78th Congress, 1st Session House Document No. 266 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL LETTER •FROM THE ACTING SECRETARY OF WAR TRANSMITTING A LETTER FROM THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY, DATED MAY 4, 1943, FORWARDING A REPORT, TOGETHER WITH ACCOMPANYING PAPERS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, ON A SURVEY ' OF THE OHIO RIVER AND ITS TRIBU- TARIES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL, AUTHORIZED BY SECTION 5 OF THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED AUGUST 26, 1937 IN TWO PARTS (Three Volumes) PART TWO REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE August 27, 1943.—Referred'tcTtTie Committee on Rivers and Harbors and ordered to be printed, with 257 illustrations 1th Congress, 1st Session House Document No. 266 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL LETTER FROM THE ACTING SECRETARY OF WAR TRANSMITTING A LETTER FROM THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, UNITED STATES ARMY, DATED MAY 4, 1943, FORWARDING A REPORT, TOGETHER WITH ACCOMPANYING PAPERS AND ILLUSTRATIONS, ON A SURVEY OF THE OHIO RIVER AND ITS TRIBU- TARIES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL, AUTHORIZED BY SECTION 5 OF THE RIVER AND HARBOR ACT APPROVED AUGUST 26, 1937 IN TWO PARTS (Three Volumes) PART TWO REPORT OF THE UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE August 27, 1943.—Referred to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors and ordered to be printed, with 257 illustrations UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1944 CONTEXTS (Part I consists of the report of the Ohio River Committee) (Part II consists of the report of the United States Public Health Service) paVt II Page Syllabus 147 Introduction ; 155 Description 160 Sources of pollution 164 Water quality 168 Low-flow regulation 181 Administration of pollution abatement 184 Acid mine drainage studies 191 Introduction to drainage basin studies 200 Main Ohio River. 203 Minor tributary basins 257 Allegheny River Basin 301 Monongahela River Basin 355 Beaver River Basin 407 Muskingum River Basin 437 Hocking River Basin 469 Kanawha River Basin 489 Little Kanawha River Basin 523 Big Sandy River Basin IIIIIIIIIIIIIII I I.IIIIII 537 Guyandot River Basin ~ ’ ~~ 56I Scioto River Basin IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 575 Miami River Basin 601 Little Miami River Basin 643 Kentucky River Basin 667 Licking River Basin 689 Salt River Basin.. 707 Wabash River Basin 721 Cumberland River Basin. 769 Green River Basin... 795 Tennessee River Basin 811 LIST OF TABLES 1. Summary of data on water supply, sources of pollution, and cost estimates of remedial measures 152 2. Significance of laboratory determinations 158 3. Industrial wastes 167 4. Water quality requirements for various uses 177 5. Summary of laboratory results 179 6. Monthly distribution of flood damage at Pittsburgh 183 7. Acid mine drainage loads 192 8. Costs of mine sealing 196 9. Damages due to acid mine drainage 197 LIST OF FIGURES 1. Map—Ohio River Basin, showing principal streams 147 2. Organization chart and map, showing field offices 156 3. Map—Location of coal fields 160 4. Map—Meanjannual temperature 160 IV CONTENTS Page 5. Map—Mean annual precipitation 160 6. Chart—Population (1890-1940) 162 7. Map—Urban population (1890-1940) 162 8. Map—Major reservoirs 162 9. Map—Water supplies 164 10. Map—Sources of pollution _ 164 11. Chart—Progress of sewage treatment 166 12. Map—Suggested industrial waste correction 166 12a. Chart—Relation between monthly average and minimum daily dis- solved oxygen results 174 13. Map—Coliform results 180 14. Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results 180 15. Map—Dissolved oxygen results ISO 16. Map—Distribution of acid mine drainage 191 17. Chart—Mine sealing performance 194 SUPPLEMENTS TO PART II (Bound Separately) A. Collection of data on sources of pollution 847 B. Laboratory, organization, and methods 901 C. Acid mine drainage 973 D. Industrial waste guides 1025 E. Epidemiological studies 1217 F. Biological studies 1275 Fig.-I FIG.-I LEGEND U.S. ENGINEER DEPARTMENT DISTRICTS DISTRICT BOUNDARY T NAVIGATION DAM I PITTSBURGH] DISTRICT H E ADQU ARTERS OHIO BASIN OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE MARCH I94E (Face p.147) BPO-43 0 -90035 REPORT UPON SURVEY OF THE OHIO RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES FOR POLLUTION CONTROL Syllabus The Ohio River Pollution Survey was directed by section 5 of the River and Harbor Act, approved August 26, 1937, and subsequent authorizations by the Secretary of War, Secretary of the Treasury, and Federal Security Administrator. This report presents informa- tion pertaining to sources, amounts, and effects on various water uses of polluting material discharged into the watercourses of the 204,000 square miles of the Ohio River Basin, and includes cost estimates for comprehensive pollution control measures. The work of this survey has included locating all important sources of pollution and ascertaining the amount of polluting material dis- charged at each, measuring the present effects of the wastes on the streams by means of physical, chemical, bacteriological and biological examinations, determining the present and prospective uses of the streams, estimating the effects of changes in stream flows and river conditions and of possible future additional pollution, and determin- ing the degree of pollution abatement by treatment, low-flow regula- tion, or other methods, which seems economically justified in the light of present and prospective stream uses. This has necessitated studies of water quality requirements for various uses, of available techniques for correcting various types of pollution and their cost, of disease out- breaks suspected of being waterborne, and of legal and administrative instruments and methods available for effecting pollution abatement. _ Besides furnishing water for more than 7,000,000 persons and for industrial processes, the streams of the Ohio River Basin are used for the disposal of sewage by some 8,500,000 people, and almost two- thirds of this sewage receives no treatment. Industrial wastes with an oxygen demand equivalent to sewage from almost 10,000,000 addi- tional persons enter the streams. Pollution problems are further com- plicated by the effect of waters containing 1,800,000 tons of acid per year which flow or are pumped from active and abandoned coal mines in the extensive coal fields of the basin. Many water supplies, both domestic and industrial, suffer from the effects of these polluting substances and outbreaks of intestinal dis- eases, apparently water-borne, have occurred following periods of low stream flow. Recreation facilities have been damaged. Fish and other aquatic life have been detrimentally affected. Steam- boats, barges, other river craft and structures, pumps, pipe lines and condensers exp°sed to acid stream waters have been attacked. Although the Ohio Basin, considered as a whole, is one in which water pollution is serious, the intensity of the problem is far from uni- form. Many of the streams receive no wastes of consequence while others could be restored to good sanitary condition at a reasonable 147 148 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL cost. Large concentrations of population or of industries and tlie present need for the development of more economical methods of cor- rection of pollution from certain types of industrial wastes are prac- tical considerations which will delay the attainment of a high degree of stream restoration in a few areas. Continued intensive research to develop better treatment or recovery techniques is essential in certain instances if conditions are to be improved. The results of this survey have made it more than ever apparent that it is neither prac- ticable nor desirable to establish either uniform or permanent standards of water quality applicable to all streams throughout an area as ex- tensive and varied as the Ohio Basin. On the other hand, some degree of treatment of all municipal sewage seems to be a reasonable requirement in an area as highly urbanized and densely populated as the Ohio Basin, even though harmful effects are confined to possible odors, sludge deposits, floating sewage solids, and scum in the im- mediate vicinity of the outfall. Low-flow regulation by reservoirs can be used as an important supplement to treatment and other corrective measures in abating sewage and organic industrial waste pollution and in reducing mine acid surges. Proposed and existing flood-control reservoirs in the area above Pittsburgh, those under construction on the Mahoning, New, and Cumberland Rivers, and the proposed reservoir on the Olentangy River above Columbus, Ohio, are among those with out- standing value for pollution control. Others will have minor value. In general, the cost of providing storage exclusively for pollution con- trol is not warranted by the benefits, although this does not hold true in certain instances. If the regulated flow can be made available incidental to some other reservoir use, such as power or flood control, the value of the flow regulation for pollution abatement may be a factor in determining the economic justification of the reservoir project. There appears to be both a need and a desire for abatement of water pollution in the Ohio Basin. About half of the sewage entering tribu- tary streams, except at Ohio River cities, such as Pittsburgh and Cin- cinnati, now is being treated. However, a negligible part of the sewage, from Ohio River communities is treated and this stream serves as a source of water supply for more than 1,600,000 people. The pro- vision of sewage treatment facilities at Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Louisville, and various measures for the correction of mine acid pollution, principally in the upper Ohio River regions, are outstanding projects in the suggested basin-wide program for pollution abatement. Salient features of the main Ohio River and the five Ohio River division districts of the United States Engineer Department and their pollution problems are as follows: Main Ohio River.—A negligible part of the sewage from Ohio River communities is treated and this stream serves as a source of water supply for more than 1,600,000 people. One of the major factors which has delayed waste treatment on the Ohio River while rapid progress was being made elsewhere is the interstate character of the stream. In general, the State agencies concerned with water pollu- tion lack authority over waste discharges to the Ohio River. An attempt is being made to correct this situation by means of an inter- state compact, the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Compact, which has been approved by the Congress and ratified unconditionally OHIO RIVER POLLUTION- CONTROL 149 by four States and with reservations by two others. Ratification by the Pennsylvania Legislature is necessary before the compact can become effective. Since this is the first attempt that has been made to deal with interstate pollution problems in any large area in this manner, ratification by Pennsylvania is highly desirable in order that the compact may become operative and that this method of adminis- trative control may be tested. Pittsburgh district (.Allegheny, Monongahela, and Beaver River Basins).—The tributaries in the Pittsburgh engineer district receive about two-thirds of all the acid mine drainage in the Oliio Basin. Large amounts of untreated sewage from Pittsburgh and its suburbs enter the lower Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers and untreated sewage and industrial wastes from the Youngstown district seriously pollute the Mahoning and Beaver Rivers. Industrial wastes from a pulp mill and tanneries cause severe pollution along the Clarion River in spite of extensive measures taken to reduce the quantity and strength of these wastes. Phenols from byproduct coke plants along the Mahoning cause obnoxious tastes and odors in water supplies from the Beaver River. Low-flow augmentation by reservoirs on tributaries of the Allegheny and Monongahela will be valuable supplements to mine sealing and sewage treatment programs in abating pollution and the Berlin Reservoir, now under construction on the upper Mahoning, will relieve the shortage of cooling and process water for industrial use in the Youngstown area, in addition to supplementing waste treatment works for pollution control. Huntington district (Muskingum, Little Kanawha, Hocking, Kana- wha, Guyandot, and Big Sandy River Basins).—The principal areas of heavy pollution in the Huntington engineer district are the northern part of the Muskingum Basin and the lower Kanawha River from Charleston downstream. The remaining parts of the Muskingum and Kanawha River Basins as well as the Little Kanawha, Hocking, Guyandot, and Big Sandy Basins and the minor tributaries are relatively clean. A number of the streams are polluted locally by mine drainage and untreated sewage but the communities are not large and the streams generally have sufficient natural alkalinity so that the effects of mine acid are not felt in the larger streams. The upper Tuscarawas, headwater stream of the Muskingum River Basin, and some of its tributaries are heavily polluted by sewage and industrial wastes although steps have been taken to correct con- ditions. Waste salts on the upper Tuscarawas make that stream unsuitable as a source of water supply and for some other purposes for many miles. Chemical plants along the Kanawha River in the Charleston area are among the largest sources of pollution in the Ohio Basin. These wastes, together with untreated sewage from the cities m the same area, cause nuisance conditions in the river and serious taste and odor difficulties at water supplies downstream. Low-flow control by the Bluestone Reservoir now under construction on the New River will be of supplementary value in abating organic f aste and odor pollution from this area. Cincinnati district (Scioto, Little Miami, Licking, Miami, and Kentucky River Basins).—More than 80 percent of the sewage from communities on tributaries in the Cincinnati engineer district is treated. The most heavily polluted tributary in the district is the 150 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL lower Miami River. Two of the larger cities on the lower Miami discharge untreated sewage, but a major part of the pollution load comes from paper mills. Adequate pollution abatement will require research to develop more efficient methods of treating these wastes. Low-flow regulation for pollution abatement does not appear prom- ising since present minimum flows are relatively high, and significant increases in these flows would require large storage capacities at high costs. In spite of the recently constructed complete treatment plant at Columbus* the Scioto River is still polluted. There are many times when there is practically no dilution for the treatment plant effluent. Low-flow control by the proposed flood-control reservoir on the Olentangy River above Delaware would aid considerably in solving this problem. Strawboard plant wastes pollute the Scioto below Circleville, although the recently completed treatment plant has helped the situation. There is an urgent need for improved methods of treating these wastes and paper mill wastes. The Licking and Little Miami Rivers receive considerable amounts of untreated sewage and industrial wastes near their mouths in the Cincinnati metropolitan area. These should be intercepted and discharged after treatment to the Ohio River. Such a program is under way on the Little Miami. The outstanding sources of pollution in the Kentucky River Basin are distilleries, a number of which need improved waste disposal facilities. In general, the Licking, Kentucky, and Little Miami are relatively clean streams. Louisville district (Salt, Green, and 'Wabash River Basins).—The Wabash River is the largest stream in the Louisville engineer district and the only one with a major pollution problem. The Salt and Green River Basins are relatively clean although some of the distilleries in the Salt Basin have inadequate waste-disposal facilities. About three-quarters of the sewage from communities in the Wabash River Basin is treated. The largest municipality discharging un- treated sewage is Terre Haute. Industrial wastes, particularly from vegetable canneries and strawboard plants, cause the most serious problems at present. The West Fork of White River is rather heavily polluted by wastes from Indianapolis, Muncie, and Anderson, al- though all of these communities have sewage-treatment plants. There are no suitable reservoir sites above these cities which could be used for low-flow control. Improvements to the Indianapolis treatment plant are needed to improve conditions in the West Fork. Nashville district (Cumberland and Tennessee River Basins).—More than half of the pollution load in the Cumberland Basin enters the main stream in the vicinity of Nashville, the only large city in the basin. About one-half of the sewage outside of Nashville is treated at present. Under present unregulated flow conditions, secondary treatment would be required at Nashville in order to maintain satis- factory stream conditions. Upon completion of the Wolf Creek Reservoir, now under construction on the upper Cumberland, the minimum flow at Nashville will be sufficient to permit maintenance of satisfactory conditions with only primary treatment. The Tennessee River Basin is a predominantly rural area which is experiencing a considerable industrial development due in a large degree to the program of the Tennessee Valley Authority. Scant progress has been made toward pollution abatement. The largest OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 151 cities and principal industrial centers are Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Asheville, all of which discharge sewage and other wastes without treatment. Most of the other important sources of pollution are on tributary streams in the upper half of the basin. Pulp, paper, chemical, and textile wastes account for the bulk of the industrial waste load. The program of the Tennessee Valley Authority has increased the low flow of the main stream and some of the tributaries, and further increases will result from reservoirs now under construction and those proposed but, with the exception of Chattanooga and Knoxville, the important sources of pollution are upstream from reservoirs and will not be helped by the increased flow. Additional effort is needed to improve methods now available for treating some of the industrial wastes. The problem of financing the necessary facilities has always been one of the principal deterrents to pollution abatement. The effec- tiveness of grants-in-aid and low interest loans in accelerating such work has been proved by the experience of the past 7 years. It seems doubtful that any such rapid progress will continue without aid from either the Federal or the State Governments. Table 1 summarizes some of the more important facts about the Ohio Basin. The cost estimates of waste-treatment facilities include both interceptors and treatment plants. The estimated capital cost of the suggested program, including a mine sealing program, is approxi- mately $180,000,000 and annual charges for operation, interest, and amortization approximately $18,500,000. Cost estimates are based on average experience from 1928 to 1940. Cost for 1942 would be considerably higher and future costs will probably be subject to further change, depending upon fluctuations in construction costs for this type of work. 152 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table 1.—Ohio River Basin—Summary of data on population, public water supplies, sewerage, sewage treatment, industrial wastes, costs of existing and suggested waste treatment facilities and mine sealing by basins and States [AH populations, population equivalents, and costs are in thousands] Mileage of conflu- ence with Ohio River Drain- age area, square miles Population, 1940 Public water supplies Population served by sewers Number of sewage treatment plants Urban Rural Total Total, all supplies Polluted sur- face supplies Treatment Total Pri- mary Sec- ond- ary Total Num- ber Popula- tion served Num- ber Popula- tion served None Pri- mary Second- ary BY BASINS 2,570. 5 127.2 2,697.7 121 2,172.2 30 1,663.0 2,069.7 6.1 16.4 2,092.2 4 16 20 23,780 130.4 1,254.8 1,385.2 94 213.7 9 24.6 57.5 13.9 96.4 167.8 12 30 42 Pittsburgh engineer district: Allegheny 981.0 11, 730 523 5 713.2 1.236.7 225 1,545.8 21 920.1 755.5 109.0 55.3 919.8 22 19 41 Monongahela 981. 0 7,380 585.1 679.6 1,264. 7 153 878.2 57 684.3 796.1 45.8 20.3 862. 2 13 7 20 Beaver ... ... 955.6 3,145 477.3 251.1 728.4 50 554.1 12 430 4 297.3 134.3 84.1 515.7 17 18 35 Huntington engineer district: Muskingum. . 808.8 8,040 398.4 413.6 812.0 94 471.2 4 74.5 137.0 78.7 206.9 422.6 13 18 31 796.4 2,320 92.4 92.4 8 10.0 3 2.9 5.4 1.4 3.4 10.2 1 1 2 Hocking 781.7 1,185 48.1 65.5 113.6 16 51.0 0 0 24.4 1.3 22.7 48.4 2 2 4 Kanawha 715.3 12,300 175.5 659. 3 834.8 180 326.4 33 151.7 177.0 20.9 28.6 226.5 6 6 12 Guyandot 675.8 1,670 8.2 140.1 148.3 89 61.5 5 12.9 23.9 0 0 23.9 0 0 0 Big Sandy 663 9 4.280 31.2 380.7 411.9 120 137.5 15 44.3 52.4 0 2.6 55.0 0 3 3 Cincinnati engineer district: Scioto 624.5 6, 510 447.8 291.8 739.6 44 479.7 3 345.5 11.1 43.9 357.6 412.6 15. 18 33 Little Miami 516.9 1, 755 24.0 111.5 135.5 21 39.1 2 1.5 85.1 8.1 16.5 109.7 3 8 11 Licking 510.8 3,670 27.8 161.5 189.3 17 37.9 5 23.0 14.0 0 11.2 25.2 0 2 2 Miami 489.9 5,385 502.1 328.4 830.5 64 602.1 2 24.5 128.1 89.0 333.4 550.5 10 21 31 Kentucky 435.2 6,940 96.1 385.9 482.0 38 151.0 10 113.3 35.9 1.2 68.2 105. 3 3 10 13 Louisville engineer district: Salt 351.1 2,890 16.0 123.9 139.9 17 27.1 5 4.3 3.2 1.7 15.4 20.3 1 7 8 Green 196. 8 9, 220 44.4 400.0 444.4 39 69.9 9 23.4 10.7 29.3 5.0 45.0 8 3 11 Wabash 133.0 33,100 1,198.1 1,310. 5 2, 508.6 275 1, 299.1 30 687.5 297.7 39.1 782.9 1,119. 7 10 74 84 Nashville engineer district: Cumberland 60.6 18,000 277.7 851.3 1,129. 0 92 368.0 16 239.4 173.0 9.3 55.0 237.3 7 10 17 Tennessee. 46.5 40,600 631.9 1,859.4 2,491. 3 244 871.1 23 394.7 492.9 41.8 56.6 591.3 26 18 44 Total 203,900 8.214.1 10,601.7 18,815.8 2,001 | 10,366.6 294 5,865.8 5,647.9 674.8 2, 238. 5 8. 561. 2 173 291 464 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 153 BY STATES Alabama ___ 6.810 79.5 310.5 390.0 600.5 21 83.7 5 39. 7 58.6 4.4 0 63.0 2 0 2 Illinois 11,440 29,135 39,375 214. 3 386. 2 70 232.2 14 103.5 53.1 29.8 120.5 203.4 3 23 26 77 Indiana ... 1,242. 0 1,261.4 1,953. 3 2. 503. 4 2, 790.8 149.4 262 1,379.6 1,114.4 26 744.7 439.8 10.5 713.9 1,164. 2 9 68 Kentucky '837.5 232 55 819.3 650. 4 49.2 149. 4 ' 849.0 22 42 04 11 1,955 76. 4 73.0 25 119.3 1 24.0 29.5 79.5 1. 5 110. 5 9 2 North Carolina __ 6,260 67. 7 287.0 354. 7 55 124.9 1 98.0 1.5 3.5 103.0 3 10 13 Ohio 29, 570 2,470. 2 1,992.9 1,656.4 1.425. 7 4,126.6 301 2,796.2 2,654. 2 850.8 26 1,433.3 1,630. 3 573. 3 1,379. 3 1,827.1 452.9 239.0 975. 5 2, 593.8 2,186.8 551 82 137 Pennsylvania 15,620 3', 418.6 2,154.2 455.4 1, 777. 6 94.6 355 66 200.3 159. 4 36 38 74 Tennessee -- 33,645 7,175 20,610 2,305 666.9 1.487.3 150 22 24.0 76.7 553. 0 19 14 33 Virginia 62.3 ' 393.1 84 127.2 5 11.3 44.1 8.6 5.9 58.6 2 3 5 West Virginia - 500.9 1.276. 7 435 876.3 73 486.2 609.1 25.9 28.7 663.7 11 8 19 Georsia, Maryland, and Missis- 3.5 91.1 11 7.8 0 0 6.0 2.1 3.5 11.6 2 1 3 Total 203,900 8,214.1 10,601.7 18,815.8 2, 001 10, 366.6 294 5,865.8 5,647.9 674.8 2, 238. 5 8,561.2 173 291 46 Industrial wastes, popula- tion equivalent (bio- chemical oxygen demand) Total population equivalent (bio- chemical oxygen demand) Est imated costs of waste treatment facilities Estimated capital costs of mine scaling - To mu- nicipal treat- Not to mu- nicipal treat- ment Tiotal Before treat- ment As dis- charged Existing munici- pal Suggested mu- nicipal Suggested in- dustrial Total suggested municipal and industrial Through 1940 To com- plete program1 with 1940 ment Capital Annual Capital Annual Capital Annual Capital Annual restric- tions BY BASINS 2,392. 0 30.3 2, 392. 0 31.2 4, 484. 2 4, 468.4 110.9 1,080 3,800 5,460 1,500 4,760 4,550 190 95 67,910 2,310 10,020 12,140 5,595 210 3,120 280 1,115 71, 030 6,710 0 0 0.9 199.0 330 75 2, 590 285 650 480 Pittsburgh engineer district: 5.2 673.2 678.4 1, 598.2 1, 514. 4 1, 254. 7 558.4 410 925 660 230 10, 680 1,155 510 1,460 2.0 424.3 426.3 1,288. 5 680.1 115 985 1,110 470 13,250 1,455 1.820 1.600 11.8 152.6 164.4 415 4,960 495 1,040 370 6,000 865 60 50 Huntington engineer district: 40.1 280.5 320.6 743.2 492.2 440 4, 870 395 310 140 5,180 535 21.450 2 no 10.2 6.8 15 210 20 0 0 210 20 0 0 1.4 7.2 8.6 57.0 36.0 840 70 670 55 0 0 620 55 (2) (2) 11.1 1, 479. 1 .2 1, 490. 2 .2 1, 716. 7 1, 675.1 24.1 1, 300 115 5,000 410 1,270 405 6,270 815 70 120 Guyandot 0 24.1 0 0 530 45 0 0 530 45 40 10 0 .4 .4 55.4 53.3 70 10 1, 240 110 0 0 1,240 no 70 240 Cincinnati engineer district: 348.6 77.3 425.9 838.5 251.4 12.890 1,090 930 90 370 90 1, 300 180 100 40 Little Miami 2.8 67.9 60.7 170.4 149.1 530 55 530 50 50 10 580 60 0 0 0 3.3 3.3 28.5 18.9 290 30 700 70 10 0 710 70 0 0 See footnotes at end of table. 154 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table 1.—Ohio River Basin—Summary of data on population, public water supplies, sewerage, sewage treatment, industrial wastes, costs of existing and suggested waste treatment facilities and mine sealing by basins and States—Continued [All populations, population equivalents, and costs are in thousands] Industrial wastes, popula- tion equivalent (bio- chemical oxygen demand) Total population equivalent (bio- chemical oxygen demand) Estimated costs of waste treatment facilities Estimated capital costs of mine sealing To mu- nicipal treat- Not to mu- nicipal Total Before treat- As dis- charged Existing munici- pal Suggested mu- nicipal Suggested in- dustrial Total suggested municipal and industrial Through 1940 To com- plete program ment ment Capital Annual Capital Annual Capital Annual Capital Annual restric- tions Cincinnati engineer—Continued. Miami 166.2 235. 3 401.5 952 0 482.7 9, 380 745 3,680 320 1,180 340 4.860 660 0 0 Kentucky 32.9 98.5 131.4 236.7 150.4 1,370 155 1,130 100 360 60 1,490 160 60 130 Louisville engineer district: Salt .7 98.2 i©8.9 119.2 105.3 670 80 210 25 250 45 460 70 0 0 Green. 1.4 2.4 3.8 48.8 33.8 450 55 780 80 0 0 780 80 80 310 Wabash _ 547.5 1, 224. 5 1,772.0 2,891.7 1,818.9 16,650 1,600 12,830 1,185 1, 690 470 14, 520 1, 655 240 80 Nashville engineer district: Cumberland 17.9 240.6 258. 5 495.8 430.7 1,660 165 6,870 515 270 50 7,140 565 200 780 Tennessee— . 5.4 1, 300. 6 1,306.0 1,897. 3 1,832.6 2,750 250 22,870 1,640 1,610 395 24, 480 2,035 20 100 Total 1,195.9 8,778. 4 9, 974. 3 18, 535 5 15,468.1 70.190 6,240 160, 340 13. 320 13, 580 4, 265 173, 920 17,585 5,370 5,510 BY STATES Alabama .3 9.1 9.4 72.4 70.7 140 10 1,760 150 10 0 1,770 150 0 0 Illinois 10.1 79.6 89.7 293. 1 160. 4 8, 760 340 2,470 230 20 5 2,490 235 0 0 Indiana 516.9 1,376.8 1,893. 7 3,057.9 2,091.0 14,990 1,430 17,910 1.515 1,830 515 19, 740 2,030 270 80 Kentucky 49.7 976.0 1,025.7 1,874.7 1, 688. 8 4,585 500 17,140 1,290 1,010 230 18,150 1,520 340 1,200 New York 5.2 71.9 77.1 187. 6 155.6 . 4.260 310 540 55 90 30 640 85 0 0 North Carolina .1 509. 5 509.6 612.6 609.1 210 15 3, 770 290 640 105 4, 410 395 0 0 Ohio 580.5 1,922.1 2, 502. 6 5,096. 4 3, 688.9 30, 380 2, 600 35. 240 3.205 3, 440 840 38, 680 4,045 1,940 400 Pennsylvania 13 8 1,156.2 1.170.0 3, 356. 8 3,152.9 6, 940 585 43, 050 3, 710 2, 620 1,245 45, 670 4, 955 1,490 3,100 Tennessee 8.2 945.8 954.0 1,507.6 1,429.9 2, 900 270 21,670 1,475 1,090 305 22, 760 1,780 110 420 Virginia 0 35.5 35.5 94.1 87. 5 380 35 1,880 170 160 85 2,040 255 0 150 West Virginia ... 11.1 1, 638. 9 1, 650.0 2, 313 7 2, 268. 5 1,495 130 14,600 1,200 2,570 875 17,160 2,075 1,210 160 Georgia, Maryland, and Mississippi. 0 57.0 57.0 68.6 64.8 150 15 310 30 100 30 410 60 10 0 Total 1,195.9 8, 778.4 9, 974. 3 18, 535. 5 15,468.1 70,190 6,240 160,340 13, 320 13, 580 4,265 173, 920 17,585 5, 370 5,510 1 Areas connected to active ventilation systems and areas where costs exceed $10 per ton per year not included. 8 Hocking plus Muskingum costs given under Muskingum. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 155 Introduction The investigation of pollution in the Ohio River Basin has been made in compliance with section 5, River and Harbor Act, approved August 26, 1937, which reads in part as follows: Sec. 5. That the Secertary of War is hereby authorized and directed to cause a survey to be made of the Ohio River and its tributaries to ascertain what pollutive substances are being deposited, directly or indirectly, therein and the sources and extent of such deposits, and with a view to determining the most feasible method of correcting and eliminating the pollution of these streams. The survey herein authorized shall include comprehensive investigations and studies of the various problems relating to stream pollution and its prevention and abatement. In making these investigations and studies, and in the development and formulation of corrective plans, the Secretary of War may, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, secure the cooperation and assistance of the Public Health Service, and may allot funds from the appropriation hereinafter designated to pay for such cooperation and assistance. The survey shall be completed as soon as practicable after passage of this act, and the Secretary of War shall report the results thereof to the Congress, together with such recom- mendations for remedial legislation as he deems advisable. AUTHORIZATION ORGANIZATION In approving this section of the act, the President advised the Secretary of \\ ar that he desired the appointment of a committee to supervise the survey, the committee to be composed of a representative of the Army Engineer Corps, the Public Health Service, and a non- Government expert to be selected by the other two members. Pur- suant to this recommendation, the survey has been made under the general supervision of a committee composed of Brig. Gen. Max C. Tyler, later succeeded by Maj. Gen. T. M. Robins, representing the Corps of Engineeis, United States Army; Sanitary Engineer Director R. E. Tarbett, representing the Public Health Service; and Dr. Abel Wolman, Johns Hopkins University, selected as the non-Government expert. Under this committee, data on sources of pollution and laboratory data have been collected by the United States Public Health Service and hydrometric data have been collected by the United States Engineer Department. The attached organization chart gives in detail the plan of operation for the conduct of the survey. Ohio River Pollution Survey (Total personnel, 96) TECHNICAL STAFF Office of stream sanitation (38): Cincinnati headquarters (15): Crohurst, H. It., sanitary engineer director (deceased). Tisdale, Ellis S., sanitary engineer (reserve). LeBosquet, M., Jr., senior public health engineer. Hollis, Mark D., passed assistant sanitary engineer. Woodward, Richard L., associate public health engineer. Weibel, Samuel It., associate public health engineer. Eiffert, William T., assistant public health engineer. Palange, Ralph C., assistant sanitary engineer (ieserve). Draftsmen (2). Stenographers and clerks (5). 156 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Office of stream sanitation (38)—Continued. Field engineers, first year (8): McCallum, Gordon E., associate public health engineer. Poston, Richard F., associate public health engineer. Keatlev, Charles R., associate public health engineer. Yaffe, Charles D., assistant public health engineer. Freeman, Archie B., assistant public health engineer. Reed, George D., assistant public health engineer. Solander, Arvo A., assistant public health engineer. Bourne, H. Gardner, Jr., assistant chemical engineer. Additional field engineers, second year (,15): Haney, Paul D., assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). Seufer, Paul E., assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). Spencer, Charles C., assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). Pearl, Emanuel H., assistant public health engineer. Flanagan, Joseph E., Jr., assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). Johnson, Ralph J., assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). Porges, Ralph, assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). McKinstry, Edward N., assistant public health engineer. Murray, William C., assistant public health engineer. Clark, Sterling M., assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). Joseph, Edwin B., assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). Okun, Daniel A., assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). Raneri, Ray, assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). Rostenbach, Royal E., assistant chemical engineer. Terrill, James G., Jr., assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). Stream pollution investigations station (58): Cincinnati headquarters (21): Hoskins, J. K., sanitary engineer director succeeded by Hasseltine H. E., medical director. Streeter, H. W., sanitary engineer director. Forsbeck, Filip C., surgeon.1 Wheeler, Ralph C., surgeon (reserve). Brinley, Floyd J., associate biologist. Carnahan, Charles T., public health engineer. DeMartini, Frank E., associate public health engineer. Burns, William E., junior bacteriologist. Ettinger, Morris B., assistant sanitary chemist. Katzin, Leonard I., junior aquatic biologist. Chambers, Cecil W., junior sanitary bacteriologist. Draftsman (1). Statistical clerks (4). Laboratory attendants (4). Sample collector (1). Motorboat operator (1). Field laboratories (37): Monroe, Stanley G., associate public health engineer, i Levine, Beniamin S., bacteriologist. Chapman, Charles R., passed assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). Fittro, Louis L., assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). Kass, Edwin A., assistant sanitary engineer (reserve). McNair, John C., assistant chemical engineer. Walker, William W., assistant sanitary chemist. Cohen, Stuart, junior chemist. Megregian, Stephen, junior chemist. Middleton, Francis M., junior chemist. Norris, Francis I., junior chemist. Pettijohn, O. Glenn, junior chemist. Snider, Ross A., junior chemist. Lucht, Robert A., junior chemical engineer. Laboratory attendants (9). Sample collectors (9). , Shipkeepers (3). Motorboat operators (2). »Deceased. ♦ Note —Official designations apply to the last day of each person’s connection with the Ohio River Pollution Survey. Flg.-2 WAR DEPARTMENT CORPS OF ENGINEERS CHIEF OF ENGINEERS WASHINGTON D. C OFFICE OF THE DIVISION ENGINEER CINCINNATI OHIO DISTRICT ENGINEER HUNTINGTON W. VA. DISTRICT ENGINEER NASHVILLE TENN. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY HYDROMETRIC STUDIES STREAM DISCHARGE TIMES QF FIQW DISTRICT ENGINEER CINCINNATI OHIO z o > >- 5 o o -»>■*< 5 < " 2=0 3 < X a ■ z ■ 3 5-123 < w w>. *5 tn t o * ° “ Ji t up 0 o*= 1 S - °r u * < u o o3 t- j o < £ - « * h oj; 2 u j i o o a u d >- o o £ E: i-a , i- U. o° - o Is z \\ O — 0) No. 1 fiPO-43 0-90035 Fig. 4 OHIO BASIN MEAN ANNUAL TEMPBRATUp* OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. $ PUBLIC HE ALTH SERVICE MARCH 1941 (Face p.160) No. 2 6P0 43 0 -90035 Fig. 5 OHIO BASIN S/IEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HE ALTH SERVICE MARCH IS4I , (Face p.160) No. 3 BPO-43 0 -90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 161 Extremes of—35° F. and over 100° F. have been recorded. Mean annual rainfall varies from about 36 inches in the north to 60 inches in the southeast. (See fig. 5.) Run-off.—On an average about one-third to one-half of the rainfall appears as stream flow but this is subject to extreme variations. The flow of the Ohio River at the mouth has varied from as little as 20,000 cubic feet per second to as much as 1,850,000 cubic feet per second, with the average being about 250,000 cubic feet per second. The winter and early spring months are usually the period of high run-off. Major Ohio River floods have almost always occurred between January and the middle of April. The streams usually fall with the advent of the growing season. May and June are usually months of moder- ately high flow and the low-flow season includes the months from July through October or November. The minimum flows usually occur in September or October. The 10 years from 1930 to 1939 included a number of notably dry years. The summer and fall months of 1930, 1932, 1934, 1936, and 1939 were among the driest in various parts of the basin. During 1930 the drought was particularly severe and general. The Ohio River and most of its tributaries experienced their lowest flows of record during the late summer and early fall months of 1930. The drought continued throughout much of the winter and into the early months of 1931. Population.—The population of the Ohio Basin in 1940 was approxi- mately 18,800,000, of which about 44 percent was classified as urban and 56 percent as rural. This represents a population density of more than twice the national average. The basin is somewhat less urbanized than the Nation as a whole where about 56 percent of the population is urban. Table 1 shows the distribution of population by basins and States. Figure 6 shows the increase in population for the years 1890 to 1940, and figure 7 shows the distribution of urban population for the same years. The northern and eastern parts of the basin are more densely populated and more highly urbanized than the southern and western parts but in recent years the rate of growth has been more rapid in the Southern States than in the north. Navigation.—The Ohio River has been canalized, 46 locks and dams now providing a 9-foot channel at low water. Most of these dams are movable, that is, when not needed during periods of high flow they are dropped to the bottom of the river and boats can pass over them without going through the locks. Four of the dams are fixed and boats must use the locks at all times. These four are the Ems- worth, Dasliield’s and Montgomery Island Dams at the upper end of the river near Pittsburgh and the Gallipolis Dam below the mouth of the Kanawha River. In addition to the main stream most of the larger tributaries have been canalized for varying distances. Almost 2,000 miles of the Allegheny, Monongahela, Muskingum, Little Kanawha, Kanawha, Big Sandy, and its tributaries (Tug Fork and Levisa Fork), Kentucky, Green, and its tributaries (Barren and Rough Rivers), Cumberland, and Tennessee have been improved for navigation. The facilities on most of these streams are not extensively used but the Monongahela River is one of the most heavily traveled inland waterways in the world and the Allegheny also carries a large amount of freight in the vicinity of Pittsburgh. 162 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Fig. 6 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBL'C HEALTH SERVICE 1941 OHIO BASIN —POPULATION GROWTH 1890 - 1940 URBAN RURAL data: D. s. census FIG.-7 OHIO BASIN-URBAN POPULATION 1890-1940 INCORPORATED PLACES OF 2 500 OR MORE > AREA OF CIRCLES 7 PROPORTIONAL TO 3OPULATION OF CITIES OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 data: u. s. census (Face p.162) No. 1 GPO-43 0 - 90035 FIG.-8 OHIO BASIN MAJOR RESERVOIRS RESERVOIRS COMPLETED OR UNDER CONSTRUCTION LEGEND Continued No. Nome Major Ownership Capacity Purposes Acre -Feet 1 Tionesto ■ F F 125,600 2 P i n e y P P 28,200 3 Mahoning Or. F F 69,500 4 Crooked Cr. F F 89,500 5 Loyolhanna F F 93,500 6 Quemahoning 1 P 31,800 7 Youghiogheny FA F 248(000 8 Deep Cr. P P 106,000 9 Lake Lynn P P 72,300 10 Tygart FN F 278,800 II Pymatuning FI A S 197,000 12 Meander Cr. M D 32,400 13 Milton 1 A M 2 3,000 14 Berlin F1A F 71,000 15 Atwood F F 49,700 16 Beech City F F 7 1,700 17 Bolivar F F 149,600 18 Charles Mill F F 88,000 19 Clendenin F F 54,000 20 Dover F F 203,000 21 Leesvi lie F F 37,400 22 Mohawk F F 285,000 23 Mohicanville F F 102,000 24 Piedmont F F 65,000 25 Pleasant Hill F F 87,700 26 Senecaville F F 88,500 27 Tappan F F 61,600 28 Wills Cr. F F 196,000 29 Bluestone FP F 609,400 30 Cloytor P P 225,000 31 O’Shaughnessy M M 16,400 32 Germantown F D 106,000 33 Englewood F D 312,000 34 Taylorsville F D 186,000 35 Huffman F D 167,000 36 Loramie F D 70,000 37 Di x P P 300,000 38 Wolf Cr. FP F 5,782,000 39 Dale Hollow FP F 1,639,000 40 Center Hill FP F 2,032,000 4| Great Falls P F 54,500 42 Kentucky NFP F 6,100,000 43 Pickwick Londing NFP F 1,091,000 44 Wilson NP F 535,000 45 Wheeler NFP F 1,150,000 46 Guntersville NFP F 1,018,700 47 Hales Bar NP F 128,800 40 Chickamauga NFP F 705,000 49 Watts Bar NFP F 1,132,000 50 Ft. Loudon NFP F 365,500 51 Norris FP F 2,567,000 52 Apalachia P F 50,000 53 Hiwassee No.l FP F 438,000 54 Ocoee P F 76,600 55 Blue Ridge P F 197,500 56 Nottely P F 190,000 57 Chatuge P F 240,000 58 Cal derwood P P 34,000 59 Che oa h P P 31,000 60 Fontona FP F 1,500,000 No. Nome Major Ownership Capacity Purposes Acre -Feet 61 Sonteetloh P P 156,000 62 Nontahalo P P 140,000 63 Glenville P P 71,000 64 Ch.erokee P F 1,640,000 65 S.H ol ston P F 680p00 66 Wotouga P F 627,000 67 Douglas P F 1,260,000 68* Woterville P P 25,000 69 Nolichucky P P LEGEND Major Purposes F — Flood Control P — Power M - Municipal W.S. I - Industrial W.S. N - Navigation A - Pollution Abatement Ownership F — Federal S - State M — Municipal D - Public Di strict P - Private PROPOSED FLOOD-CONTROL AND MULTIPLE-PURPOSE RESERVOIRS IN OHIO VALLEY FLOOD CONTROL PLAN LEGEND 70 Allegheny 71 French Creek 72 Red Bank Creek 73 Conemaugh 74 West Fork 75 Shenango 76 Mosquito Creek 77 Eagle Creek 78 Millersburg 79 Frazeysburg 80 Dillon 81 Burnsville 82 Steer Cr. 83 West Fork 84 Logon 85 Poca 86 Birch 87 Clendenin 88 Summersville 89 Bi g Bend 90 Moores Ferry 91 Mud River 92 East Lynn 93 Dewey 94 Fishtrap 95 Clintwood 96 Haysi 97 Delowore 98 Big Darby 99 Deer Creek 100 Paint Creek 101 Rocky Fork 102 Caesar Creek 103 East Fork 104 Falmouth 105 Cave Run 106 Metamora 107 Brookville 108 Buckhorn 109 Boone vi lie HO Jessamine Creek 11 I Rough River 112 Mining City 113 Nolin River 114 No.2 Barren 115 No.2Green 116 Mansfield 117 Cables Mill 118 Spencer 119 Shoals 120 Wolf Creek 121 Rossview t22 Three Islands 123 Stewarts Ferry FIG.-8 OHIO BASIN MAJOR RESERVOIRS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY ! U. S. PUBLIC HE ALTH SERVICE / MARCH 1942 (Pace p. 162) No. 2 GPO-43 0 -90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 163 Flood control.—The acute need for flood control on the Ohio River and its tributaries was brought to national attention by the disastrous floods of 1936 and 1937. Prior to that time a number of flood-control projects had been initiated locally, notably those of the Miami and Muskingum Conservancy Districts. The Tennessee Valley Authority and the United States Engineer Department also had constructed some reservoirs and other works for flood control. Following the floods of 1936 and 1937 the Congress authorized the construction of a comprehensive system of reservoirs on Ohio River tributaries and numerous levees and walls for flood protection. Figure 8 shows the location of existing flood-control reservoirs, those under construction and projects being studied. Because major floods usualfy occur during the winter and early spring, it may be possible to use some of the storage capacity at a number of these reservoirs for low-flow regu- lation during the summer and early fall months. Hydroelectric power.—The largest hydroelectric developments in the basin are on the Tennessee River and its tributaries. The Kanawha and New Rivers also are the sites of several power projects. Others are on the Ohio River at Louisville, the Clarion River, a tributary of the Allegheny, the Youghiogheny, and Cheat Rivers, tributaries of the Monongahela, Dix River, a tributary of the Ken- tucky and the Tippecanoe River and East Fork of White River, tributaries of the Wabash. Two large flood-control reservoirs with excellent power possibilities are under construction at present. These are the Bluestone Reservoir on the New River and the Wolf Creek Reservoir on the Cumberland. The power facilities of the Tennessee Valley Authority are being expanded rapidly and a number of new projects are under construction. The installed capacity of the entire system is approaching 1,500,000 kilowatts. Low-flow control.—Pymatuning Reservoir on the Shenango ‘River and Milton Reservoir on the Mahoning River, both tributaries of the Beaver, are the outstanding examples of projects built primarily for low-flow control. Both of these streams are used as sources of indus- trial water supply by the steel industry and the reservoirs were built to relieve the acute shortage which occurred almost every summer. The Tygart River Reservoir, a multiple-purpose project on a tribu- tary of the Monongahela, was built by the United States Engineer Department to insure an adequate flow for the maintenance of naviga- tion on the Monongahela in addition to providing flood control. Recreation.—An increasing demand for water recreational facilities has been apparent in recent years. The extensive use of the recently completed reservoirs of the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Mus- kingum Conservancy District, as well as other bodies of water in the Ohio Basin indicates the need for such recreational areas. Many of the streams also are used by large numbers of people for fishing, boating, and swimming in spite of pollution which often makes swimming unsafe. Water supplies.—Of the 2,000 public water supplies in the basin, 634 serving more than 7,000,000 people are from surface sources. Many of these surface water supplies are from unpolluted streams or from impounding reservoirs which collect the run-off from relatively small rural areas but 294 supplies, including most of the larger ones, are from streams or reservoirs subject to some sewage pollution. These 164 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL supplies serve more than 5,800,000 people. Practically all of these supplies are filtered and chlorinated and a number of them are so highly polluted that special treatment has been found necessary in order to produce a satisfactory finished water. Even after careful and complete treatment, many of the supplies are unpalatable because of obnoxious tastes which cannot be completely removed by normal treatment processes. Table 1 shows the number of supplies and the population served and figure 9 shows the location and size of water supplies. Industrial water demands exceed in quantity the demands for the municipal supplies. Steel, chemical, textile and paper plants, dis- tilleries, and railroads are among the largest water users and although bacterial quality is seldom of great importance except in the prepara- tion of food products many of the industries require water of special and uniform chemical quality. Sources of Pollution SEWAGE About 940,000,000 gallons of sewage enter the streams of the Ohio Basin each day. About one-third is treated to reduce its objection- able characteristics and the remainder is discharged untreated. Data on sewerage and sewage treatment are shown in table 1. Figure 10 shows the location of the principal sources of organic wastes including both sewage and industrial wastes. Techniques for the removal or oxidation of the organic matter and for the destruction of bacteria in sewage are well developed and it is possible to achieve almost any desired degree of purity of the effluent from a sewage-treatment plant. The most common yardsticks for measuring the efficiency of treatment are removal of biochemical oxy- gen demand and suspended solids. The most common types of sewage-treatment plants remove from 35 to 90 percent of the bio- chemical oxygen demand. Their efficiency in bacterial removal is of the same order of magnitude. So-called “primary” treatment plants reduce the pollution load by about 35 percent on an average. “Secon- dary” or “complete” treatment plants usually reduce the pollution load by about 85 percent although there are a number of plants which average from 90 to 95 percent removal of biochemical oxygen demand. Other types of plants have efficiencies between those of ordinary pri- mary and secondary treatment. Bacterial removal can be increased most effectively and" economically by chlorination of the effluent from one of the above types of treatment plants. The cost of such dis- infection is relatively small as compared with other treatment costs. It is not necessary, nor would it be economically justified, to provide complete treatment for all sewage. The capacity of streams to purify themselves is a valuable and usable asset. The necessary de- gree of treatment depends on the self-purification capacity of the stream or streams involved and the necessary standard of water quality to avoid undue interference with normal water uses. The effects of industrial and mining wastes often play an important part in de- termining the necessary degree of treatment. In some instances the problem is one of primarily local interest and importance. In other instances large streams, large areas, or large numbers of people are involved and the problem assumes regional importance. FIG.-9 OHIO BASIN-WATER SUPPLIES LEGEND SURFACE WATER Stream -Impounded UNDERGROUND WATER QUANTITY Gallons per day Lass thon ZOQOOO 2OQ0OO - ipoqooo IPOQOOO - loyooopoo lopoqooo - 2qpoopoo ovsr - 2QD00,000 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1942 (Face p.164) No. 1 8P0-4J O-*00JS FIG.-10 OHIO BASIN SOURCES OF POLLUTION LEGEND Areas of Circles Proportional to Population Equiva lent to Wastes Before Treatment At Ditchorged Diameter Population Equivalent OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U.S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE IB42 (Face p.164) No. 2 GPO-43 0 -90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 165 Figure 11 show s the progress that has been made in sewage treat- ment in the Ohio Basin since 1900. Prior to that time only two cities in the basin, Canton and Alliance, Ohio, had sewage-treatment plants other than a septic tank. The years from 1900 to 1920 saw the in- vention or introduction of the principal treatment devices in common use today. The years since 1920 have witnessed vast improvements in details and an increasing trend toward mechanization of plants. Steady progress at an almost constant rate was made in the construc- tion of sewage-treatment works during the years prior to 1925. During the boom years in the latter part of the 1920’s the rate accel- erated but during the depression years from 1930 to 1934 such con- struction wras practically at a standstill. The effect of various Federal- aid programs is shown by the greatly accelerated progress during the years from 1935 to 1940. As much progress has been made during these 6 years as had been made prior to 1935. The cost of a suggested basin-wide program of sewrage treatment is shown in table 1. The following data show the approximate number of plants that would be in operation upon completion of such a program, their capacity, and cost: Primary Secondary Total Number of plants.__ . 650 700 1,350 1,385 $119,000,000 850 535 Cost i„: r - $61,000,000 $58,000,000 i These costs do not Include interceptors. These data indicate that the program is now about one-third complete. A continuation of the rate of progress made during the period 1935 to 1940 for 20 more years would be required to complete the suggested program. There are no technical or engineering reasons which wrould prevent completion of the presented program in 10 years or even less. In the few cases where research leading to the development of more efficient economical industrial waste-corrective measures has been indicated, 10 years should see substantial progress. There are legal and administrative barriers which tend to delay the program. The principal problem, however, is the financing of the program. Upon completion of the suggested program the need for construc- tion would be reduced but not entirely eliminated. Since the average life of treatment plants in the past has been about 20 years, many of the plants already built would need to be replaced and others would need major repairs or alterations. Eventually such work would probably cost about $6,000,000 per year. INDUSTRIAL WASTES Table 3 shows the number of plants of each of the principal types of industries discharging industrial wastes to the streams of the Ohio Basin and the estimated sewered population equivalent based on biochemical oxygen demand of the wastes from each type of industry. Although no single measure of pollution is applicable to all types of 'industrial wastes the biochemical oxygen demand is the most nearly satisfactory. Some industrial wastes contain chemicals wrhich are toxic to aquatic life, some increase the acidity, hardness, or OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Flq.-ll OHIO BASIN PROGRESS OF SEWAGE TREATMENT Total Number of Plants in Operation NUMBER OF PLANTS Capacity of Plants in Operation-M.G.D. CAPACITY OF PLANTS Capita! Cost of Plants in 0peraiion($1,000,000) GAPITAL COST OF PLANTS Primary Treatment Plants —Secondary Treatment Plant* OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U.S.PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1942 FIG-12 Fig.-12 OHIO RIVER BASIN SUGGESTED INDUSTRIAL WASTE CORRECTION Industrial Waste to Municipal Treatment Independent Industrial Waste Correction Meat Milk Independent Industrial Waste Correction Distillery Conning Independent Industriol Waste Correction Independent Industrial Waste Correction Independent Industrial Waste Correction Oil Steel Chemical Coke Miscellaneous NOTE! - Eaclusiveot plants where present corrective measures ore adequate OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1942 (Face p.166) GPO-43 0 • 90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 167 salinity of the streams, some cause tastes and odors in water supplies, some contain undesirable coloring matter. These characteristics require separate consideration in determining how and to what degree treatment of the wastes is needed. Table 3.—Ohio River Basin: Summary showing industrial wastes not discharging to municipal treatment plants, suggested industrial waste discharges to municipal treatment plants, and total of entire industrial waste load in the basin Industry • Number of plants Industrial waste disposal At least minor' corrective measures taken Estimated sewered population equivalent (biochemi- cal oxygen demand) Suggested to munici- pal treatment Munici- pal sewers Private outlets Number of plants Population equivalent (biochemi- cal oxygen demand) Brewing 38 35 3 27 264,300 37 263,800 Byproduct coke.. 23 2 21 17 745,200 2 24,300 Canning 218 52 166 160 758,900 64 310, 300 Chemical - 65 10 55 36 1,880,400 8 138,000 Distilling- 67 14 53 53 1,009,700 20 624,600 Meat 173 76 97 115 385,700 123 323,900 Milk 253 130 123 107 85,100 167 74,700 Oil refining 47 4 43 44 116, 500 2 15,100 Paper - 59 12 47 46 1,659,200 5 31,500 Steel 174 15 159 71 (2) 12 0 Tanning- 32 5 27 13 269,600 13 55,400 Textile 122 57 65 10 335,100 84 216,900 Miscellaneous 333 104 229 109 160,300 89 132, 500 Total 1,604 516 1,088 808 7,670,000 626 2, 211,000 Industrial wastes to Cin- cinnati sewers 3 1,108,400 1,108,400 Wastes discharged to mu- 1,195,900 Total for the basin 9,974,300 3,319,400 1 Industries occurring only once in'a basin are included under “Miscellaneous” in the basin summary but are under their proper classification in this table. 2 336,000 pounds free acid discharged daily in waste pickle liquor. s Industries not surveyed individually. Population equivalent based on comprehensive sewer gaging and sampling program of city. Reduction of industrial waste pollution is generally accomplished by one or more of the following methods: (1) Changes within the plant itself. This may involve reuse of all or part of the waste within the plant, development of byproducts, changes in plant processes, or merely greater care in plant operation to reduce the amount of material discharged as waste. (2) Treatment with municipal sewage. Many industrial wastes can be quite effectively treated in this way. It is often necessary to pretreat the wastes at the source or to segregate certain portions of the wastes within the plant and exclude these from the municipal sewers to prevent damage to sewerage structures or sewage treatment processes. (3) Treatment in a special industrial waste treatment plant. For many types of wastes, such plants employ essentially the same proc- esses as sewage-treatment plants. Other types of wastes require specially developed processes. Most of the plants use the principle of sedimentation for removal of settleable solids. The first method is usually the most economical and is the one generally applied. It is occasionally possible to completely eliminate pollution and to recover valuable byproducts by changes within the plant but this is not the usual situation. Ordinarily some pollution 168 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL remains and some expense is involved. The second method is the simp'est from the standpoint of the industry. It is also the most satisfactory from the standpoint of administration of pollution-abate- ment programs since it reduces the number of possible sources of pollution and concentrates responsibility for effective waste treat- ment. It is usually necessary to make special provisions in the design of a municipal sewage-treatment plant if an appreciable amount of industrial waste is to be treated. Subsequent changes in the industrial waste load sometimes cause difficulties. The third method is used when the first is insufficient and the second imprac- ticable. In those cases where removal of settleable solids is sufficient the problem is not difficult but satisfactory methods for the relatively complete removal of biochemical oxygen demand are available for only a few of the more common types of wastes such as those from breweries, meat plants, milk plants, and some types of canneries and distilleries. There is a pressing need for the development of more efficient and economical methods for relatively complete treatment of other types of wastes. More complete discussions of industrial wastes and their treatment are found in the Industrial Waste Guides included as a supplement to this report. Figure 12 shows the location of industrial plants of various types which will probably require individual remedial works and the location of industrial plants of all types which can probably be connected to existing or proposed municipal-treatment works. ACID MINE DRAINAGE The problem of acid mine drainage is one of the most pressing in the Ohio River Basin. Data relative to the discharge of the present acid load of 1,800,000 tons of mine acid per year are presented and discussed in a separate section of this report and in a more detailed supplement. Water Quality As a background for the presentation and discussion of extensive laboratory data, particularly in the individual summaries, a dis- cussion of water quality requirements for various uses has been pre- pared. This is followed by a discussion of present water quality which summarizes briefly the quality of stream water in the basin as a whole. More detailed discussion and either individual or monthly average results are given in the basin summaries. A detailed out- line of methods is presented in a supplement. WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS As a basis of comparing the sanitary conditions in streams of the Ohio River Basin from laboratory observations of their waters at various points, it is desirable to consider briefly the limiting char- acteristics of stream waters in general, when expressed in terms of laboratory data, which may serve to distinguish between suitable and unsuitable conditions for different water uses. Of the more common water uses in the Ohio Basin, the most im- portant one is public water supply, because a large proportion of the population resident in the basin is dependent on surface sources of OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 169 water for domestic and other essential uses. Secondary but also highly important is the growing use of natural waterways for recrea- tion, together with the continuing need for support of fish and other higher aquatic life in streams. This latter need, though it bears a definite relation to recreational use of streams, is of much broader and more fundamental significance, as it has a direct bearing on the ability of all natural watercourses to maintain their normal capacity for self-purification. Among other stream uses which are affected to some extent by sanitary conditions are those which have to do with industry, agri- culture, navigation and general community development. In a broad sense, industrial needs for water are fairly similar to those of domestic supply, except that in some instances they have special requirements, either more or less rigid. In the Ohio Basin, agri- cultural use of surface water is mainly concerned with stock raising, as a large majority of farms have their own private wells for domestic supply, and irrigation is not a general problem. Navigation is affected by acid pollution and resulting corrosiveness and hardness of stream waters for boiler use. It also is adversely affected by gross sewage pollution which may cause “nuisance’J and sludge banks. Community development is hampered, sometimes very materially, by poor sani- tary conditions in streams which not only may cause serious damage to riparian property values, but also may interfere with the provision of desirable water-front highways, parkways, public landings and industrial docking facilities. In order to systematize the discussion which follows, it will be convenient to consider the requirements for stream waters in terms of each separate characteristic as determined by the usual laboratory tests. In this connection, it is assumed that the methods of conduct- ing the laboratory tests would conform very strictly to those of the latest Standard Methods of the American Public Health Associ- ation, and the American Water Works Association, as noted elsewhere in this report. Coliform bacteria.—Bacteria of the coliform group are normal inhabitants of the intestinal tract of warm-blooded animals, including man, and are present in very high numbers in domestic sewage. As an index of sewage pollution, the number of coliform bacteria in a stream water is the most sensitive and reliable single determination available to the sanitarian. This number may be expressed in terms of the older “Phelps Index” or in terms of the more recent “most probable number”. The latter method of enumeration has been followed throughout the present report. Although the coliform bacteria number is used as an index of general sanitary conditions in natural bodies of water polluted by sewragc, its more important applications are in judging as to the sanitary fitness of water supplies and their sources and of bathing waters. In fiowdng streams, progressive changes in the density of coliform bacteria below sources of pollution afford a valuable indication of the extent and rapidity of self-purification, after making due allowance for the effects of intermediate pollution and dilution. In interpreting the results of stream observations, the location of wrater-supply intakes and bathing places with reference to sources of pollution is an important matter for consideration in connection with coliform data. 170 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Water Supply: Several years ago the Public Health Service con- ducted an exhaustive study 2 of the limiting densities of coliform bac- teria in river and lake waters subjected to various degrees of purifica- tion, having particular reference to the production of finished waters meeting the bacteriological requirements of the Public Health Services’ drinking water standards as promulgated in 1925/ The results of this study indicated that the average efficient water filtration plant, with postchlorination of the effluent included, can purify to the drinking water standards level a raw -water having an average number of coliform bacteria up to 50 per milliliter (or 5,000 per 100 milliliters). Assuming that a drinking water of standard quality from this stand- point were judged on the basis of monthly average results of coliform determinations, this would imply that the raw water as delivered for treatment should not contain more than 50 per milliliter of coliform bacteria, as an average, during any month, if the limit of safe loading were not to be exceeded. This limit has been adopted by a number of States as a criterion in judging as to the fitness of sources of water supply subjected to ordinary filtration treatment for public use. Parallel studies indicate that the change from the Phelps Index to the most probable numbers has little effect on the conclusions of the original studies. From the same study as above noted, two other coliform bacteria limits were determined which are of interest in this discussion. One was the upper limit of average coliform density, amounting to about 0.5 per milliliter (or 50 per 100 milliliters) which would permit the production of an effluent of standard quality by simple chlorination alone. The second was the observation that when the ordinary filtration plant is reinforced by continuous prechlorination of the raw water in addition to postchlorination, the permissible maximum limit of coli- form density in the raw water may be increased to about 200 per milli- liter for 20,000 per 100 milliliters). In this latter case, however, it was observed that raw waters showing monthly average coliform densities ranging from 50 to 200 per milliliter are in general unsatisfactory as sources of purified water supplies as they are likely to exceed coliform densities of 200 with a frequency ranging from over 5 to 20 percent of the time and thus overburden even a reinforced filtration plant for a correspondingly high proportion of the time. With raw waters polluted to this extent, moreover, difficulties of delivering palatable as well as safe effluents are increased, because of the presence of taste- producing substances originating both in sewage and in certain industrial wastes. These waters must be considered, therefore, as being of doubtful fitness as sources of water supply. From these considerations the following general rules may be stated as to the fitness of stream waters as sources of public water supply, when related to their average coliform bacteria number during any month: 2 Public Health Bulletins Nos. 172 and 193; Public Health Reports, Reprints Nos. 1114, 1170, 1392, 1434, and 1565. IT. S. Public Health Service, Washington, D. C. 3 Public Health Reports, April 10, 1925, pp. 699-721, (Reprint No. 1029). OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 171 Limiting average monthly coli- form number per milliliter Relative fitness 0 to 0.5 For purification by simple chlorination. For purification by filtration and postchlorination. Doubtful—unfit for ordinary filtration treatment (unsuita than 5 percent of samples). Unfit for treatment. 0.5 to 50 50 to 200 Over 200 ble if greater than 200 in more Bathing waters: Existing standards of quality for natural bathing waters, as distinguished from artificial pools, are highly variable among the different States and appear to be governed more by expediency than by any well-established observational data. The most reliable data bearing on the relation between observed quality of bathing waters and sanitary conditions affecting such waters as determined by physical surveys have come from Connecticut, where two studies of this kind have been made. Winslow and Moxon,4 as the result of their study of bathing beaches near New Haven, recommended a standard providing an average coliform number not over 1 per milliliter and a maximum number not over 10. Scott,5 on the basis of a survey of beaches along the Connecticut shore of Long Island Sound, set up four classes of bathing waters, based on coliform numbers. The best class, A, showed average numbers from 0 to 0.5 per milliliter. This class Scott considered as definitely good; classes B and C, rated as doubtful, showed ranges of 0.51-5 and 5-10, respectively. Class D, judged as very poor, gave average numbers over 10. The Tri-State Pollution Commission has adopted Scott’s class A as the basis of requirements for natural bathing waters in the New York area. From the evidence above cited, it would appear that the highest standard thus far proposed as the result of actual laboratory and sanitaiy surveys would conform to Scott’s class A, though the Winslow- Moxon criterion, which also is based on good observational data, is nearly as high in its average requirements. For inland streams, the Winslow-Moxon standard might appear more reasonable, as it permits a degree of variability which is inherent in all stream waters. Bearing in mind that the most probable number method of coliform enumera- tion tends to give somewhat higher results than does the Phelps index method, the Winslow-Moxon criterion, based on most probable numbers, would be sufficiently rigid to be comparable to Scott’s class A requirement when expressed in terms of the Phelps index. This requirement would appear to be a reasonably safe one for bathing waters in the Ohio River Basin. Dissolved oxygen.