THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 
MOULD BOOK 
Containing 
Illustrations and Measurements of 
Twentieth Century, Dentsply, 
Solila Teeth, Crowns 
and Dentsply Facings 
Together with 
Much Useful Information concerning 
their Manipulation. 
(FOURTH EDITION) 
The Dentists' Supply Company 
Candler Building, Times Square 
220 West Forty-second Street : : New York, N.Y., U. S. A. 
191." Copyrighted, 1908 
BY 
The Dentists' Supply Company 
New York 
Prfss of 
Montross & Clarke Co. 
10 Ferry Street 
New York PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION 
Since the second edition of the Twentieth Century Mould Book 
was published, important improvements in the formation of vulcan- 
ite teeth, in articulators and methods of articulation have been re- 
corded. 
In 1909 we introduced to the dental profession the first anatomi- 
cal bicuspids and molars to be commercially manufactured. They 
have now been extensively copied, but are still superior. They are 
now regularly furnished with selected moulds of vulcanite teeth, as 
described in the following pages. 
In 1912 we announced Solila Teeth as an improvement on plati- 
num pin teeth at lower prices. They have large diameter, pure gold 
pins, greatly strengthened by cores of regular Twentieth Century 
pin metal. These pins are soldered in. 
We introduced also Dentsply Pointed Pin Facings, which have 
proved so welcome to many careful dentists. These, and the regular 
long pin P acings are illustrated and described in this book. 
Descriptions of our Porcelain Crowns, in all forms, will be 
found in a separate book "The Crown Book'' which may be had 
free, on request. 
If our efforts to improve the teeth with which dentists must 
work, the articulators and the methods of articulation are successful, 
we shall be content. 
THE TWENTIETH CENTURY MOULD BOOK 
FOURTH EDITION. 
Dec. 1, 1915. 
3 FOREWORD. 
To The Dental Profession. 
In the following pages we offer some entirely new methods for 
selecting artificial teeth. For the first time the selection of artificial 
teeth is reduced to a science. At the same time such selection is 
made so much more rapid, easy and accurate, as to confer distinct 
benefits on every dentist who adopts the new methods. 
Every mould of Twentieth Century and Solila Teeth, Crowns, 
Facings and Dentsply and Pointed Pin Facings has been measured 
in millimeters and the information so arranged as to facilitate rapid 
and accurate selection. 
Many dentists have failed to make use of the very important 
mechanical advantages offered by the varying lengths of bite, shut 
and ridge-lap. This book makes these advantages plain. They 
make it much easier for the dentist to select teeth to conform to the 
mechanical requirements of the various cases. 
Behind each Mould are definite plans and careful study. Each 
Mould is made to fill a clearly recognized need, to enable dentists 
to fit a particular case with a tooth which not only harmonizes in 
outline with the face, but meets the mechanical requirements, as 
determined by the comparative depth of ridge and length of lip, 
and the length of the ridge from one tuberosity to the other. 
It will also be easy to select from among the moulds of proper 
width, one which will permit the pins to set on the ridge, the incisal 
edges of the anteriors to come at the labio-incisal angle of the trial 
plate and that part of the plate exposed in laughing to be occupied by 
the teeth. There need never again be need for ordering teeth 
as "large" or "small." Exact orders for exact needs should be the 
rule. 
There is no department of dentistry into which the introduction 
of scientific measurements is so much needed as the Prosthetic. If 
the introduction of exactness where all has been indefinite, require 
4 a little patience and practice we ask that for your own sake you exer- 
cise that patience which we have so willingly exerted in your behalf. 
In return we promise you such artistic results, such increased con- 
venience and such time and labor saving as you have never known 
in prosthetic work before. There will be no need to send models to 
dealers. There will be no need to wax on teeth to see if they will 
come out right. With the aid of the celluloid measure the mould 
numbers may be quickly obtained. After a little practice it should be 
possible to select the best mould for any given case in three or four 
minutes. 
Thanking you for past favors and assuring you of our untiring 
industry in all that will be for your benefit, we remain, 
Yours respectfully, 
THE DENTISTS' SUPPLY COMPANY. 
5 Factory of the Dentists Supply Company at York, Pa. About 1,000 people are employed. It is believed to be the largest factory in the world devoted 
exclusively to the manufacture of artificial teeth. 
6 Rear View of the Factory. 
7 The Moulding Room. 
8 Inspecting and Carding the Teeth. 
9 The Candler Building-, Times Square. 220 West 42d Street, New York, N. Y., U. S. A. 
The Offices and Salesrooms of the Dentists' Supply Company occupy the entire 
14th and 15th floors, over 20,000 square feet of floor space. 
10 The Tooth Counter in the Dentists' Supply Company's New York City Dental Depot. The Drawers under the Counter contain more than 200,000 Teeth of 
the various moulds and shades. Note the splendid light from the north windows. 
11 The Sundries Department in the Dental Depot of the Dentists' Supply Company, New York City. The doors, at the left of the picture, open 
directly into four high speed passenger elevators. 
12 Another View of the Dental Depot including the Accounting Department. 
13 The Furniture Department. 
14 A View in the Wholesale Tooth Department. In this room is carried probably the largest stock of teeth to be found anywhere in the world. 
15 CHAPTER I 
The Twentieth Century Method 
of Selecting Teeth 
is based on the fact that it is compar- 
atively easy to determine in advance 
the dimensions of the required teeth 
in millimeters. The teeth may then 
be most advantageously selected from 
tables in which the sizes of artificial 
teeth are recorded in millimeters. 
Selection of vulcanite teeth for 
dentures may be divided into two 
parts, selection for appearance and 
selection for mechanical suitability. 
Selection for Appearance. 
This has to do more especially with 
the anterior teeth. It largely de- 
termines the lengths and widths of 
the teeth, and the character of outline 
which will harmonize best with the 
patient's face. Such selection is made 
easy by the fact that there are some 
pretty constant relations between the 
positions of the lips and the sizes of 
the natural teeth, which can be used 
as guides. They are: 
That nature places the cutting 
edges of the upper centrals about 1.5 
m.m. below the edge of the upper lip 
when at rest. This gives proper ex- 
pression to the upper lip and the 
proper outward turn to the edge of 
the lower lip. The teeth then show to 
The cutting edges of upper natural 
centrals normally come 1.5 m.m. be- 
low the rest line of the lips. 
No. 1 
In smiling, 3 persons in 4, raise the 
upper lip to the level of the necks of 
the natural centrals. 
No. 2 
17 advantage in speaking. The edges of 
the artificial upper centrals should be 
similarly placed. 
About three people out of four 
raise the upper lip, in smiling, till its 
edge is level with the necks of the 
upper centrals. This prevents the ex- 
posure of much gum. In hearty 
laughing the lip is raised above the 
necks. The necks of the upper arti- 
ficial centrals may with advantage be 
located on the same level. There 
will then be no unpleasant display of 
gum. 
If the orifice of the mouth is well 
proportioned to the face, the distal 
angles of the artificial cuspids may 
well come opposite the corners of the 
orifice. Upper anteriors of this 
wridth are likely to harmonize with 
the patient's face. If the orifice is 
large or small in proportion to the 
face, it is well to mark the locations 
of its corners and make any desired 
change later. 
The necks of the lower centrals 
may well come on the same level as 
the edge of the lower lip when de- 
pressed by the depressor muscles. 
This prevents the exposure of the 
lower gums, under ordinary condi- 
tions. 
How to Apply These Positions 
of the Lips. 
It is necessary to make proper 
trial plates, insert them in the mouth, 
trim for length and fullness until the 
lips rest in the desired positions, and 
Properly made trial plates are essential 
to articulation of artificial teeth. Base 
plates of composition should be shaped 
over the models, strengthened with 
wire, and wax ridges added. 
No. 3 
Edentulous patient showing drooping of 
soft tissues following extraction of 
teeth. The labial ends of the alae and 
septum droop and the tissues in the 
labial triangle sink inward. (This 
picture and No. & were taken in the 
same light at the same time, and il- 
lustrate very clearly the possibilities 
in restoration.) 
No. 4 
18 then mark on the wax the locations 
of the lips. 
Proper trial plates can be made 
after only one manner. That is by 
making proper models of both jaws, 
by shaping over them baseplates 
of some substance which will sup- 
port the teeth during the several op- 
erations of denture making, and by 
shaping on each baseplate a rim of 
wax, which takes the place of the 
teeth, and which can be trimmed for 
length and fullness. 
The upper trial plate is placed in 
the mouth and trimmed to be verti- 
cally 1.5 m.m. (1/16 inch) longer 
than the upper lip in the median line. 
The lower trial plate is warmed and 
placed in the mouth and the jaw is 
pressed upward until the lips touch 
lightly in repose. 
An instrument is carefully placed 
between the lips as they lie touching, 
is moved to one corner of the ori- 
fice of the mouth and then the other, 
and the locations of the corners 
marked on the wax. 
The patient is then caused to raise 
the upper lip as in smiling, and the 
level of its edge is marked on the wax. 
This is the high line. 
The lower lip should then be de- 
pressed by the depressor muscles and 
the level of its edge marked on the 
wax. This is the low line. 
Selecting the Proper Tooth 
Outline. 
Having registered the requirements 
as to sizes of the teeth, it will be well 
Patient with trial plates in position. The 
labial ends of the alae and septum are 
pushed up to place, vivifying the ex- 
pression. The lips are built out in 
harmony with the general facial con- 
tour. Note the animated and vigor- 
ous expression. 
No. 5 
Patient with trial plates properly built 
up and out as in illustration No. 5. 
The tissues in the labial triangle, the 
alae and septum, and the corners of 
the orifice of the mouth have been 
lifted by making the plate high over 
the cuspid eminence. Contrast the 
appearance here and in No. 4. 
No. 6 
19 to select a mould which will harmo- 
nize with the face. In general it may 
be said that the mould should have 
the same general outlines as the face. 
A wide face with full curves should 
have a wide mould with full curves. 
A thin face with flat curves requires 
a narrow mould with flat curves. 
Such a mould may be easily secured. 
There has been much attention 
given to the classification of faces 
on the basis of temperaments, ner- 
vous, sanguine, lymphatic, etc. As 
this is not a text book, it may suf- 
fice to say here that the scientific 
world now places little faith in the 
classification by temperaments, and 
many of the more advanced thinkers 
openly scout it as unscientific and im- 
practicable. For the practitioner of 
dentistry who cannot go deeply into 
the study of temperaments, it need 
only be said that the study is difficult 
and bewildering and that the results 
are not satisfactory. The following 
method, suggested by Dr. F. H. 
Berry, is believed to be the best 
known. 
Dr. Berry's method is briefly to 
make a sketch of the outline of the 
patient's face, seen full front, from 
the middle of the forehead down- 
ward, as shown in illustration No. 11 
and invert it, when it will be found to 
be the outline of a tooth which will 
harmonize in character with the face. 
When this has been done, the data 
is at hand for selection from the point 
of view of appearance and we may 
The white line is drawn from the low- 
est point of the opening into the ear, 
to the lowest point of the wing of 
the nose. It is parallel with the oc- 
clusal plane of the natural teeth. The 
occlusal surfaces of the trial plates 
should be made parallel with the line. 
No. 7 
Shaping the occlusal surfaces of the 
upper trial plate to be parallel with 
the line on the face by pressing a 
table knife upward against the soft- 
ened ridge of the upper trial plate. 
No. 8 
20 turn to another equally important 
point, namely 
Selection for Mechanical 
Fitness. 
The fact that a mould is of the 
right length and width to produce 
a certain pleasing effect, does not in- 
sure its being of such mechanical fit- 
ness that the dentist can put the teeth 
easily into their proper places. It 
is easily possible to learn in advance 
of the actual selection, just what di- 
mensions a mould must have to go to 
place with a minimum of grinding. 
The first requirement is to make 
sure that the anteriors will go between 
the surface of the ridge and the labio- 
incisal angle of the trial plate. Then 
the desired width of the full set should 
be ascertained, in order that they 
may be of correct width to bring the 
second molars in proper locations. 
Both these dimensions may be 
easily gotten. 
The lingual surface of an anterior 
tooth is divided into three parts, the 
bite, shut and ridgelap. 
The bite and shut are supposed to 
sit below the upper ridge or above 
the lower ridge as in illustration No. 
13. The ridgelap is supposed to lap 
the ridge to carry the labial side of 
the tooth to the high line or low line. 
The first essential then is to learn 
the amount of free space between the 
surface of the ridge and the labio- 
incisal angle of the trial plate. The 
Marking high line on trial plate. 
No. 9 
Marking location of corners of orifice 
on trial plate. 
No. 10 
This outline on a face indicates the 
outline of artificial tooth that will 
appear well. Dr. Berry's method. 
No. 11 
21 bite and shut of the mould must not 
be longer than this distance, or the 
teeth will not go easily to place. 
To determine this distance, hold 
the upper trial plate with the palatal 
surface upward, and thrust a pin 
through from the labial surface of 
the ridge at the median line so that 
it may be seen from the palatal, 
where it would just touch the deep- 
est part of the ridge. Illustration 
No. 16 shows half a trial plate with 
the pin in position. The distance 
from the pinhole to the labio-incisal 
angle of the trial plate will be the 
greatest distance available for the 
combined bite and shut. 
After the trial plates are out of 
the mouth a vertical mark should be 
made on each side of the upper trial 
plate to indicate how far back the 
teeth are to extend. From this mark 
on one side, around to a similar mark 
on the other side, will be the width 
of the full 14 teeth set up. 
Getting the Dimensions of the 
Required Teeth in Millimeters. 
With each Twentieth Century 
Mould Book will be found a flexible 
millimeter rule. This is made of 
celluloid as being more easily bent 
and less affected by shrinkage. The 
celluloid for the measures was es- 
pecially selected and seasoned before 
the measures were made. 
With this celluloid rule, measure 
the distance from the high line of the 
Marking the location of the low line 
on lower trial plate. 
No. 12 
Four different mechanical conditions in 
plates where teeth of the same length 
and width are indicated. 
In the upper left illustration, there is 
little alveolar absorption and a tooth 
with short combined bite and shut is 
indicated. 
In the upper right illustration, there is 
more absorption. A tooth of the same 
length, but with longer combined bite 
and shut is required. 
In the lower left illustration, the ab- 
sorption is still greater, and in the 
lower right illustration it is complete 
requiring a long bite and shut. 
Four moulds of teeth having the same 
lengths but different combined bites 
and shuts are indicated for these dif- 
ferent mechanical conditions. Twen- 
tieth Century teeth permit selection 
to suit such cases. The moulds used 
are shown in illustration No. 14. 
The short bite mould has less cutting 
power than the longer bite teeth. It 
crushes through food rather than cuts 
through. It also makes a more awk- 
ward place for the tongue. 
No. 13 
22 upper trial plate to the labio-incisal 
angle of the trial plate. Illustration 
No. 18. That is the length of the 
exposed surface of the upper central. 
In Twentieth Century and Dentsply 
Teeth add I m.m. for collar, to go 
into the vulcanite. Write dow'n 
"Length Central m.m." 
Measure from the pinhole to the 
labio-incisal angle. That distance is 
the greatest length of bite and shut 
mechanically suitable for the case. 
Write down "bite and shut m.m." 
Invert the upper trial plate. Bend 
the measure along the incisal edge and 
measure from the mark for the distal 
angle of one cuspid to the mark for 
the distal angle of the other cuspid, 
as in illustration No. 19. That is 
the width of the upper six anteriors, 
set up. Write "Combined width six 
anteriors m.m." 
Measure around the trial plate 
from the mark for the distal side of 
one second molar to the mark for 
the distal side of the other second 
molar. That distance is the width 
of the full 14 teeth, set up. Write 
"width full 14 set up. m.m." 
The Dimensions of Lower Teeth. 
When full upper and lower den- 
tures are being made together, with 
Twentieth Century or Dentsply 
Teeth, it will not be necessary to 
measure for the dimensions of the 
lower teeth, since the uppers and 
lowers in the first 42 vulcanite moulds 
shown in Table No. 1, this book, 
Mould 4. 
Combined bite and shut 4% mm, 
Mould 11. 
Combined bite and shut 6 mm. 
Mould 13. 
Combined bite and shut 7 mm. 
Mould 14. 
Combined bite and shut TVz mm. 
Enlarged photographs of the four cen- 
trals indicated in illustration No. 13 
All centrals are of the same length 
and the six anteriors from all the 
moulds are of similar combined width. 
(See the note regarding these teeth, 
under illustration No. 13). 
No. 14 
23 have been carefully carded to cor- 
rect widths of uppers and lowers. In 
the Assortments, described in Chap- 
ter IV, the upper and lower anteriors 
which articulate well are given in the 
Articulation Chart which accom- 
panies each Assortment. 
When it is desired to obtain the 
dimensions for lower teeth, the length 
of the lower centrals may be gotten 
by measuring from the rest line to the 
low line and adding i m.m. for collar. 
The greatest length of bite and shut 
available may be ascertained with a 
pin in the same manner as on the 
upper trial plate. 
The width of the lower anteriors 
may be ascertained by measuring 
around the trial plate from opposite 
the tip of one upper cuspid to a mark 
opposite the tip of the other upper 
cuspid. This is possible because the 
distal angles of the lower cuspids 
come directly below the tips of the 
upper cuspids. 
Selecting Teeth by These 
Measurements. 
For the ordinary methods of selec- 
tion, the millimeter dimensions would 
be of little value. But each Twen- 
tieth Century and Dentsply mould has 
been carefully measured in those 
diameters which correspond with the 
measurements on the trial plates. It 
is necessary therefore only to turn 
to the tables of such dimensions of 
the teeth, and select the mould or 
moulds which most closely correspond 
Side view of properly marked trial 
plate after removal from mouth. 
No. 15 
Section of trial plate in No. 15. Pin 
level with surface of ridge. The dis- 
tance from pin hole to occlusal sur- 
face of ridge equals the greatest 
available bite and shut in the tooth. 
No. 16 
No. 17 
24 with the requirements. This is very 
much more rapid and satisfactory 
chan selection by the ordinary method 
of examining many teeth. 
How to Use the Tables of Tooth 
Measurements. 
In the column marked "Length of 
Central," locate all the moulds hav- 
ing centrals of the length required. 
There will usually be several moulds 
in which the centrals are of the right 
lengths. Then from among the 
moulds having the right length of cen- 
trals, separate those having the ant- 
eriors nearest the correct width, as 
shown in the column marked "Width 
six Anteriors". 
The'next column to the right re- 
cords the width of the full 14 teeth 
of each mould, when set up. From 
among those so far correct, select 
those moulds in which the width of 
the 14 is satisfactory. 
From among those remaining as 
satisfactory, select one in which the 
combined bite and shut of the central 
is correct, as shown in the adjoining 
column on the right. This should 
not be much greater than the distance 
from the pin hole to the cutting edge 
of the trial plate. It is better if it 
is not much less. For the possibili- 
ties in this dimension see illustration 
No. 13. 
It will sometimes be necessary to 
make concessions in one or more of 
the measurements, but centrals of the 
correct length and anteriors of ap- 
Measuring the trial plates vertically 
for length of central. 
No. 18 
Measuring trial plate for width of 
anteriors and fourteen. Distance 
between marks at corners of mouth, 
45 millimeters. Distance between 
marks for second molars, 108 milli- 
meters. 
No. 19 
On the right-Bite measured in illus- 
tration Nos. 14 and 15. 
On the left-Teeth selected from meas- 
urements. 
No. 20 
25 proximately the correct width and 
bite and shut may nearly always be 
obtained. Dentists who have on hand 
the Assortments described in Chap- 
ter IV, may easily change the width 
of the full 14 as desired, by using 
different bicuspids and molars. 
Example. 
Suppose that the measurements on 
the trial plate indicated that teeth 
were required of the following 
dimensions: 
Length of central 11 % m.m. 
Combined bite and shut 7 m.m. 
Width 6 anteriors 47 m.m. 
Width full 14 108 m.m. 
The tables show that there are 4 
moulds having centrals exactly 11% 
m.m. long, and 28 moulds having cen- 
trals within % m.m. of that length. 
A millimeter is equal to 1/25 of an 
inch and % m.m. either way in such 
selections is close enough. 
Of these 32 moulds, 22 have the 
six upper anteriors within 1 m.m. 
either way of the right combined 
width. Of these 22 moulds, 13 have 
practically the right width of full 14, 
set up. Of these 13 moulds, 10 have 
approximately the correct bite and 
shut. These moulds are Moulds 29- 
65-12-71-26-78-8-76-109-49 and they 
are practically correct in all the im- 
portant dimensions. From among 
these, one mould may be selected 
which harmonizes in outline with the 
Patient for whom bites were made in 
illustration No. 20, wearing the teeth 
shown in illustration No. 20 
No. 21 
Patient for whom lowers were selected 
by this method. 
No. 22 
Models mounted by means of the Inci- 
sor Guide. 
No. 23 
26 patient's face, and the order for the 
teeth be made out by the mould 
number. 
It may take some time to select 
the first two or three sets by this 
method, but after the technic is 
learned, selection may be made in 5 
minutes. 
Advantages. 
Several advantageous results are 
obtained by the Twentieth Century 
Method of Selection. They are: 
Once the technic is learned, much 
time is saved. 
The confusion resulting from see- 
ing many moulds is avoided. 
Selection is made by the dentist, 
who is the person most competent to 
select. 
Orders may be more intelligently 
sent and more quickly and accurately 
filled. 
Anteriors of the right length and 
width to harmonize with the face are 
secured. This overcomes the very 
common effect of selecting anteriors 
too short or too narrow. 
The patient does not expose more 
of the bicuspids and molars in smil- 
ing than should be the case. 
The bicuspids and molars are kept 
back where the jaw is able to do the 
most grinding, and in this way the 
patient gets the best chewing value 
from the plate. 
Setting the mouth piece of the Snow 
Face Bow into the upper trial plate. 
No. 24 
Patient with Snow Face Bow in posi- 
tion. 
No. 25 
Trial plates mounted on the Gysi Sim- 
plex Articulator with face bow. 
No. 26 
27 CHAPTER II. 
Selecting The Shade. 
Having secured the measurements for the mould, care must 
be taken to select the shade which will harmonize with the colors 
in the complexion. If this be carefully done there will be none 
of the ghastly and conspicuous appearance which characterizes 
many sets of artificial teeth. The well selected plate should be 
inconspicuous because it harmonizes so well with the rest of the face 
that it does not draw unto itself special attention. 
Get it firmly in mind that there are few if any cases requiring 
white teeth. Every complexion usually shows several colors or 
shades, including the yellow or pink of the flesh, the blue, gray, 
brown or the black of the eye, and the color of the hair If the 
face be looked at with the eyelids half closed so that one looks 
through the lashes, all the elements will often blend into one 
general shade. It is with this general shade that the tooth selected 
must harmonize in color to produce the best results. 
If the dentist, before extracting, will carefully match the shade 
of any remaining natural teeth and record it, the selection of arti- 
ficial teeth may be made simple and very satisfactory. 
Just as the selection of artificial teeth has been made largely 
mechanical by the methods outlined in this book, so the selection 
of shades can be made largely mechanical by an intelligent use of 
the Twentieth Century Shade Guide. 
Pay attention to the light in which the patient sits. The 
patient's face should be well illuminated, but when the remaining 
teeth and the Shade Guide Tooth are exposed, the light should 
not fall on them in such way as to reflect a glaze, since this will 
mislead the dentist who is making the selection. 
Neither the remaining natural teeth nor the artificial teeth 
should be allowed to become dry during the matching, but each 
should show the slight moisture characteristic of the mouth. If 
the natural tooth be kept dry a few moments, it will so change color 
that the shade which matches it while dry will not match it at all 
when moist. A little moisture on the artificial tooth will make 
it appear as it will in actual use. Shut off side lights. 
28 How to Use the Twentieth Century Shade Guide. 
Our task is to decide what color is required for the case and 
what shade of that color. There are two ways of doing this. 
Some dentists are so skillful at detecting colors that by a mere 
glance at the face they can decide that a yellow or a gray or a 
blue tooth is necessary. But the great majority of dentists arrive 
at this conclusion from intelligently using the sample teeth. The 
Twentieth Century Shade Guide shows six colors: white, blue, 
yellow, gray, green and brown. There are twenty-five shades of 
these colors as follows: 
There are four whites: Nos. i and 2 whitish, No. 3 a bluish 
white, No. 4 milk white. 
< There are eight shades of yellow: Nos. 5 and 8 cream yellows, 
Nos. 7, 9, 10, and 15 straw yellows, Nos. 16, 20 and 21 yellows. 
There are four blues: Nos. 6 and 12, light blues, the blue in 
No. 6 being almost wholly in the incisal third; Nos. 13 and 18 
dark blues. 
Three grays: No. 11 light gray, No. 14 gray, No. 22 dark 
gray. 
Nos. 17 and 19 are greens. 
No. 23 is a green brown and Nos. 24 and 25 are browns. 
Let us try the sample teeth representing these shades under 
the lip and select that which harmonizes best. Let us, however, 
keep away from the four shades of 
white. If we find that we must come 
back to these, well and good, but the 
chances are that we shall do well to stay 
away from them. 
We may try first, a yellow. Of the 
yellow shades perhaps No. 10 is most 
representative. Lay aside the other 
sample teeth and place No. 10 under the 
lip, moistening it against the lip as the 
natural teeth are moist. Allow it to 
remain in position long enough for the color in the tooth and the 
colors in the complexion to make a clear impression on the mind. 
It can then be decided whether yellow harmonizes with the com- 
plexion or represents a contrast. If it represents a contrast, we 
No. 27 
29 shall look for another color. If it harmonizes, but the shade does 
not seem to be exactly right, we can easily determine which of the 
eight yellows harmonizes best, and order therefrom. 
If it does not harmonize, it will be well to try sample tooth 
No. 12 which is a light blue, under the lip in the same way. Should 
blue harmonize with the complexion and the shade be a trifle 
too dark, sample tooth No. 6 may be put into position since it is 
lighter than No. 12 and has nearly all of the blue in the incisal 
edge. Should No. 12 not be dark enough, Nos. 13 and 18 will 
offer darker blues. 
If neither the yellow nor the blue suit the complexion, No. 11 
or No. 14 may be tried in the same way. Should these be of the 
right color but not dark enough in shade, No. 22 is a dark gray 
and will supply the lack. 
Should none of these be what is desired, No. 17 may be tried 
for a green, No. 23 for a blend of green and brown, Nos. 24 and 
25 as browns. 
If after careful consideration none of the above colors are 
suitable, it will probably be found that one of the whites will be 
what is desired and for this purpose No. 4 which is a milk white, 
and No. 3 which is a blue white, will probably answer. 
A method for determining the color which is in successful use 
by many dentists is to determine what color predominates in the 
complexion first. They do this by laying the shade guide teeth, one 
at a time, against the cheek and determining which of the colors pre- 
sented there harmonizes best with the skin. They also determine 
which of the shades of that color is most harmonious. If this 
shade now be tried under the lip it will usually be found to pro- 
duce a very pleasing effect in combination with the rest of the 
face. 
In selecting teeth do not work too rapidly, but do not look 
too long at one time. Five seconds is as long as the vision is 
color true at one time. Many short trials are preferable to 
fewer long ones. The results from it are so very much more 
satisfactory than from less careful selection of teeth that it well 
repays the exercise of what little patience is required to learn this 
part of prosthetic work. 
30 COMPARATIVE SHADE CHART. 
For matching other shade guides with Twentieth Century Shades. To match a shade, locate the 
number of that shade under the name of the guide or ring. The nearest Twentieth Century shade 
will be found on the same line, first column to the right. Where two numbers are given the shade 
runs from the first toward the second. 
s s.w. 
H.D. 
C-D.M. 
Old T.C. 
S.S.W. T.C. 
Justi T.C. 
Co. T.C. 
Sibley T.C. 
J.&T. T.C. 
Ash T.C. 
Ring Ring 
Bar Ring 
Bar Ring 
Ring |Ring 
Ring Ring 
Ring Ring 
Ring Ring 
1 1 
26 1 
1 4-5 
51 3 
1 5 
0 1 
Bl 5 
2 1 
27 2 
2 8 
52 1 
2 10 
1 2 
B2 9 
3 2-3 
28 6 
3 8 
53 Dk-2 
3 Lt-15 
2 Lt-5 
B3 16 
4 Dk-12 
29 11 
4 7 
54 6 
4 15 
3 6 
B4 20 
5 Lt-12 
30 12 
5 16 
55 11 
5 Dk-15 
5 Lt-11 
B5 21 
6 13-18 
31 13 
6 Dk-16 
56 14 
6 12 
6 5 
Cl 6 
7 18 
32 14 
7 2 
57 12 
7 Dk-12 
8 Dk-15 
C2 2 
8 18-23 
33 18 
8 6 
58 13 
8 Dk-12 
10 9 
C3 Dk-3 
9 8 
34 4 
9 12 
59 18 
9 Dk-12 
11 11-13 
C5 12 
10 7 
35 5 
10 15 
60 4 
10 18 
12 9 
Dl ll-Lt-13 
11 9 
36 8 
11 13 
61 5 
11 Dk-6 
16 8 
D3 14 
12 10 
37 7 
12 22 
62 8 
12 7 
18 Lt-9 
D5 25 
13 Dk-16 
38 9 
13 9 
63 7 
13 16 
19 Dk-16 
El 13 
14 21 
39 10 
14 Dk-9 
64 9 
14 21 
20 22-25 
E3 14 
15 20 
40 15 
15 15 
65 10 
15 24 
30 7 
F5 23 
16 16-21 
41 16 
16 13 
66 Dk-9 
16 Dk-5 
32 13 
Fl 9 
17 22 
42 20 
17 14 
67 15 
17 8 
38 Lt-22 
F3 16 
18 24 
43 21 
18 24 
68 16 
18 7 
40 23 
F5 21 
19 Dk-15 
44 Lt-17 
19 Lt-17 
69 20 
19 2-9 
42 24 
G Dk-23 
20 25 
45 Dk-17 
20 Dk-17 
70 21 
20 15 
48 Dk-11 
H2 11 
21 24 
46 19 
21 Dk-20 
71 Lt-17 
21 9 
49 15 
H4 14 
22 Lt-17 
47 22 
22 23 
72 Dk-17 
22 17 
60 Lt-17 
NB1 4 
23 Dk-17 
48 23 
23 24 
73 19 
23 20 
61 Dk-17 
NB2 5 
24 19 
49 24 
24 25 
74 24 
24 Lt-20 
69 Lt-13 
NB3 7 
25 24 
50 25 
75 25 
25 21 
85 23 
XB1 Lt-6 
89 18-23 
XB3 9 
XB5 20 
The shades given here for guides other than Twentieth Century are approximate, since unavoid- 
able variations in sample shades of any manufacturer make exact matching difficult. 
31 The Twentieth Century 
Shade Guide 
No. 28 
Twenty-five teeth of one mould exhibiting the 25 shades 
in which all the products of The Dentists' Supply Co. are 
made. 
Bach tooth may be drawn out of the Guide, for selecting 
or matching shades. It may be turned in any desired direc- 
tion. 
The price of The Twentieth Century Shade Guide is 
$1.00. It may be had from leading dealers everywhere. 
For an analysis of the shades, see Chapter II of this book. 
32 CHAPTER III. 
Anatomical Moulds in Bicuspids and Molars. 
Up to March of 1909 anatomical moulds in molars and bicus- 
pids were not obtainable. In that month we introduced the first 
bicuspids ever commercially made which conformed to the re- 
quirements of articulation. 
What Anatomical Moulds Are. 
They are teeth shaped by the manufacturer so that the uppers 
and lowers articulate properly during lateral movements of the 
jaw. There is a difference between occlusion and articulation. 
Occlusion is the mere shutting of the teeth together with a 
straight up and down movement. Almost any forms of teeth 
can be made to occlude satisfactorily. Articulation consists in 
proper contact during the lateral masticating movements of the 
jaw. 
Teeth cannot be readily articulated by the dentist unless the 
manufacturer understands the requirements of articulation and 
shapes the teeth to conform to them. These requirements may be 
briefly outlined as follows: 
The teeth must be of the proper relative proportions 
throughout the upper and lower sets. 
(From The Dental Cosmos) 
No. 29 
When the upper and lower buccal cusps are interdigitated, as seen below 
the letter R, there should be a considerable rectangular space as here shown. 
Since only the food held in this space can be crushed, teeth which do not 
form such a space have little masticating power. 
33 Their occlusal surfaces must be so shaped as to main- 
tain proper articulation of the cusps of one set with the 
grooves of the opposing set during lateral movements. 
They must be so shaped that when the jaw is in lateral 
articulation, there shall exist between the occlusal surfaces of 
the uppers and lowers a satisfactory space for holding food. 
If this space, commonly referred to as "the rectangular 
groove" is not present, no food can be held between the teeth 
and of course none can be crushed. Certain manufacturers 
who have produced improved forms of teeth since the ana- 
tomical moulds were a proven success, have overlooked this 
Tact, and have produced forms which are not well suited to 
hold food for crushing. 
The cusps of opposing sets must be of the heights neces- 
sary to maintain grinding relations on one side of the mouth 
and "balancing relations" on the other side, at the same time, 
during lateral movements. 
INTERDIGITATE WITH 
LOWER BUCCAL CUSPS 
INTERDIGITATE WITH 
LOWER LINGUAL CUSPS 
THIS MEDIAN GROOVE FORMS A 
RECTANGULAR SPACE IN 
LATERAL OCCLUSION. 
INTERDIGITATE WITH " 
UPPER LINGUAL CUSPS 
INTERDIGITATE WITH 
UPPER BUCCAL CUSPS 
THE SHARP SULCI CATCH AND 
HOLD FOOD WITHOUT INCREASING 
THE DEPTH OF ARTICULATION 
No. 30 
Detailed formation of occlusal surfaces of one of the Anatomical Moulds of 
The Dentists' Supply Co. Every part of each surface is carved to exact 
articulation with those parts of the opposing teeth which antagonize it in 
occlusion and articulation. 
The cusps must have great grinding power. Because the 
cusps on the natural teeth of old people are worn flat, some 
manufacturers of teeth have thought that the cusps on arti- 
ficial teeth should be very flat also. There is no relation be- 
tween the two. The natural teeth are fixed in the jaw and 
may sometimes exert a pressure of 200 lbs. The artificial 
teeth are mounted on loose bases and exerr much less power. 
The artificial teeth should therefore have cusps sharp enough 
to grind the food with the exercise of small power. The 
occlusal surfaces of the anatomical moulds are just rounding 
enough to permit of easy articulation by the dentist and com- 
fortable use by the patient, while exhibiting good grinding 
power. 
34 No. 31 
Slightly enlarged view of occlusal surfaces of one of the Anatomical Moulds 
of The Dentists' Supply Co., showing detailed formation. When these 
teeth are placed in the position outlined in illustration No. 29, they form a 
large rectangular groove into which they lock the food. Here it is crushed. 
It is evident that teeth which are to conform to these require- 
ments must be carved to correct articulation, one set with the other, 
by the manufacturer. Improperly formed teeth cannot be ground 
to meet such requirements save in the crudest manner. It would 
demand such knowledge of forms, such skillful and patient technic 
and such expenditure of time as would make it impracticable, 
even at the hands of the most enthusiastic worker. 
Teeth Carved to Meet These Requirements. 
The anatomical moulds of The Dentists' Supply Company 
were carved with a knowledge of these requirements. The several 
teeth in the different sets are well proportioned. The occlusal 
surfaces are so sloped that the teeth may be set in the proper 
vertical relations to the ridge and have the occlusal surfaces in 
the proper planes. 
The uppers and lowers of each mould are carved to care- 
ful articulation one with the other, and may be articulated with 
very little grinding. Indeed, grinding with the stone is often un- 
necessary, and only the little high points caused by the flowing of 
the porcelain need to be reduced by the use of carborundum 
powder and oil. 
So carefully have the relations of the opposing occlusal sur- 
faces been effected that these teeth are more efficient in mastication 
than other porcelain teeth. They have distinct added value for the 
patient. 
35 The Question of Setting the Teeth. 
While the anatomical moulds offer the dentist the possibility 
of setting for articulation as now understood, they may be set 
for occlusion only, and the patient benefitted thereby. Many den- 
tists do not wish to set teeth for the lateral movements, but the 
jaw is almost sure to make lateral movements. It follows logi- 
cally that the better the teeth are suited to the lateral move- 
ments, the more efficient and pleasing the results will be to the 
patient. If the anatomical moulds are set in this way, the re- 
sults will be much better than if what we call "the old 
moulds" of teeth are used. 
For the dentist who wishes to use anatomical articulators and 
set the teeth for anatomical articulation, these moulds are partic- 
ularly well suited. They lend themselves to his every effort for 
masticating and balancing articulation. They require little or no 
grinding. And they afford the patient a pleasure and efficiency 
which has heretofore been unknown. 
Sizes in Anatomical Moulds. 
The anatomical moulds of The Dentists' Supply Company are 
made in five mesio-distal widths and two vertical lengths, as fol- 
lows : 
Mould 98, small upper bicuspids and molars, one side 27.5 m.m. wide 
" 97, " " " " " " " 29.5 
" 55, " " " " " " " 30. 
" 99, medium " " " " " " 31. " 
" 100, large " " " " " " 32.5 " 
" A50, same as mould 99, with longer bicuspids. 
" 93, same as mould 100, with longer bicuspids. 
Regularly Carded with Certain Anteriors. 
The demand for the anatomical bicuspids and molars almost 
instantly became so great as to largely replace what we call "the 
old moulds." We therefore selected from our long line of moulds, 
42 of the most popular upper vulcanite moulds, and the lower 
36 moulds which best articulate with them, and regularly "card" or 
furnish these 42 moulds with the anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
The numbers of these moulds are as follows: 
Upper mould 
2 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
15 
16 
Articulating lower 
39 
67 
39 
39 
67 
51 
A5 
51 
67 
A5 
67 
14 
67 
Upper mould 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
35 
36 
42 
44 
45 
47 
Articulating lower 
14 
14 
67 
39 
67 
67 
3 
39 
67 
14 
27 
103 
A5 
Upper mould 
48 
50 
51 
52 
65 
67 
68 
70 
78 
Articulating lower 
A5 
16 
67 
52 
51 
67 
14 
67 
78 
Upper mould 
87 
88 
89 
90 
93 
103 
104 
Articulating Lower 
87 
10 
67 
67 
93 
3 
103 
The 42 Upper Anterior Moulds and 13 Lowers. 
Careful observers in the profession and the dental trade have 
long been of the opinion that it is unnecessary for manufacturers 
to bewilder dentists by the seemingly endless list of moulds from 
which selection may be made. We manufacture hundreds of 
moulds of vulcanite teeth, as can be seen by a study of the pages 
of this book. Other manufacturers do likewise. 
It is, however, the experience of practically every tooth manu- 
facturer and dental depot that the greater proportion of teeth are 
selected by dentists from certain moulds, relatively few in number. 
One manufacturer states that 80% of his business is in five moulds. 
While such is not the case with us, the greater proportion of the 
business is confined to relatively few moulds. That is, these moulds 
are ordered again by the depots for their customers. They are, in 
tact, selected by the dentists themselves from among the many 
moulds, and are endorsed with continual favor as the best moulds. 
The ideal method of offering dentists teeth is to offer them, 
first of all, this line of selected moulds, with the assurance that they 
have long been found equal to practically all the demands of ordin- 
ary practice; and then to offer, as secondary, a longer line from 
which choice may be made if the first line is not sufficient. 
We have done this. The dentists and depots have selected 
from our hundreds of moulds 42 upper vulcanite moulds and enough 
lower vulcanite moulds to articulate with them. We card these 
moulds regularly with anatomical bicuspids and molars, so that it is 
not necessary, when ordering them, to specify anatomical moulds. 
The dimensions of these upper moulds form Table No. 1. 
37 Advantages to You. 
You are assured, first of all, that these moulds have been found 
best by hundreds of dentists, through a number of years. You 
know at once that selections from these moulds represent the best 
selections possible. You are spared search through many moulds 
with less desirable characteristics. 
You have other advantages. We have long been persuading 
depots to confine the bulk of their tooth stocks to these moulds 
and carry all the shades. Many depots are complying. Any de- 
pot will comply when assured that its customers desire it. If you 
make your selections from these 42 moulds, your dealer will all 
the more willingly keep them in stock in all shades. You are, 
therefore, more likely to find just what you want at hand when 
wanted, than if the depot stock is divided among hundreds of 
moulds, some of which move but slowly. It will, therefore, be to 
your own advantage to make selections from these moulds, so far as 
possible. 
Our other vulcanite moulds may be had with anatomical bicus- 
pids and molars, on special order, and with some little delay. But 
they are not regularly carded with anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
38 CHAPTER IV. 
Assortments in Vulcanite Teeth. 
These assortments are specially selected office stocks. They are 
offered in the following quantities: 
No. 610, equivalent to n x 14 
" 710, " " 28 x 14 
" IOIO, " " 58 x 14 
" I2IO, " " 116x14 
They differ from these quantities of teeth as ordinarily selected 
in that the teeth are arranged in partial sets, that is in sets of 6 
teeth for the upper and lower anteriors and of 8 teeth for the 
upper and lower posteriors. 
These assortments offer to the dentist advantages of great im- 
portance. 
Advantages. 
A much wider range of moulds and shades in anteriors is se- 
cured, than when full sets are purchased. If, for instance, Assort- 
ment 1010 were purchased in full sets of 14 teeth each, there 
would not be more than 40 uppers and 18 lowers. Assortment 
1010 contains 61 sets of upper anteriors and 21 sets of lower an- 
39 teriors. It is for the anterior teeth only that a wide range of 
moulds is necessary. The assortments make it possible to properly 
fit many more cases than would the same quantity of teeth in full 
sets. The Assortments contain anteriors as follows: 
No. 610 (equivalent to 11x14) 10x6 uppers, 5 x 6 lowers. 
" 710 ( " " 28x14) 30x6 " 10x6 " 
" 1010 ( " " 58x14) 61x6 " 21x6 " 
" 1210 ( " " 116x14) 122x6 " 42x6 " 
The moulds and shades comprising these assortments have been 
selected by the profession at large. They are those moulds and 
shades which have been most frequently re-ordered by dentists and 
have been thus practically stamped with approval. 
The proportions of upper and lower anteriors and of anteriors 
to posteriors have been determined in the same manner. These 
Assortments have found welcome places in thousands of offices 
and the relative numbers of teeth have met with general com- 
mendation. 
Bicuspids and Molars, slightly enlarged 
The Bicuspids and Molars 
are in the anatomical moulds of The Dentists' Supply Co. In 
Assortment 610, only two of these moulds can be included because 
of the small number of teeth in the Assortment., In Assortment 
No. 710, three of these moulds are included. In Assortment 
1010, 4 are included. In Assortment 1210, the larger number of 
teeth permits including all five moulds. 
Directions for the combinations of anteriors with the different 
moulds of posteriors are given in The Articulation Chart which 
accompanies each Assortment. But the dentist is further benefited 
by being able to make such combinations of anteriors and posteriors 
as any unusual conditions in the case may require. 
40 Assortment 610 
Assortment 610 
tear SSsSl'1 v3 Ir 
rhis arrangement is believed to be the best possible in this quantity. 
kAn articulation chart like this accompanies each assortment.) 
ARTICULATION CHART FOR ASSORTMENT 610 
HOW TO ARTICULATE ANTERIORS 
Upper moulds 4-19-22-36-90 and 67 with lower 67 
" 5 and 35 with lower 39 
" 9 with lower A5 
SUGGESTED COMBINATIONS OF ANTERIORS AND POSTERIORS 
Upper Anteriors 4-22-36-67 with posteriors of mould 97 
" " 5-9-19-35-51 " " " 99 
The lower bicuspids and molars should be of the same mould number as the uppers 
HOW TO SHADE IN BICUSPIDS AND MOLARS 
Anteriors of shades 8 and 10 with posteriors of shade 7 
7 and 9 " " " 16 or 20 
" " 11-13-14 " " " 14 
" " 16 and 20 " " " 20 
41 Upper and lower bicuspids and molars of the same mould num- 
ber should always be chosen for any given case. Upper bicuspids 
and molars No. 99, for instance, articulate with lower bicuspids 
and molars No. 99, but not at all with lower bicuspids and molars 
Nos. 97-98 or 100. 
Directions for Articulating the Teeth 
are furnished with each Assortment in the form of an Articula- 
tion Chart. This chart explains how to select upper and lower 
anteriors to articulate together, how to combine anteriors and pos- 
teriors and how to secure more pleasing color effects than would 
otherwise be possible. The Articulation Chart for Assortment 
1210 is here given to illustrate the practical value of this informa- 
tion. 
ARTICULATION CHART FOR ASSORTMENT 
1210. 
HOW TO ARTICULATE ANTERIORS 
Upper Moulds 15-18-42-52-68 With Lower 14 
" " 44 " " 27 
" " 4-7-11-13-16-19-21-22-36-51-67-70-89-90 " " 67 
" " 2-5-6-20-35 " " 39 
" " 8-10-65 " " 51 
" " 9-12-47 " " A5 
" " 23-103 " " 3 
" " 45-104 " " 103 
" " 50 " " A50 
" " 78 " " 78 
" " 87 " " 87 
" " 88 " " 10 
" " 48 " " 19 
" " 93 " " 93 
SUGGESTED COMBINATIONS OF ANTERIORS AND POSTERIORS 
Upper Anteriors 15-18-42-44-52-68-70 With Posterior Mould 98 
" " 13-16-21-36-89 " " " 55 
" " 4-11-22-67 " " " 97 
" " 2-5-6-7-8-9-12-19-20-23-35-47-48 
51-65-88-90-103 " " " 99 
" " 10-45-78-87-104 " " " 100 
" " 50-93 " " " A50 
HOW TO SHADE IN BICUSPIDS AND MOLARS 
Anteriors of Shades 4-5-6-8-9-10 With Posteriors of Shade 7 
" " 11-13-14 " " " 14 
" " 17 (dark) " " " 17 
" " 7-15-16 " " " 20 
" " 20-21 " " " 21 
" " 21 " " " 25 
42 A Wide Range of Shades in Anteriors. 
It is just as much of an advantage to have a wide range of 
shades at hand as it is to have a wide range of moulds. It is evi- 
dent that the greater the proportion of anteriors in any given 
quantity of teeth, the wider the range of shades made possible. In 
the larger assortments it is possible to have more than one mould 
in the most popular shades, so that the stock may be used for 
more cases without being depleted. 
When vulcanite teeth are purchased in quantities of 28 x 14, 
58 x 14, or 116 x 14 and in full sets, the number of shades in 
anteriors is limited by the relatively great proportion of posterior 
teeth present. But in these Assortments, fewer posterior teeth are 
present and the number of shades may be increased. Thus in As- 
sortment 710, equivalent to 28 x 14, there are among the upper ante- 
riors 3 x 6 of shade 5, 3 x 6 of shade 6, 4 x 6 of shade 7, 3 x 6 of 
shade 8, 4 x 6 of shade 9, and 3 x 6 of shade 10, to say nothing of 
the darker shades 13-14-15-16 and 20. 
In Assortment 1010, equivalent to 58 x 14, there is the follow- 
ing wide range of moulds and shades in the upper anteriors: 2x6 
shade 4:5x6 shade 6:7x7 shade 7:6x6 shade 8:7x6 shade 9: 
5x6 shade 10:3x6 shade 11:3x6 shade 13:3x6 shade 14: 
4x6 shade 15:4x6 shade 16:4x6 shade 20:1x6 shade 21: 
1x6 shade 24. 
In Assortment 1210 equivalent to 116 x 14 the range of moulds 
and shades is still greater. 
43 Assortment 710 
The equivalent of 28 x 14 teeth in Twentieth Century porcelain moulds and shades. Selected to 
give the greatest service, the best articulation and the most natural shading. Furnished in Twentieth 
Century Teeth, Dentsply Combination Sets, Solila Combination Sets and Dentsply Vulcanite Teeth, 
the mould numbers being the same in all these forms. 
44 Assortment 1010 
(5 illustrations, of which this is No. 1) 
The equivalent of 58x14 teeth in Twentieth Century porcelain moulds and shades. Selected to 
give the greatest service, the best articulation and the most natural shading. Furnished in Twentieth 
Century Teeth, Dentsply Combination Sets, Solila Combination Sets and Dentsply Vulcanite Teeth, 
the mould numbers being the same in all these forms. 
(5 illustrations of which this is No. 2) 
45 Assortment 1010 
(Continued) 
(5 illustrations, of which this is No. 3) 
The Lower Anteriors 
(5 illustrations, of which this is No. 4) 
46 Assortment 1010 
(Continued) 
(5 illustrations, of which this is No. 5) 
Advantageous Color Effects in Posteriors. 
These Assortments make easily possible color effects in dentures 
which cannot otherwise be gotten without much trouble. This is 
done by the use of bicuspids of darker shades than the anteriors. 
If a full denture is made of teeth all of one shade, it appears 
unnatural because the color is either too dark for the front of the 
mouth or too light for the back of the mouth. Dentists have 
sought to overcome this defect by breaking up several full sets of 
teeth to get teeth for one denture. This is time consuming and ex- 
pensive. 
In these Assortments, the bicuspids are darker in shade than 
the anteriors but harmonious with them. When the anteriors have 
been selected, it is only necessary to select the posteriors of proper 
size and of the shade in the Articulation Chart, as harmonious with 
that shade of anteriors. The result will be that the teeth in the 
posterior part of the mouth will be darker than those in front, and 
the denture will be much more natural in appearance than will 
otherwise be the case. 
47 Anteriors of shades 4-5-6-8-9-10 may be used with posteriors of 
shade 7. 
Anteriors of shades 11-13 with posteriors of shade 14. 
Anteriors of shades 7-15-16 with posteriors of shade 20. 
This possibility of easily securing pleasing color effects has com- 
mended these Assortments to many dentists. They would not now 
willingly be without the means of securing such effects. 
Economic Advantages. 
The dentist who has one of these Assortments on hand reaps 
certain economic advantages, as follows: 
The teeth are at hand for instant use. This often effects an 
economy in time which is equal in value to the cost price of the 
teeth. The depot may be closed, or it may be temporarily out of 
that mould in that shade. At any rate, it takes time to send, even 
if the depot be in the same building. Sometimes it is advisable to 
rush a case for certain patients. Then every moment counts. 
Having the teeth at hand certainly saves time. 
The dentist makes his own selection. That dentist who desires 
to keep his reputation at the front, will recognize that no one but 
himself should select teeth for his patients. No one else can select 
so well as he. 
If the teeth are at hand, it is easy to quickly shape up a base 
plate, or to shape an impression into the form of a temporary 
base plate and mount on it the teeth he has selected and try them in 
the mouth. Size, outline, color and shade may then be finally settled 
on to the satisfaction of all concerned. If the first set is found unde- 
sirable, the second may be quickly substituted. Thus one sitting 
may be made to do what has often spoiled two sittings. 
Fewer teeth are lost. If teeth are bought in full sets of 14, 
the necessities of practice require breaking many sets, sometimes 
for the use of only 3 or 4 teeth. There gradually accumulates a 
stock of odd teeth whose working value is less than they cost, es- 
pecially when it is remembered that miscellaneous teeth may be 
bought at less cost than full sets, if many are to be used. 
48 These Assortments are arranged in partial sets, so that it is 
not necessary to break a full 14, but either a set of 6 or a set of 8 
can be broken. The proportions of anteriors and posteriors have 
been so carefully worked out, that practically no dead stock 
accumulates. This saving will be appreciated by the careful dentist. 
Filling in the used teeth. In order to keep the stock up to its 
full working value, teeth should be ordered to replace those used, 
before the Assortment is depleted. Arrangements can easily be 
made with the depot to do this at the same price as teeth in full 
sets. The mould and shade numbers can be determined from the 
wax. 
The economic advantages from Assortments 1010 and 1210 are 
greater than those from Assortments 710 and 610 because the 
range of moulds and shades is greater and the stock of any given 
mould in a given shade is larger and not so quickly exhausted. 
Anatomical Moulds in the Assortments. 
The bicuspids and molars in the vulcanite tooth assortments of 
The Dentists' Supply Company are anatomical in form. In the 
larger assortments, Nos. 1010 and 1210, moulds 97-98-55-99-100 
are present in sufficient quantities to form a most valuable office 
stock. 
Anatomical Moulds in Several Forms of Teeth. 
The anatomical moulds are offered in 
Dentsply Platinum Pin Teeth, plain vulcanite, 
Dentsply Combination Sets, plain vulcanite, 
Solila Combination Sets, pinless posteriors, 
Twentieth Century Teeth, all pin, plain vulcanite, 
Twentieth Century Combination Sets, plain vulcanite. 
49 CHAPTER V. 
The Twentieth Century Principle in Tooth Making. 
The Twentieth Century principle is that it is more scientific and 
efficient to solder in tooth pins than to bake them in. It is based 
on the fact that baking platinum pins into porcelain teeth cracks 
the porcelain, often to such an extent as to weaken the tooth. Also 
on the fact that the baking of the porcelain to the pins unfits the 
tooth to oppose all its strength to the stress of mastication. The 
Twentieth Century principle bakes the platinum into the tooth in 
such form that it cannot fracture the porcelain, and solders the 
pins to the platinum after the porcelain is baked. It attaches the 
pins to the tooth in such way that the tooth may oppose its great- 
est strength to the stress of mastication. Both of these practices 
were perfected and applied by The Dentists' Supply Company and 
are exhibited only in Twentieth Century Teeth and Solila Teeth. 
How Platinum Came to Be Used for Tooth Pins. 
Three important reasons controlled the selection of platinum 
for tooth pins: 
i. It was the only 
metal which would 
endure the rather 
crude methods of 
tooth manufacture in 
vogue when it was 
selected. 
2. Most of the 
porcelain teeth of that 
day, were soldered to 
metal plates. Plati- 
num pins were neces- 
sary for the soldering 
process. 
3. Platinum was cheap, and the pins could be large without 
increasing the cost of the teeth. It is now dear and the pins are 
smaller and weaker. 
Section of platinum pin vulcanite tooth made in the days 
when platinum pins were large. The porcelain is broken along 
the entire length of the pin embedded in porcelain. 
No. 32 
50 The Chemistry of the Mouth Played no Part. 
Among those dentists who still prefer platinum pin teeth, the 
statement is common, "No metal other than platinum will withstand 
the oral fluids." And they think that platinum was selected for 
tooth pins because of its resistance to the fluids. Such is not the 
case. The.chemistry of the oral secretions was not nearly so well 
known then as it is to-day. There is no reason to suppose that 
any consideration of the oral fluids played the slightest part in the 
selection of platinum for tooth pins. This is all the more likely 
because the men who selected platinum were the manufacturers, and 
platinum was selected for manufacturing reasons. They would 
doubtless have been willing to select any other material which 
would have withstood equally well their manufacturing processes. 
Platinum Advances in Price. 
With the passing of the years and the demand for platinum 
increased and the supply decreased, the price advanced, somewhat 
as shown in illustration No. 33 until in 1912, the price reached 
$46 per ounce, or approximately 12 times what it had been when 
its use in tooth pins began. Platinum pins became very expensive. 
Farsighted men, anticipating the advances in the price of plati- 
num, began some years ago, a search for a substitute which could 
be used as tooth pins. No one found the substitute metal, but a 
plan was devised for the use of platinum in different form and 
smaller quantities during the process of baking the teeth, and the 
attachment of pins of other metals after the baking was complete. 
This avoided the exposure of the pins to the great heat required to 
bake the teeth. 
The Dentists' Supply Company, after a long period of experi- 
mentation, successfully applied the method to the commercial manu- 
facture of teeth. 
The method, thus perfected, consisted in shaping platinum into 
the form of a split ring, with a flange at one end, and baking two 
of these rings, commonly called "anchorages" into the tooth in 
such positions that after the baking of the porcelain was completed, 
pins could be inserted into the openings in the centre of the rings 
or anchorages, and soldered there at a lower heat than the baking 
of the porcelain required. 
51 No. 33 
52 The Inventors Builded Better Than They Knew 
The great thought 
of the inventors was 
that they could offer 
to the profession 
teeth with large, 
strong pins, which 
could be sold at low- 
er prices than plati- 
num teeth were even 
then commanding. 
But, as often hap- 
pens they solved at 
the same time, other 
problems quite as 
important as that 
which formed the 
object of their 
search. For they 
solved the problem 
of baking perfect 
porcelain teeth 
and also the 
problem of enabling 
the tooth to oppose 
its entire strength 
to stress. 
What Microscopic Inspection of Teeth Reveals. 
If teeth be ground by hand on suitable stones, polished on 
Arkansas stones stained in fuchsin, and examined under a 
microscope, a number of important facts can be determined. 
The first great fact is that it is impossible to bake solid platinum 
pins into high fusing porcelain without rendering many of the 
Section of an "old time" platinum pin vulcanite tooth. 
Porcelain shattered on both sides of pin from inside head 
to surface of tooth. 
No. 34 
Section of Twentieth Century Tooth showing anchorage with 
porcelain perfectly fused about it. Pin soldered to anchorage. 
Depression at inner end of anchorage is where solder lay before it 
drew up about pin. Magnified 10 diameters. 
No. 35 
53 teeth imperfect. It is the experience of every manufacturer of 
platinum pin teeth, that a considerable proportion of the teeth 
are visibly imperfect. And it is now known that many which are 
apparently free from defects when seen by the naked eye, are im- 
perfect when seen through the microscope. 
The internal defects, as revealed by the microscope, vary from 
a small crack about the internal head of the pin to a series of 
cracks extending in all directions, and seriously weakening the 
tooth. Micro-photographs of these different forms of cracks in the 
porcelain will be found in illustrations Nos. 32 and 34. The easy 
failure of many platinum pin teeth in service is doubtless accounted 
for by the fact that in those teeth the cracks were extensive and 
greatly reduced the resisting power of the tooth. 
The Cracks in Teeth Made Years Ago. 
It is not uncommon to hear dentists say, ''But the teeth I bought 
years ago did not have such cracks. They gave good service." 
This is merely another illustration of the fact that memory retains 
some experiences while rejecting others. In the teeth of years ago, 
the pins were large and the cracks were numerous. For it seems 
to be the rule that the cracks in the tooth are almost exactly in 
proportion to the size of the mass of platinum baked in. In other 
words, the baking in of large masses of platinum causes many 
cracks; the baking in of smaller masses causes fewer cracks. Illus- 
trations Nos. 32 and 34 are made from platinum pin teeth of years 
ago. And while the manufacturer and dentists knew nothing of 
the existence of such cracks, they were present as here shown, and 
they reduced the strength of the teeth in direct proportion to 
their number and size. 
How the Anchorages Avoid Cracking the Porcelain. 
They are split rings and have neither the expanding nor con- 
tracting power of the solid platinum pins. They cannot push the 
porcelain away as they expand. They cannot resist its contraction 
during baking, and they cannot pull it out of position as it cools, 
all of which the solid platinum pins do. The anchorage is split on 
one side to destroy its expanding and contracting power. The ex- 
panding and contracting power of the porcelain is then superior 
to that of the anchorage, and governs its movements. As the 
54 porcelain contracts in vitrifying, it forces the anchorage to contract. 
And in most Twentieth Century teeth examined under a microscope, 
the anchorage which was slightly opened before baking, is found 
wholly closed as the result of its forcing together by the contracting 
porcelain. 
The result of the controlling action of the porcelain is that the 
porcelain is not cracked during cooling and bakes perfectly about 
the anchorage. Twentieth Century Teeth are thus perfect inter- 
nally, the very location where platinum pin teeth are so often 
imperfect. 
The Merits of Platinum Pins and Composition Pins. 
But the whole question is by no means solved with the baking 
in of the anchorages. There comes then the question of what 
pins are best. And here the Twentieth Century principle de- 
parted successfully from the use of platinum as pins. 
With the advances in the price of platinum, the prices of teeth in 
which it was used as pins have advanced and the pins have 
grown very much smaller. Pure platinum is too soft 
for tooth pins. It must be alloyed with iridium. It is very diffi- 
cult to alloy the platinum evenly and sometimes a brittleness of the 
pin wire results which causes the pins to fail under very slight 
strains. Even when alloyed with that proportion of iridium which 
gives best results, the pins are soft. They stretch and bend, and 
the heads are easily marred. 
The pins in Twentieth Century teeth are not subjected to the 
heat of baking the porcelain, so it is possible to use pins of 
materials which do not exhibit so many defects. This material 
being less expensive, the pins can be made larger and stronger. A 
high fusing composition is employed. Pins made of it are soldered 
to the anchorages. They have been in constant use for fourteen 
years. Teeth containing more than 100 millions of these pins have 
been supplied to the dental profession. They have rendered better 
average service than any other porcelain teeth. And after this 
long and extensive trial, they are to-day more popular than ever 
before. 
The Mechanical Advantages of Soldering in the Pins. 
Even the largest artificial tooth is but a small object to resist 
the heavy and oft repeated strains to which it is subjected in masti- 
55 cation. In anterior teeth that strain may be of 50 or 60 pounds 
repeated hundreds of times daily. In posterior teeth it may be 
much greater. And it is important that each tooth shall be con- 
structed in such way as to exhibit its greatest strength. The prac- 
tice of baking the pins into the porcelain prohibits the tooth from 
exhibiting its entire strength. The method of soldering in the 
pins permits the tooth to exhibit its full strength. The soldering-in 
method is therefore mechanically superior. 
Illustrations Nos. 36 and 37 show the directions from which an 
upper incisor receives masticatory strain. Illustration A shows a 
No. 36 
Section of plate and baked-in pin tooth 
showing porcelain attached to pin. 
A-B is the direction in which the tooth must move. 
No. 37 
Section of plate and Twentieth Century- 
Tooth. Porcelain dips down and is 
not in direct contact with the pin. 
tooth with a baked-in pin. Strain from the lower teeth forces the 
tooth in the direction of the line A-B, with the result that the 
force is brought to bear first on the tiny right angles of the porce- 
lain adjacent to the pin, here marked C and D. The angle C being 
small and incapable of either bending or of withstanding the strain, 
usually breaks. And the pin is torn away from the porcelain at 
the point D. The tooth thus materially weakened, falls a prey to 
some of the succeeding strains, perhaps when the patient is "eating 
soft bread." 
In Twentieth Century and Solila Teeth, the porcelain does not 
lie in contact with the pin at the points C and D, but dips down 
before it reaches the pin, leaving a small open space about each 
pin. The pin is nowhere attached directly to the porcelain, but only 
to the anchorage. During the process of vulcanizing, the little 
space about the pin is filled with vulcanite, which forms a relatively 
soft cushion to ease off any strains to which the tooth may be 
subjected. 
56 The pins are attached 
to the porcelain 
through the anchor- 
ages, which have been 
purposely located in 
the strongest part of 
the tooth. Any strain 
to which the tooth is 
subjected, is therefore 
not opposed by tiny 
portions of the tooth, 
but by the whole body 
of the tooth itself. 
This form of construc- 
tion undoubtedly ac- 
counts for a part of that superior strength which Twentieth Century 
teeth have exhibited in practice. 
Baked-in Composition Pin Teeth. 
When the success of Twentieth Century teeth was seen to be 
assured and seriously threatened the business of manufacturers of 
platinum pin teeth, several makers rushed into the market with 
teeth designed to stem the tide of Twentieth Century tooth success. 
These substitutes generally consisted of teeth with base metal pins 
baked into the porcelain. They were foredoomed to failure, be- 
cause platinum is the only metal so far discovered which can be 
successfully baked into teeth of high fusing porcelain. 
Those manufacturers who baked base metal pins into teeth of 
high fusing porcelain, found the pins so badly oxidized by the heat 
of baking, and by certain chemical changes which occur in the bak- 
ing, as to have little tensile strength. However, the teeth were 
put on the market, but within a few years were discarded by those 
members of the profession who insisted upon serviceability in the 
teeth. Some manufacturers lowered the fusing points of their 
porcelain to where the pins could withstand the heat, and still make 
these teeth for dentists whose sole interest in teeth consists in buy- 
ing them at the lowest possible price. 
After 14 years of continuous manufacture, Twentieth Century 
teeth are approved by more dentists and enjoy a larger sale than 
ever before. 
Section of tooth with baked-in composition pins, magnified 
10 diameters. Heat required to fuse porcelain has oxidized 
pin. Gas bubbles plainly show. This is by no means the 
worst specimen in our collection. 
No. 38 
57 CHAPTER VI 
Solila Teeth 
are offered as an improvement on platinum pin teeth for vulcanite 
work at lower prices. 
They have pure gold pins soldered to platinum anchorages in 
the same way that Twentieth Century pins are. These pins are 
strengthened by central cores of regular Twentieth Century pin 
metal. The cores are entirely covered by the gold, except some- 
times a small spot in the centre of the head. Thus only pure gold 
is exposed to the oral fluids. 
Solila teeth offer the following advantages over platinum pin 
teeth; 
The pins are at least 80% stronger than the platinum pins 
common to vulcanite teeth of to-day. 
The porcelain in the teeth has not been subjected to the shat- 
tering action of solid platinum pins. It is therefore perfect and 
is capable of resisting greater stress. 
The mechanical construction is such as to enable the tooth 
to oppose its entire strength to stress. The porcelain does not 
lie in contact with the pins where they emerge from the tooth. 
A little space is left about each pin. Into this the vulcanite 
enters and forms a cushion which "eases off" strains upon the 
tooth. The strain is not borne by small and weak parts of the 
tooth, as in baked-in pin teeth, but is carried at once to the 
strongest part of the tooth. The tooth, thus opposing its entire 
strength to the strain, is less likely to break. 
As less platinum is used in the manufacture of these teeth 
and gold is now less expensive than platinum, they can be sold 
at lower prices than platinum pin teeth. 
