*\Aunt'Selles 
BABY BOOK jlunt Selle's 
BABY BOOK ylunt "Belle's 
BABY BOOK 
PUBLISHED BY 
Th^ M^nn^n ^ompflnv 
n^wARK. n.J. u sa Copyright, 1921 
THE MENNEN COMPANY 
Newark, N. J. CONTENTS 
PAGE 
Preface v 
Aunt Belle's Question Form vi 
Letter One 
Preparing for the Baby I 
Letter Two 
The Nursery and Its Furnishings 5 
Letter Three 
The Babies' First Month 8 
Letter Four 
The Babies' Second Month 13 
Letter Five 
The Babies' Third Month 19 
Schedule for a Young Baby's Day 23 
Letter Six 
The Babies' Fourth and Fifth Months 24 
Letter Seven 
The Babies' Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Months 28 
Letter Eight 
The Babies' Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, and Twelfth 
Months 32 
Letter Nine 
The Babies from One Year to Eighteen Months 36 
III Letter Ten pagb 
The Babies from Eighteen to Twenty-four Months. ... 40 
Letter Eleven 
The Babies at Two Years of Age 44 
Aunt Belle's Comfort Alphabet or First Aid for the 
Babies 50 
The Mother's Emergency Box 56 
Mennen Products 57 
Mennen Borated Talcum Powder 58 
Mennen Kora-Konia 60 
Mennen Scented Talcum 62 
Mennen Talcum for Men 62 
Mennen Cream Dentifrice 63 
Mennen Tar Shampoo 64 
Mennen Cold Cream 64 
Mennen Borated Skin Soap 65 
Index 67 
IV PREFACE 
J_£ER niece, Mary, found Aunt Belle's let- 
ters about babies so very helpful that 
they have been made into a book for the use 
of other mothers who need simple help in the 
nursery. 
Aunt Belle has made the study of babies 
her life-work. All through the war, when 
extra help was so much needed, she assisted 
the doctors and nurses in a very large hospital 
for babies. Then she went abroad and helped 
take care of the little, neglected children of 
France. Thus she has had a great deal of 
valuable experience in taking care of babies, both sick and well. 
Aunt Belle loves babies so much that she is always delighted 
to receive letters from their mothers, telling about them and 
their little problems. 
She has, however, endeavored in her book to present all that 
she knows about babies, so that, if a careful reading of the book 
and reference to the index fail to give you just the information you 
need, it would probably be advisable to consult your physician. 
Whether you seek advice from Aunt Belle or a physician, 
you will find it very helpful to have available the information 
suggested by the question form on the following page. 
We hope sincerely that this little book will prove a real 
friend and guide to mothers during the trying though wonderful 
experience of bringing up a baby, and that Aunt Belle may add 
to her already large family many thousands of healthy, happy 
nieces and nephews, 
V Aunt Belle's Question Form 
Date 
Baby's name. 
Baby's present age. 
Mother's name. 
Mother's full address. 
How is the baby fed: breast or bottle?. 
How often is the baby fed by day and by night? 
If a bottle is used, what food is given in the bottle, just how is it prepared, 
how much at one time, and how often is it given? 
What was baby's weight at birth? 
How much is he gaining each 
week now and what is his present weight? 
Are the baby's bowels in good condition? 
Does the baby vomit? 
What clothing does the baby wear?. 
Does the baby have colic? 
How much fresh air does the baby have?. 
Does the baby sleep well? 
Describe anything about the baby that does not seem normal 
Ask any questions about the baby that you may wish 
Aunt Belle recommends all the Mennen products, because she has used 
them herself and in her family for many years. She has seen how com- 
forting they can be to hundreds of little babies, both in this country and in 
Europe. The ingredients in all the articles made by The Mennen Company 
are the very best obtainable, hence they are absolutely safe for the most 
delicate skin of a baby, and "Safety First" should always be the rule when 
dealing with babies. 
VI feller One 
Preparing for the Baby 
My dearest Mary: 
You cannot imagine how pleased I am to hear your good 
news: You and John have been so happy together that the 
coming of the little new life into your home will be the one 
thing necessary to make life perfect for you both. 
You ask me to help you about preparing the layette and 
also about fitting up your nursery, so I am going to give you 
as many hints as I can in this letter. I am so glad that I took 
such a fine course in Mothercraft at the University, for now 
you shall have the benefit of all I learned there. As you know, 
I am still helping as a volunteer in one of the largest clinics for 
babies. I enjoy the work so much I simply cannot give up my 
"war job," and the doctors say they still need me and let me 
work with them side by side. I think this has been the most 
satisfactory piece of war work the average woman has taken 
up, for the experience in caring for babies, both sick and well, 
can never come amiss. Our Chief often says that to keep a 
baby well is far more important than to cure one when ill, 
and requires as much, if not more, skill. So I shall write to 
you very often, and together I think we shall be able to have 
a very normal little tot to take care of. It will bring back the 
days when my own babies were little. 
Now about the layette: Sensible mothers in these days do 
not wear themselves out in preparing dozens of garments elab- 
orately embroidered, as was the custom some years back. You 
will probably want to make the dresses, petticoats, and night- 
dresses yourself, as you can do so with less expense than if you 
bought these. The diapers will only need hemming, and you 
may want to knit the little sacks and bootees yourself, too. 
The bands, shirts, and stockings you will no doubt wish to buy. 
Get the second size, and only four of each, as they will be so 
soon outgrown and the seasons change so fast. As your baby 
is expected in June, get light-weight silk or cotton-and-wool; 
one-fourth wool will do for the summer baby, while for winter 
1 you will need at least half-wool. All-wool garments shrink too 
much to be of any practical use in these times when everything 
is so high. 
There are many sets of good patterns for layettes. Some of 
the best are gotten up by The Ladies' Home Journal, Butterick 
Company, The Pictorial Review, McCall's, and the Home Pat- 
tern Company. The number of yards needed for the different 
garments is given with each set of patterns. Have your mate- 
rial as fine and dainty as you can afford, neatly sewed and very 
little trimming. A few garments with wool in them are lighter 
and much warmer than many of heavy cotton. Even in sum- 
mer the little new baby needs some small amount of wool, 
especially over the abdomen and legs. No baby who is cold 
can digest its food properly. The flannel for the first bands 
should be torn into strips six to eight inches wide and twenty 
inches long; they may be pinked on the edges, but not hemmed. 
They are used only four to six weeks, and then the silk-and-wool 
ribbed-knit bands with shoulder-straps and tabs onto which 
the diaper is pinned are to be substituted. The cumbersome 
pinning blankets or barrow-coats are no longer used. 
The flannel skirts should be made on a cotton waist for 
summer or woolen waist for winter. They should be fastened 
on the shoulder and fit snugly but not tight. If they are very 
loose they will wrinkle; if too tight they will be very uncom- 
fortable. You may make two or three white lawn skirts for 
dress-up occasions, too, if you want them, but they are not 
an essential. 
The little dresses should be very fine but plain, simply 
gathered into a band at neck and wrist, and not more than 
twenty-six inches long. A little fine lace or simply feather- 
stitching on the neck and wrist-bands makes a good finish. 
The night-dresses should button in front and be made of 
outing flannel, as this is cotton and usually not too warm for 
the very young infant's first summer. In winter at least some 
wool should be in the night-dresses. The diapers should be of 
cotton bird's-eye and made in two sizes: two dozen, eighteen 
inches wide by thirty-six inches long; and three dozen, twenty- 
two inches wide by forty-four inches long. 
For a summer baby the coat may be made from some light- 
weight material like cashmere, or some silk-and-wool material, 
and may be used even in the fall with a warm lining under it 
until it is time for the heavier winter coat. The cap should be 
2 of soft silk or Swiss and may have a thin silk lining if the weather 
is at all cool when the baby first goes out. Here is the complete 
list of essentials in the clothing line for the new baby. You 
may add as many more as you like, and will probably have 
many little gifts, too. 
4 abdominal bands of flannel. 
4 ribbed-knit silk or cotton-and-wool 
bands, with shoulder-straps and 
tabs. 
4 silk or cotton-and-wool shirts but- 
toning down the front. 
4 pairs of knit bootees. 
4 pairs of light-weight merino stock- 
ings. 
4 to 5 flannel petticoats. 
2 or 3 white cotton petticoats, if 
wanted. 
4 outing flannel night-dresses. 
6 to 8 dresses or slips. 
2 flannel or knit sacks. 
5 dozen diapers, in two sizes. 
I coat. 
I cap. 
2 afghans or flannel squares. 
If you want to spend a little more, there is an excellent set 
of baby garments which fasten with soft tapes, no buttons, 
pins, or sewing being required. 
In this letter I will also tell you about the baby basket or 
hamper, and then I really must stop for this time and leave 
the nursery for my next letter. 
An untrimmed basket is best, one large enough to hold 
the essentials for baby's toilet and small enough to be carried 
about easily. In this basket you should have the following 
articles: 
Two dozen safety-pins of assorted sizes. 
Threaded needles for sewing on the first 
bands. 
One soft brush and fine comb. 
A small box of sterilized gauze. 
A small box of absorbent cotton. 
Some clean, old linen. 
A pair of small scissors with rounded 
ends. 
One small box of wooden toothpicks. 
Four baby towels of fine, soft linen or 
cotton bird's-eye. 
3 Four cheesecloth wash-cloths. 
A cake of Mennen Borated Skin Soap. 
A box of Mennen Borated Talcum Powder. 
A box of Mennen Kora-Konia. 
One tube of Mennen Cold Cream. 
One tube of white vaseline. 
A thermometer for testing the bath water. 
A bottle of saturated solution of boric acid. 
A bath apron of flannel for mother or nurse, a white eider- 
down square 1^2 yards long for receiving the new baby, and 
a hot-water bag with flannel cover should be close at hand or 
laid on top of the basket or hamper. 
The other nursery essentials I will describe in my next 
letter. 
Do not sew too long or get tired, my dear girl; it does not 
pay. Do a little each day and be out-of-doors all you can 
the rest of the time. 
4 Reiter Two 
Hie Nursery and Its Furnishings 
My dear Mary: 
In this letter I shall try to tell you all about the essential 
points of a model nursery. I know you and John will have 
lots of fun in fitting up your nursery, for he is handy with 
tools and can make many little things himself, thus saving 
expense. 
An ideal nursery should be up-stairs, not on the ground 
floor, where there may be more or less dampness. It should 
have windows on opposite sides of the room, as it must be simply 
flooded with fresh air and sunshine. If you have a room with 
southwestern exposure, this is best of all. An open fireplace 
in a nursery is much prized, as it insures good ventilation and 
also is invaluable for extra warmth on cool mornings and evenings 
when baby is bathed. An open Franklin stove is a good substitute 
if you have no fireplace. I do not know how your house is 
heated, but furnace heat is to be preferred to steam or hot- 
water heat, as this gives a circulation of moist, fresh air. 
Oil stoves and gas stoves are not to be used in a nursery if they 
can be avoided. Electric stoves help some for extra warmth. 
Keep a pan of water on top of your stove or radiator, if you 
have one in the nursery. Surround the fire or stove with a 
good wire screen. 
The windows in your nursery should have wire screens 
in summer and a window-board or ventilator in cooler weather. 
Muslin window-screens make good ventilators, or simply a 
board with holes in it may be used. There should be bars 
on the outside to prevent accidents when the baby gets a little 
older. Green window-shades are all that is really needed, 
but, if you like, you may have some simple sash window-cur- 
tains of scrim or Swiss. No ruffles, or anything of the sort to 
catch dust and make laundering harder, should be used. 
Your nursery walls should be painted with a good, wash- 
able paint; buff or green (no arsenic to be used in the paint) 
is a good color for baby's eyes, or you may get a washable 
5 nursery wall-paper, with border of Mother Goose pictures or 
Kate Greenaway figures, if you prefer. Pictures in frames 
hung on the wall catch dust and are not very sanitary. 
Your nursery floor may be of wood painted or stained buff 
or yellow, or else use a good grade of linoleum. The latter 
may be obtained with pictures on it if you care to go to this 
expense. In any case, the floor must be wiped up daily with 
a damp cloth or mop to keep it free from dust, so do not have 
a carpet in your nursery. Washable rugs are cheap and may 
be held down by thumb-tacks, if you want rugs at all. They 
must be frequently taken up and beaten out-of-doors and 
washed occasionally, too. 
The baby's crib may be simply a clothes-basket on a stand 
which John can easily make. This will do for the first few 
weeks, when a regular metal crib should be bought. I do not 
advocate the use of expensive, trimmed-up bassinets for people 
in moderate circumstances, at least, as these are outgrown 
so soon and are dust-catchers. When you select your perma- 
nent crib see that it has a firm wire spring, that the bars are 
near enough together so the baby's head cannot be caught 
between them, and that at least one side of the crib can be let 
down easily. If you feel you want to buy a bassinet, get one 
on wheels, as this may be used later on for the baby's nap out- 
of-doors, and can be easily pushed about from place to place. 
The basket or crib should be furnished with a heavy piece of 
table padding or army blanket folded to fit the bottom of the 
bed; later on this may be replaced by a firm hair mattress. 
Never use feathers for a baby. On top of this pad or blanket 
place a piece of rubber sheeting or table oilcloth, next a fine 
cotton sheet, well tucked in, on top of this a crib pad, next 
another cotton sheet, then a pair of really good wool crib blankets, 
then a light cotton spread. At the foot of the crib have a 
light lamb's-wool or down comfortable in a washable case if 
possible; this to be used for extra warmth on cold nights. 
Heavy cotton comfortables are 
not advisable; it would be better 
to use an extra blanket or knit 
afghan rather than one of these. 
You should provide about one 
dozen sheets and later on the same 
number of pillow-cases. Babies 
under one year sleep better with- 
6 out a pillow; a folded napkin may be placed under the little 
head if you like. When a pillow is used get a thin hair one, 
never down or feathers, which heat a baby's head too much. Four 
to six pads for the crib should be on hand, too. While the baby 
is young, or in cool weather, pads fastened around the sides of the 
metal crib keep off drafts and may be easily removed to wash. 
Your other nursery furniture should be white enamel or 
some washable wood, and should consist of a chiffonier for the 
baby's clothes, a low chair without arms for the mother, two 
tables, one of which is a low one, a large screen with washable 
covers, and as the baby grows older a little low chair (no rockers) 
for his use when playing at the low table. Other articles may be 
added from time to time as he grows older. A box for diapers and 
another for toys are useful. A small clothes-horse for warming 
baby's clothes (not drying diapers) before the fire is often liked. 
The baby's scales are very important, and it is worth while 
to get some good make, with weights, that can be used through- 
out the child's life and not simply for a few months of baby- 
hood. If the scales have a platform, a basket may be used 
on this while the baby is small. 
The bathtub is best of rubber and may be on a stand or 
else the kind that fits over a regular set bathtub, if your bath- 
room is close to the nursery and warm enough for baby's bath 
there. If you do not want to buy a rubber tub, then get a 
papier-mache one, or even a tin one will do, if you use a piece 
of flannel or old blanket in it while the baby is very young. 
Bathtubs without stands must be placed on a table when the 
baby takes his bath, never on the floor. 
You will also need a covered pail for soiled diapers, a wash- 
basin, and two pitchers, if baby is to be bathed in the nursery. 
A room thermometer is an essential and should be hung at the 
level of the baby's head when in his crib. The temperature of 
the nursery in the day time should be 68° F. to 700 F. while 
the baby is young and about 500 F. at night. When the bath 
is being given the room should be 720 F. 
Do not be dismayed at the list of articles you have to buy 
for your nursery, Mary dear; get the articles little by little, 
and make whatever you can at home and it will not be so very 
expensive after all. 
This is quite a long letter, and now I shall have to stop, for 
you will have plenty to think about until I write again, and I shall 
be so interested to hear just what you buy from time to time. 
7 ^etierTTiree 
7he Babies Fir^i Month 
My dearest Niece: 
My telegram has already told you how delighted I am at 
the arrival of your two darling babies. The twins were indeed 
a surprise to all of us, although John says, in his long letter, 
that you and the doctor had suspected them for some weeks. 