—In unpolluted streams, the dissolved oxygen con- tent tends to remain at or very near the saturation level. In polluted streams, it is depressed temporarily below points at which wastes are discharged into the stream, but tends to move gradually upward toward the saturation level along the familiar oxygen sag curve. The depth of the oxygen depression below saturation at the prevailing stream temperature is an index of the intensity of pollution in that particular stream zone. In streams only slightly or moderately 4 Bacterial Pollution of Bathing Beach Waters in New Haven Harbor. C-E. A. Winslow and D. Moxon. American Journal of Hygiene, 8, 3, 299-310, May 1928. 4 American Public Health Association. Reports of Joint Committee on Bathing Places. 172 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL polluted, the dissolved oxygen content usually remains above a level of 70 to 80 percent saturation. In grossly polluted streams it may reach zero saturation or total depletion, and remain thus throughout stretches of considerable length, particularly in summer low flows where underlying sludge deposits exist. Between these two extremely divergent oxygen levels are numerous intermediate ones, indicating various gradations of pollution between moderate and gross. The minimum oxygen requirements for streams are, in general, dependent on the particular uses to which they are devoted, though 2 or 3 parts per million of oxygen in a stream usually marks the extreme minimum level. Septic conditions and general “nuisance” follow inevitably the continuance of oxygen levels at or near the zero point. For maintenance of native fish life Ellis 6 states, from studies by the Bureau of Fisheries, that an oxygen minimum of 5 parts per million is necessary. Although many fish of the more hardy varieties will survive at oxygen levels of 4 or even 3 parts per million, he shows that the metabolic processes of most common fish are hampered at levels below 5 parts per million and points out that the mere survival or tolerance level is too low to permit the breeding and self-maintenance of the desirable forms of native fish. Ellis’ conclusions have been confirmed fully by the biological obser- vations made in connection with the present Ohio River Pollution Survey.7 These observations, as described in a supplement of the present report, have indicated that in regions of heavy pollution, with dissolved oxygen below 3 parts per million, fish are mostly absent, with occasional carp, buffalo, and sunfish. In zones of inter- mediate pollution, with dissolved oxygen, 3 to 5 parts per million, fish are more abundant, but “showing a tendency to sickness, deform- ity, and parasitization.” In fertile zones, with dissolved oxygen not below 5 parts per million, it has been observed that “fish are varied, plentiful, and healthy,” with large numbers of market fish present. In game fish zones, where oxygen is always above 5 parts per million, and usually near saturation, the presence of bass, perches, pike, and forage fish has been noted. The striking agreement thus shown between the findings of the present survey and those of Ellis from his previous survey would seem to leave no room for doubt as to the validity of the conclusion reached by both observers concerning the desirability of a 5 parts per million oxygen minimum in stream zones where the proper maintenance of native fish life is an important consideration. On the basis of stream uses and conditions, the following summary may be given of the oxygen status of streams, from present evidence: Minimum daily aver- age dissolved oxygen, parts per million Stream conditions 0 to 3 Heavy pollution, probable nuisance at times, little fish life. Moderate to heavy pollution, no nuisance, fish life restricted to coarse species. Slight to moderate pollution, fish life varied, abundant, and healthy, game fish at higher minimum levels. 3 to 5 * Detection and Measurement of Stream Pollution. M. M. Ellis, Bull. 22, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 1937, 7 Ohio River Pollution Survey; Report of Biological Studies. Supplement F to this report. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 173 In general, tlie minimum oxygen ranges above given might be con- sidered as minimum daily averages. When expressed in terms of averages for periods of several days up to a month, it would be desirable to add about 1.5 to 2 parts per million to each daily minimum figure in order to safeguard against daily variations below the period average. Figure 12a, page 174, shows the relationship between monthly average and minimum daily dissolved oxygen results based on the results of 7,500 samples collected during the present and previous surveys of the Ohio River and its tributaries. In order to assure the maintenance of a 5 parts per million daily minimum, a period average up to a month would be set at a minimum of 6.5 or 7 parts per million. A possible question might be raised as to whether it may be neces- sary or even desirable to maintain a 5 parts per million oxygen mini- mum m all parts of a stream, including limited zones immediately belo v sources of pollution. It may be argued with some reason that it is not essential to the general support of fish life in streams to main- tain such life unimpaired at all points, so long as the minimum dis- solved oxygen does not fall below limits of tolerance for fishes, per- mitting them to pass th ough certain zones in order to reach their normal breeding places. Where sources of pollution are isolated and well separated by zones of active stream recovery, it is quite possible that an oxygen minimum of 4 parts per million in limited zones immediately below each source of pollution would be permissible. Where these sources are not isolated but are located so closely together that recovery is not possible within a reasonable distance, a definite hazard to fish life then may exist, even if a 4 parts per million mini- mum is maintained, in preventing the free movement of fish from one recovery zone to another. In general, it may be said that a 5 parts per million minimum is desirable, except where local conditions may be favorable to allowing a 4 parts per million minimum in limited zones immediately below fairly isolated sources of pollution. Biochemical oxygen demand.—In connection with the present sur- vey, a marked degree of correlation has been shown between the observed 5-day biochemical oxygen demand of stream waters at points immediately below sources of pollution and known densities of pollu- tion at these points. A similar correlation has been shown between the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand and the numbers of coliform bacteria as observed at the same sampling points. In view of these relationships, an effort has been made to ascertain, from a study of the laboratory data, the approximate ranges of biochemical oxygen demand which may serve to distinguish between stream waters of various degrees of pollution, such as heavy, moderate, and slight. A source of difficulty in this connection lies in the considerable variabil- ity with which natural purification appears to affect the observed bio- chemical oxygen demand in streams of different sizes. In small and shallow streams, observed biochemical oxygen demand tends to dimin- ish very rapidly under low-flow conditions, partly because of sedi- mentation, but also probably because of conditions favorable to rapid oxidation by growths of bacterial flora resembling activated sludge, attached to the sides and bottom of the channel. In larger streams, this effect is generally less marked, possibly because of the lesser effect of these bacterial growths. In general, it has been observed that stream waters in the Ohio River Basin only slightly or very moderately polluted tend to show 174 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Fig.-12a. Minimum Doily Dissolved Oxygen p.p.m. Monthly Averoge Dissolved Oxygen p.p.m. iu to - < H W X « 25°< J- z < <2 E .? w Q G H 5 3 c I- 2 UJ — UJ 5 tt; Q ffl 5 Z _ £ Z $ X < z 5 _J < ° u oc DATA FROM: Ohio River Pollution Survey 1939-1941 Scioto River Investigation 1937-1939 Ohio River Survey 1914-1915 €15 Station Months with obout 7500 Samples ‘ Lines enveloping/ 50 %of Results/] OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U.S.PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1942 Averoge LEGEND OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 175 day biochemical oxygen demand values averaging less than 3 parts >er million, with relatively low numbers of coliform bacteria and dis- olved oxygen contents ranging above 5 or 6 parts per million. In mod- rately polluted streams the biochemical oxygen demand may range bm 3 to 5 parts per million, with correspondingly higher coliform umbers and somewhat lower dissolved oxygen levels, though in the \tter case exceptions may occur when the observations are made at fints very close to sources of pollution, where the full effect of the »xygen sag curve has not yet become manifest. The gradations in biochemical oxygen demand may, therefore, be ummarized about as follows: faximum monthly average 5-day bio- xemical oxygen de- Stream conditions il md, parts per mil- ' Ion „ j 3 Slight to moderate pollution. Moderate to moderately heavy pollution. to 5 'ver5--- Heavy pollution. A complicating element in interpreting the results of biochemical xygen demand tests is found in acid streams receiving mine wastes. Jnder these conditions little, if any, direct correlation exists between ie observed biochemical oxygen demand and the density of pollution. Sludge deposits.—Organic sludge deposits may be formed in streams s the result of discharging raw sewage and certain types of industrial qstes. Where present, they tend to impose an added burden on the xygen resources of a stream and also to exert a very damaging effect n fish life. When present in large amounts, sludge deposits may dng about septic conditions, with a consequent breaking down of ie self-purification capacity of the stream and depletion of the dis- lved oxygen supply in the overlying water. Loss of fish life is due -'suffocation from oxygen depletion, to toxic effects of heavy pollu- vn, and to interference by sludge deposits with the spawning process, i which depends the normal reproduction of fish. An additional ect of extensive sludge deposits is the presence of floating solids and ten obnoxious odors resulting from anaerobic decomposition of the posits. From these considerations, it is evident that the maintenance of sirable stream conditions necessitates the practical absence of or- ‘jic sludge deposits originating in sewage and certain types of indus- .jd wastes. Where these deposits are localized, small in extent, and ?ject to frequent removal by the flushing action of increased stream >ws, their effects on a stream may not be very far-reaching. Never- ficss, they are always a detriment and should be eliminated so far possible from streams in which it is desired to maintain healthy iditions. •i'Alkalinity, acidity, and hydrogen ion concentration.—The normal salinity of streams in the Ohio River Basin varies widely, even tere uncomplicated by acidity from mining and steel-mill wastes. 4 the Ohio River proper and its major tributaries at their mouths, A alkalinity tends to range from about 30 to 200 parts per million, Spending on the geological character of the watershed, and particu- •ly the jxtent of limestone formations. In a very few streams near Ahead waters of some tributaries, normal alkalinities as low as 20, Pourts oer million, or even lower, have been recorded. Ordinarily, ftWi -44—pt. 2 3 176 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL the alkalinity tends to range above 30 or 40 parts per million over- large portion of the basin. Acidity in Ohio River streams is due to the effect of mine waste* and, in some local areas, of steel-mill wastes, though the former con stitute by lar the larger sources of acid pollution. The pH valut range accordingly from as low as 2.0 or 3.0 in highly acid streams t. as high as 8.0 or more in highly alkaline streams. In general, it is desirable to have not less than 15 or 20 parts pi million of natural alkalinity in stream waters used as sources of water supply, owing to the absorption of alkalinity by coagulants most commonly used in water purification. Acid waters can be treated by adding alkalinity in the forms of lime or soda ash, but the expens of treatment is increased accordingly, and their permanent or scale- forming hardness is also increased. Where acidity is highly variable difficulties occur in water treatment because rapid changes in tin acidity, if not promptly corrected, may result immediately in in proper coagulation, or even in nullifying it completely. According to Ellis’ findings, the water of flowing streams tends tc range from pH 6.7 to pH 8.6, where unpolluted by municipal t industrial wastes. When more acid than pH 6.7, or more alkalim than pH 8.6, as the result of pollution, he states that the buffer am carbonate systems are usually so disturbed that conditions harmfu to fish are generally found. This natural range is, therefore, tb most desirable one for maintenance of healthy fish life in streams Ellis states further that pH 4.0 or less is definitely lethal to all fish He points out, however, that in determining the lethality of ac; wastes, the specific acid involved must be considered, as “acid wastes do not kill merely because of a particular degree of acidity.” Re viewing all of the data on acid wastes, he states that the truly ac' effects must be limited to those acids which kill at pH values less tha 5.0, whereas in the case of acids killing at pH values more than 5J lethality factors other than hydrogen ion concentration play t major part. From these considerations, it would appear that pH 5.0 marks tl lowest safe minimum value for maintenance of normal fish life streams, when expressed without reference to the particular kind acidity involved. As an upper limit of alkalinity, that which co responds to pH 9.5 may be regarded as the maximum tolerable valu The following summary of variation limits, expressed in terms of t’ pH value, may be useful in this connection: Average daily pH values Stream conditions 6.5 to 8.6 Normal for unpolluted streams, favorable to fish life, suitable for water supplies. Moderate acid pollution, tolerable to fish life, suitable for water supplies prioi treatment. Moderately heavy acid pollution, detrimental to fish life, fairly suitable for we supplies prior to treatment. Heavy acid pollution, lethal to fish life, unfavorable for water supplies pric treatment. 5.5 to 6.5 4.0 to 5.5 ... Less than 4.0 Table 4, page 177, presents a condensed summary of the limiti characteristics of stream waters considered, respectively, as “a sir able,” “doubtful” and “unsuitable” from the standpoint of col bined water uses. For water supplies, the requirements in respe* to coliform bacteria, pH, and phenols are of more importance. F* fish-life maintenance, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen deman pH values, and sludge deposits are especially significant. - OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 177 Table 4.—Ohio Basin: Water quality requirements—Summary of limiting quality requirements for strea .. waters with principal stream uses and conditions involved in each category [These values should not be arbitrarily applied to streams other than those of the Ohio River Basin as each stream should be reviewed in the light of its own peculiar biological characteristics] Desirable Doubtful Unsuitable WATER SUPPLY-GENERAL SANITARY CONDITIONS Coliform bacteria per milliliter.. Average Not over 50 in any month, (filtration treatment re- quired if over 0.5). BATHING—RECREATION 50-200 in any month (unsuitable if greater than 200 in more than 5 per- cent of samples). Over 200 in any month. Coliform bacteria per milliliter.. fAverage. ... Not over 1.0.. 1.0-10.0 Over 10.0. \ Maximum.. Not over 10.0. FISH LIFE—RECREATION—GENERAL SANITARY CONDITIONS Dissolved oxygen parts per mil- lion. fAverage. .. Not less than 6.5 in any month.. . ... . Less than 5.0 in any month.1 Less than 3.0 on any day. (Minimum.__ Not less than 5.0 on any day GENERAL SANITARY CONDITIONS—RECREATION 5-day biochemical oxygen de- Average Not over 3.0 in any month . 3.0-5.0 in any month Over 5.0 in any month. Less than 4.0 or over 9.5.> Unfavorable for water supply prior to treatment. mand parts per million. pH WATER SUPPLY—FISH LIFE—RECREATION—NAVIGA- TION-INDUSTRY 6.5-8.6 -- (4 0-6 5 or 8 6 to 9 5 2 FISH LIFE—RECREATION—GENERAL SANITARY CONDITIONS | Suitable for water supply prior to l treatment. Moderate to heavy—general. Over 10. Toxic substances, oils, or tars present at any time; free acidity present fre- quently; taste-producing substances present frequently. Phenols, parts per billion . ... WATER SUPPLY 1-10 WATER SUPPLY—RECREATION—FISH LIFE No toxic substances, oils, tars, or free acid at any time; no floating solids or debris, except from natural sources; no taste-producing substances. Free acidity at any time, chlorides over 250 parts per million; occasional taste-producing substances. 1 In general, it may be said that a 5 parts per million minimum is desirable, except where local conditions may be favorable to allowing a 4 parts per million minimum in limited zones immediately below fairly isolated sources of pollution. See discussion, p. 173. 2 U. S. Public Health Service drinking water standards permit pH 10.6 in “treated” water. 178 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Discussion.—According to the evidence at hand the water character- istics designated as “desirable” and “unsuitable” in the summary table appear to fall quite definitely into these two opposite categories. The intermediate or “doubtful” group defines characteristics which may be tolerable but undesirable, or may approach unsuitability, according to their relative position in the ranges given. No hard and fast line may be drawn for this “doubtful” group, but some degree of flexibility in judgment must be exercised in individual cases. The requirements set forth in these three categories have not been intended to constitute a formal classification of stream waters in the Ohio River Basin, so far as the present report is concerned. It is fairly evident, however, that the mere endeavor to define stream characteristics in terms of their relative suitability for various water uses involves, in effect, the principle of classification, whether or not this term be used in this connection. It also involves the idea of stream standards, which form an essential part of any system of stream classification. The application of the tentative limiting requirements for stream water quality, as set forth in this chapter, to the estimation of cor- rective measures for pollution in any given stream zone, would involve four steps as follows: (1) Determination of essential or desirable stream uses in the particular zone concerned. (2) Fixing of necessary requirements for stream water quality in the zone, based on “essential” or “desirable” uses as defined under (1). (3) Determination of existing stream conditions in the zone, based primarily on systematic laboratory observations above and below known sources of pollution and at other significant points. (4) Estimation of necessary corrective measures for pollution loading at specific points, in order to meet essential or desirable stream-quality requirements, on the basis of existing stream condi- tions and known pollution loadings at such points. > In interpreting the results of laboratory observations, due account should be taken of flow and seasonal conditions prevailing during the periods of the observations, with special reference to those conditions which might be considered as critical for the particular water uses involved. If the results observed at any time were definitely bad or unfavorable, such a finding would be significant regardless of whether or not the flow conditions were at a “critical” level. If the results at such a time were favorable and stream conditions were not at the “critical” level, then the possibility of unfavorable findings under conditions approaching more closely the critical point would have to be considered. In this connection, it should be pointed out that “critical” stream conditions would vary to some extent according to the particular water use involved. Where recreational use, main- tenance of fish life, or prevention of “nuisance” is concerned, critical stream conditions usually coincide with those of extremely low water in the mid or late summer. For water supplies, the more critical conditions often occur following major rises in streams during the winter or spring months, when the effects of sewage pollution and of scoured sludge deposits at downstream points are at a maximum. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 179 As a means of indicating the effect of existing pollution in the basin on the sanitary quality of the \cater, the laboratory results have been grouped on the basis of concentration of coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand as outlined in the section on wTater quality requirements. Table 5 summarizes the results of coliform organism and biochemical oxygen demand tests. The table shows the number of stations in each basin at which the worst monthly average results were within various ranges. PRESENT WATER QUALITY Table 5.—Ohio Basin: Number and percentage of sampling stations showing worst monthly average coliform and biochemical oxygen demand results within designated ranges Number of stations Percentage of stations Basin Coliform organ- isms per milliliter Biochemical oxygen demand in parts per million Coliform organ- isms per milliliter Biochemical oxygen demand in parts per million 0-50 51- 200 Over 200 0-3 3.1- 5.0 Over 5 0-50 51- 200 Over 200 0-3 3.1- 5.0 Over 5 Allegheny: Acid streams— 73 4 2 59 16 4 92 5 3 75 20 5 Normal streams 91 30 38 121 15 23 57 19 24 76 9 15 Total - 164 34 40 180 31 27 69 14 17 76 13 11 Monongahela: Acid streams— 48 7 10 45 2 18 74 11 15 69 3 28 Normal streams— 29 20 44 70 6 17 31 22 47 75 7 18 Total 77 27 54 115 8 35 49 17 34 73 5 22 Muskingum: Acid streams... 2 2 1 5 0 0 40 40 20 100 0 0 Normal streams 33 33 42 86 9 13 31 31 38 80 8 12 Total 35 35 43 91 9 13 31 31 38 80 8 12 Hocking: Acid streams... 5 1 3 4 3 2 56 11 33 45 33 22 Normal streams... 6 3 9 6 3 9 33 17 50 33 17 50 Total 11 4 12 10 6 11 41 15 44 37 22 41 Kanawha: Acid streams.. 6 1 1 6 1 1 75 12 13 75 12 13 Normal streams 74 26 42 106 16 20 52 18 30 75 11 14 Total 80 27 43 112 17 21 53 18 28 75 11 14 Beaver... - 21 15 29 35 13 17 32 23 45 54 20 26 Little Kanawha 0 5 5 7 1 2 0 50 50 70 10 2C Quyandot - 1 16 5 7 17 6 5 57 18 25 61 21 18 Big Sandy 33 18 37 64 10 14 38 20 42 73 11 ie Scioto 32 15 38 37 17 30 38 17 45 44 20 3( Little Miami 5 2 28 6 11 18 14 6 80 17 31 52 Licking 24 7 3 19 13 12 71 21 8 43 30 27 Miami.. 12 18 37 21 29 29 18 27 55 26 37 37 Kentucky. — 32 20 29 52 11 18 39 25 36 64 14 22 Salt— - 12 4 9 9 6 10 48 16 36 36 24 4C Green 31 1 14 36 0 10 67 2 31 78 0 22 Wabash. 102 46 122 94 62 114 38 17 45 35 23 42 Cumberland- - 45 27 39 73 19 18 41 24 35 66 17 17 Tennessee 55 33 61 97 17 36 37 22 41 65 11 24 Tributary totals 787 343 650 1,075 286 440 44 19 37 60 16 24 Ohio River and minor tributaries: Pittsburgh-Huntington 23 43 36 72 /7 23 23 42 35 70 7 23 Huntington-Cincinnati 6 8 14 21 4 3 22 28 50 75 14 1] Cincinnati-Louisville 4 9 20 10 14 9 12 27 61 30 43 27 Lousiville-Mouth 31 20 23 47 11 14 42 27 31 66 15 19 Ohio River total.. 64 80 93 150 36 49 27 34 39 64 15 21 180 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL In general, the largest number and highest percentage of stations falling within the lowest range of coliform densities (0 to 50 per milliliter) and biochemical oxygen demand concentrations (0 to 3 parts per million) indicate the better sanitary quality of the waters of the basin subdivision. Conversely, the largest number of stations and highest percentages of the stations falling in the higher ranges of coliform density (over 200 per milliliter) and biochemical-oxygen- demand concentration (over 5 parts per million) indicate more highly polluted conditions of the waters of the basin and less desirable water for domestic supply and other customary uses. The tabulations of coliform organisms show clearly the effects of acidity in the tendency for higher percentages of the stations in acid streams to show coliform numbers in the lower density range as contrasted with the corresponding percentages for the normal alkaline streams. On figures 13 to 15 the average analytical results for the entire basin have been grouped to show graphically areas of comparable sanitary quality of the streams as indicated by the particular determination used as the index. Colijorm bacteria.—Figure 13, based on the determination of coliform bacteria, shows, by the heavier shading, areas in which the highest monthly average numbers of coliform bacteria exceeded 200 per milliliter. Lighter shaded portions show areas in which the highest monthly average number of coliform organisms was between 200 and 50 per milliliter and the unshaded areas show, in general, areas with coliforms less than 50 per milliliter. In general, 50 coliform organisms per milliliter represent the desirable upper limit of bacterial concentration for sources of water supplies. In all areas except those included within portions of the Allegheny and Monongahela Basins, affected by acid mine drainage, the lightly shaded areas indicate stream zones in which good sanitary conditions were found, resulting largely from a relatively low degree of pollution. Except in the Muskingum, Green, and Wabash Basins, these areas are located mostly near the outer edges of each tributary basin in their headwater sections. They include several areas in which recreational use of streams either is being practiced or readily can be developed, notably in the southern portions of the basin. They also include areas offering either actual or potentially desirable sources of water supply. Areas in which the highest average numbers of coliform organisms exceeded 200 per milliliter include the larger sources of pollution and numerous local zones of smaller streams affected by the discharge of untreated sewage. The effects of industrial wastes probably are not shown to any considerable extent on this diagram, as the coliform bacteria is definitely specific as an index of sewage pollution. It is noteworthy, however, that the general locations and extent of these areas reflect to some degree the effects of combined sewage and indus- trial pollution, as the larger sources of sewage tend to coincide with those of industrial wastes. Biochemical oxygen demand.—On figure 14 the basin has been divided into areas on the basis of biochemical oxygen demand, the darkest shading representing average amounts of the biochemical oxygen demand exceeding 5 parts per million, the next heaviest areas those in which the average ranged from 3 to 5 parts per million, and the NO BASIN NO. BASIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 >S ALLEGHENY MONONGAHELA BEAVER MUSKINGUM LITTLE KANAWHA HOCKING KANAWHA GUYANOOT BIG SANDY SCIOTO LITTLE MIAMI LICKING MIAMI KENTUCKY SALT 16 17 IB 19 GREEN WABASH CUMBERLAND TENNESSEE NO. OHIO MAIN STREAM 'ANDMINOR TRIB, 20 21 22 23 PITTSBURGH TO HUNTINGTON HUNTINGTON TO CINCINNATI CINCINNATI TO LOUISVILLE LOUISVILLE TO mouth Fig.-13 C OLI FORM (M.P.N.) per ml. Below 5 0 50 to 200 Over 200 pH less than 4.0 Fi g.-i3 OHIO BASIN COLIFORM RESULTS* OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE I (Pace p.180) No. 1 GPO-43 0-90035 Fi g. -14 NO 9ASIN NO. BASIN 1 ALLEGHENY 16 GREEN 2 MONONGAHELA 17 WABASH 3 BEAVER 18 CUMBERLAND 4 5 MUSKINGUM LITTLE KANAWHA 19 TENNESSEE 6 HOCKING NO OHIO MAIN STREAM- 7 KANAWHA 'ANDMINOR TRlB, 8 GUYANOOT 20 PITTSBURGH TO 9 BIG SANDY HUNTINGTON 10 SCIOTO 21 HUNTINGTON TO II LITTLE MIAMI CINCINNATI 12 LICKING 22 CINCINNATI TO 13 MIAMI LOUISVILLE 14 KENTUCKY 23 LOUISVILLE TO 15 SALT MOUTH LEGEND 5 Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand in parts per million Under 3.0 3.0 fo 5.0 Over 5.0 Fig.- 14 OHIO BASIN BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND RESULTS , OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVET US PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 (Face p.180) No. 2 8PO- 43 0 - 90035 NO 9ASIN NO. BASIN 1 ALLEGHENY 16 GREEN 2 MONONGAHELA 17 WABASH 3 BEAVER 18 CUMBERLAND 4 5 MUSKINGUM LITTLE KANAWHA 19 TENNESSEE 6 HOCKING NO OHIO MAIN STREAM 7 KANAWHA *ANDMINOR TRIB, 8 GUYANDOT 20 PITTSBURGH TO 9 BIG SANDY HUNTINGTON 10 SCIOTO 21 HUNTINGTON TO I 1 LITTLE MIAMI CINCINNATI i2 LICKING 22 CINCINNATI TO 13 MIAMI LOUISVILLE 14 KENTUCKY 23 LOUISVILLE TO 15 SALT MOUTH Fig-15 LEGEND Dissolved Oxygen Results in ports per million Fi g.-l5 OHIO BASIN DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS/; OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEYI US PUtLIC HEALTH SERVICE I (Face p.180) No. 3 GPO- 43 0 -90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 181 unshaded areas representing points where the highest average bio- chemical oxygen demand observed was less than 3 parts per million. In general, the heavily shaded areas showing biochemical oxygen demand results in excess of 3 parts per million tend to coincide fairly closely with those in figure 13 showing coliform organisms over 200 per milliliter, though they are somewhat more restricted in their extent in some portions of the map. As the biochemical oxygen de- mand of stream waters is affected both by sewage and by certain types of industrial wastes of an organic nature, the areas indicated in figure 14 probably show most reliably the stream zones in which the effects of combined sewage and industrial pollution are most apparent. The heaviest shaded areas denote those in which the worst conditions were observed and, in general, indicate the zones of relatively high degrees of pollution. Areas in which the average biochemical oxygen demand was not greater than 3 parts per million tend to coincide with those of figure 13, though some minor differences are indicated. In general, they represent stream zones in which sanitary conditions are good and, except for acid pollution in certain limited sections, are relatively free of objectionable pollution pre- cluding their use for normal purposes. The fair agreement between these areas tends to confirm the tentative conclusion that stream waters in good sanitary condition should ordinarily show an average biochemical oxygen demand not over 3 parts per million. Dissolved oxygen.—Figure 15 presents the dissolved-oxygen results divided into areas in which the lowest average content of the streams was not less than 6.5 parts per million, between 5 and 6.5, between 3 and 5 parts per million, and less than 3 parts per million, the latter being indicated by the heavier shading. An average of 6.5 parts per million, assuming a 5 parts per million minimum on any 1 day, has been suggested as a" safe minimum average for the maintenance of native fish life. The greater extent of these areas as compared with the others of this figure probably is due in part to the fact that a considerable number of dissolved-oxygen observations were made during the colder months, when organic decomposition in the stream was retarded and dissolved-oxygen levels were higher than they would be expected to be under summer conditions. Because of this, figure 15 probably shows a more optimistic picture in this respect than would be justified by observations carried out over the entire basin under summer low-water conditions. Although the heavily shaded areas are less in extent than those on figure 14, probably owing to the limitations in the proportion of sum- pier observations previously noted, they tend to coincide with, or to be included within, the areas of relatively high biochemical oxygen demand results, thus confining within their limitations the locations of the more densely polluted streams in the basin. Low-Flow Regulation The stream flows of the Ohio Basin vary greatly. The minimum flow of the Ohio River at its mouth is about 8 percent of the average flow and on most of the tributaries the variations are much greater. Since the amount of water available for dilution of wastes is one of the most important factors influencing the degree of pollution, any measures which increase the minimum flow of the streams also aid in 182 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL abating pollution. Reservoirs for the storage and regulated release of natural stream waters offer the only generally practical means of low-flow regulation in this area. Untreated municipal sewage may cause nuisance conditions even though the flow of the receiving stream is quite large because of floating solids, scum, grease, and the settling and subsequent decom- position of part of the suspended matter with accompanying odors. Hence, low-flow regulation is not a substitute for sewage treatment but an effective supplement which can be used to eliminate the need for more than primary treatment and to improve stream quality where satisfactory complete treatment methods are not available at present. Where reservoirs expressly for low-flow regulations are proposed to replace secondary treatment, their value can be determined by the cost of the treatment eliminated. Studies of low-flow requirements and sewage treatment cost data indicate that reservoir storage ca- pacity must be provided for not more than $15 per acre-foot if the substitution of low-flow control is to be economically justified. Experience in the Ohio Basin indicates that reservoir capacity seldom can be provided for this amount, particularly in the relatively small amounts usually required for pollution abatement. Therefore, as a general rule, low-flow regulation does not afford an economical sub- stitute for secondary waste treatment. If more than one source of pollution is benefited appreciably by the flow regulation, the justifiable expenditure may be increased. Thus, if by the construction of a reservoir for flow regulation, the need for secondary treatment at two, three, or more downstream places can be eliminated the allowable expenditure for storage may be increased proportionately. Low-flow regulation can be used to reduce the maximum acidity of streams affected by acid mine drainage. It would not affect the total acid load but could reduce the damage done by acid streams. Studies of the comparative cost of mine sealing and flow regulation indicate that the allowable expenditure for storage to replace mine sealing is from about $0.50 to $2.25 per acre-foot depending on the alkalinity of the stored water.8 Consequently, low-flow regulation cannot eco- nomically be substituted for mine sealing but it can effectively supple- ment it in many instances, particularly in reducing acid surges after the mine sealing program is completed. Low-flow regulation may also afford an effective means of reducing organic pollution by industrial wastes which cannot at present be adequately controlled by treatment at reasonable cost. The economic feasibility of such control cannot be discussed in general terms. In addition to its value for abatement of pollution low-flow regula- tion may be used to insure the adequacy of municipal and industrial water supplies, to improve the navigability of streams and to enhance their recreational value, and to increase the production of hydro- electric plants. Most of the reservoirs that have been constructed for low-flow regulation have been built primarily for one or more of these purposes rather than for pollution abatement. It is apparent from these data that, in general, low-flow regulation by reservoirs built expressly for pollution abatement is not economi- cally justified, although it may be in some cases. However, if the * Alkalinity assumed to vary from 10 to 40 parts per million. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 183 supplemental low flow can be provided incidental to some other major reservoir use in a multiple-purpose reservoir, the cost of the addi- tional flow may be small enough to warrant inclusion of provisions for low-flow regulation in the reservoir plan. The major purposes for which reservoirs are being built or proposed in the Ohio Basin are flood control and power. Flood-control reservoirs ordinarily remain empty or nearly so until a flood threatens and are emptied as quickly as practicable after danger has passed in order to make the storage capacity available for the next flood. Studies by the United States Engineer Depart- ment of the seasonal occurrence of Ohio River floods show that major floods occur during the late winter and early spring. The following table indicates the monthly distribution of damage from Ohio River floods at Pittsburgh. Table 6.—Monthly distribution of damage from Ohio River floods at Pittsburgh, Pa. Month Average flood dam- age as per- cent of damage in maximum month Month Average flood dam- age as per- cent of damage in maximum month 22 July 1 32 1 100 6 12 1 2 2 2 3 The markedly seasonal character of Ohio River floods and the equally seasonal character of low-flow occurrences suggest the possi- bility of using a portion of the capacity of the flood-control reservoirs after the end of the flood season for storage of water to be released during the late summer and early fall months when stream flow is usually lowest. The United States Engineer Department has investi- gated the practicability of such operations and found that at many of the proposed and existing flood-control reservoirs in the Ohio Basin as much as one-third of the flood-storage capacity can be used for low-flow regulation from April 15 to December 1 without appreciably reducing the degree of flood protection. In reservoirs whose capaci- ties are limited to less than the amount necessary for control of the major floods such encroachment on the flood-storage capacity is not considered feasible. Hydroelectric reservoirs usually store water during periods of high stream flow and release it during dry periods. The amount of water released is usually dependent on the power demand. Low-flow regu- lation for other purposes can often be included in the program of reservoir operation without interfering greatly with power production. The possibility of using existing or proposed reservoirs in the Ohio Basin for low-flow regulation has been considered and discussions of various projects are inchided in the basin summaries and in the section of the report on acid mine drainage. A number of areas have been found where low-flow regulation could be of considerable value for pollution abatement and water supply. 184 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Stream pollution is a problem of national concern. Responsibility for its abatement is primarily local. Power to require its abatement rests with the States, the Federal Government having little authority in this field. All of the States have adopted laws of some kind for the purpose of controlling pollution, and, in addition, the common law affords remedies to injured parties. Because the problem is tech- nical and one requiring constant attention, the States have delegated power to administer the laws to some State agency, usually the health agency, since the protection of the public health is usually the primary purpose of pollution abatement. The progress that has been made varies from State to State. A survey of State laws, their adminis- tration, and the organization of the administrative agencies has been made to determine what effect laws and their administration have had on the progress of pollution abatement and to determine what steps might be taken to accelerate progress. This survey indicates that more important than a stringent anti- pollution law is the existence of an adequately staffed agency carrying on an effective educational and promotional program. Education, with its concurrent awakening of the public consciousness to the value of clean streams and promotion of remedial works’ installation are the foundations of a stream sanitation campaign. A campaign based upon these two factors will attain a substantial measure of success without the legal authority necessary to require the installation of remedial works. However, an impasse is finally reached when the authority must be employed if the program is to proceed. The law should centralize authority over stream pollution in one State agency, authorized and qualified to consider the effects of pollu- tion on all water uses, and not limited to its effects on the public health. No type of wastes and no area should be excepted from the provisions of the law. The agency should be delegated power to function administratively and to enforce the law without the continual necessity of time-consuming court action. It should be given the power to define pollution and the power to seek injunctions when necessary to protect the public interest. It should be permitted to carry out fact-finding investigations relative to pollution. Findings of fact are essential in all actions, particularly in case of court review. The agency should be permitted to prepare a program for pollution abatement and should have authority to require proper operation of remedial works. Legal restrictions on the bonding or taxing power of municipal cor- porations have deterred the installation of sewage-treatment works. Provisions for financing these works by revenue bonds and sewer- rental charges have aided greatly in overcoming these restrictions. The State administrative agency should be given the power to require municipalities to utilize all means at their disposal to finance the con- struction of treatment works that have been found by the agency to be necessary. Provision should be made for the formation of sanitary districts to construct and operate treatment works. In none of the States in the Ohio Basin are all of the above pro- visions in effect. Outstanding defects are the exemptions of acid mine drainage from control in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio, Administration of Pollution Abatement OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 185 and the lack of authority of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois over wastes from Ohio River communities. Organization.—In several of the States surveyed, more than one State agency is empowered to enforce pollution abatement laws. A comparison of the ease and efficiency of operation in these States with that in other States with centralized control clearly indicates the ad- visability of the latter method. In this manner, responsibility is centralized and complete coverage of the problem without duplication of effort can be assured at a minimum of expense. There is an increasing tendency to view pollution abatement in its broad perspective; namely, as an effort to promote the full utilization of a vital natural resource. For this reason it is necessary that the administrative agency not limit its activities solely to pollution affecting the public health or interfering with fish life. It should be permitted by law and qualified technically to act against pollution affecting any phase of water use. The type of organization best suited to do this cannot be stated categorically. A number of States in the Ohio Basin and elsewhere have placed authority in a sanitary water board, a State water commission or some similar agency. Such a body includes representatives of all official agencies concerned with water pollution and occasionally representatives of industry and sportsmen. In this manner all interested parties are given a voice in the establishment of policies and feelings of animosity so often present are minimized. Another method of achieving the desired coordination is by the establishment of an advisory board. This scheme has not been adopted in any of the States in the Ohio Basin but it has been sug- gested by a number of authorities. Administration would be cen- tered in one existing agency already vested with authority. This agency would be advised as to policies and procedures by a commis- sion including officials of State agencies concerned with water problems and representatives of industry and sportsmen. The commission may be supplemented by local watershed advisory boards throughout the State consisting of representative citizens interested in local im- provement and good stream sanitation. This type of organization takes from some agencies control which they might otherwise have and substitutes merely advisory authority. Unless a high state of interest is maintained, something which is diffi- cult of attainment in this particular field, the interest of the advisory committee is apt to lag and its influence diminish or entirely disappear. Whether or not such a scheme would be successful would "depend to a very large degree upon the executive and organizing ability, personal- ity, and farsightedness of the head of the enforcement agency. The most common practice is to make the State health agency the administrative agency for pollution-abatement laws. The sanitary engineering divisions of these agencies are usually the ones most actively engaged in pollution-abatement work and are better qualified technically than any other one agency to carry on such activities. The protection of water supplies from pollution is of definite concern to the health department. The effects of pollution on streams used for recreation are also of interest to the health agency. In practically all States the health department has been delegated authority either to supervise pollution-abatement work or to advise cities and industries with reference to their waste-disposal problems. By virtue of their 186 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL functions and experience, State health agencies should have con- siderable authority in any organization for the administration of pollution abatement. In most sanitary water boards, the State sanitary engineer is executive secretary of the board and the most active individual member. Under the advisory board scheme, the health agency is usually the administrative agency. In those cases where there is no legal provision for coordination of the views of all interested agencies and parties and the health agency alone is given authority, the coordination can be achieved unofficially if the agencies and individuals concerned are not unduly jealous of their positions, prerogatives, and programs. In short, the exact type of organization is not highly significant. It is much more important that the agency be adequately financed and properly staffed with trained men familiar with pollution prob- lems and their relation to all phases of water use. Personality and enthusiasm are as important as technical ability. The agency must be able to carry on an effective educational and promotional program and to work without friction with municipal and industrial officials. A minority of recalcitrant individuals and officials can be dealt with by legal action but effective policing to enforce an unpopular law would require so many men that the entire scheme would be impractical. Authority.—In some instances cooperation can be obtained only if there is some legal power or authority which might be used. In other instances actual use of authority is necessary. The State adminis- trative agency should have the following powers: (a) Power to define what constitutes pollution, with the definition based on consideration of all phases of water use. (b) Authority to investigate pollution on its own initiative. In- vestigation of all complaints to the agency should be mandatory. (c) Power to review all sewerage plans and plans for new industrial waste outlets and to require suitable treatment. (d) Power to issue orders against polluters, requiring abatement of pollution. (e) Power to seek injunctions when necessary to protect the public interest. (/) Control over the operation of remedial works. All of these powers are designed to promote rapid and efficient solution of the problem with a minimum of litigation. The actions of the agency would be subject to court review as are the actions of any other administrative agency. The basic law may well define pollution in general terms but the agency should be given the power to define in more precise terms what will be considered actionable pollution. The definition should be broad enough to include pollution which would interfere unduly with any water use and definite enough to enable municipalities and indus- tries to determine what may be expected of them. No exceptions should be made in the basic law as to either areas or types of wastes subject to the control of the administrative agency, but the agency should not be required to apply a uniform standard of quality to all streams in the State or to all wastes of a given type. The agency should be permitted to make all fact-finding surveys and investigations. Findings of fact are highly important, not only to serve as a basis for recommendations and orders but also to support OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 187 the agency in possible cases of court review. These surveys and in- vestigations should be permitted without having to wait for a com- plaint. The agency should be given the right of access to municipal and private property necessary to make surveys and investigations. Only in this way can a comprehensive plan and program be developed. The requirement that all complaints must be investigated and re- ported on is a valuable aid in securing public approval of the program. The power of review of all plans for new work involving increases in waste discharges enables the agency to prevent any important in- creases in pollution while engaged in its programs of abatement of pollution from existing sources. To make this power effective, the agency should be able to make rules and regulations governing sewer- age and industrial waste treatment. Most of the States with effective pollution abatement programs have given this power of review to the administrative agency. The power to issue orders requiring the abatement of pollution has been an extremely valuable instrument in many States. The basic law should outline the procedure to be followed in issuing such orders and provide for the enforcement of them. In general, the procedure is as follows: (a) The agency makes an investigation to determine whether or not actionable pollution exists. (b) If such pollution is found to exist the offender is cited to appear before the agency for a hearing and show cause why an order should not be issued requiring the abatement of the pollution. (c) If the offender cannot show sufficient cause, an order is entered requiring the treatment or complete elimination of the waste discharge causing pollution. This procedure is much more economical of time and money, and requires less litigation than if the agency were required to seek action through other legal channels. Occasionally, even this type of machinery is too slow to protect properly the public interest. This is particularly true in the case of seasonal industries, when ponded wastes are suddenly discharged, or when remedial devices are improperly operated. The agency should be able to take action by injunction or otherwise to prevent such pollution. T* insure the proper operation of treatment plants and other remedial works, the State administrative agency should be empowered to supervise their operation and to make the necessary rules and reg- ulations. The agency should be adequately and properly staffed to permit it to assist municipalities and industries in the solution of oper- ating problems. Sanitary districts.—Legislation to allow the easy formation of sani- tary districts to serve unincorporated areas or combinations of one or more municipalities and adjoining areas is necessary if one of the more troublesome and difficult to control pollution sources, the pri- vate sewer, is to be eliminated and if pollution abatement work is to be carried on most economically and effectively in metropolitan areas. Most States have made some provision for such districts but, in many instances, the formation and preliminary financing have been made so difficult that the law is seldom used. In one State, 90 percent of the property owners concerned must sign the petition for the district’s formation. Illinois has used the sanitary district method with con- 188 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL siderable success. Reasonable legislation could facilitate the forma- tion of districts and still protect against the formation of additional unnecessary governmental units. The administrative agency may well be given power to review plans for the formation of districts and the power to order the formation of districts where this appears to be the only feasible solution to a pol- lution problem, as in the case of unincorporated areas on the fringes of municipalities. Ohio’s administrative agency has this authority with reference to county sewer districts and the program in the State has been materially assisted by the authority. In most other States individual prosecution, a cumbersome device at best, must be either used or threatened to accomplish district formation in such cases. Financing.—Constitutional and statutory limitations on the bond- ing and taxing power of cities have hindered the installation of reme- dial works in many instances. If a pollution abatement program is to proceed some means must be found, consistent with sound financial policy, to overcome these difficulties. The principle of allowing municipalities to exceed these limitations upon order of the admin- istrative agency might be applied to statutory limitations but where the limitations are imposed by the constitution, this would probably not be feasible. In some States the municipalities are forbidden to issue bonds for other purposes so long as a State order requiring the installation of pollution abatement works has not been complied with. Provision may also be made for revenue financing of sewage works, permitting the assessment of sewer service charges. This is an equi- table method of financing such works and has been used in a large number of cases in recent years. A recent adverse Pennsylvania court decision in the case of Philadelphia, which is up to its debt limit, ruled against determining sewer rental charges on the basis of the assessed valuation but at the same time stated that a charge based on a pro- portion of the water charge was proper. Administrative 'policies.—In investigating the administration of pollution abatement, a number of policies were encountered which have met with a great deal of success. In general, it was found that the agencies which have been most succeessful have been relatively slow to use the courts or administrative orders to force action. Much of their effort has been devoted to arousing public consciousness of the value of clean streams and securing public support for remedial mea- sures. They try to cooperate and consult with municipalities and industries in order to work out the most satisfactory solution of individual problems. A practically universal policy at the present time in the Ohio Basin is that no new sewers may be installed unless treatment is provided. Some States even require that no additions may be made to existing sewer systems without provision for treatment. The Works Progress Administration has aided in effectuating such policies by refusing to approve sewerage projects without treatment except in special cases. Another policy that has been helpful in hastening progress is that of informing injured riparian owners of their rights. The technical knowledge of the enforcement agency can be of great value to the individual owners who seldom have the means of getting the necessary information for the successful prosecution of a lawsuit. Much of the routine work of the State administrative agencies is concerned with securing proper operation of remedial works after OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 189 they have been installed. The common tendency to consider the problem as solved once the treatment plant has been constructed must be combated continually. The agency must be adequately staffed to permit the frequent inspection of remedial works and to aid plant operators in solving their problems. Most States have adopted the policy of requiring submission of rather complete records of plant operation. Some States offer prizes to those operators submitting the best records. In order to stimulate interest in the problems of plant operation and to improve the standards of operation, a number of States have conducted or sponsored short schools and conferences for operrators. Most of the operators of the smaller plants have little or no technical education and these schools have been instrumental in giving such men an understanding of the scientific principles underlying efficient plant operation. In addition, such schools enable the men to meet each other, to discuss their common problems and exchange experi- ences. Another step that has been taken to improve the caliber of plant operators is the licensing of operators by the State administrative agency. As a ride, the licensing plan operates similarly to licensing of stationary engineers with several grades of licenses and require- ments as to education and experience, as well as an examination. Licensing has been helpful in improving the tenure of competent operators and in attracting better trained men to such jobs. Interstate waters.—As in the case of other water problems, the difficulty of dealing with pollution of interstate streams has cast doubts on the effectiveness of State control and brought forth de- mands for Federal action. Progress has been made in certain areas in the solution of some interstate pollution problems but, in general, much less has been done than where the problems were primarily intrastate and subject to the control of a single agency. The Ohio River is a striking example of this. Informal interstate agreements have been effective in reducing tastes and odors in Ohio River water supplies but no appreciable progress lias been made in reducing sewage pollution of the river. Much of the difficulty is due to the lack of jurisdiction of the States north of the river over the stream. The Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Compact has been drafted by compact commissioners of the States involved, approved by the Congress, and ratified by four of the State legislatures (Indiana, New York, Illinois, and Kentucky) unconditionally. The Ohio and West Virginia Legislatures have rati- fied the compact but their action does not become effective until the Pennsylvania Legislature also ratifies. Considerable progress has been made in Pennsylvania toward ratification of the compact, one branch of the legislature having passed ratification legislation on two occasions. The personnel of the Ohio River Valley Compact Commission that drafted the compact is of particular interest. Represented on this commission were the administrative or technical heads of the pollu- tion administrative agencies of the States bordering on the Ohio River. These representatives had been engaged in administering pollution-control laws for a great many years and some of the most notably successful pollution-control programs of this country have been due to their efforts. The compact, as finally approved, repre- 190 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL sents the consensus of these successful, experienced administrators in their efforts to prepare a practical workable document. An outline of the provisions of the compact is included in the summary dealing with the main Ohio River. Two interstate compacts dealing with water pollution have been in effect for several years. The one between New York and New Jersey dealing with the problems of the metropolitan area of New York has been fairly successful. The one between North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota on the Red River of the North has accom- plished little. A third, the Potomac Compact, adopted by Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia created the Potomac Valley Conservancy District, organized formally in October 1941. Activities to date have been confined to a preliminary assem- bling of available data. The formation of these compacts may be taken to indicate a trend but none of them are sufficiently comparable to serve as a basis for predicting the success of this method in the Ohio Valley as a means of abating water pollution. Progress has been made in pollution abatement in the Delaware River Basin since the establishment of the Interstate Commission on the Delaware (Incodel) in 1936. This commission derives its author- ity from joint legislative commissions on interstate cooperation established by the four States of the basin. No interstate compact is involved. Standards of quality for effluents discharged to various zones of the basin have been agreed upon by the four States and a general plan drawn up for treatment of municipal wastes. Progress has also been made in construction of sewage treatment works. Financial difficulties have deterred construction of such works at Philadelphia, the key to the solution of the water pollution problem of the basin. Most interstate compacts in the past have dealt with matters which once settled require little further attention, such as boundary disputes. Compacts have been fairly successful in settling matters of the appor- tionment of water in interstate streams in the section of the country where irrigation is important. The Ohio River Valley Water Sanita- tion Compact is the first to be negotiated dealing with a continuing and complex problem in a large area and its success or failure will probably have considerable influence on future attempts at controlling pollution of interstate waters. It is highly desirable that the compact be ratified. Federal interest.—The increasing activity of the Federal Govern- ment in other fields of water use and control, together with the lack of progress being made in the solution of interstate pollution problems in some areas have been responsible for a number of proposals of Federal legislation on the subject. The proposals have been of two general types; one providing for Federal technical and financial aid to States and administrative agencies and financial aid to municipal- ities and industries in the construction of pollution abatement works; the other providing for similar aid to municipalities and industries and, in addition, for Federal control over the pollution of interstate waters. The need for financial assistance if the work is to proceed rapidly has been shown by the effect of Federal aid on the rate of progress of sewage treatment in recent years and is generally recog- nized. The need for Federal exercise of police power, however, has been bitterly contested. The disagreement is not one that can be Fig.-16 note: Capoble of possible 50percent further reduction by comprehensive sealing program. LEGEND Areas of Circles Proportional to Original Acid Load 'ons of Acid per Yeor 800.000 600.000 400.000 300.000 200.000 100.000 50.000 10.000 Acid Removed by Seoling. Acid E conomicol to Remove by Seoling under 1940 Restrictions. Reslduol Acid Load (seeNote! OHIO BASIN ACID MINE DRAINAGE DHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEYi U S . PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE j 1941 j (Face p.191) GPO-43 0 • 90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 191 resolved by findings of fact at the present time. It involves problems of governmental policy not within the scope of this survey. The findings of this survey do indicate a need for something more than the present degree of control over pollution of the Ohio River. The compact provides a method for this control, through the utilization of existing, experienced State agencies working together with Federal assistance. Whether or not this method is efficient and effective can be decided only after a trial. The Federal Government can encourage such efforts by making available advisory and technical assistance. The present survey should provide the basis for a program of control when and if the Ohio River compact becomes effective. Acid Mine Drainage Studies Acid drainage from coal mines affects the streams throughout the area covered by the Ohio River Basin coal fields (see figure 3). In Pennsylvania and West Virginia, the two largest bituminous coal producing States, the problem dominates the stream sanitation picture. The present situation exists despite the fact that in these two States only 5.1 percent of the coal deposit has been mined out or lost. The present survey has conducted a study of the basic theories of acid formation in coal mines and the possibilities and experience with remedial measures. Particular attention has been directed to control measures involving mine sealing and flow regulation, particularly by multiple purpose use of flood-control and other purpose reservoirs. Studies and demonstrations by the United States Bureau of Mines of the possible accomplishments of mine sealing have shown that acid control at the mine is practical at reasonable cost, and a start, made in the form of a Works Progress Administration program (see figure 16) of abandoned mines with United States Public Health Service and State cooperation, has confirmed (see figure 17) the earlier work. The present sealing program, however, is not a continuing activity, having been discontinued from time to time in some States. Provision for essential maintenance is lacking. Flow regulation by flood-control reservoirs built by the United States Engineer Department has had a beneficial effect. Aggressive prose- cution of a suggested remedial program is amply justified, particu- larly in the Pittsburgh district where tangible monetary benefits can be shown in excess of remedial costs. Remedial measures are im- perative to insure the future of the principal streams in the mining areas. The question of acid mine drainage has been made the subject of a detailed supplement to this report and consideration here is confined to summarized information and conclusions. ACID LOAD REDUCTION BY SEALING Mine acid loads in the major tributaries of the Ohio River Basin as originally measured and after present sealing and suggested sealing under 1940 restrictions are given on figure 16 and table 7. 90035—44—pt. 2 4 192 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table 7.—Acid mine drainage. Summary by tributary drainage basins and States of original classified mine acid loads, intensity per square mile, acid removed by sealing, estimated acid economical to remove under 1940 restrictions, and residual mine acid loads. • Tributary drainage basin and State Drain- age area, square miles Original acid load as CaC03 Sealed mines Acid removed by seahng, tons per year Econom- ical to remove in addition by sealing, tons per year Residual acid load after sealing under 1940 restrictions 2 Active mines, tons per year Mar- ginal 1 mines, tons per year Aban- doned mines, tons per year Total mines Original acid load, tons per year Effi- ciency, percent Tons per year Per- cent Tons per year Tons per square mile per year Allegheny River except Kiskiminetas -- 9,838 26, 457 6,760 50, 244 83, 461 8.5 24,040 78 18, 750 32, 330 32,381 39 Kiskiminetas River 1,892 223,896 23, 805 73, 988 321,689 170.0 20,270 54 10, 954 132,630 178,105 55 Allegheny River total. 11, 730 250,353 30, 565 124, 232 405,150 34.5 44,310 67 29,704 164, 960 210,486 52 Monongahela except Youghiogheny 5,648 438, 274 39, 064 223, 634 700,972 124.1 380. 026 66 251. 900 115,630 333,442 48 Youghiogheny River 1,732 141, 735 25, 609 52, 340 219, 684 126.8 29, 270 78 22, 742 83, 050 113, 892 52 Monongahela River total. 7,380 580,009 64, 673 275, 974 920,656 124.7 409, 296 67 274, 642 198.680 447,334 49 Beaver River 3,145 5,480 988 10.920 17,388 5.5 5, 376 42 2,280 6,500 8,608 50 Little Kanawha River . 