconds' time by omitting a page 
number or slighting some other detail when transcrib- 26 
ing a reference may seem pardonable to the stenog- 
rapher or clerk; but it appears almost criminal to one 
who considers the aggregate amount of time needlessly 
wasted by uncounted readers ever after. 
PLACING OF FOOTNOTES 
Footnotes should either be arranged in order on a 
separate sheet from the text (the preferable arrange- 
ment in most cases), or if written on the-same sheet 
with the text, should be separated from it by lines, as 
in the following example: 
Stein1 reported a case of leukemia with favorable results 
1. Stein: Wien. klin. Wchnschr., Dec. 5, 1912; abstr., Progr. Med., 
June 13, 1913, p. 328. 
from the use of benzol obtained after six weeks of treatment; 
Stern2 reported another after two months of treatment; 
2. Stern, S.: Benzol in Leukemia, Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1913, xxvi, 
No. 10; abstr., The Journal A. M. A., April 10, 1913, p. 1270. 
Billings added five others, with the suggestion of sufficient 
encouragement to prompt its further use. 
References interspersed throughout the text enclosed 
in parentheses, as in the following example, are unac- 
ceptable to the manuscript editor and to the com- 
positor : 
Originally, the hypothesis formulated by Janeway (Arch, 
f. path. Anat., 1882 xxiv, 16), and by Posen (Ztschr. f. exper. 
Path., 1883, xc, 16), was verified by Marius (Prog, med., 
Paris, 1882, vii, 62), Bernstein (Verhandl. d. deutsch. Bact. 
Gesellsch. 1893, v, 29), and Sewby (Lancet, London, Mav 3, 
1884, p. 321). 
Footnotes should never be close-spaced. 
Footnotes that refer to the article as a whole are 
starred and placed after the title. For example: 
PROBLEMS IN DIAGNOSIS* 
* Read before the Section on Nervous and Mental Diseases at the 
Fifty-Ninth Annual Session of the American Medical Association, 
Chicago, June, 1908. 
Or: 
* From the Medical Clinic of Johns Hopkins University. 
All other comments or bibliographic references on 
various matters mentioned in an article should 
ordinarily be used as individual footnotes, numbered 
consecutively through the article, with corresponding 27 
reference figures in the text. When the same ref- 
erence is used twice, instead of duplicating the note 
or using the words "loc. cit.," it is better to repeat in 
the text the reference number of the original note. 
If the subject is of sufficient importance and novelty 
to merit an exhaustive bibliography, however, the 
references may be grouped at the end. 
The second section of this pamphlet contains a list 
of periodicals, with the approved abbreviations of 
their names. 
5. PROOF 
Take out. 
Restore (when placed under words crossed out). 
Transpose. 
Insert space. 
Insert period. 
Insert comma. 
Insert hyphen. 
Insert dash. 
Insert apostrophe. 
Insert quotation marks. 
Close up. 
Use less space. 
Move farther to the left. 
Move farther to the right. 
Reset damaged type. 
Straighten. 
Make a paragraph. 
Italicize. 
Set in roman. 
Wrong font. 
Set in lower case. 
Restore an omission according to copy. 
gMake no paragraph. 
Fig. 12.-Marks used in correcting proof. 28 
Unless otherwise arranged in advance, proof of all 
articles is usually submitted before publication. In 
case an article is prepared by more than one author, 
and in absence of any instructions to the contrary, the 
proof is addressed to the one whose name has prece- 
dence at the head of the article. It is assumed that 
he will communicate with the other author, if neces- 
sary. On request, proof will be sent to any one or to 
each of the authors. The place for such request is 
beside the authors' names on page 1 of the manuscript. 
The manuscript of an article is not returned to the 
author with the proof. It has been soiled by many 
Fig. 13.-Manner of using proof-readers' marks in correcting proof. 
hands and disfigured by instructions to printers. It 
is retained for reference during the printing of the 
article. When an author has his manuscript type- 
written in the first place, he should retain a carbon 
copy for any consultation that- is necessary after the 
article is sent in for publication. The proof sent to 
an author has been carefully read and corrected 
according to the manuscript. 
CORRECTIONS ON PROOF MARGIN 
In Figure 12 are shown marks used in correcting 
proof. The manner of using these marks is illustrated 29 
in Figure 13 and the same proof after the corrections 
have been made is shown in Figure 14. 
Corrections on proof (not on manuscript) should 
be made on the margin, and lines should be 
drawn from the correction to the point in the 
text which is to be changed (Figs. 15 and 16). A light 
mark in the text may not be seen by the typesetter, as 
he does not read every line; he merely looks for the 
marks in the margin, and unless the marks are there 
the correction may not be made. 
If corrections at any particular point, however, are 
so extensive as to invite mistake by the printer, it is 
During the past few years a number of cases of 
extramammary Paget's disease have come under my 
observation. One of them, a lesion on the buttock, 
was made the subject of a report. It was cured with 
Roentgen rays, no recurrence having taken place after 
three years. 
REPORT OF CASES 
Case 1.-History.-J. F., aged 68, born in Ireland, had for 
many years been a gardener. He had a seborrheic dermatitis 
and patches of senile keratosis over the face and backs of 
the hands, together with telangiectases and pigmentations- 
a condition like that encountered in sailor's skin. The 
affection for which I was consulted had slowly progressed 
over a period of thirty years,, was located in the right buttock, 
and consisted of an irregularly rounded, non-ulcerating ulcer. 
Fig. 14.-Revised proof of matter shown in Figure 13 after it has 
been corrected. 
well to attach a typewritten slip showing the desired 
wording for the line, sentence or paragraph, as the 
case may be. 
Articles must not be rewritten after they are in 
type. It is a serious mistake to omit needed correc- 
tions or alterations that could be made on the 
manuscript, with the expectation that they can be 
made on the proof. 
LEGIBLE CORRECTIONS 
Corrections should be plainly written, as in most 
cases no further proof will be submitted to the author. 
Especially is it important that there be no possibility 30 
of misreading the handwriting in case of proper 
names, figures, technical words, etc., for which the 
context supplies no aid. 
The elimination of words or sentences should be 
indicated with the pen and not with the shears or pen- 
knife; that is, no portion of the proof should be cut 
away. Letters, punctuation marks, words or whole 
sections which the author desires taken out should be 
crossed out, and attention drawn to the correction by 
an "out" or deletion mark in the margin, or by the 
word "omit." 
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS 
Care should be taken to answer all queries in the 
proof, by crossing out the proof-reader's question- 
mark and correcting the queried portion, if it is 
Fig. 15.-This proof has been corrected as if it were manuscript. 
This is wrong. The compositor who makes the corrections is not 
supposed to read the proof, word by word, and is therefore liable to 
overlook some of the corrections made in the body of the text. 
wrong. Delays and errors may result from disregard 
of queries. It is most unsatisfactory to write "O. K." 
on the margin, for this may not answer the query; 
the proof-reader may not know whether the original 
text or the suggested change is "O. K." 
REPRINTS 
A reprint order blank, giving prices, is sent with 
proof. The one who receives the author's proof is 
The one who receives the author's proof is 
expected to order all the reprints that are desired by 
any one, unless information to the contrary is sent. 
After the article is published and the reprints (if any) 
are made, the type is melted. After this is done, 31 
reprints will cost an extra amount, since the type has 
to be reset. 
One hundred reprints is the smallest number for 
which an order is accepted-at least the charge for 
less than one hundred is the same as for one hundred. 
The reason for this is that, on small orders, nine- 
tenths of the expense is in labor, and this labor (for 
Fig. 16.-This proof has been acceptably corrected. None of these 
marks can escape the compositor's attention. 
example, preparation of type for the press, inspection 
by the proof-reader, and putting on the press) is the 
same whether one or one hundred or one thousand 
reprints are to be made. After the press starts, 
practically the only expense is that for press-work 
and paper. PART II 
LIST OF ABBREVIATED TITLES OF PERIODICALS 
The bibliographic style given here is based on that of 
the Index-Catalogue of the Surgeon-General's Library. 
Close comparison will show some slight variations 
which it is not necessary to enumerate. Bibliographic 
notes prepared in accordance with the style of the Index- 
Catalogue of the Surgeon-General's Library will be 
entirely acceptable. 
SAMPLE FOOTNOTES 
The following are examples of various styles of foot- 
notes : 
1. Looss, A. : The Anatomy and Life History of Agchylostoma 
Duodenale, Records of the Cairo School of Medicine, 1911. iv, 163. 
2. Eliot, Charles W. : Faneuil Hall Address, July 4. 1911. 
3. Robinson, G. C.. quoted by Wilson. J. C. : Medical Diagnosis. 
Ed. 3, Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott Company, 1911, p. 171. 
4. Freer, Paul C. : Philippine Jour. Sc., B; Philippine Jour. 
Trop. Med.. 1912, vii, 23. 
5. Melvin, A. D. : The Classification of Market Milk, Bull. 41. 
Hyg. Lab., U. S. P. H. S., 1908. p. 559. 
6. Hodge. C. F. : How You Can Make Your Home, Town or Citv 
Flyless, Nature and Culture, 4 West Seventh Street, Cincinnati, 
price 2 cents. 
7. Pfeiffer, Hermann : Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1903. p. 762. 
Wall, Sven : Centralbl. f. Bakteriol, 1909-1910, Part 1. xiv. 8. 
8. Poor and Steinhardt: Jour. Infect. Dis., 1913. xii. 20?: 
ibid., 1913, xiii, 203. Steinhardt and Lambert: Ibid, 1914, xiv, 87. 