They are, therefore, offered as substitutes for platinum pin 
teeth at lower prices. The moulds and shades are the same as 
in Twentieth Century teeth. 
58 CHAPTER VII 
Artificial Tooth Terms. 
An Understanding of Them Is Important 
to Every Dentist. 
All our tooth products are made of porcelain, the elements of 
which are mined from the earth, selected with great care, purified 
and ground to a powder. This powder is' then mixed with metallic 
oxides which, when baked, yield the shades seen in the natural teeth. 
The powder thus shaded is moistened and packed into moulds 
shaped like natural teeth and baked at a temperature approximat- 
ing 2700 degrees Fahr. 
In the descriptions of artificial teeth several terms are used, the 
meaning of which should be perfectly clear. They are Translu- 
cency, Strength, Shades and Moulds. 
Translucency. 
If you examine carefully a number of makes of artificial teeth 
you will notice that there is a decided difference in the appearance 
of the porcelains. Some appear very opaque. That is, they look 
like the porcelain of a dish. The light does not enter into the sur- 
face. You cannot seem to see into the porcelain. On the other 
hand, some porcelains appear quite translucent. They admit light 
to the outer layers. It seems as if you could see farther into them 
than into the opaque porcelains. 
Translucency is very important in artificial teeth. These teeth 
must often set beside translucent natural teeth. If the porcelain be 
opaque it will appear dead beside the natural teeth, no matter how 
carefully the colors are matched. A mere glance at the mouth will 
show that some of the teeth are artificial. 
The artificial porcelain imitates nature in proportion as it is 
translucent. This renders artificial teeth or crowns made of trans- 
lucent porcelain very difficult of detection. It makes artistic work 
possible where the mere lack of translucency would defeat it. 
59 Twentieth Century porcelain is the most translucent porcelain 
ever offered to the dental profession. You seem to see right into 
the outer layers of teeth composed of it. The light is not reflected 
as from a dead surface. When well selected teeth and crowns of 
Twentieth Century porcelain are placed in the mouth and kept moist 
beside the natural teeth, it is difficult to detect them. 
The translucency of teeth is greatly affected by the amount of 
glaze. Porcelains glazed to a shiny finish have a glass-like appear- 
ance. The finish of Twentieth Century Teeth closely simulates 
that of the natural teeth. They are glazed neither too little which 
would make them appear dead, nor too much which would make 
them appear glassy. The above qualities are very valuable in secur- 
ing good results, and we commend them to your careful attention. 
Strength. 
Strength is an important factor in the success of a porcelain. 
It depends on several things. First, the elements of which the 
porcelain is made must be right. They must be selected with 
intelligence and care. The selected elements must be manipulated 
properly. The grinding, mixing with flux, and baking must be 
performed in exactly the correct manner or all the care which has 
been previously exerted will be lost. 
In the selection of materials and their manipulation, Twentieth 
Century porcelain receives a care and skill which are not surpassed 
and, we believe, not equalled. We believe it is stronger than any 
other porcelain offered the dental profession. It will withstand as 
much strain as an artificial tooth should receive. 
Shades. 
When the porcelain elements have been properly selected and 
ground they must be shaded. Shades are obtained by using metallic 
oxides which develop the desired colors at a very high temperature. 
Here the selection must be as careful and intelligent as in select- 
ing the other porcelain elements. Only those metallic oxides which 
will produce colors similar to those found in natural teeth may be 
used, and from among these must be selected those which yield 
stable colors. 
So carefully is this process of selection conducted that the 
colors in Twentieth Century Porcelain almost exactly reproduce 
those found in the natural teeth. 
60 When just the right colors have been secured, they must be 
properly blended. Here it is that art manifests itself. No natural 
tooth is all one color but in the various parts may exhibit either 
several different colors or several different shades of the same 
color. For instance, nearly all teeth show some shade of yellow 
at the cervical end.- The middle third of the tooth may show a 
gray or a blue or a yellow, while the tip may show a very light 
yellow, a very light blue or white. 
Twentieth Century colors are so artistically placed that the 
finished teeth show the variations common to the natural teeth. 
Moulds. 
Twentieth Century Moulds are obtained by careful study of 
the natural teeth and adapting the information so gained to prac- 
tical use. Natural teeth present a thousand variations in different 
individuals, but these variations seem to centre about ideal forms 
which find expression but rarely. 
Twentieth Century Teeth seek to produce the ideal forms for 
which nature strives. It is sometimes stated that the moulds of arti- 
ficial teeth are not sufficiently natural. If by naturalness it is in- 
tended to express the variations from the general form which are 
seen in individual mouths, there is some truth in this statement. 
The experiment of exactly reproducing natural teeth has been 
thoroughly tried. Artificial teeth have been made which exactly 
reproduced the variations seen in individual mouths. They proved 
a complete failure. No dentist would buy them. 
The general term "Mould" deals with the shape of the various 
parts of the tooth, but that each part may be accurately described, 
particular terms are necessary. These are "length," "width," "out- 
line," "thickness," "bite," "shut," and "ridge-lap." 
Length. 
The length of a tooth is the distance from the cut- 
ting edge to the neck in an anterior, and from the tip 
of buccal cusps to the neck in the posterior. 
The length of the anterior teeth largely determines 
the artistic results achieved by a plate. 
That part of the plate exposed in laughing should be teeth when 
the proportions of lip and ridge permit it. Cases often present in 
61 which the patient lifts the lips in laughing so as to expose a very 
considerable area of the ridge. In such cases the length of the an- 
teriors should receive careful consideration in order that as much 
of the exposed part of the plate may be occupied by teeth as is con- 
sistent with artistic results. i 
Other cases present in which the teeth are required to set 
almost entirely under the ridge, not lapping it at all. Still other 
cases show marked absorption. Here the dentist must choose 
between moulds of very different lengths. 
So important is the matter of length of the centrals that the 
moulds have been classified as "short," "medium" and "long," by 
the lengths of the centrals. 
Width. 
The width is as important as the length. In select- 
ing vulcanite teeth, however, it is less important to note 
the width of individual anteriors than the width of the 
six anteriors taken together. It is the anteriors as a 
whole which, when exposed, show harmony with the 
face or lack of it. Twentieth Century Anteriors are so well propor- 
tioned that when six of the right width have been selected the widths 
of the individual teeth rarely require attention. 
The width of the full 14 is important, as has been explained 
in the Twentieth Century Method. 
In some cases it will be desired to use given anteriors, but to 
make the 14 wider or narrower. This may be done by selecting 
posteriors of different widths which harmonize with the given an- 
teriors. 
Thickness. 
This is the linguo-labial diameter of an anterior tooth and the 
linguo-buccal diameter of a posterior. 
Both thick and thin moulds have their uses. If a ridge be thick, 
the thick moulds will often be found to suit it better and to permit 
the pins to extend further lingually. Note for instance Mould 52. 
For so short a mould it is quite thick. The outline illustration 
shows how far lingually the pins reach. Note how 
different Mould 27 is in this respect. 
When it is desired to have little bulk to lingual, 
the thin moulds are valuable. 
Mould 
52. 
Mould 
27. 
62 Outline. 
The outline of an artificial tooth is the continuous curve formed 
by the incisal edge, the approximal surfaces and the neck. It may 
vary greatly in teeth having the same length and width as in moulds 
5 and 23 shown herewith. The curves may be flat in one and round- 
ing in another. For a patient having flat curves in the face, or 
narrow chin, an artificial tooth having flat approximal 
curves and a narrow neck should be selected. For 
one having rounding curves or plump features, teeth 
having rounder approximal surfaces and more bulging 
labial surfaces are indicated. A careful examination of the outline 
curves as shown under each mould will indicate the harmony between 
the curves in that mould and any desired face which may be chosen. 
The length and width of an artificial tooth is determined mechan- 
ically by the Twentieth Century Method, but the outline must be 
left to the dentist's artistic judgment. 
Setting Teeth on the Bonwill Circle. 
The width of the six anteriors on the denture will vary some- 
what according to the circle on which they are set. The measure- 
Mould 
5. 
Mould 
23. 
Bonwill circle for plain upper moulds 
2-6-7-8-9-10-22-26-28-29-35-38-44-56-65-66-71-76-70-81-88-92 
63 ments here given are for the width of the anteriors and full fourteen 
when set on the Bonwill circle. 
To make a Bonwill circle, construct an equilateral triangle hav- 
ing sides four inches long. Draw a line from the apex to the centre 
of the base. Learn the combined width of the central, lateral and 
cuspid. With a pair of compasses take this width as a radius. 
Place one point of the compass at C and mark the line CD at E. 
With the same radius and E as a centre draw a circle through C 
and for some distance on each side. 
With the same radius, place one point of the compass at C and 
mark the circle just drawn at F and G. Draw a line from G to A 
and from F to B. The line FCG represents the curve on which the 
cutting edges of anteriors having that width should be set. The 
lines AG and BF represent the line of the buccal cusps of the pos- 
terior teeth. 
It will often be found helpful to fashion a curve of this sort 
for setting the anteriors. 
64 CHAPTER VIII 
TABLE NO. 1 
Plain Vulcanite Upper Moulds 
WITH ANATOMICAL BICUSPIDS AND MOLARS 
ARRANGED BY SIZE. 
This table exhibits the plain vulcanite upper moulds in 
Twentieth Century, Solila and Dentsply teeth, which regularly com- 
prise anatomical bicuspids and molars. For plain vulcanite upper 
moulds not regularly comprising anatomical bicuspids and molars, see 
Table No. 2. 
Twentieth Century, Solila, and Dentsply Vulcanite teeth are made 
in the same moulds and with the same mould numbers. 
The several dimensions are grouped in the order of their relative 
importance, from left to right. 
SHORT MOULDS. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
X © 14 S X H X (MS 14 
Mould No. 
8^ 
8^ 
8^ 
9 
9 
9K 
9^ 
9% 
9 
9% 
9^ 
9% 
Length 
39 
40 
45 
41 
42 
43 
41 
42 
43 
45 
44 
48 
Approx, 
width 6 
anteriors 
set on 
Bon will 
Circle 
94 
95 
100 
96 
97 
102 
96 
97 
102 
104 
99 
100 
Approx, 
width full 
14 
set on 
Bonwill 
Circle 
L 
%9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
MS 
%9 
%9 
9 
Combined 
Bite and Shut 
of Central 
3 
3^ 
2^ 
3 
2^ 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3^ 
Bite 
Central 
6^ 
7% 
7 
7 
7 
6M 
6% 
7M 
7% 
7% 
8 
Width 
Central 
52 
14 
27 
14 
14 
67 
14 
14 
67 
67 
67 
19 
Articulates 
with lower 
moulds 
98 
98 
98 
98 
98 
55 
98 
98 
55 
97 
98 
99 
Combines 
with 
molar mould 
71 
71 
72 
72 
73 
73 
74 
74 
74 
77 
78 
75 
Cut and 
description 
on page 
MEDIUM LONG MOULDS. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
4 
10 
43 
102 
4^ 
2 
7 
67 
97 
75 
11 
10 
43 
102 
5^ 
2^ 
7 
67 
97 
78 
16 
10 
42 
103 
4^ 
2 
7 
67 
55 
79 
89 
10 
42 
98 
7 
3^ 
7 
67 
55 
76 
67 
10 
40 
99 
6^ 
2^ 
6% 
67 
97 
76 
19 
10^ 
43 
104 
6 
3 
7 
67 
99 
79 
90 
10^ 
42 
104 
7^ 
4 
7 
67 
99 
80 
51 
11 
42 
104 
7M 
3 
7 
67 
99 
80 
* Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to 
slight variations. 
65 TABLE NO. 1 
(Continued.) 
Plain Vulcanite Upper Moulds 
WITH ANATOMICAL/ BICUSPIDS AND MOLARS 
ARRANGED BY SIZE 
MEDIUM LONG MOULDS. 
(Continued.) 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
C Z 4* O -* ?. W X t® M 
4" *1 -1 4® t® ®> © C' t® *1 W © n GO © w 
Mould 
No. 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10% 
10% 
10% 
10% 
11 
11 
11% 
10% 
11 
11 
Length 
of Central 
43 
44 
45 
44 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
46 
46 
47 
47 
46 
48 
Approx, 
width 6 
anteriors 
set on 
Bonwill 
Circle 
104 
105 
106 
105 
106 
106 
106 
106 
107 
106 
107 
107 
108 
108 
111 
113 
Approx, 
width full 
14 
set on 
Bonwill 
Circle 
7 
6% 
6% 
6% 
5% 
6 
7% 
6% 
7% 
7% 
6% 
6% 
9 
6 
8% 
8% 
Combined 
Bite and Shut 
of Central 
3 
3 
3% 
3 
2% 
2% 
4 
3% 
4 
4 
3 
3% 
4 
2% 
4 
4 
Bite of 
Central 
M8 
8 
8 
%L 
%L 
Al 
%L 
%L 
Ml 
Ml 
Al 
AL 
Ml 
Ml 
Ml 
Ml 
Width of 
Central 
67 
39 
10 
39 
39 
3 
67 
39 
39 
A5 
51 
A5 
3 
A5 
87 
103 
Articulates 
with lower 
moulds 
55 
99 
99 
99 
99 
99 
99 
99 
99 
99 
99 
99 
99 
99 
100 
103 
Combines 
with 
molar mould 
81 
81 
82 
82 
83 
83 
83 
84 
84 
85 
85 
86 
86 
87 
87 
88 
Cut and 
description 
on page 
LONG MOULDS 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
78 
UK 
46 
111 
7K 
4 
7K 
78 
100 
88 
10 
n% 
45 
110 
8 
4 
7K 
51 
100 
89 
8 
12 
45 
110 
7K 
3K 
7K 
51 
100 
89 
50 
13 
47 
109 
8% 
4% 
8 
50 
A50 
90 
45 
12 
49 
114 
7 
3 
8K 
103 
100 
90 
03 
13 
49 
114 
9 
4% 
8% 
93 
93 
91 
* Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to 
slight variations. 
66 TABLE NO. 2 
Plain Vulcanite Upper Moulds 
NOT REGULARLY COMPRISING ANATOMICAL BICUSPIDSAND MOLARS 
SHORT MOULDS. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
✓ 
co -q co 
CO co to 
Mould 
No. 
CD CD CO CD 
Length 
of Central 
Cn 
Approx, 
width 6 
anteriors 
set on 
Bonwill 
Circle 
£ £ £ s 
cc >^ to 
Approx, 
width full 
14 
set on 
Bonwill 
Circle 
-ICO'C. 
ti to ,ic .to 
Combined 
Bite and 
Shut of 
Central 
• 
00 00 K) cc 
n\ 
Bite 
of Central 
oo oo -q -q 
cXt^\ 
Width 
of Central 
co co co o 
Articulates 
with lower 
moulds 
92 
92 
93 
94 
Cut and 
description 
on page 
MEDIUM LONG MOULDS. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
14 
10 
43 
105 
7% 
3% 
7 
al4 
94 
31 
10 
42 
103 
5 
2 
6% 
7 
95 
41 
10 
43 
103 
5% 
2% 
7 
8 
95 
37 
10% 
43 
104 
7 
3 
7 
a37 
96 
30 
w 
42 
100 
7 
3 
7 
a30 
96 
27 
10% 
40 
101 
8% 
4 
6% 
25 
97 
91 
11 
42 
99 
5% 
2 
6% 
91 
97 
72 
10 
47 
115 
6% 
3 
7% 
72-73 
98 
24 
io% 
43 
108 
7% 
3% 
7 
1 
98 
79 
10% 
45 
108 
7% 
4 
7% 
79 
99 
39 
10% 
43 
103 
7 
2% 
7% 
8-2 
99 
25 
10% 
44 
107 
6% 
3 
7% 
5 3 
100 
92 
10% 
45 
110 
7% 
4 
7% 
92-5 
101 
40 
11 
44 
105 
7% 
4% 
7 
8 
101 
28 
11 
45 
106 
5% 
2 
7% 
16 
102 
29 
11 
45 
109 
7 
3% 
7% 
1 
102 
63 
11 
44 
103 
5% 
2% 
7% 
8 
103 
46 
11% 
44 
105 
9% 
3% 
7% 
3 
103 
66 
11% 
45 
114 
8% 
3% 
7% 
66 
104 
75 
9% 
50 
116 
6% 
3 
9% 
75 
104 
71 
10% 
45 
108 
6 
3 
8 
71 
105 
69 
10% 
48 
115 
6% 
2% 
8% 
69 
105 
1 
11 
46 
107 
8% 
4 
7% 
5 
106 
105 
11 
47 
116 
8% 
4 
8% 
105 
106 
107 
11% 
49 
119 
8% 
4% 
8% 
107 
107 
26 
11% 
45 
106 
6% 
3 
7% 
11 
108 
81 
11% 
45 
108 
9% 
5% 
7% 
5 
108 
76 
12 
45 
109 
8% 
4 
7% 
5 
109 
38 
12 
45 
105 
7 
3% 
7% 
11 
109 
56 
12 
45 
109 
8% 
4% 
7% 
5 
110 
49 
12 
48 
107 
7% 
4 
8 
49 
no 
86 
12 
48 
109 
8% 
4 
8 
6 
111 
96 
12 
50 
118 
9% 
4 
8% 
96 
111 
95 
13 
48 
113 
9% 
5 
8 
95 
112 
74 
13% 
46 
108 
9 
5 
7% 
74 
112 
101 
12 
49 
115 
10 
4% 
8% 
101 
113 
64 
12 
50 
113 
7 
3% 
9 
18 
113 
84 
11% 
53 
123 
8% 
3% 
9% 
84 
114 
85 
12 
65 
138 
9 
4 
12 
None 
114 
82 
14% 
57 
128 
13 
6% 
9% 
82 
115 
83 
15% 
52 
123 
13% 
6 
9 
83 
115 
* Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to 
slight variations. 
67 TABLE NO. 3 
Plain Vulcanite Upper Moulds 
ARRANGED NUMERICALLY 
THIS TABLE IS DESIGNED TO AFFORD INFORMATION CONCERNING MOULDS WHEN 
THE MOULD NUMBER IS KNOWN. 
Moulds numbered in this face of type, 2-4-5-6-7, are regularly carded with anatomical 
bicuspids and molars. The other moulds may be had so carded on special order. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
©c C® co co co 
Ct &' to t-1 o 
bD tO bD tO tO 
cd oo -q Ci cn 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
Mould No. 
11 
10 
8% 
9% 
10% 
12 
10% 
10% 
9 
CD O O 
xX kX 
^A 
10% 
10 
9% 
9% 
10 
10% 
10% 
11% 
10% 
11 
11 
11 
10% 
10 
10 
10 
10% 
12 
10% 
11% 
10 
11 
10 
10 
9% 
10 
Length 
8 
%9 
£ 
L 
to\to\ 
7 
6% 
1A 
-q -q ci -q -q 
Xt\t\t<X"\ 
L 
%L 
%L 
L 
%L 
L 
%9 
L 
7% 
7% 
7 
7% 
7% 
7% 
7% 
7% 
7% 
7 
7% 
7% 
7 
6% 
7 
Width 
O 
5 
cc\ t<X uX co\ uX 
co to co 
co to co co 
\K> 
cotocococooococo 
X\uX 
4 
3% 
2 
3 
2% 
4 
3% 
4 
4 
2% 
3% 
3 
3% 
3 
2 
Bite 
1SIONS 
co to to to 
\1C\- 
C0\M\b3\ 
3 
3 
4 
3 
3 
3% 
2% 
3 
3 
2% 
3% 
3 
4 
cocototocotototo 
\tC X^X"4 
xX W\«X 
4 
2% 
2 
3 
2% 
3 
3% 
3 
3% 
2% 
2% 
3% 
3% 
2% 
2 
Shut 
OF CEb 
CO CO On 
4 
5% 
4 
CO CO CO on 4^ 
^xt<xiXto\ 
^CitOCi^CO^^^^Cn^^ 
i^X 
Ci^COOOCnCH^COCHCOOi^Ci^CO 
\H-\b3 X^ x^ 
N\ tK\«\ G5\ to\ 
Ridge-lap 
ITRAL 
Ci Ci on -q 
ro\to\to\ro\ 
9 
Ci cn -q 
■K 
•qcnoociCi^qciCiCiCiCiCid 
XtKt\tXt\ kX tc\ 
^Ci~q-qCiCn00-l-q-qcnCi4^Ci00 
uX kX uXkX 
Combined 
Bite and Shut 
o w 
45 
43 
43 
45 
43 
to to 
4^. 4^ 4^ 
46 
45 
43 
44 
45 
45 
45 
45 
45 
43 
46 
43 
43 
42 
42 
Width 6 anteriors 
set on 
Bonwill Circle 
105 
103 
95 
114 
104 
105 
103 
107 
102 
100 
1 103 
104 
107 
106 
100-101 
106 
109 
108 
96 
104 
105 
102 
104 
106 
108 
107 
106 
102 
105 
106 
106 
106 
106 
110 
102 
107 
104 
105 
97 
103 
Width full 14 
set on 
Bonwill Circle 
8-2-3 
7-8-2 
14 
43-30-19 
a37-3-2 
11-16-74 
8-2-10 
Ci CO 
-q CO 
a30-3-2 
7-2-70 
70-10-9 
5-3-65 
11-16-3 
25-7 
65-16-3 
1-16-5 
14 
14 
67 
39 
67 
67 
3 
1 
Ci Pi Ci^Ci^^tnCiCCCOCiCOCi 
<i 1 q C q ►-i£Z.h-i-qcDC0-'qcD • 
1 03 
- 00 
bD 
। । cn 
CO Cn 
Articulates with 
lower mould 
CD 
00 
CD CD 
-q CD 
CD CD CD CD CD CD CD 
CD -q -q CD CD 00 00 
99 
97 
99 
99 
99 
100 
99 
100 
97 
99 
99 
98 
99 
Combines with 
molar mould 
101 
95 
71 
93 
CD O CD 
CD CD Ci 
-q 00 tC> CD CD 
to cn Qi 
100 
108 
97 
102 
102 
CDOO-q-qOO-q-q-q-q*qCDOOOO-qOOOOOOOOOOOO-qOOO 
00 co *q co I-^CD^bOCD^^H^CiOOCDCHCDCOCObOCn^Ci 
Illustrated on 
page below 
* Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to 
light variations. 
68 TABLE NO. 3-{Continued} 
TWENTIETH CENTURY VULCANITE TEETH 
PLAIN UPPERS. 
TABLE OF MOULDS ARRANGED NUMERICALLY 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
104 
105 
107 
88 
89 
90 
91 
92 
93 
94 
95 
96 
101 
103 
(X 00 00 
•q o cn 
74 
75 
76 
78 
79 
81 
82 
83 
84 
-qO-q^IX^^ClftCl 
WN)H©«0®MC1®X4>. 
Q CT*1 
CO Ci t© h* 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
Mould No. 
\K \>- 
b3X 4-\ LC\ to\ 
12 
12 
11 
hKx co 
NN 
12 
1 11 
11% 
1° 
9 
10% 
9% 
10% 
10 
9 
£ bO 00 £ 
kN 
8% 
12 
11% 
; 10% 
9% 
12 
13 
Length 
OOOOOO-qOOOOOOOOOO-dCKl-q-q 
tXu\ix+-x co\ 
co oo to 
CO co CO -q -q -q -q CO <q -1 ~q 00 ~q 00 -q Oi -q -1 CO 
k\ NNNNNNNNN co\kX NNN 
7 
6% 
7% 
7% 
00 00 00 00 ~q 00 -q 
K\tO\CO\ 
Width 
O 
2 
•ffl 
Art 
f 
3% 
3% 
4 
2 
4 
4% 
3% 
5 
4 
4% 
4 
5 
3 
4 
4 
4 
5% 
6% 
6 
3% 
3% 
3 
3% 
2% 
2% 
2% 
3 
3 
3 
2 
bD CO CO 
W\tO\ 
%s 
Az 
%s 
s 
Bite 
c/> 
6 
z 
4 
4 
3% 
^CnCn^CO4^COCOCO CO bC 
<X K\ iXicx 
4% 
4 
4 
3% 
3 
4 
3 
3 
3% 
6 
7 
4% 
COCObOCOCObDCO^COCObOCObD^ 
to\ k\k\k\k\ 
co co co co cn co bo 
K\K\K\ 
Shut 
'OF CE 
CC CO CO 
4 
3% 
3% 
6 
3% 
4% 
2% 
4 
3 
2% 
3 
CO4^COCObDb0b0CO4^4^COCn 
co\ 
I 
4 
6 
5 
3% 
4 
4 
4% 
3% 
5 
4 
4 
Cn Cn CO cn bD Cn CO 
X Xt\tX 
Ridge-lap 
NTRAL 
00 00 00 
K\K\K\ 
6% 
7 
7% 
5% 
7% 
9 
7% 
9% 
9% 
10 
9 
00 00 CO 
^\to\ 
9 
6% 
8% 
7% 
7% 
9% 
13 
13% 
sy2 
Oi Q Ci Cl O CT Ji OC Q-q 
tc\K\K\K\K\K\ 
%9 
%8 
9 
Al 
%8 
%L 
L 
9 
%6 
A 
Combined 
Bite and Shut 
co -q oc 
-O CSOOOHCSCTbONbDCTCiOOCT 
ww*qoiaiaioio<x 
^OCT^CCtCOCTCTC 
co 
cn CO bD 
kU >U >U 
-q 00 00 os CD cn 
Width 6 anteriors 
set on 
Bonwill Circle 
113 
116 
119 
106 
98 
104 
99 
110 
114 
116 
113 
118 
115 
108 
138 
109 
111 
108 
116 
109 
111 
108 109 
108 
128 
123 
123 
113 
107 
114 
99 
97 
115 
99 
108 
115 
112 
104 
93 
109 
103 
101 
114 
105 
108 
110 
107 
109 
Width full 14 
set on 
Bonwill Circle 
103 
105-101-1 
107-104-1 
10 
67 
90-67 
91-2-7 
92-5-103 
93 
19-30-43 
95-12-13 
96-12-18 
101-107-1 
3 
none 
6-5-19 
87 
74-6-16 
75-69-19 
5-6-28 
78 
79-5-6 
6-5-16 
82 
83 
84 
18-19-101 
51 
66 
67-7-2 
14 
69-75-19 
67 
71-5-6 
72-73-43 
73 
67 
52-9 
6-5-28 
8-7-10 
t-1 M 
CO OS 
Cl Cl 
Articulates with 
lower moulds 
L04 
LOI 
00 
00 
100 
co co co co co 
co co co 00 co 
100 
100 
co co co co 
00 00 -q CO 
co co 
00 co 
98 
100 
99 
99 
A50 
Combines with 
molar mould 
88 
106 
108 
82 
76 
80 
97 
101 
91 
94 
112 
111 
113 
86 
114 
111 
87 
112 
104 
109 
88 
99 
108 
115 
115 
114 
80 
71 
110 
103 
113 
85 
104 
76 
73 
105 
78 
105 
98 
92 
72 
90 
103 
87 
75 
110 
90 
Illustrated on 
page below 
Similar tables precede the bower Vulcanite Moulds, the Twentieth Century Gum Moulds, 
Twentieth Century Crowns and Dentsply Facings. 
* Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to 
slight variations. 
69 CHART OF PLAIN VULCANITE TEETH 
WITH TERMS FOR ORDERING 
Twos [2s] 
Fours [4s] 
Sixes [6s] 
Tens [10s] 
Eights [8s] 
Fourteens [14s] 
Sixteens [16s] 
Twenty-eights [28s] 
70 Plain Vulcanite 
Upper Moulds 
REGULARLY COMPRISING ANATOMICAL BICUSPIDS AND 
MOLARS IN TWENTIETH CENTURY, DENTSPLY 
AND SOLILA TEETH. 
SHORT MOULDS. 
SHORT AND NARROW. 
MOULD 52. Dimensions of centrals: length 8% mm., width 6% mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 2*4 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 39 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 94 mm. No collar. Anatomical bicuspids and 
molars. 
One of the two smallest plain upper moulds. The centrals have their 
greatest width at the line between the incisal and middle thirds, are made to 
set with just a pleasing slant to the ridge and are nicely separated at the necks. 
The cuspids are of good size in proportion to the centrals and laterals. 
This mould and mould 42 in shades 1, 2 and 4 are very popular in the 
Canadian provinces and wherever French people are found. 
Indications. For small faces where the labio-incisal angle of the upper 
trial plate comes about 6 mm. below the surface of the ridge and the lip is 
raised about 7% mm. Useful in making plates without anterior gums. 
MOULD 42. Dimensions of centrals: length of central incisor 3% mm.,, 
width 6*4 mm., bite 3 1/3 mm., shut 2 2/3 mm., ridge-lap 3% mm. Approximate 
width of combined anteriors, 40 mm. Approximate width full 14, 95 mm. 
Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
71 A very small mould having flat curves in its outlines and rather flat labial 
surfaces. Its outside length is the same as that of mould 52, but it has a collar 
1 mm. deep and when this is covered with rubber, the exposed enamel surface 
is only 7% mm. long. This mould differs from 52 in that the greatest width 
is nearer the cutting edge and the approximal curves are straighter. This differ 
ence can be best understood by comparing the outlines of the centrals as 
shown in the illustrations. The cuspids in this mould are slightly wider than 
those in 52, and for this reason the combined anteriors are slightly wider. Like 
mould 52 this mould in shades 1, 2 and 4 is very popular among French people. 
Anteriors combine well with posteriors from mould 98 to form 14's. This 
mould articulates well with anterior from lower mould 14. 
Indications. For small faces where the features are more square than in 
mould 52. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate 
comes about 6% mm. below the ridge and the lip is raised only about 71£ mm. 
As this mould has a collar it is not so well adapted for making plates without 
anterior gums as mould 52. 
MOULD 44. Dimensions of centrals: length 8*4 mm., width 7 1/3 mm., 
bite 2% mm., shut 2% mm., ridge-lap 3% mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
45 mm. Approximate width full 14, 100 mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central, 5^ mm. Deep collar. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
The centrals are the same length as in the two preceding moulds, but con- 
siderably wider. When the collars are covered with rubber, the enamel surface 
of the centrals is almost square. Laterals and cuspids are wide in proportion 
to centrals. The bite of the anteriors is very hollow. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 98 
to form 14's. Articulates well with lower moulds 10-24-27. 
Indications. For short, wide faces, where the labio-incisal angle of the 
upper trial plates comes about 5^ mm. below the surface of ridge and the lip 
is raised only a little over 7 mm. 
The very hollow bite of the anteriors makes this mould valuable where the 
lower anteriors set well forward. 
MOULD 17. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 7 mm., bite 3 
mm., shut 2 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 41 mm. 
A longer, slightly narrower mould than No. 44 with more rounding angles 
and pleasing appearance. Approximate width full 14, 96 mm. Combined bite 
and shut of central, 5% mm. Deep collar. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
72 A short mould of good comparative width but with pleasing proportions, 
rounding angles and narrower laterals and cuspids than in mould 44. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 98 
to form 14's. Articulates well with lower moulds. 
Indications. For short faces somewhat wider than for moulds 52 and 42. 
Valuable where the bite is very close and the labio-incisal angle of the upper 
trial plate comes only 5% mm. below the surface of ridge. 
MOULD 68. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 7 mm., bite 2% 
mm., shut 2*4 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 42 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 97 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 5*4 
mm. Very narrow collar. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
The outline of the centrals in this mould is much like that in mould 52, 
save that mould 68 has narrower necks and the greatest width is at the cutting 
edge. The laterals are nearly as long as the centrals and the cuspids are but 
little longer than either. 
Anteriors combine well with posteriors from mould 98 to form 14's. Ar- 
ticulates well with anteriors from lower mould 14. 
Indications. For rather small persons having oval faces and small 
mouths. When you have a small, delicately built lady with an oval face, 
delicate skin, fine hair, and when the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial 
plate comes only 5% mm. below the ridge but the lip is raised 8 mm. in 
laughing, this mould will prove valuable. 
MOULD 21. Dimensions of centrals: length 9% mm., width 7 mm., bite 
4 mm., shut 2 mm., ridge-lap 3% mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 43 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 102 mm. Collar. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
Outlines of anteriors practically the same as in mould 42, only on a larger 
scale. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 97 to 
form 14's. Articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 67. 
Indications. For oval faces of less than medium length, but good pro- 
portionate breadth. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial 
plate comes about 6% mm. below the ridge and lip is raised about 8% mm. 
73 MOULD 18. Dimensions of centrals: length 9% mm., width 634 mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 2% mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 41 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 96 mm. Medium collar. Anatomical bicuspids and 
molars. 
The anteriors present rather flat labial surfaces with flat curves in the out- 
lines which carry the width up into the middle third and then taper to medium 
necks when the collars are covered with rubber. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 98 
to form 14's. Articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 14. 
Indications. For faces slightly less than medium long and narrow in pro- 
portion, with flat curves. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper 
trial plate comes 6 mm. below the ridge and lip is raised 8*4 mm. 
MOULD 15. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 2/3 mm., width 6 2/3 mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 2 2/3 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
42 mm. Approximate width full 14, 97 mm. Medium collar. Anatomical bi- 
cuspids and molars. 
Almost long enough to be classed as medium length. Anteriors have their 
greatest width at junction of incisal and middle thirds. The approximal sur- 
faces are quite flat and slope to medium wide necks and show fair sized inter- 
dental spaces. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 98 to 
form 14's. Articulates well with lower mould 14. 
Indications. For faces of slightly less than medium length and narrow in 
proportion. For cases where the arch requires a narrow 14. For cases where 
the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes about 6 mm. below ridge 
and the lip is raised about 9 mm. 
SHORT MOULDS. 
SHORT AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
MOULD 36. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 7*4 rnm., bite 
3 mm., shut 2 2/3 mm., ridge-lap 3 1/3 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 42 
74 to 43 mm. Approximate width full 14, 101-102 mm. Anatomical bicuspids 
and molars. 
Considerably less than medium long. The centrals and laterals are made 
to set almost perpendicular to the ridge and carry their greatest width well 
up into the middle third so that up to the point where the rubber covers 
the collar, they show little space between the necks of the centrals. The 
centrals are thicker than medium and present rounding curves with compara- 
tively flat labial surfaces. 
The anteriors combine well with posteriors from mould 97 to form 14's, 
and articulate well with anteriors from lower mould 67. 
Indications. For faces of less than medium length but medium width and 
quite full in the lower half, rather inclined to be flat. With this mould the 
labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate may come 6 mm. below the surface 
of the ridge and the lip be raised about 8 mm. 
MOULD 48. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 2/3 mm., width 8 mm., bite 
3 1/3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3 1/3 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 48 
to 49 mm. Approximate width full 14, 110 mm. Anatomical bicuspids and 
molars. Medium collar. 
A wide, square looking mould of a good deal the same dimensions as 
mould 43 but quite different appearance. This mould has its greatest width 
in the incisal third and carries it cervically by rather flat curves. When seen 
on the wax the teeth look square because of the collar, but when this is 
covered with rubber, much of the square look is removed. The mesio-incisal 
angle is quite sharp and the disto-incisal angle but little rounded. The an- 
teriors are made to set almost perpendicular to the ridge. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 
to form 14's. This mould articulates well with anteriors from lower mould A5. 
Indications. For wide faces of medium length or slightly less, having 
more tendency to angularity than in mould 43. For cases where the labio- 
incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes about 7 mm. below the surface of 
the ridge and the lip is raised 9 mm. Valuable in cases where the mouth is 
wide between the corners of the lips, but the size of the arch requires medium 
bicuspids and molars. 
MEDIUM LONG MOULDS 
MEDIUM LONG AND NARROW. 
MOULD 4. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 7 mm., bite 2 
mm., shut 2 mm., ridge-lap 6 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 43 mm. 
75 Approximate width full 14, 102 mm. Medium collar. Anatomical bicuspids 
and molars. 
A thin, flat mould of very pleasing outline. The mesial surface bulges 
mesially from the mesio-incisal angle, so that these angles in the two centrals 
are somewhat separated. The neck is of medium width, surmounted by a 
collar, and the distal surface is quite rounded. Laterals and cuspids in good 
proportion to the centrals, the cuspid having a specially prominent distal angle. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 97 to 
form 14's. Articulates well with anteriors from lower mould A5. 
Indications. For faces of less than medium width in the upper part and 
tapering to medium wide chins by fairly round curves, but where the features 
are not very plump. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 
about 4% mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised 9 mm. 
For cases where the shrinkage of the gum has been more linguo-labial than 
vertical, since this tooth is intended to set to labial of the ridge rather than 
beneath it. 
MOULD 89. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 mm., width 7 mm., 
bite 3 1/3 mm., shut 3 1/3 mm., ridge-lap 3 1/3 mm. Approximate width of 6 
anteriors, 42 mm. Approximate width full 14, 97 to 98 mm. Slight collar. 
Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
This mould is so well proportioned that when seen by itself it seems a 
medium tooth in all respects. The greatest width is carried well up to the 
middle third, and the neck, aside from the collar, is medium wide. The labial 
surfaces are neither flat nor bulging but are just nicely rounding. The tooth 
sets on a slight slant to the ridge, this slant being slightly more noticeable in 
the lateral. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 98 
to form 14's. This mould articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 67. 
Indications. For faces of medium length and slightly less than medium 
width, with chins which taper to medium oval. For cases where the labio- 
incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes 7 mm. below the surface of the 
ridge, and the lip is raised about 9 mm. in laughing. The character of the 
ridge-lap is such that when the pins rest on the surface of the ridge, this tooth 
will make very little bulk to labial. 
MOULD 67. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 mm., width 6 2/3 
mm., bite 2% mm., shut 3% mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width of 6- 
anteriors, 40 mm. Approximate width full 14, 99 mm. Collar; quite pro- 
nounced in the anteriors. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
76 A lap lateral mould. It lends itself particularly to artistic work by the 
dentist, because it departs somewhat from the usual appearance, through the 
shape of its laterals. The centrals have good width, which they carry well 
up to the middle third, and by the bulge of their labial surface, create an im- 
pression of strength. The laterals have a long mesial angle to lap the distal 
surface of the central. The disto-incisal angle, is cut away. The cuspids assist 
the impression made by tjie laterals, being rather narrow and having the point 
of the cusps well to mesial. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 97 
to form 14's. Plain lower mould 67 was made especially to articulate with 
this mould. 
Indications. For faces of medium length, but slightly less than medium 
width, with rounding lines and plump features. For cases where the labio- 
incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes 6J4 mm. below the surface of 
the ridge, and the lip is raised about 9 mm. in laughing. This mould differs 
considerably as to its intentions from those heretofore described, because 
it is intended for cases where vertical absorption of the ridge is considerable, 
but where, for mechanical reasons, it is desired to use a short bite tooth. In 
this mould the long shut carries the incisal edge down as desired, making 
the short bite possible. 
The ridge-lap is such that the tooth will set somewhat in front as well 
as somewhat under the ridge, its thickness taking the place of an undesirable 
bulk of rubber, and the labial surface bulging to harmonize with full features. 
The laterals may be set in the ordinary fashion, or lend themselves readily 
to being set with slightly more slant than the centrals, as lap-laterals. 
MOULD 22. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 2/3 mm., width 7 2/3 mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 2 2/3 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
44-45 mm. Approximate width full 14, 103-104 mm. Deep collar. Anatomical 
bicuspids and molars. 
Of nearly medium length and full medium width. Has greatest width 
in incisal third with quite straight mesial surfaces and rounding distal surfaces. 
Wide necks which show but little space between centrals. Collar. Laterals 
and cuspids of good widths in proportion to centrals. 
The anteriors combine well with posteriors from mould 97 to form full 
14's, and articulate well with anteriors from lower mould 67. 
Indications. For faces of slightly less than medium length and full medium 
width, so that they look wide in proportion. For those faces which carry their 
width down by rather straight cheeks and present wide chins. This is a rather 
thick mould intended to set more in front of the gum than under it. For cases 
where the absorption has taken a form which thinned the ridge linguo-labially. 
and some filling in is necessary to bring the lip to proper position. Should be 
used where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes about 6 mm. 
below the surface of the ridge and the lip is raised 9 mm. 
77 MOULD 70. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 1/2 mm., width 7 1/3 mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3% mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors 
44 mm. Approximate width full 14, 99 mm. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
This mould and mould 21 illustrate how two moulds may have practically 
the same measurements and yet be entirely unlike in appearance, due to differ- 
ences in outline. A little comparison of these moulds as shown in the illustra- 
tions will be profitable. 
In length and width the centrals of the two moulds are practically alike. 
Mould 21 carries its width well up into the cervical third, presenting a wide 
neck with little space between the necks of the centrals when in place. It 
gives an impression of up-and-down squareness. 
Mould 70 is intended to set on more of a slant, has its greatest width in 
the incisal third and the approximal surfaces begin at once to converge toward 
comparatively narrow necks which leave quite a space between the two cen- 
trals. 
The thickness of the anteriors in the two moulds is about the same but the 
outline illustrations show that the ridge-lap in mould 70 is so much more per- 
pendicular that the tooth is not calculated to set under the ridge, but almost 
entirely in front of it. The labial surfaces are consequently more bulging. 
The anteriors combine well with posteriors from mould 98 to form full 
14's. Plain lower mould 70 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 67. 
Indications. For faces of about the same width through the Malar bones 
as mould 21 but narrower below that. For cases where the labio-incisal angle 
of the upper trial plate comes about 6 mm. below the ridge, but the ridge is 
thin enough to require bulk to labial. This mould is for faces in medium flesh. 
Its surfaces are too bulging and its curves too rounding to harmonize with a 
face so thin as to be lanky or angular. 
MOULD 11. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 7 mm., bite 2*4 
mm., shut 2% mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 43 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 102 mm. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
A very dainty mould. The centrals have their greatest width at the 
junction of the middle and cervical thirds. Necks medium wide, and well 
separated. Labial surfaces flat. The cuspids are wide in proportion to the 
centrals, and the labial surfaces are more bulging. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 97 to 
form 14's. Articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 67. 
78 Indications. For faces of less than medium length, with oval chin and 
rather flat curves. For faces where the features are not plump and rounded. 
For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes 5*4 
mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised 9 mm. in laughing. 
MOULD 16. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 7 mm., bite 2 
mm., shut 2 mm., ridge-lap 6 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 42 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 103 mm. Medium collar. Anatomical bicuspids 
and molars. 
This mould is distinguished by the fact that all the other teeth are small 
as compared with the centrals. The centrals carry their width well into the 
middle third, and taper to mediumly rounded necks. They are made to set on 
a very slight slant to the ridge. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 to 
form 14's. Articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 67. 
Indications. For medium long faces, of less than medium width with 
rather narrow chins and rather flat features. For cases where the labio-incisal 
angle of the upper trial plate comes 4% mm. below the surface of the ridge and 
the lip is raised about 9 mm. This means that the ridge would not show much 
vertical absorption but might show a good deal of linguo-labial absorption. 
This mould is intended to set in front of the ridge and supply bulk in cases 
where bulk is necessary. 
MOULD 19. Dimensions of centrals: length 10}/2 mm., width 7 mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 2% mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Approximate width combined anteriors, 
43 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 104 mm. Quite a deep collar. Ana- 
tomical bicuspids and molars. 
A mould which taken by itself looks larger than measurements indicate 
owing to the fact that the centrals seem large in proportion to the laterals and 
cuspids. The centrals have their greatest width just above the incisal edge, and 
when the collar is covered with rubber, show quite a space between the necks. 
The necks are medium wide, and the distal surfaces quite straight. The 
laterals are quite long and narrow, and the cuspids are not large. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 to 
form 14's. This mould articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 67. 
Indications. For faces of medium length and practically medium width 
79 which carry their width well down to an oval chin. For cases where the labio- 
incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes 6 mm. below the surface of the 
ridge and the lip is raised about 9% mm. in laughing. For cases where the 
ridge shows less absorption than mould 37. The hollow ridge-lap allows this 
tooth to set quite well under the ridge, and yet extend the porcelain up to the 
high line. This is rather a thick mould and the pins will reach well into the 
plate. 
MOULD 90. Dimensions of centrals: length 1054 mm., width 7 mm., bite 
4 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3% mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 42 to 
43 mm. Approximate width full 14, 103-104 mm. Collar quite marked in the 
anteriors. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
A Haskell mould. 
The centrals have their greatest width in the upper part of the incisal 
third, and taper at the necks, which, when the collar is covered, are quite 
narrow. 
The distal surface is noticeably rounding with a round distal angle. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 to 
form 14's. Articulates with anteriors from plain lower mould 67. 
Indications. For faces of medium length and medium width in the upper 
parts. Tapering to narrow chins. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of 
the upper trial plate comes 7J4 mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip 
is raised about 9^4 mm. in laughing. This mould provides for considerable 
vertical absorption of the ridge, without the use of the unduly long bite. When 
the pins rest on the surface of the ridge this mould will not make undue bulk 
to labial. 
MOULD 51. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 7 mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 42 or 43 
mm. Approximate width full 14, 103-104 mm. Medium collar. A lap lateral 
mould. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
The outlines of the anteriors in this mould are almost identical with the 
outlines of mould 67, save that the dimensions are larger and that the disto- 
incisal angle of the lateral is not cut away so much. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 
to form 14's. This mould articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 67. 
Indications. For faces of full medium length, and nearly full medium 
width. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes 
7% mm. below the surface of ridge, and the lip is raised about 10 mm. when 
laughing. 
80 MEDIUM LONG MOULDS. 
MEDIUM LONG AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
MOULD 13. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 7 1/3 mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 3% mm.: ridge-lap 3% mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 43 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 104 mm. Medium collar. Anatomical bicuspids and 
molars. 
A wider and stronger mould than 11, much thicker, having its greatest 
width in the incisal third, with sharp mesio-incisal angles, and nearly straight 
incisal edges. The width is carried up to comparatively wide necks which, 
however, are much less square when the collars are covered with rubber, than 
on the wax. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 to 
form 14's. Articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 67. 
Indications. For faces of medium length, slightly less than medium width 
with strong chins. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial 
plate comes about 7 mm. below the surface of the ridge, the lip is raised 9 mm., 
and the anteriors may with advantage set partly under the ridge, instead of in 
front of it as in moulds 4 and 11. In such cases this mould will supply the 
necessary bulk to cover the ridge, without using an undue amount of rubber. 
MOULD 20. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 mm., width 7 1/3 
mm., bite 3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width of 6 an- 
teriors, 44 mm. Approximate width full 14, 105 mm. No collar. Anatomical 
bicuspids and molars. 
The width of the anteriors in this mould is a trifle less than medium, but 
the width of the molars is such that it must be considered a medium mould. 
The centrals are slightly less than medium wide, having their greatest 
width in the incisal third, and sloping to medium wide necks. The distal 
surface and disto-incisal angle are noticeably rounded. The cuspids are notice- 
ably long in proportion to the centrals, and are of good width. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 to 
form 14's. This mould articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 39. 
Indications. For faces of medium width in the upper part sloping to 
medium chins. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate 
comes about 6J4 mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised 
about 9 mm., and where the anteriors need to set in front of the ridge. 
81 MOULD 88. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 7 1/3 mm., bite 
3^4 mm., shut 2*4 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width of 6 anteriors, 45 
mm. Approximate width of full 14, 106 mm. Collar. Anatomical bicuspids 
and molars. 
One of the shortest of the medium long, medium wide moulds. The an- 
teriors have rather straight mesial surfaces, which carry their width well up 
to wide necks, leaving small interdental spaces. 
All the anteriors of this mould are quite wide. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 
to form 14's. This mould articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 10. 
Indications. For faces of not more than medium length, of good compara- 
tive width, such as would be apt to be found in fleshy people of medium height 
or a trifle less. For cases where the opening of the mouth is slightly wider than 
ordinary; where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes about 
7 mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised about 9 mm. Such 
cases usually have broad ridges, and require a thick mould of teeth. This 
mould just meets such needs. 
MOULD 5. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 mm., width 7% mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width of 6 anteriors, 
44 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 105 mm. Collar. Anatomical bicuspids 
and molars. 
The typical medium mould. The anteriors of this mould are medium in 
width and length, the greatest width being in the incisal third, and tapering 
to medium wide necks. When the collar is covered by rubber, there will be 
sufficient interdental spaces. The laterals and cuspids are in good proportion 
to the centrals. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 to 
form 14's. This mould articulates with anteriors from lower mould 39. 
Indications. For the general run of faces which show medium length and 
width, this mould will be found more serviceable than any other single mould. 
For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes 
about &y2 mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised 9 mm. in 
laughing. Owing to the form of the ridge-lap this tooth is valuable in cases 
where the ridge is thin and it is necessary to have some bulk to labial. 
This mould should form part of every quantity order. 
82 MOULD 6. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 7^4 mm., bite 
2^4 mm., shut 2*4 mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Approximate width of 6 anteriors, 
45 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 106 mm. Collar. Anatomical bicus- 
pids and molars. 
One of the shorter of the medium moulds. Has its greatest width in the 
incisal third and tapers to a neck slightly narrower than medium. When 
the neck is covered with rubber, there will be medium wide interdental 
spaces. The cuspids are medium in all respects. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 
to form 14's. This mould articulates with anteriors from lower mould 39. 
Indications. For faces slightly narrower than mould 5, of medium width 
in the upper part, but tapering to chins slightly narrower than medium. 
For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes about 
5^ mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised 9 mm. in laughing. 
MOULD 23. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 mm., width 73^ mm., 
bite Wz mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 4% mm. Approximate width of 6 anteriors, 
45 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 106 mm. No collar. Anatomical 
bicuspids and molars. 
Owing to the fact that this mould is quite wide in proportion to its length, 
the centrals look shorter than they really are. The anteriors of this mould 
set on a very slight mesial slant, and have wide necks. The cuspids seem 
rather small in proportion to the centrals. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 to 
form 14's. This mould articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 3. 
Indications. For faces of about medium length, wide in proportion, with 
rather flat curves. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate 
comes about 6 mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised 9 mm. 
For cases where the tooth needs to set somewhat in front of the ridge, as 
well as beneath it. Suitable for plates without gums. 
MOULD 7. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 1/3 mm., width 7% 
mm., bite 4 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3 1/3 mm. Approximate width of 6 
83 anteriors, 45 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 106 mm. Collar. Anatomical 
bicuspids and molars. 
This mould has its greatest width at the junction of the incisal and middle 
thirds, tapering to a medium wide neck. The mesio-incisal angle of the central 
incisal is sharp and the disto-incisal angle considerably rounded. The incisors 
set on quite a slant with the ridge, leaving a wide interdental space. The 
laterals are slightly narrower than in mould 6. The cuspids are medium in 
all respects. 
The anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 
to form 14's. This mould articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 67. 
Indications. For faces of good width in the upper part, tapering by 
rounding curves to medium wide chins. For cases where the labio-incisal angle 
of the upper trial plate comes 7j4 mm. below the ridge and the lip is raised 
about 9 mm. The form of the ridge-lap is such that this mould will set con- 
siderably in front of the ridge. This makes it valuable in cases where the 
ridge is thin. 
MOULD 2. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10% mm., width 7% 
mm., bite 3 1/3 mm., shut 2 2/3 mm., ridge-lap 4% mm. Approximate width of 
6 anteriors, 45 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 106 mm. Collar. Ana- 
tomical bicuspids and molars. 
When separated from other moulds, the outlines of the anteriors of this 
mould seem long and narrow with flat curves, and flat labial surfaces. Their 
greatest width is at the upper part of the incisal third, and the necks are quite 
wide. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 to 
form 14's. This mould articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 39. 
Indications. For faces of medium length, but a little narrow in propor- 
tion, with flat curves, and holding their width well toward the chin. For faces 
where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes 6*4' mm. below the 
surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised about 9% mm. 
MOULD 35. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10% mm., width 7 2/3 
mm., bite 4 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3% mm. Approximate width of 6 an- 
teriors, 45 or 46 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 106-107 mm. No collar. 
Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
A most excellent medium mould in all dimensions, differing from mould 
5, which is the standard medium mould, principally in outline and the fact that 
84 it has no collar. The centrals show their greatest width at the upper part of 
the incisal third, and have wide necks, leaving narrow interdental spaces. The 
laterals are as long as the centrals. The cuspids are of medium length, with 
quite sharp cusps. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 
to form 14's. This mould articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 39. 
Indications. For causes where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial 
plate comes 7J4 mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised about 
9J4 mm. When the pins set on the surface of the ridge this mould will extend 
quite well under the ridge, and make but little bulk to labial. By grinding, 
this ridge-lap can easily be shaped so that the anteriors will set almost entirely 
beneath the ridge. Suitable for plate without anterior gums. This mould will 
harmonize with a very large number of faces of medium length and width, and 
it is suggested that dentists who do not care to take the trouble to select a 
particular mould for each face will attain good results in a majority of cases 
by keeping this mould and mould 5 in stock. 
MOULD 9. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 2/3 mm., width 7 2/3 
mm., bite 4 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3 2/3 mm. Approximate width of 6 
anteriors, 45 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 106 mm. Combined bite and 
shut of central, 7^ mm. Medium collar. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
This mould is middle way between the smallest and the largest in this 
class. It has a strong outline, with wide neck, and shows rather wide inter- 
proximal spaces between the centrals. The centrals are made to set on a 
noticeable slant to the ridge. The laterals are of good size, and the cuspids 
of medium size in proportion to the centrals. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 
to form 14's. This mould articulates well with anteriors from lower mould A5. 
Indications. This mould will be found valuable in cases where the labio- 
incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes about 7% mm. below the surface 
of the ridge, but where from mechanical reasons, such as the elongating of the 
lower incisors, it is necessary to use a short shut and long bite. 
The ridge-lap is not much hollowed, and sets outside the ridge as well 
as underneath it. For faces of medium length rather wide in the upper part, 
and with chins of good width. 
MOULD 65. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 11 mm., width 7% 
mm., bite 3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Approximate width of 6 an- 
85 teriors, 46 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 107 mm. Collar. Anatomical 
bicuspids and molars. 
In length this mould is half way between the longest and shortest in this 
medium class. The anteriors are of good width, gently rounding curves, 
and show medium wide interdental spaces. 
The laterals and cuspids are of good proportionate width. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 
to form 14's. This mould articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 
51 to form 28's. 
Indications. Valuable in cases where the ridge is long in proportion to 
the lip, and is freely exposed in laughing. For ridges thick from lingual to 
labial. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate come 
about 7 mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised 10 mm. in 
laughing. This mould will harmonize with strong faces which are just on the 
border line between medium and large. 
MOULD 103. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 11% mm. plus, width 
7% mm., bite 4 mm., shut 4% mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Approximate width of 
6 anteriors, 47 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 108 mm. No collar. Ana- 
tomical bicuspids and molars. 
This mould is on the border line between medium and large. The centrals 
have their greatest width in the incisal third and taper by pleasing curves to 
medium necks, separated by wide interdental spaces. The laterals and cuspids 
are narrow in proportion to the centrals. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 to 
form 14's. This mould articulates well with anteriors from lower mould 3. 
Indications. For faces a little larger than medium, with medium wide 
chins and sufficiently plump features not to be angular. For cases where the 
ridge is very short, and the lip very long, so that the labio-incisal angle of 
the upper trial plate comes 9 mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the 
lip is raised about 10*4 mm. The short ridge-lap makes it possible for this 
tooth to set almost under the ridge, and it will be found valuable in many cases 
of marked alveolar absorption. 
MOULD 12. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 11 mm., width 7 2/3 
mm., bite 3% mm., shut 2% mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Approximate width of 6 
anteriors, 46 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 107 mm. Collar. Anatomical 
bicuspids and molars. 
86 This is one of the larger medium moulds. The centrals are intended to 
set quite perpendicular to the ridge. They have very straight approximal sides, 
carrying their greatest width to the cervical third. The laterals are intended 
to set on more of a slant and show a wider interdental space. The cuspids are 
of medium size, compared with the centrals, but the very deep collar leaves a 
rather short enamel surface. All the anteriors have quite bulging surfaces. 
Anteriors from-this fnould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 to 
form 14's. This mould articulates well with lower mould A5. 
Indications. A careful study of the relations of the bite, shut and ridge-lap 
as shown in the outline figure of the central, indicate that this mould is de- 
signed for those cases where the upper anteriors, instead of sloping downward 
and outward as should usually be the case, are compelled, by the smallness 
of the lower arch, to set straight up and down, or downward and inward. For 
strong, heavy faces, most often male. For faces where the labio-incisal angle 
of the upper trial plate comes 6^2 mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the 
lip is raised about 10 mm. 
MOULD 47. Dimensions of centrals: length 10*4 mm., width 8 mm., bite 
2^ mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
47 mm. Approximate width full 14, 107-108 mm. No collar. Anatomical 
bicuspids and molars. 
The first of the medium length moulds which is more than medium wide. 
Centrals have very pleasing outline. Carry their width up through the middle 
third and taper to medium necks which show good interdental spaces. Laterals 
long in proportion to centrals. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 
to form 14's. Articulates well with anteriors from lower mould A5. 
Indications. For faces of medium length, rather more than medium 
width and inclined to be fleshy. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of 
the upper trial plate comes 6 mm. below the surface of the ridge but the lip is 
raised 9J^ mm. The ridge-lap is such that this mould extends well up the 
labial surface of the ridge. Suitable for plates without gums in front. 
MOULD 87. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 8 mm., bite 
4 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 46 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 111 mm. Medium collar. Anatomical bicuspids 
and molars. 
87 A very pleasing mould. The centrals have their greatest width in the 
incisal third, and carry it well up but round off to medium necks. Distal 
surfaces rounding. Laterals have same general outline with flatter curves. 
Cuspids have narrow necks and markedly sloping distal surfaces. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 100 
to form 14's. Plain lower mould 87 was made especially to articulate with 
this mould. 
Indications. For well proportioned faces of full medium length. For 
cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes 8*4 mm. 
below the surface of the ridge and the tooth needs to set partly under 
the ridge. This mould indicates a very long lip or marked absorption. The 
bite is long and avoids undue bulk of rubber over the ridge. 
MOULD 104. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 8% mm., 
bite 4 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors,. 
48 mm. Approximate width full 14, 113 mm. No collar. Anatomical bi- 
cuspids and molars. 
One of the larger medium moulds. A wide mould with pleasing anteriors. 
The greatest width of the centrals is near the incisal edge, the interdental 
space quite long, the necks wide. The laterals are long in proportion to the 
centrals and have narrow necks. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 100 
to form 14's. Articulates well with lower mould 103. 
Indications. For faces of full medium length and more than medium 
width, rounding to ample chins and showing large mouths. For cases where 
the Tidge from tuberosity to tuberosity permits the use of a wide mould. 
For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes 8*4 
mm. below the surface of the ridge and the lip is raised 10' mm. The cen- 
trals may set nearly under the ridge. The long shut makes a very long 
bite unnecessary. 
MOULD 78. Dimensions of centrals: length 11% mm., width 7% mm., 
bite 4 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 4% mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
46 mm. Approximate width full 14, 111 mm. Rather deep collar. Ana- 
tomical bicuspids and molars. 
One of the most popular moulds of its size. The anteriors exhibit their 
greatest widths just above the incisal edges, and taper by pleasing curves to 
88 medium wide necks. This mould may well form a part of every quantity 
order. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 100 
to form 14's. Plain lower mould 78 was made especially to articulate with 
this mould. 
Indications. For faces longer than medium and rather narrow, with 
pleasantly rounded features and medium chin. For cases where the labio- 
incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes 714 mm. below surface of ridge 
and lip is raised about 1014 mm. 
MOULD 10. Dimensions of centrals: length 11^4 mm., width 7% mm., 
bite 4 mm., shut 3^4 mm., ridge-lap 4% mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
45 mm. Approximate width full 14, 110 mm. Rather deep collar. Ana- 
tomical bicuspids and molars. 
Gracefully tapering outline to incisors, medium wide necks and rather 
long and wide interdental space. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 100 
to form 14's. Articulates well with lower mould 50. 
Indications. For rather long, narrow faces. For use where the lip is of 
medium length and the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes 
about 8 mm. below surface of ridge and the lip is raised about 11 mm. 
MOULD 8. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 7*4 mm., bite 
3*4 mm., shut 3*4 mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 45 
mm. Approximate width full 14, 110 mm. Medium collar. Anatomical 
bicuspids and molars. 
The outlines of the incisors are much like that in mould 78, but this 
mould is slightly longer and a trifle narrower. The greatest width is nearer 
the incisal edge. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 99 
to form 14's. Articulates well with lower mould 51. 
Indications. For long faces of medium width, where the greatest width 
is near the forehead. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper 
trial plate comes about 714 mm. below the surface of fridge, and lip is raised 
about 11 mm. The short shut permits making a plate thin over the ridge. 
89 LONG MOULDS. 
MOULD 45. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 8% mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 3% mm., ridge-lap 5% mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
49 mm. Approximate width full 14, 114 mm. Medium collar. Anatomical 
bicuspids and molars. 
The proportions of the anteriors are so pleasing as to make the mould 
seem smaller than it really is. It is really an excellent medium mould slightly 
enlarged in all dimensions. 
Anteriors have their greatest width near cutting edge, medium necks and 
leave medium interdental spaces. Rather flat labial surfaces. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 100 
to form 14's. Articulates well with lower mould 103. 
Indications. For well proportioned faces of more than medium size. 
For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes about 
7 or 7% mm. below the surface of ridge and lip is raised about 11 mm. in 
laughing. This mould should form part of all quantity orders. 
MOULD 50. Dimensions of centrals: length 13 mm., width 8 mm., bite 
4J£ mm., shut 3^ mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 47 
mm. Approximate width full 14, 109 mm. Slight collar. Anatomical bicuspids 
and molars. 
The length of the anteriors is such as to make them look narrower. The 
greatest width is carried up through the middle third. Necks are quite wide, 
the interdental spaces small. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould A50 
to form 14's. Articulates well with lower mould 50. 
Indications. For very long faces and for partial cases where some of the 
anteriors must be supplied and the natural teeth show recession of the gums. 
For cases where the labio-incisal angle of the upper trial plate comes 8^4 mm. 
below the surface of ridge and lip is raised 12 mm. 
90 MOULD 93. Dimensions of centrals: length 13 mm., width 8*4 mm., bite 
4% mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 4*4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 49 
mm. Approximate width full 14, 114 mm. 
A very long mould, only slightly over medium wide. Has its greatest 
width in incisal third and tapers by flat curves to wide necks. 
Anteriors from this mould combine well with posteriors from mould 93 
to form 14's. Plain lower mould 93 was made especially to articulate with this 
mould. 
Indications. For long faces and cases where the ridge is so absorbed or 
the lip so long that the incisal edges of the centrals must come 9 or 9*4 mm. 
below surfaces of ridge. Valuable where anteriors must be replaced under 
these conditions. Does not require undue bulk of rubber over ridge. 
91 Twentieth Century 
Vulcanite Teeth. 
NOT REGULARLY COMPRISING ANATOMICAL BICUSPIDS 
AND MOLARS 
PLAIN UPPERS. 
SHORT MOULDS. 
SHORT AND NARROW. 
MOULD 32. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 1/3 mm., width 7*2 mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3 2/3 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
44 mm. Approximate width full 14, 104 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
6mm. Required vertical space second molar, 4*£ mm. Deep collar. 
The measurements show the enamel surface of the centrals to be nearly 
as wide as it is long but the very decided slant on which the anteriors are made 
to set, and the full curves, keep the mould from appearing square. Quite a 
wide interdental space shows between the centrals. Laterals and cuspids are 
quite wide in proportion to centrals. 
Bicuspids and molars medium long, sharp, prominent cusps, deep sulci. 
Excellent occlusal surfaces. Distance from pins to point of lingual cusps, short. 
Ridge-lap long and hollow. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 70-10 to form 28's. 
Indications. For faces of slightly less than medium length, but of medium 
width. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 6% mm. below 
the ridge, and the lip is raised 8% mm. 
MOULD 73. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 7 1/3 mm., bite 
2 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 44 to 45 
mm. Approximate width full 14, 112 mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 5^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. 
92 This mould would be classed as less than medium wide if judged by the 
widths of the incisors, but the mesio-distal diameters of the bicuspids and 
molars so extend the width of the full 14 as to make its classification under 
"Medium Wide" necessary. 
A square looking mould when seen on the wax but appearing quite dif- 
ferently when the deep collar is covered with rubber and only the proper 
enamel surface is exposed. The enamel surface of the central is nearly as wide 
as it is long. This mould is made to set nearly perpendicular to the ridge, has 
its greatest width at the junction of the cervical and middle thirds. The out- 
line may be observed in the illustration. The laterals are as long as the cen- 
trals but the mesial surfaces slope away more as they go cervically. They 
have an extremely deep collar. The cuspids are but little longer than the 
centrals, have short, wide enamel surfaces and very deep collars. 
Bicuspids and molars. Very deep collars with short, well rounded 
enamel surfaces. The occlusal surfaces are of good size and the cusps are 
well marked, especially in the bicuspids. The bite is short, the shut of medium 
length and the ridge-lap medium long and hollowed. This mould is a trifle 
thicker than medium. 
The anteriors combine well with posteriors from moulds 72-36-32-70 to 
form full 14's and articulate well with lower mould 73 to form 28's. 
Indications. The impression one gains from this mould is one of 
strength. It is indicated for short, wide faces, especially male, where it must 
resist a powerful thrust from the lower teeth. To increase its resistance it 
is given the deep collar and strong support by the rubber. Would be useful 
where the lower anteriors remain and have been worn down by the force of 
occlusion. 
SHORT MOULDS. 
SHORT AND WIDE. 