2, 320 323 2 493 818 0.4 716 65 470 50 298 36 Kanawha River 12,300 9, 210 995 22, 650 32,855 2.7 21,157 65 13, 750 2,170 16,935 52 Quyandot River ... 1,670 15,680 614 3,890 20,184 12.1 14,333 65 9,320 1,330 9. 543 47 Big Sandy River 4,280 16. 236 8,997 35, 699 60, 932 14.2 26,324 56 14, 738 18,320 27.874 46 Muskingum and Hocking River 9, 225 37,700 14, 600 163, 500 215, 800 23.4 170, 000 54 91, 400 19.000 105, 400 49 Scioto River 6. 510 4,900 2,400 16,800 24,100 3.7 11, 540 54 6,230 7,100 10, 770 45 1,755 0 0 0 0 0 o 3.670 Slight o 5,385 0 0 0 0 0 o Kentucky River 6,940 10,900 3,200 27,800 41, 900 6.0 22,865 50 11, 433 9, 520 20,947 50 2,890 0 0 0 0 0 o Green River 9,220 26, 500 7,900 42,100 76, 500 8.3 30, 230 50 15,115 23,140 38, 245 50 1,235 Slight o Tradewater River 995 3,000 1,500 3,400 7/900 7.9 1,730 50 865 3,270 3,765 48 Cumberland River 18,000 53, 610 13,045 198,115 264, 770 14.7 105, 056 65 68,862 93,070 102,838 39 Tennessee River 40,600 4,960 1,145 32, 063 38,168 0.9 20, 239 80 16,200 10, 770 11,198 29 Wabash River... 33,100 26, 777 3,174 79, 631 109, 582 3.3 54, 054 87 47, 040 30, 403 32,139 29 Main Ohio River: Pennsylvania 1, 290 27, 380 11,320 10,697 49, 397 38.3 14,100 64 9,030 15.050 25,317 51 Ohio 6, 450 21,100 7, 400 85, 000 113, 500 17.6 45, 820 54 24, 750 40, 200 48, 550 43 West Virginia 3,005 7,579 764 18, 464 26, 807 8.9 14,028 65 9,120 1, 770 15,917 59 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 193 Kentucky..' 5,680 4, 700 1,300 11,200 17,200 3.0 7.854 50 3, 927 4,900 8, 373 49 Indiana 3, 480 2,978 64 10,013 13,055 3.8 6.964 87 6.060 496 6,499 50 Illinois 1,645 356 1,804 411 2,571 1.6 305 70 214 1,000 1,357 53 Main Ohio River total 21,550 64,093 22, 652 135, 785 222, 530 10.3 89,071 1 60 53,101 63, 416 106,013 48 7,175 18, 750 2.6 0 0 11,070 7, 680 41 Total Ohio River Basin 203,900 1,109, 731 176, 450 1,173, 052 2, 477, 983 12.2 1, 026, 288 64 655,150 662, 769 1,160,064 47 Alabama 6,810 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.490 0 0 0 0 0 0 Illinois 11, 440 356 1,804 411 2,571 0.2 305 70 214 1,000 1,357 53 Indiana . ... 29,135 29, 775 3,238 89, 644 122, 637 4. 2 61,018 87 53,100 30,899 38, 638 32 Kentucky 39. 375 88, 900 31,700 180, 000 300, 600 7.6 129, 000 50 64, 500 89, 500 146, 600 49 Maryland 430 535 79 847 1,461 3.4 570 60 342 400 719 49 Mississippi 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 0 0 0 0 0 0 North Carolina ... . 6,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ohio 29, 570 65, 000 25,000 270, 000 360,000 12.2 229, 600 54 123, 590 68,900 167, 510 46 Pennsylvania 15,620 521, 513 90, 003 277,833 889, 349 56.9 128, 237 72 91, 804 349, 560 447,985 50 Tennessee. 33, 645 25,170 5.190 160, 478 190, 838 5.7 74, 771 80 59, 800 72, 440 58, 598 31 Virginia.(unclassified) . 7,175 18. 750 2.6 0 0 11,070 7,680 41 West Virginia 20, 610 378, 502 19, 436 193, 839 591, 777 28.7 402, 787 65 261, 800 39, 000 290,977 49 Total 203,900 1,109,731 176,450 1,173,052 12, 477,983 12.2 1,026, 288 64 655,150 662, 769 1,160,064 47 * Not completely abandoned. * Areas connected to active ventilation systems and areas where costs exceed $10 per ton per year not included. 194 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL EXPECTANCY CURVES FOR MINE SEALING PERFORMANCE FROM RECORD OF IOO SEALED MINES IN WEST VIRGINIA JULY,14-1941 Fig.-17 Ratio ToCondition Before Sealing- per Cent NOTE: Information from Office of Mine Sealing-U.S.P.H.S. Reduction Output After Sealing—per Cent Elapsed Time After Sealing-Years OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1942 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 195 Total basin acid loads from this table and the estimated load follow- ing a sealing program with 1940 restrictions modified are as follows: Tons per year Original mine acid load 2, 500, 000 Reduction, to date, by sealing 700, 000 Present mine acid load 1, 800, 000 Possible further reduction by sealing under 1940 restrictions 600, 000 Load after sealing under 1940 restrictions 1, 200, 000 Possible further reduction with 1940 restrictions modified 600, 000 Estimated ultimate residual load 600, 000 The sealing program under 1940 restrictions is based on a cost limitation of $10 per ton of acid per year and sealing only in areas not connected to active ventilation systems. Modified restrictions would permit sealing operations in worked-out sections of active mines. The cost and benefit estimates, discussed later, apply to work neces- sary to complete a sealing program under 1940 restrictions and the report discusses this completion as a first objective. Free mineral acid from waste pickle liquor is estimated at 3.4 per- cent of the present total free and combined mine acid load. Acid from hydrolized iron sulfates may be minor or as high as 10 times this quantity depending on the hydrolysis equilibrium. MINE SEALING COSTS Mine sealing costs to date in the Ohio River Basin, as showm in table 8, have been about $5,400,000. To complete a sealing program Under 1940 restrictions will cost an estimated additional $5,500,000. Annual charges of interest (3% percent), amortization (0.7 percent based on percent interest and a 50-year life), inspection (2 percent) and maintenance (7 to 10 percent) are about 15 percent or $1,635,000 on the total of these two sums of $10,900,000. This is about 4 mills per net ton of production and confirms an estimate of the Office of Mine Sealing, United States Public Health Service. These and other estimates of future mine sealing costs are believed conservatively high as they are based primarily on past experience with Works Progress Administration programs with the dual purpose of providing relief and improving mine acid conditions. MINE-ACID-CONTROL PROGRAM Present information indicates that correction, in large measure, of the mine-acid-pollution problem is practical by a comprehensive control program involving the following measures: (a) Provisions for the inspection and maintenance of present air Seals and a similar provision in connection with all future mine- Sealing programs. (b) Completion of the present limited (1940 restrictions) mine- Sealing program. (c) Provision of reservoir capacity, presumably in primarily flood-control reservoirs, for flow regulation for acid and organic- Pollution control. (d) Inauguration of an aggressive program of mine sealing with Present restrictions modified. (e) Adaptation of the better mining methods to acid control. 196 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL (/) Extension of the established practice of refraining from dis- charging acid waters to streams previously uncontaminated. (g) Clarification of the laws governing mine drainage to facilitate the corrective program. Table 8.—Acid mine drainage: Cost of Works Progress Administration -program of mine sealing to date and estimated to complete restricted mine-sealing program, both State-wide and for the Ohio River Basin State State-wide expenditures Ohio Basin expenditures Total to date1 Per ton per year of acid sealed Estimated to com- plete program Estimated total to date1 Estimated to com- plete program Illinois By States $12,000 273,000 340,000 221,000 1,935,000 2,666,000 109,000 0 1,462,000 $7.26 4. 48 2.66 8.25 8.40 11.50 2.46 (*> $270,000 340.000 10,000 1,940,000 1,490,000 110,000 0 1, 210,000 Indiana _ $80,000 1,200,000 50,000 400,000 4,000,000 420,000 lfcO, 000 200,000 $80,000 1, 200,000 Kentucky Maryland Ohio 400,000 3,100. 000 420,000 150.000 160,000 Pennsylvania. ... Tennessee ...... Virginia __ West Virginia 3.00 Total . . 7,018,000 5.80 6, 500,000 5,370,000 5, 510, 000 Basin By basins Minor tributary basins $650,000 510,000 1,820,000 60,000 1,450,000 70,000 40,000 70,000 100,000 60,000 80,000 240,000 200,000 20,000 $480,000 1,460,000 1,600.000 50,000 110,000 120,000 10,000 240.000 40.000 130,000 310,000 80,000 780,000 100,000 Allegheny M onongahela Beaver. ... ... Muskingum and Hocking... . . ._ Kanawha .1 Quyandot Big Sandy _ Scioto Kentucky Green .. . ... . . Wabash. . . ... Cumberland Tennessee Total 5,370,000 5,510,000 • Rounded. 1 Less than 5 000. UPPER OHIO BASIN For illustrative purposes and to indicate cost to benefit relation- ships, special studies have been made in the upper Ohio River Basin area or the area above the Ohio-West Virginia-Pennsylvania State line. Estimates have been made of accomplishments, costs, and benefits resulting from application of the first three of these items, namely, mine sealing, maintenance, and flow regulation. Any study of reservoir development should include consideration of organic- pollution control and the program studied considers both organic and acid pollution. Damages.—'Damages capable of monetary evaluation caused by acid mine drainage include neutralization and softening costs to domestic and industrial water supplies and corrosion of steamboats, barges, power plant condensers, and river and harbor structures. These damages in the area above the Ohio-West Virginia-Pennsylvania State line, totaling about $2,000,000 per year, are shown on table 9. Equally important, but intangible or unevaluated, damages, are to 197 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL water supply due to manganese, to recreation through the destruction of normal aquatic life, to agricultural uses, to highway structures, to the mines themselves, and indeterminate but serious damages to the public health due to rapid fluctuations in quality as reported by water-plant operators. Mine acid is a deterrent to organic pol- lution abatement as incentive for abatement measures is lacking if the result is a stream suitable only for disposal of mine waters. Mine acid is not a safeguard to public water supplies as the rapid increase in flow during a freshet may bring sufficient alkalinity to neutralize the acidity and eliminate any germicidal effect there may be. Table 9.—Acid mine drainage: Summary, as of 1940, of annual damages, capable of accurate estimation and caused by acid mine drainage above the Ohio-West Virginia-Pennsylvania State line Total annual damages Domestic water supplies $364, 000 Industrial water supplies t 407, 000 Steamboats and barges 1, 143, 000 Power plants 76, 000 River and harbor structures 76, 000 Floating plant (U. S. Engineer Department) 5, 000 Total, 1940 2, 071, 000 Future estimate (based on estimated future quality but no increase hi use): 1950 2, 630, 000 1960 3, 190, 000 Mine sealing.—Data on mine acid loads before and after various stages of sealing, similar to that given on table 7, for the upper Ohio River Basin are as follows: Tons per year Original mine acid load 1,375,000 Reduction, to date, by sealing 313, 000 Present mine acid load 1, 062, 000 Possible further reduction by sealing under 1940 restrictions 379, 000 Load after sealing under 1940 restrictions 683, 000 Tlie completion of a mine-sealing program in this area under 1940 restrictions will cost an estimated $3,250,000. Annual charges, including interest, amortization, inspection, and maintenance as already enumerated, are 15 percent or $488,000 on this expenditure. Similar annual charges on existing mine seals of 15 percent of the approximately $2,550,000 spent on mine sealing to date in this area are $382,000 per year, making a total of $870,000 per year. As shown on figure 17, if these existing seals are not maintained, the benefits already realized may easily be lost making it necessary to repeat the expenditure. Flow regulation.—The application of mine sealing under 1940 restrictions will greatly reduce the maximum monthly acidity but there will still remain acid surges and months in which conditions are Unsatisfactory. The acid surges, particularly during times of low flow, will be a hazard to aquatic life. A further improvement during 9-11 but the highest flow months and a measure of protection against 9cid surges hazardous to aquatic life are possible by the application of flow regulation from reservoir storage. The estimated reservoirs selected for acid control are the largest that can be used without storing 198 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL for periods greater than 1 year. Utilization of increased capacity beyond this point would be infrequent and the unit value would therefore be reduced. Reservoir capacities selected in the upper Ohio River Basin area under these conditions are as follows: Acre-feet Allegheny Basin 210, 000 Monongahela Basin 370, 000 Total 580,000 Organic pollution in the upper main Ohio River can be controlled satisfactorily by a partial treatment of sewage and industrial wastes plus flow control adequate to eliminate those low-flow periods when a higher degree of treatment would normally be required. A second method of control would be to allow natural flows to remain unchanged and install facilities for providing the required higher degree of treatment. In estimating the value of flow regulation for organic pollution abatement, this value was considered as equal to the difference in cost between partial treatment and the required higher degree of treatment. The required flow has been estimated to be 8,000 cubic feet per second during the warm summer months (25° C. or 77° F. average monthly air temperature) and progressively lesser flows as tempera- tures decrease. With this flow regulation, primary treatment plus equivalent treatment of industrial wastes would be adequate to maintain satisfactory stream conditions for reasonable use other than domestic water supply immediately below Pittsburgh. The question arises as to the justification of attempting to maintain such conditions during times of abnormally low flow such as occurred during 1930. Conditions of 1930 have occurred but once in a period of record of over 30 years and have not been approached in any other year. If 1930 is included, storage required for flow regulation is 830,000 acre-feet while during all other years storage of 430,000 acre-feet would be adequate. It is concluded that the cost of pro- viding the higher storage capacity is greater than warranted by con- trol of pollution during a drought occurring but once in 30 years. This does not mean that conditions would not be improved during an extreme drought. A valuable partial organic pollution control would be available during a year such as 1930. Storage required for organic pollution abatement is 430,000 acre- feet (except in 1930) while total storage selected for acid control is 580,000 acre-feet. This last storage figure of 580,000 acre-feet has been used in estimating benefits. Benefits and costs.—Benefits of the combined program due to acid control are due to a reduction in the damages detailed on table 9. Benefits to organic pollution control are due to a reduction in the cost of needed sewage and industrial waste treatment. Reduction in maximum monthly acidities equitably assigned to the two items—mine sealing and flow regulation—of this program are as follows: OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 199 Acidity,1 parts per million - Allegheny at Aspinwall Monongabela above McKeesport Present monthly maximum .... 23 33 Reduction by sealing 2 22 19 Reduction by reservoirs2 14 10 Resulting monthly maximum (3) 4 1 To methyl red on Allegheny and methyl orange on Monongahela. 2 Equitably assigned or average improvement if remedy applied constructed first or second. As a rule, projects applied first show increased benefits at expense of later projects. 313 parts per million minimum alkalinity in Allegheny at Aspinwall. The estimated monetary benefits to acid and hardness reduction in the Allegheny, Monongahela, and upper Ohio River Basin due to the suggested mine-sealing and flow-regulation programs total $1,133,000 per year. This estimate is believed conservative as it is based on 1940 damages instead of greater possible future damages and it does not include benefits to unevaluated and intangible items. Deducting the cost of sealing of $870,000 per year from these benefits leaves $263,000 per year that can be spent on reservoir construction for acid and hardness reduction. In correcting sewage and organic industrial waste pollution without flow regulation, a higher degree of treatment (estimated as effective chemical treatment) would be required to maintain equivalent stream conditions. Estimated additional annual costs of the selected chem- ical treatment over primary treatment is $300,000 at Pittsburgh. Flow regulation above Pittsburgh would increase the minimum flow at Cincinnati and this increase would result in savings for similar reasons of an additional $300,000. While the flow regulation is designed primarily for acid pollution control, minor adjustments in the operating schedule make it possible for the flow regulation also to serve as a valuable aid in organic pollution control. The two flow regulation objectives fit well together as acid discharges are at a minimum during dry periods when aug- mented flow is required for organic pollution control. An examination of flow and acidity records indicates that acid control and organic pollution abatement can both be accomplished with the exception of 1 month (also excepting 1930) in 10 years and this accomplishment has been taken as satisfactory. Annual benefits to flow regulation include $263,000 left after deduct- ing mine sealing costs from acid and hardness control benefits, plus $300,000 for organic pollution control at Pittsburgh and $300,000 for organic pollution control benefits at Cincinnati, making a total of $863,000 per year. For a storage of 580,000 acre-feet, the annual benefits or the amount that can be economically spent per acre-foot per year is $1.49. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL A summary of the cost and benefit relation is as follows: Benefits, acid control _ ___ Cost, mine sealing to date and future Annual benefits and costs _ . $1, 133, 000. 00 870, 000. 00 Balance, acid control for reservoirs Benefits, organic pollution control: Pittsburgh __ _ _ Cincinnati _ __ _ 263, 000. 00 300, 000. 00 300, 000. 00 Total available for reservoirs __ Per acre-foot __ __ ___ ___ 863, 000. 00 1. 49 Reservoir benefits are, in large measure, due to equalizing and surge reducing effects following mine sealing in order to develop full benefits from the sealing program. The balance for reservoirs indicated is, therefore, available to the extent shown only if and when the mine-sealing program is assured. Mine sealing, on the other hand, can be justified beyond reasonable doubt as a single independ- ent remedial measure. Studies conducted by the Corps of Engineers disclose that storage capacity can be provided in the quantities required for low-flow control in the Allegheny-Monongahela-Upper Ohio River Basin. It is further indicated that the best development of the water re- sources of the basin would provide low-flow control as a function of multiple-purpose reservoir operation. Under such circumstances, the average annual benefits which could be reasonably assigned to such an improvement would be in excess of the average annual cost. Introduction to Drainage Basin Summaries The basic information of the Ohio River pollution survey has been presented in summaries covering the main Ohio River, minor tributary basins and the 19 major tributary basins. An effort has been made to have each summary complete in itself. Certain ex- planations, applicable to each, have been made in this section to avoid repetition. Insofar as possible, information for each basin is presented in as near identical form as possible, according to the following general outline: Syllabus and conclusions. Description. Presentation of field data. Presentation of laboratory data. Hydrometric data. Discussion. Accompanying the- text are a number of tables, maps, and charts. With the exception of the division on the main Ohio River, similarly numbered tables and figures cover similar material in each basin summary. In the tabulations of costs (table 1) the annual charges are based on interest rates of 3% percent for municipal and 5 percent for indus- trial construction and periods for amortization of 40 years for inter- ceptors, 20 years for municipal treatment plants and 10 years or less for industrial corrective measures. Studies of interest rates and OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 201 life of treatment facilities have indicated that these figures represent about the average experience of municipalities and industries. Cost estimates of individual projects are not shown except in a few cases where they are based on engineering surveys. Since most of the estimates are not based on detailed studies of each situation they may be considerably in error in individual instances. Grouped for an entire basin, the probability of error is greatly reduced and it is believed that the figures shown are an accurate indication of the cost of the suggested pollution abatement program. Costs of providing lateral sewers or for the extension of sewers to areas now lacking them are not included in the estimates. The urgency of the individual projects for which cost estimates have been made is far from uniform. Some projects are needed to correct critical pollution conditions while in other cases the need and justifica- tion for the expenditure are less outstanding. The basin summaries place stress on the more critical and larger sources of pollution where effects are not confined to local areas. However, cost estimates pre- sented apply not only to the urgent situations but to a complete program of pollution control such as might take place during the course of the next 10 to 20 years. In the special case of a stream highly acid from the effects of mine drainage, expenditure of public funds for acid- reducing measures should precede or at least parallel expenditures for sewage and organic pollution abatement. Cost estimates are based on average experience from 1928 to 1940. Costs for 1942 would be considerably higher and future costs will probably be subject’to further change depending upon fluctuation in construction costs for this type of work. Throughout the report quantities of organic industrial wastes have been expressed as “sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand).” Extensive measurements have shown that the average oxygen demand of domestic sewage is 0.168 pound (5-day, 20° C.) per capita per day and this factor has been used to convert industrial waste loads to a readily understandable basis. In the tabulations of sources of pollution (Table 3), the column “Sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand), untreated” represents the total of the population connected to sewers plus the population* equivalent of industrial wastes discharged at each locality. The difference between this column and the adjacent column “Sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand), discharged” represents the reduction in the pollution load due to treatment in a municipal treatment plant. Where accurate laboratory results of1 treatment plant operation were available, these were used to determine the pollution load both before and after treatment. In the absence of such records reductions of 35 percent by primary treatment and 85 percent by secondary treatment were assumed. No differentiation has been made in the tables, maps, or charts be- tween industrial wastes which are discharged only seasonally and those which are discharged throughout the year. The pollution loading shown represents conditions during normal operations at the height of the season. In the case of the canning industry, this may occur only during a few weeks in the year but these few weeks are often during the late summer when the effects of organic pollution on the oxygen balance of the stream are most serious. On the other hand, the season 202 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL for distillery operations in most cases is during the winter months when the effects of oxygen-depleting pollution are less serious. Nowhere in the repiort has a quantitative statement been made as to the reduction in the industrial waste pollution load due to treatment, recovery, or other measures at the industrial plant. Such a statement would necessitate a definition of the strength of untreated industrial wastes from each type of industry. This is impracticable since the strength of the wastes depends to a large degree on plant practices which vary widely. For instance, in some meat-packing plants all blood, paunch manure, and offal are recovered and in others these materials are discharged to the plant sewers. Wastes discharged from vegetable canneries have been found to vary by as much as 400 percent due to differences in “housekeeping” methods. W’astes from paper- mills vary depending on the use of save-alls, recirculating systems and other pollution reduction measures. At some plants reduction in pollution is inadvertent and is brought about by the recovery of valu- able byproducts or prevention of waste of raw materials. At others expense is incurred which produces nothing but a reduction in pollu- tion discharges. Tabulations of industrial wastes (table 4) show the number of plants that have taken steps of either kind which result in some reduction in the pollution load from the plant. MAIN OHIO RIVER CONTENTS Page- Contents 205* Syllabus and conclusions 207 Description 209 Presentation of field data i 210 Presentation of laboratory data 215 Hydrometric data 228 Discussion 229 LIST OF TABLES Oh- 1.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 209 Oh- 2.—Surface water supplies 211 Oh- 3.—Sources of pollution 212 Oh- 4.—Industrial wastes 214 Oh- 5.—Laboratory results—seasonal averages 210 Oh-5a.—Laboratory results, number and percentage of samples within various quality ranges 1 219 Oh-5b.—Laboratory results, average phenol results 222 Oh- 6.—Monthly mean summer flows 229 Oh- 7.—Summary of laboratory results 237 Oh-7a.—Summary of laboratory results on acid streams 256 LIST OF FIGURES Oh- 1.—Map—Sources of pollution (Pittsburgh to Huntington) 207 Oh- 2.—Map—Sources of pollution (Huntington to Louisville) 207 Oh- 3.—Map—Sources of pollution (Louisville to mouth) 207 Oh- 4.—Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data (Pitts- burgh to Huntington) 214 Oh- 5.—Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data (Hunt- ington to Louisville) 214 Oh- 6.—Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data (Louis- ville to mouth) 214 Oh- 7.—Chart—Laboratory results, seasonal averages and distribution of results 218 Oh- 8.—Map—Coliform results (Pittsburgh to Huntington) 222 Oh- 9.—Map—Dissolved oxygen results (Pittsburgh to Huntington) 222 Oh-10.—Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results (Pittsburgh to Huntington) 222 Oh-11.—Chart—Laboratory results at selected stations above Huntington 222 Oh-12.—Map—Coliform results (Huntington to Louisville) 226 Oh-13.—Map—Dissolved oxygen results (Huntington to Louisville) 226 Oh-14.—Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results (Huntington to Louisville) _ _ 226 Oh-15.—Chart—Laboratory results at selected stations below Huntington. 226 Oh-16.—Map—Coliform results (Louisville to mouth) 228 Oh-17.—Map—Dissolved oxygen results (Louisville to mouth) 228 Oh-18.—Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results (Louisville to mouth), 228 Oh-19.—Chart—Coliform results at Cincinnati Water Works (1926-41) __ 236 205 Fig Oh-3 OHIO RIVER LOUISVILLE TO MOUTH SOURCES OF POLLUTION Flat Oh -3 (Facep. 207) No. 3 GPO-43 0 - 90035 LE6END Areas of Circlet Proportional to Population Equivalent of Waetee Valero Treatment At Disctiarqatf Ratfil Population Equivalent OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE Lit! LEGEND Araai of Circlet Proportional to Population Equivalent of Waotoo Before Treatment At Oitcharged Radii Population Equivalent 900000 *5 PD o (t> V to o 2 o to CD "V o c*» o cn Fig.Oh-2 OHIO RIVER HUNTINGTON TO LOUISVILLE SOURCES OF POLLUTION Fig.Oh-2 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fi g Oh-I OHIO RIVER PITTSBURGH TO HUNTINGTON SOURCES OF POLLUTION LEGEND Areas of Circles Proportional to Population Equivalent of Wastes Fig. Oh -I Before | Treefment I At Dischorged Redil Pop ulotion Equivolent (Face p.207) No. 1 SPO -43 0 - 90035 ****, ..rn^r lower $ miles of Allegheny end Monongohelo Rivers. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 MAIN OHIO RIVER Syllabus and Conclusions SYLLABUS The Ohio River is one of the most intensively used large streams in the United States, supplying water for municipal and industrial use, furnishing a method of sewage and industrial waste disposal, providing transportation facilities and providing many sources of recreation. Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Louisville, the largest urban centers on the river, contribute the largest amounts of pollution and there are Uiore than 100 smaller places discharging untreated sewage and Wastes. Municipal sewage, acid mine drainage and industrial wastes, such as phenols, which impart objectionable tastes and odors to drinking water are the principal polluting substances. The interstate character of the Ohio River is in part responsible for the lack of progress made to date in controlling the pollution of the stream. The Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Compact, which has been approved by the Congress and ratified by four of the State legislatures, pledges the States to joint action for pollution abatement und provides for an interstate administrative agency. This compact should be ratified by the remaining State necessary to make it operative. This report presents a summary of the information collected and outlines a program of sewage and industrial waste treatment for the Uiain Ohio River. Such a program, coupled with a basin-wide program of mine sealing, low-flow augmentation and similar programs of waste treatment on certain tributary streams would provide an economical and effective method of reducing the pollution of the Ohio River. (1) Thirty public water supplies serving 1,663,000 people are taken from the Ohio River proper. (2) Sewage from about 2,700,000 people and industrial wastes equivalent in oxygen demand to sewage from an additional 2,850,000 People enter the Ohio River and the lower stretches of tributary streams. Only about 1 percent of the sewage is treated prior to discharge. (3) Laboratory surveys made during 1939-41 showed notable oxygen sags below Cincinnati and Pittsburgh and heavy bacterial Pollution below these points and many other cities and at a number of Waterworks intakes. The main stream was found to be acid as far downstream as Marietta, Ohio, during a part of the sampling period. It is known to have been acid further downstream on other occasions. CONCLUSIONS 90035—44—pt. 2 5 207 208 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL In general, the tributaries are in as good or better sanitary condition at their mouths than the main stream and the effect of tributary inflow is not particularly noticeable. (4) The major pollution control measures needed on the main river are: (a) Reduction of bacterial pollution, particularly at water supply intakes; (b) reduction and prevention of the further spread downstream of acidity; (c) prevention of taste and odor troubles in public water supplies; and (d) correction of objectionable nuisance conditions due to oxygen depletion, discoloration of the stream, floating sewage and other solids and scum. (5) Efficient primary treatment of sewage plus continuous chlorina- tion should effectively reduce bacterial pollution. Primary treatment of sewage and organic industrial wastes should correct nuisance conditions in the stream, except below Cincinnati and Pittsburgh, when very low flows and high water temperatures prevail. Supple- mentary measures of low-flow augmentation or chemical treatment would correct these conditions. (6) Prevention of taste and odor troubles will require special indus- trial waste treatment at byproduct coke plants, at some chemical plants and at other establishments with similar types of wastes. (7) Reduction in acidity can be most effectively and economically achieved by a basin-wide program of mine sealing combined with a program of low-flow augmentation.1 Neutralization of waste indus- trial acids would aid in reducing acidity. (8) The following estimates of cost of existing works and of a suggested program of sewage and industrial waste treatment is summarized from table Oh-1. The bulk of the cost for new work is at Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and Louisville. Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Existing $1,080,000 71,030,000 $95,000 6, 710,000 Suggested additional- The estimated additional cost over existing charges of a program involving secondary treatment at all sources of pollution on the Ohio River is— Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Primary, all places $71, 030,000 86,620,000 $6, 710,000 8, 700,000 Secondary, all places 1 See section of report on acid mine drainage. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Oh-1.—Main Ohio River: Estimated cost of existing and suggested minimum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion connected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Pri- mary Second- ary Amortiza- tion and interest Operation and main tenance Total Existing sewage treatment Suggested minimum correc- tion: Sewage treatment plants.. Required interceptors . 4 16 22, 500 $1. 080, 000 $65, 000 $30, 000 $95,000 111 0 2, 018, 500 27, 560, 000 40, 350, 000 3, 120,000 1, 910, 000 1,890, 000 410, 000 1, 765,000 3, 705,000 1,890,000 1,115,000 Independent industrial waste correction 705,000 71, 030, 000 71,030, 000 86, 620,000 71,030, 000 4, 240,000 4, 240, 000 5, 335, 000 4, 240, 000 2,470,000 2, 470, 000 3,365, 000 2, 470, 000 6, 710,000 6, 710,000 8, 700,000 6, 710,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment, ail Secondary treatment, all Note— Costs shown above include the cost of interceptors and treatment works for city of Pittsburgh ®hd its suburbs along the lower Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers and Chartiers Creek whose wastes probably be treated at a plant along the Ohio River. Description The Ohio River is formed by the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers at Pittsburgh, Pa. and flows in a generally south- westerly direction for 981 miles to its confluence with the Mississippi River. It forms the boundary between 5 States: Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois on the north and West Virginia and Kentucky on the south. The 203,900 square miles drained by the Ohio River and its tributaries comprise roughly one-fifteentli of the area of the United States and include parts of 14 States. Most of this area is drained by the 19 major tributaries which are discussed separately. About square miles of the watershed drain directly into the Ohio River or through minor tributaries. This section of the report is concerned only with the cities and towns on the Ohio River proper °r in metropolitan areas which touch the river. The three largest cities on the Ohio River are Pittsburgh, Cincin- nati, and Louisville. There are 86 incorporated municipalities of niore than 2,500 population on the Ohio River and 131 additional jailer incorporated towns. The population of some of the larger cities and of the entire area is shown below: Population 1910 1920 1930 1940 Principal cities: 533, 905 363, 591 223,928 69,647 31, 161 53, 270 41,641 588,343 401, 247 234,891 85,264 50,177 57,121 56,208 669,817 451,160 307, 745 102, 249 75, 572 65, 252 61, 659 671,659 455,610 319,077 97,062' 78, 836 62,018 61,099 Huntington, W. Va Wheeling, W. Va _ ®htire area: 1,839,366 120, 993 2,133, 585 118, 004 2, 540,749 115, 251 2, 570, 592 127, 217 Rural i Total 1,960,359 2, 251,587 2,656,000 2,697,809 ..1 Includes only incorporated communities of less than 2,500 population on the Ohio River or inmetropol- Uah areas along the stream. 210 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Most of the Ohio River cities are relatively old and their rate of growth during this centuiy has been less rapid than that of other cities in the basin. Steel production is the outstanding single industry in the Ohio Valley and is predominant in the section above Wheeling. Most of the Ohio River cities below the steel area are more important from the standpoint of commerce and transportation rather than as industrial centers. Water uses.—Forty-six locks and dams provide slack-water naviga- tion for boats at 9-foot draft for the entire length of the river. A number of additional locks and dams have been replaced by fewer structures of higher lift. In 1940 almost 30,000,000 tons of freight, the bulk of which was coal, were moved by river. The only hydroelectric development on the Ohio River is at dam No. 41 at Louisville. Relatively small amounts of power might be generated at some of the navigation dams. The floods of 1936 and 1937 focused national attention on the need for flood protection along the Ohio River. Studies by the United States Engineer Department have indicated the value of reservoirs on tributaries in reducing flood damages along the main stream. Tributary reservoirs are discussed in the basin summaries of this report. A number of possible sites for high dams on the Ohio River have been studied but none have been constructed nor authorized by the Congress. In spite of many drawbacks the Ohio River is used extensively for recreation. There are numerous boat and yacht clubs and a number of bathing beaches are well patronized. There is considerable sport fishing in some sections of the main stream but much more on minor tributaries. Commercial fishing is practically limited to the lower half of the main stream and is not of great importance. Presentation of Field Data Figures Oh-1, Oh-2, and Oh-3 show the location and magnitude of the more important sources of pollution along the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the main Ohio River, respectively. Figures Oh-4, Oh-5, and Oh-6 show similar data and, in addition, the location of water supply intakes and selected laboratory data on coliform organ- isms, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. Public v:ater supplies.—Thirty public water supplies serving 1,663,000 people are taken from the Ohio River. The three largest supplies (Cincinnati, Louisville, and Evansville) serve a total of more than 1,000,000 people. Table Oh-2 shows data on the Ohio River supplies and on three other surface supplies developed by Ohio River communities from unpolluted sources. The heavy pollution at many of the water intakes necessitates very careful and complete treatment of the water. The supplies subject to the heaviest pollution are those in the upper 100 miles of the river, and those at Ashland, Ironton, Portsmouth, Aurora, New Albany, and Henderson. The Cincinnati, Covington, and Newport supplies, which are taken from the river within 1 mile of each other, and the Lousiville supply are somewhat less seriously polluted. Several million dollars have been spent in recent years to improve water treatment plants because of heavy bacterial loadings and taste and odor difficulties. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 211 Table Oh-2.—Main Ohio River: Surface water supplies Supply State Source Mile 1 Treat- ment 1 Population served Con- sump tion, million gallons per day Supplies Below Community Sewer Outfalls Cairo. 4 5 FD 12.000 2.50 Paducah 40. 9 FD 33.800 2.75 do 78. 5 FD 600 .03 90.0 FD 1,800 .08 137.0 FD 3,000 . 17 140.7 FD 300 .01 151.9 FD 5, 600 .75 do 178.0 FD 14,000 3.50 189. 4 FD 105. 000 11. 10 37?. 6 FD 25.000 2.00 380.5 FD 350.000 43.70 Aurora 484.3 FD 1.200 .27 Kentucky ..do 517. 3 FD 56,500 4.00 518. 1 FD 96,800 7. 50 Ohio 518.2 LD 560,000 61.30 Kentucky 572.6 FD 8.000 .33 630. 1 FD 55.000 3.60 653. 8 FD 18,000 1.00 Kentucky 661. 1 FD 45,000 1.81 West Virginia .. 676. S FD 89,000 6. 00 Ohio _ 732. 7 FD 6,000 .40 West Virginia . 843. 7 FD 2,800 v .65 Allaire Ohio . 887.0 FD 13.800 3. 10 West Virginia... 894. 2 FD 70,000 5 00 Ohio 915. 7 FD 37,600 3.46 w cirton West Virginia... 918. 5 FD 14.000 1.00 Ohio .. 921.9 LD 7,400 .30 940. 8 FD 23.000 3.50 “Jidland - Pennsylvania -. 945. 1 FD 6. 300 .40 ■Cixmont Hospital 973.4 FD 1,500 .67 Other Surface Supplies Kentucky _. FD ,500 0.02 West Virginia... D 2,000 .06 impounded. Ohio FD 7, 700 1. 15 Total: — Below sewer outfalls 1, 663.000 170. 88 10, 200 1. 23 Total surface water supplies 1, 673, 200 172.11 — 1 Location of intake in miles above mouth of Ohio River. * F=Coagulated, settled, filtered. L=Lime-soda softened. D = Chlorinated. * Community on minor tributary of Ohio River but water supply from main stream. Sewerage.—Table Oh-3 shows the sewered population and the total load at communities on the main Ohio Iiiver. Table Oh-3 and figures Oh-1 to Oh-6 show the size and distribution of these sources °f pollution. Sewage from more than 2,000,000 people is discharged at these places, only about 1 percent of which is treated. In addi- tion, sewage from about 640,000 people enters the lower Allegheny and Monongahela in the Pittsburgh area just above the source of the Ohio River, and sewage from about 78,000 people enters the Little Miami River near its mouth, at Cincinnati. The concentrations of Population and pollution in the upper 100 miles from Pittsburgh to below Wheeling; in the area from Huntington to Portsmouth; around Cincinnati; Louisville, and Evansville, are notable. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Oh-3.—Main Ohio River: Sources of pollution, including industrial wastes expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand)1 Municipality State River miles Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treatment Sewered population equivalent (bio- chemical oxygen demand) Above mouth Below Pitts- burgh Un- treated Dis- charged 2 979 12,000 N one 12.000 12,000 37 944 4,200 ...do 4,200 4,200 46 935 29,000 ...do 39,600 39,600 152 829 4,200 ...do 6.000 6,000 177 804 11,000 ...do 14,000 14,000 Indiana 189 792 103, 300 Secondary2. 192.300 191,200 222 759 25, 600 None 64,400 64,400 Tell City Indiana 254 727 3,500 --.do 4. 700 4, 700 New Albany-Silver Hills. 372 609 18,300 ...do. 40,600 40,600 ...do Louisville and suburbs.. Kentucky 377 604 304, 300 906,900 906,900 Jeffersonville-Clarks - ville. Indiana 378 603 12,500 do 14,100 14,100 423 558 7,100 ..do 18,900 18,900 ___do 488 493 2. 500 Secondary. 74,000 71,900 Cincinnati and suburbs3 Ohio.. 507 474 512,000 None 1, 569, 400 1,569, 400 Covington and suburbs. Kentucky 510 471 77.800 Secondary2 145.900 141,600 Newport and suburbs... do 511 470 60.800 ...do.2 69. 400 67,800 572 409 6,000 None 13,000 13,000 Portsmouth-New Ohio 625 356 45, 500 Primary2. 60,000 59,100 Boston. None do 653 328 12,500 32,500 32, 500 Kentucky. 658 323 21,000 Secondary2. 46,100 43, 100 663 318 3, 400 None 8,400 8, 400 Ceredo-Kenova West Virginia .. 666 315 5,100 ...do 5,100 5,100 do.. 672 309 75,000 ...do 95,800 95, 800 71! 270 5,000 ...do 5, (XX) 5,000 729 252 6,000 ...do 6,000 6.000 West Virginia... Ohio 796 185 36,000 ...do 82.000 82,000 809 172 13,000 ...do 13,000 13,000 West Virginia... 879 102 16,000 ..do 16,000 16.000 886 95 13, .500 ...do 13,500 13,500 Wheeling and suburbs.. West Virginia... 890 91 67,300 -.-do 90,100 90,100 Bridgeport-Brookside.._ 891 90 5, 600 ...do 5, 600 5,600 do 892 89 14, 700 ...do 14, 700 14, 700 West Virginia... 906 75 5, .500 -_.do__ 6,400 6, 400 910 71 5, 100 ..do 5,100 5.100 West Virginia... Ohio 910 71 4,800 . _.do 36,800 36,800 913 68 32,000 ...do 44,000 44,000 Weirton and suburbs West Virginia... 919 62 16,700 -__do 36,500 36,500 921 60 7,000 ...do 13, 700 13,700 933 48 7,600 ...do 7,600 7,600 . ...do 937 44 21,000 ...do 23,600 23,600 Pennsylvania... 944 37 6. 300 ...do 34, 300 34,300 954 27 5.600 ...do 5,600 5,600 do 956 25 10,000 ...do 10,000 10,000 do 956 25 8.000 ... do 8,000 8.000 do 957 24 3,200 ...do 4.900 4.900 961 20 27,000 ...do 120,000 120,000 do 965 16 25.000 ...do 25,000 25,000 969 12 5,600 ...do 5,600 5.600 971 10 10,200 ...do 10,800 10.800 973 8 1,500 ...do 24.400 24,400 Emsworth-Ben Avon. do 975 6 5,200 ...do 5,200 5,200 Bellevue-Avalon do 976 5 16,800 ...do 16,800 16,8C0 ' Includes communities on Ohio River and other adjacent communities which probably will discharge waste directly to the river when sewage treatment facilities arc provided. * Small portion of sewage treated. * Exclusive of wastes now entering Little Miami River. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION" CONTROL 213 Table Oh-3.—Main Ohio River: Sources of pollution, including industrial wastes expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand)—Con. Municipality State River mites Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treatment Sewered population equivalent (bio- chemical oxygen demand) Above mouth Below Pitts- burgh Un- treated Dis- charged Pittsburgh and suburub s4 5 Pennsylvania... 980 1 261,700 72, 700 None. («) 278,600 78.100 278,600 75.300 Total: 18,500 157,400 545, 700 719,200 397,300 254,100 18,700 357,000 1,316, 300 1,833,700 560, 400 398,100 18, 400 353, 500 1,307,000 1,832. 200 559,200 398,100 Kentucky Pennsyl vania. West Virginia- Total entire stream. 2,092,200 4,484, 200 4,468,400 4 Pollution loads from Pittsburgh and suburbs are distributed to Allegheny and Monongahela Basins and Main Ohio River as follows: Municipality State River miles Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treatment Sewered population equivalent (bio- chemical oxygen demand) Above mouth Below Pitts- burgh Un- treated Dis- charged Pittsburgh and suburbs: Allegheny Monongahela River. Ohio River Pennsylvania... do 0-8 0-10 0-4 320.500 319.500 261, 700 None do 597,200 458,500 278,600 597, 200 458, 500 278,600 901,700 1,334, 300 1,334, 300 » Exclusive of wastes now entering Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers. • Secondary treatment at 3 places, primary at 3, none at others. Industrial wastes.—The oxygen demand of industrial wastes enter- ing the Ohio River is equivalent to that of sewage of about 2,400,000 People. Industrial wastes with an additional population equivalent of about 415,000 enter the lower Allegheny and Monongahela at Pittsburgh, and the Little Miami at Cincinnati receives industrial Wastes with a population equivalent of about 50,000. Table Oh-4 summarizes the industrial waste load by type of industry and method of disposal with the exception of the industries at Cincinnati which Were not surveyed individually. Distilleries, byproduct coke plants, Uieat-processing plants, and breweries are the largest sources of organic industrial wastes outside of Cincinnati. At Cincinnati, soap, fertilizer, glue, paper, and meat plants, tanneries, and breweries are the principal sources of industrial wastes. More than 80 percent of the organic industrial waste load is dis- charged from the Cincinnati area and downstream, the largest con- centrations being at Cincinnati and Louisville (see table Oh-3). The 214 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL largest sources of organic industrial wastes along the Ohio above Cin- cinnati are the byproduct coke plants associated with blast furnaces in the steel-producing area. All of these plants are located above the Scioto River. The principal industry along the upper river is steel production and, although large amounts of water are used in the steel mills, deleterious wastes arc practically limited to spent acids used in pickling. A total of about 120,000 pounds of acid per day are discharged from the 62 steel plants along the river and almost all of this enters the upper 100 miles of the stream which is acid for a considerable part of the time, principally because of mine drainage. Table Oh-4.—Main Ohio River: Summary of industrial wastes discharged to the stream Industry Number of plants Industrial waste disposal At least minor correc- tive measures taken Estimated sewered popula- tion equiv- alent (bio- chemical oxygen demand) Munic- ipal sewers Private outlets Canning 14 10 4 2 42, 500 Meat 52 32 20 32 118,200 Milk.. 41 38 3 2 16,900 Brewing 13 13 13 103,200 Distilling 24 14 10 11 588,700 Tanning 3 2 1 21.600 Textile 10 8 2 3 44, 400 Paper 6 2 4 3 19,900 Chemical __ 10 4 6 7 67,300 Oil refining 12 2 10 11 46.100 Byproduct coke 8 1 7 7 234,000 Steel. 62 3 59 15 Miscellaneous. 59 28 31 19 31,800 Subtotal.. 314 157 157 125 1,334,600 Industrial wastes to Cincinnati sewers i 1,057,400 Total industrial waste load, Ohio River 2,392,000 1 Industries not surveyed individually. Population equivalent based on comprehensive sewer gaging and sampling program of city. Fig. OB - 4 OHIO P E N N A. SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVELANT (B.O.D.)IN THOUSANDS SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.)IN THOUSANDS Not*: Pittsburgh pollution load do** not includ* west** discharged to Allaghany and Menongah*lo Rlvere. Ml L E S TO M 0 i T H 0, F 0 ‘h I 0 RIVER MILES BELOW PITTSBURGH Coliform* (M.P.N.) pir mi. Coliforms (M.P.N.) pir mi. LEGEND OHIO RIVER PITTSBURGH TO HUNTINGTON SOURCES OF POLLUTION SELECTED LABORATORY DATA Navigation Oam — Indicates Pollution removed by Treatment Wolir Supply Intake Emergency Water Supply Intake OHIO RIVEN POLLUTION SURVEY U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE IS4I (Face p.214) No. 1 GPO -43 0 - 90035 Fig.Oh-5 Cincinnati and Suburbs Total Population Equivalent L570.000 Exclutivo of Wottti to Littlo Miami Rivor SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVELANT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS O z a: < O a) II t- i- 3* 0. O o« 2* * !j u < > 5 O UJ INDIANA OHIO KENTUCKY W. VA. Coliforms (M.P.N.) ptr mi. LEGEND OHIO RIVER HUNTINGTON TO LOUISVILLE SOURCES OF PO LLUTION SELECTED LABORATORY DATA Novigotion Dam -Indlcatti Pollution romovod by Trpotmont Water Supply Intakp OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 (Face p.214) No. 2 GPO-43 0 - 90035 Fig.Oh-6 I L L I N 0 I S I N D I ANA SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVELANT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS C ol if or ms ( M. P.N.)per mi. Coliforms (M.P.N.) per mi. Oxygen p.p.m. LEGEND OHIO RIVER LOUISVILLE TO M 0 UTH SOURCES OF POLLUTION SELECTED LABORATORY DATA Navigation Oam Indicates Pollution removed by Treatment Water Supply Intake OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (Face p. 214) No. 3 GPO-43 0 - 80035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 215 Presentation of Laboratory Data Laboratory data on the main Ohio River are summarized in tables as follows: Table Oh-5.—Seasonal average results. Table Oh-5A.—Frequency in designated ranges. Table Oh-5B.—Average phenol results. Table Oh-7.—Monthly average results. Table Oh-7A.—Acid stream results. Stream samples were collected from February 1939 to March 1941 and examined at the Cincinnati laboratory, the laboratory boat Kiski, and mobile laboratory units. The following schedule shows the periods during which samples were collected on the various stream sections and the laboratories at which the samples were examined: Pittsburgh to dam 13: October-December 1940 (Kiski laboratory); May 1940-March 1941 (mobile laboratories). Dam 14-dam 23: May-September 1940 (Kiski laboratory); January- March 1941 (Kiski laboratory). Point Pleasant-dam 32: June 1939-April 1940 (Kiski laboratory); April 1940 (mobile laboratories). Dam 33-dam 39: February 1939-April 1940 (Cincinnati laboratory). Dam 39-mouth: June 1940-March 1941 (mobile laboratories). PITTSBURGH TO HUNTINGTON The Ohio River was at low or moderate stages during the entire Period from May 1940 to March 1941. Consequently good high- Water observations are not available for the section above the mouth of the Kanawha River at Point Pleasant. Figures Oh-8, Oh-9, and Oh-10 show the most unfavorable monthly average coliform, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand results respectively, as found by this survey. Figure Oh-7 shows group distribution and seasonal averages of coliform, oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen results at each of the Ohio River stations from Pittsburgh to the mouth for the entire Period of the survey. Table Oh-5 shows seasonal averages of labora- tory results at these same stations. In figure Oh-11 variations in coliform, dissolved oxygen, and oxygen demand results during the sampling period are shown for four sampling stations between Pitts- burgh and Huntington. The generally high dissolved oxygen and low 0xygen demands in the river as well as the more sensitive changes in the coliform content throughout the survey period are shown by these charts. A marked dissolved oxygen depression is noted at Ems- '"''orth Dam in October. 216 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Summer low-water results Winter low-water results W inter high-water results Station Miles below Tem- pera- ture ° C. Oxygen results, parts per million Con- forms, most Tem- pera- ture ° C. Oxygen results, parts per million Con- forms, most Tem- pera- ture ° C. Oxygen results, parts per milliou Con- forms, most Pitts- burgh Date Dis- solved oxygen Bio- chem- ical oxygen de- mand prob- able num- ber per milli- liter Date Dis- solved oxygen Bio- chem- ical oxygen de- mand prob- able num- ber per milli- liter Date Dis- solved oxygen Bio- chem- ical oxygen de- mand prob- able num- per per milli- liter Emsworth Dam.. 6.0 N ovember 6.7 12.5 1.8 157 Dashield Dam.. 13. 5 and De- cember 1940. do 6.0 12.2 1.8 99 Montgomery Dam 31.7 do 6.0 12.4 1.8 80 Dam No. 7.'. 36.5 do 6.0 13.2 1.8 75 Dam No. 8 46.4 do 6.3 12; 8 1.4 71 Dam No. 9 56.1 do 6.2 12.6 1.8 66 Dam No. 10 66.0 do 6.8 12.5 1.8 63 Dam No. 11 77.0 do 6.8 12.4 2.1 51 Dam No. 12.. 87.5 do 7.1 12.2 2.0 58 Dam No. 13 96.0 do 6.8 12.1 2.1 133 Dam No. 14 114.0 July-Sep- tember 1940. do.. ... 23.7 8.0 .8 24 January and 2.8 13.4 2.0 24 Dam No. 15 129.0 23.9 8.2 .8 68 March 1941. do.. ... 2.6 13.7 1.8 19 Dam No. 16 146. 5 do 23.8 8.3 1.0 18 do 2.9 13.7 1.8 14 Dam No. 17 . 167. 5 do 24.6 8.2 1.1 35 do 1.9 13.6 1.9 14 Argand Landing 173.5 do._ ... 24.8 8.3 1.3 64 do 2.0 13.6 1.7 27 Dam No. 18. 180.0 do 24.6 8.2 1.5 47 do. 2.0 13.6 1.6 22 Congress Landing 183.0 do 24.8 8.0 1.9 55 do 2.0 13.6 1.6 18 Rapps Run Light 185.0 do 24.8 7.9 2.0 111 do 1.9 13.6 1.8 39 Dam No. 19. 192.0 do 24.7 8.0 1.7 66 do 3.0 13.4 1.8 24 Dam No. 20 202.5 do 24.2 8.1 1.8 96 do 2. 4 13.4 2.0 35 Dam No. 21 214.5 do 23.9 8.1 1.5 30 do 2.6 13.2 3.0 30 Dam No. 22 221.0 do 23.4 8.1 1.5 21 do 3.0 13.4 1.9 30 231.6 24.2 8.2 1.6 20 do 3.1 13.4 2.0 24 Point Pleasant.. 265.0 do 24.9 6.6 1.2 18 November 5.1 12.3 1.0 10 February- 5.3 12.2 2 3 30 and De- cern b e r 1939; Jan- uary 1940. April 1940. Table Oh-5.—Main Ohio River laboratory results—seasonal averages OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 217 279.0 July-Sep- tember 1939. 24.8 6.3 1.0 12 do 6.0 11.2 1.0 10 do 4.7 12.2 2.0 22 301.0 25.9 7.4 1.3 15 do 5.7 12.5 1.3 12 do 4.9 12.1 2.8 S3 312. 0 25.8 7.3 1.4 337 do 5.3 12.5 1.1 15 do 5.0 12.3 2.0 44 Norfolk & Western 316.0 ...i.-do 25.0 7.6 1.0 190 do 5.2 12.6 1.0 40 do 4.6 12.1 1.9 41 R. R. bridge. 320.0 do. 25.7 7.6 1.1 210 do 5.3 12.6 1.1 47 do 4.6 12.1 2.0 38 White Oak Creek 326.0 do 25.7 7.4 1.0 229 do 5.6 12.7 1.2 62 do. 4.7 12.1 2.1 50 Hanging Rock Light... 330.0 do 25.6 7.4 1.0 223 do 5.5 12.6 1.0 57 do 4.6 12.1 1.9 32 Coal Branch Light 337.0 do 25.5 7.3 1 2 148 do 5.2 12.5 1.0 59 do 4.6 12.2 1.7 42 Dam No. 30 339.0 do 26.0 7.4 1.2 117 do 5.5 12.4 1.3 49 do 4.9 12.0 2.0 40 359.0 do 24.8 7.3 1.3 87 do 4.7 12.3 1.5 35 do 4.7 11.9 2.2 52 Dam No. 32 3S3.0 do 25.7 7.3 1.4 32 do 5.4 12.1 1.5 28 do 5.2 11.7 2.4 69 405. 0 do 25.6 7.5 1.8 80 do 5.4 12 3 1.2 17 do 5.0 12.0 2.2 53 Dam No. 34 434.0 do ... 25.1 7.3 1.4 73 do 4.6 12.2 .9 22 do 4.5 11.7 2.2 56 451.0 461.0 do do 24.4 7.5 1.4 48 November 7.0 11.8 1.2 31 do 4.5 11.6 2.1 70 and De- ce m ber 1939. 2.1 100 Stillwater Landing 462. 8 do 25.9 7.8 1.5 162 do 7.8 12 2 1.4 17 April 1940... 8 5 10 3 Louisville & Nashville 469.5 do 25.7 7.5 1.7 437 do 7.8 12.1 1.8 236 do 8.7 10.4 1.8 56 R. R. bridge. 475.0 do 25.7 5.6 2.5 13. 337 do 7.7 11.5 3.5 2.895 . ...do 8.7 10.4 2.0 402 483.0 do 26.0 6.2 2.1 2,901 do 7.2 11.0 3.0 1,840 February 5.9 11.5 3.2 111 and April 1940. 503. 0 do 25.3 6.3 2.1 481 do 6.8 10.8 2.5 1,670 do 5.4 11.4 3.0 121 Dam No. 39 531.7 547.8 do July 1940 25.9 26 6 7.0 7.9 2 0 2.2 103 186 do. January 1941. 7.4 3.9 11.0 12.7 2.3 3.5 540 87 do 6.4 10.8 2.4 187 Crooked Creek (upper light). Cliftv Creek (lower 559.5 561.0 29.0 26.1 8.5 7.9 2.6 2 2 94 do 1.260 do 3.4 12.5 3.4 199 light). Lower Hanover Land- ing. Jobson Landing Light... Louisville waterworks.. New Albany water- 562.6 do 29.0 8.3 2.1 218 do 3.3 12.5 3.5 60 576.1 600.0 608.5 27.3 29.0 28.4 8.3, 8.8 8.2 2.2 2.2 2.6 113 3 1 12. 6 3.2 108 44 2 6 12. 6 1.6 143 August 1940. 997 February 2.0 13.1 1.7 142 works. 1941. 1.8 258 610.0 614.0 28.8 28.3 8.2 8.1 2.3 2.6 3.220 3,480 2.1 13.0 Hughes Bar (upper light). 2.1 13.1 4.2 87 Steve Green Landing Light. 627.0 633.2 637.0 28.8 28.6 8.6 8.6 2.3 2.6 105 740 1. 2 129 2.5 141 1.6 13.0 3.2 153 Rock Haven (upper liehtl. 1.6 12.8 2.4 195 Falling Spring (lower 639.0 1.6 12.9 1.6 246 light). 218 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Summer low-water results Winter low-water results Winter high-water results Station Miles below Tem- pera- ture ’ ° C. Oxygen results, parts per million Poli- forms, most Tem- pera- ture ° C. Oxygen results, parts per million Con- forms, most Oxygen results, parts per million Con- forms, most prob- able num- ber per milli- liter Pitts- burgh Date Dis- . solved oxygen Bio- chem- ical oxygen de- mand prob- able num- ber per milli- liter Date Dis- solved oxygen Bio- chem- ical oxygen de- mand prob- able num- ber per milli- liter Date Tem- pera- ture ° C. Dis- solved oxygen Bio- chem- ical oxygon de- mand Dam No. 44 662.0 August 1940. 26.5 7.5 2.7 63 February 3.9 13.0 1.8 23 Indian Hollow Light... 665.0 do 27.2 7.5 2.4 73 1941. do 3.7 13.3 1.7 96 Dam No. 45 703.0 do. 27.2 7.3 2.3 90 do 3.7 13.1 1.5 16 Clovorport Light 711.0 do 26.8 7.0 2.1 78 do. 2.1 13.1 2.6 65 Hancock Bond Light... 722.7 do 27.0 6.8 2.0 78 do 2.1 13.1 3.0 14 Troy Hill Light 730.6 do 27.8 6.8 2.2 51 do. 2.2 13.1 3.3 96 Owensboro waterworks. 756. 5 do 25. 7 8.1 2.0 37 do.. 1.0 13.1 3.6 29 Larkin Ferry Light 760.0 do.. 25. 7 8.1 2.1 35 do. .5 13.4 1.1 16 Dam No. 47... 777.7 do 25.8 8.4 1.9 66 do.. . . 1.1 13.4 1.2 17 Kvansvillo waterworks. 791.0 do.. ... 25.9 8.3 2.1 22 do.. .8 13.4 ■ 1.7 16 Dutch Bend Light 797.7 do 26.5 8.3 17 106 do .8 13.4 1.3 9 Henderson waterworks. 803.0 do 26.5 8.2 1.7 199 do .8 13.4 1.1 9 Dam No. 48 809.0 do 26.4 8.3 1.9 356 do .8 13 3 1.1 24 Mount Vernon water- 829.1 September 23.2 9.0 2.1 19 do.- 2.3 13.6 3.7 6 works. Dam No. 49... 845.0 1940. do 24.0 9.1 1.7 29 do. 2.1 13.6 - 2.7 28 Browns Island Light... 852.0 do 24.1 9.2 2.0 19 do 2.0 13.9 2.8 8 Greens Crossing (upper 865.0 do 23.3 9.2 2.0 11. do 1.8 13.1 3.4 5 light). DoKoven Light 870.7 do 23.3 9.3 1.5 5 do 1.8 13.9 2.7 6 Dam No. 50 876.8 do 23.1 9.2 1.6 3 do 1.8 13.8 2.8 5 Rosiclaire 891.6 do 21.2 9.2 2.0 62 do 2.8 13.8 2.1 2 Golconda waterworks.. 902.5 do 21.5 9.3 1.8 4 March 1941 __ 2.7 13.8 2.7 1 Old Maids Crossing 918.0 do 21.1 9.3 1.8 3 do 3.1 13.8 2.2 1 Light. Ledbetter Lieht 927.3 do 21.7 9.3 1.8 2 do 3.2 13.7 2.1 1 Paducah waterworks... 934.3 do 22.4 8.5 1.6 4 do 6.3 13.1 2.1 3 Dam No 52 938.9 do 22.6 8.6 1.2 5 do 4.8 13.4 2.1 1 Dam No. 53.. 962.6 do 22 6 8.7 1.6 37 do 4.6 13.6 2.0 4 Cairo waterworks. 978.0 October 1940. 19.8 9.4 1.7 11 do .. 5.0 12.8 2.4 7 Cairo Point. 981.0 do 19.6 8.9 1.7 89 do 4.2 12.6 2.4 102 Table Oh-5.—Main Ohio River laboratory results—seasonal averages—Continued Fid, Oh-7 OHIO RIVER LABORATORY RESUTS SEASONAL AVERAGES AND DISTRIBUTION OF RESULTS Sewered Population Or Equivol«nt(B.CXD.) per mile. Sewered Population Or EquivalenttB.O.D.) per mile. Discharge on Sampling Days. Thousand Second Feet Thous and Second Feet Discharge on Sampling Days Pittsburgh Beaver R. Little BeaverR. Eost Liverpool Steubenville Wheeling - Morietto - Muskingum R. : Parkersburg Little Kanawha R. - Hocking R. - KonawhoR. - Guyondot R. ► Huntington t Big Sandy R * Ashland c Ironton r Portsmouth - Scioto R. = Little Miami R. B- Cincinnati - Licking R. * Miami R. * Kentucky River * Louisville * Salt R. - Owensboro *■ Green R. £ Evansville £ Henderson Wabash R. i Saline R. * TradewaterR. *■ Cumberland R. i Tennessee R ± Paducah £ Cairo Cities and Rivers (C) Winter HighWater Feb.-March-Apri 1-1940 C Winter HighWater Feb.-March-April-1940 COLI FORMS M.P.N. PER ML. OXYGEN R E SULTS P.P.M. COLI FORMS M.P.N. PER ML. OXYGEN RE SULTS PPM. ) 1.0 8.8 0) (‘) 4.4 (>) 11.7 (') 17.6 12.7 <0 (0 17.0 (') 17.8 12.8 8.5 CO (0 (0 1.6 0) (0 6.4 (0 2.7 <0 0) (0 (0 (0 2.1 <0 4.5 (') (0 2.6 3.8 11.5 4.8 6.5 (0 (0 22.8 (') 8.8 (0 3.2 (') 22.4 16.0 (0 1.3 0) (>) SeDtember November _ September January (1941) October September January (1941) December October November January (1941) May June July May June.. May June July August... May June February April. February March April February. February February March 1 Less than 1.0. * Composite samples. Fig.Oh-8 Fig.Oh-8 OHIO RIVER PITTSBURGH TO HUNTINGTON COLIFORM RESULTS (Face p.222) No. 1 GPO-43 0 - 90035 LEGEND Average Coliform Results at Sampling Stations Symbol Mo,! P,0,>ob,# ’ number per ml. Under 23 26- 50 5 I -IOO 101-200 Ovtr 200 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig.Oh-9 OHIO RIVER PITTSBURGH TO HUNTINGTON DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS (Pace p.222) No. 2 8fO -4J 0 - 90035 LEGEND Avorogo Dissolved Oxygsn Results of Sampling Stations Symbol Dissolved Oxygon p pm Ovor 6.5 5.1 to 6.5 3.1 to 5.0 O.t to 3.0 0.0 Fig.0n-9 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE I94J 31 10 O IT I o Fi g.Oh-IO OHIO RIVER PITTSBURGH TO HUNTINGTON BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (Face p.222) No. 3 GPO-43 0 -90035 LEGEND Average B. 0. D. Results at Sampling Stations Symbol D D m (Normal Samples) ¥ 0.0 to 3 0 3.1 to 5.0 Ovir 5.0 Acid Samples Ssstfsd a Neutralized OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE I9AJ Over 3.0 Fia. Oh - II DAM No.13 ( STA. — 96.0) BELOW WHEELING CO u 3 CO LU CC >- w gi QC O -J “2 < Q > *£ LU - >5 o: o x o RAPPS RUN LIGHT ( STA.-185.0) BELOW PARKERSBURG DAM No. 23 ( STA.- 231.5) MILLWOOD W.VA. EMSWORTH DAM (STA.-6.0) BELOW PITTSBURGH OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 (Face p.222) No i.4 QPO- 43 0 -10035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 223 Acid stream conditions were observed in the river above Marietta, Ohio, during the summer and fall months when volumes of discharge were low. A summary of the acid results is included in table Oh-7 A (p. 256). Acid doubtless influenced the laboratory results at times in the upper portion of the river. The effects of the highly acid Monon- gahela upon the Ohio immediately below its junction with the Alle- gheny are shown below. The extremely large decrease in coliforms and oxygen demand at Emsworth in October, as compared with No- vember and December, wThen the acid concentrations were lower, suggests the effect of acid upon the bacterial concentrations in the river. Station Miles from Point Bridge, Pitts- burgh** Discharge (cubic feet per second) pH Tem- pera- ture Quantity units 1 Flow time (hours) Dissolved oxygen Biochem- ical oxy- gen de- mand Con- forms October 1940 Allegheny 1.7 2,900 6.2 16.6 10.72 13. 33 1,690 Monongabela .5 2,710 4.0 18.6 11.38 5.69 181 Total 5,610 22.10 19.02 1,871 52.80 Emsworth .. 6.0 5, 460 5.6 16.3 21.80 6.00 66 39.03 Dashield 13.5 5,710 6.6 16.0 44.50 6.30 57 November 1940 Allegheny 1.7 10,600 7.0 9.6 110.00 28.60 4,820 Monongahela . .5 14,500 5.6 11.0 127.60 36.20 377 25,100 237.60 64.80 5,197 14.18 Emsworth .. 6.0 23, 660 6.2 9.0 244. 00 47.30 2, 510 11.96 Dashield... 13.5 23, 270 6.3 8.3 256.00 51.10 2,164 December 1940 Allegheny. 1.7 31,200 6.7 1.3 477.00 53.00 1,248 Monongahela... .5 21,800 6.3 4.0 257.00 45. 80 131 53,000 734. 00 98.80 1,379 6.26 Emsworth 6.0 51,350 6.7 4.4 755.00 92.40 10.680 5.83 Dashield 13.5 51,070 6.6 3.8 705.00 102.00 5, 362 ' Quantity units=concentrationXdischarge in thousand second-feet. The effects of phenol waste products upon the taste and odor problems of public water supplies are well known. Previous investi- gations have shown that tastes may be produced by phenols in excess of 1 part per billion and that waters containing more than 10 parts per billion are not suitable for public use. Also phenolic wastes, if highly concentrated, have a toxic effect upon the biological life in the stream and hence retard natural purification processes. A summary of all phenol determinations made on the main Ohio River is shown on table Oh-AB. Phenols in excess of 1 part per billion were observed 90035—44—pt. 2 6 224 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL in samples below East Liverpool, Steubenville, and Wheeling in the colder months of November-December 1940 and January 1941, and at Point Pleasant and Gallipolis Dam in February, March, and April 1940. Phenols of from 2 to 8 parts per billion were observed at dams 14, 15, 22, and 23 in May 1940. The results seem to indicate inter- mittent discharge of phenolic wastes. There is also some indication that temperature plays an important part in the persistence of these wastes in the stream, more rapid disappearance being observed during the warmer months. Oxygen conditions in the Pittsburgh-Huntington stretch of the Ohio River at the time of sampling were generally good, the large majority of samples having oxygen demands of less than 3 parts per million and dissolved oxygen contents of more than 6.5 parts per million. Coliform results on the other hand show a relatively high concentration, counts in excess of 200 per milliliter being recorded at times at all stations except the three just above Huntington. The heaviest pollution occurred below Pittsburgh, Wheeling, and Parkersburg. Evidence of natural purification was observed in the 53-mile section between dams 14 and 17 and in the 70 miles between dams 23 and 27. Reductions in number of coliform bacteria and in oxygen demand were noted in these stretches during the periods of sampling. The percentage of total number of samples showing less than 50 coliforms per milliliter increased from 51 to 84 percent between dams 13 and 17 and from 81 to 96 percent between dams 23 and 27. Seven major tributaries enter the Ohio between Pittsburgh and Huntington including the Allegheny and Monongaliela Rivers which join to form the Ohio. In order, proceeding downstream, the other streams are the Beaver, Muskingum, Little Kanawha, Hocking, and Kanawha Rivers. Comparing the results at stations above and below these tributaries little, if any, effect was noted on the Ohio at the time of sampling, except as noted above at the junction of the Allegheny and the Monongaliela. The findings of the laboratory survey of this section may be sum- marized briefly as follows: (1) Zones of pollution were observed in the Pittsburgh-Wheeling area and below Parkersburg. (2) Definite zones of recovery due to natural purification were ob- served between dams 14 and 17 and dams 23 and 27. (3) Acid conditions were found during low flows in the Ohio River as far downstream as dam 17. (4) Because of acid concentration, the measurable effect of sewage and organic industrial pollution below Pittsburgh and Wheeling was less than otherwise would be expected, although relatively high den- sities of coliform bacteria were observed at some points. (5) Relatively high concentrations of taste-producing phenols were observed at various points throughout the entire section, especially during the cooler months. Evidence of progressive diminution in these concentrations was noted during the warmer months. (6) With the exception of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers the sanitary quality of the water of the major tributary streams, at their mouths, was as good or better than that of the main stream and the inflow had little or no effect on the main stream during the time of the present investigation. The tributaries were more alkaline OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 225 than the Ohio River and tended to reduce the acidity or increase the alkalinity of the main stream. [HUNTINGTON TO CINCINNATI This section of the river is characterized by a succession of small cities in the 50-mile stretch from Huntington to Portsmouth and a relatively sparsely settled valley in the 100 miles between Portsmouth and Cincinnati. Three major tributaries enter the Ohio in this stretch, the Guyandot, the Big Sandy, and the Scioto. Ashland, Ironton, and Portsmouth take their water supplies from the river in the upper portion of this section and Cincinnati, Covington, and New- port from the extreme lower end. The major sanitary problem in the Huntington-Cincinnati area is one of high bacterial pollution affecting the quality of the raw water used for public supplies (see fig. Oh-7 and table Oh-5A). At dam 29 (mile 320 below Pittsburgh) 21 percent of the samples showed coliform counts in excess of 200 per milliliter and above Ironton (mile 326 below Pittsburgh) 26 percent of the samples were in this group during the sampling period of this survey. At dam 36 just above Cincinnati counts were over 200 per milliliter 6 percent of the time of sampling and were less than 50 per milliliter 77 percent of this time. The dissolved-oxygen results were generally good in this area with saturation values of 85 percent or higher at all sampling stations dur- ing most of the period of observation. The oxygen-demand averages were low, rarely exceeding 2.0 parts per million and usually being about 1.0 part per million, except during high-water periods when some in- creases were noted. The most significant indication regarding the high degree of bacterial pollution in the Huntington-Portsmouth area is the evidence that the pollution is largely of local origin. High-water results with increased velocities and shorter times of flow indicate only a moderate increase in coliform organisms above Huntington which might be attributed to upstream pollution. There is a tendency for the coliform counts to level off during the high-water period in passing through this district, with the average maximum occurring at dam 32 (see fig. Oh-7 and table Oh-5). This figure also indicates the reduction in coliform bacteria between dams 31 and 36 during low-water periods. There appears to be little recovery between dams 32 and 36 during the high-water period. Phenol determinations made during the period from February to April are summarized on table Oh-5B. Phenols in excess of 1 part per billion were present at all stations at some time during the sampling period. Maximum concentrations in excess of 20 parts per billion were recorded at dams 27, 28, 30, and 31. All of the important tributary streams in this section of the Ohio had relatively high coliform counts during the June to October period. The Guayandot and Big Sandy samples were undoubtedly influenced by sewage from Huntington and Catlettsburg. Inflow from the Scioto increased the alkalinity of the Ohio River markedly. Comparing the results of observations at stations immediately above and below tribu- tary streams, there do not appear to have been any marked changes in the sanitary quality of the Ohio River due to contributions of the tributaries during the period of sampling. 