9. Chauffard and Troisier : Bull, et m£m. Soc. med. d. hop. de 
Paris, 1908. Series 3, xxv, 411. 
10. In addition to the references already given, the following 
will be found of interest: 
Fenwick, W. S. : The Clinical Significance of Gastric Hyperse- 
cretion and Its Connection with Latent Disease of the Appen- 
dix, Lancet, London. 1910, 1. 706. 
Franke, M. : Ueber die Bedeutung der Funktion der peripheren 
Blutgefasse beim inkompensierten Krelslaufe und fiber die soge- 
nannte periphere Kompensation (Incompensatio et Compensatio 
Peripherica), Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1910. xxiii. 347. 
Galasescu. P.. and Urechia, C. J. : Les cellules acidophiles de 
la glande pineale. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol.. 1910, Ixviii, 623. 
11. Bergrath: Ueber Syphilis congenita in der II. Generation, 
Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph., 1910, cv. 143. 
12. Linser : Sitzung des med.-natur. Verein, Tubingen, February. 
1909, quoted by Bergrath (Footnote 11). 
13. The term "effective pressure" has been applied by Henderson 
and Barringer (Am. Jour. Physiol., 1913. xxxi, 288) to the differ- 
ence between intra-articular and intrathoracic pressures. 
14. Einthoven has discussed the mathematics of this verv fullv 
and has published in Archiv ffir die gesammte Physiologle des 
Menschen und der Thiere, 1913. cl, 275. tables for determining 
from exact measurements of a given wave the exact angle of the 
current producing it. 
15. Mitchell, S. Weir: The Medical Department in the Civil 
War, The Journal A. M. A., May 9, 1914, p. 1445. 33 
16. The Cultivation of Malarial Parasites in Vitro, editorial. 
The Journal A. M. A., Nov. 15, 1913. p. 1817. 
17. Optimism, Current Comment, The Journal A. M. A., May 
16, 1914, p. 1564. 
18. Pemberton, Ralph, and Sweet. J. E. : Experimental Notes 
on the Influence of the Adrenals over the Pancreas, Arch. Int. Med., 
September, 1912, p. 169. 
19. Blackfan, K. D. ; Nicholson, S. T., Jr., and White. T. W. : 
A Study of the Wassermann Reaction in One Hundred Infants, Am. 
Jour. Dis. Child., September, 1913, p. 162. 
20. Ravaut, M. Paul: Comment depister la syphilis nerveuse? 
Ann. de med.. 1914, No. 1, p. 49; abstr., The Journal A. M. A.. 
Feb. 28, 1914, p. 734. 
21. Adami on Medical Education, London Letter, this issue, 
p. 1977. 
22. Theobald, Max : Zur Abderhalden'schen Serodiagnostik in der 
Psychiatric, Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1913, L. 2180. 
23. Nogler, T. : Emploi des rayons X extremement peu penetrants 
en radiographic, Compt. rend. Assn, frang p. 1 avancement d. sc., 
1912, p. 869. 
Some of the points in style may be formulated as 
follows for the sake of emphasis: 
Neither italics nor quotes should be used to distin- 
guish titles of books, articles or periodicals in biblio- 
graphic references. 
The word "Vol." is not to be used. Numbers of vol- 
umes are distinguished by being put in roman lower- 
case numerals. Numbers of periodicals, if specified, are 
indicated by arabic numerals preceded by "No." Num- 
bers of pages are ordinarily indicated by arabic numer- 
als, preceded by "p.," unless a roman numeral imme- 
diately precedes, in which case the "p." may be omitted. 
Words of reference should precede their numerals. 
Thus: Ed. 2, Bull. 23, Series 13. Not: 2d Ed., 23 
Bull., 13th Series. 
Foreign words of reference, such as Seite (page). 
Theil (part) should be translated. 
LISTS OF REFERENCES 
Following is a list of full and abbreviated titles of 
the more common periodicals. It should be noted 
that, in some instances, there are two or more period- 
icals with the same title. Care should be taken to dis- 
tinguish between such journals by giving the place of 
publication of each one cited. The name of the place 
of publication, when it accompanies the abbreviated 
title in the following list, is meant to call attention to 
the fact that another journal of the same name exists. 34 
Aerztl. Ber. d. k. k. allg. 
Krankenh. zu Wien.......Aerztliche Berichte des kais.-koniglichen 
allgemeinen Krankenhauses zu Wien. 
Aerztl. Cor.-Bl. f. Bohmen. . . . Aerztliches Correspondenzblatt fiir Bohmen, 
Prague. 
Aerztl. A ereinsbl. f. Deutschl. .Aerztliches Vereinsblatt fiir Deutschland. 
Dresden. 
Alabama Med. Jour Alabama Medical Journal, Birmingham. 
Albany Med. Ann Albany Medical Annals. 
Alger m6d Alger medical, Algiers. 
Alienist and Neurol Alienist and Neurologist, St. Louis. 
Allg. med. Centr.-Ztg Allgemeine medicinische CentraLZeitung, 
Berlin. 
Allg. W ien. med. Ztg Allgemeiner Wiener medizinische Zeitung, 
Vienna. 
Allg. Ztg. f. Chir Allgemeine Zeitung fiir Chirurgie, innere 
Heilkunde und ihre Iliilfswissen- 
schaften, Augsburg. 
Allg. Ztg. f. Mil.-Aerzte Allgemeine Zeitung fiir Milltalr-Aerzte, 
Brunswick. 
Allg. Ztschr. f. Psychiat Allgemeine Zeitschrift fiir Psychiatric und 
psychlschgerichtliche Medicin, Berlin. 
Am. Chern. Jour American Chemical Journal, Baltimore. 
Am. Druggist American Druggist, New York. 
Am. Jour. Anat American Journal of Anatomy, Philadelphia. 
Am. Jour. Clin. Med American Journal of Clinical Medicine, Chi- 
cago. 
Am. Jour. Dis. Child American Journal of Diseases of Children, 
Chicago. 
Am. Jour. Dis. Child, (abbre- 
viation used in its own 
footnotes for) American Journal of Diseases of Children, 
Chicago. 
Am. Jour. Insan American Journal of Insanity, Utica, N. Y. 
Am. Jour. Med. Sc American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 
Philadelphia. 
Am. Jour. Nursing American Journal of Nursing, Philadelphia. 
Am. Jour. Obst American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases 
of Women and Children, New York. 
Am. Jour. Ophth., St. Louis. .. American Journal of Ophthalmology, St. 
Louis. 
Am. Jour. Orthop. Surg American Journal of Orthopedic Surgery, 
Philadelphia. 
Am. Jour. Pharm American Journal of Pharmacy, Philadel- 
phia. 
Am. Jour. Physiol American Journal of Physiology, Boston. 
Am. Jour. Pub. Health American Journal of Public Health, New 
York. 
Am. Jour. Roentgenol American Journal of Roentgenology, Detroit. 
Am. Jour. Surg American Journal of Surgery, New York. 
Am. Jour. Trop. Dis. and Prev. 
Med American Journal of Tropical Diseases and 
Preventive Medicine. New Orleans. 
Am. Jour. Urol American Journal of Urology, New York. 
Am. Med American Medicine, Philadelphia. 
Am. Quart. Roentgenol American Quarterly of Roentgenology, Pitts- 
burgh. 35 
An. de cien. med Anales de ciencias m^dicas, Madrid. 
An. de oftal., Mexico Anales de oftalmologia, Mexico. 
An. r. Acad, de med Anales de la real Academia de medicina, 
Madrid. 
An. Soc. ginec. espan Anales de la Sociedad ginecologica espauola, 
Madrid. 
Anat. Anz . . • Anatomischer Anzeiger, Jena. 
Anat. Rec Anatomical Record, Philadelphia. 
Ann. clin. de Montpellier Annales cliniques de Montpellier. 
Ann. d. Chern Annalen der Chemie (Liebig's), Leipsic. 
Ann. d. Geburtsh Annalen der Geburtshiilfe iiberhaupt und der 
Entbindungsanstalt zu Marburg insbe- 
sondere, Leipsic and Mannheim. 
Ann. de dermat. et de syph. . - Annales de dermatologie et de syphiligraphie, 
Paris. 
Ann. de gyn§c. et d obst Annales de prynficologie et d'obstStrique, 
Paris. 
Ann. d hyg. pub Annales d'hygi&ne publique et de mgdecine 
ISgale, Paris. 
Ann. d' ig. sper Annall d' iglene sperim^ntale, Rome. 
Ann. d. 1st. Maragliano p. la 
cura d. tuberc •••••Annall dell' Istltuto Maragliano per lo 
studio e la cura della tubercolosl e di 
altri malattie infettive, Genoa. 
Ann. d. mal. d. org. genito- 
urin.: See Jour, d' urol. 
med. et chir. 
Ann d. mal. de la peau Annales des maladies de la peau et de la 
syphilis, Paris. 
Ann. f. d. ges. Heilk Annalen fur die gesammte Heilkunde, Karls- 
ruhe. 
Ann. Gynec. and Pediat Annals of Gynecoloay and Pediatry, Phila- 
delphia and Boston. 
Ann. Ophtb • Annals of Ophthalmology, St. Louis. 
Ann. de I'Inst. Pasteur Annales de 1'Institut Pasteur, Paris. 
Ann. de med. et chir. inf Annales de m^decine et chirurgie Infantiles, 
Paris. 
Ann. d'ocul., Brussels Annales d'oculistique, Brussels. 
Ann. di ottal., Pavia Annall di o'ttalmologia, Pavia. 