MOULD 43. Dimensions of centrals: length 9*4 mm., width 8 mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3U mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
47 to 48 mm. Approximate width full 14, 113 to 114 mm. Combined bite and 
shut of central, 6% mm. Required vertical space second molar, mm. 
No collar. 
The anteriors present, for so wide a mould, a very pleasing outline. The 
mesial surfaces round so as to separate the mesio-incisal angles of the cen- 
trals and to leave quite a long interdental space. The disto-incisal angles 
are noticeably rounded. The centrals are made to set on quite a slant to 
the ridge. 
The bicuspids and molars are of medium size compared with the cen- 
trals. The cusps are rounding and the occlusal surfaces of the molars are such 
that they will articulate with teeth having very short bites, or natural teeth 
which are a good deal worn. 
93 Plain lower mould 43 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 43-30 to form 28's. 
Indications. For fleshy faces of less than medium length with rounding 
features. If the pins are set on top of the ridge the anteriors will not make 
much bulk to labial. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite is about 
6% mm. below the surface of the ridge and the lip is raised about 8 mm. 
Valuable for plates without gums in front. 
MOULD 94. Dimensions of centrals: length 9H mm., width 8|£ mm., 
bite 3J4 mm., shut 3^ mm., ridge-lap 214 mm. Approximate width 6 anteri- 
ors, 51 mm. Approximate width full 14, 116 mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central, 7J4 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5^ mm. Collar. 
A short mould of much squarer outline than mould 48. When the collar 
is covered, the enamel surface is as wide as it is long. This mould is shaped 
to set practically perpendicular to the ridge. The centrals have their greatest 
width in the middle third. The laterals and cuspids are wide in proportion to 
the centrals. 
The bicuspids and molars are not noticeably large but have fairly prom- 
inent cusps with deep, well defined sulci. This mould articulates well with 
lower moulds 19-30 to form 28's. 
Indications. For short faces of great width. The patients for whom 
this mould is suitable are almost certain to be fleshy, the ridge to be rather 
thick linguo-labially and the lip thick and short. These patients cannot 
usually lift the lip much above the ridge in laughing. This mould is suitable 
for cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes about 7% mm. below 
the ridge and the lip is raised about 8% mm. 
MOULD 14. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 mm., width 7 mm., 
bite 3*4 mm., shut 3*4 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
43 to 44 mm. Approximate width full 14, 105 mm. Combined bite and shut 
of central, 7 % mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5^2 mm. No 
collar. 
The outlines of the anteriors of this mould are practically what the out- 
lines of the centrals in mould 13 would be if that mould had no collar. 
The bicuspids and molars are less than medium long, but present medium 
size occlusal surfaces with medium prominent cusps and deep sulci. They 
will be found useful in moderately close bite cases. 
The indications for the use of this mould are practically the same except 
that it is more available for plates without gums in front. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 2-3. 
94 MOULD 31. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 6 2/3 mm., 
bite 2 mm., shut 2^ mm., ridge-lap 514 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
42 mm. Approximate width full 14, 103 mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central, 5 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5 mm. Slight collar on 
anteriors. 
A thin, dainty mould. Centrals have greatest width in incisal third; slope 
by pleasing curves to medium necks. Laterals quite wide at cutting edge; 
have narrow necks. Anteriors show medium wide interdental spaces. Pos- 
teriors are without collar, are of medium length, have rounding buccal sur- 
faces, medium prominent cusps, and deep sulci. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 7-17. 
Indications. For rather small and dainty faces such as women of small 
stature and nervous temperament frequently present. For cases where the 
labio-incisal angle of bite comes 5 mm. below surface of ridge and lip is 
raised about 9 mm. 
By grinding of the slight collar on the anteriors this mould can readily 
be adapted for plates without anterior gums, a use for which the form of 
ridge-lap peculiarly adapts it. 
MOULD 41. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 mm., width 7 mm., 
bite 2^ mm., shut 2|^ mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Approximate width of com- 
bined anteriors, 43 mm. Approximate width full 14, 103 mm. Combined 
bite and shut of central, mm. Required vertical space second molar, 
4 mm. Collar. 
When seen by itself this mould seems to be medium wide. The centrals 
have their greatest width in the middle third, and carry it well upward to 
wide necks which look wider when seen on the wax, because of the collar. 
The laterals are nearly as long as the centrals and present much the same 
outline. 
The bicuspids are medium long, and but for the collar, have narrow 
necks. The buccal surfaces are bulging with a well marked ridge, quite 
sharp cusps, good occlusal surface, and well de§ned sulci. The molars are 
fairly long, with strongly marked buccal surfaces and good occlusal surfaces 
with sharp sulci. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 7-8. 
Indications. For medium long faces, of nearly medium width, rather 
full in the lower third. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 
5% mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised about 9 mm. in 
laughing. The slope of the ridge-lap is such that it will set partly under the 
ridge and partly in front of it. 
95 MOULD 37. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 1/3 mm., width 
7 mm., bite 3 mm., shut 3 1/3 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 
combined anteriors, 43 to 44 mm. Approximate width full 14, 104 mm. Com- 
bined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 
5 mm. No collar. 
The anteriors of this mould present a singularly pleasing outline. The 
centrals have their greatest width at the middle third, carried to a medium 
wide neck, with a beautiful curve, have a bulging distal surface and a round- 
ing disto-incisal angle. The laterals show the same general outline though 
possibly a little straighter, and the same is true of the cuspids. 
The bicuspids are of medium length with gently bulging buccal surfaces, 
medium large occlusal surfaces, prominent cusps and deep sulci. The molars 
are medium long, with fine occlusal surfaces. 
This mould articulates well with lower moulds 3-2 to form 28's. 
Indications. For faces of medium length, nearly medium width, and 
symmetrical oval outline. It is suggested that this mould is more suitable 
for people whose faces have not yet begun to show the marks of age. For 
cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 7 mm. below the surface of 
the ridge, and the lip is raised 9 mm. in speaking and laughing. Such cases 
show considerable vertical absorption, but the medium long shut makes it 
possible to get the necessary length with a slightly less than medium bite. 
The ridge-lap is such that this mould will set partly under the ridge, and may 
be ground so that it will set more so. 
MOULD 30. Dimensions of centrals: length 10^ mm., width 7 mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 3^ mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 42 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 100 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. No collar. 
Outlines of centrals like mould 19, as per illustration, save that this mould 
has no collar and the incisal edges are more nearly at right angles with the 
long axes of the teeth. 
Bicuspids and molars long and narrow with quite straight buccal surfaces 
and small occlusal surfaces. Quite thick lingual cusps. These bicuspids and 
molars could not be used where the bite in this region is close. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 3-2. 
Indications. For faces of medium length, with oval outlines, and with 
medium wide chin, and where it is desired to make a plate without gums in 
front, or is not thought necessary to support the cervical end of the teeth 
96 deeply in the rubber. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 
7 mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised about 9% mm. in 
laughing. In cases where there is considerable vertical absorption of the 
ridge in front, the length of the shut permits carrying the incisal edge down 
to the rest line without using an unusually long bite. 
MOULD 27. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 34 mm., width 634 mm., 
bite 4 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 234 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 40 
or 41 mm. Approximate width full 14, 100 or 101 mm. Combined bite and 
shut of central, 8^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Quite 
a deep collar. 
This is a lap lateral mould, and is intended to assist the dentist in getting 
away from the strictly regular setting of artificial teeth which is too general- 
ly employed. The laterals are made to lap the distal angles of the centrals, 
which round away to facilitate this setting. The enamel surface of the cen- 
trals is of slightly less than medium length, and quite narrow. The greatest 
width lies at the junction of the middle and incisal thirds and when the col- 
lar is covered with rubber, there is sufficient space between the necks. An 
accurate idea of the laterals can best be gained by studying the illustrations. 
The cuspids are of medium length and width in proportion io the centrals. 
The bicuspids and molars are of medium length, have narrow necks, and 
occlusal surfaces of good size and well marked. 
Plain lower mould 25 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
This mould articulates well with lower moulds 7-17 to form 28's. 
Indications. For narrow faces of medium length or slightly less, and 
tapering to oval chins. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 
about 8% mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised 9% mm. 
in laughing. For cases where there is considerable absorption of ridge and 
a tooth of medium shut must be employed to carry the incisal edge down to 
the rest line without undue length of bite. This should receive attention 
from the dentist, since the shape of the laterals permits many dififerent ar- 
rangements of the anteriors. In setting this mould both laterals should 
not be set in the same position, but varying degrees of slant and lapping may 
be employed with decided artistic advantage. 
MOULD 91. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width GM mm., 
bite 2 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 6 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
42 to 43 mm. Approximate width full 14, 99. Combined bite and shut of 
97 central, mm. Required vertical space second molar, mm. Medium 
deep collar. 
An extremely short bite mould. The outline of the central is long and 
narrow, with medium wide neck, and the distal angle considerably rounded. 
The laterals and cuspids are in excellent proportion to the centrals. The 
anterior teeth present flat labial surfaces. 
The bicuspids and molars are of medium size, with short cusps and well 
defined sulci. 
Plain lower mould 91 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
This mould articulates well with lower moulds 91-2 to form 28's. 
Indications. For faces of medium length but less than medium width, 
and tapering gently to chins of medium width. For cases where the ridge 
is long in proportion to the lip, so that the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 
only 5% mm. below the surface of the ridge. Valuable in those cases where 
the lip is raised high in laughing, since if the pins are set on the ridge, this 
tooth will cover a space 10 mm. long. The form of ridge-lap leaves quite a 
bulk to labial, which is sometimes desirable. 
MOULD 72. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 7% mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width of 6 anteriors, 
47 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 115 mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central 6^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5^2 mm. Very deep 
collar. 
The outlines of all teeth of this mould are so much like those in mould 
73, that it is unnecessary to describe them further than to say that they are 
larger in every dimension. A reading of the description of mould 73 and the 
comparison of the dimensions, will furnish all necessary information. 
Plain lower mould 72 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Lower moulds 72-73 articulate well with this mould. 
MOULD 24. Dimensions of upper centrals: length mm., width 
7 mm., bite 3 1/3 mm., shut 3 2/3 mm., ridge-lap 3^ mm. Approximate 
width of 6 anteriors, 43 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 107 or 108 mm. 
■Combined bite and shut of central, 7% mm. Required vertical space second 
molar, 5 mm. Collar. 
A very pleasing mould and suitable for a large number of cases. The 
centrals have their greatest width at the junction of the incisal and middle 
thirds, and the mesial surfaces bulge so that the mesio-incisal angles are 
98 slightly separated. The laterals are rather small in proportion to the cen- 
trals. The cuspids are of medium size. This mould has its greatest thickness 
in the cervical third, and in this section the anteriors present quite bulging 
labial surfaces. 
This mould articulates well with lower mould 1 to form 28's. 
The bicuspids in this mould are short, narrow mesio-distally, with round- 
ing cusps, and well' defined sulci. 
The molars are short, but have very large occlusal surfaces with deep 
sulci. 
Indications. Well suited to pretty, rounding faces of medium length 
and plump features. For cases where the smallness of the lower arch 
demands that the upper anteriors shall be perpendicular instead of pointing 
outward, as is normally the case. The thickness of this mould in the cervical 
third helps achieve this result in an artistic manner. For cases where the labio- 
incisal angle of bite comes about 7% rnm. below the surface of the ridge and 
the lip is raised 9% mm. 
MOULD 79. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 J4 mm., width 7 2/3 
mm., bite 4 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3*4 mm. Approximate width of 6 
anteriors, 45 or 46 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 108 or 109 mm. Com- 
bined bite and shut of central, 7*4 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 
5 *4 mm. Collar. 
A strictly medium mould, the centrals showing good breadth with round- 
ing curves. They have their greatest width at the junction of the incisal and 
middle thirds. The mesio-incisal angles are separated and interdental spaces 
of good width show between the necks. The laterals are practically as long 
as the centrals. 
The bicuspids are of medium length, with good occlusal surfaces, promi- 
nent cusps and well defined sulci. The molars are shorter and show a shorter 
bite. The lingual cusps on the posterior are quite thick. 
Plain lower mould 79 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
This mould articulates well with lower moulds 79-5 to form 28's. 
Indications. For faces of medium length and good width, with plump 
features. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes about 7% mm. 
below the surface of the ridge and the lip is raised about 9% mm. 
MOULD 39. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 2/3 mm., width 7*4 
mm., bite 2 2/3 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width of 6 
99 anteriors, 43 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 103 mm. Combined bite and 
shut of central, 7 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5 mm. Slight 
collar. 
A lap lateral mould, rather thick. The centrals have bulging labial sur- 
faces and wide necks giving an immediate impression of strength. The 
laterals are marked by narrow necks, and pronounced mesio-incisal angles 
to permit setting them as lap laterals. The cuspids are rather narrow in pro- 
portion to the centrals. 
The bicuspids and molars are of medium size, with rounding cusps and 
fairly well defined sulci. The buccal surfaces of the bicuspids are quite bulg- 
ing. 
This mould articulates well with lower moulds 8-2 to form 28's. 
Indications. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 7 
mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised about 10 mm. in 
laughing. For cases where the ridge is thin, and bulk is needed labially. The 
form of the ridge-lap is such that it extends well up in front of the ridge. 
A mould well suited for male faces of medium dimensions and rather 
strong features. The lap lateral in this mould makes it easier to secure an 
artistic setting than would be the case with ordinary laterals. 
MOULD 25. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 2/3 mm., width 
7 2/3 mm., bite 3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 4 2/3 mm. Approximate width of 
6 anteriors, 44 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 107 mm. Combined bite and 
shut of central, 6^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5% mm. 
Collar. 
This mould verges a little towards those having wide anteriors. The 
centrals have their greatest width in the incisal third, carried by rather flat 
curves to rather wide necks. They are made to set on something of a mesial 
slant, and when the collars are covered show medium interdental spaces. The 
laterals and cuspids are in excellent proportion. All the anteriors present 
rather flat labial surfaces. 
The bicuspids and molars are without collars, are quite long in proportion 
to the anteriors and present good size occlusal surfaces, with well defined 
cusps and sulci. 
The bicuspids and molars have thick lingual cusps to permit grinding. 
This mould articulates well with lower moulds 5-3 to form 28's. 
Indications. For rather wide faces of medium length, with wide chins 
and flat curves. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 6% 
mm. below the surface of the ridge and the lip is raised 10 mm. 
100 MOULD 92. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 10 2/3 mm., width 
7 2/3 mm., bite 4 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3 2/3 mm. Approximate width of 
6 anteriors, 45 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 110 mm. Combined bite and 
shut of central, 7^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7 mm. Very 
slight collar. 
A medium length mould of good width which tapers to necks narrower 
than medium, leaving wide interdental spaces. Owing to the thickness of the 
mould, the labial surfaces are rather bulging. This is especially marked in the 
cuspids. 
The bicuspids are of medium length with prominent cusps and deep sulci. 
The mesial half of the occlusal surface of the first bicuspid slopes cervically 
as it nears the mesial surface, so that the buccal cusps of the opposing lower 
bicuspids may drive the upper plate upward and backward. The molars are of 
medium length and have an almost horizontal ridge-lap. They are fitted to 
set on top of the ridge. 
Plain lower mould 92 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
This mould articulates well with lower moulds 92-5 to form 28's. 
Indications. For faces of medium length and good width, rather rounding 
features and rather pointed chins. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of 
bite comes about 7% mm. below the surface of the ridge and the lip is raised 
about 10 mm. The short ridge-lap permits the central to set almost under the 
ridge. 
MOULD 40. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 7 mm., bite 
4% mm., shut 2^ mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 44 or 
45 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 105 mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central, 7^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5^ mm. Collar. 
A thick mould with noticeably thick cuspids. The centrals are quite nar- 
row in proportion to their length and carry their width well upward to wide 
necks. Laterals are of medium size in proportion to centrals. 
The bicuspids are of medium size, the second presenting a considerably 
larger occlusal surface than the first. The molars are rather small in propor- 
tion to the other teeth. 
This mould articulates well with lower moulds 8-2 to form 28's. 
Indications. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 7% mm. 
below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised about 10 mm. in laughing. 
Especially adapted for cases where it is desired to make a thin plate directly 
below the ridge, or where the lower anteriors come close to the upper ridge, 
yet the upper lip hangs far down. 
101 The thickness of the cuspids lends itself to an artistic arrangement by the 
dentist, since few artificial plates are sufficiently prominent in the cuspid 
region to restore anything like a normal expression. 
At the same time they will accommodate lower cuspids which have moved 
up to undue prominence. 
The outlines of the anterior teeth harmonize with a face of medium length, 
nearly medium width, and medium wide chin. 
MOULD 28. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 11 mm., width 7}£ mm., 
bite 2 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 6 mm. Approximate width of 6 anteriors), 45 
mm. Approximate width of full 14, 106 mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 5J^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5 mm. Collar. 
The outlines of the centrals in this mould are characterized by rather 
straight, approximal surfaces which converge to medium wide necks. The 
approximal surfaces of the laterals and cuspids are not quite so straight. 
The labial surface as shown in this outline is very straight. 
The bicuspids and molars are short, have quite prominent buccal surfaces, 
fairly prominent cusps, and well defined sulci. 
This mould articulates well with moulds 65-16 to form 28's. 
Indications. Suitable for faces of full medium length, with prominent 
bony framework, with rather thin flesh, so as to be what is commonly known 
as angular. For cases where the ridge is fairly long so that the labio-incisal 
angle of bite comes about 5YZ mm. below it, and the lip is raised about 10 mm. 
MOULD 29. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 11 mm., width 7% 
mm., bite 3 2/3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 4 1/3 mm. Approximate width of 6 
anteriors, 45 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 109 mm. Combined bite and 
shut of central, 7 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5 mm. Collar. 
A thick bulging mould. Centrals have their width near the incisal edge, a 
rounding outline and medium wide necks, separated by interdental spaces of 
moderate width. The laterals and cuspids are of medium size in proportion to 
the centrals. All the anteriors in this mould are intended to set with quite a 
mesial slant. All have bulging, labial surfaces, especially the cuspids, in which 
the ridge from cusp to neck is decidedly marked. 
The bicuspids are narrow mesio-distally. 
The molars have large, almost square, occlusal surfaces. 
This mould articulates well with lower moulds 1-16 to form 28's. 
102 Indications. For plump faces of medium length and width. Like moulds 
12 and 24, this mould is intended to set vertically to the ridge so far as outward 
slant is concerned. It is quite a thick mould, and makes less rubber necessary 
over the ridge than a thinner mould. For cases where the labio-incisal angle 
of bite comes about 7 mm. below the surface of the ridge, and the lip is raised 
10 mm. . \ 
MOULD 63. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 11 mm., width 7J£ 
mm., bite 2 1/3 mm., shut 2 2/3 mm., ridge-lap 6 mm. Approximate width of 6 
anteriors, 44 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 103 mm. Combined bite and 
shut of central, 5^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Collar. 
A flat mould, having its greatest width very close to the cutting edge and 
characterized by straight mesial surfaces of the incisors, with very flat curves 
in the distal surfaces. This leaves a wide interdental space which extends 
down to the incisal third. 
The bicuspids and molars are small in comparison with the anteriors. 
The first bicuspid presents a small occlusal surface, the second bicuspid a 
medium sized one. Both of the molars are narrow linguo-bucally. 
This mould articulates well with lower moulds 8-7 to form 28's. 
Indications. For faces of full, medium length or more with large bony 
development, so that the cheeks are inclined to be flat. For cases where the 
ridge and lips are of normal length, but the patient has the habit of raising 
the lip high on the ridge. This mould may be used with advantage where the 
labio-incisal angle of bite comes about 5% mm. below the ridge and the lip 
is raised about 10 mm. 
MOULD 46. Dimensions of upper centrals: length 11U mm., width 7^ 
mm., bite 3^ mm., shut 5^ mm., ridge-lap 2U mm. Approximate width of 6 
anteriors, 44 to 45 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 105 mm. Combined 
bite and shut of central, 9^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5% 
mm. Collar. 
Collar more noticeable in the posteriors. The centrals of this mould carry 
their width so far cervically as to make them square looking. They are made 
to set on quite a mesial slant and show good interdental spaces. The laterals 
are quite narrow in proportion to the centrals. The cuspids are of medium 
width. 
The bicuspids are of good length, but narrow mesio-distally. The first is 
smaller than the second. The molars are rather long and have medium sized 
occlusal surfaces. 
103 This mould articulates well with lower moulds 3-5 to form 28's. 
Indications. For faces of medium length, or slightly over, which carry 
their width well down toward the chin. For cases where the ridge is very 
short, and the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 9% mm. below it. 
While the length of the centrals of mould 103 is practically the same, in 
this mould the mechanical requirements differ from the fact that mould 103 
shows a longer bite, with not so long a shut. This mould is intended for cases 
when the distance between the incisal edges of the lower anteriors and the 
surface of the upper gum is at least 6 mm. 
MOULD 66. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 1/3 mm., width 7% mm., 
bite 3% mm., shut 4% mm., ridge-lap 3 1/3 mm. Approximate width of 6 
anteriors, 45 mm. Approximate width of full 14, 114 mm. Combined bite and 
shut of central, 8% mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7 mm. No 
collar. 
The narrowness of the centrals in this mould would entitle it to a place 
among the narrow moulds, but the width of the full 14 classes it as medium 
wide. The laterals are fully as long as the centrals. The cuspids are long and 
wide. The bicuspids and molars are large in all diameters, with prominent 
cusps and very deep sulci. The bicuspids and molars have very thick lingual 
cusps, which permit extensive grinding. 
This mould articulates well with lower mould 66 to form 28's. 
Indications. For cases which require comparatively narrow front teeth, 
but large bicuspids and molars. Cases sometimes -present where the 
mouth, as represented by the opening between the lips is small, but the ridge 
is very long from tuberosity to tuberosity. Sometimes in these cases teeth 
have been extracted many years, and the ridge is extensively absorbed. The 
form of ridge-lap fits the anteriors to set partly under the ridge, and to carry 
the incisal edge down 8% mm. according to how the centrals are set. For cases 
where the high line is about 10% mm. above the labio-incisal angle of bite. 
MEDIUM LONG MOULDS. 
MEDIUM LONG AND WIDE. 
MOULD 75. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 2/3 mm., width 9 1/3 mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3 2/3 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
104 50 mm. Approximate width full 14, 116 mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 6% mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. No collar. 
The centrals are nearly as wide as they are long. The greatest width is 
in the middle third. Necks wide. Interdental space short and narrow. The 
laterals show straighten outlines than the centrals. The labial surfaces of all 
the anteriors look quite flat. 
The bicuspids are of medium length, with medium size occlusal surfaces, 
prominent cusps and medium deep sulci. The molars are of medium size, short 
bite and medium deep sulci. All the posteriors have collars to assist in their 
retention. 
Plain lower mould 75 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 69-19. 
Indications. For short faces of great proportionate width. Valuable for 
plates without anterior gums. For cases where the length of lip permits the 
tooth to set pretty well under the ridge. For cases where the labio-incisal 
angle of bite comes about 0% mm. below the ridge and the lip is raised 9 mm. 
MOULD 71. Dimensions of centrals: length 1014 mm., width 8 mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 214 mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 45 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 108 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. 
Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Collar. ' 
The centrals show a rounding outline with its greatest width near the 
middle third. Medium wide necks with medium interdental spaces. Laterals 
are small and present outlines similar to those of centrals and very narrow 
necks. Cuspids of good size. 
The bicuspids are of medium length, have small occlusal surfaces. The 
molars are short. The first molars have large occlusal surfaces with excellent 
markings. The seconds are not so large but are equally well marked. 
Plain lower mould 71 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 5-6. 
Indications. For fleshy faces of about medium length but wider than 
medium, with chins rather narrow in proportion. For cases where the labio- 
incisal angle of bite comes about 6 mm. below the surface of ridge and the 
lip is raised about 9y2 mm. 
MOULD 69. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 2/3 mm., width 8|£ mm.» 
bite 2% mm., shut 3% mm., ridge-lap 4 2/3 mm. Approximate width 6 anteri- 
ors, 48 mm. Approximate width full 14, 115 mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central, 6% mm. Required vertical space second molar, 514 mm. Deep collar. 
105 When the deep collar is covered with rubber, the enamel surface of the 
centrals is nearly as wide as it is long. The greatest width lies at the junction 
of the incisal and middle thirds; the mesio-incisal angles are slightly separated 
and the interdental space is short and narrow. The laterals have a similar out- 
line, much narrowed. 
The bicuspids are medium long, have bulging buccal surfaces, and large 
occlusal surfaces showing prominent cusps and deep sulci. The molars are 
short with good size occlusal surfaces, showing prominent cusps and deep sulci. 
Plain lower mould 69 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 75-19. 
Indications. For wide faces which carry the width well down into the 
lower third, so as to make rather square outlines. For cases where the labio- 
incisal angle of bite is carried about 6% mm. below the surface of the ridge 
and the lip is raised 10 mm. The ridge-lap is sufficiently hollow to carry the 
pins well under the ridge. 
MOULD 1. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 7 2/3 mm., 
bite 4 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 46 
mm. Approximate width full 14, 107 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
8^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5^ mm. Collar. 
A rather square looking mould when seen on the wax, where the collar is 
exposed; not nearly so square looking when the collar is covered with rubber. 
Large and strong looking with the greatest width near the middle third. 
Laterals of good size in proportion to centrals. Cuspids seem rather small. 
Bicuspids and molars small in proportion to centrals. Cusps rounding. 
The sulci are fairly well defined in the bicuspids but are faint in the molars. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 6-28. 
Indications. Harmonizes with large, strong faces in medium flesh. For 
cases where the mouth is wide from cuspid to cuspid. Desirable also in broad 
arches where small posteriors are advised. For cases where the labio-incisal 
angle of bite comes about 8% mm. below the surface of ridge and lip is raised 
about 10 mm. 
MOULD 105. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 8^ mm., 
bite 4 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 47 
mm. Approximate width full 14, 116 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
8% mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7 mm. No collar. 
106 The outlines and dimensions-of the anteriors in this mould are practically 
identical with those in mould 104 except that the cuspids are narrower and 
shorter, making the width of the combined anteriors less. 
The bicuspids are larger than in mould 104 and the molars smaller. The 
width of full 14 is 3 mpi.'less than in mould 104. 
Plain lower mould 105 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 101-104. 
Indications. For faces similar to those for mould 104 with smaller mouths. 
For cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes about 8% mm. below the 
surface of the ridge. 
MOULD 107. Dimensions of centrals: length 11^ mm., width 8^ mm., 
bite 4^ mm., shut 3^ mm., ridge-lap 3 34 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
49 mm. Approximate width full 14, 119 mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 8^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6% mm. No collar. 
Outlines of anteriors similar to those in mould 105, save on a larger scale 
and with slightly rounder curves. 
The first bicuspid is small and the occlusal surface slopes away mesially 
so that the impact of the opposing tooth shall drive the plate up and back. 
The second bicuspid is of medium size. Both have short cusps and shallow 
sulci. 
The molars are long mesio-distally and greatly increase the width of the 
full 14. They have short cusps and well defined sulci. 
Plain lower mould 107 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 104-101. 
Indications. For large faces with wide mouths, and medium to wide chins. 
For cases where the ridge is long between tuberosities and there is consider- 
able absorption or a long lip so that the labio-incisal angle of bite comes about 
8% mm. below the surface of the ridge. The short shut avoids bulk of rubber 
over the ridge, and the long bite carries the cutting edge down as described. 
LONG MOULDS. 
LONG AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
The narrowest of the long moulds are the size determined as medium wide. 
This is sufficiently narrow for upper moulds of such length and in several cases 
gives a very narrow appearance as will be seen from the illustrations of moulds 
81, 8 and 38. 
The first five moulds here described, viz., Nos. 26, 81, 78, 10 and 8, are 
practically of the same length. They differ in other respects. 
107 MOULD 26. Dimensions of centrals: length 11% mm., width 7% mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 5% mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 45 
mm. Approximate width full 14, 106 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
6% mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5 mm. Deep collar. 
But little larger than the largest of the "medium long" group. Centrals 
show very pleasing outline which makes them look smaller. Rather narrow 
necks. Interdental space rather long and gracefully tapering. Laterals of 
good size in proportion to centrals. Cuspids medium. 
Bicuspids are quite long. The first bicuspid has a rather small occlusal 
surface; the second is of medium size. The molars are rather long and present 
medium size occlusal surfaces. The cusps in bicuspids and molars are round- 
ing with deep sulci. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 11-16. 
Indications. For faces slightly longer than medium and rather narrow 
with pleasantly rounded features and medium chin. For cases where the labio- 
incisal angle of bite comes only about 6% mm. below the surface of ridge and 
lip is raised about 10% mm. 
MOULD 81. Dimensions of centrals: 11% mm., width 7% mm., bite 5% 
mm., shut 3% mm., ridge-lap 2% mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 45 
mm. Approximate width full 14, 108 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
9% mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7 mm. Collar. 
A Haskell mould. 
Of the same length and width as mould 26, but is much thicker linguo- 
labially, has a long bite, longer shut and very much shorter ridge-lap. The 
outline of the incisors is more bulging, the necks narrower, the interdental 
space longer and wider. 
The bicuspids are much larger than in mould 26, have deep sulci, and 
rounding cusps. The molars are of medium size with the occlusal surfaces 
similarly marked. 
The lingual cusps of bicuspids and molars are very thick to permit grinding 
and retain strength. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 6-5. 
Indications. For faces of same dimensions as described under mould 26, 
but with plumper features. For cases where the ridge is much shorter in pro- 
portion to the lip and the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 9% mm. below sur- 
108 face of ridge, while the lip is raised about 10% mm. Such conditions require 
a tooth to set almost under the ridge, which this mould does. The long bite 
and short shut permit meeting these conditions without making a bulky plate. 
MOULD 76. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 7% mm., bite 
4 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 45 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 109 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8% 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5% mm. Collar. 
The outlines of the anteriors of this mould are like those of mould 8, save 
that the necks are narrower and the curves slightly more rounding. 
The bicuspids are much larger than in mould 8, have narrow necks with 
faint transverse ridges, bell shaped crowns, medium size occlusal surfaces, 
medium prominent cusps and deep sulci. The molars show these character- 
istics, but have less prominent cusps. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 5-6-28-16. 
Indications. For faces having the proportions of mould 8, but where wider 
bicuspids and molars are indicated. 
MOULD 38. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 7% mm., bite 
3% mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 5% mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 45 
mm. Approximate width full 14, 105 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
7 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5 mm. Collar. 
The proportions of this mould make it look narrow. The centrals set 
quite perpendicular to the ridge, have flat curves and carry the width well cer- 
vically to comparatively wide necks. Laterals show same characteristics. 
The bicuspids are rather short with deep collars, rounding cusps, deep 
sulci and medium occlusal surfaces. The molars are fairly long, with well 
marked buccal surfaces and good size occlusal surfaces with deep sulci. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 11-16. 
Indications. For long narrow faces which carry their width well down- 
ward by rather flat curves. For cases where the ridge is fairly long in propor- 
tion to the lip so that the labio-incisal angle of bite comes about 8% mm. be- 
low the surface of the ridge, while the lip is raised 11 mm. This necessarily 
exposes considerable of the ridge and this mould covers it well. 
109 MOULD 56. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 794 mm., bite 
4 mm., shut 3}£ mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 45 
mm. Approximate width full 14, 109 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
8mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7 mm. Collar. 
A Haskell mould. 
The outlines of all the teeth of this mould are practically the same as in 
mould 81, save that these centrals are % mm. longer and all the anteriors have 
narrower necks. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 6-5. 
Indications. This mould and mould 81 form excellent examples of the 
mechanical indications for selecting between moulds of the same length, width 
and outline. 
Mould 81 has a very long bite, medium shut and short ridge-lap. It is in- 
dicated where the lip hangs far below the ridge. 
Mould 56 has a shorter bite, the same shut and a longer ridge-lap. It is 
indicated where the ridge is longer so that the lip does not hang so far below 
it when at rest, but exposes more ridge when raised as in laughing. Mould 56 
is for cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 8% mm. below the sur- 
face of the ridge and is raised about 11 mm. 
MOULD 49. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 8 mm., bite 
4 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 48 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 107 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7|^ 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5% mm. Collar. 
A flat looking mould. Greatest width of incisors in incisal third. Medium 
necks. Rather long interdental space. Laterals and cuspids of good size. 
Bicuspids are long, with narrow necks, marked by transverse grooves and 
medium size occlusal surfaces with sharp buccal cusps and well defined sulci. 
Molars have small occlusal surfaces. Markings correspond with those on 
bicuspids. 
Plain lower mould 49 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 16-6. 
Indications. For long faces rather wide at the upper part and tapering bv 
flat curves to medium wide chins. For cases where the labio-incisal angle nf 
bite comes 7% mm. below surface of ridge and lip is raised 11 mm. 
110 MOULD 86. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 8 mm., bite 4 
mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 48 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 109 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8^ 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7}& mm. Collar in the anteriors. 
A Haskell mould. 
One of the widest of the medium wide moulds. The anteriors carry the 
width into the middle third, have wide necks and show narrow interdental 
spaces. 
The bicuspids are rather short, without collar, have very straight buccal 
surfaces, and medium size occlusal surfaces with prominent cusps and deep 
sulci. The molars are of good proportionate size to the bicuspids. Both bicus- 
pids and molars have thick lingual cusps to permit grinding. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 6-5. 
Indications. For long faces of good width. For cases where lip and ridge 
are of good proportionate length so that the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 
about 8% mm. below the surface of the ridge and the lip is raised about 11 mm. 
MOULD 96. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 81^ mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 5% mm., ridge-lap 3}£ mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 70 
mm. Approximate width full 14, 117 mm. Combined bite and shut, 8% mm. 
Required vertical space second molar, 6% mm. 
The anteriors are quite large as seen in the illustration, but when the 
collar is covered with rubber, they look much smaller. The centrals set with 
a pleasing mesial slant. This is noticeably increased in the laterals. If the 
anteriors are set to bring the cutting edges in proper positions, a most natural 
and pleasing arrangement of the anteriors will be secured. 
The bicuspids and molars present medium size occlusal surfaces with 
rather shallow sulci and medium prominent cusps. 
r 
This favors easy articulation by the dentist. 
111 Was made to articulate with plain lower mould No. 96. Articulates 
also with plain lowers Nos. 12-18. 
Indications. For faces of more than medium size such as often present 
with people of large frame and medium flesh. 
MOULD 95. Dimensions of centrals: length 13 mm., width 8 mm., bite 
5 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 48 mm. 
Approximate width full 14, 113 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 9}£ 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7^ mm. Slight collar. 
The centrals carry their width cervically by quite straight approximal 
surface, to wide necks. They show very small interdental spaces. The 
laterals are of good size in proportion to the centrals. 
The bicuspids and molars are long, with thick lingual cusps over pins. 
The shut is long and the ridge-lap medium. The cusps are short and the 
sulci shallow. The molars have very short cusps and shallow sulci. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 95-12. 
MOULD 74. Dimensions of centrals: length 13% mm., width 7% mm., 
hite 5 mm., shut 3*4 mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
46 mm. Approximate width full 14, 108 mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 9 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Deep collar. 
The anteriors of this mould have their greatest widths in the incisal third 
and taper by flat curves to narrow necks. This leaves long interdental spaces. 
The bicuspids are long, narrow mesio-distally, have narrow necks, prom- 
inent cusps and deep sulci. The molars are similar but are not narrow mesio- 
distally. 
Plain lower mould 74 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 6-16. 
Indications. For long narrow faces. For cases where the lip so over- 
hangs the ridge as to bring the labio-incisal angle of bite 9 mm. below 
surface of ridge, and where the lip is raised 13 mm. Such cases present to 
■every dentist and this mould greatly assists in getting artistic results. 
112 LONG MOULDS. 
LONG AND WIDE. 
MOULD 101. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width mm., 
bite 4% mm., shut 5 mm., ridge-lap 2^ mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
49 mm. Approximate width full 14, 115 mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 10 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6^ mm. No collar. 
Does not look like so large a mould as it really is. Anteriors have very 
pleasing outlines, with medium necks, shapely curves. 
First bicuspid is small and the occlusal surface slopes away to mesial so 
that the opposing tooth will drive the plate up and back. Second bicuspid of 
medium size with shallow cusps and sulci. Molars are long, with short bite 
and shallow cusps and sulci. Lingual cusps of second bicuspid and molars 
thick over pins. 
Plain lower mould 101 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 107-18. 
Indications. For large, well proportioned faces. For cases where the 
labio-incisal angle of bite comes about 10 mm. below the surface of ridge, and 
anteriors must set almost under ridge. Useful where anteriors are to be sup- 
plied in cases showing marked absorption. The bite is long and helps avoid 
undue bulk of rubber over ridge. 
MOULD 64. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 9 mm., bite 
3^ mm., shut mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
50 mm. Approximate width full 14, 113 mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central, 7 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5^ mm. 
A wide looking mould of pleasing outline. When the collars of the 
anteriors are covered with rubber, the necks are only medium wide, and leave 
well shaped interdental spaces. Disto-incisal angles prettily rounded. A very 
thin mould for its size. All the anteriors have flat labial surfaces. Laterals 
made to set on quite a mesial slant. Cuspids wide and rather flat. 
Bicuspids and molars have rather narrow necks and bell shaped crowns. 
Medium size occlusal surfaces with well defined sulci and excellent cusps. 
Articulates well with lower moulds 18-19. 
113 Indications. For long, wide faces such as large, fleshy people sometimes 
present. For wide arches. For cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite 
comes about 7 mm. below surface of ridge and lip is raised about 11 mm. 
Valuable where a thin mould must be used to avoid bulk under upper lip. 
MOULD 84. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 9^ mm., 
bite 3^ mm., shut 4^2 mm., ridge-lap 3^2 mm. Approximate width 6 anteri- 
ors, 53 mm. Approximate width full 14, 123 mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central, 8^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6^ mm. No collar. 
The outlines of the incisors are rounding, show the greatest width at the 
junction of the middle and incisal thirds and taper to comparatively narrow 
necks. The laterals are of good width in proportion to the centrals and 
cuspids. 
While the bicuspids are large teeth as compared with any of the ordinary 
moulds they are none too large in proportion to the anteriors. They present 
well marked occlusal surfaces, medium shut, slightly hollowed ridge-lap, and 
a lingual cusp which is thick over the pins. The molars are, if anything, a 
trifle short in proportion to the bicuspids, and the ridge-lap is such as to per- 
mit setting them nearly on top of the ridge. The porcelain in the lingual 
cusps over the pin is thick and may be ground, if necessary, to a considerable 
extent. 
Plain lower mould 84 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Indications. For very large people, with large round faces and wide 
arches. The anteriors from this mould are sometimes useful where the 
natural a<nteriors have moved out of position, owing to long previous extrac- 
tion and either one wide tooth or two very small ones must be used to fill 
the gap. This condition is more likely to exist where the lower incisors have 
driven the uppers forward. 
MOULD 85. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 12 mm., bite 
4 mm., shut 4^ mm., ridge-lap mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 65 
mm. Approximate width full 14, 138 mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 9 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5^2 mm. No collar. 
A very large mould of slightly greater length than mould 84, but of one- 
third greater width in the centrals. The laterals are nearly as long as the 
centrals and quite wide. The cuspids are noticeably wide. The labial surfaces 
114 of the anteriors are quite flat and the tooth is thin in proportion to its size. 
The bicuspids and molars are in good proportion to the anteriors and while 
they are really large teeth, do not appear so in the set. The occlusal surfaces 
are well marked and show very prominent buccal cusps with deep sulci. The 
ridge-lap is quite long and not hollowed in the bicuspids, and short and hol- 
lowed in the molar. 
No lower mould articulates well with it. 
Indications. For faces of medium or more than medium length and of 
great proportionate width. In fact, the face with which this mould is to har- 
monize should be as wide as it is long. This mould can only be used for 
arches very much wider than normal. The width of this mould may be roughly 
determined by the fact that if one third molar be taken off, the remaining thir- 
teen teeth are as wide from side to side, as one of the pieces of wax on which 
Twentieth Century Teeth are mounted. This tooth is intended to set well 
under the ridge but the long shut leaves room to grind as may be desired in 
this respect. 
MOULD 82. Dimensions of centrals: length 14% mm., width 9^ mm., 
bite 6mm., shut 6 mm., ridge-lap 2% rnm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
57 mm. Approximate width full 14, 128 mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 13 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7 mm. Collar. 
An extremely large mould. Anteriors have greatest width in middle third. 
The necks are wide and show narrow interdental spaces. 
Bicuspids very large, with short bite, shallow sulci and lingual cusps, 
thick over pins. Molars are long, with good occlusal surfaces and faint sulci. 
Also have thick lingual cusps. 
Plain lower mould 82 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Molars are long, with good lingual cusps thick over pins. 
Indications. For absorption cases where the measurements indicate 
teeth of this size. Anteriors will set under ridge. The bite is as long as can 
well be and for its length this mould does not require much rubber over 
ridge. 
MOULD 83. Dimensions of centrals: length 15% mm., width 9 mm., 
bite 6 mm., shut 7 mm., ridge-lap 2% mm. Approximate width 6 anteriors, 
52 mm. Approximate width full 14, 123 mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 13^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 9 mm. No collar. 
115 The longest Twentieth Century mould, but not so wide as mould 82. 
Outlines of anteriors very pleasing, considering the great length. 
Bicuspids and molars very long. Bicuspids have large occlusal surfaces. 
Molars are medium in proportion. Posteriors have thick lingual cusps. 
Plain lower mould 83 was made especially to articulate with this mould. 
Indications. For cases showing marked absorption of ridge, or any case 
where these measurements will fit. The ridge-lap permits these teeth to set 
directly under ridge. 
BICUSPIDS AND MOLARS WITH 
HALF CUSPS. 
These moulds have no lingual cusps. They are for use where the bite is 
extremely close. The ridge-laps are hollow, permitting the 
pins to set directly on the ridge. 
MOULD 1. 1st bicuspid-Length, 8% mm. Width, 6% mm. Bite, 2 
mm. Combined bite and shut, 4% mm. 
2nd bicuspid-Length, 8% mm. Width, 7 mm. Bite, 2% mm. Com- 
bined bite and shut, 5 mm. 
1st molar-Length, 8% mm. Width, 9% mm. Bite, 2% mm. Com- 
bined bite and shut, 5 mm. 
2nd molar-Length 7% mm. Width, 9 mm. Bite, 2 mm. Combined bite 
and shut, 4% mm. 
Combined width of bicuspids and molars, 32 mm. 
MOULD 2. 1st bicuspid-Length, 10 mm. Width, 6% mm. Bite, 2% mm. 
Combined bite and shut, 5 mm. 
2nd bicuspid-Length, 10 mm. Width 7 mm. Bite, 3 mm. Combined 
bite and shut, 5% mm. 
1st molar-Length, 9 mm. Width, 9 mm. Bite, 3 mm. Combined 
bite and shut, 5% mm. 
2nd molar-Length, 8 mm. Width, 9 mm. Bite 2% mm. Combined bite 
and shut, 5 mm. 
Combined bite of bicuspids and molars, 31% mm. 
116 MOULD 3. 1st bicuspid-Length, 9 mm. Width, 614 mm. Bite, 3 mm. 
Combined bite and shut, 514 mm. 
2nd bicuspid-Length, 9^ mm. Width, 7 mm. Bite 314 mm. Combined 
bite and shut, 6 mm. 
1st molar-Length, 814 mm. Width, 914 mm- Bite, 3 mm. Combined 
bite and shut, 5% mm. 
2nd molar-Length, 8 mm. Width, 9 mm. Bite, 214 mm. Combined 
bite and shut, 5 mm. 
Combined width of bicuspids and molars, 32 mm. 
117 CHAPTER XI. 
Plain Vulcanite Lower Moulds 
IN TWENTIETH CENTURY, SOLILA AND DENTSPLY TEETH. 
Helpful Hints Regarding Selection. Tables Showing 
Millimeter Measurements, Cuts and Descriptions. 
Selecting Lower Teeth. 
Where lower teeth are desired to articulate with upper teeth 
which are being selected at the same time, we suggest that a mould 
be taken from the column which shows what lower moulds articu- 
late with the chosen upper mould. 
Since the first edition of this book was published, new cardings 
of upper and lower anteriors in 42 moulds have been arranged and 
are shown in Table No. 1. 
The relations between these upper and lower anteriors are very 
nearly the relations common in good natural dentures. 
In the other vulcanite moulds, the cardings have not been 
changed. 
118 Only a few lower moulds are of proper width to articulate with 
any given upper. Those of proper width for each upper will be 
found in the table of uppers, in the column headed "Articulates 
with lower moulds." 
When, however, a set of lowers must be selected to articulate 
with natural teeth on the upper jaw or with an upper plate where 
the mould of the teeth is unknown, the following hints will prove 
useful. 
Get a model of the lower jaw and a model of the upper teeth or 
plate. Moisten the ridge of the lower model with water and adapt 
a base plate over it. Soften enough wax, make into a roll of proper 
length and thickness, place on top of the base plate adapted over the 
lower ridge, and fasten the two together by means of a hot spatula 
or by pouring melted wax between the base plate and the roll. By 
trimming the occlusal, labial and lingual surfaces this makes a trial 
plate. 
Put this in the patient's mouth and trim it until the edge in 
front comes just where the edges of the lower anteriors should 
come. Trim it occlusally so that it will keep the jaws a little more 
than the right distance apart. When this has been done, soften the 
upper occlusal surface of this built-up bite and have the patient bite 
the uppers into it enough to bring the lips into proper relation. 
Have the patient depress the lip with the depressor muscles and 
mark the low line on the wax. If the upper model be placed in the 
imprints selection of teeth will be easy and rapid. 
Mark a median line. Make a mark opposite the point of each 
upper cuspid and a mark opposite the disto-buccal cusp of each up- 
per second molar. Thrust a pin through the wax horizontally on a 
level with the ridge and leave the pin hole. 
With the millimeter measure in hand our work will be simple. 
Measure from the cutting edge of the upper central to the low line 
and add 2.5 mm., 1.5 for underbite and 1 for collar. This is the 
length of the central. Measure between the points of the upper 
cuspids following around the trial plate. This is the width of the 
six anteriors. Measure between the marks opposite the disto-buccal 
119 cusps of the upper second molars. This is the width of the full 14. 
Measure from the pin hole to the cutting edge of the incisor. This 
gives the combined bite and shut. 
By using these measurements in connection with the table ar- 
ranged according to size, pages 121-124, in the same way that the 
measurements are used for the upper teeth, a mould may be quickly 
selected which will meet all the mechanical requirements of the case. 
How the Dimensions For Lower Moulds Are Obtained. 
Dimensions of central. The ''length" represents the greatest 
vertical diameter of the tooth. The "width" represents the great- 
est horizontal diameter. The "combined bite and shut" is gained 
by adding the length of the bite and shut and one-half millimeter 
additional for working space. It may therefore be used just as it 
reads. 
The widths of the incisors, six anteriors and full 14's were 
taken when the teeth were set to articulate with uppers set on the 
Bonwill circle. The width of any anteriors or full 14 may be 
altered by slight manipulations of the teeth which will readily 
suggest themselves to any practical dentist. 
The plain upper moulds with which any lower articulates best 
are given in order of excellence of articulation, the best being given 
first. When the number of an upper mould is in blacker type, the 
lower was designed especially to articulate with that upper. 
Plain Lower Moulds in 6's (anteriors) Only. 
Following the descriptions of the plain lower moulds in full sets 
(14's) will be found illustrations and measurements of 18 special 
lower moulds which are made in anteriors only. 
The cuts show the moulds so well that no detailed descriptions, 
other than the measurements should be necessary. 
These moulds are very popular in Europe. 
120 TABLE NO. 4 
Plain Vulcanite Lower Moulds 
REGULARLY COMPRISING ANATOMICAL BICUSPIDS AND MOLARS. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
Mould 
No. 
DIMENSIONS OF CENTRAL. 
Approx, 
width 
four 
incisors 
set up 
Approx, 
width 
six 
anteriors 
set up 
Approx, 
width 
14 
set up 
Articulates 
best with 
plain upper 
moulds 
Cut 
and 
descrip- 
tion on 
page 
Length 
Width 
Bite 
Shut 
Required 
vertical 
space 
above 
ridge 
52 
8 
4^ 
2^ 
3 
2M 
20 
32 
90 
52 
125 
14 
9 
4^ 
3 
3^ 
2^ 
20 
32 
90 
42-17-18 
125 
27 
8^ 
5 
2 
2 
4^ 
21 
34 
92 
44 
126 
67 
9J^ 
4^ 
3 
4 
2^ 
21 
33 
97 
67-18-11 
126 
A5 
9^ 
5 
3^ 
4 
2 
24 
37 
101 
5 
126 
10 
9^ 
5 
2^ 
4 
3 
22 
35 
99 
15-17-18 
127 
3 
10 
4^ 
2^ 
3^ 
4 
21 
35 
99 
23-103 
127 
51 
10 
5 
2^ 
5^ 
2 
23 
35 
99 
4-14-19 
127 
103 
5 
4 
3^ 
2^ 
23 
36 
106 
103-29-92 
128 
78 
11 
5^ 
3 
4 
4 
23 
37 
107 
12-25-26 
128 
87 
11 
5^ 
4 
4^ 
2^ 
26 
41 
111 
87-45-48 
128 
93 
12^ 
5^ 
4^ 
5 
3 
25 
41 
111 
93-95 
129 
TABLE NO. 5 
Plain Vulcanite Lower Moulds 
NOT REGULARLY COMPRISING ANATOMICAL BICUSPIDS AND MOLARS. 
SHORT MOULDS. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
Mould 
No. 
DIMENSIONS OF CENTRAL. 
Approx, 
width six 
anteriors 
set up 
Approx, 
width full 
M 
set up 
Articulates 
best with 
upper 
moulds 
Cut 
and 
descrip- 
tion on 
page 
Length 
Width 
Bite 
Required 
vertical 
space above 
ridge at 
central 
A6 
9 
2^ 
5 
7 
37 
99 
6 
130 
21 
9 
3 
5 
6 
35 
100 
36-4-5 
130 
73 
9 
2^ 
5 
6 
35 
104 
73 
131 
9 
^A 
3 
5 
6^ 
36 
92 
88-6-22 
131 
24 
9^ 
2 
43% 
5 
34 
94 
16-15-19 
132 
A37 
9^ 
2^ 
5 
8^ 
36 
99 
37 
132 
53 
9^ 
3 
5 
8 
36 
100 
20-6-5 
133 
68 
9% 
2 
5 
7 
35 
92 
68 
133 
7 
93% 
3^ 
4^ 
7 
32 
90 
11-19-22 
133 
70 
8^ 
2 
5% 
5 
36 
99 
70-32-36 
134 
30 
8^ 
3^ 
5% 
6^ 
41 
103 
43-48-94 
134 
72 
9 
2^ 
5% 
6 
38 
106 
72 
135 
43 
9 
3^ 
5% 
7 
40 
103 
43-72-94 
135 
92 
9% 
4 
5% 
8 
37 
102 
92-103-7 
136 
75 
9 
3^ 
6 
7 
43 
106 
75-69 
136 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight 
variations. 
121 TABLE NO. 5-{Continued} 
PLAIN VULCANITE LOWER MOULDS 
NOT REGULARLY COMPRISING ANATOMICAL BICUSPIDS AND MOLARS. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
MEDIUM LONG MOULDS. 
Mould 
No. 
DIMENSIONS OF CENTRAL. 
Approx, 
width six 
anteriors 
set up 
Approx, 
width full 
14 
set up 
Articulates 
best with 
upper 
moulds 
Cut 
and 
descrip- 
tion on 
page 
Length 
of central 
Width 
of central 
Bite 
of central 
Required 
vertical 
space above 
ridge at 
central 
8 
10 
4 
4^ 
7H 
34 
92 
39-40-63 
137 
1 
10 
3^ 
5 
7^ 
36 
102 
7-20-24 
137 
2 
10 
3^ 
5 
8 
35 
93 
2-8-14 
138 
A19 
10 
4 
5 
7^ 
36 
101 
19 
138 
A30 
10 
3 
4^ 
8^ 
34 
92 
30 
139 
A35 
10 
3 
5 
8^ 
37 
105 
35 
138 
A14 
10 
3 
4^ 
8^ 
35 
97 
14 
140 
90 
10^ 
3^ 
4^ 
8 
35 
94 
90 
139 
91 
101^ 
4^ 
5^ 
33 
94 
91 
140 
65 
10^ 
3 
5 
6^ 
37 
97 
65-10-13 
141 
66 
W 
4^ 
4M 
9 
36 
102 
66 
141 
16 
11 
5 
4/4 
9 
35 
97 
10-12-26 
142 
6 
11^ 
4 
5 
8 
40 
115 
1-9-12 
142 
40 
10 
3 
5J4 
7 
38 
101 
23-1-9 
143 
71 
10 
3 
8 
39 
104 
71-23-25 
143 
79 
10 
3^ 
534 
7^ 
37 
103 
79-9-1 
144 
104 
10^ 
4 
5^ 
8^ 
38 
109 
104-105- 
107 
144 
101 
10^ 
4^ 
5% 
8 
40 
106 
101-104- 
105 
145 
5 
11 
3^ 
5^4 
8 
37 
102 
12-23-25 
145 
49 
11 
3 
5% 
9 
39 
102 
49-9-47 
146 
105 
11 
4^ 
534 
9 
37 
104 
105-104 
146 
19 
10 
3^ 
6 
714 
41 
115 
45-94-64 
147 
69 
10J^ 
3^ 
6 
7 
42 
111 
69-75-104 
147 
107 
10^ 
4 
6 
8J4 
41 
109 
107-101- 
104 
148 
18 
11 
3^ 
6 
7 
42 
106 
64-93-101 
148 
LONG MOULDS. 
25 
12 
4 
4 
9% 
33 
91 
27 
149 
11 
12 
5 
5 
8% 
36 
97 
8-10-26 
149 
95 
12 
4% 
5 
10 
37 
101 
95 
150 
96 
11% 
3% 
6 
8% 
40 
109 
96 
150 
28 
12 
6 
5% 
9% 
38 
102 
1-76-86 
151 
12 
13 
6 
5% 
9% 
41 
107 
50-45-74 
151 
74 
13 
5 
5% 
9% 
36 
98 
74-38 
152 
13 
14 
4 
5% 
12 
40 
101 
50-74-49 
152 
84 
11% 
4% 
6% 
9 
46 
117 
84 
153 
82 
13 
5 
6% 
11 
45 
117 
82 
153 
83 
14% 
6 
6% 
12 
44 
117 
83 
154 
* Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to 
slight variations. 
122 TABLE NO. 6 
Plain Vulcanite Lower Moulds 
ARRANGED NUMERICALLY 
THIS TABLE IS DESIGNED TO AFFORD INFORMATION CONCERNING MOULDS WHEN THE 
MOULD NUMBER IS KNOWN. 
Moulds numbered in this face of type, 2-4-5-6-7, are regularly carded with ana- 
tomical bicuspids and molars. The other moulds may be had so carded on special order. 
(all dimensions are in millimeters.)* 
Mould 
No. 
DIMENSIONS OF CENTRAL. 
Approx, 
width 
four 
incisors 
set up 
Approx, 
width 
six 
anteriors 
set up 
Approx, 
width 
14 
set up 
Articulates 
best with 
plain upper 
moulds 
Cut 
and 
descrip- 
tion 
on 
page 
Length 
Width 
Bite 
Shut 
Ridge- 
lap 
1 
10 
5 
•3^ 
3^ 
3 
22 
36 
102 
7-20-24 
137 
2 
10 
5 
3^ 
4 
2^ 
21 
35 
93 
2-8-14 
138 
3 
10 
434 
2H 
3^ 
4 
21 
35 
96 
2-4-6 
127 
5 
11 
5^4 
3J^ 
4 
3^ 
24 
37 
102 
12-23-25 
145 
A5 
9^ 
5 
3^ 
4 
2 
24 
37 
100 
5 
126 
6 
W 
5 
4 
3^ 
4 
23 
40 
115 
1-9-12 
142 
A6 
9 
5 
2J4 
4 
2^ 
23 
37 
99 
6 
130 
7 
9M 
4J^ 
3^ 
3 
3}4 
21 
32 
90 
11-19-22 
133 
8 
10 
4^ 
4 
3 
3 
21 
34 
92 
39-40-63 
137 
9 
9M 
5 
3 
3 
3J4 
22 
36 
92 
88-71-6 
131 
10 
9^ 
5 
2^ 
4 
3 
22 
35 
93 
15-17-18 
127 
11 
12 
5 
5 
3 
4 
22 
36 
97 
8-10-26 
149 
12 
13 
5^ 
6 
3 
4 
26 
41 
107 
50-45-74 
151 
13 
14 
5^ 
4 
7^2 
2^ 
26 
40 
101 
50-74-49 
152 
14 
9 
4^ 
3 
3^ 
2^ 
20 
32 
93 
52-18-42 
125 
A14 
10 
4^ 
3 
5 
2 
21 
35 
97 
14 
140 
16 
11 
434 
5 
3^ 
2^ 
21 
35 
97 
10-12-26 
142 
18 
11 
6 
3^ 
3 
4^ 
27 
42 
106 
64-93-101 
148 
19 
10 
6 
3^ 
3^ 
3 
26 
41 
115 
45-94-64 
147 
A19 
10 
5 
4 
3 
3 
23 
36 
101 
19 
138 
21 
9 
5 
3 
2^ 
3J4 
21 
35 
100 
36-4-5 
130 
24 
9^ 
4% 
2 
2^ 
5 
21 
34 
94 
16-15-19 
132 
25 
12 
4 
4 
5 
3 
21 
33 
91 
27 
149 
27 
8^ 
5 
2 
2 
414 
21 
34 
92 
15-16-17 
126 
28 
12 
5^ 
6 
3 
3 
24 
38 
102 
1-76-86 
151 
30 
8^ 
5M 
3^ 
2^ 
2^ 
26 
41 
103 
43-48-94 
134 
A30 
10 
4^ 
3 
5^ 
W2 
20 
34 
92 
30 
139 
A35 
10 
5 
3 
5 
2 
24 
37 
105 
25 
138 
A37 
9^ 
5 
2^ 
5^ 
Wz 
22 
36 
99 
37 
132 
40 
10 
54 
3 
3^ 
3^ 
24^4 
38 
101 
23-1-9 
143 
43 
9 
5/4 
3^ 
3 
2^ 
25 
40 
103 
43-72-94 
135 
49 
11 
53X 
3 
5^ 
2^ 
25 
39 
102 
49-9-47 
146 
51 
10 
5 
2^ 
5^ 
2 
23 
35 
95 
51-4-14 
127 
52 
8 
4^ 
2^ 
3 
2^ 
20 
32 
87 
52-42-68 
125 
53 
9^ 
5 
3 
4^ 
2 
22 
36 
100 
20-6-5 
133 
65 
10^ 
5 
3 
3 
4^ 
23 
37 
97 
65-10-13 
141 
66 
1034 
43/4 
4^ 
4 
2^ 
21 
36 
102 
66 
141 
67 
9^ 
4^ 
3 
4 
Wz 
21 
33 
93 
67 
126 
68 
9^ 
5 
2 
3 
21 
35 
92 
68 
133 
69 
W 
6 
3^2 
3 
4 
27 
42 
111 
69-75-104 
147 
70 
8^ 
54 
2 
2^ 
4 
24 
36 
99 
70-32-36 
134 
71 
10 
5^ 
3 
4^ 
2^ 
25 
39 
104 
71-23-25 
143 
72 
9 
5^ 
2^ 
3 
3^ 
24 
38 
106 
72 
135 
73 
9 
5 
2^ 
3 
314 
22 
35 
104 
73 
131 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight 
variations. 
123 TABLE NO. 6-{Continued} 
plain vulcanite lower moulds 
(all dimensions are in millimeters.)* 
Mould 
No. 
DIMENSIONS OF 
CENTRAL. 
Approx, 
width 
four 
incisors 
set up 
Approx, 
width 
six 
anteriors 
set up 
Approx, 
width 
14 
set up 
Articulates 
best with 
plain upper 
moulds 
Cut 
and 
descrip- 
tion 
on 
page 
Length 
Width 
Bite 
Shut 
Ridge- 
lap 
74 
13 
54 
5 
4 
4 
24 
36 
98 
74-38 
152 
75 
9 
6 
34 
3 
24 
27 
43 
106 
75-69 
136 
78 
11 
5^ 
3 
4 
4 
23 
37 
100 
78-12-25 
128 
79 
10 
54 
34 
34 
3 
26 
37 
103 
79-9-1 
144 
82 
13 
6^ 
5 
54 
24 
29 
45 
117 
82 
153 
83 
14 H 
6^ 
6 
54 
3 
28 
44 
117 
83 
154 
84 
11M 
6 4 
44 
4 
34 
30 
46 
117 
84 
153 
87 
11 
5^ 
4 
44 
24 
26 
41 
109 
87-45-48 
128 
90 
W 
44 
34 
4 
24 
22 
35 
94 
90 
139 
91 
W 
4^ 
14 
34 
54 
20 
33 
94 
91 
140 
92 
94 
54 
4 
34 
24 
24 
37 
102 
92-103-7 
136 
93 
12^ 
54 
44 
5 
3 
25 
41 
108 
93-45 
129 
95 
12 
5 
44 
5 
24 
23 
37 
101 
95 
150 
96 
11 
6 
34 
44 
34 
25 
40 
109 
96 
150 
101 
10^ 
54 
44 
3 
3 
26 
40 
106 
101-104- 
105 
145 
103 
104 
5 
4 
34 
24 
23 
36 
102 
103-29-92 
128 
104 
10^ 
54 
4 
4 
24 
25 
38 
109 
104-105- 
107 
144 
105 
11 
54 
44 
4 
24 
25 
37 
104 
105-104 
146 
107 
10^ 
6 
4 
4 
24 
27 
41 
109 
107-101- 
104 
148 
TABLE NO. 7 
Plain Lower Moulds in 6's 
(anteriors) only 
Mould 
No. 
Length 
DIMENSIONS OF CENTRAL. 
Combined 
width 
six 
anteriors 
set up 
Required 
vertical 
space 
above 
ridge at 
central 
Illus- 
trated 
on page 
Width 
Bite 
Shut 
Ridge-lap 
A 
8^ 
4 
1^ 
5 
2 
29 
7 
158 
Al 
12 
6 
2^ 
5^ 
4 
43 
8J^ 
155 
A2 
11^ 
5 
3 
6 
2^ 
36 
9^ 
156 
A3 
11 
5^ 
2 
5 
4 
39 
7^ 
156 
A4 
12 
6 
2^ 
5^ 
4 
44 
%y2 
156 
4 
12^ 
4^ 
3^ 
7^ 
1H 
34 
156 
15 
9 
4 
3 
4 
2 
34 
7^ 
156 
20 
16 
5 
3^ 
W 
2 
38 
14^ 
157 
22 
W 
5 
4^ 
5^ 
4^ 
36 
10^ 
157 
23 
16^ 
4^ 
5 
6 
5^ 
33 
11^ 
157 
26 
W 
5V2 
6J^ 
7^ 
5^ 
40 
W 
157 
31 
11 
4 
2^ 
6 
2^ 
30 
9 
157 
32 
11 
5 
3 
6 
2 
35 
9^ 
158 
33 
13^ 
4^ 
3 
8 
2^ 
34 
ny2 
158 
34 
12^ 
5 
3^ 
6^ 
2^ 
35 
10^ 
158 
35 
12^ 
4^ 
3 
7 
2^ 
33 
10^ 
158 
36 
4^ 
3 
5 
3^ 
34 
8^ 
159 
29 
11 
5 
3 
7 
1 
36 
io^ 
159 
37 
12 
5 
3 
9 
none 
35 
12^ 
159 
60 
16 
5^ 
5 
7 
4 
41 
12H 
159 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight 
variations. 
124 Plain Vulcanite 
Lower Moulds 
REGULARLY COMPRISING ANATOMICAL BICUSPIDS 
AND MOLARS. 
The moulds illustrated on this page and the four following regularly 
comprise anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
MOULD 52. Dimensions of centrals: length 8 mm., width 4^ mm., bite 
2% mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 2|£ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
6 mm. Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 20 mm. Combined width 
6 anteriors (approximately), 32 mm. Combined width full 14, (approximately) 
90 mm. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
The smallest plain lower mould. Dainty outlines. Narrow necks. Small 
cuspids. 
Articulates with upper mould 52. 
Anteriors combine with posteriors from mould 98 to form 14's. 
MOULD 14. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 4^ mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 3^ mm., ridge-lap 2% mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
7 mm. Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 20 mm. Combined width 
6 anteriors (approximately), 32 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 
91 mm. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
This is a slightly longer mould than the preceding. The anteriors are 
as narrow as those in mould 52, have narrow necks. Show narrow interdental 
spaces. . 
Articulates with upper moulds 42-17-18-15. 
Anteriors combine with posteriors from mould 98 to form 14's. 
125 MOULD 27. Dimensions of centrals: length 8^2 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
2 mm., shut 2 mm., ridge-lap 4}& mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
mm. Collar. Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 21 mm. Combined 
width 6 anteriors (approximately), 34 mm. Combined width full 14 (approxi- 
mately), 92 mm. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
Compared with mould 52. 
Centrals same length but a trifle wider. Cuspids noticeably wider. The 
curves in the outlines of the anteriors are much flatter, and when the collars 
are covered the interdental spaces are wider and extend further up the teeth. 
Articulates well with upper mould 44. 
Anteriors combine with posteriors from mould 98 to form 14's. 