226 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL The observations in the Huntington-Cincinnati section of the river may be summarized briefly as follows: (1) The Huntington-Cincinnati section of the main Ohio River is characterized by a considerable amount' of pollution of local origin originating in the area from Huntington to Portsmouth. (2) A zone of self-purification existed in the river from Portsmouth to dam 36 during low-flow periods, which was not apparent during periods of high discharge. (3) Phenols were present in the area from dam 27 to dam 32 during the colder months of the year. (4) Tributaries entering this section were observed to have high coliform counts during the warmer months with lower concentrations in the cooler months of higher stream flow. The inflow of tributaries did not appear to cause any marked changes in the sanitary quality of the main stream. CINCINNATI TO LOUISVILLE This 118-mile section of the river receives a large amount of pollu- tion at its upper end from the Cincinnati metropolitan area, and addi- tional pollution from several minor sources between Cincinnati and Madison. In the 40-mile stretch between Madison and Louisville the river receives little or no pollution. Four major tributaries enter the Ohio River in this section, the Little Miami, Licking, Miami, and Kentucky Rivers. The Little Miami and Licking Rivers, receiving sewage from the Cincinnati area in their lower reaches, and the Miami River from upstream pollution, contributed appreciable pollution loads to the Ohio River. The Ken- tucky River appeared to be a relatively clean stream. The higher alkalinities of the Miami and Kentucky Rivers tended to increase somewhat the alkalinity of the main stream below their confluences. More extensive laboratory observations were made in the section from Cincinnati to dam 39, particularly in the Cincinnati pool, than in the lower end of this river section where observations were confined to three series of observations by mobile laboratory units in July- August and October 1940, and January-February 1941. For this reason the laboratory findings on these two parts of the river section are discussed separately. The effects of pollution from the Cincinnati area on the upper por- tion of this section of the river are indicated as follows: (1) Increases in maximum averages of coliform organisms ranging from about 2,000 to 60,000 per milliliter at times of low flows and from 100 to 400 per milliliter at times of high water. (2) Decreases in dissolved oxygen below the city to minimum monthly average values of 3.8 to 5.4 parts per million with individual samples approaching total depletion in September 1939. During the months of low water temperatures and in the summer months when river flows were high and open channel conditions existed, dissolved oxygen results in the Cincinnati area were satisfactory. (3) Oxygen demand averages usually less than 3 parts per million with some individual results above 6 parts per million. A shore line survey by the city of Cincinnati close to the many sewer outlets showed very high oxygen demand values in the immediate vicinity of these sources of pollution. LEGEND Av«rage Coliform Results at Sampling Stations Symbol Mosf Probob,« number per ml Uhder 29 26- 90 5 I -100 101-200 Over 200 (Face p.226) No. 1 GPO « 0 - 90035 Fig.Oh-12 OHIO RIVER HUNTINGTON TO LOUISVILLE COLIFORM RESULTS Fig. Oh-12 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig Oh-13 LE6EN0 Average Dissolved Oxygen Results at Sampling Stations. Symbol Dissolved Oxygen p pm Over 6 5 5.1 to 6 5 3.1 to 5.0 0 1 to 3 O 0.0 (Face p.226) No. 2 GP0-« 0-90035 Fig Oh-13 OHIO RIVER HUNTINGTON TO LOUISVILLE DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 . LEGEND Avorog* B. 0. D. Rtsults ot Somplin$ Stotioni Symbol ppm (Normal Sompltt) 0.0 to 3.0 3.1 to 5 0 0vor 5.0 (Face p. 220) No. 3 fiPO-43 0 - 30035 Fig. Oh -1A OHIO RIVER HUNTINGTON TO LOUISVILLE BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND Fig.Oh-14 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE I94J Fig. Oh-15 HUGHES BAR LIGHT STA.-6I4 BELOW LOUISVILLE CAIRO WATER WORKS STA.-978 LOUISVILLE WATER WORKS ST A-600 ABOVE LOUISVILLE OHIO RIVER LABORATORY RESULTS AT INDIVIDUAL STATIONS DAM No.28 ( STA.-3I2) BELOW HUNTINGTON DAM No. 37 ( ST A.- 483) BELOW CINCINNATI DAM No.36 ( STA.-46I ) ABOVE CINCINNATI OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 (Face p.226) No. 4 GPO - 43 0 - 90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 227 (4) Increases in dissolved oxygen to approximately 85 percent saturation and decreases in oxygen demand to between 2 and 3 parts per million occurred below dam 37 with natural purification much more marked in the summer low-flow period than during high water— low temperature conditions. During high flows coliform organisms reached their maximum at dam 38, moving upstream to Riverside below Mill Creek with higher water temperatures and lower flows. The following tabulation indicates the effect of stream flow and water temperatures on the location of the maximum concentration of coli- form organisms below Cincinnati: Number of months observed Average discharge range, thousand second-feet Percent of time maximum average coliform counts appeared at— Riverside (475) Dam 37 (483) Dam 38 (503) Dam 39 (532) 2__ 100.0 33.3 66.7 16.7 3_ ’ 15 to 30 66.7 33.3 3. 31 to 75 1 6_ _ 67.3 16.7 8.. Average temperature range ° C. Percent of time maximum average coliforms appeared at— Riverside Dam 37 Dam 38 Dam 39 25.0 66.7 12.5 33.3 50.0 12.5 6. 1 Pool stage ceases and open-channel conditions obtain at flows over approximately 60,000 cubic feet per second. In the section below dam 39 an increase in coliform concentration is indicated immediately below Madison, especially marked during the July and August study but less marked in October and January, dissolved oxygen saturation increased from dam 39 to Louisville in July with a slight depression at Madison and fairly high dissolved °xygen saturations were observed in October and January. Oxygen demand results varied from about 2 to 3.5 parts per million, being in excess of 3 parts per million more frequently in the cooler months. Nearly 60 percent of the samples at the Louisville waterworks intake Nad coliform counts in excess of 50 per milliliter. The heaviest zones of pollution in the lower river were found imme- diately below Louisville and in the Evansville-Henderson district smaller sources of pollution at Owensboro, Paducah, and Cairo, hive major tributaries enter the Ohio River in this section, the Salt, Green, Wabash, Cumberland, and Tennessee. At the time of sampling, oxygen conditions throughout the section Were good, even below the larger communities. Some depression in dissolved oxygen was noted in August and October 1940 below Louisville with recovery at dam 43, about 25 miles downstream. This depression was not noted in February 1941 despite a sharp in- crease in oxygen demand below Louisville which was probably due to the rapid rise in the river at this time (fig. Oh-7, Oh-15 and table LOUISVILLE TO MOUTH 228 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Oh-5). The dissolved oxygen remained near or above saturation throughout the remainder of the section. Oxygen demands were, for the most part, below 3 parts per million, even below Louisville, except during the period of observation in January, February, and March 1941 when disturbed flow conditions apparently brought about erratic results with averages approaching 5 parts per million. The coliform results reached their highest averages in the 10-mile stretch below Louisville in October 1940. Sharp increases also appeared below Owensboro in October, below Evansville in August and October, and below Cairo in all three observational periods. Figure Oh-7 and table Oh-5 show the relatively cleaner waters existing in the lower reaches of the river. All tributaries entering the section are in good sanitary condition at their mouths. Marked evidence of self-purification is indicated in the long, relatively unpolluted stretch between Louisville and Evansville, as measured both by oxygen demand and by coliform reductions. In the extreme lower portion of the river little evidence was observed of the heavy pollution loads placed upon the stream between Pitts- burgh and points within 200 miles of the mouth of the Ohio, thus showing the ability of the stream to cleanse itself by natural means of the successive loads of untreated wastes discharged to it. Except for the two areas below Louisville and Evansville, this section of the Ohio River was found to be relatively clean at the time of sampling. Biological summary.—The results of the bilogical survey of the Ohio River indicated— (1) The plankton population of the Ohio River was character- istically different from that of the tributaries. The Ohio supports large numbers of diatoms of genera not prominent in the tributaries. Modifying these conditions was the acidity of the upper river which resulted in closteriopsis, a form dominating the acid waters of the Monongahcla River, which extended its range downstream in the acid waters to Marietta, Ohio. (2) The plankton population of the main Ohio River was generally lower than that of the tributaries with the exception of the Green and Cumberland Rivers. Acid conditions in the upper river re- duced the volume of plankton considerably as far downstream as Marietta during the period of observation. A tendency toward a gradual increase in plankton was observed downstream from Mari- etta, with a slight peak below Cincinnati and indications of a peak below Louisville due to the increase in fertility below these cities. Hydrometric Data Although continuous, long-term records of gage heights are avail- able at many points along the Ohio River, reliable flow records are lacking. This is especially true of low flow data which are of par- ticular interest in this survey. At Pittsburgh since 1923, at Hunting- ton since 1934, and at Louisville since 1928 low flow records are fairly accurate. Prior to those dates the records are less trustworthy. Flows during 1930 were by far the lowest of dependable record at Pittsburgh and Louisville and 1939 was the second driest year, based on minimum monthly average flows. Table Oh-6 shows the flow at three stations during the driest summer months of record. (Face p.228) No. 1 fiPO- 43 0 - 90035 LEGEND Average Coliform Results at Sampling Stations Symbol ' number per ml. Fig.Oh-16 OHIO RIVER LOUISVILLE TO MOUTH COLIFORM RESULTS Under 29 26- 50 5 « -IOO 101-200 Over 200 Fig. Oh--t€ H10 RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 o o IX I (Face p.228) No. 2 GPO-43 0 -90035 LEGEND Avarago Dissolved Oxygon Rotulto ot Sampling Stations Symbol dissolved Oxygen p p.m Fig.Oh-17 OHIO RIVER LOUISVILLE TO MOUTH DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS Over I S 9.1 to 6.5 3.1 to 9.0 0.1 to 9.0 0 0 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY u. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 (Face p.228) No. 3 GPO-43 0 - 90035 LE6EN0 Avaroga B O O Raaultt • I Sampling Stotlana (».,!rKU.) *►* Fig.Oh -18 OHIO RIVER LOUISVILLE TO MOUTH BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND 0 0 la J O S.l la 5.0 Ovar 50 Fiq.0h-I8 Acid Stmplti S««d«d ft Neutral u«d OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 S.O p.pm or IMI over 5.0 p p m OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 229 Table Oh-6.—Main Ohio River: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred Location Pittsburgh, Pa. Hunting- ton, W. Va. Louisville, Ky. River miles above mouth of Ohio 981 19,100 1923-40 674 55, 200 1934-40 374 91. 200 1928-40 Drainage area, square miles Period of record... Year: 1930 1939 1930 June cubic feet per second.. July do August. do September -do 10,000 3.300 1.300 1,400 39,800 39.600 20, 400 7,840 25,300 8.000 4.900 6,000 Year: 1939 1936 1939 June cubic feet per second.. July do August do September. do 15,500 13,400 6,100 3.040 15,100 16,300 15,600 11,500 68,920 70,440 33,180 8,590 Year: 1929 1934 1932 June cubic feet per second.. 14,000 12,000 4,000 4,000 33,500 99,800 27,200 8,650 July do August do September. do 34,900 12, 700 A study of gage heights, precipitation records and tributary stream flow indicates that the 1930 flows were probably the lowest experienced in the Ohio River since about 1860. Low-flow regulation.—Reservoir sites on tributaries of the Ohio River have been studied by the United States Engineer Department in connection with the authorized program for flood control in the Ohio Basin. The possible use of these reservoirs for low-flow regula- tion has been considered and is discussed in reports on the various tributaries. The reservoirs on the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers and their tributaries above Pittsburgh would be of particular value to pollution abatement if operated for low-flow control. These reservoirs could aid in control of acid pollution as pointed out in the section of the report on acid mine drainage. Discussion From the data presented it is apparent that the most important effect of pollution reaching the Ohio River is the unduly heavy bacterial loadings placed on many of the 30 water purification plants along the stream. Effects of somewhat lesser importance are the taste and odor difficulties at the water plants, the general loss of recreational values, the occasional destruction of fish life and the nuisance conditions due to occasional oxygen depletion below the largest cities, and to scum, floating solids, and discoloration of the stream at these and many smaller places. Comparison 0/ results of various surveys.—No previous surveys of Ohio River tributaries comparable to the present one have been made. No laboratory data therefore are available from which to determine 230 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL pollution trends for any considerable portion of tlie watershed outside the main Ohio River. Investigations of limited portions of the main river were made in 1914-15, and in 1929-30 prior to the present study. Previous surveys covered longer periods of time but the main river sections studied were relatively short and represented only a small percentage of the 981 miles of river. The present survey has been more extensive in its scope, covering the entire watershed, but the analytical data collected at any one particular station have of necessity been limited. Lack of comparable data is therefore the greatest factor in pre- venting studies of past and present conditions along the river. Of considerable importance also is the difference in laboratory technique between the first and last survey, which to a considerable extent prevents comparisons between the oxygen demand results, indicative of the organic pollution load on the stream. Complicating the labor- atory procedures, both chemical and bacteriological, for examinations of water in the upper Ohio, are the presence and variation in concen- tration of acid. In many instances comparable sampling points are lacking. During the summer periods of pool stage with the navigation dams in operation, measurements of stream discharge are less accurate and the pools, acting as sedimentation basins, remove by deposition varying amounts of suspended matter, depending on the amount of flow through and the distribution of velocities in the pools. Many of these dams have been constructed since the earlier surveys and some in existence in 1914-15 have since been replaced, further com- plicating the comparison of the results of the various surveys. The most striking change in the river since the original survey, and one about which there can be no doubt, has been the increase in acid concentration in the upper Ohio River. Acid mine drainage, and to a lesser degree spent acid liquors from manufacturing processes, now affect the river as far down stream as the mouth of the Kanawha River (mile 266)2. On numerous occasions the water supply of Pomeroy, Ohio (mile 248)2, has been affected by acid in the river water. Water plants in the acid zone have experienced definite increases, not only in acid concentration but in the duration of the acid periods. During the 1914 survey, acid conditions were occasion- ally observed as far downstream as Wheeling, W. Va. (mile 90)2. If the increasing acid trend continues without abatement, it is be- lieved the main river as far downstream as the Scioto River (mile 356)2 may become acid occasionally. The records of raw water coliform examinations at some of the Ohio River water plants constitute the only continuous long-time records of the quality of Ohio River water. Changes in location of intakes and in laboratory methods make comparisons at some of the plants impossible. Monthly average raw water coliform results at the Cincinnati water plant from 1926 to 1941 are shown in figure Oh-19. These data are expressed in terms of the Phelps Index rather than as Most Probable Numbers (M. P. N.), since the early results were available only in this form. These data show that during every year since 1935 the annual average coliform counts have exceeded the safe * River miles below Pittsburgh. Fig. Oh- 19 COLI FORM RESULTS-OHIO RIVER AT CINCINNATI WATERWORKS 1926-1941 MONTHLY AVERAGE COLIFORMS PER 100 ML. ( GAS FORMERS) MONTHLY AVERAGE COLIFORMS PER IOO ML.( G AS FOR MERS) YEAR N OTE : .Indicates Average Yearly Coliform Results. Limiting Monthly Average Coliform Number For Satisfactory Treatment by ordinary Filtration Process. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1942 (Face p.230) GPO- 43 0 *0035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 231 average for treatment by ordinary filtration and chlorination. Addi- tional treatment and careful operation have made possible the pro- duction of drinking water of satisfactory bacterial quality, but the water is often unpalatable. A number of other water supplies from the river are much more heavily polluted. During the 25 years since the first survey of the pollution of the Ohio River the population of the basin, as a whole, has increased by about 22 percent and the population adjacent to the Ohio River by about 24 percent. A larger proportion of the population is served by sewers now than was in 1915, but progress in sewage treatment has been marked. Because the recently completed survey of sewered communities was more complete than that of the earlier survey, the figures shown below are not strictly comparable, but they probably represent the changes that have occurred within about 5 percent. Population 1914-15 survey Present survey Percent increase Entire Ohio Basin: Total 15,381,000 IS 824 000 22 Urban- 5,694,600 8’ 222 300 44 Served by sewers 4,106,600 8, 561! 200 108 To treatment plants 483,900 2,913,000 502 Untreated 3,622,700 5,618, 200 55 Ohio River and minor "tributaries: Total 3,308.900 4,091,100 2 709 100 24 Urban. . 2,062,900 31 Served by sewers 1,680, 500 1 2,822! 200 68 To treatment plants 27, 700 1 133.000 380 Untreated 1,652,800 > 2,689. 200 63 i These figures cover an area comparable with that of the 1914-15 survey which differs slightly from similarly named areas considered in this report. From these data it can be seen that the amount of waste material of human origin reaching the Ohio River and its tributaries has in- creased by 20 to 60 percent during the past 25 years. No comparable figures for changes in the industrial waste load are available. The factor that has probably been most influential in focusing at- tention on the pollution problem of the Ohio River Basin is the periodic taste in municipal water supplies. This is caused in part by certain microscopic organisms whose presence cannot be definitely attributed to pollution but which thrive best in water recovering from pollution and m part by chemical compounds discharged by such industries as byproduct coke plants, some chemical manufacturing plants, oil refineries, and wood-preserving plants. Although these industries existed in 1914, all of them have grown rapidly during the past 25 years and, in spite of recovery and treatment measures aimed at reducing or eliminating the discharge of taste-producing wastes conditions in general are probably worse today than in 1914. No analytical data are available to substantiate this, however. The increasing public consciousness of tastes and the increasing public demand for more palatable water add to the seriousness of the prob- lem. Improvement in water treatment processes has done much to- ward overcoming tastes, but practical considerations demand that further improvements be made at the sources of the trouble. The increase in acidity and in taste troubles in public water supplies have been the most perceptible changes in the quality of the Ohio 232 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL River during the past 25 years. Increased sewage and organic in- dustrial waste pollution has been less noticeable, due largely to the fact that the flow in the Ohio is sufficient to prevent grossly offensive conditions during a large part of the time. Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Compact.—One of the major factors hindering the progress of pollution abatement along the Ohio River is the lack of any governmental agency with adequate statutory power to carry on an effective program with respect to the stream. This is due largely to its interstate character. Except for its upper 40 miles, which are in Pennsylvania, the river forms State boundaries. West Virginia and Kentucky, a part of the original Thirteen States, claimed ownership of the river and as a result the State boundary is at the low water line on the right bank of the river. Thus Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois have no jurisdiction over the stream. Efforts at joint action by the agencies of the various States engaged in pollution abatement work in the Ohio Basin date from 1924 when a conference of State health commissioners was held to consider methods of eliminating or satisfactorily treating phenolic wastes which were causing tastes and odors in public water supplies. In that same year a cooperative agreement was entered into by the varous State health departments and through their concerted effort considerable progress was made in controlling phenolic waste. The agreement had no legal status and no progress was made in controlling sewage pollution or that resulting from other types of industrial wastes. In 1936 the Congress authorized 3 the negotiation of an interstate compact between the States of the Ohio River Basin. The compact was drafted, approved by the Congress,4 and ratified by the State legis- latures of Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, New York, Ohio (whose rati- fication becomes effective when New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia enter into the compact) and West Virginia (whose ratification becomes effective when New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia enter into the compact). It becomes effective upon ratification by five States and consequently requires either ratification by Pennsylvania or removal of the qualifications placed on their ratifications by Ohio and West Virginia. The principal provisions of the compact5 are—- Article 1: Each signatory State pledges cooperation in controlling and abating pollution and agrees to enact any necessary legislation. Article 2: Creates “Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation District” comprising all of the Ohio River Basin within the signatory States. Article 3: Creates “Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Com- mission.” Article 4: Commission to consist of three members from each State and three representing the Federal Government. Article 5: Commission to elect officers, may hire and discharge employees, establish offices, etc. Shall report annually to various State Governors on activities. Article 6: It is recognized by the signatory States that no single standard for the treat- ment of sewage or industrial wastes is applicable in all parts of the District due to such variable factors as size, flow, location, character, self-purification, and usage 3 Public Res. No. 104, 74th Cong., approved June 8, 1936. 4 Public, No. 739, 76th Cong., approved July 11, 1940. 3 Signed by compact commissioners for Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 233 of waters within the District. The guiding principle of this compact shall be that pollution by sewage or industrial wastes originating within a signatory State shall not injuriously affect the various uses of the interstate waters as "hereinbefore defined. All sewage from municipalities or other political subdivisions, public or private nstitutions, or corporations, discharged or permitted to flow into these portions of the Ohio River and its tributary waters which form boundaries between, or are contiguous to, two or more signatory States, or which flow from one signatory State into another signatory State, shall be so treated, within a time reasonable for the construction of the necessary works, as to provide for substantially com- plete removal of settleable solids, and the removal of not less than 45 percent of the total suspended solids: Provided, That in order to protect the public health or to preserve the waters for other legitimate purposes, including those specified in article 1, in specific instances such higher degree of treatment shall be used as may be determined to be necessary by the Commission after investigation, due notice, and hearing. All industrial wastes discharged or permitted to flow into the aforesaid waters shall be modified or treated, within a time reasonable for the construction of the necessary works, in order to protect the public health or to preserve the waters for other legitimate purposes, including those specified in article 1, to such degree as may be determined to be necessary by the Commission after investigation, due notice, and hearing. All sewage or industrial wastes discharged or permitted to flow into tributaries of the aforesaid waters situated wholly within one State shall be treated to that extent, if any, which may be necessary to maintain such waters in a sanitary and satisfactory condition at least equal to the condition of the waters of the inter- state stream immediately above the confluence. The Commission is hereby authorized to adopt, prescribe, and promulgate rules, regulations, and standards for administering and enforcing the provisions of this article. Article 7: Compact does not limit power of States to require higher degrees of treatment. Article 8: Commission shall conduct a survey of the district and make a comprehensive report; shall draft and recommend legislation to State Governors; shall consult with States, municipalities, indus- tries, etc., on pollution problems. Article 9: The Commission may from time to time, after investigation and after a hearing, issue an order or orders upon any municipality, corporation, person, or other entity discharging sewage or industrial waste into the Ohio River or any other river, stream, or water, any part of which constitutes any part of the boundary line between any two or more of the signatory States, or into any stream any part of which flows from any portion of one signatory State through any portion of another signatory State. Any such order or orders may prescribe the date on or before which such discharge shall be wholly or partially discontinued, modified or treated, or otherwise disposed of. The Commission shall give reasonable notice of the time and place of the hearing to the municipality, corporation, or other entity against which such order is proposed. No such order shall go into effect unless and until it receives the assent of at least a majority of the commissioners from each of not less than a majority of the signatory States; and no such order upon a municipality, corporation, person, or entity in any State shall go into effect unless and until it receives the assent of not less than a majority of the commissioners from such State. It shall be the duty of the municipality, corporation, person, or other entity to comply with any such order issued against it or him by the commission, and any court of general jurisdiction or any United States district court in any of the signatory States shall have the jurisdiction, by mandamus, injunction, specific performance, or other form of remedy, to enforce any such order against any municipality, corporation, or other entity domiciled or located within such State or whose discharge of the waste takes place within or adjoining such State, or against any employee, department, or subdivision of such municipality, corpora- tion, person, or other entity: Provided, however, Such court may review the order and affirm, reverse, or modify the same upon any of the grounds customarily applicable in proceedings for court review of administrative decisions. The 234 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Commission or, at its request, the Attorney General or other law-enforcing official, shall have power to institute in such court any action for the enforcement of such order. Article 10: States agree to appropriate their proportion of Commis- sion budget prorated one-half in proportion to population and one-half in proportion to land area within the district. Article 11: Compact to become effective when ratified by legis- latures of majority of States and approved by Congress. Desirable degree of treatment.—General application of the compact minimum requirement of substantially complete removal of all settle- able solids and removal of at least 45 percent of the suspended solids from all sewage and industrial wastes discharged directly to the Ohio River should be ample to prevent serious oxygen depletion at any place on the Ohio River except Cincinnati under present conditions of waste loads and stream flow. Even in the Cincinnati area conditions would be satisfactory except during periods of extremely low flow. A marked reduction in the acidity of the Ohio River at Pittsburgh would greatly increase the effects of organic pollution and necessitate a higher degree of treatment unless the stream flow during the warm weather months was increased appreciably. At these two places designs for the larger plants should include provisions for more than primary treatment, probably by the addition of coagulants. At all of the larger municipalities and at any of the smaller ones whose sewage would appreciably affect downstream water intakes, contin- uous chlorination of the treatment plant effluents should be provided for the reduction of bacterial pollution. At places where wastes are being discharged to tributary streams near their junction with the Ohio River, more complete treatment may be necessary to correct local conditions unless the outfalls are extended to the Ohio River. Low-flow control by means of flood control and multiple-purpose reservoirs in the area above Pittsburgh and Cincinnati might eliminate the need for more than primary treatment of sewage and equivalent treatment of organic industrial wastes at these places. The flow required at Pittsburgh to accomplish this (assuming an effective acid- control program) has been estimated at 8,000 cubic feet per second during the warm summer months (25° C. or 77° F. average monthly air temperature) and progressively lesser flows as temperatures de- crease. The savings in costs resulting from the use of primary treatment rather than the higher degree of treatment using chemical coagulants is estimated at $300,000 per year at Pittsburgh and an additional $300,000 per year at Cincinnati. Studies by the United States Engineer Department indicate that such flows could be maintained except during such an extremely dry year as 1930 by using existing reservoirs and additional ones above Pittsburgh authorized by the Congress for low-flow control in conjunc- tion with their major purpose of flood control. At Cincinnati, a considerably smaller increase in flow would insure satisfactory condi- tions with only primary treatment. Existing reservoirs, together with those above Pittsburgh, could provide this increased flow. The bulk of the organic industrial wastes should be treated at municipal plants. In general, removal of settleable solids as required by article 6 of the compact should assure adequate industrial waste treatment except at oil refineries, byproduct coke plants, and a few OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 235 other plants where particular attention should be given to those components likely to cause tastes and odors in public water supplies. At plants such as steel mills, acid wastes should be neutralized during periods when their contribution to the acid load on the stream is significant. However, as mine drainage contributes by far the greater acid load, acid mine control by sealing should be well advanced before even part-time neutralization of pickle liquor is justified. The larger cities along the Ohio River are aware of the necessity of sewage treatment and many of them have made sti dies to determine how they can most economically collect and treat their wastes. Consulting engineers have recently prepared preliminary plans and estimates for Cincinnati and Louisville. Pittsburgh, Evansville, Wheeling, and Huntington had previously studied their sewerage problems. Pittsburgh.—The problem of waste treatment in the Pittsburgh district is highly complicated and cannot be effectively solved by the city alone. Some kind of authority or sanitary district comprising the greater part of Allegheny County is almost essential to an econom- ical and thorough pollution abatement program in this area. The county contains 125 cities, boroughs, and townships, many of which necessarily use joint sewers. The intensive development of the narrow stream valleys limits the number of available sites for sewage treat- ment plants. The report of the General Committee on Sewage of the Municipalities of Allegheny County, prepared in 1939, outlines a plan for 19 treatment plants on the lower Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers, the Ohio River and two smaller streams, Turtle Creek and Chartiers Creek. Much more detailed investigation of alternate plans is necessary before any final decision can be made as to the best plan. The largest plant in any case will almost certainly be at a site on Brunots Island where most or all of the sewage from the city of Pittsburgh, as well as from a number of adjoining boroughs and town- ships, would be treated. Interceptor costs will be high since most construction will be in rock and a considerable part of it will be in tunnel. The estimated cost of interceptors and 19 primary treatment plants in the committee report is $35,900,000. These would serve most of Allegheny County. Costs as summarized in table Oh-1 include only those plants on the Ohio River in the Pittsburgh area. The costs of other plants in the metropolitan area are included in summaries of costs in the Allegheny and Monongahela Basins. Cincinnati.—Comprehensive studies of the pollution problem of Cincinnati and its suburbs in Ohio have been made and preliminary plans and estimates have been prepared. Cincinnati has made more progress toward solution of its pollution problem than any other large Ohio River city. Plans call for the ultimate construction of 4 plants which would treat the wastes of the city and 17 incorpo- rated suburbs as well as a large unincorporated area in Hamilton County. The first plant to be constructed would treat the wastes How entering the Little Miami near its mouth and the Ohio in the upper part of the city. These wastes may affect the water supplies of Cincinnati, Covington, and Newport which are taken from the Ohio within a mile upstream from the mouth of the Little Miami. Interceptors for this plant are almost complete. The proposed plant Will have a capacity of about 25 million gallons per day and will 236 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL provide primary treatment and chlorination with provisions for later additions to increase its capacity and to provide more complete treatment. The largest plant of the four would be located in Mill Creek Valley a short distance from the Ohio River. Its capacity would be about 108 million gallons per day. It would treat most of the sewage from Cincinnati and its suburbs and, in addition, large amounts of industrial wastes which make the combined wastes about twice as strong as normal municipal sewage. The plant as planned would provide primary treatment and chlorination with provisions for increases in capacity and in degree of treatment. The other two plants would be much smaller with a total capacity of about 5 million gallons per day. They would serve the lower end of the city and adjoining areas in the county. They would provide the same degree of treatment as the larger plants and their construction would be deferred until the larger plants were completed. The total capital cost of the entire program is estimated at about $19,000,000. Little progress has been made toward pollution abatement in the Kentucky communities across the river from Cincinnati. A number of the smaller communities which drain to small wet-weather streams have installed treatment plants, but the bulk of wastes still enters the Ohio and Licking Rivers untreated. Cooperative effort seems necessary to any economical program of waste treatment, but numerous attempts to form special districts for such work have failed. Louisville.—The recently completed consulting engineers’ report on sewage treatment for Louisville proposes a single primary treatment plant to serve the city and some of its suburbs. A large industrial waste load would be treated with the domestic sewage. The plant would have a capacity of about 73 million gallons per day. The estimated capital cost for interceptors and treatment is about $6,000,000. The report suggests operation only during low-flow periods. No provision is made for chlorination of the effluent. Because of the short sedimentation period provided (1 hour at average design flow) and part-time operation, such a plant would not meet the minimum requirements in article 6 of the compact, nor would it provide adequate protection to the New Albany, Ind., water supply. If provisions for chlorination were added and the plant operated continuously it should effectively reduce bacterial pollution below Louisville. These three large metropolitan areas are the key ones in a program for abatement of pollution in the Ohio River. Although the need for sewage treatment is equally acute at many other communities along the upper Ohio, at Huntington, Ashland, and other places where bacterial pollution is affecting downstream public water supplies, it is proper for the larger places to take the lead. Cost.—The cost of a suggested program providing for primary treatment of all wastes entering the Ohio is summarized in table Oh-1. This suggested program is based on the assumption that low-flow control will make more complete treatment at Pittsburgh and Cincinnati unnecessary. An estimate of the comparative cost of a program for complete treatment of all wastes is included in table Oh-1. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 237 Sampling point Mileage from Pittsburgh Period Number of samples Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tempera- ture 0 C. Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coliforms most probable number, per milliliter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Ohio River, Emswortb Dam. Do. }o 6 October 1940.. 11 5,460 23,660 51,350 47,750 5,710 23,270 16.3 4.0 / 1.1 \ >1.6 / 2.0 i >1.8 1.8 ) 12 5.6 8 7 J do November1940. 9 9.0 10.3 J ) 106 6.2 16 15 Do do. Decemberl940. 11 4.4 14.7 J 208 6.7 37 13 Do do_ 7 2.5 13.9 2. 2 40 6.1 26 10 O 13.5 . 11 16.0 7.8 / i-i I 10 6.6 7 8 Do do. 9 8.3 11.0 l 1 1.4 f 2.2 \ 1 1.6 2.0 J } 93 6.3 18 13 Do.... do Decemberl940. 11 51,070 3.8 13.8 J 105 6.6 41 11 Do. do. ... March 1941 7 47,140 2.3 12.9 1.9 38 6.0 25 7 0 25.4 (1.4 miles above mouth of Beaver River).. do.. October 1940 11 '633 15.2 8.3 2.6 802 6.2 13 33 Do.. Novemberl940 8 1,797 6,228 6,100 24,990 60,180 53,510 6,110 24,330 61,900 8.6 11.0 1.8 141 6.5 25 40 Do.... do 11 4.8 12.5 2. 7 380 6.7 54 30 Montgomery Dam.. . . O 31.7 October 1940 11 16.0 8.3 { 1 Ll 1.6 ) 20 5.6 7 8 Do do_ November 1940 9 8.8 11.0 J 58 6.2 16 15 Do do_ 9 3.1 13.8 2.0 102 6.5 39 15 Do do March 1941. .. 7 2.4 13.3 2.0 43 6.0 32 9 Lock and dam No. 7 O 36.5 October 1940 . 11 16.0 10.0 f 1.0 1 ‘1.1 f 1.5 l >1.4 2. 1 ) 27 5.7 6 9 Do. do November 1940 9 8.8 12.2 J 1 47 6.3 19 14 Do. do.. Deeemberl940. 10 3.3 14.1 103 6.5 50 12 Lock and dam No. 8.. O 46.4 October 1940.. 12 6,530 24,580 64.610 15.8 9.8 / .9 l > 1.0 / 1.6 \ > 1.2 / 2.2 l 1 1.7 2.4 ) 47 5.6 4 7 Do do. Novemberl940_ 9 8.8 11.8 j } 43 6.2 21 14 Do.... do Decemberl940. 9 3.8 13.8 } 99 6.4 59 12 Do.... do._ March 1941 6 53,320 6,510 24,430 64,650 2.7 13.7 68 6.0 31 9 O 56.1. October 1940.. 12 15.3 9.7 1 31 5.5 3 9 Do do. Novemberl940. 9 8.8 11.6 l 1 1-1 f 1.7 1 >»1.4 2.3 I / 1 35 6.2 17 14 Do.. . do_ Decern berl940. 10 3.7 13.7 98 6.4 58 13 1 Seeded and neutralized. 1 Only 2 results. Table Oh-7.—Main Ohio River: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages 238 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from Pittsburgh Period Number of samples Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tempera- ture ° C. Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coliforms most probable number, per milliliter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Lock and dam No. 10 0 66 October 1940. 12 6,500 16.3 9.4 f 1.2 | 30 5 4 Do do__ Novemberl940. 10 23,160 9.1 11.5 \ 1 1.5 / 1.8 | 9Q 6 2 Do do. 12 59, 430 4. 5 13 5 \ **1.6 1 9 97 Do March 1941 ... 6 54,080 2.2 13 5 2.1 30 Lock and dam No. 11 O 77 October 1940. _ 12 6,480 16.3 8.3 / 1.8 \ 61 5 3 Do do Novemberl940 10 22,920 9.3 11. 4 \ 1 2.8 / !-7 i | 9.6 Do do Decemberl940. 12 60,160 4.3 13 5 \ * 2 2.0 2 2 76 Do.. do March 1941 6 54’ 480 2. 5 13. 5 1 8 22 Lock and dam No. 12 O 87.5.. October 1940. _ 12 6,540 15.7 8. 6 / 1.3 \ 10 5 3 Do.... do Novemberl940. 10 22,680 ‘ 9.5 11.3 \ 1 1.6 J 1.6 / u | 99 6 3 Do do__ 12 60,910 4.7 13.1 \ * 2 2. 0 2 1 94 Lock and dam No. 13 O 96 October 1940.. 12 6,450 15.6 8.9 / 1.5 \ 43 5 3 Do 10 22,490 8.9 11 2 \ 1 2.1 / 1.5 | so Do 12 61.520 4.8 13 0 \ * 2 2.0 2. 2 Do do 6 55,260 2. 2 13 2 2 7 18 Lock and dam No. 14 O 114 May 1940 12 050 15.9 9.7 1 1 H 5 3 20 Do 10 41, 510 22. 0 8. 2 1 2 435 6 8 Do 10 19,630 24. 4 8.0 . 8 33 6 6 Do 11 10, 450 25.1 7.4 / \ 15 4 9 Do 5 9,740 21.7 8.6 :I 4 6 Do 6 51,780 2.4 13 4 l l-9 2 0 J U 33 39 15 Do February 1941. 2 30’ 120 2.2 13. 2 1. 4 34 6 5 Do 9 55, 860 3. 2 13 4 2. 0 16 Lock and dam No. 15 0 129 May 1940 12 40. 400 15. 5 9.7 1.0 7 4 0 Do June 1940 10 43.470 22. 2 8 3 1 1 81 6 8 Do July 1940 . 10 20, 210 24. 7 8 3 9 44 Do August 1940 .. 11 11,000 25.1 7.7 J i.o \ 03 Do 5 9 700 21 8 8 6 l *-8 / A j Do January 1941.. 6 55,000 2.3 13.8 X ‘-8 1.8 j u 17 6.4 39 13 Table Oh-7.— Main Ohio River: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 239 do 2 2.8. 950 2.0 13. 2 1.3 16 1 6.6 1 26 / 14 1 Do do _ . 9 57. 960 2. 9 13.6 1.8 21 6.5 44 11 0 146.5 12 41.930 16.6 9.7 1.0 7 5.3 32 7 Do June 1940 10 45, 060 22.2 8.2 1.0 57 6.8 63 16 Do July 1940 10 20,880 24.2 8.4 1.0 28 6.7 35 18 Do August 1940.,. 11 11,640 25.2 7.7 / 11 1 23 5.6 26 14 Do September 1940_ 5 9,660 21.9 8.8 1 -9 J \ 4 4.8 6 4 Do January 1941,. 6 58, 520 2.5 13.8 l '-9 1.9 J 18 6.4 37 12 Do February 1941- 2 27,600 2.1 13.6 1.2 20 6.6 22 14 Do March 1941 9 60,070 3.3 13.6 1.7 11 6.4 43 11 0 167.5 May 1940 11 42, 240 16.0 9.6 1.0 4 5.2 39 7 Do June 1940 10 45, 880 22.2 8. 1 1.6 122 6.6 135 16 Do July 1940 9 21,890 24.9 8.3 1.4 75 7.0 63 22 Do August 1940. _ 11 12,800 26.4 7.6 { '9 } 26 6.2 44 12 Do September 1940. 5 11,200 22.4 8.8 V } 3 5.1 8 6 Do January 1941. 7 53, 460 1.6 13.8 l • » 2.0 13 6.3 33 12 Do February 1941. 2 29, 440 1. 5 13.6 1.3 8 6. 5 19 14 Do March 1941 9 61, 480 2.2 13.4 1.8 15 6.4 46 10 Muskingum River, mouth, 0 172.2 (0.2 mile above May 1940 11 9, V84 16.0 9.7 1.8 14 7.3 66 85 dam No. 1. mouth of Muskingum River). Do June 1940. 10 11.982 22.2 8.6 1.6 156 7.5 240 80 Do July 1940 9 5,689 25.5 8.2 1.9 28 7.6 56 100 Do August 1940 11 2,050 26. 4 7. 5 2.0 13 7.6 59 102 Do September 1940. 5 3.360 21. 5 8.3 1.3 12 6.7 46 80 Do January 1941. 8,620 1.6 14.1 1.4 107 7.4 36 84 Do 2 10, 510 1.2 13.9 1. 1 122 7.5 38 76 Do March 1941. 8 7,996 2.3 13.6 1.3 49 7.6 47 84 0 173.5 10 43,610 16.1 9.9 1.1 14 6.6 56 22 Marietta and Muskingum Rivers. Do June 1940 10 64, 300 22.1 8.3 1.5 112 7. 2 137 39 Do July 1940 10 31.440 25.4 8.4 1.4 44 7.2 45 49 Do August 1940 -. 10 15.000 26.6 7.7 1.4 123 7.1 45 41 Do September 1940. 6 16,230 22.3 8.7 1.1 24 6.5 23 26 Do January 1941 _ 6 63, 400 1.6 13.8 1.8 34 6.8 58 38 Do February 1941. 3 42,800 1.6 13.8 1.3 27 7.1 30 44 Do March 1941 8 65, 400 2.5 13.5 1.6 20 6.8 51 24 O 180 May 1940 . .. 9 41, 530 16.4 9.7 1. 1 7 6.6 45 22 Do June 1940 10 64, 300 22.0 8.2 1.5 76 7. 1 137 42 Do July 1940.. .. 10 31, 440 25.3 8.3 1.6 30 7.2 45 49 Do August 1940... 11 15,000 26.3 7.7 1.6 78 7 1 54 41 Do September 6 16,230 22.2 8.6 1.3 32 6.5 19 32 1940. Do January 1941.. 0 63, 400 1.6 13.9 1.5 23 6.8 41 37 Do February 1941. 3 42, 800 1.6 13.8 1.3 31 7.0 28 42 Do March 1941 8 65. 400 2.4 13.4 1.7 20 6.9 48 34 1 Seeded and neutralized. 3 Only 2 results. 3 Less than 1. 90035—44—pt. 2 7 240 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from Pittsburgh Period Number of samples Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tempera- ture ° O. Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coliforms most probable number, per milliliter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Congress Landing. above 0 183 May 1940 9 41, 530 16.1 9.7 1.1 8 6.6 46 21 Parkersburg, W. Va., and Little Kanawlia River. Do June 1940 10 04. 300 21.8 8.2 1.4 79 7.0 122 33 Do July 1940 10 31,440 25.0 8.3 1. 4 58 7.1 42 37 Do August 1940.. 11 15,000 26; 0 7.6 1.5 66 7.0 47 32 Do do.__ September 2 18, 810 23.5 8.2 2.8 41 6.6 34 33 1940. Do January 1941.. 6 63,400 1.5 13.8 1.5 14 6.7 42 26 Do .. February 1941. 3 42,800 1.5 13.8 1 2 23 6.9 27 30 Do ... March 1941 . 8 65, 4C0 2.4 13.4 1.7 22 6.7 49 20 May 1940 9 930 16.7 7.8 2.9 1,750 6.7 25 24 Baltimore & Ohio R. R. mouth of Little Kan- bridge. awha River). Do June 1940 10 4,846 21.3 7.6 1.7 1.280 7.1 289 25 Do July 1940 10 1,988 25.0 5.6 2.2 1,040 7.0 61 30 Do August 1940. . 11 6,711 25.7 2.2 2.7 2,720 7.0 105 28 Do ... January 1941.. 6 4,918 2.2 12.4 2.2 185 6.9 98 22 Do .... February 1941. 3 1,293 1.8 13.3 2.1 23 6.8 25 17 Do ... . March 1941 8 4,714 2.6 13.0 2.3 57 6.9 109 19 O 18.5 .. May 1940 9 42, 460 16.0 9.6 1.2 23 6.6 39 19 ‘Do June 1940 10 69,140 21.9 8.1 1.7 103 6.9 120 33 Do. .. July 1940.. ... 10 33, 430 24.9 8.1 1.6 70 7. 1 50 37 Do August 1940-.. 11 15, 680 26.0 7.5 2.2 210 7.0 49 34 Do .. September 2 19,200 23.5 8.2 2.2 53 6.7 38 33 1940. Do . January 1941 . 0 68,320 1.5 13.8 1.8 49 6.7 44 22 Do .. February 1941. 3 44.090 1.8 13.8 1.4 33 6,8 30 31 Do ... March 1941 8 70,080 2.3 13.4 1.9 29 6.7 48 22 0 192. . May 1940 10 42, 400 10.8 9.7 1.4 59 6.7 41 22 Do June 1940 10 70,190 22.8 8.0 1.8 119 7. 1 32 Do July 1940. 12 33,840 25. 1 8. 2 2.0 72 7.3 65 38 Do August 1940... 11 16, 700 26.4 7.4 1.6 88 7.1 49 34 Do.... September 0 17,300 22. 5 8.3 1.4 39 6.5 17 23 1940. Do January 1941. 6 73, 600 2.7 13.6 2.0 22 6.8 64 26 Do ... February 1941. 3 44,920 2.0 13.8 1.4 42 6.9 32 29 Do do March 1941 7 68,030 5.2 13.3 1.6 26 6.8 70 19 Table Oh-7.—Main Ohio River: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 241 Hocking River, mouth, O 199.3 (0.1 mile above 1 May 1940 4 611 18.4 8.9 1.0 24 7.2 12 1 78 Hockingport. Do mouth of Hocking River). June 1940 4 1,214 490 23.4* 7.8 1.3 133 7.3 120 64 Do July 1940. 5 25.7 7.6 1.7 68 7.4 98 79 Do August 1940... September 4 632 25.4 7.6 2.1 124 7.4 92 98 Do 2 1,474 43,130 20.8 8.3 1.2 24 6.9 20 84 O 909 a 1940. 10 16.8 9.8 1.6 25 6.7 40 23 Do June 1940 10 71, 580 34,270 22.2 8.0 1.0 120 7.1 145 31 Do July 1940 12 24.8 8.2 1.7 62 7.2 69 38 Do August 1940-.. 11 18, 530 26.0 7.6 2.0 210 7.2 61 33 Do September 6 18,360 21.9 8.6 1.6 15 6.6 15 24 Do 1940. 6 75, 380 2.3 13.6 2.2 36 6.8 79 26 Do February 1941. 3 47,030 2.1 13.8 1.6 34 7.0 33 32 Do March 1941 71, 380 2.4 13.3 1.9 34 6.7 99 17 O 914 fi 10 43,150 15.8 9.6 1.4 11 6.7 37 24 Do June 1940 10 71,760 21.9 7.9 1.8 188 7.1 194 32 Do July 1940 12 34, 600 24.3 8. 1 1.5 42 7.2 57 39 Do August 1940-.- 11 19, 650 26.0 7.6 1.6 19 7.2 41 33 Do September 6 19,290 21.5 8.6 1.5 28 6.6 18 26 Do do 1940. January 1941.. February 1941. 6 73, 560 2.2 13.1 3.8 33 6.9 54 28 Do do - 3 48,290 70, 650 2.1 13.6 1.4 41 7.0 32 31 Do 8 2.9 13.3 2. 2 26 6.7 64 19 O 221 10 43,140 15.7 9.7 1.4 11 6.7 26 23 Do June 1940 10 72,020 21.3 7.7 1.7 115 7.0 194 31 Do July 1940 11 32, 970 23.8 8.0 1.4 29 7.2 57 39 Do August 1940... September 11 20, 300 25.6 7.7 1.7 17 7.2 34 33 Do do 6 19,780 75, 310 20.9 8.5 1.5 17 6.6 22 24 Do 1940. 6 2.2 13.6 1.8 37 6.8 49 27 Do do February 1941. 3 47, 460 2.8 13.4 1.6 35 7.0 34 31 Do March 1941 8 70.490 42,960 3.7 13.2 2.0 22 6.7 85 18 O 231 5 8 10 16.3 9.8 1.2 8 6.6 30 24 Do 72,200 22.1 7.7 1.7 102 6.9 196 31 Do July 1940 12 34, 960 24.4 8.1 1.3 24 7.2 60 36 Do August 1940... September 11 21,350 20, 620 26.4 7.9 1.7 22 7.2 31 32 Do .6 21.7 8.7 1.9 15 6.6 24 26 Do 1940. January 1941 . 6 72, 690 2.3 13.6 2.0 30 6.8 43 28 Do 3 48, 860 2.0 13.8 1.5 19 7.0 40 31 Do March 1*941 . 8 71,000 3.9 13.2 2.0 18 6.7 63 19 Point Pleasant, W. Va., O 265. August 1939... 6 12, 600 25.8 6.4 1.7 27 7.3 26 38 above Kanawha River. Do Septem ber 4,600 24.0 6.7 .8 9 7.5 4 45 Do 1939. October 1939 . 9 11,100 ' 17.1 8.4 .8 11 7.4 9 32 Do do November 8 n; ooo 22,900 7.8 11.2 1.0 7 7.0 13 29 Do 1939. 7 4.9 12.2 .9 22 6.9 8 23 Do . ... do _ January 1940 1 9, 430 2.5 13.5 1. 2 2 7.1 9 20 Do do - February 1940. 5 109,200 2.4 12.8 2.7 29 6.9 29 242 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from Pittsburgh Period Number of samples Average discharge* cubic feet per second Tempera- ture ° Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coliforms most probable number, per milliliter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million 0 265 March 1940 7 99,500 5.3 12.8 1.9 36 6.9 155 28 above Kanawha River. Do do April 1940-_ — 4 199, 400 8.3 10.9 2.2 24 6.8 161 21 Kanawha River, mouth 0 265.7 (0.6 mile above August 1939-.- 6 4,100 25.8 5. 2 1.6 5 7.3 14 39 mouth of Kanawha River). * Do. September 1939. 7 1.800 24.1 6.1 .8 1 7. 5 6 50 Do. _ do__ October 1939.. 9 1,600 17.9 7.3 .7 3 7. 5 46 Do . . November 1939. 8 1,900 7.9 8.5 .9 2 7.2 8 57 Do do December 1939- 2, 500 5.0 6.9 1 2 1 7.1 6 64 Do - . January 1940 — 5 2,300 1.9 9.8 2.5 1 7.0 45 54 Do February 1940- 5 20, 200 2.4 12.7 2.1 52 7.0 142 26 Do do. March 1940 7 17, 480 5.3 11.5 1.5 34 7.0 62 28 Do do April 1940 4 28, 420 8.8 9.9 1.6 150 6.9 82 23 O 279 June 1939 2 39,500 26.8 5.9 1.6 38 7.3 83 31 Do July 1939 7 37, 800 25.3 6.4 1.2 23 7.3 77 40 Do do Aueust 1639 10 18. 300 25.4 6.2 1.1 11 7.3 33 35 Do September 1939. 6 6,700 23.8 6.4 .8 2 7.5 7 47 Do do October 1939 . 9 12.900 17.6 7.9 .6 5 7.5 8 38 Do do November 1939 7 13,100 8.0 10.8 1.0 5 7.2 ii 33 Do December 1939- 7 26,100 5.3 ll.fi .9 14 7.1 7 28 Do January 1940.. 1 12.000 .8 1.4 2 7. 2 9 37 Do February 1940- 4 126, 800 2.0 13.1 2.2 22 6.9 175 28 Do do March 1940. 6 95.000 4. 2 12.8 1.6 21 6.9 66 29 Do do April 1940 4 228, 300 7.8 10.8 2.2 24 6.8 157 20 O 301.- June 1939 2 38, 700 26.5 7.0 1.9 24 7.3 105 33 Guyandot River. Do July 1939 7 38,100 26.5 7.2 1.5 31 7.3 95 40 Do, - August 1939 .- 10 19, 900 26.4 7.3 1.6 14 7.3 38 33 Do -_ September 1939. 7 8,200 24.7 7.8 .8 1 7.5 5 48 Do October 1939.. 9 14,200 18.4 8.9 .8 2 7.5 8 37 Do do. November 1939. 7 14,500 9.7 11.6 1.4 4 7.2 11 32 Do do. December 1939. 6 29, 500 6.5 12.2 1.3 9 7.0 8 29 Do. do January 1940 . 2 37,600 1.0 13.6 1.3 23 6.9 16 26 Do February 1940. 6 115, 400 2.5 13.1 2.5 33 6.9 156 29 Do...- do. March 1940. - 7 128,100 4.2 12.6 2.1 36 6.9 140 30 Do do - April 1940 4 232,800 8.1 10.7 3.8 29 6.8 149 22 Table Oh-7.—Main Ohio River: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 243 Guyandot River, mouth, Cabell County highway bridge. Do 0 305.2 (0.1 mile above mouth of Guyandot River). June 1939 2 4 4 5 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 7 10 7 9 8 7 3 4 7 4 • 11 10 1,010 1,455 345 60 41 52 107 3,868 1,435 2,958 39,300 39, 500 20.900 9,000 14, 900 15,100 31,400 38.900 48,500 125, 700 244,200 39,200 39, 300 25.8 25.3 25.8 23.6 17.6 8.8 4.4 4.0 6.5 11.5 27.0 26.3 26.5 24.5 17.9 9.0 5.9 .9 2.5 4.1 8.5 25.6 25.8 6.8 7.1 6.6 4.9 5.3 9.5 10.8 12.3 11.7 10.2 6.9 7.3 7.4 7.3 8.7 11.5 12.2 13.8 13.7 12.6 10.7 7.7 7 6 1.1 1.1 1.1 2.4 4.0 7.4 3.9 1.1 .8 .7 2.6 1.9 1.4 1.0 .9 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.0 2.2 1.9 1 1 350 2,950 380 4,600 3,060 3,280 550 236 34 93 31 111 241 660 142 31 9 6 18 72 43 130 177 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.2 7.5 7.1 7.2 7.0 6.9 6.6 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.9 7.0 6.8 7.3 405 286 90 15 16 18 10 66 29 20 76 108 48 6 7 1L 8 14 78 152 145 50 20 23 36 52 48 48 59 17 19 17 32 41 33 45 40 32 29 27 31 28 20 33 Julv 1939 Do. August 1939... September 1939. October 1939 . November 1939. December 1939. February 1940. March 1940 Do. Do Do Do Do Do Do do Lock and dam No. 28, below Guyandot River. Do 0 312.. June 1939 Do August 1939... September 1939. October 1939.. November 1939. December 1939 January 1940_. February 1940- March 1940 Do.. Do Do.... Do Do Do Do Do Norfolk & Western R. R. bridge. Do. 0 316 June 1939 July 1939 Do August 1939... 11 20,900 26. 3 7. 6 . 9 218 Do September 1939. 10 8', 800 24. 6 7. 5 .9 175 Do.... 11 14 fiOO 1R 1 R 9 Do 9 15 inn 9 R 11 4 7.2 12 36 Do Decemberl939. 10 3l] 100 5.7 12 4 i. 1 33 Do 4 33' nnn 6.9 30 Do do February 1940. 6 142] 200 1.8 12! 9 2 2 37 Do 10 136' nnn 4 1 6.7 90 27 Do do April 1940 5 268]900 7.8 lo! 8 i. 9 44 Big Sandy River, mouth 0 317.1 (0.3 mile above June 1939 11 2, 560 26.9 6.8 1.5 103 7.3 113 40 mouth of Big Sandy River). Do. July 1939 10 4 680 26 3 7 0 1 6 61 Do August 1939 11 i’n2n 26 9 7 4 Do... 10 * 210 26 6 6 0 Do October 1939 11 109 20 4 6 4 Do 9 104 12 6 6 1 Do 10 133 9 4 7 7 Do do January 1940 3 670 1 3 12 1 Do 6 6 626 3 4 12 2 Do March 1940. . 10 4 690 6 R 114 Do April 1940 5 7,806 11.6 9! 9 .9 59 6.7 82 22 244 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from Pittsburgh Period Number of samples Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tempera- ture ° C. Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coliforms most probable number, per milliliter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Loot and dam No. 29, below Big Sandy River. 0 320 June 1939 11 41,500 25.7 7.6 1.7 155 7.3 58 33 _ July 1939 10 42,900 26.0 7.5 1.2 240 7.4 139 36 Do 34 49 41 33 30 33 27 27 20 31 38 32 45 Do do - August 1939... 11 21,900 26.4 24.7 7.6 1. 1 280 7.6 Do do. September 1939 10 8,900 7.6 . 9 Do do October 1939 11 14,600 16.6 8. 9 .8 151 7.3 7.2 6.9 6.9 6.8 6.6 7.2 11 10 11 202 131 143 57 62 47 11 Do do November 1939. 9 15, 200 10.0 11.3 72 Do do - - December 1939. 10 31,000 5.8 12.4 1.0 21 Do do January 1940.. 4 33,900 . 2 14. 2 1.2 Do do._ February 1940. 6 147,100 2.0 4.0 12.9 Do do.. March 1940 10 141,100 12. 5 1. 7 Do do April 1940 5 266,000 777 10.8 2.0 O 326. June 1939 ii 41,500 26.1 7.1 1.5 203 Do do July 1939 9 42,900 26.1 7.2 1. 2 192 7.4 7.4 Do do._ August 1939... . 12 21,900 26.4 7. 5 1.0 .9 306 Do do_ September 10 8,900 24.6 7.4 do._ 1939. October 1939-- 11 14,600 18.5 8.9 9 150 7.5 9 40 Do 7.2 9 31 Do November 9 15,200 10.1 11.6 1.0 do. - 1939. December 10 31,000 5.8 12.3 i.i 77 7.0 9 29 Do do 1939. January 1940.. 3 37, 300 .8 14.1 1.4 33 6. 8 22 29 Do 7.0 110 124 158 60 29 25 17 31 Do do - February 1940. 4 133, 900 2.1 12.8 2. 7 Do do March 1940 11 129, 500 4.1 12. 6 1.7 6.7 7.2 Do - do. April 1940 4 273, 900 8.0 10. 9 1.8 64 Hanging Rock Light, above Little Sandy River. O 330 June 1939. ... 11 41,200 25.6 7. 4 1.9 167 July 1939 9 42,400 26.1 7.2 1.2 289 Do do August 1939... 12 21,800 8,300 26.2 7.4 7.5 1.0 .9 151 230 Do September 10 Do 1939. October 1939.. 11 13,700 18.3 8.9 .9 186 Do do. November 9 15,100 9.8 11. 5 1.0 67 do 1939. December 10 29,900 6.1 12.4 1.0 71 7.2 7 32 Do Do do 1939. January 1940— 3 37,300 14.0 1.1 32 Table Oh-7 .—Main Ohio River: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages— Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION- CONTROL 245 Do... February 1940. March 1940 April 1940 4 11 4 133.900 129,500 273.900 1.8 4.0 8.0 12.8 12.6 10. 8 2.6 1.5 1.7 29 34 34 6.7 260 23 Do Do do Coal Branch Light, below O 337 June 1939 11 41,300 25.6 7. 2 2.1 225 7.1 67 32 Little Sandy River. • Do July 1939. 9 43,100 26.1 7 1 1 4 Do 12 21, 900 26 1 7 3 Do September 10 8,300 24.3 7.5 1.0 52 7.4 46 1939. Do 11 13,800 18.1 8 8 8 Do 9 15,200 9.8 11.3 1.0 96 7.2 9 31 1939. Do December 10 30,000 5. 4 12.3 1.1 54 7.1 9 29 1939. Do 3 38,000 5 13 9 6.8 21 27 Do. February 1940. 3 121,000 2.2 13. 4 1.8 50 Do March 1940 10 132,400 4 0 12 4 1 5 Do 4 276,000 7. 6 in 7 1 7 Lock and dam No. 30 0 339 June 1939. ... 2 41,200 27.1 6. 7 1 9 278 1 4 Do 7 43,000 26 9 7 2 1 4 Do 9 21, 900 26. 8 7 5 1 2 Do 7 8,300 24.2 7.5 1.1 37 7.5 8 44 1939. Do 9 13,800 18 3 8 8 1 1 Do 9 15,200 9.3 11.2 1.2 28 7.2 9 32 1939. Do 7 30,000 5.5 12.2 1.2 61 7.1 14 29 1939. Do 3 39,600 1 6 13 8 Do 4 132,800 2 O Do g 147, 500 4 3 Do 3 258,900 8 4 147 Scioto River, Lucasville 0 356.5 (15.5 miles above January 1939. 9 5,037 4.7 11.5 2.5 200 7.7 173 bridge. mouth of Scioto River). Do February 1939. 7 23,343 3. 6 11 9 2 6 Do March 1939 9 14’ 244 7.7 10 5 2 1 Do April 1939 7 12’ 043 10 9 9 5 1 5 Do May i939 5 2,858 17. 0 8 9 2 4 Do. June 1939 9 8| 390 24 3 6 5 Do July 1939 5 3,092 23 7 7 2 Do September 5 458 21.7 7.6 3.0 8.0 28 222 1939. Do 4 349 Do 5 571 7.2 10.0 1.8 7.9 18 2Xj i 229 1939. Do 3 610 6.2 10.2 1.9 7.8 10 229 1939. Do January 1940.. i 405 .5 10.4 3.7 9 7.6 7 271 246 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION' CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from Pittsburgh Period Number of samples Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tempera- ture ° C. Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coliforms most probable number, per milliliter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Lock and dam No. 31, below Scioto River. Do 0 359 June 1939 2 47,500 45,300 26.1 6.5 2.3 139 7.4 125 42 do__ July 1939 8 25.9 7.1 1.5 79 7.4 90 49 Do do August 1939 9 22.800 25.5 7.4 1.4 78 7.5 38 43 Do do September 8 7,900 23.0 7.5 .9 105 7.6 6 60 Do ___do _ 1939: October 1939 9 13.100 17.4 9.0 1.0 76 7.6 9 52 Do do November 9 15,700 8. 2 11.2 1.6 37 7.1 9 36 Do do : 1939. December 8 29,000 5.1 12.1 1.3 40 7.1 14 32 Do do 1939. January 1940. _ 2 50,000 .7 13.5 1.7 28 6.9 38 36 Do do February 1940_ 5 143,800 1.9 12.6 2.9 76 7.1 191 34 Do March 1940 .. 8 147, 400 4.3 12.1 1.9 44 6.9 160 26 Do April 1940 3 260, 800 7.9 11.0 1.8 35 6.6 148 20 O 383 June 1939... . 2 47, 200 44, 500 26.5 6.4 1.8 138 7.5 80 47 Do Julv 1939 7 25.9 7.1 1.5 56 7.4 90 49 Do do August 1939... 9 22, 700 26.9 7.3 1.3 37 7. 4 41 44 Do _ __do September 7 7,000 24.2 7.5 1.4 3 7.4 10 56 Do __do 1939. October 1939 _ 9 12, 000 17.8 9.0 1.5 7 7.5 11 55 Do _ _do November 9 15, 500 8.8 11.2 1.4 20 7.1 11 39 Do do 1939. December 8 27, ,500 7.0 11.9 1.2 50 7.1 14 34 Do 1939. January 1940.. 1 57, 900 .5 13.2 1.8 15 6.7 50 35 Do February 1940. 3 127, 800 2.6 12.6 2.6 86 7.0 145 31 Do do___ March 1930 8 164, 900 4.1 11.8 2.1 44 6.9 188 28 Do April 1940 3 260, 300 8.9 10.8 2.4 76 6.6 133 20 O 405 February 1939. 3 301, 700 216, 700 5.2 12.1 2.0 106 7.3 165 26 Do March 1939 . . 4 7.3 11.5 2.1 53 7.5 213 34 Do April 1939 3 237,100 9.3 10.8 3.5 37 7.5 107 35 Do May 1939 3 33,700 44,000 16.2 9.8 1.3 16 7.7 23 48 Do July 1939 2 25.8 7.5 2.2 60 7.4 112 50 Do .. ». August 1939... 5 22, 500 26.8 7.4 1.8 27 7.4 66 43 Do September 1939. October 1939.. 3 6,100 24.3 7.6 1.4 154 7.6 99 55 Do - do 5 11,300 18.4 8.7 1.1 9 7.5 13 58 Table Oh-7.—Main Ohio River: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Do do 4 15,800 9.0 11.3 1.4 14 7.3 10 38 1939. Do.. December 3 26,000 7 2 11.9 1.2 29 7.3 11 34 1939. Do January 1940. _ 1 91,800 0 13. 7 9 9 7 9 Do.. February 1940. ~2 2. 5 12. 7 2. 4 48 7 9 Do March 1940 4 131, 800 4.3 12. 3 2. 2 71 Do 3 240| 300 8. 2 11 1 1 9 39 Lock and dam No. 34 0 434 February 1939. 6 305, 600 4.0 12.0 2.4 97 7 9 Do__ do March 1939 11 219, 900 5. 8 11.4 2. 7 41 7 5 Do do April 1939 9 238, 300 8.5 10.5 1.9 86 7 4 Do May 1939 9 34,800 17. 6 9. 5 1 7 10 Do do June 1939.. _ 4 44, 400 25.3 7. 7 2 7 45 Do do July 1939 3 43, 400 25.9 7. 0 1. 7 100 Do.. do August 1939.. 5 21, 000 25.7 7.2 1. 6 117 Do do September 3 6,600 23.7 7.8 .8 1 7.6 11 59 1939. Do__ October 1939.. 5 10, 600 16.6 8. 8 1.0 5 7 6 Do do November 4 15; 800 8.3 11. 4 1.1 7 7.5 12 42 1939. Do December 3 26,000 5. 5 11.9 .9 49 7.3 13 27 1939. Do.... January 1940 1 32,500 0 13. 4 . 8 11 7 9 Do... February 1940 2 2.2 12. 4 2 4 52 7 1 Do do March 1940. .. 4 133, 500 4.0 11.9 2.2 56 7 3 Do do April 1940 3 238, 600 7. 3 10. 9 2. 0 59 Lock and dam No. 35 0 451 February 1939. 7 307,800 3.8 11.9 2.4 57 7 2 977 ”1' Do do 11 221,700 6.1 11. 4 2 5 73 Do 10 239,000 8. 9 10 5 2 1 39 Do do May 1939 7 35, 300 15. 4 9. 8 1. 6 9 7 6 Lock and dam No. 36 0 461 February 1939. 6 309’, 100 3.8 12.0 2. 8 130 7 3 Do do March 1939 . 11 222| 900 5.8 11. 5 2. 2 48 7 4 Do. do April 1939... 8 239, 500 8. 6 10. 6 1 8 73 7 9 Do May 1939.. . 12 35, 700 17. 4 9.5 1 6 5 7 6 Do do June 1939 11 42, 400 24.4 7.5 2 0 57 7 7 Do July 1939 9 43; 400 25.0 7.0 1. 7 92 7 2 941 Do do August 1939. _. 12 19, 400 24.9 7.5 1. 6 44 7 5 93 Do September 9 7,000 23. 2 8.1 .9 7 7.7 13 54 1939. Do October 1939 11 10, 500 16. 5 9.1 . 7 3 7 6 Do. N ovember 10 15,800 8.7 11. 3 1.1 7 7.4 18 44 1939. Do December 10 26,100 5. 2 12. 2 1.2 55 7.3 20 35 1939. Do do February 1940 5 158,800 1. 6 12. 5 2 4 133 7 1 Do .. 10 157 400 3 9 11 8 1 9 Do April 1940 6 256; 900 7.9 10.6 1.9 32 7.2 192 27 248 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from Pittsburgh Period Number of samples Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tempera- ture ° C. Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coliforms most probable number, per milliliter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Stillwater Boat Harbor, 0 462.8 April 1939 4 239, 600 35.800 42, 200 42.800 19,400 7,100 10, 300 15.800 26,100 8.0 11.0 2.1 39 above Little Miami .River. Do ... do May 1939 4 22.3 9.4 2.0 2 Do do___ June 1939 10 25.3 7.7 2.3 33 Do do._ July 1939 8 26. 3 7.1 1. 9 442 Do do August 1939... September 12 26. 5 7. 8 1. 5 38 Do do___ 8 25.0 8.4 1.1 5 Do _ do 1939. October 1939.. 11 18.3 9.3 1.0 5 Do. do. November 9 9.6 12.0 1. 4 4 Do do 1939. December 7 6.1 12.4 1.4 30 Do do 1939. April 1940.. _ 4 8.5 10.3 2.1 100 Little Miami River, mouth, O 464.1 (4.3 miles above February 1939. 2 8,000 2.5 12.5 2.1 240 Beechmont Bridge. Do mouth of Little Miami River). do March 1939 4 2,800 3,100 500 6.6 11.3 1.9 88 Do.. do April 1939 4 9.3 10.2 1.8 348 Do May 1939 5 18.4 7.6 2.9 920 Do.. do June 1939 4 5,000 200 22.3 6.3 4.3 2,580 4,600 3,300 2,520 6,650 4,450 1,100 2,880 394 Do do July 1939 2 21.8 5.7 7.6 Do do. August 1939... 2 200 24.5 5.8 4.3 7.8 Do do September 1939 October 1939.. 2 200 19. 8 2.3 6.1 7. 5 Do do 2 80 15.5 3.3 7.9 7.6 Do.... do November 1939 2 140 7.0 7.9 11.5 7.6 Do do December 1939 1 167 3.5 12.0 7.5 7. 9 Do.. do January 1940.. February 1940. March 1940 4 269 0 12.3 4.8 7.7 170 Do do. 4 1,210 1,390 881 2.0 13.3 3.6 7.8 Do do 4 5.9 12.0 2.0 324 7. 7 Do.. do - April 1940 7 11.1 (4) 10.9 1. 8 284 7.7 173 118 Marmot’s Landing O 465.3 April 1939 4 245,900 8.3 2.2 146 Louisville dr Nashville R. R. 0 469.5 April 1939 8 246,700 8.1 11.0 2.0 78 bridge, above Licking River. Do... do May 1939 9 36, 500 22.2 9.1 1.9 51 Do do June 1939 19 43,600 25.1 7.4 2. 5 196 Do.... do July 1939 16 43,800 26.0 7.0 1.8 312 Do do August 1939... 23 19,400 7,300 26.4 7.5 1.7 499 Do do September 1939 16 24.8 8.1 1.7 499 Table Oh-7.—Main Ohio River: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION" CONTROL 249 Do October 1939.. November 1939 December 1939 April 1940 22 16 18 8 10, 500 16,000 26,200 18.2 9.5 6.1 8.7 9.0 11.9 12.4 10.4 1.0 1.8 1.8 1. 8 604 226 246 56 Do... do Do Do.. Licking River, 0.8 miles 0 470.2 (5.5 miles above June 1939 1 2,630 6.8 2.0 460 7.8 650 94 above mouth of Banklick mouth oi Licking River). Creek. Do July 1939 2 14,140 24. 0 6. 3 2. 2 235 Do August 1939... 2 2,020 23.8 6 5 1. 6 45 7 5 Do September 1939 2 80 22. 3 6 5 1 4 5 7 8 Do October 1939.. 2 60 15.8 8 0 1 5 3 7. 8 Do do November 1939 2 190 5 5 11 4 1 1 4 7 6 Do. do. December 1939 2 128 2.0 12 2 2 0 9 7.6 Do January 1940.. 2 3,990 0 13 4 3 7 57 7. 6 Do February 1940. 3 950 2 8 12 5 3 8 125 7. 5 Do... March 1940 5 14, 270 7.6 11. 2 1 5 27 7.6 Licking River, Louisville O 470.2 (3.3 miles above April 1939 4 11, 230 12.9 9.9 1.1 179 & Nashville bridge near mouth of Licking River). Latonia, Ky. Do May 1939 5 1,380 21.6 8 3 2 0 285 Do do ... June 1939 2 2,600 23. 5 6. 4 2 6 285 Licking River, mouth 0 470.2 (0.2 mile above February 1939. 1 i, 370 6.0 11.7 1.6 150 mouth of Licking River). Do March 1939 4 22,630 9 3 10 6 3 0 167 Do March 1940 5 14’270 9. 2 11 1 1 9 555 7.6 Southern Ry. bridge below O 472.3 April 1939 4 265; 000 8.3 11.0 2.1 56 Licking River. Riverside O 475.2 May 1939 4 38,400 22. 6 7.9 2 9 2 530 Do June 1939 9 45; 200 24.8 6 6 3 O 1 850 Do July 1939 9 50,700 25. 8 6 6 2 2 2 270 Do August 1939... 11 20', 700 26. 3 6 3 2 3 5' 140 Do September 1939. 8 i, 700 24.9 3 9 2 9 32* 600 Do October 1939.. ii 10; 500 18. 4 6. 2 2 9 60 800 Do November 1939. 7 16,100 9.5 11.1 3.3 4,300 Do December 1939. 10 26, 400 5.9 11.9 3.7 L 490 Do April 1940 4 277', 500 8.7 10.4 2.0 402 Anderson’s Ferry O 477.5 April 1939 5 265, 300 8.2 10.9 2.3 94 Lock and dam No. 37 O 483 February 1939. 8 349,200 3.7 11.8 2.5 67 7 5 333 Do do_ March 1939-... 12 245,' 600 5 9 11 3 2 3 132 7 5 Do April 1939 10 265,300 9. 3 10 4 19 281 7 3 Do May 1939 10 38,400 18. 5 8 8 2 7 1 630 7 7 21 Do June 1939 10 45, 200 25 8 6 4 3 4 2 040 7 9 Do July 1939 10 50,700 26. 