•j ... v\ 4 , * " > «V••• i WB 1 AP4 F8M4M 1892 31710120R nlh osmflflflb i 1 !I1M€M:« Surgeon General's Office 1) <50~9 ■yecftcn- -A J' Nj N PRESENTED BY I) n &C'G£tQ0 G€Z€> COC ^ -j^-1 C/O L' i Ot ociQtxDcct^ NLM051488861 /%*— £**J**y MEDICAL SOCIETY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY; ITS HISTORY, AND SKETCHES OF Early Practitioners of the County. BY JOHX MONTGOMERY, M. D., »*» CHAMBERSBTJRG, PA. PUBLISHED BY MEDICAL SOCIETY OF FRANKLIN COFNTY, PA. '1 / CjIAMBERSBURG, PA. : J. R. Kerr & Bro., Printers. 1X92. ; "He i AP4- F8M4iVl ClIAMBEESBL'EC;, 1891. The following extract from the minutes of the annual meeting and banquet of The Medical Society of Franklin County, July 21st, 1891, which was attended by a large num- ber of physicians from this and adjoining counties, will explain itself: "After President, Dr. S. S. Bishop, had extended a hearty welcome to the guests, Dr. John Montgomery read a paper on ' The Medical Society of Franklin County; its history, and sketches of early practitioners of the county.' After the reading of the paper, which claimed the most careful attention of the audience, Dr. G. S. Hull made a motion that a special vote of thanks be given to Dr. Montgomery for his most ex- • cellent and valuable paper, and then commented upon the great amount of research necessary in the preparation of such a paper, and complimented the doctor upon the careful and skillful elaboration of his important subject. Dr. H. G. Chritz- man, after speaking in glowing terms of the merits of the pa- per and insisting that it should be preserved for the future by being put into a more permanent form, offered an amendment that a committee of three be appointed by the president to wait upon Dr. Montgomery and request a copy of his manu- script for publication, in pamphlet form, by the society. The motion as amended was unanimously carried. The president appointed the following committee: Dr. G. S. Hull, Dr. H. G. Chritzman, Dr. A. H. Strickler." Appended is the correspondence which took place between the committee and Dr. Montgomery. Chambersisurg, Sijdauber 7th, 1S91. John Montgomery, M. D. Dear Doctor : At the late meeting of the Medical Society of Franklin County the undersigned were appointed a com- mittee to wait upon you and request a copy of your valuable historical paper for publication. As we are now organized and ready for work, we make this request and hope that you will, by transmitting to us a copy of the paper, allow your brethren to honor you, and their society as well, by putting into permanent form your most ad- mirable, complete and valuable " Medical Society of Franklin County; its history, and sketches of early practitioners of the county. Very truly yours, Geo. S. Hill, A. H. Strickler, H. G. Chritzman. Chambersbcrg, Pa., September \2tli, 1891. To Geo. S. Hull, M. D., A. H. Strickler, M. D., H. G. Chritzman, M. D. Gentlemen: Your esteemed note of the 7th inst., is received. I am grateful for the expression it contains, and deferring to your opinion and better judgment as to any merits which my address before the Medical Society of Franklin County, in July last, may possess, I comply with your request and deliver the manuscript thereof into your hands to be used as you may deem proper. I am conscious that the paper is imperfect in many ways, but should it in the remotest degree tend to rescue from ob- livion the names of worthy members of our profession in the dim past, I will be amply repaid for the labor its preparation has occasioned me. Sincerely yours, John Montgomery. Gentlemen: In behalf of the Medical Society of Franklin County, it is my privilege to second the cordial greeting extended you by our worthy Presi- dent. We want you to feel that you are, indeed, welcome guests, and that our greetings are heartfelt and sincere; that we regard it as an important event in our history to have you assemble with us to-day to join in our discussions and partake of our hospitality. I have been assigned the duty of furnishing a paper on this occasion bearing upon the history of this Society and members of our noble calling, who in by-gone years signalized their usefulness in this county. I have assumed the task with much diffidence and discharge it to the best of my ability. This is the third organization of its kind that has existed in 8 MEDICAL SOCIETY this county within a century, all of which held the same title. Notwithstanding the recognized ability and high character of many of the members of the earlier so- cieties, they soon disbanded, for unknown reasons. The first was formed on the 4th of January, 1825, at the house of Col. John Findley, in Chambersburg. Dr. S. D. Culbertson was Chairman and Drs. Dean and Findle}r Secretaries of the initial proceedings. I quote from the minutes, which are eminently worthy of being produced here and now: Resolved, 1st, That a Medical Society be estab- lished in Chambersburg, to meet semi-annually, and that Drs. Dean, Culbertson, McKnight, Lane and McDowell, be appointed a committee to draft a con- stitution, and make a report thereon at the first meeting of the Society, which will be held on the 7th of February, at early candle light. Resolved, "2d. That one of the objects of this con- vention is to establish a uniform and fixed mode of charging, suited to the state of the times. The pub- lication of the bill of rates which has been agreed upon shall be delayed until after the meeting in OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 9 February next, in order that the physicians who could not make it convenient to attend may again have an opportunity of being present and vote upon a revision of its several items. Resolved, 3d. That the mode of charging, which shall have been agreed upon and published, be con- sidered as the standard by which all contested ac- counts shall thereafter be settled in case they are referred to any of the members of this society. Resolved, 4th. That the annexed regulations, which have been read to the convention, be published as the "rule of conduct" by which the members of this society shall be governed in their intercourse with each other and the sick. Resolved, 5th. That all the members of the medi- cal profession of Franklin county and its immediate neighborhood who do not attend the next meeting, or express their approbation of its proceedings by letter, or otherwise, be considered as inimical to the objects of the society, and unwilling to subject them- selves to the government of the set of rules to which the convention feel fully persuaded every honorable- minded physician will at once subscribe. 2 10 MEDICAL SOCIETY Resolved, That the above proceedings be signed by the Chairman and Secretaries and be published. Signed, S. D. Culbertson, Chairman. A. T. Dean, | v Secretaries. W. A. FlNDLEY, | The adjourned meeting, in pursuance of the fore- going resolutions, was held at Col. John Findley's, Chambersburg, Monday evening, February 7th, 1825, and organized. The constitution for a Medical So- ciety was reported and adopted and signed by all present. Dr. John McClellan was elected President; Drs. S. D. Culbertson and A. Heatherington, Vice Presidents; Dr. A. T. Dean, Corresponding Secretary; Dr. N. B. Lane, Recording Secretary; A. N. McDowell, Treasurer; Drs. A. McDowell, Sr., G. B. McKnight, and L. Byran, Standing Committee, were the officers elected for the ensuing year. Resolutions adopted: 1st. That the fee bill, which had been reduced to suit the state of the times, be signed by all the physicians belonging to the Society and take effect after January next. OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 11 2d. That all medical bills be presented for set- tlement, as far as practicable, at the expiration of every year, and where any account is settled within six months after it has been contracted, a discretion- ary power be left with the physician to make a dis- count. 3d. That all physicians who belong to this Society shall proceed to settle up their back accounts as soon as possible. 