MOULD 67. Dimensions of centrals: length 9^ mm., width 4|& mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 2^ mm. Combined width 4 incisors, 21 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors, 33 mm. Combined width full 14, 93 mm. Com- 
bined bite and shut of central, 7^ mm. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
A very small mould with laterals which are noticeably wide in proportion 
to the centrals and cuspids. 
The anteriors have narrow necks and show rather wide interdental spaces 
which reach well up the teeth. 
This mould was made especially to articulate with plain upper mould 67. 
Articulates also with plain upper moulds 18-11-27. 
Combines well with posteriors from moulds 55, 97 and 99 to form 14's. 
MOULD A5. Dimensions of centrals: length 9}& mm., width 5 mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 2 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8 
mm. Combined width of 4 incisors (approximately), 24 mm. Combined width 
6 anteriors (approximately), 37 mm. Combined width full 14, 100 mm. Collar. 
Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
Anteriors are of singularly pleasing outline with plainly marked develop- 
mental grooves on the labial surfaces. 
Articulates with plain upper moulds No. 5. 
Anteriors combine with posteriors from plain lower mould 99 to form 14's. 
126 MOULD 10. Dimensions of centrals: length 9^ mm., width 5 mm., bite 
2}£ mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 
mm. Medium collar. Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 22 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 35 mm. Combined width full 
14 (approximately), 93 mm. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
The outlines of the anteriors in this mould make it valuable in many cases 
where no special indications present. The necks are medium wide, the curves 
medium full, and the result very pleasing. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 15-17-18-21-42-44-68. 
Anteriors combine well with posteriors from mould 99 to form 14's. 
Indications. The combined bite and shut are rather long and indicate 
use where the ridge has absorbed quite a good deal. 
MOULD 3. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 4% mm., bite 
2|2 mm., shut 3^2 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
6^ mm. Collar. Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 21 mm. Com- 
bined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 35 mm. Combined width full 14 
(approximately), 96 mm. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
The anteriors are practically identical with those of mould 8, save that 
they are slightly wider. 
Articulates well with upper mould 99. 
Anteriors combine well with posteriors from mould 99 to form 14's. 
Indications. The anteriors require 6% mm. vertical space above the 
ridge. 
MOULD 51. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
2 mm., shut 5}£ mm., ridge-lap 2 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
8^ mm. Combined width 4 incisors, 23 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors, 
35 mm. Combined width full 14, 95 mm. Collar. Anatomical bicuspids and 
molars. 
127 On looking at this mould, one notices immediately that the cutting edges 
of the incisors are not set at right angles with the vertical axes of the teeth, 
but that they slope at the distal angle. This permits a slight irregularity at 
the cutting edge which is more artistic than exact regularity. 
It articulates with plain upper moulds 4-14-19-22-39-30. The anteriors 
combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 99 and 100 to form 14's. 
MOULD 103. Dimensions of centrals: length 10(4 mm., width 5 mm., 
bite 4 mm., shut 3(4 mm., ridge-lap 2?4 mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 8 mm. No collar. Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 23 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 36 mm. Combined width full 14 
(approximately), 102 mm. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
The anteriors have their greatest width near the middle third, medium 
wide necks, and present very narrow interdental spaces. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 103-29-92. 
Anteriors combine well with posteriors from mould 100 to form 14's. 
MOULD 78. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 5^ mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7^ 
mm. Combined width 4 incisors, 23 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors, 37 mm. 
Combined width full 14, 100 mm. Collar. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
The incisors have their greatest widths at the cutting edge and taper by 
rather flat curves to wide necks. The labial surfaces are quite flat. 
This mould was made especially to articulate with plain upper mould 78. 
Articulates well with plain upper moulds 12-25-26-46-71-20. 
Anteriors combine well with posteriors from lower mould 100 to form 
14's. 
MOULD 87. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width mm., bite 
4 mm., shut 4^ mm., ridge-lap 2^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
128 9 mm. Collar. Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 26 mm. Com- 
bined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 41 mm. Combined width full 14 
(approximately), 109 mm. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
The incisors have their greatest widths near the cutting edges and taper 
by flat curves to- rather narrow necks, leaving interdental spaces of me- 
dium lengths. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 87-45-48. 
Anteriors combine well with posteriors from mould 100 to form 14's. 
Indications. The combined bite and shut in the anteriors is quite long, 
9 mm., while the ridge-lap is short. This mould is indicated where absorption 
is considerable. 
MOULD 93. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 5^ mm., 
bite 4^ mm., shut 5 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
10 mm. Deep collar. Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 25 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 41 mm. Combined width full 
14 (approximately), 108 mm. Anatomical bicuspids and molars. 
The incisal edges of the anteriors are nearly at right angles with the 
vertical axis. The greatest width is at the junction of the incisal and middle 
thirds. The necks are rather narrow. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 93-45. 
Anteriors combine well with posteriors from mould A93 to form 14's. 
Indications. The combined bite and shut of the anteriors indicate that 
they require 10 mm. space above the ridge. 
129 CHAPTER XII. 
Plain Vulcanite 
Lower Moulds 
NOT REGULARLY COMPRISING ANATOMICAL BICUSPIDS 
AND MOLARS. 
The following moulds do not regularly comprise anatomical bicuspids. 
These anteriors may be had with anatomical bicuspids and molars on special 
order. 
SHORT MOULDS. 
MOULD A6. Dimensions of centrals: length, 9 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
2)6 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 2^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Combined width 4 incisors 
(approximately), 23 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors, (approximately), 37 
mm. Combined width full 14, 99 mm. Slight collar. 
When set in rubber the anteriors seem short but of medium width. 
The first bicuspid is small. The second bicuspid and molar are medium. 
The cusps are rather prominent and the sulci fairly deep. 
Articulates with plain upper moulds No. 6. 
Anteriors combine well with posteriors from plain lower moulds Nos. 
9-10-24. 
MOULD 21. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 2}£ mm., ridge-lap 3^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
6 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5 mm. Deep collar. Com- 
bined width 4 incisors (approximately), 21 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors 
(approximately), 35 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 100 mm. 
Outlines of anteriors practically same as those in mould 27, but longer. 
The bicuspids and molars are larger in all dimensions. The cusps are 
prominent and sulci deep. Distance from lower side of pins to top of lingual 
cusp is short, permitting tooth to set on top of ridge in fairly close bites. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 36-4-5-13-70-22. 
130 MOULD 73. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
2^ mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
6 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Very deep collar. Com- 
bined width 4 incisors (approximately), 22 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors 
(approximately), 35 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 104 mm. 
So deep are the collars in this mould that when they are covered with 
rubber the enamel surface is shorter than in any mould so far described. 
This gives the tooth a short appearance when on the plate. 
The bicuspids and molars are larger than in any of the above moulds 
with rounding cusps and medium sulci. Can be used in fairly close bite. 
The 14 in this mould is wider than any other 14 in the short narrow 
moulds. 
This mould articulates well with upper mould 73. 
Indications. Valuable where some teeth remain and show short crowns, 
but where considerable absorption has occurred following extractions of some. 
MOULD 9. Dimensions of centrals: length 9*4 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3J4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
614 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5 mm. Medium collar, on 
anteriors only. Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 22 mm. Com- 
bined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 36 mm. Combined width full 14 
(approximately), 92 mm. 
The anteriors are similar in length and width to those in mould 73. but 
as the collar is very much less deep, the appearance of the enamel surface is 
entirely different, as per illustration. 
The bicuspids and molars are the smallest of any mould yet described 
except 52, with distinctly rounding cusps and medium deep sulci. They can 
be used in medium close bite, but not in so close bite as mould 27. 
This mould articulates well with upper moulds 88-23-71-6-22. 
Indications. The rather long bite and shut indicate the use of this mould 
where the ridge has absorbed considerably. 
131 MOULD 24. Dimensions of centrals: length 916 mm., width 434mm., 
bite 2 mm., shut 216 mm., ridge-lap 5 mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 5 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 4 mm. Rather deep collar. 
Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 21 mm. Combined width 6 an- 
teriors (approximately), 34 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 
94 mm. 
The narrow necks make this mould look wedge shape and afford inter- 
dental spaces which run well up the teeth. 
The bicuspids and molars are of good size with fairly prominent cusps 
and deep sulci. They show short bite and shut and long hollow ridge-lap, 
and will be useful in close bites. 
This mould articulates well with upper moulds 16-15-19-21-44-88. 
Indications. Valuable in cases where the ridge is thin and high. The 
long ridge-lap will make its use possible in the cases where bulk to labial is 
desired. 
MOULD A37. Dimensions of centrals: length 914 mm., width 5 mm., 
bite 2'4 mm., shut 512 mm., ridge-lap 116 mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central 816 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 22 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 36 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 99 mm. No 
collar. 
The incisors have quite straight approximal surfaces and carry their great- 
est widths nearly to the incisal third. 
The bicuspids and molars show prominent cusps and deep sulci. The 
occlusal surfaces are well marked for holding and grinding food. 
The first bicuspid is smaller than medium; the second is medium in size. 
The molars are medium in size and are characterized by a decided inward 
slope of the buccal surface as it rises from the cervical margin. This would 
bring the buccal cusps in nearly right positions for upper teeth where the 
upper jaw was noticeably narrow in the back portion. 
This mould was made especially to articulate with plain upper mould 
No. 37. 
Articulates with plain upper moulds Nos. 6-14-19. 
132 MOULD 53. Dimensions of centrals: length mm., width 5 mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 4}£ mm., ridge-lap 2 mm. Combined width 4 incisors, 22 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors, 36 mm. Combined width full 14, 100 mm. Com- 
bined bite and shut of central, 8 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 
6 mm. No collar. 
The laterals and cuspids are quite wide in proportion to the centrals. 
The first bicuspid is quite small. The second is medium in size. The 
molars are of medium size. All the posteriors have short, rounding cusps 
and shallow sulci. They have lingual cusps thick over the pins. 
This is a new mould. It was made especially to articulate with plain 
upper mould 20. Articulates also with plain upper moulds 23-71-7-13. 
Combines well with posteriors from moulds 5-19-43-79-103 to form 14's. 
MOULD 68. Dimensions of centrals: length 9*2 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
2 mm., shut 4*6 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Combined width 4 incisors, 21 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors, 35 mm. Combined width full 14, 92 mm. Com- 
bined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 
mm. Collar. 
The incisors have narrow necks and rather flat curves. This gives them 
a wedge shape appearance. The interdental spaces are quite wide and extend 
about half way up the teeth. 
The bicuspids and molars are short. The first bicuspid is very small. The 
second is small. The first molar is medium and the second small. All have 
short rounding cusps and shallow sulci. 
This is a new mould. It was .made especially to articulate with plain 
upper mould 68. Articulates also with plain upper moulds 18-11, 
MOULD 7. Dimensions of centrals: length 9% mm., width 4% mm., 
bite 3^ mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3^ mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central, 7 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 4 mm. Slight collar. 
133 Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 21 mm. Combined width 6 an- 
teriors (approximately), 32 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 
90 mm. 
The longest and narrowest mould of this group. Anteriors present nar- 
row necks and show quite long interdental spaces. 
First bicuspid small, second medium. Cusps of posteriors are rounding, 
with well defined sulci. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 11-19-22-67-16-31. 
Indications. For use in narrow arches. The combined bite and shut are 
quite long in proportion to the length of the tooth and indicate use of this 
mould where there is moderate absorption. 
MOULD 70. Dimensions of centrals: length 8% mm., width 5H mm., 
bite 2 mm., shut 2^2 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 5 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5 mm. Collar. Com- 
bined width 4 incisors (approximately), 24 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors 
(approximately), 36 mm. Combined width full 14, (approximately) 99 mm. 
The anteriors are very short and look comparatively wide. Have medium 
wide necks, full curves and present rather short wide interdental spaces. 
The bicuspids and molars present quite large occlusal surfaces with me- 
dium prominent cusps and rather deep sulci. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 70-32-36-22-14-31. 
Indications. The combined bite and shut are short and indicate the use 
of this mould where absorption has been very slight, making what is known 
as a close bite. 
MOULD 30. Dimensions of centrals: length 8^2 mm., width 5% mm., 
bite 3^ mm., shut 2^2 mm., ridge-lap 2*4 mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central, 6^2 mm. Required vertical space second molar, mm. Collar. 
Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 26 mm. Combined width 6 an- 
teriors (approximately), 41 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 
103 mm. 
Very similar in outline to mould 70, but wider, especially the cuspids. 
The bicuspids and molars are of practically the same size, but the buccal 
surfaces of the molars in this mould are retreating. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 43-48-94. 
Indications. Combined bite and shut much longer than in mould 70, and 
indicate use where absorption is greater. 
134 MOULD 72. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 5J& mm., 
bite 2 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3 Ji mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 6 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Very deep collar. 
Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 24 mm. Combined width 6 an- 
teriors, (approximately) 38 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 
106 mm. 
The collar is such that when covered with rubber the enamel surfaces 
are materially shortened. The necks are rather narrow and leave interdental 
spaces of fair width. 
The bicuspids and first molar are large, the second molar of medium 
size. They present bulging buccal surfaces, rounding cusps and medium 
deep sulci. 
Articulates well with upper mould 72. 
Indications. The combined bite and shut of the anteriors is short and 
this mould can be used where absorption is slight. It is a thick mould, 
linguo-labially as per the outline illustration. The bicuspid and molars are 
made to set on the ridge. They require an open bite in their region. 
MOULD 43. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 5% mm., bite 
3 Ji mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 2 Ji mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
7 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. No collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 25 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 40 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 103 mm. 
The approximal surfaces of the anteriors are rather straight, through the 
incisal and middle thirds, and taper to narrow necks, which leave a short, 
rather wide, interdental space. 
The first bicuspid is small, the second medium in size. The molars pre- 
sent rather large occlusal surfaces. All the posteriors have bulging buccal 
surfaces, rather sharp cusps, and well defined sulci. They all have thick lin- 
gual cusps which will permit extensive grinding. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 43-72-94. 
Indications. This mould has a long bite and rather short shut. The 
ridge-lap is such shape that the tooth will set nearly on top of the ridge. 
135 MOULD 92. Dimensions of centrals: length 9% mm., width 5|4 mm., 
bite 4 mm., shut 3^ mm., ridge-lap 2^4 mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central, 8 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7 mm. Collar. Com- 
bined width 4 incisors (approximately), 24 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors 
(approximately), 37 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 102 mm. 
The anteriors are quite narrow, with flat curves and medium wide necks, 
leaving narrow interdental spaces. 
The first bicuspid is medium in size, the second is large. Both molars 
are large. All the posteriors have very bulging buccal surfaces, short round- 
ing cusps, and fairly well defined sulci. They have thick lingual cusps, which 
permit extensive grinding where necessary. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 92-103-7-9. 
Indications. This and mould 7 are the longest of the short moulds, but 
this mould is considerably wider than seven. The combined bite and shut 
in this mould comprise nearly the whole tooth, indicating its use where the 
absorption is such that the anteriors can set on top of the ridge. Very thick 
lingual cusps in the bicuspids, together with the shut, require that they set 
on top of the ridge, and confine the use of this mould to fairly open bites. 
MOULD 75. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 6 mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 2^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
7 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5 mm. No collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 27 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 43 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 106 mm. 
The only mould which is short and wide. The anteriors are very thin 
linguo-labially, have noticeably flat labial surfaces, medium wide necks, and 
leave interdental spaces of medium length and width. Considering their 
length the anteriors of this mould are very wide. 
The first bicuspid is very small, the second is of medium size. 
The first molar presents a large occlusal surface, the second medium. 
Both molars are noticeably oblique. All the posteriors have bulging buccal 
surfaces, rounding cusps, faint sulci, and thick lingual cusps. 
Articulates with upper moulds 75-69. 
Indications. Valuable where it is desired not to make bulk to labial, and 
the absorption is great enough to permit the anteriors to set on top of the 
ridge. The posteriors require a fairly open bite. 
136 MEDIUM LONG MOULDS. 
MOULD 8. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 4}£ mm., bite 
4 mm., shut 3 mm, ridge-lap 3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7^ 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 4^ mm. Collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 21 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 34 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 92 mm. 
The anteriors are so narrow as to make them seem longer than they 
really are. They taper by flat curves to narrow necks and leave long nar- 
row interdental spaces. 
The first bicuspid is small, the second medium; the molars are compar- 
atively small. The buccal surfaces are not very bulging. The cusps are 
rounding and the sulci fairly well defined. 
The full fourteen is one of the narrowest offered. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 39-40-63-89-2-19. 
Indications. For narrow arches where there is considerable absorption. 
The anteriors require 7% mm. vertical space above the ridge; the bicuspids 
5% mm., and the second molars 4% mm. 
MOULD 1. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
3^ mm., shut 3^2 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
7J& mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5 mm. Deep collar on an- 
teriors. Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 22 mm. Combined width 
6 anteriors (approximately), 36 mm. Combined width full 14, (approximate- 
ly) 102 mm. 
The anteriors show very narrow necks, leaving quite a long and wide 
interdental space. 
The first bicuspid is medium size, the second rather large, and both molars 
are noticeably large. All the posteriors present rather prominent cusps and 
deep sulci. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 7-20-24-29. 
Indications. The combined bite and shut in the anteriors are quite long, 
7% mm. and indicate the use of this mould where a fair degree of absorption 
has taken place, so that the anteriors may have 7% mm. vertical space above 
the ridge. 
The bicuspids require 5 mm. vertical space above the ridge, and the 
second molars 5 mm. 
137 MOULD 2. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
3^ mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 2% mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
8 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5% mm. Collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 21 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 35 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 93 mm. 
The anteriors have practically the same measurements as in mould 1, 
but have wider necks and leave much narrower interdental spaces. 
The bicuspids and molars are long with rather flat buccal surfaces, medium 
size occlusal surfaces, fairly prominent cusps, and rather deep sulci. The 
bite and shut are short and the ridge-lap long and hollow. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 2-5-14-30-32-36-37-40. 
Indications. The combined bite and shut are long, 8 mm., and the ridge- 
lap very short, indicating that this mould is intended to set on top of the 
ridge. 
The bicuspids require 6 mm. vertical space above the ridge, and the 
second molars 5% mm. 
MOULD A19. Dimensions of central: length 10 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
4 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7^ 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Combined width 4 in- 
cisors (approximately), 23 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 
36 mm. Combined width full 14, 101 mm. Collar. 
Anteriors are quite wide in mesial third, but taper to rather narrow necks. 
First bicuspid small. The second bicuspid and molars are medium. The 
cusps are not very prominent and the sulci only medium deep. 
Articulates with plain upper mould No. 19. 
MOULD A35. Dimensions of central: length 10 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 5 mm., ridge-lap 2 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8)£ 
138 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7 mm. Combined width 4 in- 
cisors (approximately), 24 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximate- 
ly), 37 mm. Combined width full 14, 105 mm. No collar. 
Anteriors have rather flat approximal curves converging to medium wide 
necks. 
The first bicuspid has a small occlusal surface; the second medium. The 
molars have quite large occlusal surfaces. The cusps are fairly prominent 
and the sulci are medium deep. 
Articulates with plain upper mould No. 35. 
MOULD A30. Dimensions of centrals length 10 mm., width 4}& mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 5% mm., ridge-lap 1% mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 9 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6^ mm. Combined width 
4 incisors (approximately), 20 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approx- 
imately), 34 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 92 mm. No collar. 
The anteriors are quite thick mesio-distally and are characterized by 
very rounding labial surfaces in the middle and cervical thirds. In this region 
they lend themselves readily to fine mechanical work on a plate. 
The first bicuspid is small. The second is larger. Both molars are small. 
The cusps of the bicuspids and molars are fairly rounding and the sulci 
medium deep. The occlusal surfaces are finely carved. 
This mould was made especially to articulate with plain upper mould 
No. 30. Articulates also with plain upper moulds Nos. 89-90. 
MOULD 90. Dimensions of centrals: length 10*4 mm., width 4% mm., 
bite 3^ mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 2% mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 8 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 22 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 35 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 94 mm. 
When the length of this mould is considered the width of the entire 14 
is really very narrow. The anteriors have narrow necks, and leave rather 
long interdental spaces. 
The first bicuspid presents a very small occlusal surface, the second bi- 
cuspid medium, and the molars distinctly large in proportion to the rest of 
the set. The buccal surfaces are bulging, the cuspids prominent, and the 
sulci fairly deep. The bicuspids of this mould are distinguished by the fact 
that the lingual cusps are very narrow. All the posteriors have lingual cusps 
139 which are very thick over the pins. The bite is long, due to the thick lingual 
cusps, the shut medium and the ridge-lap short and somewhat hollowed. 
Articulates well with upper mould 90. 
Indications. The combined bite and shut occupy nearly the length of 
the anteriors, and indicate the use of this mould where they can have 8 mm. 
vertical space above ridge. The bicuspids require 8 mm. vertical space, and 
the second molars 6 mm. 
MOULD A14. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 414 mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 5 mm., ridge-lap 2 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
8^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6% mm. Combined width 
4 incisors (approximately), 21 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approx- 
imately), 35 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 97 mm. No collar. 
The incisors appear even narrower than they are because of the complete 
absence of collar. This however lends itself to making a very neat plate. 
The occlusal surfaces of the bicuspids and molars are well marked but 
the cusps are not prominent and the sulci are shallow. The first bicuspid 
is small. The second bicuspid and both molars are medium in size. 
Articulates with plain upper moulds Nos. 19-5-37. 
This mould was made especially to articulate with plain upper mould 
No. 14. 
MOULD 91. Dimensions of centrals: length 1012 mm., width 4% mm., 
bite 1}£ mm., shut 314 mm., ridge-lap 5^ mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central, 5% mm. Required vertical space second molar, 514 mm. Collar. 
Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 20 mm. Combined width 6 an- 
teriors (approximately), 33 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 
94 mm. 
The anteriors in this mould are very narrow and taper by flat curves to 
narrow necks which leave long interdental spaces of considerable width. The 
posteriors are long with moderately rounding buccal surfaces, narrow necks, 
very short rounding cusps, fairly well defined sulci, and thick lingual cusps 
over the pins. 
The occlusal surface of the first bicuspid is small, that of the second 
medium size, and the occlusal surfaces of the molars are quite large. 
Articulates well with upper mould 91. 
Indications. The bite and shut of the anteriors are very short, 5% mm., 
the ridge-lap long and somewhat hollowed indicating the use of this mould 
for small mouths with slight absorption. The bicuspids require 6 mm. ver- 
tical space, and the second molars 5% mm. 
140 MOULD 65. Dimensions of centrals: length 10^ mm., width 5 mm., 
bite 3 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 4}& mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 6^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5^ mm. Deep collar 
in the anteriors. Combined width 4 incisors (approximately) 23 mm. Com- 
bined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 37 mm. Combined width full 14 
(approximately), 97 mm. 
When the deep collar is covered with rubber the enamelled surfaces 
of the anteriors are less than the length of mould would indicate. The necks 
are fairly wide and leave moderate interdental spaces. The cuspids are dis- 
tinguished by a pronounced prominence of the distal angle. 
The posteriors are of medium length with moderately bulging buccal sur- 
faces, prominent cusps and deep sulci. They present medium size occlusal 
surfaces. 
Articulates well with plain upper moulds 10-13-26-28-35-38-65. 
Indications. The anteriors require 6% mm. vertical space above the ridge, 
indicating the use of this mould where the absorption is slight but the ridge 
is thin. The bicuspids require 5% mm., and the molars 5% mm. 
MOULD 66. Dimensions of centrals: length 10% mm., width 4% mm., 
bite 4|£ mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 2*4 mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 9 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7 mm. Deep collar. Com- 
bined width 4 incisors (approximately), 21 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors 
(approximately), 36 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 102 mm. 
The centrals are quite narrow for their length but the laterals are quite 
wide. They taper by flat curves to medium wide necks and leave long narrow 
interdental spaces. 
The bicuspids and molars are long with bulging buccal surfaces, promi- 
nent cusps, deep sulci and thick lingual cusps over pins. The occlusal surface 
of the first bicuspid is small, that of the second medium, the first molar large 
and the second molar medium. 
Articulates well with upper mould 66. 
Indications. The combined bite and shut are long, 9 mm., and indicate the 
use of this mould where absorption is extensive. The second bicuspids re- 
quire 8% mm. vertical space above the ridge, and the second molars 7 mm. 
141 MOULD 16. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 4% mm., bite 
5 mm., shut 3^2 mm., ridge-lap 2% mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
9 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5}£ mm. Deep collar on anteri- 
ors. Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 21 mm. Combined width 6 
anteriors (approximately), 35 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 
97 mm. 
The incisors are decidedly narrow for their length. The necks are 
narrow and the curves in the outline flat. The cuspids are of medium width. 
The bicuspids are quite long, the molars medium wide, medium bulging 
buccal surfaces. Occlusal surfaces as follows: first bicuspid, small; second 
medium; first molar, large; second medium. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 10-12-26-38-49-78. 
Indications. The combined bite and shut are quite long, 9 mm., and indi- 
cate use of this mould in cases showing rather extensive absorption. The 
bicuspids require 7 mm. vertical space above ridge, and the second molars 
5% mm. 
MOULD 6. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
4 mm., shut 3^ mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
8 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5 mm. Deep collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 23 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 40 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 115 mm. 
The centrals, laterals and cuspids are of excellent proportionate widths. 
The interdental spaces are wide and long. 
The bicuspids are medium long, the molars rather short. All have 
medium bulging buccal surfaces. Occlusal surfaces as follows: first bicuspid, 
small; second, medium; molars, medium; cusps, short and rounding; sulci, 
shallow. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 1-9-12-47-81-86. 
Indications. The combined bite and shut in the anteriors are medium in 
length and indicate the use of this mould where absorption is medium; the 
ridge thin and the tooth needs to lap the ridge. 
The bicuspids require 7 mm. vertical space above the ridge, and the sec- 
ond molars 5 mm. 
142 MEDIUM LONG MOULDS. 
MEDIUM LONG AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
MOULD 40. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 5*4 mm., bite 3 
mm., shut 3^ mm., ridge-lap 3^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. No collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 24*4 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors 
(approximately), 38 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 101 mm. 
The centrals and laterals are of good proportionate widths, while the 
cuspids are rather narrow and have noticeably short cusps. Interdental spaces 
are short and narrow. 
The bicuspids are of medium length with rather flat buccal surfaces. 
The molars show much more bulging buccal surfaces. The cusps of the 
posteriors are fairly prominent, with deep sulci. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 23-1-9-71-48-47. 
Indications. Useful for plates without gums in front. The anteriors re- 
quire 7 mm. vertical space above ridge, the bicuspids 6% mm., and the second 
molars 6 mm. 
The molars will be found valuable where the upper arch is narrow in the 
molar region. The buccal surface inclines inward in the occlusal third and 
throws the buccal cusps well toward the tongue. This permits proper articu- 
lation with narrow upper plates, without setting the lower molars out of 
position. 
MOULD 71. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 5^ mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 4^ mm., ridge-lap 2^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
8 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Combined width 4 
incisors (approximately), 25 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approxi- 
mately), 39 mm. Width full 14, 104 mm. 
The width of the necks in the anteriors makes them look short and wide. 
The bicuspids are small with short, rounding cusps and well-defined sulci. 
The molars have quite large occlusal surfaces with short cusps and 
shallow sulci. 
Articulates with plain upper mould 71. 
143 MOULD 79. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 5% mm., bite 
3^ mm., shut 3^ mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
7^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Very slight collar. 
Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 26 mm. Combined width 6 an- 
teriors (approximately), 37 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 
103 mm. 
The centrals are wider than mould 40, but the laterals are a little narrow- 
er, and the cuspids a good deal narrower, the result being that the 4 anteriors 
are but little wider and the 6 anteriors actually narrower than in mould 40. 
The first bicuspid is small, the second medium, and the molars rather 
large. The cusps are short and rounding, and the sulci only fairly deep. 
Bicuspids and molars have thick lingual cusps. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 79-9-1-12-71. 
Indications. For wide mouths where vertical absorption of the ridge is 
not marked. Anteriors require 7% rnm. vertical space above ridge, bicuspids 
7 mm., and second molars 6 mm. 
Useful for plates without gums in front. 
MOULD 104. Dimensions of centrals: length 10^ mm., width mm., 
bite 4 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 2^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
8*6 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7 mm. No collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 25 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 38 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 109 mm. 
A slightly longer mould, intermediate in width between 40 and 79, The 
anteriors are well proportioned. Narrow interdental spaces. 
The first bicuspid is small, the second medium, and the molars large. All 
have short, rounding cusps and faint sulci. Lingual cusps quite thick. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 104-105-107. 
Indications. For fairly wide mouths where vertical absorption is mod- 
erate. Anteriors set mostly on ridge and lap it but little. They require 
8% mm. vertical space, the bicuspids 7 mm., and the second molars 7 mm. 
Useful for plates without gums in front. 
144 MOULD 101. Dimensions of centrals: length 10^ mm., width 5 94 mm., 
bite 4^ mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6*4 mm. No collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 26 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 40 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 106 mm. 
Incisors have their greatest width far enough below the incisal edges to 
separate the incisal angles. Taper by very pleasing curves to narrow necks, 
leaving interdental spaces of medium width and length. 
First bicuspid small, second medium; molars large. All have short round- 
ing cusps and faint sulci. 
The molars are distinguished by the fact that the lingual cusps project 
so far over the pins. This makes its use possible in a rather close bite. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 101-104-105-107-64-45. 
Indications. Combined bite and shut in molars is long, 8 mm., and indi- 
cates use where vertical absorption is considerable. Owing to the absence of 
collar, these anteriors are useful for plates without gums. 
The bicuspids require 7 mm. vertical space above ridge, and the second 
molars 6% mm. 
MOULD 5. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 5 94 mm., bite 
3^ mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 3^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
8 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5 mm. Collar. Combined width 
4 incisors (approximately), 24 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approxi- 
mately), 37 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 102 mm. 
The approximal surfaces of the anteriors are quite straight and the necks 
wide, leaving long narrow interdental spaces. 
The first bicuspid is small, the second is quite large. The molars medi- 
um. The cusps are rounding and the sulci well defined. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 12-23-25-71-76-79. 
Indications. The combined bite and shut are medium, 8 mm., and indi- 
cate use of this mould where vertical absorption is not great. 
The bicuspids require 6 mm. vertical space above the ridge, and the 
second molars 5 mm. 
145 MOULD 49. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 5% mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 5}£ mm., ridge-lap 2^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
9 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Combined width 4 in- 
cisors, 25 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors, 39 mm. Combined width full 14, 
102 mm. 
The incisors have their greatest widths slightly below the cutting edges, 
so that the incisal angled of adjacent teeth are a little separated. The necks 
are rather narrow and leave medium interdental spaces. 
The bicuspids are medium in size. The first molar is quite long; the sec- 
ond is shorter. The occlusal surfaces show short cusps and shallow sulci. 
This mould was made especially to articulate with plain upper mould 49. 
It articulates well with plain upper moulds 9-47-50-56-81. 
MOULD 105. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 5% mm., bite 
4^ mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 2^ mm. Combined bite and shut of 
central, 9 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7 mm. No collar. 
Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 25 mm. Combined width 6 an- 
teriors (approximately), 37 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 
104 mm. 
Quite wide anteriors with narrow necks and showing quite long and wide 
interdental spaces. 
The first bicuspid is small, the second medium, and the molars large. 
All the posteriors have short, rounding cusps and faint sulci. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 105-104. 
Indications. The anteriors require a space 9 mm. high to permit them 
to set on the ridge. The bicuspids require 8 mm. to permit them to set on 
ridge. The measurements indicate this mould only in cases showing consid- 
erable vertical absorption. The second molars require 7 mm. vertical space 
above the ridge. 
146 MEDIUM LONG MOULDS. 
MEDIUM LONG AND WIDE. 
MOULD 19. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 6 mm., bite 
3 mm., shut 3J£ mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
7% mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 26 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 41 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 115 mm. 
The anteriors have their greatest width near the incisal edges and taper 
to rather narrow necks, leaving interdental spaces of good size. 
The posteriors are of medium size, short, with narrow necks, prominent 
cusps and deep sulci. The first bicuspid is smaller than the second. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 45-94-64-43-86-69. 
Indications. The anteriors require a space 7% mm. high to permit pins 
to set on ridge, the bicuspids require the same space, and the second molars 
6 mm. The use of this mould is confined to cases having wide mouths. 
MOULD 69. Dimensions of centrals: length 10^ mm., width 6 mm., bite 
316 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
7 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Deep collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 27 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 42 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 111 mm. 
When the collars of the anteriors are covered with rubber the enamel sur- 
faces are very short, being practically 8 mm. long. The necks are wide, the 
curves full, and the interdental spaces short. 
The posteriors are of medium size with fairly prominent cusps and deep 
sulci. The first bicuspid is smaller than the second. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 69-75-104-105. 
Indications. The anteriors require a space 7 mm. high to permit the pins 
to set on ridge. It requires 7 mm. to permit the second bicuspid pins to set 
on ridge, and 6 mm. for the second molars. 
147 MOULD 107. Dimensions of centrals: length 1016 mm., width 6 mm., 
bite 4 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 216 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
81-6 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7 mm. No collar. 
Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 27 mm. Combined width 6 an- 
teriors (approximately), 41 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 
109 mm. 
The dimensions of the anteriors are similar to those in mould 69, but the 
difference in outlines makes the moulds entirely unlike. These anteriors have 
narrow necks and show wide and high interdental spaces. 
The first bicuspid is medium, the second quite large, and the molars are 
large, especially mesio-distally. The posteriors show short rounding cusps 
and medium deep sulci. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 107-101-104-105-93. 
Indications. This mould is indicated for wide arches with wide mouths 
and for cases where there is considerable absorption. The anteriors and bi- 
cuspids require a space mm. high. Valuable for plates without anterior 
gums. The second molars require 7 mm. vertical space. 
MOULD 18. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 6 mm., bite 
316 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap mm. Combined bite and shut of central. 
7 mm. Combined width 4 incisors (approximately), 27 mm. Combined width 
6 anteriors (approximately), 42 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 
106 mm. 
The appro.ximal sides of the incisors lie in contact through the incisal 
third and then taper to medium wide necks. 
The labial surfaces are wide and rather flat. 
The posteriors are long, with narrow necks, rounding cusps and fairly 
deep sulci. The first bicuspid is smaller than the second. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 64-93-101. 
Indications. For wide mouths but where wide posteriors are not indi- 
cated. The combined bite and shut of anteriors is 7 mm., and indicates this 
mould where vertical absorption is not extensive. Bicuspids require vertical 
space of 6% mm. above ridge, and second molars 7 mm. 
148 LONG MOULDS. 
LONG AND NARROW. 
MOULD 25. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 4 mm., bite 
4 mm., shut 5 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 9^ 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5^ mm. Collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 21 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 33 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 91 mm. 
A very narrow mould in proportion to its length, both as regards the 
width of the anteriors and the full 14. The anteriors show very flat curves, 
narrow necks and leave long interdental spaces. 
The posteriors are of medium length, have narrow necks, prominent cusps 
and deep sulci. The occlusal surfaces of the bicuspids are medium, of the 
molars small. 
Articulates well with upper mould 27. 
Indications. The use of this mould is restricted to small mouths and 
narrow arches and to cases where vertical absorption is marked. The an- 
teriors require 9% mm. above the ridge, the second bicuspid requires 7 mm., 
but the second molar requires only 5% mm. 
MOULD 11. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
5 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8^ 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 5*2 mm. Collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 22 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 36 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 97 mm. 
The anteriors are slightly wider than in mould 25 and carry the width 
further cervically leaving shorter interdental spaces. 
The bicuspids and molars are long. The bicuspids have rather straight 
buccal surfaces, but in the molars the buccal surface is shaped to throw the 
buccal cusps well toward the lingual. The occlusal surfaces are of medium 
size with rounding cusps and medium deep sulci. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 8-10-26-38-51-74. 
Indications. The anteriors require 8% mm. above surface of ridge, the 
bicuspids require 7 mm. and the second molar 5 or 5% mm. This indicates use 
where there is much vertical absorption in front. 
149 MOULD 95. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
4^ mm., shut 5 mm., ridge-lap 2|£ mm. Combined width 4 incisors, 23 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors, 37 mm. Combined width full 14, 101 mm. Com- 
bined bite and shut of central, 10 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 
7^ mm. Slight collar. 
The incisors have their greatest widths at the junction of the middle and 
incisal thirds. The necks are medium wide. Interdental spaces not very wide 
and do not extend far up the teeth. 
The bicuspids and molars are rather long. The first bicuspid is small; 
the second is large. The first molar is large and the second rather small. 
The bicuspids and molars have short cusps, medium deep sulci and thick 
lingual cusps thick over pins to permit grinding. 
This mould was made especially to articulate with plain upper mould 95. 
It articulates also with plain upper moulds 50-49-1-87. 
LONG MOULDS. 
LONG AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
MOULD 96. Dimensions of centrals: length 11 mm., width 6 mm., bite 
3^ mm., shut 4B> mm., ridge-lap 3H mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 8^ mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6(2 mm. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 25 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 40 mm. Combined width full 14, 109 mm. 
Anteriors have their greatest widths at the cutting edges and are made 
to set very close together in this region. Have rather narrow necks, and very 
pleasing outlines when collars are covered with rubber. 
Bicuspids have medium large occlusal surfaces. The molars have quite 
large occlusal surfaces. 
Made to articulate with plain upper mould 96. Articulates also with plain 
upper mould No. 96. 
150 MOULD 28. Dimensions of centrals: length 12 mm., width 5% mm., 
bite 6 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
914 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 24 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 38 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 102 mm. 
The anteriors carry their greatest widths cervically nearly half the length 
of the enamel surface. When the collars are covered, interdental spaces of 
moderate length and width will be seen. 
The first bicuspid is small, the second medium; the first molar large and 
the second medium. The cusps are prominent, somewhat rounding and sep- 
arated by deep sulci. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 1-76-86-49-56. 
Indications. The combined bite and shut in the anteriors are so long that 
they require 9% mm. vertical space. The second bicuspid requires 7 mm., 
and the second molar requires 6 mm. 
MOULD 12. Dimensions of centrals: length 13 mm., width mm., 
bite 6 mm., shut 3 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
9*4 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. No collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 26 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 41 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 107 mm. 
The outlines of the anteriors are practically like those of mould 93, allow- 
ing for the greater length and absence of collar. 
The bicuspids and molars are quite long, but seem not to be so in com- 
parison with the anteriors. The buccal surfaces are quite straight, the cusps 
rounding and the sulci deep. 
Articulates well w'ith upper moulds 50-45-74-86-93. 
Indications. The anteriors require 9% mm. vertical space so that they 
may set on top of the ridge; the bicuspids require 7 mm. and the second molar 
6 mm. 
151 MOULD 74. Dimensions of centrals: length 13 mm., width 5|4 mm., bite 
5 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 9}& 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. Deep collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 24 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 36 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 98 mm. 
The anteriors carry their greatest width through the middle third, taper 
to medium wide necks and leave short, narrow interdental spaces. 
The posteriors are quite long, have narrow necks, short cusps and shal- 
low sulci. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 74-38. 
Indications. The anteriors require a vertical space of 9% mm. above the 
ridge, and lap it 4 mm. The bicuspids require about 8 mm., and the second 
molar about 6 mm. 
MOULD 13. Dimensions of centrals: length 14 mm., width mm., bite 
4 mm., shut 7}£ mm., ridge-lap 2}£ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 12 
mm. Required vertical space second molar, 8 mm. Collar medium deep on 
anteriors, very deep on posteriors. Combined width 4 incisors (approxi- 
mately), 26 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 40 mm. Com- 
bined width full 14 (approximately), 101 mm. 
Narrow in proportion to its length. The incisors taper from near the 
incisal edges to medium wide necks and present long, narrow interdental 
spaces. 
The posteriors are very long with very deep collars, medium size occlusal 
surfaces, short rounding cusps and deep sulci. 
Articulates well with upper moulds 50-74-49-81. 
Indications. For cases showing extensive vertical absorption since the 
anteriors require 12 mm. vertical space; the bicuspids require 9 mm., and the 
second molar 8 mm. 
152 LONG MOULDS. 
LONG AND WIDE. 
MOULD 84. Dimensions of centrals: length 11% mm., width 6% mm., 
bite 4^ mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 3% mm. Combined bite and shut of cen- 
tral, 9 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 6 mm. No collar. Com- 
bined width 4 incisors (approximately), 30 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors 
(approximately), 46 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 117 mm. 
The shortest of the long moulds. The anteriors are all wide, the centrals 
being practically as wide as the laterals. The necks are wide enough to leave 
very small interdental spaces. 
The bicuspids and molars are large, with rounding cusps and deep sulci. 
The first bicuspid is smaller than the second. 
Articulates well with upper mould 84. 
Indications. For wide mouths and arches wide from one tuberosity to the 
other. The anteriors have hollow ridge-lap and will set in 9 mm. vertical 
space. The posteriors also have hollow ridge-lap. The bicuspids will set in 
7 mm. vertical space and the second molar in 6 mm. Useful for plates without 
anterior gums. 
MOULD 82. Dimensions of centrals: length 13 mm., width 6^ mm., bite 
5 mm., shut 5h> mm., ridge-lap 2^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
11 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 8 mm. Collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 29 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 45 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 117 mm. 
All the teeth are large in all dimensions. The incisors have their greatest 
width near the cutting edge and taper to medium wide necks, leaving long in- 
terdental spaces of medium width. 
The posteriors are large with short rounding cusps and shallow sulci. 
All have thick lingual cusps, long shut and slightly hollow ridge-lap. 
Articulates well with upper mould 82. 
153 Indications. The combined bite of the anteriors and shut occupy 11 mm., 
and indicate the necessity of that much vertical space above the ridge. The 
bicuspids require 9 mm. vertical space, and the second molar 8 mm. 
MOULD 83. Dimensions of centrals: length 14^ mm., width 6^ mm., 
bite 6 mm., shut 5mm, ridge-lap 3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 
12 mm. Required vertical space second molar, 7 mm. No collar. Combined 
width 4 incisors (approximately), 28 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (ap- 
proximately), 44 mm. Combined width full 14 (approximately), 117 mm. 
An extremely long mould. The incisors have their greatest width about 
the middle third, and taper slowly to rather wide necks, leaving small inter- 
dental spaces. 
The posteriors are long, with narrow necks, but the occlusal surfaces are 
not large in proportion to the other dimensions. The cusps are short and the 
sulci shallow. The lingual cusps are thick. The shut is rather short, and the 
ridge-lap hollow. 
Articulates well with upper mould 83. 
Indications. For wide mouths and arches showing extreme absorption. 
The anteriors require 12 mm. vertical space above the ridge, the bicuspids 
require 9 mm., and the second molar 7 mm. 
It is important that artificial teeth be set in the proper vertical slant. 
That is, the upper molars should not slant out too much, or the lowers 
too much inward. 
It is one of the advantages of the anatomical moulds that they may 
be set in proper positions and the occlusal surfaces have the slopes re- 
quired for articulation. On this account, as well as others, the use of 
anatomical moulds is strongly recommended. 
154 TO SECURE EXTREMELY SHALLOW 
BICUSPIDS AND MOLARS. 
When none of our plain lower bicuspids and molars are suffi- 
ciently shallow to set in proper positions, Saddleback bicuspids and 
molars, lowers, with regular double-headed vulcanite pins may 
be ordered from Saddleback Facing Moulds Nos. 2-3-7-10 and 13, 
shown below. 
As these teeth may not be regularly carried in stock by your 
dental depot, orders should be sent us direct to be filled through 
your dealer. 
A few of these shallow teeth should be kept on hand by every 
dentist, since they are often very useful. 
The dimensions can be obtained with sufficient accuracy from 
the illustrations which are the same sizes as the teeth. 
TWENTIETH CENTURY VULCANITE TEETH 
PLAIN LOWERS IN 6's. 
MOULD Al. Dimensions of centrals: length, 12 mm., width, 6 mm., bite 
2^ mm., shut, 5% mm., ridge-lap, 4 mm. Required vertical space above ridge 
at central, 8% mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 43 mm. No 
collar. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 95-18-12-93 to form 14s. 
155 MOULD A2. Dimensions of centrals: length, 11*4 mm., width, 5 mm., bite, 
3 mm., shut, 6 mm., ridge-lap, 2% mm. Required vertical space above ridge at 
central, 9*4 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 36 mm. 
Long narrow anteriors with medium narrow necks. Narrow interdental 
spaces. 
This mould shows a medium bite, long shut and short ridge-lap. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 74-11-28-16 to form 14s. 
MOULD A3. Dimensions of centrals: length, 11 mm., width, 5% mm., 
bite, 2 mm., shut, 5 mm., ridge-lap, 4 mm. Required vertical space above ridge 
at central, 7^4 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 39 mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 74-11-18-28-95-105 to 
form 14s. 
MOULD A4. Dimensions of centrals: length, 12 mm., width, 6 mm., 
bite, 2% mm., shut, 5*4 mm., ridge-lap, 4 mm. Required vertical space above 
ridge at central, 8% mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 44 mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 12-13-93-95 to form 14s. 
MOULD 4. Dimensions of centrals: length, 12^4 mm., width, 4^ mm. 
bite, 3% mm., shut, 7*4 mm., ridge-lap, 1% mm. Required vertical space above 
ridge at central, 11*4 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 34 mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 11-74-13 to form 14s. 
15.-No Illustration. 
MOULD 15.-Dimensions of centrals: length, 9 mm., width, 4 mm., bite, 
3 mm., shut 4 mm., ridge-lap 2 mm. Required vertical space above ridge at 
central, 7% mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 34 mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 7-8-17-67-10 to form 14s. 
156 MOULD 20. Dimensions of centrals: length, 16 mm., width, 5 mm., bite, 
3*4 mm., shut, 10% mm., ridge-lap, 2 mm. Required vertical space above ridge 
at central, 14% mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 38 mm. 
MOULD 22. Dimensions of centrals: length, 14% mm., width, 5 mm., bite, 
4% mm., shut, 5*4 mm., ridge-lap, 4% mm. Required vertical space above ridge 
at central, 10% mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 36 mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 13-93 to form 14s. 
MOULD 23. Dimensions of centrals: length, 16% mm., width, 4% mm., 
bite, 5 mm., shut 6 mm., ridge-lap, 5*4 mm. Required vertical space above 
ridge at central, 11*4 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 33 mm. 
MOULD 26. Dimensions of centrals: length, 19*4 mm., width, 5% mm., 
bite, 6% mm., shut, 7% mm., ridge-lap, 5*4 mm. Required vertical space above 
ridge at central, 14*4 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 40 
mm. 
MOULD 31. Dimensions of centrals: length, 11 mm., width, 4 mm., bite, 
2% mm., shut, 6 mm., ridge-lap, 2% mm. Required vertical space above ridge 
at central, 9 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 30 mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 25-74-16 to form 14s. 
157 MOULD 32. Dimensions of centrals: length, 11 mm., width, 5 mm., bite. 
3 mm., shut, 6 mm., ridge-lap, 2 mm. Required vertical space above ridge at 
central, 9% mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 35 mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 78-25-5 to form 14s. 
MOULD 33. Dimensions of centrals: length, 13% mm., width, 4% mm., 
bite, 3 mm., shut 8 mm., ridge-lap, 2% mm. Required vertical space above 
ridge at central, 11% mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 34 
mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 13-93-74 to form 14s. 
MOULD 34. Dimensions of centrals: length, 12% mm., width, 5 mm., 
bite, 3% mm., shut 6% mm., ridge-lap, 2% mm. Required vertical space above 
ridge at central, 10% mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 35 
mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 13-93-74 to form 14s. 
A.-No Illustration. 
MOULD A. Dimensions of centrals: length, 8^ mm., width, 4 mm., bite, 
mm., shut, 5 mm., ridge-lap, 2 mm. Required vertical space above ridge at 
central, 7 mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 29 mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower mould 52. 
MOULD 35. Dimensions of centrals: length, 12% mm., width, 4% mm., 
bite, 3 mm., shut, 7 mm., ridge-lap, 2% mm. Required vertical space above 
ridge at central, 10% mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 33 mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 74-11-25 to form 14s. 
158 MOULD 36. Dimensions of centrals: length, 11% mm., width, 4% mm., 
bite, 3 mm., shut, 5 mm., ridge-lap, 3% mm. Required vertical space above ridge 
at central, 8% mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 34 mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 25-74-11 to form 14s. 
MOULD 29. Dimensions of centrals: length, 11 mm., width, 5 mm., 
bite, 3 mm., shut, 7 mm., ridge-lap, 1 mm. Required vertical space above ridge 
at central, 10% mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 36 mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 90-91-65-79-78 to form 
14s. 
MOULD 37. Dimensions of centrals: length, 12 mm., width, 5 mm., bite, 
3 mm., shut, 9 mm., ridge-lap, none. Required vertical space above ridge at 
central, 8% mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 35 mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower moulds 90-91-78-65-74 to form 
14s. 
60.-No Illustration. 
MOULD 60. Dimensions of centrals: length, 16 mm., width, 5% mm., 
bite, 5 mm., shut, 7 mm., ridge-lap, 4 mm. Required vertical space above ridge 
at central, 12% mm. Combined width 6 anteriors (approximately), 41 mm. 
Combine well with posteriors from lower mould 83. 
The lower vulcanite moulds regularly comprising anatomical bicus- 
pids and molars have been carded so that the lower anteriors are of 
correct widths for the upper anteriors. Allowances have been made, 
however, for slight irregularities in the lower anteriors, which do so 
much to make dentures look natural. 
159 CHAPTER XII 
Gum Vulcanite Moulds 
In Twentieth Century, Solila and Dentsply Teeth 
With Measurements, Illustrations and Descriptions. 
In selecting gum teeth the considerations are slightly different 
from those involved in choosing plain teeth, owing to the fact that 
the anterior teeth on each block are in fixed relations to each other. 
Each anterior block manifests several characteristics which 
should be considered. First comes the curvature, mesio-distally. 
Some arches are very flat in front, showing a nearly straight line 
between the cuspid eminences. Others are much curved. Some 
arches show marked prominences in the cuspid regions while others 
curve regularly from median line to tuberosity. Moulds having 
anterior blocks with the proper curvature should be chosen. 
The indications in some cases are for anterior blocks with 
full or even bulging gums, while others call for medium full or re- 
treating gums. These considerations, together with the gum mark- 
ings, have much to do with the appearance of the finished set. By 
means of the illustrations and descriptions, these characteristics of 
each mould may be accurately determined. 
• 
Following the gum moulds in sets of 14s, will be found a line 
of gum moulds in 4s Front, that is in two blocks each showing the 
central and lateral. These will be found very useful for partial 
cases and for many repair cases. 
How The Gum Moulds Are Measured. 
The "length" of the central is determined by measuring the 
labial surface from the highest point of the festoon of the gum to 
the cutting edge in the median line. 
160 The width of the central is 
the distance between mesial and 
distal surfaces at the widest part 
of the tooth. 
The "bite" is similar to the 
bite in plain upper teeth. 
The "combined bite and shut" 
is learned by adding together the 
bite and shut, with the addition of 
one-half millimeter to allow for rubber between ridge and block. 
The "Width 3 anteriors" was obtained by laying the celluloid 
measure along the labial surfaces of the teeth as close to the cutting 
edge as possible. The distance from the mesial angle of the cen- 
tral to the distal angle of the cuspid is taken as the width of the 
anteriors. This does not include any of the block outside of the 
teeth. 
The width of the bicuspids was gotten by measuring, with 
calipers, from the contact point on the mesial surface of the first 
bicuspid to the contact point on the distal surface of the second 
bicuspid. This does not include any of the block outside the teeth. 
The molars were measured like the bicuspids. 
The width of the full fourteen is gotten by adding together 
the widths of the blocks and adding 3 millimeters to allow for joints 
in setting up. In the wide moulds 4 millimeters are added. This, 
has been found by experience to be about what is required. 
The Lower Gum Moulds were measured in the same way. 
The greater interest in the articulation of artificial dentures, which 
has been manifested of late, is marked by a distinct preference for plain 
vulcanite teeth in preference to gum teeth. For this reason, the 
anatomical moulds are furnished in plain vulcanite teeth only, and not 
in gum teeth. 
161 TABLE NO. 8 
TWENTIETH CENTURY VULCANITE TEETH-GUM UPPERS 
TABLE OF MOULDS ARRANGED NUMERICALLY 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.')* 
Mould 
No. 
DIMENSIONS OF CENTRAL 
Width 
three 
anteriors 
Width 
bicuspids 
Width 
molars 
Width 
•full 
fourteen 
Articulates 
best with 
lower gum 
moulds! 
Cut and 
descrip- 
tion on 
page 
Length 
Width 
Bite 
Combined 
bite 
and shut 
1 
8 
7 
3 
6^ 
21 
12 
W 
102 
4-3 
170 
2 
8 
7 
3 
6^ 
21 
12 
17 
103 
4-3 
171 
3 
7^ 
7 
2 
5^ 
21 
13 
18 
107 
7-4 
166 
4 
8 
6^ 
2^ 
6 
21 
12 
16 
1U1 
2-3 
167 
5 
8 
7 
3 
7 
22 
12^ 
17 
106 
10-6 
171 
6 
9 
7^ 
3 
5^ 
22 
12 
16^ 
104 
52-1 
182 
7 
12 
8 
4 
8 
25 
14 
21 
124 
13 
192 
8 
10 
8 
3^ 
7 
25 
13 
17 
114 
12 
191 
9 
10 
8^ 
3^ 
7 
25 
13 
19 
118 
120 
192 
10 
10 
8^ 
5 
9 
25 
13 
18 
116 
12 
191 
11 
8 
7 
3 
6 
21 
12 
16 
101 
7-4 
171 
13 
8 
7^ 
2 
6 
22 
12^ 
17 
106 
11-10 
177 
14 
10 
8 
3^ 
7^ 
23 
13 
17 
109 
53-9 
191 
15 
9J^ 
7^ 
3^ 
7 
23 
13 
15^ 
107 
8-11 
188 
16 
9 
7^ 
4 
7^ 
23 
13 
18 
112 
16-8 
182 
17 
8 
7^ 
3^ 
7 
23 
12 
16 
106 
6-11 
177 
18 
9 
6^ 
1^ 
5^ 
21 
12^ 
17 
104 
6-7 
180 
19 
10 
7 
3 
7 
22 
W 
17 
106 
10-4 
189 
20 
8 
7 
2^ 
6 
21 
12 
17 
103 
7-4 
172 
21 
9 
7 
3^ 
8 
22 
W 
17^ 
107 
10-6 
180 
22 
8 
7 
2^ 
7 
22 
13 
17 
107 
10-4 
172 
23 
9 
7^ 
3^ 
7 
23 
13 
17 
109 
11-51 
182 
24 
8 
6^ 
2^ 
6 
21 
12 
16^ 
102 
3-2 
168 
25 
7^ 
7 
2 
5^ 
20 
12 
16^ 
100 
7-3 
167 
27 
8^ 
7 
2H 
5^ 
22 
W 
16^ 
105 
6-51 
179 
28 
W 
8 
5 
8^ 
25 
13 
18 
114 
28 
198 
29 
8 
7 
3 
7 
21 
12 
17 
103 
4-3 
173 
32 
8 
7^ 
3 
7^ 
22 
12H 
16^ 
105 
11-51 
178 
33 
8 
7 
2^ 
6 
21 
12 
17 
103 
2-4 
173 
34 
8 
6^ 
2^ 
6 
20 
ny2 
16 
98 
2-3 
168 
35 
7^ 
6^ 
2^ 
5^ 
19 
10 
15 
91 
35 
167 
36 
9 
8 
3J^ 
7 
23 
13 
18 
112 
9-1 
188 
37 
8 
7 
4 
7^ 
21 
ny2 
W 
101 
3-4 
173 
38 
9 
7^ 
2 
6 
23 
13 
17 
110 
11-7 
181 
39 
10 
7^ 
3J^ 
7^ 
22 
16 
102 
11-4 
190 
40 
9 
7J^ 
3 
7 
22 
12^ 
18 
108 
11-51 
183 
41 
9 
7 
3 
7 
22 
11^ 
17 
104 
52-11 
180 
42 
8 
7 
2 
6^ 
20 
12J^ 
18 
104 
7-52 
174 
43 
8 
7 
3H 
6^ 
21 
W 
16^ 
103 
8-6 
174 
44 
10 
7^ 
3^2 
7 
22 
13 
17 
107 
11-51 
190 
45 
8 
7 
3 
6^ 
21 
11^ 
16^ 
101 
4-3 
175 
46 
9 
7 
3^ 
7 
22 
12^ 
18 
108 
4-10 
181 
47 
9 
7^ 
3^ 
7 
21 
13 
17 
105 
11-51 
183 
48 
9 
7^ 
3J^ 
7 
21 
W 
18 
106 
11-10 
184 
50 
9 
7^ 
3 
6J^ 
22 
12 
16 
103 
11-8 
184 
51 
8 
7 
2^ 
6 
21 
12 
16 
100 
3-2 
175 
52 
8 
6^ 
3^ 
7 
21 
12 
18 
105 
51-11 
169 
53 
8 
6^ 
2^ 
6 
21 
12 
18 
105 
7-52 
169 
54 
8 
6^ 
3 
6^ 
20 
12 
17^ 
102 
3-4 
170 
55 
8 
7 
3 
6J^ 
21 
12 
18 
105 
7-10 
175 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight 
variations. 
fBlack-faced type indicates a lower mould made especially to articulate with that upper. All moulds 
are arranged in order of excellence of articulation, the best being first. 
162 TABLE NO. 8-(Continued) 
TWENTIETH CENTURY VULCANITE TEETH-GUM UPPERS 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
Mould 
No. 
DIMENSIONS OF CENTRAL 
Width 
three 
anteriors 
Width 
bicuspids 
Width 
molars 
Width 
lull 
fourteen 
Articulates 
best with 
lower gum 
moulds f 
Cut and 
descrip- 
tion on 
page 
Length 
Width 
Bite 
Combined 
bite 
and shut 
56 
9 
7K 
3H 
7^ 
22 
12 
17 
105 
11-51 
185 
57 
8 
7^ 
1^ 
5 
22 
12 
17 
105 
6-7 
178 
58 
8 
8 
2 
6 
23 
13 
17^ 
111 
52-11 
179 
59 
10 
7 
1^ 
6 
21 
13 
17 
105 
6-8 
189 
60 
9 
7^ 
4 
7 
23 
13 
17 
109 
9-16 
185 
61 
9 
7^ 
3 
6 
22 
12 
17 
105 
4-7 
186 
62 
9 
7^ 
4 
6^ 
23 
13 
18 
111 
9-16 
186 
63 
9 
7^ 
2 
5 
22 
W 
17 
106 
11-6 
186 
64 
8 
7 
2 
5^ 
20 
12 
17 
105 
64-4 
176 
65 
9 
7J^ 
4 
7^ 
24 
13 
18 
114 
9-16 
187 
66 
5 
6^ 
2 
6 
20 
12 
17 
101 
52-7 
166 
67 
8 
7 
2 
6^ 
20 
ny2 
17 
100 
6-7 
176 
68 
10 
7^ 
4 
9 
23 
13 
18^ 
113 
68-9 
193 
69 
9 
7^ 
2^ 
6^ 
22 
12 
17 
105 
6-11 
187 
70 
8^ 
7 
4 
7 
21 
12 
16 
100 
19 
194 
71 
82 
7 
4 
72 
21 
12 
17 
102 
17 
195 
72 
9 
6 
4 
8 
21 
12 
17 
102 
8 
195 
73 
9 
7 
5 
8 
23 
13 
17 
108 
14 
196 
74 
8 
72 
4 
7 
22 
13 
18 
108 
18 
194 
75 
9 
7 
32 
7 
23 
13 
18 
110 
14 
196 
76 
8 
72 
3 
7 
21 
13 
18 
106 
15 
193 
77 
9 
7 
42 
9 
22 
13 
17 
106 
17 
197 
89 
10 
7 
5 
9 
24 
13 
18 
112 
15 
197 
TABLES OF UPPER GUM MOULDS ARRANGED BY SIZE 
SHORT MOULDS 
SHORT AND NARROW t 
Mould 
No. 
Dimensions of 
Central 
Width 
anterior 
block 
Width 
bicuspid 
Width 
molars 
Width full 
fourteen 
set up 
Articulates 
best with 
lower gum 
moulds^ 
Cut and 
descrip- 
tion on 
page 
Length 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
66 
5 
6 
20 
12 
17 
101 
52-7 
166 
3 
7^ 
5^ 
21 
13 
18 
107 
7-4 
166 
35 
7^ 
5^ 
19 
10 
15 
91 
35 
167 
25 
7^ 
5^ 
20 
12 
W 
100 
7-3 
167 
4 
8 
6 
21 
12 
16 
101 
2-3 
167 
24 
8 
6 
21 
12 
16^ 
102 
3-2 
168 
34 
8 
6 
20 
W 
16 
98 
2-3 
168 
52 
8 
7 
21 
12 
18 
105 
51-11 
169 
53 
8 
6 
21 
12 
18 
105 
7-52 
169 
54 
8 
6^ 
20 
12 
W 
102 
3-4 
170 
1 
8 
6^ 
21 
12 
16J^ 
102 
4-3 
170 
2 
8 
6^ 
21 
12 
17 
103 
4-3 
171 
5 
8 
7 
22 
12^ 
17 
106 
10-6 
171 
11 
8 
6 
21 
12 
16 
101 
7-4 
171 
tIncludes all moulds where the enamel surface of the central is 8 mm. long or less and 7 mm. wide or less. 
*Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight 
variations. 
§ Black-faced type indicates a lower mould made especially to articulate with that upper. All moulds 
are arranged in order of excellence of articulation, the best being first. 
163 TABLE NO. 8-(Continued) 
TWENTIETH CENTURY VULCANITE TEETH-GUM UPPERS 
SHORT MOULDS-{Continued} 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
SHORT AND NARROW Continued 
Cut and 
descrip- 
tion on 
page 
Articulates 
best with 
lower gum 
moulds§ 
eq o 
1 O 1 1 1 I 1 1 I I 4 | OlbOO 
Width 
full 14 
set up 
103 
107 
103 
103 
101 
104 
103 
101 
100 
105 
105 
100 
100 
102 
102 
Width 
molars 
NNNNCDOOCDCOCDOONNCDNN 
rH r-i i"H t-H rH r-H r-H r-1 t-< t-H y-( H r-H 
Width 
bicuspid 
\O1\O4\C^\O4 
C^COOlO4r^O4C<lT-tC^(NCMr-t(>lC^C<l 
Width 
anterior 
block 
cm cm cm cm eq cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm <m 
Dimensions of 
Central 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
\eq\N\M\cq 
Length 
71 ?J 
00XQ0X000000Q000Q0X00C0G0O 
Mould 
No. 
o eq ex co b- eq co io ,-i b- o eq 
cqeqeqcocO'S<TtiTt<K5»Qcoccii>i>b- 
flncludes all moulds where the enamel surface of the centra' is 8 mm. long or less and 7 mm. wide or less- 
tCuspids on separate block. This is width of both blocks, set up. 
SHORT AND MEDIUM WIDEf 
13 
8 
6 
22 
W 
17 
106 
11-10 
177 
17 
8 
7 
23 
12 
16 
106 
6-11 
177 
32 
8 
7^ 
22 
12 y2 
W 
105 
11-51 
178 
57 
8 
5 
22 
12 
17 
105 
6-7 
178 
74 
8 
7 
22 
13 
18 
108 
18 
194 
76 
8 
7 
21 
13 
18 
106 
15 
193 
tThis group includes all moulds where the enamel surface of the central is 8 mm. long and between 
7 and 8 mm. wide. 
SHORT AND WIDE 
58 
8 
6 
23 
13 
17J^ 
111 
52-11 
179 
MEDIUM LONG MOULDS 
MEDIUM LONG AND NARROWf 
27 
8^ 
5^ 
22 
12H 
16H 
105 
6-51 
179 
18 
9 
5^ 
21 
W 
17 
104 
6-7 
180 
21 
9 
8 
22 
12^ 
17/^ 
107 
10-6 
180 
41 
9 
7 
22 
17 
104 
52-11 
180 
46 
9 
7 
22 
12^ 
18 
108 
4-10 
181 
flncludes all moulds where the enamel surface of the centrals is over 8 and not more than 9 mm. 
long and 7 mm. wide or less. 
*Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight 
variations. 
§ Black-faced type indicates a lower mould made especially to articulate with that upper. All moulds 
are arranged in order of excellence of articulation, the best being first. 
164 TABLE NO. 8-^Continued} 
TWENTIETH CENTURY VULCANITE TEETH-GUM UPPERS 
LONG MOULDS 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
MEDIUM LONG AND MEDIUM WIDEf 
Mould 
No. 
Dimensions of 
Central 
Width 
anterior 
block 
Width 
bicuspids 
Width 
molars 
Width 
full 14 
set up 
Articulates 
best with 
lower gum 
mouldsj 
Cut and 
descrip- 
tion on 
page 
Length 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
38 
9 
6 
23 
13 
17 
110 
11-7 
181 
6 
9 
5^ 
22 
12 
16^ 
104 
52-1 
182 
16 
9 
7^ 
23 
13 
18 
112 
16-8 
182 
23 
9 
7 
23 
13 
17 
109 
11-51 
182 
40 
9 
7 
22 
12^ 
18 
108 
11-51 
183 
47 
9 
7 
21 
13 
17 
105 
11-51 
183 
48 
9 
7 
21 
12^ 
18 
106 
11-10 
184 
50 
9 
6^ 
22 
12 
16 
103 
11-8 
184 
56 
9 
7^ 
22 
12 
17 
105 
11-51 
185 
60 
9 
7 
23 
13 
17 
109 
9-16 
185 
61 
9 
6 
22 
12 
17 
105 
4-7 
186 
62 
9 
6^ 
23 
13 
18 
111 
9-16 
186 
63 
9 
5 
22 
W 
17 
106 
11-6 
186 
65 
9 
7^ 
24 
13 
18 
114 
9-16 
187 
69 
9 
6^ 
22 
12 
17 
105 
6-11 
187 
73 
9 
8 
23 
13 
17 
108 
14 
196 
75 
9 
7 
23 
13 
18 
110 
14 
196 
77 
9 
9 
22 
13 
17 
106 
17 
197 
89 
10 
9 
24 
13 
18 
112 
15 
197 
tincludes all moulds where the enamel surface of the central is over 8 mm. long and not over 9; and 
where it is between 7 and 8 mm. wide. 