7 6 3 2 2 l' 960 7 3 Do August 1939... 11 20, 700 26 6 5 4 2 2 5’ 830 7 5 Do September 1939 11 7, 700 24 7 3 8 1 9 913 7 4 Do October 1939 . 11 10,500 18 0 5 7 1 7 12 000 7 4 1 11 Do •_ November 1939. 11 16,100 , 8 9 10 6 2 4 1* 700 7 3 Do. December 1939. 10 26,400 5.4 11. 4 3 6 \ 980 7 2 ! 20 Do February 1940. 3 143, 900 3.7 12 4 3 1 80 7 2 232 Do March 1940 11 151', 100 5.1 11. 7 2 6 no 7 3 190 Do April 1940 12 369; 200 9.0 10.4 3.9 144 7.1 268 30 4 Not'run. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from Pittsburgh Period Number of samples Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tempera- ture ° C. Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coliforms most probable number, per milliliter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Miami River, mouth, west 0 491.1 (4.2 miles above March 1939 4 10,600 6.4 11.6 4.4 265 8.2 85 244 of Cleves. Do mouth of Miami River). do April 1939..'... 3 4,400 12.2 9.7 2.9 175 8.0 40 239 Do do May 1939 4 2,100 19.3 9.4 4.4 131 8.1 22 245 Do do June 1939 5 5,100 24.9 7.5 4.1 325 8.0 171 213 Do_ do . July 1939 6 4,300 24.8 7.3 4.1 1,680 7.8 809 195 Do do August 1939... 7 1,800 24.8 8.0 4.0 '376 8.1 102 208 Do do September 1J39. 6 700 21.8 8.3 4.0 41 8.0 28 227 Do do October 1939.. 7 600 15.6 8.6 4.5 50 7.9 16 236 Do do November 1939 6 700 6.9 9.6 3.2 190 7.7 18 246 Do do December 1939 6 910 5.8 9.7 3.2 90 7.7 12 250 Do _ ___do January 1940.. 2 2,500 .5 12.7 4.1 252 7.7 195 215 Do do__. February 1940 5 7, 290 2.8 11.8 5.5 243 7.8 318 171 Do do March 1940 6 9,630 5.5 10.7 3.9 2,290 433 7.9 153 198 Do do April 1940..... 4 4, 220 11.0 9.2 4.8 7.9 65 226 Lock and dam No. 38 ... O 503.3 February 1939 9 363,400 3.6 11.8 3.1 438 7.4 39 308 Do do March 1939 12 262,100 5.7 11.2 2.6 430 7.7 325 44 Do do.. April 1939 10 285,800 9.6 10.3 2.2 294 7.3 204 45 Do do May 1939 10 42,000 19.3 9.0 2.5 924 7.7 22 70 Do do June 1939 11 54,400 24.9 6.6 2.6 763 8.0 113 70 Do do July 1939 10 55,900 26.0 6.1 2.4 1,020 338 7 4 271 61 Do do August 1939... 11 24, 300 26.0 6.3 1.8 7.6 85 67 Do do September 1939. 11 8, 400 23.8 6.5 2.1 85 7.6 13 81 Do. .... do October 1939.. 11 11,800 17.1 6.5 1.9 412 7. 5 10 85 Do do November 11 16,800 8.6 10.2 2.3 2,140 1,200 156 7.3 17 54 Do do 1939. December 10 27,300 4.9 11.3 2.7 7.2 25 46 Do. do. 1939. February 1940 3 163,300 2.6 12.3 3.7 7.3 217 47 Do do March 1940 10 165, 800 4.4 11.6 2.3 110 7.3 202 38 Do . . April 1940 5 280,100 9.3 10.2 2.9 96 7. 2 244 33 O 531.7 February 1939. 10 306, 200 4.2 11.7 3.2 96 7.4 384 39 Do do March 1939— 12 267,300 6.8 11.2 3.3 149 7.7 368 47 Do do April 1939 10 293,400 9.9 10.3 2.7 201 7.3 204 47 Do do May 1939 8 42,800 17.7 9.3 2.4 218 7.8 27 72 Do do June 1939 4 56,300 25.6 6.1 2.6 284 7.9 98 73 Do . . do.. July 1939 4 57, 500 26.4 6.2 2.1 105 7. 2 219 59 Do do August 1939... 4 25,800 26.8 6.3 1.4 201 7.5 72 61 Table Oh-7.—Main Ohio River: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 251 Do 5 8,100 24.6 8.6 2.4 7.8 13 81 1939. Do 4 12 400 IS 3 s ? Do 5 lo’ 400 9.7 10.5 2.2 573 7.2 18 59 1939. Do 4 27, 400 5.0 11.4 2.4 520 7.3 21 45 1939. Do 5 142 000 4 8 11 6 Do 2 300, 100 S 0 9 9 2 7 Do do July 1940 4 30, 400 7 2 Do do 2 13, 200 IS 0 12 1 3 2 Do 3 7 5 000 Kentucky River, mouth, O 545.8 (0.2 mile above March 1939 5 27,600 8.7 1L1 1.5 35 7.9 393 66 Carrollton, Ky. mouth of Kentucky River). Do._ do 3 18, 800 ii n 11 4 1 4 Do. May 1939 4 3, 000 19 5 9 1 Do do 5 4 500 7 5 Do... 4 IS, SOO 7 1 Do 4 2, 000 25 9 6 3 Do do_ _ _ . _ 5 1,000 25.1 7.4 1.2 7.7 13 93 1939. Do 4 000 19 1 6 3 Do 5 700 10.2 8.9 1.4 7.5 15 94 1939. Do 4 800 5.2 10.7 1.4 16 7.5 17 100 1939. Do 4 10.000 4 3 12 S Do Do 1 200 Do July 1940 3 500 Do 2 200 Do 110 Notch Lick Light _ O 547.8 July 1910. . . 4 43,900 20 0 7 9 2 2 Do do 2 13,800 17 9 11 S Do do 3 79, 000 3 9 Crooked Creek Upper Light. O 559.5 July 1940 2 35,100 29. 0 8. 5 2 6 94 7 6 Cliftv Creek Lower Light... O 561 July 1940 2 40,100 26.1 7 9 2 2 1 260 7 5 Do do 2 11, 700 19 5 11 2 Do ... do 3 89, 200 3 4 12 5 Lower Hanover Landing. _ _ 0 562.6 July 1940 2 35,100 29. 0 8 3 2 1 21S 7 6 Do do 2 11,700 Do 3 89,200 3 3 Jobson Landing.. ... O 576.1 July 1940 4 37, 600 27 3 S 3 9 2 Do... October 1940 2 11, 700 IS 7 2 9 Do 3 89, 200 3 1 3 2 Six Mile Island Light 0 597.9 August 1940 .. i 36, 200 29 5 9 4 2 S 9 Louisville waterworks 0 600.0 August 1940 .. 3 26,900 29 0 S S 2. 2 44 Do Jan. 31-Feb. 5 128,100 2.6 12.6 1.6 113 7.2 95 50 ... 5,1941. 1 252 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from Pittsburgh Period Number of samples Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tempera- ture ° C. Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coliforms most probable number, per milliliter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million 0 603.5 August 1940... 1 36,200 29.5 9.0 2.4 930 8.1 12 53 0 608.5 August 1940... 4 25.300 28.4 8.2 2.6 997 8.0 13 53 Do do October 1940.. 2 13,300 17.8 7.3 1.6 695 7.6 8 54 Do __ __do Februarv 1941. 3 101, 200 2.0 13.1 1.7 142 7.2 74 46 0 610 August 1940 . 4 25,300 28.8 8.2 2.3 3,220 8.1 11 57 Do do October 1940— 2 13,300 17.9 7.3 2.3 765 7.5 8 53 Do do February 1941. 3 101, 200 2.1 13.0 1.8 258 7.2 71 46 0 614 August 1940... 4 25,300 28.3 8.1 2.6 3,480 8.0 10 56 'do do October 1940.. 2 13.300 17.5 7.2 2.4 '765 7.5 9 52 Do .. __do__ February 1941. 3 101.200 2.1 13.1 4.2 87 7.2 74 45 0 627.1 August 1940... 4 23,300 28.8 8.6 2.3 105 8.2 10 57 0 6273 October 1940.. 5 11,500 16.2 7.9 2.0 376 7.5 6 60 Do ..7 ..“ _ .do February 1941. 5 66,100 1.2 12.9 2.5 141 7.3 47 55 Salt River, mouth 0 629.9 (0.1 mile above August 1940... 3 246 27.7 3.5 2.0 845 7.5 60 123 124 mouth of Salt River). Do. October 1940.. 5 230 16.8 8.3 2.1 27 7.5 17 67 114 Do do February 1941. 5 753 2.2 12.7 1.1 32 7.8 14 170 186 O 633.2 August 1940... 4 23,400 28.6 8.6 2.6 740 8.2 11 59 Do do October 1940.. 5 11,200 16.5 8.4 2.1 107 7.6 6 50 Do . February 1941. 5 67,700 1.6 13.0 3.2 153 7.3 45 53 O 637.1 October 1940.. 6 11,200 16.8 None None 63 7.6 51 116 Do.. .. 7 do February 1941. 5 67,700 1.6 12.8 2.4 195 7.3 45 55 O 639.1 October 1940.. 5 11,200 16.6 None None 67 7.6 50 do. :. “ February 1941. 5 67,700 1.6 12.9 1.6 246 7.3 44 52 0 662 August 1940... 4 67, 200 26.5 7.5 2.7 63 7.8 30 56 Do .. do February 1941. 2 44, 500 3.9 13.0 1.8 23 7.2 30 60 O 665-.-. August 1940... 4 67, 200 27.2 7. 5 2.4 73 7.9 32 56 Do Februarv 1941. 2 44, 500 3.7 13.3 1.7 96 7.3 30 60 0 703 1 August 1940 .. 4 64, 700 27.2 7.3 2.3 90 7.9 30 60 Do. February 1941. 2 42,800 3.7 13.1 1.5 16 7.3 30 55 O 711.3. August 1940... 2 67,300 26.8 7.0 2.1 78 7.6 33 54 Do* February 1941. 3 49, 900 2.1 13.1 2.6 65 7.3 33 58 O 722.7 - August 1940 .. 2 80,100 27.0 6.8 2.0 78 7.6 31 55 Do February 1941. 3 45,600 2.1 13.1 3.0 14 7.3 33 58 O 730.6 August 1940... 4 58,800 27.8 6.8 2.2 51 7.8 34 60 Do February 1941. 3 45,600 2.2 13.1 3.3 96 7.3 36 57 O 756.5 Aug. 26-Sept. 5 56,200 25.7 8.1 2.0 37 7.9 28 53 take. 5,1940. Do October 1940.. 2 10, 400 16.7 9.8 2.6 4 8.1 10 61 Do do... February 1941. 2 71,500 1.0 13.1 3.6 29 7.3 30 64 Table Oh-7.—Main Ohio River: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 253 Lock and dam No. 46 0 757 August 1940 1 18,100 27 2 9.4 2 2 4 8 4 in 57 Larkin Ferry Light 0 760 Aug. 26-Sept. 5 56,200 25. 7 8.1 2.1 35 7.9 29 53 571940. Do 2 10 400 16 7 9 6 2. 2 97 8 0 Do 2 71 500 5 12 4 1 1 Lock and dam No. 47 0 777.7 Aug. 26-Sept. 5 55,400 25.8 8.4 1.9 66 8.0 29 55 571940. Do 2 9, 700 16 8 8 9 2. n 16 8 0 14 Do 2 70 600 1 l 13 4 i 2 17 7 3 33 Green River, Spottsville 0 784.2 (8.6 miles above Aug. 28-Sept. 3 1,097 26.7 7.0 1.4 1 7.7 18 104 102 Bridge. mouth of Green River). 4, 1940 Do 2 ,667 17. 5 8 3 . 5 1 7 8 13 126 125 Do 2 3 250 4.0 12 5 8 2 7 6 58 91 122 Evansville water works in- O 791 Aug. 27-Sept. 5 57,100 25. 9 8.3 2.1 22 8.0 28 57 take. 571940. Do 2 15,800 17.7 9 2 2.1 24 8.0 12 64 vemberl940. Do 2 71,100 . 8 13. 4 1 7 16 7 4 33 65 Dutch Bend Light 0 797.7 4 62,100 26. 5 8.3 1.7 106 7.9 32 55 671940. Do.... 2 14,200 17. 5 9.1 2.4 350 8.1 13 . 64 1, 1940. i Do 2 48, 700 .8 13.4 1 3 9 7. 4 29 72 Henderson water works in- 0 803 4 62,100 26.5 8.2 1.7 199 7.9 35 56 take. 671940. Do 2 14,200 17. 7 9 4 2.8 142 8.2 12 64 1, 1940. Do 2 48,700 . 8 13. 4 1 1 9 7 4 29 70 Lock and dam No. 48 0 809 4 62,100 26. 4 8.3 1.9 356 7.9 36 56 671940. Do 2 14,200 17. 6 9. 5 2.3 58 8.2 13 66 1, 1940. Do 2 48, 700 . 8 13.3 1 1 24 7 4 26 70 Mount Vernon water works. 0 829.1. 4 19,700 23. 2 9.0 2.1 19 7.9 18 53 1940. Do 2 47,000 15.3 9.8 2. 2 142 7 8 13 61 1940. Do 2 31, 400 2.3 13.6 3.7 6 7. 5 19 78 Lock and dam No. 49 O 845 -• 4 19; 700 24.0 9.1 1.7 29 7 9 15 54 1940. Do do November 2 47,000 15.3 9.6 2.2 78 7. 8 13 60 1940. Do 2 31,400 2.1 13.6 2.7 28 7 4 16 Wabash River, mouth O 848.0 (0.1 mile above September 4 3; 000 22.4 8.4 2.5 2 8.3 55 198 170 mouth of Wabash Riv- 1940. er). 2 3,010 14.0 10.1 2.7 4 8 3 19 213 150 1940. Do. do February 1941. 2 6,080 2.0 14.2 3.3 1 8.1 16 202 196 254 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from Pittsburgh Period Number of samples Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tempera- ture 0 C Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coliforms most probable number, per milliliter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness parts per million Browns Light _ __ 0 852.3 September 1940. 4 19,700 24.1 9.2 2.0 19 8.0 17 72 Do _ ___do 2 50,000 15.8 9.7 2.4 20 7.7 14 63 1940. Do February 1941. September 1940. 2 38, 700 2. 0 13.9 2.8 8 7. 6 16 89 Greens Crossing, Upper Light. O 864.8 4 26; 700 23.3 9.2 2.0 11 8.0 14 76 Do 3 46,400 15.0 9.9 2.0 26 7.8 13 68 1940. Do February 1941- Sept eiH-ber 1940. 2 37,600 23,700 1. 8 13. 1 3.4 5 7.6 16 102 DeKoven Light . 0 870.7 4 23.3 9.3 1.5 5 8.1 14 71 Do 3 46,800 14.9 9.8 1.9 19 7.8 14 64 1940. Do February 1941. September 1940. 2 38,100 23,800 1.8 13.9 2.7 6 7.6 14 92 Lock and dam No. 50.. 0 876.8 4 23.1 9.2 1.6 3 8.1 14 67 Do 3 47,000 14.8 10.0 2.0 9 7.8 13 64 1940. Do February 1941. Sept. 20-Oct. 1,1940. 2 37,600 27,700 1.8 13.8 2.8 5 7. 6 14 86 Rosiclaire.. 0 891.6 4 21.2 9.2 2.0 62 8.3 12 76 Do 2 38,900 8.8 13.2 3.4 5 8.3 19 76 1940. Do do 3 2.8 13.8 2.1 2 7.6 17 86 Golconda water works . O 902.5 Sept. 20-Oct. 1,1940. 4 27, 700 21.5 9.3 1.8 4 8.3 11 72 Do 2 38,900 8.3 13.4 3.4 3 8.3 19 75 1940. Do 3 2. 7 13.8 2.7 1 7.6 18 88 Old Maids Crossing Light.. 0 918 Sept. 20-Oct. 1,1940. 4 28,400 21.1 9.3 1.8 3 8.3 12 72 Do ...do 2 41,200 8.8 13.0 3.3 1 8.2 19 74 1940. Do 3 3. 1 13.8 2.2 1 7.6 19 88 Cumberland River, above O 920.4 (2.8 miles above Sept. 20-Oct. 4 1,530 21.8 7.8 1.5 2 7.8 24 78 82 mouth. mouth of Cumberland River).* f, 1940. Do 4 2,650 8.9 9.9 1.2 5 7.4 32 89 96 1940. Do do March 1941 3 7,197 5.7 13.0 1.5 2 7.6 22 86 112 Table Oh-7.—Main Ohio River: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Ledbetter Light 0 927.3 Sept. 20-Oct. 1,1940. 4 30,400 45,900 21.7 9.3 1.8 2 8.3 12 77 Do 2 8.9 13.0 3.2 1 8.2 18 77 Do 1940. 3 3.2 13.7 2.1 1 7.6 18 89 Paducah water works _ 0 934.3 September 1940. 4 28,000 41,800 22.4 8.5 1.6 4 7.9 14 66 Do . 2 11.0 11.7 5.1 3 7.8 24 62 Do ... .do 1940. 3 6.3 13.1 2.1 3 7.6 41 74 Tennessee River, Norton’s 0 934.5 (5.3 miles above Sept. 21-Oct. 1,1940. 4 22.3 8.2 .8 1 7.7 10 59 72 Bluff Bridge. Do . mouth of Tennessee River). 4 8.9 10.2 .7 4 7.2 37 51 54 Do 1940. 3 6. 5 13.1 1.6 1 7.7 36 65 86 Lock and dam No. 52 0 938.9 September 1940. 4 54,600 74,500 22.6 8.6 1.2 5 7.9 12 68 Do.. 2 10.7 12.0 1.9 5 7.9 24 65 Do do 1940. 3 4.8 13.4 2.1 1 7.6 28 82 Lock and dam No. 53 0 962.6 September 1940. 4 54, 600 74,500 22.6 8.7 1.6 37 8.0 16 69 Do . 2 10.1 12.8 2.1 7 8.0 25 69 Do do 1940. 3 4. 6 13. 6 2.0 4 7.7 27 83 Cairo water works intake . 0 978 3 52,400 86,700 19.8 9.4 1.7 11 8.0 12 74 Do 2 9. 3 11.6 2.5 6 7.7 73 70 Do do 1940. 2 5.0 12.8 2.4 7 7.6 48 74 Cairo Point 0 981 3 52,400 86, 700 19. 6 8.9 1. 7 89 7.9 92 91 Do_... 2 8. 3 11.4 2. 7 45 7. 7 678 117 Do 1940. 2 4. 2 12.6 2.4 102 7.6 95 100 Mississippi River, Cairo high- way bridge. Do 3 18.6 8.0 2.1 434 7.9 343 163 2 6 8 10. 9 3. 5 142 7. 7 1,280 172 163 143 Do 1940. 2 3 8 11. 8 3.8 262 7. 7 146 146 Mississippi River below mouth of Ohio River, Wickliffe, Ky. Do October 1940. 3 19.2 8.9 1.4 48 7.9 157 104 2 9 3 11.4 2. 6 13 7.7 258 85 86 120 Do 1940. March 1941 2 4.6 12.8 2.0 54 7.7 82 90035—44—pt. 2 8 256 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Oh-7A.—Main Ohio River: Laboratory data—acid stream results Sampling point Month, 1940 Num- ber sam- ples pH Acidity, parts per million Iron, parts per million Methyl red Phenolphthalein Fer- rous Total Hot Cold Emsworth Dam, mile 6 September-. October. 1 11 9 1' 11 9 2 11 9 2 11 9 12 9 12 9 12 10 12 10 12 10 12 10 11 5 11 5 11 5 11 5 5.4 5.6 6.2 4.7 5.6 6.2 4.7(1) 5.4(7) 5.9(1) 4.8(1) 5.4(7) 5. 7(2) 5.4(6) 5. 7(2) 5.1 5. 7(2) 5.9(7) 4.9(2) 5.0(9) 5. 0(2) 5.0(9) 5. 3(2) 5.0(9) 5. 5(2) 4.6(9) 4.6 4.8(7) 4.7 5.0 4.8 5.5 4.9(4) 1 3. 5(2) 5 (1) 10 3 (1) 12 7 11 12(2) 17 10 0.4 .9 3.0 .4 1.2(4) November.. September. _ October 23 11(1) 12(2) 18(1) 17(2) Montgomery Dam, mile 31.7- - Dam No. 7, mile 36.5 - November.. September.. October 6 (1) 4. 5(2) 13(1) 9(7) 12(1) 15(1) 11(7) 10(2) 11(6) 10(2) 9(6) 10(2) 10(7) 14(2) 13(9) 14(2) 12(9) 11(2) 12(9) 10(2) 12(9) 10 7(7) 9 7(6) 8 8 7(4) .3 3. 2(4) 1.0(1) .4 .7 5.0 1.5 3.0 1.3 November.. September.. October 7 (1) 6 (2) 18(1) 18(2) Dam No. 8, mile 46.4 - November.. October 4.2(3) 18(2) 0.6(1) Dam No. 9, mile 56.1 - November. . October 5.3(3) 16(2) Dam No. 10, mile 66 November. . October. ... 4.0(5) 4. 5(2) 6. 3(6) 5.0(1) 3.4(7) 3.0(1) 4. 3(7) 14(2) .2(1) • 7(6) Dam No. 11, mile 77 November.. October 17(3) 2. 2(6) Dam No. 12, mile 87.5 November.. 20(2) (2) 13(2) • 4(1) 3.0 Dam No. 13, mile 96.. November.. • 5(2) 2.0 2.8(2) .2 .3 .4 .4 .7 .2 .2 .3 Dam No. 14, mile 114 November.. 7 (9) 4 2 (4) 4 3 (3) 3 (4) 2 (1) 3 (3) 12(6) 12 12(7) 13 10(6) 12 10 10(4) Dam No. 15, mile 129- September.. August . ... Dam No. 16, mile 146.5 September.. August. .. Dam No. 17, mile 167.5 September.. August September.. Note.—Figures in parentheses indicate number acid samples used in computing averages as shown. MINOR TRIBUTARY BASINS 257 CONTENTS Page Contents 259 Syllabus and conclusions 261 Description 262 Presentation of field data 263 Presentation of laboratory data 266 Hydro metric data 268 Discussion 268 LIST OF TABLES M-l.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 262 M-2.—Surface water supplies 264 M-3.—Sources of pollution 265 M-4.—Industrial wastes 265 M-5.—Selected laboratory data 267 M-6.—Monthly mean summer flows 268 M-7.—Summary of laboratory results 270 M-7a.—Summary of laboratory results on acid streams 299 LIST OF FIGURES (Note.—For maps of minor tributary basins see main Ohio River summary.) 259 MINOR TRIBUTARY BASINS 1 Syllabus and Conclusions SYLLABUS Minor tributaries of the Ohio drain 23,780 square miles (about one-ninth of the entire Ohio Basin) in the 6 States bordering the main stream. Less than 10 percent of the 1,400,000 population in the area are in urban communities. Agriculture is the predominant occupation. Coal mining is important in the upper portion of the basin above Marietta, Ohio, and the Saline and Tradewater Basins in Illinois and Kentucky. Most of the larger communities have sewage-treatment plants and there is little organic industrial waste. Acid mine drainage causes the most serious pollution. (See separate section of report on acid mine drainage.) CONCLUSIONS (1) Forty-four of the ninety-four public water supplies in the area drained by minor tributaries of the Ohio River are from surface sources. Nine of these, serving 24,600 people, are from streams sub- ject to pollution. (2) Sewage from 173,500 people and industrial wastes equivalent in oxygen demand to sewage from an additional 31,200 people are discharged to minor tributaries of the Ohio. About two-thirds of the sewage receives treatment. (3) Laboratory data indicate many instances of heavy local pollution, particularly on very small streams. At the time of sampling the streams generally were in good sanitary condition at their con- fluence with the Ohio River except where they were influenced by Wastes from Ohio River communities. Many of the tributaries in the upper part of the basin, and several small streams in the Saline and Trade water Basins, were found to be heavily polluted by acid mine drainage. (4) Abatement of pollution due to sewage and organic industrial wastes will require secondary treatment in most instances because the receiving streams are generally small and subject to extremely low flows. (5) Reduction in acidity in the minor tributaries can best be accomplished in connection with a program, of mine sealing covering the entire Ohio Basin.2 (6) One of the proposed tributary reservoirs authorized by the Congress and studied by the United States Engineer Department 1 For maps of this area, see main Ohio River. 2 See section of report on acid mine drainage. 261 262 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL for Ohio River flood control is on a minor tributary. Low-flow regula- tion by this reservoir would have no appreciable tangible value for pollution abatement. (7) The following cost estimates of measures for abatement of pollution due to sewage and industrial wastes are summarized from table M-l: Treatment Capita] cost Annual charges Existing-__ _ $3,800,000 2,590,000 $330,000 285,000 Suggested additional __ Estimated additional costs over existing charges of programs involving uniform treatment throughout the basin area: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Primary, all places . $2,220,000 $250,000 335,000 Secondary, all places - - 3.010,000 Table M-l.—Minor tributary basins: Estimated cost of existing and suggested minimum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Pri- mary Sec- ond- ary Amorti- zation and in- terest Opera- tion and mainte- nance Total Existing sewage treatment Suggested minimum correction: Sewage treatment plants. ... 12 30 110,300 $3, 800,000 $225, 000 $105.000 $330,000 17 23 96, 400 1,420,000 890,000 280,000 100,000 40,000 35,000 70,000 170,000 40,000 75,000 Independent industrial waste 40,000 2, 590,000 2, 220,000 3, 010,000 2, 590,000 175, 000 160,000 210,000 175,000 110,000 90,000 125,000 110,000 285,000 250,000 335,000 2S5,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment all waste.. Secondary treatment all Description Small tributaries of the Ohio River not considered in separate sec- tions of this report drain a total of about 23,780 square miles (slightly less than 12 percent of the entire basin) in the six States which border the Ohio River. The area drained in each State and the drainage areas of some of the larger streams are shown below: State Area (square miles) State Area (square miles) Illinois __ 2,880 3,480 6, 675 6,450 1,290 3,005 Indiana . Kentucky OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 263 Tributary Right or left bank Miles above mouth of Ohio River Drainage area (squaie miles) Cache River 6.3 720 Tradewater River Left 107.6 995 113. 7 1,235 Blue River . _ _ _ _ .. _ _ 318.1 '466 Brush Creek . . .... 593. 0 435 Little Sandy River 644.6 780 667. 7 441 Raccoon Creek _ ... 704.9 684 Middle Island Creek ... ... 827.0 685 Little Beaver River.. ... . Right 941.5 510 Most of the area drained by the minor tributaries of the Ohio is hilly. Portions of the area in Illinois and Indiana are less rugged and better suited to agriculture than the land farther east. The following tabulation of population of some of the larger com- munities and of the entire area, shows the relatively sparse population and the lack of urbanization. There are only 16 urban communities in the 23,780 square miles and most of these are in the upper part of the basin. The larger communities are in coal-producing sections. ' Population 1910 1920 1930 1940 Larger cities: Washington, Pa- _ Canonsburg, Pa... ... Salem, Ohio ... ... _ . 18, 778 3,891 8, 943 5,309 6,875 3, 537 4,233 21,480 10,632 10, 305 7,125 6,687 5, 750 4,863 24, 545 12, 558 10, 622 11,625 5, 319 5, 215 4,602 26,166 12, 599 12, 301 11,453 5,537 5,123 5,002 Harrisburg, 111. . ... .. ... Wellston, Ohio .. _. . _ East Palestine, Ohio.. . ... __ Barnesville, Ohio Entire basin: Urban. ... 79,125 1,148,878 109,613 1,123,996 116,468 1,144,622 130, 344 1,254,858 Rural Total ... . 1, 228,003 1, 233,609 1, 261,090 1,385,202 Agriculture is the predominant occupation in the area as a whole but there are also important coal-mining areas in Pennsylvania, the panhandle of West Virginia and adjacent parts of Ohio in the upper portion of the basin and in the Saline and Tradewater River Basins in the lower portion of the basin. Water uses.—None of the minor tributaries have been developed for navigation. There are no hydroelectric developments. Many of the streams, particularly the less polluted ones which are readily accessible to residents of the larger Ohio River cities, are used ex- tensively for recreation. Presentation of Field Data Figures Oh-1, 01i-2, and Oh-3 show the location and magnitude of the more important sources of pollution along minor tributaries in the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the Ohio River, respectively. Public water supplies.—Ninety-four communities and sizable insti- tutions on minor tributaries of the Ohio have water supply systems which serve about 213,700 people. Forty-four of the supplies are 264 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL from surface sources of which 9 are from streams subject to sewage pollution above the water intake. The remaining 35 supplies are from streams draining unsewered areas. Table M-2 shows data on the 9 surface water supplies which are most subject to pollution. Table M-2.—Minor tributary basins: Surface water supplies Supply State Source Mileage Treat- ment (3) Popu- lation served Consump- tion, millions of gallons per day (>) (2) Supplies below community sewer outfalls Kentucky 7 108 LD 3,100 0.06 _ ___do _ ...do __ _. 41 108 FD 4, 300 .25 Harrisburg Illinois Middle Fork Saline River ... 35 114 FD 8,000 .53 Laughery Creek _ 34 482 FD 500 .02 37 482 FD 1,000 .08 Ohio Whiteoak Creek ... 8 557 LD L 500 .04 Wellston ... .. _ __ do Little Raccoon Creek, im- 55 705 FD 4,700 .30 pounded. Middlebourne.. West Virginia... Middle Island Creek 37 827 FD 600 .04 Bethany do 13 906 FD 900 .07 24,600 1.39 108,000 8.00 Total surface water supplies. - 132,600 9. 45 1 Miles above confluence of minor tributary with Ohio River. 2 Miles from mouth of Ohio River to mouth of minor tributary. 3 F = coagulated, settled, filtered; L=lime-soda softened; D=chlorinated. Sewerage.—Table M-3 showTs the sewered population and the total waste load at the larger sources of pollution on minor tributaries of the Ohio River. Sewage from 167,800 people enters the streams, about two-thirds of which is treated in 12 primary and 30 secondary treat- ment plants. Most of the larger sources of pollution are in the upper part of the area. Minor tributaries entering the Ohio above Hunting- ton drain about one-third of the area but they receive about two- thirds of all the sewage. Table M-3.—Minor tributary basins: Sources of pollution including industrial wastes expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Municipality State Receiving stream Mile- age Popu- lation con- nected to sew- ers Treatment Sewered popu- lation equiva- lent (biochem- ical oxygen demand) (>) (2) Un- treated Dis- charged 3 7 2,000 None.. 2,000 3,800 1,300 2,000 1,900 1, 300 43 108 3,800 Chemical Dawson Springs. do Tradewater River 87 108 1,300 None.. Illinois-.. 35 114 8,000 Secondary. None3 8,000 3,000 2,000 11,100 3,000 9,800 4,000 3,600 1,000 1,200 3,000 2,000 11,100 3,000 9,800 4,000 3,600 1,000 do 39 114 3,000 11 138 2,000 -..do Fort Branch 44 188 100 --.do Boonville do 13 205 3,000 --_do Marengo do 27 318 100 ---do 28 323 -__do Sunman North Hogan Creek... Tvvart. Creek 22 484 _-_do Olive Hill. 52 628 i, 666 --.do 1 Miles above confluence of minor tributary with Ohio River. 2 Miles above mouth of Ohio River to mouth of minor tributary. 3 Septic tank ineffective. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 265 Table M-3.—Minor tributary basins: Sources of pollution including industrial wastes expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand)— Continued Municipality State Receiving stream Mile- age Popu- lation con- nected to sew- ers Treatment Sewered popu- lation equiva- lent (biochem- ical oxygen demand) Un- treated Dis- charged Wellston Ohio.. 55 705 2,000 2 son Caldwell do 39 810 1,000 l’ 000 1 000 West Union West Virginia... 71 827 1,000 l * 000 1* 000 Woodsfield 21 863 2,200 Cameron West Virginia... Grave Creek 18 879 lj 600 l' 600 1 600 Avella.. Pennsylvania... Cross Creek 14 909 1,000 1 000 1 ’ 000 Salineville Ohio Riley Run 12 931 1,500 1 500 Lisbon. 24 942 3; 400 3,400 3U00 Beaver. Salem _ _do . ...do 48 942 12, 000 12 000 Burgettstown. Pennsylvania... Raccoon Creek 32 951 1,000 l' 000 1’ 000 Oakdale do 15 978 1,600 1 600 McDonald do .. .do. 18 978 3,100 3* 100 Bridgeville do 9 978 4, 200 4 200 4 200 Canonsburg do do 25 978 13,000 13 000 13*000 Houston do do 26 978 1,600 ...do .. L600 lj 600 Washington do 35 978 28,000 28 000 4 200 65 smaller sources. 65, 300 (4) 67! 900 24; 000 Total: Illinois. 20,900 20 900 R 300 Indiana 13,100 43 700 36 300 Kentucky 20, 500 20’ 500 10’ 700 Ohio 47, 300 47,800 17 000 Pennsylvania 58,200 58, 200 30,900 West Virginia 7,800 7, 900 7, 700 Total, all minor tributaries __ __ 167,800 199,000 no, 900 4 9 places, primary treatment; 28 places, secondary treatment; remaining 28 places, no treatment. Industrial wastes.—Relatively little organic industrial waste enters the minor tributaries. Table M-4 shows the industrial wastes to be equivalent in oxygen demand to sewage from 31,200 people, almost all of which comes from canneries and meat-pacldng plants. Most of these are located on small streams in Indiana. Table M-4.—Minor tributary basins: Summary of industrial wastes not dis- charged to municipal treatment plants with total industrial waste load in the basin Number Industrial-waste disposal At least minor Estimated sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Industry of plants Municipal sewers Private outlets corrective measures taken Canning... . 6 6 5 13,300 16,700 Meat . 7 7 7 Milk... 2 2 1 '300 Steel 4 4 2 Miscellaneous 5 i 4 1 Wastes unconnected municipal treatment 24 i 23 16 30,300 900 31, 200 266 OHIO RIVER pollution control Acid mine drainage.—Probably the most damaging pollution to which the minor tributaries of the Ohio are subjected is from acid mine drainage which affects streams in the upper part of the basin, particularly above Marietta, Ohio, and in the lower part of the basin where the Saline and Tradewater Rivers are the largest acid streams. The total acid load in the entire area before mine sealing is estimated at about 230,000 tons per year. Some 53,000 tons have been removed by sealing. More than 80 percent of the acid is from the area above Huntington. This problem is discussed in a section of the report on acid mine drainage. Presentation of Laboratory Data The maps which show coliform, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand results on the main Ohio River also show similar data on its minor tributaries. Summaries of laboratory results are shown on table M-7 (p. 270). Sampling of these areas was done concurrently with work on the adjacent sections of the Ohio River but was generally less intensive than on the main stream or the larger tributaries. PITTSBURGH TO HUNTINGTON In general, coliform counts were high along the minor tributaries in this section. A number of the streams were heavily acid. Acid data are summarized in table M-7A. Oxygen conditions were gen- erally rather good except on Chartiers Creek below Washington and Canonsburg, Pa., and on some of the very small tributaries. HUNTINGTON TO CINCINNATI None of the minor tributaries on this section were found to be heavily polluted although a number of them showed moderately high coliform counts below some of the small sources of pollution. Oxygen results were good, with biochemical oxygen demands generally below 3 parts per million and dissolved oxygen over 6.5 parts per million. The tributaries in this section also were found to be in generally good condition. Local pollution was evidenced on Laugliery Creek at Batesville, Ind., Hogan Creek at Aurora, Ind., Harrods Creek at La Grange, Ky., and Goose Creek at Anchorage, Ky. CINCINNATI TO LOUISVILLE LOUISVILLE TO MOUTH This section includes the two largest of the Ohio River’s minor tributaries, the Saline and Tradewater Rivers which enter the main stream about 110 miles above its mouth. Several of the tributaries of the Saline were found to be acid. Low dissolved oxygen, high biochemical oxygen demands, and high coliform counts were found below Eldorado and Harrisburg, 111. In the Tradewater Basin local pollution was found at Dawson Springs, Sturgis, and Providence, Ky., and acid was found at Earlington and Providence. Both the Tradewater and Saline were in good sanitary condition at their OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 267 mouths during the sampling period. Acid results on these streams are summarized below: Station Month 1940 Num- ber of samples pH Average acidity, parts per million Average iron, parts per million Methyl red Phenolphthalein Ferrous Total Hot Cold Saline River: 1 2.8 1,228 2,505 2,404 500 750 3 4.2 ' 405 940 536 1 8 i 50 __ _do 3 3.1 548 1,340 774 2 6 2145 3 4.3 103 445 202 2 12 2103 Tradewater River: Earlington November 3 3.3 241 1.024 891 456 475 1 3.6 98 169 157 2 12 Do November 1 6.7 76 64 5 10 11 sample only. 2 Average 2 samples only. Other places where more or less heavy pollution was found were on Cypress Creek below Boonville, Ind., Indian Creek below Corydon, Ind., Beargrass Creek at Louisville, Ky., Lost Creek below Morgan- held, Ky., and Crooked Creek below Marion, Ky. River Chartiers Chartiers Chartiers Middle Middle North Goose Creek Creek Creek Fork Fork Fork Creek Little Short Cedar Beaver Creek Creek Location Below Below Above Below Below Below Below Washing- Canons- Carnegie, Salem, Cadiz, Kentucky Anchor- ton, Pa. burg, Pa. Pa. Ohio Ohio State age, Ky. River miles above— Confluence with Ohio 34 23 8.5 37 25 9 4 Mouth of Ohio 1 - 978 978 978 942 900 385 384 Period, 1940 October October October June- October July- July- July August August Number of samples 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 Fow in cubic feet per second: 1 m 24 W ater temperature ° C 14.7 14.3 11.0 21.5 10.0 27.8 24.2 Coliforms per milliliter.. 4,800 587 6 102 5,960 9,510 114,000 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million _ . 0.5 1.6 5.3 5.8 5.4 1.9 .0 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 15.9 8.3 8.0 2.6 9.3 28.2 52.0 River Beargrass Indian Cypress Lost Drainage Pankey Crooked Creek Creek Creek Creek ditch Fork Creek Location Near Below Below Below Below Below Below mouth Corydon, Boon- Morgan- Eldorado, Harris- Marion, Ind. ville, Ind. field, Ky. 111. burg, 111. Ky. River miles above— Confluence with Ohio 0.1 16 1 7 38 34 10 Mouth of Ohio 379 323 205 138 114 114 103 Period, 1940 __ .. October August October October- August August October- Novem- Novem- ber ber Number of samples 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: 1 1 1 (?) Water temperature °C 17.5 26.5 14.8 13.7 32.5 26.2 16.2 Coliforms per milliliter 46,000 23,800 11,200 4, 730 15,600 16 3,000 Dissolved oxygen parts per mil- lion 0 4.7 0 6.5 0 1.8 3.7 ■Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 51.2 6.9 35.6 7.2 31.8 10.4 16.3 1 Miles from mouth of Ohio to mouth of tributary. * Less than one. Table M-5.—Minor tributary basins; selected laboratory data 268 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Hydrometric Data Sixteen stream-gaging stations have been maintained at various times on minor tributaries of the Ohio. Five of these stations are currently in operation. Table M-6 shows data on low summer flows at a few of the stations. Table M-6.— ■Minor tributary basins: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred River Chartiers Little Middle Raccoon Creek Beaver Island Creek Creek Location Carnegie, East Liver- Little, Adams- Pa. pool, Ohio W. Va. ville, Ohio River miles above— Confluence with Ohio 8 4 25 25 Mouth of Ohio 1 978 942 827 705 Drainage area ..square miles.. 204 505 458 587 Period of record 1919-33 1915-40 1915-20, 1915-35, 1925-40 1938-40 Year 1927 1932 1930 1930 June..- cubic feet per second.. 325 76 11 29 July.-.- _do 135 131 2 11 August do 62 26 0 14 September ...do 24 17 0 3 Year 1929 1930 1932 1922 June cubic feet per second __ 155 102 54 548 July— do 96 30 255 72 August 44 22 166 7 September do 26 28 2 152 Year 1932 1939 1936 1932 June .cubic feet per second.. 60 359 5 57 July _do 67 226 108 255 August do-.. 30 103 34 25 September do 26 29 6 11 1 Miles above mouth of Ohio at mouth of tributary stream. A large part of the flow of Chartiers Creek is mine drainage. Other minor tributaries are subject to extremely low flows. Proposed flow regulation.—One of the reservoir sites studied by the United States Engineer Department for Ohio River flood control is located on Twelvepole Creek, a minor tributary which enters the Ohio River near Huntington, W. Va. This is a relatively clean stream receiving a small amount of sewage from one rural community. Low-flow regulation by the proposed reservoir would have no appre- ciable tangible value for pollution abatement. Discussion Pollution problems on the minor tributaries of the Ohio are pre- dominantly local in nature and are concerned primarily with preven- tion or correction of offensive conditions in small streams subject to extremely low flows. An exception to this is the acid problem which must be attacked on a more or less basin-wide scale, at least in the upper third of the Ohio Basin. None of the nine surface water supplies shown in table M-2 is subject to heavy sewage pollution and although adequate bacteriological data are not available, it is probable that the water-treatment plants are not overloaded. Several of the OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 269 water supplies are affected by acid mine drainage, notably the Harris- burg, 111., supply. Recreational use of these minor tributaries is extensive, particularly ip the neighborhood of the large Ohio River cities. The small tribu- taries are usually the cleanest streams for water sports and the rugged terrain through which most of them run is attractive for summer cottages. Even in the upper part of the basin, where mine acid has damaged many of the streams, there are some which are notable for their recreational value. The low flows to which most of the streams are subject make rather complete treatment of wastes necessary for the prevention of local nuisance conditions. Each stream, however, presents more of an individual problem than is the case in the larger tributary basins where the effects of pollution may be felt more generally. Most of the sewage is already being treated. Some of the existing plants appear to be inadequate. Estimated costs of a suggested program for abatement of sewage and industrial waste pollution are summarized in table M-l. Reduction in the mine acid load is badly needed. The cost of work to accomplish this is shown in the section on acid mine drainage. 270 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL —* Sampling point / Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Chartiers Creek above city limits, OCh 37 Oct. 7,1940 18. 0 8.2 85.4 1.3 46 6.8 5 108 Washington, Pa. Do . _do Oct. 15,1940 14.0 6.2 59.3 1.5 9 6. 5 12 152 Do do Oct. 23,1940 7.0 9.5 77.7 .6 2 6.6 12 161 Do do.. Nov. 12,1940 15 8.5 9.3 79. 1 1.2 46 6.9 21 127 Do do.__ Nov. 25,1940 16 4.5 10. 4 79.8 .9 21 6. 7 8 149 Do do Dec. 5,1940 12 4.0 12.9 98.1 1 3 43 6. 7 10 124 Do... . do._ Dec. 17,1940 12 3. 5 11.5 86. 2 .5 23 6. 9 20 98 Do do__ Dec. 1940 8.5 10.3 87.9 .8 46 6. 7 7 129 Chartiers Creek, 2 tniles below sew- OCh 34 Oct. 7,1940 20.0 0 0 34.5 1,100 6.7 71 146 age treatment plant, Washington, Pa. Do do.__ Oct. 15,1940 15.0 1.5 14.8 / 6.2 } 11,000 5.8 115 15 \ 1 42. 2 Do do._ Oct. 23,1940 9.0 0 0 / 6.9 } 2,300 5.9 145 19 \ 1 24. 6 Do do__ Noy. 12,1940 19 8.5 5.5 47. 2 13. 5 24,000 7.1 40 132 Do do_ Nov. 25,1940 24 4.5 6.7 51. 6 9.1 9, 300 6.8 26 135 Do do._ Dec. 5,1940 22 3. 0 9.9 73. 4 7.6 2, 300 6. 7 90 92 Do___ do__ Dec. 17; 1940 18 4.0 10.0 76.3 4.7 2,300 7. 0 30 107 Do do Dec. 27,1940 10.0 6.7 59.1 10.6 11,000 6.9 28 135 Chartiers Creek, 0.1 mile below OCh 29 Oct. 7; 1940 18.5 0 0 23.5 1,100 6.7 98 135 Meadowlands, Pa. Do do Oct. 15,1940 14. 0 0 0 40.6 110,000 6.6 90 138 Do do Oct. 23,1940 8.5 0 0 44.0 0 6.3 140 65 Do do Nov. 12,1940 24 8.5 1.0 8.5 12.0 4,600 6.8 46 110 Do do Nov. 25,1940 41 5.5 1.9 15. 4 21. 7 2, 300 6.8 38 138 Do do__ Dec. 5,' 1940 27 3.0 8.6 63.8 16. 3 2, 300 6. 5 100 16 Do do__ Dec. 17,1940 31 3.5 8.0 60.4 6.2 2, 300 7.1 40 110 Do do Dec. 27,1940 10.0 2. 4 21.3 12.9 4,600 6.7 35 110 Chartiers Creek, below Houston, Pa__ OCh 26.. Oct. 7,1940 18.0 2.5 25.9 / 3.5 ) 39 5.6 88 7 Do_ do Oct. 15,1940 13.5 0 0 \ 1 4. 4 11.0 93 6.0 93 7 Do do Oct. 23i 1940 8.0 5.1 43.1 6. 6 240 6. 5 22 71 Do do Nov. 12,1940 36 7.5 3.6 29.9 5.0 93 6.6 68 49 Do do__ Nov. 25,1940 58 5.0 6.9 53.8 3. 1 1,100 6.8 33 91 Do do 38 1.0 10.9 76.6 5.4 ' 430 6. 7 45 92 Do do Dec. 17,1940 40 4. 0 8.8 67.0 5.8 2,400 7.1 30 99 Do.. Dec. 27,1940 9.0 7.0 60.4 5.7 2,400 6.9 18 118 Table M-7.-—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL OCh 23_ Oct. 7,194 0 19.0 2.4 25.6 / 5.0 } 1,100 4.0 23 nonsburg, Pa. \ 1 17. 8 Do do__ Oct. 15,1940 15.0 2.0 19.8 I 230 3.3 28 Do do Oct. 23,1940 9.0 .3 2.4 12.9 430 6.0 32 11 Do do Nov. 12,1940 42 9.5 2.8 24. 1 5.6 230 6.4 ) '34 6 Do do._ Nov. 25,1940 73 6.0 7.5 1 59.9 11.4 23 6.2 1 22 8 Do . ... do.. Dec. 5,1940 44 1.0 12.3 86.5 5.8 460 6.8 70 80 Do do.. Dec. 17,1940 51 4.0 10.5 79.8 5.6 4,600 7.2 30 98 Do do.. Dec. 27,1940 9.0 9.3 80.4 5.9 11,000 7.0 23 122 OCh 21 Oct. 7,1940 18.0 .9 9.4 4.1 460 6.6 90 36 ganza, Pa. Do do Oct. 15,1940 13.0 2.4 23.1 r 7. i } 4,600 5.5 108 5 Do do.. __ Oct. 23,1940 8.5 1.6 13. 6 15.6 910 6. 1 115 13 Do . .. do Nov. 12, 1940 42 7.0 5.0 40.7 3.0 91 6.4 68 23 Do Nov. 25,1940 75 4.5 7. 2 55.6 7.1 93 6.2 35 8 Do -. Dec. 5,1940 45 1.0 12.1 84.9 7.3 93 6.7 70 56 Do Dec. 17,1940 52 4.5 9.8 75. 7 3.4 240 7.0 40 63 Do Dec. 27,1940 9.0 9.1 78. 2 5.5 240 7.1 23 136 OChM 16.5 Oct. 1,1940 13.0 10.9 103.0 6.4 0 3.1 13 Do ... do Oct. 1940 12.0 8.7 80.0 7. 1 0 3.0 16 Do - do.. Oct. 17,1940 4.0 12.4 94.2 / 6.4 I 0 2.8 38 Do do... Oct. 24,1940 10.0 9.4 83.4 l '-0 f 6.5 1 I 0 3.0 49 * Do do Nov. 5,1940 9.5 10. 1 88.3 i ' 2. 8 / 7.2 } 0 4.5 79 15 Do do Nov. 18,1940 2 1.0 12.5 87.7 / 6.3 J I 0 4.5 120 8 Do do Nov. 29,1940 9 2.0 12.4 89.7 \ ' 2. 8 .8 J 11 6.4 60 84 Do do Dec. 11,1940 4 3.0 12.6 93.3 .9 110 6.3 55 100 Do do Dec. 23,1940 2 4.5 10.6 • 81.5 f 1-7 ) 9 5.6 150 12 OChM 15.5 Oct. 1,1940 13.0 9.4 88. 7 f 7.3 J I 0 3.0 6 Do do Oct. 8,1940 12.5 9.1 84.8 l 1 1.7 1 0 3.0 18 Do .. do.. Oct. 17,1940 3.5 11.7 88.2 \ * f 7-4 I 0 2.8 12 Do do Oct. 24,1940 10.0 9.2 80.9 l ’ 1- 9 / 6.5 J I 0 3.1 15 Do . do Nov. 5,1940 9.0 9.8 84.6 \ ' 2. 6 / -9 J I 11 5.3 94 8 \ '2.0 J Do Nov. 18,1940 3 0.0 12. 2 83. 5 f 6.3 1 0 5.0 110 11 Do Nov. 29,1940 13 2.0 12.8 92. 3 \ ' 2. 4 .8 J 11 6.6 55 99 Do do Dec. ll’ 1940 8 3.0 12.4 92.4 .8 110 6.8 80 99 Do do. Dec. 23,1940 2 4.0 10.0 76.2 ( 44 \ 23 5.4 220 24 1 Seeded and neutralized. l J 8 Less than one. 90035—44—pt. 2 9 272 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion OChR 22.5 Oct. 2,1940 12. C 8.1 74.4 1.6 110 7.4 45 237 Do Oct. 10.1940 6.0 7.1 57.2 1.2 93 7.0 8 259 Do Oct. 21,1940 5.0 8.0 62.1 . 1 150 6.6 6 244 Do do Oct. 28,1940 8.0 9.2 77.9 7.6 1,100 6.8 12 236 Do __do Nov. 7,1940 (2) 5.0 10.6 82.8 1.0 43 6.8 18 220 Do . do Nov. 20,1940 (2) 4.5 10.3 79. 1 . 5 460 6. 5 10 231 Do do Dec. 3,1940 (2) 0.0 12.6 85.9 .6 15 6.8 15 203 Do . _do Dec. 13,1940 (2) 6.0 10.9 87.2 .9 23 6.8 35 169 OChR 21.5 Oct. 2,1940 11.0 9.8 88.2 f 0.9 } (2) 3.2 28 Do . do ... _ Oct. 10,1940 6.5 10.5 84.9 l '1.2 1 -7 } (2) 3.1 31 Do Oct. 21,1949 5.5 11. 1 87.9 l 'hi / .1-5 J } 1 2.9 42 Do Oct. 28,1940 8.0 10.6 89.0 ( 1-7 } 1 3.2 36 Do do Nov. 7,1940 1 5.0 11.5 89.7 l '-9 f . !•? J } (2) 4.5 39 5 Do do Nov. 20,1940 1 4.5 12.2 94.2 / . 10 J V } (2) 4.4 40 8 Do . .... Dec. 3,1940 2 1.5 13.0 92.4 f . _-8 J v 1 (2) 4.6 85 5 Do ... . do Dec. 13,1940 1 5.5 11.1 88.1 .6 1 v' 24 6.1 50 23 OChR 19. Oct. 2,1940 12.0 10.4 96.4 / 7.5 I 0 2.9 37 Donald, Pa. l 1 M / Do do._ Oct. 10,1940 6.5 8.4 76.3 ) '•0 \ o 2.8 32 Do do. Oct. 21,1940 5.0 9.5 74.3 { W I 0 2.4 28 Do do___ Oct. 28,1940 7.5 10.4 86.6 / t 7- 5 I 0 2.8 17 Do do_ - Nov. 7,1940 2 4.5 11.5 88.5 / 6.8 J \ (2) 3. 5 87 Do do. Nov. 20,1940 2 5.0 11.8 91.9 \ 1 1. 4 f 8.1 3.3 90 Do do. Doc. 3,1940 4 1.0 14.6 102.4 1 1 1. 9 f 6.9 \ (2) 4.0 170 Do do. Dec. 13,1940 2 6.5 11.3 91.5 \ 1 1. 8 / 3.0 } (*) 4. 5 100 6 \ 1 1. 2 Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL OChR 17.5 2,1940 14.0 8. 2 78.9 f 7.1 l 3. 1 152 McDonald, Pa. \ 1 7. 3 Do ___ Oct. 10,1940 0.5 10.0 81.2 J * r } (*> 2.9 138 Do Oct. 21,1940 5. 5 10.3 81. 2 / 7.0 j } i 2.4 225 Do Oct. 28,1940 9.0 11.0 94.9 \ 1 6.1 f 5.7 (•> 3.1 195 Do 7, 1940 2 4.0 11.0 84.0 \ 1 7. 3 f 6.4 J } 4 4.2 70 Do 20, 1940 2 6.0 12.0 93.7 \ 1 3.0 f 9.0 ) 110 3.7 75 Do . 3, 1940 5 0 14.1 96.3 \ 1 4. 4 1 7 A } 4 4.3 150 5 Do 13,1940 3 7.0 10.8 88.7 ( .1! I 9 4.6 110 8 OChRNf 15 5 1,1940 11. 5 10. 7 97. 8 / 1.0 I 0 2.8 4 above Oakdale, Pa. \ 1 1. 4 Do 8,1940 12. 5 7. 2 66. 8 r ° 2.9 4 Do 17,1940 4.0 12.0 91.6 f 1.3 } 0 2.6 4 Do Oct. 24,1940 10.0 10.2 89.8 I 1 1. 3 / -9 2.9 4 Do 5,1940 9. 5 10.8 93.9 \ 1 1.7 f 1.5 I • 3.3 11 Do 18,1940 3 . 5 11.9 82. 5 t i 1.2 f 1.9 } (2) 3.3 95 Do 29,1940 17 4.0 12. 9 98.5 :>i } 11 3.2 85 Do 11,1940 3.0 12.8 95.1 f 1.0 0 2.8 85 Do 23,1940 4.5 12. 2 94.0 l 'll / -9 } 0 2.9 60 OChR 15 5 Oct. 1,1940 12 0 10.3 95. 3 \ ] 1. 2 / 7.9 } 0 2.9 19 dale, Pa. { '2.4 Do 8, 1940 11.0 9.0 81. 3 6.9 0 3.0 17 Do . Oct. 17,1940 4. 0 9. 0 68. 5 J 7.8 } 0 2.8 24 Do . 24, 1940 10. 0 7. 6 66.8 \ 1 6. 0 f 6.3 \ 0 3.1 52 Do 5,1940 10 5 10.1 90.0 \ 1 3. 7 / 8.3 3.8 48 Do 1R 1940 5 12 3 85.0 1 1 5.4 / 7.9 } 24 3.7 110 Do 29 1940 24 3 5 12 9 97.3 l 1 5.0 / 4.9 } ° 4.4 85 9 Do ... 11,1940 g 3 0 12 4 92.0 \ 1 2. 0 / 6.6 ) (2) 3.8 130 Do. . - 92 1940 3.5 12.2 91.9 l i 2.9 / 6.2 1 5 3.8 120 : J 1 Seeded and neutralized. l 1 1.6 J 2 Less than one. 1 1 274 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average discharge, cubic feet per second Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Robinson Run, % mile below Oak- dale, Pa. Do OChR 14.5 Oct. 1,1940 Oct. 8,1940 Oct. 17,1940 Oct. 24,1940 Nov. 5,1940 12.0 9.5 87.3 / Al I 0 2.8 17 11.5 6.9 62.7 i 3.3 J 0 3.0 8 Do do 3.5 10.2 76.8 / J? } 0 2.7 11 Do do 10.0 7.7 68.2 | 48 1 » 3.0 \ 6.2 J i 4.6 / 5.3 1 1 2. 7 f 3.3 \ i 1.4 f 4.3 X 12.3 j 3.4 \ * 2.1 / 8.8 1 i 8.0 / 8.4 l 13.7 f 7.2 X i 13. 1 f 7.5 \ i 28. 4 / 7.3 l i 18. 5 / 5.3 1 i 7.0 2.9 » 3.1 14 Do do. 10.5 10.1 89.9 , 3.5 32 Do do Nov. 18,1940 Nov. 29,1940 Dec. 11,1940 Dec. 23,1940 Oct. 1,1940 8 .0 13.3 91.0 } 4 3.5 75 Do do 42 1.5 14.0 99.9 } 1 3.9 85 Do do 14 2.5 12.9 94.6 } 1,100 3.1 90 Do . . do 7 4.0 12.5 95.3 0 3.0 110 Chartiers Creek, above Carnegie, Pa- Do .. OCh 8.5 14.0 7.0 67.3 } 14 3.9 25 do__ Oct. 8,1940 13.5 4.2 40.2 } 9 3.4 17 Do .. do Oct. 17,1940 5.5 6.0 47.6 } 2 3.4 14 Do Oct. 24,1940 Nov. 5,1940 Nov. 18,1940 Nov. 29,1940 Dec. 11,1940 11.0 4.1 36.9 } 0 3.4 11 Do _ _ do __ 11.0 8.1 73.3 } 11 5.3 90 11 Do do 78 2.0 10.7 77.1 , 5.1 95 8 Do do_ 134 1.5 11.7 83.5 110 6.3 125 12 Do do.__ 93 3.5 11.0 83.0 2.6 23 6.0 05 30 Do do.. Dec. 23,1940 Oct. 1,1940 Oct. 8,1940 Oct. 17,1940 Oct. 24,1940 81 4.5 10.3 79.4 3.5 93 6.1 120 52 Chartiers Creek, below Carnegie, Pa. Do OCh 0.5 14.5 6.2 60.5 / 7.8 \ i 7.9 j .5 X * 3.8 r 7,o \ 121.9 f 7.3 X ‘17.8 I 6 3.2 35 do 15.0 6.2 60.9 } 46 4.0 34 Do do... 7.5 6.9 57.2 } 14 3.3 28 Do do... 12.0 5.6 51.7 * 3.5 64 j Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Do Nov. 5,1940 11.0 8.2 74.5 / 8.3 } 9 5.0 71 7 1 » 18. 9 Do.... do__ Nov. 18,1940 86 2.0 9.3 67.5 J 8 0 } no 5.2 130 12 l 1 20.2 Do... do___ Nov. 29,1940 Dec. 11,1940 Dec. 23,1940 178 2. 0 11. 6 83.6 86.0 84.1 3.8 5.4 [ 23 240 \ 4 6.1 6.0 5.4 90 90 110 8 24 11 Do 112 4. 0 11.3 Do do 90 5.0 10.8 \ i 8. 6 r 4 Raccoon Creek, J4 mile above Bur- ORa 32.5 Oct. 2,1940 13.0 9.1 85.7 ; 6.4 j 0 2.9 88 gettstown, Pa. l * 2.1 / Do do... Oct. 10,1940 10.0 9.0 79.4 0 2.8 63 l 14.8 Do do. Oct. 21,1940 9.5 9.2 80.3 / 7.0 } 0 2.5 162 \ i 2. 8 Do do Oct. 28,1940 12.0 11.5 106.3 / 6.4 • 2.9 112 \ 1 3. 5 Do do Nov. 7,1940 5 7.0 10.9 89.2 \ 2 3.9 108 l >2.6 i Do do Nov. 20,1940 4 7.5 10. 5 87.2 87.4 / 7.5 \ i 3.4 4.5 170 230 Do Dec. 3,1940 13 1.0 12.4 l l 1.8 ( 7-2 ) } 0 8 \ > 2. .8 Do do__ Dec. 13,1940 Oct. 2,1940 5 6.0 11.5 10.4 10.2 83.6 92.7 5.6 2.9 130 33 32 Eaccoon Creek, mile below Bur- ORa 31,5... \ >1.5 / 6.5 f } (3) gettstown, Pa. l >2.8 Do. do Oct. 10,1940 8.0 7.7 64.9 f 7.5 \ 0 2.5 4 1 >4.0 Do.. Oct. 21,1940 6.5 9.7 78.4 f JO \ o 2.5 45 l >2.0 f Do do Oct. 28,1940 9.0 9.6 82.7 \ 7-4 1 0 2.9 30 l > 3.7 1 Do Nov. 7,1940 7 5.5 11.1 87.6 f 7.5 * 3.4 148 L > 3. 5 Do Nov. 20,1940 6 5.5 11.1 88.1 r \ 1 3.3 120 \ >3.0 1 Do. do. Dec. 3,1940 17 . 0 13.3 90.8 / , V 4.3 200 6 l 1 4.0 J 1 Do Dec. 13,1940 10 6.5 11.7 94.7 r j 0 4.2 180 l >1.6 r Eaccoon Creek, at mouth ORa 0.5 Nov. 7,1940 7.0 4.0 5.5 3.0 5.0 3.5 11.2 12.0 11.1 12.6 12.0 12.0 91.6 91.2 88.0 93.6 93.9 90.3 } (*) (2) } « 4.9 6.1 4.9 5.9 6.7 5.8 3 5 Do.. do Nov. 15,1940 Nov. 25,1940 Dec. 11,1940 Dec. 17,1940 Dec. 23,1940 neutralized. 57 \ I 2.0 .6 f 2.8 6 5 Do do 59 6 23 22 22 1 Do do l >3.2 ( .8 ii 8 7 Do... do. 71 1 i 1.3 / z (>) } « n one. Do do. 65 ( -7 * Seeded and l >2.2 2 Less tha 276 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average - Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, most probable number per milli- liter PH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion OLbMf 37 28,1940 (2) 18. 5 9.5 100. 5 1.9 43 8.0 13 135 mile above Salem, Ohio. T)n do July 10, 1940 (2) 22 0 5. 4 61.7 2.9 23 7.5 Do do July 29,1940 2 24.0 2. 6 30.2 3.1 240 6.8 OLbMf 32 June 28,1940 5 19. 0 5 6 60.3 4.7 91 7.4 132 140 4 miles below Salem, Ohio. Do do July 10,1940 3 21.5 5.9 66.2 2.0 23 7.6 7 202 Do July 29,1940 32 25.0 4.1 49.0 12.7 240 7.6 15 172 OLbMf 35.5 26,1940 1 13. 5 8.9 85.2 6.4 460 7.1 64 above Leetonia, Ohio. Do June 28,1940 1 18.5 8.8 92.8 .6 23 7.4 Do July 10,1940 1 20. 5 6.0 66.2 .9 2 7.2 OLbMf 33 5 26,1940 3 17.0 6.3 64.4 2.2 73 7.6 107 below Leetonia, Ohio. Do - do June 28,1940 4 19.5 6. 4 68.8 2.6 91 7.4 20 194 Do _ do. __ July 10,1940 2 21.0 5.3 59.3 .8 91 7.4 18 214 OLbMf 25 26,1940 38 16.5 8.7 88.6 1.2 9 7.3 109 above Lisbon, Ohio. Do -- do Sept. 26,1940 11.5 9.5 86.5 1.5 43 7.0 8 120 Do do Oet. 3,1940 12.0 9.2 84.9 1.0 4 7.0 8 128 Do do Oct. 22,1940 3.0 11.0 81.4 .6 2 6.3 9 131 Do do Oct. 31.1940 6.0 9.6 77.1 1.7 11 7.3 9 147 Do ___do Nov. 8,1940 22 4.5 11.3 87.3 1.1 46 6.8 6 107 Do ___ .do Nov. 22,1940 20 10.0 11.1 97.7 .8 93 6.6 5 115 Do do... Dec. 4,1940 37 0 13.5 92.1 1.5 430 6.6 5 80 Do do.. Dec. 16,1940 25 5.0 12.6 98.6 1.2 430 6.6 30 64 Do Dec. 26,1940 4.5 12.7 97.6 1.3 230 6.7 5 84 Middle Fork, Little Beaver, 2 miles OLbMf 22 June 26,1940 60 19.0 8.1 86.4 1.8 2,400 7.9 10 103 188 below Lisbon, Ohio. Do - do Sept. 26,1940 11.0 8.8 79. 1 2.1 460 7.2 11 J 21 Do do - Oct. 3. 1940 12.5 6.9 64.7 2.9 91 7.1 12 131 Do do Oct. 22,1940 3.0 9.1 67.4 4.6 930 6.3 18 136 Do do Oct. 31,1940 7.5 9.2 76.9 2.1 430 7.1 8 137 Do - do Nov. 8,1940 23 4.0 10.8 82.5 2.2 240 7.0 9 113 Do do - Nov. 22,1940 21 9.0 10.7 92.6 1.3 460 6.8 8 116 Do do Dec. 4,1940 38 1.5 13.6 97.1 1.8 230 6.6 5 77 Do do Dec. 16,1940 26 5.0 12.0 93.8 3.5 930 6.7 45 54 Do do... Dec. 26,1940 3. 5 12.4 93.2 2.4 430 6.8 11 83 OLbL 17.5 26,1940 1 19.0 8.8 93.6 2.8 4 8.3 90 Palestine, Ohio. Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 277 OLbL 14.5 7 16.5 9.4 95.9 2.8 430 7.9 5 127 180 Palestine, Ohio. OLb 0.2 Sent. 26,1940 13.5 10.3 98.0 1.3 43 7.0 16 90 Do do Sept. 30,1940 14.5 9.5 92.7 1.0 4 6.7 15 50 Do do. Oct. 2,1940 15.0 9.7 95.6 .6 (2) 6.5 5 46 Do . do Oct. 4,1940 15.5 9.6 95.7 .6 (2) 6.4 8 58 Do .. do__ Oct. 8,1940 16.0 9.2 92.4 1.1 5 6.6 9 50 Do do Oct. 10,1940 13.5 10.0 95.2 1.0 2 6.4 10 58 Do .. do Oct. 14.1940 13.5 9.6 91.3 .9 46 6.4 9 54 Do do Oct. 16,1940 13.0 9.8 92.1 1.2 46 6.4 8 45 Do ... do Oct. 18,1940 12.5 10.2 95.2 1.1 9 6.2 7 45 Do do Oct. 22,1940 9.0 11.1 95.9 1.1 9 6.0 8 67 Do do Oct. 24,1940 12.0 10.4 96.2 1.1 9 6.4 7 52 Do do Oct. 28,1940 11.5 10.4 94.9 1.0 9 6.3 8 44 Do . do ... Oct. 30,1940 11.5 10.3 94.1 .7 4 7.1 6 58 Do do Nov. 1,1940 10. 5 10.8 95.9 1.2 9 7.1 6 79 Do . do Nov. 5,1940 9.5 10.9 95.4 2.0 9 6.4 8 107 Do do Nov. 7,1940 6.0 11.7 93.8 .8 2 6.9 5 94 Do . do Nov. 13,1940 5.0 12.3 96.2 1.1 24 7.0 15 85 Do . . do Nov. 15,1940 3.5 12.7 95.3 .8 2 6.9 7 84 Do do Nov. 19,1940 1.0 14.1 99.3 1.0 (j) 6.5 10 84 Do . do Nov. 25,1940 5.0 12.6 98.2 .9 i 6.8 6 93 Do . . do Nov. 27,1940 2.0 13.0 94.1 2.5 110 6.8 85 67 Do do Nov. 29,1940 .5 14.0 96.9 1.5 36 6.5 18 54 Do .. do Dec. 5,1940 .5 14. 1 97.7 1.1 9 6.8 22 61 Do .. do Dec. 9,1940 .5 14.3 99.0 1.0 110 6.4 5 69 Do do Dec. 11,1940 2.0 13.6 98.3 1.0 9 6.5 63 Do do Dec. 13,1940 4. 5 12.4 95.6 1.2 2 6.6 23 61 Do Dec. 17,1940 4.0 12.5 95.0 2.6 11 7.0 130 41 Do Dec. 19,1940 1.0 13.8 97.0 .8 3 6.6 17 39 Do .... do Dec. 23,1940 3.0 13.2 97.5 .9 43 6.5 12 60 Do ... do Dec. 31,1940 3.5 12.8 96.0 1.1 46 6.9 60 24 Do ...do Jan. 2,1941 4.5 12.5 96.5 .7 9 6.8 18 33 OY 25 Oct. 22,1940 2.5 12.1 88.8 .9 9 6.4 7. 97 sterdam, Ohio. Do .. do Oct. 31,1940 6.5 10.6 86.2 2.0 11 7 9 8 69 Do... Nov. 8,1940 2 2.5 13.0 95.4 1.0 460 7.1 8 73 Do do Nov. 22,1940 2 11.0 11.4 103.1 .8 39 7.1 10 69 Do.... Dec. 4,1940 6 2.0 14.0 101.5 .7 46 6.8 5 54 Do Dec. 16,1940 3 8.0 11.6 97.6 1.4 43 6.8 130 35 Do do Dec. 26,1940 5.5 12.3 97.1 .8 23 6.8 15 45 OY 23.5 Oct. 22,1940 4.0 12.4 94.2 1.2 93 6.3 6 60 dam, Ohio. Do Oct. 31,1940 6.5 10.7 87.1 1.1 240 7.3 8 59 Do .. Nov. 8*1940 3 3.0 12.6 93.3 .9 4 6.8 10 48 Do Nov. 22,1940 3 11. 5 11. 1 101.5 .8 24 7.0 5 59 Do Dec. 4,1940 7 2.0 13.6 98.1 1.0 23 6.7 6 45 Do Dec. 16' 1940 4 8.0 11.8 99.2 1.7 75 6.8 130 36 Do 1 .do ... . Dec. 26i 1940 5.0 11.9 93.1 .7 240 6.9 28 38 2 Less than one. 278 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, most probable Dumber per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Riley Run, % mile above Saline- OYR 13 Sept. 26,1940 10.0 11.2 98.4 .8 93 7. 3 8 30 ville, Ohio. Do do Oct. 3,1940 12.0 9.8 90.3 .7 9 7 0 7 Do do Oct. 22,1940 1.5 12.0 85. 4 1. 2 15 6 3 22 Do do Oct. 31,1940 5.0 11.1 87.0 1. 5 4 7. 3 0 Do ____ Nov. 8,1940 1 2.5 12.8 93. 7 .7 24 7 1 7 Do Nov. 22,1940 1 10. 5 11.2 99.6 . 5 24 6 9 5 Do do Dec. 4,1940 2 2.0 13. 7 99. 2 . 8 4 6 8 Do do Dec. 16', 1940 2 7.0 11. 7 96. 3 2.0 24 6 8 210 Do . do Dec. 26', 1940 5.0 12.4 96.9 .8 93 6 9 6 Riley Run, J4 mile below Saline- OYR 11.5 Sept. 26,1940 10.5 11.4 101.7 1.1 240 7.2 3 41 ville, Ohio. • / Do.__ do Oct. 3,1940 12.5 9. 6 89. 8 1.3 28 7 0 Tran** Do do Oct. 22' 1940 2.0 11. 8 84. 9 1. 5 93 6. 2 4 Do do Oct. 31 j 1940 6.0 11.0 87.8 .8 460 7. 2 3 Do Nov. 8' 1940 3 3.0 12.4 91.8 . 5 23. 6. 9 3 45 Do do Nov. 22', 1940 3 11. 5 11.0 100. 5 . 7 43 6 9 3 Do do_ __ Dec. 4! 1940 5 3.0 13. 7 101.7 . 8 23 6 8 6 36 Do ___._do_ Dec. 16,1940 5 7.0 11. 7 96. 4 2. 5 460 6. 7 no Do do Dec. 26,1940 5.0 12.2 95. 4 1.1 230 6 8 12 29 North Fork Yellow Creek, above OYNf 5... Sept. 26,1940 12.0 11.0 101. 4 1.2 24 7.2 3 67 Irondale, Ohio. Do Oct. 3, 1940 13.5 9.3 89.0 .9 2 7.0 2 55 Do do Oct. 22,1940 7.0 11. 8 96.6 . 7 1 6 4 4 57 Do Oct. 31, 1940 8.5 10. 9 92.6 1.1 2 7 3 4 69 Do. do 5 3.0 12. 4 92. 1 . 7 (2) 6 9 Do do_ Nov. 22, 1940 5 12.0 11. 6 107. 5 . 5 2 6 9 Do do Dec. 4,1940 8 3.0 14.0 104.0 . 8 11 6 8 7 38 Do do Dec. 16,1940 7 9.0 11.9 103.0 1. 6 24 6. 9 85 26 Do . do_ Dec. 26, 1940 6.0 12. 4 99. 4 . 6 15 6. 9 6 34 North Fork Yellow Creek, % mile OYNf 3.5 Sept. 26, 1940 12.5 11.4 106.7 1.1 46 7.2 3 61 below Irondale, Ohio. Do .. do Oct. 3, 1940 13. 5 10. 3 98. 6 . 8 24 7.0 60 Do do Oct. 22,1940 7.5 12. 4 103. 1 .7 39 6. 4 3 60 Do do Oct. 31, 1940 9.0 11. 5 99.3 .7 93 7.1 3 68 Do do__ Nov. 8,1940 5 3.5 12. 7 95.7 .8 46 6 8 118 51 Do do Nov. 22, 1940 5 12.0 11.4 105. 6 .9 9 6. 9 5 51 Do... do Dec. 4, 1940 8 2.5 13. 9 101. 5 .8 9 6 8 7 33 Do do Dec. 16,1940 8 8.0 11.9 100. 2 1. 5 150 6. 9 90 25 Do... do Dec. 26,1940 6.0 12.3 98.8 .7 9 6.9 5 36 Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 279 OY 0.2 Nov. 14.1940 30 4.0 12.7 96.8 .5 24 6.6 9 59 Do . do Nov. 27,1940 153 3.0 12.6 93.3 2.9 150 7.1 210 46 Do do Dec. 9,1940 72 1.5 13.8 98.5 .6 4 7.0 7 46 Do .. .. do_ Dec. 19, 1940 36 1.0 135 95.0 .4 9 7.1 12 36 Do. do Jan. 2,1941 359 6.0 12.2 97.9 .6 9 6.9 23 25 OH 0.2 Nov. 12,1940 56 19.0 7.6 80.8 / 6.7 I 0 2.7 19 ginia Route No. 2. J Do do Nov. 18,1940 50 18.5 9.2 97.4 \ (2) 2.7 15 Do _ do Nov. 26,1940 61 15.0 7.7 76.0 / . 7-7 J I 43 2.9 12 Do do. Dec. 2,1940 55 12.0 9.4 86.4 f 8.2 - 2.8 55 \ 1 32. 4 J Do do Dec. 10,1940 65 15.0 8.9 87.7 f 7.2 I 15 2.8 40 l 1 16, 7 J Do __do Dec. 18,1940 48 12.0 9.9 91. 1 / 6.1 1 9 2.8 60 \ >12.0 J Do do_ Dee. 26,1940 70 15.0 8.7 85.4 J 4.0 ) (2) 2.1 13 OCr 0.2 . . . Nov. 14,1940 38 4.0 13.0 99.2 \ 1 19. 1 .7 9 6.7 9 95 No. 7. Do do Nov. 27,1940 134 3.0 12.4 92. 4 2.6 240 7.0 170 54 Do do Dec. 9,1940 50 1.0 13.9 97.9 .5 9 6.8 23 79 Do ___do Dec. 19,1940 37 1.0 13.9 97. 4 . 4 4 7.1 22 69 Do ___do. Jan. 2, 1941 205 6.0 12.2 98.0 .5 2 6. 8 60 43 OCr 0.2 Nov. 12,1940 18 9.0 11.6 100.1 1.6 110 7.0 53 113 ginia Route No. 2. Do do__ Nov. 18,1940 17 2.0 12.4 89.7 1.0 240 6.7 35 88 Do do Nov. 26, 1940 16 2.0 13. 4 96.6 1.7 0 7.0 30 101 Do do Dec. 2.1940 20 2.5 13. 5 98.9 2.0 43 6.8 60 97 Do do Dec. 10,1940 24 4.0 12.8 97.6 1. 7 1,100 6. 6 45 99 Do do_ Dec. 18,1940 17 4.0 13.0 98.7 .9 23 6.8 40 98 Do _ do Dec. 26.1940 26 6.0 12. 4 99.5 .8 93 6. 8 35 105 OBu 0.8 Nov. 14,1940 37 6.0 12.5 100.1 .6 4 7.0 9 141 Virginia Route No. 67. Do Nov. 22,1940 36 10.0 11.4 100.9 .7 9 6.9 10 135 Do do Nov. 28,1940 160 2.0 13.2 95.2 1.3 5 6.9 55 88 Do Dec. 6,1940 45 0 14.2 96.9 .7 4 6.9 22 40 Do Dec. 12,1940 70 5.0 12.8 99. 6 .7 15 6.8 12 124 Do 20,1940 4. 5 13.0 100.3 .6 7 7.1 7 126 Do do Dec. 24,1940 2.0 13.7 99.2 .8 8 - 7.1 5 131 OShMf 25.3 Sept. 27,1940 10.0 10.4 91. 9 1.8 1,100 7.1 5 157 Cadiz, Ohio. Do do Oct. 9,1940 10.0 3.3 28.9 15.4 11,000 6.9 20 198 Do 25,1940 10.0 7.6 66. 7 3.2 910 7.3 5 193 Do do 1,1940 9.5 7.8 68.0 4.4 4,600 6.9 8 183 Do do Nov. 6,1940 2 7.0 10.3 84.5 2.7 2,300 6.8 13 168 Do 19,1940 2 0 11.3 77.3 1.5 930 6.7 10 160 Do 2,1940 6 0 13.3 90.8 1. 2 150 6.8 6 140 Do 12,1940 4 4 5 12.0 92.6 1.0 43 6.8 7 136 Do do 24,1940 2 0 13.9 95.1 1.5 240 6.9 7 148 * Less than one. 280 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Hardness, parts per million Short Creek, upper limits, Adena, OSh 17.3. Sept. 27,1940 10.0 12.6 111.0 .8 240 7.2 5 116 Ohio. Do do... Oct. 9,1940 9.5 11. 6 101.0 .9 23 7.0 3 129 Do Oct. 25,1940 9.0 9.7 84.0 1.0 93 6. 7 2 126 Do . . do •_ Nov. 1,1940 9.0 10.1 87.2 .8 15 6.9 4 128 Do do 6,1940 40 7. 5 11.2 93.3 1.0 150 6.9 21 119 Do do__. Nov. 19,1940 35 0 14.4 98.5 .6 46 6.9 15 153 Do . _ do Dec. 2,1940 86 0 14.0 95.4 .9 43 7.1 6 135 Do do. Dec. 12,1940 90 4 5 12.4 96.0 .8 43 6.9 30 126 Do do.. Dec. 24,1940 85 0 14. 6 99.9 .6 23 7.0 5 143 Short Creek, 3A mile below Adena, OSh 16.3... Sept. 27,1940 10.0 10.5 92.5 1. 4 240 7.0 25 69 Ohio. Do do Oct. 9,1940 9.5 11. 4 99.4 .7 460 6.8 10 60 Do do Oct. 25,1940 10.0 9.7 85.5 1.3 430 6.7 10 66 Do do. Nov. 1,1940 9.0 10.5 90.4 1.1 36 6.8 8 85 Do do 6,1940 40 7.5 11.1 92.6 1.0 460 6.8 50 75 Do do 19' 1940 36 0 13.9 95.2 .9 460 6.8 35 112 Do do Dec. 2,1940 88 0 13. 6 92.7 .9 460 7.1 50 97 Do do Dec. 12,1940 93 4 5 12. 2 93.7 .6 23 6.8 50 93 Do do 24,1940 88 0 13.4 91.8 .8 460 6.9 40 102 Short Creek, ]/> mile above Dillon- OSh 10 Nov. 13,1940 40 4.0 6.8 51.8 .2 9 6.3 125 22 vale, Ohio. Do do 26,1940 50 2.0 9.0 65.3 .7 150 6.7 120 13 Do .... do Dec. 6,1940 38 2.0 11.0 79.2 1.1 21 6.6 110 53 Do .. do Dec. 18,1940 82 4.0 11.7 88.9 .6 23 6.9 80 73 Do Dec. 30,1940 4.5 11.8 91.2 .8 23 6.7 130 47 Do do Dec. 31' 1940 290 4.5 11.9 91.7 .6 43 6.8 95 59 Short Creek, 114 miles below Dillon- OSh 8.3 Nov. 13,1940 41 4.0 9.2 69.9 1.0 46 6.5 131 31 vale, Ohio. Do do Nov. 26,1940 52 2.0 9.6 69.5 .9 240 6.6 125 13 Do do Dec. 6,1940 39 2.0 11.7 84.4 .7 23 6.6 110 66 Do do Dec. 18,1940 83 4.0 12.1 92.4 .8 150 6.9 75 71 Do do Dec. 30,1940 3.5 12.0 90.1 3 4 93 6.7 2,600 63 Do do Dec. 31,1940 300 3.5 12.2 91.6 .7 39 6.8 ’ 100 52 OShPi 12.3 Sept. 27,1940 13.0 11.3 106.8 .7 9 7.0 8 47 Ohio. Do ..... Oct. 9,1940 10.5 10.8 96.2 1.0 46 6.9 5 68 Do do Oct. 25,1940 9.0 10.1 87.2 .9 43 6.6 6 93 Do. do Nov. 1,1940 9.0 10.5 90.9 , 8 23 6.9 7 87 Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 281 Do Nov. 6,1940 6 6.5 11.1 89.9 9 7.0 22 65 Do- Nov. 19,1940 Dec. 2,1940 Dec. 12,1940 5 o 13 9 95.0 96.0 97.0 5 6.9 7.0 6.8 25 30 23 84 67 69 Do do_ 14 2.0 13. 3 .8 9 (2) Do 9 5.0 12.4 Do Dec. 24,1940 4 0 14.0 95.7 11 7.0 45 80 Piney Fork Creek, below Piney Fork, OShPi 11.3 Sept. 27,1940 13.5 10.4 99.1 1.3 1,100 7.0 24 37 Ohio. Do do Oct. 9,1940 Oct. 25,1940 11.0 10.0 9 5 11.0 6.5 8.3 99.1 57.2 72.3 70.7 1.9 6.3 / 6.7 0 460 } 0 93 6.8 6.1 4.9 6.7 25 86 58 61 57 11 12 25 Do do Do _ _..do - Nov. 1,1940 Nov. 6,1940 Nov. 19,1940 Dec. 2,1940 Dec. 12,1940 Dec. 24,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Do... 6 7.0 \ 1 15.1 2.5 Do 5 1.0 9.5 66.5 2.2 93 6.6 55 39 Do 14 1.0 12.9 90.7 1.1 43 6.9 100 54 Do 9 5.0 11.1 86.9 .8 93 6.6 40 53 Do-__ do 5 1.0 4.0 13.3 6.2 93.3 47.2 .8 1.6 43 46 6.9 6.0 6.9 40 138 67 9 36 Short Creek, mouth, Ohio, route, No. 7- OSh 0.2 43 Do Nov. 27,1940 155 3. 5 11.8 88.9 2.0 93 Do Dec. 9,1940 Dec. 19,1940 Jan. 2,1941 Nov. 4,1940 75 1.5 11.4 12.0 81.2 84.3 1.0 93 93 6.7 6.8 130 130 50 60 Do.. 55 1.0 Do 330 6.5 11.1 10.3 89.8 88.6 6 240 110 6.8 6.5 120 24 70 83 Wheeling Creek, mouth, West Vir- OWh 0.1 9.0 2!o ginia, route No. 2. Do Nov. 6,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Nov. 22,1940 Nov. 28,1940 Dec. 6,1940 10.0 9. 6 84 8 1.9 1.4 2.7 1.6 3.1 1,100 1,100 430 430 2,400 6.7 6.9 6.5 6.8 6.8 23 28 30 45 30 95 92 90 63 101 Do 203 6.0 10.9 9.3 12.1 13.0 87.3 82. 6 Do. 184 10. 5 Do 450 3.0 89.9 90.0 Wheeling Creek, mouth, West Vir- OWh 0.1 175 .5 ginia, route No. 2. Do Dec. 12,1940 Dec. 20,1940 Dec. 24,1040 May 10,1940 281 5.0 4. 5 12.0 12.0 12.2 93.5 92.6 88.2 93.6 2.8 2.1 2.0 .9 930 4,600 430 4 6.7 6.9 6.9 7.0 25 21 23 89 82 84 86 Do-... 181 Do. 2.0 Wheeling Creek, 2J4 miles below OWh 24.7 3 13.0 9.9 Hushing, Ohio. Do May 13,1940 May 15,1940 May 10,1940 2 20.0 8.8 96. 4 .9 9 4 7.2 7.2 6.6 Do 1 17.0 9.0 92.6 .8 Wheeling Creek, 1J4 miles belowT OWh 23.7 8 11.5 9.1 82.7 5 55 35 380 Laferty, Ohio. Do May 13,1940 May 15,1940 Sept. 30,1940 6 18 0 7.6 4.3 7.9 79.6 43.9 75.6 6.5 6.0 6.8 38 63 60 404 244 Do 4 17.0 13.5 .i .6 (2) 1 0 Wheeling Creek, 1H miles above OWh 20.2 36 Fairpoint, Ohio. Do Oct. 18,1940 Oct. 29,1940 Nov. 4,1940 Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 26,1940 Dec. 6,1940 Dec. 18,1940 Dec. 30,1940 Dec. 31,1940 7.0 9. 5 8.3 10.0 10.9 11.9 12.6 11.9 12.4 12.3 12.3 67.9 87.3 89.3 88.1 88.5 81.4 93.3 93.7 93.9 1.2 1.2 .8 .9 .8 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.8 6.9 6.3 6.7 6.4 6.6 19 24 45 49 45 70 45 60 55 11 15 92 98 119 90 113 59 77 Do. (2) 1 24 Do — — 7.0 3.0 1.0 0 3.5 4.0 Do... 17 Do — 18 Do 15 (2) 11 9 24 Do 17 .9 .9 .6 Do Do 56 4.0 1 Less than one. 282 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average discharge, cubic feet per second Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Wheeling Creek, \h. mile below Fair- point, Ohio. OWh 18.2 Sept. 30,1940 Oct. 18,1940 Oct. 29,1940 13.5 5.6 53.4 2.0 0 6.5 50 21 do.-_ 7.0 4.6 38.1 2.9 5 6.0 12 158 Do do 9.5 10.2 89.3 4.9 9 6.2 23 8 Do do Nov. 4,1940 7.0 10.8 88.3 .6 24 6.4 93 72 Do do Nov. 13,1940 18 3.0 11.5 85.2 .6 4 6.8 72 98 Do - do Nov. 26,1940 Dec. 6,1940 19 1.0 11.8 83.1 Broke 1 6.6 55 105 Do do 16 0 12.0 82.0 .6 (2) 6.5 50 92 Do w do Dee. 18,1940 Dec. 30.1940 18 3.5 12.3 92.7 .4 2 6.8 40 113 Do 4.0 12.1 92.0 1.2 2 6.5 130 57 bo do Dec. 31,1940 60 4.5 12.1 93.6 .3 24 6.7 65 79 Town Run, below south sewage plant, St. Clairsville, Ohio. OWhT 13.2 Sept. 30,1940 Oct. 18,1940 Oct. 29,1940 14.5 3.1 30.2 14.2 43 7.3 13 230 do 9.5 4.5 39.6 5.9 1,100 6.6 14 209 Do 11.5 2.1 18.8 30.9 2,400 6.8 32 225 Do Nov. 4,1940 10.0 8.4 73.8 7.9 4,600 6.8 10 182 Do Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 26,1940 Dec. 6,1940 Dec. 18,1940 Dec. 30,1940 Dec. 31,1940 Sept. 30,1940 (») 6.0 8.9 71.6 9.5 4,600 7.1 10 180 Do do (2) 6.0 7.6 60.7 19.6 24,000 7.3 130 197 Do 3.5 9.2 69.1 19.9 7,500 6.9 30 165 Do (2) 6.0 10.1 80.8 12.9 1,500 7.0 20 144 Do 5.5 10.9 86.5 12.4 4,300 6.8 40 71 Do do (2) 6.5 10.9 88.3 17.0 360 6.8 70 89 Wheeling Creek, mile above Bar- ton, Ohio. OWh 10.7 - 15.5 5.0 49.8 2.5 4 6.7 31 19 f 3.6 1. i 1.5 1 3.3 I i 1.0 .8 Do Oct. 18,1940 Oct. 29,1940 Nov. 4,1940 Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 26,1940 Dec. 6,1940 Dec. 18,1940 Dec. 30,1940 Dec. 31,1940 Sept. 30,1940 Oct. 18,1940 Oct. 29,1940 9.0 11.0 94.8 I (2) 3.3 21 Do 10.5 10.0 89.4 J } (2) 3.4 33 Do do 8.0 11.0 92.8 J 2 6.8 66 51 Do do 32 3.5 12.2 92.1 .9 5 7.2 v 85 76 Do do - 38 1.0 12.3 86. 5 .4 4 7.2 80 68 Do 38 1.0 13.3 93.6 .6 9 6.9 100 98 Do 26 3.5 12.6 95.0 .6 4 7.2 80 111 Do do 4.0 12.0 91.6 1.2 15 7.0 150 68 Do 84 4.5 12.3 94.5 .4 24 7.0 90 88 Wheeling Creek, ?4 mile below Bar- ton, Ohio. Do OWh 9 2 15.5 9.7 96.5 f 8.3 1 >1.2 / 7.4 1 >2.1 r 5.5 l 11.0 ) 0 4.7 33 6 8.5 11.4 97.2 I 0 3.4 14 Dn 10.6 10.4 92.7 } 1 3.3 31 " 1 J Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 283 Do 7.5 11.5 95.6 1.6 24 6.6 99 32 Do Nov. 13,1940 32 3.5 13.1 98.5 .5 8 6.7 106 45 Do Nov. 26,1940 39 1.0 10.6 74.2 1.7 4 6.7 95 25 Do Dec. 6,1940 39 1.0 13.4 94.1 .6 4 6.8 95 93 Do Dec. 18,1940 27 3.5 12.1 90.8 .6 9 7.1 90 99 Do Dec. 30,1940 4.5 11.9 91.5 .7 8 6.0 150 66 Do do Dec. 31,1940 88 4.5 12.0 92.9 .3 4 7.0 95 84 OWh 0 2 Nov. 14,1940 35 4.0 12.3 93.9 2.6 1,100 6.7 94 59 No. 7. Do Nov. 27,1940 145 4.0 12.8 97.7 2.7 910 7.0 250 70 Do Dec. 9.1940 68 2.0 13.3 96.0 1.1 230 6.9 95 100 Do Dec. 19,1940 40 1.0 13.4 94.3 .5 43 7.1 45 109 Do Jan. 2,1941 267 6.5 11.9 96.7 .8 93 6.9 70 110 Sept. 30, 1940 14. 5 10.2 99.2 1.9 110,000 7.4 6 210 north sewage, St. Clairsville, Ohio. Do Oct. 18,1040 10.5 6.4 57.3 11.2 9. 300 6.3 13 200 Do do Oct. 29,1940 11.0 5.1 45.9 20.0 4,300 6.6 22 190 Do Nov. 4,1940 11.0 6.7 60.1 11.2 11,000 7.0 9 186 Nov. 13, 1940 (2) 7.0 7.8 64.1 16.7 24,000 7.3 21 195 Do Nov. 26, 1940 0 3.0 8.1 59.9 11.5 23,000 7.1 8 193 Do Dec. 6,1940 4.0 10.3 78.6 7.3 9,300 7.1 11 181 Do Dec. 18,1940 0 7.0 9.9 81.2 13.2 24,000 7.1 20 161 Do . Dec. 30,1940 5.0 10.3 80.1 17.5 4,300 6.9 30 91 Do Dec. 31,1940 0 7.0 10.0 82.3 8.6 24,000 7.0 21 124 OMc C.2 Nov. 14,1940 54 4. 5 11.6 89.3 .6 2 6.8 32 74 Route No. 7. / Do . Nov. 27,1940 167 5.0 12.0 93.6 2.1 240 7.0 140 79 Do Dec. 9,1940 83 4. 5 12.7 98.2 .8 9 6.9 25 105 Do Dec. 19,1940 55 1.0 13.1 92.2 .5 4 7.0 23 106 Do . JaD. 2,1941 224 6.0 11.5 92.3 .7 460 6.8 22 106 May 10,1940 3 10.5 10.8 96. 3 2.8 240 7.9 139 miles below BarnesVille, Ohio. Do May 13,1940 2 16.5 13.0 131.9 1.8 460 8.4 4 180 Do 2 19.5 11.3 122.2 1.9 23 8.4 8 196 Bend Fork, Captina Creek, 3 miles OCpB 27.0 May 10,1940 1 11.5 12.2 111.0 2.2 23 7.8 7 101 148 below Bethesda, Ohio. Do Mav 13,1940 1 17.0 14.4 148.2 1.6 9 8.6 Do May 15,1940 1 18.0 12. 3 128.6 1.9 9 7.8 OSf 22 9 May 24,1940 17.5 8.9 92.6 4.4 1,100 7.4 420 61 Woodsfield, Ohio. Do. 17. 5 10.6 109.7 .8 15 7.2 2 55 Do . 23.0 9.0 103.9 1.2 150 7.8 54 68 Do.. . . 14.0 10. 7 103.3 .8 23 6.9 12 65 Do 17.0 9.2 94.6 1.7 110 6.8 90 36 Do July 18' 1940 20.5 9.7 106.7 .9 91 8.0 12 75 Do . July 26,1940 24. 5 8.4 99.5 .8 91 7.5 8 72 Do . . 23.0 7.6 87.1 .9 23 7.8 4 87 Aue. 13,1940 23.5 8.1 94.5 1.1 24 7.9 4 94 Do Aug. 21,1940 16.0 9.7 97.9 1.2 150 7.4 13 84 Do.... Aug. 29,1940 20.0 8.8 95.5 1.0 430 7.3 13 52 2 Less than one. 284 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion OSf 22.9 Sept. 6,1940 18.0 9.7 101.6 .4 9 6.9 4 78 Woodsfield, Ohio. Do do Sept. 16,1940 14.0 9.9 95.7 .7 4 7.1 Trace 90 Do do Jan. 20,1941 1.5 14.7 104.6 1.3 2 7.5 6 42 OSf 21.4 May 24, 1940 18.5 9.0 95.1 1.4 150 7.8 30 79 Woodsfield, Ohio. Do . do June 4,1940 19.5 10.6 114.7 .7 21 7.6 2 68 Do do June 13,1940 23.5 8.4 97.7 1.6 93 7.8 160 66 Do do June 21,1940 15.0 10.6 104.1 .4 15 7.4 9 74 Do do July 1,1940 17.0 9.3 95.8 1.0 1,100 6.9 180 39 Do do July 18,1940 21.5 9.4 105.6 .9 0 8. 1 58 81 Do do July 26,1940 26.0 7.7 93.4 1. 1 43 7.7 38 79 Do do Aug. 5,1940 23.0 4.2 48.4 1.5 23 7.9 12 97 Do do Aug. 13,1940 24.0 6.4 74.4 .9 9 7.8 14 109 Do - . do Aug. 21, 1940 16.5 9.6 98.0 1. 1 110 7.6 69 Do do___ Aug. 29,1940 21.5 8.7 97.5 1.2 930 7.3 54 61 Do do Sept. 6,1940 19.0 10.4 111.5 .5 0 7.4 5 97 Do do Sept. 16,1940 14.0 9.9 95.4 .6 9 7.0 1 102 Do do._ __ Jan. 20,1941 2.5 14.8 108.5 .7 24 7.6 5 50 OMi 0.1 July 24,1940 27.0 6.5 80.4 1.4 23 6.8 18 32 W Va. Do do Aug. 9, 1940 25.0 5.9 70.4 1.1 46 7.4 150 39 Do _ _..do Aug. 19, 1940 25.0 4.4 52.8 .9 46 7.1 135 31 Do do Aug. 27, 1940 22.5 4.3 49.6 .4 0 6.9 67 42 Do do Sept. 4, 1940 24.5 7.2 85.5 .7 24 7. 1 62 39 Do do Sept. 12,1940 17.5 7.2 74.2 .8 24 6.8 52 39 May 1,1940 16.5 9.0 91. 1 .8 2 6.8 17 90 Do do May 7,1940 15.0 9.9 97.9 .9 2 7.5 12 99 Do do May 9, 1940 18.0 8.9 93.4 .9 1 7.2 18 94 Do do. May 13, 1940 15.0 8.8 86.3 1.0 2 7.1 11 102 Do do May 15, 1940 15.0 8.0 78.4 3.8 11 6.9 2,100 59 Do do. May 17, 1940 14.5 9.6 '93.4 .9 2 6.4 56 24 Do do May 21,1940 18.0 8.7 91.6 .9 2 7.3 25 87 Do do May 23,1940 20.0 9.0 97.7 .9 5 7.4 22 93 Do do... May 27, 1940 15.5 9.0 89.9 .9 11 6.7 110 58 Do do May 29,1940 17.0 8.8 90. 2 .6 110 6.9 36 71 Do do May 31,1940 16.5 9.2 93. 1 1.8 460 6.5 230 54 Do do June 4,1940 18.0 8.7 91.4 .6 240 6.8 48 68 Do do June 6,1940 21.0 7.8 87.0 .7 23 7.4 20 80 Do.... June 10,1940 24.0 6.8 79.2 1.9 290 7.4 450 89 Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Do do___ June 12,1940 20.5 7.3 80.4 3.5 460 7.3 1,800 73 Do do June 14,1940 22.5 7.2 82.3 1.4 0 7. 2 385 59 Do . .. June 18,1940 22.0 7.0 79.8 2.9 1,100 7.0 1, 600 63 Do do June 20,1940 20.0 7.5 81.8 1. 2 431 7. 1 270 62 Do . June 24,1940 23.0 8. 1 93. 1 1.0 91 7.0 68 39 Do do June 26, 1940 22.0 7.5 85.2 .9 0 7.3 48 95 Do do June 28,1940 23.0 8.6 98.6 .9 23 7.3 34 106 Do do July 2,1940 17.0 7.8 79.6 2 3 460 7.3 550 59 Do July 10,1940 23.5 9.2 107.4 1.0 0 7 9 17 94 Do do__ July 12,1940 24.0 8.4 97.9 1. 5 15 7.0 20 87 Do. July 16,1940 24.0 8. 2. 96.5 1.6 9 7.4 20 85 Do do July 18,1940 24.5 7.6 89.8 1.0 2 7.6 15 116 Do July 22,1940 27.5 6.7 83.5 1.4 9 7.8 13 123 Do 26.5 5.9 72.0 2.5 460 7.4 370 110 Do July 26’ 1940 28.0 7.2 91.3 1.5 9 7.0 235 28 Do do July 30,1940 29.0 7.7 99.0 1.0 4 6.9 22 15 Do Aug. 1,1940 27.0 6.9 85.4 1.8 46 7.2 200 40 Do 27.5 8.0 100.3 1.2 2 6.8 9 Do Aug. 7,1940 26.5 7.4 90.8 1.4 24 7.4 15 20 Do 25.5 6.1 73.1 1. 6 110 7.0 355 66 Do Aug. 13'1940 27.5 7. 2 90.0 1.3 0 7.1 12 12 Do Aug. 15,1940 27.0 7.1 87.8 1.0 2 6. 5 14 11 Do Aug. 19,1940 26.5 7.1 87.2 1.0 11 6.1 32 17 Do do Aug. 21,1940 25.0 8.1 97.1 / " I 0 5.8 7 Do Aug. 23,1940 24.5 8.6 102.2 l 1 -3 / -3 \ (2) 5.4 4 Do Aug. 27,1940 24.0 8.2 95.6 t 11.0 .5 1 v' 2 6.3 11 8 Do . Aug. 29’ 1940 21.5 6.2 69.7 3.0 460 6.8 1, 650 76 Do 23.0 8.4 96.9 1.2 0 52 39 Do Sept. t£ 1940 23.5 8.2 95.6 .3 9 6.0 12 10 Do.. Sept. 10,1940 22.5 8.5 97.5 / -6 I I3 5.3 10 6 Do Sept. 12,1940 20.5 8.9 97.7 l 1 1-1 / -2 I 2 5.6 12 11 Do.. Sept. 16,1940 20.0 9.3 101.0 l 1 -9 / 1.0 / } 1 4.5 3 5 Do 1.0 13.5 94.6 \ 1 1.0 .6 1 6.7 5 93 Do Jan. 17j 1941 4.0 12.4 94.3 1.0 11 6. 8 60 69 Do . . Jan. 21,1941 . 5 13. 7 94.7 1.1 2 7. 7 21 36 Do Jan. 23,1941 2.0 13.5 97.7 1.0 46 7.3 45 66 Do . Jan. 27.1941 2.5 13.0 95.2 1. 3 7 7.1 120 42 Do Jan. 29,1941 1.5 13.0 92.5 1.3 4 7.2 60 46 Do Jan. 3l’ 1941 1.5 13.4 95.5 .6 93 7.3 25 65 Do Feb. 4,1941 .5 13.4 92.8 1.6 4 7.5 12 80 Do Feb. 6,1941 1.5 13. 4 95.5 . 4 (2) 7.4 7 82 Do .5 13.4 93.1 2.0 9 7.5 140 55 Do Mar. 10,1941 1.0 13. 