4th. That Dr. A. T. Dean, the Corresponding Sec- retary, be authorized to open a correspondence with the different Medical Societies which are now in ex- istence in the State of Pennsylvania, or which may be hereafter organized, in order that such measures may be devised and adopted as will be best calcu- lated to suppress quackery, not only within the im- mediate neighborhood of such societies, but over the whole State, and that in order to the more effectual attainment of this end, the combined talents and influence of such societies be so directed as will be most likely to secure the enactment of a law for the regulation of the practice of medicine in this Com- monwealth. 12 MEDICAL SOCIETY 5th. That the Corresponding Secretary be further authorized to open such correspondence with indi- viduals and the different Medical Associations as will best tend to the advancement of Medical Science or in any way promote the honor of the medical profession. 6th. That we, the Medical Society of Franklin County, agree to subject ourselves to be governed by and most rigidly adhere to all the rules and reg- ulations which are laid down in the Medical Ethics of Dr. Percival, and which have already been pub- lished in the papers of this place. 7th. That these proceedings be signed by the President and Secretaries. John McClellan, President. N. B. Lane, A. N. McDowell, Chambersburu, February loth, 1825. At this meeting rules of order were also adopted. Letters from Drs. McGovern, Scott and Lightner, stating cause of absence and endorsing action of meeting. The revised fee bill was adopted and all Secretaries. OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 13 present signed Constitution and By-Laws and Fee Bill. Signed by 31 persons and 7 by proxy. The subject for discussion at the next meeting, "The laws which govern, and the causes which produced, and the treatment of our late epidemic." Dr. Boggs was appointed to prepare an address to be delivered at next meeting, the object of which will be to show the present state of the medical profession in this section of the State and to expose those causes which tend to retard its progress and improvement. Meeting, Jul\T 4th, held in Court House. Vice President Culbertson in chair. Several members were elected and introduced, and the President de- livered a charge or address to the new members. Thirteen members reported absent, one of whom was recorded as having left the meeting without permis- sion. In consequence of the meeting being not well attended the subject for discussion was postponed until next meeting. Dr. Boggs read his essay, which received a vote of thanks. Charges were preferred against Madeira & Co., Apothecaries, for printing and circulating prescriptions, encouraging quackery, &c. 14 MEDICAL SOCIETY A committee was appointed to counsel with them and advise them to desist from further irreg- ularities, under penalty of members of the society withdrawing their support; and this as well as other business which may have been before the society, be kept secret. The Secretary was authorized to pub- lish extracts from original communications calcu- lated to promote the dignity and interests of the profession. An extraordinary meeting called, July 12th, to in- vestigate charges of Dr. Sloan against Dr. McDowell for violation of professional etiquette. Dr. McDowell, after statement, asked postponement. At a meeting the following evening Dr. Sloan made a lengthy written statement of his grievance, Dr. McDowell, Sr., contradicting all charges with vehemence ; both parties lost temper and were frequently called to order. The case was indefinitely postponed for want of sufficient confirmatory evidence, &c. After sev- eral meetings to dispose of charges of Dr. Sloan against A. X. McDowell, after exhausting dilatory tactics, friends intervened, charges were withdrawn and an apology accepted. OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 15 At a meeting, February 6th, 1826, Drs. Bishop, of Maryland, Awl, of Strasburg, and Simpson, were ad- mitted. Subject announced was discussed by Drs. Heatherington, Culbertson, Dean, Little and Awl. Dr. Awl exhibited a splint of his invention for per- manent extension of oblique fractures. A delegate was elected to meet delegates of other societies in convention, the object being "The more effectually to put down quackery." Semi-annual meeting, July 3d, 1826. Dr. Cul- bertson made remarks on the duties of the Chair- man and objects of the Society. Dr. Heatherington read an essay on cause of fevers, alleging " that pu- trefied vegetable and animal matter, under various modifications, will produce fevers;" discussed by Drs. Dean and Little. Dr. Bishop was appointed to pre- pare a paper on " effect of atmospheric pressure on the circulation of the blood." Dr. McGovern, essay- ist, to select his own subject. Subject for discussion, "Are medicines or any active articles absorbed in their active and formal state; or is it necessary they should be, to manifest their effects upon the sys- tem." 16 MEDICAL SOCIETY Fourth meeting, January 9th, 1827. Dr. Bishop read essay on subject assigned. Dr. Dean on "skin, functions, disease, &v." to be continued. Dr. Boggs on case of hydrophobia. Dr. Heatherington spoke on same subject. Discussion postponed. Constitu- tion and fee bill were revised. Fifth meeting, July 2d. Dr. Rankin read essay on "Generation." Dr. Lane on "Hydrophobia." Dr. McGovern on " Nitric Acid." Subject for discussion at next meeting, " What is the best method of treating that form of disease denominated dyspepsia, which of late years has become so prevalent." The subject "Absorption of Medicines" was discussed, essayists appointed, &c. Sixth meeting, January 7th, 1828. Dr. Boggs read essay on "Dyspepsia," giving rise to discussion. Dr. Byrne read on " Morbus Coxarius, or hip joint disease," urging importance of investigation into "Morbid Anatomy." It was made imperative upon members who were appointed to take part in discussions and prepare essays. Four members were appointed to discuss "Hydrocephalus, its pathology and treatment," and two essayists for next meeting. OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 17 Seventh meeting, July 7th, 1828. Treasurer in- structed to collect fines due. Meeting being small, discussion postponed. The next subject to be dis- cussed, "Hemorrhages, but more particularly the passive form of hoemoptysis." Fines for absence to be continued at $1.00. Eighth meeting, January 5th, 1829. Subject, " Hy- drocephalus " and "Passive hemorrhage" discussed. Dr. S. B. Crawford read paper on "Hemorrhage" and Dr. Little on "Cause of fevers." Dr. Crawford exempted from fines when absent. Twelve members present, seventeen absent. Ninth meeting, July 6th, 1829. Subject, "Passive hemorrhage" was reviewed and discussed. The effi- cacy of "Scotch snuff" in tracheal affections was discussed. Dr. McClellan read an interesting case of suppression of urine in an old man, in whom he introduced very frequently the catheter, permitting it to remain in the bladder for weeks. He also re- ported other interesting cases, one of which the suc- cessful removal of the parotid gland twenty-four years ago. These cases ordered to be published in the " American Journal Medical Sciences." Subject 3 18 MEDICAL SOCIETY for discussion at next meeting, "Cause, pathology and treatment of typhus fever." Tenth meeting, January 4th, 1830, held in Ma- sonic Hall. A communication received from Medi- cal Society at Pittsburg, urging assistance in en- deavor to have law passed " To regulate the practice of Physic, Surgery and Midwifery" in this State, &c. This was considered a desirable end, and petitions were prepared and sent to the Legislators. Dr. P. Fahnestock extolled the use of flour on burns and scalds, as suggested by a Dr. Marshall. Dr. McClel- lan, who had been President from organization, withdrew active membership and was elected an " honorary member." It was agreed to meet quar- terly instead of semi-annually. Dr. S. D. Culbertson was elected President. " Typhus fever" was again announced for debate at next meeting and essayists appointed. Eleventh meeting, April 5th, 1830. After the usual business essayists were appointed and the dis- cussion postponed. The reply to Pittsburg letter re- specting act for suppression of quackery appears on this minute. This is an extract: "We have long OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 19 wished such an effort would be made, and will now cheerfully co-operate with you in