Ann. Surg Annals of Surgery, Philadelphia. 
Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasit. . Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasi- 
tology, Liverpool. 
Apoth.-Ztg Apotheker-Zeitung, Berlin. 
Arb. a. d. k. Gsndhtsamte Arbeiten aus dem kaiserlichen Gesundheit- 
samte, Berlin. 
Arch. f. Anat., Physiol, u. wis- 
sensch. Med Archiv ftir Anatomie. Physiologic und wls- 
senschaftliche Medicin. Leipsic. 
Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol Archiv fiir Anatomie und Physiologic, 
Leipsic. 
Arch. f. Augenh Archiv fiir Augenheilkunde (Knapp's), 
Wiesbaden. 
Arch, brasil. de psychiat Archives brasileiros de psychiatria, neuro- 
logia e sciencias afines, Rio de Janeiro. 
Arch. clin. ital Archivio clinico italiano, Rome. 
Arch. Dermat Archives of Dermatology, New York and 
Philadelphia. 36 
Arch. f. Dermat. u. Syph Archiv fiir Dermatologic and Syphilis, 
Vienna. 
Arch. f. Entwcklngsmechn. d. 
Organ Archiv fiir Entwickelungsmechanik der Or- 
ganismen, Leipsic. 
Arch. f. exper. Path. u. Phar- 
makoi Archiv fiir experimentelle Pathologie und 
Pharmakologie, Leipsic. 
Arch. Diagnosis Archives of Diagnosis, New York. 
Arch. gen. de chir Archives generates de chirurgie, Paris. 
Arch. gen. de med . Archives generates de medecine. Paris. 
Arch. f. d. ges. Physiol Archiv fiir die gesammte Physiologie des 
Menschen und der Thiere (PHuger's), 
Bonn. 
Arch. f. Gynak Archiv fiir Gynakologie, Berlin. 
Arch. f. Hyg Archiv fiir Hygiene, Munich and Leipsic. 
Arch. Int. Med Archives of Internal Medicine. 
The Archives Int. Med. (ab- 
breviation used in foot- 
notes of Archives for) .. - Archives of Internal Medicine. 
Arch, internat. de chir Archives Internationales de chirurgie. Ghent. 
Arch, internat. de laryng. •••Archives internationales de laryngologie, de 
rhinologie et d'otologie, Paris. 
Arch, internat. de pharmacod. Archives internationales de pharmacody- 
namle, Ghent and Paris. 
Arch, internat. de physiol Archives internationales de physiologle, 
Liege and Paris. 
Arch, internaz. di med. e chir.Archivio internazionale dl medicina e chi- 
rurgia, Naples. 
Arch. f. Kinderh Archiv fiir Kinderheilkunde, Stuttgart. 
Arch. f. klin. Chir Archiv fiir klinlsche Chirurgie (Langen- 
beck's), Berlin. 
Arch. f. Laryngol. u. Rhinol. ..Archiv fiir Laryngologie und Rhinologie, 
Berlin. 
Arch. d. mal. de l'app. digestif. Archives des maladies de l'appareil digestif 
et de la nutrition, Paris. 
Arch. d. mal. du coeur Archives des maladies du coeur, des vais- 
seaux et du sang, Paris. 
Arch, de med. d. enfants Archives de medecine des enfants. Paris. 
Arch, de m6d. exper. et d'anat. 
path Archives de medecine experimental et 
d'anatomie pathologique, Paris. 
Arch. med. de Toulouse Archives medicales de Toulouse. 
Arch. mens, d'obst. et de gyndc, 
Paris Archives mensuelles d'obstetrlque et de 
gynecologic, Paris, formerly Obstetrique. 
Arch, de neurol Archives de neurologic, Paris. 
Arch, de oftal. hispano-am. . . Archives de oftalmologia hlspano-amerl- 
canos, Madrid. 
Arch. f. Ohrenh Archiv fiir Ohrenheilkunde, Leipsic. 
Arch. Ophth Archives of Ophthalmology, New York. 
Arch. f. Ophth Archiv fiir Ophthalmologic (Graefe's), 
Leipsic. 
Arch. Otol Archives of Otology. New York. 
Arch. Pediat Archives of Pediatrics, New York. 
Arch. d. Pharm Archiv der Pharmazie, Berlin. 37 
Arch, de physiol, norm, et path.Archives de physiologie normale et path- 
ologique, Paris. 
Arch. f. Physiol Archiv fiir Physiologie, Leipsic. 
Arch. f. Psychiat Archiv fiir Psychiatrie und Nervenkrank- 
helten, Berlin. 
Arch. Roentg. Ray Archives of the Roentgen Ray, London. 
Arch. p. Ie sc. med Archivio per le scienze mediche, Turin. 
Arch. f. Schiffs- u. Tropen-Hyg. Archiv fiir Schiffs und Tropen-Hygicne. 
unter besonderer Beriicksichtigung der 
Patholog'ie und Therapie, Cassel. 
Arch. f. Verdauungskr Archiv fiir Verdauungs-Krankheiten, Berlin. 
Arizona Med. Jour. . .• Arizona Medical Journal, Phoenix. 
Army and Navy Jour Army and Navy Journal. 
Atlanta Jour.-Rec. Med Atlanta Journal-Record of Medicine. 
Australasian Med. Gaz Australasian Medical Gazette, Sydney. 
Balneol. Centralztg ,. Balneologische Centralzeitung, Berlin. 
Beitr. z. chem. Phys. u. Path.Beitriige zur chemischen Physiologie und 
Pathologie (Hotmeister's). Brunswick. 
Beitr. z. exper. Therap Beitriige zur experimentellen Therapie, Ber- 
lin. 
Beitr. z. Geburtsh. u. Gyniik., 
Berlin Beitriige zur Geburtshiilfe und Gynakologie, 
Berlin. 
Beitr. z. klin. Chir Beitriige zur klinischen Chirdrgie (Bruns'). 
TUbingen. 
Beitr. Z. Klin. d. Tuberk Beitriige zur Klinik der Tuberkulose 
• (Brauer's), Wurzburg. 
Beitr. z. path. Anat. u. z. allg. 
Path Beltrage zur pathologischen Anatomie und 
zur allgemeinen Pathologic, Jena. 
Ber. d. deutsch. chem. Gesellsch.Berlchte der deutschen chemischen Gesell- 
schaft, Berlin. 
Ber.'d. deutsch. pharm. Gesellsch.Berlchte der deutschen pharmaceutischen 
Gesellschaft, Berlin. 
Ber. d. Gsndhtsrath. in Zurich.Berichte des Gesundheitsrathes an die hohe 
Regierung in Zurich. 
Berl. Klin , Berliner Klinik. 
Berl. klin. Wchnschr Berliner kllnische Wochenschrift. 
Bibliot. d. ges. med. Wissensch.Bibliothek der gesammten medicinischen 
Wissenschaften, Vienna and Leipsic. 
Bibliot. f. Larger Bibliothek for Laeger, Copenhagen. 
Biochem. Ztschr Biochemische Zeitschrift, Berlin. 
Bl. f. Gsndhtspflg Blatter fiir Gesundheitspflege, ZUrich. 
Bol. d. Cons. sup. de salub., 
Mexico Boletin del Consejo superior de salubridad, 
Mexico. 
Bol. d. Inst, patol Boletin del Instituto patologico, Mexico. 
Bol. de med. y cirug., Madrid. . .. Boletin de medicina y cirugia, Madrid. 
Boston Med. and Surg. Jour, -Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. 
Brain, London Brain : A Journal of Neurology, London. 
Brauer's Beitriige: See Beitr. z. 
Klin. d. Tuberk. 
Brazil-med Brazil-medico, Rio de Janeiro. 
Bristol Med.-Chir. Jour Bristol Medico-Chirurgical Journal. 
Brit, and Colon. Druggist. ... British and Colonial Druggist. London. 38 
Brit. Jour. Child. Dis British Journal of Children's Diseases, Lon- 
don. 
Brit. Jour. Surg British Journal of Surgery, Bristol. 
Brit. Med. Jour British Medical Journal, London. 
Bruns' Beitriige: See Beitr. z. 
klin. Chir. 
Buffalo Med. Jour Buffalo Medical Journal. 
Bull, de l'Acad. de med., Paris. Bulletin de l'Academie de medecine Paris. 
Bull, de l'Acad. roy. de Bel- 
gique Bulletin de l'Academie royale des sciences, 
• des lettres. et des beaux-arts de Bel- 
gique, Brussels. 
Bull. Am. Acad. Med Bulletin of the American Academy of Medi- 
cine, Easton, Pa. 
Bull. g§n. de therap Bulletin general de thSrapeutique mSdicale 
et chirurgicale, Paris. 
Bull. Hyg. Lab., U. S. P. H. S. . Bulletin Hygienic Laboratory, U. S. Public 
Health Service. 
Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. ...Bulletin of Johns Hopkins Hospital, Balti- 
more. 
Bull. Lying-in Hosp Bulletin of the Lying-in Hospital of the City 
of New York. 
Bull. Manila Med. Soc Bulletin of the Manila Medical Society, 
Manila. 
Bull. Med. and Chir. Faculty 
Maryland Bulletin of the Medical and Chirurgical Fac- 
ulty of Maryland. Baltimore. 
Bull. med. de Quebec Bulletin medical de Quebec. 
Bull, med., Paris Bulletin medical, Paris. 
Bull, et mem. Soc. anat. de 
Paris Bulletin et m^moires de la Society anatom- 
, ique de Paris. 