7 96.5 .9 9 7.6 25 64 Do Mar. 12,1941 2.0 12.8 92.6 1.2 4 7.5 130 45 Do Mar. 14 1941 1.5 13.2 94.2 .6 9 7.4 35 48 1 Seeded and neutralized. * Less than one. 286 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Litti Muskingum River at mouth Do do_ Mar. 18,1941 Mar. 20,1941 Mar. 24,1941 Mar. 26,1941 Mar. 28,1941 May 24,1940 June 4,1940 Juno 13,1940 June 21,1940 July 1,1940 July 18,1940 July 26,1940 Aug. 6,1940 Aug. 13,1940 Aug. 21,1940 Aug. 29,1940 May 24,1940 June 4,1940 June 13,1940 June 21,1940 July 1,1940 July 18,1940 July 26,1940 Aug. 5,1940 Aug. 13,1940 Aug. 21,1940 Aug. 29,1940 May 7,1940 May 9,1940 May 13,1940 May 15,1940 May 17,1940 May 21,1940 May 23,1940 May 27,1910 Mav 29,1940 May 31,1940 .0 1.0 5.0 5.0 5.5 18.5 22.0 25.0 17.0 19.0 24.0 28.5 26.0 26.5 20.0 24.0 18.5 22.5 26.0 18.0 18.5 24.5 28.0 25.0 26.0 20.0 24.5 15.5 17.5 15.0 17.0 14.5 18.0 20.5 16.0 17.0 15.5 13.6 14.0 12.9 12.2 12.5 7.6 8.2 7.5 8.5 8.2 8.5 7.3 6.4 6.1 5.6 6.1 6.6 7.8 6.8 7.6 8.2 6.1 7.8 6.2 6.2 5.8 5.6 9.9 8.9 8.6 8.3 9.5 9.6 8.1 8.3 8.4 8.8 93.2 98.4 100.9 95.5 99.1 80.3 93.1 89.5 87.3 88.1 99.8 93.2 77.3 75.1 61.0 71.8 70.4 89.7 82.1 79.8 86.9 71.7 98.9 73.6 75.8 63.2 66.4 98.9 92.3 84.2 84.8 92.5 100.3 88.9 83.4 86.7 87.8 .9 .6 .9 .7 .7 4.9 1.1 1.0 .6 2.8 1.2 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.1 6.4 1.0 2.1 1.1 3.6 1.8 3.9 3.0 2.8 3.1 3.3 1.1 1.3 3.4 1.0 .8 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.0 2.0 4 0 1 0 1,100 7 43 23 460 36 9 0 2 24’ 430 1,100 43 150 93 2,400 0 23 24 24 110 430 4 46 9 24 4 110 93 43 43 -240 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.8 7.2 7.1 8.0 7.7 8.0 7.8 7.5 7.1 None 7.5 7.8 7.4 7.3 7.9 7.7 8.0 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.7 7.4 7.3 7.3 6.6 7.3 7.5 7.0 7.0 6.7 15 18 8 12 550 36 120 48 430 38 41 52 18 112 490 400 36 440 57 450 45 27 63 71 138 1,125 8 24 9 22 56 11 13 185 48 340 67 73 117 82 86 91 117 92 119 64 137 153 142 136 127 89 117 119 84 124 69 127 151 160 160 138 96 120 121 125 127 25 120 123 84 102 90 Do ... Do Do Duck Creek, city limits, above Cald- well, Ohio. Do OD 37.1 Do . Do Do.... Do Do Do . Do Do Do _ Duck Creek, 1.8 miles below Cald- well, Ohio. Do OD 34.6 Do Do Do. Do Do Do. Do . Do Do. - .... Duck Creek, mouth OD 0.2 Do Do . Do. Do Do . Do Do Do Do Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 287 Do June 4,1940 19.0 8. 4 89.7 .9 460 7.0 55 104 Do 22.0 7. 8 87.9 .9 39 7.5 17 116 Do . 23.0 6.1 69. 8 2. 8 290 7.5 1,200 99 Do June 12,1940 21. 5 7.0 78. 9 2.6 460 7.6 1,100 70 Do 24. 0 6.4 75. 4 1.0 210 7.5 '460 105 Do June 18' 1940 22.0 7.0 79.3 4.0 11,000 7.2 1,550 91 Do. June 20,1940 21. 5 7.2 80.9 1.4 7.4 270 95 Do. June 24,' 1940 22. 5 7. 5 86.1 1.0 7.5 55 99 Do 21.5 7.7 86.8 1.0 43 7.5 55 135 Do. June 28,1940 22. 5 8.3 94. 6 1.6 43 7.6 51 36 Do 18.0 7.7 80.3 1.9 240 7.2 500 94 Do. 23.5 7.4 85.6 2.2 43 7.3 23 136 Do _ . July 12,1940 23. 5 6.8 79.1 2.6 150 7.2 107 125 Do. July 16| 1940 23.5 7.5 87.3 1.5 150 7.4 15 116 Do July 18’ 1940 23. 5 6.2 71.8 2.4 36 7.6 25 133 Do .. . July 22,1940 27.4) 4. 4 54.6 1.5 1,100 7.4 25 138 Do .. July 24^1940 27.0 3.5 42.9 1.7 91 7.5 24 128 Do. July 26' 1940 27.5 7. 2 90.1 1.4 110 7.0 80 29 Do. July 30' 1940 28.5 6.1 78.1 1.0 15 7. 3 23 61 Do Aug. 1,1940 26. 5 4.0 49.1 2 3 110 7.0 151 40 Do 27.0 7.6 94.4 1.1 4 7.1 12 23 Do . . Aug. 7^1940 26.0 5.2 62.8 1.8 110 7.6 78 46 Do __ 25. 5 6.0 72. 3 1. 7 4 7. 1 64 61 Do Aug 13, 1940 27.5 6.8 85. 5 1.3 9 7.2 14 21 Do Aug 15,1940 27. 0 6. 4 79. 3 1. 2 4 6.8 21 24 Do 26. 5 5. 8 71. 1 1. 5 15 6.5 68 30 Do Aug. 21,1940 24. 5 7.1 84. 1 .8 2 6.5 17 17 Do Aug 23,1940 24. 5 8.1 95.4 / -S I 2 5.9 7 Do Aug 27,1940 24. 0 8.0 94. 1 \ 1 1. 3 .6 4 6.6 8 9 Do 21. 5 6 3 71.0 3. 5 2,400 7. 1 1, 300 100 Do. 21. 5 6.6 74.0 1. 8 91 6.8 78 94 Do Sept 0, 1940 23.0 7. 7 88.5 1. 1 46 6.4 21 25 Do Sept 10,1940 22. 0 8. 7 98. 4 .9 9 6. 1 15 13 Do Sept 12, 1940 20.0 8.6 94.3 .7 110 6.0 16 19 Do Sept 16,1940 20.0 9.1 99.3 / -7 I 4 5.2 8 10 Do.. Jan. 15,1941 1.0 13.6 95.9 l ‘LI .7 4 7.0 5 123 Do.. Jan. 17,1941 3.5 12. 5 94. 1 1.3 2 6.9 85 31 Do Jan 21 1941 . 5 13. 5 93.5 1.9 15 7.1 16 103 Do Jan. 23,1941 1. 5 13. 7 97.5 .9 15 7.5 50 106 Do Jan 27, 1941 2.0 13. 2 95.4 1 5 43 7.3 130 70 Do. Jan. 29,1941 1.0 13.2 92.8 1. 2 93 7.5 65 74 Do.... Jan. 31,1941 1.0 13. 2 92. 9 .8 23 7.5 23 93 Do Feb. 4,1941 . 5 13. 1 90.8 .6 9 7. 7 15 110 Do Feb 6,1941 1.5 13. 5 96.1 .4 2 7.6 5 108 Do... . 5 13. 6 94.2 1.3 4 7.6 50 95 Do M ar. 10,1941 .5 13. 6 94. 7 1.0 4 7.7 25 101 Do Mar 12 1941 2. 5 12. 9 94.2 2. 8 12 7. 4 160 82 Do M ar 14,1941 1. 5 13.2 93. 9 2.1 24 7. 5 55 83 Do do Mar. 18’ 1941 .0 13.7 93, 7 . 4 2 7.8 15 104 * Less than one. 90035—44—pt. 2 10 288 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued Sampling point Mileage from mouth Average Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Date discharge, cubic feet per second Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per m illi- liter Duck Creek, mouth do Mar. 20,1941 1.5 14.1 100.3 .6 2 7 8 7 114 Do 5. 5 13. 0 102. 5 8 4 7 7 Do do Mar. 26,1941 5.5 12. 6 99. 5 1. 2 2 7* 8 Do do Mar. 28' 1941 5.0 12. 2 95. 7 1. 6 2 7 8 Shade River, mouth _ _ . . _ _ _ _ OSh 0.1 May 24,1941 20.0 7. 7 84. 1 1.3 9 7 3 50 Do do... 18.0 8.0 84.1 1. 1 23 6 Q Do 24.0 6 6 77 8 1. 5 43 Do June 17,1941 23. 5 6. 9 80 2 1. 8 240 7 4 Do.. .... 22.0 7.4 83. 5 2. 0 460 7 9 77 Do July 1,1941 22.0 7.6 85. 9 . 8 36 7 8 Do Julv 9,1941 23.0 8. 7 100 2 1. 3 4 7 2 Do July 15,1941 24. 5 8. 7 103. 0 1. 6 9 Do July 23^1941 27.0 7. 8 96 2 1. 1 9 7 8 Do do July 29'1941 29.0 7.1 90. 9 1. 2 24 7 3 57 Do Aug. 6, 1941 28. 0 7. 9 99 4 1. 8 9 7 6 Do do_ Aug. 12, 1941 29.0 8. 2 106. 2 1.0 2 7 9 Do Aug. 20,1941 25.0 5. 8 69 4 1.1 4 Do Aug. 26. 1941 24. 5 7. 8 92. 9 8 24 7 9 Do do Sept. 3,1941 22.5 7. 7 87. 6 1. 5 46 7 1 Do Sept. 9,1941 23.5 8. 5 98. 7 1.0 4 6 8 14 30 Pinchin Fork Bridge in McArthur, ORaElP 66.0 Ap'r. 17,1940 142 11.5 10.6 97.1 .3 no 6.0 Ohio. Do do Apr. 19, 1940 399 8.5 10.9 93.2 1.8 150 6 1 310 12 Do do Apr. 22,1940 155 6.5 11.9 96.8 f .8 } 3 4.8 Pinchin Fork, mile below sewage ORaElP 64.0 Apr. 17,1940 142 11.0 10.2 92.4 l '.7 2.2 / 110 6.0 300 plant, McArthur, Ohio. Do . do Apr. 19,1940 399 7.5 10. 7 89. i 2 9 23 5 7 50 Do ... do Apr. 22,1940 155 7.0 11.4 94.0 1.8 36 4 8 59 Raccoon Creek, 1 mile above Wells- ORa 56.0... Apr. 17,1940 64 12.5 9.8 91.5 4,4 240 6. 1 ton, Ohio. Do do Apr. 19,1940 181 8.5 11.0 93.4 1.4 93 6.0 Do do Apr. 22,1940 70 8.5 10.6 90. 7 1.2 7 6.1 Raccoon Creek, 1 mile below Wells- ORa 53.0 Apr. 17,1940 64 12.0 8.7 80.0 2.8 1,100 6.1 260 23 ton, Ohio. Do Apr. 19,1940 181 9. 5 9. 9 86. 5 1 4 1 600 6 2 54 Do Apr. 22,1940 70 11.5 7.2 65.7 1.8 93 6.1 67 68 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 289 Dec. 15,1939 Jan. 19,1940 Feb. 2,1940 Feb. 16,1940 Feb. 23,1940 Mar. 15,1940 Mar. 29,1940 Dee. 15,1639 Jan. 19,1940 Feb. 2,1940 Feb. 16,1940 Feb. 23,1940 Mar. 15,1940 Mar. 29,1940 June 30,1936 July 14,1939 July 28,1939 Aug. 11,1939 Aug. 25,1939 Sept. 8,1939 Sept. 22,1939 Oct. 6,1939 Oct. 20,1939 Nov. 3,1939 Nov. 17,1939 Dec. 1,1939 Dec. 22,1939 Jan. 12,1940 Feb, 8,1940 Mar. 1,1940 Mar. 22,1940 June 30,1939 July 14,1939 July 28,1939 Aug. 11,1939 Aue. 25,1939 Sept. 8,1939 Sept. 22,1939 Oct. 6,1939 Oct. 20,1939 No,. 3,1939 Nov. 17,1939 Dec. 1.1939 Dec. 22,1939 Jan. 12,1940 Feb. 8,1940 /Mar. 1,1940 0 12.3 83.9 0 12.5 85. 1 0 11.3 77.1 0 13.9 94.9 2. 5 12.8 93. 7 4.0 12.5 95.3 11.0 10.4 93.6 2.0 9.4 67.7 0 13.1 89.7 0 8.8 60.3 0 13.7 93.8 2.0 12.6 91.3 3. 5 12.3 92. 8 11.0 10.2 92.4 23.5 6.3 73.0 24.0 6.6 77.8 24.0 6.7 78.7 20.5 6.7 73.8 21.5 6.8 76.9 22.0 6.5 73.5 16.5 6.3 63.9 16.5 7.1 72.1 11.0 7.8 70.3 6.0 9.4 75.4 5.5 10.4 82.0 7.0 H.2 92.1 2.0 12.1 87.5 1.5 12.2 86.8 1.0 13.2 92.8 4.0 12.4 94.1 7.5 11.3 93.9 23.5 5.5 63.7 24.0 6.4 75.2 24.0 7.1 83.6 21.0 6.2 68.4 22.0 6.4 72.5 22.0 6.2 70.3 17.0 4.5 46.2 16.5 7.0 71.4 10.5 6.1 54.6 6.5 8.3 67.1 5.5 9.0 70.9 6.0 10.6 84.8 2.5 11.0 80. 5 2.0 11.1 80.1 .5 1.2 .6 1.8 .7 .5 .2 2.3 1.0 .7 .6 .6 .7 .4 1.0 .6 1.9 .9 1.5 .6 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 .6 .5 .5 1.0 .5 .2 .9 .4 1.2 .7 1.0 .8 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.0 .6 3 (J) (2) 9 43 4 4 43 110 75 9 15 43 43 21 9 TweivepoJe creeit, u./ nine aoove Wayne, W. Va. Do do 6.6 5 Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do 7.0 6.6 6.7 6.5 6.8 6.6 6.9 7.5 7.5 7.2 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.8 7.6 7.5 7.2 7.5 7.5 6 6 5 37 18 16 5 130 20 1,400 38 95 30 22 22 10 80 18 12 17 44 20 23 13 12 19 22 60 56 45 76 66 88 90 85 92 70 81 85 83 Twelvepole Creek, corporate limit, below Wayne, W. Va. T)n OTw 24.0 do Do do Do do.... Do do Do _ ___do Do do ___ Little Sandy River, 4.1 miles above Grayson, Ky. Do OLs 32 1 do Do do 9 43 9 24 9 43 43 0 4 9 (s) Do do Do do Do _ ...do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do do Do ... .do Do do Do do 7.5 6.7 75 25 39 21 Do do 8 0 240 23 110 23 43 75 460 93 43 43 93 75 9 93 21 9 0 Do do Do do 7.5 170 51 Little Sandy River, 0.4 mile below Gravson, Ky. Do OL’s 27.6 52 60 do 7.4 175 56 Do _ do Do do 38 44 40 27 45 34 43 35 41 47 48 355 758 250 7.7 120 58 Do do Do do Do do... Do do Do 61 Do do Do do Do - do Do do Do - do Do do 1.0 13.0 91.3 | 1.0 4.5 12.4 I 95.8 | .6 7.5 11.1 1 92.4 ; .2 7.5 Do do 1 \Mar. 22,1940 / 290 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tem- perature Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most popular number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion ity parts per million ity, parts per million Little Sandy River, 1.8 mile below Grayson, Ky. Do OLs 26.2 Aug. 11,1939 Aug. 25,1939 Sept. 8,1939 Sept. 22,1939 Oct. 6,1939 Oct. 20,1939 Nov. 3,1939 Nov. 17,1939 Dec. 1,1939 Dee. 22,1939 Jan. 12,1940 Feb. 8,1940 Mar. 1,1940 Mar. 22,1940 June 2,1939 June 6,1939 June 8,1939 June 12,1939 June 14,1939 June 16,1939 June 20,1939 June 22,1939 June 26,1939 June 28,1939 June 30,1939 July 6,1939 July 10,1939 July 12,1939 July 14.1939 July 18,1939 July 20,1939 July 24,1939 July 26,1939 July 28,1939 Aug. 1,1939 Aug. 3,1939 Aug. 7,1939 Aug. 9,1939 22.0 21.5 22.0 16.0 16.5 10.5 6.5 5.0 6.0 2.5 2.0 1.0 4.0 6.5 27.0 23.0 24.0 21.5 21.0 22.0 24.0 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.0 22.5 25.0 23.5 24.0 23.5 22.5 23.0 24.0 24:5 24.0 24.5 25,0 5.6 6.3 5.9 4.7 6.5 5.6 7.6 8.0 9.4 10.1 10.3 13.0 12.5 11.1 6.5 7.0 6.8 6.9 7.3 7.2 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.3 5.8 6.8 7.5 7.2 7.7 7.2 7.6 7.2 7.0 7.2 7.3 7.1 63.6 70.4 66.8 47.6 66.0 50.0 61.4 62.5 75.6 74.2 74.7 91.1 95.1 90.4 80.2 80.5 79.1 77.8 81.4 81.3 76.3 76.9 79.5 79.3 73.4 66.6 81.3 87.2 84.2 89.8 82.3 87.2 84.5 82.5 83.6 86.6 84.2 83.4 1.0 1.6 1.3 2.2 .8 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.1 1.0 ' 1.4 1.1 .5 0 1.7 1.7 1.5 2.7 1.3 1.0 1.2 .7 1.3 .9 .9 2.7 .9 .4 .6 1.3 1.9 .8 .7 .7 .9 .5 1.0 .9 460 230 460 460 460 460 460 240 230 150 240 15 23 9 43 43 23 460 43 23 4 46 9 0 46 7.4 7.8 7.6 7.3 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 6.8 7.5 6.7 6.8 42 110 35 35 22 10 90 22 12 17 8 75 27 10 20 18 32 1,300 160 57 52 100 55 65 150 2,500 550 65 50 30 400 100 125 85 45 40 75 64 57 83 74 85 80 58 69 73 72 72 42 17 26 35 38 36 22 34 39 39 37 46 42 39 14 22 32 26 39 42 42 37 36 46 50 42 Do Do . Do Do Do.. Do Do do Do Do i do Do... Do Do Little Sandy River, mouth OLs 0.1 96 115 83 140 106 86 196 273 98 91 100 7,880 279 157 115 86 557 Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.2 7.5 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.3 7.4 7.3 Do Do Do Do .. 75 43 4 110 1,100 36 240 23 240 23 75 240 Do Do ... Do . Do Do Do.. Do Do. 173 106 88 83 Do. Do Do 25.0 1 7.0 oo Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 291 Do Aug. 11,1939 73 24. 5 7.3 86 4 1 i 1 100 7 4 47 Do Aug. 15,1939 225 24.0 6 6 87 6 1 3 ' 91 Do Aug. 17’1939 716 14. 5 7.1 83. 7 .7 93 7 3 Do do Aug. 21,1939 225 23.5 7.2 83.5 1.3 93 7 4 Do do Aug. 23,1939 111 23.0 7.3 84.3 .9 460 7 4 250 Do Aug. 25,1939 85 ' 24.0 7.2 84. 2 1 0 210 7 6 Do Aug. 29’1939 71 24.0 7.1 83.1 1 2 91 7 4 36 Do do Aug. 31,1939 67 24.5 7.0 82. 2 1. 5 150 7 3 18 Do. Sept. 5,1939 388/ 24.0 6. 5 75.9 1.3 43 7 4 9 44 Do do Sept. 7,1939 296 24.0 7.1 83. 2 1.0 93 7 3 10 42 Do. Sept. 11,1939 250 24.0 6.7 78.9 1.2 7.3 12 46 Do do Sept. 13,1939 236 25.0 7.4 88. 6 1.0 230 7 3 7 Do do. Sept. 15,1939 227 25.5 6. 7 81.1 1.0 390 7 5 6 48 Do do_ Sept. 19,1939 200 24.0 7.2 84.1 1.1 230 7.4 8 51 Do Sept. 21,1939 361 22.0 7.0 79.2 . 7 150 7. 2 6 Do do Sept. 25,1939 196 21.5 7.6 85.1 1.2 930 7. 5 12 48 Do do __ Sept. 27,1939 186 21.5 7.9 88.3 .8 230 7.6 6 49 Do Sept. 29,1939 158 22.5 7.5 85.9 .8 240 7. 8 Do do Oct. 3,1939 108 18.0 8.0 83.9 1.0 430 7. 7 11 54 Do Oct. 5,1939 90 19.0 8.0 85.3 .8 230 7.6 20 Do do Oct. 9,1939 77 20.5 7.9 87. 2 .7 23 7. 7 8 Do do Oct. 11,1939 77 20.5 7. 7 84.9 .9 430 7. 5 15 52 Do do_ Oct. 13,1939 67 18.0 7.9 82.6 .9 230 7.9 9 47 Do do Oct. 17,1939 58 15.5 9.0 89.3 .9 230 7.6 8 - Do.. do Oct. 19,1939 63 15.0 9.0 88. 7 .9 240 7.4 12 Do do_ Oct. 23,1939 60 15.0 8.5 83.4 .8 150 7.6 14 Do do Oct. 25,1939 31 15.5 8.6 85.8 .9 230 7. 5 7 41 Do Oct. 27,1939 29 17.0 7.9 81.1 1.0 460 7.3 10 46 Do do Oct. 31,1939 111 11.0 8.1 73.5 . 8 91 7.0 75 Do Nov. 2,1939 77 10.-5 9.0 80. 2 1.4 3 7.4 Do Nov. 6,1939 75 7.0 9.6 79.3 1.2 24 7 2 8 Do Nov. 8,1939 73 7.0 9.8 80.8 1.0 15 7. 2 12 Do Nov. 10,1939 75 6.5 9.9 80.3 1.0 24 7. 4 12 Do do Nov. 14,1939 58 10.5 10.0 89.6 1.4 7. 2 13 65 Do Nov. 16,1939 65 11.0 10.5 94.6 1.0 93 7. 4 13 Do Nov. 24,1939 81 6.0 10.1 81.2 1.0 460 7.1 14 Do xlo.. Nov. 28,1939 79 7.0 10.6 87.1 1.2 93 7. 2 8 Do do__ Nov. 30,1939 81 5. 5 10.4 82.6 . 8 240 7.0 13 4Q Do do. Dec. 4,1939 81 6.0 10.6 84. 9 1.0 93 7.1 15 49 Do _____do Dec. 8,1939 75 5. 5 10.9 86.3 1. 0 240 7.1 13 49 Do do Dec. 12,1939 75 5. 0 11.3 88. 3 1.1 43 7.1 8 42 Do do. Dec. 14,1939 81 5.0 11.2 87.8 1. 4 7.1 13 45 Do do. Dec. 18,1939 77 4.5 11.4 88.1 .7 23 7.3 9 52 Do do Dec. 20,1939 85 6.5 11.2 91.0 .9 240 8 40 Do. do.. Dec. 22,1939 90 4.0 11.6 88.6 . 8 58 7.3 8 Do do Dec. 27,1939 94 3.5 12. 5 94.1 .8 9 7.0 7 55 Do do Dec. 29’ 1939 94 1.5 12.6 89.6 1.1 21 7.2 8 46 Do. do. Jan. 15; 1940 820 .5 12.5 85.4 1.0 15 7.1 27 54 Do. do Jan. 17,1940 324 . 5 13.5 93.8 1.1 9 6. 8 90 40 Do do Feb. 20,1940 3,150 3.5 11.8 88.7 1.3 4 6.9 300 23 * Less tnan one. 292 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tem- perature Dissolve Parts per million d oxygen Percent satura- tion 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most popular number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million do._ Feb. 26,1940 518 2.5 12.9 94.4 .7 4 7.1 18 19 Do . ' ___:_do Feb. 28,1940 2,410 3.0 12.9 95.6 .6 24 7.1 45 23 do__ 2,900 7.5 10.5 87.5 1.0 9 6.7 350 19 Do do Mar. 7,1940 1,170 5. 5 11.3 89.4 .6 9 6.9 85 15 Do do. ' 423 4.0 12.0 91.4 .4 7.0 16 23 Do _ do Mar. 13; 1940 330 3.5 12.4 93.3 .4 0 7.0 9 26 Do do 703 3.5 12.4 93.0 .7 9 6.9 14 25 Do do. Mar. 19,1940 667 7.0 11.6 95.2 1.2 1 6.8 150 18 Do do. Mar. 21,1940 550 7.0 11.3 92.5 .4 15 6.9 30 17 Do do. Mar. 25,1940 275 4.0 12.0 91.5 .5 9 6.9 7 23 Do do. Mar. 27,1940 236 4.0 12.6 95.8 .7 4 1 6.9 8 26 Do do._ Mar. 29,1940 234 8.0 11.5 97.0 .2 15 6.8 7 27 Do do. Apr. 2,1940 2,150 10.0 9.9 87.5 1.1 46 6.8 140 14 Do do__ Apr. 4,1940 1,150 12.0 9.3 86.0 .8 43 6.8 65 18 Do do. Apr. 8| 1940 '490 11.5 9.4 85.8 .4 9 6.8 15 19 Do do. Apr. 10,1940 376 10.0 9. 6 84.4 . 4 0 6.6 7 26 OTy 1.0 July 11,1939 24.0 6.8 80.0 .6 240 7.5 75 69 bridge. * Do do July 13,1939 25.0 6.6 78.8 .6 23 7.7 45 80 Do do. July 19,1939 22.0 6. 4 72.7 .9 23 7.5 75 78 Do do. July 25,1939 22.5 7.1 81.3 .6 43 7.4 40 65 Do - . ....... do. July 31,1939 ' 23.0 6. 4 74.1 1.1 93 7.4 150 72 Do do__ Aug. 8,1939 23.0 6.4 74.9 1.3 9 7.5 25 83 Do . .. do._ Aug. 14,1939 24.0 6. 4 75.0 2.1 15 7.7 30 83 Do do._ Aug. 22,1939 22.0 6.7 76.0 .7 8 7.5 65 58 Do do. Aug. 28,1939 22.5 6.7 76.6 1.0 4 7. 6 30 85 Do do. Sept. 5,1939 21.5 5.8 65.2 1.0 2 7. 4 16 91 Do do._ Sept. 11,1939 21.5 5.8 65.5 1. 1 2 7.5 14 93 Do do. Sept. 19,1939 20.5 6. 4 70.8 .8 4 7.4 8 106 Do do Sept. 25,1939 17.5 6.7 69.4 .8 2 7.6 12 107 Do do. Oct. 3,1939 15.0 7.2 71.1 1.1 5 7.7 14 106 Do do._ Oct. 9,1939 18.0 7.0 73.0 .9 9 7.7 13 92 Do do.. Oct. 17,1939 11.5 7.9 71.8 1.1 2 7.5 13 94 Do do. Oct. 23,1939 11.5 7.2 65.9 1 4 2 7.6 10 99 Do do Oct. 31,1939 10.5 5.6 50.3 1.9 9 7.1 25 73 Do do. Nov. 6,1939 6.0 8.5 67.8 1. 6 2 7. 4 10 77 Do do Nov. 14,1939 5.0 8.2 63.9 1.2 1 7. 2 8 90 Do. do.. Nov. 20,1939 8.0 7.0 58.8 2. 1 (J) 7.4 12 95 Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 293 Do. do Nov. 28,1939 5.5 9. 1 71. 9 1.0 (!) 7.4 23 89 Do - 4, 1939 6.0 8.8 70. 7 1.1 1 6. 9 14 90 Do do. 1939 5.5 9.9 78. 6 1.3 2 7.5 10 83 Do do Dee. 18, 1939 6.0 10. 5 84.4 1.0 1 7.4 13 83 Do do 26.1939 3.0 12.0 88.9 1.2 2 7.6 19 83 Do - - do Jan. 3,1940 .5 12. 4 85.9 1.2 0 7.2 14 85 Do do Jan. 15,1940 3.0 11. 5 85. 1 .7 5 7. 1 25 84 Do ... do 12,1940 5.5 12. 4 98. 1 1.3 4 7. 4 225 38 Do - do Feb. 20,1940 4.5 12.3 94.6 1.4 4 7.1 260 41 Do do_ _ Feb. 26, 1940 3.0 12.6 93. 6 . 7 4 7.3 17 41 Do do 5,1940 8.0 11.0 92. 6 1.0 46 7.0 210 32 Do 11, 1940 4.5 11. 7 90.5 4 7.0 9 45 Do do Mar. 19,1940 8.0 11.3 95. 5 1. 1 7 7. 1 250 37 Do Mar. 25,1940 5.0 11.9 92. 7 .8 0 6. 9 8 41 Do 2, 1940 11. 5 9.9 90.2 1. 1 46 6. 8 110 31 Do 8,1940 13.5 9.0 85.9 .5 2 6. 7 10 43 OBrLi 15 8,1939 17. 5 7.5 78. 1 .8 110 8.0 Do ' do Oct. 5, 1939 14.0 8.5 82. 3 1.1 1, 100 7.9 Do Nov. 2,1939 5.0 10.6 83.0 .9 73 7.8 Do 13, 1939 5.0 10.6 83. 1 5 4 230 Do Jan. 12, 1940 0 12. 5 85.4 5.5 240 Beasley Fork, below West Union, OBrBe 13 Sept. 8,1939 24.0 6.4 75.6 1.5 93 7.9 Ohio. Do do Oct. 5. 1939 15. 5 10.4 104.0 1.4 39 7.9 Do 2, 1939 5.0 12.2 95.6 .9 23 8.0 Do do Dec. 13. 1939 5.5 11. 4 90.4 6 6 1, 500 Do 12.1940 0 13. 2 90.5 .8 240 OBr 14 . 8,1939 17.0 6.8 69.6 2. 4 24 7.0 White Oak Creek, above George- OWo 11 Aug. 1,1939 24. 5 8. 1 95. 4 1.1 9 town, Ohio. Do - do 8,1939 24. 5 7.0 82.2 1.1 4 7.9 Do 5,1939 17.0 9. 1 93. 7 1. 1 (3) 7.9 Do do Nov. 2,1939 6.0 12.4 99.0 1.4 9 7.6 Do 13, 1939 5.5 12.0 95.3 2. 5 1 Do do_ Jan. 12, 1940 0 13.9 94. 9 3.2 1 White Oak Creek, below George- OWo 10 Aug. 1,1939 24.0 7.6 88. 7 2.9 43 town, Ohio. Do do Sept. 8, 1939 23. 5 7.5 86.9 .9 3 7. 9 Do 5, 1939 17.5 9.6 99. 9 1. 2 11 7.9 Do do 2, 1939 7.0 11. 4 93. 7 1.2 9 7. 5 Do 13, 1939 6.6 11. 9 96.5 . 7 4 Do 12,1940 0 13.2 90.2 1.0 5 Tanners Creek, above Lawrence- OTa 0.2 July 14,1939 24.5 6.0 70.8 1. 6 9 burg, Ind. Do July 26, 1939 24.0 6.6 77. 4 1.2 24 Do Aug. 10,1939 21.0 6. 3 70. 5 .4 23 Do - Aug. 23, 1939 20. 5 5. 6 61. 1 1.5 150 7.4 Do 20,1939 18.0 5.8 61. 1 . 8 9 7.5 Do - do Oct. 18,1939 17.5 10. 1 105. 1 5 3 2 7. 7 Do do 15, 1939 5.0 18. 8 146.5 3.3 1 7.6 Do do Dec. 27,1939 1.0 15.3 106.5 2.4 4 8.0 i Less than one. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- Con- forms, Turbid- Alkalin- Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Tem- perature Parts per million Percent satura- tion chemical oxygen demand, parts per million most popular number per milli- liter pH ity parts per million ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Tanners Creek, below Lawrence- burg, Ind. r»o OTa 0.0 July 14,1939 July 26,1939 Aug. 10,1939 Aug. 23,1939 Sept. 20.1939 Oct. 18,1939 Nov. 15,1939 Dec. 27,1939 July 14,1939 July 26,1939 Aug. 10,1939 Aug. 23,1939 Sept. 20,1939 Oct. 18,1939 Nov. 15,1939 Dec. 27,1939 July 14,1939 July 26,1939 Aug. 10,1939 Aug. 23,1939 Sept. 20,1939 Oct. 18,1939 Nov. 15,1939 Dec. 27,1939 July 14,1939 July 26,1939 Aug. 10, 1939 Aug. 23,1939 Sept. 20,1939 Oct. 18,1939 Nov. 15, 1939 Dec. 27,1939 July 14,1939 30.0 0 0 43.6 2,300 27.0 0 0 70.0 11,000 2, 300 Do do 26.0 0 0 23.0 Do do__ 30.0 0 0 47.2 2,400 7.5 Do do - 27.0 0 0 162.4 7, 300 7. 1 Do 27.0 0 0 68.1 24,000 7.5 Dn __ do 26.5 0 0 114.5 43, 000 7.4 Do 30.0 0 0 441.5 360 7.5 North Fork, Hogan Creek, above Au- rora, Ind. Do CHNf0.5 26.0 7 7 93. 7 3.6 24 24.5 6.4 75.5 1.9 24 Do 21.0 7. 1 79.0 1.5 23 Do do 21.0 7.5 83.6 2. 1 23 7.6 Do 17.0 8.6 88.3 .9 46 7.9 Do 6.0 11.6 92.9 .3 Q 7.9 Do 1.5 12. 2 87.3 3.5 24 7.8 Do 1.0 12. 8 89. 7 2.3 4 7.9 South Fork, Hogan Creek, above Au- rora, Ind. Do OHSf 0 5 26.0 6. 8 83.1 3.4 110 25.5 7.8 94.3 2.8 240 Do 23.5 5.8 68.0 1.9 460 Do 21. 5 5.9 65.8 5.4 43 7.6 Do do 19.0 4.2 44.9 3.0 36 7.5 Do 8.0 5.5 46.3 2. 7 4 7.5 Do 3.5 7.1 53.6 6.6 1 7.5 Do .5 10.8 75.2 5.6 240 7.8 OH 0 0 27.0 6. 8 84.6 2.4 460 Do 25.5 5.6 67.7 2.6 230 Do 25.0 7.0 84.1 2.0 460 Do 25. 5 6.1 73.0 1.7 240 7.5 Do 23.5 6.5 75.5 1.8 23 7.3 Do 15.0 7.2 71.4 D7 1,100 7.5 Do 6.5 8.7 70.5 3. 1 2,400 91 7.5 Do 3.0 11.6 85.8 4. 1 7.5 Laughery Creek, ajiove Batesville, Ind. Do OLa40 0 28.5 4.5 57.8 6.4 240 July 26,1939 Aug. 10,1939 27.5 7.8 97.9 6.1 930 Do - 25.0 1.6 19.6 10.7 1 Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results -Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 295 Laughery Creek, below Batesville, Ind. Do 0 La 39.7 July 14,1939 July 26,1939 28.0 26.5 10.2 10. 0 129.3 122. 9 5.1 6. 5 2,400 430 Do .. do Aug. 10,1939 25.0 8.8 104.9 6.7 930 Laughery Creek, above Osgood, Ind._ OLa 30.0 July 14,1939 26.5 8. 5 104.8 1.8 4 Do. July 26,1939 24. 5 6.3 74.3 1.9 24 Do .. do Aug. 10, 1939 23. 5 5.7 66.3 2. 3 23 Laughery Creek, below Osgood, Ind.. OTa 29.7 July 14,1939 26.0 7.2 87.8 2. 5 43 Do.... July 26,1939 25.0 7.6 90.3 3.8 46 Do .... Aug. 10,1939 23.0 5.7 65. 7 1.3 9 North Fork Cedar Creek, prison OHaCNf 8.8 July 29,1940 (s) 29.0 5.7 73.7 25.5 24, 000 7.2 70 141 farm, Louisville, Ky. Do do July 31,1940 (a) 28. 5 0 0 38. 6 4, 300 7. 1 20 80 Do do Aug. 2,1940 (J) 26. 0 / 0 0 20.4 ' 230 7. 2 35 116 136 Harrods Creek, mouth OHa 0.0 Aug. 1,1940 29. 5 6.1 79. 5 1.9 93 7. 7 12 86 Do... do Aug. 3, 1940 28.0 4.6 57.8 1. 5 23 7. 6 16 95 Do do Aug. 7,1940 27. 0 2.7 33.0 1.3 93 7.6 1 700 120 99 Do do Aug. 9,1940 27. 0 3.4 42.0 1.1 93 7. 7 14 118 Do do. Oct. 25,1940 16. 0 6. 3 63.1 1.1 3 7. 5 15 72 148 Do . . do Oct. 26, 1940 6.4 1.1 2 7. 5 15 72 Do.... do Jan. 27,1941 5. 5 12. 2 96.8 2.2 14 7. 9 38 154 Do do Jan. 28,1941 5. 0 12. 5 97.9 .7 23 7.9 35 173 Do Jan. 29,' 1941 4.0 12. 6 96.3 .9 4 7. 9 31 174 140 Do. do Jan. 30| 1941 3.0 12.6 93. 5 1.2 24 8.0 33 176 Do . ... do Jan. 31,1941 3. 5 12.7 95. 6 .8 9 7.9 14 177 Goose Creek, 1 mile below Anchor- OGo 3.9 July 29,1940 (s) 26. 5 0 0 59.4 11,000 7.1 100 158 age, Ky. Do do July 31,1940 (J) 25.0 0 0 53.8 240, 000 7.2 70 202 Do (J) 21.0 0 0 42.8 93, 000 7.3 70 204 148 Goose Creek, mouth OGo 0.0 Aug. 1,1940 29. 0 3.0 38.7 4. 5 '230 7.3 40 108 Do do Aug. 3,1940 28. 0 3.6 45. 5 2. 4 36 7.3 72 95 Do ... .do Aug. 7,1940 22. 0 2.9 32.8 10.0 2, 400 7. 5 25 66 63 Do do Aug. 9, 1940 23. 5 3. 1 35.9 3. 7 '930 7. 5 75 86 Do do Oct. 25, 1940 15. 5 5. 0 50.0 2. 2 93 7. 5 55 112 126 Do.... do Oct. 26, 1940 16. 5 4. 4 44.7 2.0 43 7.4 :65 120 Do do Jan. 27,1941 5.0 10.4 80. 9 4. 1 93 7.8 25 171 Do do Jan. 28,1941 4. 0 11. 1 84. 3 2. 5 43 7.8 13 179 Do . do Jan. 29.1941 3. 5 11. 5 86. 5 1.8 150 7.8 12 181 145 Do do Jan. 30,1941 3. 5 12. 3 92.6 3.3 240 7.8 118 179 Do do Jan. 31, 1941 3.0 11. 7 86. 6 1.9 75 7.8 12 181 Bear Grass Creek, Lexington Rd OBg 2.0 July 29,1940 4 26.0 0 0 28.8 230 7.3 20 158 Do .do July 31,1940 i 5 24.0 0 0 28.0 24,000 6.8 130 58 Do ... .do Aug. 2, 1940 (3) 22. 5 0 0 10.4 4,600 7. 1 35 134 Bear Grass Creek, mouth, Highway OBg 0.0 Aug. 1,1940 28.0 2.0 25. 9 9. 5 11, 000 7.1 57 96 Bridge. Do ... .do Aug. 3,1940 28.0 0 0 11.7 9,300 7.1 32 130 Do. Aug. 7,1940 25. 5 0 0 28. 2 1,100,000 7.1 80 118 118 Do . Aug. 9,1940 27. 0 1.8 22.2 12. 0 75, 000 7.2 13 106 Do do Oct. 25,1940 17.0 0 0 44.0 46. 000 7.3 35 182 180 Do do Oct. 26,1940 18. Q 0 0 58.4 46,000 7.3. 35 22,4 2 Less than one. 296 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tem- perature Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms* most popular number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Bear Grass Ceerk, mouth, Highway OBg 0. 0 Jan. 27,1941 5.5 9.8 77.2 5.1 430 7.7 30 175 Bridge. Do do Jan. 28,1941 5.0 11.3 88.0 8.9 4.30 7. 7 41 184 Do do_ Jan. 29, 1941 3. 5 11. 5 86.7 5.8 460 7.7 25 189 Do do. Jan. 30,1941 4. 5 11.0 85. 0 9.4 1, 500 7. 6 105 Do do Jan. 31,1941 4. 5 11.3 87.4 9.0 2, 400 7. 7 90 203 Sanders Spring, Fort Knox intake OOcS 6.0 Oct. 25, 1941 10.2 . 4 3 7. 7 3 231 121 Do _ ... . _ do Oct. 26,1941 16. 0 10. 7 107. 3 .8 1 7. 7 3 224 Otter Creek, near Fort Knox intake.. OOc 5.4 Oct. 21, 1941 13.0 10.2 96.0 2. 7 3 7.7 5 204 Do .' do Oct. 22,1941 14.0 9.4 91.0 1.9 2 7. 8 g 203 Do do Oct. 23,1941 16.0 9.4 94.8 2.2 2 7. 8 8 204 Do _ do Oct. 24,1941 16.0 8.2 82. 0 1. 4 2 7. 7 g 200 197 Otter Creek, Tip Top, Ky . OOc 3.4 Aug. 1, 1941 1 24.0 8.5 100.0 1.3 240 7.8 20 170 Do... 5,1941 50 23. 0 8. 2 94. 7 3.3 23 7. 7 15 172 164 Do do Aug. 6,1941 50 25.0 7.9 91.9 2.9 240 7. 7 20 174 Otter Creek, just above mouth OOc 0.0. Oct. 19,1941 19.0 9.3 99.8 1.8 75 7. 7 13 135 Big Indian Creek, water works, OBi 19 Aug. 1,1941 28. 5 6.5 83.4 1.4 9 7. 7 18 150 intake, Corydon, Ind. Do do Aug. 7, 1941 27.0 5.9 73.2 1. 5 43 7. 7 13 156 Do do Aug. 9,1941 24.0 6.1 71.4 1.8 9 7. 5 12 161 Big Indian Creek, below sewage OBi 17 Aug. 1,1941 28.0 7.2 91.2 7. 5 4,600 7. 7 30 159 plant, Corydon, Ind. Do do Aug. 7,1941 27.0 4.8 59. 4 9.1 46, 000 7. 7 30 142 132 Do do Aug. 9,1941 21.5 2.0 22. 7 4. 2 21, 000 7. 5 10 176 North Fork Blue River, 2% miles OBBINf 59 Oct. 23,1941 (2) 13.0 7.3 68.7 2.2 23 7.7 10 234 208 below Salem, Ind. Do do Oct. 28,1941 (a) 16. 0 4.8 47. 9 2.3 93 7.7 12 242 Do... .. . do Oct. 31, 1941 (2) 11.0 7. 0 63.2 3.8 43 7. 6 13 240 Big Blue River, mouth OBBl 0.1 Aug. 15,1941 27.0 8. 5 105. 0 2. 9 23 8.4 12 80 do ; do .. Aug. 19,1941 27. 5 6.9 86. 4 2. 6 21 7. 7 35 66 Do... _ ___do Aug. 20,1941 25.0 7. 3 86. 6 2. 3 46 7. 6 28 65 115 Do... do Aug. 23, 1941 24. 5 8.2 97. 3 1.3 240 7. 7 15 62 Do do Feb. 12,1941 5. 5 13.2 104.6 .8 4 8.0 12 159 Do... . . .. do Feb. 14, 1941 4. 5 11.0 92.0 1 4 1 7. 8 15 150 174 Cypress Creek, I mile below Boone- OCy 1.0. Oct. 22, 1940 1 13.5 0 0 23.0 360 7. 5 10 246 ville, Ind. Do Oct. 25,1940 1 18. 0 0 0 15.0 9, 300 7. 4 10 275 660 Do. do Oct. 30, 1940 1 13.0 0 0 68.8 24,000 7.0 30 199 Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 297 Lost Creek, below sewage outfall, Morganfield, Ky. Do OL 9.8 Oct. 28,1940 (3) 17.0 6.3 64.5 10.0 1 7,500 7.5 220 258 Oct. 31,1940 l2) 8.5 7.0 59.7 5.2 2,400 7.6 70 256 640 Do do._ - Nov. 5,1940 1 15.5 6.3 62. 7 6.6 4. 300 7.6 75 234 Eldorado drainage ditch, H mile be- low Eldorado, 111. Do OSa Aug. 23,1940 Aug. 26,1940 (!) 32.0 0 0 13.2 23,000 6.9 125 256 232 (2) 33.0 0 0 40.0 24,000 7.4 88 444 Do Aug. 27,1940 Aug. 22,1940 Aug. 23,1940 2 None 42.2 36 2.8 550 Tributary to Middle Fork Saline, below Wasson, 111. Do OSaMfT 1 21.0 7.8 86.3 2.5 (2) 3.0 5 _____do 1 23.0 8.0 91.7 2.1 1 3.3 5 1, 765 Do Aug. 26,1940 1 27.5 1.0 12.5 2.1 (2) 6.6 5 Middle Fork Saline River, water works, Harrisburg, 111. Do OSaMf Aug. 23,1940 Aug. 26,1940 1 27.5 6.0 74.8 1.8 2 3.4 5 1,075 1 30.0 2.2 28.2 3.2 (2) 2.9 5 Do Aug. 27,1940 1 26.0 1.0 11.2 2.5 (2) 2.9 10 Middle Fork Saline River, Pankey Fork. Do OSaMf Aug. 23,1940 Aug. 26,1940 1 25.5 5.5 66.7 10.0 43 4.7 15 192 1 26.0 0 0 5.5 4 4.4 10 Do Aug. 27,1940 Aug. 22,1940 Aug. 23, 1940 1 27.0 0 0 15.8 (2) 3.9 15 South Fork Saline River, % mile above junction with Middle Fork. Do OSaSf 9 25.0 7.6 90.7 2.1 240 6.7 320 35 40 3 26.5 7.8 95.8 2.2 23 7.1 190 37 Do do Aug. 26,1940 1 29.0 7.3 94.0 1.9 23 7.6 120 53 OSa Aug. 23,1940 10 24.0 7.7 90.5 2.2 • 11. 6.9 5 35 137 Do Aug. 26, 1940 4 26.0 8.0 97.6 1.8 43 7.1 5 40 Do Aug. 27,1940 5 27.0 7.5 93.4 2.0 4 7.0 10 37 OSa 0.1 Sept. 10,1940 Sept. 12,1940 24.5 7.5 88.5 1.8 9 7.7 55 92 Do do 23.0 7.2 82.7 1.8 2 7.9 47 92 89 Do Sept. 16,1940 Sept. 18, 1940 22.0 8.9 100.6 1.8 2 7.9 18 83 Do 22.5 9.2 105.0 1.4 9 8.3 18 85 Do do_ Nov. 5,1940 15.5 8.2 81.9 1.7 8 7.7 15 91 149 Do Nov. 7,1940 13.5 8.9 85.3 2.2 9 7.7 15 84 Do Nov. 8,1940 13.5 8.7 83.0 1.6 4 7.7 15 90 Do do__ Feb. 26,1941 2.0 13.3 96.2 3.5 9 7.4 13 98 148 Do do Feb. 28,1941 1.5 13.7 97.4 2.0 2 7.5 12 95 Tradewater River, above Dawson Springs, Ky. Do OTr 87.5 Oct. 29, 1940 (2) 19.5 2.3 24.4 4.6 43 6.7 25 36 42 do Nov. 1,1940 (2) 15.5 2.5 25.0 2.5 1 6.8 15 50 Do do Nov. 6, 1940 C) 8.0 2.3 19.1 1.0 (2) 6.7 25 46 Tradewater River, below Dawson Springs, Ky. Do OTr 86 Oct. 29,1940 Nov. 1,1940 (2) (2) 19.5 0 0 235.0 93, 000 6.7 140 182 96 do 15.5 0 0 95.0 75,000 6.7 80 114 Do do Nov. 6,1940 (2) 7.5 0 0 66.0 240, 000 6.9 60 150 Greasy Creek Bridge, below Earling- jOTrCIGr 63 Nov. 12,1940 1 10.0 7.4 65.1 .«:! } (2) 3.1 10 ton, Ky. Do Nov. 14,1940 Nov. 18,1940 C2) (2) 5.5 10.7 84.6 \ i 7. 7 / '12.7 \ i 13. 2 ) (2) 3.4 10 Do 10.5 9.2 82.3 } (2) 3.5 10 7,200 > Less than one. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million OTr 41 Oct. 28,1940 Oct. 31,1940 (2) (s) 23.5 6.5 75.6 1.7 2 7.1 20 88 Providence, Ky. Do do 15.0 6.5 63.8 2.7 2 7.1 50 90 Do do Nov. 5,1940 Oct. 28,1940 Oct. 31,1940 (2) 2 12.5 7.8 72.5 2.4 2 7.2 30 76 102 Owens Creek, below sewage plant, OTrO 43 24.5 7.9 93.5 f 2.8 l 10.7 131.0 } 1 3.6 130 Providence, Ky. Do * (2) (2) (2) (2) 2 15.0 2.0 19.3 J 2,300 ) 23 7.1 150 238 Do do Nov. 5,1940 Oct. 28,1940 Oct. 31.1940 12.5 4.6 42.6 f 16.0 \ U5.5 99.0 5.7 130 16 820 Cypress Creek, below sewage plant, Sturgis, Ky. Do OTrCy 8 18.0 0 0 J 4,300 24,000 7.4 220 312 do._ 9.5 0 0 34.0 7.4 240 240 770 Do do Nov. 5,1940 15.5 4. 4 43.8 12.9 2,300 4 6.8 170 62 Tradewater River, waterworks in- take, Sturgis, Ky. Do OTr 6 Oct. 28,1940 Oct. 31,1940 2 18.5 4.6 48.6 1.1 7.3 5 84 do 3 9.5 4.0 34.6 4.9 • 9 7.2 5 82 Do ... _do_ Nov. 5,1940 4 16.5 4.5 45. 4 2.1 4 7.1 15 80 134 OTr 0.2 Sept. 10,1940 Sept. 12,1940 2 24.0 4.6 53.9 1. 5 9 7.5 50 68 Do - do 1 22.5 8.6 98.8 1.3 4 7.8 23 68 85 Do do Sept. 16,1940 1 21.5 8.7 97.8 1.6 4 7.9 27 67 Do _ _do_ Sept. 18.1940 1 22.0 9.2 103.8 1.1 2 8.0 15 68 Do do Nov. 5,1940 1 16.0 8.9 89.4 1.9 9 7.8 18 72 148 Do do Nov. 7.1940 1 14.0 10.3 98.9 1.8 2 7.7 13 60 Do do Nov. 8,1940 1 13.5 10.2 97.5 1.7 24 7.8 12 60 Do do Feb. 26,1941 151 2.5 12.9 94.6 2.3 4 7.0 12 38 135 Do do.- Feb. 28,1941 144 1.5 13.3 94.6 1.0 1 7.0 5 42 Crooked Creek, below sewage, Marion, Ky. Do OCr 9.8 Oct. 28,1940 Oct. 31,1940 (2) (2) 21.5 1.1 12.7 23.0 4,300 7.5 15 182 do 11.5 2.7 24.6 14.4 2,300 7.2 13 158 Do -- do Nov. 5,1940 (2) (2) (2) 1 15.5 6.9 68.9 11.6 2, 400 7.3 260 62 88 Town Branch, below sewage, Marion, Ky. Do . - OCrT 9.8 Oct. 28,1940 Oct. 31,1940 19.5 1.8 19. 5 14.2 2,400 2,400 6.9 5 72 do - 11.5 2.0 18.6 12.6 7.0 70 256 640 Do - do Nov. 5,1940 16.5 0 0 25.8 46,000 430 7.2 35 170 170 Little Cache River, 1 mile below Anna, 111. OLCa 40 Aug. 22,1940 2 20.0 5. 5 60.2 2.1 7.3 5 120 127 > Seeded and neutralized 2 Less than one. Table M-7.—Minor tributary basins: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 299 Acidity, parts per million Iron, parts per million Stream Sampling point Month, 1940 Number of samples pH Methyl red Phenolphthalein Ferrous Total Hot Cold Chartiers Creek, mile 3 below Pitts- Below Washington, Pa., mile 34 3 6.1 461(2) 280.0 33(1) 16.0(2) 90.0 burgh. 3 6.0 57(1) Below Canonsburg, Pa., mile 23— do.. 3 4.4 6. 3 127(2) 283(2) 40.0(2) 131.0(2) « 2 17. 5(1) 55.0 3 6. 1 321(1) 7.0(1) 40.0 2 6. 3 12. 5(1) 31.0 Miller Run (tributary of Chartiers Creek). 4 3.0 622 1,206(1) 1,854 360.0 1,190.0 3 5.1 120(2) 1,399(2) 325.0(2) 415. 0 2 6.0 89(1) 16.0(1) 39.0 4 3.0 624 1,022(1) 1,621 183.0 1, 390. 0 3 5.6 25(2) 675 290.0(2) 384.0 2 6.1 346(1) 80. 0(1) 91.0 Robinson Run (tributary of Char- tiers Creek). 4 3. 1 222 ) 333(1) 275 1.0 67.0 2 4 5 68 104 13.0 2 4.6(1) 2.7 32(1) 689 60(1) 870 9.0(1) Above McDonald, Pa., mile 19 4 833(1) 62.0 198.0 2 3.4 244 375 34.0 135.0 2 4. 3 115 168 24.0 58.0 Below McDonald, Pa., mile 17.5-.- October 4 2.9 412 652(1) 614 28.0 129.0 2 4. 0 186 297 19.0 77.0 • 2 4. 4 114 156 20.0 73.0 4 3.0 429 538(1) 544 28.0 90.0 3 3. 9 153 205 20.0 77.0 2 3.8 127 195 17.0 57.0 4 2.9 410 559(1) 504 8.0 69.0 3 3. 6 171 222 8.0 68.0 2 3.1 206 584 10.0 51.0 North Robinson Run (tributary of Chartiers Creek). 4 2.8 449 584(1) 534 1.6 79.0 3 3.3 195 238 5.2 45.0 2 2.9 283 369 4.2 52.0 Chartiers Creek, mile 3 below Pitts- burgh. 4 3.5 192 258(1) 312 53.0 181.0 3 5.5 17(2) 158(2) 24.0 101.0 2 6.1 8.0 30.0 4 3.5 211 316(1) 314 42.0 177.0 3 5.4 30(2) 110(2) 11.0 69.0 December 2 5.7 58(1) 5.0 23.0 Table M-7A.—Minor tributary basins: Laboratory data—Acid stream results 300 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Stream Sampling point Month, 1940 Number of samples pH Acidity, parts per million Iron, parts per million Methyl red Phenolphthalein Ferrous Total Hot Cold Raccoon Creek, mile 29.6 below Above Burgettstown, Pa., mile October 4 2.8 879 1,964(1) 1,985 121.0 368. 0 Pittsburgh. 32.5. November 2 3.7 311 818 100. 0 280 0 December. 2 5.1 174(1) 205 32.0 132. 0 Below Burgettstown, Pa., mile October 4 2.7 640' ' 918(1) 1,031 66.0 277.0 31.5. November . _ 2 3. 4 291 558 60 0 220 0 December 2 4.3 160 248 32. 0 112 0 Mouth, mile 0.5 3 4.9(2) 15(2) 40(2) 2.8(2) 13 0 December 3 5. 8(2) 12(2) 4 0 Harmon Creek, mile 66.7 below Mouth, West Virginia, rout 2, November 3 2.8 244 336 24.0 80 0 mile 0.2. December _ ... 3 2.6 314 415 24. 0 59 0 Pinev Fork of Short Creek, mile 81.3 Below Piney Fork, Ohio, mile 11... November -- .. 3 4.9(1) 85(1) 151(1) 6.0(1) 56.0(1) below Pittsburgh. 2 3. 4 87 107 7 0 26 0 Pittsburgh. 1 4. 7 49 185 161 57 0 72 0 October 2 3. 4 147 174 7. 0 43 0 Mouth, mile 0.1 . 5 5.6(2) 10(2) 6(2) 4 below Pittsburgh. September 5 5. 2(3) 4(1) 9(3) 5(3) . 4 Duck Creek, mile 170. 6 below Pitts- Mouth, mile 0.2 11 5.9(1) 9(1) 3(1) burgh. September 5 5-2(1) 8(1) 4(1) .id) Note.—Figures in parentheses indicate number acid samples used in computing averages as shown. Table M-7A.—Minor tributary basins: Laboratory data—Acid stream results—Continued ALLEGHENY RIVER BASIN CONTENTS Contents 303 Svllabus and conclusions 305 Description 307 Presentation of field data 309 Presentation of laboratory data 313 Hvdrometric data 317 Discussion 321 Page A-l.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 307 A-2.—Surface water supplies 309 A-3.—Sources of pollution 310 A-4.—Industrial wastes 312 A-5.—Selected laboratory data , 314 A-5a.—Selected laboratory data (chemical results) 316 A-6.—Monthly mean summer flows 319 A-7.—Summary of laboratory results 324 A-7a.—Summary of laboratory results on acid streams 350 LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES A-l. Map—Sources of pollution 305 A-2. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 312 A-3. Map—Coliform results 316 A-4. Map—Dissolved oxygen results 316 A-5. Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results 316 A-5a. Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results (southern portion of basin) 316 A-5b. Map—pH results 316 A-6. Chart—Summer low flow frequency curve 318 303 90035—44—pt. 2 11 Population Equivalent lOAfiOO (Face p.305) GPO- 43 0 - 90035 LEGEND Areas of Circlas Proportional to Population Equivalent of Wottot As Discharqod Before Treatment Rod il ALLEGHENY BASIN SOURCES OF POLLUTION OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig. A-l ALLEGHENY RIVER BASIN Syllabus and Conclusions syllabus The Allegheny River drains 11,730 square miles in western Pennsyl- vania and New York and joins the Monongahela River at Pittsburgh to form the Ohio River. The southern part of the basin is an im- portant coal-mining area and the streams there are polluted by acid mine drainage. The Kiskiminetas is the most strongly acid large stream in the Ohio Basin. A major portion of the sewage and indus- trial wastes in the basin enters the Allegheny in the vicinity of Pitts- burgh. The Clarion River is grossly polluted by industrial wastes and greatly improved treatment techniques will be required to abate the pollution. The larger communities depend generally on surface water for municipal supplies and a number of these, particularly in the vicinity of Pittsburgh, are seriously affected by acid mine drain- age, untreated sewage, and industrial wastes. Considerable progress has been made toward pollution abatement in streams not subject to acid pollution and, in general, these streams are relatively clean. A program of municipal and industrial waste treatment is outlined which, together with a basin-wide program of mine sealing supple- mented by low-flow regulation incidental to flood-control operations at reservoirs already built or authorized by the Congress, seems to offer the most practicable method of pollution abatement. (1) Of 225 public water supplies, 91, including those serving most of the larger communities, are from surface sources. (2) Sewage from about 920,000 people, industrial wastes equivalent in oxygen demand to sewage from an additional 680,000 people, and about 375,000 tons of mine acid per year enter the streams of the basin. About 18 percent of the sewage is treated. (3) Laboratory data indicate that the major pollution problems are due to acid rather than to organic wastes although organic wastes cause gross pollution in a number of streams not affected by acid. (4) Mine sealing has reduced the original acid load by about 8 per- cent from 405,000 to 375,000 tons (to phenolphthalein—hot) per year, and although the present load throughout the Allegheny Basin is only about 32 tons per square mile per year, the tributary Kiskiminetas Basin receives 164 tons of acid per square mile per year, or an intensity greater than the Monongahela or Youghiogheny, the next most strongly acid streams. (5) A program for acid control including mine sealing supplemented by flow regulation is outlined in the section of the report on Acid Mine CONCLUSIONS 305 306 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Drainage. Expenditures to date for mine sealing in the basin are esti- mated at $510,000. The next step in the mine scaling program is com- pletion of sealing of mining areas not connected to active ventilation systems at mines where sealing costs will not exceed $10 per ton of acid sealed per year. The total estimated cost of this program in the Allegheny River Basin is $1,460,000. (6) Acid conditions can be further improved and mine sealing supple- mented by flow regulation from storage of at least 210,000 acre-feet in the Allegheny River Basin. This storage could be provided incidental to or in conjunction with flood control in reservoirs already built or authorized by the Congress. (7) The problem of municipal sewage treatment at Pittsburgh is discussed in the section of the report on the main Ohio River. Low- flow regulation from reservoirs in the Allegheny River Basin will be of value in reducing treatment costs, notably at Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. (8) Primary sewage treatment should be adequate at cities on the Allegheny River with the exception of Glean, N. Y. (which now has primary treatment), and Coudersport, Pa. Effluents from existing and suggested plants near water intakes, notably those on the lower 30 miles of the Allegheny, should be chlorinated to reduce bacterial loadings on the water plants. (9) Justification for treatment and the degree of treatment of sewage and organic industrial wastes in many cases is dependent upon the status of mine-acid reduction measures. The situation varies with the degree of acidity of the stream and the amount of organic pollution discharged. At some places the need for waste treatment is urgent at present, and at others the first expenditures of public funds can be made to best advantage toward furthering the acid-reduction program. In general, cost estimates presented apply to a comprehensive pro- gram that will be justified in parallel with extensive acid-control measures. (10) Secondary treatment is indicated at six communities in addi- tion to Coudersport, the largest ones being Bradford and Du Bois. All of these communities are located on alkaline streams subject to ex- tremely low flows. (11) Additions or improvements to existing sewage-treatment plants are indicated at seven places, the largest ones being Jamestown and Olean, N. Y. At Jamestown the necessary degree of treatment de- pends to some extent on the method of operation of the dam at the outlet at Lake Chautauqua. (12) Industrial-waste pollution is particularly severe along the Clarion River. Any major improvement in conditions there will require the development of better waste-treatment techniques if plant operations continue at the present level. (13) Cost estimates of a suggested program of sewage and industrial waste treatment are summarized from table A-l as follows: Treatment Capital cost Annual cost Existing $5, 460,000 $410, 000 Suggested additional 10, 680, 000 1, 155, 000 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 307 Estimated additional costs, over existing charges, of programs involv- ing uniform treatment throughout the basin are: \ Treatment Capital cost Annual cost Primary, all places __ $10,010, 000 13,880,000 $1,065, COO 1, 545, 000 Secondary, all places Table A-l.—Allegheny River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested minimum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Amorti- zation and interest Opera- tion and mainte- nance Total Pri- mary Second- ary Existing sewage treatment Suggested minimum correction: Sewage treatment plants 22 19 164, 300 $5, 460,000 $310,000 $100.000 $410,000 86 7 712, 200 6. 350, 000 3, 670, 000 660,000 450, 000 170,000 90,000 305,000 755,000 170,000 230,000 Independent industrial 140,000 Total ... . 10, 680, 000 10, 010,000 13, 880, 000 10,680,000 710,000 660,000 930,000 710, 000 445,000 405,000 615,000 445, 000 1,155,000 1,065, COO 1, 545,000 1,155,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment, all Secondary treatment, all Note.—Costs shown above do not include the cost of interceptors or treatment works for the city of Pittsburgh or its suburbs whose wastes would probably be treated at a plant along the Ohio River. Description The Allegheny River drains 11,730 square miles, of which 9,775 are in western Pennsylvania and 1,955 are in southwestern New York. The area is, for the most part, hilly or mountainous with steep slopes rising several hundred feet above the narrow stream valleys. In the northern and western portions of the basin, which have been glaciated, the topography is less rugged. The main stream rises in Potter County, Pa., and flows in a northwesterly direction into New York, where after flowing west for about 30 miles, it turns southwest and flows back into Pennsylvania. The Allegheny River, about 325 miles long, joins the Monongahela River at Pittsburgh, Pa., to form the Ohio River. The principal tributaries of the Allegheny River are: Tributary stream Miles above mouth Drainage area (square miles) 30.2 1,892 417 56.2 64.9 586 86.1 1,232 1,246 340 126. 6 134.1 154. 2 485 192.0 893 308 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL The Kiskiminetas Basin is an important bituminous coal mining area and smaller amounts are mined in the Crooked Creek, Cowan- shannock Creek, Mahoning Creek, Red Bank Creek, and Clarion River Basins. Although coal underlies much of the area farther north, it is not of great economic importance. Oil is found in the northern part of the basin. Production in the Oil Creek area, the first developed oil field in the country, is decreasing and most of the oil comes from the newer fields to the east. Although almost all of the virgin forests which originally covered about 90 percent of the basin are gone, a large part of the basin is covered with second-growth timber. The more level lands in the glaciated portion of the basin support a stable and prosperous agriculture. The steel industry in the basin is concentrated around Pittsburgh and at Johnstown, which is also the center of the coal producing area of the Kiskiminetas Basin. The greatest concentrations of popula- tion are at these two places. The populations of the basin and its larger cities, excluding the city of Pittsburgh, are shown below: < Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Principal cities: 55,482 31,297 7,707 14, 743 15,657 12, 780 14, 544 67, 327 38,917 11,987 20,506 21,274 14,568 15,525 66,993 45,155 16,762 21,790 22,075 16, 698 19,306 66,668 42,638 24,055 21,506 20,379 18,919 17, 691 Olean, N. Y . . Oil City, Pa - -- - Entire basin: 654,456 365,270 659,607 471,689 666,109 527,388 713,148 523, 546 Total 1,019,726 1,131,286 1,193,497 1, 236, 694 Water uses.-—1The lower 70 miles of the Allegheny River have been improved for navigation by eight low-lift locks and dams which, with backwater from the Emsworth Dam on the Ohio River, provide a navigable depth of 9 feet. A considerable amount of coal, coke, sand, gravel, and limestone moves on this waterway. One hydroelectric project has been built by private interests, the Piney project, on the Clarion River. Construction of four flood-control reservoirs has been virtually com- pleted by the Corps of Engineers. These are on Tionesta Creek, Mahoning Creek, Crooked Creek, and Loyalhanna Creek and are part of a system of reservoirs on the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers and their tributaries intended primarily for the protection of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. In addition to serving this purpose, it would be physically possible to utilize a portion of their capacity to increase stream flow in the Allegheny and in the tributary streams below the reservoirs during low-flow periods. Four additional reser- voirs have been authorized by the Congress for flood control. The largest one would be on the Allegheny River above Warren, Pa., and has been planned to include storage for low-flow regulation. The cleaner streams in the rather sparsely populated mountainous section north of the mining area are used extensively for recreation. A considerable part of the land in this section is in State forests. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 309 Chautauqua Lake, Conneaut Lake, and other smaller lakes in the basin also are widely used for recreation. Presentation of Field Data Figure A-l shows the location and magnitude of the more impor- tant sources of pollution in the basin. Figure A-2 shows similar data and, in addition, the location of water supply intakes from polluted streams and laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. Public water supplies.—Of the 225 public w’ater supplies in the Allegheny River Basin, which serve about 1,545,000 people,1 91 are from surface sources. Only 21 of these are from polluted streams, the other 70 being from impounding reservoirs or small streams drain- ing rural areas, but the 21 supplies include most of the largest ones. Table A-2 shows data on the surface water supplies of the basin. Table A-2.—Allegheny River Basin: Surface water supplies Supply Source Mile 1 Treat- ment 2 3 Population served 4 Consump- tion, million gallons per day Supplies below community sewer outfalls Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh _ . 8.0 FD 4 600,000 4 167,200 3,500 14,500 35,000 13,000 80.30 Pennsylvania Water Co._ 8.5 FD 11.00 Fox Chapel 10.0 FD . 14 Oakmont_ 12.8 FD 2.50 New Kensington _ _ _ 21.0 FD 3.60 Tarentum do 21.7 LD .90 Brackenridge 22.5 FD 6.300 12,000 3.300 .80 Natrona 24.6 FD .47 Freeport _ 29.3 FD .35 Cadogan 38.5 FD 700 .04 Kittanning 45.6 FD 7,500 600 1.25 Furnace Run No. 1 46.5 FD .02 Parker City _ ... do 84.0 FD 900 .08 E mien ton . 91.6 FD 1,000 .07 Saltsburg ... 57.5 LD 1,000 . 10 Indiana Two Lick Creek-Ramsey Run wells. Stony Creek, impounded— 93.0 FD 10,000 1,400 2,000 14,000 2,200 .65 Hooversville 131.0 LD .03 New Bethlehem 88.5 FD .20 Franklin _ _ French Creek, wells, spring. 128.5 FD 2.20 Cambridge Springs 174.0 FD .40 New York: Olean... 260.0 FD 24,000 2.50 920,100 345,400 107. 60 70 other surface supplies 31.78 Total surface water sjinnlies . .. 1,265,500 139. 38 1 Miles above mouth of Allegheny River. 2 F = Coagulated, settled, filtered; L=Lime-soda softened; D = Chlorinated. 3 Slow sand filters. 4 Part of population served is outside Allegheny River Basin. The chemical quality of surface waters in this area is generally excellent except as it is modified by mine drainage, brines, or other pollutants. The alkalinity and hardness are low, particularly in the mountainous area. In the glaciated portion of the basin the water is somewhat harder and more alkaline and the taste, odor, and color 1 Includes entire population served by Pittsburgh municipal supply and Pennsylvania Water Co., taken from Allegheny River. Part of population served is in Monongahela Basin and alone the Ohio River. 310 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION" CONTROL troubles are often experienced due to algae growths and decomposition of organic matter in the numerous swamp areas and lakes. The alkalinity of the streams in this area, while considerably higher than Monongahela Basin upland streams, is still quite low and makes the effects of acid-mine drainage more serious than in other streams such as the Muskingum, Kentucky, and Big Sandy where alkalinities are higher. Sewerage.—About 920,000 people in the basin are served by sewers. Only about 18 percent of the sewage is treated. Table A-3 shows data on sources of pollution and sewage treatment. More than half of the sewage is discharged untreated to the lower Allegheny in the vicinity of Pittsburgh and the Conemaugh and its tributaries in the vicinity of Johnstown, Pa. Table A-3.—Allegheny River Basin: Sources of significant pollution, including industrial wastes expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Municipality State Receiving stream Miles above mouth of Alle- gheny Popu- lation con- nected to sewers Sewage treatment Sewered popula- tion equivalent (biochemical oxy- gen demand) Un-. treated Dis- charged Pittsburgh and sub- Pennsyl- Allegheny River 0 to 8 320, 500 None. 597,200 597, 200 urbs.1 vania. Verona _ .... 11 3. 500 3,500 3, 500 Oakmont ... 12 6, 200 7, 400 7,400 Springdale .. 17 5, 000 5,000 5,000 Arnold ___do_ ______ 19 10, 900 do__ __ 10, 900 10, 900 New Kensington... .__do do 20 20, 700 do 21,100 21,100 Tarentum ___do 22 16, 300 17, 500 17, 500 Brackenridge ___do do 22 6,900 do 6,900 6,900 Natrona do_ 23 5, 000 do _ 5,000 5,000 Freeport . 29 2,700 ___ _do_ 2, 700 2,700 30 14,000 14,000 38 2,800 2, 800 Ford City. _ _do 42 5,900 None . __ 5.900 5, 900 46 7, 500 7, 500 7,500 125 13.000 24,000 19. 500 Oil Citv. 134 20,000 21, 400 21, 400 161 12,000 12,000 Warren _ . .. 192 15,000 18, 400 18, 400 Salamanca New York do__ __ 235 9, 500 do_ ___ 17,000 17,000 259 24.000 28, 500 19,000 Port Allegheny 285 2,300 2,600 2, 600 vania. OoudersDort. _ do _ _ 302 2.200 _ _ do 5. 800 5. 800 1 Pollution loads from Pittsburgh and suburbs are distributed to Allegheny and Monongahela Basins and main Ohio River as follows: Municipality State Receiving stream Miles above mouth of Alle- gheny Popu- lation con- nected to sewers Sewage treat- ment Sewered popula- tion equivalent (biochemical oxy- gen demand) Un- treated Dis- charged Pittsburgh and sub- Pennsvl- Allegheny River.. 0-8 320, 500 None.. 597, 200 597, 200 urbs. vania. ...do Monongahela 0-10 319, 500 ___do__ 458, 500 458,500 River. ___do Ohio River <•0-4 261, 700 -_-do._ 278, 600 278. 600 Total 901, 700 1, 334, 300 1, 334, 300 ° Below. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 311 Table A-3.—Allegheny River Basin: Sources of significant pollution, including industrial ivastes expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand)—Continued Sewered popula- Miles above mouth of Alio- Popu- tion equivalent lation (biochemical oxy- Municipality State Receiving stream con- nected Sewage treatment gen demand) to sewers Un- Dis- gheny treated charged Pen nsyl- vania. Kiskiminetas River. 35 4, 300 None .. .. 4, 300 4, 300 do 40 11,400 do 11,400 11,400 .. .do. 44 3, 200 do 3,200 3, 200 12, 700 Latrobe ... Loyalhanna Creek 80 8,400 5,000 do 12, 700 Blairsville ___ao Conemaugh River.. 77 do 5,000 5,000 do. 109 70, 700 do 160, 600 160, 6C0 urbs. __do McGee Run 85 3,000 Section 2. _. 3,000 3, 000 Stonv Creek.. 110 4,200 None 4, 200 4,200 115 2, 700 do. 2,700 2,700 Paint Creek ... 122 10, 700 4, 800 do 10, 700 10, 700 East Conemaugh __ ___do Little Conemaugh 112 do 4,800 4, 800 River. ...do 130 3, 000 2, 500 do. 3,100 3.100 do. .. . 140 do. ___ 2,500 2, 500 Punxsutawney ___do Mahoning Creek 110 8,600 do 13. 800 13, 800 Brook ville __.do_ Red Bank Creek 113 4, 300 do__ __ 4, 400 4, 400 Sandy Lick Creek. _ _ .do.. ._ 130 3, 600 do. 3, 600 3,600 146 12,000 do. ... 13,800 13,800 do Clarion River ... . 181 6, 300 do 25,300 25. 30 0 Johnsonburg. _.._do_ do 189 4,600 do 96. 6C0 96, 600 Elk Creek _ 191 7, 800 do 16,000 16.000 do 194 3, 500 3,500 ion River. French Creek. _. . 156 20.000 Secondary _ 29, 800 12, 800 Cambridge Springs ...do do 174 2,200 Primary 3, 300 2,500 138 1,000 None . . 5, 800 5, 800 .do. ... 150 8,100 do__ 11,100 11,100 175 9.600 9, 600 do_ . East branch Tio- 210 6, 300 None 6, 300 6, 300 nesta Creek-Hu- bert Run. 200 500 do 4,700 4,700 207 7,000 ...' .do 7,200 7, 200 Jarreitown . _ New York Cassadago Creek 216 42, 500 Primary _ 67, 800 52, 400 217 1,200 do. 28. 200 27. 800 Chautauqua South Dayton ...do ...do Chautauqua Lake _ _ North branch Cone- 236 237 15,000 200 Septic tank. None. .. . 15,000 8,600 15.000 8, 600 wango. do 7,000 7,000 Pennsyl- vania. Kinzua Creek . . 235 1,400 do 20,900 Bradford ...do Tunungwant Creek. 252 18,000 20, 900 122 smaller sources 118,200 130, 6C0 94, 400 Total: 110, 500 186, 700 155, 600 809, 3C0 1, 411, 500 1, 358,8C0 919, 8C0 1, 598, 200 1,514,400 2 Treatment plant ineffective. 318 primary and 17 secondary sewage treatment plants. Industrial wastes.—Table A-4 summarizes data on sources of in- dustrial wastes by type of industry and method of disposal. These wastes are equivalent in oxygen demand to sewage from about 680,000 people. A small amount of industrial waste is treated in municipal plants. 312 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table A-4.—Allegheny River Basin: Summary of industrial wastes not discharging to municipal treatment plants, with total of entire industrial waste load in the hasin Industry Number of plants Industrial waste dis- posal At least minor cor- rective measures taken Estimated sewered population equivalent (biochemi- cal oxygen demand) Municipal sewers Private outlets Brewing _ _ 7 7 0 5 53.800 Byproduct coke. 2 0 2 2 84,000 Canning 3 0 3 2 57, 900 Chemical 7 0 7 6 9. 600 Distilling __ 3 0 3 3 IP, 600 Meat 15 10 5 11 90, 600 Milk 44 14 30 13 17, 900 Oil 25 0 25 23 35,900 Paper 3 0 3 2 94, 400 Steel ... 27 6 21 11 Tanning 11 0 11 6 63, 700 Textile 8 2 6 4 124, 300 Miscellaneous 41 12 29 5 21, 500 Waste not connected municipal treatment. 196 51 145 93 673, 200 Waste discharged to municipal treatment.. 5,200 Total industrial waste in the basin... 67S, 400 By States: New York _____ _ __ 76, 200 602, 200 No single industry is responsible for a major part of this pollution. Textile, pulp and paper, meat, byproduct coke plants, tanneries, canneries, and breweries all are large contributors to the industrial waste load. About 40 percent of the wastes are discharged to the Allegheny in the 30-mile stretch below the mouth of the Kiskiminetas. The byproduct coke plants are at Johnstown, much of the textile industry is around Jamestown, oil refineries are scattered, but the greater number are around Oil Creek. The upper Clarion River and its tributaries receive a large part of the pulp, paper and tannery wastes. The significance of the steel industry as a source of pollution is due almost entirely to the discharge of spent acids, acid salts, and rinse waters from pickling operations. About 27,000 pounds of free acid per day are discharged by steel mills in the basin. These mills are located along the lower Allegheny and Kiskiminetas Rivers. The acids from pickling operations represent only a small portion of the total acid load including that from mine drainage which affects these streams. Acid mine drainage.—The Kiskiminetas River is the most heavily acid large stream in the Ohio Basin. Smaller amounts of mine drainage enter other tributaries of the Allegheny River north of the Kiskiminetas. The estimated acid load in the Allegheny River Basin, as presented in the section of the Ohio River Pollution Survey Report on Acid Mine Drainage, is shown below: rig. A - 2 Totol Population Equivoltnt in Lowtr Eight Mi l«s 5 9 7,000 SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALE NT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS Coliform* (M.P. NJ por ml. FIGURE A-2 ALLEGHENY RIVER sources of pollution ANO SELECTED laboratory data legend -Reduction by Tr*atm*nt Wafer Supply Intoh* Lock 8 Dam R*s*rvoir Dam proposed Reservoir Dam OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE LLU __ (Face p.312) GPO-43 0 -90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 313 Drainage basin Allegheny River ex- cept Kiski- minetas Kiskimine- tas River Total Allegneny River Acidity in tons per year (to phenol- phthalein, hot) Original acid load: 26,457 6,760 50, 244 223,896 23.805 73,988 250,353 30, 565 124, 232 Abandoned mines 83,461 8.5 24,040 18, 750 64,711 6.6 32, 330 32, 381 3.3 321.689 170.0 20, 270 10,954 310, 735 164.2 132,630 178.105 94.1 405,150 34.5 44,310 29,704 375,446 32.0 164,960 210,486 17.9 1 Economical to remove in addition by sealing under 1940 restrictions with a cost limitation of $10 per ton of acid per year and sealing only in areas not connected to active ventilation systems. 2 Capable of further reduction (possibly an additional 50 percent) by extended program. Presentation of Laboratory Data Laboratory results indicate that the most serious pollution is caused by acid mine drainage which affects tributaries throughout most of the southern part of the basin and the Allegheny River below the mouth of the Kiskiminetas. Industrial wastes discharged to the upper Clarion River and untreated sewage and industrial wastes from the Pittsburgh area near the mouth of the river also cause serious pollution. The greater part of the main stream and most of the tributaries not affected by acid were found to be in good sanitary condition. A summary of laboratory results is shown in table A-7, acid results are in table A-7 A, and selected data are in tables A-5 and A-5A. Observations in the Allegheny River Basin were made by mobile laboratory units during the period from August to December 1940. In general, observations in the southern part of the basin were more extensive than in the northern part. Figures A-3, A-4, A-5, A-5 a, and A-5b show graphically the coliform, dissolved oxygen, oxygen demand, and pH results. Oxygen demand results in the portion of the basin south of Mahoning Creek are shown on an enlarged map (fig. A-5 a) because of the large number of stations and the acid con- ditions in this area. These maps show average results at stations observed for periods of less than one month and most unfavorable monthly averages at stations observed over periods of more than one month. Stream flows at the time of sampling were generally repre- sentative of normal low-water conditions. 314 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table A-5.—Allegheny River Basin: Selected laboratory data River. Location River miles above mouth of Allegheny. Period, 1940 Alle- gheny Above Olean, N. Y. 261 August Alle- gheny Below Olean, N. Y. 256.5 August Alle- gheny Above Warren, Pa. 194 Septem- ber Alle- gheny Below W arren, Pa. 184 5 Septem- ber Alle- gheny At Oil City Pa. 134.2 October Alle- gheny Below Oil City, Pa. 132 October Alle- gheny Above Franklin, Pa. 127 October Number of samples Plow in cubic feet per second: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Sampling davs 109 124 658 1,250 1,270 1.350 954 Water temperature ° C 18.8 18.7 16.2 15.7 12.2 11.5 11.8 Coliforms per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 7 92 2 86 5 31 61 million.. Biochemical oxygen demand, 6.8 4.0 8.5 8.8 10.1 10.1 9.3 5-day, parts per million 2. 1 4 5 1.1 2. 1 10 1.4 1.2 pH 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.3 River A lie- Alle- Alle- Alle- Alle- Alle- Alle- Location... gheny gheny gheny gheny gheny gheny gheny Below Lock Lock Lock Lock Lock Near River miles above mouth of A lleghenv. Franklin No. 8, Temple- ton No. 5, Freeport No. 4, Bracken- ridge No. 3, Spring- dale No. 2, Pitts- burgh mouth 124.5 52.6 30.4 24.2 17 6.7 1.7 Period, 1940 October Septem- ber Septem- ber Septem- ber Septem- ber Septem- ber Septem- ber Number of samples Plow in cubic feet per second: 3 3 J 3 3 4 3 2 Sampling davs 1,502 3,100 3, 350 3, 760 4. 400 3, 510 3,240 Water temperature ° C 11.5 19 3 19 8 19.8 22.5 21.3 20.8 Coliforms per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 39 3.1 37 8 258 357 1,420 million Biochemical oxvgen demand, 9.2 8.8 7.8 8.1 8.4 8.5 3.9 5-day, parts per million 1.7 1.7 1.3 .7 .9 1.5 4.4 PH 7.4 7.3 7.3 6.3 6.8 6.7 6.8 River Turning- Tunung- Hubert West Lake Chad a- Cassa- Location want Creek w-ant Creek Run Run Chautau- qua koin dago Creek Above Below Below Below Above At Fal- Below River miles above— Bradford Bradford Kane Kane J ames- town coner J ames- town Confluence with Allegheny 10.5 5.5 27 51 31 26 23.5 Mouth of Allegheny 254.5 249.5 229 205 223 218 215.5 Period. 1940 August August Septem- ber Septem- ber Septem- ber Septem- ber Septem- ber Number of samples Plow in cubic feet per second: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Sampling days 4 33 3 4 265 297 Water temperature ° C_. 14.2 15.7 13.7 12.0 16.8 16 2 17.0 Coliforms per milliliter... Dissolved oxygen, parts per 16 2,340 120,300 99 24 197 191 million Biochemical oxygen demand, 9.2 2.9 1.9 7.5 9.8 8.5 7.6 5-day, parts per million... 1.3 6.0 69.4 3.4 2.3 2.9 4.2 pH 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.8 8.2 7.4 7.5 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 315 River - Hare Oil Creek Oil Creek French French Sandy McGee Creek Creek Creek Lick Run Creek Location Below Above Below Above Below Below Below Corry Titusville Titusville Mead- Mead- DuBois Derry ville ville River miles above— Confluence with Allegheny. 22 19 15 35 26 73.5 54 Mouth of Allegheny 206 153 149 161.5 152.5 138.5 84 Period, 1940 ... Septem- October October October October Septem- October her ber- October Number of samples 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 11 8 10 122 164 19 2 Water temperature 0 C 14.0 11.0 10.8 13.1 13.6 9.5 15.0 Coliforms per milliliter 38,200 4 42 5 523 31, 300 24, 000 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million .. .2 10.7 10.3 9.5 3.7 6.6 4.2 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 16.6 1.4 1.5 3.2 4.2 37.9 33.1 pH 7. 1 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.2 River Clarion Clarion Clarion Clarion Clarion Elk Crooked Creek Creek Location In J ohn- Above Below At Cooks- At St. Below Reservoir sonburg Ridgway Ridgway burg Peters- St. Marys burg River miles above— Confluence with Allegheny. 101 96.5 93 51 4.5 104 8.5 Mouth of Allegheny. 187 182.5 179 137 90.5 190 49 Period, 1940 . Septem- Septem- Septem- October October Septem- Novem- her- ber- ter- ber- ber October October October October Number of samples 6 6 6 5 3 3 1 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days... _ 60 82 104 219 271 4 Water t.em{ erature ° C 19.4 9.5 10. 1 11.6 11.3 10.3 9.0 Coliforms i er milliliter 3,910 3, 950 2, 580 32 2 4.830 2 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million .5 2.8 3.8 7.4 9.9 6.6 9.7 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 190 35.8 40.3 12.1 1.2 40.2 1.3 pH 7.2 7.1 6.4 7.1 7.2 6.3 6.9 River Maho- Stony Little Cone- Loyal- Loyal- Kiski- ning Creek Cone- maugh hanna hanna minetas Crpek maugh Creek Creek Location Below Above Above Below Above Below Near Punxsu- Johns- Johns- J ohns- Latrobe Latrobe Mouth tawney town town town River miles above— Confluence with Allegheny. 53 83.5 83 78 52.5 48 0.8 Mouth of Allegheny. _ 109 113.5 113 108 82.5 78 31 Period, 1940 October July- July- July- October October Septem- August August August ber Number of samples. 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 41 248 , 62 460 14 15 690 Water temperature ° C 10.5 20.8 23.5 29.3 15.0 15.0 19.5 Coliforms pier milliliter 8 37 1 39 0) 0) (>) Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 11.1 7.8 7.0 4.6 9.1 1.8 7.6 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million. 1.1 1.0 .6 3.6 .7 3.1 1.3 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million (neutralized and seeded) 1.6 .6 .5 2.0 .4 1.3 .8 pH 6.0 3.0 2.8 4.1 4.5 3.1 2.9 i Less than one. 316 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table A—5A.—Allegheny River Basin: Selected laboratory chemical data River Allc- Alle- Alle- Kiski- Loyal- Crabtree Cone- gheny gheny gheny minetas hanna Creek maugh River River River i/ocation Mouth, Lock Lock Mouth Mouth Mouth Mouth Pitts- and and burgh Dam Dam No. 3 No. 4 River miles above: Confluence with Allegheny. 1 28 42 28 Mouth of.Allegheny 1.7 17 24.2 31 58 72 58 Period, 1940 Oct. 9 Oct. 21 October October Oct. 14 Oct. 29 Oct. 14 Number of samples 1 1 2 5 1 1 1 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 2,760 2,750 2,560 419 36 13 275 90 16 pH 4.7 5.7 5.6 2.9 2.6 3. 1 2.8 Acidity, parts per million: Methyl red... 4 3 5 200 494 1,910 176 Phenolphthalein (hot) 10 10 13 282 608 2.930 242 Iron, total parts per million 2.4 .7 7.5 9.8 79 494 26 River.. ... Blacklick Blacklick Stony Cowan- Mahon- Clarion Toby Creek Creek Creek shannock ing Creek Creek Creek Location.. Below South Johns- Portland Portland Blacklick Branch town tawmey Mills Mills Mouth River miles above: Confluence with Allegheny. 51 76 79.5 11.5 52.8 86.9 85.9 Mouth of Allegheny 81 106 109.5 60 109 173 172 Period, 1940 Oct. 14 August July Oct. 24 Oct. 2 Oct. 9 Oct. 9 Number of samples... 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 40 16 430 2 36 135 26 30 pH 2.4 2.6 3.0 2.9 5.2 4.7 3.6 Acidity, parts per million: Methyl red ... . 612 i 811 78 248 32 244 Phenolphthalein (hot) 788 i 1, 047 114 398 34 56 284 Iron, total parts per million 98 222 66 75 4 4 6 11 sample. Bacteriological data indicate the effect of acid in reducing coliform densities. Approximately one-third of the sampling stations were on acid streams and 92 percent of these stations had average coliform counts of less than 50 per milliliter. Less than 3 percent showed counts greater than 200 per milliliter. On the normal streams only 57 percent of the stations averaged less-than 50 coliform organisms per milliliter and 24 percent averaged more than 200 per milliliter. Data in table A-7 on the lower Allegheny, which was affected by acid during part of the sampling period, also indicate the effect of acid on coliform counts. Eighty-two percent of the stations on normal streams and 85 percent of those on acid streams showed average dissolved oxygen contents of more than 6.5 parts per million. About 11 percent of the normal stream stations and 5 percent of the acid stations had average dis- solved oxygen contents of less than 5.0 parts per million. Zero dis- solved oxygen was not found consistently at any station although it was approached below Corry, Johnson burg, Kane, Bradford, and Latrobe. Relatively low temperatures prevailed during much of the sampling period, so the dissolved oxygen results show more favorable conditions than would have been found during the warmer months. (Face p.316) No. 1 6PO-43 0 - 90035 Pig. A-3 LEGEND Average Coliform Results at Sampling Stations c i Most probable y 0 number per ml. Under 25 26- 50 5 I -100 101-200 Over 200 Fig.A-3 ALLEGHENY BASIN COLIFORM RESULTS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 (Face p.316) No. 2 GPO-43 0 - 90035 LE6EN0 Avorago Dissolved Oxygen Results at Sampling Stations Symbol Dissolved Oxygsn p.p.m Over 65 5.1 to 6.5 3.1 to 5.0 0.1 to 3.0 Fig. A- 4 ALLEGHENY BASIN DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE I 1941 — Fi g. A-4 Fig. A-5 (Face p. 316) No. 3 GPO-43 0 - 90035 Acid Strcom Sompln ( N«U t rg li I • d ft SCCdCd) LEGEND Avsrogs B. 0. D. Results ot Sampling Stations. P. *m. 0.0 to 3.0 3.1 to 5.0 Ov«r 5.0 Symbol (Nornol Somplee) Fig.A-5 ALLEGHENY BASIN BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig A-5o LEGEND Avorago B. 0. D. Rftsults ot Sompling Stations Symbol ft. ft*" 0.0 to 3.0 3.1 to 3.0 Ovor 3.0 Aaid Str•cm |i«|lu (Neutralised ft Saadad) Fig. A-5o ALLEGHENY BASIN SOUTHERN PORTION BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE IB4I (Face p.316) No. 4 GPO-43 0 - 90035 (Face p.316) No. 5 SPO- 43 0 -90035 Fig. A-55 LEGEND Avorago pH RuuUt at Sampling Station* Symbol pH 6.0 to 8.5 4.0 to 6.5 vndor 4.0 Fig. A-Sb ALLEGHENY BASIN pH RESULTS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1AU OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 317 Because of the effect of acid on normal biochemical oxidation, the biochemical oxygen demand tests on acid stream samples were carried out in duplicate; one portion being incubated in the acid state as collected and the other being incubated after neutralization with sodium hydroxide and seeding with filtered sewage. In general, the results of the two portions were either of the same order of magnitude or the acid portion showed a higher biochemical oxygen demand than the neutralized portion. Approximately 75 percent of the stations on both normal and acid streams had average oxygen demands of less than 3.0 parts per million. About 15 percent of the stations on normal streams and 5 percent of those on acid streams showed average demands over 5.0 parts per million. The worst conditions were found on tributaries below Kane, St. Marys, Johnsonburg, DuBois, Derry, and Ridgway. Considerable self-purification was indicated by laboratory results on the normal tributaries. Most of these streams were in good sanitary condition at their confluence with the Allegheny River. Biological summary.