your endeavor to effectuate so laudable an act, and in order the more effectually to meet your views have to request you to furnish, without delay, a copy of your petition, &c." This is the last meeting recorded and proba- bly the last held. These extracts from the minutes of the parent or- ganization furnish an index of the condition of the medical practice in this county in the dim past, and portray, in some measure at least, the vexa- tions our predecessors had to contend with. That the profession has advanced, that the standard in essential things is higher to-day than in the early decades of the present century, is made apparent from these records. The next society was formed in 1853. We find it holding its first meeting in the parlors of the old Franklin Hotel, in this place, where the Central church now stands, November 26th. This was an informal meeting to consider the propriety of form- ing a county society, and was presided over by Dr. Eliab Negley, of Mercersburg, wTith Dr. A. H. Sen- 20 MEDICAL SOCIETY seney as Secretary. A resolution was passed calling a meeting of the physicians, January 7th, 1854, for the purpose of organization, tfcc. This meeting con- vened at the appointed time at the Franklin, now Repository Hall, Dr. E. Negley, Chairman, and Dr. S. G. Lane, Secretary. A committee reported a Con- stitution and By-Laws, which were adopted unani- mously, and adjourned to convene in regular ses- sion first Tuesday, xVpril 4th. At this meeting of- ficers for the ensuing year were chosen: President, Dr. S. D. Culbertson; Vice Presidents, Drs. John Hunter, John Lambert; Corresponding Secretary, Dr. E. Negley; Recording Secretaries, Drs. E. D. Rankin and S. G. Lane ; Treasurer, Dr. J. C. Rich- ards ; Censors, Drs. Senseney, Hunter and Grubb; Board of Examiners, Drs. Richards, Davidson and King; delegates to the State Medical Society, Drs. Richards, Senseney and Davidson. This Society, ear- nest and efficient, composed of men of marked ability in the medical profession, met twice a year, but ceased to exist in a few years. The present organization was formed January 19th, 1869, the meeting for that purpose being held in OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 21 the room over Clippinger & Minnich's, then Gel- wick's store, on the northwest corner of Centre Square. A call for this meeting, having been pre- viously circulated, was signed by the following physi- cians: Drs. A. H. Strickler, E. Negley, R. S. Brownson, J. S. King, Mercersburg; Jas. M. Gelwix and W. A. Hunter, Upper Strasburg; Max Kennedy, Orrstown; S. S. Huber and C. T. Maclay, Greenvil- lage ; H. G. Chritzman, Welsh Run ; J. N. Snively, Benj. Frantz, E. A. Herring, J. B. Amberson, John M. Ripple, Waynesboro; H. Buhnuan, Quincy ; H. X. Bonbrake, Mont Alto; F. A. Bushey, G. D. Carl, Charles Michaels, E. D. Rankin, J. K. Davidson, Greencastle; J. M. VanTries, St. Thomas; J. H. Flickinger, Dry Run ; John S. Flickinger, Fannetts- burg; J. H. McClintock, Loudon; George Cleary, Upton; A. H. Senseney, J. Lambert, J. C. Richards, John Montgomery, E. G. McGovern, T. J. McLana- han, J. L. Suesserott, W. H. Boyle and Samuel G: Lane, of Chambersburg—thirty-six. It will be no- ticed in this call that there was but one survivor of the first organization, Dr. McGovern, and he has since passed away. I will state just here that the only 22 MEDICAL SOCIETY survivor of the second Medical Society, organized in 1853, is Dr. Jas. K. Davidson, of Greencastle. At this meeting, January 19th, there were present, Drs. W. A. Hunter, James M. Gelwix, J. N. Snively, E. A. Herring, J. B. Amberson, J. Lambert, J. C. Rich- ards, A. H. Senseney, J. L. Suesserott, S. G. Lane, T. J. McLanahan, Thos. M. Kennedy, John Montgom- ery and W. H. Boyle—fourteen. A temporary organization was effected by appoint- ing Dr. John Lambert Chairman and S. G. Lane Secretary. On motion, a committee, consisting of Drs. A. H. Senseney and John Montgomery, was appointed to draft a Constitution and By-Laws. A committee was appointed to report officers for permanent organization. At the afternoon ses- sion the committee reported a Constitution and By-Laws, which were unanimously adopted. The committee on organization reported the following officers, who were unanimously elected: President, A. H. Senseney, Vice Presidents, J. K. Davidson, A. H. Strickler; Treasurer, J. C. Richards; Re- cording Secretary, W. H. Boyle; Corresponding Secretary, S. G. Lane; Censors, J. L. Suesserott, B. OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. Frantz and W. A. Hunter; delegates elected to the State Medical Society, A. H. Senseney, J. C. Rich- ards and J. M. Gelwix. After some further business the Society adjourned to meet July 6th. The So- ciety continued to meet semi-annually until Janu- ary, 1872; since then quarterly meetings have been held. This Society is now in the twenty-third year of its existence, and on looking over the minutes it is surprising to note the important work it has accom- plished. The number of interesting cases reported and the numerous creditable papers submitted for the mutual benefit of the members, as well as the able and entertaining discussions upon subjects frought with interest to the profession and to the communit}r, are certainly surprising. In this Society the presiding officer cannot suc- ceed himself. Rotation is the rule. During the past twenty-two years the Presidents have been in the following order: A. H. Senseney, J. K. David- son, J. C. Richards, W. A. Hunter, J. A. Snively, S. G. Lane, W. H. Boyle, J. Montgomery, J. L. Suesse- rott, T. J. McLanahan, A. H. Strickler, H. G. Chritz- 24 MEDICAL SOCIETY man, W. P. Noble, R. W. Ramsey, D. F. Unger, J. M. Gelwix, D. Maclay, E. Hartzell, Amberson, Frantz, Fritz, Palmer, Bishop. The Recording Sec- retaries, not so fortunate, were retained for lengthy periods: First, Dr. W. H. Boyle, 6 years, until 1875, elected President; S. G. Lane, 2 years, 1875 and 1876; J. Montgomery, 7 years, until 18S4; Dr. Palmer, 4 years, to 1887; since then Dr. G. S. Hull has been Secretary. We have reason to congratulate ourselves upon the continued harmony which has marked this So- ciety. Our Constitution teaches us that:— "The objects of this Society shall be the advance- ment of medical knowledge; the elevation of pro- fessional character; the protection of the professional interests of its members; the extension of the bounds of medical science, and the promotion of all meas- ures adapted to the relief of suffering, the im- provement of the health, and the protection of the lives of the community." In these objects thus set forth there is not one of a selfish character; every feature has an important bearing upon the welfare of the general public in OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 25 some manner, rather than upon the profession itself. How long Medical Societies have been in exist- ence we have no means of determining. We are told that probably the original dates back to the Asclepiadse, the children of iEsculapius they were styled. The priests who had charge of the temples of iEsculapius, the God of Medicine, were the only authorized physicians of antiquity. Formerly the priesthood of iEsculapius was hereditary, but subse- quently pupils wTere initiated into the mysteries of medicine. The Medical Societies of the capital cities of Europe are all institutions of longevity and influence, and have won wide celebrity on account of their invaluable contributions to medical science. In this country similar societies are of comparatively modern origin; but some few State organizations and the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, date back into the past century. These societies accomplish good results independent of the diffusion of knowl- edge, by a cordial interchange of opinions; and the members of the profession who stand aloof from them do injustice to themselves, as well as to their med- 4 20 MEDICAL SOCIETY ical brethren. It should be the imperative duty of every practitioner to contribute his individual expe- rience to the general store of medical knowledge. There was a time when the healing art was guarded with a jealous care and transmitted from father to son, with a solemn oath not to divulge its mys- teries, but we have come under