MEDIUM LONG AND WIDE 
36 
9 
7 
23 
13 
IS 
112 
9-1 
188 
15 
9^ 
7 
23 
13 
15^ 
107 
8-11 
188 
19 
10 
7 
22 
12J^ 
17 
106 
10-4 
189 
59 
10 
6 
21 
13 
17 
105 
6-8 
189 
39 
10 
7^ 
22 
16 
102 
11-4 
190 
44 
10 
7 
22 
13 
17 
107 
11-51 
190 
LONG AND MEDIUM WIDEf 
tincludes all moulds where the enamel surface of the central is over 9 mm. long but not more than 
10 mm.; and between 7 and 8 mm. wide. 
LONG AND WIDE 
8 
10 
7 
25 
13 
17 
114 
12 
191 
68 
10 
9 
23 
13 
18^ 
113 
68-9 
193 
14 
10 
7^ 
23 
13 
17 
109 
53-9 
191 
9 
10 
7 
25 
13 
19 
118 
120 
192 
7 
12 
8 
25 
14 
21 
124 
13 
192 
10 
10 
9 
25 
13 
18 
116 
12 
191 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight 
variations. 
§ Black-faced type indicates a lower mould made especially to articulate with that upper. All 
moulds are arranged in order of excellence of articulation, the best being first. 
165 Twentieth Century 
Vulcanite Teeth 
GUM UPPERS. 
SHORT AND NARROW 
MOULD 66. Dimensions of central: length 5 mm., width 6|& mm., bite 
2 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 20 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 5 mm. Width full 14, 101 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 
7 mm. 
The shortest upper gum mould. The enamel surface in all the anteriors 
is considerably wider than it is long. The anterior block is quite flat, and may 
be used in a comparatively wide arch. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is prominent over the cuspids and then 
slopes away rapidly to meet the bicuspid blocks. The depressions between the 
roots of the anteriors are very faint. 
The ridge side of the anterior blocks is noticeably hollowed at the cuspid, 
indicating the use of this mould over ridges prominent in that region. 
The bicuspids and molars have prominent cusps, and deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 52-7. 
MOULD 3. Dimensions of central: length 7^ mm., width 7 mm., bite 2 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 mm. 
Width full 14, 107 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The dimensions of the anteriors of this mould are similar to those in mould 
25, but the anterior block is more curved, indicating its use in an arch not so 
flat between the cuspids. 
The bicuspids are slightly wider than those in mould 25, and the molars 
considerably wider. The result is that this set is noticeably wider than in 
mould 25. 
This mould also requires slightly more vertical space for the anteriors, 
and a full millimeter more for the posteriors. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 7-4. 
166 MOULD 35. Dimensions of central: length 7}& mm., width 6^ mm., 
bite 2^2 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 5^ mm. Width 3 anteriors, 
20 mm. Width bicuspids, 10 mm. Width molars, 15 mm. Vertical space, 
molars, 5 mm. Width full 14, 93 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 
3 mm. 
The gum is inclined to be flat above all the anteriors and shows no prom- 
inence over the cuspid. 
The anteriors are small with straight sides and comparatively wide necks. 
The anterior blocks are quite well curved. 
The bicuspids and molars are small with prominent cusps and fairly deep 
sulci. The result is that the full fourteen is very narrow. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum mould 35. 
MOULD 25. Dimensions of central: length 7^ mm., width 7 mm., bite 
2 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 5^ mm. Width 3 anteriors, 20 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 16 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5 
mm. Width full 14, 100 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 3 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks shows no prominence over the cuspid. It 
rounds away evenly from the central. 
The enamel surface of the centrals is nearly as wide as it is long, and it 
tapers to a rather wide neck. The laterals are more triangular and are set on 
more of a slant. The bicuspids are medium in size with prominent cusps and 
deep sulci. The molars are rather small. 
The anterior blocks of this mould are rather flat. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 7-3. 
MOULD 4. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 6^ mm., bite 
2}& mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
167 Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 16 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5^ 
mm. Width full 14, 101 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum of the anteriors is medium full with scarcely visible depres- 
sions between roots. It curves evenly from the central and presents no 
prominence over the cuspid. 
The enamel space of the centrals is longer than in any of the moulds 
so far described, with comparatively straight sides, and medium wide necks. 
The anterior blocks are medium round. 
The bicuspids are rather small. The molars are of medium size. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 2-3-4. 
MOULD 24. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width, 6% mm., bite 
2^2 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 
mm. Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 16^ mm. Vertical space, 
molars, 5 mm. Width full 14, 102 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of cen- 
tral, 5 mm. 
Gum of anterior blocks is quite flat. It shows depressions between roots 
quite plainly and slight prominences over the cuspids. 
The centrals are quite narrow in proportion to their length, with medium 
wide necks. The anterior blocks are medium rounding. The bicuspids and 
molars are of medium size, with prominent cusps and well defined sulci. 
This mould will be useful where the labio-incisal angle of bite comes 
about 6 ,mm. below the surface of the ridge. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 3-2-4. 
MOULD 34. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 6^ mm., bite 
2^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 20 
mm. Width bicuspids, 11 mm. Width molars, 16 mm. Vertical space, 
molars, 5 mm. Width full 14, 98 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 
4 mm. 
The gum of the anteriors is rather flat. It shows faint depressions and 
very slight prominences over the cuspids. 
The centrals are of the same dimensions as those in mould 24, but the 
anterior block is narrower and a good deal more curved. The laterals are 
quite irregular, somewhat on the lap-lateral style. 
168 The bicuspids and molars are rather small. They show prominent cusps 
and deep sulci. The whole fourteen is quite narrow, indicating its use in small 
mouths. The bicuspids and molar blocks require only 5 mm. vertical space, 
and may be used for quite a close bite. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum mould 2-3. 
MOULD 52. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 6^ mm., bite 
3% mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 
mm. Width full 14, 105 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 >mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is very smooth. It shows almost no de- 
pression and is not prominent over the cuspids. 
The centrals are much like those in mould 34, but the laterals have much 
wider necks and the cuspids are considerably larger in all dimensions. The re- 
sult is that the anterior blocks are each one a millimeter wider than in mould 
34. The anterior blocks are rather flat. The bicuspids are medium in size, 
while the occlusal surfaces of the molars are rather large. All the posteriors 
present sharp, prominent cusps and deep sulci. 
The anteriors are indicated in cases where the labio-incisal angle of bite 
comes about 7 mm. below the ridge. The posteriors require space as indi- 
cated. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 51-11. 
MOULD 53. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width mm., bite 
2^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 mm. 
Width full 14, 105 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central 4 mm. 
While the anterior blocks do not show any marked prominences over the 
cuspids, the ridge sides of the gums are hollowed to allow them to fit ridges 
prominent in the cuspid region. This makes the labial side straighter from 
central to cuspid than in many of the moulds. The cuspids slant mesially and 
somewhat inward to align with the incisors. 
The measurements are practically identical with mould 52, but the an- 
teriors have narrow necks, and the anterior blocks are more rounding. 
This mould also requires slightly less space between the ridge and labio- 
incisal angle of bite. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 7-52-51. 
169 MOULD 54. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 6^ mm., bite 
3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6J2 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 20 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17^ mm. Vertical space, molars, 5^ 
mm. Width full 14, 102 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is very thin and retreats immediately 
above the festoon. It makes this mould valuable where it is necessary to 
avoid bulk under the upper lip. 
The dimensions of the anteriors are nearly the same as those in moulds 
53 and 52, but the anterior blocks are more rounding and a trifle narrower. 
The bicuspids are a little smaller, and the molars noticeably smaller. The re- 
sult is that the full fourteen is two millimeters narrower. 
This mould is indicated for cases presenting the same size arch and the 
same distance from ridge to labio-incisal angle of bite as in the two moulds 
above, but where the mouth is narrower. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 3-4-2. 
MOULD 1. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 5 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 16 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5^ mm. Width full 14, 102 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 
mm. 
The anterior blocks show medium full gums. The cuspid is set well out- 
ward and the ridge side of the gum is hollowed behind it to permit this block 
to fit ridges prominent in the cuspid region. The depressions on this gum are 
faint. The anterior blocks are quite rounding. 
The anteriors appear slightly wedge shape, due to the narrow necks. 
The bicuspids and molars are medium in width, and have prominent cusps 
and deep sulci. 
This mould is indicated for arches narrow from side to side, and where the 
labio-incisal angle of bite come about 6% mm. below the ridge. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 4-3. 
170 MOULD 2. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6^2 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 
mm. Width full 14, 103 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is medium full and shows quite plainly de- 
pressions between the roots. The cuspid is set far enough forward to give 
the teeth due prominence in that region and the ridge side of the gum is con- 
siderably hollowed behind the cuspid. 
The dimensions are the same as those for mould 1, but the anterior 
blocks are more rounding. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 4-3-2. 
MOULD 5. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12^ mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
6 mm. Width full 14. 106 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The anterior blocks show medium full gums, with very faint depres- 
sions and very slight prominences over the cuspids. 
The anteriors show quite straight approximal sides with medium wide 
necks. The anterior blocks are quite rounding. 
The bicuspids and molars are of medium size, prominent cusps, and deep 
sulci. 
1 he anteriors are indicated where the labio-incisal angle is about 7 mm. 
below the ridge. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 10-6-11-51. 
MOULD 11. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
171 Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 16 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5 
mm. Width full 14, 101 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 3 mm. 
The gum of the mould shows the depressions between the roots of the 
anteriors rather plainly. There are no prominences over the cuspids. 
This mould is practically identical with mould 4, except that the anterior 
blocks are more curved. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 7-4-3. 
MOULD 20. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 2}£ 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 
mm. Width full 14, 103 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
A lap-lateral mould. 
Anterior blocks show medium full gums, with especial prominences over 
the lateral roots. The ridge sides of the anterior blocks are evenly hollowed. 
The anterior blocks are medium curved. 
The appearance of the anteriors is distinguished by the especially long 
mesial angle of the laterals, and their positions with reference to the centrals. 
The bicuspids and molars are medium in size, with prominent cusps and 
deep sulci. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 7-4. 
MOULD 22. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 2}£ 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 mm. 
Width full 14, 107 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
The anterior blocks show a thin gum which retreats immediately above 
the festoon. The prominences over the roots and the depressions between 
them are plainly marked, and there is a noticeable prominence over each cus- 
pid. The ridge side of these blocks is but slightly hollowed over the centrals 
and laterals, but much more so over the cuspid. It will, therefore, fit ridges 
prominent in the cuspid region. 
The bicuspids and molars are of medium size, with prominent cusps and 
deep sulci. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 10-4-11-8. 
172 MOULD 29. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, S 
mm. Width full 14, 103 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The ridge side of the gum of the anterior blocks is hollow over the cus- 
pid to permit it to fit ridges prominent in this region. The labial surface is 
smooth, showing faint depressions between the roots and no prominence 
over the cuspids. 
The anteriors are as shown. The anterior blocks are quite flat. The bi- 
cuspids and molars are medium with prominent cusps and deep sulci. 
This mould requires 7 mm. between the ridge and the labio-incisal angle 
of bite. It articulates well with lower gum moulds 4-3. 
MOULD 33. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 
2J& mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 
mm. Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 15 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5 mm. Width full 14, 103 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The first bicuspid in this mould is small; the second medium; the molars 
small. The posteriors all show prominent cusps, with deep sulci. 
Articulates well with lower gum moulds 2-4-3. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is inclined to be very flat and smooth 
and shows no prominences over the cuspids. 
MOULD 37. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 4 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7^ mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 11mm. Width molars, 16^ mm. Vertical space, molars, 
mm. Width full 14, 101 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 
mm. 
173 The measurements of this mould are practically identical with those of 
mould 43, but the shape of the gum portion of the block is quite different. 
In mould 43 the gum shows a decided prominence over each cuspid, which 
makes the anterior blocks rather flat as far distally as the cuspid eminence. In 
this mould the blocks are not prominent over the cuspid, and rounds gradually 
from the centrals to the bicuspids. The cuspids in this mould are smaller than 
in mould 43. The anterior blocks are quite flat. 
Articulates well with lower gum moulds 3-4. 
MOULD 42. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 2 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, mm. Width 3 anteriors, 20 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5% mm. Width full 14, 104 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 
mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is only medium full. The depressions be- 
tween the roots are plainly visible, and there is a prominence over each cuspid. 
This makes the labial surface of these blocks rather straight. The anterior 
blocks are quite flat. 
The measurements are practically the same as those in mould 29, but the 
laterals and cuspids set on less of a slant towards the ridge, and show wider 
necks. 
Articulates well with lower gum moulds 7-52. 
MOULD 43. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6% mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 16^ mm. Vertical space, molars, 
mm. Width full 14, 103 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 
mm. 
The ridge sides of the anterior blocks are hollowed over the cuspids to 
allow them to fit ridges prominent in this region. The prominence of the cus- 
pids makes the labial surface quite straight. Anterior blocks are quite flat. 
The anteriors project farther below the pink of the gums and the cus- 
pids are considerably larger than in mould 42. 
The bicuspids are the same size, but the molars are noticeably smaller. 
The sulci in the posteriors are unusually deep, resulting in long cusps. 
Articulates well with lower gum moulds 8-6-51. 
174 MOULD 45. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite, 
3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 61-2 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 11^ mm. Width molars, 16^ mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5 mm. Width full 14, 101 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
This mould is distinguished by the fact that the anteriors instead of set- 
ting nearly perpendicular to the gum, incline noticeably outward. This makes 
a block which is thick linguo-labially over the ridge. 
This mould will be useful in cases where the absorption is such that the 
anteriors need to slope forward in order to give the lips their proper expres- 
sion. 
Articulates well with lower gum moulds 4-3. 
MOULD 51. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 
2^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 16 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5 
mm. Width full 14, 100 mm. Cuspids on separate block. Depth of gum above 
festoon of central, 3 mm. 
This mould is distinguished by having the cuspids on a separate block. 
This permits setting the blocks holding the centrals and laterals almost straight, 
and arranging the cuspids as desired. The bicuspids and molars are small, 
with prominent cusps and deep sulci. The whole fourteen is narrow. 
Articulates with lower gum moulds 3-2. 
MOULD 55. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6^mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 mm. 
Width full 14, 105 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
175 The gum over each cuspid is quite prominent and makes the blocks nearly 
straight on the labial surface. 
The bicuspids are rather small. The molars are rather large with square 
surfaces. All the posteriors show prominent cusps and deep sulci. 
Articulates well with lower gum moulds 7-10-6-8. 
MOULD 64. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 2 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 5% mm. Width 3 anteriors, 20 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5 
mm. Width full 14, 105 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
The measurements are practically the same as those of mould 57, but the 
appearance of the anterior blocks is entirely different, due to the difference in 
the shape of the gums. The gum in this mould is much less prominent than 
that in 67, and the natural depressions between the roots of the anteriors are 
delicately indicated. The anteriors slope slightly outward, but not to such an 
extent as in mould 67, and do not form such an angle with the gum. The 
cuspid in this mould has a noticeable mesial slant and slants also somewhat 
inward. 
The bicuspids and molars have slightly smaller occlusal surfaces, shorter 
cusps and more shallow sulci than in mould 67. 
Articulates well with lower gum moulds 64-4. 
This mould will fit well ridges that are quite prominent in the cuspid 
region. 
MOULD 67. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 2 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6I2 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 20 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 11 % mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 
mm. Width full 14, 100 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 7 mm. 
The gum is very deep over the centrals and curves down to the cuspids in 
quite a different manner than any previously shown. The gum is also quite full. 
That is, it is made to represent a plump or prominent gum, having its greatest 
plumpness about 2 mm. above the festoon about the neck of the central. It 
176 then rounds in noticeably to form the festoons. The ridge side of this gum is 
so hollowed that it will best fit ridges prominent in the central and lateral 
region. The anteriors project down and out, and the block is quite rounding. 
The bicuspids are rather small. The molars are medium. The sulci are 
deep, and the cusps prominent, the molar cusps especially so. 
While the anteriors of this mould project in somewhat the same way as 
those of mould 45, the appearance is made entirely different by the flatness of 
the gum in mould 45, and its plumpness in this mould. 
Articulates with lower gum moulds 6-7. 
SHORT AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
MOULD 13. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 71-2 mm., bite 
2 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5^ 
mm. Width full 14, 106 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The anterior blocks show a fairly full gum. The depression between the 
roots of the anteriors is delicately shown and the cuspid sets far enough out 
to give the blocks a somewhat straight labial surface. The ridge side of the 
block is very hollow. The incisors are of medium size, with medium wide necks. 
The bicuspids and molars are medium with slightly rounding cusps and fairly 
deep sulci. 
The hollow on the ridge side of the anterior blocks is such as to indicate 
the use of this mould where the ridge is quite prominent in the anterior re- 
gion, and the blocks need to curve about it. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 11-10-6-51. 
MOULD 17. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7^2 mm., bite 
3^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 23 
mm. Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 16 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5 % mm. Width full 14, 106 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central 
4 mm. 
177 The gum in the anterior blocks is retreating and thin. The eminences 
caused by the roots and the depressions between them are plainly shown, but 
there is no special eminence over the cuspid. 
The hollow on the ridge side of these blocks is such as to indicate their 
use where the gum is rather flat. 
The anteriors are of quite good size with rather narrow necks. 
The bicuspids and molars are small, with prominent cusps and fairly 
deep sulci. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 6-11. 
MOULD 32. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7% mm., bite 
3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7^ mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12^ mm. Width molars, 16^ mm. Vertical space, molars, 
6 mm. Width full 14, 105 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is medium full, very smooth, and shows 
no prominence over the cuspid. The anterior teeth flare outward, noticeably 
more than in most of the moulds so far described. The cuspid sets quite 
well forward and the ridge sides of the blocks are so hollowed that they will 
fit ridges prominent in the cuspid section. The bicuspids and molars are 
medium in size, with medium prominent cusps and rather deep sulci. 
This mould should be valuable in cases where the lower anterior teeth 
come well forward and it is desired to avoid bulk under the upper lip. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 11-51-8-6-10. 
MOULD 57. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7^2 mm., bite 
1^2 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 5 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 
mm. Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
4 mm. Width full 14, 105 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum is medium full, with very gentle markings. The ridge side of 
the blocks is so shaped as to closely fit ridges not especially prominent in 
the cuspid regions. The bicuspids and molars are small, with prominent cusps 
and deep sulci. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 6-7-4-2. 
178 SHORT AND WIDE. 
MOULD 58. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 8 mm., bite 2 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 23 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5% mm. Width full 14, 111 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 
mm. 
The anterior blocks show a medium full gum, with faint depressions 
between the roots. There are no prominences over the cuspids. The ridge side 
of the blocks is more deeply hollowed over the laterals, and will closely fit 
ridges prominent at that point. 
The anterior teeth are of medium size. The centrals show rather wide 
necks, but the necks of the cuspids and laterals are rather narrow. 
The bicuspids and molars are medium in size. The bicuspids have very 
sharp cusps and deep sulci, but the cusps of the molars are not so prominent. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 52-11-8. 
MEDIUM LONG AND NARROW. 
MOULD 27. Dimensions of central: length 8}£ mm., width 7 mm., bite 
2mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 5|6 mm. Width 3 anteriors 22 
mm. Width bicuspids, 12^6 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, 
molars, 5 mm. Width full 14, 105 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of 
central, 5 mm. 
The gum in the anterior blocks is medium full and very smooth. It 
shows no depressions between the roots, and no prominences over the cuspids. 
The labial surfaces of the cuspids are large and have prominent ridges. 
Articulate well with lower gum moulds 6-51. 
179 MOULD 18. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 6^ mm., bite 
2 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 5 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12^ mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5 mm. Width full 14, 104 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The anteriors show quite full gums, with depressions between the roots 
of the anteriors. While there is no special prominence over the cuspid, this 
tooth is set well outward making the labial side of the gum rather straight. 
The ridge side of the anterior blocks is hollowed deeply behind the cuspids 
to fit ridges prominent in this section. The anterior blocks are quite straight. 
The bicuspids and molars are a trifle less than medium in size, with 
prominent cusps and deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 6-7-8-10. 
MOULD 21. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7 mm., bite 3^ 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5 mm. 
Width full 14, 107 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The anterior blocks show a retreating gum, with marked depressions 
between the roots. The cuspid is set well outward and there is a prominence 
over the root. The result being that the labial surface of the block is rather 
flat. The ridge side of the gums is slightly more hollowed over the cuspid. 
The anterior blocks are rather flat. 
The bicuspids and molars are medium in size, with prominent cusps and 
deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 10-6-51. 
MOULD 41. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7 mm., bite 3% 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
180 Width bicuspids, 113£ mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5 mm. Width full 14, 104 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The anterior blocks show medium full gums, quite smooth. The laterals 
are set well outward and there is a slight depression over the root. The ridge 
side of the gum is slightly more hollowed behind the cuspid. The anterior 
blocks are quite flat. 
The laterals are set with the distal angle twisted outward, almost lapping 
the central. This lends an appearance of naturalness. 
The bicuspids are a trifle smaller than medium, and the molars medium. 
All have very prominent cusps and deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 52-11. 
MOULD 46. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7 mm., bite 4 mm. 
Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. Width 
bicuspids, 121-2 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5 36 mm. 
Width full 14, 108 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The anterior blocks show a full gum, with broad depressions between 
the root. There is no especial prominence over the cuspid, but the ridge side 
of the anterior blocks are more deeply hollowed at this point. 
The bicuspids and molars are medium in size. The cusps are prominent 
and the sulci deep. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 4-10. 
MEDIUM LONG AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
MOULD 38. Dimensions of central: length 834 mm., width 734 mm., bite 
3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 23 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5 32 
mm. Width full 14, 110 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
The anterior blocks show a medium full gum, with gently rounding prom- 
inences over the roots and shallow depressions between. The cuspid is set 
quite well outward, and the ridge side of the blocks are so shaped that they 
will fit ridges prominent in this region. The labial side of the gum, however, 
is not especially prominent over the cuspid. 
The bicuspids and molars are medium in all respects. 
This mould articulates with lower moulds 11-7-8-51. 
181 MOULD 6. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7}£ mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 5^ mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 16^ mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 
mm. Width full 14, 104 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The anterior blocks show quite a full gum. The prominences over the 
roots and the depressions between them are very faintly indicated. The root 
of the cuspid is set well outward. 
The ridge side of the blocks is quite flat over the central and lateral, 
but quite deeply hollowed over the cuspid and will fit ridges prominent in this 
region. 
The bicuspids are medium in size with prominent cusps and deep sulci. 
The molars are also medium with short cusps and shallow sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower moulds 52-1-11-8. 
MOULD 16. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7% mm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7^2 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 23 
mm. Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5 mm. Width full 14, 112 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
The anterior blocks show a medium full gum, almost entirely free from 
markings. There is no prominence over the cuspids. The ridge side of the 
block is rather shallow and curves evenly from the central. 
The bicuspids are of medium size, with prominent cusps and deep sulci. 
The molars are also medium, but have shorter cusps and shallow sulci. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum moulds 16-8. 
MOULD 23. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7}& mm., bite 
3 M mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 23 mm. 
182 Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 mm. 
Width full 14, 109 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
Medium full gum showing slight depressions between the roots but no 
prominence over the cuspid. The ridge side of the block is evenly hollowed 
throughout, and is designed to fit ridges which show no special prominences. 
The centrals are of full medium size, with medium wide necks. The necks 
of the laterals and cuspids are narrow. 
The bicuspids and molars are medium size, with prominent cusps and deep 
sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 11-51. 
MOULD 40. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7% mm., bite 
3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5 mm. Width full 14, 108 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is full but not bulging, and the depressions 
between the roots of the anteriors are plainly shown. No special prominence 
over the cuspid. The gum sides of the blocks are evenly hollowed and are 
intended for ridges not especially prominent in the cuspid region. The 
anterior blocks are quite curved. 
The proportions of the anterior teeth are very pleasing for faces of medium 
size. 
The bicuspids are medium and the molars inclined to be small. 
The cusps are fairly prominent, and the sulci fairly deep. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 11-51-1. 
MOULD 47. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7}& mm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 mm. 
Width full 14, 105 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
The gums of the anterior blocks are quite full, and show neither prom- 
inences over the root nor depressions between them. The ridge sides of 
the blocks are evenly hollowed. The anterior blocks are rather flat. 
The bicuspids and molars are rather small, with slightly rounding cusps 
and medium deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 11-51-8. 
183 MOULD 48. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7*2 mm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5 mm. Width full 14, 106 mrr Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
The gums of the anterior blocks are medium full, but the prominences 
over the roots and the depressions between give them the appearance of being 
less full than they are There is no especial prominence over the cuspid, 
but the cuspid is set well outward, and the ridge sides of the block are more 
deeply hollowed in this region to fit ridges prominent at the cuspid. The 
anterior blocks are very rounding. 
The central is full medium size, the lateral and cuspid a trifle smaller in 
proportion. 
The bicuspids and molars are medium in size, with fairly prominent cusps 
and medium deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 11-10-1. 
MOULD 50. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7|£ mm., bite 
3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 61$ mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 16 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5 
mm. Width full 14, 103 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
This mould is immediately distinguished by the prominence of the lateral, 
which stands forward slightly out of line, somewhat as the lap-lateral moulds 
do in the plain teeth. It gives an added appearance of naturalness. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is quite full but not bulging. In proper 
lights it shows faint depressions between the roots. The anterior blocks are 
quite curved. The ridge sides of the anterior block are evenly hollowed, and 
are intended for ridges evenly curved. The bicuspids are medium in size, with 
prominent cusps and deep sulci. The first molar is rather small, and the 
second molar very small. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 11-8-6. 
184 MOULD 56. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7*4 mm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 J4 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5*4 
mm. Width full 14, 105 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is almost full enough to be called bulging. 
It shows no special prominence over the cuspid. The upper margin of the 
block is so curved as to make the porcelain of the gum deepest over the 
cuspid root. 
The anterior blocks are medium curved. 
The centrals are full medium size, with wide necks. The cuspids slope 
noticeably mesially. 
In proportion to the anteriors the bicuspids and molars seem rather small. 
The bicuspids have prominent cusps and deep sulci, and the molars shorter 
cusps, more rounding. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 11-51. 
MOULD 60. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7*4 mm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 23 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 mm. 
Width full 14, 109 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
The gums of the anterior blocks are quite full, and plainly show depres- 
sions between the roots. There is no especial prominence over the cuspid, 
but the upper margin of the block curves in such way as to carry the gum 
high at this point. The ridge sides of the block are most deeply hollowed 
over the lateral and will fit ridges most prominent in this region. 
The centrals are of good size. The lateral and cuspid are rather large in 
proportion. 
The bicuspids and molars are full medium size, with prominent cusps 
and deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 9-16. 
185 MOULD 61. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7% mm., bite 
3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5 mm. 
Width full 14, 105 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is quite full, and shows plainly the depres- 
sions between the roots. It is most prominent over the lateral. The ridge 
sides of the block are most deeply hollowed over the lateral, to fit ridges 
prominent in this region. The anterior blocks are quite curved. 
The first bicuspid is small, the second somewhat larger. Both molars 
are small. The posteriors all show prominent cusps and deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 4-7. 
MOULD 62. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7I£ mm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 H rnm. Width 3 anteriors, 23 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 
mm. Width full 14, 111 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The anterior blocks show medium full gums, with depressions between the 
roots. There is quite a prominence over the cuspid. The ridge sides of the 
anterior blocks are slightly more hollowed at the cuspid to fit ridges which 
show slight prominence in this region. The anteror blocks are rather flat. 
The bicuspids and molars are of medium size, with slightly rounding cusps 
and deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 9-16. 
MOULD 63. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7^ mm., bite 
2 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 5 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
186 Width bicuspids, 12^ mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5 mm. Width full 14, 106 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
The anterior blocks show full gums, most prominent over the lateral, and 
with slight depressions between the roots. The cuspid is set quite well out- 
ward, but has no prominence over it. The ridge sides of the blocks are 
slightly more hollowed in the cuspid region to fit ridges prominent at that 
point. The anterior blocks are rather flat. 
The bicuspids and molars are medium in size, with prominent 'cusps and 
deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 11-6. 
MOULD 65. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7}£ mm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 24 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
6 mm. Width full 14, 114 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 9 mm. 
The anterior blocks show bulging gums with faint depressions between 
the roots. The prominence over the cuspid is not very well marked on the 
labial side of the gum, but the cuspid is set well outward, and the ridge sides 
of the block are considerably hollowed behind it to fit ridges prominent at 
that point. The blocks are very curved. 
The bicuspids and molars seem small in proportion to the anterior blocks. 
They have prominent cusps, deep sulci, and retreating gums. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 9-16. 
MOULD 69. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7}& mm., bite 
2% mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6^ mm. Width 3 anteriors, 
22 mm. Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, 
molars, 5 mm. Width full 14, 105 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 
3 mm. 
This mould is distinguished by having the cuspids on separate blocks. 
The gums of the anterior block are quite full and show a faintly marked 
depression between the roots. The blocks are almost straight. The bicuspids 
and molars are a trifle less than medium in size, with prominent cusps and 
deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 6-11. 
187 MEDIUM LONG AND WIDE. 
MOULD 36. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 8 mm., bite 3% 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 23 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5 mm. 
Width full 14, 112 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The anterior blocks show full gums, with very faint markings. The 
cuspid is set far enough outward so that the labial surface of the block seems 
quite straight. The ridge surface of the block is considerably hollowed behind 
the cuspid to fit ridges prominent at this point. The anterior blocks are of 
medium curve. 
The bicuspids and molars show prominent cusps and deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 9-1. 
LONG AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
MOULD 15. Dimensions of central: length 9^ mm., width 7|& mm., bite 
3% mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 23 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 15 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
6 mm. Width full 14, 107 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
The anterior blocks show medium full gum, with very faint markings. 
The ridge sides of the anterior blocks are not deeply hollowed, and will 
fit ridges which curve gradually from the central, with no especial promi- 
nences. 
The anterior teeth are of medium size with narrow necks. 
The bicuspids are of medium size with prominent cusps and deep sulci. 
Compared with the rest of the set the molars are noticeably small. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 8-11. 
188 MOULD 19. Dimensions of central: length 10 mm., width 7 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 mm. 
Width full 14, 106 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The anterior blocks have quite full gums, with broad depressions between 
the roots. The gum sides of the blocks are slightly more hollowed back of 
the cuspid, and will fit ridges which show a slight prominence in this region. 
The anterior blocks are quite flat. 
The central has a wide neck, but the lateral and cuspid have narrow necks. 
All three are set on a noticeably mesial slant. 
The first bicuspid is small, the second medium. The molars are small. 
All the bicuspids have prominent cusps, with deep sulci. 
Articulate well with lower gum moulds 10-4-8. * 
MOULD 59. Dimensions of central: length 10 mm., width 7 mm., bite 1^2 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 
mm. Width full 14, 105 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is rather flat, and shows prominences over 
the roots, with broad depressions between. The cuspids are set quite well for- 
ward, and slight prominences over the cuspid roots make the labial sides of the 
blocks quite straight. On the ridge side, the gum is hollowed behind the 
cuspid, and will fit ridges which show slight prominence in this region. 
The anterior blocks are medium curved. 
The anterior teeth have narrow necks, and are set on more of a down- 
ward and outward slope than in many moulds. 
The bicuspids are medium. The molars are rather small. All have prom- 
inent cusps with deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 6-8-10. 
189 MOULD 39. Dimensions of central: length 10 mm., width 7^ mm., bite 4 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7|£ mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 11% mm. Width molars, 16 mm. Vertical space, molars, 5 
mm. Width full 14, 102 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
A lap-lateral mould, with rather full gums, and very faint prominences 
over the roots. The cuspids are set quite well outward and the ridge side of the 
gum is hollowed behind them to fit ridges prominent in the cuspid region. The 
anterior blocks are medium curved. 
The position of the laterals in these blocks is such as to give the plate 
a more natural appearance than where the laterals are in perfect position. 
The bicuspids and molars are medium in size, with sharp cusps and deep 
sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 11-4-1. 
MOULD 44. Dimensions of central: length 10 mm., width 7}& rnm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 6 
mm. Width full 14, 107 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The upper margin of the gum in the anterior blocks is so curved that the 
gum is deepest over the cuspid. The gums are medium full with well marked 
prominences over the roots, and depressions between. These blocks will fit 
ridges which are slightly prominent in the cuspid region. The anterior blocks 
are quite curved. 
The bicuspids are small. The buccal cusp is about medium size, but the 
lingual cusp is extremely short in the linguo-buccal diameter. The molars are 
medium in size. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 11-51. 
190 LONG AND WIDE. 
MOULD 8. Dimensions of central: length 10 mm., width 8 mm., bite 4 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 25 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 *2 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5 mm. Width full 14, 114 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The anterior blocks show medium full gum, with broad prominences and 
depressions. The ridge side of the blocks is about equally hollowed through- 
out for ridges presenting no especial prominences. 
The bicuspids and molars are of medium size, with prominent cusps and 
deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum mould 12. 
MOULD 10. Dimensions of central: length 10 mm., width 8|& mm., bite 
5 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 9 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 25 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Vertical space, molars, 7 
mm. Width full 14, 116 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5^ mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks rounds away evenly and shows no emi- 
nences over the roots and no depressions between them. The ridge side of 
each anterior block is deeply and evenly hollowed to fit a prominent ridge. 
The anterior teeth have well developed individual characteristics as per 
illustration. The bicuspids and molars are of medium size with prominent 
cusps and deep sulci. 
MOULD 14. Dimensions of central: length 10 mm., width 8 mm., bite 
3^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 23 
mm. Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
6 mm. Width full 14, 109 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5^ mm. 
191 The anterior blocks are very deep, and show a medium full gum, which 
does not bulge in the vertical diameter. The prominences over the roots are 
quite broad, and the depressions are plain. The anterior blocks are medium 
curved. 
The bicuspids and molars are slightly larger than medium, with promi- 
nent cusps and deep sulci. 
This mould articulates with lower gum moulds 9-53. 
MOULD 9. Dimensions of central: length 10 mm., width 8^ mm., bite 
3^ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 25 
mm. Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 20 mm. Vertical space, molars, 
5 mm. Width full 14, 118 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 
mm., over the lateral, 7 mm., over the cuspid, 6 mm. 
The upper ,margins of the anterior blocks are so curved that the gum is 
deepest over the lateral. This is to allow the use of these blocks in cases where 
the gum is freely exposed in laughing, but where the presence of the frenum 
prevents the gum being higher in the median line. The gum of the anterior 
blocks is quite full and shows noticeable prominences over the cuspids. The 
gum side of the blocks is most deeply hollowed back of the cuspid to fit 
ridges prominent in this locality. 
The anterior teeth are large, and set on a noticeable slant. 
The bicuspids and molars are a little larger than medium, with prominent 
cusps and deep sulci. The full fourteen is very wide. 
This mould articulates with lower gum mould 120. 
MOULD 7. Dimensions of central: length 12 mm., width 8 mm., bite 4 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 25 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 14 mm. Width molars, 21 mm. Vertical space, molars, 8 
mm. Width full 14, 124 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
A very large mould. The gum of the anterior blocks is quite full, with 
faint markings. There is a prominence over the root of each cuspid and the 
gum behind the cuspid is more hollowed to fit ridges prominent in this region. 
The anterior blocks are less than medium curved. 
192 The bicuspids and molars are large, with prominent cusps and deep sulci, 
and the full fourteen is very wide. 
This mould articulates with lower gum mould 13. 
MOULD 68. Dimensions of central: length 10 mm., width 714 mm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 9 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 23 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18^ mm. Vertical space, molars, 7 
mm. Width full 14, 113 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks shows faint depressions between the roots 
of the teeth. The anterior blocks are rather flat but are well hollowed on the 
ridge sides. 
The anterior teeth are of very pleasing form and show faintly marked 
transverse ridges. 
The bicuspids are medium in size with fairly deep sulci and sharp cusp. 
The molars are also medium in size but have shallow sulci and short but sharp 
cusps. 
New Gum Moulds 
MOULD 76. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7^4 mm., bite 
3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Width full 14, 106 mm. 
Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is relatively smooth, showing broad, shal- 
low eminences and shallow depressions between the teeth. The lingual side 
of the upper blocks is evenly hollowed to fit ridges not prominent in the 
cuspid region. 
A lap-lateral mould. The centrals sit on a noticeable slant to the median 
line, carry their width well up to the cervical third, and present rather wide 
necks. 
193 The laterals have long mesial angles which lap the distal surfaces of the 
centrals. They maintain the straight-sided character of the central, but slope 
to rather narrow necks. 
The cuspids slope noticeably toward the median line and preserve well 
the character shown in the laterals. 
The bicuspids and molars have well defined occlusal surfaces of medium 
size and pleasing character. 
This mould articulates with gum vulcanite lower mould No. 15. 
MOULD 74. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7% mm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. Width 
bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Width full 14, 108 mm. Depth 
of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is very even, showing broad, shallow de- 
pressions between the roots of the teeth. The lingual side of the blocks is 
noticeably hollow at the cuspids, to fit ridges prominent in this section. 
A short wide mould, in which the size and shape of the laterals over- 
come the effect of the rather wide central, and give a pleasing effect to all 
four anteriors. The cuspids are not noticeably large, but have a good deal 
of character in the labial surfaces and appear well in the mouth. 
The bicuspids are slightly larger than medium. The molars are medium 
in size. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum vulcanite mould No. 18. 
MOULD 70. Dimensions of central: length 8% mm., width 7 mm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 16 mm. Width full 14, 100 mm. 
Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is so marked as to produce most pleas- 
ing changes of light and shade. The eminences over the roots of the lateral 
and cuspid are well marked as are the depressions between the teeth. The 
gum is carried out in such way as to make a considerable prominence in the 
cuspid region. 
A straight-sided mould, tapering to a pleasing neck. The character of 
the curves in the approximal surfaces of the laterals softens the straight- 
sided outline in such way as to give a really pleasing effect. The cuspids are 
194 like the laterals in character and are well proportioned to the other anteriors. 
The anterior blocks are rather flat and are well calculated to carry out the 
cuspid eminence where the patient needs fulness at the corners of the mouth. 
The bicuspids and molars are medium in size with well defined occlusal 
surfaces. 
This mould articulates with lower gum vulcanite mould No. 19. 
MOULD 71. Dimensions of central: length 8% mm., width 7 mm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7% mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Width full 14, 102 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks shows sufficient markings to have good 
character. The festoons over the roots of the teeth are fairly prominent but 
round softly away into the gum above. The lingual side of the anterior blocks 
is well hollowed at the cuspids. 
The centrals present an evenly curved outline which will harmonize with 
a good many faces which show no marked character. The approximal curves 
are even and pleasing, and the labial surfaces are smooth and practically free 
from the markings. The bicuspids and molars are medium in size with well 
marked occlusal surfaces. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum vulcanite mould No. 17. 
MOULD 72. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 6^ mm., bite 4 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Width full 14, 102 mm. 
Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is relatively smooth, showing very slight 
eminences over the central and lateral roots, but more pronounced eminences 
over the cuspids. The lingual sides of the anterior blocks are well hollowed 
at the cuspids to fit ridges prominent in this region. 
This is a mould of a type formerly known as "nervous." The anterior 
teeth have the outline of the teeth frequently seen in people of what is called 
the "nervous temperament." The- labial surfaces are marked enough to break 
up the light, but not enough to show the markings unless closely observed. 
The laterals and cuspids carry out very well indeed the character of the cen- 
tral and make the mould suitable for people with rather long, narrow faces, 
with gently curving outlines and medium narrow chins. 
This mould articulates with lower gum vulcanite mould No. 8. 
195 MOULD 73. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7 mm., bite 5 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 23 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Width full 14, 108 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is very smooth showing no eminences 
over the central or lateral roots and only slight eminences over the cuspids, 
and slight depressions between the lateral and the cuspid. The lingual sides 
of the anterior blocks are well hollowed at the cuspids to fit ridges prominent 
in this region. 
The anterior blocks are given their special character by the shape of 
the laterals, which are shorter than the centrals which are set on a decided 
slope toward the median line, and which have distal angles noticeably cut 
away as if by wear from the lower anteriors. The result is that the blocks 
have a very pleasing character. The gum is smooth with just enough undula- 
tion to give pleasing lights and shadows. The cuspid eminences are not par- 
ticularly marked. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum vulcanite mould No. 14. 
MOULD 75. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7 mm., bite 3^ 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 23 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Width of full 14, 110 mm. 
Depth of gum above festoon of central, 3 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is smooth, showing no eminences above 
any of the roots and only very shallow depressions where the gum goes down 
between the teeth. The lingual sides of the gum blocks are evenly hollowed 
in order that they may fit more perfectly ridges showing no special eminence 
at the cuspid region. 
The upper anteriors differ by pleasing curves to medium wide necks. The 
laterals are set to lap the centrals somewhat and are slightly more prominent 
at the distal angle of the centrals. The bicuspids and molars are medium in size 
with well marked occlusal surfaces. 
This mould articulates with lower gum vulcanite mould No. 14. 
196 MOULD 77. Dimensions of central: length 9 mm., width 7 mm., bite 
4% nim. Combined bite and shut, 9 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 22 mm. Width 
bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Width full 14, 106 mm. Depth 
of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is relatively smooth showing very slight 
eminences over the roots and very shallow depressions between the roots. 
The lingual sides of the anterior blocks are well hollowed at the cuspid to 
fit ridges prominent in this region. 
The anteriors of this mould have smooth surfaces. The labial surface of 
the central might be called bulging. The curve of the anterior blocks is flat 
and the cuspid eminence is well carried out. 
The bicuspids are medium in size and the molars a trifle smaller than 
medium, noticeably the second molar. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum vulcanite mould No. 17. 
MOULD 89. Dimensions of central: length 10 mm., width 7 mm., bite 
5 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 9 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 24 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Width full 14, 112 mm. 
Depth of gum above festoon of central, 5 mm. 
The gum of the anterior block is very smooth. There is practically no 
eminence over the roots of the centrals, but the roots of the lateral and cus- 
pid show plainly. The lingual sides of the anterior blocks are especially well 
hollowed at the cuspid to fit ridges prominent in this region. 
The centrals and laterals in this mould carry their widths up through 
their incisal halves and then taper to medium round necks. The labial sur- 
faces are without the markings seen in many artificial teeth and resemble 
teeth which have been worn smooth by lip action. The bicuspids are slightly 
larger than medium. The first molar is of good size, but the second molar is 
noticeably smaller in order not to carry the molar block too far back on the 
model. 
This mould articulates with lower gum vulcanite mould No. 15. 
197 MOULD 28. Dimensions of central: length 10% mm., width 8 mm., bite 
5 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8% mm. Width 3 anteriors, 25 
mm. Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Width full 14, 114 
mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 4 mm. 
The gum of the anterior blocks is strongly marked. The festoons of 
gum over the root of each tooth are prominent and the depressions between 
the roots are marked. The central and cuspid roots are prominent, the lateral 
roots retreating slightly. The anterior blocks are relatively flat and are evenly 
hollowed from the lingual side, to accommodate ridges not prominent in the 
cuspid region. 
This is a large mould, but the outlines soften the appearance of size, so 
that in mouths where it is indicated, it does not appear noticeably large. All 
three anterior teeth set with only slight mesial slopes. 
This mould articulates well with lower gum vulcanite mould No. 28. 
TWENTIETH CENTURY VULCANITE TEETH 
GUM UPPERS-4's FRONT. 
TABLE OF UPPER GUM MOULDS-4's FRONT. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
Mould 
No. 
DIMENSIONS OF CENTRAL 
Depth of 
Gum 
above 
Festoon 
Combined 
Width 
Central 
and 
Lateral 
Cut 
and 
Descrip- 
tion on 
Page 
Length 
Width 
Bite 
Combined 
Bite and 
Shut 
1 
8 
7 
2 
5^ 
3X 
14 
199 
2 
9 
7 
3^ 
8 
4 
14 
199 
3 
9 
8 
3^ 
7^ 
7 
14 
199 
4 
10 
8 
4 
8 
7 
14 
199 
5 
5^ 
7 
2 
6 
5^ 
13 
200 
6 
8 
8 
2 
5^ 
4 
15 
200 
7 
9 
8^ 
3 
7^ 
4^ 
17 
200 
8 
8^ 
7 
1^ 
6% 
4% 
14 
201 
9 
9 
7 
3 
6 
4 
14 
202 
10 
10 
7 
3 
7 
4 
14 
201 
11 
9^ 
7 
3^ 
7^ 
4^ 
15 
202 
12 
10 
7^ 
2>^ 
6^ 
4 
14 
202 
29 
9 
7^2 
3^ 
7^ 
5 
15 
202 
30 
8 
6^ 
2^ 
6^ 
4^ 
13 
202 
31 
8 
6 
3 
7 
4 
13 
202 
32 
8 
8 
2 
6 
3 
15 
203 
33 
8M 
7 
2^ 
7 
4^ 
14 
203 
34 
8 
7 
2^ 
6^ 
3^ 
14 
203 
35 
9 
7^ 
3 
7 
4 
15 
203 
36 
9 
8^ 
2X 
6^ 
4^ 
16 
204 
*Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight 
variations. 
198 MOULD 1. Dimensions of centrals: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 2 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, mm. Depth of gum above festoon 
of central, 3^2 mm. Combined width central and lateral, 14 mm. 
Labial surface of central quite rounding. Gum quite prominent. 
MOULD 2. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 7 mm., bite 3^ 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8 mm. Depth of gum above festoon 
of central, 4 mm. Combined width central and lateral, 14 mm. 
The gum is medium full. Shows a well marked depression between the 
teeth. 
MOULD 3. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 8 mm., bite 3^ 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7^ mm. Depth of gum above festoon 
of central, 7 mm. Combined width of central and lateral, 14 mm. 
A very deep gum over the central. Gum is full and only faintly marked. 
Ridge side of block is well hollowed. 
MOULD 4. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 8 mm., bite 4 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8 mm. Depth of gum above festoon 
of central, 7 mm. Combined width central and lateral, 14 mm. 
199 Medium full gum faintly marked. The ridge side of the gum is quite 
hollow. 
MOULD 5. Dimensions of centrals: length 5|& mm., width 7 mm., bite 
2 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Depth of gum above festoon 
of central, 5% mm. Combined width central and lateral, 13 mm. 
Centrals are much wider than they are long. The gum is full, almost bulg- 
ing, and is but faintly marked. The gum portion of the block is quite thick. 
It is evenly hollowed on the labial surface. 
MOULD 6. Dimensions of centrals: length 8 mm., width 8 mm., bite 2 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, mm. Depth of gum above festoon 
of central, 4 mm. Combined width central and lateral, 15 mm. 
A short wide central, A medium full gum with shallow depressions be- 
tween the roots. Lingual side of block quite hollow. 
MOULD 7. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 8^ mm., bite 
3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7}£ mm. Depth of gum above fes- 
toon of central, 4^ mm. Combined width of central and lateral, 17 mm. 
Large central and lateral, well separated. Well marked depressions be- 
tween the teeth. Gum medium full. Ridge side of the block is well hollowed 
especially over the lateral. 
200 MOULD 8. Dimensions of centrals: length 8|6 mm., width 7 mm., bite 
1|6 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 516 mm. Depth of gum above 
festoon of central, 4^6 mm. Combined width central and lateral, 14 mm. 
A very pleasing mould with medium full gum. 
MOULD 9. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 7 mm., bite 
3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Depth of gum above festoon 
of central, 4 mm. Combined width central and lateral, 14 mm. 
The teeth slope outward more than with most moulds, making the gum 
seem rather retreating. In reality the gum is medium full. 
MOULD 10. Dimensions of centrals: length 10 mm., width 7 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Depth of gum above festoon 
of central, 4 mm. Combined width central and lateral, 14 mm. 
A rather flat, straight gum with a depression between the teeth. 
MOULD 11. Dimensions of centrals: length 9}£ mm., width 7 mm., bite 
316 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 716 mm. Depth of gum above 
festoon of central, 416 mm. Combined width central and lateral, 15 mm. 
A medium full gum, faintly marked. The ridge side of the block is but 
little hollowed. 
201 MOULD 12. Dimensions of centrals length 10 mm., width 7 Ji mm., bite 
2 Ji mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 Ji mm. Depth of gum above 
festoon of central, 4 mm. Combined width central and lateral, 14 mm. 
The gum is retreating. From immediately above the teeth it falls away 
and presents an almost smooth, straight surface. 
MOULD 29. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 7Ji mm., bite 
3 Ji mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 Ji mm. Depth of gum above 
festoon of central, 5 mm. Combined width central and lateral, 15 mm. 
A full, almost bulging gum, practically without markings. The ridge side 
of the block is quite hollow. 
MOULD 30. Dimensions of centrals: length 8 mm., width 6 Ji mm., bite 
2 Ji mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 Ji mm. Depth of gum above 
festoon of central, 4% mm. Combined width central and lateral, 13 mm. 
A medium full gum, smooth and almost without markings. 
MOULD 31. Dimensions of centrals: length 8 mm., width 6 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Depth of gum above festoon 
of central, 4 mm. Combined width central and lateral, 13 mm. 
When the small size of the teeth is considered, the gum is bulging. It is 
smooth and shows no markings. 
202 MOULD 32. Dimensions of centrals: length 8 mm., width 8 mm., bite 2 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Depth of gum above festoon 
of central, 3 mm. Combined width of central and lateral, 15 mm. 
The central is very short and wide. The gum is medium full and very 
smooth. 
MOULD 33. Dimensions of centrals: length 816 mm., width 7 mm., bite 
2^6 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Depth of gum above fes- 
toon of central, 416 mm. Combined width of central and lateral, 14 mm. 
Quite a full gum over the teeth but with well marked depression between. 
MOULD 34. Dimensions of centrals: length 8 mm., width 7 mm., bite 216 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6^ mm. Depth of gum above festoon 
of central, 316 mm. Combined width central and lateral, 14 mm. 
The gum is medium full and shows no markings. 
MOULD 35. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width 7^ mm., bite 
3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Depth of gum above festoon 
of central, 4 mm. Combined width of central and lateral, 15 mm. 
Medium full gum, very smooth. 
203 MOULD 36. Dimensions of centrals: length 9 mm., width mm., bite 
2|£ mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6H mm. Depth of gum above 
festoon of central, mm. Combined width central and lateral, 16 mm. 
A medium full gum with a depression between the teeth. 
CHART OF GUM VULCANITE TEETH, 
WITH TERMS FOR ORDERING. 
[Fours 4s] 
[Sixes 6s] 
Tens [10s J 
[Fourteens 14s] 
Twenty-eights [28s] 
204 TWENTIETH CENTURY VULCANITE TEETH-GUM LOWERS 
TABLE OF LOWER GUM MOULDS, ARRANGED NUMERICALLY 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
Mould 
No. 
DIMENSIONS OF CENTRAL 
Width 
three 
anteriors 
Width 
bicuspids 
Width 
molars 
Width 
full 
fourteen 
Depth of 
gum below 
festoon 
of Central 
Cut and 
descrip- 
tion on 
page 
Length 
Width 
Bite 
Com- 
bined 
bite and 
shut 
1 
7H 
4^ 
3 
6 
18 
17 
95 
3^ 
207 
2 
8 
4 
4 
6^ 
16 
11 
17 
91 
4 
208 
3 
7 
3^ 
3 
6 
16 
11 
17 
90 
4 
206 
4 
8 
4 
3 
6 
17 
12 
17 
94 
3 
208 
6 
8 
4 
3 
6 
17 
11^ 
17 
93 
3J^ 
208 
7 
7 
4 
3^ 
6^ 
17 
12 
17^ 
95 
3 
207 
8 
8 
3^ 
3 
6^ 
16 
12 
17^ 
93 
3^ 
207 
9 
8 
4 
3 
7 
19 
13 
18 
102 
4 
208 
10 
8 
4 
4 
6^ 
17 
11^ 
W 
94 
4^ 
209 
11 
8 
4 
3 
6^ 
17 
12 
17 
94 
3 
209 
12 
8 
5 
3 
7 
20 
13^ 
21 
114 
5 
210 
13 
10 
5 
3 
7 
20 
13^ 
21 
112 
4 
211 
16 
8 
4 
4 
8 
18^ 
13^ 
19 
114 
4 
209 
35 
6 
3 
2 
5^ 
15 
11 
15^ 
85 
4 
206 
51 
8 
4^ 
3^ 
6^ 
17 
12^ 
17^ 
96 
3J^ 
209 
52 
7 
4 
2 
6 
18 
12 
17^ 
97 
3 
207 
53 
11 
4 
4 
8 
19 
13 
19 
104 
2 
211 
64 
7 
3^ 
2^ 
6 
17 
12^ 
19 
99 
4 
206 
68 
8^ 
4 
3^ 
7 
18 
13 
18 
100 
4 
210 
105 
8 
5 
3 
7 
21 
13H 
19 
110 
4 
210 
120 
8 
5 
3J^ 
7 
20 
13^ 
20 
110 
5 
210 
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TABLE OF LOWER GUM MOULDS, ARRANGED BY SIZE 
*Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight 
variations. 
205 Gum Vulcanite Moulds 
In Twentieth Century, Solila and Dentsply Teeth 
LOWER MOULDS 
MOULD 35. Dimensions of central: length 6 mm., width 3 mm., bite 2 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 554 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 15 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 11 mm. Width molars, 1554 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 5 mm. Width full 14, 85 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 
4 mm. 
MOULD 3. Dimensions of central: length 7 mm., width 354 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 16 mm.t 
Width bicuspids, 11 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Required vertical space,, 
molars, 6 mm. Width full 14, 90 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
4 mm. 
MOULD 64. Dimensions of central: length 7 mm., width 354 mm., bite 
254 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 7 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 1254 mm. Width molars, 19 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 17 mm. Width full 14, 99*mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
4 mm. 
206 MOULD 52. Dimensions of central: length 7 mm., width 4 mm., bite 2 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 18 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17% mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 6 mm. Width full 14, 97 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
3 mm. 
MOULD 7. Dimensions of central: length 7 mm., width 4 mm., bite 3% 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6% mm. Width 3 anteriors, 17 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17% mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 6 mm. Width full 14, 95 mm. Depth of gum above festoon of central, 
3 mm. 
MOULD 1. Dimensions of central: length 7% mm., width 4% mm., bite 
3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 18 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 11% mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 6 mm. Width full 14, 95 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
3*4 mm. 
MOULD 8. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 3% mm., bite 
3 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6% mm. Width 3 anteriors, 16 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17*4 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 5 mm. Width full 14, 93 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
3*4 mm. 
207 MOULD 2. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 4 mm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6*4 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 16 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 11 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 6 mm. Width full 14, 91 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
4 mm. 
MOULD 4. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 4 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 17 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 5 mm. Width full 14, 94 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
3 mm. 
MOULD 6. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 4 mm., bite 3 mm. 
Combined bite and shut of central, 6 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 17 mm. Width 
bicuspids, 11*4 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Required vertical space, molars, 
6 mm. Width full 14, 93 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 3%' 
mm. 
MOULD 9. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 4 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 19 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Required vertical space 
molars, 6 mm. Width full 14, 102 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
4 mm. 
208 MOULD 10. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 4 mm., bite 4 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6% mm. Width 3 anteriors, 17 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 11% mm. Width molars, 17% mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 6% mm. Width full 14, 94 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of cen- 
tral, 4% mm. 
MOULD 11. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 4 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6% mm. Width 3 anteriors, 17 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 6 mm. Width full 14, 94 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
3 mm. 
MOULD 16. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 4 mm., bite 4 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 18% mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13% mm. Width molars, 19 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 7 mm. Width full 14, 104 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
4 mm. 
MOULD 51. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 4% mm., bite 
3% mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 6% mm. Width 3 anteriors, 17 
mm. Width bicuspids, 12% mm. Width molars, 17% mm. Required vertical 
space, molars, 6 mm. Width full 14, 96 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of 
central, 3% mm. 
209 MOULD 12. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 5 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 20 mm- 
Width bicuspids, 13% mm. Width molars, 21 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 7 mm. Width full 14, 114 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
5 mm. 
MOULD 120. Dimensions of central: Length 8 mm., width 5 mm., bite 
3% mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 20 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13% mm. Width molars, 20 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 7 mm. Width full 14, 110 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
5 mm. 
MOULD 105. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 5 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 21 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13*4 mm. Width molars, 19 mm. Required vertical space 
molars, 7 mm. Width full 14, 110 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
5 mm. 
Medium full gums with shallow markings. Teeth of pleasing form, dis- 
tinctly separated. 
Bicuspids and molars medium in size with sharp cusps and deep sulci. 
MOULD 68. Dimensions of central: length 8% mm., width 4 mm., bite 
3% mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 18 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 7 mm. Width full 14, 100 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 
2 mm. 
210 MOULD 13. Dimensions of central: length 10 mm., width 5 mm., bite 3 
mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 20 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13*4 mm. Width molars, 21 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 7 mm., Width full 14, 112 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of cen- 
tral, 4 mm. 
MOULD 53. Dimensions of central: length 11 mm., width 4 mm., bite 
4 mm. Combined bite and shut of central, 8 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 19 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 19 mm. Required vertical space, 
molars, 6 mm. Width full 14, 104 mm. Depth of gum below festoon of cen- 
tral, 2 mm. 
MOULD 14. Dimensions of central: Length 8 mm., width 4*4 mm. Com- 
bined bite and shut of central, 7*4 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 17 mm. Width 
bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Width full 14, 97 mm. Depth of 
gum below festoon of central, 3 mm. 
MOULD 15. Dimensions of central: Length 8 mm., width 4% mm. 
Combined bite and shut of central, 7*4 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 18 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 19 mm. Width full 14, 101 mm. 
Depth of gum below festoon of central, 3 mm. 
211 MOULD 17. Dimensions of central: Length 8 mm., width 4*4 rnm. 
Combined bite and shut of central, 7 mm. Width 3 anteriors, 16 mm. Width 
bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 18 mm. Width full 14, 95 mm. Depth of 
gum below festoon of central, 3 mm. 
MOULD 18. Dimensions of central: Length 7% mm., width 5 mm. 
Combined bite and shut of central, 7% mm. Width 3 anteriors, 18 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 12 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Width full 14, 97 mm. 
Depth of gum below festoon of central, 4 mm. 
MOULD 28. Dimensions of central: Length 9 mm., width 5 mm. Com- 
bined bite and shut of central, 8% rnm. Combined width 3 anteriors, 20 mm. 
Width bicuspids, 13 mm. Width molars, 19 mm. Width full 14, 107 mm. 
Depth of gum below festoon of central, 4 mm. 
MOULD 19. Dimensions of central: Length 8 mm., width 4% mm. 
Combined bite and shut of central, 8 mm. Combined width 3 anteriors, 17 
mm. Width bicuspids, 11*4 mm. Width molars, 17 mm. Width full 14, 94 
mm. Depth of gum below festoon of central, 3 mm. 
212 CHAPTER XIII 
Dentsply Pointed Pin Facings 
(patent applied for) 
The greatest improvement which has been made in pin facings 
in a decade, consists in pointing the pins so that they may be thrust 
through gold backings. This improvement is confined to Dentsply 
Pointed Pin Facings. In every other respect save the pointing of 
the pins, these facings are like the regular line of Dentsply Facings. 
They are made of the famous Twentieth Century Porcelain, in 
all shades, and in a carefully selected line of moulds, illustrations 
and dimensions of which will be found immediately following. 
The pins are the largest in diameter offered in facings at the 
present time. They are long enough to permit satisfactory repair 
by means of the Bryant Bridge Repair Outfit. 
The operating advantages of these facings may be summed up 
as follows: 
Speed of Backing Adaptation. Merely lay the pure gold 
backing, (34 gauge is suggested) on a piece of rubber or the end 
of a pine block and press the pins directly through it. This is much 
quicker than locating the pins and punching the holes with a plate 
punch. 
Accuracy of Backing Adaptation. When holes for the pins 
are made with a plate punch, they are likely to be too near together 
or too far apart. Either is dangerous to the safety of the facing, as 
will be shown later. Dentsply Pointed Pin Facings punch their 
own holes. They are properly loqated. 
Avoidance of "Accidents." Most "accidents" to facings 
during soldering doubtless occur by the hot borax or soldering fluid 
running down the pins, through the backing and coming in contact 
with the porcelain. This is sure to crack the facing. It can be pre- 
vented only by making the joint between the backing and the pins 
"borax-tight." This can easily be done by the use of Dentsply 
Pointed Pin Facings. 
(Continued on Page 216) 
213 Ordinary Blunt Pin Facing and 
Backing Through a Reading Glass 
Holes for blunt facing pins are usually made with a plate punch. 
They are generally too large and leave a crevice alongside the pin 
through which fluid borax gains access to the porcelain. Borax 
between backing and facing either discolors or cracks the facing. 
Blunt facing pins are often bent to hold the backing in place. 
This places a strain on the porcelain which may become dangerous 
when the pins are heated. 
The use of Dentsply Pointed Pin Facings obviates the dangers 
from borax and from bending the pins. 
214 Dentsply Pointed Pin Facing and Backing 
Seen Through a Reading Glass 
When a Dentsply Pointed Pin Facing is thrust through a 34 G. 
pure gold backing, a deep flange is turned alongside each pin. 
Condensing this flange about the pin, as shown here, makes so 
tight a joint that even the hot borax, which is very thin, cannot 
get to the porcelain. This exclusion of borax does more to 
protect facings from discoloration and cracking than any other 
one thing. Condensing the flanges locks the backing so firmly 
in position that no bending of the pins is necessary. This 
obviates a dangerous strain on the porcelain. 
215 (Continued from Page 213) 
When Dentsply Pointed Pin Facings are thrust through the 
backing, a flange is turned up alongside each pin. To fasten the 
backing onto the facing, condense this flange about the pin with an 
instrument (an old knife is excellent). This makes a borax-tight 
joint. It will prevent checking of facings by borax. 
Avoidance of Strain on Porcelain. The custom of bend- 
ing the facing pins to hold the backing in place is unwise, since 
it often puts a strain on the porcelain which results in a fracture 
when the facing is heated. The use of Dentsply Pointed Pin Fac- 
ings entirely avoids the bending of the pins, since the backing is 
securely locked in place by condensing the flanges about the pins. 
Preserving Facing Colors. It is sometimes claimed that 
the lighter colored facings change under the heat of soldering. The 
cause of such apparent change often lies in the fact that hot borax 
has run through the holes punched for the pins and formed a 
colored glass on the facing side of the backing. Such an occurrence 
will entirely destroy the esthetic value of a bridge. It may be pre- 
vented by the use of Dentsply Pointed Pin Facings, since the 
condensing of the flange about each pin prevents the running of 
borax through the backing and consequent discoloration. 
216 Handy Facing Assortment No. 228 
in Dentsply Pointed Pin Facings 
[Contains 228 Facings] 
If there are two lines of tooth selection where, more than any 
other, the skill of the dentist should be exercised to produce life- 
like effects, they are in the selection of porcelain crowns and of 
bridge facings. 
For the dentist whose vision never rises above the mere filling 
of a gap between natural teeth, a tooth may be merely a tooth. 
But for the dentist who is awake to his possibilities, teeth differ quite 
as much as people. He sees harmony between a given face and 
certain shapes and shades of teeth, and a lack of harmony between 
the same face and other forms of teeth. As he works on this line, 
217 he becomes more and more particular and achieves finer and finer 
results. Naturally enough, his pride and pleasure in his work 
increase, and his reputation among desirable patients grows apace. 
228 Pointed Pin Facings in Twentieth Century porcelain and in the 
moulds and shades which experience has shown to be most valuable 
25 x 4 upper incisors 20 x 2 upper cuspids 
6x4 molars which may be used for uppers or lowers 
10 x 4 upper bicuspids, which might be used for cuspids in case of need 
4x4 lower incisors 2x2 lower cuspids 2x2 lower bicuspids 
This assortment comprises the best selection of moulds possible in this number of 
facings. 
The proportions of incisors and cuspids and of bicuspids and molars are those shown by 
long experience to be most advantageous in practice. 
The molar facings may be used for uppers or lowers, as required, and the cuspids and 
bicuspids may be used interchangeably. This greatly increases the usefulness of the assort- 
ment. 
The presence of the shade guide makes sure that the shade tooth will be of the same 
porcelain as the facing-a most important point. 
If such intelligent selection teaches the dentist two things more 
strongly than others, they are that he must make his own selections 
of teeth for each case or have them made by some one who is a 
second self, for this purpose at least; and that they must be made 
in the presence of the patient. No selection from a plaster model; 
no carrying in mind of the individual characteristics, will permit the 
best type of selection. 
Artistic selection of facings requires that the dentist have the 
facings in the patient's presence in his own office. He cannot well 
218 take the patient to the depot, though dentists occasionally do this. 
He needs a representative stock at hand from which he may change 
individual teeth at will, till just the moulds and shades most desirable 
for the case are selected. 
This may be done with the very best of results by the use of 
the Dentsply Pointed Pin Facing Mould Guide, but it can be well 
done also from Dentsply Facings Assortment No. 228, illustrated 
here. The advantage offered by the Assortment is that when the 
facings are selected, there is no necessity for ordering. The iden- 
tical facings selected, may be used for the bridge. And the result so 
carefully sought will be attained by the shortest possible method. 