Bull, et mem. Soc. radiol. m£d. 
de France Bulletins et mdmoires de la Society de 
radiologie medicale de France, Paris. 
Bull, et mdm. Soc.. de chir. de 
Paris Bulletin et memoires de la Society de 
chirurgie de Paris. 
Bull, et m€m. Soc. med. d. hop. 
de Paris Bulletins et memoires de la Soci6t6 medicale 
des hOpitaux de Paris. 
Bull. off. Soc. franc, d'filectro- 
ther. et de radiol Bulletin ofBciel de la Society franqaise 
d'Mectrothgrapie et de radiologie, Paris. 
Bull. Soc. anat. de Paris Bulletin de la Soci6t6 anatomique de Paris. 
Bull. Soc. beige de gynec. et 
d'obst Bulletin de la Soci6t6 beige de gyngcoltfgie 
et d'obstStrique, Brussels. 
Bull. Soc. de path, exot Bulletin de la Soci6t6 de pathologie exotique, 
Paris 
Bull. Soc. d. sc. d'Alger Bulletin de la Society des sciences physiques, 
naturelies et climatologiques d'Alger, 
Bull. Soc. de pediat. de Paris. - Bulletin de la Soci6t6 de pSdiatrie de Paris. 
Bull. Soc. de pharm. de Paris. . Bulletin de la SochStS de pharmacie de Paris. 
Bull. Soc. franc, de dermat. et 
de syph Bulletin de la Socigte francaise de dermatoL 
ogie et de syphiligraphie, Paris. 
Bull. d. trav. Soc. de pharm. de 
Bordeaux Bulletin des travaux de la Society de phar- 
macie de Bordeaux. 39 
Caducfie Caducfie: Journal de chirurgie et de m§de- 
cine d'armge, Paris. 
Calcutta Med. Jour Calcutta Medical Journal. 
California Med. and Surg. Re- 
porter California Medical and Surgical Reporter, 
Los Angeles. 
California State Jour. Med. ..California State Journal of Medicine, San 
Francisco. 
Canad. Med. Assn. Jour Canadian Medical Association Journal, 
Toronto. 
Centralbl.: See also Zentralbl. 
Centralbl. f. allg. Path. u. path. 
Anat Centralblatt fur allgemeine Pathologic und 
pathologische Anatomie, Jena. 
Centralbl. f. Bakteriol Centralblatt fiir Bakteriologle, Paraslten- 
kunde und Infectionskrankheiten, Jena. 
Centralbl. f. d. Grenzgeb. d. 
Med. u. Chir Centralblatt fiir die Grenzgebiete der Medi- 
zin und Chirurgie, Jena. 
Centralbl. f. d. Krankh. d. 
Harn- u. Sex.-Org Centralblatt fiir die Krankheiten der Harn- 
und Sexual-Organe, Leipsic. 
Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch.Centralblatt fiir die medicinischen Wissen- 
schaften, Berlin. 
Centralbl. f. Nervenh. u. 
Psychiat Centralblatt fiir Nervenheilkunde und Psy- 
chiatric, Coblenz and Leipsic. 
Centralbl. f. Stoffwechsel. u. 
Verdauungskr Centralblatt fiir Stoffwechsel- und Ver- 
dauungs-Krankheiten, Gottingen. 
Charity Ann CharitS-Annalen, Berlin. 
Charlotte Med. Jour Charlotte Medical Journal. 
Chern. Abstr Chemical Abstracts (published by the Ameri- 
can Chemical Society), Easton, Pa. 
Chern. News . Chemical News, London. 
Chern. Zentralbl Chemisches Zentralblatt, Leipsic. 
Chern.-Ztg Chemiker-Zeitung, Cbthen. 
Chicago Med. Recorder Chicago Medical Recorder. 
China Med. Jour China Medical Journal, Shanghai. 
Cleveland Med. and Surg. Re- 
porter Cleveland Medical and Surgical Reporter. 
Cleveland Med. Jour Cleveland Medical Journal. 
Clin, chir., Milan Clinica chirurgica, Milan. 
Clin. Jour Clinical Journal, London. 
Clin, mod Clinica moderna, Florence. 
Clin, ostet Clinica ostetrica, Rome. 
Colorado Med Colorado Medicine, Denver. 
Colorado Med. Jour Colorado Medical Journal, Denver. 
Columbus Med. Jour Columbus Medical Journal. 
Compt. rend. Acad. d. sc Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des stances 
de l'Academie des sciences, Paris. 
' Compt. rend. Acad. roy. de 
med. de Belg Compte-rendu des travaux de i'Acadfimle 
royale de m^decine de Belgique, Brussels. 
Compt. rend. Soc. de biol Comptes rendus des stances et mgmoires de 
la Soci6t6 de biologie, Paris. 40 
Cor.-Bl. f. schweiz. Aerzte . . .-Correspondenz-Blatt fiir schweizer Aerzte, 
Basel. 
Critic and Guide Critic and Guide, New York. 
Cron, med., Lima Cr6nica mgdica, Lima. 
Cron. med. mexicana Crdnica mMica mgxicana. 
Daily Cons, and Trade Rep. . . Daily Consular and Trade Reports, Bureau 
of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, De- 
partment of Commerce, Washington, 
D. C. 
Delaware State Med. Jour. . . . Delaware State Medical Journal, Wilming- 
ton, Del. 
Dental Cosmos Dental Cosmos, Philadelphia. 
Dental Digest ....Dental Digest, Chicago. 
Dental Rev Dental Review, Chicago. 
Denver Med. Times and Utah 
Med. Jour Denver Medical Times and Utah Medical 
Journal. 
Dermat. Ztschr Dermatologische Zeitschrift, Berlin. 
Detroit Med. Jour Detroit Medical Journal. 
Deutsch. Arch. f. klin. Med. ..Deutsches Archiv fur klinische Medicin, 
Leipsic. 
Deutsch. Klin Deutsche Klinik, Berlin and Vienna. 
Deutsch, med. Wchnschr Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift, Leip- 
sic and Berlin. 
Deutsch. Ztschr. f. Chir Deutsche Zeitschrift fiir Chlrurgle, Leipsic. 
Deutsch. Ztschr. f. Nervenh. ..Deutsche Zeitschrift fiir Nervenheilkunde, 
Leipsic. 
Dietet. and Hyg. Gaz Dietetic and Hygienic Gazette, New York. 
Dominion Med. Month Dominion Medical Monthly, Toronto. 
Drug. Circ Druggists Circular, New York. 
Dublin Jour. Med. Sc Dublin Journal of Medical Science. 
Echo med. du nord Echo medical du nord, Lille. 
Eclect. Med. Jour., Cincinnati. Eclectic Medical Journal, Cincinnati. 
Eclect. Rev Eclectic Review, New York. 
Edinburgh Med. Jour Edinburgh Medical Journal. 
Epilepsia Epilepsia, Hamburg. 
Folia haemat Folia haematologica. Internationales Zen- 
tralorg'an fiir Blut- und Serumfor- 
schung, Berlin. 
Folia serol Folia serologica. II (serologlscher) Tell der 
Internationalen Zentralorgan fiir Bhit- 
und Serumforschung. Leipsic. 
Folio urol Folia urologica. Internationales Archiv fiir 
die Krankheiten der Harnorgane, Leip- 
sic. 
Fbrh. Svens. Liik.-Silllsk. Sam- 
mank Fbrhandlingar vid Svenska Liikare-Salls- 
kapets Sammankomster. Stockholm. 
Fort Wayne Med. Jour.-Mag. .Fort Wayne Medical Journal-Magazine. 
Fortschr. a. d. Geb. d. Rbntgen- 
strahlen Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Riintgen- 
strahlen, Hamburg. 
Fortschr. d. Med Fortschritte der Medicin, Berlin. 
Gac. med., Mexico Gaceta m^dica, Mexico. 41 
Gaz. hebd. d. sc. med. de Bor- 
deaux Gazette hebdomadaire des sciences mgdi- 
cales de Bordeaux. 
Gaz. hebd. de med Gazette hebdomadaire de mSdecine et de 
chirurgie, Paris. 
Gaz. d. hop Gazette des hopitaux civils et militalres (La 
Lancette francaise), Paris. 
Gaz. lek Gazeta lekarska, Warsaw. 
Gaz. d. mal. infant Gazette des maladies infantiles . . . Paris. 
Gaz. med. beige Gagette mC-dicale beige, Liege. 
Gaz. med. da Bahia Gazeta medica da Bahia. 
Gaz. m6d. de Paris Gazette m6dicale de Paris. 
Gazz. d. osp Gazzetta degH ospedali e delle clinlche, 
Milan. 
Gazz. med Gazzetta medica (Medical Gazette), New 
York. 
Gazz. med. di Torino Gazzetta medica di Torino. 
Gazz. med. ital ' Gazzetta medica italiana, Turin. 
Geneesk. Tijdschr Geneeskundig Tijdschrift, Rotterdam. 
Ginecologia Glnecologia, Florence. 
Gior. d. r. Accad. di med. di 
Torino Giornale delia reale Accademia di medicina 
di Torino. 
Gior. ital. d. mal. ven Giornale Italiano delle malattie venere e 
delle malattie della pelle, Milan. 
Glasgow Med. Jour Glasgow Medical Journal. 
Good Health Good Health, Battle Creek, Mich. 
Graefe's Archiv: See Arch. f. 
Ophth. 
Grdce med. . . Gr6ce medicale, Athens, Greece. French sec- 
. tlon of latrike Pr6odos. 