the bright light of a new dispensation, with a wider range of scientific thought and action. By fraternal association the intellect is enlarged and mutual confidence and esteem are secured. Prof. Gross (Transac, 1871,) aptly said: " We are here not to quarrel or to indulge in angry discus- sions, but to work and to deliberate how we can best promote the interests of the profession, which in point of usefulness is inferior to none under heaven; a profession which has received the sanc- tion of God himself; a profession which can only be degraded when it is unworthily exercised by those who profess it." Such profession should be a unit; every worthy member of the craft should be an active member of a Medical Society. I fear that the millenium of the bible is far re- OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 27 mote; yet I do think that the time has come when no physician will be heard to speak derogatory of the professional attainments of his colleague. If he cannot speak of him as a " good physician," &c, in commendatory terms, he should never bestow faint praise, but maintain silence. No man ever suc- ceeded in elevating himself through discrediting his professional neighbor. If a rival's operations are good and successful pronounce them so in no un- * certain way. If your attention is directed to an un- fortunate performance, how easy it is to say, such a misfortune might have attended the efforts of any brother, however skillful he has shown himself. Prof. Gross alleges " that in almost every case of malpractice there was a doctor in it." If we would know each other better and adhere more closely to the code these unkind reflections would not be cast. But time is passing, and before closing I desire to recall to memory some of the more prominent medi- cal pioneers in our county history. Among the im- mortal names of those we should delight to cherish, I fittingly first introduce that of Dr. Hugh Mercer. He was the first physician who located and prac- 28 MEDICAL SOCIETY ticed his profession within the limits of this county, and subsequently became the distinguished general in the War of Independence. Dr. Mercer was born at Aberdeen, Scotland, about 1721, and was educated as a physician; served as as- sistant surgeon in the forces of Charles Edward, and followed that chieftain's standard to the disastrous field of Colloden, April 16th, 1746. After the defeat of the " Chevalier " he escaped by way of Inverness to America. Taking up his residence on the fron- tiers of Pennsylvania we soon find him in this, then wild and sparsely settled county, located three and one-half miles east of Mercersburg, (one-half mile from where Dr. D. K. Agnew afterwards settled for a brief time.) At this period there were very few7 wrhite settlers in that locality; and it seems strange that a talented young physician should there make his abode. This was about the year 1750. Here he remained until after the defeat of Braddock, in 1755. After the frequent and bloody Indian forays, when the settlers organized to protect themselves against murderous incursions, Mercer figured as captain of one of the local companies, and was commissioned OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 29 March 6th, 1756. His field of operations was along the mountains west of the valley, with headquarters at " McDowell's fort," now Bridgeport. His command formed part of the force of Col. Armstrong, which surprised and destroyed the Indian village at Kit- tanning in 1756. He acted as surgeon as well as commanding officer. At Kittanning he was severely wounded, his arm being fractured. He was taken to the top of a hill near by. After the defeat of the savages and the destruction of the village, and the homeward march was begun, Mercer, weak and faint from his injuries, must have fallen behind or in some way become separated from his party. He had a long, solitary and painful struggle through the wilderness, reaching Fort Lyttleton sick, weary and half famished. From his wound he slowly recovered, and in the summer of 1757 he assumed command of the garrison at Shippensburg. In December, 1757, he was commissioned major of the province and was posted west of the Susquehanna. In the follow- ing year he accompanied the expedition of Gen- eral Forbes against Fort Duquesne. It -was during this expedition that he first met Washington, then 30 MEDICAL SOCIETY a brigadier general of Virginia troops. Then began that intimate and enduring friendship that ever after- existed between these two men. After the con- clusion of the French and Indian War, Col. Mercer retired temporarily from military life, and at the so- licitation of Washington, left his home in the wrilds of Pennsylvania and took up his abode in Fred- ericksburg, Va., resuming there the practice of medi- cine. Here he remained until the beginning of the Revolution, when he was commissioned colonel of one of the Virginia regiments in the "patriot army," and afterwards, through the influence of the com- mander-in-chief, made a brigadier general. He ac- companied Washington in the memorable campaigns through New Jersey, ever retaining his confidence and friendship. His gallantry at Trenton, and afterwards at Prince- ton, are matters of history with which you are all familiar; how, in the latter engagement, in leading the vanguard, after the wounding of his gallant grey, he, on foot, was surrounded and refused to sur- render, fighting, sword in hand, against the bayonets of the British soldiery, his fatal injuries, the solici- OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 31 tude and grief of the commander-in-chief, who dis- patched his aid-de-camp to remain with the wounded hero and have every care and attention bestowed upon him in his last hours. Of his practice in this county and the extent of territor}' he rode over we know but little. We are told that he was a physician of superior education, mild and retiring in private life, but a man of dauntless courage. Dr. John Calhoon was the first physician who set- tled in Chambersburg, coming here about the year 17—. He came from Cumberland county. He was a man of attainments and a regularly educated phy- sician. He married a daughter of Col. Benj. Cham- bers, 'the founder of the town, and lived on the northeast corner of Main and King streets. He died in 1782, at the age of 42 years. Dr. Wm. Magaw was a distinguished revolutionary soldier, whose brother, Col. Robert, was commander of the 5th Pennsylvania Battalion. Dr. Magaw en- listed in company of Captain, afterwards Colonel, James Chambers, (son of Col. Benj. Chambers,) June, 1775, marching at once to join the army in front 32 MEDICAL SOCIETY of Boston. The regiment was originally in com- mand of Col. Wm. Thompson, but later was led by Colonel, afterwards General, Hand, and was known and greatly distinguished as "Hand's Rifle Battal- ion." Dr. Magaw was appointed surgeon thereof, his commission dating January 25th, 1775. At the expiration of his term of enlistment he re-enlisted as lieutenant and surgeon, August 20th, 1776, was transferred to the 9th Pennsylvania, and finally to the 4th Pennsylvania regiment. He served with dis- tinction until the close of the war and settled in Mercersburg. His son, Jesse Magaw, who studied medicine with him, also practiced medicine in his native town. He was married to a sister of Ex-Pres- ident Buchanan, and continued to practice until his death, in 1823. Dr. Robert Johnston, a native of Antrim town- ship, was also a surgeon in the Revolution and a brother of Col. James and Col. Thomas Johnston, soldiers of distinction in the "patriot army;" the latter being slain in the midnight massacre at Paoli. Dr. Johnston was appointed surgeon of the 6th Pennsylvania Battalion (Col. William Irvin's) by OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 33 the committee of safety, January 6th, 1776, upon the recommendation of Drs. Thomas Cadwallader, Thomas Bond, Adam Kuhn and William Shippen, Jr. He re- mained in active service in the field until 1777, when, by order of General Greene, he was detached from his regiment and sent to Charleston, S. C, to take charge of the wounded officers and soldiers then prisoners there in the hands of the British and in hospitals. At the close of the war his