Economies in Time. 
In the central part of the United States a dentist practices who 
has a widespread reputation for his skill in selecting teeth for any 
form of restoration. His method is successful so far as results 
go, but it is unnecessarily expensive in time. Having studied the 
patient and made a series of notes, he goes to the dental depot, 
selects from 14 to 30 sets of vulcanite teeth, and returns with them 
to his office. To make full uppers and lowers he chooses a tooth 
here and there, varying the mould and shade, and repeatedly trying 
them in until he gets just the effect desired. Outside of the mouth, 
the dentures are homely. In the mouth they are just what is needed. 
So great is his skill that other dentists desiring to achieve artistic 
results, send patients to him for tooth selection. He charges $25 
for selecting the teeth for one or two dentures and proportionately 
for selecting facings. 
His method is excellent so far as artistic effects are concerned, 
but wasteful of time, and time is money. Assortment 228 would 
meet most of his requirements in selecting facings for ordinary 
cases. He would avoid the loss of time at the Dental Depot. 
Whatever facings he desired that were not contained in this Assort- 
ment could easily be selected from the Dentsply Pointed Pin 
Pacings Mould Guide. He would achieve like results at less cost 
-and that is the secret of profits in dental practice. 
The Moulds Comprised In The Assortment. 
While the illustration of the box gives a general idea of the 
moulds comprised in the Asssortment, the usual illustrations of 
219 the moulds will enable the dentist to better note the differences 
in form and character. Take two moulds that at a mere glance 
appear about alike, such as Moulds 90 and 37. A second careful 
look shows that the centrals in Mould 90 have nearly straight 
approximal sides, and that these sides taper from near the cutting 
The Range of Upper Incisor Moulds 
edge to the neck. The central in Mould 37 has its greatest width 
nearer the middle third of the tooth and rounder approximal sur- 
faces. The distal incisal angle rounds away differently and gives 
the whole tooth a totally different appearance. 
The moulds selected for this Assortment are rich in such subtle 
differences and character markings, which need only to be carefully 
looked for to be clearly seen, and should only need seeing to be 
appreciated. 
This Assortment is furnished in a neat and substantial mahogany 
case. Its fine appearance reflects credit on the dentist who brings 
it into the patient's sight, for purpose of selection. Intelligent 
patients-the kind who most freely spend money for things they 
appreciate-greatly appreciate the artistic possibilities it offers. 
220 CHAPTER XIV 
FACING SELECTION BY MEANS OF 
The Dentsply 
Pointed Pin Facing Mould Guide 
THE GREATEST CONVENIENCE OF THE KIND 
EVER OFFERED 
426 Pointed Pin Facings in 86 moulds. Baked in composition pins intended only as a means 
of facilitating mould selection-not for soldering. By means of this Guide, facings can be 
selected better and quicker than by other methods. Orders may then be given in mould 
number and shade number. 
Every dentist, when confronted by the task of selecting facings 
for a bridge, wishes for some easy and accurate method of know- 
ing just what facings will make the most creditable piece. This 
Facing Mould Guide makes the selection of facings'easy. 
221 It contains 426 facings divided as follows: 
32 x 6 upper anteriors in different sizes and types 
27 x 4 special moulds of upper and lower bicuspids 
9x6 lower anteriors 
18 x 4 upper and lower molars 
One Twentieth Century Shade Guide 
They comprise the moulds most frequently ordered by dentists 
all over the country, and from among them selection may be made 
to meet any ordinary requirements. Note first the 
Convenience of Selection. 
The dentist may select from the Mould Guide those facings 
which he thinks suitable. He may arrange a little wax on a piece of 
screen wire and mount the facings directly on it and try them in the 
mouth, to get the effect. 
This avoids the necessity of making a model for the selection of 
facings. He may select his facings and order them in less time 
than it would take to pour a model. 
The patient may be interested to help. A selection may be 
determined upon which will be known in advance to be pleasing. 
The patient will appreciate this and will probably speak of it to 
friends. That builds reputation. 
Fine Opportunities for Artistic Selection. 
The fact that the Guide contains facings of similar sizes but 
with different outlines, makes possible artistic selections which are 
ordinarily not possible to the dentist. 
In the first place, teeth should be selected "in the mouth," and 
by the dentist. That is the only place to get the exact effect of 
different moulds, and the dentist is the only one really capable of 
making the selections. 
The teeth on different sides of the same mouth differ in form. 
If they are replaced by teeth which are uniform in character, an 
artificial appearance is given to the mouth. This may be avoided 
by varying the moulds of teeth slightly. Take for instance an up- 
per bridge with the cuspids as abutments and carrying the four 
incisors. Note the possibilities of selection by use of the Dentsply 
Pointed Pin Facing Mould Guide. 
222 The upper right cuspid is the same in both sets. 
The upper right lateral of mould 134 slopes more mesially than that in 130 and changes the 
vertical axis. 
This removes "sameness." 
The difference between the upper right central in mould 130 and that in mould 47 is not greater 
than is frequently seen in natural teeth. 
The upper left centrals are identical in both sets. 
The upper left lateral of mould 111 differs from the left lateral of mould 134 just enough to 
form a pleasing contrast. 
The upper left cuspid of mould 113 differs in appearance from that of mould 130 and harmonizes 
well with the lateral from mould 111. 
The selection of these several moulds relieved the bridge of the appearance of artificiality. 
Upper anteriors of mould 130 are satisfactory as to size and 
generally as to outline. Both dentist and patient desire to secure 
a more natural looking effect than the use of six teeth of one mould 
will produce. The dentist selects from The Mould Guide the up- 
per six of mould 130 and then substitutes other teeth in the six to 
break up the exact similarity. He chooses an upper right lateral of 
mould 134, which is of the same size as the lateral in mould 130 
but of different outline, especially in the mesial surface. An upper 
right central of mould 47 is similar in size but a little narrower at 
the neck. The upper left lateral is from mould m, and differs 
slightly from the character of the left central and the upper right 
lateral. A left cuspid from mould 113 is suitable in the peculiar 
conditions in this corner of the mouth. No two adjoining teeth are 
quite alike in character. The differences are so slight that to the 
untrained eyes of friends they merely appear natural. But the 
sameness is lost and with it the appearance of artificiality. 
Such Selection Practically Impossible 
Under Other Conditions. 
The substitution which was satisfactory to the patient and den- 
tist required but a few minutes. The dentist and patient saw the 
selection of facings in the patient's mouth and knew just how they 
were going to look. 
Without a carefully selected stock at the dentist's hand, this 
artistic bridge would have been impossible. The dentist would not 
223 have known what facings would appear well together. He could not 
have felt that the patient would be satisfied. He would have been 
afraid to complete the bridge, lest the patient should refuse to 
accept it. 
The tooth clerk in the depot might have made a selection for 
the dentist, but he could not have been sure of pleasing the dentist 
and patient. 
If the dentist had gone to a depot and had been handed out 
trays containing hundreds of sets of facings, the very number of 
moulds and shades would have confused him. He does not want 
numberless moulds to select from. He needs a sufficient stock of 
carefully selected moulds. Anything more than that hinders more 
than it helps. 
Convenience in Ordering. 
The dentist did not send a model to the depot. He wrote: 
"Send me Dentsply Pointed Pin Facings as follows: 
Upper right central, mould 47, shade 16 
" " lateral, " 134, " 16 
" " cuspid, " 130, " 20 
" left central, " 130, " 16 
" " lateral, " 111, " 16 
" " cuspid, " 113, " 20" 
His order was filled immediately. He got just what he wanted. 
He did not make the model until his abutments were ready for the 
placing of the dummies. 
Note the Professional Advantages. 
He has the right sizes. 
He broke up the artificiality which would result from having 
one mould throughout. 
He broke it up in such way that the result is pleasing, rather 
than displeasing, 'which it might easily have been under any other 
method. 
He has selected "in the mouth'' which, after all, is the one place 
for satisfactory selection. 
He has made the selection, rather than left it to someone who 
could not see the patient. 
He has secured his patient's co-operation in doing the best work 
he is capable of. She is pleased in advance. She has been told and 
224 shown that such care is unusual, that she may be proud of the result 
when it is in the mouth. She will be a "booster" for him in the best 
sense of the word. 
He saved his patient an impression. 
Note the Money Making Advantages. 
He did not make a model for the selection of facings. He tried 
them directly into the mouth on a piece of wax. He saved the time 
of an impression and model making, probably twenty minutes. 
He did not mail a model to the depot, which might be delayed 
in arrival, or broken. He saved the postage on the model. This is 
small, but no wide-awake business house would neglect it. 
His order was filled at once. There was no waiting for the 
model, no fitting of facings to it, no uncertainty. Every depot car- 
rying Dentsply Facings has the stock so arranged that orders by 
mould number can be filled at once. 
He did not have to change any facings. 
He can often get a better fee for a bridge of such artistic merit 
than he would receive for a bridge like every other dentist is 
making. 
The Facings in the Dentsply Pointed Pin Facing Guide have 
baked-in composition pins and are suitable only for selection. They 
are not suitable for soldering. 
225 CHAPTER XV 
Dentsply Platinum Pin Facings. 
Hints Regarding The Use Of Facings. 
In the pages which follow this preface will be found illustra- 
tions of the moulds of Dentsply Facings and Saddleback Facings, 
with the millimeter measurements for the same. While this is not 
a text book on bridgework, it may be found helpful to consider a 
few practical hints on this subject. These hints naturally divide 
themselves under the following headings. 
Backings and Tips. 
The art of soldering. 
The causes of Checks in Soldering. 
Repairs of Facings Broken in Service. 
Values of Backings and Tips. 
The backing which a dentist places behind the facings has two 
purposes. First, to support the facing in position. Second, to pro- 
tect the friable porcelain against pressure during mastication. The 
second purpose requires that the backings extend over the incisal 
edge of the porcelain so that the lower teeth can exert no force 
directly on the porcelain. The necessity for thus protecting the 
end of the facing developed the practice of grinding away the in- 
cisal edge and replacing it with an incisal edge of gold of thicknesses 
varying to suit the requirements of different cases. For the delicate 
lady who would not exert much force with her teeth the tip of an 
anterior facing may be very small, and may in many cases be al- 
most invisible. For the strong man who exerts great force on the 
closure of his jaws, the tip should be heavy and such as to protect 
the porcelain from whatever force he may exert. In these cases 
the effort to keep the gold invisible will probably cause it to be in- 
sufficient and be very likely to lead to fracture of the facing in act- 
ual use. 
226 Lower facings are very much more liable to be durable if the 
tips of the anteriors be covered with gold to sufficient depth to pro- 
tect them from pressure in biting. This method is less artistic, 
however, and the dentist must choose between art and durability 
as the case may indicate. 
The form of tip advisable on upper anterior facings will be de- 
termined in some measure by the relation in which these facings set 
to the lower anteriors. If the lower anteriors are in normal posi- 
tions the proper position for the upper anteriors would ordinarily 
be such that when the jaws were closed naturally there would be a 
space about the thickness of a postal card between the tips of the 
lower anteriors and the lingual surface of the backings of the 
uppers. Under these conditions the thrusting forward of the lower 
jaw, in biting, would bring pressure directly upon the incisal edges 
of the upper incisors, and on the porcelain unless it was protected. 
If under such conditions the end of the upper facings be not pro- 
tected by tips, a sudden bite on some hard substance would very 
likely break a facing. The dentist must therefore decide between 
the protecting this tip and exhibiting a line of gold along the edge 
of the facing or the alternative of leaving a tip unprotected and 
exposed to almost sure breakage. 
Making Protective Tips. 
Suppose the dentist decides to tip the facings and protect them. 
There are several convenient methods, of which the following are 
probably as handy as any. 
Mark with a lead pencil across the labial surface of the facing, 
indicating just how deep the tip shall be, that is, how much of the 
Gold swaged to impression. 
Mark. 
Swaging Block. 
Facing pressed into 
softened lac. 
Facing ground 
to resist fracture. 
Tip made. 
porcelain shall be replaced with gold. There are several crown 
swaging devices which the dentist may use for shaping the tip. 
Soften the Dental Lac in one of the devices and imbed the end of 
227 the facing in the Dental Lac to or slightly above the lead pencil 
line showing the depth of the desired tip. When the Lac is cool 
the moistened facing will be easily removed. Trim the Lac so the 
impression will show a straight, sharp edge and be nearly as deep 
as the metal tip is to be. Lay a piece of pure gold, 32 gauge over 
the impression, put the rest of the swaging device in place and 
swage the gold to fit the impression. Should the gold tear, place a 
similar piece of gold over the tear and swage that down. Remove, 
fill with 22-karat solder, hold over a flame and flow the solder. 
Trim close. File or grind the lower surface flat. 
With a true running carborundum stone, not too coarse, grind 
the tip of the facing to the pencil line in such manner that the sur- 
face which is left will be at right apgles to the plane of the lingual 
side of the facing. See illustration. This will allow the tip to have 
proper seat, will enable the facing to take the strain on a flat surface 
instead of a knife edge and will be of great value in preventing 
checking. 
Making The Backing. 
For the backing use first a piece of pure gold, 34 gauge. Lay 
this on the end of a piece of soft wood, or on a rubber eraser and 
push the pointed pins of a Dentsply Pointed Pin Facing directly 
through the gold. 
Tipping the Back Without Heating Porcelain. 
This will leave a flange about each pin. This flange serves 
several important purposes which will be explained. By any de- 
sired means such as rolling rubber dam about the facing and swag- 
ing, or by the use of a swaging outfit, adapt the gold backing close- 
ly to the lingual surface and end of the facing. When this is done 
remove the backing from the facing, without bending it. 
Tip trimmed 
Whiting 
or l,ead 
in Place. 
Backing adapted to 
lingual surface 
and end. 
Tip and backing 
soldered without 
heating facing. 
With a soft lead pencil, or some whiting dissolved in water, 
make a well defined line on the lingual surface of the backing, just 
cervically to the flat surface on which the tip is to set. In the same 
manner blacken or paint the under side of the flat surface on which 
Backing. 
228 the tip is to set. This is to prevent the solder of the tip running 
down on the rest of the backing or under the flat surface on which 
the tip is to set. Trim the tip already made, apply a little flux to the 
flat surface on which the tip is designed to rest, put the tip in posi- 
tion, hold over a gentle flame and heat it until the solder in the tip 
starts to flow. The backing and tip have been soldered without 
exposing the facing to heat of the flame. 
Fastening Backing to Facing. 
Thoroughly clean the backing in water or pickle, put in place 
on the facing, swage or press to perfect adaptation and condense 
about each pin the little flange which was formed when the instru- 
ment was thrust through the backing. The value of these flanges 
will now be apparent. They will perfectly hold the backing in 
position about the pins, may be burnished down so that there will 
be not the slightest opening through which solder or flux can reach 
the porcelain to check it and do entirely away with any necessity 
for bending or nicking the pin. They thus avoid several of the most 
common causes of checks in soldering. 
Approximal view facing 
and backing. Any over- 
lapping of gold at A will 
cause check in soldering. 
Facing, backing and tip 
in Asbestos Fibre. Piece 
of solder as large as back- 
ing and tip. 
Backing and tip in posi- 
tion-soldered. 
One apparently small point should receive the most careful at- 
tention before any heat is applied to the facing for soldering. It is 
so small as to receive attention by comparatively few dentists, yet 
is a fruitful source of checks in facings. When the tip is adapted 
to the end of the facing it should be supported on the lingual surface 
by the finger and the labial side filed from incisal to cervical. This 
will adapt the tip to the end of the facing and will make sure that 
the tip does not project labially. Finish with a very fine file and 
the utmost care should be taken that no gold from the tip overlaps 
the labial side of the facing. If even a fine line of gold overlap 
the facing on the labial side it prevents the expansion which is un- 
avoidable when the porcelain is heated and a check is almost sure to 
result. This point cannot be given too careful attention. 
229 One of the most convenient ways of disposing of the facings 
when work has proceeded this far is to lay the facing on an asbestos 
block or soft asbestos fibre with the backing up and with a brush 
flame from the blow pipe, soldering pins and backing together. 
This is best done by cutting off the pins fairly close to the back- 
ing, moistening the solder with flux, cutting the solder in pieces of 
practically the same area as the lingual side of the facing, laying 
the solder flat on the top of the facing, heating up with a brush 
flame, by holding it at first some distance from the facing so that 
the heat from the edge of the flame radiates to the solder, but the 
flame does not come anywhere nearly in contact with it. Move the 
flame about the facing in a circle several times, slowly drawing 
closer and closer until the brush flame may be turned directly on 
the solder covering the upper surface of the facing. In this manner 
and with the soft flame, heat until it is almost time for the solder to 
flow, when the amount of air may be slightly reduced and the solder 
will flow over the surface. 
If 22-karat solder was used for the tip, 20-karat may well be 
used for the backing in this manner. A little practice in this way 
will make it possible to solder facings very quickly, entirely without 
investment for anteriors, and without the danger of breaking the 
facing. The facing is now to the bridge what a vulcanite tooth is 
to the plate, and there need be no danger of distorting the backing 
or moving the tip. The facing may be waxed up in the bridge as 
the tooth would be to a plate, invested, and the spaces between the 
several facings soldered. 
The Art of Soldering. 
The soldering of bridges is regarded by many dentists as very 
difficult, but if a few simple considerations are borne in mind it be- 
comes easy and the danger of checking facings is removed. These 
considerations may be tabulated as follows: 
First, The parts to be soldered shall be in such adaptation that 
there will be no gaps. The solder cannot span a gap. 
Second, The parts to be soldered and the solder used shall be 
chemically clean, save for the presence of the proper amount of flux. 
Third, The case shall be gradually heated from the porcelain 
side nearly to the point where the solder flows before any flame is 
turned on the solder or the parts to be soldered. 
230 Fourth, A small amount of flux shall have been applied to the 
surfaces of the solder and the solder put in the position and heated 
up with the case, as far as may be. 
Fifth, When the case is almost hot enough for the solder to 
flow a soft flame exhibiting a small percentage of air and merely 
pressure enough to apply it to the parts, shall be gradually turned 
on the solder and the parts to be soldered, until the solder flows. 
Sixth, The case shall be allowed to cool gradually. 
If these very simple considerations are borne in mind, the oper- 
ator should not fear checks from the soldering process. 
Any piece to be soldered should be invested in a material which 
will not check or distort under the influence of the flame, and will 
neither move the parts out of position nor expose the porcelain 
directly to the flame. 
Why Facings Check in Soldering. 
When a Dentsply Facing checks in soldering, there is always 
a cause in the method of manipulation. These causes divide them- 
selves into classes and in a general way may be noted as follows. 
First. Poor investment. This affords many opportunities for 
checks. The investment material may be such that when it is 
subjected to the heat required for soldering, it checks or parts in 
such manner as to expose the porcelain to the flame, or moves the 
parts in such manner that the flux used for flowing the solder gets 
upon the porcelain. The material used for investing should be 
such that it will not check or crack and will not expose the porce- 
lain to unequal heat. 
I'he investment may be of such form as to render the facings 
liable to check. If a bridge composed of six anteriors is to be 
Investment thick over cus- 
pids ; thin over centrals. 
Flame and heat turned away 
from flat under surface. 
Flame and heat envelope 
properly shaped investment. 
soldered and the backing is thick over the cuspids but extremely 
thin on the labial surface of the centrals, it is quite possible that 
when the heat is applied the sudden expansion of the thinly cov- 
ered portions of the centrals will cause a check. 
231 An investment should not be bulky at any point but should be as 
nearly even as possible, so that heat will be distributed evenly to 
all parts. 
The shape of the investment should be such that the flame will 
envelope the piece as far as may be. If, for instance, the anterior 
bridge just spoken of be so invested that the surface exposed to 
the heat be perfectly flat, it will, on account of the form, afford 
much less heat to the ends of the bridge than to the center. This 
unequal heat is always a source of danger. If this investment be 
trimmed in such way that it practically follows the outline of the 
bridge, so that there is from a quarter to a half inch investment 
all over the labial surface of the porcelain, the heating up will be 
attended with much less danger of breakage and soldering will be 
rendered very much easier. 
Improper Heating. 
This is a fruitful source of checks in facings. Improper heat- 
ing may take any of the three forms. First, it may be too rapid. 
Second, the heat may vary, now high, now low. Third, it may 
be on the wrong side of the investment. 
First, as to being too rapid. This is a common fault with 
many who fail to realize that when the investment is first placed 
over the flame to dry out, it contains a large percentage of moisture, 
much of which is in the center of the investment. This must be 
driven by slow stages to the surface and evaporated, in order that 
it may not cause undue pressure in the center of the investment. 
If the heat be rapidly applied, that is, if a large flame be turned 
directly on the investment at the beginning of the heating, the 
outer surface of the investment is dried, while the inner portion is 
yet wet and expanded. The outer surface of the investment is 
compelled to check or crack, and this crack frequently goes through 
to the porcelain. The remedy is very simple. It is to place a 
gentle heat below the investment for drying out, and allow a rea- 
sonable time for it to accomplish its end. This time will not be 
long. When the investment is thoroughly dry, the heat may be in- 
creased quite rapidly. 
FIEATING THE INVESTMENT FROM THE WRONG SlDE. 
It should be borne in mind that the investment can be safely 
heated only from the porcelain side. Some dentists make a prac- 
232 tice of placing the investment on a fireproof support with the porce- 
lain side down, turning a blow-pipe flame onto it from above and 
drying out, heating up and soldering in this manner. This is very 
unsafe. It almost insures checking facings. The rates of expan- 
sion of platinum and porcelain are different. The porcelain should 
be allowed to expand first to accommodate the expansion of the 
platinum pins. As has been said above the investment should be 
placed above a flame, porcelain side down, a gentle heat applied 
to dry out and the heat gradually increased. 
Probably one of the most convenient methods of heating up 
bridgework and one most liable to secure a favorable result is to 
place the investment in the iron frame work or spider of a Bunsen 
burner surrounded by small pieces of charcoal. This charcoal 
should come up around the sides as high as may be. A little prac- 
tice will develop a technic which enables the dentist to heat up 
gently and evenly and to carry all parts of the investment to about 
the same heat at the same time. So evenly will the heat be distrib- 
uted by the aid of the charcoal that the soldering of the bridge is 
made extremely simple and the solder may be flowed to a finished 
surface. 
Improper Backing. 
The use of the plate punch for punching holes for pins is 
doubtless responsible for a large portion of the checks which fac- 
ings receive in soldering. The use of Dentsply Pointed Pin Fac- 
ings and the practice of condensing the flanges about the pins does 
away with a large percentage of breaks. The hole made by the 
plate punch rarely fits the pin tight and it affords an opportunity for 
flux to run down under the backing when fluid, and for solder to go 
down between the backing and the facing. Either of these causes 
will probably check the facing. 
When the plate punch is used it becomes necessary that the 
backing be fastened in place by bending the pins or nicking them. 
The practice of bending pins often places a considerable strain on 
the porcelain which may be wholly avoided. Condensing the 
flanges turned up by the pointed pins prevents the flux and solder 
running under the backing and makes it entirely unnecessary to 
bend or nick the pins. 
The last cause which may give rise to a check in the facing is 
improper cooling of the teeth after soldering is complete. The 
233 charcoal referred to above offers the finest possible method of 
cooling. Simply shut off the heat. The charcoal will let the piece 
cool slowly. In this way the various parts will accommodate them- 
selves to each other without damage to any part. 
Repairs of Facings Broken in Service. 
No matter how skillfully a bridge may be made, either accidents 
or carelessness on the part of the person using it may cause it to 
be broken in service. It is desirable then to repair it without re- 
moving it from the mouth, and this may be done quite easily. 
Unless a facing is at hand which meets the requirements, a 
small wax or modeling compound impression may be taken, poured, 
and the model sent to the dealer for the purpose of getting a fac- 
ing of the proper dimensions and outline. 
To get the exact shade, put a little piece of gold behind the 
shade guide tooth to give the same effect the backings give on the 
facings already in the bridge. 
Drill holes through the backing where the pins were, to put the 
pins of the new facings through. 
When the facing has been ground to fit, it may be treated in 
either of the following ways. With one of the outfits on the mar- 
ket for the purpose, thread the pins and countersink the holes on 
the lingual side of the backing, so that the nuts which come with 
this outfit will go in. Put the pins through and screw up the nuts, 
setting all in cement. Before setting the facing, the surface which 
will come in contact with the backing should be covered with cement 
so that there will be no space between the backing and the porcelain. 
This makes a permanent piece of work. 
Dentsply pointed pins are long enough in the straight portions 
to permit this form of repair. 
Another way is to hold a piece of wood against the labial side 
of the facing, after the pins have been thrust through the holes and 
with a hand instrument the pins may be headed. This will retain 
them in position. This facing, like the other, should be set in 
cement. 
A third method which is very well spoken of is to cut the pins 
off a short distance from the facings, roll platinum foil about a wire 
to make little tubes having openings the same as the diameter of the 
pin, setting a tube over each pin stump and soldering in place. 
234 Then smear the lingual surface of the facing with cement, and put 
the two tubes through the holes of the backings, just as the pins 
were in the first two methods. It will be found quite simple to flare 
the openings of the two tubes of the lingual surface in the backing, 
and the little cavity in each platinum tube may be filled with gold. 
How Facings Are Measured. 
The width and length are obtained as for the plain vulcanite 
moulds. 
The combined bite and shut constitutes the flat surface from 
which the pins project. This is quite important in many cases. 
The combined widths of the six anteriors when set on the Bon- 
will Circle are quite different from the combined widths of the six 
anteriors when lying flat on the wax. 
This is made plain by the following table: 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 16% to 
16^4 mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bon- 
will Circle is 37 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 17 to 17% 
mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bonwill 
Circle is 38 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 17^ to 
17^4 mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bon- 
will Circle is 39 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 18 to 18% 
mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bonwill 
Circle is 40 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 18^2 to 
18% mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bon- 
will Circle is 41 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 19 to 19% 
mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bonwill 
Circle is 42 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 19 to 19% 
mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bonwill Cir- 
cle is 43 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 20 to 20^4 
mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bonwill 
Circle is 44 mm. 
235 When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 20^ to 
20% mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bon- 
will Circle is 45 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 21 to 21 % 
mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bonwill 
Circle is 46 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 21^ to 
2 1^4 mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bon- 
will Circle is 47 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 22 to 22% 
mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bonwill 
Circle is 48 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 22% to 
22% mm- the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bon- 
will Circle is 49 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 23 to 23% 
mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bonwill 
Circle is 5 1 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 23^ to 
23^4 mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bon- 
will Circle is 52 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 24 to 24% 
mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bonwill 
Circle is 53 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 24*4 to 
24^4 mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bon- 
will Circle is 54 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 25 to 25^4 
mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bonwill 
Circle is 56 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 25 to 
25^4 mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bon- 
will Circle is 57 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 26 to 26% 
mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bonwill 
Circle is 58 mm. 
When the width of the central, lateral and cuspid is 26% to 
26% mm. the combined width of the six anteriors set on the Bon- 
will Circle is 59 mm. 
236 DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. 
TABLE OF DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. 
ARRANGED NUMERICALLY. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
Ci Ci Cn 4- 4- 
tC H- O CD 00 M 
41. 4^ 4x 4x 4^ 4^. 
Cl On 4- W tO »-1 
^WWttWWW&JWWMNtOtJtOMtOtOMHI-iHHI-il-iHHH 
CXOQOMOOi^tOHOCMOlCiiMWtJHOOWMffiOi^WtOw 
5 CO 00 -4 Cl tn 4^ CO tO i-1 
Mould 
No. 1 
6 
MOI 
£1 
Mil 
01 
Moi 
hhGCOOOC 
\oo\w\t-'\h-* 
iX\X\X\te\ 
HHtCOCOWCOOOHOMH 
X XX 
000000000000^0 
\W\C0 \k-\W \w 
texrf^ i£\ 
SI 
Mu 
Mu 
Moi 
01 
01 
Moi 
Moi 
Moi 
Mu 
Length 
n 
Ci <1 GO 00 GO 00 
te\^\ 
M 00 M 00 Cl M 
^XXXXX 
z 
8 
Mz 
z 
Mz 
Mz 
6 
Z 
z 
z 
Mz 
Ms 
Mz 
8 
z 
8 
Mz 
Mz 
z 
z 
z 
z 
Mz 
M9 
Mz 
Mz 
8 
z 
OO OO^J -I-I <1 <1 00 'I 00 
XXXX X 
Width 
ENTRA 
O M O 00 M M 
t^XteX teX 
00 00 Cn M Cl M 
teX te\ tex 
MOOOOMClMh-MOOMMMOOM 
xxxx 
6M 
7M 
7 
7 
6M 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
6M 
GM 
6M 
7 
8 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7M 
8 
8 
8M 
1 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
sn 
OOOtjHOOtOOHOOOOOtD 
Xto\X 
OOhOOOOWOCCDOOOOOCDOOOOOOCDGCOOOOOcD 
te\ tex te\ te\*x\ ^toxrf^ tex tex tex 
HOQOOOOOOOO 
XXX xxxxx 
Length 
r- 
Cn Cn Ci Ci Ci Ci 
te\ teX 
On Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl 
XX XX 
CiCiCiCiCnCiCiCiCiCnCiCiCiCi 
\w \w x>-* 
iX\ »£\ t£\ 
Ms 
9 
Ms 
Ms 
9 
Ms 
Ms 
Ms 
Ms 
Ms 
Ms 
9 
M9 
9 
CiCiCiCnCiCiCiCnCiCi 
X^-* X*-* \>-'\H-'\W 
tex tex tsO\X\X\ 
Width 
ATERA 
9 
Mz 
01 
Mz 
9 
Z 
8 
Mz 
MS 
z 
Ms 
z 
7 
8 
7M 
7 
7 
7M 
GM 
11 
7 
6 
6M 
7M 
7M 
7 
CiCiCiCiCiXJOCiCiCiCi"<ICiC7< 
te\ te\ t^x te\ tex t^xt^x 
7M 
7 
7 
6M 
6M 
8 
7M 
8 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
oowtooo 
te\ 
10 
8M 
9M 
8M 
11 
11 
oc^odo^ccohkho 
X X X 
cccccccocccccc 
X X X XX 
11 
10 
iom 
10 
10 
10 
iom 
UM 
10M 
11 
Length 
9 
M9 
z 
Mz 
8 
Z 
GM 
6M 
7 
7 
7M 
7 
7 
7 
8 
7 
6M 
6M 
7 
8 
7 
6M 
7 
7 
7 
7M 
GM 
7 
7 
7 
6 
GM 
7 
7M 
6M 
7 
7 
7 
7M 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
Width 
CUSPID 
z 
z 
Moi 
8 
Mz 
Mz 
00 00 Ci GO Ci M 
k\ C 
8 
8M 
8 
8 
7 
7M 
7 
11M 
7 
5M 
7 
8 
7M 
7M 
gm 
8 
; 
7 
7 
6M 
7 
7 
7 
GM 
7 
7 
7 
00 00 00 00 '1 Cl oj oi - I 00 
X XX X 
I Combined 
bite and 
shut 
Cl 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 
CD tO O 00 00 Cl 
444i4 44 
OlCOXC'O 
4-4^4^4^4^4^Ci4^4^4*4^4-4-4^ 
4* Ci Ci 4^ 4^ Ci l- 4- C4 Cl Cl CD Cl Cl 
44 
47 
44 
43 
42 
43 
41 
41 
43 
44 
42 
45 
46 
43 
4*4-*4-4^4-4^4-4^4-4- 
C1 ~ I 4-^ 4- Cl Cl 4^ Ci C< OS 
Combined 
width six 
anteriors on 
Bon will 
Circle 
to to to to to to 
O M 00 00 M On 
CO W f-* O 4^ W 
totototototototototototototototototototo 
MMClU^ClMMMMCnClCnOOClClCnMMMM 
^-OOrOtOlOCCCCC'. hmC4O-WCt!XC 
to to to to to to to to to to to to to to 
c o> c. c. c. ~i c. ci ~-i ci h c. m c. 
CDOMC100O4^Wt0Q0t0^4Cn00 
279 
273 
275 
270 
271 
271 
273 
278 
277 
280 
trated 
on 
page 
9 
* 1 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight variations. 
237 DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. 
TABLE OF DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. (Continued.) 
ARRANGED NUMERICALLY. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
OOOOOO®O®®®®©®tOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO(»Ot>MMMM*IMMM<IMffiO0>ffiO>®CS®&>OitnOiOiOTC! 
tj c® X". - 1: IO O - 'X ' 1 C i t- -OC 'X '1 r. Cr W l< h- OCX' 1 4- W t< - C CX 'ic.il -* a 
Mould No. | 
^-^ti^^e^-oO'X^ooxxxM-ocotco'i-iexooxxticxxxti^iioo^xtiZoc - 
KN^ »P\ kNK\ KN^KNrf-N. kNk\ 4-\kN kN 
Length 
n 
OOOOMOOOOOOMMMMOOMMMMMCJMOOOMMQOOQOOOOOOOOOOOOMCCOOMQOOMMOOMMOOOOOOOMM 
N^N^N-* Nr* N"* Nr* \WN>-» \C0 \W\>-'\>-' \t-u\H- \H-\CO 
K\to\*^NK\K\ KNrf^ 4-\ kN kN rf^KN kN kN kN £N >N\kN£\ kN*X 
Width 
ENTRA 
9 
7^ 
11 
ny2 
9 
li 
9 
7^ 
7 
10 
7^ 
9 
6 
6^ 
7 
14 
10 
11 
6 
7^ 
10^ 
11 
12J^ 
10 
6 
11 
11 
7 
7 
7 
8^ 
9 
5 
6^ 
5^ 
7^ 
7^ 
8 
6 
8 
7 
8 
7 
7^ 
9 
10 
9 
8 
8^ 
9 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
7s 1 
11 
9 
13 
14 
11 
12^ 
11 
9^ 
9 
ny2 
9^ 
ny2 
8 
8^ 
7 
15 
12 
12 
7M 
8 
13 
13 
14 
11 
13 
12 
9 
9J^ 
g 
10 
10^ 
8^ 
9 
8 
9 
9 
10^ 
7% 
8 
9 
w 
sy2 
9 
11 
11 
ny2 
10^ 
n 
ii 
Length 
r 
GiOiCiOJCiCiC3CiOCnMOOiCnCnCiOiCnGi*4C3C3OiMOi05CiOJGi05^GJM*4MOOa)aiOiCnCiOJCiOiMaiMOiCiOi 
kN£\ kN kN kN kN k\^N4\ kN iW ^N N NNNNNN ^kNkNkNkN 
Width 
ATERA 
OQOOOOOO^MOOMMCiM^JMOiOCnQOQOOMO HOCiC bDO O O CXO^CCOOOOO^IOMMOh-iOOO^IOO 
t<Xbo\ kN kN k\k\ kN k\ kN kN kNkNkNl^n kk\k k\kN k\ k\ k-kNk/^ k\ 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
-^-Ij^-OO-'O'O'X^eOXXO^OOOOXWXIiCiOOXXOtCC C'XC'tCOliOi-liX-tCiiKCti 
kNk\ kN kN k\k\ k x kN kN kN k\ k\ k . 
Length 
'I '1 '1 '1 'I 'I 'I'l 'I O X -I 'I O CO. 0'1 '1 X C. O O X '1 X 'U; X 'I i! '1 X XX X '1 'JX'I '1 'IO '1 X '1 O 'I '1 'I 
N NN NN N N N N N N NNNNN NNN N N 
Width 
2USPID 
QOCOOOCOh^COMMOCXIMOM^-^CnCaCncOMM^JMh-OOSOOOH-h-MOh-O^QOCXlCOMOOOOOOtCCtO-MO 
kN k\ kN kN kN kN kN kN kN k\ k\ k\ kN tc\ 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
-^OOCnQOOO^Irfi-Wi-'OtOCnCntsSOfcOCOWCOWi-'WOtOOi-'CSMCOai^ICnWairfi-OOCSOOtOWIsSOOtOCStOQO^IOOWC! 
Combined 
width six 
anteriors on 
Bonwill 
Circle 
t o to to to K> to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to t o to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to t o 
! ' 1 Oi iUvil 'I C. O ' 1 C *. ~. '1 a 4- e c. C. it Ci '1 Cl it- O' X >(- ii X C. X C. O. x ii O', e C. X 'I ii oi '1 Cl X Ci C. X c. ' 1 
O^tOa^WaiOii-^MCnilk^NNNtO^^NOMCNCNWCtOWOibJWwCOOMCHOtOCOMQOCHfflOO 
trated 
on 
page 
Ulus- 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight variations. 
238 DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. 
TABLE OF DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. (Continued.) 
ARRANGED NUMERICALLY. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
131 
132 
133 
134 
135 
136 
137 
138 
139 
140 
141 
142 
143 
co to to to 
117 
118 
119 
121 
122 
123 
124 
125 
126 
106 
107 
108 
109 
110 
111 
112 
113 
114 
115 
116 
Mould 
No. 1 
o 
OXM 
I-1 
ii 
01 
01 
01 
MH 
SI 
01 
Mil 
n 
01 
n 
Msi 
01 
9M 
11 
11 
15 
11 
11 
12 
12 
13 
9 
9M 
9M 
10 
11 
UM 
13 
9M 
10M 
10 
UM 
u 
12 
12 
Length 
n 
00 
-4 -J <t OS 00 00 -4 00 CD 00 00 <1 
\W W \w \W \-\H\-\W-'W 
iLx*\ bjx i^\ b^\bOX>L\L\>L\ 
00 
Z 
8 
Mz 
OOMMOOCDCOOOOOCD 
X 
6 
*1 
6 
6 
6 
Ms 
Ms 
8 
Ms 
8 
Width 
ENTRA 
'I 
*q oo oo oo cd o cd cd oo oo cd - i 
b\ bSX NX 
'1 
8 
8M 
9 
l-l l-l 
-I -I M C C O X X LC 
^X toxic S tOx 
CD CD CD 00 OO 00 -J £ CD 00 00 
box bOXbOx 
bite and 
shut 
? 
3 
5* 
LS. 
MOI 
i-.CDOOtOtOOOOOH-'i- 
x-*\t- X>- \w 
LxiL\ box l£x 
cd 
OO® 
t^xtoxtox 
CD CD 00 to IO tO >- O 
box Zx tX 
10 
11 
11 
13 
9M 
9M 
9M 
11 
11 
11 
12 
Length 
o 
O>QCnOiOiG>CnM*4*4*4O> 
~ 
Ms 
9 
9 
9 
Ms 
Ms 
M9 
MZ 
z 
M9 
M9 
MZ 
6 
6M 
6 
6M 
6M 
7 
7 
7 
6M 
6M 
7 
Width 
ATERA 
'1 
9M 
9 
8M 
8 
9 
9 
10 
9M 
7M 
7 
8 
7M 
-I 
oo oo -t 
t^\bX 
M O O. C O O 0O 00 H 
to\ bD\bO\ 
DOOXMGCQmOXX 
bC\t<)\bO\ k\ kMkN 
bite and 
I shut 
n 
0 
3 
[ 
I-1 
>■"4 
HOHOWWOMtOOtOtO 
Z\ to\ box 
Mu 
Mu 
n 
01 
15 
11 
11 
13 
13 
13 
9 
9M 
9M 
iom 
UM 
UM 
13 
10 
10M 
12 
UM 
UM 
12 
12 
Length 
M9 
7 
8 
7M 
8M 
8 
6 
7 
7M 
6 
6M 
7M 
7 
oo 
z 
Mz 
M9 
7M 
7M 
7M 
8M 
9 
7M 
7 
6M 
6M 
OO^KtOOOOOOMOO^KIM 
tc\ bo\to\ 
Width 
CUSPID 
-I 
OOCDOO^JOi-'CDOcDOOCDCD 
t<\ to\t^\to\ 
CD 
6 
6 
Mz 
12 
9 
8M 
10M 
n 
10 
6M 
7M 
7 
01 
6 
Me 
6 
6 
6 
Mz 
Mu 
01 
6 
8 
bite and 
shut 
Combined 
& 
4^ 4^ 4^ CO 4^ 4^ 4^ Oi Oi 4- Oi 4- 4^ 4- 4- 4-. 4^ 4^ 4- 4- O'i Oi 4- 4- Oi 
OO>- O^'ICtCC.OWOOOOC'. ■4Clr-4-X'ZC'. X*14- 
Cn^4^CnCntn4^Cnrf^4^4i- 
WCDOOWWWOOk-MOOCl 
Combined 
width six 
anteriors on 
Bon will 
Circle 
to 
- 
to io to to to to to to to to to to 
'I Oi C. C.' 'I Z O Oi Oi '1 '1 Ci 
X tC "O - eD C O Q O. >4-4 
to 
o> 
w 
to to to 
Ui On O 
- Oi -1 
to to to to to to to to to 
Oi 4-4-O. Ci C< Ci Ci Z 
QMOOCDD&OtW 
to to to to to to to to to to to 
CnCnCnCnCnCn^-OCn^ICn 
CD 00 O1 -4 CO CO CD C M tO 
page 
trated 
on 
-snin 
Twentieth Century Facings may be ordered from these moulds. 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight variations. 
239 DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. 
TABLE OF DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. 
ARRANGED BY SIZE. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
d 
£ 
CENTRALS. 
LATERALS. 
CUSPIDS. 
Combined 
width six 
anteriors on 
Bonwill 
Circle 
Ulus- 
o 
Length 
Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
Length 
Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
Length 
Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
trated 
on 
page 
SHORT AND NARROW. 
89 
8 
7 
54 
8 
54 
6 
8 
64 
54 
42 
247 
42 
84 
6% 
64 
8 
54 
54 
84 
64 
64 
40 
262 
87 
84 
7 
5 
84 
54 
5 
9 
7 
54 
43 
262 
88 
84 
64 
64 
9 
5 
64 
84 
6 
64 
39 
262 
17 
9 
7 
7 
84 
54 
6 
9 
6 
64 
41 
263 
32 
9 
7 
7 
84 
6 
64 
9 
7 
7 
44 
263 
52 
9 
64 
64 
8 
5 
6 
9 
6 
7 
39 
263 
74 
9 
64 
74 
8 
434 
64 
8 
54 
7 
37 
263 
82 
9 
6% 
7 
9 
54 
64 
9 
6 
7 
40 
247 
90 
9 
7 
74 
9 
5 
74 
10 
6 
74 
40 
247 
91 
9 
7 
74 
9 
54 
74 
9 
634 
7 
42 
264 
95 
9 
7 
7 
9 
5 
7 
9 
64 
7 
40 
264 
18 
94 
7 
7 
94 
54 
64 
10 
64 
7 
41 
264 
125 
94 
7 
74 
9 
54 
74 
94 
64 
74 
41 
247 
SHORT AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
265 
265 
248 
265 
265 
266 
266 
266 
248 
266 
267 
267 
267 
45 
45 
46 
44 
43 
42 
44 
43 
44 
44 
44 
44 
45 
r 
6^ 
6 
7 
6^ 
5^ 
7^ 
6^ 
7 
7^ 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7^ 
7 
7 
6M 
6% 
7 
7 
7 
6^ 
6% 
7 
M M \M\M ' M \M 
G000 00XQQQQOOOOO 
\m \m\m m 
r^\ rH\ \ r-H\ rH\ 
O O O b- O C b- O Is- b- N O 
\c^\^<\eq \cq \-^ \oi\cm 
Sr^GCXGCX'QCQXQ O O', a 
\C^\04 \04 \04 
cDOoior^ooi>i>i>ooi>»o 
rl\co\co\ »-l\r-KcoXc*5\ 
QOQOQOQOQOOOOOOiOOOi 
OOCOOO^OO'-HOTti^Ot^COCM 
t>ascP'^Ql<NCQiO<NCR<M^-i<M 
79 
714 
814 
6 
7 
6^ 
6 
8 
8 
614 
51 
249 
69 
8 
9M 
7 
7 
8 
6^ 
9 
814 
8 
58 
249 
67 
8^ 
814 
6 
8 
614 
6 
9 
714 
7 
48 
267 
94 
9 
814 
8 
8 
7 
7 
47 
814 
714 
52 
268 
43 
9M 
814 
7 
9 
614 
7 
9^ 
7 
8 
48 
249 
110 
914 
814 
7 
914 
614 
614 
10 
7H 
714 
48 
249 
126 
914 
8 
7 
914 
6 
7 
9H 
6*/4 
7 
45 
250 
23 
9^ 
8 
614 
9 
6 
6 
9^ 
7 
7 
46 
250 
SHORT AND WIDE. 
Twentieth Century Facings may be ordered from these moulds. 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight variations. 
240 DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. 
TABLE OF DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. (Continued.) 
ARRANGED BY SIZE. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
6 
£ 
CENTRALS. 
LATERALS. 
CUSPIDS. 
Combined 
width six 
anteriors on 
Bon will 
Circle 
Ulus- 
3 
o 
X 
Length Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
Length 
Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
- 
Length 
Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
- 
trated 
on 
page 
MEDIUM LONG AND NARROW. 
11 
10 
7 
6^2 
9 
6 
54 
10 
7 
6M 
44 
269 
15 
10 
6M 
6^ 
9^ 
54 
64 
10 
7 
7 
42 
269 
20 
10 
7 
7 
9 
6 
64 
104 
74 
7 
44 
269 
24 
10 
7 
7 
94 
54 
64 
10 
7 
7 
43 
270 
31 
10 
7 
8 
9 
6 
74 
10 
6% 
7^ 
43 
270 
37 
10 
7 
7 
94 
6 
64 
10 
7 
7 
44 
250 
83 
10 
7 
7 
94 
54 
7 
10 
6% 
7^ 
43 
250 
136 
10 
7 
9 
10 
5 
9 
10 
6 
9 
40 
270 
139 
10 
6^ 
8 
10 
5 
74 
10 
6 
7^ 
39 
251 
140 
10 
7 
8 
10 
54 
7 
11 
64 
8 
41 
270 
60 
W 
7 
7^ 
94 
54 
74 
11 
64 
8 
42 
271 
4 
10^ 
7 
7 
94 
6 
64 
10 
7 
7 
44 
271 
19 
10^ 
7 
7 
94 
534 
7 
10 
7 
7 
43 
271 
30 
10^ 
7 
7 
10 
54 
7 
104 
634 
7 
43 
251 
40 
11 
7 
7 
10 
6 
7 
10 
7 
7^ 
44 
271 
63 
11 
7 
7^ 
94 
54 
7 
104 
7 
7 
43 
272 
96 
11 
7 
8 
10X2 
6 
84 
11 
7 
8 
41 
272 
129 
11 
7 
9 
104 
54 
8 
11^ 
7 
9 
43 
251 
MEDIUM LONG AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
t-i co co co n <m m< M< no 01 uo 
h- r- i ' uo t't io r~ t'b- b- io b- 
NNNClINNNNNCqCKNCINCl 
45 
45 
43 
43 
45 
44 
41 
46 
45 
44 
42 
45 
45 
45 
45 
\0J 
CDl^t^t^I>I^t^Ot^OOt^OOOOQOt^ 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
6^ 
6 
7^' 
7 
7 
6^ 
7 
7 
7 
7 
\Ol\eq \N \O1 \M 
OOOOOOOOOOO^^^^-h 
rH r-1 t-( H t-H t-1 t-H t-H t-H t-H pH 
\C^\CM \(N \O1 
co CD CD CD CO00 b- 0000b* 
9 
9 
%9 
9 
^9 
M9 
9 
^9 
9 
9 
^9 
^9 
9 
9 
\rf\CM\CM \C^\CM\Cq 
ooooooooooooooo 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
8 
7 
7^ 
7^ 
7^ 
8^ 
8 
8 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10 
10^ 
10^ 
10M 
11 
11 
11 
11^ 
iOO^OiOrHTt<t-lC«I^>-iCSiCOCO<M 
1-i'-I CO't1 X MJ LCCl'cCO 
MEDIUM LONG AND WIDE. 
48 
10 
8^ 
7 
8^ 
6 
6 
10 
8 
7^ 
48 
275 
61 
10 
8 
7 
9 
6^ 
7 
10 
7^ 
8 
48 
252 
106 
10 
8 
8 
10 
6 
8 
10^ 
7 
8 
46 
252 
112 
10 
9 
8 
9^ 
7 
7^ 
12 
8 
9 
53 
253 
130 
10 
8 
7 
9 
6M 
7 
8 
9 
49 
253 
133 
10 
8^ 
10 
7 
8^ 
10 
7^ 
8^ 
49 
275 
3 
W 
8 
7 
9% 
5^ 
7 
10^ 
7 
7^ 
45 
276 
Twentieth Century Facings may be ordered from these moulds. 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight variations. 
241 DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. 
TABLE OF DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. (Continued.) 
ARRANGED BY SIZE. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
d 
Z 
CENTRALS. 
LATERALS. 
CUSPIDS. 
led 
six 
• on 
ill 
e 
nius- 
3 
o 
2 
Length 
Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
Length 
Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
Length 
Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
•S r- l- £ Tj 
•25 2 c.t 
g-oL on 
d 
trated 
on 
page 
MEDIUM LONG AND WIDE. (Continued.) 
t-1 l~l|-II-ip1 1-1 1-I H'1-' 1-' 1-'1-1 1-* 
w x* w w to - o o o c c ex Go w t>: i- - w 
W 
10^2 
W 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11J4 
WA 
QOOOQOtOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOCDOOOO 
to\ K>\i^ . tc\ +-\tc .tc\to\ tc\ to\ 
CDOO*400CDOOQOOOCDXCOOOOCOCDOOQOMMQO^<I 
to\ tO\ b0\ bo\ to\ tc\to\ bo\tc\ 
9^ 
10 
9^ 
9^ 
9^ 
9^ 
10 
10^ 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
10H 
n 
10^ 
u 
10 
10^ 
10^ 
10^ 
6 
6 
7 
6M 
6 
6 
7 
6J4 
6 
6M 
6 
6 
6^ 
6^ 
^A 
6^ 
6 
7 
7/4 
6 
6J4 
7 
SI 6 
^oi Ya 
ll L 
SI 8 
SI 6 
II 548 
II 8 
Il 8 
5411 546 
54ll 5^8 
II YG 
II 548 
SI 01 
54n 6 
II 8 
^01 8 
oi YvL 
01 Z 
oi 549 
5^01 8 
ii zAl 
5^01 L 
00 ■« 05 00 CO 'I •« •« 'I OOO 00 00 
4\i4\t^\4\4. 4\ to\ 
OOOHOOOGCOOOXO^CO^KGCGC'OGC^I 
to\ to\ to\ co\ to\ to\ bO\bO\ to\ 
bOMCiOtOCiQOMOOOOMOOOOMCDWCiOJMWCDOJ 
to to to to tc bo to to to bo to to t<i to t<> t\2 to to to to to K) 
ll - 1 - 1 Li -1 ii Oi Ci O' ' 1 - ' 1 Cl Li ' 1 ' 1 - 1 - 1 ' 1 11 
C50000a500C3l3CnOxQ0<trfPrfp<I4Prfp^IMC5C5<35O0 
LONG AND NARROW. 
62 
12 
7 
10 
UH 
5^ 
9 
12 
7 
10 
42 
256 
LONG AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
8 
UH 
7W 
8 
ioh 
6 
8 
11/ 
7 
8 
44 
279 
26 
UH 
7M 
8H 
10 
6H 
8 
11 
7 
8H 
46 
279 
53 
UH 
7M 
9 
11 
6 
8H 
12 
7 
10 
45 
279 
59 
UH 
7H 
9 
11 
6 
9 
12H 
7H 
10 
46 
256 
142 
H/2 
7M 
7 
UH 
6H 
7H 
UH 
7 
8 
46 
279 
38 
12 
7H 
8 
11 
6 
7H 
11/ 
7 
8 
45 
280 
131 
12H 
7H 
7H 
UH 
6 
9H 
12H 
7 
9H 
45 
257 
Twentieth Century Facings may be ordered from these moulds. 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight variations. 
242 DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. 
TABLE OF DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-UPPERS. (Continued.) 
ARRANGED BY SIZE. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
6 
Z 
CENTRALS. 
LATERALS. 
CUSPIDS. 
anteriors on 
Bon will 
Circle 
nius- 
o 
s 
Length 
Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
Length 
Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
Length 
Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
1 Combii 
width 
trated 
on 
page 
LONG AND WIDE. 
Ot-b-OO,-It-T-HOOT-HOOOOOOCiCTlJi^H 
ooiousooGOOoioooLQcxjLOLOLrsLomLCiQo 
M'M'NNMMM'MC'lC'ltMN NMOINOI 
ftNNNNMOOOMMOM^r-i 
US 00 CO 00 CX> 00 XX 00 00 CD 00 00 CD 
CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM 
XNCCNOOOCDCDXWCDXaJCOOXN 
LQLO'^^bi-QLQ'^lO'rh^t^LQTtl^LQ 
\O1 \^ \^ 
\o-i\c^ \oq\O3 
HHOHNHHHCiOHNWCW 
T"H r-H r-< t-H t-H t-H rH r-H H H i-^ t-4 rH T-< 
L 
6 
^8 
8 
AxL 
L 
M8 
8 
^Z. 
L 
L 
Al 
Al 
Al 
8 
Al . 
Al 
\N \cq \04\rf<\0J 
r-\ i-c\CO\'-\ 
oo oo x go go oo b- o i> oo 
\^\^1 ''M 
HHHNHflNH(N(N(NN(NNCOCOCO 
13 
14 
13 
13 
14 
13 
13^ 
13 
13 
13 
14 
15 
15 
15 
16 
\N\C^\^\^\^\^ 'M'^l \C^ 
t^OXOI^I>OGOOGOOOOOOOO 
i-1 t-H 
\\''^ \N\^j\o4\cq\cq\oi 
i-Jli-tO©f-i©Or-<C&OOOC^v-icO 
\rf \oi\cq \oi\oq \c^\cq \cq 
M\ r-\r-\ rH\rH\ r4\r4\ rH\ 
O O 1> O O O O O b- O O b- b- Is* O 
^-©©©r^Ib-OOOOOIb-OIb-Ib- 
w 
11 
11 
12 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11^ 
12 
W 
n 
12 
12 
12 
12 
'XQXQGCCCO'XQ QO O O © O O O 
10^ 
11 
10 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
10^ 
11^ 
12^ 
12 
14 
\O4\rf\Tj4\OJ \rf ^\ 
XXOXXXXXX^QXXa^.C: XXQXXXQXXXXXQXQQ 
12^ 
13 
13 
13 
13 
13 
13 
13 
13 
13^ 
13^ 
14 
14 
15 
16 
- z x> « io o z c h't >- ci to x - :i r- 
° 2 Zh 7^ 2 2 2 
H^OiOMNCDDCOOiOXNNO 
1-1 T-' VH 
Twentieth Century Facings may be ordered from these moulds. 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight variations. 
243 DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-LOWERS. 
TABLE OF DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-LOWERS. 
ARRANGED NUMERICALLY. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
00 -4 O On W to O «O 00 M O Cn 4- CO tO 
1 
। Mould No. 
oi^woocooiooHbwooooocooo 
\-* \H\H \w x^xj-4 
>H\ boXb^x \ bo\bo\ 
Length 
CENTRALS. 
4^ 4^ Ci Ct 4^ ©T Cn 4^* 4^- Cn Cn 4^ Cn 4^ Cn Qv 4^ Cn 
Width 
^OOMMtOWoSooOOOOOOOCD^JOOOO 
box tOX tex 
bite and 
shut 
i Combined 
QiWWXoS^HbOOOOOOMOOO 
V- \^ \w\h-\- \>- 
bOX rf^x tOXbDX bOX ^XbOX^X box 
Length 
^^OOiCbQiOOi^QiOiOiOiChOiC^OiOi 
\W\M \h-4 \t-» \W\WXk-* XWXh- 
ȣ\b0\ bo\ tf^X tf^x^r^x ,4"\ 
Width 
ATERALS. 
O O O -4 to CO CO to 00 00 00 CD 00 O ^1 00 00 
box to\ box 
bite and 
shut 
n 
0 
r 
10 
10 
10% 
11 
10% 
11 
10 
11 
10 
13 
12 
19 
15% 
9% 
8% 
13 
14 
15% 
Length 
CUSPID 
bo\>^\ boXboXtoXb^x rf\bo\ 
Width 
H-'Oh-'OMtOCOOtOOOCDcDcDCDCDOOOOOO 
tX tX tX 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
z 
CCC04i.COCOC04»-WOOCOCOCOCOC>CWCCCOCO 
COH-OOO^OOtOCSOOClO^CDClCi^CnCO 
width 
six 
anteriors 
set up 
? 
1 1 
tocotorocototototocototocotocotococo 
CDOCDCDOCDCDCDCDOCDCDOCDOCDOO 
CDH-'OO-qOCDCDOOCOO-q-at-'OOH-'-qOO 
Illus- 
trated 
on 
page 
TABLE OF DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-LOWERS. 
ARRANGED BY SIZE. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
No. 
CENTRALS. 
LATERALS. 
CUSPIDS. 
Combined 
width 
six 
anteriors 
set up 
s 
Combined 
Combined 
Combined 
trated 
on 
3 
Length 
Width 
bite and 
shut 
Length 
Width 
bite and 
shut 
Length 
Width 
bite and 
shut 
page 
15 
84 
54 
7 
84 
84 
7 
84 
64 
74 
38 
297 
9 
9 
5 
8 
9 
54 
8 
10 
6 
84 
36 
300 
14 
9 
44 
7 
9 
5 
7 
94 
6 
7 
34 
300 
3 
94 
5 
74 
94 
5 
74 
1034 
64 
8 
37 
297 
1 
10 
5 
8 
10 
5 
8 
10 
64 
84 
36 
300 
2 
10 
44 
8 
10 
5 
8 
10 
6 
8 
35 
300 
5 
10 
434 
84 
104 
54 
84 
104 
6 
9 
36 
298 
7 
10 
44 
8 
934 
5 
8 
10 
54 
9 
34 
297 
8 
10 
5 
8 
10 
54 
8 
11 
6 
9 
36 
297 
4 
104 
5 
9 
11 
5 
9 
11 
64 
9 
36 
301 
6 
104 
5 
9 
104 
534 
9 
11 
7 
9 
39 
301 
11 
11 
44 
10 
11 
5 
94 
12 
64 
10 
36 
298 
10 
12 
44 
12 
124 
44 
12 
13 
54 
12 
33 
299 
16 
13 
54 
10 
13 
6 
10 
13 
64 
11 
40 
298 
17 
14 
4 
104 
134 
44 
10 
14 
6 
10 
31 
301 
18 
15 
4 
11 
15 
434 
11 
154 
6 
11 
33 
299 
13 
154 
54 
12 
154 
54 
12 
1534 
64 
12 
38 
299 
12 
184 
54 
13 
184 
6 
13 
19 
74 
13 
42 
299 
Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight variations. 
244 DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS-BICUSPIDS AND 
MOLARS. 
TABLE OF BICUSPIDS AND MOLARS (8's). 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
t-' Cn 4^. >-> tT A Or -C oo to On On Cn On tO Ci? 4^- 
W®WUOrfiQ0l-'MOMa>^Cn©CnO©MMffiN^0>C3HQ0<000O0<0)^M 
Mould No. 
^h^^OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCDGOQOM 
tJ|M Win* W|l-W|l- W'h-Wlh-Wll-Wll-Wlh-lKIl- W|l- W|M W|h- 
Length 
1st BICUSPID. 
Oj Oj O» "**4 ^4 Oj J ^1 O- Oj CJj ^4 Oj Oj CTj Oj Oj Oi O- Cj Oi Oj 
iMw w|h* ik- •►H iMw wHwfw wH i^ImwIi- w|m 
Width 
Ch tO »-'OOOXOO OXX'O^OXOOXOOOXO^XX^XX^^O. O 
w|t-* w|i- w|h* uh wH , w|h* 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
M^tOtO^MHHMHh-OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQO^H 
w|*-* uh w|h* i^ii- wli-wli-wli-wli-iMwwli-* wlt-wlt- wImwIm 
Length 
2nd BICUSPID. 
MMOJOJMMOiOOOJCJMSMOiOiOOSCJ^OiCJOiOiCiOiCiMOiOJOJOMCnOi 
»h|w w|h* w|i- ^|i-w|i- wH>^|w w|i-'w|i-'W|»-'w|i-'^|h'^|i-' i^|i- w|i- wHwli-wli- 
Width 
OiH*MOC0OOOOCOOQOOOCDMOOOCDOOOOCDQOCiOOOOMOOOO^QOOOMMOiai 
WH w|i- w|m wH wli-wli- WH w|i- w|>- 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
QOWbOWHH^H0HOOOOOOOOOCDOOOOOOOCDOOCDGOQOQOHQ^ 
WH w|>- w|h* wHwH 
oo^oo^ocd^cdooooooooooScdooooooomooooo^ooooqoo 
w|i-w|i-w|f* w|m i^|i- wih-^li-^icj w|h* ih-H *3l*-* •►H 
Length 
Width 
1st MOLAR. 2nd MOLAR. 
5iC 00ZO-IZ ZCMXX"IZ'I0X'IXZ w. ^17. J1.-< 
wji-wih-wli-wli- wHwli- w|m w|i- bo|i- w|m w|m w|i- w|i- w|i- 
N t<- th K - O O C O O X O C O C O X X O '0 0 X X X X O'. Q 
W|i-w|t-W|m w|i- W|i- W|h* W|m WH W|I-W|M W|I- 
yjOOCOOX-XKC'CCMCCKCOO'ZCXZ-IOCZZZ'ZO'X© 
w|h> wH w|i- wH w|>- KkluiMco »Hw wIi-wH 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
Length 
Width 
C^O^OOOOO^I^I^IOMMMOOO^IOOOOO^IOiOOMMM^IOMOOOOiCR 
w|h*w|i- wh-wli-wli- wHwli- wImwH w|i- wImwH 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
COWCOOOCOWWOOIXtOWOOWtOOJCCtOOOOOCASWWtCtOtCWWtCWtOtOCCtOCO 
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Combined width 
2 Bicuspids 
and 2 Molars 
Illustrated 
on page 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight variations. 
245 SPECIAL CUSPID MOULDS 
The following moulds are offered to increase the range of moulds 
available as cuspid and sometimes as bicuspid facings. 
The numbers are similar to the numbers of many moulds offered in 
sets of 6. When ordering the following moulds specify "Special Cuspid 
Mould Number." 
The illustrations of these moulds will be found on page 302 and the pages following. 
TABLE OF CUSPIDS IN PAIRS. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
Mould No. 
Length 
Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
6 
6 
7 
5 
121 
6M 
6 
5 
4 
7 
7 
5^ 
5 
7 
7 
5 
2 
7^ 
8 
7 
3 
7^ 
8 
6 
1 
8 
9 
9 
52 
8 
5^ 
5^ 
74 
8 
5 
7 
79 
8 
8 
7 
88 
8 
6 
7 
89 
8 
63^ 
6 
118 
8 
5 
7 
119 
8 
6^ 
53^ 
120 
8 
8 
6^ 
122 
8 
4 
7 
8 
83^ 
7 
6^ 
95 
8^ 
6 
7 
115 
8^ 
6 
53^ 
123 
sy2 
43^ 
7 
14 
9 
6^ 
8 
84 
9 
6 
8 
87 
9 
7 
7 
Mould No. 
Length 
Width 
Combined 
bite and 
shut 
109 
9 
7^ 
7 
111 
9 
6 
7 
113 
9 
6 
7 
116 
9 
6^ 
7 
7 
9J^ 
6 
7 
43 
9^ 
7 
8 
11 
10 
7 
7 
12 
10 
7 
sy2 
23 
10 
7H 
7^ 
30 
10 
6 
8 
35 
10 
6 y2 
9 
39 
10 
7 
8 
47 
10 
7y 
8 
83 
10 
7 
8 
85 
10 
8 
7y2 
90 
10 
6 
8 
110 
10 
6^ 
8 
86 
11 
7^ 
9 
92 
ny 
7 
8 
101 
9 
9 
22 
12 
3^ 
10 
102 
12 
8 
9 
80 
13 
7 
W 
♦Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to slight 
variations. 
246 Dentsply Facings 
SHORT MOULDS. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 89. Dimensions of central: length, 8 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 514 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 8 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 5% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 42 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 82. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 6^4 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 40 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 90. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7}& mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7^ mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7^ mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 40 mm. 
MOULD 125. Dimensions of central: length, 9% mm., width, 7 mm, com- 
bined bite and shut, mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9% mm., width, 6^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 41 mm. 
247 Pointed Pins 
MOULD 73. Dimensions of central: length, 8 mm., width, 7^4 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 7J4 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 8 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6^2 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 68. Dimensions of central: length, 8% mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8J4 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6J4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 8% mm., width 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
MOULD 124. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 7^4 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8% mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 99. Dimensions of central: length, 9^4 mm., width 7^4 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7J4 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5J4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7J4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9*4 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
248 Pointed Pins 
MOULD 79. Dimensions of central: length, 7}2 mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 7 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 8 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6*6 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 51 mm. 
MOULD 69. Dimensions of central: length, 8 mm., width, 9 94 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 7 mm., width 8 mm., combined bite and shut, 
6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 58 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 43. Dimensions of central: length, 9J4 mm., width, 8}& mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 6y2 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
MOULD 110. Dimensions of central: length, 9}£ mm., width, 8^4 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7*6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
249 Pointed Pins 
MOULD 126. Dimensions of central: length, 9% mm., width, 8 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
MOULD 23. Dimensions of central: length, 9% mm., width, 8 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 6H mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
MEDIUM MOULDS. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 37. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bit and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
MOULD 83. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 43 mm. 