Guy's Hosp. Gaz Guy's Hospital Gazette : a Student's Journal 
of Hospital News, Medicine and Sur- 
gery, London. 
Guy's Hosp. Rep Guy's Hospital Reports, London. 
Gynaekol. Helvet Gynakologia Helvetica, Geneva. 
Gyniik. Rundschau Gynakologische Rundschau, Berlin and 
Vienna. 
Gy6gy4szat Gy6gyaszat, Budapest. 
GyGgyszereszi hetil Gyogyszergszi hetilap, Budapest. 
Heart, London Heart: A Journal for the Study of the Cir- 
culation, London. 
Hildebrand's Jahresbericht: See 
Jahresb. ii. d. Fortschr. u. 
d. Geb. d. Chir. 
Hofmeister's Beitrage: See 
Beitr. z. chem. Physiol, u. 
Path. 
Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift: See 
Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem. 
Hospitalstidende Hospitalstidende, Copenhagen. 
Hot Springs Med. Jour Hot Springs Medical Journal. 
Hufeland's Journal: See Jour, 
d. pract. Arznk. u. 
Wundarznk. 42 
Hygea Hygea, Carlsruhe. 
Hygiene Hygiene, London. 
Hygiea, Stockholm Hygiea, Stockholm. 
Hyg. Bl Hygienische Blatter, Berlin. 
Hyg. gen. et appliq Hygiene generale et appliquee, Paris. 
Hyg. mod Hygiene moderne, Paris. 
Hyg. Rundschau Hygienische Rundschau, Berlin. 
latrike proodos latrike proodos, Athens, Greece; see Grece 
Medicale. 
Illinois Med Jour Illinois Medical Journal. 
Indian Med. Gaz Indian Medical Gazette, Calcutta. 
Indian Med. Rec Indian Medical Record, Calcutta. 
Indiana Med. Jour., Indianapolis Indiana Medical Journal, Indianapolis. 
Intercolonial Med. Jour. Aus- 
tralasia Intercolonial Medical Journal of Australasia, 
Melbourne. 
Internal. Centralbl. f. d. ges. 
Tuberk.-Forsch Internationales Centralblatt fur die gesamte 
Tuberkulose-Forschung, Wfirzburg. 
Internal. Clin International Clinics, Philadelphia. 
Internal. Dent. Jour International Dental Journal, New York and 
Philadelphia. 
Internal. Jour. Surg International Journal of Surgery, New 
York. 
Interstate Med. Jour Interstate Medical Journal, St. Louis. 
Iowa Med. Jour Iowa Medical Journal. 
Italia san Italia sanitaria, Milan. 
Jahrb. d. prakt. Med Jahrbuch der praktischen Medizin, Berlin. 
Jahrb. f. Kinderh Jahrbuch fiir Kinderheilkunde und physlsche 
Erziehung, Vienna and Leipsic. 
Jahresb. ii. d. Fortschr. d. 
Thierchem Jahresbericht fiber die Fortschritte der 
Thierchemie (Maly's) Wiesbaden. 
Jahresb. ii. d. Fortschr. a. d. 
Geb. d. Chir lahresbericht fiber die Fortschritte auf dem 
Gebiete der Chirurgie, Wiesbaden. 
Jahresb. d. schles. Gesellsch. f. 
vaterl. Kult Jahresbericht der schlesischen Gesellschaft 
fiir vaterlandlsche Kultur, Breslau. 
Jahresb. ii. d. Ergebn. d. Im- 
munitatsforschung Jahresbericht fiber die Ergebnisse der Im- 
munitatsforschung, Stuttgart. 
Jahresb. ii. d. Fortschr. d. ges. 
Med Jahresbericht fiber die Fortschritte der 
gesammten Medicin, Erlangen. 
Jahresb. ii. d. Leistung. in d. 
ges. Med Jahresbericht fiber die Leistungen und 
Fortschritte in der gesamten Medizin, 
Berlin. 
Janus, Leyden Janus, formerly Harlem, now Leyden. 
Jour. Abnorm. Psychol Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Boston. 
Jour. Advanc. Therap Journal of Advanced Therapeutics, New 
York. 
Jour. Am. Chern. Soc Journal of the American Chemical Society, 
Easton, Pa. 43 
Jour. Am. Med. Assn Journal of the American Medical Associa- 
tion. 
The Journal A. M. A. (ab- 
breviations used in foot- 
notes of Journal for) Journal of the American Medical Association 
Jour Am. Pharm. Assn Journal of the American Pharmaceutical 
Association, Columbus, Ohio. 
Jour. Am. Pub. Health Assn. . Journal of the American Public Health 
Association, Columbus, Ohio. 
Jour. Am. Soo. for Psych. Re- 
search Journal o'f the American Society for Psy- 
chical Research, New York. 
Jour. Anat, and Physiol Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, Lon- 
don. 
Jour, de l'anat. et de la physiol.journal de 1'anatomie et de la physiologie 
normales et pathologiques de 1'homme 
et des animaux, Paris. 
Jour. Arkansas Med. Soc Journal of the Arkansas Medical Society, 
Little Rock. 
Jour. Biol. Chern Journal of Biological Chemistry, New York. 
Jour. Boston Soc. Med. Sc. ..Journal of the Boston Society of Medical 
Sciences. 
Jour. Chern. Soc. London Journal of the Chemical Society of London, 
London. 
Jour, de chir Journal de chirurgie, Paris. 
Jour. d. Chir. u. Augenh Journal der Chirurgie und Augenheilkunde, 
Berlin. 
Jour. Comp. Path, and Therap.journal of Comparative Pathology and 
Therapy, Edinburgh and London. 
Jour. Cutan. Dis Journal of Cutaneous Diseases, New York. 
Jour. Exper. Med Journal of Experimental Medicine, New 
York. 
Jour. Eye, Ear and Throat Dis.journal of Eye, Ear and Throat Diseases, 
Baltimore. 
Jour. Hyg., London .' Journal of Hygiene, London. 
Jour. Indiana Med. Assn Journal of the Indiana State Medical Asso- 
ciation, Fort Wayne, Ind. 
Jour. Inebr Journal of Inebriety, Boston. 
Jour. Indust, and Engin. Chem. journal of Industrial and Engineering 
Chemistry, Easton, Pa. 
Jour. Infect. Dis Journal of Infectious Diseases, Chicago. 
Jour. Iowa State Med. Soc. ..Journal of the Iowa State Medical Society, 
Washington, Iowa. 
Journal-Lancet Journal-Lancet, Minneapolis. 
Jour. Kansas Med. Soc Journal of the Kansas Medical Society, 
Columbus. 
Jour. f. Kinderkr Journal fur Kinderkrankheiten, Berlin and 
Erlangen. 
Jour. Laryngol., Rhinol. and 
Otol Journal of Laryngology, Rhinology and 
Otology, London. 
Jour. Maine Med. Assn Journal of the Maine Medical Association, 
Portland, Maine. 
Jour. Med. Assn. Georgia Journal of the Medical Association of 
• Georgia, Augusta. 
Jour, de m6d. de Bordeaux. .. .Journal de mfideclne de Bordeaux. 
Jour, de m£d., de chir. et de 
pharmacol Journal de mtidecine, de chirurgie et de 
pharmacologie, Brussels. 44 
Jour, de m€d. et de chir. prat.journal de m^decine et de chirurgie 
pratiques, Paris. 
Jour, de med. de Paris Journal de mfidecine de Paris. 
Jour. Med. Research Journal of Medical Research, Boston. 
Jour. Med. Soc. New Jersey... journal of the Medical Societj7 of New 
Jersey, Orange. 
Jour. Ment. Path Journal of Mental Pathology, New York. 
Jour. Michigan Med. Soc Journal of the Michigan State Medical So- 
ciety, Detroit. 
Jour. Minnesota Med. Assn. .Journal of the Minnesota State Medical 
Association, and Northwestern Lancet, 
Minneapolis. 
Jour. Missouri Med. Assn. ...Journal of the Missouri State Medical Asso 
ciation; St. Louis. 
Jour. Nerv. and Ment. Dis. ...journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 
New York. 
Jour, de neurol. et d'hypnol. . .journal de neurologie et d'hypnologie. Paris. 
Jour. New Mexico Med. Soc. ..journal of the New Mexico Medical. So 
ciety, Albuquerque. 
Jour. Obst. and Gynec. Brit. 
Enip Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the 
British Empire, London. 
Jour. Oklahoma State Med 
Assn Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical 
Association, Muskogee. 
Jour. Ophth. and Oto-Laryngol.jOUrnal of Ophthalmology and Oto-Laryn- 
gology, Chicago. 
Jour. Outdoor Life Journal of the Outdoor Life, Trudeau, N. Y. 
Jour. Path, and Bacteriol. ...Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 
Edinburgh and London. 
Jour, de pharm. et de chim... Journal de pharmacle et de chimie, Taris. 
Jour. Pharmacol, and Exper. 
Therap Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental 
Therapeutics, Baltimore. 
Jour. Physiol Journal of Physiology, London and Cam- 
bridge. 
Jour, de physiol, expgr Journal de physiologic expgrimentale et 
pathologique, Paris. 
Jour. d. pract. Arznk. u. 
Wundarznk \ . . . Journal der practischen Arzneykunde und 
Wundarzneykunst (Hufeland's), Jena 
and Berlin. 
Jour, de psychol. norm, et path.journal de psychologic normale et path- 
ologique, Paris. 
Jour. Roy. Army Med. Corps, 
London Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 
London. 
Jour. d. sc. m6d. de Lille Journal des sciences mgdlcales de Lille. 