It is splendid to have both a boy and girl baby at the same 
time, and such healthy youngsters as yours evidently are! John 
asks me about the form of birth announcement to send out: 
The best kind is simply a visiting card of the parents with a 
tiny card of the baby's tied to one corner with a narrow white 
ribbon. In the case of twins, you may have two little cards 
or else both babies' names on the same card. Be sure to have 
their birth registered or ask your doctor to do so, as this is 
most important. 
I am glad you are going to name them after their parents, 
and think "Jack" and "Polly" are very pretty names while 
they are little. Jack should have pink for his color and little 
Polly have blue. You will have to buy more clothing soon, I 
am sure, but you can get very nice layettes ready-made when 
it is necessary to do so, and you can easily get another clothes- 
basket bed until later on when they will each need a crib. If 
no one has time to hem a lot more diapers, these may be gotten 
ready-hemmed also, but cost a little more. 
Your nurse and doctor have taken such good care of you 
and the babies that they will have a good start in life, and 
this means everything to a baby. I am so glad the antiseptic 
drops were used in their eyes right away, for while there may 
not be any infection present in every case, it is too great a risk 
to run, and may save the baby from being blind. In many 
states the law requires this precaution. 
I am also delighted to hear that there was no trouble with 
the navel cords. If they are kept dry with a dressing of Men- 
nen's Kora-Konia, and wrapped in sterilized gauze until they 
drop off naturally at about the end of a week, there is no trouble 
8 later on. The Kora-Konia is a combination of ingredients that 
are drying, antiseptic, antacid, and soothing, so altogether it 
makes a perfect dressing for the cord of new-born babies. Your 
doctor and nurse must have been pleased to find you had a 
supply on hand. John writes this is the first thing the nurse 
asked for when she was giving the babies their bath. You 
will find it invaluable later on to prevent or cure chafing and 
diaper rash. 
You are very fortunate, my dear, to be able to nurse your 
babies, at least partly. Mother's milk is the one perfect food 
for babies. As you have twins, there is no wonder that you 
cannot nurse both babies entirely, but by giving each baby the 
breast at one meal and a bottle of correctly modified milk at 
the next meal, they will get along nicely and it will not be too 
much for you. 
John writes the babies are fed every three hours up to 6 P.M., 
then at io p.m. and 2 A.M. This is right for the present and 
just the way we do at the hospital. Being absolutely regular 
as to meal time is essential to the health of a baby. If they 
are asleep at feeding time it is better to wake them at first, and 
very soon they will wake themselves like little alarm-clocks. 
While Jack is nursed, Polly may be taking her bottle, and vice 
versa. Even with one baby it is often advisable to give one 
bottle of modified milk in the twenty-four hours. This accus- 
toms the baby to taking a bottle and prepares the way for 
weaning should it become necessary. It also gives the mother 
needed rest and time for occasional recreation. 
I am sure your diet is being properly regulated; do not 
try to take large quantities of milk or other fluids; take your 
regular meals and a bowl of yellow cornmeal or oatmeal gruel 
at bedtime. Foods that agree with you are not apt to upset 
the babies. A little tea or coffee will not harm you, but milk 
and cocoa are to be preferred. It is no longer thought neces- 
sary for a nursing mother to abstain from eating green vege- 
tables and fruits; in fact, they are very useful in keeping the 
bowels open, a very essential point for both mother and baby. 
Simple, nourishing meals and plenty of water between meals 
makes the best diet for a nursing mother. 
I know you will be a sensible little mother, Mary, and not 
let things worry you too much. The nervous and mental con- 
dition of a mother, especially just after her nurse leaves, has 
more bearing on her supply of milk than almost anything else. 
9 Try to get eight hours sleep at night, lie down in the day time, 
while the babies are asleep, for an hour if possible, and go out 
every day for a walk as soon as you feel strong enough, or take 
a ride in the street car or a short drive for the first few weeks. 
All these little points are necessary for both you and the babies. 
I like the formulas you are using for modified milk for the 
bottle meals. They are practically the same as we use at 
our babies' clinic and very similar to those advised by Dr. 
L. E. Holt; It should take a baby twenty minutes to finish 
a breast or bottle meal. As Polly is the smaller and more 
delicate baby, it is an excellent plan to give her the four breast 
meals and three bottles while Jack has the four bottles and 
three breast feedings. Your nurse seems to have a lot of 
common sense. 
The formula we give our normal babies at the hospital 
during their first month consists at first of six ounces of Certified 
whole milk, fourteen ounces of boiled water, three level table- 
spoonfuls of milk or malt sugar, or else two level tablespoonfuls 
of cane sugar. Usually we increase this about once each week 
by adding half an ounce more milk and subtracting half an 
ounce of water. Generally we begin with ounces of the 
formula in each one of seven bottles, if the baby is to be entirely 
bottle-fed, and work up gradually to four ounces in each bottle 
by the time the baby is one pionth old. 
The strength of the food and the quantity given are increased 
on different days, so no upsetting results. By the end of the 
first month the average baby takes twelve ounces of whole 
milk, eighteen ounces of boiled water, 4^ tablespoonfuls of milk 
or malt sugar, or three level tablespoonfuls of cane sugar, four 
ounces in each one of seven bottles. 
For twin babies you will have to make up seven bottles, 
too, so this same formula may be used, if your doctor approves, 
by the time your babies are a month old. 
In preparing the food formulas it is best to boil the water 
for five minutes first. Measure it and add the sugar required 
in the special formula to the water while it is hot. Then strain 
this solution through cheesecloth, and when it is perfectly 
cold add the cold, raw Certified milk to it. Mix the solution 
well and pour the required number of ounces into each one of 
seven bottles. Cork with non-absorbent cotton that has first 
been sterilized by baking a little in the oven, or else use regular 
corks and boil these every day, but be very careful no little 
10 pieces of cork get into the bottles of milk, for much harm may 
be done by the baby's swallowing these. 
After the bottles of prepared food are corked they should be 
placed in the wire rack and the rack placed close to the ice until 
meal time. When feeding time comes stand one bottle in hot wa- 
ter until the food, is 98° F. to 990 F. or blood heat. Test the food 
by dropping a few drops on your wrist, over your pulse. Never 
put the rubber nipple in your own mouth. 
Next time I will tell you all about the special care of bottles 
and nipples. 
Just a few words about your milk supply, Mary: It is most 
important that this should be absolutely pure. It should come 
from a herd of tuberculin-tested grade cows that are kept under 
perfect sanitary conditions and milked by clean milkers into 
sterilized pails, cooled and strained at once, and bottled in ster- 
ilized bottles at the farm. Never use loose or canned milk for 
babies. As soon as the milk is delivered at your house, it must 
be put at once in the ice-box and never left standing on a hot 
door-step or in a hot kitchen. It must be kept capped, as it 
was when bottled at the farm, until it is time to prepare the 
milk for the babies. 
In many large cities it is possible to obtain Certified milk. 
This is perfectly clean, raw milk, produced under the inspection 
of medical authorities, and is the best of all milk for babies. 
It is more expensive but many times worth its extra price. 
It does not need to be boiled or pasteurized, simply modified 
with water, gruel, or whatever the doctor may direct. 
If it is not possible to obtain this raw Certified milk, then 
it is usually wiser to pasteurize milk for young babies, and 
for older babies, too, in summer time. It is wiser to buy a regular 
pasteurizer for this prupose, but if one cannot afford this, the 
Government book, "Infant Care," advises that home pasteur- 
izing shall be done in the following manner: 
"Put a gallon of water (four quarts) on the stove in a kettle. 
When the water is boiling hard, remove the kettle from the 
stove to a table and allow it to stand uncovered for ten min- 
utes; then put the filled and loosely corked bottles into the 
water, cover the kettle, and allow it to stand covered for half 
an hour. At the end of this time remove the bottles, cool 
rapidly under running water, and put in the ice-box until needed. 
Do not uncork the bottle from the time it is first closed until 
the baby is to be fed. " 
11 The wire bottle-rack will keep the bottles steady and pre- 
vent them from tipping over while in the pasteurizing kettle. 
Bottles are not apt to break during the process if they have 
been boiled when they were first bought. 
Some physicians like to give boiled milk in feeding infants, 
in which case the milk may be poured into a perfectly clean 
saucepan and boiled for three minutes or as long as the doctor 
may direct, modified and then poured into sterilized bottles, 
corked, and cooled rapidly. 
Do you realize, Mary, that little Jack's weight and length 
are the average for a normal baby? Birth weight for boys is 
7^2 pounds, length 20^2 inches; girls weigh and measure a 
fraction less, as a rule. In the case of little Polly, it is perfectly 
natural for her to be a pound or even more lighter than Jack, 
for she is a twin, and twins generally are smaller than a single 
baby. Do not worry if they have lost some the first week, for 
this is perfectly natural, too; the normal baby usually regains 
his birth weight in ten days or so, and then gains steadily every 
week after that, from four to six ounces, usually the first six 
months, and after that more slowly. Too rapid gain in weight 
is not to be desired, and no gain at all demands the attention 
of the doctor. 
When your good nurse goes, I shall write you again, for I 
know you will miss her at first. You may depend on me to 
help you all I possibly can. As you think of any questions 
you would like to ask me, just jot them down on a piece of 
paper, and send me the collection as often as you like. I am 
perfectly sure you will get along famously, so do not worry, dear. 
12 JJiier Jour 
KeBabies Second Month 
Dear Mary: 
As you now have full charge of those precious babies, I will 
begin this letter by telling you how to take care of their bottles 
and nipples, for this is of the greatest importance. Your enamel- 
topped table with its electric stove, shelf above for bottles, etc., 
and drawer for towels and other small articles is an ideal ar- 
rangement for the babies' diet kitchen. A small gas stove or 
a sterno outfit is often used if no electricity is at hand. I suppose 
you already have the following list of articles for preparing the 
food-have you not? Twelve nursing-bottles, six black rubber 
nipples, a good bottle-brush, a graduated measuring-glass, a two- 
quart pitcher, a strainer, a glass or enamel funnel, a tablespoon, 
a kettle for sterilizing the bottles, and two glass jars for your 
cotton and sugar, a bottle-rack, a bottle-warmer or quart 
measure. Your bathroom being so close at hand, you can give 
the bottles and nipples their first washing there and get all 
the fresh water you need easily. A little later you will need 
a double boiler for making gruels. 
Your bottles should at present hold six ounces and be the 
kind that have a short but fairly wide neck with ounces clearly 
marked on the sides. These are easy to clean. Later on you 
will need eight-ounce bottles, but they are rather clumsy for a 
tiny baby at first. 
As soon as a baby has emptied the bottle, rinse it at once 
with cold water, and let it stand filled with cold water and a 
pinch of bicarbonate of soda until all the day's supply of bottles 
have been used. When all are collected, scrub them with the 
bottle-brush, using hot water and soapsuds, rinse very thoroughly, 
and turn them upside down in the bottle-rack to drain. A short 
time before you are ready to prepare the formula put all the 
bottles in a kettle of water, boil for fifteen minutes, and stand 
them again in the rack upside down until you have the food 
ready to pour into them. 
The nipples should be of good black rubber and conical in 
13 shape. They should have one small hole, which you may make 
at home from "blind nipples'' with a cambric needle heated in 
the flame or else buy all made. They should not have any 
rough devices on the inside to prevent collapse, etc., as these 
are so hard to keep clean. Under no circumstances use nipples 
attached to long rubber tubes, as these are impossible to keep 
clean. When the bottle of food is inverted the food should 
drop rapidly but not run in a steady stream. As soon as the 
baby has finished a meal the nipple should be at once rinsed 
in cold water very thoroughly and placed in a covered jar of 
boric-acid solution. Once daily all the nipples should be turned 
inside out and thoroughly scrubbed with hot water and soap- 
suds, rinsed well, and put back in a fresh solution of boric acid, 
(a level teaspoonful of boric acid to one pint of boiled water). 
New nipples should be boiled, but boiling every day soon renders 
them too soft to use. If they are kept clean right along, the 
frequent boiling is not really necessary. No one brand of rubber 
nipples is always satisfactory; you will have to keep trying 
them until you get good ones. They will collapse sometimes, 
in any case, and you should have extra ones always on hand. 
If you can have a nursery ice-box up-stairs it will save you 
lots of steps and time. It must be kept scrupulously clean and 
the bottles must stand close to the ice. This is often impos- 
sible to manage in the family refrigerator, and the milk is con- 
sequently not kept cold enough. 
If you can, take the baby up on your arm while you give 
the bottle, except possibly at night, when this is hard to manage. 
Do not let him sleep while taking a meal; keep him at work 
until it is finished-from fifteen to twenty minutes is the right 
time to allow. Use a knit or flannel bag to cover the bottle 
while the food is being consumed; cold food often causes colic. 
Never warm over any food that is left; if the baby does not take 
it all after twenty minutes, throw what remains away; he will 
probably be more ready to take his next meal. 
The formulas many doctors advocate for this second month 
of life consist of: Thirteen ounces of whole milk, seventeen 
ounces of boiled water, 4^ level tablespoonfuls of milk or malt 
sugar or three level tablespoonfuls of cane sugar-four ounces 
of this in each one of seven bottles. This is used for about two 
weeks, and then very often a gradual increase is needed. 
Fourteen ounces of whole milk to 17^2 ounces of boiled 
water; with the sugar the same, but 4X ounces of this formula 
14 are given in each one of seven bottles. I think what you are 
now giving the twins is practically the same as this. No set 
rules or formulas that will suit every baby can be given. Each 
baby differs somewhat and must be fed according to his weight, 
age, and digestive capacity. 
If your babies are gaining from four to six ounces each 
week, have one or two smooth, yellow bowel movements each 
day, do not vomit, and seldom have gas or colic, they are doing 
very well and all you can expect them to do. Their food is 
surely agreeing with them. 
You write that you want me to tell you exactly how it is 
best to give a young baby a bath, in order to see if you are 
doing all right in this respect. To give a baby a bath properly 
usually takes about twenty minutes. There are two ways of 
managing a baby's bath, one is to bathe him on a table and 
the other is the lap bath. You may do either way most con- 
venient to you, but always remember that the most essential 
thing is to keep the baby warm while the bath is being given. 
Every healthy baby should have a tub bath each morning 
of his life and be undressed and have a sponge bath each even- 
ing before he goes to bed at 6 p.m. At least one hour after a 
meal is the right time to bathe a baby. The temperature of 
the nursery should be 720 F.; the temperature of the bath water 
from 98° to 990 while the baby is small. In cool weather bathe 
before an open fire or heater if possible. Use a screen around 
you and baby to keep off all possible drafts. Use a bath ther- 
mometer, always, to test the temperature of the water. Have 
a basin of warm water, a tub of water a little warmer than that 
in the basin, two pitchers for hot and cold water, a low table 
with the toilet basket and its contents, a rack with one set of 
baby's clothes warming before the fire, and if you are going 
to give a table bath have a table with pad and bathing apron 
or blanket on it, or if not, then have a low chair without arms, 
and fasten the bathing apron on yourself with a towel over it, 
pushed aside, before you take the baby up. After baby is 
undressed wrap him carefully in the bath apron, leaving one 
corner open so you can get your hand underneath. First 
wash his face with clear water from the basin, using a cheese- 
cloth wash-cloth, never a sponge, dry the face with a soft towel, 
and put a little of Mennen Borated Skin Soap on the wash- 
cloth; wash the scalp thoroughly, being careful not to get soap 
into the eyes; rinse and dry the scalp. Now use the same 
15 soap on the wash-cloth again, 
and with the hand under the 
bath apron gently bathe the 
entire little body, taking out 
one little arm and leg at a 
time, washing it, and putting 
it back again. Roll the baby 
over so you can reach his back 
and get into all the creases. 
After the soaping process, 
baby is ready for his rinse in 
the tub of fresh, warm water. 