—The plankton population of the Allegheny was found to be around 2,000 parts per million, and the stream sup- ports a good fish population. The Kiskiminetas was too acid to sup- port fish life or much plankton. The Clarion River, contaminated by industrial wastes, contained a good plankton and fish population but the fish are said to be unsuitable for food due to the taste of the flesh. Hydrometric Data Eighteen stream gaging stations are now in operation in the Alle- gheny River Basin. Several of the stations have records of 30 years or more. Table A-6 shows mean monthly flows at 16 stations during the dryest summers of record. Figure A-6 indicates the frequency with which minimum monthly mean summer flows have occurred at 2 stations with long records. Station Minimum monthly mean summer flows in cubic feet per second that may be expected once in— 2 years 5 years 10 years Minimum 2,200 550 1, 450 320 1,200 230 930 00 318 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Fig.A-6 FIGURE A-6 SUMMER LOW FLOW FREQUENCY CURVE K'SKIMINITAS RIVER AT AVONMORE, PA. 1908 TO 1936 INCL. ALLEGHENY RIVER AT KITTANNING, PA. 1905 TO 1928 INCL. Percent of Years Minimum Monthly Mean Discharge Equaled or Exceeded (Only June-July-August-September considered) IU.S.E.D. - O.R.O. Monthly Mean Discharge in c.f.s. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 319 Table A-6.—Allegheny River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which lowest summer flows have occurred River Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Allegheny Chadakoin Location Larabce, Red House, Franklin, Kittanning, Falconer, Pa. N. Y. Pa. Pa. N. Y. River miles above: 25 Mouth of Allegheny 276 227 126 46 217 Drainage area square miles. _ 541 1,690 5,982 9,010 194 Period of record. 1925-39 1903-39 1918-39 1904-28 1935-39 Year 1930 1932 1930 1909 1936 June cubic feet per second.. 265 809 3,030 12,014 54 July __do 64 553 1,140 3, 234 38 August ..do 21 178 414 1,421 32 September .do 24 118 435 934 23 Year 1932 1930 1932 1908 1939 June cubic feet per second.. 304 1.030 2,510 9, 522 35 July do ... 122 337 2,080 9, 105 42 August do 35 119 754 2. 743 46 September do 23 122 531 996 29 Year 1934 1934 1934 1923 1935 June .cubic feet per second... 99 299 1. 106 3. 640 119 July do 34 150 555 1.600 124 August do 45 144 639 1.400 199 September do 83 233 821 1,190 43 River Brokenstraw Oil Creek French Creek Clarion Redbank Creek Creek Location Youngs ville, Rouseville, Saegers- Pinev, Pa. St. Charles, Pa. Pa. town, Pa. Pa. River miles above: Confluence with Allegheny.. 4 3 36 26 15 Mouth of Allegheny... . 188 137 163 112 80 Drainage area square miles.. 304 300 629 980 528 Period of record 1909-39 1909-39 ' 1921-39 1924-39 1909-39 Year.. 1934 1930 1934 1925 1918 June..cubic feet per second._ 62 130 85 601 1,234 July do 38 71 48 559 122 August do 32 31 39 178 15 September do 32 34 36 81 37 Year 1936 1934 1930 1930 1930 June, cubic leet per second.. 149 75 295 471 176 July do 59 38 115 245 265 August do 37 39 41 88 34 September do 32 34 70 87 46 Year 1930 1932 1936 1832 1932 June, cubic feet per second.. 313 117 136 432 247 July do 57 112 79 431 310 August do... 50 45 60 118 94 September do 32 35 48 88 45 i From 1909 to 1931 station located 2 miles downstream, drainage area, 330 square miles. 90035—44—pt. 2 12 320 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table A-6.—Allegheny River Basin: Monthly means summer flows for years in which lowest summer flows have occurred—Continued River Location River miles above: Confluence with Allegheny.. Mouth of Allegheny Drainage area square miles.. Period of record Mahoning Creek Dayton, Pa. 28 84 321 1916-39 Crooked Creek Ford City, Pa. 5 46 280 1909-39 Stony Creek Johnstown, Pa. 81 111 467 1914-35 Loyalhanna Creek New Alex- andria, Pa 40 70 265 1919-39 [viskimiti- etas Avonmore, Pa. 22 52 1,723 1907-37 Year 1930 1930 1922 1932 1908 June cubic feet per second.. 113 91 210 80 1,134 July do 54 20 170 43 608 August do 18 2.7 62 26 358 September.. do 23 4.0 30 16 90 year 1939 1932 1925 1939 1910 June..cubic feet per second.. 194 45 221 122 2,825 July do 171 72 232 127 697 August do 56 8.3 90 33 192 September.. do 27 3. 2 32 22 693 Year 1925 1925 1914 1930 1909 June, cubic feet per second 137 32 446 489 2,494 July do 157 153 230 50 431 August ... . do 70 26 66 24 397 September _. do 29 6.3 34 37 217 Flow regulation.—The following reservoirs in the Allegheny River Basin are a part of the authorized program for flood control primarily for the protection of Pittsburgh. Each of the reservoirs is named for the stream on which it is located. Reservoir Mile 1 Status Net capacity Flow available with regulation2 Crooked Creek __ 47 Completed... Acre-feet 89, 500 . 125,600 69, 500 93,500 270,000 Cubic feet per second 97 Tionesta __ 155 do 188 78 do 107 62 do 146 Conemaugh River 65 Proposed (3) 1,927 226 201 do 1, 105,000 139,000 117,000 93 do 171 do 230 1 Location of dam in river miles above mouth of Allegheny River. 2 Maximum dependable flow at dam site during drought period July to November 1930 under one possible plan of reservoir operation. With the exception of the Allegheny River reservoir, present plans contemplate operations for flood control only. 3 Natural flow. Studies in progress indicate tlie desirability of substituting a system of small reservoirs for the large French Creek Reservoir. Among the projects receiving consideration in this connection are reservoirs on Sugar Creek (mile 138 2), Lake Creek (mile 140 2) and Sandy Creek (mile 134 2). The first two are tributaries of French Creek, the last is a tributary of the Allegheny about 10 miles downstream from French Creek. Studies have indicated the economic feasibility of a multiple- purpose reservoir project on the Clarion River at the Mill Creek site, 121 river miles above Pittsburgh, Pa. The flows shown in the above table are those which could be maintained below the dam sites during the period July to November 1930 the lowest flow period of record at * Location of dam in river miles above mouth of Allegheny River. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 321 Pittsburgh, by using a portion of the flood control storage for flow regulation after the end of the flood season, except in the cases of the Conemaugh River and Allegheny River Reservoirs. At the Cone- maugh River site the storage capacity would be limited by physical considerations so that it is undesirable to use any of it for low-flow regulation even during the normally dry season. At the Allegheny River site ample storage capacity would be available and it is proposed to provide 195,000 acre-feet of storage expressly for low-flow regula- tion in addition to capacity which would be available seasonally as an incidental feature of flood-control operations. In addition to these large projects a smaller one has been studied by the United States Engineer Department primarily for local protection at Jamestown, N. Y. The project involves improvements to the channel of the Cliadakoin River (the outlet of Lake Chautauqua) and a better scheme of operation of the existing dam which regulates the outflow from Lake Chautauqua. The proposed operating scheme would limit the outflow to about 5 cubic feet per second during the summer months. Discussion The major pollution problems in the Allegheny River Basin are: (1) control of acid mine drainage; (2) abatement of industrial wastes, particularly in the Clarion Basin; and (3) treatment of domestic sewage, particularly in the vicinity of Pittsburgh. In addition, there •are a number of other problems of a more local nature. Control of acidity can best be accomplished by a program of mine sealing supplemented by flow regulation. This matter is more fully discussed in a separate section of this report on “Acid Mine Drainage.” It is estimated that reservoir capacity of at least 210,000 acre-feet in this basin will be required for low-flow regulation. Of this, a portion could be made available at the four reservoirs al- ready completed. The entire amount could also be provided in the proposed Allegheny River reservoir where the water quality would be good. One of the completed reservoirs, Loyalhanna Creek, is on a. stream so heavily polluted with acid mine drainage that low-flow regulation by it might have a deleterious effect on the water quality of the Allegheny River. Although Mahoning Creek and Crooked Creek, on which two of the other completed reservoirs are located, also receive some acid mine drainage, they are less acid than Loyal- hanna Creek and low-flow regulation by these two reservoirs would be beneficial. Pittsburgh and vicinity.—More than 400,000 people discharge un- treated sewage to the Allegheny River in the lower 30 miles below the mouth of the Kiskiminetas. Industrial wastes add a population equivalent of about 280,000. Most of this pollution enters the lower eight miles below the nine public water supply intakes on the Allegheny, but sewage from about 80,000 people enters the stream above the intakes of the two largest water supplies in the basin. Primary treatment and chlorination of all municipal sewage in this area seems justified. All or most of the wastes entering the lower eight miles of the Allegheny probably could be most economically treated, with wastes from other parts of Pittsburgh, at a large plant on the Ohio River. 322 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL The problem of the city of Pittsburgh is discussed and cost esti- mates are included in the report on the main Ohio River. Kiskiminetas Fiver.—This stream is the most highly acid large stream in the entire Ohio River Basin. While great improvement is possible, a comprehensive program of mine sealing could probably not restore it nor many of its tributaries to an alkaline condition until concentrated active mining moves, at least in part, to other nreas. Sewage from about 185,000 people and industrial wastes equivalent in oxygen demand to sewage from an additional 95,000 enter the streams in this area. The largest city is Johnstown, located at the junction of the Little Conemaugh River and Stony Creek, about 70 miles above the mouth of the Kiskiminetas. Almost all of the industrial waste load and about 45 percent of the sewage enters the streams in Johnstown and vicinity. Justification of organic pollution abatement at most of the communities on highly acid streams is doubtful in the absence of effective acid control and, in general, the present need for sewage treatment at such places is not urgent. The immediate need is for a program to reduce the acidity of the streams. In con- junction witfi such a program, in some instances primary, and in other instances secondary treatment of sewage and organic industrial wastes will be necessary depending on the particular situation and cn the degree of acid reduction attained. At Derry, located on a small stream not affected by acid, secondary treatment is indicated. Allegheny Fiver above Kiskiminetas.—This section of the Allegheny River is relatively clean and always alkaline. The largest cities on, the stream are Olean, N. Y., and Oil City, Warren, and Franklin, Pa. Olean and Franklin have recently completed primary sewage treat- ment plants and the remaining large communities have taken steps toward treatment. Warren, Oil City, Ford City, and Kittanning, Pa., are building or have completed interceptors and a number of smaller municipalities have made similar progress. Laboratory data indicate the need for more complete treatment at Olean if the stream is to be maintained in good condition at all times. At Coudersport, Pa., near the source of the Allegheny, secondary treatment is indicated. Primary treatment of sewage and organic industrial wastes should be adequate at other sources of pollution on this stretch of the Allegheny. Clarion Fiver.— This stream and its tributaries receive wastes with a population equivalent of 147,000, of which more than 80 percent is from a pulp and paper mill and several tanneries located in the upper part of the drainage area. In the past, downstream water plants on the Allegheny have experienced taste, odor, and color troubles, ap- parently due to these industrial wastes, at times when a rapid draw-down at Piney Reservoir coincided with a low-flow period on the Allegheny. An understanding with the power company which operates the Piney project, regarding rapid release of water, together with improvements in waste disposal methods at the industrial plants, have improved conditions at downstream water plants in recent years. The Clarion River itself is still grossly polluted, however. Local oxygen depletion is common during the warm months as far down- stream as Piney Dam. Although the stream was found to have a good plankton and fish population at the time of the laboratory survey, the fish are said to be inedible because of the obnoxious taste of the flesh. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 323 All of the industries liave taken steps to reduce pollution and the pulp and paper plant lias spent large sums on treatment of its wastes. Continued intensive research leading to the development of better methods of disposal is not onty amply justified but essential if the Clarion River is to be restored. From the standpoint of its effect on the quality of the water in the Allegheny, the proposed flood-control and power project on the Clarion, which has been studied by the United States Engineer De- partment, does not seem desirable as an initial development. Al- though low-flow regulation by the reservoir would be valuable for neutralization of acidity in the lower Allegheny and upper Ohio Rivers, the possible deleterious effects of the polluted w’ater at times of low flow in the Allegheny would more than outweigh the beneficial effects. Further reduction in the pollution of the Clarion River and low-flow regulation by other reservoirs which would reduce the pro- portion of the Allegheny flow contributed by the Clarion would make the proposed reservoir more desirable. Other tributaries.—Most of these streams are relatively clean. Mahoning Creek, Crooked Creek, and Cowanshannock Creek are affected by acid mine drainage. Considerable progress has been made toward pollution abatement in streams not affected by acid'. A pro- gram for the treatment of all wastes discharged to French Creek and its tributaries is nearing completion. Serious local nuisances still occur below Bradford, Corry, Du Bois, Kane, and a few other com- munities. Secondary treatment is indicated at these places. Primary treatment should be sufficient at a number of other communities where pollution is less severe. At Jamestown and Falconer, N. Y., the Chadakoin River and Cassadago Creek are rather heavily polluted by textile wastes and municipal sewage. The cities constructed primary treatment plants but most of the industrial wastes are discharged directly to the Chadakoin River. Either secondary waste treatment or low-flow regulation from storage in Lake Chautauqua is indicated to improve conditions. Cost.—Estimates of the cost of existing sewage-treatment facilities and of a suggested pollution-abatement program are shown in table A-l. 324 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, PH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter Allegheny River, at city limits, Port A 285.5 Aug. 23,1940 11 15.5 7.3 72.5 1.0 4 7.0 35 Allegany. Do do Aug. 28,1940 82 15.0 8.0 79.2 2.3 110 7.0 Do Aug. 30,1940 30 17.5 8.3 86.1 1.1 9 7.1 Allegheny River, 1J4 miles below A 283.5 Aug. 23,1940 18 i6.0 5.2 52.1 2.9 2,400 7.0 35 Port Allegany, Pa. Do.. Aug. 28,1940 106 14.5 8.1 78.8 2.9 2,400 7.0 15 44 Do do_ Aug. 30,1640 44 17.0 8.2 84.0 .4 36 7.2 32 Marvin Creek, west city limits, ApoM 289.8 Aug. 28,1940 21 14.0 9.1 87.4 1.2 150 7.0 13 24 46 Smethport, Pa. Do Aug. 30,1940 7 17.5 8.1 83.7 1.3 93 7.1 44 Potato Creek, 1?4 miles above Smeth- APo 291. Aug. 23,1940 6 15.0 8 1 79.7 .7 9 7.1 26 port, Pa. Do ___do Aug. 28,1940 22 14.0 9.2 88.3 .6 240 7.0 Do __ do Aug. 30, 1940 28 17.5 6.7 69.2 1 4 240 7.1 Potato Creek, 2 miles below Smeth- APo 286 Aug. 23,1940 14 16.5 6.0 61.4 2.0 23 7.0 10 29 54 port, Pa. Do 65 14.5 8.2 79.8 2.4 1,100 7.1 Do 28 17.5 6.7 69.2 1.4 240 7.1 Potato Creek, 1 mile aboye mouth APo 279.. Aug. 1940 83 15.0 6.2 60.6 10.4 240 7.0 400 36 42 Do . 55 18.0 67.8 1.1 93 7.1 3 84 Allegheny River, 3 miles above El- A 276. Aug. 23i 1940 33 16.0 6.4 64.3 1.1 9 7.2 10 39 dred, Pa. Do do Aug. 27,1940 34 13. 5 7.4 71.1 .7 4 7.1 Do . Aug. 29,1940 179 16.0 7.8 78.2 1.4 150 7.1 Allegheny River, llA miles below El- A 269.5 Aug. 23; 1940 44 16.0 8.0 80.2 1.9 240 7.1 38 66 dred, Pa. Do ___ .do __ Aug. 27,1940 48 13.5 7.9 75.7 1.8 240 7.0 Do Aug. 29| 1940 287 15.5 6.7 66.8 3.5 460 7.1 Tram Hollow Run, A mile above AKnT 276 Aug. 23; 1940 (') 15.5 7.4 73.1 .9 24 7.4 7 120 272 Duke Center, Pa. Do _ .do Aug. 27, 1940 1 12.0 7. 7 71.2 2.2 24 7.4 3 256 Aug. 29, 1940 (i) 15.0 8.1 79.5 1.5 240 7.4 8 284 AKn 276 Aug. 23| 1940 1 14.5 8.2 79.6 1.3 24 7.6 Center, Pa. do Aug. 27,1940 1 12.0 8.8 81.3 1.1 24 7.5 Do Aug. 29’ 1940 1 15.0 8.4 83.0 1.9 24 7.4 Knapp Creek, below Duke Center, AKn 274.5. Aug. 23,1940 2 15.0 5.6 55.3 1.7 460 7.3 2 114 284 Do Aug. 27,1940 2 12.5 6.9 64.5 1.1 240 7.3 5 268 Do - do Aug. 29i 1940 3 15.0 7.6 75.3 1.2 240 7.3 5 299 Table A—7.—Allegheny River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 325 Oswago Creek, 1 mile above Shingle- AOs 276 Aug. 19,1940 15 20.5 7.2 79.6 1.9 24 7.0 33 house, Pa. Do do Aug. 26,1940 16 13.5 8.9 85.1 1.5 4 7.2 Oswago Creek, 2 miles below Shingle- AOs 271.5 Aug. 19,1940 28 20.0 7.2 78.7 2.3 110 7.0 10 44 56 house, Pa. Do do Aug. 26,1940 24 13.0 8.8 83.1 1.0 460 7.1 Genessee Creek, A mile above Boli- AOsG 278-__ Aug. 21,1940 1 13.5 7.7 73.8 1.2 46 7.0 66 var, N. Y. Do Aug. 20,1940 1 12.0 7.0 64. 5 1.0 46 7.0 Do .. Sept. 4,1940 1 16.5 8.4 85.4 1.5 9 7. 2 Genessee Creek, 3 miles below Boli- AOsG 273.5 Aug. 21,1940 4 16.0 6.0 59.9 2.0 43 7.3 3 66 192 var, N. Y. Do Aug. 26,1940 5 13.0 6.1 57.7 1. 7 240 7.2 14 190 Do Sept. 4,1940 4 18. 5 6.2 66.0 2 0 23 7. 3 7 188 Oswago Creek Bridge on Route 16, AOs 266 Aug. 26,1940 26 14.0 8.5 82.1 1.2 4 7.2 4 38 58 Mill Grove, N. Y. Allegheny River, A mile above Ports- A 265-. Aug. 16,1940 51 20.0 7.2 78.4 1.7 2 7.1 40 ville, N. Y. Do Aug. 19,1940 53 19. 5 6.3 67.6 1.8 46 7.0 Do Aug. 27,1940 57 12.5 7.4 69.4 1.2 46 7.1 Allegheny River, 2 miles below A 263 Aug. 16,1940 94 20.0 6.0 65.9 2.1 15 7.1 41 Portsville, N. Y. Do... Aug. 19,1940 97 20.0 6.0 65.4 2.2 46 7.0 Do Aug. 27,1940 104 13.0 7. 4 70.0 1.6 93 7.2 2 96 Allegheny River, 3 miles above Olean, A 261 Aug. 16| 1940 99 20.0 6.4 69.8 2.1 9 7.1 43 N. Y. Do Aug. 19,1940 105 20.0 6.1 66.2 2.7 4 7.0 Do Aug. 21,1940 122 16.5 8.0 81.6 1.5 8 7.2 Ischua Creek, 3A mile above Frank- A01I 282--. Aug. 21,1940 12 10.0 9.0 79.5 1.5 24 7.5 131 linville, N. Y. Do Aug. 26,1940 12 11.5 8.5 77. 4 . 5 24 7.6 Do .do Sept. 4,1940 8 15.5 7.7 77.0 1.8 9 7.6 Ischua Creek, A mile below Frank- A01I 280 Aug. 21,1940 15 13.0 7.4 70.3 4.2 4 7.4 8 107 114 linville, N. Y. Do Aug. 26,1940 19 12. 5 7.6 75. 7 2. 8 2 7.4 8 118 Do Sept. 4,1940 19 17.0 7.0 72.1 12. 4 24 7.4 3 124 Oil Creek, A mile above Cuba, N. Y A010 275 Aug. 21,1940 2 11.0 5.0 44.9 1.7 24 7.4 131 Do do Aug. 26,1940 1 12.0 5.9 54.5 2.3 23 7.4 Do Sept. 4,1940 2 14.0 4.6 44. 1 1. 8 23 7.2 Oil Creek, 2 miles below Cuba, N. Y. A010 272 Aug. 21,1940 6 11.5 5.2 47.0 2.9 1,100 7.1 10 98 104 Do.. Aug. 26,1940 6 12. 5 4.4 41.2 2. 5 430 7.2 5 108 Do 19 14.5 6.6 64. 5 2.9 430 7. 2 10 102 Olean Creek, Olean Waterworks, A01 261.5 Alig. 16,1940 34 21.0 7.1 78.8 2.3 4 7.4 14 41 Olean, N. Y. Do do Aug. 19,1940 36 19.5 6.8 73.3 2.1 4 7.4 3 94 Do. Sept. 3,1940 62 18.0 9.2 96.4 1.6 24 7.4 6 88 Do _ . . Sept. 4,1940 55 18.0 8. 7 91.6 1.6 9 7.5 16 Allegheny River, 1 mile below Olean, A 256.5 Aug. 16,1940 113 19.0 2.2 23.9 4.3 15 7.1 77 N. Y. Do Aug. 19,1940 118 20.0 1.0 11.0 6.4 240 7.0 90 Do do Aug. 21,1940 142 17.0 8.6 88.8 2.8 23 7.3 86 1 Less than 1. 326 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, pans per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Allegheny River, 34 mile above Alle- A 254.5 Aug. 16.1940 130 2.6 4.1 43 7.1 72 gany, N. Y. Do do Aug. 20,1940 143 16.0 4.0 40.4 2. 4 23 7 1 Do do Aug. 22,1940 131 14. 5 5.0 48.6 2. 8 15 7.1 Allegheny River, 34 mile below Alle- A 253.5 Aug. 16,1940 159 19.5 4.7 50.6 2.5 93 7.1 69 82 gany, N. Y. Do Aug. 20.1940 166 17.0 3.9 40. 4 2.8 43 7.1 Do Aug. 22,1940 148 15.0 4. 9 48. 7 2 0 9 7 0 98 Tunungwant Creek, 1 mile above ATu 254.5 do 2 14.0 9.4 90.8 1.5 15 7.2 42 Bradford, Pa. Do Aug. 27,1940 2 13.0 9.0 85.4 1.6 24 7.2 Do Aug. 29,1940 8 15.5 9.1 90.9 1.0 9 7.1 East Branch, Tunungwant Creek, ATuEb 255 Aug. 22,1940 8 14.0 8.8 84.8 2.2 9 7.2 5 53 312 1 mile above Bradford, Pa. Do do Aug. 27,1940 8 13.0 8.7 82. 3 1.6 240 7 2 Do do Aug. 29,1940 24 16.0 8. 5 85.8 2.4 93 7 ° 7 Tunungwant Creek, 134 miles below ATu 249.5 Aug. 22,1940 21 15.0 .1 1.2 7.9 4,600 7.1 21 82 254 Bradford, Pa. Do Aug. 27,1940 21 15.0 1. 2 11. 5 5 0 930 7 2 Do do Aug. 29. 1940 58 17.0 4.6 46. 7 i. 9 1, 500 7 1 Tunungwant Creek, 2 miles above ATu 246 Aug. 28,1940 101 15.5 4.0 40.0 16.6 2,400 6.9 220 30 144 mouth, Irvine Mills. Do do Aug. 30,1940 64 16.5 2.4 24.7 1.3 240 7 0 7 192 Allegheny River, l mile above Sala- A 23S.5 Aug. 20,1940 317 16.5 6.0 60.4 2.4 4 7.1 74 manca, N. Y. Do do __ __ Aug. 29,1940 991 17.5 7.1 73.9 3.7 460 7.2 Do do Sept. 3,1940 600 18.0 6.8 71.0 1.6 4 7. 2 Great Valley Creek, 2 miles above AGv 249... Aug. 20,1940 2 14.5 9.2 89.5 3.1 9 7.3 77 Ellicottville, N. Y. Do do Sept. 3, 1940 8 17.0 8.7 89.5 1.2 24 7.2 Do do Sent. 4,1940 8 16.5 7. 5 76.0 1.5 8 7.0 Great Valley Creek, 234 miles below AGv 245.5 Aug. 20,1940 3 15.5 9.4 93.6 1.3 24 7.3 82 Ellicottville, N. Y. Do... Sept. 3,1940 14 15.5 8.6 85.6 15 7.2 Do do.. Sept. 4, 1940 8 16.5 8.4 85. 7 1.3 14 7.2 1 84 Great Valley Creek, 1 mile above AGv 243 Sept. 3,1910 14 16.5 8.8 89.7 1.4 2,400 7.3 Great Valley, N. Y. Great Valley Creek, 2 miles below AGv 241 29 16.0 8.9 89.8 1.0 4 7.2 86 Great Valley, N. Y. Table A-7.—Allegheny River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 327 Great Valley Creek, 2)4 miles above Salamanca, N. Y. Do AGv 238 Aug. 20,1940 7 15.5 9.7 96.3 1.6 9 7.4 Aug. 22,1940 6 12.0 8.7 80.0 1.9 9 7 4 Sept. 3,1940 30 17.5 9.1 94.1 1.7 43 7.3 Aug. 20,1940 1 17. 5 9.3 96.4 1.4 46 7.2 Aug. 22,1940 (i) 11.5 7.5 68.5 2.2 24 7 1 Sept. 3,1940 1 17.5 9.1 94.7 1.1 4 7.3 Aug. 20,1940 2 16.0 9.2 92.1 1.3 43 7.2 Aug. 22.1940 1 11.0 9.3 84.3 l.l 9 7.3 Sept. 3.1940 1 14.7 9.5 92.8 1.3 9 7.3 Aug. 20,1940 365 16.5 5.5 55.8 4.9 460 7.4 Aug. 29.1940 1,140 17.0 6.6 68.1 1.3 43 7.4 Sept. 3,1940 684 17.0 6.8 69.9 2.4 23 7.2 Sept. 17,1940 9 13.0 10.0 94.4 1.3 15 7.2 Sept. 23,1940 2 15.5 9.6 95.2 .9 9 7.2 Sept. 17,1940 10 13.0 8.6 81.0 2.3 460 7.2 Sept. 23.1940 2 17.0 0 0 19.6 2,400 7.2 Aug. 28,1940 8 14.5 9.4 91.5 1.1 9 6.9 Aug. 30.1940 6 17.0 8.9 91.5 . 6 24 6.9 Aug. 28,1940 11 14.5 9.1 88.3 2.2 460 7.1 Aug. 30.1940 8 17.0 8.7 89.3 1.0 43 7.2 Sept. 9.1940 1 14.5 9.3 90.5 1.7 24 6.3 Sept. 12. 1940 (i) 9.5 10.4 90.3 1.1 O) 6.3 Sept. 19.1940 (0 12.0 10.3 95.5 1.0 (!) 7.1 Sept. 9,1940 3 15.0 5.1 50.3 38.3 11,000 6.9 Sept. 12.1940 2 12.0 .6 5.4 70.0 110,000 6.8 Sept. 19,1940 2 14.0 0 0 100.0 240,000 7.2 Sept. 12,1940 46 12.5 10.6 98.5 1.1 4 7.2 Sept. 19,1940 34 16.5 10.2 103.7 2.6 1 7.0 Sept. 10,1940 755 17.5 8.0 82.5 1.3 4 7 2 Sept. 16.1940 670 15.0 8.9 87.6 1.2 1 7 4 Sept. 20.1940 550 16.0 8.8 88.2 . 9 1 7.2 Sept. 11,1940 40 12.5 7.6 71.3 1.8 46 7.2 Sept. 17.1940 40 12.5 8.2 76.5 1.1 43 7.2 Sept. 23,1940 28 14.5 7.4 72.1 1.2 240 7.3 Sept. 11,1940 42 13.0 7.5 71.0 1.6 23 7.2 Sept. 17,1940 40 13.0 8.0 75.6 1.4 21 7.2 Sept. 23,1940 37 15.5 7.1 70.5 . 9 39 7.2 85 96 80 do Do Little Valley Creek, 2 miles above Little Valley, N. Y. Do ALv 243.5 58 do Do Little Valley Creek, 2 miles below Little Valley, N. Y. Do ALv 210 3 3 9 72 82 84 60 Do Allegheny River, 3 miles below Sala- manca, N. Y. Do A 228 81 19 2 100 62 Do Cool Spring Creek, 2 miles above Steamburg, N. Y. Do ACoS 226 33 Cool Spring Creek, llA miles below Steamburg, N. Y. Do ACoS 223.5... 2 18 27 40 62 Kinzua Creek, 1 mile above Mount Jewett, Pa. Do... AKi 236 17 Kinzua Creek, 3 miles below Mount Jewett, Pa. Do . . AKi 231 3 23 34 92 120 do Hubert. Run, 1 mile above Kano, Pa. Do AKiH 231.5 9 Do Hubert Run, J4 mile below Kane, Pa. Do AKiH 229 32 34 16 8 2 56 76 78 56 38 40 Do Kinzua Creek, bridge on Route 219, at mouth. Do . AKi 203.... 31 Allegheny River, bridge on U. S. 6, Warren, Pa. Do A 194 45 Do . Little Conewango Creek, bridge, Route 17, above Randolph. Do ACoLe 225 72 Do . Little Conewango Creek, 1J4 miles below Randolph, N. Y. Do.... 13 18 75 78 50 84 Do 1 Less than 1. 328 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth V Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demanl, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Hardness, p arts per million Lake Chautauqua, Celeron Park, ACoChLc 225 Sept. 11,1910 16.0 7.2 72.8 2.5 110 7.2 49 Celeron, N. Y. Do do Sept. 17,1940 16.5 9.5 96.8 2. 0 4 8 7 Do Sept. 23,1940 19.5 8.7 93.5 1.9 2 8 1 Lake Chautauqua, city limits, ACoChLc 223 Sept. 11,1940 15.5 8.3 82. 7 2. 2 4 7.8 8 42 50 Jamestown, N. Y. Do Sept. 17.1940 16.0 10. 8 108.1 2 5 43 8 7 Do do Sept. 23,1940 19. a 10. 5 112. 2 2 1 24 8 2 58 Chadakain River off Route 17, Fal- ACoCh 218 Sept. 11,1940 104 15.5 7.9 78.8 3.8 no 7.2 46 c-oner, N. Y. Do do.. Sept. 17,1940 332 16 0 9 1 91 9 2 7 240 18 54 Do - Sept. 23,1940 300 17.0 8. 4 86. 2 2 5 240 7 6 Cassadaga Creek bridge on Route 17, ACoCa 217 Sept. 11,1940 31 15.5 7.1 70.5 1.4 9 7.2 15 78 84 Levant, N. Y. Do Sept. 17,1940 30 14.5 7.8 76.4 12 2 7 2 Do do. . Sept. 23,1940 20 17.0 7.1 73.0 .9 4 7 2 Cassadaga Creek, south of Route 17, ACoCa 215.5 Sept. 11,1940 200 16.5 6.5 66.1 5.5 240 7.2 57 Levant, N. Y. Do Sept. 17,1940 304 16 0 8 4 84 4 3 7 240 7 8 Do Sept. 23,1940 320 18. 5 7 9 83. 8 3 2 93 7 4 Conewango Creek, Fifth Street ACo 193 Sept. 10,1940 600 16.5 7.3 74.2 3.0 75 7.2 42 45 52 Bridge, Warren, Pa. Do do Sept. 16,1940 610 15. 5 7 4 73 8 2 0 23 7 2 Do do Sept. 20,1940 400 14. 5 8 5 82 6 2 4 400 7 2 Allegheny River, 4 miles below A 184.5 Sept. 10,1940 1,340 17.0 7.3 75.4 2.7 150 7.2 38 42 58 Warren, Pa. Do Sept. 10,1940 1,320 16.0 7.9 79.8 1 8 93 7 3 5 76 Do do 1,090 14.0 11.1 107 2 1 8 15 7 6 70 Hare Creek, J4 mile above Corry, Pa- ABrH 210 Sept. 13,1940 10 12.0 9.6 88.3 1.4 9 7.2 53 Do do Sept. 18,1940 0 12.5 8.9 83. 2 1.3 4 7 3 Do do. Sept. 24,1940 7 14.5 2. 5 21. 2 9.9 2,400 71 Hare Creek, 1 mile below Corry, Pa__ ABrH 208 Sept. 13,1940 18 12.0 3.2 29.4 4.5 1,500 7.1 23 86 Do do. Sept. 18.1940 8 11.5 .0 5.6 6.9 2,400 71 Do Sept. 24.1940 7 14.5 2 5 24.2 9.9 2. 400 71 Hare Creek, 3 miles below Corry, Pa- ABrH 200 - Sept. 13,1940 18 12.5 .6 0.0 7.4 230 7.0 99 92 Do Sept. 18,1940 8 14 0 0 0 22 0 4 300 7 2 14 Do do Sept. 24,1940 7 15.5 0 0 19.8 lio! 000 7; 2 15 100 Table A-7.—Allegheny River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—■Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 329 Mathews Run, 2miles above Votings- ABrM 188.5 Sept. 10,1940 6 16.0 9.5 95.1 .8 4 6.8 4 33 40 ville, Pa. mm Do do Sept. 16,1940 3 14.0 9.9 95.1 ,7 4 7. 2 34 Do do Sept. 20,1940 3 14.0 9.9 95.4 .6 2 7. 2 42 Brokenstraw Creek, 1 mile above ABr 189 Sept. 10,1940 112 16.5 9.3 94.3 1.8 46 7.6 67 Youngsville, Pa. Do do Sept. 16,1940 128 14.0 8.7 83.7 1.3 4 7. 4 Do do Sept. 20,1940 82 15.0 11.6 113.9 1.7 2 8.1 Brokenstraw Creek bridge on Route ABr 187.5 Sept. 10, 1940 120 16.5 9.8 99.6 1.3 43 7.6 8 68 68 6, Youngsville, Pa. Do do. Sept. 16,1940 132 14.5 7.3 70.7 1.2 9 7.4 Do do Sept. 20, 1940 85 15.5 11.6 115.8 1.2 2 7.7 Brokenstraw Creek bridge on U S 6, ABr 184... Sept. 10,1940 17.0 9.3 95.6 1.7 24 7.5 67 Irvine, Pa. Do .. do Sept. 16,1940 134 15.0 8.5 83.3 1.4 15 7.4 5 82 Do . do. ._ Sept. 20,1940 87 15.0 11.8 116.0 3.8 15 8 2 4 76 West Run, city limits, Kane, Pa ATiEbW 207 Sept. 9,1940 (>) 15.0 8.9 87.6 1.3 9 7.1 35 Do do Sept. 12,1940 (') 10.0 10.0 87.9 .8 4 7.1 Do do Sept. 19,1940 C1) 11.5 9.4 • 85.9 .9 2 6.9 West Run, 2 miles below Kane, Pa__ ATiEbW 205 Sept. 9,1940 6 15.0 7.1 70.0 3.9 240 6.5 12 20 50 Do . .... do Sept. 12,1940 4 10.0 8.3 73.1 3.2 43 7.0 2 46 Do do Sept. 19,1940 3 11.0 7.1 64.2 3.2 15 6.8 1 Two Mile Run, 1 Yl miles above ATiT 200 Sept. 9,1940 11 14.0 9.5 91.8 1.2 46 7.0 17 Ludlow, Pa. Do do Sept. 12.1940 8 9.5 10.6 92.4 1.6 9 7.1 Do do Sept. 19,1940 8 10.5 10.5 94.0 .9 4 7.1 Two Mile Run, 1 mile below Ludlow, ATiT 198.5 Sept. 9,1940 17 14.5 8.9 86.8 2.0 240 7.0 16 19 34 Pa. Do.. do Sept. 12,1940 10 10.0 9.2 81.6 3.0 1,100 7.1 7 36 Do do Sept. 19,1940 8 11.0 9.1 82.1 2.3 460 7.2 4 40 Two Mile Run, at mouth, Sheffield, ATiT 194 Sept. 10,1940 40 15.0 8.4 82.9 2.0 460 6.6 11 28 76 Pa. Do do__ Sept. 16,1940 16 13.5 10.0 95.4 2.7 240 7.1 3 28 Do do Sept. 20,1940 12 14.0 9.1 87.7 2.1 4,600 6.3 32 Tionesta Creek, 1 mile above Shef- ATi 194 Sept. 10,1940 65 15.5 7.6 75.4 1.7 46 6. 4 21 field, Pa. Do do Sept, 16,1940 26 14.0 9.3 89.8 1.0 8 7.0 Do do Sept. 20,1940 25 14.0 8.7 83.8 1. 4 24 7.0 Tionesta Creek miles below Shef- ATi 192.5 Sept. 10,1940 108 15.0 8.1 79.7 2.1 240 6.6 23 22 28 field, Pa. Do do Sept. 16,1940 44 14.0 9.7 93.4 1.9 1,100 7.0 9 24 Do... Sept. 20,1940 37 14.5 8.6 83.3 2.1 240 6.9 10 30 A 134.2 Oct. 3,1940 1,550 15.0 9.3 91.9 .3 (‘) 7.4 47 Oil City, Pa. Do do Oct.. 15,1940 1,160 13.5 9.5 91.0 1.5 9 7.4 Do.... do Oct. 24,1940 1,110 8.0 11.4 96.4 1.2 4 7.3 Oil Creek, 1 mile above Titusville, AOi 153 Oct. 3,1940 8 13.0 10.9 102.7 1.4 4 7.5 73 Pa. Do do..- Oct. 15,1940 8 12.0 9.5 87.4 2.0 8 7.4 Do do.__ Oct. 24,1940 9 8.0 11.9 100.1 .8 (‘) 7.6 1 Less than 1. 330 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Oil Creek, \i mile below Titusville, Pa. AOi 149 Oct. 3,1940 8 13.0 11.3 106.9 1.1 43 7.8 78 Do - - do Oct. 15,1940 Oct. 24,1940 Oct. 3,1940 12 11.5 8.8 80.4 2.6 75 7.3 Do --- do 10 8.0 10.8 91.1 .9 7 7.5 Oil Creek, mile above Rouseville, Pa. AOi 139 55 13.0 10.5 99.2 .7 (*> 7.5 45 Do - . Oct. 15,1940 Oct. 24,1940 Oct. 3,1940 71 13.0 8.3 77.9 2.1 4 7.3 Do do 78 9.0 9.9 85.2 1.4 1 7.4 Oil Creek, % mile below Rouseville, Pa. AOi 138 58 15.0 8.4 82.7 3.7 43 7.8 73 Do . do Oct. 15,1940 Oct. 24,1940 Oct. 3,1940 74 14.5 7.1 68.9 5.3 460 7.2 Do do 80 9.5 8.0 69.9 3.3 3 7.4 Oil Creek, bridge, Seneca Ave., Oil City, Pa. AOI 135- 59 18.5 5.0 53.1 3.5 240 7.4 7 71 x02 Do do Oct. 15,1940 Oct. 24, 1940 Oct. 3,1940 76 15.0 3.1 30.5 4.2 240 7.2 23 100 Do do 82 10.0 4.4 38.8 1.7 9 7.3 8 108 Allegheny River, 2 miles below Oil City, Pa. A 132 1,610 14.0 9.8 94.1 1.2 46 7.4 8 47 60 Do do Oct. 15,1940 1,240 1,200 1,350 13.0 9.4 88.3 1.7 43 7.3 5 74 Do - - do Oct. 24,1940 Oct. 7,1940 7.5 11.2 93.1 1.1 4 7.4 5 64 Allegheny River, 1 mile above Frank- lin, Pa. A 127 17.0 8.7 89.7 1.6 46 7.4 29 Do - do Oct. 16,1940 Oct. 25,1940 Sept. 13, 1940 1,340 1,270 26 9.5 9. 1 79.3 .5 43 7.2 Do do 9.0 10.2 87.9 1.4 93 » 7.4 AFrSb 197 12.5 9.3 86.6 1.3 2 7.1 89 City, Pa. Do --- - do Sept. 18, 1940 Sept. 24,1940 Sept. 13,1940 18 13.5 8.8 84.0 1. 1 2 7.4 Do - do 16 16.5 8.0 80.9 .9 4 7.5 French Creek, 1)4 miles below Union City, Pa. AFrSb 195 34 13.5 9.0 85.5 4.6 930 7.3 4 92 100 Do . do__ Sept. 18,1940 21 14.0 8.6 83.3 1.6 230 7.2 2 88 Do do Sept. 24,1940 Sept. 13,1940 16 16.5 6.3 63.9 2.2 430 7.5 8 96 French Creek, bridge on US 6, Cam- bridge Springs, Pa. AFrSb 174 129 14.5 8.8 85.9 .9 2 7.4 87 Do do Sept. 18,1940 Sept. 24, 1940 Sept. 13,1940 79 15.5 9.2 91.3 1.4 4 7.4 Do do... 75 18.5 '8.6 91.3 .9 8 7.5 French Creek, 3 miles below Cam- bridge Springs, Pa. AFrSb 172 170 14.0 9.7 93.9 1.3 9 7.5 13 85 84 Do do Sept. 18, 1940 SO 16.5 9.0 91.9 1.9 4 7.4 7 82 Do..- Sept. 24,1940 76 18,5 7.6 80-2 1.6 2,400 7.4 23 92 Table A-7.—Allegheny River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 331 AFrC 158.5 15,1940 47 12.0 7.3 67.4 1.9 1 7.2 14 68 Mead ville, Pa. Do Oct. 24, 1940 36 10.0 6.9 60.5 2.1 1 7.2 2 80 AFr 161.5 3, 1940 114 15.5 10.7 106.3 .8 4 7.9 85 ville, Pa. Do ... 15, 1940 124 12.5 9.4 87.8 1.2 9 7.4 Do do 24, 1940 128 11.5 8.5 77.7 7.6 (') 7.4 French Creek, 2 miles below Mead- AFr 152.5 Oct. 3, 1940 157 16.0 4.4 44.6 2.7 230 7.2 14 81 86 ville, Pa. Do do Oct. 15, 1940 171 14.0 1.7 16.7 6.4 240 7.2 102 Do... 24, 1940 165 11.0 4.9 44.0 4.3 1,100 7.3 15 96 French Creek, Thirteenth Street AFr 128 Oct. 7,1940 202 17.0 9.0 92.4 1.1 2 7.6 3 84 100 Bridge, Franklin, Pa. Do 16, 1940 211 9.0 9.8 84.4 1.4 4 7.4 84 Do 25,1940 235 9.0 10.2 88.2. 2.0 110 7.4 8 74 Allegheny River, 1 mile below Frank- AFr 124.5 Oct. 7,1940 1,550 17.0 8.3 85.2 1.6 93 7.4 5 66 60 lin, Pa. Do.. 16, 1940 1,550 9.0 9.4 80.8 1.5 23 7.2 72 Do Oct. 25. 1940 1,410 8.5 9.8 83.8 2.0 4 7.6 6 90 ALO 125.5 16,1940 3 5.5 12.2 96.5 1.2 4 7.2 130 170 mcuth Franklin, Pa. ASaS 135 7,1940 (') 14.0 9.1 87.8 2.6 93 7.2 264 Stoneboro, Pa. Do 16,1940 0) 6.5 11.6 93.8 1.2 2 7.9 Do Oct. 25,1940 0) 8.5 10. 5 89.8 1.7 2 7.6 Sulfur Run, bridge near railroad ASaS 134.5 Oct. 7,1940 (») 15.0 5.4 53.2 24.0 46,000 7.8 45 210 244 station, Stoneboro, Pa. Do 16,1940 1 7.0 9.8 80 4 3.7 1. 500 7.5 292 Do Oct. 25. 1940 1 8.5 8.3 70.9 5.2 4, 300 /. 9 14 324 ASa 133.5 7, 1940 5 15.5 10.1 100.8 1.5 4 7.6 78 Sandy Lake, Pa. ASa 132.. Oct. 7, 1940 5 15.0 7.6 74.6 1.2 15 7.4 85 Lake, Pa. Do 16.1940 5 7.0 8.7 71.7 1.1 9 7.2 104 Sandy Creek, off route 02, Polk, Pa. ASa 123.5 Oct. 7.1940 6 16.5 9.9 100.9 1.0 1 7.4 r 73 Do do Oct. 16. 1940 5 6.5 11.7 95.2 1. 4 1 7.4 Do do Oct. 25. 1940 6 8.0 11.3 95.5 1.5 2 7.2 Sandy Creek, H mile below Polk, Pa. ASa 121 Oct. 7. 1940 10 16.0 9.1 91.8 1.2 150 7.3 3 68 102 Do 16. 1940 10 7.0 11. 4 93.7 1.3 4 7.2 Do . . Oct. 25. 1940 10 8.0 11. 0 92.8 1.8 9 7.4 22 94 ASaL 123.5.. 7,1940 4 16.0 9.6 96.4 3.3 9 7.3 53 58 62, Polk, Pa. Do 16. 1940 4 7.5 11.2 93.6 3.7 (0 7.2 60 Do 25,1940 4 8.5 10.3 87.6 4. 3 0) 7.5 10 64 Allegheny River, bridge on route 38, A 91.6. 10,1940 1,740 11.0 9.9 89.0 1.2 0) 7.3 55 Emienton, Pa. Do 23,1940 1, 760 7.0 11.8 97.4 2.5 1 7.4 Allegheny River, 3 miles below A 87.8 10,1940 1,780 11.5 9.5 86.7 .7 8 7.4 56 Emienton, Pa. Do Oct. 23,1940 1, 790 7.0 11.9 98.0 1.4 2 7.4 1 Less than 1. 332 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, pH Turbid- ity, parts per million KKKKK Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter West Branch Clarion River, Yi mile ACIWb 194.5 Sept. 9,1940 26 15.5 9.5 94.3 1.7 240 7.0 22 above Wilcox, Pa. Do___ do Sept. 12,1940 12 11.5 11.0 100.7 .9 4 7 2 Do do Sept. 19,1940 10 13.0 10.4 97.7 1. 5 9 West Branch Clarion River, 1 mile ACIWb 193 Sept. 9.1940 59 15.5 8.5 84.3 3.5 240 7.2 35 24 88 below W ilcox, Pa. Do do Sept. 12,1940 26 12.0 10. 4 96 3 3 0 • Do do Sept. 19,1940 19 12.5 9.8 91 4 2 6 West Branch Clarion River, bridge ACIWb 188 Sept. 30,1940 21 11.0 10.2 92.5 5.9 no 7.2 4 31 74 on route 219, Johnsonbura, Pa. Do do Oct. 8,1940 22 13.5 8.8 83.8 2 8 Do... do Oct. 18,1940 22 6.0 11. 4 91.3 3 2 460 Do do Oct. 28,1940 23 8.0 11.5 97.1 1.4 430 7 ? Do do._ Oct. 30,1940 20 7.5 11.8 98.3 1.8 93 7 2 Do do... Oct. 31.1940 21 8.0 11.6 98.1 2.3 240 7 2 East Branch Clarion River, First AClEb 188 Sept. 30,1940 40 30.5 4.1 53.8 5.2 240 7.2 5 39 50 Avenue Bridge, Johnsonburg, Pa. Do Oct. 8,1940 36 13.0 8.1 76 8 1 7 93 Do do Oct. 18,1940 40 8.5 12.4 105. 7 3.1 4 6 8 * 66 Do do Oct. 28,1940 29 6.0 11.8 95.0 1.8 4 . 7 2 Clarion River bridge in town, John- ACl 187 Sept. 30,1940 61 21.0 0 0 159 210 7.3 65 122 sonburg, Pa. Do do Oct. 8,1940 58 27.0 0 0 292 11,000 7 2 Do do Oct. 18,1940 62 20.0 0 0 268 2,400 7 1 Do do Oct. 28,1940 53 15.8 3 0 30.4 128 2,240 8 6 Do do Oct. 30,1940 62 17.0 0 0 77.5 6,700 7 0 Do do Oct. 31,1940 62 16.0 0 0 216 930 7 0 Clarion River, 1 mile below John- ACl 186 Sept. 30,1940 65 18.0 6.1 63.5 17.5 430 6.6 74 sonburg, Pa. Do do Oct. 8,1940 60 14.5 0 0 74.4 11,000 6 9 Do do Oct. 18,1940 63 9.5 0 0 117 2, 400 7 0 Do do Oct. 28,1940 54 10.3 4 7 41.6 48.5 5,850 8 6 Do Oct. 30,1940 63 11.3 0 0 35.2 9,800 7 2 Do do Oct. 31,1940 64 10.3 1.9 17. 2 85.7 2,400 7 8 Clarion River, city limits, Ridgway, ACl 182.5 Sept. 30,1940 87 12.0 7.6 69.7 16.5 460 6.6 52 Pa. Do -- -.do. Oct. 8,1940 80 15.5 5.2 51.2 27.5 11,000 7 0 Do do. Oct. 18,1940 74 8.0 .6 4.6 99.8 4,300 7.1 Table A-7.—Allegheny River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 333 Do Oct. 28,1940 74 7.5 0 0 2.8 2,400 7.2 Do do Oct. 30 j 1940 87 7.5 0 0 8.4 930 7.2 Do Oct. 3L 1940 88 8.5 3.7 31.7 59.2 4,600 7.3 AC IE 193.5 Sept. 27,1940 2 10.0 10.8 94.9 / 2 1. 5 } « 3.1 190 Marys, Pa. l 3.4 Do Oct. 8,1940 2 13.5 8.0 76.5 i 2 3.1 400 Do Oct. 18,1940 2 8.0 9.8 82.5 l / 24.1 3.1 450 Elk Creek, Y mile below St. Marys, AC1E 190 Sept. 27,1940 4 10.5 9.6 85.4 \ 5.8 17.9 4,600 6.1 4 14 104 Pa. Do do Oct. 8,1940 4 13.5 5.7 54.4 30.1 2,400 6.5 Do Oct. 18,1940 5 7.0 4.6 37.9 72.6 7,500 6.2 190 Elk Creek at mouth, Ridgway, Pa- _ AC1E 181 Sept. 30,1940 24 10.0 10.3 90.6 1.1 46 6.3 2 4 36 Do Oct. 8,1940 18 12.5 9.4 87.3 1. 7 240 7.0 7 32 Do do Oct. 18,1940 74 6.5 9.9 80.5 6.0 43 7.1 6 98 Do do Oct. 30,1940 24 6.5 11.5 93.5 .4 1,100 6.9 16 48 ACl 179 Sept. 30,1940 112 14.0 6.6 63.9 13.0 430 7.2 16 67 way, Pa. Do do Oct. 8,1940 98 14.0 6.3 60.8 8.0 1,500 7.2 18 98 Do . Oct. 18,1940 90 9.0 .6 5.3 125 4,300 7.4 38 350 Do Oct. 28,1940 99 7.5 1.0 8.0 2.1 3, 350 8.2 Do Oct. 30,1940 110 7.0 3.4 28.3 9.3 2, 400 7.4 48 324 Do - Oct. 31,1940 111 9.0 4.9 42.2 84.4 3,500 7.4 65 276 AC1M 178 Sept. 30,1940 6 12. 5 8.7 90.1 1.0 2 7.0 16 18 Do do Oct. 8,1940 7 13.0 9.6 90.4 1.5 4 7.0 7 32 ACIToL 184.5-... Sept. 27,1940 24 7. f 10. f 89.7 f * 1.4 } « 3.2 Brockway, Pa. l 1-1 Do - do Oct. 9,1940 18 7.5 10.2 18 \ (>) 3.0 8 214 Do do Oct. 17,1940 20 5.5 12.0 94.7 \ 1.6 f 2-5 } (i) 3.1 15 260 Little Toby Creek, city limits, ACIToL 182.5 Sept. 27,1940 30 7.5 10.6 88.1 I 1.3 ( 2 1. 1 } 24 3.4 8 Brockway' Pa. 1 2.3 / Do do Oct. 8,1940 22 8.0 9.7 81.5 (’) 3.0 Do do Oct. 17,1940 22 6.5 9.4 76.5 l .7 / 2.9 I 0) 3.1 228 ACITo 174 Sept. 30,1940 26 11.0 10.6 95.2 1 1.2 / 2.4 J v ’ } « 3.2 3 124 mouth. l 1.2 Do Oct. 9,1940 26 7.0 11.4 93.9 J * 1 \ (>) 3.0 5 156 Do do Oct. 17.1940 25 7.5 12.8 106.8 \ 1.2 ( *■! } C) 3.2 8 130 Clarion River, above Portland Mills.. ACl 173 Sept. 30,1940 142 13.0 5.1 48.4 i • < 12.2 J v ’ 21 6.1 35 16 158 Do ... .do Oct. 9,1940 135 9.0 7.6 65.6 f 2 4. 3 ) 43 4.7 134 Do Oct. 17,1940 126 8.0 4.5 37.6 \ 2.7 58.8 240 6.5 Do do Oct. 29, 1940 92 5.0 6.0 47.2 6.1 24 6.6 Do do Oct. 31,1940 185 6.5 8.9 72.4 17.9 46 7.1 i Less than 1. s Seeded and neutralized. 334 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average discharge, cubic feet per second Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Temper- ature 0 C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Clarion River, bridge in town, AC1 168 Oct. 1,1940 175 11.0 6.3 56.9 6.6 15 6.8 27 Arroyo, Pa. Do ___ Oct. 9,1940 157 10.5 4.8 42. 4 24.1 240 1,100 93 24 6.6 6.3 6.8 7.0 Do Oct. 17, 1940 137 8.5 4.8 41.3 187.0 8.8 Do Oct. 29.1940 98 6.0 6.1 48. 6 Do Oct. 31,1940 215 6.0 7.6 60.6 31.4 Clarion River, bridge on Route 368, Millstone, Pa. ACl ISO. Oct. 1,1940 196 11.5 6.'6 60. 5 6.2 24 7.1 29 Do Oct. 9, 1940 160 11.5 5.0 45.9 23.2 93 6.9 Do. Oct. 17,1940 150 9.0 0.1 52. 5 48. 4 9 6.8 7.0 6.9 7.0 Do Oct. 29.1940 119 4.0 7.5 57. 4 3.0 15 46 46 Do Oct. 31.1940 245 6.0 8.5 67. 9 18.4 6.8 Clarion River, bridge on Route 890, Clarington, Pa. AC1 144.5 Oct. 1,1940 247 12.0 6.5 59.6 31 Do Oct. 9,1940 181 11.5 5.5 50. 1 15. 8 240 23 9 7.0 6.9 7.1 7.1 Do Oct. 17, 1940 163 8.5 6. 7 57. 0 38.0 4.2 Do Oct. 29,1940 135 4.0 7.3 55.8 Do Clarion River, bridge on Route 36, Cooksburg, Pa. do Nov. 1,1940 278 6.0 8.6 69.2 18.4 240 AC1 135 Oct. 1,1940 286 13.0 7.2 67.9 7.5 46 7.1 2S Do Do Do do Oct. 9,1940 190 12.0 6.0 55.2 25.3 43 7.0 do. Oct. 17,1940 176 23.0 7.2 83.1 13.7 23 7.0 82 Oct. 29,1940 147 4.0 7.8 59. 5 7. 1 - 7.2 Do do Nov. 1.1940 298 6.0 8.8 70.2 6. 8 46 7.0 7.0 Clarion River, 1 mile above Cooks- ACl 137 do 300 6.5 8.8 71.4 7.0 46 burg, Pa. Clarion River, 3 miles south of Scotch AC1 132 Oct. 9,1940 198 13.5 6.5 62.0 11.8 93 7.1 Hill, Pa. Do do Oct. 29.1940 152 4.5 8.2 62. 9 2.8 7.7 4.1 4 7.2 7.1 7.2 76 218 94 Do . do Nov. 1. 1940 310 6.5 8.9 72. 2 9 43 Mill Creek, Piney Reservoir, Mill AClMi 123 Oct. 1,1940 15.0 5.6 55.2 7 39 Creek, Pa. Clarion River, Piney Reservoir, Mill ACl 122 do 13.5 71.0 3.0 24 7.0 29 Creek, Pa. Toby Creek, bridge off Route 966, AClTob 118 __ _.do 16.5 1.5 15.4 2.0 6.6 4 32 Clarion, Pa. Clarion River, bridge on Route 966, ACl 112 Oct. 9,1940 4 78 16.0 2.1 20.7 3.0 6.6 15 Clarion, Pa. „ w Table A-7.—Allegheny River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 335 Clarion River, bridge on Route 37S, Caiiensburg, Pa. AC1101 Oct. 1,1940 263 15.5 8.5 84.3 1.0 8 7.1 32 I)o do Oct. 23,1940 Oct. 1,1940 233 10.0 8.6 75.5 1.9 1 7.1 Clarion River, bridge south of St. ACl 90.5 290 15.5 9.3 92.7 .7 2 7.2 8 28 84 Petersburg, Pa. Do Oct. 10,1940 Oct. 23,1940 Oct. 10,1940 248 10.5 9.7 86.9 1.7 4 7.2 7. 2 2 32 90 88 Do 274 8.0 10. 8 90.8 1.3 (>) 4 12 Allegheny River, bridge on Route 68, Parkers Landing, Pa. A 85 2,020 11.0 10.1 91.4 1.1 7.3 54 Do do Oct. 23,1940 Oct. 10,1940 2,070 2,100 7.0 11.3 92.6 1.6 2 7.4 Allegheny River, bridge on Route 68, East Brady, Pa. A 70.7.- 13.0 9.7 91.2 1.0 1 7.4 42 Do Oct. 23,1940 Sept. 27,1940 Oct. 11,1940 Sept. 27,1940 Oct. 11,1940 Oct. 21,1940 Sept, 27,1940 Oct, 11,1940 2,180 24 8.5 11. 8 100.7 1.3 4 7.4 6.4 9 78 Sandy Lick Creek above DuBois, Pa. AReS 141.5 13.5 10.7 101.7 .6 15 80 Do do 14 7.5 10.2 84.8 1.5 4 6.6 Sandy Lick Creek, below Dubois, Pa- Do AReS 138.5 25 13.5 8.2 78.3 17.2 24,000 6.5 22 89 52 64 do 15 8.5 5.6 47.9 61.6 24,000 46,000 4 6. 7 Do do_ 16 6.5 6.0 48.9 35.0 7.1 Falls Creek, 1 mile above Falls Creek, Pa. Do_ AReSF 139 2 11.5 10.8 98.4 1.6 6.5 17 2 8.0 10.5 88.5 1.0 2 6.9 Falls Creek, bridge on Route 830, Falls Creek, Pa. ARcSF 138 Sept. 27,1940 10 11.5 11.0 100.6 1.3 4 6.4 20 20 24 Do do Oct. 11,1940 Oct. 2,1940 6 8.0 10.1 84. 8 2.7 110 6 9 32 410 Soldiers Run, % mile above Reyn- AReSS 132 0) 8.5 10.5 89.5 / 8 2.0 1 1-2 / 81.7 \ 1.5 1.5 } 1 3.1 4 oldsville, Pa. J Do, Oct. 11,1940 Cct. 2,1940 (>) 23 5. 0 10.5 82.3 } 0) 9 3.0 6.5 520 Sandy Lick Creek, bridge on Route AReS 131.5 10.5 7.7 68.4 26 322, Reynoldsville, Pa. Do. Oct. 11,1940 Oct. 2,1940 19 6.0 8.8 70.9 1.8 15 6.5 6.2 Sandy Lick Creek, city limits, Reyn - oldsville, Pa. AReS 130. 24 10.5 7.2 64.2 2.2 4 3 21 86 Do Oct. 11,1940 Oct. 4,1940 20 8.0 7.0 59.3 88.0 2.0 9 6.3 6.4 72 124 Sandy Lick Creek, city limits, Brook- ville, Pa. AReS 115.5 39 12.0 9.5 1.0 (') 6 12 Do. do. Oct. 14,1940 35 9. 5 9. 9 86.2 .3 0.9 1 4 6.9 7.2 88 66 North Fork Red Bank Creek, bridge on route 322, Brookville, Pa. AReNf 113.5 Oct. 4,1940 6 11.5 10.0 90.8 10 60 Do do_._ Oct. 14,1940 Oct. 4,1940 7 8.0 10.2 1.1 85.8 1 7.3 7.2 10 28 Red Bank Creek, city limits, Brook- ARe 112 46 12.0 9.7 1.7 89.9 2,400 25 ville, Pa. Do Oct. 14,1940 Oct. 22,1940 Oct. 4,1940 42 8.5 9.6 1.6 82.1 430 7.0 7 4 3 Do 31 7.0 15.3 2.6 125.7 430 Red Bank Creek, mile above ARe 103 55 10.0 10.6 .9 93.6 4 7.2 22 Summerville, Pa. Do do Oct. 14,1940 50 9.0 10.0 1.0 86.5 2 7.1 Do Oct. 22,1940 52 6.0 13.5 1.7 108.1 4 7.3 1 Less than 1. 8 Seeded and neutralized. 90035—14—pt. 2 13 336 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL ' Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Red Bank Creek, city limits, Summerville, Pa. Do .. ARe 101.5 Oct. 4,1940 55 10.5 11.0 .6 98.5 23 7.2 14 23 74 do Oct. 14,1940 50 8.5 10.2 1.0 87.2 46 7.1 Do.- do Oct. 22,1940 52 4.0 14.5 2.4 110.5 240 7.3 Red Bank Creek, 1J4 mile above New Bethlehem, Pa. Do ....... ARe 87.5 Oct. 14,1940 58 10.0 10.2 .7 90.4 1 6.9 66 Oct. 22,1940 59 4.5 13.0 1.4 100.0 1 7.1 Red Bank Creek, mile below New Bethlehem, Pa. Do Oct. 14,1940 Oct. 22.1940 59 11.5 10.6 97.0 1.1 93 7.0 64 62 4.5 12.8 98.9 2.3 93 6.9 70 Oct. 10,1940 Oct. 14,1940 49 11.0 11.5 103.9 .5 2 7.2 21 68 Lawsonham, Pa. Do do_. 64 11.5 10.9 99.1 1.4 (i) 6.9 3 82 Do do Oct. 23,1940 76 8.0 12.6 106.3 .7 (*) 7.1 15 80 A 62.2 Oct. 10,1940 Oct. 11,1940 2,150 16.0 8.9 89.3 .6 2 7.3 49 78 Sugar Camp Run, off route 119, Sykesville, Pa. Do AMaStS 127.5 1 10.0 6.3 55.4 / *.7 \ 3.9 r 2 i.o \ 5.8 3.9 I (*) 6.3 368 _do Oct. 21,1940 2 10.0 6.5 57.5 J V ' I « 6.2 388 AMaSt 127.5 Oct. 11,1940 Oct. 21,1940 Oct. 2,1940 Oct. 11,1940 6 7.0 5.8 47.8 J 0) 6.4 Do 5 6.0 11.6 93.2 / 2 1.0 \ 6.2 0 } (0 5.8 260 Stump Creek, 1 mile below Sykes- ville, Pa. Do AMaSt 126 8 9.0 3.2 27.8 J (') (1) 6.1 150 21 420 do 8 6.5 5.8 25.0 .2 6.6 184 Do do Oct. 21,1940 7 6.0 12.1 97.1 f 2 1.4 \ 4.2 1.1 } w 6.1 38 204 Stump Creek, bridge off route 951, Sykesville, Pa. AMaSt 125 Oct. 2,1940 1 8.0 10.8 91.0 j .2 7.2 14 33 38 Stump Creek, 3 miles below Sykes- ville, Pa. Mahoning Creek, 1 mile above Punx- sutawney, Pa Do AMaSt 124 do 9 9.5 11.0 96.0 f » 1.4 l 3.7 f 2.8 1 1.3 f 22.4 l -8 / 2 2.2 l 1.7 } « } 1 3.2 58 520 AMa 113 do_ 33 11.0 10.4 94.1 4.5 270 do Oct. 10,1940 44 13.5 10.2 97.6 J 0, ) <‘> 4.8 114 Do do Oct. 22,1940 27 7.0 12.5 102.8 5.5 190 Table A-7.—Allegheny River Basin: Ohio River -pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 337 Mahoning Creek, bridge route 119, I AMa 109 Oct. 2,1940 36 11.0 10.5 94.5 f 21.6 m 5.2 34 230 Punxsutawney, Pa. f { .9 Do Oct. 10,1940 Oct. 22,1940 Oct. 22,1940 57 31 13.5 7.0 3.5 10.7 12.0 13.0 102.2 98.8 98.0 1.1 1 4 i 24 6.4 6.5 6.4 15 Do Mahoning Creek, 7 miles above AMa 63 49 . i f) 178 mouth. Mahoning Creek at mouth. AMa 66.5 Oct. 10,1940 Aug. 20 1940 16.0 25.5 9. 4 94 2 1.1 (0 7.3 7. 4 23 45 56 Allegheny River, lock and dam No. 8 A 62.6. 830 8. 1 97.6 1. 4 4 56 Do Aug. 28,1940 Sept. 12,1940 Sept. 20,1940 Sept. 23,1940 ' OCt. 3,1940 Oct. 7,1940 Oct. 16,1940 Oct. 21,1940 Oct. 31,1940 Nov. 5,1940 Nov. 22,1940 Nov. 25,1940 Dec. 6,1940 1,990 4,040 2,680 2,580 2,610 2,170 1 800 21. 5 8. 6 96. 7 1. 2 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.1 6.9 3.1 65 Do . 20.0 18.5 19.5 15.0 16.5 14.5 11.5 9.0 9.0 4.0 6.0 0 1.0 15.0 9.0 8.7 8.6 9.8 9.4 9.9 10 4 97.9 91.9 92.7 96.5 95.7 96.5 95.3 96.5 104.2 103.1 105.4 99.7 99.2 76.8 1.5 1 fi 49 51 50 50 43 48 59 60 50 39 33 26 23 Do Do 2.1 1.4 1.9 1 2 i 9 Do Do Do Do. 1,800 2, 200 7,400 11,000 12,400 11 700 1. 5 Do. 11. 2 1.5 3 Do 12.1 13.5 13.2 14.6 14.1 7.8 1.7 .9 1 4 Do 24 15 46 00 Do Do. 1. 3 Do. Dec. 11,1940 Sept. 10,1940 27,800 (>) 3.0 r 21.6 l 3.7 Craig Run at mouth, Rural Valley, ACoC 62.5 } 70 610 Pa. Do. Oct. 24,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Sept. 10,1940 (>) 6 3 10.0 9.0 16.5 7.4 9.3 6.9 64.9 80.1 69.7 i 2 »• 4 } (1) } (,) } « 2.8 3.3 2.9 625 638 Do \ 4.7 ( 5 H 78 Cowanshannock Creek, upper edge ACo 63 l 5.4 / 2 2.0 l 4.3 Rural Valley, Pa. Do Oct. 24,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Sept. 10,1940 1 11.0 4. 5 8.8 11.7 5.4 79.0 90.1 56.5 / 2 1.0 } « }« } « 2.8 3.3 3.2 Do 9 l 2.6 / 2 1.0 Cowanshannock Creek }i mile below ACo 60-__ 5 17.5 l 4.3 / 2 1.0 68 365 A atesboro, Pa. \ 2.5 Do Oct. 24,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Aug. 20,1940 2 11.5 5.5 25.0 6.4 10.9 7.8 58.1 85.9 93.3 1 2 2.1 } « \ 2.9 ►- 3.5 7.3 60 22 524 320 Do 16 1,750 1 4.5 1 2 -7 Allegheny River, lock and dam, No. A 45.7 l 3.8 1.1 / 4 51 7, Kittanning, Pa. Do Aug. 28,1940 Sept. 12,1940 Sept. 20,1940 Sept. 23,1940 Oct. 3,1940 Oct. 7,1940 Oct. 16,1940 2,030 4,670 2,860 2,490 2,880 2,490 2,080 21.0 20.0 18.5 19.5 15.0 16. 5 8.3 8.7 8.6 8.4 9.7 9.6 9.6 92.0 95.3 91.5 90.8 95.8 97.1 93.2 7.3 7.3 7.5 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.5 52 53 52 45 49 45 46 Do 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.2 Do Do... Do Do i Do. 14.5 (>) > Less than 1. 2 Seeded and neutralized. 338 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Allegheny River, lock and dam, No. 7, Kittanning, Pa. Do . A 45.7. - Oct. 21,1940 2,080 11.0 10.4 93.5 1.3 1 7.2 48 do Oct. 31,1940 2, 350 8.5 11.2 95.1 1.6 4 7.3 59 Do . do_ Nov. 5,1940 7,500 11, 200 9.0 11.7 100.8 1.7 6 7.2 48 Do do_ Nov. 22,1940 4.0 13.5 102.7 1.1 4 7.3 37 Do do Nov. 25,1940 12,600 6.0 12.8 102.3 1.4 15 7.3 39 Do do Dec. 6,1940 11,900 0 14.9 101.7 1.4 110 7.2 33 Do do Dec. 11,1940 28, 300 1.0 14.2 99.8 2.2 24 6.9 25 North Branch Plum Creek, upper edge Sagamore, Pa. Do ACrPINb 78 Sept. 10,1940 3 19.0 7.0 74.3 f > .9 l 1-4 / > .5 l 1.4 f >1.3 l 1.5 f * .6 { 2.3 J * .9 \ 4.9 f * .9 \ 2.5 1.3 } 2 3.2 do. Oct. 24,1940 1 9.5 9.9 86.4 } 0) 2.9 Do - do Nov. 14,1940 5 5.0 11.6 90.3 } (*) 4.0 North Branch Plum Creek, -)4 mile below Sagamore, Pa. Do ACrPINb 77 Sept. 10,1940 4 17.0 7.4 76.0 i ) 110 3.2 45 145 do Oct. 24,1940 1 10.0 7.3 64.7 <■» 3.6 14 316 Do do__ Nov. 14,1940 5 5.5 11.2 88.8 1 } W 3.9 6 152 Crooked Creek, Crooked Creek Res- ervoir, above dam: ACr 49 Nov. 7,1940 9.0 9.7 83.3 ) 2 6.9 6 18 126 do 8.5 9.7 82.4 1.0 4 7.0 15 18 140 Crooked Creek Reservoir, above dam Crooked Creek Reservoir, below dam Allegheny River lock and dam No. 5, Freeport, Pa. Do ACr 49 Oct. 24,1940 _ __ do__ 12 1.3 6.9 8 ACr 46 5 1.2 7.1 3 21 35 109 A 30.4 Aug. 20,1940 1,830 25.0 7.2 86.4 .7 4 6.7 do Aug. 28,1940 2,120 21.5 7.5 84.5 .9 24 7.2 52 Do do Sept. 12,1940 4, 920 20.0 8.2 89.1 1.2 43 7.3 54 Do do Sept. 20,1940 3,020 19.5 7.4 79.4 1.4 23 7.3 45 Do do Sept. 23,1940 2, 120 20.0 7.8 85.0 1.2 25 7.3 52 Do - do Oct. 3,1940 3,050 16.0 9.1 91.2 1.1 23 7.5 52 Do . do Oct. 7,1940 3,010 16.5 9.2 93.2 1.6 9 7.4 50 Do do Oct. 16,1940 2,200 14.5 9.0 87.9 3.8 46 7.3 46 Do - do Oct. 21,1940 2,200 12.0 9.4 87.2 2.0 9 7.3 45 Do do Oct. 31,1940 2,450 11.0 10.2 91.8 1.4 46 7.3 60 Do d9 Nov. 5,1940 7,600 9.5 10.8 94.6 1.6 110 7.3 56 Do - do Nov. 22,1940 11,200 4.0 12.7 96.4 1.1 25 7.3 37 Do- — do Nov. 25,1940 13,000 6.0 12.4 99.6 1.1 24 7.4 37 Table A-7.—Allegheny River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 339 Do _ Dec. 6,1940 Dec. 11,1940 July 19,1940 12,200 30,700 (') 0 14.4 14.7 8.3 98.8 103.4 81.6 1.5 2.5 1.9 110 46 75 7.3 6.9 7.3 32 24 69 Do 1.0 15.0 Conemaugh River, below all sewage, AKiCo 141 Cresson, Pa. Do July 31,1940 Aug. 8,1940 July 19,1940 (') (0 1 16. 5 7.1 72 5 2. 7 460 240 0) 7.2 7.3 3.5 86 97 Do. 17.0 17.5 6.4 7.5 66.1 78.0 4.6 / 2 1.3 \ 1.5 Conemaugh River, upper edge of AKiCo 136.5 Lilly, Pa. Do__ July 31,1940 Aug. 8,1940 July 19,1940 1 19.0 21.5 19.0 5.6 60.4 / * -4 " 9 3.4 4.1 3.1 Do. 1 5.0 56. 5 \ 11 / 5 6.6 \ 6.3 / ai.4 \ 2.3 ( 8 'I Conemaugh River, H mile below all AKiCo 135.5 4 8.6 92.0 sewage, Lilly, Pa. Do July 31,1940 Aug. 8,1940 July 19,1940 3 18.5 7.6 80. 8 ) 1 3.1 3.3 3.1 Do 2 23.5 6.1 70.7 94.3 { 1:4 / \ 4 Conemaugh River, upper edge of AKiCo 131. 12 20.0 8.6 l 2.4 } m Portage, Pa. l .7 Do July 31,1940 Aug. 8,1940 July 19,1940 July 31,1940 Aug. 8,1940 July 19,1940 11 18.5 8.5 89. 7 ( 8 * c } « } « } « } « } « } 9 2.9 3.0 2.6 Do 10 22. 5 8.0 91.0 ■-:8 Trout Run, at mouth, Portage, Pa... AKiCoT 129. 2 19.0 7.8 83.9 l 1.1 / 5 1.7 l 1.9 / »1.9 20 Do 1 21.0 26. 6 8.0 7.1 8.5 89.1 86.7 91.4 2.7 2.7 3.2 12 4 Do 1 l 1.8 / 3 2.7 Conemaugh River, below town, AKiCo 128. 5 14 19.5 l 6.0 / 3 1.0 32 Portage, Pa. l 1.5 Do July 31,1940 Aug. 8,1940 July 19,1940 12 18. 5 8.1 7.7 7.2 86.2 87.0 74.2 ( 8 } w } 1 93 2.9 3.0 7.0 54 Do.... 13 22.0 17.0 l .8 ( 8 '9 North Fork Conemaugh River, 100 AKiCoNf 137.5.... 2 l 1.9 6.8 60 yds below Ebensburg, Pa. Do July 31,1940 Aug. 8,1940 July 19,1940 2 20 0 7.1 4.2 10.5 77.5 45.2 129.2 1.4 51.4 1.2 240 24,000 4 7.3 7.1 7.5 59 105 39 Do 2 19.0 26.5 North Fork Conemaugh River at AKiCoNf 127 5 4 53 mouth, Wilmore, Pa. Do July 31,1940 Aug. 8,1940 July 22,1940 2 24.0 27.0 19.5 8.2 10.0 7.8 96.5 123.5 83.8 .9 1.3 / 3 1.7 24 24 } » 7.3 7.5 2.7 4 53 63 57 61 Do 2 8 Conemaugh River, above South AKiCo 123 33 Fork, Pa. \ 6.6 Do. July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 26 33 22 5 7.3 7.3 83.3 80.1 / 8 -i \ 2 3.1 2.9 Do 20.5 V / } (1) 1 Less than 1. > Seeded and neutralized. 1 1.0 340 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Conemaugh River, below South AKiCo 122 July 22,1940 75 22.0 7.8 88.6 f > .8 l 1.9 } « } 1 2.9 Fork Creek, below South Fork, Pa. Do do.._ July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 60 21.5 6.8 76.3 2.8 Do do 52 21.0 7.3 80.9 l ■ 3 J » .7 i 1.0 . 7 J } w 2 3.0 South Fork Creek, above town, AKiCoSf 129 July 22,1940 8 18.5 8.6 91.6 6.9 14 Beaversdale, Pa. Do. do... July 30,1940 6 24.0 8.4 98.1 .4 2 6.8 15 Do do Aug. 7,1940 6 18.0 8.6 90.1 .6 2 7.0 17 South Fork Creek, above town, .AKiCoSf 124 July 22,1940 33 18.5 7.7 81.1 f U.7 .6:$ \ 2.6 f 2 1.9 \ 4.1 f 2 1.6 I (1) 2.8 67 South Fork, Pa. Do do. July 30,1940 Aug 7,1940 24 24.5 7.5 88.4 J } « } « } 1 2.7 88 Do do 19 18.5 7.8 82.5 2.7 80 Shade Creek, below town, Central AKiCoStS 134.... July 18,1940 6 15.5 8.8 87.9 4.9 City Pa. Do do.. July 29,1940 Aug. 9,1940 July 18,1940 14 23.5 7.4 86.0 f 2-.6 } 24 3.8 Do do.. 3 17.0 8.2 83.7 l . 5 { 1 1 } 4 4.0 Shade Creek, below town, Reitz, Pa.. Do AKiCoStS 132 21 16.0 8.8 88.7 l . 2 f ».2 I (*> 2.7 do July 29,1940 Aug. 9,1940 July 18,1940 64 22.5 7.9 90.4 / 1 .4 J } « } « } 1 3.0 Do. . do 9 16.5 8.4 85.7 l . 7 / 2.8 l 1.1 2.8 Shade Creek at mouth, Scanor, Pa... AKiCoStS 123 38 20.0 8.9 97.1 2.8 5 Do do July 29,1940 140 22.5 7.5 85.4 l . 4 .7 J } 21 3.4 42 Do do... Aug. 9,1940 28 19.5 8.4 90.7 } « 43 2.8 3 Stonev Creek Bridge on Route 30, AKiCoSt 135.5-.. July 17,1940 65 17.0 9.0 92.6 6.9 17 Stoyestown, Pa. Do . do July 26,1940 Aug. 12,1940 101 22.5 7.7 88.5 1.0 1,100 6.7 19 Do do 13 19.0 8.3 89.2 / 8 -4 } « 3.6 l .4 Table A-7.—Allegheny River Basin: Ohio River -pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 341 Stoney Creek, upper edge of Hoovers- viile, Pa. Do AKiCoSt 131.5 do - July 17,1940 July 26,1940 Aug. 12,1940 July 17,1940 July 26,1940 Aug. 12,1940 July 17,1940 July 26,1940 Aug. 12,1940 July 17,1940 July 26,1940 Aug. 12,1940 July 17,1940 July 26,1940 Aug. 12,1940 July 17,1940 July 26,1940 Aug. 12,1940 July 17,1940 July 26,1940 Aug. 12,1940 July 18,1940 July 29,1940 Aug. 9,1940 July 18,1940 July 29,1940 Aug. 9,1940 1. 18.0 22.5 19.5 18.5 23.5 21.0 17.5 22.0 20.0 17.5 22.5 20.5 18.0 24.5 21.5 19.0 24.5 21.5 19.5 25.5 22.5 19.5 21.5 18.0 19.5 20.5 18.5 9.0 7.7 8.1 8.9 7.5 8.2 8.3 7.2 7.4 8.3 7.1 5.7 6.3 7.0 6.5 8.9 7.5 8.1 8.7 7.4 7.9 8.2 7.6 8.4 8.5 8.0 8.5 93.8 88.2 87.3 94.5 87.6 91.5 86.3 82.0 80.7 85.8 81.4 62.8 66.2 82.8 72.6 94.9 89.1 90.8 91.1 89.3 90.4 8S. 1 85.5 87.6 91.4 87.8 on k •:i 1.1 :? ’:» ■:! / s . 2 \ A / 1 .3 l .5 •:l 1.2 .8 .7 *:{ ‘ :$ ::i l 2.3 / » .8 l 1.2 f » 1.4 } 110 93 } « 3 } 24 } 1 } 24 } 9 } « } 15 } 9 } « 93 93 9 } 2 } 46 } (') - } 23 } 4 } w } 2 } « } 4 } 4 } <‘> lized. 5.2 6.1 3.5 5.0 4.2 3.3 4.1 3.0 2.9 4.8 3.0 2.9 6.6 6.8 6.9 4.4 4.1 3.3 4.7 4.2 3.4 3.9 3.4 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.9 147 13 80 152 13 50 20 18 49 22 17 9 1 1 91 154 13 93 160 13 5 4 1 11 17 7 15 Do do Stoney Creek, bridge mile below Hooversville, Pa. Do _ AKiCoSt 129.5...- do Do Quern ahoning Creek, upper edge of Boswell, Pa. Do AKiCoStQ 133-..- Do do Quema’noning Creek, y> mile below sewers, Boswell, Pa. Do ; AKiCoStQ 132— do Do do Quemahoning Creek at mouth, IIoll- sopple, Pa. Do _ . AKiCoStQ 125..._ 55 13 17 28 25 43 92 106 93 Do Stoney Creek, upper edge of Holl- sopple, Pa. Do.. AKiCoSt 121 do Do do_._ Stoney Creek, Vi mile below Holl- soDple, Pa. Do AKiCoSt 123 2 27 do Do do Paint Creek, above town, Windber, Pa. Do AKiCoStP 125.... do Do do. - Paint Creek at mouth, Scalp Level, Pa. Do... AKiCoStP 119.... do 30 40 31 Do do 1 Less than 11 2.8 * Seeded and neutra t 342 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Stoney Creek above mouth of Paint AKiCoSt 119 July 18,1940 97 20.5 8.6 94.7 ( ■ -3 } « 3.3 Creek, Scalp Level, Pa. l -6 f ’.9 l 1.1 r * .3 l .6 1 > .8 1 1.6 Do do July 29,1940 Aug. 9,1940 July 29,1940 254 22.5 7.4 84.9 } 240 3.4 Do. do 40 23.0 7.9 91.4 J } (>) 1 110 2.9 Stoney Creek above Ferndale and Johnstown, Pa. AKiCoSt 113.5.... 604 22.0 7.2 81.2 3.4 J Do do Aug. 9,1940 Aug. 12,1940 88 19.5 21 0 8.4 90.5 87 2 ( 1.0 r » .3 } « 1 (1) „ 2.9 Do 52 7 8 2.8 2 l .4 / 8 3.1 14 Stoney Creek at mouth, Johnstown, Pa. Do AKiCoSt 109.5.... July 18,1940 170 22.5 8.9 102.2 f 3 1.2 l 1.7 } . ! W 2.8 290 do July 29,1940 689 23.5 4.9 57.4 / 3 2.3 l 3.4 2.9 8 Do.. do Aug. 9,1940 July 22,1940 96 21.0 5. 5 61.1 f 2.7 l .8 } 3 i Conemaugh River, upper edge of Johnstown, Pa. AKiCo 113 60 25.0 7.0 83.8 } « 2.9 l . 5 Do do ___ July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 July 22,1940 75 23.5 6.6 77.2 •? } « } « I 4 2.8 Do do. 50 22.0 7.3 83.0 1 .4 / * .9 2.8 Conemaugh River above mouth of AKiCo 110 237 34.5 3.6 51.1 l .7 / 3 1.1 l 2.6 / »2.4 l 2.6 / »1.7 l 1.6 J 3 2.1 l 3.7 { 3 1.4 4.3 Stoney Creek. J Do do. July 30,1940 Aug.! 7,1940 July 22,1940 208 33.5 3.8 53.5 f 4 4.0 Do.. do__ 183 32.0 3.1 42.0 J } « } 4 4.1 Conemaugh River, railroad bridge below Johnstown, Pa. AKiCo 108 415 31.0 4.5 59.7 4.5 108 J Do.. do... 646 29.0 5.5 70.5 J 110 4.0 105 Do do.. Aug. 7,1940 July 23,1940 320 28.0 4.0 50.5 \ 2.2 J 3 2.3 l 4. S / 3 1.3 l 3.2 / 3 .6 l .8 } 4 3.9 175 Conemaugh River, bridge above Seward, Pa. AKiCo 101 360 27.5 4.0 50.1 J 1 ” 3.8 Do... do Aug. 1,1940 275 25.5 6.8 81.3 } 1 3.7 J Table A-7.—Allegheny River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 343 Do _ Aug. 5,1940 282 26.0 6.0 72.7 ( * 'I ) (') 3.6 Conemaugh River, bridge on route AKiCo 87 July 23.1940 570 27.5 7.0 87.7 \ .7 f * .7 I 9 3.7 3 25£, Bolivar, Pa. l -6 f Do do Aug. 1,1940 436 26.5 7.1 87.5 f « .9 1 0) 3 5 10 Do.. Aug. 5,1940 370 26.0 7.5 90.8 \ 1.1 ( ' J k ’ } (1) 3 3 5 Conemaugh River, upper edge of AKiCo 79.... Aug. 26,1940 383 18.5 8.1 86.0 l -8 / w } 9 3.1 Blairsville, Pa. l • Do.... Oct. 14,1940 243 15.0 8.3 81.6 f 1 •« \ (1) 3 5 Do do Nov. 19,1940 550 4.5 11.2 86.0 / *2.0 4 6 Conemaugh River, 500 yds. below AKiCo 76. Aug. 26,1940 388 18.5 7.8 82.3 \ 2.8 ’ ' 7 J v' } 9 3.1 bridge, Blairsville, Pa. • 7 Do Oct. 14,1940 245 15.5 8.4 83.6 / 1 -5 ) 1 3 5 Do do Nov. 19.1940 550 4.5 11.2 86.4 \ 1.0 j a 1.5 1 4 6 McGee Run, upper edge of Derry, AKiCoM 87 Sept. 6,1940 0) 13.0 9.6 90.1 \ 2.6 .3 (') 6.9 28 Pa. Do.... do Oct. 15,1940 (') 13.0 9.3 87. 5 2.3 9 7 2 McGee Run, mile below Derry, AKiCoM 84 Sept. 9,1940 1 17.5 4.7 49.2 14.0 24,000 7.2 18 72 115 Pa. Do Oct. 15,1940 2 15.0 4 2 41 4 33 1 24 000 15 87 100 South Branch Blacklick Creek, Yi AKiCoBISb 113... July 23,1940 25 22.5 5.9 67.1 I (*> 2.7 mile above Nanty Glo, Pa. l • o J v Do do_ Aug. 1,1940 2 13.0 14.2 134.4 / a .9 ) in 3 0 Do do Aug. 5,1940 2 14.0 7.6 72.9 l 1-9 f V \ 3 0 South Branch Blacklick Creek, l}i AKiCoBISb 110... July 23,1940 26 20.5 6.0 65.7 l o / * 1.4 1 w I (1) 2.6 miles below Nanty Glo, Pa. l l.t) J Do do Aug. 1,1940 21 17.0 6.3 64.8 / 2 -5 ]■ (0 2 fi Do... do Aug. 5,1940 22 18.5 6.4 67.7 l 4* 3 ( V? / w 2 0 South Branch Blacklick Creek, above AKiCoBISb 106... July 23,1940 27 22.5 7.8 89.7 1 1.1 { J 1 7 } (l) 2.4 4 Viiitondale, Pa. J Do do. Aug. 1,1940 20 18.0 8.6 90 0 { 2 -f } (1) 2 fi Do. do Aug. 5,1940 13 19. 5 8.1 87 9 / ’ -2 / U \ (1) 2 fi North Branch, Blacklick Creek, AKiCoBl 104 July 23, 1940 18 21.5 7.3 82.3 r a 1.7 } W 2.6 22 above town of Vintondale, Pa. l 1.8 Do do Aug. 1,1940 11 18.5 8.3 87 5 ( V? ] (1) 2 8 Do Aug. 5,1940 10 18.5 8.0 B/S 3 ‘ i i.i f a .1 \ fl\ 2.7 17 1 Less than 1. 11 .8 IJ '' * Seeded and neutralized. 344 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen blq. Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion oxygen demand, parts per million most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Blacklick Creek, below Vintondale, AKiCoBl 104 July 23,1940 45 22.0 7.0 79.5 f >1.8 l 1.2 / > .9 } « 2.5 18 Pa. Do do Aug. 1,1940 Aug. 5,1940 Sept. 10,1940 31 19.5 8.1 87.0 « <•> 2,400 2. 5 15 27 32 Do 31 19.0 7.4 79.1 l • 7 f > .4 2. 6 Dixon Run, mile below Dixonville, A K i C o B 1 T D 3 16.5 7.6 77.2 l .3 3.4 7.1 37 139 Pa. 105.5. Do do_ Oct. 24,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Sept. 10,1940 (») 4 10. 5 8.2 73.2 1.5 430 7.3 7.0 69 34 Do 5.5 11.0 87.3 1.8 230 Dixon Run at mouth, Clymer, Pa AKiCoBlTD 5 18.0 8.1 84.9 f > 5.4 \ 5.4 } 46 3.7 102. Do Oct. 24,1940 1 5 10.0 8.4 74. 4 } 1 } 2 3.3 4.3 7.1 10 18 408 258 Do. do Nov. 14,1940 Sept. 11,1940 5. 5 11.2 89.0 \ 2.8 / * -8 Marsh Run, at upper edge of Indiana, AKiCoBlW 95-.-- (0 10.5 . 7.9 70.2 1 1.9 2.4 i 240 69 Pa. Do Oct. 25,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Sept. 11,1940 (0 0) 8. 5 6. 7 57. 2 6. 4 150 7 7.3 7.0 7.0 85 46 54 Do 6.0 9. 2 74.0 1. 8 White Run, upper edge of Indiana, AKiCoBlW 95...- 0 12.0 8.7 80.3 1.1 21 10 73 Pa. Do Oct. 25,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Sept. 11,1940 0 8.5 5.0 12.5 7.8 10.0 7.0 66. 5 4 8 4 7.0 6.9 7.1 7 52 50 79 63 77 158 Do (1) 77.7 65.0 1.2 1.8 Marsh Run below mouth of White AKiCoBl 92 (>) 460 13 Run. Do Oct. 25,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Sept. 11,1940 (') (■) 19 8. 5 6 8 57. 5 1. 8 36 75 } « 7.3 7.2 3.1 7 93 75 287 144 Do 6. 5 8. 6 70. 0 2. 3 8 Two Lick Creek J4 mile above Homer AKiCoBIT 88 15.0 9.2 90.4 f > 1.0 \ 1.0 / 2 1.5 City, Pa. Do Oct. 25,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Sept. 11,1940 7 8. 5 9. 9 84.7 « 0) } 2 3.7 3.7 3.0 Do 31 5.5 11.7 92. 7 l 1.5 / * 1.1 Two Lick Creek Y\ mile below Homer AKiCoBIT 87 33 19.0 8.1 86.2 1 1.3 / *1.1 1 1.3 / * .9 t 1.0 / »1.1 City, Pa. i Do Oct. 25,1940 14 13.0 8. 7 82.5 1 2 3.3 3.8 Do... Nov. 14,1940 45 12.5 8.0 75.2 } 240 l 1.2 Table A-7.—Allegheny River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 345 Yellow Creek water plant below dam, AKiCoBl Y 88 Sept. 11,1940 13 27.5 6.8 85.4 / 8 -8 l 2.3 / * !" 3.3 22 240 Homer City. Pa. Do. Oct. 25,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Sept. 11,1940 Oct. 25,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Aug. 26,1940 6 29.5 18.5 17.0 6.1 8.6 8. 6 79.7 90.0 88.0 2 3.4 3.7 3.1 9 16 278 252 330 Do - - do 14 38 l 1.2 / » .9 / \ 1 Two Lick Creek at mouth, Josephine, AKiCoBIT 83 l 1.1 f » .7 1 1-4 / ‘J? } « } o } « } } 0) } « } « } « } w } « } (>) } « \ Pa. Do do 19 47 10.5 7.5 16.5 9.3 10.8 8.8 83.3 89.4 89.6 2.9 3.4 2.6 4 483 307 Do do \ 1.1 / 'A Blacklick Creek, upper edge of Black- AKiCoBl 81 .. 121 1 2.7 f J .8 1 .9 1 *4.0 lick, Pa. Do.. _ Oct. 14,1940 Nov. 19,1940 Aug. 26,1940 Oct. 14,1940 Nov. 19,1940 Aug. 26,1940 Oct. 14,1940 Nov. 19,1940 Sept. 9,1940 Oct. 15,1940 Sept. 9,1940 Oct. 15,1940 40 12. 5 9.1 12. 4 84.9 2.6 3.3 2. 7 Do. 155 .5 85.7 1 4.9 J * -4 Blacklick Creek, mile below Black- lick, Pa. Do AKiCoBl 81 124 16.5 8.9 90.4 l 1.0 U:J / 8 -4 7 426 462 246 356 374 166 295 374 do_ 40 12. 5 9.6 13.0 8. 4 89.0 91.2 89.1 2.4 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.9 2.9 2.9 7.3 9 120 5 Do.. do 160 1. 0 l 4.8 f * .7 Conemaugh River water plant intake above Saltsburg, Pa. Do AKiCo 58.... 507 18.5 \ 1.6 { 2 ■* 275 740 14.5 3.0 18.5 9.0 12.0 7. 9 87.2 88.9 83.5 l . 7 i 2 -i 6 65 8 Do.... do Mill Creek, at mouth, Ligonier, Pa.. Do AKiLoM 91 12 \ 1.8 9 do 3 14.0 18.0 8.1 8.9 77.8 93.1 / *}■« } « 4 Loyalhanna Creek, above all camps, AKiLo 91.5 26 l 1.9 .8 60 27 41 Ligonier, Pa. Loyalhanna Creek, above Ligonier, AKiLo 91.5 3 13.5 19.0 8.3 6.9 79.3 73.8 1. 8 4 7.3 4. 7 Pa. Loyalhanna Creek, % mile below Ligonier, Pa. Do Sept. 9,1940 Oct. 15,1940 Sept. 9,1940 Oct. 15.1940 41 8 / *1.2 1 9 AXV11A1 OiJ.U - ______ l 1.2 f » 1.2 / \ 2 3.3 10 232 Loyalhanna Creek, 1 mile above AKiLo 82.5 230 18.5 8. 5 89.7 l 1.7 „ 9 f 2 6.1 4.5 4.3 3.5 9 Latrobe, Pa. Do 14 15.0 16.5 9.0 8. 7 89.2 88.6 1 1 -4 } « } Saxman Run, upper edge of Braden- AKiLoS 85 Sept. 9,1940 Oct. 15,1940 1. 1 \ . 7 / 8 -6 8 ville, Pa. Do. 1 14.5 8.5 83.1 * Seeded l • 7 / *1.1 ) 3 1 Less than l 2.1 ind neutra / lized. 346 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probabie number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Saxman Run, mile below Braden- ville, Pa. Do - AKiLoS 84 Sept. 9,1940 Oct. 15,1940 1 16.5 8.7 88.4 J * .8 l 1.5 / 2 1.5 \ 3.5 / 2 1.3 1 3.1 } 9 4.2 18 246 do 1 14.5 8.5 82.7 I 2 3.6 8 305 Loyalhanna Creek, below Saxman Run, below Latrobe. Do AKiLo 78 Sept. 9,1940 Oct. 15,1940 Sept. 18,1940 Oct. 29,1940 Sept. 18,1940 Oct. 29,1940 Aug. 26,1940 Oct. 14,1940 Nov. 19,1940 Aug. 26,1940 Oct. 14,1940 234 18.5 5.3 56.4 } 110 3.5 100 do_ 15 15.0 1.8 17.7 J } W } m } 2 3.1 12 Crabtree Creek, upper edge of Crab- tree, Pa. Do AKiLoC 73 (l) 0) 12 12.5 9.5 88.5 4.0 do 8.0 10.1 85.0 l • 5 1 > 1.2 \ 1.4 r 2 .5 l 5.6 / 2 3.4 1 25.1 / 2 i.o l -9 *:! J 2 .6 l 3.6 4.2 Crabtree Creek, mile below Crab- tree, Pa. Do - AKiLoC 72 14.5 9.4 91.3 i } « } « } « } « } « } « } « } « I 24 2.6 135 1,264 1,174 do 13 11.5 5.4 49.3 3.1 15 Loyalhanna Creek, at mouth, Salts- burg, Pa. Do - 51 17.0 8.8 89.9 2.6 g 649 do 36 12.5 9.8 91.4 2.6 7 558 Do do 120 .5 13.1 90.7 3.3 125 276 Kiskiminetas River, 100 yards below sewer, Saltsburg. Do AKi 56.5 560 18.5 8.4 89.4 2.9 4 355 do 311 14.5 8.9 86.9 l .5 j 2 0 \ 4.6 f 2.8 l 2.1 / 2 1.4 l 1-4 / * 3.2 l 1.0 ::j 2.8 5 401 Do do__ Nov. 19,1940 860 1.0 13.0 91.0 3.3 40 203 AKiBlH 61 Aug. 26,1940 Oct. 14,1940 Nov. 19,1940 1 14.5 9.2 89.5 4.3 150 192 Do do (') 1 9.5 10.3 90.0 } m } w } } w [ 4 2.9 5 634 Do do 3.0 12.0 89.4 3.4 75 422 Kiskiminetas River, highway bridge above Avonmore, Pa. Do AKi 52.5 Aug. 29,1940 Sept. 30,1940 Nov. 29,1940 1,160 402 21.0 8.0 89.3 3.2 do 13.5 9.0 86.0 l .4 f 2 .5 l 1.4 f *1.1 1 1-1 3.0 Do do 1,620 .5 14.3 98.9 3.9 J Table A-7.—Allegheny River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 347 Kiskiminetas River, above Salina, Pa. Do AKi 50 Aug. 29,1940 Sept. 30,1940 Nov. 29,1940 Aug. 29,1940 Sept. 30,1940 Nov. 29,1940 Aug. 29,1940 Sept. 30,1940 Nov. 29,1940 Aug. 29,1940 Sept. 30,1940 Nov. 29,1940 Aug. 29,1940 Sept, 30,1940 Nov. 29,1940 Aug. 29,1940 Sept. 30,1940 Nov. 29,1940 Aug. 20,1940 Aug. 28,1940 Sept. 12,1940. Sept. 20,1940 Sept. 23,1940 Oct. 3,1940 Oct. 7,1940 1,180 403 1,680 1.170 403 1,700 1,180 423 1,910 1, 280 425 2,090 1,310 438 2,210 1,300 435 2.170 465 1,470 1,180 450 440 403 367 21.0 14.0 1.5 21.5 14.5 1.5 21.5 14.5 1.5 22.0 14.5 1.5 22.0 15.5 1.0 22.5 15.0 1.5 25.0 19.5 17.0 20.0 21.5 16.0 18.5 7.7 9.0 12.6 7.7 9.0 13.1 7.9 9.0 13.7 7.2 9.1 14.0 7.0 8.6 13.7 7.9 8.7 13.7 7.5 7.3 8.0 7.4 7.3 8.4 8.4 85.2 86.5 89.9 86.5 87.9 93.4 88.2 87.8 97.3 81.1 88.9 99.5 78.7 85.3 96.4 90.5 86.0 97.9 89.0 76.5 82.2 80.2 81.7 84.2 89.3 15 '.5 J >7 \ 2.6 / 2.4 l 1.2 J 2.4 \ 1.2 ( » 1.1 l 2.6 / 2.8 l 1.4 / 2.7 1 1.1 / 2.6 \ 2.6 / 2.8 1 1.8 f *1.4 \ 2.5 / 2.4 \ 2.0 r 2.6 l 2.1 f 2.4 1 1.3 / 2.5 1 2.1 1 -8 / *.6 \ 4.1 1.6 / *.8 t 1-2 / *1.1 l 1.3 / 2.5 i 1.7 f 2.7 l -9 f 2.9 1 2.8 1! } « } « } w } <‘> } - } <*> } « } } W }« } 21 } « } « 4 } W } 8 3 } « } « } « } « } w } « 3.0 2.8 3.5 3.0 2.9 3.7 2.9 2.9 3.7 2.9 2.8 3.7 3.0 2.9 4.1 3.1 3.0 3.9 7.4 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 do Do .* do__ Kiskiminetas River, H mile below Salina, Pa. Do AKi 49 ... do Do do__ Kiskiminetas River, above Apollo, Pa. Do AKi 45 Do do . ... Kiskiminetas River, above Vander- grift, Pa. Do AKi 40.5 Do Kiskiminetas River, near Brady Run, Leechburg, Pa. Do... AKi 36.5 13 10 38 349 360 170 Do... Kiskiminetas River, near Hyde Park, West Leechburg, Pa. Do_ AKi 34.5 . Do_. _ do Kiskiminetas River, at mouth, Free- port, Pa. Do AKi 31 10 10 5 7 6 5 7 45 98 324 270 301 329 356 315 do Do ...do Do .. do Do do Do. _ do Do 1 Less than" 1. 2 Seeded and neutralized. 348 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Kiskiminetas River, at mouth, Free- AKi 31 Oct. 16,1940 335 14.0 8.4 80.8 / *1.1 } w 2.8 6 386 port, Pa. l 4.1 Do do Oct. 21,1940 362 7.5 11.0 91.2 t 0) 2.8 5 428 Do _ __ do Oct. 31,1940 630 10.5 9.7 86.2 l 1.8 f * 1.4 } P) 3.0 5 403 Do do Nov. 6,1940 1,400 10.5 9.9 88.3 l 3.1 / * .9 } 1 3.5 g 22.5 Do - do Nov. 22,1940 1,120 7.5 10.9 91.0 \ 3.6 f * 1.2 J } p) 3.3 9 297 Do... do Nov. 25,1940 1,150 6.0 9.8 78.8 \ 3.0 / * .9 J v' } 1 3.3 6 282 Do do_ Dec. 6,1940 2,000 0 13.6 93.0 \ 1.9 i 1 -7 J j 1 3.6 5 175 Do do Dec. 11,1940 3,480 4.0 12.4 94.7 l 2.1 { 2 .5 } 1 3.6 6 198 Allegheny River, lock and dam No. A 24.2... Aug. 20,1940 2,340 25.5 7.1 85.1 l 2.3 { * 1 } W 4.3 4, Breckenridge, Pa. l .4 Do do__ Aug. 28,1940 4,170 21.0 8.3 92.3 i %{ J (*) 4.3 Do do Sept. 12,1940 5,760 19.5 8.5 91.6 l .3 .8 J v' P) 6.1 10 Do do Sept. 20,1940 2,970 19.5 8.2 88.8 .6 3 6.4 13 Do do Sept. 23,1940 2,550 20.5 7.8 85.4 1.1 24 6.4 14 Do do Oct. 3,1940 3, 470 16.5 9.2 92.9 .6 23 6.9 29 Do do Oct. 7,1940 3,050 17.0 9.2 94.4 .7 2 6.6 20 Do do... Oct. 16,1940 2,560 14.7 8.8 86.4 r *1.4 I P> 6.5 Do do Oct. 21,1940 2,560 11.5 9.1 83.2 l 1.2 <„ 5.7 Do do Oct. 31,1940 3,100 11.0 10.0 90.3 1 -7 .8 J v ’ 0) 6. 5 19 Do do._. Nov. 5,1940 9,000 11.0 10.5 95.0 1. 2 15 7.0 45 Do. do Nov. 22,1940 12,300 5.0 12.3 96.0 .9 9 6.9 31 Do do Nov. 25,1940 14,500 6.0 12.1 96.6 1.2 43 7.2 29 Do do Dec. 6,1940 14,500 .5 14.2 98.3 1.6 46 7.0 28 Do do Dec. 11,1940 34, 500 1.0 14.4 101. 5 2.4 46 6.9 22 Allegheny River, lock and dam No. A 17. Aug. 20,1940 2,360 28.0 6.8 76.8 I P) 4.4 3, Springdale, Pa. l .8 Do.... do Aug. 28,1940 4,210 24.5 7.9 94.0 } P) 4.3 Do... Sept. 5,1940 6,000 24.0 8.6 100.2 l .6 .8 J 240 6.7 24 Table A-7.—Allegheny River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 349 Do da. Sept. 12,1940 5,310 21.0 8.8 98.3 1.1 102 6.7 10 25 111 Do Sept. 20,1940 3; 200 22.0 8.4 95.1 .8 24 6.7 10 21 116 Do do.. Sept. 1940 3,110 23.0 8.0 92.5 1.3 93 6.7 12 16 120 Do... Oct. 3; 1940 4,000 19.0 9.0 96.6 1.2 460 6.9 8 34 110 Do.... do Oct. 17,1940 3,110 19.0 8.8 94.4 1.0 43 6.8 10 26 119 Do ■ Oct. 16,1940 2, 750 18.0 9.0 94.1 1.1 9 6.8 7 15 111 Do do Oct. 21,1940 2, 750 14.5 9.0 88 0 / *1.2 j 1 5.7 4 123 Do do 31,1940 3,110 14.0 10.0 96.6 l 1-2 1. 