Jour. S. Carolina Med. Assn... .journal of the South Carolina Medical Asso 
elation, Greenville. 
Jour. State Med Journal of State Medicine. London. 
Jour. Surg., Gynec. and Obst., 
New York Journal of Surgery, Gynecology and Obstet- 
rics, New York. 
Jour. Tennessee State Med. 
Assn -Journal of the Tennessee State Medical 
Association. Charleston. S. C. 
Jour. Trop. Med Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 
London. 45 
Jour, d'urol. m£d et chir Journal d'urologie medicale et chirurgicale, 
Paris: formerly Annales des maladies 
des organes genito-urinaires. 
Kansas City Med. Index-Lancet.Kansas City Medical Index-Lancet. 
Kansas City Med. Rec Kansas City Medical Record. 
Kentucky Med. Jour Kentucky Medical Journal, Bowling Green. 
Klin. Beitr. z. Gyniik Klinische Beitrilge zur Gynakologie, Breslau. 
Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augenh. ...Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheil- 
kunde, Stuttgart. 
Klin.-therap. Wchnschr Klinisch-therapeutische Wochenschrlft, Vi- 
enna. 
Knapp's Archiv: See Arch. f. 
Augenh. 
Lancet, London Lancet, London. 
Lancet-Clinic Lancet-Clinic, Cincinnati. 
Langenbeck's Archiv: See 
Arch. f. klin. Chir. 
Laryngoscope Laryngoscope, St. Louis. 
Lancette franchise; gazette des 
hopitaux civils et mili- 
taires: See Gaz. d. hop. 
Liebig's Annalen: See Anu. d. 
Chem. ' 
Leucocyte Leucocyte, Detroit. 
Long Island Med. Jour Long Island Medical Journal, Brooklyn. 
Louisville Month. Jour. Med. 
and Surg Louisville Monthly Journal of Medicine and 
Surgery. 
Lyon chir Lyon chirurgical. 
Lyon med Lyon medical. 
Maly's Jahresbericht: See 
Jahresb. ii. d. Fortschr. d. 
Thierchem. 
Maryland Med. Jour Maryland Medical Journal, Baltimore. 
Massachusetts Med. Jour Massachusetts Medical Journal, Boston. 
Med. Advance .. . .■ Medical Advance, Batavia, Illinois. 
Med. Brief Medical Brief, St. Louis. 
Med. Bull Medical Bulletin, Philadelphia. 
Med. Chron Medical Chronicle, Manchester, England. 
Med. Council Medical Council, Philadelphia. 
Med. Era, St. Louis Now combined with St. Louis Medical 
Review under the title of Medical 
Review, St. Louis. 
Med. Exam, and Pract Medical Examiner and Practitioner, New 
York. 
Med. Fortnightly Medical Fortnightly, St. Louis. 
Med. Herald Medical Herald, St. Joseph. 
Med. Klin Medizinische Klinik, Berlin. 
Med. Libr. and Hist. Jour. ...Medical Library and Historical journal, 
Brooklyn. 
Med. mod M^decine moderne, Paris. 
Med. Monatschr. .. Medicinische Monatsschrift, New York. 46 
Med. News, London Medical News, London. 
Med. Notes and Queries Medical Notes and Queries, Lancaster, Pa. 
Med. Obozr Meditsinskoye Obozrienie, Moscow. 
Med. Press and Circular Medical Press and Circular, London. 
Med. Rec., New Tork Medical Record, New York. 
Med. Recorder Medical Recorder, Shreveport, La. 
Med. Rev., Bergen Medicinsk revue, Bergen, Norway. 
Med. Rev., Haarlem Medische Revue, Haarlem. 
Med. Rev., St. Louis Medical Review, St. Louis, incorporating 
Medical Era and St. Louis Medical 
Review. 
Med. Rev. of Rev Medical Review of Reviews, New York. 
Med. Sentinel, Portland, Ore. .Medical Sentinel, Portland, Ore. 
Med. Standard Medical Standard, Chicago. 
Med. Summary Medical Summary, Philadelphia. 
Med. Times and Gaz Medical Times and Gazette, London. 
Med. Times, New York Medical Times, New York. 
Med. Weekbl Medisch Weekblad, voor Noord- en Zuid- 
Nederland, Amsterdam. 
Med. World Medical World, Philadelphia. 
Medicine Medicine, Detroit. 
Med.-Chir. Jour., Philadelphia.Medico-Chirurgical Journal, Philadelphia. 
Med.-Leg. Jour Medico-Legal Journal, New York. 
Med. and Surg. Rep. City 
Hosp., Boston Medical and Surgical Reports of the City 
Hospital of the City of Boston. 
Mem. Acad. imp. d. sc. de St. 
Petersbourg M4moires de I'Acadgmie impgriale des 
sciences de St. Petersbourg. 
Mem. r. Accad. d. sc. d. 1st. di 
Bologna Memorie della reale Accademia delle sclenze 
dell' Istituto di Bologna, Bologna. 
Memphis Med. Month Memphis Medical Monthly. 
Merck's Arch Merck's Archives of the Materia Medica and 
Its Uses, New York. 
Meyer Bros. Druggist Meyer Brothers' Druggist, St. Louis. 
Midi m6d Midi medical, Toulouse. 
Midland Druggist Midland Druggist and Pharmaceutical Re- 
view, Columbus, Ohio. 
Mil. Surgeon Military Surgeon, Carlisle. Pa. 
Milwaukee Med. Jour Milwaukee Medical Journal. 
Mississippi Med. Month Mississippi Medical Monthly, Vicksburg. 
Mitt. d. Gesellsch. f. inn. Med. 
U. Kinderh Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft fiir innere 
Medlzin und Kinderheilkunde in Wien, 
Vienna. 
Mitt. a. d. Grenzgeb. d. Med. 
U. Chir Mitteilungen aus den Grenzgebieten der 
Medlzin und Chirurgie, Jena. 
Mobile Med. and Surg. Jour..Mobile Medical and Surgical Journal. 
Mod. Hosp Modern Hospital, Chicago. 
Mod. Med Modern Medicine, Battle Creek, Mich. 47 
Mois med.-chir Mois m€dico-chirurgical, Paris. 
Monatschr. f. Geburtsh. u. 
Gyniik Monatsschrift fur Geburtshulfe und Gyna- 
kologie, Berlin. 
Monatsch. f. Kinderh Monatsschrift fiir Kinderheilkunde, Leipsic. 
Monatschr. f. Ohrenh Monatsschrift fiir Ohrenheilkunde, Berlin. 
Monatschr. f. Psychiat. u. 
Neurol Monatsschrift fiir Psychiatrie und Neurol- 
ogic, Berlin. 
Monatschr. f. Unfallheilk Monatsschrift fur Unfallheilkunde mit 
besonderer Beriicksichtigung der Me- 
chanotherapie und der Begutachtung 
Unfallverletzter, Leipsic. 
Monatsh. f. prakt. Dermat. .. Monatshefte fiir praktische Dermatologie, 
Hamburg and Leipsic. 
Monde m6d Monde mfidical, Paris. 
Month. Cycl. Pract. Med Monthly Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine, 
Philadelphia. 
Montreal Med. Jour Montreal Medical Journal. 
Munchen, med. Wchnschr. ...Miinchener mediclnische Wochenschrift, 
Munich. 
Nashville Jour. Med. and Surg.Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
Nederl. Tijdschr. v. Verlosk. en 
Gynaec Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor Verloskunde 
en Gynaecologle, Harlem. 
Nederlandsch Tijdschr. v. 
Geneesk Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 
Amsterdam. 
Neurol. Centralbl ... Neurologisches Centralblatt, Leipsic. 
New England Med. Month. ..New England Medical Monthly, Danbury, 
Conn. 
New Mexico Med. Jour New Mexico Medical Journal, Las Cruces. 
New Orleans Med. and Surg. 
Jour .New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. 
New York Med. Jour New York Medical Journal. 
New York Med. Jour, and Obst. 
Rev New York Medical Journal and Obstetrical 
Review. 
New York Med. Press New York Medical Press. 
New York State Jour. Med.... New York State Journal of Medicine, New 
York. 
Nippon Gankwa Gakukwai 
Zasshi Nippon Gankwa Gakukwai Zasshi (Gazette 
of the Society of Oculists of Japan), 
Tokyo. 
Nord. med. Ark Nordiskt medicinlskt Arkiv, Stockholm. 
Norsk Mag. f. Laegevidensk. .. .Norsk Magazin for Laegevidenskaben, Chris- 
tiania. 
Northwest. Lancet: See Jour. 
Minnesota Med. Assn. 
Northwest Med Northwest Medicine, Seattle. 
Nouv. iconog. de la SalpOtriere.Nouvelle iconographie de la Salp6tri6re, 
Paris. 
Obozr. psichiat., nevrol Obozrienie psichiatrii, nevrologii i eksperi- 
mentalnoi psichologii, St. Petersburg. 48 
Obsh.-san. obozr Obshtshestvenno-sanitarnoye obozrienie, St. 
Petersburg. 
Obstfitrique See Arch, mens d'obstet. et de gynec. 
Ohio State Med. Jour Ohio State Medical Journal, Columbus. 
Old Dominion Jour. Med. and 
Surg Old Dominion Journal of Medicine and Sur- 
gery, Richmond, Va. 
Ophth. Rec Ophthalmic Record, Nashville, Tenn. 
Ophthalmology Ophthalmology, Seattle 
Orvosi hetil Orvosl hetilap, Budapest. 