Be sure to test the tempera- 
ture of the water just before 
you put him in, adding a little hot or cold water to the tub, 
as the case may require, and never wait to do this until you 
have him actually in the tub. Support his head on your left 
hand and arm and gently lower him into the bath tub. Quickly 
rinse all soap off with a fresh wash-cloth, then take baby out 
of the tub onto the dry towel over the bath apron on lap or 
table and wrap him up in these. 
To dry him, pat him all over and then remove the wet 
towel, letting him lie on the bath apron. It is most important 
that no moisture is left in the creases of baby's tender skin. 
To insure this, there is nothing so good as a dusting with Men- 
nen Borated Talcum Powder. Do not spare the powder; it will 
prevent chafing and is worth its weight in gold for every baby. 
We use tons of it at our hospital, as all our doctors recommend 
it for their little patients. 
In the fat little neck, under the arms, in the groin, and on 
the buttocks the powder should be dusted. If the flesh is at all 
inflamed or irritated, dust it with Kora-Konia. After this is 
done it is time to put on the baby's band; sew it on the left 
side while you use the flannel binder the first six weeks, then 
after this slip the knit band on over the feet. Put on the diaper, 
then the long stockings, which should be pinned to the diapers 
so little knees cannot get bare, and the bootees. Put on the 
shirt, then the flannel skirt and dress together, slipping these 
two garments over the feet. When all are on, turn the baby 
over and button them all together. Then brush his hair in 
the back and turn over again to brush it in the front, thus 
avoiding unnecessary handling and turning. 
Now, take a small piece of cotton and bathe each little 
The Baby Basket, large enough to hold 
the essentials for Baby's toilet and 
small enough to be carried about easily. 
See page 3. 
16 After Baby is undressed, wrap 
him carefully in the bath apron, 
leaving one corner open so you 
can get your hand underneath. 
The bathtub is best of rubber. 
Use a bath thermometer always 
to test temperature of the water. 
Itismost important thatno moist- 
ure is left in creases of Baby's 
tender skin. To insure this there 
is nothing so good as a dusting 
with Mennen Borated Talcum. 
Gently slip on the shirt and then 
pin up the diaper and fasten the 
long woolen stockings to it. 
Whenever the finger or toe nails 
grow long, they should be 
trimmed with rounded scissors, 
as this prevents scratching. 
There is nothing in the world so 
sweet as a freshly bathed baby. 
This is the correct way to lift him. 
17 eye with a solution of boric acid (one teaspoonful to one pint 
boiled water), using separate cotton for each eye and drying 
well with dry cotton. Cleanse the nose with a tiny swab of 
cotton firmly twisted on a wooden toothpick and dipped in 
the boric-acid solution. Gently swab out the mouth with boiled 
water or boric-acid solution, being very careful not to rub hard 
to injure the delicate mucous membrane; better not wash it 
at all than injure this. Gently cleanse the ears and thoroughly 
dry them behind as well as inside. 
Whenever the finger or toe nails grow long they should be 
trimmed with the rounded scissors, as this prevents scratching. 
The genital organs of babies must be kept very clean, too; 
so I will give you special directions for Jack and Polly. Jack's 
foreskin should be gently pushed back several times weekly 
and the parts bathed with boric-acid solution so no white secre- 
tion will collect there to irritate him. If you cannot do this 
very easily, your doctor's attention should be called to it, as 
it may need to be stretched or possibly circumcision performed. 
For Polly, only separate the parts carefully and bathe them 
with warm water, then be careful to dry very thoroughly and 
dust on a little of Mennen Borated Talcum Powder. 
Before I close I must just warn you a little about flies and 
mosquitoes. These insects do more harm than many young 
mothers realize. They breed and carry disease germs, walk over 
disgustingly dirty objects, and then light on the dainty little face 
of baby. Be sure to have nettings over your babies when they go 
out-of-doors and the windows well screened in the house. If flies 
or mosquitoes get into the house in spite of this, you will have to 
have netting over the cribs, too, indoors, but never let it rest 
directly on baby's face. Make a little canopy for the netting. 
Be very careful flies do not alight on the rubber nipples also. 
Be careful of the babies' eyes, Mary, and do not allow them 
to lie staring at a bright gas or electric light or at the sunlight. 
Even when they are asleep, bright lights of any kind should 
never be allowed to shine in their faces. A glare of white light 
is just as bad for them as looking steadily at a white house 
with sun shining on it or the vivid white light one finds so often at 
the seashore. Do not keep them in a dark room, of course, but 
just shield their eyes in some way from the direct bright lights. 
This is a long, long letter, my dear little niece, but there is 
so much I want to tell you while the babies are very young, 
and everything is new to you in caring for them! 
18 Jitter Jive 
^eBabies'Third Month 
My dear Mary: 
First of all, I will answer your questions. I am glad you 
like the question-box idea and find it helpful. You write: 
No. i. "Jack has prickly-heat rash; how shall I treat it?" 
On very warm days omit the silk-and-wool shirt, even if it is 
very thin, and use the thin silk-and-wool knit band with shoulder- 
straps in its place. Give frequent sponge baths with one tea- 
spoonful of bicarbonate of soda to one pint of tepid water, and 
gently pat the skin after this with a soft towel. Next apply 
plenty of Mennen Kora-Konia. This is the very best treatment 
for baby rashes I have ever seen used. It soothes almost 
immediately, and a baby who was uncomfortable and irritated 
will drop off into a refreshing sleep. 
At the hospital we tried the Kora-Konia on hundreds of 
poor little babies all through the hot summer, and invariably 
got splendid results. The mothers were so grateful and doctors 
so delighted with the results of this powder that I am perfectly 
sure it will help Jack and cure him up in no time. 
No. 2. "What shall I do when the babies have hiccoughs 
and Polly has an attack of colic?" 
For hiccoughs, give two teaspoonfuls of warm, boiled water 
with a tiny pinch of bicarbonate of soda in it. This is better 
than sugar, which used to be given. 
For an attack of colic, warm the baby's hands and feet, place 
a hot-water bag or hot flannel over the abdomen, give warm 
water with a pinch of soda bicarbonate by mouth, and if all 
this does not help, then give two ounces of warm water with 
a pinch of soda bicarbonate in your little bulb baby syringe by 
rectum. After you have injected the water, gently massage 
the baby's abdomen so that the water and gas will soon come 
out together. This is usually very quick relief. Each time 
after Polly is fed, hold her up a moment over your shoulder 
and pat her back to help bring up the gas. She may nurse too 
fast. If your milk flows very freely, try a nipple shield with 
19 one small hole in it, so it will take her a little longer to get her 
meal from you. You can regulate the flow of milk from the bottle 
easily by making the hole in her nipples a little smaller. Be sure 
to keep the neck of the bottles well filled with food, and do not let 
air bubbles get in or the food get cold while she is taking it. 
No. 3. "Is it time yet to train the babies to use a small 
chamber, and how shall I go about it?" 
Yes, it is quite time and will save you lots of trouble if you 
once establish this regular habit. It will be invaluable to both 
babies throughout life also. At a regular hour after one of 
the morning meals, place a small chamber in your lap and 
hold the baby over it, carefully supporting the back against 
your chest; if the bowels do not move in five minutes, gently 
insert a small soap pencil made from a pure soap, like Mennen 
Borated Skin Soap, into the rectum a very short distance, just 
to start the movement. In a short time this will not be needed; 
the regularity and the position of the baby will be all that is 
necessary. When they are eight or nine months old they may 
use a regular nursery toilet-chair, as they will be strong enough 
to sit up alone in one, by that time. If the babies usually 
have two bowel movements daily while so young, you may 
do this again late in the afternoon before they go to bed for 
the night. 
No. 4. "How much water do the babies need each day, 
and what is the best time and manner in which to give it?" 
At this age about three ounces of water are needed. Boil 
some water in the morning and put it in a corked bottle on 
the ice. Three times daily, between meals, if the babies are 
awake, give them one ounce of the boiled water heated to blood- 
heat first; use a nursing-bottle for this purpose. They may 
have more if they are awake and fussy at other times, but this 
is enough to flush out the kidneys and quench thirst on warm 
days. Never put sugar in the water, but if the babies do not 
want to take any water at all, you may flavor it with a little 
orange juice if necessary. 
No. 5. "What kind of a baby-carriage is best, and how much 
fresh air do the babies really need?" 
As you have twins, you will have to get a double baby-car- 
riage; one where the babies can ride side by side is better than 
where they face each other, as it is not very good for a baby 
to ride backward. The best kind of a carriage is one that has 
good springs, is large enough for a baby to lie down in and 
20 take his nap out-of-doors, for the first year at least, made of 
wicker so as to be as light as possible. A wind-shield and good 
hood or top of some kind lined with green, not white, is essential 
also. If you can put them out on your piazza after they have 
been bathed and fed in the morning and leave them to take their 
long morning nap there you are very fortunate. For mothers 
who have no piazza or yard, it is usually necessary to let the 
baby take the morning nap in the nursery with windows 
wide open, while mother does her morning work about the 
nursery and bathroom. In the afternoon, when you have 
more time, a walk with the babies in their carriage will do 
you all good, but do not walk about for hours at a time 
as so many mothers seem to think is necessary. Take a 
camp-stool with you and sit down awhile or go to some park. 
At this season they should have about six hours in the open 
air each day. Plan to save the strength of baby's chauffeur 
all you can. 
No. 6. "How can I keep people from spoiling my babies with- 
out hurting their feelings? " 
Poor little mother! With such attractive babies you must 
have a hard time to keep friends from spoiling them. I know 
you are showered with well-meaning advice, too, and do not 
wonder you get "all mixed up" so often. The best way to do 
is to write out a schedule and pin it up on the nursery wall, 
and tell friends you are going strictly by that and please not 
do anything to disturb it. Have one hour after the babies have 
had a long nap when visitors may see them, plan it so this 
time comes before a feeding hour, and let the babies be held 
a little while but never be picked up again if they cry for it, 
after once being put back in their cribs. Do not allow any 
one to kiss your babies, on the face at least; a kiss on the 
chubby little hand, sometimes, will do no harm. 
As to the advice so freely bestowed upon you, 
be polite about it and then do exactly as you 
think best, referring to your doctor or your nurse 
whenever really necessary. 
Most mothers have different ways, and all 
think theirs are best, so if you try to do as all 
your friends advise, you will naturally be very 
much confused. With a little tact you can 
manage, Mary dear, I am sure. I enclose an 
average schedule. 
21 Now I will give you the food formula often used by the 
normal baby from eight to twelve weeks old: 
Whole milk, fifteen ounces; boiled water, 16^2 ounces; 
milk or malt sugar, 4^ level tablespoonfuls, or else cane sugar, 
three level tablespoonfuls. Four and one-half ounces of this in 
each one of seven bottles. This for the first two weeks of the 
third month, then increased to whole milk, seventeen ounces; 
boiled water, eighteen ounces; milk or malt sugar, 4^ level 
tablespoonfuls, or cane sugar, three level tablespoonfuls; five 
ounces in each one of seven bottles for the latter part of this 
month. If Polly has colic at all frequently, you should increase 
her food a little more slowly than you do Jack's. She still 
weighs less and may need less food especially in quantity. 
Has any one ever told you how to care for diapers, Mary? 
They should be removed from the baby at once when wet or 
soiled and placed in a covered pail in the bathroom, never laid 
down on the nursery floor. At the first opportunity they should 
be rinsed with cold water, then put in a pail to soak. Once daily 
wash the collection of diapers with a pure white soap and hot 
water, then rinse very thoroughly; next boil them in clear water 
and hang out in the open air to dry in the sun. Never dry 
diapers before the nursery fire. They may be warmed there, 
just before they are put on, as one should never put either 
damp or cold clothing of any sort onto a baby. It is better to 
iron diapers, but if you have too much to do they may be simply 
folded down and then used. A diaper that has been simply 
wet should not be used again without at least washing. A 
peculiar odor clings to diapers if they are not properly cared 
for, and often a baby's delicate skin is very badly chafed or 
irritated from improper diaper-washing, or if the child is allowed 
to lie too long in a wet napkin. 
I hope you will not have any such troubles with your babies, 
but if you do, do not waste a minute in getting out your Kora- 
Konia, and using this on the babies wherever they are red or 
chafed. There is nothing that will both prevent and cure 
"diaper rashes'' as this fine healing powder will. 
I must really close now. Send me as many questions as 
you like and kiss those blessed babies on their little hands for me. 
22 Schedule for a\bung Baby's Day 
6 a.m. First meal. 
8 a.m. Water or orange-juice in a bottle. 
8.30 a.m. Bowel movement and bath. 
9 a.m. Second meal, then nap out-of-doors, if possible, until 
12 M. 
12 m. Third meal, awake for an hour, and little water to 
drink; natural exercise. 
1-3 p.m. Nap out-of-doors. 
3 p.m. Fourth meal. 
3-5.30 p.m. Baby's waking time; out-of-doors, if possible, at 
least part of time, visiting hours during this time, and little 
water to drink; natural exercise and loving time. 
5.30 p.m. Undress for night and sponge bath; bowels often 
move. 
6 p.m. Fifth meal and bed. 
10 p.m. Sixth meal and change diapers. 
2 a.m. Seventh meal, until three months old, then discontinue. 
Change diapers if fed and awake at this time. 
23 feller Six 
The Babies'Fourth and 
Fifth Months 
Dear Mary: 
Now that your babies are three months of age, they have 
gotten a really good start in life, and no doubt you are finding 
it easier to take care of them. I will answer your questions 
first as usual. 
No. i. "What should a normal baby three months old 
weigh?" 
The average healthy baby weighs thirteen pounds at three 
months. During the first six months from one pound to one 
pound and a half is gained each month; after that the gain is 
slower, from twelve ounces to one pound monthly being gained 
up to one year. Then usually only about half a pound a month 
for the second year. Between five and six months a normal 
baby doubles his birth weight, and at one year he trebles it. 
No. 2. "When should the babies be put in short clothes, 
and of what should these consist?" 
Usually from three to four months is the best time to shorten 
a baby's clothes, unless this comes in very cold weather, when 
one may wait a little longer. Have the clothes ankle length. 
They should consist of a silk or cotton-and-wool ribbed-knit 
band with shoulder-straps and tabs to pin the diaper to, silk 
or cotton-and-wool shirt, flannel skirt made on a little waist, 
white skirt (if wanted), dress, long merino stockings pinned 
to diapers, and moccasins or soft kid shoes. The weight of the 
underwear must depend on the weather. Light weight for 
summer, medium weight for winter, using sacks for spring and 
fall over the lighter-weight flannels, so that a third set need 
not be bought. Diapers, of course, should be used, too. 
No. 3. "May rubber pants be used for the babies?" 
No; these are not at all advisable; they prevent ventila- 
tion of the skin and often cause chafing. To protect the dress 
you may fold a diaper and inside this place a small piece of 
thin, rubberized material; pin this about the baby's hips so it 
is outside of the regular diaper but inside the skirts, and let it 
24 hang down so the baby lies or sits on this but it is all open to 
the air in front. 
No. 4. "When should the babies be vaccinated?" 
Before they are six months old have them vaccinated by 
your doctor. Between the fourth and fifth month is a good 
time, as usually teething has not begun then. Do not use a 
shield and have your doctor tell you exactly how he wishes you 
to take care of the wounds. 
No. 5. "What may I use as a substitute for fresh milk 
on the train?" 
It is quite an undertaking to travel with twins, my dear, 
but no doubt John's father and mother want to see the babies, 
and if you keep to their regular schedules I do not think it will 
harm them. Use a powdered milk on the train. There are 
several good brands, but it might be well to ask your doctor 
to select one. At meal time have the porter bring you boiling 
water, pour the five or six ounces into the nursing-bottle, and 
add the powdered milk to it and shake it well; cool to 98° F., 
and this is all there is to it. The amount you use for a given 
feeding depends on the age and weight of your babies, just as 
the fresh milk does. If you are going away this month, I should 
think 5X ounces of boiled water and 4^ level tablespoonfuls 
of powdered milk to each bottle would be right. 