migratory tastes con- tinued and he went on a voyage to China, taking out with him a cargo of ginseng, at that time worth its weight in gold in the Chinese market, and from which he realized a fortune, gaining vast stores of general information. He brought home with him, what in that day was a great curiosity, a Chinese servant. He purchased a large estate south of Green- castle and there spent his remaining years. Having no children he adopted the youngest son of his sister, afterwards known as Dr. John Boggs, of Green castle. Dr. Alexander Stewart, a native of Edinburg, Scotland, a highly educated and skillful physician, served in the Pennsylvania line as assistant surgeon from 1776 until 1779, and October, 1779, was pro- 5 34 MEDICAL SOCIETY moted to surgeon, and in this capacity continued to render valuable service until January 6th, 1783, wdien he resigned and settled in Chambersburg, hav- ing been induced to locate here by his friend and compatriot, the distinguished Major Allison. The more influential citizens were among his patients, and his field extended far and wide, citizens of Bed- ford, McConnellsburg, Big Spring and other distant localities availing themselves of his skill. Among the numerous charges on his account book this is a specimen: "John Ramsey, Tuscarora Valley, Sep- tember 18th, 1783. To visit reducing fractured tibia and fibula, 1 pound, 10 shillings." He lived at cor- ner of Queen and Water streets. Died 1793. Dr. Andrew McDowell was reared in the vicinity of Mercersburg. Studied medicine and received his degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1787; locating immediately thereafter in Chambersburg, he continued in active practice until 1831, when he re- linquished the profession, removed to Mercersburg and resided with his son until death occurred, at an advanced age, in 1846. John McDowell, son of An- drew, was a prominent practitioner in Mercersburg, OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 35 beginning practice there in 1833, which he pursued for a long period of years. Pie died in 1878. An- drew, another son, practiced medicine in Pittsburg and attained prominence in his profession. Dr. A. Clingman was a physician here between 1788 and 1798, and stood high in public esteem. Dr. John McClellan was a native of Antrim town- ship. He studied with Dr. Benjamin Rush, who gave him a most complimentary certificate in recog- nition of his attainments and skill. Settling in Greencastle in spring of 1788, he unremittingly pur- sued the practice of medicine for a period of fifty- eight years, with the exception of the period of his service as surgeon in the Franklin county regiment in the war of 1812. He was thoroughly acquainted with the science of medicine in its widest range, and a most successful and judicious physician, ranking with the most skillful and dexterous surgeons of his time, performing many difficult tasks. His opera- tion for the removal of the parotid gland, was per- formed in 1803, and is the first case on record. Hazardous as the operation was regarded, it was suc- cessful. He died June, 1846. Age 84 years. 36 MEDICAL SOCIETY Dr. Andrew Baum, a German, and a graduate of one of the celebrated German Universities, an ac- complished physician and a fine scholar, located here in 1790, living opposite Falling Spring church. He remained but a few years. Dr. Abraham Senseney, a native of Lancaster county, and first of the family of physicians of the name who did honor to the profession through more than a century of our local history, studied medi- cine in York, Pa., locating here in 1781, at the age of twenty years. He was the second physician to locate permanently in this town. He maintained a large practice for a period of 63 years, and for two years of the time was the only physician in the town. He died in 1844, at the age of 83 years. Jeremiah Senseney, son of Abraham, began his career in 1809, and speedily acquired a fine reputation, and sur- passed his cotemporaries in popular favor. In the war of 1812 he was appointed surgeon, but resigned on account of ill health. He, however, afterwards re-enlisted in Captain Findlay's company, marching to Baltimore in 1814. At the close of the war he OF FRA NKLIN CO UNT Y. 37 resumed his practice and continued at work until the time of his death, in 1863, aged 75 years. Abraham H. Senseney, son of Jeremiah, was a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, of Philadel- phia, in 1835; commenced practice here in the same year, inheriting an extensive business, which, by his splendid abilities, prompt and industrious habits, he largely increased; indeed, it is doubted whether any local physician here had so large and varied an experience. Without intermission he continued in the work until the period of his death, in 1879, for 45 years, constantly adding to the renown of his name as a great physician and skilled surgeon. Dr. A. H. Senseney had three sons in the medical profession. William D., who died before commencing practice; of Dr. Benjamin Rush and Edgar N., you are all familiar with their history, as it is but a few years since they passed away, early in their career. Dr. William B. Scott, a native of Adams county, located here in 1793, being a physician of fine med- ical attainments and social qualities. He was highly esteemed and popular and had a large practice. He removed about 1S05. 38 MEDICAL SOCIETY John Sloan, a native of Tyrone, Ireland, born 1760, a licentiate of Dublin College of Surgery, pur- sued his profession for ten years prior to leaving Europe. He acted a prominent part in the Irish Rebellion of 1798, was arrested, tried for treason, convicted and sentenced to death; but through the intervention of influential friends, the death sentence wras commuted to one of one thousand lashes and banishment, previous sentence to be enforced in case of return. But half of this brutal sentence was carried out, the surgeons declaring if further prose- cuted his life would be taken. He was accordingly released, and, when sufficiently recovered, sailed for America, practicing in Philadelphia until 1803, wThen he removed to Chambersburg. He continued his labors for many years, and died in 1831. Dr. Thomas Walmsley, after completing his med- ical studies, in 1803, settled here, but did not remain long. As a physician he held high rank, showing much enthusiasm in scientific investigation. He removed to Hagerstown, Md. (See Appendix, Rush letter, September 28th, 1803.) Dr. Samuel D. Culbertson was one of the most OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 39 successful and distinguished medical practitioners of the Cumberland Valley. Educated at Jefferson Col- lege, Cannonsburg, Pa., after office study with Dr. Walmsley and attending one course of lectures, he settled in Chambersburg in 1807. In the war of 1812 he wTas a volunteer, was lieutenant in Captain Snider's company, and upon the formation of the brigade was appointed its surgeon, in which capacity he continued until the expiration of his term of enlistment, when he returned home. However, when war's alarm was again sounded, and the news of the British invasion and threatened attack on Bal- timore reached here, Dr. C. immediately raised a volunteer company and marched at the head of it, without delay, to the beleaguered city. When the enemy retired he again returned home with his company and resumed his labors in the profession. About 1832 or 1833 the partnership with Drs. Lane and Bain was formed, but in 1836 he retired from active practice, Drs. Lane and Bain becoming his successors; but his counsel was frequently sought and obtained in difficult and obscure cases by his medical brethren. Dr. C. did a very extensive busi- 40 MEDICAL SOCIETY ness and was considered the foremost practitioner of his day. He was a writer of force and ability. He performed many surgical operations, among them lithotomy, and one of the largest calculi exhibited in the museum of Jefferson Medical College was re- moved by him. Thomas G. Watkins practiced medicine in Cham- bersburg from 1814 to 1816, when he returned to his native state, Virginia. He was spoken of as a gentleman of culture and a skillful physician and surgeon, but was unpopular and did not attain to a large practice, on account of his