Otchet o dieyateln. khirurg. 
klin. V. Mosk Otchet o dieyatelnosti khirurgicheskoi 
kliniki . . . v Moskvie, Moscow. 
Pacific Med. Jour Pacific Medical Journal, San Francisco. 
Pediatria Pediatria, St. Petersburg. 
Pediat. Espan Pediatria Espanola, Madrid. 
Pediatrics Pediatrics, New York and London. 
Pennsylvania Med. Jour Pennsylvania Medical Journal, Athens. 
Pest, med.-chir. Presse Pester medizinische-chirurgische Presse, 
Budapest. 
Pfliiger's Archiv: See Arch. f. 
d. ges. Physiol. 
Pharm. Era Pharmaceutical Era, New York. 
Pharm. Jour Pharmaceutical Journal, London. 
Pharm. u. therap. Rundschau. pharmakologische und therapeutische Rund- 
schau, Vienna. 
Pharm. Zeitung Pharmazeutische Zeitung, Berlin. 
Pharm. Zentralhalle Pharmaceutische Zentralhalle fiir Deutsch- 
land, Berlin and Dresden. 
Phil. Tr. Roy. Soc. London. ... philosophical Transactions of the Royal So- 
ciety of London. 
Philadelphia Med. Jour Philadelphia Medical Journal. 
Philippine Jour. Sc Philippine Journal of Science, Manila. 
Philippine Jour. Trop. Med. . . Philippine Journal of Tropical Medicine, 
Manila. 
Physician and Surg., Lond... . Physician and Surgeon. London. 
Plexus Plexus, Batavia, Ill. 
Policlinic©, Rome Policlinico, Rome. 
Polyclinic, London Polyclinic, London. 
Pop. Sc. Month Popular Science Monthly, New York. 
Post-Graduate Post-Graduate, New York. 
Practitioner, London Practitioner, London. 
Prag. med. Wchnschr Prager medizinische Wochenschrift, Prague. 
Presse m6d Presse mgdicale, Paris. 
Proc. Am. Assn. Phys, and 
Surg Proceedings of the American Association 
of Physicians and Surgeons, Indianapo- 
lis. 
Proc. Am. Pharm. Assn Proceedings of the American Pharmaceutical 
Association, Scio, Ohio. 
Proc. New York Path. Soc. . . . Proceedings of the New York Pathological 
Society, New York. 
Proc. Path. Soc., Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Pathological Society of 
Philadelphia. 49 
Proc. Philadelphia Co. Med. Soc.Proceedings of the Philadelphia County 
Medical Society. 
Proc. Roy. Med. and Chir. Soc., 
London ' Proceedings of the Royal Medical and 
Chirurgical Society of London. 
Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol, and 
Med Proceeedings of the Society for Experi- 
mental Biology and Medicine, New 
York. 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 
Washington. 
Progr. Med Progressive Medicine, Philadelphia. 
Progr^s m6d ProgrSs medical, Paris. 
Province m€d Province medicale. Paris. 
Providence Med. Jour •••Providence Medical Journal. 
Psychoanal. Rev Psychoanalytic Review, Lancaster, Pa. 
Pub. Health Jour Public Health Journal, Toronto. 
Pub. Health Rep Public Health Reports, U. S. Public Health 
Service, Washington, D. C. 
Quart. Fed. State Med. Boards. Quarterly of the Federation of State Med- 
ical Boards of the United States, 
Easton, Pa. 
Quart. Jour. Exper. Physiol. ..Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiol- 
ogy, London. 
Quart. Jour. Inebr Quarterly Journal of Inebriety, Hartford, 
Conn. 
Quart. Jour. Med Quarterly Journal of Medicine, Oxford. 
Queen's Med. Quart Queen's Medical Quarterly, Kingston, 
Canada. 
Quinzaine thgrap Quinzaine thgrapeutique, Paris. 
Railway Surg. Jour Railway Surgeons' Journal, Chicago. 
Rec. d'opht Recueil d'ophtalmologie, Paris. 
Rev. de chir Revue de chirurgie, Paris. 
Rev. gen. de clin. et de th6rap.j{eVue genfrale de clinique et de thGrapeu- 
tique, Paris. 
Rev. gen. d'opht Revue g£n£rale d'ophtalmologie, Paris. 
Rev. de gynSc. et de chir. abd.Revue gyngcologie et de chirurgie abdom- 
inale, Paris. 
Rev. hebd. de laryng Revue hebdomadaire de laryngologie, d'otol- 
ogie et de rhinologie. Bordeaux. 
Rev. d'hyg. et de thSrap. ocul.Revue d'hygiene et de th^rapeutique ocu- 
laires, Bruges. Angouleme and Paris. 
Rev. ibero-am. de cien. m6d. .Revista ibero-americana de ciencias m£d- 
icas, Madrid. 
Rev. de m6d Revue de mSdecine, Paris. 
Rev. de med. y cirug Revlsta de medicina y cirugia, Barcelona. 
Rev. de med. y cirug. de la 
Habana Revista de medicina y cirugia de la Habana. 
Rev. de med. y cirug. prlict. .. Revista de medicina y cirugia prftcticas, 
Madrid. 
Rev. med. Cub Revista medica Cubana, Havana. 
Rev. m6d. de I'est Revue medicale de 1'est, Nancy. 
Rev. m€d., Mexico Revista mfdica, Mexico. 
Rev. m6d. de la Suisse ro- 
mande Revue mfedicale de la Suisse romande, 
Geneva. 50 
Rev. med. d. Uruguay Revista mgdica del Uruguay, Montevideo. 
Rev. d'orthop Revue d'orthopGdie, Paris. 
Rev. de thSrap. m6d.-chir. ...Revue de therapeutique mfdico-chirurgicale, 
z Paris. 
Rev. mens, de gynec., d'obstet. 
et de pediat Revue mensuelle de gynecologie, d'obstet- 
rique et de pediatrle, Paris. 
Rev. mens. d. mal. de 1'enf. .. Revue mensuelle des maladies de 1'enfance, 
Paris. 
Rev. neurol Revue neurologique, Paris. 
Rev. prat, d'obst. et de gyn£c.Revue pratique d'obstStrique et de gyne- 
cologie, Paris. 
Rev. Soc. m6d. arg Revista de la Sociedad medica argentina, 
Buenos Aires. 
Riforma med Riforma medica, Naples. 
Riv. clin. di Bologna Rivista cllnica dl Bologna. 
Riv. d' ig. e san. pubb Rlvista d' Igiene e saniti pubblica, Rome. 
Riv. di patol. nerv Rivista dl patologia nervosa e mentale, 
Florence. 
Riv. internaz. di terap. fis. ..Rivista internazionale di terapia fisica, 
Rome. 
Riv. ital. di neuropatol., 
psichiat. ed elettroter. .. . Revista italiana di neuropatologia, pslchi- 
atria ed elettroterapia, Catania. 
Riv. osp Rivista ospedaliera, Rome. 
Riv. sper. di freniat Rivista sperimentale di freniatria e di med- 
icina legale in relazione con 1'antro- 
pologia e le scienze gluridiche e sociali, 
Reggio-Emilia. 
Russk. Arch, patol., klin. med. 
i bakteriol Russkiy Archiv patologii. klinicheskoi medit 
sini i bakterologii, St. Petersburg. 
Russk. Jur. kozhn. i. ven. 
boliezn Russkiy Jurnal kozhnikb 1 venericheskikh 
bolieznei, Kharkof. 
Russk. Vrach Russkiy Vrach, St. Petersburg. 
Sammi, klin. Vortr Sammlung kliniscber Vortriige (Volk- 
mann's), Leipsic. 
Shorn, klin Sbornik klinicky, Prague. 
Science, New York Science. New York. 
Sc. Progr. Twentieth Cent. . . . Science Progress in the Twentieth Century, 
London. 
Scient. Am Scientific American, New York. 
Schmidt's Jahrb Schmidt's Jahrbiicher der in- und auslan- 
dcschcn gesammten Medicine. 
Scot. Med. and Surg. Jour.... Scottish Medical and Surgical Journal. 
Sei-i-Kwai Med. Jour Sei i-Kwal Medical Journal, Tokyo. 
Semaine gynec Semaine gyngcologique, Paris. 
Semaine m6d Semaine m$dicale, Paris. 
Semana m6d Semana mgdica, Buenos Aires. 
Settimana med. d. sperimentale. Settimana medica dello sperimentale, Flor 
ence. 
Siglo m6d Siglo mSdico, Madrid. 
South. California Pract Southern California Practitioner, Los An 
geles. 
South. Clin Southern Clinic, Richmond, Va. 51 
South. Med. Jour Southern Medical Journal. Mobile, Ala. 
South. Med. and Surg •Southern Medicine and Surgery, Chatta- 
nooga. 
South. Pract Southern Practitioner, Nashville. 
Southwest Jour. Med. and 
Surg Southwest Journal of Medicine and Surgery, 
El Reno Okla., incorporating Oklahoma 
Medical News-Journal, and United 
States Medical Journal. 
Soziale Med. u. Hyg Soziale Medizin und Hygiene, Hamburg. 
Sperimentale Sperimentale : Archlvlo di biolo'gia, Florence. 
Spitalul Spitalul, Bucharest. 
St. Louis Clinique St. Louis Clinique. 
St. Louis Courier Med St. Louis Courier of Medicine. 
St. Louis Med. Rev Now combined with Medical .Era under title 
of Medical Review, St. Louis. 
St. Paul Med. Jour St. Paul Medical Journal. 