You say in your letter that Jack had an attack of diarrhoea 
caused by a sour bottle of milk after a thunderstorm. You 
did right to stop all food for twelve hours and give only boiled 
water during that time. I see your doctor believes in castor 
oil still; some doctors give this and others do not advise it now. 
You say you went back to the regular feeding gradually and 
boiled the milk in the bottles for a few days, diluting the for- 
mulas more, as your doctor directed, and giving an ounce of boiled 
water before each breast meal which you shortened to a ten- 
minute interval at first. This is practically what our doctors 
at the hospital order, too, only in some cases they give barley 
water or wheat water (page 26) without sugar in place of the 
boiled water for the first twenty-four hours; then add the milk 
in the formulas to the barley water very gradually. 
You say Jack was very badly scalded by his bad bowel 
movements and that you cannot seem to heal this chafed area. 
You have the best of all remedies right in the house, Mary; use 
your Kora-Konia, and use it freely. It will do just as much for 
this as it did for the prickly-heat rash you cured so quickly 
25 After the parts are healed they will be tender for some time, 
probably, so substitute the Kora-Konia for Mennen Borated 
Talcum Powder, for a time at least, as prevention is even better 
than cure. Use the Kora-Konia wherever there are moist sur- 
faces that chafe or irritate easily as I told you before; you 
will never be disappointed in your results while you do this. 
Have you begun to prop your babies up yet? You may 
do so for half an hour at a time now, using your clothes-basket 
beds, with a hair pillow at the back or simply a pad folded so 
they are in a semi-upright position, but still may lie down 
when they get the least bit tired. Do not use a high chair 
or anything that keeps the little backs too straight at this age. 
Now, about the formulas we use for the average baby the 
fourth and fifth months. We do not increase the food so fast 
now, but generally begin to use a cereal gruel as the dilutent 
in place of the plain boiled water. To make this gruel we 
take one level tablespoonful of a cereal flour, barley, oat, or 
wheat, as the doctor directs, we blend this with a little cold 
water, and stir it into one pint of boiling water in a double 
boiler, adding a pinch of salt, and boil it half an hour. When 
finished we measure it and add enough boiling water to make 
up the pint if any has boiled away; we then add the required 
amount of sugar in the given formula, strain this, and 
when cold add the milk, mixing it all thoroughly and bottling 
as usual. 
When three months old, the average baby will take 16^2 
ounces of whole milk, 16^ ounces of a cereal gruel, 4 level 
tablespoonfuls of milk or malt sugar or 25^ level tablespoonfuls 
of cane sugar, 5^ ounces in each one of six bottles. We omit 
the 2 a.m. meal at this age if it has not been done a little earlier, 
giving the baby boiled water when he wakes at first and letting 
him cry it out a night or two if he wakes and frets. Many 
never wake at all after the 10 p.m. meal until time for the 6 a.m. 
feeding. 
When baby is four months old we usually increase the 
formula to nineteen ounces of whole milk, seventeen ounces of 
a cereal gruel, keep the sugar the same, but use six ounces in 
each one of the six bottles. Each one of your twins will get 
now three bottle meals and three meals from the breast. We 
keep the gruels the same proportion for a while using a little 
more of the flours and more water as needed when the quantity 
of food is increased. 
26 If a baby is inclined to be constipated we use oatmeal gruel 
in cool weather; if not, the doctors generally use barley or wheat. 
Your twinnies must be more fascinating than ever now, 
as they laugh out loud and seem to notice both you and their 
daddy. I really think Jack will keep his brown eyes and hair 
and Polly will have John's light hair and blue eyes. They 
seldom change very much after this age. 
Good luck to you if you attempt your little trip; take along 
some old linen to use as pads inside the regular diapers on the 
train, as you can simply throw this away. Do hot let the rela- 
tives spoil your well-trained babies, but love them all they like 
when they are good. 
27 fetter Seven 
The Babies'Sixth,Seventh 
and Eight Months 
My dear Mary: 
You made quite a long visit and must be glad to get settled 
down at home again, are you not? I am pleased you managed 
so nicely and that the babies are as sweet as ever, if not more so. 
This time you say you want to know all about teeth and 
teething, so I will start with that. 
Generally by the time a baby is five months old he begins 
to "drool" and you begin to think of teething-bibs. The little 
gums look swollen; sometimes baby is rather irritable and will 
not take his food so eagerly. Do not force him if this happens, 
but beware of laying every ill under the sun to "only teething." 
If you get into the habit of doing this you may let graver illnesses 
run on too far. When a baby seems to be ailing for more than 
twenty-four hours, it is far wiser to have a doctor see him. 
Keep the food right, give plenty of fresh air, see that the 
bowels move every day, and give boiled water between meals, 
then do not worry about teething. Do not give them a hard ring 
to bite on as this only toughens the tissues. Rub the gums 
gently with cotton dipped in cold boric-acid solution. This is 
the manner in which teeth of the first set usually appear: 
Two lower central teeth or central incisors, fifth to ninth 
month; four upper central teeth or upper incisors, eighth to 
twelfth month; two other lower central teeth or incisors and 
four first front double teeth or molars, twelfth to eighteenth 
month; four canine teeth, upper ones "eye teeth" and lower 
ones "stomach teeth," from the eighteenth to twenty-fourth 
month; four back double teeth or molars, from the twenty-fourth 
to thirtieth month, making twenty teeth in all for this first set. 
When a baby is one year old he usually has six teeth, at 
years he has twelve teeth, at two years sixteen teeth, and at 
2^ years he has twenty teeth. 
Many entire families cut teeth very late and others cut 
them very early, the manner in which teeth are cut being a 
family trait in some cases. 
28 The little teeth must be kept clean and white by means of 
cotton twisted about your little finger, dipped in boric-acid 
solution and then gently rubbed on the teeth. By the time 
a baby has six or eight teeth a very small, soft tooth-brush may 
be used, one with a single row of bristles if possible. On this 
soft little brush place a little Mennen Cream Dentifrice and 
brush the little teeth up and down, as well as across, twice daily. 
Rinse the mouth with pure boiled water. This dentifrice is not 
only the best to prevent decaying of the teeth but has a most 
delightful taste, so that even babies enjoy having it used. 
Now for your last set of questions: 
No. I. "Shall I still allow the babies to take their morn- 
ing nap out-of-doors, and what kind of weather must they 
remain in the house?" 
As you have a sheltered piazza, let the babies take their 
nap out-doors still in their baby-carriage, but cover them up 
well. If they get out of the covers, use your night flannel 
sleeping-bag over a coat if necessary, so you will not have to 
constantly watch them. An old blanket made into a bag, with 
a little shaping for the shoulders and neck and buttoned down 
the front something like a "Baby Bunting" wrap, makes a 
fine sleeping-bag and one that is not too expensive. Have 
warm worsted hoods to protect the little ears. When you take 
the babies out for a ride they will want to sit up part of the 
time now and look about, so use warmly lined wool coats, leg- 
gings, and mittens as well as the wool hood or bonnet. Do not 
take them out if it snows, rains, or if there is a cold, sharp, 
penetrating wind; on such days wrap them up and let them 
air in the nursery for an hour or two, either in their cribs or in 
the baby-carriage, but never on the drafty floor. Open the 
windows from the top, not the bottom. When it is exceedingly 
damp from melting snow, it is sometimes best to air babies in the 
house also. If you take the babies out when the wind is cold and 
sharp or when the thermometer is much below 20° F., there is dan- 
ger of having the delicate little cheeks and noses frost-bitten. 
Veils are not advisable, they get wet and freeze on a baby's face. 
You say Polly has such delicate skin her face gets chapped 
very easily. Try some of Mennen Cold Cream for this; put a 
little on before you take her out and again when she comes, in 
and I am sure you will have no more trouble. 
No. 2. "What would be a good present to give the babies 
this Christmas?" 
29 'I'he best thing I can 
think of is a large exercise- 
pen or baby-yard. John 
can make this, I think; if 
not, you can buy them 
ready - made. Have one 
with a raised floor and a 
wooden fence high enough 
so the babies cannot possi- 
bly get over it. On the 
floor of the pen you may 
put an old comfortable or a 
nursery creeping-rug. They 
will spend many happy hours in this pen, if you teach them to 
like it from the start. It will keep them safe, out of drafts and 
mischief, and you can go about your work in peace, while they 
first roll about in it, then creep, and finally learn to stand and 
walk by holding onto the sides. Babies should never be turned 
loose on the dusty floor to play, as they not only get cold in this 
way but pick up everything and put it into their mouths. You 
may begin to use the pen when the babies are six months old 
if you like. 
No. 3. " Please give me normal weights and measurements 
of a six-months-old baby." 
The Government bureau gives eighteen pounds as weight 
for boy baby of this age and length as 26^ inches. Little 
girls usually weigh about one pound less than boys at this 
time and measure a little less also. 
Babies begin to like to reach out for toys at this age, 
one toy at a time being allowed them. A string of spools, 
bright ball on a string, rubber or celluloid toys with the 
little whistle removed, are all suitable things to give them to play 
with. Here are the formulas, which you asked me to send: 
Formula for a baby five months old: 
Whole milk 22 ounces 
Gruel . . 14 ounces 
Milk or malt sugar, 3 level tablespoonfuls or cane sugar 2 level 
tablespoonfuls, 6 ounces in each one of 6 bottles. 
Formula for baby six months old: 
Whole milk 25 ounces 
Gruel 14 ounces 
■Milk or malt sugar, 3 level tablespoonfuls or cane sugar 2 table- 
spoonfuls, 6X ounces in each one of 6 bottles. 
30 Formula for baby seven months old: 
Whole milk 28 ounces 
Gruel 14 ounces 
Milk or malt sugar, 3 level tablespoonfuls or else cane sugar 2 
tablespoonfuls, 7 ounces in each one of 6 bottles. 
You will notice that in these formulas less sugar is used; 
one reason is that as the baby gets older he needs less, and 
the other is that the gruel gradually becomes stronger now 
because less water is taken in the formula; keep one level table- 
spoonful of the cereal flour to the required number of ounces 
in each formula. This gives a little more nourishment to the 
food. Some doctors prefer it made even stronger than this 
but others think this is strong enough for the present ages at 
least. If you are doubtful be sure to ask your doctor. 
At this age many babies seem to form the thumb-sucking 
habit. It is a very bad habit to form and is only equalled by 
the pacifier habit. Sucking frequently on any object causes 
enlarged tonsils, adenoids, badly shaped mouth, and crooked 
teeth, to say nothing of the danger of infection from unclean- 
liness. Never allow this sucking habit. If it begins to appear, 
nip it in the bud. Try cotton mittens without thumbs on the 
little hands. If this does no good try a cardboard cuff on the 
arm tied on over the shirt-sleeve but under the dress, so that 
the baby may play with a toy but not bend the elbow to get 
the thumb into his mouth. Take off the cuffs several times 
daily and rub the little arms, leaving them free to exercise 
while you can watch them. Aluminum mitts may be bought 
for this purpose also. If baby has ever been given a pacifier, 
burn it at once and never get another. 
If your doctor agrees, this is a good time to begin orange- 
juice. It not only helps to keep the bowels regular but aids 
in the general nutrition of the child also. It cannot be given 
if the bowels are loose. 
Take a sweet orange and squeeze out the juice, strain this 
through cheesecloth, and at first give only one teaspoonful in 
one teaspoonful of water midway between two meals. Gradu- 
ally increase the orange juice to one ounce and decrease the 
water so that by the time a baby is nine or ten months old he 
is taking the full ounce of clear orange juice. If a baby is 
constipated, the juice may be begun as early as the second 
month and gradually worked up to two ounces by the end of 
the ninth or tenth month. Do not sweeten the orange juice. 
31 /}iter Sight 
'The Babies'Ninth,Tenth, 
Eleventh and Twelfth Months 
My dear Niece: 
There is no need of my telling you how very much I enjoyed 
my long visit with you and those darling babies; I am sure you 
know what a good time I had every moment! Now that I have 
really seen Jack and Polly, it will be more fun than ever to answer 
your questions. 
While I am in Europe, letters will be irregular, I fear, so I 
shall try to tell you all I possibly can about the rest of the 
babies' first year in this letter. 
Now that they are eight months old and sit alone so nicely, 
you may use the little toilet-chair every morning in place of 
the small chamber in your lap. I am so glad they are well 
trained in this respect. 
As you think your supply of breast milk is getting gradu- 
ally less, and the babies are now old enough to go four hours 
between meals, I would put them both on the four-hour schedule. 
Give Polly three breast meals and two bottle meals and Jack 
three bottles and two breast meals for the present. Their meal 
hours will now be 6 A.M., io A.M., 2 P.M., 6 P.M., and io p.m. 
One ounce of orange juice should come at 8 A.M.; this may be 
given plain or in a little water still. It would also be a good 
time to commence a little beef juice. Give one teaspoonful in 
the same amount of water at 1.30 p.m., before the 2 p.m. meal, work 
up gradually to one ounce if it seems to agree well, and gradu- 
ally omit all water. Make the beef juice by the warm process, 
which is as follows: 
BEEF JUICE, WARM PROCESS 
One-half pound of round steak, slightly broiled, and put in 
a meat-press; press out all the juice, add a pinch of salt, and 
stand a small cup of this in warm water to heat the beef juice 
a little. If it is heated too much it will coagulate. You may 
feed this from a spoon or put it in the nursing-bottle. It should 
not be given in very warm weather. 
32 At eight months of age the average baby will be able to take 
29 ounces of whole milk 
11 ounces of gruel 
3 level tablespoonfuls of milk or malt sugar or 2 of cane sugar, 7X 
to 8 ounces every four hours for five meals. 
FOOD FORMULAS 
At nine months the formula may be changed to 
30 ounces of whole milk 
10 ounces of gruel 
2^/2 tablespoonfuls of milk or malt sugar or 1^2 tablespoonfuls of 
cane sugar. 8 ounces in each one of five bottles. 
At ten months change to 
31 ounces of whole milk 
9 ounces of gruel 
2 tablespoonfuls of milk or malt sugar or 1 tablespoonful of cane 
sugar. 8 ounces in each one of five bottles. 
At eleven months the formula may be 
32 ounces of whole milk 
8 ounces of gruel 
I tablespoonful of milk or malt sugar or X tablespoonful of cane 
sugar. 8 ounces in each one of five bottles. 
This is to be continued until the baby is one year old, when, 
as a rule, plain milk without any modification may be given. 
COOKED CEREALS 
When the babies are nine months old begin to add a well- 
cooked cereal to their diet. Farina or Cream of Wheat are 
good ones to start with. They should be cooked for at least 
one hour in a double boiler in water only with a pinch of salt. 
When finished they should be about the consistency of a thin 
breakfast cereal. Give one to two tablespoonfuls of the cooked 
cereal with a little of the io a.m. bottle of milk poured over it; 
feed this with a spoon. 
When the babies are ten months old they may be given the 
white of a coddled egg every other day at 1.30 p.m. in place 
of the beef juice. To coddle an egg, place the egg, with its 
shell on, in boiling water and at once remove the water from 
the stove; let the egg remain in the water as it cools for seven 
to eight minutes, so that the white looks like a jelly. Add a 
pinch of salt when it is given. 
MUTTON AND CHICKEN BROTHS 
At eleven months of age fat-free mutton and chicken broths 
may be added, these to be given alternately with the beef juice 
33 and egg. Begin with one ounce and work up gradually to two 
ounces. To make mutton and chicken broths, take one pound 
of chopped lean mutton or chicken and a little of the bone to 
one pint of cold water and a pinch of salt. Cook this slowly 
for three to four hours until you have half a pint; add water 
from time to time if needed. Strain this carefully and when 
cold remove every particle of fat. At meal time warm it, or 
in hot weather it may be fed cold in the form of a jelly. 
Once or twice daily, at the end of a meal, let the babies have 
a little piece of zwieback or hard, crisp toast to bite on for a 
few minutes at a time. This will teach them to chew. Do not 
allow them to nibble on toast or crackers all the time between 
meals. You may begin this at about nine months of age. 