fees, which were considered exhorbitant. Dr. Alex. T. Dean was a native of Huntingdon county. He located here after the close of the war of 1815, having been a member of the Mercersburg company. In 1824 he formed a partnership with Dr. N. B. Lane, which continued about two years, and was dissolved by his removal to Harrisburg in 1828. He was a man of literary taste, a gifted speaker and well versed in medical literature. On account of his infirm physical condition, he was un- fitted for the arduous duties of the profession. He OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 41 removed to Harrisburg in 1828, practicing there until his death, in 1834, a victim of cholera. Dr. Peter Fahnestock practiced medicine in Cham- bersburg from 1828 to 1837, removing to Pittsburg, and thence farther west. He is long since dead. Dr. George B. McKnight, a native of Chambers- burg, son of Rev. John McKnight, pastor of Rocky Spring church, was a soldier in the war of 1814. Enlisted in Dr. Culbertson's compan}7, and afterwards received appointment as surgeon in regular army, serving until 1824, when he resigned, and practiced his profession in Chambersburg until 1829, when he entered the navy as surgeon. Dr. Xicholas B. Lane, a native of Franklin county, born 1802, after receiving a good education, began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. S. D. Cul- bertson, graduating from the University of Pennsyl- vania in 1822. His thesis wTas " An account of an epidemic which prevailed in Franklin county in 1821," which was complimented by the faculty, who caused it to be printed in the "American Medical Recorder," of Philadelphia. He began the practice of medicine in Chambersburg, and in 1824 formed 6 42 MEDICAL SOCIETY a partnership with Dr. A. T. Dean, who soon after removed to Harrisburg. Dr. L. then entered into the firm of Culbertson, Lane & Bain. This asso- ciation was short lived, Dr. Bain returning to Bal- timore and Dr. Culbertson retiring from practice. Dr. Lane was in continuous practice here, with the exception of a short period, until the time of his death. He was a great student, a fine physician and a versatile writer. He was honored and respected by all who came in contact with him. He died in 1853, at the age of 51 years. Two sons of Dr. X. B. Lane entered the medical profession, William C. and Samuel G. Both were physicians of marked ability, close students and ready and forcible writers. The former was local historian of the county and prac- ticed in Mercersburg, after having previously pur- sued his profession at other points in the county. Samuel G. began his career here in 1850, the date of his graduation from the University of Pennsyl- vania. With the exception of a short period spent at Bucyrus, Ohio, and continued service in the field during the late war, his life work was performed in Chambersburg, and you all know how efficient and OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 43 worthy a brother he wras. I need not dwell upon his merits, as you are familiar with them. As it is the object of this paper to revive recol- lections of the physicians of the early years of the county, for the most part forgotten, I will be excused from more than briefly mentioning the names of those with whose career you are familiar. Dr. Peter W. Little settled in Mercersburg about 1820, where he practiced his profession for many years. He was a skillful physician and a man of fine attainments. He was succeeded by his two sons, Drs. Parker and Rush, neither of whom remained there long. Dr. E. G. McGovern was a native of Mercersburg, and after graduating located there about 1823 or 1824. After the lapse of some years he removed to Mechan- icsburg, Pa., thence he changed his residence to Cham- bersburg, several years prior to his death. He was a good physician and a man of fine social qualities. Dr. James P. Scott practiced medicine in Mercers- burg about 1823-24, and continued in the harness probably thirty years. A Dr. Long settled in Mercersburg about 1815, continuing in active practice there nearly 25 years. 44 MEDICAL SOCIETY Dr. Alex. Speer located in Mercersburg in 1828, where he continued in practice until 1841. He was regarded as an able physician and was afterwards ap- pointed to office by his relative, President Buchanan. Dr. John Linn began practice in Mercersburg in 1841, remaining there six years, removing to Phila- delphia, where he recently died. Dr. John S. King practiced in Mercersburg from 1850 to 1869. Robert S. Brownson from 1850 to 1888. Eliab Negley from 1850 to 1879. Recollections of the last three gentlemen are still fresh to most of us as able practitioners and schol- arly gentlemen. Dr. Jos. Langston, an Englishman, a licentiate of College of Apothecaries, of London, located in Cham- bersburg in 1830, directing his attention to the prac- tice of surgery, and was spoken of as a skillful ope- rator. He returned to England in 1833. Dr. Alexander Shields practiced here from 1833 to 1835, removing to Springfield, Illinois. Dr. William Elder practiced medicine in Cham- bersburg from 1834 until some time in 1836, remov- ing to the western part of the State. He was a man OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 45 of fine literary tastes and a close student. He after- wards became a lecturer on temperance and slavery. Being an able, eloquent and effective speaker, he attained considerable note. Dr. William A. Finley practiced in Shippensburg more than thirty years, having a large business and fine reputation. He removed here in 1836, when his career was lamentably cut short by accidental death. He was held in high esteem by his professional brethren and was most popular with the masses. He was a cultivated and scholarly gentleman, of general as well as medical acquirements. Dr. John Lambert came to Chambersburg in 1837, from Waynesboro, where he had been engaged in practice, though he had previously located in Mary- land. He was a capable, energetic physician, and soon acquired a large practice. He wras a man of pleasing manner and fine address, and became quite popular. He continued in practice many years, but finally relinquished to engage in other pursuits. He died in 1872. Dr. Henry Madeira was located at Loudon in 1820, and a member of first Medical Society. Dr. Joseph 46 MEDICAL SOCIETY MeClintock located there in 1840, and practiced until death, in 1887. Dr. L. Byrne was at St. Thomas in 1822, and after- wards member of first Society. Dr. John M. VanTries began practice in 1840. His labors were extensive and extended over a large scope. In 1862 he suffered severely from rheumatism, affecting his heart, compelling him to do less duty. He was a good physician, having a large experience, and was deservedly popular. He always held his practice against the many rivals locating at different times in his town. He died in 1884. Dr. William H. Boyle was a student of Dr. Finley in 1836, and after the lamented death of his precep- tor, entered the office of Dr. N. B. Lane, under whose directions he pursued his studies. He began the practice of medicine here in 1841. In recognition of his acquirements and professional character, the Pennsylvania Medical College conferred on him the honorary degree of M. D. He was a good physi- cian ; his business, for the most part, was confined to those in the humbler walks of life, and his work of charity and benevolence continued through nearly OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 47 half a century. He was a kind and generous friend. He had not the advantage of an early education, and was in every sense a self-made man. He was a remarkably versatile writer, for a time editor of the " Valley Sentinel," which was subsequently merged into the " Valley Spirit." He was endowed with poetic gifts, and well informed on the early history and traditions of the neighborhood. He died, much lamented, in 1877. Dr. Charles T. Maclay began practice in Green- village in 1840. He was a native of this county. Being the only physician in his locality he did a large business. He was deservedly popular and a leader of men. He probably knew more of the early history of the county and its legends than any of his cotemporaries. Being endowed with fine conver- sational powers, he was a most entertaining