250 Pointed Pins 
MOULD 139. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 39 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 30. Dimensions of central: length, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 43 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 129. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 43 mm. 
MOULD 35. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
251 Pointed Pins 
MOULD 141. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 914 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 714 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 103. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10/ mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 61. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width., 8 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
MOULD 106. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 8 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
252 MOULD 112. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 9 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 53 mm. 
MOULD 130. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 8 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11% mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 49 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 47. Dimensions of central: length, 10% mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 7% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
MOULD 111. Dimensions of central: length, 10% mm., width, 9 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, ioy2 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 53 mm. 
253 Pointed Pins 
MOULD 85. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 9 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10% mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 53 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 86. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8% mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 49 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 101. Dimensions of central: length 11 mm., width, 8% mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 11 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
MOULD 104. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8% mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
254 MOULD 114. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11% mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 9% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 118. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 47 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 119. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
MOULD 128. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8% mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
255 Pointed Pins 
MOULD 134. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 9% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 56 mm. 
MOULD 135. Dimensions of central: length, 11% mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 52 mm. 
LONG MOULDS. 
MOULD 62. Dimensions of central: length, 12 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 10 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11% mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and. 
shut, 10 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 42 mm. 
MOULD 59. Dimensions of central: length, 11% mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12% mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and. 
shut, 10 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
256 MOULD 131. Dimensions of central: length, 12% mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7% mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 108. Dimensions of central: length, 11% mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11% mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 10 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 47 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 113. Dimensions of central: length, 11% mm., width, 9 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11% mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 53 mm. 
MOULD 78. Dimensions of central: length, 11 % mm., width, 8 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 10 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
257 MOULD 57. Dimensions of central: length, 12 mm., width, 8 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12% mm., width 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 71. Dimensions of central: length, 12 mm., width, 9% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 12 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12% mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 10 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 56 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 102. Dimensions of central: length, 12 mm., width 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
MOULD 115. Dimensions of central: length, 12 mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 49 mm. 
258 MOULD 116. Dimensions of central: length, 12 mm., width, 9 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 12 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 53 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 121. Dimensions of central: length, 12 mm., width, 9% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 12 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 13 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 10% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 56 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
MOULD 122. Dimensions of central: length, 12 mm., width, 9% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 12 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 13 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 11 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 58 mm. 
MOULD 81. Dimensions of central: length, 12% mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 10% mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 12 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 13 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 11 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 52 mm. 
259 Pointed Pins 
MOULD 76. Dimensions of central: length, 13 mm., width, 8 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 11 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 13 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 10% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 13% mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 11 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 49 mm. 
MOULD 109. Dimensions of central: length, 13 mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 11 mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 13 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 11 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 13 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 11% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 51 mm. 
MOULD 123. Dimensions of central: length, 13 mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9% mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 12 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 13 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 9% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
MOULD 56. Dimensions of central: length, 14 mm., width, 9 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 11% mm. 
Pointed Pins 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 14 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 15 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 12 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 57 mm. 
260 Pointed Pins 
MOULD 70. Dimensions of central: length, 16 mm., width, 9 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 14 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 15 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 13% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 16 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 14 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 54 mm. 
NEW MOULDS. 
MOULD 144. Dimensions of central: length 11 mm., width 9 mm. Dimen- 
sions of lateral: length 10 mm., width 6% mm. Dimensions of cuspid: length 
11 mm., width 7% mm. 
MOULD 148. Dimensions of central: length 11% mm., width 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length 11 mm., width 5% mm. Dimensions of cuspid: 
length 11% mm., width 7 mm. 
MOULD 166. Dimensions of central: length 14 mm., width 7 mm. Dimen- 
sions of lateral: length 13% mm., width 6 mm. Dimensions of cuspid: length 
14% mm., width 7 mm. 
MOULD 167. Dimensions of central: length 14*4 mm., width 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length 14 mm., width 7 mm. Dimensions of cuspid: 
length 14% mm., width 8 mm. 
261 MOULD 168. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 8 mm. Dimen- 
sions of lateral: length 7% mm., width 6 mm. Dimensions of cuspid: length 
8*4 mm., width 7 mm. 
MOULD 169. Dimensions of central: length 8 mm., width 7^4 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length 7% mm., width 5*4 rnm. Dimensions of cuspid: 
length 8 mm., width 6% rnm. 
262 CHAPTER XVI. 
Dentsply Platinum Pin Facings. 
UPPERS. 
SHORT MOULDS. 
SHORT AND NARROW. 
MOULD 42. Dimensions of central: length, 8*4 mm., width, 6^4 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 6*4 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 5*4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 8*4 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6^4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 40 mm. 
MOULD 87. Dimensions of central: length, 8*4 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8% mm., width, 5^4 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 5*4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 43 mm. 
MOULD 88. Dimensions of central: length, 8% mm., width, 6% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6^2 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 8% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6^4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 39 mm. 
263 MOULD 17. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length 8% mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6*4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 41 mm. 
MOULD 32. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8^4 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6J4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
MOULD 52. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 6*4 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 6^4 rnm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8 mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 39 mm. 
MOULD 74. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 6% mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7*4 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8 mm., width, 4^ mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6*4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 8 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 37 mm. 
264 MOULD 82. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 634 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 40 mm. 
MOULD 91. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7^4 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7J4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 6^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 42 mm. 
MOULD 95. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 40 mm. 
MOULD 18. Dimensions of central: length, 934 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 5^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 41 mm. 
265 SHORT MOULDS. 
SHORT AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
MOULD 73. Dimensions of central, length, 8 mm., width, 7^4 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 7^4 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 8 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
MOULD 93. Dimensions of central: length, 8 mm., width, 7^4 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 7% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 8 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
MOULD 44. Dimensions of central: length, 834 mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 5% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 5% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 8^4 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
MOULD 98. Dimensions of central: length, 8^4 mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8% mm., width, 5^4 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 43 mm. 
266 MOULD 21. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 7% mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 6)4 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8 mm., width, 5^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 6*4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6*4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 42 mm. 
MOULD 36. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 7*4 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8 mm., width, 5^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9*4 mm., width, 6^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 5*4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
MOULD 54. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 7% mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7*4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9*4 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7*4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 43 mm. 
MOULD 99. Dimensions of central: length, 9*4 mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7*4 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5J4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7*4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9*4 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
267 MOULD 127. Dimensions of central: length, 914 mm., width, 734 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9)4 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7)4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 6)4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7)4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
MOULD 13. Dimensions of central: length, 934 mm., width, 7*4 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9*4 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9*4 mm., width, 6)4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
MOULD 22. Dimensions of central: length, 934 mm., width, 734 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
SHORT MOULDS. 
SHORT AND WIDE. 
MOULD 67. Dimensions of central: length, 8*4 mm., width, 8% mm.,, 
combined bite and shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 7)4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
268 MOULD 94. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 8% mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 52 mm. 
MEDIUM MOULDS. 
MEDIUM LONG AND NARROW. 
MOULD 11. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 5% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
MOULD 15. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 42 mm. 
MOULD 20. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10% mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
269 MOULD 24. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm , width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite 
and shut, &y2 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 43 mm. 
MOULD 31. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7^4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 6^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 43 mm. 
MOULD 136. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length 10 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 40 mm. 
MOULD 140. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 41 mm. 
270 MOULD 60. Dimensions of central: length, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, §y2 mm., width, 5*4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% nim. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, &y2 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 42 mm. 
MOULD 4. Dimensions of central: length, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
MOULD 19. Dimensions of central: length, 10*4 mm., width, 7 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9)4 mm., width, 5)4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm? 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 43 mm. 
MOULD 40. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, iy2 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
271 MOULD 63. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 43 mm. 
MOULD 96. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 41 mm. 
MEDIUM MOULDS. 
MEDIUM LONG AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
MOULD 5. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7% rnm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
MOULD 6. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
272 MOULD 14. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9*4 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 43 mm. 
MOULD 16. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5>4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 43 mm. 
MOULD 41. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7*4 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 6*4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
MOULD 84. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 41 mm. 
273 MOULD 2. Dimensions of central: length, 10% mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
MOULD 7. Dimensions of central: length, 10% mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length 9^4 mm., width, 5*4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10*4 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
MOULD 51. Dimensions of central: length, 10% mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined Bite and shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 5^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7^4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 42 mm. 
MOULD 29. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 7% rnm., 
combined bite and shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
274 MOULD 46. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
MOULD 92. Dimensions of central: length, 11% mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 % mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
MEDIUM MOULDS. 
MEDIUM LONG AND WIDE. 
MOULD 48. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
MOULD 133. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10% mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 49 mm. 
275 MOULD 3. Dimensions of central: length, 10% mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% rnm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
MOULD 28. Dimensions of central: length, 10% mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 49 mm. 
MOULD 111. Dimensions of central: length, 10% mm., width, 9 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10% mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 53 mm. 
MOULD 12. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 6% rnm., combined bite and 
shut, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 47 mm. 
276 MOULD 25. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7^4 rnm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
MOULD 39. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9J4 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7J4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7J4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
MOULD 100. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11^ mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 9% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 47 mm. 
MOULD 105. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8J4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 47 mm. 
277 MOULD 107. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8% mm. 
combined bite and shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11% mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
MOULD 132. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 52 mm. 
MOULD 143. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
MOULD 9. Dimensions of central: length, 11% mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 47 mm. 
278 LONG MOULDS. 
LONG AND MEDIUM WIDE. 
MOULD 8. Dimensions of central: length, 11% mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 44 mm. 
MOULD 26. Dimensions of central: length, 11% mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
MOULD 53. Dimensions of central: length, 11% mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
MOULD 142. Dimensions of central: length, 11% mm., width, 7% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
279 MOULD 38. Dimensions of central: length, 12 mm., width, 7% nim., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11*4 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 45 mm. 
LONG MOULDS. 
LONG AND WIDE. 
MOULD 1. Dimensions of central: length, 11% mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
MOULD 138. Dimensions of central: length, 11*4 mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 12 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 47 mm. 
MOULD 45. Dimensions of central: length, 11% mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 49 mm. 
280 MOULD 49. Dimensions of central: length, 11^4 mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
MOULD 10. Dimensions of central: length, 12 mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
MOULD 64. Dimensions of central: length, 12 mm., width, 9 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 52 mm. 
MOULD 137. Dimensions of central: length, 12 mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 12 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 13 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 11 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 47 mm. 
281 MOULD 34. Dimensions of central: length, 13 mm., width, 9 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 11 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 13 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 11 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 14 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 11J4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 51 mm. 
MOULD 50. Dimensions of central: length, 13 mm., width, 8 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 12 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 13 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10*4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
MOULD 55. Dimensions of central: length, 13 mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 11 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 13 mm., width, 6^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10J4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 13 mm., width, 7^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 11 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 48 mm. 
MOULD 58. Dimensions of central: length, 13 mm., width, 8% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 11 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 12^4 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 11 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 14 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 12 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 52 mm. 
282 MOULD 72. Dimensions of central: length, 13 mm., width, 9 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 11 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 12 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid, length, 13 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 11 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 53 mm. 
MOULD 80. Dimensions of central: length, 13% mm., width, 8 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 11 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 13 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 13 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
MOULD 75. Dimensions of central: length, 13% mm., width, 8 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 10% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 13 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 14 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 11 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 46 mm. 
MOULD 77. Dimensions of central: length, 14 mm., width, 8 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 12% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 14 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 12% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 15 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 13 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 47 mm. 
283 MOULD 117. Dimensions of central: length, 15 mm., width, 9% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 12 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 14 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 11J4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 15 mm., width, 7)4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 12 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set on Bonwill Circle, 54 mm. 
284 Dentsply Platinum Pin Facings 
BICUSPIDS AND MOLARS 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 6. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 8J4 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm., width, 7J4 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 7% mm., width, 9% mm., combined bite and shut, 
6J4 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 7 mm., width, 9% mm., combined bite and shut, 
6 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 33^4 mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 58. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 9 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm, 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 9 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 8 mm., width, 10 mm., combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 8 mm., width, 8J4 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 31^4 mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 59. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 9 mm., width, 5^4 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7J4 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
iy2 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 9 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
285 2nd Molar. Length, 8 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and shut, 
6J4 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 28 mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 8. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 9% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 9% mm., width, 7^ mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 8 mm., width, 10 mm., combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 8 mm., width, 9^ mm., combined bite and shut, 
7% mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 34 mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 5. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 7^ mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 9 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 25 mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 51. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 6^2 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 9% mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 29^4 mm. 
286 Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 52. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
6% mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
6% mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 10 mm., combined bite and shut, 
6% mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 9 mm., width, 9% mm., combined bite and shut, 
6 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 32 mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 57. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, &y2 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 8% mm., width, 10 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 8% mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 32 mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 77. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 9 mm., width, 9% mm., combined bite and shut, 
7% mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 8 mm., width, 9% mm., combined bite and shut, 
6% mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 33% mm. 
287 Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 30. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 10% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 10% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 28% mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 49. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 10% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
10 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 10% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 30% mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 4. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 10 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 9 mm., width, 9% mm., combined bite and shut, 
7% mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 33% mm. 
288 Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 46. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8% mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 11% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8% mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 9% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 8% mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 32 mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 47. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 9% mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 33 mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 50. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
10 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 11% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 11 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
10 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 10% mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 29% mm. 
289 Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 53. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 11 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm, 
1st Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 9% mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and shut, 
7% mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 30 mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 11. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 11% mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 11 mm., width, 8 mm. combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 11 mm., width, 11% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8% mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 11 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7% mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 37% mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 48. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 11% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 11% mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7% mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 11 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and shut, 
7% mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 30 mm. 
290 Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 54. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 12 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 11% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 11 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 31% mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 10. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 12% mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and shut, 
10 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 12 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9% mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 11 mm.,. width, 11 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8% mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 11 ,mm., width, 10 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8% mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 35 mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 2. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 13 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
10 mm, 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 12% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
10 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 13 mm., width, 10 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9% mm.. 
2nd Molar. Length, 12 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9% mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 31 mm. 
291 Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 3. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 14 mm., width, 6)4 mm., combined bite and shut, 
11 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 14 mm., width, 6)4 mm., combined bite and shut, 
11 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 12% mm., width, 10% mm., combined bite and shut, 
10% mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 12 mm., width, 10% mm., combined bite and shut, 
11 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 35 mm. 
Pointed Pins. 
MOULD 9. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 14 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
12% mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 14 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and shut, 
11 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 13 mm., width, 9% mm., combined bite and shut, 
10% mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 12 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
10 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 31% mm. 
292 Dentsply Platinum Pin Facings 
BICUSPIDS AND MOLARS 
MOULD 7. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 7^4 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
6 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 7*4 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
6 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 7 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
5J4 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 6 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
5 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 30J4 mm. 
MOULD 44. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm., width, 5*4 mm., combined bite and shut, 
6 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 7J4 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite and shut, 
6 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 6% mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and shut, 
6 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 6J4 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and shut, 
6 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 27 mm. 
MOULD 15. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 8 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 7*4 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and shut, 
6 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 28 mm. 
293 MOULD 19. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 8 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
6% mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 8% mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and shut, 
6 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 29% mm. 
MOULD 1. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8% mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 9% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
8% mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 9 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7% mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 7 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 30 mm. 
MOULD 26. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8% mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 9 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 9 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 29% mm. 
MOULD 56. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
294 2nd Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8% mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 9 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and shut, 
7J4 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 30 mm. 
MOULD 29. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 10% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
9 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8% mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 8 mm., width, 10% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 7% mm., width, 9% mm., combined bite and shut, 
6% mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 32% mm. 
MOULD 45. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 10% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and shut, 
8 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 10% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 10 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7% mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 9 mm., width, 9 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 32 mm. 
MOULD 55. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 10% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7% mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 10% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7% mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 10 mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and shut, 
7% mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 9% mm., width, 8 mm., combined bite and shut, 
6% mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 28 mm. 
295 MOULD 12. Dimensions as follows:- 
1st Bicuspid. Length, 17^4 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and shut, 
15 mm. 
2nd Bicuspid. Length, 17*4 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and shut, 
15 mm. 
1st Molar. Length, 18 mm., width, 8% mm., combined bite and shut, 
15 mm. 
2nd Molar. Length, 17 mm., width, 8*4 mm., combined bite and shut, 
15 mm. 
Combined width 2 bicuspids and 2 molars, 30 mm. 
296 Platinum Pin Facings 
LOWERS 
MOULD 7. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 4^4 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9^4 mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 34 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 8. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 5 mm, com- 
bined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm„ width, 5% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 36 mm. 
MOULD 15. Dimensions of central: length, 8% mm., width, 5% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 8% mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 8*4 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 7J4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 38 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 3. Dimensions of central: length, 9% mm., width, 5 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 7*4 mm. 
297 Dimensions of lateral: length, mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7J4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10% mm., width, 6J4 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 37 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 11. Dimensions of central: length, 11 mm., width, 4% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 12 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 36 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 5. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 4% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 36 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 16. Dimensions of central: length, 13 mm., width, 5% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 13 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 13 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 11 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 40 mm. 
298 MOULD 10. Dimensions of central: length, 12 mm., width, 4% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 12 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 12% mm., width, 4% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 12 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 13 mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 12 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 33 mm. 
MOULD 18. Dimensions of central: length, 15 mm., width, 4 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 11 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 15 mm., width, 4% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 11 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 15% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 11 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 33 mm. 
MOULD 13. Dimensions of central: length, 15% mm., width, 5% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 12 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 15% mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 12 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 15% mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 12 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 38 mm. 
MOULD 12. Dimensions of central: length, 18% mm., width, 5% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 13 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 18*4 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 13 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 19 mm., width, 7% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 13 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 42 mm. 
299 Dentsply Platinum Pin Facings 
LOWERS 
MOULD 9. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 5 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8J4 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 36 mm. 
MOULD 1. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 5 mm., com- 
bined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 8% mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 36 mm. 
MOULD 2. Dimensions of central: length, 10 mm., width, 4^4 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10 mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 10 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 35 mm. 
MOULD 14. Dimensions of central: length, 9 mm., width, 4% mm., 
combined bite and shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 9 mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 9% mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite 
and shut, 7 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 34 mm. 
300 MOULD 4. Dimensions of central: length, 10% mm., width, 5 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 11 mm., width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 36 mm. 
MOULD 6. Dimensions of central: length, 10% mm., width, 5 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 10% mm., width, 5% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 9 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 39 mm. 
MOULD 17. Dimensions of central: length, 14 mm., width, 4 mm., 
combined bite and shut, 10% mm. 
Dimensions of lateral: length, 13% mm., width, 4% mm., combined bite 
and shut, 10 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspid: length, 14 mm., width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
Combined width 6 anteriors set up, 31 mm. 
301 Platinum Pin Facings 
SPECIAL CUSPID MOULDS 
Pointed Pin 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 123. Length, 8*4 mm., 
width, 4*4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
MOULD 2. Length, 7% mm., 
width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
MOULD 121. Length, 6% mm., 
width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 5 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 1. Length, 8 mm., 
width, 9 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 5. Length, 7 mm., 
width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 5 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 85. Length, 10 mm., 
width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7% mm. 
Pointed Pin 
Pointed Pin 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 4. Length, 7 mm., 
width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 5*4 mm. 
MOULD 102. Length, 12 mm. 
width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 6. Length, 6 mm., 
width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 5 mm. 
MOULD 101. Length, 11*4 mm., 
width, 9 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
MOULD 3. Length, 7% mm., 
width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 113. Length, 9 mm., 
width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
302 Pointed Pin 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 8. Length, 8% mm., 
width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 6*4 mm. 
MOULD 120. Length, 8 mm., 
width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, Qy2 mm. 
Pointed Pin 
MOULD 109. Length, 9 mm., 
width, 7*4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS 
SPECIAL CUSPID MOULDS 
MOULD 88. Length, 8 mm., 
width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
MOULD 74. Length, 8 mm., 
width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
MOULD 79. Length, 8 mm., 
width, 8 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
_ , „ 
MOULD 89. Length, 8 mm., 
., , , . . , . , 
width, 6*4 mm., combined bite and 
' 7 
shut, 6 mm. 
MOULD 118. Length, 8 mm„ 
width, 5 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
MOULD 14. Length, 9 mm., 
width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
MOULD 52. Length, 8 mm., 
width, 5% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 5% mm. 
MOULD 84. Length, 9 mm., 
width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
303 MOULD 87. Length, 9 mm., 
width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
MOULD 116. Length, 9 mm., 
width, 6^4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
MOULD 119. Length, 8 mm., 
width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 5*4 mm. 
MOULD 7. Length, 9*4 mm., 
width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
MOULD 122. Length, 8 mm., 
width, 4 mm., combined bite and 
and shut, 7 mm. 
MOULD 43. Length, 9*4 mm., 
width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
MOULD 95. Length, 8*4 mm., 
width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
MOULD 11. Length, 10 mm., 
width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
MOULD 115. Length, 8^4 mm., 
width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 5*4 mm. 
MOULD 90. Length, 10 mm., 
width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
MOULD 12. Length, 10 mm., 
width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8% mm. 
MOULD 20. Length, 10 mm., 
width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
MOULD 111. Length, 9 mm., 
width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7 mm. 
MOULD 23. Length, 10 mm., 
width, 7*4 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 7*4 mm. 
304 MOULD 30. Length, 10 mm., 
width, 6 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
MOULD 110. Length, 10 mm., 
width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
MOULD 35. Length, 10 mm., 
width, 6% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
MOULD 86. Length, 11 mm., 
width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 9 mm. 
MOULD 39. Length, 10 mm., 
width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
MOULD 92. Length, 11% mm., 
width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
MOULD 47. Length, 10 mm., 
width, 7% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
MOULD 22. Length, 12 mm., 
width, 3% mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10 mm. 
MOULD 83. Length, 10 mm., 
width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 8 mm. 
MOULD 80. Length, 13 mm., 
width, 7 mm., combined bite and 
shut, 10% mm. 
305 Saddleback Facings 
WITH POINTED PINS 
The dimensions of these facings are so different from those of all other 
facings and teeth that no measurements of much practical value can be 
given. 
Each illustration is the exact size of the mould it represents and the 
shape of the ridge-lap for all facings of that mould can be determined from 
the outline illustration. 
Measure the gap which the facings are to fill with the millimeter meas- 
ure and then measure the illustrations in the same way. 
Dentsply Saddleback Facings are very valuable for making posterior 
bridges with porcelain cusps. 
Twentieth Century Facings may be ordered from these moulds. 
On special order we furnish these facings made on the Twentieth Cen- 
tury Principle, with vulcanite pins. They are very valuable in plate work 
where extremely shallow bicuspids or molars are required. 
UPPERS 
UPPERS 
306 UPPERS 
UPPERS 
LOWERS 
LOWERS 
307 PREFACE. 
Selecting and Setting Porcelain Crowns. 
Porcelain crown selection is so much more difficult and delicate 
than the selection of teeth for full dentures, as to stand on a plane 
by itself. It is the purpose here to make plain the factors involved 
in successful crown selection and to show how any dentist can be- 
come so expert in selecting porcelain crowns as to win a reputation 
for unusual ability. 
308 CHAPTER XVII. 
Selecting the Mould. 
A porcelain crown should be nearly indistinguishable when set. 
Once in a while we see such a crown, and we immediately pay our 
tribute of respect to the skill of him who set it. Such selection is 
easier than is generally thought. It requires only the application of 
a few rules, each simple in itself, but all working together, to pro- 
duce the perfect result. 
The dentist who skillfully selects porcelain crowns does not 
first look upon the crown as a whole. He puts it through a mental 
separator and sees it from different viewpoints, one quality at a 
time. When he has seen it from these viewpoints, and has decided 
how well it meets the separate requirements, he mentally puts it 
together again and views it as a whole. 
These viewpoints are not hard to get or to apply. A little 
practice will make their application instinctive. 
The first of these viewpoints is that of The Mould. It relates 
to the size and shape of the crown. 
Size. 
This includes length, width and root diameters. 
Three common methods of selecting a crown of the proper size 
are in use. The first and most common is to take an impression 
of the root and adjoining teeth, pour a model and send it to a 
dental depot where a crown is selected, in most cases, by a clerk 
who never saw the case and who has no chance to do it justice. 
This method has some drawbacks which seem not to occur to those 
who practice it. 
If natural teeth were all of a size and all of a color, anyone 
might select an artificial substitute which would answer all pur- 
poses. But with the varying sizes, the endlessly differing propor- 
tions and outlines, and the delicate blending of shades, it is suffi- 
ciently difficult to select a satisfactory artificial substitute under 
even the most favorable conditions. The possibilities of suitable 
selection by one who never saw the case are very remote. 
309 Yet dentists who are careful in every other branch of their 
work, follow this method, partly, no doubt, because they have not 
perceived that by such carelessness all their finest efforts are frus- 
trated. This method of selecting crowns doubtless accounts for 
many of the poor matches in form and color which are so common. 
Assistants selecting teeth and crowns. There are 50,000 teeth in these 
drawers. These assistants, who know nothing of dentistry or of the 
particular case, are selecting. What are the chances of success? 
It may be safely asserted that the one method by which porce- 
lain crowns can be satisfactorily selected, is for the dentist to make 
the selection, in the presence of the patient. For no model, no mat- 
ter how well constructed, can show forth the characteristics in shape 
and color that determine which of several crowns is most suitable. 
Let us note the first requirement of successful crown selection that 
the dentist shall do the selecting in the presence of the patient. 
It is, of course, impracticable that the dentist should leave his 
office to make such selection. We might invert an old saying so 
that it reads if Mohammed will not go to the mountain, the mountain 
must come to Mohammed. And as the dentist cannot properly 
take his patient to the dental depot, there to select, the dental depot 
must come up to the dentist, at least so far as a stock of crowns 
is concerned. It is this necessity which has given rise to the second 
and more logical way of selecting porcelain crowns. 
310 This method usually takes one of two forms for supplying the 
dentist with a stock of crowns. The most popular form is for the 
dentist to order a stock of from 100 to 500 crowns, from which 
he may select the most suitable. Carefully selected stocks for this 
purpose are described in the chapter on "The Economics of Crown 
Thiscase contains 1 x 6 in each of 59 moulds and 1x4 bicuspids, rights and lefts, in 12 
moulds. The mould numbers are burned indelibly in the labial or buccal surfaces. They are 
used to determine the desired mould and to facilitate ordering by mould and shade numbers. 
Four bicuspid moulds have been added since this picture was taken, 
Selection". Or the dentist may order what is called a "sample line 
of crowns", that is, a set of ten anterior crowns in each mould. e 
These comprise centrals, laterals, cuspids and bicuspids, up- 
pers, rights and lefts. To select a porcelain crown, he tries dif- 
311 ferent moulds into the mouth, decides which is most suitable and 
orders from the dental depot a crown of the mould number selec- 
ted, giving the number of the desired shade as obtained by use of 
the shade ring. 
A crown stock kept in either form used in connection with a 
third method of selection, makes the choice of a crown even more 
rapid. 
The object of the third method is to determine rapidly and 
accurately the outside dimensions of the desired crown, that is the 
length, width and root diameters. This may be done by the use of 
a pair of ordinary dividers. Suppose that an upper right central 
root is to be crowned, the left natural central and right lateral be- 
Measuring vertical length natural crown. 
ing in place. This is a case where, because of the prominence of the 
restoration, selection must be as skillful as possible. But that 
does not prevent its being rapid. 
The crown to be placed must harmonize in length with the re- 
maining natural central. With the dividers, measure the left 
natural central from beneath the free margin of the gum to the 
cutting edge. As the root will not ordinarily be ground further 
apically than the attachment of the gum tissue, the measurement 
thus obtained, with a little allowance for grinding in adaptation, 
is the length of the desired crown. With the dividers in hand, the 
stock of crowns at hand may be quickly run over and all right 
centrals of approximately the proper length be placed on one side. 
312 This immediately narrows selection to those crowns of approxi- 
mately the proper lengths. The width of the space to be filled 
may be gotten with the dividers by measuring from the mesial side 
of the upper left central to the mesial side of the upper right lateral. 
By the application of the dividers to the crowns laid out as being 
of the right length, those of the correct width may be selected. 
This still further narrows the selection and always with an eye 
to greater accuracy. By the use of the dividers, the mesio-distal 
Measuring width space to be filled. 
Lingual surface of biscuited crown 
showing location of mould 
number 
and linguo-labial diameters of the root may be obtained and a 
final selection of crowns made on the basis of proper root dimen- 
sions. From any considerable stock of crowns, there will usually 
remain several, any of which may be adapted to meet the mechani- 
313 cal requirements of the case. Choice among these naturally falls 
on the one which most nearly meets the artistic requirements. If 
the desired mould is at hand, but not in the desired shade, the 
mould number may be seen faintly embossed on the lingual surface 
of a Twentieth Century or Dentsply Crown. 
The mould and shade numbers, when sent to the dental depot, 
will bring exact results. The combination of the crown stock and 
dividers usually yields pleasing results with a minimum expenditure 
of time. 
For dentists who are not willing to keep crowns at hand for 
selection in the mouth, the use of the dividers, in connection with 
the Twentieth Century Mould Book, will afford considerable aid 
in selection. 
With the dividers, measure the left central from beneath the 
free margin of the gum to the cutting edge, lay the dividers, open 
at this distance, on a Twentieth Century Millimeter Measure and 
note the length of the desired crown in millimeters. 
With the dividers, measure the width of the space the crown is 
to fill; this is equal to the width of the desired crown. Note it 
in millimeters also. The mesio-distal and linguo-labial diameters 
of the root which the crown is to fit may be obtained in millimeters 
in the same way. In other pages of this book Twentieth Century 
and Dentsply Crowns will be found tabulated according to length 
and width in millimeters. These measurements correspond in 
character with the measurements just taken. The distinguishing 
characteristics of each mould of crowns can be ascertained by 
reference to the illustrations and two or three of the most desirable 
314 moulds may be specified by number to the dealer. When these are 
received for selection it will doubtless be found that one or more 
of them can be easily adapted to meet the requirements. 
Form. 
This includes Outline, Shape of the Lingual Surface and bulge 
of the labial surface. The outline of a crown is formed by the 
neck, the cutting edge, and the approximal surfaces. It varies 
greatly in crowns of the same length and width. Illustrations of 
this variation may be seen in moulds 15, 21 and 28. 
MOULD 15. Dimensions of centrals: Vertical length of labial surface, 
10 mm. Width, 7% mm. Linguo-labial diameter at neck( 8% mm. Mesio- 
distal diameter at neck, 6*4 mm. Length of central, 11 mm. Width of 
central, 7% mm. 
MOULD 21. Dimensions of centrals: Vertical length of labial surface, 
10 mm. Width, 7% mm. Linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7% mm. Mesio- 
distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. Length of central, 11 mm. Width of cen- 
tral, 7 mm. 
MOULD 28. Dimensions of centrals: Vertical length of labial surface, 
10 mm. Length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm. Width, 
8 mm. Linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7J4 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
neck, 7 mm. 
The centrals of these three moulds of crowns are of the same 
length and within about of a millimeter (3/100 of an inch) 
of the same width. The greatest variation between them in neck 
diameters does not exceed 1 millimeter. Yet they differ so in out- 
line that if one of these moulds harmonizes with the outlines of 
315 the remaining natural teeth, the other moulds would be undesirable, 
from an artistic standpoint. 
The outline of a crown should receive careful attention fiom 
the dentist who wishes to select crowns well. 
The Shape of the Lingual Surface. 
From an operative point of view, this is a matter of great 
importance. The lingual surfaces of a crown should not be so 
hollowed as to weaken it, nor so bulky that it strikes when the 
teeth are closed in occlusion or are moved laterally in articulation. 
The avoidance of striking during these relations will be greatly 
influenced by the shape of the lingual surface, as will be seen by 
a study of the illustrations of Moulds Nos. 11 and 26. 
MOULD 11. Dimensions of centrals: Vertical length of labial surface, 
8^4 mm. Width, 8 mm. Linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm. Mesio- 
distal diameter at neck, 7*4 mm. 
MOULD 26. Dimensions of centrals: Vertical length of labial surface, 
8 mm. Width, 7% mm. Linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm. Mesio- 
distal diameter at neck, 6J4 mm. 
These crowns are within less than a millimeter of the same 
length and width. The greatest variation in the neck diameters is 
a millimeter, (1/25 of an inch). In the linguo-labial diameter, 
which might be thought to most affect the shape of the lingual 
surface, they are precisely the same. 
In mould 11 the lingual surface of the crown is so hollowed 
as to afford easy clearance for the edges of the lower incisors 
in a close underbite, while in mould 23 the lingual surface is so 
little hollowed, that in close underbite cases the crown could be 
made suitable only by considerable grinding. In other words, the 
centrals from mould 11 are indicated in cases of close underbite, 
316 while mould 26 requires a case with a little or free underbite. In 
selecting a crown, consideration of this point will often save trouble 
for both dentist and patient. 
It must not be understood that deeply hollowed lingual sur- 
faces are always desirable. In some cases the underbite is such 
that the shape of the lingual surface of the upper crown makes no 
difference. Sometimes the maximum strength possible to a crown 
is necessary; in such cases the less the lingual surface is hollowed, 
the better. By observing closely the requirements of the case, the 
dentist may select the crown which will yield the most satisfactory 
results with least labor by him. 
Bulge of the Labial Surface. 
By "bulge" is meant the rounding out of a surface 
In the selection of a single crown, the operator will be guided 
as to the amount of bulge which the labial surface of the crown 
is to exhibit, by the bulge exhibited by the surfaces of the remain- 
ing natural teeth. This detail should not be overlooked. If the 
natural teeth show but little bulge, and a crown be ordered which 
exhibits a greater bulge, it is difficult to set the labial surface of 
the crown back into line with the labial surfaces of the natural 
teeth. If this surface be allowed to project, it marks the crown 
for immediate notice. 
Bulge in the cervical third of the labial surface of a cuspid 
crown is often of great esthetic value. It aids in restoring char- 
acter to the denture, removes the flat appearance which would 
result from its absence and gives character to the corner of the 
upper lip. 
If the crown is selected by the dentist in the presence of the 
patient, he will be able to note quickly whether the labial surface 
conforms, in general, to the labial surfaces of the teeth. If the 
crown is to be ordered from the depot, trouble from failure at 
this point may occur, since the tooth clerk cannot be expected to 
catch so well the characteristics of the natural teeth. When order- 
ing crowns by mould number, the outline cut of the several moulds 
should be examined in this particular as well as in the shape of 
the lingual surface. 
When occasion arises for a dentist to set several porcelain 
crowns in one mouth, as when the four upper incisors are restored 
317 at one time in this manner, he will not have the clear guidance of 
the natural teeth to determine the amount of bulge permissible 
in the labial surface of the crowns. He may be then governed 
by the general rule that the more bulging labial surfaces are more 
suitable for patients with plump features; and that in proportion 
as the features exhibit flat curves, so the labial surface of the crown 
should be flat. 
The difference in bulge of the labial surface between two crown 
moulds of the same general dimensions, can be best seen by com- 
paring illustrations of moulds Nos. 25 and 32, which are of 
nearly the same size. In mould 25 the bulge of the labial surface 
throws the cutting edge of the crown much further lingually than 
in mould 32. These moulds also furnish additional illustrations 
of differences in formation of the lingual surfaces in crowns of 
the same size, as mentioned before. 
MOULD 25. Dimensions of centrals: Vertical length of labial surface, 
10% mm. Width, 9% mm. Linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm. Mesio- 
distal diameter at neck, 8 mm. 
MOULD 32. Dimensions of centrals: Vertical length of labial surface, 
11 mm. Width, 10% mm. Linguo-labial diameter at neck, 9 mm. Mesio- 
distal diameter at neck, 7% mm. 
Such careful selection of crowns may seem to demand more 
trouble than the fee usually received for a porcelain crown 
justifies. That may be during the first few selections made in this 
way, but with a little practice, such selection becomes very rapid. 
The characteristics of outline, formation of lingual surface and 
bulge may be determined at a glance, all in a fraction of a minute. 
The size may be very quickly determined also if a stock is carried 
as suggested here. 
318 The selection of a crown, in all respects save perhaps the finer 
gradations of shade, should be completed in 5 minutes or less. 
Such selection may be most satisfactorily made from Twentieth 
Century or Dentsply Crowns because they are offered in many 
more moulds than other porcelain crowns, and in more natural 
shades. 
It should be remembered also that the most satisfactory basis 
for asking a suitable fee for crown work is the exhibition of un- 
usual skill in this field. Such skill can be made to bring the fee 
and many favorable comments. 
319 CHAPTER XVIII. 
Color and Shade. 
Selecting the Color and Shade. The Standard Dictionary 
defines color and shade as follows: "Color. Any of the hues 
observed in the rainbow or spectrum, or one of the tints produced 
by blending these hues. Shade. A gradation of color in respect 
to luminosity; as a dark shade of blue". 
No artistic consideration in crown selection is more important 
than that of color and shade. Following the definition given 
above we may regard color as coming first. That determines 
whether the crown shall be yellow, gray, blue, green or brown, 
or some mixture of two or more of these. The next step is to 
determine whether it shall be a light or dark shade of the selected 
color. 
It will be wise to use a shade guide of the same make as the 
crown. This avoids many chances for confusion and error. Thus 
the dentist who intends to set a Twentieth Century or Dentsply 
Crown will get uniformly better results by using a Twentieth Cent- 
ury Shade Guide, than by using one of some other make and at- 
tempting to match the colors. 
It is believed that the shades in the Twentieth Century Shade 
Guide permit better selection than those of any other guide. They 
are the result of nearly 30 years of study and experimentation 
in the shading of artificial teeth and crowns to match the natural 
teeth. This shade guide was introduced only about 10 years ago, 
yet it is believed to be the most extensively used shade guide to- 
day. Dentists who use this guide will probably find selection 
easier and more accurate than with other guides. 
When selecting the color for a porcelain crown, the patient 
should be seated in a good but not brilliant light. Direct light 
should be excluded. 
320 Decide first what is the dominant color in the natural teeth. 
This is sometimes difficult, especially in the centrals and laterals, 
where the colors are lightest and the blendings of the various 
colors in the tooth are softest. The dominant color is often more 
pronounced in the cuspids and the dentist may be materially helped 
by using these teeth as general color guides. 
In very translucent natural teeth, the dentist will often be 
bothered by the light shades, the slight variations and the very 
soft blendings. These conditions are especially marked in people 
of the so-called "nervous temperament". Centrals of this type 
often exhibit a soft yellow neck and a gray or blue tip. These 
changes are probably due to the fact that the dentine is thick and 
the enamel thin at the neck, the dentine thinner and the enamel 
thicker at the middle third, and the dentine nearly or wholly absent 
in the incisal third, leaving only the enamel plates to give color in 
that portion of the tooth. For such cases the only hope of suc- 
cessful selection by the dentist is the use of the shade guide having 
teeth made of the most translucent porcelain and where the value 
of the underlying dentine colors has been fully appreciated and care- 
fully perfected. Such a shade guide, with a clear understanding of 
the characteristics of its various shades, as given below, will materi- 
ally aid in successful selection for even these difficult cases. 
In those cases where it is difficult to determine the dominant 
color of the natural teeth, the following plan may help. Let the 
dentist stand back a little distance and view the patient with his 
eyes nearly closed, looking through his eyelashes. When this has 
been done, the various colors in the face often seem to blend into 
one general tone or color, such as pink or brown or yellow or gray. 
If the dentist can decide what this color is, it will often serve as 
a guide to the dominant color in the teeth and the shades of that 
color will be found to harmonize with the natural teeth. 
Having decided upon the dominant color, it will be well to 
isolate, for trying in, the various shades of that color as exhibited 
in the shade guide. 
The colors in the Twentieth Century Shade Guide are yellows, 
blues, gray and browns, greens and combinations of these. 
321 No. SHADES. 
1. Lightest shade in use. No coloring. Basis of other shades. 
2. Trace of purple. 
3. Trace of blue, and a mere trace of yellow. Lightest blue. 
4. Trace of yellow. Lightest yellow. 
5. Trifle of gray and trace of yellow. Point same as No. 4. Neck darker. 
6. Same as No. 4, with a little gray in the tip. Neck not so bright a yel- 
low as No. 5. Lightest gray. 
7. Light yellow. Darker than No. 5, with color decidedly stronger in 
neck. 
8. Light yellow. Point darker than No. 5 or No. 7. Neck lighter than 
No. 7 and makes tooth look a straw color. More uniform than No. 
7. Yellow is the only color present. 
9. A little yellow, a little gray, a little pink. Light brown yellow neck. 
Tip pink gray, follows No. 11. 
10. Gray. Lighter than No. 9 and slightly darker than No. 6. 
11. Uniform gray throughout. Neck grayish yellow slightly darker than 
10, which it follows. 
12. Grayish blue. Follows No. 3 in the real blues. No. 3 and this are the 
only blues we have and they are not decided in character. 
13. Grayish blue. Follows No. 9. 
14. Yellowish gray. Gray yellow neck. Follows No. 13. 
15. Pinkish gray. Decidedly darker and shows more pink than No. 9. The 
other grays are bluish grays. This follows No. 14. 
16. Yellow. Follows No. 8. 
17. Greenish yellow. Green tip and yellow neck. 
18. Dark yellowish gray. Follows No. 14. 
19. Dark greenish yellow. Follows No. 17. 
20. Brownish yellow. Follows No. 16. 
21. Dark brown yellow. Follows No. 20, which it is like, only darker. 
22. Dark gray. Follows No. 18. 
23. Darkest brown yellow. Follows No. 21. 
24. Dark grayish brown. Follows No. 22. 
25. Dark yellowish brown. Follows No. 23. 
LIGHT SHADES. 
1-2 
BLUE 
3-12 
GRAY 
6-10-11-9-13-14-15 
18-22-24 
YELLOW 
4-5-7-816-17-19-21- 
20-23-25 
If it is decided that the prevailing color in the teeth is yellow, 
the several shade guide teeth exhibiting different shades of this 
color should be isolated for purposes of trying in the mouth. 
Some very skillful dentists prefer to begin with the darkest 
shade, working from darkest to light. They believe that in this 
way they are less likely to select a crown which either is or will 
322 in the course of a few years be too light for the remaining teeth. 
That means that in the yellows they use the shades in the follow- 
ing order: 25-23-20-21-19-17-16-8-7-5-4. 
The manner of trying in the shade guide teeth will affect the 
results. The natural teeth should be kept moist with saliva in the 
usual way, and the lip withdrawn from them only during the time 
that the sample tooth is under actual observation. Between tryings 
in of two shade guide teeth, the lips should be allowed to close. 
If the lip be withdrawn so that the natural teeth are dry for even 
a few moments, their colors will materially change, becoming 
lighter as they dry. A crown selected when the natural teeth are 
dry is not likely to prove satisfactory when exhibited beside moist 
teeth. It is only when the natural teeth and the sample teeth are 
both moist that satisfactory matching of shades can be accom- 
plished. 
All shade teeth, save the one being tried in, should be con- 
cealed from sight, lest they confuse the eye. 
The sample tooth which is in position in the mouth should be 
left there long enough for its color to be appreciated by the 
dentist. By this means, shades which seem at first glance not to 
match will later be found to, while other shades which at first 
appeared to be excellent matches, will be found quite unsatisfactory. 
This is especially true when one comes to the finer stages of 
selection, as between two or more shades, each of which seems 
nearly right. 
The habit of holding the shade guide tooth in place long enough 
to study it a little will be especially helpful to dentists whose 
judgment of colors is not keen. By this means a dentist who feels 
himself weak in this respect may become quite skillful. 
It is often difficult to decide when a sample tooth really matches 
the natural teeth. It may be found helpful at this stage to hold 
the sample tooth in position and slightly narrow the eye, fixing 
the gaze upon the tooth exclusively. It can sometimes be told 
in this manner whether a crown of the same shade as the sample 
tooth would appear harmonious as a member of that set. Another 
useful method is to lay the tip of the sample tooth on the tips of 
323 the natural teeth adjoining, and see if one can tell, from a little 
distance, where one tooth begins and the other ends. 
When a lateral is being selected, it will be well to be guided 
largely by the color in the adjoining cuspid rather than in the 
centrals, since the cuspid probably exhibits more strongly the 
color which the teeth will take on with the passing of years. Care 
should be taken never to select a crown in the least degree lighter 
than the remaining natural teeth, and the result will usually be 
better if the dentist select one a shade darker. 
In shade selection and securing the best general artistic effect, 
no other method will be found equal to having on hand an adequate 
supply of crowns which can be tried directly into the mouth. 
Nothing else will so confirm to the dentist the final fitness of any 
crown, as the ability to see a number of crowns in place before 
selecting one, and to have a chance to choose that which is best 
among many. The selection of a shade number, and of a crown 
in the absence of the patient by means of that number, leaves a 
gap in intelligent selection which can be bridged in no other man- 
ner so well as by having a large number of crowns on hand to try 
directly into the patient's mouth. 
Crown Post Facts. 
Many of the older dentists who have been trained to the idea 
that platinum is the only metal which should be admitted to the 
mouth as part of a tooth, have looked on the use of composition 
crown posts with questioning eyes. But this attitude of mind is pass- 
ing. Investigations have shown that baked-in platinum posts are 
sources of weakness rather than strength. The clinical experience 
of many years has shown also that crowns with platinum posts are 
frequently forced from the roots by the contact of the opposing 
teeth. Here then are manufacturing and clinical failures charged 
up to platinum crown posts in an unforgettable manner. For no 
dentist who, with confidence, saw his patient leave the office with 
a platinum post crown in position only to return in 30 or 60 days 
with the post bent, the crown out of alignment and the root open 
to the agents of infection, necessitating re-treatment, is likely to 
forget the trouble it caused him or the difficulty he had in making 
to the patient excuses which satisfied his own conscience. 
324 Any thoughtful dentist who wishes to investigate for himself, 
in a way he may not have thought of, the strength with which dif- 
ferent crown posts resist the force of the opposing teeth, has only 
to take a platinum post crown in one hand and with the fingers of 
the other hand, unaided by tools of any sort, bend the post almost 
at will. If he then makes an effort to bend a Twentieth Century 
or Dentsply crown post in the same manner, he will get a clear 
understanding of the different resisting powers of the two kinds 
of post, the Twentieth Century and the platinum. When he men- 
tally transfers these quite different powers to the mouth, he will 
appreciate the relative values of these different posts under the 
thousands of impacts to which a crown is subjected. 
A crown post must, however, be capable of much more than 
resisting the force of mastication and the action of the oral fluids. 
It must be possible to bend it as much as may be necessary for the 
adaptation of the crown in the most difficult cases. And it must sus- 
tain such bending, without breaking or even 
weakening. It is not difficult to make a 
crown post metal which will resist any 
stress which it is likely to receive. It is 
not especially difficult to make one which is 
resistant to the action of the oral fluids. 
But to make one that is resistant to stress 
and the oral fluids and yet is capable of 
such adaptation as must occur, is an art 
indeed. 
For that crown post has little value 
which cannot be adapted. Not all roots 
occupy their proper positions in the arch; 
not all natural tooth crowns take their 
proper alignment. Yet when the dentist 
restores the crown to an improperly placed 
root, or puts a porcelain crown in place of a natural tooth crown which 
was malposed, he desires to make the alignment as perfect as possible; 
and this often calls for considerable bending of the crown post. Such 
bending of a platinum crown post is easy, but, alas, it is undone 
almost as easily, and sometimes nearly as quickly, as it was accom- 
plished. 
325 Any required adaptation of a Twentieth Century or Dentsply 
crown post may be made with the assurance that the bending will 
not weaken the post, and that when 
the proper bend is given it, the forces 
of mastication will have no effect upon 
it. The post will stay as it is put. 
A most interesting illustration of the 
superior merit of Twentieth Century 
and Dentsply crown posts may be 
obtained by taking one of these and 
one of each of the other leading makes 
of composition crown posts and submit- 
ting them to extensive bending, as for 
an extreme case of adaptation. The 
Twentieth Century and Dentsply posts 
will be found capable of much more 
extended adaptation before showing 
signs of fracture, than other composition 
crown posts. This is merely one sign 
of superior merit. 
Many dentists who are quite satis- 
fied as to the superior resisting power 
of Twentieth Century and Dentsply 
crown posts, may have doubts as to 
the durability of these crown posts in 
the mouth. There has been so much 
talk of corrosion lately by those whose 
interests led them to make a strong point of it, that the careful 
dentist wishes to be intelligently assured before he ventures. 
There are two answers as to the durability of the composition 
crown posts in the mouth. The first is that Twentieth Century and 
Dentsply crowns have been in very extensive use for some years. 
Hundreds of thousands of them have been set long enough for the 
failures to appear, yet practically none are reported. There is an 
almost utter lack of complaints from these crowns on any score, 
a most surprising thing when it is remembered that so many of 
them are in use and that they have been set in all kinds of mouths 
by dentists of every conceivable degree of skill. To the best of our 
326 knowledge and belief, Twentieth Century and Dentsply crown 
posts are more stable in the mouth than any other form of crown 
post. 
It should be remembered that the post of a well set crown is 
not reached by the oral fluids. For some years past the more 
careful crown workers have been getting practically fluid tight 
joints between crown and root, either by the use of cement or of 
some material capable of practically perfect adaptation, such as 
gutta percha. Even in those cases where the fluids get to the post, 
as they must have in many thousands of the Twentieth Century 
and Dentsply now in use, no evil effects are reported. It is believed 
that the fluids do not affect these posts. 
In cases where bicuspid roots are crowned with porcelain, the 
matter of adaptation of the crown post becomes of first importance. 
Especially in the first bicuspids, the root canal openings are often 
not in the same position as the post which issues from the crown. 
Often enough first bicuspid roots have two canals, and it is essential 
to the stability of the crown that a post enter each canal. Any 
dentist who has tried to split a crown so that a part of it might 
enter each of these canals has realized the usual hopelessness of 
such a task. Not only are Twentieth Century and Dentsply bi- 
cuspid crown posts made bifurcated, but the halves may be safely 
bent to the required adaptation without weakening the other half. 
Here the bending qualities are very important. Here they make 
possible for the dentist such adaptation as is otherwise very diffi- 
cult. The same post may be used for second bicuspid roots by 
merely leaving the post as it comes. 
Shape of Crown Posts. 
While the ability of a crown post to resist stress is a most 
important element of durability, the shape and size of the post 
is of immediate importance to the dentist at the time of setting. 
For the danger to the root arises indirectly from these. Most 
dentists can treat roots successfully and can with equal success fill 
that portion lying beyond the apical end of the post. But many a 
dentist ruins the root on which he sets the crown, by not under- 
standing the mechanics of crown posts as related to the size of the 
root. 
327 It is evident that after the root is prepared for the crown, there 
must be enough root tissue left to support the crown in the work 
to which it will be subjected. In other words, the root must not be 
so reamed as to weaken it. 
It is equally obvious that the course of that root, whether it is 
straight or crooked, is largely unknown to the operator, once it 
disappears from his sight into the tissues of the gum. Nor is 
there any form of instrumentation generally known by which he 
may map out its course in such way as to offer him any safe guid- 
ance in reaming. There is but one safe course; it is to regard 
every root as offering unknown dangers if extensively reamed, and 
to perform the minimum amount of reaming on every root. Only 
in this way can frequent perforation of roots be avoided. Obser- 
vations in practice show that root perforation in crown setting 
is unnecessarily common. 
The amount of reaming necessary in any root is almost di- 
rectly dependent on the size and shape of the crown post which is 
to enter it. If it were not necessary to make room for the post, 
no reaming would be necessary, and obviously the larger the crown 
post or the less it is shaped like the root canal, the greater must be 
the amount of reaming. It is therefore a matter of no small im- 
portance to make sure that the crown post is of such shape as will 
require the least reaming of the root tissues. Much light will be 
thrown on this subject by a short study of roots, root canals and the 
various shapes of posts offered for use therein. 
Of all the anterior teeth, probably the upper lateral is most 
often crowned with porcelain. Moreover its root offers more 
dangers to the crown worker than the root of any other of the six 
anterior teeth except occasionally the cuspids. It will therefore 
be directly to the point to study the roots of laterals with relation 
to crowning. 
The root of a lateral, at the level of the gum line, usually 
presents, in cross section, an irregular oval. It is much nar- 
rower mesio-distally than the root of the central. It often presents 
mesio-distal constrictions which should be the subjects of most 
careful consideration by the dentist. The root Qanal follows 
the outline of the outside of the root, and in many cases is very 
narrow in the mesio-distal diameter. 
328 It is a common characteristic of lateral roots that these mesio- 
distal constrictions increase in depth as they proceed apically. 
The result is that in the middle third of the root the tissue on the 
mesial and distal sides of the canal is often very thin. 
It is probably more commonly true of lateral roots than of 
any others, that they curve distally as they proceed apically. 
This curve is apt to occur at the junction of the middle and apical 
thirds of the root. Sometimes it can be detected in a root by care- 
ful instrumentation. 
It is at once apparent that in a root presenting characteristic 
mesio-distal constrictions and with the chances favoring a bend 
in the root, the least possible amount of reaming for a crown post, 
consistent with proper placing, should be done. Not only is the 
amount of root tissue on either side of the canal so small that the 
removal of any of it may weaken the root and render it more liable 
to split under the strain of mastication, but the amount of tissue 
is so small and the danger of the increasing mesio-distal con- 
strictions so great, that there is always a possibility of perforating 
the root in the effort to make room for the crown post. 
329 Sections of natural upper cuspids. Each tooth was photographed, then sawed at the pencil 
marks and photographed again. A Twentieth Century Crown Post was sawed at the same 
levels and shows as white spots at the right of each ooth section. 
330 This illustration shows upper centrals treated in the same manner as the cuspids 
on preceding page.J 
331 Upper laterals treated same as on preceding pages 
332 Upper laterals treated same as on preceding pages 
333 Upper ^cuspids treated in the same manner as on preceding pages. 
334 CHAPTER XIX. 
The Economics of Crown Selections. 
Every man who makes a financial success, makes it a business- 
to find out what it costs to perform the operations common to his 
line of work, and to study with care the possibilities of performing 
the operation in a satisfactory manner at the lowest possible cost. 
He recognizes that his profits result largely from small economies 
oft repeated. 
Study of this sort by dentists is thought to be a new thing, but 
such is really not the case. It has existed for years in large dental 
offices, some of which employ numerous operators and are man- 
aged by business men who may or may not be dentists. These 
managers have adopted the same form of study as the successful 
business man in other lines. They have, to use their own phrase, 
"cut the costs of doing business". The economics practised in 
these large offices are sources of no small part of the profits, so 
that one of them could live right along side of the average dentist, 
do the same work for the same price and make a handsome profit 
out of the economies which it practises and he neglects. When 
the average dentist adopts the habit of "cutting the cost of doing 
business", not by lowering the quality of the materials used or of 
the service rendered, but merely by stopping leaks which benefit 
no one, his profits will be increased. 
Few dentists have ever carefully considered the possibilities of 
"cutting costs" of crown selection. 
Take, for example, a condition which seems to offer the best 
possible excuse for the dentist not to carry any stock of crowns in 
his own office. Dr. X practises in the City. He has offices in a 
modern building and on the floor below him is located a dental 
depot of the most advanced type,, so that he can go or send there 
and receive as prompt and intelligent service as a depot should be 
expected to render. Let only one thing be stated as essential to 
good crown selection, and then consider what shall be the economi- 
cal course for him to pursue. This one essential is that the crown 
shall be selected by the dentist in the presence of the patient, in 
professional words that selection shall be made "in the mouth'k 
335 This requirement is not arbitrary. It is based on the fact, which 
should be self evident, that Dr. X is the only person competent to 
select the crown and that he is best able to do so "in the mouth''. 
It is not the depot's place to make selections. That requires many 
things the depot cannot supply. It is the depot's proper function to 
fill orders according to specifications sent them. 
Mrs. A. presents for the selection of a porcelain crown for an 
upper right central root. Dr. X follows the common method of 
taking an impression of the root and adjoining teeth, pouring a 
model and taking it to the dental depot, to make selection of the 
crown. From among the crowns presented to him, he finally se- 
lects three or six and with them returns to the office where his 
patient is waiting or to which she is to return. Here he tries the 
crowns in place. It will be the exception rather than the rule, if 
any of the crowns secured in this manner meet the requirements 
of the case so fully as to conform to the standard set in the opening 
sentence of this book, that "a porcelain crown should be nearly in- 
distinguishable when set", a standard to which many dentists suc- 
cessfully work. 
It will probably result that Dr. X "will make one of the crowns 
do", by grinding it to meet the requirements. Putting aside the 
fact that the quality of his operation is likely to be lowered there- 
by, note the fact that his method of procedure has been the most 
expensive possible to him. His time is doubtless worth at least 
four dollars per hour if he practises in a modern office building 
in the city large enough to maintain a dental depot. If he has been 
able to take the impression, pour the model, go to the depot, make 
the selections and return in less than 30 minutes, it has probably 
been the exception and not the rule. The time cost to him for the 
half hour thus spent is two dollars. He has used up, unprofitably, 
time which should have produced $2.00 and his revenues are that 
much less than if his time had been spent operating. It is the gen- 
eral testimony of dentists who practise this method that crowns 
obtained in this way are rarely wholly satisfactory and that they 
are often compelled to make extensive adaptations by grinding. 
These prolong the operation beyond the time required to adapt a 
well selected crown. 
Some dentists use their lunch hour for trips to the dental depot. 
This is an apparent rather than a real economy. It keeps the 
336 brain active along its accustomed lines when it should, if possible, 
rest. 
There is one more item of expense, though it is just one of 
those which the individual practitioner considers too small to 
merit his attention, but which the larger user of dental materials 
never neglects. It is that the dentist who purchases one at a time, 
pays the retail price, which in the case of Twentieth Century and 
Dentsply Crowns, is greater than the quantity price. Even if he 
maintains a deposit account and buys crowns a few at a time, he 
pays more than the price for crowns bought 100 at a time. 
The total cost of the crown to Dr. X then, is at least one-half 
hour's time, worth $2.00, and 40 cents for the crown. Yet Dr. 
X who has never analyzed the figures, thinks he can set that crown 
for $5.00 or $6.00, pay these costs and the proportionate share 
of his other office costs for that time, and have a good fee left for 
his services. It is a matter of simple business arithmetic to show 
that the probable cost of maintaining Dr. X's office, allowing him 
a yearly salary of $2500.00, is not far from $4.00 per producing 
hour. If preparation of the root and the setting of the crown, after 
selection was complete, occupies an hour, these alone have cost 
Dr. X $4.00. The half hour spent in selecting the crown, plus 
the cost of the crown, makes the cost of this operation to him $6.40. 
His fee of $6.00 therefore shows a loss. And it was his method 
of crown selection that entailed the loss. 
Note how much more economically Dr. X might have selected 
that crown and how much greater might have been his net profit, 
if he had kept at hand even one of the trays holding 100 Dentsply 
or Twentieth Century Crowns (and many shrewd operators keep 
Assortment No. 713 or half a dozen trays always at hand). He 
could have selected the crown in not longer than was required 
to decide between the crowns he brought from the depot. If the 
tray was kept well filled, the selection would probably have been 
much better than resulted from the trip to the dental depot, and the 
crown would have been more quickly adapted. Practically the 
entire half hour lost by Dr. X's method of selection would have 
been saved. The crown cost to Dr. X would then have been less 
by the value of the half hour, it would also have been less by 
the difference between the price of single crowns and the price 
of crowns when bought by the hundred. The total net saving 
would probably be in excess of $2.00. 
337 Someone may suggest that Dr. X could reduce the cost of his 
method of selection by sending his assistant to the depot for the 
crowns. This is undoubtedly true, but the sending of one who 
knows little about crowns in general and the case in particular, to 
select by the aid of a tooth clerk who has never seen the case, is 
surely an example of "the blind leading the blind", with the result 
that the dentist usually falls into a professional ditch. This is 
contrary to the first requirement for good crown selection, "that 
the crown shall be selected by the dentist". Selection from among 
the crowns secured in this manner, usually does nothing to increase 
public respect for the skill which the dentist's work exhibits. For 
if the crowns which the dentist himself brings "can only be made 
to do", what shall be said of the crowns brought by one who is not 
a dentist? 
For the dentist who is situated farther away from the dental 
depot than the Dr. X of the preceding paragraphs, that is the 
dentist who is a few blocks or a few miles away, all that was said 
above applies with even greater force. The dentist who must send 
by mail has many an uncomfortable moment when patient and 
crowns come to the office about together and it is found that none of 
the crowns sent are suitable for the case. What shall be said of cases 
where the crowns do not arrive in time and the work must wait 
another appointment? Such cases occasionally happen and are 
nearly always rush cases, where disappointment is especially an- 
noying. 
The question of how many crowns shall be carried in stock 
must be settled by each dentist according to his circumstances. The 
shrewder the dentist, the larger stock, within reason, he will carry. 
While no dentist can, with the best results, carry less than 100 
crowns in such a stock, the busy dentist finds it to his advantage 
to carry from 200 to 500 as permitting a larger range of moulds 
and shades. Two hundred Twentieth Century or Dentsply Crowns 
can be purchased for a down payment of $10.00, and $10.00 
each month for six months following. 
Into nearly every dental office comes what may be called, for 
want of a better term, "emergency cases". A patient, maybe one 
whose patronage is valued, loses a tooth or a crown. A social 
or business engagement is close at hand and cannot be faced with a 
tooth missing. The dentist is called on to immediately place a 
338 tooth which shall be presentable and sufficiently durable for the 
purpose. 
While a number of "emergency crowns" can be constructed 
by the use of a facing and a post, it is much more to the dentist's 
credit to be able to say "I can set a crown immediately" and to do 
so on the spot. Even if the post be set only with temporary stop- 
ping and is removed later for more permanent work, a distinct im- 
pression in favor of the dentist's preparedness and efficiency is 
created. 
Some dentists think that they make more favorable impressions 
by stating that they must send to such and such a place for a tooth 
or crown. This may be true in certain cases but with intelligent 
patients the benefits of prompt service outweigh any impression 
which could be made in this manner. 
How to Select the Stock and Keep It Up. 
Many dentists would be willing to order a stock of crowns and 
reap the benefits if they knew what to ask for in that stock. This 
can be determined only by experience. Doubtless more centrals 
and laterals are crowned with porcelain than any other teeth. 
Cuspids probably come next. Biscuspids might preferably be 
crowned with porcelain much more frequently than they are, with 
great advantage to the patient's appearance. 
To meet the needs of the dentists who do not know exactly 
what to order in the way of a crown stock. Crown Assortments 
Nos. i, 2 and 713 have been prepared and have met with most 
cordial approval. (See description and illus. on pages 341-345.) 
When the stock has been so far depleted as to require replenish- 
ing, either of two methods may be followed. Enough crowns 
may be purchased to fill the tray or a new tray full may be pur- 
chased, care being taken that the new crowns are selected in such 
proportions as to properly supplement the stock already on hand. 
This method has two advantages. It increases the stock of crowns 
always available from which to select, and it permits the dentist to 
effect an economy which pays his first installment if he buys in that 
way. 
It is then of the greatest importance to select a crown post which 
will require a minimum of reaming, and to perform that reaming 
339 with care and by the use of the proper instruments. The shape of 
the crown post should correspond as nearly as possible to the shape 
of the root, so that little reaming may be necessary. And the post 
should be capable of such adaptation, without weakening, as will 
require the least possible cutting of the root. 
Twentieth Century and Dentsply crown posts were designed 
with such roots as these in view. They are shaped, in cross section, 
like the root itself and consequently like the canal. That is, they 
are wide from lingual to labial, in the diameter in which the root is 
wide, in which there is plenty of root tissue, where there are rarely 
any constrictions or turnings, and where, if anywhere, reaming is 
safe. They are narrow mesio-distally, where the root and canal 
are narrow, where turnings of the root are most common, and 
where, from every safety view point, reaming is dangerous. 
Moreover Twentieth Century and Dentsply crown posts are 
capable of such extensive adaptation in themselves as to relieve the 
root of much danger. These posts are compressed from billets 
of metal much larger than the finished posts and therefore contain 
more metal than is common in pieces of their size. This increased 
density results in a finer texture and increased strength. Because 
of this they may be extensively ground in the mesio-distal diameter 
without weakening them. As the stress to which they will be sub- 
jected in use is from lingual to labial, their wide linguo-labial diam- 
eter makes them, when extensively ground mesio-distally, like thin 
boards of great strength, which cannot be bent edgewise save by the 
application of destructive force. 
In view of the formation of the roots on which crowns must be 
set, it is evident that no other form of crown post is so well suited 
for all roots, as that which conforms most closely to the shape of 
the roots as nature leaves them. Posts which require as much 
reaming mesio-distally as they do linguo-labially, necessitate ream- 
ing in that part of the root from which the greatest danger threat- 
ens. It is difficult enough to avoid this danger; surely nothing is 
gained by courting it. Posts made of metal so soft as to necessitate 
bulk in the post, and therefore large openings in the roots, are 
manifestly unsuitable save in roots so large that ample root tissue 
is available and where the root is known to be straight. As it is 
very difficult to determine exactly that a- root has no curves and 
that no constrictions occur on the mesial and distal sides as the 
root proceeds apically, the obviously safe course is to habitually 
use Twentieth Century and Dentsply crown posts. 
340 Crown Assortment No. 1. 
341 CROWN ASSORTMENT NO. i. 
This assortment comprises one hundred crowns, either Twen- 
tieth Century or Dentsply, in the moulds and shades most frequent- 
ly used by dentists. It affords the dentist a working stock of crowns 
from which he can make selections "in the mouth". This method 
of selection not only economizes time and reduces the cost of porce- 
lain crowns to the dentist, but it permits much more satisfactory 
selection than any other method. It spares the dentist the necessity 
of taking an impression, making a model and going or sending to 
the dental depot for crowns. It enables the dentist to purchase his 
stock at less cost than when crowns are purchased singly. 