You should plan to stop all breast milk by the time the 
babies are one year old, Mary; to do this, simply add one more 
bottle meal and subtract one breast meal about once a month 
until they are completely weaned from the breast before hot 
weather. By weaning thus gradually, neither you nor the 
babies will be apt to have any trouble at all. Jack will be 
weaned a little earlier than Polly, but he is the stronger baby. 
From nine to twelve months is the best time to wean the average 
baby. 
You want to know what to do for colds and a sudden attack 
of croup, so I will tell you in this letter. 
For a simple head cold where the nose is stopped up, drop 
some liquid albolene up each nostril with a medicine-dropper 
two or three times daily or gently swab out the nose with albo- 
lene on the cotton swab. Usually a teaspoonful of castor oil 
will help, too, as this carries off the mucous the baby swallows. 
Do not give a tub bath while baby has a cold, and keep him 
in the house for a day or two but in well-ventilated rooms. If 
there are rattles or wheezing on the chest, call your doctor at 
once. 
For simple spasmodic croup which comes on very suddenly, 
often at night, nothing is so helpful as steam inhalations. The 
hard breathing and tight barking cough is usually quickly 
relieved by the steam. A boiling tea-kettle may be used, if 
you have no regular croup kettle; place the baby under a tent 
by draping a sheet over the crib and introduce the steam under 
this, being very careful not to burn the child. If this is not 
enough, try hot cloths about the throat, flannel wrung out of 
hot water, first held against your own cheek so as to be sure not 
34 to burn the baby, may be tried. If relief is not given by these 
simple means make the baby vomit by adding a pinch of 
mustard to two or three ounces of tepid water; force him 
to drink this if possible. Call your doctor if breathing is really 
difficult. 
As soon as the babies begin to stand or pull themselves up 
by the sides of the baby-pen, you should put on stiff-soled shoes. 
Get well-fitting laced shoes. Much depends on the proper foot- 
covering for babies. Usually these are needed by the time a 
baby is ten or eleven months old. Never urge the child to 
stand or walk; let him alone and he will do so when he feels 
strong enough, then there will be no danger of bow-legs if he has 
been properly fed. 
I will try to send you a letter so you will get it about the 
time the babies are one year old, Mary dear, so no more this 
time. 
Method of using croup kettle. 
35 fetter fine 
Yw Babies from One Year 
to Eighteen Months 
My dear Niece Mary: 
I hope this will reach you on the twinnies' birthday, and 
shall try to tell you what I think you will need to know about 
them until they are eighteen months old. 
First, I will give you the weight and measurements of the 
average normal baby at one year, and you can measure the 
babies and see how they compare with this. The Government 
table gives the weight of a year-old boy as 21^ pounds and 
his height as 29^ inches; girls, 20X pounds, height 28% 
inches. Dr. Holt's averages are a little less than these, so you 
need not worry if your babies come within a pound of the above 
weights. 
The fontanel or "soft spot" on the babies' heads should 
be considerably smaller now as it is supposed to close at the 
age of eighteen months. They should stand by holding onto 
something, and about the age of thirteen months they may 
take a step or two alone. By the time they are fifteen to six- 
teen months old they will probably run about by themselves. 
Never urge them to do any of these things; give them a 
chance to do them when they feel strong enough. As for talk- 
ing, they should say one or two short words now, such as 
"mamma" or "daddy," and play "pat-a-cake," shake a "by- 
by," etc. Gradually more and more words will be added to 
the vocabulary, until by the time they are two years old they 
should use short sentences. I have already told you about 
the teeth (page 28) so will not repeat this here. 
One long nap a day is enough now; usually the best time 
for that is from 10.30 A.m. to 1.30 P.M. They should sleep from 
6 p.m. until 6 a.m. also, and will be quite ready for this early 
bed hour if they do not have a later nap. 
At one year of age we give up the 10 p.m. meal, adding a little 
supper at 6 p.m. and stopping the bottle. They should now 
drink well out of a cup or silver mug. If you have difficulty 
at first teach them to take the second and third meals from a 
36 cup and allow the bottle at 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. for a few weeks 
longer. The sooner you get them over the bottle habit now, 
the better it will be for the babies and you too. This is the 
way the meals for a year-old baby are usually planned: 
6 a.m. Eight ounces of plain, warm milk. 
8 A.m. The juice of one sweet orange, or else two table- 
spoonfuls of apple sauce, pineapple juice, prune juice, or peach 
juice. Give these fruits in season, of course. 
io A.M. Two to three tablespoonfuls of oatmeal, hominy, 
wheaten grits, yellow cornmeal mush, Wheatena, farina, Cream 
of Wheat, or Ralston food, all cooked at least three hours in a 
double boiler or fireless cooker overnight. At first these should 
be strained, but by the time the baby is fourteen to eighteen 
months old straining is usually not required. On the cereals, 
two ounces of top milk should be poured (not heavy cream), 
a pinch of salt, but no sugar. One piece of crisp, dry toast, 
or zwieback. Six ounces of warm milk to drink from a cup. 
2 p.m. Two ounces of beef juice (in cool weather) or else 
one coddled egg (whole egg now) with two tablespoonfuls of 
well-cooked rice. Or else four to five ounces of fat-free mutton 
or chicken broth thickened with a little rice or barley. One 
thin slice of dried-out bread (no butter), five to six ounces of 
whole milk warmed, to drink. 
6 p.m. Three to four tablespoonfuls of barley, rice, wheat, 
or oat jellies or junket or milk toast. Use two ounces of milk 
on the cereals or junket. Eight ounces of warm milk to drink. 
Piece of zwieback or whole wheat cracker. 
When the babies are fourteen to fifteen months old, one 
tablespoonful of a well-cooked green vegetable, like spinach, 
carrots, asparagus tips, or stewed celery mashed through a sieve 
may be added to the 2 p.m. meal. Some doctors advise these 
green vegetables a little earlier; ask your doctor which he prefers, 
if you like. The age at which a baked potato may be given is 
still rather a mooted point. Mothers are apt to give it too 
early. About the fourteenth to sixteenth month is safe, I should 
say. It should be given in place of the rice mentioned on the 
list, and begin with a small one. 
I think you have the recipes for the foods mentioned here 
(page 32), with the exception of cereal jellies and junket. To 
make a cereal jelly take two tablespoonfuls of a cereal flour, 
blend it with a little cold water, add it to six ounces of boiling 
water with a pinch of salt, and boil in a double boiler for thirty 
37 minutes until the cereal looks the consistency of a jelly. It 
should be strained if at all lumpy. 
To make junket, one pint of milk should be warmed to 98° 
or ioo° F.; add a pinch of salt, two level teaspoonfuls of sugar, 
one jupket tablet dissolved in a little water, or else two tea- 
spoonfuls of essence of pepsin or liquid rennet. Stir until well 
mixed, being careful not to overheat, then allow to stand at 
the room temperature for twenty minutes until the mixture 
seems firmly coagulated. Pour into cold moulds or a bowl and 
place in the refrigerator until very cold. 
The green vegetables should be cooked in water thoroughly 
or, better still, steamed, with a pinch of salt, no pepper. Fireless 
cookers are very convenient things to have for the broths, 
cereals, and other foods used for babies. 
Yes, Mary dear, this is your babies' second summer, but 
pray do not be frightened to death on this account! Do not 
allow people to make you believe it is going to be any harder 
for you than any other summer. The reason the second sum- 
mer is such a bugbear to mothers is that in former times babies 
were brought to the table and fed "everything" at this age. 
No wonder they succumbed to such treatment! If you feed 
them correctly, never allow "just a taste" of improper food, 
keep the thinnest of silk-and-wool ribbed-knit bands over the 
abdomen and little legs covered with long stockings, give them 
plenty of fresh air, sleep, and baths, with pure boiled water to 
drink between meals, you are not at all likely to have any 
trouble this summer. 
On very hot days dilute the milk with an ounce or two of 
barley water to each cup of milk; give less of the other foods, 
too. Omit the shirt and flannel skirt on hot days, relying on 
the band for uniform warmth over the digestive organs. As 
you expect to go to the seashore during July and August, be 
careful about the milk-supply there, and if it is not perfectly 
reliable use Dryco while you are away from home. Make it 
up one level tablespoonful to each ounce of boiled water at this 
age. 
Look out for the tender skin of your babies while they 
play on the beach. Take a good supply of Mennen Cold Cream 
and Kora-Konia with you as well as the usual Borated Talcum 
Powder you use each day. Both the cold cream and Kora- 
Konia are invaluable for sunburn as well as for chafing and 
prickly-heat rash. 
38 I would not advise you to allow the babies to go in bathing 
just yet; have some sea water brought to the house and warmed 
for their tub baths there. When they are eighteen months to 
two years of age, they may take a dip in the ocean if they have 
wool bathing-suits and do not stay wet too long at a time. 
You asked me the last time you wrote when your babies 
should be completely trained not to wet diapers and at what 
age you could use little drawers. Often this may be accom- 
plished by the fifteenth month, if you remember to take them 
to their chairs every hour. Some mothers do it even earlier. 
Little diaper drawers are good to use at this age. They are 
made so that they can be ironed perfectly flat, as they button 
on the side of the legs. They are much more comfortable for 
babies than hot diapers in summer time. If you use cotton 
crepe they will not have to be ironed. Rompers may be worn 
as soon as the babies are trained not to wet much. You will 
need little cotton waists onto which the drawers, skirt, and 
garters may be buttoned. Side garters are best, but do not 
have them so tight that they pull the child over. Wide straw 
hats to shade the little faces should be used on the sand. 
The work here among the little French orphans is perfectly 
fascinating but leaves time for very little else, so you may not 
hear from me for some time, Mary dear, but write me all about 
the babies whenever you can. 
I wish Jack and Polly the happiest of birthdays. 
39 feller few 
7he Babies from Eighteen 
to Twenty"four Months 
Dear Mary: 
You are a good girl to write me all the details about those 
precious babies, and how I enjoy them as well as the cunning 
snapshots you send with each letter! As I write now I have 
half a dozen little pictures before me on my desk. I can clearly 
see manly little Jack with his mop of brown curls, big brown 
eyes, and rosy cheeks. I am glad he loves his little "spitfire" 
sister so well, as you say he will take anything she does to him 
as a joke. 
You will have your hands full with saucy little Polly; her 
fair curls and innocent blue eyes make her look like a little 
angel. Begin right away to help her control her fiery little 
temper, and do not allow her to "boss" Jack all the time. 
See that they take turns with their toys and pleasures, and try 
to treat them impartially in all things. 
When she gets into a tantrum and screams and stamps her 
tiny feet, be very gentle but firm with her. Do not whip her, 
but take her up in your arms and quietly put her in her crib, 
taking Jack out of the room and going out yourself. Leave her 
alone while the angry cries continue, wait until she calms down, 
and then go back to her, and when she says she will be "a dood 
dirl" take her up and love her a little. If she has been naughty 
to Jack, have her kiss him and say "sorry" before she is allowed 
to play with him again. 
At eighteen months of age the average normal baby weighs 
24^ pounds and the height is 31^ inches. This average is for 
boys as found by the Government statistics. Girls weigh about 
a pound less and measure about the same. Jack and Polly 
seem to be very normal babies. 
You ask if it is a good plan to allow babies of this age to 
come to the family table. No; I do not think it is at all advis- 
able. Try to teach them table manners first at their own little 
table, and wait until they can feed themselves neatly before 
they come to yours. You and John will then have your meals 
40 in peace and the babies will have food that is suitable for them. 
It may take more time this way, but it pays in the end. They 
may come to dessert for Sunday dinner when John is at home 
or an occasional lunch with you, but as a rule have them eat 
by themselves. 
Use a hot-water plate for their hot foods, and begin now 
to teach them to use a spoon neatly, then a little fork and 
pusher, and above all things, teach them to chew their food well. 
At eighteen months of age babies can usually do with three 
meals a day and a little fruit juice or cup of milk besides. 
At 6 to 6.30 A.M., when they first wake, give them the strained 
juice of an orange; this you may prepare the evening before 
and keep in a corked bottle all ready for use. 
7 to 7.30 a.m. Breakfast-Three large tablespoonfuls of a 
well-cooked cereal, alternating those mentioned in your former 
diet list (page 33) and served in the same manner. One piece 
of toast, very little butter on it now, or dried bread, zwieback, 
or Huntley and Palmer biscuit; six ounces of warm milk. 
10.30 to 11 a.m. Eight ounces of warm milk. 
1.30 p.m. to 2 p.m. Two ounces of beef juice or four ounces 
of vegetable soup, or mutton or chicken broth with rice or 
barley in them. Also one level tablespoonful of scraped, rare 
beef pulp, or white meat of chicken, or lamb chop, all very 
finely cut up, and one tablespoonful of a green vegetable, 
strained, as spinach, carrots, young, tender beets, peas, string 
beans, asparagus tips, or stewed celery. Also one white or 
starchy vegetable, as either rice or baked potato-one table- 
spoonful. Also one piece of stale bread with little butter, and 
a baked apple, apple sauce, prune jelly, soft-boiled custard, or 
junket-one tablespoonful of any one of these desserts. As a 
treat, one to two tablespoonfuls of home-made vanilla ice-cream 
may be given once a week if convenient; it is not an essential. 
No milk with this meal. Substitute soft-cooked egg twice 
weekly for the meat. Home-canned vegetables, put up in glass, 
may be used if no fresh ones are obtainable. 
5.30 to 6 p.m. Three tablespoonfuls of a cereal jelly (page 
37) or else two slices of milk toast or else bread and milk (bread 
to be dried out in oven, or two days old, at least). One Wheats- 
worth cracker, or Arrowroot or Educator cracker. Eight ounces 
of warm milk to drink. 
Give water freely between meals but not just at bedtime; 
if the babies have a little less water late in the afternoon, it 
41 may be easier to prevent bed-wetting, which should be at least 
fairly well under control now. They should be taken up at 
io p.m. to use the chamber, for one cannot expect them to go 
longer at this age. By two years old the average child may be 
completely broken of bed-wetting if properly managed. Children 
differ much in this respect, however, and doctors do not con- 
sider bed-wetting at night really abnormal until the child is 
three years old. 
Here is the recipe for vegetable soup: 
One-quarter of a pound of lamb free from fat, one potato, one 
carrot, two stalks of celery, one tablespoonful of pearl barley, 
two tablespoonfuls of rice, two quarts of water, a pinch of salt. 
Cut the vegetables and meat into small pieces, add these, the 
barley, and rice to two quarts of water and boil down to one 
quart, cooking three hours. Add a pinch of salt and strain 
before serving. 
Prune jelly you will also need; to make it, soak the prunes 
overnight in cold water. Pour off this water the next morning 
and cover them with fresh water; stew them slowly for at least 
an hour, adding water from time to time as it boils away. Mash 
them through a sieve and add one tablespoonful of molasses 
to each pint of the prune pulp; put them again on the fire and 
cook for half an hour. 
You asked me in your last letter if it is still necessary to 
give the babies a tub bath every day, and how often to wash 
their hair. Yes, dear, it is best to give a tub bath every day 
all their lives. If they get into this habit they will be much 
more well-groomed-looking as well as healthier. You need 
not give the bath in the morning if you have not the time or 
if the house is cold. Give it either just before the eleven 
o'clock nap or else just before supper and bedtime. If you do 
the latter way, have warm little wrappers and worsted slippers 
and let them have their supper after the bath. You may have 
more time if you give one baby the bath at naptime and the 
other at bedtime. 6.30 p.m. is now bedtime for them. 
Once weekly is often enough to wash their hair now. You 
say Jack has a little brown substance on his scalp quite often, 
and Polly sometimes seems to have a few white scales under 
her thick curls. What they need, Mary, is Mennen Tar 
Shampooing Cream. This is excellent to keep a scalp in healthy 
condition as well as to cure such little troubles as you mention. 
Use a little of this on your hands and rub it into the scalp thor- 
42 oughly. Rinse well with clear, warm water, and you will have 
beautiful hair and scalps as the result. 