St. Petersb. med. Wchnschr. ..st. Petersburger medicinische Wochenschrift. 
Surg., Gynec. and Obst Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics with 
International Abstract of Surgery, 
Chicago. 
Texas Cour.-Rec. Med Texas Courier-Record of Medicine, Fort 
Worth. 
Texas Med. Jour., Austin. ...Texas Medical Journal, Austin. 
Texas Med. News Texas Medical News, Austin. 
Texas State Jour. Med Texas State Journal of Medicine, Fort 
Worth. 
Therap. d. Gegenw. . Therapie der Gegenwart, Berlin and Vienna. 
Therap. Gaz Therapeutic Gazette, Detroit. 
Therap. Monatsh Therapeutische Monatshefte, Berlin. 
Therap. Neuheiten Therapeutische Neuhelten, Leipsic. 
Tidsskr. f. d. norske Lsegefor. ..Tidsskrift for den norske Laegeforening, 
Christiania. 
Toledo Med. and Surg. Re- 
porter Toledo Medical and Surgical Reporter. 
Tr. A. M. A Transactions of the American Medical Asso- 
ciation. 
Tr. Am. Assn. Obst Transactions of the American Association 
of Obstetricians, Philadelphia. 
Tr. Am. Dermat. Assn Transactions of the American Dermatolog- 
ical Association. 
Tr. Am. Gynec. Soc Transactions of the American Gynecological 
Society. 
Tr. Am. Neurol. Assn Transactions of the American Neurological 
Association, New York. 
Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc Transactions of the American Ophthalmo- 
logical Society, New York. 
Tr. Am. Orthop. Assn Transactions of the American Orthopedic 
Association. 
Tr. Am. Otol. Soc Transactions of the American Otological 
Society. 
Tr. Am. Pediat. Soc Transactions of the American Pediatric So- 
ciety, Philadelphia. 
Tr. Am. Surg. Assn Transactions of the American Surgical As- 
sociation, Philadelphia. 
Tr. Assn. Am. Phys Transactions of the Association of Ameri- 
can Physicians, Philadelphia. 52 
Tr. Chicago Path. Soc Transactions of the Chicago Pathological 
Society. 
Tr. Clin. Soc. London Transactions of the Clinical Society of 
London. 
Tr. Med. Soc. New York Transactions of the Medical Society of New 
York. 
Tr. New York Med. Assn. ... Transactions of the New York State Med- 
ical Association, New York. 
Tr. Ophth. Soc. U. Kingdom. .. Transactions of the Ophthalmological So- 
ciety of the United Kingdom, London. 
Tr. Path. Soc. London .Transactions of the Pathological Society of 
London. 
Tr. Sect. Dermat. A. M. A. . . Transactions of the Section on Dermatology 
of the American Medical Association, 
Chicago. 
Tr. Sect. Dis. Child. A. M. A. .Transactions of the Section on Diseases of 
Children of the American Medical As- 
sociation, Chicago. 
Tr. Sect. Genito-Urin. Dis. 
A. M. A Transactions of the Section on Genito- 
urinary Diseases of the American Med- 
ical Association, Chicago. 
Tr. Sect. Hosp. A. M. A Transactions of the Section on Hospitals 
of the American Medical Association, 
Chicago. 
Tr. Sect. Laryngol., Otol. and 
Rhinol. A. M. A Transactions of the Section on Laryngol- 
ogy, Otology and Rhinology of the 
American Medical Association, Chicago. 
Tr. Sect. Nerv. and Ment. Dis. 
A. M. A Transactions of the Section on Nervous and 
Mental Diseases of the American Med- 
ical Association, Chicago. 
Tr. Sect. Obst., Gynec. and Abd. 
Surg. A. M. A Transactions of the Section on Obstetrics, 
Gynecology and Abdominal Surgery of 
the American Medical Association, Chi- 
cago. 
Tr. Sect. Ophth. A. M. A Transactions of the Section on Ophthalmol- 
ogy of the American Medical Associa- 
tion, Chicago. 
Tr. Sect. Orth. Surg. A. M. A. Transactions of the Section on Orthopedic 
Surgery of the American Medical Asso- 
ciation, Chicago. 
Tr. Sect. Path, and Physiol. 
A. M. A Transactions of the Section on Pathology 
and Physiology of the American Med- 
ical Association, Chicago. 
Tr. Sect. Pharmacol. and 
Therap. A. M. A Transactions of the Section on Pharmacol- 
ogy and Therapeutics of the American 
Medical Association, Chicago. 
Tr. Sect. Pract. Med. A. M. A.Transactions of the Section on Practice of 
Medicine of the American Medical As- 
sociation, Chicago. 
Tr. Sect. Prev. Med. and Pub. 
Health Transactions of the Section on Preventive 
Medicine and Public Health of the 
American Medical Association, Chicago. 
Tr. Sect. Stomat. A. M. A. ... Transactions of the Section on Stomatology 
of the American Medical Association, 
Chicago. 
Tr. Sect. Surg., Gen. and Abd., 
A. M. A Transactions of the Section on Surgery, 
General and Abdominal, of the Ameri- 
can Medical Association, Chicago. 53 
Tr. South. Surg. and Gynec. 
Assn Transactions of the Southern Surgical and 
Gynecological Association, published in 
various places. 
1 ribuna med., Rio de Janeiro. . Tribuna medica, Rio de Janeiro. 
Tribune med., Am. ed., New 
York Tribune mfdicale, American edition, New 
York. 
tribune med., Paris Tribune m^dicale, Paris. 
I umori Tumori, Rome. 
Ugesk. f. Lseger Ugeskrift for Leeger, Copenhagen. 
Ungar, med. Presse Ungarische medizinische Press, Budapest. 
Univ. Aled. Mag University Medical Magazine (edited by the 
University of Pennsylvania), Philadel- 
phia. 
I niv. Pennsylvania Med. Bull.. university of Pennsylvania Medical Bul- 
letin, Philadelphia. 
Upsala Liikaref. Fbrh Upsala Liikareforenings Forhandlingar. 
U. S. Nav. Med. Bull United States Naval Medical Bulletin, 
,T , ~ , . ,r , Washington. 
veriianal. a. Cong. t. inn. Aled. yerhandlungen des Congresses fur innere 
Medicin. 
Verhandl. d. deutsch. Gesellsch. 
f. Chir Verhandlungen der deutschen Gesellschaft 
fiir Chirurgie, Berlin. 
Verhandl. d. deutsch. path. 
Gesellsch Verhandlungen der deutschen pathologischen 
Gesellschaft. 
Verhandl. d. Ver. f. inn. Med. 
Med. zu Berlin Verhandlungen des Vereins fiir Innere Med 
icin zu Berlin. 
Vermont Med. Month Vermont Medical Monthly, Burlington. 
Verworn's Zeitschrift: See 
Ztschr. f. allg. Physiol. 
Virchows Arch. f. path. Anat. Virchows Archiv fiir pathologische Anatomie 
und Physiologic und fiir klinlsche Medi- 
cin, Berlin. 
Virginia Clin. Rec Virginia Clinical Record, Richmond. 
Virginia Aled. Semi-Month. . . Virginia Medical Semi-Monthly, Richmond. 
Volkmann's klinische Vortriige: 
See Sammi, klin. Vortr. 
Vrach Vrach, St. Petersburg. 
Vrach. Gaz Vrachebnaya Gazeta, St. Petersburg. 
Vrtljschr. f. gerichtl. Aled. ..vierteljahrsschrift fur gerichtliche Medizin 
und offentliches Sanitatswesen, Berlin. 
Vrtljschr. f. prakt. Pharm. ...vierteljahrsschrift fiir praktische Phar- 
mazie, Berlin. 
Washington Med. Ann Washington Medical Annals, Washington, 
D. C. 
Wchnschr. f. Therap. u. Hyg. 
d. Auges Wochenschrift fiir Therapie und Hygiene des 
Auges, Breslau. 
West. Canada Aled. Jour Western Canada Medical Journal, Winnipeg. 
West. Druggist Western Druggist, Chicago. 
West London Aled. Jour West London Medical Journal, London. 
West. Afed. Rev Western Medical Review, Omaha. 54 
West V irginia Med. Jour West Virginia Medical Journal, Wheeling. 
Wien. klin. Rundschau -Wiener klinische Rundschau, Vienna. 
Wien. klin. Wchnschr Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, Vienna. 
Wien. med. Bl Wiener medizinische Blatter, Vienna. 
Wien. med. Presse Wiener medizinische Presse, Vienna. 
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Zentralbl. f. Chir Zentralblatt fiir Chirurgie, Leipsic. 
Zentralbl. f. d. ges. Chir. u. i 
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Zentralbl. f. d. ges. Gynaek. u. 
Geburtsh Zentralblatt fiir die gesamte Gyuaekologie 
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Zentralbl. f. d. ges. inn. Med. 
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Zentralbl. f. d. ges. Physiol, u. 
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Zentralbl. f. Gyniik Zentralblatt fiir Gyniikologie, Leipsic. 
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Ziegler's Beitriige: See Beitr. 
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Ztschr. f. anal. Chern Zeitschrift fiir analytische Chemie, Wies 
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Ztschr. f. iirztl. Fortbild Zeitschrift fiir arztliche Fortbildung, Jena. 
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Ztschr. f. Chemotherap Zeitschrift fiir Chemotherapie und ver 
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Ztschr. f. Ohrenh Zeitschrift fiir Ohrenheilkunde, Wiesbaden. 
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Ztschr. f. Tuberk. u. Heilstat- 
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