The introduction of this crown assortment was welcomed by the 
dental profession, and it has been extensively used. So great in 
fact has its popularity proven, that it has been found desirable to 
arrange a Crown Assortment No. 2 to supplement this one in 
moulds and shades, and also Crown Assortment No. 713, which 
comprises 380 crowns. 
Descriptions of Assortments Number 2 and 713, follow: 
342 Crown Assortment No. 2. 
This Assortment is supplementary to No. 1 made up along the same general lines, but differing in 
moulds and shades and containing 10 bicuspids in the most popular moulds. It is especially valuable 
to any dentist who has already purchased the No. 1 assortment. The combination gives him a usable 
stock of 200 crowns and enables him to handle crown cases quickly and satisfactorily. 
343 CROWN ASSORTMENT NO. 2. 
Crown Assortment No. 1 demonstrated that it is so much more 
advantageous in every way for the dentist to carry a well selected 
stock in his office and make his own selections "in the mouth", that 
it became necessary to arrange Assortment No. 2 in order to furnish 
dentists with moulds and shades additional to those in Crown As- 
sortment No. 1. 
Crown Assortment No. 2 was therefore arranged to give the 
dentist a wider range of moulds and shades than could be had by 
the use of Assortment No. 1. It greatly extends the dentist's 
ability to at once meet the requirement of any ordinary case, and 
enables him to effect economies in cases for which Assortment No. 
1 was inadequate. 
It should be remembered that having on hand an adequate 
crown stock effects many economies for the dentist, and can in no 
wise be called an injudicious expense, though the sum invested is 
larger than it would be for a stock of inadequate size: 
The range of shades and moulds in Crown Assortments Nos. 1 
and 2 will prove very useful to many dentists, though dentists who 
use many porcelain crowns may find it more advantageous to use 
Crown Assortment No. 713, a description of which follows: 
344 CROWN ASSORTMENT NO. 713 
In Twentieth Century Crowns 
OR 
Dentsply Crowns 
The necessity for an adequate stock of porcelain crowns presents 
itself to every busy dentist frequently. 
Crown Assortment No. 713, in beautiful Cabinet. 
Dentists who manage their practices on a business basis, and 
who realize the importance of economizing the moments of the 
working day, need such a stock. Its presence and use enables them 
to save enough time and to so increase their efficiency as to render 
the stock very profitable. 
345 For instance, a patient unexpectedly comes in for a crown or 
two. If an impression must be taken and the crowns sent for, the 
value of time lost is likely to equal or exceed the cost of the crowns. 
If crowns can be selected immediately from the stock on hand, no 
time will be lost and the results are much more likely to be satis- 
factory. 
Upper tray from the cabinet containing Crown Assortment No. 713 
Methods of Selecting Crowns. 
Three methods are in common use. 
i. The first is to send or carry a model to a dental depot and 
for the dentist to select there or let his assistant or the tooth clerk 
346 select. This method has all the disadvantages that any workable 
method can have. The plaster model does not give the shades of 
the adjoining teeth, and may not even show their characteristics 
well. It makes delicate blending of shades impossible. If the as- 
sistant or the tooth clerk selects the crown, neither has a fair chance 
to select well, because the model cannot show enough of the con- 
Lower tray from the cabinet containing Crown Assortment No. 713. 
ditions. This method is expensive in time and trouble and fre- 
quently unsatisfactory in results. 
2. The second method is to use a millimeter measure to de- 
termine the dimensions of the required crown and order from the 
depot by mould number and shade number. 
347 This method is much better than method No. I, but it does not 
give proper opportunities for selecting the shade. 
3. Method No. 3 consists of keeping a stock of crowns on hand 
and using a pair of dividers to aid selection. Get the length of the 
required crown with the dividers and go quickly through the stock 
and lay aside all crowns of suitable length. Then learn the desired 
width and select from those laid aside the crowns of proper width. 
Learn the required root diameters and select the crowns suitable in 
this respect. The selection may be completed in five minutes, with- 
out model making, or other loss of time. 
Selecting the Crown Shade. 
The method in common use is to select a sample tooth from a 
Shade Guide and order by that number. That method satisfied 
dentists for a good many years. But in the light of better methods 
it does not satisfy the more exacting workers. 
They realize that every patient presents individual color prob- 
lems, color of hair, color of skin, color of the mucous membranes, 
color of the teeth as they are now and as they will be 10 years from 
now. And they realize that they can best solve these problems 
by selecting the crown in the closest possible relations to the hair, 
skin, membranes, teeth, etc. That means trying crowns into the 
space to be filled until the desired effect is secured. 
Such selection demands a considerable stock of crowns, like that 
furnished by Assortment 713. The wide range of shades and 
moulds in this assortment facilitates just this high type of profes- 
sional service. 
To the Dentist Who Gets Low Crown Fees. 
This assortment will prove a means of making a profit where 
other methods of selection might net a loss. For instance, an upper 
left central porcelain crown is to be set for a fee of $5.00, including 
treatment of the root. If the dentist takes an impression, makes 
a model and takes it to the depot, he loses at least one half hour of 
time. If he mails it, he loses, say twenty minutes. 
Perhaps the depot sends four crowns from which he can choose. 
The ordinary experience of a dentist under these conditions is that 
the crown most suitable in mould is not suitable in shade. Finally, 
he has to "make a crown do." That takes time, and time is money. 
The result of these several factors is that so much time is con- 
sumed that the operation shows a loss rather than a profit. 
348 With Crown Assortment No. 713 at hand, the dentist would 
not take an impression or make a model or go or send to the depot. 
He would not be compelled to "make a crown do," because this 
Assortment, if kept filled, will meet all ordinary requirements of 
practice. He would save probably twenty or thirty minutes in time. 
This time would be worth at least $1.00. The saving would make 
all the difference between a profit and a loss in the operation. 
The lower the dentist's fees, the more that dentist needs Crown 
Assortment No. 713. The dentist who gets $10.00 or $20.00 for 
a porcelain crown may afford to waste time. The dentist who gets 
low fees cannot afford to waste a moment. 
Dentsply Crown Assortment No. 713 Comprises: 
380 Dentsply Crowns without posts. 
24 Style A Posts, or equivalent value in Style "B" Posts. 
Style A Crown Posts are regular Dentsply1 Posts, Style B Crown Posts are round posts. 
Assortment No. 713 comprises practically all the Crown 
Moulds in Crown Assortments Nos. 1 and 2, with 150 others which 
could not be included in those Assortments. 
Dentists who have found Crown Assortments Nos. 1 and 2 in- 
sufficient in quantity are advised to procure Assortment No. 713 
which is much more extensive. 
Twentieth Century Crown Assortment No. 713. 
Contains 380 Twentieth Century Crowns with fixed posts. 
349 TABLE OF TWENTIETH CENTURY CROWNS, 
ARRANGED NUMERICALLY. 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
'hhh^-1 ►-1 ►-11-1 f-1 ! >(r>„1rl Mn 
'X -q o W N H O X CC C. CT 4^ W 1-0 HC' OC' C. ii 4^ U 1'0 HC C X < 'C; n >U W t< O 'X -O CT >U W M H O X 'X -1 CS W W H I M ouia IMO. 
6 
M6 
M6 
Xi 
II 
Moi 
Moi 
6 
Moi 
Mil 
01 
8 
6 
ll 
01 
01 
Mu 
21 
6 
6 
Moi 
01 
21 
M8 
M6 
01 
Mu 
Moi 
81 
Mu 
ll 
Moi 
M6 
ll 
81 
01 
M6 
ll 
ll 
Moi 
M8 
Mil 
ll 
Moi 
8 
10M 
9M 
9M 
9 
UM 
12 
9 
iom 
9 
10M 
9M 
7M 
Length 
Along Labial 
Surface 
CENTRALS. 
OOCDOO^qOOOO^DOOCDCDOOCiOO<JCDOOCDCDOOOOCDOO-qOO-qOO<JOOOOOOOO<]CDCD-q-q-qOOCDOOOO-q-q-q 
baXt^X^XboXboX ^X^\to'xro\ t^X^X i^X tXtX kX uX 4XbXbX XX kKkX^XloX to\ X\ 
8 
7 
8 
9 
8 
9 
7M 
8M 
8 
8 
8 
8 
Width 
oioo~q-qooaooooooooo-qci~a-q-q~q-q-a-q-q-q-q-q-q-qooco-qoo-3<3-qoooocooooo-ooooooooooooo-a-qooooooooooootooooo-aoo 
X\ X\ X\ X\ X\tX\X\ X\X\ t^X X\ N\N\Xt\X ^X^X^X^ X\X\ 
ci0ocicici^qooo^q-qcicncici^qci-q-qci<i<]cicicici0o-qci^qci-qcici0o~qcicici-qoooo*qcici-q-q-q-q-q~q~qoo~q~q~qci<j 
X\ Xt\t\ X\ X\X\X\ X\X\ X\ X\ b^ X\ X\X\ bXbX kX X\ X\X\ X\ bX X\X\X\X\ 
Linguo- 
Labial 
Mesio- 
Discal 
Neck 
Diameters. 
00 QO CD Ci O O^XOHO^CDHO^HWCOCOOCDHOOCO^OOMHOC^oKo^HOOaHOOO 
tox^X ixX\ tcXb^X bX bXbX ix X\X\bX X\X\X\Xx bXiX\X\bXbX tcX X\b3\ 
9M 
9M 
9 
8M 
11 
11M 
8 
10M 
8M 
9M 
8% 
7 
Length 
Along Labial 
Surface 
LATERALS. 
L 
L 
M9 
Ms 
L 
M9 
L 
M9 
Ml 
Ml 
M9 
Ms 
M9 
Ms 
1 
M9 
Ml 
Ml 
9 
M9 
Ml 
9 
9 
M9 
9 
Ml 
Ml 
9 
M9 
9 
M9 
9 
Ms 
Ml 
1 
Ms 
Ms 
Ms 
M9 
1 
M9 
1 
M9 
Ms 
Ms 
9 
L 
M9 
1 
1 
9 
Ml 
1 
M9 
Ml 
M9 
M9 
Width 
Ci oc -q -q oo -q -q -q oo -q -q ciO Ci -q -q q^qciqao o o -q oo ci -q Ci ~q -q -q oc oo -q xaq -q 
co\k\ X\X\ X\ X\ Xx X\ tX bX rX tX XxtXXxXx tX ► 
7M 
7M 
7M 
7M 
8 
8 
8M 
8 
8 
8 
8 
63/ 
Linguo- 
Labial 
Neck 
Diameters. 
cncicncncncicidcicicncncn^cicncncicncncicncrcncncicicncncncncncncicicn^^cicicicicicncncicicicicicncicicicicid 
\^\H Xr* X^ X-* X-X- X-1 X-4 X^X-* xr-* X^X^X^ X^X^X^X-* X° 
boXtoX bsXbsX bo\ t<X toX 4XuX X\ nX 4-\iX kX tXtXtX ►P' 4X 
Mesio- 
Distal 
CD C5 O q O O O CD O H O 00 CD H O O K W C CO O O tS C£> O H H bO H H H CO H W CD O H H O CD H O H X 00 O C CD H CT K H CD CD O O 
tX X\X tXXxX. kX tXrX XX X. Xx bXX\ X\ t\X tX X\tX X. X\ Xx 
Length 
Along Labial 
Surface 
CUSPIDS. 
oooc-qci<j*qoooooocD-qciOOCiOooooocD-qoooo-q-q-q-qoooo-q-q-q-q-q-qoooo-q-qci<joooooc-q-q-q 
tXtX X\ bX tX b^X kX to\uXt<X b3\b2\bX^xb0\ kX ^X b^Xb^X 
1 
M8 
Ml 
8 
8 
1 
M8 
Ml 
8 
Ms 
Ml 
Ml 
Width 
1 
Ms 
Ml 
Ml 
M8 
Ml 
8 
Ml 
M8 
8 
Ml 
1 
Ms 
1 
8 
Ml 
8 
M8 
1 
1 
Ml 
1 
1 
M9 
Ml 
Ml 
Ms 
1 
Ml 
Ml 
Ml 
Ml 
8 
8 
6 
Ml 
8 
Ml 
M8 
M8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
Ml 
Ml 
6 
8 
M8 
6 
8 
M8 
6 
8 
Ms 
M8 
8 
Linguo- 
Labial 
Neck 
Diameters. 
9 
Ml 
M9 
9 
M9 
9 
Ml 
9 
1 
1 
9 
Ms 
M9 
s 
Ml 
M9 
1 
1 
9 
9 
M9 
M9 
9 
9 
9 
1 
1 
9 
9 
M9 
9 
M9 
9 
M9 
1 
M9 
9 
Ms 
1 
1 
1 
Ml 
Ms 
9 
M9 
9 
1 
1 
Ml 
Ml 
M9 
8 
1 
1 
Ml 
M9 
1 
Mesio- 
Distal 
WWWW'WOC'MWWWWWWW'WCTCTWWWWWil'WWCTWWWWWWWWWWWWCTHWWWWWWCTWWWWCTWCTWWW 
CTCTCT.CT Ci CT C: CT CT.CT C". CT CT CT. CT CT. CT. CT CTCT. C~. <1 CT CT CT OCT<I CT. CT. CT. CT CT. <1 CT. CT CT. CT. CT CTCT. * C. CT CT CTCT.CT CT. 'Ji -■! CT CT CT'J! 
CnC5CC0-q>t>.><^CnC>55Oi-'WCJCl^H-'tOl-'>f».OTCOO©00~4tO©W>H-?Ci-qcn«OOC>-'©-qCTS-41t<iQCOOClCnOOOO?ON)*>-OT^OC»0<C'^>^ 
Cut and descrip 
tion on Lage 
* Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to 
slight variations. 
350 TABLE OF TWENTIETH CENTURY CROWNS, 
ARRANGED BY SIZE. 
(ALL dimensions ARE in MILLIMETERS.) * 
CENTRALS. 
LATERALS. 
CUSPIDS. 
6. 
o' 
Neck 
Neck 
"S Neck 
Q 
CT « 
z 
Diameters. 
j-5 n Diameters. 
n Diameters. 
75 
fl 
a 
O 
Leng 
long L 
Surfa 
Widt 
zinguo- 
L,abial 
Mesio- 
Distal 
Leng 
long I. 
Surfa 
Widt 
Jnguo- 
Labial 
Mesio- 
Distal 
Leng 
long I. 
Surfa 
Widt 
zinguo- 
I^abial 
Mesio- 
Distal 
7J O 
53 ri 
*.2 
fl 
< >- 
SHORT. 
55 
12 
47 
13 
35 
18 
7 
9 
40 
51 
58 
39 
46 
4 
57 
2 
22 
34 
3 
11 
26 
56 
KXtoX i^\4X 
M8 
zAL 
8 
8 
ZAL 
ZAL 
L 
%6 
6 
^8 
K8 
AS 
As 
8 
8 
ZAL 
%8 
8 
£ 
^9 
8 
ZAL 
7^ 
7^ 
6% 
7^ 
7% 
8 
8 
8M 
7 
8 
6^ 
7 
7 
8 
8M 
7^ 
8 
7% 
8 
8 
8 
7A 
6^ 
7 
5^ 
7 
6^ 
8 
7 
7 
6 
7 
6^ 
7 
6^ 
7^ 
8 
6^ 
6^ 
6 
7^ 
7^ 
6% 
6% 
6M 
7 
7A 
7A 
8^ 
8 
8 
8A 
8% 
8A 
8A 
9 
9 
8A 
8% 
9A 
9 
9 
9 
8M 
9A 
9 
tiXuX 4X uXbO\ bOXtOX^X X uX 
7H 
6% 
6 
7 
6^ 
7^2 
8% 
8 
7 
7^ 
6 
^A 
7 
7% 
8 
7X 
7 
7 
7X 
8 
1A 
7 
cncnoocn^oajcicncncncncnoic^cicncncncncn 
uX tc\ 4^\ ro\ t^X t^X toXtoX kX 
7 
8 
8 
8 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9A 
9 
9A 
9 
9A 
9 
9 
10 
9 
9A 
9% 
10 
9A 
10 
6^ 
7 
6 
7 
7^ 
8 
7 
8 
7% 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
1A 
7 
7 
8A 
8A 
7 
7A 
7A 
7A 
7 
7A 
6% 
8 
8 
8A 
7 
7^ 
7 
7 
5% 
8 
8A 
8A 
8 
7X 
8A 
9 
8 
7^ 
6 
6 
5^ 
6% 
6 
7 
6^ 
7^ 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6% 
7 
7A 
6M 
6 
6 
7^ 
7 
6 
6^ 
WWWWWWWWWWW'WWWWWWWW^WW 
QiQlOlOlOiQlOlOiOlOiOlUiCTlOiCTlOldCnCnUimCn 
o^o^c^-xi^-qaiaiaiQicnQi^^^ocococcocccc 
MEDIUM. 
23 
10 
74 
8 
64 
10 
54 
7 
5 
94 
74 
74 
64 
360 
37 
10 
8 
7 
64 
94 
6 
6 
5 
104 
74 
7 
64 
360 
43 
10 
8 
7 
64 
94 
64 
7 
54 
10 
8 
74 
64 
361 
48 
10 
8 
7 
64 
10 
64 
7 
54 
104 
74 
74 
6 
361 
44 
10 
9 
74 
74 
10 
7 
7 
6 
10 
8 
8 
74 
361 
33 
10 
10 
8 
8 
94 
74 
74 
6 
10 
84 
74 
7 
362 
10 
1014 
8 
84 
7 
94 
64 
8 
6 
104 
74 
8 
7 
362 
19 
104 
9 
84 
8 
10 
7 
74 
6 
10 
8 
84 
7 
362 
38 
104 
94 
74 
7 
10 
74 
7 
64 
104 
8 
74 
64 
363 
50 
104 
94 
8 
7 
10 
74 
8 
6 
104 
8 
84 
7 
363 
31 
104 
74 
7 
6 
104 
6 
6 
5 
n 
74 
7 
6 
363 
1 
104 
8 
84 
7 
94 
64 
74 
54 
10 
74 
8 
7 
364 
53 
104 
8 
8 
7 
10 
64. 
7 
54 
104 
7 
74 
6 
364 
52 
104 
94 
8 
84 
94 
7 
74 
6 
10 
84 
8 
74 
364 
14 
104 
7 
84 
64 
104 
54 
7 
5 
n 
7 
8 
6 
365 
27 
10% 
8 
7 
64 
104 
6 
7 
5 
11 
74 
74 
64' 
365 
8 
104 
84 
84 
74 
104 
7 
8 
64 
114 
8 
9 
741 
365 
45 
n 
7 
7 
6 
11 
54 
64 
44 
11 
64 
7 
5 
366 
15 
n 
74 
84 
64 
10 
64 
74 
6 
104 
7 
8 
54 
366 
21 
11 
74 
74 
6 
n 
54 
64 
44 
114 
64 
74 
54 
366 
28 
11 
8 
74 
7 
104 
64 
7 
5 
11 
7 
74 
6 1 
367 
20 
11 
84 
8 
74 
10 
64 
74 
6 
11 
74 
84 
7 
367 
54 
11 
84 
8 
64 
104 
7 
84 
54 
104 
7 
84 
641 
367 
25 
11 
94 
8 
8 
104 
74 
8 
6 
11 
8 
8 
641 
368 
5 
114 
8 
9 
74. 
11 
7 
8 
64 
11 
74 
9 
7 1 
368 
* Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to 
slight variations. 
351 TABLE OF TWENTIETH CENTURY CROWNS, 
ARRANGED BY SIZE.-{Continued}. 
(ADD DIMENSIONS ARE IN MIDDIMETERS.) * 
Mould No. 
Length 
Along Labial 
Surface 
CENTRALS. 
Width 
Linguo- 
Labial 
Mesio- 
Distal 
•saajaiutMQ 
Length 
Along Labial 
Surface 
LATERALS. 
Width 
Linguo- 
Labial 
Neck 
Diameters. 
Mesio- 
D is tai 
Length 
Along Labial 
Surface 
CUSPIDS. 1 
Width 
Linguo- 
Labial 
Mesio- 
Distal 
Neck 
Diameters. 
Cut and descrip- 
tion on Page 
LONG. 
17 
11% 
8 
8% 
7 
11% 
7 
8 
6% 
11% 
8 
8 
7% 
368 
29 
11% 
8 
7% 
6% 
11 
6 
6% 
5 
11% 
7% 
7% 
6% 
369 
42 
11% 
9 
7 
7 
11% 
7% 
7% 
5% 
12 
8% 
8 
7 
369 
49 
11% 
9% 
8 
7 
11 
7% 
7% 
6 
11% 
9 
8 
7 
369 
32 
11% 
10% 
9 
7% 
10% 
7% 
8 
6 
11% 
8% 
8% 
7 
370 
36 
12 
7% 
7% 
6 
11% 
6 
7 
5 
12 
7% 
7 
6 
370 
6 
12 
9 
8% 
8 
11% 
7% 
8 
6% 
12 
8% 
8% 
8 
370 
41 
12 
9% 
7% 
7 
12 
7% 
7 
6 
12% 
9 
8% 
7 
371 
30 
13 
8% 
8 
7 
12% 
6% 
7 
5 
12% 
7% 
7% 
6 
371 
24 
13 
9 
9 
7% 
12% 
7 
8 
6 
13% 
8 
9 
7 
371 
* Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to 
slight variations. 
352 Twentieth Century Crowns 
UPPER ANTERIORS 
SHORT. 
MOULD 55. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
6^ mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 71-4 mm., width, 
7^ mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7}& mm., mesio-distal diameter at 
neck, 6^ mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 6 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 6% mm., width, 5% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 6% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 7 mm., width, 6% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
MOULD 12. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
7 mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 7% mm., width, 
8 mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at 
neck, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 6% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 7 mm., width, 6 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 6% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 8 mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
MOULD 47. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
7 mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 8 mm., width 
6^ mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 6% mm., mesio-distal diameter at 
neck, 5^ mm. 
353 Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 7 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 7y2 mm., width, 5% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 6 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 7% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 8 mm., width, 6 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5% mm. 
MOULD 7. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
8 mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 7 
mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
7 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 8 mm., width, 6 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5y2 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
MOULD 9. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
8 mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 8 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8^ mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 7% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 8% mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 8% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 8 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8y2 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7% mm. 
MOULD 40. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
9 mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width 8 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length of 
354 labial surface measuring along surface, 8% mm., width, 6 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9y2 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
MOULD 51. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
81& mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 814 
mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
7 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 8% mm., width, 6% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7y2 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 8% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 8 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 71/2 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
MOULD 58. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
814 mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 
8 mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 6I2 mm., mesio-distal diameter at| 
neck, 6^ mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 8% mm., width, 7 mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 6 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 8 mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
MOULD 39. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
8^ mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 
8^ mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
7 mm. 
355 Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 654 mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 6y2 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 8 mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
MOULD 46. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
8^ mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 
8^ mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
6 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 6% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 8 mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
MOULD 4. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
8 mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 9 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7^ mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 8% mm., width, 6% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 8% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 8 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
MOULD 57. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
8^ mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 914 mm., width, 
9^ mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at 
neck, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 8% mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
356 Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 8% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 8 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7% mm. 
MOULD 2. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
8% mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 
7 mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
6% mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 6% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7*4 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 8*4 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
MOULD 22. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
8^ mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9*4 mm., width, 
7^ mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
6 *4 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 5% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mjn., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 4% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
MOULD 34. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
9 mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9*4 mm., width, 
7*4 mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7*4 mm., mesio-distal diameter at 
neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 6 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 8% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 7 mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7*4 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
357 MOULD 13. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
7 mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 8 mm., width, 7 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7*4 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 7 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 7J4 mm., width, 5^4 rnm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5^4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 7% mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 8 mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7J4 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6J4 mm. 
MOULD 35. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
8 mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 8% mm., width, 8 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 8% mm., width, 6% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 6% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5J4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 7J4 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 6^4 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
MOULD 18. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
7% rnm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 8% nun., width, 
8% imm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
8 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 7% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 8 mm., width, 6% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7J4 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 8 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
358 MOULD 3. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
8}£ mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9}£ mm., width, 
8 mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
7}£ mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9J^ mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 8% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 8^ mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7% mm. 
MOULD 11. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
8^ mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9^ mm., width, 
8 mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
7 % mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 8 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 8% mm., width, 7 mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 8% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 9 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
MOULD 26. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
9 mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 
7}£ mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
6 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 -mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 5% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 7 mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
359 MOULD 56. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9 94 mm., width, 814 
mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 714 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% 
mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 9 mm., width, 6% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
MEDIUM. 
MOULD 23. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 5% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
MOULD 37. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 8 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 6 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 6 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
360 MOULD 43. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 8 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 6% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 8 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
MOULD 48. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 8 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9y2 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
MOULD 44. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 9 mm. 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7 % mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 % mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 8 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7% mm. 
361 MOULD 33. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 10 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 7V2 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 8% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
MOULD 10. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 8 
mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
7 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of surface, 9 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 6% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 7y2 mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
MOULD 19. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 9^ 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 1014 mm., width, 9 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8U mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9^ mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 8 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8^ mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck. 7 mm. 
362 MOULD 38. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 9% 
mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 
mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 8 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
MOULD 50. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 9%i 
mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 
mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 8 mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
MOULD 31. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 7% 
mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 
mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 6 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 6 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
363 MOULD 1. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 914 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 8 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8|4 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 6% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
MOULD 53. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 9^ 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 8 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5^ mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, ioy2 mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
MOULD 52. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, IOV2 mm., width, 9^i 
mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 8 U 
mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 8% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7% mm. 
364 MOULD 14. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10 % mm., width, 7 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 5% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
MOULD 27. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 9*4 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 8 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6*4 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 1014 mm., width, 6 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm. mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
MOULD 8. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 8*4 
mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 814 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
7*4 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 972 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 1014 mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6*4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 1014 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 1114 mm., width, 8 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 9 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 714 mm. 
365 MOULD 45. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 10% 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 5% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 6% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 4% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 6% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
MOULD 15. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5% mm. 
MOULD 21. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 5% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 6y2 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 4% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 11 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 11% mm., width, 6% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5% mm. 
366 MOULD 28. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 8 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 6% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
MOULD 20. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 8% mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 6% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
MOULD 54. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
10% mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 8% 
mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% 
mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 7 mm., lingual-labial 
diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
367 MOULD 25. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
10% rnm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 9% 
mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 8 
mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 8 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
MOULD 5. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11% mm., width, 8 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 9 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 9 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
LONG. 
MOULD 17. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 11 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11% mm., width, 8 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 10% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 11% mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 11% mm., width, 8 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7% mm. 
368 MOULD 29. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 11 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11% mm., width, 8 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 10% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 6 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 6% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 10% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 11% mm., width, 7% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
MOULD 42. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
10% mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11% mm., width, 
9 mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 
mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 11 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, liy2 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 11 mm., length of 
iabial surface measuring along surface, 12 mm., width, 8% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
MOULD 49. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
10% mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 % mm., width, 
9% mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
7 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 10% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 11 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 11 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 11% mm., width, 9 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
369 MOULD 32. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 11 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 11% mm., width, 10% 
mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 9 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7% 
mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 11 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 11% mm., width, 8% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
MOULD 36. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 
10% mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 12 mm., width, 7% 
mm., linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 
6 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 10% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 11% mm., width, 6 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 11 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 12 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
MOULD 6. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 10% 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 12 mm., width, 9 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 8 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 10 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 11% mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6% mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 11% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 12 mm., width, 8% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 8 mm. 
370 MOULD 41. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 11% 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 12 mm., width, 9% mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 11 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 12 mm., width, 7% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 12 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 12% mm., width, 9 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
MOULD 30. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 12 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 13 mm., width, 8% mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 12 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 12% mm., width, 6% mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 12% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 12% mm., width, 7% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
MOULD 24. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 12 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 13 mm., width, 9 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 9 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7% mm. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 11% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 12% mm., width, 7 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 8 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 6 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 13 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 13% mm., width, 8 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 9 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 7 mm. 
371 Twentieth Century Crowns 
LOWER ANTERIORS 
MOULD 64. Dimensions of centrals: vertical length of labial surface, 8% 
mm., length of labial surface measuring along surface, 9% mm., width, 5 mm., 
linguo-labial diameter at neck, 6% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 4% nun. 
Dimensions of laterals: vertical length of labial surface, 9 mm., length of 
labial surface measuring along surface, 10 mm., width, 5y2 mm., linguo-labial 
diameter at neck, 6% mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 4 mm. 
Dimensions of cuspids: vertical length of labial surface, 9% mm., length 
of labial surface measuring along surface, 10% mm., width, 6% mm., linguo- 
labial diameter at neck, 7 mm., mesio-distal diameter at neck, 5 mm. 
TABLE OF TWENTIETH CENTURY BICUSPID CROWNS 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.) * 
Mould No. 
Bicuspid 
Length 
Mesio-distal 
diameter at 
contact points 
ROOT DIAMETERS 
Cut and 
description 
on page 
Labio-lingual. Mesio-distal 
1 
1st 
10 
6/ 
8 
5 
374 
2nd 
10 
6/ 
8/ 
5/ 
374 
2 
1st 
10 
7/2 
8/ 
6 
374 
2nd 
10 
7/ 
9 
6/ 
374 
3 
1st 
8 
7 
9/ 
6/ 
375 
2nd 
8 
7 
9/ 
6/ 
375 
4 
1st 
8 
7 
8 
6 
375 
2nd 
8 
7 
8 
6 
375 
5 
1st 
8 
6 
8 
5/ 
376 
2nd 
8 
6/ 
8 
5/ 
376 
6 
1st 
8 
6 
7 
5 
376 
2nd 
8 
6 
7 
5 
376 
7 
1st 
6/ 
7 
8 
6/ 
377 
2nd 
6/ 
7 
8/ 
7 
377 
8 
1st 
7 
6/ 
7/ 
5/ 
377 
2nd 
7 
7 
8 
6 
377 
9 
1st 
9 
7 
8 
6 
378 
2nd 
9 
7 
8 
6 
378 
10 
1st 
9 
6/ 
8 
5/2 
378 
2nd 
9 
6/ 
8 
5/ 
378 
11 
1st 
8 
7/ 
9 
7 
379 
2nd 
8/ 
8 
10 
7/ 
379 
12 
1st 
8/ 
7 
9 
7 
379 
2nd 
8 
8 
9/ 
7/ 
379 
* Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to 
slight variations. 
372 TABLE OF TWENTIETH CENTURY BICUSPID CROWNS. 
(Continued.) 
(ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.)* 
Mould No. 
Bicuspid 
length 
Mesio-distal 
diameter at 
con tact points 
ROOT DIAMETERS 
Cut and 
description 
on page 
I^abio-lingual. 
Mesio-distal 
13 
1st 
7 
7 
7 
6 
380 
2nd 
7^ 
7 
8 
6 
380 
14 
1st 
6 
6 
8 
6 
380 
2nd 
6 
6 
8 * 
6 
380 
15 
1st 
8 
6M 
8 
6 
381 
2nd 
8 
6% 
8 
6 
381 
16 
1st 
8 
6 
8 
5 
381 
2nd 
8 
6 
8 
5 
381 
* Owing to the many processes involved in making teeth, these measurements are subject to 
slight variations. 
SOLILA CROWNS 
are exactly the same as the Twentieth Century Crowns, 
except that the posts are of pure gold, reinforced with an 
interior core of stronger metal, and the post soldered to the 
platinum anchorage in the porcelain with gold solder. 
373 Twentieth Century 
Bicuspid Crowns 
MOULD 1. First Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; 
mesio-distal, 5 mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact 
points, 6^2 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8J& mm.; mesio- 
distal, mm. 
This mould is long vertically and finds many uses where a long vertical 
restoration is necessary. It is not uncommon for a root to be decayed exten- 
sively on the buccal side, and the farther the porcelain restoration can be carried 
apically, the more satisfactory will be the results, so that the porcelain is 
properly polished where it extends beneath the gum. There are also cases 
where the gums have receded, and a long crown is essential to an artistic 
restoration. For these conditions this mould will be found very useful. 
The occlusal surfaces will be regarded by some as medium and by others 
as smaller than medium. The buccal surfaces curve toward the median line 
in the occlusal third, which has the effect of throwing the buccal cusps toward 
the median line of the tooth. This is important in long moulds, since it 
prevents opposing buccal cusps from exerting leverage far out from the 
centre. 
MOULD 2. First Bicuspid. .Length, 10 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 7}£ mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8J2 mm.; 
mesio-distal, 6 mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 10 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact 
points, 7mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 9 mm.; mesio- 
distal, 6J& mm. 
374 Large in every dimension. 
The occlusal surfaces are skillful reproductions of the natural crowns 
which have been worn until the sharpness of youth has been removed but 
the flatness of old age has not been reached. The definitions of the several 
portions of the occlusal surfaces remain, but are well rounded down and 
present no sharp edges. For those cases, where crowns of these dimensions 
are available, these should prove very acceptable. 
MOULD 3. First Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 7 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 9^ mm.; 
mesio-distal, 6^ mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact points, 
7 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 9^ mm.; mesio-distal, 6^ 
mm. 
A thick, stocky mould, like the natural crowns seen in so many people 
of medium height and heavy frame. Such people are usually of vigorous 
habit and grind the natural teeth pretty well down by early middle life. When 
their bicuspids are to be replaced, the porcelain crowns must be of similar 
proportions to their natural teeth and of great strength. 
This mould is well suited for such cases. The occlusal surfaces are not 
large, especially in the first bicuspids. The buccal cusp of each is thrown 
well toward the center of the tooth so that any stress brought to bear on 
it shall be well supported by the roots. The margins and cusps are well 
rounded and should articulate without friction. 
MOULD 4. First Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 7 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; mesio- 
distal, 6 mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact points, 
7 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; mesio-distal, 6 mm. 
So nearly like mould 3 as to make description unnecessary save to say 
that it is smaller in every dimension. 
375 This mould is commended for use in cases where the patient is in the 
habit of using strong masticatory force. 
Its gently rounding occlusal surfaces also make it suitable for distinctly 
fat people, whose teeth are often of this formation. 
MOULD 5. First Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 6 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; 
mesio-distal, 5% mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact points, 
6mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; mesio-distal, 
mm. 
The occlusal surfaces of this mould are narrow labio-lingually. This 
effect has been secured by a marked inward curve of the buccal surfaces in 
the occlusal third. This has several advantages. It facilitates a close articula- 
tion between the upper and lower teeth. It prevents the bicuspids appearing 
prominent, especially if the cuspids are small or out of position. It throws any 
leverage placed upon the buccal cusps nearer the centre of the roots. 
The sulci in this mould are deep enough to retain food and the occlusal 
surfaces are smooth enough to articulate easily with the opposing teeth. 
MOULD 6. First Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 6 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 7 mm.; mesio- 
distal, 5 mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact points, 
6 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 7 mm.; mesio-distal, 5 
mm. 
A mould of considerable vertical length but of short root diameters, 
labio-lingually, and of small occlusal surfaces. 
It is not uncommon to find natural bicuspids which are almost round when 
cut off at the gingival margin, because the labio-lingual diameter is so short. 
It is difficult or impractical to grind a porcelain crown, which is long in this 
diameter, to fit. In such cases, this mould will be found very useful. 
When natural bicuspids of this root formation have long crowns, care 
must be taken that the porcelain crown shall be of a form which will not 
376 expose the root to too much stress. This result has been secured in this mould 
by keeping the occlusal surfaces small and rounding the cusps so that they 
shall articulate smoothly with the opposing teeth. 
MOULD 7. First Bicuspid. Length, 6^ mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 7 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; mesio- 
distal, 6^ mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 6^ mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact 
points, 7 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8^2 mm.; mesio- 
distal, 7 mm. 
A short mould vertically with root diameters larger than medium and 
well-defined occlusal surfaces of good size. 
Short moulds in porcelain crowns are very useful. A long mould cannot 
be ground for a close bite case without destroying most of its beauty of form. 
It is better to have a mould carved to proper length. 
This mould will be found very useful where rather large teeth, with short 
crowns, are to be replaced. The several parts of the occlusal faces are rounded 
so as to articulate with natural teeth which are pretty well worn. 
MOULD 8. First Bicuspid. Length 7 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 6^ mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 7^ mm.; 
mesio-distal, 5^ mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 7 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact 
points, 7 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; mesio-distal, 
6 mm. 
This mould is undoubtedly of the size which most dentists would class 
as medium. The occlusal surfaces of the first bicuspids are distinctly smaller 
than those of the second bicuspids. All of the marginal ridges are rounding. 
The sulci are of medium depth. The roots are wide enough, mesio-distally, 
to permit fitting almost any bicuspid root not over 8 mm., in the labio-lingual 
diameter. 
377 MOULD 9. First Bicuspid. Length, 9 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 7 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; 
mesio-distal, 6 mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 9 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact points, 
7 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; mesio-distal, 6 mm. 
The observer of this mould will be at once struck by the straightness of 
the buccal surface. Whereas the buccal surface in some moulds curves strong- 
ly toward the median line, in this mould the curvature is very slight, only 
enough to give the cusps proper form. The lingual surfaces are also very 
straight. 
The occlusal surfaces are medium in size and are marked by very shallow 
sulci and rounding cusps. 
Where a straight mould is called for, this mould will be found serviceable. 
It should be easy to articulate these crowns with worn natural teeth, or with 
artificial teeth. 
MOULD 10. First Bicuspid. Length, 9 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 6% mm. Root diameter as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; 
mesio-distal, 5^ mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 9 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact points, 
6|g mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; mesio-distal, 
mm. 
There are some cases in which crowns with sharp occlusal surfaces 
are not desirable. Such cases are exemplified by roots which are not firmly 
attached to the process or which are so hollowed by decay as not to be capable 
of resisting much strain. In such cases, rounding occlusal surfaces which will 
glide smoothly over the opposing surfaces are desirable. This mould has such 
surfaces. 
The crowns of this mould are more than medium long and have medium- 
sized occlusal surfaces. The sulci are very shallow and the cusps low and 
rounding. This mould should articulate well with well-worn natural teeth. 
378 MOULD 11. First Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 7^ mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 9|^ mm.; 
mesio-distal, 7 mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 8^ mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact 
points, 8 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 10 mm.; mesio-distal, 
7^ mm. 
The first bicuspids are larger than medium and the second are distinctly 
large. The occlusal surfaces are more distinctly marked than in any of the 
other large moulds, the ridge through the centre of the tooth being prominent. 
Wherever a large crown is called for and the interdental space between 
the opposing crowns permits the use of a prominent central ridge, this mould 
should prove exceptionally efficient. 
MOULD 12. First Bicuspid. Length, 8^2 nam. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 7 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 9 mm.; mesio- 
distal, 7 mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact points, 
8 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 9^ mm.; mesio-distal, 7^ 
mm. 
The occlusal surfaces of the first bicuspids are of more than medium size 
and of the second bicuspids are large. The sulci are very shallow and the 
cusps are not prominent. 
These crowns are fairly wide at the contact points, but taper markedly 
toward the palatal, so that wide interdental spaces would be left toward the 
tongue. This is important in mouths where such spaces are characteristic, and 
in fitting roots which are narrow on the palatal side. 
379 MOULD 13. First Bicuspid. Length, 7 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 7 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 7 mm., mesio- 
distal, 6 mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 7}£ mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact 
points, 7 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; mesio-distal, 
6 mm.. 
This mould is intended to replace bicuspids which may be regarded as of 
medium size, and rather square outlines when seen from the occlusal surfaces. 
The outlines of the occlusal surfaces as expressed in the marginal ridges are 
rather sharp, and the several slopes of the occlusal surfaces are well defined. 
The sulci are well defined to hold food for crushing. 
MOULD 14. First Bicuspid. Length, 6 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 6 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; mesio- 
distal, 6 mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 6 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact points, 
6 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; mesio-distal, 6 mm. 
This mould, when seen on the occlusal surfaces, appears narrow mesio- 
distally and long labio-lingually. It is also short vertically and can be used in 
many cases where the root is wide from lingual to labial but narrow mesio- 
distally and the bite is close. It is especially suitable for cases where the oppos- 
ing teeth are well worn, or where the root on which the crown is being set is 
not strong enough to withstand much stress. The several portions of the oc- 
clusal surfaces are well rounded, and the crowns should slide over opposing 
teeth without much friction. 
While the root diameters of the first and second bicuspids are alike the 
occlusal surfaces are quite diflferent in size, as will be seen from the illustra- 
tion. The second bicuspids have longer occlusal surfaces labio-lingually, than 
do the firsts. 
It is hardly necessary to say that the dentist may use these bicuspids in- 
terchangeably, as between firsts and seconds, using whichever of the two is 
more suitable for the case in hand. 
380 MOULD 15. First Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 6^ mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; 
mesio-distal, 6 mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact points, 
6^ mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingually, 8 mm.; mesio-distal, 6 
mm. 
This mould is intended for the replacement of crowns where the buccal 
surface is not quite so perpendicular as in the crowns described above, but 
inclines more toward the median line of the mouth as it proceeds from the 
gingival margin to the occlusal surfaces. That is, crowns that are not quite 
as straight as some. 
It is not uncommon to find natural teeth of this sort. If the dentist can find 
no porcelain crowns with similar curvature, it is difficult to adapt a straight 
crown so as to bring the buccal cusp into proper line. With this mould at 
hand such cases may readily be fitted. 
The lines of the occlusal surfaces are not very sharp, nor are they so 
rounding as to destroy character or efficiency. The sulci are of medium depth 
and will hold food, as the bicuspids should. The margins of the several parts 
of the occlusal surfaces are sufficiently rounding to make articulation with 
opposing teeth easy. 
MOULD 16. First Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at 
contact points, 6 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; 
mesio-distal, 5 mm. 
Second Bicuspid. Length, 8 mm. Mesio-distal diameter at contact points, 
6 mm. Root diameters as follows: Labio-lingual, 8 mm.; mesio-distal, 5 mm. 
The occlusal surfaces of this mould immediately strike the observer as 
long labio-lingually and narrow mesio-distally. They conform to the shapes 
of bicuspids of the type often spoken of as the "nervous temperament." 
The several portions of the occlusal surfaces are well defined but the 
margins round away so that the crowns should not "catch" in articulation. 
These crowns are rather long, vertically, as teeth of the nervous tem- 
perament are apt to be. They make it possible to restore crowns where 
the bite is open. 
381 MOULD GUIDE FOR VULCANITE TEETH OF THE 
DENTISTS' SUPPLY COMPANY. 
(The sample teeth comprising this guide have baked-in composition pins and are 
not suitable for use on practical cases. They are for selection purposes only.) 
Directions. Select the moulds required, either by the aid of the 
millimeter measure and the Twentieth Century Method, or by try- 
ing in the mouth, or on the case. Order by the mould numbers on 
the labial surfaces of the teeth. 
Selection for Full and Partial Cases. 
Certain moulds in this Guide have been approved by thousands 
of dentists as most suitable for full denture cases and certain other 
moulds as more suitable for special or partial cases. 
The dentist will do well to bear in mind this distinction, as it 
is fully explained below, because our teeth are supplied as far as 
possible in the forms which best comply with these quite different 
demands. That is, the moulds generally preferred for full sets are 
carried in stock as full sets, while those usually preferred as partial 
sets, are carried in stock as partials. We find we serve the pro- 
fession best in this way. 
Moulds for Full and Partial Sets. 
These are the 42 upper moulds and 12 lowers we have so long 
advocated, with the addition of upper moulds 27 and 74 and of 
lower moulds 25 and 74 to articulate with them. These moulds re- 
quire no extended descriptions, because they are familiar to thou- 
sands of dentists. The numbers are as follows: 
Upper mould 
2 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
15 
16 
Articulating lower 
39 
67 
39 
39 
67 
51 
A5 
51 
67 
A5 
67 
14 
67 
Upper mould 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
35 
36 
42 
44 
45 
47 
Articulating lower 
14 
14 
67 
39 
67 
67 
3 
39 
67 
14 
27 
103 
A5 
Upper mould 
48 
50 
51 
52 
65 
67 
68 
70 
78 
Articulating lower 
19 A50 
67 
52 
51 
67 
14 
67 
78 
Upper mould 
87 
88 
89 
90 
93 
103 
104 
27 
74 
Articulating lower 
87 
10 
67 
67 
93 
3 
103 
25 
74 
382 UPPER MOULDS FOR FULL AND PARTIAL CASES 
Mould No. 
Length of 
Central 
Approx. 
width 6 
anteriors set 
on Bonwill 
Circle 
Combined 
Bite and Shut 
of Central 
Combines 
with 
Molar mould 
Approx, 
width full 14 
set on 
Bonwill 
Circle 
52 
8% 
39 
6 
98 
94 
42 
8% 
40 
6% 
98 
95 
18 
9% 
41 
6 
98 
96 
67 
10 
40 
6% 
97 
99 
27 
10% 
40 
8% 
99 
101 
68 
9 
42 
5% 
98 
97 
17 
9 
41 
5% 
98 
96 
90 
10% 
42 
7% 
99 
104 
21 
9% 
43 
6 
55 
102 
19 
10% 
43 
6 
99 
104 
15 
9% 
42 
6 
98 
97 
16 
10 
42 
4% 
55 
103 
89 
10 
42 
7 
55 
98 
4 
10 
43 
4% 
97 
102 
51 
11 
42 
7% 
99 
104 
13 
10 
43 
7 
55 
104 
70 
9% 
44 
6% 
98 
99 
36 
9 
43 
6 
55 
102 
6 
10 
45 
5% 
99 
106 
8 
12 
45 
7% 
100 
110 
44 
8% 
45 
5% 
98 
100 
11 
10 
43 
5% 
97 
102 
20 
10 
44 
6% 
99 
105 
22 
9% 
45 
6 
97 
104 
5 
10 
44 
6% 
99 
105 
2 
io% 
45 
6% 
99 
106 
35 
10% 
45 
7% 
99 
107 
7 
io% 
45 
7% 
99 
106 
88 
10 
45 
6% 
99 
106 
65 
n 
46 
6% 
99 
107 
74 
13% 
46 
9 
A50 
104 
10 
11% 
45 
8 
100 
110 
23 
10 
45 
6 
99 
106 
103 
UK 
47 
9 
99 
108 
12 
n 
46 
6% 
99 
107 
78 
11% 
46 
7% 
100 
111 
47 
10% 
47 
6 
99 
108 
9 
10% 
45 
7% 
99 
106 
50 
13 
47 
8% 
A50 
109 
87 
11 
46 
8% 
100 
111 
45 
12 
49 
7 
100 
114 
104 
11 
48 
8% 
100 
113 
48 
9% 
48 
7 
99 
100 
93 
13 
49 
9 
93 
114 
383 UPPER MOULDS FOR PARTIAL CASES ONLY 
Mould No. 
length of 
Central 
Approximate width 
6 anteriors set on 
Bonwill Circle 
Combined 
Bite and Shut 
of Central 
91 
11 
42 
5 
40 
11 
44 
7 
38 
12 
45 
6% 
28 
11 
45 
5 
71 
io% 
42 
5% 
56 
12 
45 
8 
54 
15 
46 
13 
49 
12 
48 
7 
69 
10% 
48 
6 
101 
12 
49 
9% 
64 
12 
50 
7 
75 
9% 
50 
6 
83 
15% 
52 
13 
84 
11% 
53 
8 
Mould No. 
length 
Approximate width 
6 anteriors set up 
Combined 
Bite and Shut 
of Central 
52 
8 
32 
54 
14 
9 
32 
64 
25 
12 
33 
9 
67 
94 
33 
7 
27 
84 
34 
4 
39 
10 
34 
74 
10 
94 
35 
64 
A5 
94 
37 
74 
3 
10 
35 
6 
51 
10 
35 
8 
74 
13 
36 
9 
103 
W 
36 
74 
78 
n 
37 
7 
A50 
12 
36 
7 
87 
11 
41 
84 
93 
124 
41 
94 
19 
10 
41 
7 
LOWER MOULDS FOR FULL AND PARTIAL CASES 
Mould No. 
length 
Approximate width 
6 anteriors set up 
Combined 
Bite and Shut 
of Central 
35 
12^ 
33 
10 
23 
W 
33 
11 
33 
13^ 
34 
11 
34 
12H 
35 
10 
8 
10 
34 
7 
70 
8^ 
36 
4^ 
11 
12 
36 
8 
22 
W 
36 
10 
16 
11 
35 
8^ 
5 
11 
37 
7^ 
65 
10^ 
37 
6 
20 
16 
38 
14 
13 
14 
40 
ny2 
Al 
12 
43 
8 
18 
11 
42 
6^ 
LOWER MOULDS FOR PARTIAL CASES ONLY 
384 It is believed that these moulds meet most of the requirements 
of cases needing full dentures. Dentists who do not carry Assort- 
ments 610-710-1010 or 1210 and must order from the depot are 
advised to accept the cardings here offered so far as possible, be- 
cause dental depots generally carry the teeth carded as here shown, 
and can most promptly and satisfactorily fill orders for these card- 
ings. 
Other cardings can be had on order, but it is sometimes neces- 
sary for the depot to order them, and this causes delay. 
These moulds are, of course, furnished in partial sets for partial 
cases. 
The Anteriors for Partial Cases. 
Partial cases are laws unto themselves and often require dif- 
ferent teeth than would be selected for full dentures for the same 
person. From our long line of moulds, certain ones have been 
selected by dentists as best meeting the requirements of partial cases. 
And these moulds, uppers and lowers are here included. 
The numbers of the upper moulds are: 
91 -40-2 8-3 8-5 6-54-49-69-71-101-75-64-83-84. 
The numbers of the lower moulds are: 35-33-23-34-22-20-A1-8- 
11-16-5-65-13-18. 
No articulations between these uppers and lowers. These 
uppers and lowers are not given here as articulating, because the 
selection of anterior teeth for partial cases is governed by the widths 
of the spaces to be filled. As was said above, these special moulds 
for partial sets are included because they are preferred for this 
purpose by a great number of dentists. 
Of these lower anteriors, moulds 35-33-23-34-22-20-Al are 
made and carded as anteriors only. If they are ordered in connec- 
tion with bicuspids and molars to make full sets, it will be necessary 
for them to be carded by the depot or by us. 
Moulds 8-11 -16-5-65-13-18 can be furnished as full sets, in full 
pin teeth or as Combination Sets, on demand. 
Dentists are advised not to use these moulds for ordering full 
sets unless satisfied that none of the moulds for full sets is satis- 
factory. 
385 "Old Forms" in Bicuspids For Partial Cases. 
While it is generally accepted that the anatomical moulds in 
bicuspids and molars are superior to the "old moulds" partial den- 
ture cases occasionally require bicuspids of lengths or widths or 
thickness which cannot be found in the anatomical bicuspids. 
To meet these requirements, a line of bicuspids in the old moulds 
is included. The moulds range from the very small bicuspids in 
upper mould 42 to the very large bicuspids in mould 84, and the 
very long bicuspids of mould 93. 
By the use of these moulds, almost any requirement of practice 
may be satisfactorily met. 
The upper and lower bicuspids are not given here as articulating. 
The necessities of partial denture making compel the dentist to select 
teeth of proper size for the space, and to grind them to articula- 
tion if necessary. 
Anatomical Bicuspids and Molars. 
The bicuspids and molars suggested for full dentures are in the 
well known anatomical moulds of The Dentists' Supply Company, 
which critics in the profession generally concede to be unequalled. 
These moulds are here carded in order of width. 
While the combinations of anteriors and posteriors suggested 
above will be found satisfactory in most cases, this Mould Guide 
permits the dentist to combine such anteriors and posteriors as best 
meet the conditions of any case. 
Upper and lower bicuspids and molars of the same mould 
number should always be chosen, that is upper 55 and lower 55, and 
not upper 55 and lower 98. Upper and lower bicuspids and molars 
of the same mould number are carved to articulate, but uppers of 
one number will not articulate with lowers of another number. 
That is upper mould 55 will not articulate with lower mould 98. 
Saddleback Bicuspids and Molars. 
In certain cases, especially partial dentures, the closeness of the 
bite prohibits the use of teeth of the usual form and thickness. In 
such cases the saddleback moulds here included will be found very 
useful. Upper moulds 4 and 17, for instance are very shallow. 
Care must be taken to specify that vulcanite saddleback teeth 
are desired since we make also saddleback facings with platinum 
pins. 
386 The Use of This Mould Guide With 710-1010-1210 
Assortments. 
The dentist who has on hand one of the larger vulcanite Assort- 
ments of The Dentists' Supply Company will reap the greatest ad- 
vantages in the making of full dentures from the use of this Guide. 
For, having selected from, the sample teeth in the Guide just those 
he requires, he can at once select the teeth from his Assortment and 
proceed with the case. 
This applies with equal force to the dentist who sends his den- 
tures to the laboratory. He may improve the very unusual advan- 
tages mentioned in the next paragraph, and send just the desired 
teeth to the laboratory. In this way, he will secure the finest effects 
possible to him. 
Possibilities of Artistic Selection. 
The dentist who wishes to select teeth to produce artistic effects, 
will revel in the opportunities afforded by this Guide. 
Here, ready to his hand, are 44 upper moulds and 14 lowers for 
full cases. They represent different types, with different outlines, 
bulge, slope and labial markings. There are lap lateral moulds 
like 51 and 27, and many straight lateral moulds. 
What an opportunity this offers the dentist to change a tooth 
here and there, to put a lap lateral on one side and a straight lateral 
on the other, to change cuspids between two moulds like 19 and 90, 
and get the advantages of the slight but very real differences. 
And what an opportunity it offers the dentist to develop himself 
in artistic perception and selection. 
This changing of moulds can be best accomplished by the dentist 
who has'on hand a stock of teeth from which he can make changes 
after they have been determined upon by the use of this Guide. 
The Economics of Such Selection. 
The teeth for any vulcanite case can be selected more quickly 
and perfectly from this Vulcanite Mould Guide, than in any other 
way. The time saved over the usual methods of selection will soon 
pay for this Vulcanite Mould Guide. 
387 This use of this Guide is preferable to the use of the depot 
stock, because it simplifies selection. The teeth are here all of a 
shade so that no confusion results from seeing many shades. 
There is only one set of each mould so that selection is further 
simplified. Only the moulds most generally approved are shown, 
so distraction of attention by "extreme" moulds is avoided. 
Experience with similar Guides at our retail tooth counters 
shows that teeth may be more quickly, conveniently and satisfac- 
torily selected by means of this Guide. 
We offer other Guides of similar character in Porcelain Crowns, 
and in Facings. Information concerning these other guides will be 
furnished on request or the Guides may be ordered from your 
dealer, or direct from us if the order is accompanied by a remittance 
to the value of the Guide. 
The vulcanite moulds here shown are furnished in: 
Twentieth Century Teeth, full pin; 
Twentieth Century Combination Sets; 
Solila Teeth, full pin; 
Solila Combination Sets; 
Dentsply Teeth, full pin; 
Dentsply Combination Sets. 
388 389 GENERAL INDEX. 
A 
ANATOMICAL MOULDS, Carded with Certain Anteriors 36 
in the Assortments 49 
in the Several Forms of Teeth 49 
Plain Lower Vulcanite, Cuts and Description 125-129 
" " " Upper " " " " 71-91 
42 Upper and 13 Lower Anteriors 37 
" Sizes of 36 
What They Are For 33 
Anchorages, How They Avoid Cracking the Porcelain 54 
Articulation Chart for Assortment 610 41 
" for Assortment 1210 42 
Artificial Tooth Terms 59 
Assortments 610 (Illus.) 41 
" 710 (Illus.) 44 
" 713 (Illus.) 345-349 
" 1010 (Illus.) 45-47 
" 1210 42 
Assortments, Advantages of 39-48 
Assortments in Vulcanite Teeth 39 
B ' ' 
Baked-in Composition Pin Teeth 57 
Bicuspids and Molars with Half Cusps, Plain Vulcanite Upper 116-117 
to Shade in, and Molars 41-42 
Bonwill Circle, Setting Teeth on the, 63 
C 
Chart of Gum Vulcanite Teeth with Terms-'for Ordering, 204 
Chart, Articulating, for Assortment 610 41 
for Assortment 1210 42 
Chart, Comparative Shade 31 
" of Plain Vulcanite Teeth 70 
Combination of Anteriors and Posteriors 41-42 
Crown Assortment No. 1 (Illus.) 341-342 
Crown Assortment No. 2 (Illus.) 343-344 
Crown Assortment No. 713 (Illus.) 345-349 
Crown Assortment (Dentsply) 349 
Crown Post Facts 324-329 
Crowns, How to Select Stock of 339 
Crowns, Porcelain, Selecting and Setting 308-341 
Cuspids, Special, Moulds 302-305 
D 
Dentsply Crown Assortment No. 713 349 
Dentsply Facings, Short Moulds 247-262 
390 DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS 226-236 
" Bicuspids and Molars 293-296 
" Bicuspids and Molars (Pointed Pins) ... .285-292 
" " " Lowers 244, 300-301 
DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS, Uppers, Long Moulds, Long 
and Wide 280-284 
Medium Moulds, Me- 
dium Long and 
Narrow 269-272 
" " " " " Medium Long and 
Medium Wide ...272-275 
" " " " " Medium Long and 
Wide 275-280 
" " " " " Short Moulds, Short 
and Narrow 263-265 
" " " " " Short Moulds, Short 
and Wide 268 
Dentsply Platinum Pin Facing, Table of Uppers 237-243 
Dentsply Platinum Pin Facing, Special Cuspid Moulds 303-305 
Dentsply Pointed Pin Facings 213-220 
" Handy Facing Assortment, No. 228 217 
" " " " Mould Guide 221 
Directions for Articulating the Teeth 42 
E 
Economic Advantages of Assortments 48 
Economies in Selecting 219,335,339 
F 
FACINGS, Dentsply. See under Dentsply Facings. 
Hints Regarding Use of 226-236 
Measurement of 235-236 
Selecting by means of Dentsply Pointed Pin Facing Mould Guide 221-225 
G 
Getting Dimensions in Millimeters 22, 23 
Gum Vulcanite Moulds in Twentieth Century, Solila and Dentsply Teeth... .160-212 
Gum Vulcanite Teeth, Chart of, with Terms for Ordering 204 
H 
Handy Facing Assortment No. 228 in Dentsply Pointed Pin Facings 217 
Hints Regarding Selection of Lower Teeth 118-120 
How to Articulate Anteriors 41-43 
How to Use Tables for Tooth Measurements 25 
L 
Length of Teeth 61 
Lower Moulds, Obtaining Dimension for 120 
391 M 
Measuring Dimensions with the Millimeter 22-23 
Measuring Facings 235 
Microscopic Inspection of Teeth 53 
Mould Guide, Pointed Pin Facing 221 
Moulds, Color and Shade 320-323 
" Ordering 224 
Moulds, Gum Vulcanite, New 193 
" " " Uppers 160-165 
MOULDS, PLAIN VULCANITE, Lower 118-154 
" " " Upper, Short and Narrow 71-74 
" " " " Short and Medium Wide 74-75 
" " " " Medium Long and Narrow 75-80 
" " " " Medium Long and Medium Wide 81-89 
" " " " Long 90-91 
" " " " Table of 65-69 
Moulds, Selecting by means of the Divider 314 
O 
Obtaining Dimensions for Lower Moulds 120 
Ordering Moulds 204,224 
Outline of Teeth 63 
P 
Pins, Mechanical Advantages of Soldering in 55 
Pins, Measurement of Platinum and Composition 55 
Pins, Baked-in Composition 57 
PLATINUM, Advance in Price of 51 
How It Came to be Used for Tooth Pins 50 
Pin Facings, Lowers (Pointed Pin) 297-299 
" " " Special Cuspid Moulds 302-303 
Porcelain Crowns-How to Select and Set 308-341 
Sample Moulds 311 
R 
Rest Line 17 
Ridge-lap 24 
S 
Saddleback Bicuspid and Molars 155 
Saddleback Facings with Painted Pins, Uppers and Lowers 306-307 
Sample Moulds of Dentsply Pointed Pin Facings (Ulus.) 221 
Sections of Natural Upper Cuspids 330-331 
Sections of Upper Laterals 332-334 
Selecting by means of Dentsply Pointed Pin Facing Mould Guide 221-225 
Setting Teeth on the Bonwill Circle 63 
Shade Guide, Twentieth Century, How to Use 29-32 
Shades of Teeth 43-63 
392 SOLILA TEETH 58 
" , Gum Vulcanite Moulds in 206 
Special Cuspid Moulds 302-305 
Stock of Crowns, How to Select 339 
Strength of Teeth 60 
. T 
TEETH, Translucency of 59 
Strength of 60 
" Shades of 60 
" Moulds of 61 
Length of 61 
" Width of 62 
Thickness of 62 
Outline of 63 
Teeth, Baked-in Composition Pin 57 
" Plain Lower Vulcanite (not Anatomical) Cuts, Description 130-154 
(Anatomical Moulds) 125-129 
" Plain Vulcanite Uppers, Anatomical Moulds 71-91 
" Selection of Lower 118-120 
" Setting on the Bonwill Circle 63 
" Solila 58 
Thickness of Teeth 62 
To Shade in Bicuspids and Molars 41-42 
TWENTIETH CENTURY CROWNS 372 
Arranged Numerically and by Sizes 350-352 
" " " Assortment No. 713 349 
" " " Bicuspids 374-381 
TWENTIETH CENTURY CROWNS, Upper Anteriors, Short 353-360 
" " " " Long 368-374 
" Lower Anteriors 372 
Method of Selecting Teeth 17-30 
Principle, How It Came to be Used in Tooth 
Making 50-57 
Shade Guide 32 
" " " " How to Use 29 
Vulcanite Teeth, Gum Lowers 206-212 
" " " " " " Tables 205 
" " " " Gum Uppers 166-193-198-204 
" " " " Plain Lowers in 6's 155 
Plain Vulcanite, Upper, 
Cuts and Description 
(not Anatomical) 92-116 
" " " " Plain Upper Vulcanite, 
Anatomical Moulds ... 71-91 
V 
Vulcanite Gum Moulds 160 
Vulcanite Teeth, Gum Uppers 166-19 
Vulcanite Teeth, Table of Plain Vulcanite Upper Moulds 65-69 
W 
Width of Teeth 62 
393 PORCELAIN TOOTH PRODUCTS OF THE 
DENTISTS' SUPPLY COMPANY. 
Twentieth Century Teeth-Plain Vulcanite 
(Twentieth Century Porcelain-soldered pins throughout) 
Twentieth Century Combination Sets 
(Twentieth Century Anteriors-pinless backs) 
Twentieth Century Teeth-Gum Vulcanite 
(Twentieth Century Porcelain-soldered pins throughout) 
Solila Teeth-Plain Vulcanite 
(Twentieth Century Porcelain, reinforced gold pins, gold sold- 
ered to platinum anchorages) 
Solila Combination Sets-Plain Vulcanite 
(Twentieth Century Porcelain-gold pin anteriors-pinless 
backs) 
Solila Teeth-Gum Vulcanite 
(Gold pins throughout) 
Dentsply Platinum Pin Teeth-Plain Vulcanite 
(Twentieth Century Porcelain-Platinum pins throughout) 
Dentsply Combination Sets-Plain Vulcanite 
(Twentieth Century Porcelain-platinum pin anteriors-pinless 
backs) 
Dentsply Platinum Pin Teeth-Gum Vulcanite 
(Twentieth Century Porcelain-platinum pins throughout) 
Dentsply Combination Sets-Gum Vulcanite 
(Twentieth Century Porcelain-platinum pin anteriors-pinless 
backs) 
Dentsply Diatoric Teeth-Plain Vulcanite 
Dentsply Diatoric Teeth-Gum Vulcanite 
Dentsply Platinum Pin Facings 
(Twentieth Century Porcelain-long pins, pointed or blunt) 
Twentieth Century Crowns 
(Twentieth Century Porcelain-fixed posts) 
Dentsply Crowns 
(Twentieth Century Porcelain-detached posts) 
Solila Crowns, with Fixed Posts 
(Reinforced pure gold posts, gold soldered to platinum anchor- 
ages) 
394 INDEX TO TABLES. 
PAGE 
PLAIN VULCANITE MOULDS, UPPERS, With Anatomical Bicuspids 
and Molars 65-66 
" " " Not Regularly Comprising 
Anatomical Bicuspids and 
Molars 66-67 
Arranged Numerically .... 68-69 
PLAIN VULCANITE MOULDS, LOWERS, Comprising Anatomical Bi- 
cuspids and Molars 121-122 
" " " " Arranged Numerically ....123-124 
PLAIN LOWER MOULDS IN 6's, Anteriors Only 124 
GUM VULCANITE MOULDS, UPPERS, Arranged Numerically 162-165 
" " " " Gum Uppers, 4's Front 198 
GUM VULCANITE MOULDS, LOWERS, Arranged Numerically 205 
" " " " Arranged by Size 205 
DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS, UPPERS, Arranged Numeri- 
cally, in Tables 
of 6's showing 
centrals, laterals 
and cuspids ....237-239 
" " " " " Arranged by Size.240-243 
DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS, LOWERS, Arranged Numeri- 
cally 244 
" " " " " Arranged by Size. 244 
DENTSPLY PLATINUM PIN FACINGS, BICUSPIDS AND MOLARS, 
Arranged by Size 245 
CUSPIDS IN PAIRS, Dimensions in Millimeters 246 
TWENTIETH CENTURY CROWNS, Arranged Numerically 351 
TWENTIETH CENTURY CROWNS, Arranged by Size 351-352 
TWENTIETH CENTURY CROWNS, BICUSPIDS, Arranged Numeri- 
cally 372 
395