Yes; babies are a lot of care surely, but are they not a 
hundredfold worth it? There is no way in which you could 
be spending your time so usefully and happily, too, as taking 
care of those darling twins. No doubt you get tired sometimes, 
and then you should run out to a good play with John in the 
evening, letting old Margaret stay with the twins. You need 
a little recreation sometimes as well as any one else, and if you 
take it, this will keep you from getting nervous and run down. 
I know many older mothers with grown-up children who say 
the years when they worked the hardest with their babies were 
the happiest years of their lives, and I believe them! 
By the time your twins are two years old I shall be at 
home again and shall write their birthday letter from Newark. 
The work here is fascinating and well worth doing, but there 
are children at home, too, and plenty to do to help them, I know. 
Lots of love to you all. 
43 Jetlev Eleven 
7/ie Babies ^/TwoYears tfAge 
Dear Mary: 
Home again and glad to be back in America! This should 
reach you on the babies' birthday. I shall come to see you all 
as soon as I can arrange it. How I long to see those darling 
twins again! 
I wonder if they are still keeping up with the Government 
standard weights and measurements? This is what the average 
child at two years of age usually weighs and measures Boys, 
27% pounds; height, ^A inches. Girls, 26^4 pounds; height, 
33^ inches. 
At the age of two years a new diet list is generally needed, 
so here is one for you. Each child needs about one quart 
of milk daily still, but this does not mean he should drink it 
all. Part of it is to be used on the cereals, part in desserts, 
and sometimes in the milk soups, cocoa, or milk toast. If a 
mother insists on her child drinking too much milk, he will 
not take the solid foods he now needs to build up all the dif- 
ferent growing bones and tissues. A varied diet is very essen- 
tial to all growing children. If a child will not take any one 
article of food that is especially -good for him, never give him 
something else he prefers in its place, but give him that one 
article alone, until he is hungry enough to take it. Children 
often have peculiar whims about foods, such as saying they 
"hate spinach''; if the mother gives in to such whims, before 
long the diet list will be exceedingly limited and the child will 
take only what he happens to fancy. 
Some children have food idiosyncrasies, that is, a certain 
article, like eggs or fish, makes them acutely ill every time it is 
taken. In such a case of course the article should be given up. 
Half an hour before breakfast it is still advisable to give 
either the juice of an orange or some other fruit juice. If the 
babies do not wake up in time for this, then the extra fruit 
juice may be given between breakfast- and dinner, but fruit 
juice given in the early morning usually regulates the bowels best. 
44 Breakfast-7.30 A.M. Three large tablespoonfuls of a thor- 
oughly cooked cereal; any cereal, that is cooked well, may now be 
allowed, and it does not need to be strained, two to three ounces 
of top milk and a pinch of salt being poured over it; one slice 
of stale bread with little butter, or toast, or graham, whole 
wheat, or yellow cornmeal muffin, if it is at least twenty-four 
hours old. One soft-boiled, coddled, or poached egg, or else 
two strips of broiled breakfast bacon (never fry it), six ounces 
of milk to drink. 
Dinner-12.30 to I P.M. Four to six ounces of mutton, 
chicken, beef, or veal broths, or vegetable soup, thickened with 
a little rice or barley. One tablespoonful of rare roast beef, 
scraped beef, beefsteak, lamb chop, or white meat of chicken. 
Once weekly substitute broiled or boiled white fish for the 
meat. One baked potato, or else one tablespoonful of macaroni, 
or spaghetti, or rice. One large tablespoonful of a green vege- 
table, as squash, spinach, carrots, young beets, cauliflower, 
asparagus tips, peas, string beans, or lima beans. It is usually 
still best to strain these. One piece of stale bread and butter. 
No milk, only water to drink. Dessert-rice pudding, Brown 
Betty, boiled custard, junket, blanc-mange, orange or other 
fruit-juice gelatin, apple snow, prune whip, or once a week 
home-made vanilla ice-cream, if desired. One to two level table- 
spoonfuls of these desserts may be allowed. 
Supper-5.30 to 6 P.M. A vegetable puree soup, as lentil, 
split pea, or fresh green vegetable purees, six ounces of one of 
these, or else two to three tablespoonfuls of a light cereal, as 
farina, cream of wheat, or a cereal jelly with top milk on these. 
Or else milk toast, or stale bread and milk. Slice of stale bread 
and butter or toast and butter may be given except when two 
latter articles are given. If no egg was had for breakfast, a 
poached egg on toast with a little hot milk poured over it may 
be given as variety in place of the cereals or soups, etc. 
One tablespoonful of prune jelly, baked apple, apple sauce, 
or mashed-up peaches, one Wheatsworth cracker or one small 
piece of gingerbread, or a home-made cooky may be allowed 
also. Some few children cannot take fruit, even cooked, with 
milk; in such cases the fruit desserts for supper should be omitted 
and given at dinner-time instead. Either one cup of Phillip's 
cocoa made with at least two-thirds milk or else six ounces of 
plain milk to drink should be given with this meal also. 
Children at this age differ considerably as to the amount of 
45 food needed for the supper meal. If a child is inclined to be 
restless and a poor sleeper, do not give so heavy a supper; if 
not the entire menu may be allowed. Children sometimes get 
too much starchy food if they have a cereal twice daily, hence 
the purees and egg make a good change, for part of a week, 
at least. 
If a child gets very hungry between dinner and supper a 
scraped raw apple or possibly ripe peach, or orange cut in half 
and eaten with a spoon, may be allowed. Do not give crackers, 
cake, etc., between meals; this is a bad habit to form and keeps 
the digestive organs constantly at work when they should have 
a little time to rest before the next meal. 
Water should still be given at least three times daily between 
meals. 
The recipes for food mentioned here may be taken from 
any good cook book, if you have not had them already. 
You asked me last time if your babies might not have a little 
candy sometimes. Candy is not at all an essential, but one 
peppermint, a small piece of molasses candy, maple sugar, or 
barley candy may be allowed after dinner two or three times 
weekly. Never allow it between meals. 
Jack and Polly should both keep on the very thin silk-and- 
wool band with shoulder-straps this summer, and omit the 
little gauze shirt on hot days. They should wear a very thin 
cotton waist or "skeleton waist" onto which the cotton drawers 
and garters button. Polly will have a little flannel skirt except 
when it is very warm, then a white skirt may be used when 
she is dressed for the afternoon; in the morning let her wear 
her gingham bloomers and little gingham dresses. Jack, of 
course, has little "boy suits" of colored gingham for the morn- 
ing and white for dress-up occasions. Long cotton stockings 
and light canvas laced shoes with a little spring heel should 
be worn by both babies this summer. For winter they will 
need a heavier leather shoe and either light merino stockings 
or very heavy cotton ones and long, part wool drawers to tuck 
into them, with part wool shirt, too, of course. They should 
both wear night-drawers now. 
You say Jack is inclined to be constipated sometimes, and 
want to know what foods are especially laxative; here is a list 
of laxative foods he may have when needed: 
Bran gems, graham mush, yellow cornmeal mush, oatmeal, 
whole-wheat and graham breads, gingerbread, molasses cookies, 
46 fruits, and green vegetables. Some children may take pure 
olive oil on the green vegetables to help move the bowels, others 
cannot stand this at all. A very little fine bran may be stirred 
into a breakfast cereal sometimes. 
How I should love to be with you for the birthday party 
you plan to give. You are sensible to have only four little 
guests and such a simple menu, only the regular supper with 
the one-egg birthday cake with simple white frosting, and home- 
made vanilla cream. 
I am sure it will not upset any of the little guests; having 
a party at the regular dinner or supper hour is always the best 
way to plan such larks for little folks. 
In one of your letters you asked me at what age the babies 
should be allowed to give up the regular nap. Keep this up 
just as long as possible; even when they will no longer sleep, 
make them rest for an hour at least until they are four or five 
years old. Many older children are much better for a rest 
period after their noonday meal. 
Your babies may take their nap after dinner now if more 
convenient than at u A.M. The special nap hour must depend 
on the meal hours, etc., in each family; children should not be 
allowed to sleep after 2. 30 p.m. in the afternoon, however, be- 
cause if they do so, they will not be ready to go to bed by 7 p.m. 
in the evening. The early evening sleep is most important and 
must be insisted upon in any case. Partly undress the babies 
when they take their nap and put on a cool little wrapper or 
night-dress. 
If the afternoon nap were insisted upon by all mothers, 
there would be fewer whiny children and many fewer cases of 
nervous breakdown later in life. 
You also asked me about worms in one of your letters. 
Worms in children are not nearly so common as some persons 
seem to think. Many symptoms attributed to worms are really 
due to indigestion or adenoids. Restless sleep, picking at the 
nose, bad breath, being nervous and cross-all may mean indi- 
gestion or adenoids quite as readily as worms. If you actually 
see little white, thread-like particles that move in the stools, 
or a large round worm five or six inches in length which resembles 
the common earth worm, then you may be sure the child has 
worms and you should lose no time in calling your doctor to 
prescribe. Be sure to save the worm for him to examine. 
Never, under any circumstances, give patent "worm remedies" 
47 to your children. A great deal of harm may be done by too 
much medicine if given internally. Castor oil, milk of mag- 
nesia, bicarbonate of soda, and a little mustard as an emetic 
are all the internal remedies a mother should give without 
first consulting her family physician. 
I hope you will get away for your camping trip before the 
babies contract either measles or whooping-cough, which you 
write me are so prevalent in your neighborhood. Mothers 
often very wrongly think all children must have these diseases 
and expose their babies very unnecessarily just to "get it over 
with." This is little less than a crime. Every precaution 
should be taken to prevent any child from having any one of 
the infectious diseases. The complications of measles and 
whooping-cough are many and very serious in nature. 
If you notice your children have sudden fever, vomiting, 
severe colds with persistent discharges from nose, and reddened 
eyes, sore throat, or skin rashes which you cannot account for, 
it is your duty to promptly isolate the child and send for your 
doctor. If every mother did this, there would be many fewer 
cases of infectious diseases among children and hundreds of 
little lives saved every year. 
Paper handkerchiefs or gauze, that may be burnt after 
being used once or twice, should be used by all children who 
have an infectious disease or any form of bad cold with nose 
and throat discharges. It is now thought that most of the 
infectious diseases are spread by the discharges from nose and 
throat of the patient. 
Do not attempt to treat an infectious disease by yourself; 
call in your doctor and strictly obey his orders while the child 
is ill. 
I think you asked me to make you out a list of things to 
take with you on your camping trip and tell you what to do 
in the most common emergencies that may occur while you 
are waiting for the doctor, who will be some distance from you 
this summer. 
I am enclosing some first-aid rules for you, Mary dear, and 
also a list of articles, many of which you, no doubt, already 
have on hand. One of my doctor friends helped me with the 
list and instructions, so you may be sure they are safe. 
Now I must really close. I am so glad you have found my 
letters helpful, and I want you to tell all your young mother- 
friends about my book and suggest that the publishers will be 
48 glad to send them copies for a very nominal sum. I love babies 
so much that their welfare is my life-work, as you know, and the 
more mothers I can help the better I like it. 
Hoping to see you before very long, and with many hugs 
and kisses for those darling twins, I am as ever, 
Lovingly, 
Belle. 
49 Aunt Belles Comfort Alphabet 
or Fir sf Aid for the Babies. 
A 
ACHES: 
EARACHE-Apply dry heat, as a hot-water bag or a hot flannel, to the 
ear. If no relief, then syringe the ear with warm water, using a soft rubber 
ear syringe. Do not drop oil nor anything else into the ear without orders 
from a doctor. 
HEADACHE-Bathe the head with cold water or put compresses of 
witch hazel on the head, changing these often enough to keep them cold. 
Have the child lie still in a quiet room, slightly darkened, and see that the 
bowels have moved freely. Give hot, clear broth to drink. Have the eyes 
tested if headaches are frequent. 
STOMACHACHE-Apply a hot-water bag or hot flannels to the abdo- 
men. Give an enema with one teaspoonful of soda bicarbonate to one 
pint of warm water. Give three or four ounces of hot water to drink, using 
a pinch of soda bicarbonate in this. Warm the hands and feet. 
TOOTHACHE-Hold hot water in the mouth, apply a hot-water bag 
to the outside of the cheek, or if there is a cavity apply a drop of oil of cloves 
on a bit of cotton and pack this in the cavity until a dentist may be reached. 
B 
BROKEN BONES-See Fractures. 
BUMPS AND BRUISES-Apply cloths wrung out of hot water, chang- 
ing these often enough to keep them hot for five or ten minutes. Then 
apply cold compresses of cold water or witch hazel or wrap a little ice in 
cotton and apply to the part. A bandage dipped in cold water or witch 
hazel may be applied to the part sometimes. 
BUR'NS-If slight and skin is unbroken, dust with soda bicarbonate or 
powder and exclude ad ai»' at once by a layer of thin cotton bandaged on. When 
the skin is br»kep and glisters have formed, prick the blister at its lower 
edge with a sterilized needle to let out the water, but be careful not to remove 
the skin, as it makes a valuable covering for the raw surface underneath. 
Apply a wet dressing made by dipping clean soft linen or sterile gauze in a 
solution of bicarbonate of soda and exclude all air by cotton and bandage. 
Olive oil, carron oil, or vaseline may be used, but the sterile watery solution 
is better. If there is much shock or prostration from the burn, a mus- 
tard paste may be applied over the heart, hot-water bags placed at the feet, 
and for a stimulant a drink of hot, black coffee may be given until the doctor 
can prescribe. Clothing should be cut away from around a burn and not 
pulled off. 
Burns from the sun should be treated by dusting with Mennen Kora- 
Konia, or applying Mennen Cold Cream, whichever seems to relieve most. 
50 C 
CHAFING-Mennen Kora-Konia should be freely applied and the 
parts bathed with olive oil in place of water for a few days. 
COLDS-Keep away from others as much as possible, give castor oil. 
Omit the tub bath; dilute food a little. Drop liquid albolene up the nose. 
Keep child in the house a few days, but have the room well ventilated. Call 
in doctor if child wheezes or has fever. 
COLIC-Warm hands and feet, apply hot-water bag or flannel to stomach, 
give warm water with pinch of soda bicarbonate in it to drink, and by 
rectum in baby syringe. Hold baby up over shoulder and pat up gas. 
CONJUNCTIVITIS OR PINK EYE-Bathe eyes with solution of cold 
boric acid, one teaspoonful to one pint of water. Use separate piece of cot- 
ton to each eye. Obtain eye drops at once from doctor if any pus is seen. 
CONSTIPATION (ACUTE)-Give an enema of two ounces of olive 
oil and two teaspoonfuls of glycerine, or a high enema with a fountain syringe, 
of one teaspoonful of soda bicarbonate to each pint of tepid water. Give 
milk of magnesia, one teaspoonful to one tablespoonful by mouth. Have 
diet looked into. 
CONVULSIONS-Apply cloths wrung out of very cold water to the 
head, or an ice cap if possible. Give enema of soapy water. Have plenty 
of hot water ready for bath if doctor thinks best. If he is long in coming, 
put child's feet in mustard water, one tablespoonful of mustard to one gal- 
lon of water 102° F. Wrap the body in a large towel wrung out of mus- 
tard water, two tablespoonfuls of mustard to one quart of tepid water. When 
body, legs, and feet are red, remove and dry them and wrap child in thin 
blanket, being careful to keep the head cold all the time. 
CROUP (SPASMODIC)-Give steam inhalations under a tent, apply 
hot cloths to throat, make child vomit with pinch of mustard in lukewarm 
Water. Summon doctor. Membraneous croup comes on more gradually, 
will not yield to this treatment, and requires injections of antitoxin at once. 
These must be given by a doctor. 
COUGHS-Give inhalations of steam as for croup if cough is harsh and 
dry. Castor oil to carry off mucous, and apply a mustard paste to chest. 
One tablespoonful mustard to five tablespoonfuls of flour mixed to a smooth 
paste with little cold water and spread between two layers of thin muslin. 
Wrap this about chest, back and front (pulling it up well under the arms), 
until skin is red, from five to ten minutes. Rub a little olive oil on chest 
before and after. Keep child in bed while mustard and steam are used. 