com- panion. He died recently at an old age. Dr. John Curtis Richards was born in Baltimore, Md., and received a classical education at Yale Col- lege, becoming a student of Prof. Samuel Baker, of the Medical University of Maryland, graduating at that institution in 1834. For a time he practiced 48 MEDICAL SOCIETY successfully in his native city, being for a period dispensary physician. City practice being distasteful to him he removed to Chambersburg in 1837. His professional skill, together with unusual personal graces, quickly secured for him an extensive and lucrative practice in the best families of the town and country. In consultations he was in especial demand over a large scope of country. He was a careful, conscientious practitioner and a skillful sur- geon, and always ready and able to meet any emer- gency, performing nearly all of the capital operations. In diagnosis he was as careful and thorough as he was prompt in his treatment. His intercourse with other physicians was always in harmony with the most rigid code of professional ethics. • During the early part of the war he had charge of a hospital here, and subsequently was appointed by the Gov- ernor to a position on the staff of the Surgeon-Gen- eral of the State. It is seldom that one comes in contact with a man of as striking and pleasing a presence as that of Dr. Richards. He possessed not only a fine physique, but a handsome face and most winning OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 49 manner. Although modest and unobtrusive, he.had rare conversational powers. With a vast store of anecdote and personal experience, he was a charm- ing companion. Upright and manly, and faithful to the last degree in all his obligations, he certainly was a brother of superior mould. He died June, 1874. There was a Dr. William M. Awl who practiced in Strasburg about 1825. He was a member of the first Society, 1825 to 1830, but after that we know but little about him. Dr. John Hunter, a native of Ireland, and a stu- dent of the University of Glasgow, emigrated to this country and located in Upper Strasburg about 1820, where he pursued his labors assiduously for nearly half a century. He was a member of the first Med- ical Society, and the leading physician of that locality, where his services were justly appreciated. His son, William A. Hunter, succeeded him, having begun his labors about 1849. He was constant in his devotion to the exactions of a large and labori- ous field; he was a practical man, a successful prac- titioner, a kind friend. He pursued his arduous duties until his death, which occurred but recently. 7 50 MEDICAL SOCIETY Dr. S. B. Crawford, also member of first Society, practiced, prior to 1815 and for many years after, at Concord ; was succeeded by his son. Dr. Thomas Greer practiced at Fannettsburg at an early date; was also a member of first county Society. Dr. Jacob L. Suesserott was born in Chambers- burg, in 1829, and graduated at Jefferson Medical College in 1851. He established himself in Cham- bersburg and began practice of medicine and den- tistry, until 1857, when he accepted the chair of pathology and therapeutics in Pennsylvania Dental College, of Philadelphia, which he continued to fill until 1864. Returning to this place he resumed the practice of medicine, which he pursued unremit- tingly until the time of his death. He always en- joyed a large business. He was a positive man, public spirited, leading in many of the enterprises intended for the public good. For twenty years he filled acceptably the position of United States Ex- amining Surgeon. He died in 1886, and is suc- ceeded by his son, Dr. L. F. Suesserott. Dr. John Oelig, a German, engaged in the prac- tice of medicine in Waynesboro, about 1790, and was OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 51 the first physician to locate in that town. He was held in high esteem by all, and stood well as a good cit- izen and able physician. He enjoyed the confidence of Dr. McClellan. He practiced until the time of his death—1838. Drs. James Brotherton, Thomas Walker and Dr. Ligit were students of Dr. Oelig, and all able and successful practitioners of Waynesboro. Dr. Michael Marcus Gerry, who died in Sylvan, Franklin county, in 1887, at the age of 64 years, was a native of Baltimore, and was a graduate of the Uni- versity of Maryland, in the class of 1846. Having pursued his profession in his native State and in Vir- ginia, he located at Sylvan in 1860, and in that beau- tiful valley, among a frugal and industrious people, whom he served faithfully and well for nearly three decades. In this remote locality every variety of in- jury and disease he met alone, no other physician being nearer than ten or twelve miles. He was a man of good attainments, kind, amiable and unselfish, and courteous in his dealings with his professional brothers. The outpost he filled so long and well, with a true missionary spirit, still remains vacant. A Dr. Quarters was probably the first physician MEDICAL SOCIETY locating in Greencastle. Little of him is now known, he having lived there a century ago. Dr. Andrew Heatherington was one of the organ- izers of the parent Society and one of its enthusi- astic members; located in Greencastle in 1810. He was regarded as a good physician, and continued in practice until quite aged. Dr. William Grubb began his career in Green- castle, his native place, in 1822, where he did an extensive practice until the debility of age compelled him to desist. He was a student of Dr. McClellan, and regarded as an able physician. He died in 1865, at an old age. Dr. Charles Michaels, also a na- tive, began his professional labors in 1823, contin- uing in active practice until the time of his death. He was much esteemed by all. Dr. John Boggs was born in 1787. He was adopted by his uncle, Dr. Robert Johnston, who gave him a fine classical education. He studied medicine with Dr. McClellan, attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, but received his degree from the University of Maryland. Forming a partnership with his preceptor, he became a volunteer OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 53 in the war of 1812, and went to Baltimore, where he was appointed assistant surgeon of the regiment, Dr. McClellan being surgeon. After his discharge he re- sumed practice in Greencastle. He was an eminent and successful practitioner, and had a strong hold on the confidence and affection of those to whom he ministered. He died in 1847, at the age of 60 years. Dr. Adam Carl came to Greencastle from York county, where he was educated. In 1825 he studied medicine with Professor Miller, of Baltimore, gradu- ating from Washington College, of Baltimore, 1829, locating at once in Greencastle, and continued to do a large and successful practice over a wide scope of country. He remained in continuous service for a period of sixty years; indeed, continuing to prescribe for some of his old clients until near the period of his death. He died a few weeks ago at the age of 90 years, retaining his mental activity to the last. In these sketches I have only spoken of those who have passed from the busy stage. But I can- not refrain from mention of one who is still living, but I regret is not present on this occasion, and who is the only living member of the second Med- 54 MEDICAL SOCIETY ical Society to which I have adverted. I refer to Dr. James K. Davidson, of Greencastle, who, although at the advanced age of 82, retains his mental fac- ulties, and has only in recent years declined an- swering professional calls. He was a student of Dr. John McClellan, and grad- uated from Jefferson Medical College in 1833. Lo- cating in his native town, he acquired a large prac- tice, which he held through his professional career. He is now president of the local National Bank and is closely identified with the social and public enter- prises of the place. I am frank to admit that these brief allusions to the memories of the men who preceded us in the paths we are treading, are inadequate to their merits, and it is more than probable that I have overlooked the names of others who adorned the profession in other years, but I find it impossible, on an occasion like this, to do little more than recite the list of these worthies, much less to dwell upon their achievements. I cannot speak of such deceased members of this Society as Richards, S. G. Lane, Senseney and Suesserott, with whom I was OF FRANKLIN COUNTY. 