Have doctor examine chest as soon as possible. Do not give patent cough 
mixtures or other drugs without written prescription from doctor. 
CUTS-See Hemorrhages and Wounds. 
D 
DANDRUFF-Wash scalp thoroughly with Mennen Tar Shampooing 
Cream. 
DIARRHCEA-Stop milk and all food for twelve hours, giving boiled 
water to drink freely. If at all severe give castor oil (one teaspoonful to one 
tablespoonful, according to age of child). Later give barley, rice, or wheat 
water or gruels, gradually adding milk to these as stools improve. If breast- 
fed baby, give two ounces of the gruel just before each meal and nurse a 
shorter time at breast than usual. Use boiled or skimmed milk when first re- 
turning to it, adding this to the gruels. For older children broths and thin wheat 
51 or rice or barley cereals may be allowed after twelve to twenty-four hours, 
as a rule. If stools are foul or any fever is present a high irrigation of bowels 
with one teaspoonful of soda bicarbonate to each pint of boiled tepid water 
is advisable. Call doctor if no marked improvement in twelve hours. 
E 
EARACHE-See Aches. 
ECZEMA-Apply Mennen Kora-Konia, omit water on parts, bathe 
them with olive oil. Have food regulated by doctor. Keep bowels open. 
F 
FEVER-Put child to bed in room by himself; keep quiet. Dilute food 
or give only boiled water for few hours. Give sponge bath with two table- 
spoonfuls of alcohol to pint of tepid water. Keep cold compresses on head- 
Give castor oil or an enema if bowels have not moved freely. Call doctor if 
fever continues more than twenty-four hours or other bad symptoms develop. 
FOREIGN BODIES SWALLOWED-Examine throat with finger, and 
if body is there try to make child vomit and bring it up, turning him upside 
down and giving a smart pat on the back. If not there, give child plenty 
of soft rather dry food, as potatoes, or bread, or oatmeal. Never give a 
cathartic like castor oil. Watch stools carefully to see if body is passed. 
If any pain is present, summon doctor who may want an X-Ray taken. 
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EAR-If not far in the ear try to remove 
it with the fingers; if not plainly visible do not attempt this but take child 
at once to doctor. 
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE NOSE-Compress nostril which is empty 
and have child blow hard with side that has body in it. Tickle nose with 
feather to make child sneeze or let him smell a little pepper. Call doctor if 
this does not remove body at once. 
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EYE-Have child blow nose, try to 
remove with end of clean handkerchief dipped in boric-acid solution. Call 
doctor if this cannot be done quickly. 
FRACTURES-Keep part perfectly still until doctor can arrive. Bind 
a small pillow or splint around part if child has to be moved, as much depends 
on not allowing bone to come through the flesh. 
FROST BITES-Rub part with snow or very cold water. Keep away 
from heat; later on apply Mennen Cold Cream. 
G 
GAS-See Colic and Stomachache. 
GLANDS (ENLARGED)-If in the neck, examine throat for spots and 
calk doctor at once. If no spots, apply cold compresses of witch hazel or 
alcohol and water to throat or else a small ice-bag. See doctor as soon as 
possible. 
H 
HEADACHE-See Aches. 
HEMORRHAGES (FROM NOSE)-Place child in semi-upright posi- 
tion, apply ice wrapped in cotton to outside of nose over bridge and also 
at back of neck. Press hard on upper lip close under the nose or pack a 
wad of tissue paper firmly under the upper lip. Do not allow child to blow 
nose for some time afterward. If nose-bleeds occur often, have doctor 
examine child for special causes. 
52 In hemorrhages from a severed artery the blood comes in jerks and is 
bright red. Make a tourniquet by twisting a folded handkerchief and knot- 
ting it, put a stick through the knot, and twist very hard above the bleeding 
point, holding it until doctor can arrive. 
Pressure and cold applications with perfect quiet are to be tried for 
hemorrhages in general. 
H 
HIVES-Bathe with one teaspoonful of soda bicarbonate to one pint of 
water and give pinch of soda bicarbonate in all milk and water taken by child. 
Apply Mennen Kora-Konia freely after bathing each time. Keep bowels 
open. Look into diet for cause. 
I 
IVY POISONING-Apply cloths wet in bicarbonate of soda solution (one 
teaspoonful to one pint of water), later apply Mennen Kora-Konia. Keep 
bowels open. 
INDIGESTION (ACUTE)-See colic and stomachache, also give castor 
oil. 
M 
MOSQUITO BITES-Apply camphor water, witch hazel, or bicarbonate 
of soda solution, on a compress. Powder well with Mennen Kora-Konia. 
Bites from other insects may be treated in the same manner until the doctor 
sees them. 
N 
NOSE-BLEED-See hemorrhages. 
O 
OPHTHALMIA-Summon doctor at once and see Conjunctivitis until he 
can arrive. 
P 
POISONING-Only general treatment can be given until exact nature 
of article taken can be told, then special antidote should be given. Try to 
make child vomit by running finger down his throat, tickling back of throat 
with a feather, or by mustard and warm water, one teaspoonful of mustard 
to a large cupful of warm water. This may be repeated in fifteen minutes 
if needed. Keep him as still as possible, and warm hands and feet if cold. 
It is most important for doctor to know just what caused the poisoning, so 
that all matter vomited should be saved for his inspection, if mother is not 
sure what the child took. After the child has vomited freely, hot milk or 
hot water may be taken, if there is much prostration. 
PRICKLY HEAT - Give soda bicarbonate baths and apply Mennen 
Kora-Konia freely. 
R 
RASHES-These are so varied it is often difficult for a mother to tell 
the cause. It is always safer to isolate a child with an eruption until diagnosis 
can be mad'e. General rule is to reduce food, give plenty of boiled water, 
keep bowels open, and if any fever at all put child to bed until doctor can 
see him. Indigestion and infectious diseases are the most common causes 
of rashes. For all itching or weeping surfaces it is always safe to apply 
Mennen Kora-Konia, as this soothes and heals. 
53 s 
SCALDS-See Burns. 
SORE THROAT-Keep child by himself. If spots are seen call doctor 
immediately. Gargle with boric-acid solution or bicarbonate of soda until 
doctor arrives or use throat atomizer. Apply cold compress to outside of 
throat. See that bowels are open, reduce food. Sore throat accompanied 
by bloody discharge from nose, even if no spots are in throat, may mean 
diphtheria, and no time should be lost in calling doctor. 
SPRUE-Very gently swab out mouth with one teaspoonful of soda 
bicarbonate to three ounces of boiled water after each meal, and three or 
four times daily with boric-acid solution. One teaspoonful to one pint 
boiled water. 
SPRAINS-Place the part in hot water first and soak for some minutes, 
elevate it, and then bandage it snugly (not too tight) with a bandage wrung 
out of very cold water, or apply an ice-bag to part after bandaging. Keep 
it still until doctor comes, when he may wish to strap it with plaster. 
STOMACHACHE-See Aches. 
T 
THRUSH-See Sprue. 
TONSILS (ENLARGED)-Have them treated by good specialist; re- 
moval is best if they are found to be diseased. 
TONSILLITIS-See Sore Throat. 
TOOTHACHE-See Aches. 
u 
ULCERS IN THE MOUTH OR AT CORNERS OF LIPS-Often found 
in babies. Bathe with boric-acid solution and then dust on a powder of 
equal parts of burnt alum and bismuth subnitrate three times daily. 
URINE (RETENTION OF)-Apply hot flannels wrung out of hot 
water, directly over the bladder, changing these often enough to keep them 
hot for ten minutes. If no results, then alternate hot flannel with cold com- 
presses until urine is passed. Call doctor if trouble continues. 
URINE (TOO FREQUENT PASSAGE OF)-Urine should be tested 
by doctor, if possible at once; until this can be done, give less fluid food and 
keen child from excitement. 
V 
VOMITING-For acute attack keep child perfectly quiet. No food for 
twelve hours, only boiled water to drink, later on barley water in small quan- 
tities may be tried. Keep bowels open by high enemas with soda bicarbo- 
nate, one teaspoonful to one pint of water. Make interval between meals 
longer when first returning to food. If vomiting is severe apply a mustard 
paste over pit of stomach until skin is red. One teaspoonful of mustard 
to five teaspoonfuls of flour mixed into a batter with little cold water and 
spread between two layers of thin muslin. Many diseases begin with an 
attack of vomiting, and it is always best to call doctor if possible. 
w 
WOUNDS-If only a simple cut apply tincture of iodine on a cotton 
swab to the wound and surrounding tissues, then apply a sterile gauze pad 
and bandage carefully. If dirt is seen in the cut or wound, it should be 
washed out with water that has been well boiled and cooled. See Hemor- 
rhages also. If the wound gapes much, try to keep edges together with strips 
of adhesive plaster until doctor can arrive. 
54 HOW TO GIVE AN ENEMA 
For a young infant use the bulb syringe which holds one or two ounces 
of water. Make a little soapsuds with Mennen Borated Skin Soap with 
boiled water cooled to 98° F., fill the syringe with this solution, grease the 
tip of the syringe with vaseline, place the baby on his side or back with a 
rubber sheet under him, insert the tip of the .syringe, and squeeze the bulb. 
If the baby is then held over a small chamber, the water will usually be 
expelled shortly. Olive oil may be used in the syringe in the same manner. 
Warm boiled water with a little bicarbonate of soda may also be used in 
this way for the quick relief of colic, and the baby's abdomen massaged 
afterward. 
Enemas are only for occasional use when a quick result is wanted, such 
as a bowel movement before the child is put to bed, or for a bad attack of 
colic, or for a convulsion. They should not be given every day for habitual 
constipation unless expressly ordered by the family physician. 
HOW TO GIVE A HIGH IRRIGATION OF THE BOWELS 
For a high irrigation in case of severe indigestion, summer diarrhoea, or 
intestinal infection of any kind, use the large fountain syringe with a long 
soft rubber catheter attached. The catheter should have a hole in the end 
and one in the side also if possible. The size of the catheter depends on the 
age of the child, from sixteen to eighteen American scale. 
Boil one to two quarts of water for ten minutes with either salt or bicar- 
bonate of soda in it, using one level teaspoonful of either ingredient to each 
pint of the water. Cool this to 98° to ioo° F. Put it into the bag of the 
fountain syringe which should hang about three feet abovethe table on which 
the child lies. Have the child lie on his back or side. Grease the catheter 
well with vaseline. Insert the tip of catheter for about one inch into the 
child's rectum, then turn on the water and very gently work the catheter 
up its whole length or about one foot at least, if this can be done without 
resistance. Allow the solution to flow in and run out again until bag is 
empty. Then detach the catheter from the syringe, but leave it in the child's 
bowels, and gently massage the abdomen so that all water runs out through 
the catheter; when no more water comes, remove the catheter from the child. 
If the child lies on a table covered with rubber or enamel cloth which drains 
down into a pail the irrigation can be given very neatly. Except in an 
emergency, a doctor should order this high irrigation, but many mothers do 
not know at all how to give it even when ordered and a busy doctor often 
does not take time to go into details. 
HOW TO TAKE A BABY'S TEMPERATURE 
Get a clinical thermometer with figures plainly marked on it. A one- 
minute thermometer is best, or ask the druggist just how long the special 
thermometer should be left in place. Place the baby on his stomach or 
side, grease the thermometer and insert it about one inch into the rectum, 
leaving it there for two to three minutes, then withdraw it and read in a 
good light. Normal rectal temperature of babies and young children vary 
between 98° and 99.5° F.; if the temperatue is 970 or ioo° no alarm need 
be felt if this does not continue. A temperature that remains above or 
below these points for more than a few hours requires the attention of a 
physician. 
55 The Mother's Emergency Box 
x Box of sterile gauze (5 yards). 
1 Pound of absorbent cotton. 
1 Roll of clean old linen. 
4 Gauze bandages in different widths. 
1 Spool of adhesive .plaster or tape 
two inches wide. 
1 Medicine-dropper. 
1 Medicine-glass. 
1 Fountain syringe with attachments 
and rubber catheter. 
1 Bulb syringe. 
1-Ounce bottle liquid albolene. 
2-0unce bottle of castor oil. 
2-0unce bottle of olive oil. 
6-0unce bottle of milk of magnesia. 
X-Pound tin of English mustard. 
To be kept locked 
% Pound of soda bicarbonate 
6-0unce bottle of witch hazel. 
4-Ounce bottle alcohol. 
i Tube vaseline. 
2-0unce bottle tincture of iodine, to 
be diluted with equal parts of 
alcohol when used. 
I Large-sized box Mennen Kcra- 
Konia. 
I Tube Mennen Cold Cream. 
i Tube Mennen Tar Shampooing 
Cream. 
i Clinical thermometer. 
% Pound boric-acid powder. 
X-Ounce bottle of oil of cloves. 
2-0unce bottle of glycerine. 
The only drug here that might cause poisoning is tincture of iodine. If a 
child takes this, try to make, him vomit first, then give him plenty of boiled 
starch or flour paste. 
56 PRObUCTS 
On the following pages 
we briefly tell of Mennen 
Products to which Aunt 
Belle has referred, to- 
gether with other prepara- 
tions designed for adult use. 
It will be a pleasure to 
mail samples of any of 
these products in which 
you are interested. 
57 TALCUM POWb^R 
TT seems almost unnecessary to tell mothers 
about Mennen Borated Talcum. Three 
generations of mothers, nurses and doctors 
have endorsed Mennen's as the perfect, safe 
talcum for babies. 
Until the introduction of this scientifically 
compounded powder, babies were powdered 
with coarse fullers' earth, mixtures of chalk 
and corn starch, or other starch or rice flour 
compounds. 
These vegetable powders are always rough 
to a sensitive skin, and more so if they be- 
come wet on the skin, either by water or 
perspiration; then they often lump together, 
and so, enclosed in the folds of the skin, by 
the natural heat of the body they turn sour 
and ferment. This sour fermentation causes 
inflammation of the skin and a number of 
other diseases. 
Mennen Borated Talcum is composed of 
the purest talc, which is a mineral powder, 
58 and therefore is not affected by moisture, 
but absorbs it, cooling the skin and forming a 
protection against all irritating friction. Boric 
acid, a mild efficient antiseptic, is added in 
just the right proportion. 
Mennen Borated Talcum has also an ad- 
hesive quality. It clings to the skin and is 
not quickly rubbed off like many other 
talcums. This, of course, means that the 
baby is always comfortable, and also is 
saving in powder since one application gives 
longer relief. 
Many talcum powders are made with 
coarse, cheap and impure talc and with ex- 
c :sive amounts of medication and perfume. 
\ ese are extremely bad for tender skins, 
p fticularly of infants, and should never 
be used. 
Of course, there are other good talcums, 
but is it wise to experiment on baby's sensi- 
tive skin? You know that Mennen's is safe 
and efficient and that it has comforted millions 
of babies for many years. Its formula is 
scientific-just the right amount of each 
ingredient and not too much of anything. 
It is the perfect talcum. 
And, if it's safer for baby, doesn't that 
mean that it is the best talcum for your own 
skin? Do you know the exquisite comfort 
of a talcum shower after your bath? Dust 
talcum between the sheets on a hot night. 
Shake it in tight shoes. 
Mennen Borated Talcum means relief 
from every form of skin irritation. 
Use it freely. 
59 KORfl-KOHIfl 
A LOT of people have the mistaken idea that Kora-Konia is a sort of 
talcum or toilet powder. It is more than that. Kora-Konia actually 
heals and exerts an effective antiseptic action. Almost any serious skin 
affection due to external cause yields readily to Kora-Kornia treatment. 
It gives complete and lasting relief to chafed skin, bums, minor cuts and 
bruises. For diaper and teething rashes it is unquestionably the most valu- 
able remedy available. 