55 intimately associated for many years, without emo- tion. The departure to the spirit world of such masters as these in our profession, stricken down as they were in the prime of their usefulness, teaches us that however successful members of our calling may be, in relieving the afflicted and prolonging life, we ourselves cannot escape the inevitable decree. When we consider that in the early settlement of this county, medicine had barely emerged from the hands of the alchemists and astrologers, and the few truths which the experience of past ages had gathered lay buried beneath depths of fanciful jar- gon and quackery, we cannot but be impressed with the substantial progress the science of medicine has made. That many of our predecessors within the limits of Franklin county contributed their due share in developing the true principles of Medical Art, and proved themselves benefactors of the race, is well attested. " Many and mighty, but all hushed." May we emulate their virtues until we too shall be summoned from toil and the presence of suffering, beyond the dominion of death. APPENDIX. The following letters from the celebrated Dr. Benjamin Rush, (one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and one of the foremost physicians in his day and generation) to Dr. John McClelland, of Greencastle, has been kindly fur- nished by Mrs. William McLellan, of Chambersburg, who has had them in her possession for many years. They have never before been printed and cannot fail to interest the members of the Medical Society of Franklin County, not only in regard to the treatment of disease, but the affectionate regard the em- inent man cherished for one of his pupils. The last of the series was written within a year of Dr. Rush's death, which occurred April 19th, 1813: Dr. John McClelland, Franklin County, Penna. Dear Sir : I have been desired to prescribe for a patient of yours, a Mrs. Burns, who, it is said, has the pulmonary con- sumption. I have nothing to add upon that disorder to what 58 APPENDIX. I have published in the second volume of my inquiries and observations, but that I continue to use small and frequent bleedings in it with great success. Blisters should be kept constantly running from her sides, breast or limbs. Exercise on horseback, in good weather, should be used after the reduc- tion of the pulse and the cessation of inflammatory symptoms. Even the cold bath has been used by me with advantage after the inflammatory stage of the disorder has passed away. It will be most proper and beneficial in warm weather. Begin with water of a moderate temperature. From yours sincerely, Benj. Rush. Philadelphia, April 2d, 1797. Dr. John McClelland, Physician, Greencastle, Franklin County, Penna. Dear Sir: Accept my thanks for your long and very interesting letter. I rejoice to find that you did not leave the study when you began the practice of medicine. It is by constantly adding to the knowledge we acquire at school that we improve our profession. It is moreover by observation and comparing what we see that we get rid of prejudices. Our science was op- pressed with them. Happily for mankind they decline rapidly in America. Go on as you have began. Read, observe and think; think, observe and read, and you cannot fail of attain- ing to eminence and usefulness in your profession. I have lately published a 5th volume of inquiries. It contains an ac- APPENDIX. 59 count of our late epidemic, and a new theory and mode of cure of the gout and hydrophobia; I suppose the latter disease to be a malignant fever, and recommend for the cure of it co- pious bleeding, and all other remedies for a highly malignant state of fever. I shall mention your name to Mr. McHenry in strong terms for a medical appointment in the military hospitals, but so many applications are now before him from reputable medical gentlemen that I cannot encourage you to hope my application in your favor will ,be successful. I thank you for your kind remembrance of my dear Mrs. Rush. We continue to be happy in each other, and have great reason to thank God for innumerable family blessings. Our children (eight in number) are healthy and promising. Our eldest son is now a surgeon on board a sloop of war. He has been on a cruise near three months; we expect to see him in a few days. Adieu. From your affectionate friend and preceptor, Benj. Rush. Philadelphia, August 3d, 1798. Dr. McClelland, Physician, Greencastle, Penna. (Introducing Dr. Walmsley.) Dear Sir: The bearer, Dr. Walmsley, who has been encouraged to settle at Chambersburg, wishes for the pleasure of your ac- quaintance. He is a graduate of our University, and was a favorite pupil of Dr. Barton's, our learned and ingenious 60 APPENDIX. Professor of Botany and Materia Medica. You will find him amiable and intelligent upon all subjects connected with med- icine. I beg your attention to him. May you long live and flourish in harmony with each other. It has often given me great pleasure to hear of your reputable character and useful- ness in Franklin county. Health and friendship. From your affectionate old preceptor, Benj. Rcsn. Philadelphia, September 28th, 1803. Dr. John McClelland, Greencastle, Pa. Dear Sir: You have left me nothing to advise in the case of Col. Agnew, but his coming immediately to Philadelphia, and first consulting Dr. Physick, who is at the head of the surgery of our city. If he should decline performing an operation on his tongue, I shall advise his applying to Dr. Tate. I am not acquainted with his medicines but I know them to be safe, and I have witnessed many cures being made by them. You are now using the medicine in Miss Henderson's case which I have employed with success in similar cases. The mercury must be given till it excites a gentle salivation. Vomits some- times give relief in cases of obstinate hoarseness. A patient of mine who was averse to taking medicines for that indisposi- tion, was lately cured of it by accidentally taking a bad cold. The cold (as it is called) induced the same excitement in the APPENDIX. 61 organs of speech, which is brought on by a salivation. It gives me great pleasure to hear, from time to time, of your increas- ing reputation and usefulness in your profession. I rejoice, likewise to hear that you have lately divided the happiness resulting from them with an amiable young lady. May you be as happy in your new connection as I have been in mine, and (if your lady will not be offended at it,) I will add further, may you in due time be as blessed as I am with six sons and three daughters! AVith a head covered with gray hairs I en- joy uncommon good health. I am no judge of the state of my mind, but one thing I am safe in asserting, that I enjoy my books and professional pursuits without the least diminution of pleasure. From, my dear sir, your sincere old friend and preceptor, Benj. Rush. Philadelphia, July 11th, 1804. Dr. McClelland. My Dear Old Friend : There are so many more applications for medical appointments in the army than can be satisfied, that I believe it will be no purpose to add Dr. Magaw to the num- ber. I have sent him a recommendation; he may send or withhold it, just as he pleases. I thank you for your account of your late epidemic fever, and for your kind wishes for my health and happiness. I am now publishing a fifth volume of " Medical Inquiries and Observations " upon madness and other 62 APPENDIX. diseases of the mind. It will contain the experience of my life upon these interesting subjects. It gives me great pleasure to hear, from time to time, of your health and increasing usefulness and reputation in your profession. My lengthening shadow suggests to me daily that I must soon sleep with my fathers, but I enjoy, notwithstand- ing, uninterrupted health, and the same pleasure in business and study that I did thirty years ago. From, dear sir, your old friend and preceptor, Benj. Rush. Philadelphia, June 2-ith, 1812. • ,\ T^A\ *$ ;*«^ >J* WB 1 AP4 F8M4M 1892 31710120R NLM DSlMfififib 1 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEOICINE 301676829484�4549494248���