CHAFING. To see how easily skin is chafed, rub the soft part of your 
arm briskly for thirty seconds with the ball of your thumb. You will then 
understand why hot weather or tight garments cause acute torture. Kora- 
Konia quickly heals raw or inflamed skin. It clings to the skin for hours 
and is not easily rubbed off. It is moisture-resisting so that perspiration 
does not readily wash it away. It interposes a silky film between skin and 
clothing which prevents friction. 
CUTS AND SCRATCHES. Kora-Konia is fine for quick applica- 
tion to the minor cuts and scratches which children are always getting. It 
quickly dries up the wound and reduces pain. It is antiseptic and prevents 
infection. Teach children to run to Kora-Konia at once whenever they get 
hurt. 
SKIN IRRITATIONS. Almost any nervous skin irritation, as for 
example the discomfort always suffered by bed patients, is greatly relieved 
by Kora-Konia. It is an effective treatment for bed sores and heals even the 
more obstinate cases. Hospitals and nurses are using Kora-Konia for this 
purpose with gratifying results. 
BABY RASHES. The involuntary habits of babies often result in 
severe cases of scalding and the friction of damp coverings rubs raw the 
flower-like skin. Most babies are subject to discomfort which an adult 
could hardly endure. Kora-Konia is really wonderful for diaper rash and 
teething rash. It cools, soothes, and heals. It is adhesive, moisture-resist- 
ing, and absorbent. It is so gentle in its action that it can be used on the 
most sensitive skin or even on sores so painful that nothing else can be applied. 
BURNS. Nothing as effective as Kora-Konia has ever been found for 
sunburn, scalds, and ordinary burns. Even the most severe cases of sunburn 
are quickly relieved. The skin becomes cool. The smarting disappears. 
Redness soon changes to a healthy pink. Garments can be worn without 
pain. Complete recovery is hastened. Don't expose yourself to sunburn 
unless Kora-Konia is handy. Keep a box always available for emergency 
burns. 
60 A few of the various uses in which Kora-Konia will be found helpful in 
the Home, Sick Room and for Baby. 
GENERAL DIRECTIONS: Cover part affected with Kora-Konia 
and rub gently with hand once or twice to make it adhere. Kora-Konia is 
a soothing, healing and protective agent and is not meant to replace internal 
or systemic treatment. 
Babies' Heads for 
Milk Crust 
Diaper Rash 
Fever Sores 
Insect Bites 
Inflammation of Skin 
Nettle Rash 
Prickly Heat 
Ring Worms 
Roughness of Skin 
FOR BABY 
Skin Affections 
Teething Rash 
Tender Skin 
Umbilical Dressing 
Abrasions 
Acne 
Bed Sores 
Bites 
Blisters 
Blotches 
Boils 
Bruises 
Bunions 
Burns 
Chafing 
Chapping 
Chilblain 
Poison Ivy 
Prickly Heat 
Rash 
Scalding 
Cracked Skin 
Corns 
Cuts, Wounds, etc. 
Eruptions (Skin) 
Feet, care of 
Frost Bite 
Ground Itch 
Hands, chapped or 
rough 
Heat Rash 
Hives 
Itching 
Irritation of Skin 
Intertrigo 
Scarlatina 
Skin Troubles 
Shingles 
Sores 
Stings 
IN THE HOME 
Sunburn 
Scrofula 
Soft Corns 
Salt Rash 
Wounds 
KORA-KONIA is for 
sale by druggists in con- 
venient, sifter-top packages, 
or direct by mail by the 
manufacturers for 35 cents 
postpaid. 
61 TALCUM FOR 
^TpHIS powder has won 
x a very large following 
among men for use after 
shaving. Its peculiar virtue 
is that it doesn't show like 
a white powder. 
It has a neutral tone and 
is delicately perfumed. 
S^HT^b TflL^UI*! 
THIS is simply our reg- 
ular talcum, than which 
nothing finer or purer has 
ever been produced, with 
the addition of a delight- 
ful perfume-delicate and 
subtle rather than objec- 
tionably aggressive, but 
lasting in its charming fra- 
grance. 
It is self-gratifying rather 
than self-advertising-dis- 
tinctly a toilet accessory 
for a lady. 
62 MENNEN 
b^HTIFRK^ 
WE produced this valuable dentifrice some years ago in 
response to the urgent demand of almost the entire dental 
profession for a non-alkaline dentifrice which conformed to the 
principles laid down by Professor Pickering, one of the leading 
dental scientists of the world. 
Professor Pickering insists that an alkaline dentifrice (many 
of the best-selling dentifrices are strongly alkaline) is dangerous 
because it paralyzes the salivary glands and checks the flow of 
saliva, which is Nature's only protection for the teeth. He also 
advocated the use of fruit derivatives, which stimulate the flow 
of saliva. 
Mennen Cream Dentifrice is first of all a remarkable cleanser. 
It contains a mild fruit derivative which noticeably increases 
the flow of saliva for a considerable time and which emulsifies 
deposits of tartar. It polishes the teeth without grinding and 
scratching the enamel the way a gritty paste does. 
Our dentifrice gives an antiseptic action, leaving the mouth 
cool and refreshed and guarded against infection. 
It is delightful to use. 
Mennen Cream Dentifrice is highly endorsed by the Dental 
profession and is scientifically compounded in accordance with 
sound and accepted principles. 
Its use is strongly recommended, especially for children 
because of its absolute safety. 
63 M^nn^n 
TARSHAMPOO 
EVERYONE who has tried Mennen 
Tar Shampoo regards it very highly. 
It is composed of quick lathering and 
cleansing oils in combination with in- 
gredients which leave the scalp cool and 
refreshed and the hair lustrously clean 
and entirely manageable. In fact, it is 
the ease with which the hair can be man- 
aged afterwards which most appeals to 
women who use our shampoo. 
Ladies with light hair have told us that 
it is the only tar shampoo that they can use. 
The collapsible tube is cleanly, sanitary 
and convenient, especially for travelling. 
COLb CREhM 
MENNEN Cold Cream is chemically 
pure and of the finest possible 
quality. 
It cleanses and invigorates the skin, 
giving to it a satiny texture, and protects 
it from wind and weather. 
The use of cold cream is especially ad- 
visable if soap is used on the face or if 
the skin is naturally dry. 
64 MEnn^N BORRTED 
SKin sohP 
jyjENNEN Borated Skin Soap is a very 
x x pure soap, specially medicated, non- 
irritant, fragrant and refreshing. 
It is by all odds the safest soap obtainable 
for Baby's bath-much more so than many 
foreign soaps which may be prepared with 
little consideration for the absolute purity 
demanded in a baby soap. 
Mennen Borated Skin Soap is used in 
hospitals and clinics and is highly endorsed 
by doctors and nurses. 
For the Toilet, 
Nursery and Bath 
65 66 INDEX 
Aches-Earache, Headache, Stomach- 
ache, Toothache, 50. 
Age at which average baby begins to 
talk, 36. 
Age at which average baby begins to 
walk, 36 
Age at which baby may be completely 
trained not to wet diapers, 39. 
Age at which baby may take his first 
dip in the ocean, 39. 
Age at which baby should be put in 
short clothes, 24. 
Age at which to begin propping 
baby up, 26. 
Articles needed for preparing food, 
13- 
Articles to take on a camping trip, 56. 
Baby's second summer, 38, 39. 
Bath-How to give, 15, 16, 17, 18. 
Bath-Temperature of, 7. 
Bathing-How often and best time 
for, 15, 42. 
Bathing-Ocean, 39. 
Bath tub and other necessities, 6, 7. 
Bedtime, 36, 47. 
Bed-wetting, 41, 42. 
Beef Juice, 32. 
Birth Announcement, 8. 
Birth Registry, 8. 
Birthday Party-The first, 47. 
Boiled milk, 11. 
Bottle-How to give, 14. 
Bottle-How to take care of, 13. 
Bottle-Size and kind, 13. 
Bowels-High irrigation of, 55. 
Bowels-Keeping open, 9. 
Bringing baby to family table, 40. 
Broken Bones, 50. 
Broths, 33. 
Bumps and Bruises, 50. 
Burns, 50. 
(Numbers refer to pages) 
Camping trip-Articles to take, 56. 
Candy, 46. 
Care of bottle, 13, 14. 
Care of Diapers, 22. 
Care of Eyes, 8, 18. 
Care of Hair and Scalp, 42. 
Care of Nipples, II, 13. 
Care of Skin, 16, 29, 38. 
Carriage, 20. 
Castor Oil, 25, 48. 
Cereals, 33. 
Chafing, 22, 25, 38, 57. 
Chamber-Training baby to use, 
20, 32, 39, 41. 
Chicken Broth, 33. 
Closing of fontanelle or "soft spot" 
on baby's head, 36. 
Clothing- 
On arrival, 1, 2, 3. 
For winter airing, 29. 
For second summer, 38, 39. 
For third summer, 46. 
For third winter, 46. 
Short Clothes, 24. 
Drawers, 39. 
Rompers, 39. 
Rubber Pants, 24. 
Colds and Croup, 34, 51. 
Colic, 15, 19, 22, 51, 55. 
Conjunctivitis or Pink Eye, 51. 
Constipation, 26, 46, 51. 
Convulsions, 51, 55. 
Cooked Cereals, 33. 
Coughs, 51. 
Crib, 6. 
Croup, 51. 
Cuts, 51. 
Dandruff, 51. 
Day-time naps, 20, 29, 36, 47. 
Diapers-Care of, 22. 
67 INDEX - (Continued) 
Diaper Drawers, 39. 
Diaper Rash, 22. 
Diarrhoea, 25, 51, 55. 
Diet for Baby- 
1st month, 9, 10. 
2nd month, 14. 
8 to 12 weeks, 21. 
4th and 5th months, 26. 
5 months, 30. 
6 months, 30. 
7 months, 30, 
8 months, 33. 
9 months, 33. 
10 months, 33. 
11 months, 33. 
1 year, 36. 
14 to 16 months, 37. 
18 months, 41. 
2 years, 44, 45, 46. 
Second summer, 38. 
Diet for mother, 9. 
Diet Kitchen, 13. 
Drinking-Teaching baby to drink 
from a cup, 36. 
Earache, 50. 
Ear-Removing foreign bodies, 52. 
Eating-Teaching baby how, 40. 
Eczema, 52. 
Emergency box, 56. 
Enema-How to give, 55. 
Exercise pen, 30. 
Eyes-Care of, 8, 16. 
Eyes-Removing foreign bodies, 52. 
Feeding Baby- 
Schedule for young baby, 9. 
Schedule for 8 months, 32. 
Schedule for 1 year, 36. 
Schedule for 18 months, 41. 
Schedule for 2 years, 45. 
Feeding Baby-How to feed from a 
bottle, 14. 
Fever, 52. 
First-aid rules, 50, 55. 
Flies and Mosquitoes, 18. 
Fontanelle or "soft spot " on baby's 
head, 36. 
Food Formulas and Recipes- 
ist month, 9, 10. 
2nd month, 14. 
8 to 12 weeks, 21. 
4th and 5th months, 26. 
3th, 6th, and 7th months, 30. 
8th, gth, 10th, and nth months, 33. 
1 year, 36. 
14 to 16 months, 37. 
Second summer, 38. 
18 months, 41. 
2 years, 44, 45, 46. 
For first birthday party, 47. 
Food-Articles needed for prepara- 
tion, 13. 
Foreign bodies in Ear, 52. 
Foreign bodies in Eye, 52. 
Foreign bodies in Nose, 52. 
Foreign bodies Swallowed, 52. 
Fractures, 52. 
Fresh Air, 20, 29. 
Frost bites, 52. 
Gain in weight-1 to 6 months-after 
6 months, 12, 24. 
Gas, 52. 
Gift for baby's first Christmas, 30. 
Glands-Enlarged, 52. 
Hair-Care of, 42. 
Headache, 50. 
Hemorrhage, 52. 
Hiccoughs, 19. 
Hives, 53. 
Home Remedies-Safe, 48. 
Indigestion, 53, 55. 
Infectious diseases, 48. 
Irrigation of bowels, 55. 
Ivy Poisoning, 53. 
Layette, 1, 2, 3, 4. 
Measles, 48. 
68 I N DEX-( Continued} 
Measure- 
Normal at birth, 12. 
Normal at 3 months, 24. 
Normal at 6 months, 30. 
Normal at 1 year, 36. 
Normal at 18 months, 40. 
Normal at 2 years, 44. 
Menu-For first birthday party, 47. 
Milk- 
Boiled, 12. 
Pasteurized {How to Pasteurize} ,11. 
Supply, 11. 
Keeping it cold, 11, 14. 
Substitute for, 25. 
Proper Temperature for food, 11. 
Morning nap, 20, 29. 
Mosquito bites, 53. 
Mother's- 
Diet, g. 
Emergency box, 56. 
Recreation, 43. 
Rest and Exercise, 10. 
Mutton Broth, 33. 
Navel cord, 8. 
Nipples, 11, 14. 
Nose-bleed, 53. 
Nose-How to remove foreign bodies, 
52. 
Nursery, 5, 6, 7. 
Nursery Furniture, 7. 
Nursery Ice-box, 14. 
Nursery toilet-chair, 20, 32, 39, 41. 
Ophthalmia, 53. 
Orange Juice, 31, 32. 
Pasteurizing milk, 11. 
Patent medicine, 48. 
Pink Eye, 51. 
Poisoning, 53. 
Preparation of Food-List of articles 
needed, 13. 
Prickly-heat rash, 19, 38, 53. 
Propping baby up, 26. 
Question form VI. 
Rashes, 53. 
Recipes and Food Formulas for- 
1st month, 9, 10. 
2 months, 14. 
8 to 12 weeks, 21. 
4th and 5th months, 26. 
5th, 6th, and 7 th months, 30. 
8th, gth, 10th, and nth months, 33. 
1 year, 36. 
14 to 16 months, 37. 
18 months, 41. 
2 years, 44, 45, 46. 
Second summer, 38. 
Rompers, 39. 
Rubber pants, 24. 
Safe home remedies, 48. 
Scalp-Care of, 42. 
Schedule for a young baby's day, 23. 
Schedule for Feeding Baby- 
Young baby, 9. 
8 months, 32. 
I year, 36. 
18 months, 41. 
2 years, 45. 
Second summer, 38. 
Shoes-When to put on stiff soles, 34. 
Short Clothes-When to put on and 
of what they consist, 24. 
Skin-Care of, 29, 38. 
Sleep- 
Day naps, 36, 47. 
Morning naps, 20, 29. 
Hours for night sleep, 36, 47. 
Out-of-doors naps, 20, 29. 
Sleeping-bag, 29. 
Sore Throat, 53. 
Spoiling babies-Keeping people from, 
21. 
Sprains, 54. 
Sprue, 54. 
Stomachache, 50. 
Substitute for milk, 25. 
Sucking habit, 31. 
Sunburn, 38, 50. 
69 INDEX - (Continued) 
Talking-Age at which average baby 
begins, 36. 
Teaching baby to control a fiery 
temper, 40. 
Teaching baby to drink from a cup, 36. 
Teaching baby how to eat, 40. 
Teeth and Teething, 28. 
Temperature-How to take, 55. 
Thrush, 54. 
Thumb-sucking habit, 31. 
Toilet essentials for baby, 3. 
Tonsils-Enlarged, 54. 
Tonsillitis, 54. 
Toothache, 50. 
Toys, 31. 
Travelling-Substitute for fresh milk, 
25- 
Ulcers, 54. 
Urine-Retention of, 54. 
Urine-Too frequent passage, 54. 
Vaccination, 25. 
Vomiting, 54. 
Walking-Age at which average 
baby begins, 36. 
Water-How much needed each day 
and when and how to give it, 20. 
Weaning-When and how to wean 
baby, 34. 
Weight- 
Normal gain in weight 1 to 6 months, 
12. 
Normal gain in weight after 6 
months, 24. 
Normal birthweight, 12. 
Normal weight at 3 months, 24. 
Normal weight at 6 months, 30. 
Normal weight at 1 year, 36. 
Normal weight at 18 months, 40. 
Normal weight at 2 years, 44. 
Whooping-cough, 48. 
Worms, 47. 
Wounds, 54. 
70