5 J 2 6. 5 6 14 131 Do do 5,1940 9; 200 10.5 11.2 99.9 1.7 43 6. 7 5 26 120 Do do. 22,1940 12, 500 6.5 12.4 100. 4 1. 2 46 6.8 10 26 91 Do do. 25,1940 15; 500 6.0 12.8 102.6 1.8 110 7. 2 12 31 82 Do.... do. Dec. 6,1940 15,100 1.0 14.2 99.8 1. 2 24 7.0 8 22 63 Do 11,1940 37, 500 1 0 14.6 103.8 1.5 * 46 6.9 12 21 64 Allegheny River lock and dam No. A 6.7 Aug. 20,1940 2,380 27.0 6.8 84.5 1.5 2,400 6.6 6 9 130 2, Pittsburgh, Pa. Do do Aug. 28,1940 4,240 24.0 8 1 94.6 } 36 4.4 3 Do do__ Sept. 5,1940 6,050 23.0 8.6 98.7 \ .5 1.3 1 460 6.5 7 12 130 Do do. Sept. 16,1940 2.700 20.0 8.6 93.3 1.0 460 6.7 14 Do do Sept. 25; 1940 3, 790 21.0 8.2 91.1 2.1 4^8 6.8 17 Do. do Oct. L 1940 3,240 16.0 9.1 91.7 1.2 43 6.8 33 Do do Oct. 9,1940 2,760 18.0 8.9 93.6 1.5 240 6.9 26 Do. Oct. 18| 1940 2.800 15.5 9.3 92.3 2.9 460 6.9 19 Do do Oct. 23; 1940 2,800 13.0 9.4 88.8 1.5 240 6.7 13 Do Nov. 1,1940 9,300 13.5 9.7 92.8 2.5 460 6.8 14 Do... do Nov. 6', 1940 8,660 10.5 12.0 107.0 1.8 37 7.0 24 Do 13,1940 9, 300 7.5 12.5 104.2 1.9 240 7.0 33 Do ___do__ 27,1940 15, 200 6.5 12.4 lOtt. 6 1.3 150 6.8 28 Do. do Dec. 4,1940 22,700 .5 15.9 110.0 2. 5 838 6.8 22 Do 10,1940 39,800 1.0 15.0 105.1 1.9 93 6.6 25 Allegheny River at mouth, Pitts- A 1.7 Sept. 16,1940 2,700 20.0 5.9 63.9 3.0 363 6.8 10 23 118 burgh, Pa. Do.... do.. Sept. 25,1940 3,790 21.5 2.0 22.7 5.8 2,400 6.8 8 21 123 Do do... 4,1940 3,240 18.0 3.1 32.1 5.4 930 6.7 12 40 102 Do do Oct. 9,1940 2,760 19.0 3.8 40.1 / 21.8 \ 240 4.7 10 112 Do do Oct. 18,1940 2,800 16.0 2.6 26.0 l 1.8 7.0 i 930 6.8 10 23 132 Allegheny River at mouth, Pitts- A 1.7 Oct. 23,1940 2,800 13.5 4.4 42.4 4.1 230 6.5 7 17 116 burgh, Pa. Do do__ Nov. 1,1940 9,300 13.5 5. 5 52.9 4.1 763 6.9 6 14 124 Do 6,1940 8, 660 10.5 10.9 97.4 2.1 230 6.9 6 18 130 Do do Nov. 13,1940 9,300 8.5 11.6 98.5 2.1 230 7.0 16 35 100 Do. do_. Nov. 27,1940 15; 200 6.0 13.5 108.3 2. 3 430 7.0 12 27 90 Do 4,1940 22,700 1.0 15.8 110.8 1.6 36 6.7 12 19 71 Do do Dec. 10,1940 39', 800 1.5 14.8 105.6 1.8 43 6.7 90 22 76 1 Less than 1. 2 Seeded and neutralized. 350 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Stream Sampling point Month 1940 Number samples pH Acidity, parts per million Iron, parts per million Methyl red Phenolphthalein Ferrous Total Hot Cold Elk Creek, mile 181 Above St. Marys, Pa., mile 193.5.. 1 3.1 118 236 188 6 60 October 1 3.1 198 322 278 9 80 November 1 3.1 428 486 472 15 100 Toby Creek, mile 172 __ Above Brockway, Pa., mile 184.5.. 1 3.2 98 118 102 1. 4 40 October 1 3.0 108 124 102 .7 60 November 1 3. 1 92 128 88 1.8 40 Below Brockway, Pa., mile 182.5.. September l 3.4 66 182 178 1.0 18 October 1 3.0 136 160 140 .3 25 November. 1 3.1 134 166 166 1.8 22 Mouth, mile 172. 1 3.2 114 234 188 4 October 1 3.0 244 284 256 .3 6 November 1 3.2 170 284 202 .5 12 Clarion River, mile 86.1 Portland Mills, Pa., mile 173 1 4. 7 32 56 48 .2 4 Soldiers Run, mile 129.. Above Reynoldsviile, Pa., mile do 2 3.0 295 379 358 3.0 108 132. Sugar Camp Run, mile 127 Sykesville, Pa., mile 127.5 ... . do 1 6.3 144 228 208 50 175 Stump Creek, mile 121 1 5.8 146 262 262 9 75 mile 124. Mahoning Creek, mile 56.2 Above Punxsutawnev, Pa., mile do 1 4.7 55 40 .2 2 113. Below Punxsutawnev, Pa., mile do_. 1 5.2 34 34 .4 4 109. Craig Run, mile 62.5. 1 3.1 197 355 317 6 0 57 62.5. ' October.. 1 2.8 253 382 312 13.5 44 1 3.3 292 44 88 Cowanshannock Creek, mile 48.5 Above Rural Valley, Pa., mile 63. September 1 2.9 300 377 367 8 57 October 1 2.8 354 489 434 20 125 1 3. 3 482 13 42 Below Yatesboro, Pa., mile 60 September 1 3.2 162 249 216 9 34 October 1 2.9 248 398 334 38 75 1 3.5 116 15 46 North branch Plum Creek, mile 73.. 1 3.2 64 84 75 2 October 1 2.9 104 158 136 1.3 8 1 4. 0 24 4 Below Sagamore, Pa., mile 77 September 1 3.2 102 138 129 6.5 18 October 1 3.6 87 205 172 35 42 November 1 3.9 67 16.5 24 Table A-7A.—Allegheny River Basin: Laboratory data—Acid stream results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 351 Couermugh River, mile 57 Above Lilly, Pa., mile 136.5 July 2 3.4 »45 i 108 67 1 5. 8 August 1 4. 1 26 67 45 2.4 Below Lilly, Pa., mile 135.5 July 2 3.0 112 178 345 l 8 2 11 August 1 3.0 106 12 Above Portage, Pa., mile 131 Julv 2 3.0 199 314 249 l 6. 2 33 August 1 3.0 328 2. 2 44 Trout Run, mile 130 Mouth, Portage, Pa., mile 129 2 2. 6 541 855 687 7 5 1.85 August i 2.7 7 240 Conemaugh River, mile 57.0_. Above Portage, Pa., mile 131 July 2 2.6 202 318 208 4. 4 32 August 1 2.7 236 2.3 30 Above South Fork, Pa., mile 123.. July... 2 2.9 272 411 355 i 77.5 J 120 August 1 2.9 182 11. 5 Below South Fork, Pa., mile 122.. July 2 2.8 230 347 285 1 22.4 42 August 1 3.0 299 1.8 37 South Fork Creek, mile 122 Above South Fork, Pa., mile 124 July 2 2. 8 406 650 545 55 153 August i 2.7 675 17 164 Shade Creek, mile 122 Below Central City, Pa., mile 134 Julv 2 4.4 9 22 20 3 0 August. 1 4.0 16 6. 6 Below Ritz, Pa., mile 132.. July 2 138 248 171 4. 4 35 August 1 290 4.6 48 Mouth. Seanor, Pa., mile 123 July. 2 3.1 50 85 72 11 August 1 2.8 151 14 Stony Creek, mile 109.5 . Stoyestown, Pa., mile 135.5... . August 1 3.6 27 3. 3 Above Hooversville, Pa., mile July 1 5.2 12 6 1. 8 131.5. August 1 3.5 35 2. 6 Below Hooversville, Pa., mile July 2 4.6 i 6 20 15 3. 5 129.5. August 1 3.3 67 2. 8 Quemahoning Creek, mile 125 Above Boswell, Pa., mile 133 July 2 3. 6 59 93 76 6 August 1 2.9 170 22 Below Boswell, Pa., mile 132 July 2 3.9 47 88 70 7 August 1 2.9 212 26 Stony Creek, mile 109.5 Above Holsopple, Pa., mile 124 July. 2 4 2 8 19 14 3 August 1 3.3 63 2. 6 Below Holsopple, Pa., mile 123 July 2 4. 4 7 18 15 2. 8 August 1 3. 4 58 2. 6 Paint Creek, mile 119 Above Windber, Pa., mile 125 . July... 2 3.6 44 75 59 2. 7 August 1 3.6 • 69 23 Mouth, Scalp Level, Pa., mile 119 July 2 2.8 222 340 286 15 38 August 1 2.9 365 7 64 Stony Creek, mile 109.5 Above mouth Paint Creek, Scalp Julv 2 3. 4 31 50 42 1 2.8 Level, Pa., mile 119. August 1 2.9 121 17 Above Fcrndale, Johnstown, Pa., July... 1 3.4 25 43 36 26 mile 113.5. August 2 2.8 191 15 Mouth, Johnstown, Pa.,milel09.5 July 2 3.0 78 114 84 i 1.8 66 August 1 2.9 167 50 Conemaugh River, mile 57.0 Above Johnstown, Pa., mile 113 July. 2 2.8 243 375 302 112.6 28 August 1 2.8 362 125 Above mouth Stony Creek, mile July... 2 4. 2 51 128 93 13.2 43 110. August .. 1 4.1 98 5 68 1 1 sample. 90035—44—pt. 2 14 352 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Stream Sampling point Month 1940 Number samples pH Acidity, parts per million Iron, parts per million Methyl red Phenolphthalein Ferrous Total Hot Cold Conemaugh River, mile 57.0 Below Johnstown, Pa., mile 108... July 2 4. 2 31 64 62 7 6 28 August 1 3.9 89 4.2 26 Above Seward, Pa., mile 101.. ... July 1 3.8 82 163 127 8 6 ID August 2 3.6 39 194 79 < 3.6 9 Bolivar, Pa., mile 87 July 1 3.7 57 120 96 2.5 August 2 3.4 1 39 a 77 72 4.4 Above Blairsville, Pa., mile 79 August 1 3.1 64 116 83 1.3 8 October 1 3.5 52 112 79 2. 8 November 1 4.6 48 7.8 12.0 Below Blairsville, Pa., mile 76 August 1 3.1 65 114 85 12 October. 1 3.5 63 no 72 .5 8.8 November 1 4.6 42 10.5 16.0 South Branch Blacklick Creek, Above Nanty Qlo, Pa., mile 113 July 1 2.7 550 652 122 mile 105. August .. 2 3.0 » 1, 400 1 3, 410 3, 295 1,275 1,600 Below Nanty Glo, Pa., mile 110 July.... 1 2.6 683 968 856 21.7 220 August 2 2.6 1 746 » 1,012 1,001 38 235 Above Vintondale, Pa., mile 106.. July 1 2.4 813 1,132 1,062 17.5 245 August 2 2.6 i 810 1 1,047 1,017 2.7 222 North Branch Blacklick Creek, Above Vintondale, Pa., mile 105 July 1 2.6 657 871 796 21 160 mile 105. August 2 i 2.8 1270 <377 418 <4.7 67 Blacklick Creek, mile 73.5 Below Vintondale, Pa., mile 104... July 1 2.5 702 916 806 9 152 August 2 2.6 1 432 <602 604 <8 102 Dixon Run, mile 102 Mouth, Clymer, Pa., mile 102 ... 1 3.7 33 68 48 6 25 October 1 3.3 126 248 175 23 24 November 1 4.3 52 14. 5 23 Two Lick Creek, mile 83 Above Homer City, Pa., mile 88.. September.. .. 1 3.1 112 148 131 1 October 1 3.7 98 197 127 5 November . 1 3.7 58 6 Below Homer City, Pa., mile 87. _ September 1 3.0 101 121 118 7 October 1 3.3 100 144 128 10 November 1 3.8 35 7 Yellow Creek, milo 88 Water plant, Homer City, Pa., September 1 3.3 102 125 114 12 mile 88. October. 1 3.4 60 99 74 3 November 1 3.7 29 12 Two Lick Creek, mile 83. Mouth, Josephine, Pa., mile 83 September 1 3.1 141 195 162 21 October 1 2.9 191 298 236 35 1 3.4 101 1 8 19 Blacklick Creek, mile 73.5. Above Blacklick, Pa., mile 82 August.. 1 2.6 395 559 458 . 8 no October 1 2.6 585 780 703 2.8 93 November 1 3.3 199 7.4 23 Table A-7A.—Allegheny River Basin: Laboratory data—Acid stream results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 353 August 1 2.7 422 572 511 1.6 115 October 1 2.4 612 788 739 2.0 98 1 3.2 208 8.0 23 Water plant, Saltsburg, Pa., mile 58. 1 2.9 146 219 174 22 1 2.8 176 242 205 26 1 3.9 69 6.4 20 September 1 2.9 87 124 101 13 1 2.9 210 294 255 2.6 35 1 4.7 3 9 14 3 October 1 3.3 90 148 122 3.4 16 1 4.5 12 25 27 20 3 Above Bradenville, Pa., mile 85... September 1 4.3 41 39 7 1 3.5 62 100 81 8 Below Bradenville, Pa., mile 84... 1 4.2 19 42 32 7 1 3.6 53 99 75 2.6 September 1 3.5 94 128 118 22 46 October 1 3.1 217 469 452 87.4 110 September 1 4.0 223 328 276 4 1 4.2 143 242 196 2 September 1 2.6 2,340 3,110 3,010 255 591 1 3.1 1,910 506 2,930 736 2,460 180 494 Mouth, Saltsburg, Pa., mile 58— August 1 2.6 612 175 1 2.6 494 608 571 79 1 3.3 197 28 38 Below Saltsburg, Pa., mile 56.5... 1 2.9 143 225 184 16 1 2.8 170 242 215 33 1 3.3 113 15.2 18 August 1 4.3 16 44 35 6 1 2.9 338 413 388 70 1 3.4 158 12 Above Avonmore, Pa., mile 52.5. . August 1 3.2 100 171 144 5.2 14 1 3.0 146 249 181 4.0 16 1 3.9 58 1.3 18 August 1 3.0 119 173 148 2.6 13 1 2.8 157 236 196 3.0 16 1 3.5 63 17 August 1 3.0 118 172 146 3.4 13 1 2.9 159 240 189 4.0 16 1 3.7 56 .7 19 1 2.9 119 167 151 2.6 18 - 1 2.9 163 226 189 2.5 16 1 3.7 67 2.6 IS Above Vandergrift, Pa., mile 40.5. 1 2.9 126 173 159 6.6 18 September. 1 2.8 158 230 190 .4 17 1 3.7 68 8.5 20 Leechburg, Pa., near Brady Run, mile 36.5. August 1 3.0 127 203 178 10.4 22 1 2.9 129 193 157 1.2 11 1 4.1 84 8.6 18 1 1 sample. a 3 samples. 354 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Stream Sampling point Month 1940 Number samples pH Acidity, parts per million Iron, parts per million Methyl red Phenolphthalein Ferrous Total . Hot Cold West Leechburg, Pa., Hyde August 1 3.1 122 197 176 12.4 22 Park, mile 34.5. September 1 3.0 128 199 160 12 November 1 3.9 82 13.0 21 Mouth, Freeport, Pa., mile 31 August 1 2.9 177 252 221 2.3 22 September 3 2.9 166 221 194 3 2.7 30 October 5 2.9 200 282 278 9.8 38 November 3 3.3 74 138 107 6.1 27 December 2 3.6 >43 >80 60 3.7 32 Lock and dam No. 4, mile 24.2 August 2 4.3 14 33 30 . 5 October 2 5.6 5 13 14 >6 7.5 Lock and dam No. 3, mile 17. August 2 4.4 10 29 20 . 5 1 5.7 3 10 12 .7 Lock and dam No. 2, mile 6.7 August 1 4.4 9 24 18 .2 Mouth, Pittsburgh, Pa., mile 1.7- October 1 4.7 4 10 11 2.4 11 sample. 3 2 samples. Table A-7A.—Allegheny River Basin: Laboratory data—Acid stream results—Continued MONONGAHELA RIVER BASIN 355 CONTENTS Contents 357 Syllabus and conclusions 359 Description 361 Presentation of field data 362 Presentation of laboratory data 366 Hydrometric data 369 Discussion 372 Page LIST OF TABLES Mo-1.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 361 Mo-2.—Surface water supplies 363 Mo-3.—Sources of pollution 364 Mo-4.—Industrial wastes 365 Mo-5.—Selected laboratory data 366 Mo-5a.—Selected laboratory data (chemical results) 368 Mo-6.—Monthly mean summer flows 370 Mo-7.—Summary of laboratory results 375 Mo-7a.—Summary of laboratory results on acid streams 402 LIST OF FIGURES Mo-1. Map—Sources of pollution 359 Mo-2. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 364 Mo-3. Map—Coliform results 368 Mo-4. Map—Dissolved oxygen results 368 Mo-5. Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results 368 Mo-5a. Map—pH results 368 Mo-6. Chart—Summer low-flow frequency curve 371 357 Fig. M o - I Population Equivalent (Face p.359) 6PO- 43 0 - 90035 LEGEND Areas of Circles Proportionol to Population Equivalent of Wastes As Discharged Radii Bafora Traatmant MONONGAHELA BASIN SOURCES OF POLLUTION Fig. Mo - I OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fi g , M o - I MONONGAHELA RIVER BASIN Syllabus and Conclusions SYLLABUS The Monongahela River drains about 7,380 square miles in Pennsyl- vania, West Virginia, and a small section of Maryland. The area is rugged and includes a number of large cities and an important coal mining industry. The main stream is extensively used for navigation. Flood-control reservoirs on Tygart (operated since 1938) and Youghio- gheny (under construction) Rivers are used also to increase minimum flows. The distinguishing characteristic of this basin is the high acidity of the streams due to coal mine drainage. Almost half of the basin’s total organic pollution load enters in the lower 15.6 miles. Surface water is used as a source of all major water supplies. The high acidity of the stream has served as a deterrent to the abatement of organic and bacterial pollution and the amount of sewage treated is negligible. With sewage treatment and no acid control, the streams would be suitable for only limited use. , Damage caused by mine drain- age is substantial and the demonstrated success of acid control at the mine by sealing has indicated a promising line of attack. Flow regu- lation is a valuable supplementary control measure. A mine sealing— flow regulation acid control program for the area above the Ohio-West Virginia-Pennsylvania line is summarized in the acid mine drainage section of the report. conclusions (1) Of 153 water supplies, 98, including all of the larger supplies, are from surface sources. Acidity from coal mine drainage presents corrosion and water treatment problems at the major supplies. (2) Sewage from 862,000 people, industrial waste equal to the sewage from an additional 426,000 people and 646,000 tons of mine acid per year or about 1,770 tons per day enter the streams of the basin. Of the combined organic pollution load, 49 percent enters the stream in the lower 15.6 miles below the Youghiogheny River. Municipal sewage treatment reduces the total pollution load from 1,288,500 to 1,254,700, about 2.6 percent. (3) Laboratory data indicate that the major problem is one of acid mine drainage rather than one of organic pollution. However, at the time of sampling, organic pollution appeared to be a factor at Clarksburg and Weston, W. Va., and Mt. Pleasant, Waynesburg, Jeannette (industrial waste) and Greensburg (one outlet), Pa. (4) The original acid load from mine drainage is estimated at 920,000 tons per year (to phenolphthalein hot) of which 274,000 tons per year or nearly 30 percent has been removed by sealing, leaving 646,000 tons per year. The acid concentration of 87.5 tons per square mile per year in this basin is greater than in any other major Ohio River tributary basin. 359 360 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL (5) A program for acid reduction involving mine sealing sup- plemented by flow regulation is outlined in the section of the report on Acid Mine Drainage. Expenditures to date for mine sealing in this basin are estimated at $1,820,000. The next step in the mine sealing program is completion of sealing of mining areas not con- nected to active ventilation systems at mines where sealing costs will not exceed $10 per ton of acid sealed per year. Estimated costs of this program total $1,600,000. (6) Acid conditions can be further improved and mine sealing supplemented by flow regulation from a storage of 370,000 acre-feet in the Monongahela Basin. (7) The free acid from waste pickle liquor from the steel industry exclusive of acid iron salts totals 28 tons per day or only 1.6 percent of the mine acid load. Iron salts increase the acid effect to some extent. Cost estimates include part-time treatment of these wastes and this expenditure will be justified after success is attained in reducing mine acid. (8) The problem of municipal sewage treatment at Pittsburgh is discussed in the section of the report on the main Ohio River. Low- flow regulation from reservoirs in the Monongahela River Basin will be of value in reducing treatment costs, notably at Pittsburgh and Cincinnati. (9) Justification for treatment and the degree of treatment of sewage and organic industrial waste in many cases is dependent upon the status of mine acid reduction measures. The situation varies with the degree of acidity of the stream and the amount of organic pollution discharged. At some places the need for waste treatment is urgent and at others the first expenditures of public funds can be made to best advantage toward furthering the acid reduction program. In general, cost estimates apply to a compre- hensive program that will be justified in parallel with extensive acid control measures. (10) In conjunction with an effective acid control program, pri- mary treatment is indicated at the cities along the Monongahela River to improve conditions at the sewer outfalls by eliminating floating matter and preventing sludge deposits, and to protect the many downstream public water supplies. In some instances the need is urgent regardless of acid control. (11) At Elkins, Clarksburg, and Meston, W. Va., acidity is low and secondary treatment appears justified regardless of the status of an acid control program. At Creensburg, Union town, and a number of additional smaller communities on highly acid streams, secondary treatment will ultimately be required but primary treat- ment, now installed at Uni onto wn, is all that is justified in the absence of acid control. (12) Cost estimates of remedial measures, exclusive of mine sealing and reservoir construction and exclusive of the Pittsburgh district are given in table Mo-1. These costs are based on treatment justi- fied with a parallel program of acid control. Lack of an acid control program will greatly limit possible stream restoration. Table Mo-1 is summarized as follows: 361 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Treatment Capital cost Annual cost $1,500,000 13,250,000 $115,000 1,455,000 Suggested additional Estimated additional costs, over existing charges, of programs involv- ing uniform treatment throughout the basin, are: Treatment Capital cost Annual cost $12,710,000 15,950,000 $1,385,000 1, 785,000 Table Mo-1.—Monongahela River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested minimum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital in- vestment Annual charges Pri- mary Sec- ondary Amortiza- tion and interest Opera- tion and main- tenance Total Existing sewage treatment Suggested minimum correction: Sewage treatment plants... Required interceptors Independent industrial 13 7 66,100 $1,500,000 $90,000 $25,000 $115,000 66 7 16 6 776,200 6, 270,000 5,870,000 1,110,000 440,000 275,000 150,000 270,000 320,000 710,000 275, 000 470, 000 Total 13, 250,000 12, 710, 000 15,950,000 13, 250,000 865,000 830,000 1, 055,000 865,000 590,000 555,000 730,000 590,000 1,455,000 1, 385,000 1,785,000 1,455,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment, all Secondary treatment, all As suggested Note.—Costs shown above do not include the cost of interceptors or treatment works for the city of Pitts- burgh or its suburbs whose wastes would probably be treated at a plant along the Ohio River. Description The Monongaliela River originates in northern West Virginia at the confluence of the Tygart and West Fork Rivers, and flows in a north- erly direction to Pittsburgh, Pa., where it joins the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River. The drainage basin comprises a total of 7,380 square miles, of which 57 percent is in West Virginia, 38 percent is in Pennsylvania, and 5 percent is in Maryland. The basin lies entirely in the Appalachian Plateau region and is characterized by rugged topography with narrow stream valleys several hundred feet below the level of the uplands. Most of the cities are in the valleys. Popula- tions exclusive of Pittsburgh proper but including the Monongaliela Basin portion of Allegheny County are as follows: 362 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Populations, 1940 Urban Rural Total State: 107,154 477,977 0 241,028 423,869 14, 646 348,182 901,846 14, 646 * Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Larger cities: 9,201 9,711 15,727 42, 694 18,924 13, 344 11, 775 (>) 27.869 17,851 19.011 46, 781 24, 403 15,692 18,179 (') 28,866 23,159 21,396 54,632 29, 639 19,544 20, 268 (') 30, 579 23,105 20,693 55. 355 29,853 21,819 20, 257 (') Total basin: 346,843 564,933 479,903 614,437 578, 209 646, 575 585,131 679, 543 Total . . . 911, 776 1,094,340 1,224, 784 1,264,674 Major tributaries Eiver mile Drainage area (square miles) 15.6 1,768 1,424 1,369 882 89.1 128 1 128.1 1 Not included. Resources.—Natural resources of the basin consist of tillable land, coal deposits, and water power. Industries.—Most important of the industries is the mining of coal, followed by the production of steel. Other industries include breweries distilleries, meat and dairy plants, and chemical works. Water uses.—The Monongahela is canalized for its entire length by 14 low-lift locks and dams which provide navigable depths of 8 feet throughout the lower 90 miles and 7 feet for the remaining 38 miles. This river is one of the most intensively used inland waterways in the world. Three artificial reservoirs are intensively used for recreation as are many clean streams in the eastern part of the basin. Two large hydroelectric projects, on tributary streams, have been constructed by private interests. Presentation of Field Data Figure Mo-2 shows graphically the main stream and tributaries, waterworks intakes, dams, all major sources of organic pollution, their magnitude and reduction by present treatment, and other pertinent information. This figure does not show pollution of inorganic origin OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 363 such as acid mine drainage, pickle liquor, or chemical wastes. Se- lected laboratory data on the main Monongahela and West Fork Rivers also are shown. Public water supplies.—Of 153 public water supplies, 5 are in Mary- land, 90 in Pennsylvania, and 58 in West Virginia. Table Mo-2 shows a total of 98 surface supplies serving 811,200 persons, 37 in Pennsyl- vania and 20 in West Virginia from streams below community sewer outfalls. There are 55 ground-water supplies serving 67,000 persons, indicating that surface sources are used as major supplies. The acidity of surface waters presents unusual problems in treatment and corrosiveness. On the main stream 20 surface supplies have an aver- age pH of 4.0 to 5.0 in the raw water. Table Mo-2.—Monongahela River Basin: Surface water supplies Supply State Source Mile i Treat- ment 1 Popula- tion served Consump- tion, million gallons per day Supplies below community sewer outfalls South Pittsburgh Water Pennsylvania Monongahela River. 4.0 LD 250,000 18.00 Co. do 10.5 LI) 18,300 1.30 do 16.6 LD 64,000 6.00 Youghiogheny Rivers. do 23.0 FD 30,000 2.60 do 42.5 FD 40,000 1. 51 do . . ...do. . ... 77.1 FD 15| 000 1.60 Morgantown West Virginia... Monongahela im- 103.0 FZD 30,000 1.25 pounded. Pennsylvania 61.5 FD 30,000 1.60 impounded. do._ 62.0 FI) 12,000 2.00 62.1 FD. 16,000 2.00 creeks.~ 128.4 FD 30,000 2. 29 150.0 FD 4,000 1.50 210.0 FD 8,500 1.14 Clarksburg _ do West Fork River 160.0 FZD.... 35,000 2.90 Various. 81,000 3.46 ___do 20,800 1.23 Total: 684, 300 50. 38 126,900 9.04 Total surface water supplies. 811,200 59.42 1 Miles above mouth of Monongahela River. 2 F=Coagulated, settled, filtered; L=Lime-soda softened; Z=* Zeolite softened; D = Chlorinated. Sewei age .—Of the 145 sewered communities in the basin, 13 have primary and 7 secondary treatment for their domestic sewage. Treat- ment serves only about 8 percent of the total sewered population and reduces the total organic pollution load about 2.6 percent. Table Mo-3 summarizes the sources of significant organic pollution including industrial wastes expressed as equivalent sewered population. 364 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Tablk Mo-3.—Monongahela River Basin: Sources of significant pollution, including industrial waste expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Miles above Sewered popula- Popula- tion con- nected to sewers tion equivalent (biochemical oxy- Municipality State Receiving stream mouth of Mo- Treat- ment gen demand) nonga- hela Un- Dis- treated charged Pennsylvania. do Monongahela River. do 0-10 319,500 None 458, 500 32,600 458,500 32, 600 Braddocb 2 10.5 32,600 --.do Duquesne 2. do_ do 12.0 21,100 ...do 21,100 21,100 McKeesport Qlassport do 14. 2 55,000 _--do 61, 700 8,700 61, 700 8, 700 do do 18 8,700 ...do 20 16.000 __-do 156, 000 7,800 156,000 7,800 Monongahela City. do do - 31.9 7,800 -..do Donora do do 36.4 13,000 -_.do 13,000 13,000 Monessen do do 40.0 18, 000 ...do 18,000 18,000 42 10, 500 _--do 10, 500 10, 500 56 7,000 ...do 7,000 7,000 3,000 16,100 27,500 17,300 79.1 3,000 -_-do 3,000 West Virginia 100.9 16,100 -_-do 16,100 27, 500 17, 300 126. 7 20,000 -__do East Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, Turtle Creek 12.0 17.300 ...do do 12. 5 9, 600 __-do 9, 600 9.600 5, 500 6,100 3.600 14.0 5, 500 ___do 5, 500 6,100 do 15.5 6,100 -__do Trafford do — do 16.5 3,600 -_do 3,600 24.0 3, 400 -_-do 3,400 14,500 3,600 3,400 2,200 3,600 29 14, 500 Secondary None Youghiogheny River. 16.6 3,600 60 12,900 _--do 14,300 3,100 3,000 14,300 3,100 Ruffsdale do Sewickley Creek-- 49 0 -..do 65 3,000 ...do 3,000 burg. 56 Greensburg do.. do.- 16,000 ...do 16,400 16,400 54 6, 300 -—do 6,300 6, 300 5, 600 Mount Pleasant do do 60 5,000 -—do 5. 600 Somerset., do.. Casselman River.- 118 5,400 Primary. 11,100 9, 400 23.5 0 None 90,000 27,000 90,000 Uniontown do Redstone Creek, _ 73 25, 000 Primary. 17, 500 Waynesburg do Ten Mile Creek... 85 4,500 -_-do 4,500 2,900 West Virginia do.. 167.5 2,000 None 12,900 12, 900 Mannington Buffalo Creek 142 3,100 ...do 3,100 3,100 Grafton.. Tygart River 150 3,800 .. do 3,800 3,800 Elkins 209 8, 100 ---do 23,100 4,300 23,100 4,300 Buckhannon - do Buckhannon 205 4, 300 -_-do River. 158.8 29,000 Clarksburg.. do West Fork River- ...do 29,000 29, 000 194 5,000 ...do 5,000 120,900 5,000 93,000 Smaller sources 116,900 Various., (108)2. Total: 727,800 \ 120,300 165,200 1,089,900 161,800 3,000 131,400 3.000 3,000 862, 200 1, 288,500 1, 254,700 i Pollution loads from Pittsburgh and suburbs are distributed to Allegheny and Monongahela Basin3 and Main Ohio River as follows: Municipality State Receiving stream Miles above mouth of Mo- nonga- hela Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treat- ment Sewered popula- tion equivalent (biochemical oxy- gen demand) Un- treated Dis- charged Pittsburgh and suburbs. f Pennsyl- vania. j ..do l..do Allegheny River.. Monongahela River. 0-8 320,500 319, 500 261,700 None— ___do _._do 597,200 458,500 278,600 597, 200 458, 500 278,600 0-10 0-4 (below) 901, 700 1,334,300 1,334,300 * Includes waste from adjoining communities tnat reacnes same outfall sewers. * Excluding places of under 500 population or equivalent. FIG.Mo-E SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT B.O.D. IN THOUSANDS SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT B . 0 . D. I N TH0USANDS o Coliforms M.PN. per ml. MONONGAHELA RIVER SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND SELECTED -LABORATORY DATA LEGEND Navigation Oam R***rvoir Dam -Inaical** Pollution ramOv*0 by Traatmant Wottr Supply Intuit* Ov*r 1.0 M.G.O. Wotar Supply Intak* Untfur 1.0 M.e.p. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 (Face p.364) GPO-43 0 -90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 365 Industrial 'wastes.—Table Mo-4 summarizes pertinent information on waste-producing industries in the basin. The coke byproduct industry produces by far the largest organic pollution load. Distilling and brewing also produce significant organic waste loads. About one-third of the industries discharge all or part of their industrial waste to city sewer systems. Only one industrial waste receives treatment at a municipal treatment plant. Twenty-six industrial plants have taken at least minor corrective measures to reduce pollution, 20 of these being of an important and effective nature. Table Mo-4.—Monongahela River Basin: Summary of industrial wastes not discharging to municipal treatment plants with total of entire industrial waste load in the basin Number of plants Industrial waste disposal At least minor cor- Estimated sewered population equivalent (biochemi- cal oxygen demand Industry Munic- ipal sewers Private outlet reetive measures taken 5 4 1 0 2 49,100 240,000 3 0 3 3 s 0 0 3 o 3 2 94,000 6,100 3,300 6 4 2 4 Milk 5 3 2 2 26 4 22 12 2 0 2 2 25,000 1,000 5,800 2 0 2 0 Miscellaneous 31 6 25 2 Wastes unconnected municipal treatment.. 86 21 65 26 424, 300 2,000 426,300 By States: 0 392, 500 33,800 Metal industries are important chiefly because of pickle liquor dis- charges. In the Monongahela River Basin, free acid discharge from this source is estimated at 57,000 pounds or over 28 tons per day. This is only 1.6 percent of the mine acid load. Acid iron salts, having an acid effect, are not included in this figure and the comparison, al- though the best that can be made from the data available, involves acid figures which are not strictly comparable. However, it is ap- parent that acid mine drainage is by far the more important problem. Mine drainage.—Mid mine drainage discharge in this basin has the greatest intensity in annual tons per square mile of all the major tributary basins of the Ohio River. Estimated acid loads as presented in the acid mine drainage section of the Ohio River Pollution Survey Report are as follows: 366 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Description Monongahela River except Youghiogheny Youghiogheny River only Total, Monon- gahela River Original acid load: Tons per year (to phenolphthalein—hot) 438, 274 39,064 223, 634 141, 735 25, 609 52, 340 580,009 64,673 275,974 Abandoned mines 700,972 124.1 380,026 251, 900 219, 684 126.8 29, 270 22, 742 920,656 124.7 409, 296 274, 642 Sealed mines 449,072 79.5 115, 630 196,942 113.7 83,050 646,014 87 198,680 Additional removal1 Future residualJ 333,442 59.0 113,892 65.8 447,334 60.6 1 Economical to remove in addition by sealing under 1940 restrictions with a cost limitation of $10 per ton of acid per year and sealing only in areas not connected to active ventilation systems. 2 Capable of further reduction (possibly an additional 50 percent) by extended program. Presentation of Laboratory Data Complete summaries of routine laboratory results for the Monon- galiela River Basin are presented in table Mo-7 (p. 375). Summaries of special acid and chemical determinations are shown in table Mo-7A. (p. 402). These data were obtained in part from operations of mobile laboratories connected with the present survey and in part from the West Virginia State Water Commission. Observations were carried out during the period May to December 1940. Selected average analytical results at some of the principal points in the basin are tabulated with stream flows on sampling days and with the minimum flows of record in table Mo-5. Selected results have been chosen for low dissolved oxygen, high coliform or low pH findings and, in general, represent the most unfavorable conditions during the sampling period. Selected average acid and chemical results are presented in table Mo-5A. Table Mo-5.—Monongahela River Basin: Selected Laboratory Data Eiver Location River miles above mouth of Monongahela. Period, 1940 Monon- gahela Mouth, Pitts- burgh 0.05 Septem- ber Monon- gahela Dam No. 2, Pitts- burgh 11.2 August Monon- gahela Above Youghiog- heny 16.4 August- Septem- ber Monon- gahela Dam No. 3, McKees- port 23.8 Septem- ber Monon- gahela Dam No. 4, Char- leroi 41.5 August Monon- gahela Dam No. 5, Browns- ville 56.5 August Monon- gahela Dam No. 6 68.3 Septem- ber Number of samples 2 2 4 1 2 2 4 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 2,140 398 3,200 1,600 • 249 2,100 1,340 1,170 1,570 Water temperature °C 22 22 23.8 22 24.2 24.3 21.1 Cc-liforms per milliliter_. 27 23 1 (0 1 3 (>) Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 3.0 5.7 5.0 8.1 7.8 7.6 8.0 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 2.1 .7 .8 .9 .9 .5 .8 pH 4.7 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.3 3.6 3.6 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 367 Table Mo-5.—Monongahela River Basin: Selected Laboratory Data—Continued River - Location River miles above mouth of Monongahela. Period, 1940 Monon- gahela Dam No. 7 84.8 Septem- ber Monon- gahela Dam No. 8, Port Marion 90 May Monon- gahela Star City 97.7 June Monon- gahela Morgan- town, W. Va. 100.9 June Monon- gahela Lock No. 11, Morgan- town 104.1 June Monon- gahela Below Fair- mont 124.2 June Monon- gahela Fair- mont 126.7 June Number of samples Plow in cubic feet per second: 4 1 4 4 4 3 3 Sampling days 1,090 38,000 6,750 6,700 6,600 43 4, 230 1,787 Water temperature °C._ 21.6 16.0 22.7 22.5 22.7 23.0 23.0 Coliforms per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per (>) 8 25 6 10 34 38 million Biochemical oxygen demand, 8.2 9.6 8.0 7.8 8.0 7.0 7.3 5-day, parts per million 1.0 .8 .2 1.2 .8 .4 .7 pH - 3.4 5.0 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.5 4.6 River Location .. River miles above— Confluence with Monon- gahela. Mouth of Monongahela Period, 1940 Youghiog- heny Near mouth 0.7 16.3 August Youghiog- heny Below Connells- ville 31.4 57 August Youghiog- heny Below Conflu- ence 68.9 84.5 July Youghiog- heny Below Oakland 111.9 127.5 June Cassel- man Near mouth 71.4 87 July Cassel- man Above Meyers- dale 100.4 116 July Cheat Near mouth 0.9 90 June Number of samples 2 1 3 3 3 3 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days .. Minimum month 1,810 113 2,490 640 299 219 72 13,400 Water temperature °C ... 21.8 19.5 23.8 18.0 22.2 20.5' 19.3 Coliforms per milliliter.. 5 2,400 21 48 4 38 11 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 6.7 8.4 7.9 8.2 8.2 7.6 8.6 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 1.2 2.0 .6 .7 .5 1.3 1.0 pH 3.5 6.7 5.1 5.0 3.8 3.6 5.5 River Location River miles above— Confluence with Monon- gahela Mouth of Monongahela Period, 1940 Cheat Below Holly Meadows 76.4 165.5 June Tygart Near Mouth 3.9 132 June Tygart Below Grafton 18.6 146.7 June Tygart Below Elkins 77.4 205.5 July Near mouth 0.9 129 June West Fork Below Clarks- burg 29.9 158 June Above Weston 66.9 195 June Number of samples . 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 2,890 5,220 5,210 472 979 1,057 116 Water temperature °C 16.7 19.8 19.5 18.8 24.0 23.0 21.7 C oliforms per milliliter. 20 23 30 825 12 881 49 Dissolved oxygen parts per million 8.6 9.0 9.6 7.3 6.9 6.9 7.7 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day parts per million .5 .5 .6 1.6 .7 4.4 .6 pH 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.9 3.8 6.7 7.1 1 Less than 1. 90035—44—pt. 2 15 368 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Mo-5A.—Monongahela River Basin: Selected laboratory chemical data River Location River miles above mouth of Monongahela. Period, 1940 - Monon- gahela Mouth 0.05 October Monon- gahela Above Youghio- gheny 16.4 August- Septem- ber Monon- gahela Lock No. 4 41.5 October Monon- gahela Lock No. 6 68.3 Septem- ber Monon- gahela Lock No. 8 90.6 Novem- ber Monon- gahela Lock No. 11 104.1 June Monon- gahela Below Fair- mont 124.2 June Number of samples 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 Plow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 2,710 1,600 1,920 1,570 3,070 6,660 4,230 398 249 43 1(1270) 1(899) 1(713) pH 3.7 4.0 3.6 3.4 4.3 4.8 4.5 Acidity, parts per million: Methyl red ------ 26 16 22 34 7 9 14 Phenolphthalein (hot) 43 37 35 45 15 19 20 Iron, total, parts per million— 6.0 3.2 1. 5 1. 5 1.7 1.3 1.6 River Youghio- Youghio- Cassel- Cheat Black- West West gheny gheny man water Pork Fork Location Mouth Below Mouth Mouth Mouth Mouth Above Oakland, Zeising, River miles above— Md. W. Va. Mouth of Monongahela 16.3 127.5 87 90 172 129 149.8 Confluence with Monon- .7 111.9 71.4 .9 82.9 .9 21. 7 Period, 1940 October June July June June June July Number of samples 4 2 2 2 2 3 2 Plow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 627 382 385 2,475 625 936 469 113 pH 3.6 5.3 3.9 5.0 4.8 3.9 5.2 Acidity, parts per million: 45 15 16 11 25 17 Phenolphthalein (hot) 76 14 28 32 22 46 41 Iron, total, parts per million... 6.0 4.3 1. 2 1.7 3.9 1.4 3.7 1 After Tygart Dam installed. Figures Mo-3, Mo-4, Mo-5, and Mo-5A show graphically the con- centration of coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen, oxygen demand, and pH, respectively, at various sampling points throughout the watershed. These data are presented as averages of all the results where the sampling period was less than a month and as the most unfavorable monthly averages where observations extended over more than 1 month. Stream discharges on the Monongahela varied from 62,000 second- feet in May to 830 second-feet in August at mile 85. During the May-July period, flows in the West Fork River at Clarksburg were 800 to 1,000 second-feet and the Tygart River discharges during the sampling period in June at Grafton were about 5,000 second-feet. Discharges from August to December were generally in the normal low-water ranges. It appears, from an examination of the laboratory data, that the main problem in the Monongahela Basin is one of acid mine drainage rather than one of organic pollution. Organic pollution appeared to be a factor at Jeannette, Greensburg, Mount Pleasant, and Waynes- burg, Pa., and East Salem, Clarksburg and Weston, W. Va. Of these, Waynesburg has a sewage-treatment plant under construction. The Cheat and Tygart Rivers were in generally good sanitary condi- tion during the sampling period. Fig.Mo-3 (Face p.368) No. 1 6PO- 43 0 - 90035 LEGEND Average Coliform Results at Sampling Stations _ , Most proboble S»m,>o1 number per ml Under 25 26- 50 5 I -100 101-200 Over 200 MONONGAHELA BASIN COLIFORM RESULTS Fig. Mo-3 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 (Face p.368) No. 2 GPO -43 0 - 90035 LEGEND Average Dissolved Oxygen Results at' Sampling Stations. Symbol Dissolved Oxygen p.p.m Over 6 5 5.1 to 6.5 3.1 to 5.0 O.l to 3.0 0.0 MONONGAHELA BASIN DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS Fi g Mo-4 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig .Mo-4 (Face p.308) No. 3 GPO- 43 0 -90035 Fig. Mo-5 Acid Stream Samples ('Neutralized Seeded) LEGEND Average B. 0. D. Results at Sampling Stations p. p.m. 0.0 *o 3.0 3.1 to 5.0 Ovir 5.0 Symbol (Normal Samples) MONONGAHELA BASIN BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND Fig. Mo-5 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig. Mo-5a (Face p.368) No. 4 6PO-43 0 -90035 LEGEND Average pH. Results at Sampling Stations Symbol pH. Over 8.5 6.6 to 8.5 4.0 to 6.5 under 4.0 MONONGAHELA BASIN pH. RESULTS o in i o 5 ? Li_ OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION" CONTROL 369 As indicated by bacteriological findings, about 71 percent of the sampling stations above towns on normal streams (85 percent on acid streams) showed coliform organism concentrations of less than 200 per milliliter. The effect of acid stream conditions, as compared to normal stream conditions was, in general, to reduce the coliform counts. The dissolved oxygen results show quite general average concentra- tions of 6.5 parts per million or more and 78 percent of all stations in the basin fall into this group. Oxygen depletion was observed only below Jeannette, Pa., in October and near depletion below Waynes- burg, Pa., in August. pH values were above 7.0 at both points. Over 70 percent of all stations had average oxygen demands of less than 3.0 parts per million under the most unfavorable conditions observed. About 25 percent of all stations sampled had oxygen demands in excess of 5.0 parts per million. Because of the effect of acid on normal biochemical oxidation, the biochemical oxygen demand tests on acid stream samples were carried out in duplicate; one portion being incubated in the acid state as collected and the other being incubated after neutralization with sodium hydroxide and seeding with filtered sewage. In general, the results of the two por- tions were either of the same order of magnitude or the acid portion showed a higher biochemical oxygen demand, in a few cases a great deal higher, than the neutralized portion. Ferrous iron may exert a chemical demand to further complicate interpretation. The results of acid stream examinations on table Mo-7A show pH values ranging from 2.8 to 6.9, acidities from nearly zero to about 5,000 parts per million, and total iron from less than 1.0 parts per million to over 2,000 parts per million. The presence of acid wastes makes the interpretation of much of the sanitary data gathered along the Monongahela Basin somewhat difficult and complicates the evaluation of the effects of the self- purification process. There was a general tendency for the acidity to decrease with increased stream discharge. This appeared to be the case both on the larger and the smaller streams. Increased stream discharges also tended to increase the coliform and dissolved oxygen concentrations and to decrease the oxygen demands in the smaller streams but apparently had little effect, so far as these factors are concerned, on the larger streams in the discharge ranges observed. Biological Summary.—The acid condition of the main stream of the Monongahela renders it nearly devoid of plankton or fish life, except where clean tributaries join the main stream. The tributaries, Ten Mile Creek and Pigeon Creek, support a fair plankton and fish popu- lation. Hydrometric Data Twenty-two stream gaging stations with records of consequence have been maintained in the Monongahela River Basin at various times, of which 19 are currently in operation. Table Mo-6 shows monthly mean summer flows at 8 stations for 3 dry summers during the period of record. Flows on the Monongahela River and the lower Tygart River have been affected by Tygart Reservoir, com- pleted in 1938. Figure Mo-6 indicates that the frequency with which minimum monthly mean summer flows have occurred and would have occurred with regulation by Tygart and Youghiogheny Reser- voirs are as follows: 370 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Regulation status Minimum monthly mean summer flows in cubic feet per second that may be expected once in— 2 years 5 years 10 years Minimum Youghiogheny River at Connellsville, Pa.: 480 1,340 3,150 3, 550 270 990 1,300 1,550 180 800 750 950 85 600 250 400 Regulated by Youghiogheny Dam Monongahela Kiver at Charleroi, Pa.: Regulated by Tygart Dam„ Table Mo-6.—Monongahela River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which loio summer flows have occurred Monon- gahela Charleroi, Pa. Turtle Creek Traiford, Pa. 5.5 16.5 54.8 1916-39 Youghio- gheny Connells- ville, Pa. 44.4 60 1,326 1909-39 Cheat Parsons, W. Va. 78.4 167.5 719 1913-39 River miles above— 42 5,213 1933-39 1936 1932 1939 1930 June cubic feet per second.. July do August do September ..do Year 1,345 1,337 2,172 911 3.59 2. 37 .96 1.56 1,974 1,571 285 i 85.2 573 89.3 34.9 i 23.3 1934 1930 1910 1932 June. cubic feet per second.. July do August ..do September ..do Year 1,009 4,296 1,501 i 475 48.9 4. 37 .95 1.22 5,229 575 100 218 496 1,560 376 87.9 1939 » 1922 1914 1936 June.. cubic feet per second.. July do August do 7,488 7,471 2,280 25.3 68.8 2.49 1, 230 536 323 305 1,340 475 River Location River miles above— Confluence with Monongahela Mouth of Monongahela - Drainage area, square miles Period of record... Cheat Pisgah, W. Va. 18 107.1 1,360 1928-39 West Fork Enterprise, W. Va. 13.0 141.1 759 1907-16 1933-39 West Fork Clarksburg, W. Va. 30.7 158.8 384 1923-39 Tygart Belington, W. Va. 61.9 190 408 1907-39 Year 1930 1908 1930 1930 June.. ...cubic feet per second.. 1,440 157 15.6 151 July 251 162 5.24 21 August 74.4 103 4. 95 2. 5 September 1 43.4 1 19.8 4.35 1.65 Year 1932 1910 1932 1932 June . 665 798 16.9 205 July 1,960 342 176 812 August.. 544 25.4 57.8 160 September.. 115 454 1 3.89 12.9 Year 1936 1936 1936 1908 June ...cubic feet per second.. 484 30.7 7.48 388 July 1,930 254 73.5 391 August 784 136 107 83.8 September 221 38.5 26.2 17.2 i Minimum month. ! Regulated by Tygart Reservoir. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL F i g. Mo-6 FIGURE MO-6 SUMMER LOW FLOW FREQUENCY CURVE YOUGHIOGHENY RIVER AT CONNELLSVILLE, PA. MONONGAHELA RIVER AT CHARLEROI, PA. 1917 TO 1940 INCL. Percent of Years Minimum Monthly Mean Discharge Equaled or Exceeded (Only June-July-august-September considered) Monthly Mean Discharge in c. f. s. YOUGHIOGHENY RIVER U.S.E.D.-O.R.D. 372 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Low-flow regulation.—There are two private reservoirs of conse- quence on the basin used for power. Lake Lynn on the Cheat River below the proposed Cheat River Reservoir has a capacity of 72,300 acre-feet. Deep Creek Reservoir on a headwater stream of the You- ghiogheny River has a capacity of 106,000 acre-feet. Both of these reservoirs are operated to produce peak-load power and are of limited benefit to the pollution problem. The normal fluctuating flows below peak-power reservoirs are undesirable from a standpoint of pollution abatement. The following reservoirs in the basin have been built, are under construction, or have been studied by the United States Engineer Department in connection with the authorized program for Ohio River flood control: Reservoir Stream Status Storage (acre- feet) Tygart River Completed 278,800 249,000 890,000 61,200 101,500 114,500" Youghiogheny Cheat River. Youghiogheny River Under construction... Proposed West Fork above— Clarksburg. _ Brownsville Elk Creek .. The Tygart Reservoir is being operated to provide low-flow control and the Youghiogheny Reservoir will be so operated. The major value to pollution abatement of these reservoirs and of the proposed reservoirs is in supplementing mine sealing for the control of acidity. The value of such flow regulation is discussed in the section of the report on Acid Mine Drainage. In addition, they could aid in abating pollution in the Ohio River below Pittsburgh due to sewage and other organic wastes. Except for the reservoirs on the West Fork and Elk Creek above Clarksburg, flow augmentation by the proposed projects would have no appreciable tangible value for the abatement of organic pollution within the Monongahela River Basin. The West Fork Res- ervoir could also be of value in insuring the adequacy of Clarksburg’s public water supply, which suffered a serious shortage in 1930. The major problem in this basin is the control of acidity from acid mine drainage which enters the streams. The demonstrated success of acid control at the mine by sealing has indicated a promising line of attack on the mine-acid problem. In addition, flow regulation is a valuable supplementary control measure. A discussion of this prob- lem, concluding with the presentation of a mine sealing—flow regula- tion acid control program for the area above the Ohio-West Virginia- Pennsylvania line, will be found in the acid mine drainage section of the report. Stream restoration requires control of all types of pollution and up to the present time uncorrected acid mine pollution has served as a deterrent to organic pollution abatement. The germicidal and chem- ical coagulating action of the acid and iron salts may greatly reduce acute odor and nuisance conditions during normal times, and this Discussion OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 373 point has been the subject of considerable discussion. However, sludge deposits, visual nuisance from floating sewage materials, and odors are present at and below sewer outlets. Water supplies from the river below have no dependable safeguard because of fluctuations in acidity and the possible sudden elimination of nearly all acid during high flows. Damages from acid conditions in the upper Ohio Basin are estimated at over $2,000,000 per year, excluding unevaluated and intangible damages believed at least to equal the tangible damages. In considering stream restoration in mine acid areas, mine acid con- trol and organic pollution abatement should be carried on as parallel programs. Both measures are necessary if complete restoration is to be obtained. A single measure may be amply justified in individual cases but maximum benefits are possible only when the two programs are carried on in parallel. The suggested program of sewage and in- dustrial waste treatment outlined herein will be fully justified only in conjunction with a comprehensive acid-reduction program. PITTSBURGH AND VICINITY At present, nearly all of the sanitary sewage and industrial wastes from Pittsburgh and vicinity are discharged directly into the creeks and rivers, causing unsightly and malodorous conditions along all water fronts. This area receives the largest pollution load in the basin, aggregating a total of about 460,000 sewered population equiv- alent. The Pittsburgh problem is discussed and cost estimates are included under the main Ohio River. Effective chemical treatment at a site or sites, chiefly on the Ohio River, appears feasible, or primary treatment, plus maintenance of increased summer flow below Pitts- burgh, offers a promising alternate solution. YOUGHIOGHENY RIVER This stream receives a total pollution load of 106,000 sewered popu- lation equivalent. Of the five treatment plants, the largest is at Somerset, Pa., and serves 5,400 persons. Laboratory findings show low coliform, biochemical oxygen demand, and pH results while the dissolved oxygen results are fairly high. The largest sources of pollu- tion are at Greensburg, Connellsville, and Somerset, Pa. Primary treatment should be adequate at Greensburg and at other communities on highly acid streams, pending rather complete acid control. With such control, secondary treatment will be required at Greensburg and at smaller communities located on headwater streams, subject to zero or near-zero flow. MAIN MONONGAHELA RIVER (EXCEPT PITTSBURGH) McKeesport, Clairton, Belle Vernon, Charleroi, Morgantown, and Fairmont are the more important cities located on the main stream. None of these places have waste-treatment plants. Industrial wastes are of minor importance except at Clairton and vicinity where there is an industrial waste concentration. Union town, located on Redstone Creek, has primary treatment of domestic sewage for 25,000 persons and for equivalent industrial waste of 2,000. This is the largest treatment plant in the basin. The treat- ment is adequate at the present time but, should acid in Redstone 374 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Creek be controlled, supplementary secondary treatment facilities would be required. Jeannette, Pa., on Turtle Creek, has secondary treatment which has been unable to handle all industrial wastes. Pretreatment of these wastes with discharge to the municipal treatment plant is re- quired if full corrective benefits are to be obtained. Although the laboratory findings indicated generally acceptable conditions at the time of sampling, except for acidity on the main Monongahela River, sewage treatment should be installed to improve conditions at the sewer outfalls, eliminate floating materials, prevent sludge deposits and protect the many water plants located short dis- tances downstream. Primary treatment should be adequate. Al- though there has already been considerable activity toward correcting industrial waste pollution in the Clairton area, certain minor additional steps are indicated and continued effort toward reducing this pollution is justified. This stream is generally in good sanitary condition and shows little acidity. Recreational use of the stream is important. The largest source of pollution is found at Parsons, W. Va., on the headwaters and is principally due to industrial waste. In view of the present condi- tion of the stream, primary treatment of waste seems justified to re- move settleable solids and floating material to prevent local nuisances. CHEAT RIVER Sanitary conditions arc generally good in this stream and acidity is not now a problem, largely because of past mine sealing activities. This stream is used extensively as a source of water supply. Elkins, W. Va., with a sewered population of 8,100 and industrial waste equiv- alent of 15,000 additional, is the largest source of pollution on this stream. The domestic sewage is untreated but the industrial waste at Elkins is so treated that a reported reduction of 90 percent in settle- able solids is obtained and oxygen conditions are generally improved. A high degree of treatment is justified in this area, not only to improve the stream locally but also to protect the waters of Tygart Reservoir. TYGART RIVER WEST FORK RIVER Clarksburg, TV. Va., with a sewered population equivalent of 29,000, is by far the largest source of pollution on this stream and its effect is clearly evident in the laboratory findings. The dissolved oxygen is reduced and the biochemical oxygen demand and coliform organisms are increased. In general, the main stream is not highly acid except near the mouth where many tributary creeks with low pH values discharge acid mine drainage. Two sewage treatment plants are located on this stream. Secondary treatment of sewage at Clarksburg appears advisable to reduce oxygen demand and coliform counts. At least primary treat- ment is necessary at all other communities. Weston will require secondary treatment to reduce bacterial pollution. A summary of costs of the remedial program discussed is shown od table Mo-1. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 375 Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter PH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion West Fork River above Weston, W. MoWf 195 June 14,1940 27.0 7.3 90.2 0.7 15 7.0 36 Va. Do do. June 26,1940 125 19. 5 7.7 83.6 .6 93 7.0 38 Do do. July 2’ 1940 107 18.5 8.1 85.8 .6 39 7.2 West Fork River, Weston water MoWf 193.5 June 14,1940 26.0 6.6 80.2 .3 93 6.9 33 works. Do do June 26,1940 127 19.5 7.0 75. 7 . 8 43 6. 9 29 Do. do July 2,1940 109 18.5 7.3 77.6 .5 93 7.0 West Fork River, above Polk Creek.. MoWf 183.2 June 17,1940 119 23.5 6.7 77.6 1.0 2,400 7.0 47 Do.. do June 26,1940 130 20.5 7. 3 80.0 1 4 2,400 6.9 42 Do do.. July 2,1940 110 19.0 7.7 82.4 1.6 '430 7. 0 Polk Creek at mouth, Weston, W. MoWfP 193.5 June 14,1940 26. 5 3.4 42.4 3.7 930 6.9 60 47 47 Va. Do 8 18. 5 5. 5 58 5 1. 8 1 100 7 n 52 Do do July 2,1940 19 18.0 7.1 74. 5 1.4 2,400 7.0 24 MoWfS 194 27.0 5.4 66.4 . 7 230 6.9 90 44 42 W. Va. Do 44 18. 5 81. 0 . 8 240 7 0 48 44 Do do 57 17. 5 7.9 81. 5 . 9 93 7 1 48 41 West Fork River, below Stone Coal MoWf 192 June 14,1940 26.5 6.0 74.0 1.8 460 6 8 35 Creek, below Weston, W. Va. Do 190 17. 5 7.1 73. 7 1. 2 1,100 7 0 97 50 35 Do do. July 2,1940 190 19.0 7.6 81.3 1.1 460 7.1 MoWf 189 28.0 5.7 71.7 .8 43 7.0 190 43 35 Mill. Do do June 26,1940 197 20.0 6. 5 71.1 .9 460 6.9 48 Do do. July 2,1940 195 20.0 6.8 74.0 1 3 460 7.0 76 43 West Fork River, below Hackers MoWf 180.3 June 17,1940 220 22.5 6.2 71.3 .9 23 7.0 41 Creek, Jane Lew, W. Va. Do do June 27,1940 210 20. 5 7.0 77 6 .5 23 7.1 41 Do do, July 3,1940 359 19.5 7.5 81.3 1.5 240 7. 2 West Fork River, West Milford, MoWf 174 June 17) 1940 244 22.5 7.0 79.4 ,9 43 7.0 21 W. Va. Do June 27,1940 224 21.0 7.6 84.2 .8 43 7.1 39 Do do. July 3) 1940 415 20.0 7.8 85.2 1.0 43 7. 2 West Fork River, Nutter Fort, W. MoWf 167. June 17,1940 268 23.5 7.1 82.2 1.0 43 7.1 47 39 45 Va. • Do do June 27,1940 238 20.5 7. 4 81.6 .4 9 7.1 76 54 44 Do do July 3,1940 472 20.5 7.9 87.2 .8 93 7.2 72 40 Table Mo-7.—Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results 376 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL • Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity,parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion pH Hardness, parts per million Brown Creek at mouth, Two Lick, MoWfB 166 June 17,1940 10 20.5 7.7 84.9 f 2.5 1 1 1.2 > 3.0 205 520 W. Va. Do June 27,1940 July 3,1940 May 20,1940 3 17.5 20.5 8.2 8.1 84.6 88.9 78.5 f 1.6 } (*) 1 2 2.8 3.2 6.0 135 110 660 Do 7 l *o / 3.5 West Fork River, above Clarks- MoWf 161 695 20.0 7.2 1 1 1.0 / 1 • 2 / * ■ 28 burg, W. Va. l 1.2 Do do May 27,1940 May 30,1940 June 14,1940 June 20,1940 June 28,1940 July 2,1940 July 10,1940 July 10,1940 935 18. 0 8.0 83 9 3.2 2 6.7 6.0 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.5 6.6 6.8 14 16 Do do 235 18.0 8.2 86.0 . 8 2 Do MoWf 161 595 23.0 6.1 70.3 1. 0 9 20 22 18 28 • 124 25 Do 1,750 224 21.0 7.0 77.9 1.6 43 9 Do do__ 22.0 6. 4 72.5 Do_. 575 22.0 7.4 83.8 3.2 24 23 460 Do .. ..do 43 22.5 6.8 77.7 .4 West Fork River, above mouth Elk MoWf 160 23.5 7.4 85.5 .9 Creek, above Clarksburg, W. Va. Elk Creek, above N utter Fort, W. Va MoWfE 167 May 20,1940 155 18.0 7.2 75.5 .2 24 6.6 42 10 38 28 30 35 28 49 Do May 27,1940 May 30,1940 June 14,1940 June 20,1940 June 28,1940 215 8.6 .4 21 9 7.1 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0 6.4 7.3 3.2 Do... do 50 17.0 6.7 68.8 1.1 Do do__ 135 21.0 7.0 77.9 .7 9 15 2 Do do 349 21 0 7.3 81. 2 . 5 Do do 53 22.0 6.9 78.1 Do do July 2,1940 268 20.0 7.8 1.0 Do do July 10,1940 May 28,1940 15 22.5 7.0 80. 0 .3 23 } 240 Anmore Creek below Anmore, W. Va. MoWfA 165 9 21.0 9.4 104.6 f 4.0 Do June 6,1940. June 13,1940 8 24.0 9.0 105. 5 / 3.6 J } (J) } 93 2.9 4.5 5.7 3.1 6.3 Do 55 23.0 7.4 85.3 l '2.2 / 1.4 Do do June 19,1940 16 21. 0 5.6 62.3 l 1.8 / -6 } 460 } 1 8 Do do__ June 27,1940 2 21.0 8.4 93.4 \ ‘ 1. 6 / 1-2 Do July 1,1940 12 20.0 8.2 89.4 \ 1 1. 6 1.4 20 Table Mo-7.—Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 377 Elk Creek West Pike St. Bridge, MoWfE 159 July 10,1940 23.0 5.6 63.9 / 6.0 ) 730 4. 6 7 Clarksburg, W. Va. \ 1 9. 6 J Elk Creek at mouth, Clarksburg, MoWfE 158 May 20,1940 174 20.0 5.2 56.7 f 1.2 | 1,100 6.2 20 W. Va. \ 1 2.3 Do do May 27,1940 235 19.0 8.0 85.6 .6 150 6. 5 16 Do May 30,1940 60 18.0 8.4 88.1 3.2 93 6 0 26 Do... do__ June 14,1940 150 23.0 6.9 79.5 1.3 150 6 8 20 Do. do June 20.1940 370 21.0 6 9 76.8 / 2.5 } (2) 6 7 22 Do June 28,1940 73 21.0 3.3 ' 36.7 \ >2.4 1 W 210 5.8 18 Do. do_ July 2,1940 283 7.4 / 3.7 | 230 6.0 24 Do do July 10,1940 24 24.0 1.4 16.4 X 1 5.0 / 2.3 | 3fin 5 2 10 12 Limestone Run at mouth, Clarks- MoWfL 157 May 28,1940 13 21.0 9.0 100.1 \ > 2.8 J 2.4 ) 2 4.4 burg, W. Va. \ • 4. 6 Do do June 6,1940 11 23.0 8.6 99.1 } 9 4.8 \ >4.0 / Do do June 13,1940 90 24.0 7.8 91.4 / 2.0 \ 15 4 7 9 Do.. do June 19,1940 21 21.0 8.0 89.0 \ > 1.8 / 2.2 } 240 6.1 18 Do do June 27,1940 6 21.0 8.0 89.0 X > 2.4 / 2.0 ) 2 4. 6 Do do___ July 1,1940 18 21.0 8.0 89.0 \ * 2.4 / • 6 \ 21 5 6 16 West Fork River, Adamston Bridge, MoWf 158 May 20.1940 895 20.0 5.8 63.2 \ >1.6 ( 4-7 I 4 6.1 34 Clarksburg, W. Va. \ > 4. 8 Do... do May 27,1940 1,200 19.0 8.2 87.7 1. 2 21 6.7 12 Do do May 30,1940 315 17.0 7.8 80.1 f 24 J 240 6.1 16 Do. June 14,1940 765 24.0 7.4 86.8 l !-4 5.1 93 6.7 18 Do do. June 20,1940 2,100 23.0 7.0 80. 6 / 3.6 | 150 6 6 18 Do.. do June 28,1940 306 22.0 6.4 72.5 X >3.2 2,400 6.7 20 Do do July 2,1940 858 22.0 7.4 83. 8 J 4.9 | 240 6 0 24 Do do 24.0 6.2 72. 5 \ 17.3 2 4 2 300 6 0 19 West Fork River, Perry Mine, below MoWf 155 May 20,1940 895 20.0 5.8 63.2 / -8 | 240 6.3 26 Clarksburg, W. Va. \ >1.0 Do. May 27,1940 1,200 19.0 8.0 85 6 4 0 9 6 4 16 Do May 30,1940 315 17.0 8.0 82.1 / 2.0 | 460 6 2 18 Do.... June 14,1940 765 24.0 6 4 75 0 l >9 fi. 2 240 0 3 Do do June 20.1940 2,100 22.0 7. 0 79 3 1.2 150 6 7 Do.. June 28,1940 '306 22.0 6. 3 71 3 750 6 3 14 Do July 2.1940 858 22.0 7 4 83.8 2.1 240 6 1 24 Do July 10,1940 24,0 3.8 44.3 2.6 2,300 6.3 18 J Seeded and neutralized. 2 Less than t. 378 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion West Fork River, above Zeising, MoWf 149.8. May 20,1940 900 21.0 6.2 69.0 / 2.6 j (*) 5.4 6 W. Va. \ *2.0 Do do May 27,1940 1,210 19.0 8.0 85.6 .8 21 6.2 16 Do do May 30J.940 ' 330 18.0 7.4 77.6 2.0 (!) 5.5 14 Do do 780 23.0 6.6 76.0 3.0 7 6.4 11 Do do 2,100 22.0 6.8 77.0 .8 30 6.6 18 Do.... do 306 22.0 6.1 69.1 24 6.3 6 Do do July 2,1940 858 21.0 7.4 2.3 240 6.3 20 Do do July 10,1940 80 25.5 5.8 69.3 / 1.0 I 4 4.1 14 Simpson Creek, above Bridgeport, MoWfS 162 May 28,1940 78 17.0 9.2 94.5 l 'll / 42 J } « 2.9 W. Va. \ 1 5.0 Do do June 6,1940 65 22.0 9.0 101.9 ) 2.8 \ 11.8 J Do do June 13,1940 425 20.0 8.5 92.7 ( 3.1 ) 1 3.2 Do 125 20.0 7.7 84.0 \ 1 3.1 / 1.3 J i 21 3. 2 Do 22 18.0 7.8 81.8 \ 1 1.2 / -0 J. ) (2) 2.8 Do July 1,1940 384 17.0 7.4 76.0 1 *. 8 J -2 J v ’ } 110 3. 4 Simpson Creek bridge, below Bridge- MoWfS 156 May 28,1940 83 18.0 9.4 98.5 \ 11.8 / 2.4 } (*) 3.1 port, W. Va. \ * 3. 8 Do... do June 6,1940 68 22.0 9.0 101.9 2.9 \ 1 2.0 J Do do - June 13,1940 450 21.0 7.0 77.9 J -2 1 2 3.4 Do do June 19,1940 125 21.0 7.6 84.5 \ *. 0 r *6 } 24 3.5 Do.. June 27,1940 22 19.0 8.4 ' 89.8 \ 11. 3 f .2 J } 1 2.9 Do do July 1,1940 384 17.0 7.2 73.9 l *.8 / .o J } 110 3.4 l ‘.2 i Table Mo-7.—Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River -pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL MoWfTSa 168.5... May 28.1940 6,1940 13.1940 11 20.0 2.6 3.0 28.4 9.6 210 7.1 130 Do 9 24.0 35.2 10.4 430 6.8 Do June 70 25.0 f 7.6 \ 18.8 } 150 6.8 62 Do June 19,1910 18 21.0 5.8 64.5 1 3.6 \ 13.6 ) 6.9 32 Do June 27,1940 21.0 f 4.4 l 13.2 | 93 7.0 72 Do July May June 1,1940 10 19. 0 6.4 68.4 4 8 930 6.4 24 Salem Fork, below East Salem, W. Va. Do MoWfTSa 167,5... 28,1940 6,1940 12 17.0 24.0 7.8 4.8 80.1 56.3 f 3.8 } 210 7.0 124 10 \ 1 7.2 f 2.2 1 12.4 } 29 6.6 42 Do June 13,1940 74 25.0 2.0 23.9 / 4.8 i 14.8 } 24 6.9 62 Do June 19,1940 18 21.0 6.0 66.7 / 3.6 } 240 6.7 26 { i 3. 2 Do June 27,1940 21.0 4.2 46.7 i } 360 7.0 62 \ 1 2.4 Do July May 1,1940 29,1940 10 19. 0 6. 6 70.6 2. 6 1,100 4 6.4 28 Ten Mile Creek, above Lumberport, Laura Lee, W. Va. MoWfT 148 560 18.0 8.6 90.1 .2 5.8 9 Do 7,1940 43 19.0 7.2 77.0 / -2 1 1 6.0 8 Do. 18,1940 21,1910 581 23.0 7.0 80.6 l 1 -4 / 9 6.1 12 Ten Mile Creek, above Lumberport, above Laura Lee, W. Va. MoWfT 148 June 92 19.0 7.8 83.4 1.2 24 6.6 21 Do 29,2940 3,1940 61 22.0 7.2 81.5 1.2 460 6.2 16 Do July May 116 17.0 8.2 84.2 .8 93 6.1 30 MoWfT 146.5 29,1940 570 18.0 9.2 96.4 / 1.0 } (s) 4.6* 9 Lumberport, W. Va. l 12.0 / 2.6 Do June 7,1940 15.1940 21.1940 47 24.0 22.0 7.0 6.2 82.1 70.2 83.4 } (5) 1 3 4.8 Do 581 [ 12.8 / 4.0 6.3 5 Do 92 19.0 7.8 1 1 4. 2 / 1.3 } 24 6.5 18 Do 29,1940 3,1940 61 21.0 7.1 79.0 l 1 .9 .9 93 6.1 14 Do July June 117 22.0 7.8 88.3 .1 24 5.6 20 West Fork River Bridge, below Ten Mile Creek, below Lumberport, MoWf 145.5 7,1940 23.0 5.4 62.2 / -2 } (s) 3.2 \ 1 .2 W. Va. / -9 Do 18.1940 21.1940 29.1940 3,1940 610 1,430 525 4,370 23.0 20.0 6.9 7.1 7.4 7.2 79.5 77.4 83.8 75.5 > 150 3.4 Do \ i 1.9 / 1.5 / 1 43 4.7 Do June July 22.0 18.0 \ i 1.2 / -4 1 24 3.3 Do \ 1 -2 / 4 .6 / } 240 4.4 1 Seeded and neutralized. 3 Less than l. \ 11.8 . OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen • 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion West Fork River, below Shinnston, MoWf 143.5. May 29,1940 700 19.0 8.8 94.1 9 3.5 W. Va. Do. June 7,1940 370 25.0 6.2 74.0 / • 6 1 (2) 3 2 Do... June 18,1940 710 23.0 6.4 73.7 \ 1 -2 r .9 | 93 3 4 Do June 21,1940 1,320 20.0 7.4 80. 7 \ 1 1.3 / .9 I 43 4 8 Do June 29,1940 525 22.0 7.2 81.5 \ 1 «8 / o } 43 3 4 Do July 3,1940 4,370 19.0 7.4 79.1 \ 1 1.2 / 1.6 4.6 West Fork River Bridge, above MoWf 138 May 21,1940 4,950 19.0 7.6 81.3 \ 1 3.3 f 1.2 J 1 6 5.7 Worthington, W. Va. J Do June 12,1940 780 27.0 7.6 94.2 \ 9 3 5 Do June 26,1940 755 7.6 \ 1 1.4 ( \ 93 3 8 West Fork River, Highway Bridge MoWf 132.5 May 21,1940 5,130 19.0 7.4 79.1 ( 2!o I 43 6.0 12 below Monongah, W. Va. Do May 24,1940 000 20.0 7.2 78. 5 / *8 I 24 3 6 14 Do June 4,1940 1,250 19.0 7.6 81.3 \ 1 1.0 2 3 3 Do.. June 12,1940 800 27.0 6.6 81.8 / -2 ) 24 3. 5 Do June 26,1940 759 7.3 \ 1 *2 / -1 J } 24 3.8 West Fork River, at mouth, Fair- MoWf 129 May 21,1940 5,250 19.0 7.2 77.0 l 1 • 1 r .4 * 5.4 10 mont, W. Va. / Do May 24,1940 640 21.0 5.2 57.8 / • \ 2 4 4 Do June 4,1940 1,300 19.0 8.0 85.6 l 1 .8 2 4. 3 Do June 12,1940 850 28.0 5.8 73.2 \ 3 3 6 Do June 26,1940 788 6.9 \ 1 1.4 / , -2 } 23 3 9 Tygart River water plant intake, MoTy 211 June 13,1940 18.5 7.9 83.7 l 1 .0 .9 1,100 6.9 30 above Elkins, W. Va. Do June 21,1940 770 16. 5 8.4 85 1 ,8 23 7 0 39 Do July 1,1940 388 19.0 8.1 86.5 .7 43 7 2 Do July 9,1940 196 21.0 8.4 93.6 .9 750 7.3 Table Mo-7.—Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 381 Tygart River, 4 miles below Elkins, MoTy 205.5 June 13,1940 22.0 7.2 81.9 2.0 2,400 6.8 28 W. Va. Do do June 21,1940 790 16.0 8.2 82.4 1.0 210 6.9 31 Do do_ July 1,1940 410 17.5 7. 5 78.2 1.7 460 6.9 Do do_ July 9,1940 215 20.0 6.2 67.5 1.6 230 6.9 Grassy Run, at mouth, Norton, W. MoTyG 202 1 16.0 8.2 82.6 ‘2.0 (a) 2.5 5 Va. MoTy 201.5 do 226 20.0 7.0 76.8 1.6 150 7.1 W. Va. MoTy 201.3 June 13,1940 22.0 7.5 85.3 ,7 2,400 6.9 27 Norton, W. Va. Do.. June 21,1940 95U 16.0 8.5 85.3 .9 930 7.0 30 Do do_ July 1,1940 490 18.0 7.8 81.8 .6 110 7.1 ' Do July 9,1940 238 21.5 7.2 80.8 .7 7.2 13 43 June 13,1940 23.5 8.0 93.6 .9 1,100 6.9 200 32 30 Belington, W. Va. Do June 21,1940 1,100 14.5 9.0 87.5 .5 240 6.8 18 25 30 Do do_ July 1,1940 592 17.0 8.4 86.3 .7 230 6.8 22 39 MoTyMf 198 June 13,1940 23.5 8.2 95.7 .2 3 6.8 7 18 15 W. Va. Do June 21,1940 250 13.5 9.5 90.3 46 6. 7 8 13 12 Do July 1,1940 210 16.5 8.8 88.9 .4 7 6.7 6 12 MoTyBu 206 June 13,1940 24.0 7.4 87.0 .2 46 6.7 17 non, W. Va. Do do June 21,1940 350 15.5 8.8 87.6 .7 43 6.7 19 Do July 1,1940 240 17.0 8.5 87.1 .4 93 6. 7 MoTyBu 201.5 June 13’1940 25.5 7.0 84.0 .4 150 6.7 35 24 20 non, W. Va. Do June 21,1940 550 16.0 8.4 84.5 .5 43 6.7 13 23 24 Do July 1,1940 460 18.0 8.0 84.2 1.0 93 6.7 28 20 June 12,1940 25.5 7.2 87.0 1.7 210 6.6 500 23 22 Va. Do June 20,1940 1,450 19.0 8.3 89.2 1.3 240 6.6 24 21 19 Do. June 28,1940 '366 21.0 8.3 92.2 1.0 9 6.8 23 21 Tygart River, above Philippi, W. Va. MoTy 174.5 June 12,1940 27.0 7.7 95.5 1.7 150 6.8 42 ' Do .1 June 20,1940 4,500 18.0 8.8 91.7 .9 460 6.7 23 Do do June 28^1940 '980 20.5 8.2 90.0 .6 4 6.6 Tygart River, Arden, W. Va MoTy 166.5 June 12,1940 27.0 7.6 94.5 .5 23 6.9 28 Do do June 20,1940 8,000 17.5 8.7 89.8 1.4 93 6.8 27 Do do. June 28,1940 1,000 21.5 8.2 92.0 .4 4 6.8 Tygart River, steel bridge above MoTy 150.: June 12,1940 21.5 10.2 114.1 .3 2 6.6 18 Grafton, W. Va. Do. do June 20,1940 8, 400 17.0 10.3 105.7 .7 4 6. 6 18 Do do. June 28,1940 1,550 20.0 9.5 103.7 .4 23 6.8 Three Forks Creek, mile above MoTyTf 149.5.... June 12,1940 26.0 8.1 98.4 / -5 I 43 5.6 2 16 52 mouth, Grafton, W. Va. l • 7 J Do do_ June 20,1940 432 16.0 9.3 93.7 .5 240 6. 6 23 20 35 Do. do June 28,1940 70 21.5 8.2 92.6 / 1.8 ) 43 5.8 8 57 1 Seeded and neueralized. \ ‘ 1.5 / 3 Less than 1. 382 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average discharge, cubic feet per second Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter Turbid- it y,parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion pH Hardness, parts per million Tygart River bridge on Route 50, MoTy 146.7. June 12,1940 21.0 9.5 105.6 .4 23 6.7 15 below Grafton, W. Va. Do. June 20.1940 28.1940 8,800 1,620 17.0 20. 5 10.1 9.3 8.9 103.3 102.4 101.3 7 43 23 23 6.6 6.8 6.6 16 Do June . 6 Tygart River, 3 miles above mouth. MoTy 132 June 12,1940 22.5 14 17 30 Benton Ferry, W. Va. Do June 20,1940 8,800 16.5 9.7 98.6 .6 23 6.6 27 19 26 Do June 28,1940 1,630 20.5 8.4 92.8 .6 23 6.8 20 27 Monongahela River highway bridge Mo 126.7 M ay 21,1940 6,520 18.0 7.6 79.7 f .0 l >.2 I JO Fairmont, W. Va. \ (s) 5.0 10 Do May June 24.1940 4,1940 12.1940 2,420 7,540 2, 400 2, 420 30 18.0 19.0 27.0 8.8 8.2 6 4 92.2 87.7 79.3 4.4 5.4 3.9 4.5 6.6 Do l 2.4 J 6 93 } 21 150 12 Do. June Do June 26,1940 7.4 6.8 l Buffalo Creek bridge above Man- MoBc 145 May 29,1940 19.0 72.7 l ‘-8 32 nington, W. Va. Do June 7,1940 18.1940 21.1940 * 22 25.0 22.0 18.0 23.0 19.0 20.0 7.2 6.6 7.8 6.3 8.0 7.4 85.9 74.7 81.8 72.6 85.6 80.7 J -t } 24 93 15 . 93 43 200 7.0 6.3 6.9 6.9 5.9 6.4 20 28 24 26 26 32 Do. June 32 \ >-8 .9 .8 1.3 2.4 Do June 21 Do June 29,1940 3,1940 32 Do. July 33 Buffalo Creek foot bridge, below Mannington, W. Va. AloBc 140.7 May 29,1940 115 Do June 7.1940 18.1940 21.1940 29.1940 3.1940 45 25.0 23. 0 5.2 6.3 7.8 6.0 8.0 62.1 72.6 81.8 68.0 83.9 / £6 } <’> } 930 } 210 } 750 240 7.0 6.3 6.9 6.8 5.8 26 28 26 28 26 Do June 118 \ >2.8 / 1.9 Do June 75 18. 0 l >2.0 1 ,'8 Do. June 62 22.0 18.0 l >-8 f 3.2 Do July 94 \ >1.0 1.0 Table Mo-7.—Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Buffalo Creek railroad bridge, at MoBc 127. May 21,1940 575 18.0 7.8 81.8 / 1.6 } 1 5.4 12 mouth, Fairmont, W. Va. \ * 1. 3 Do May 24,1940 70 21.0 7.2 80.1 \ 110 6.2 12 Do do_ June 4,1940 150 20.0 8.0 87.2 \ i 2. 4 J 43 5.2 10 Do do June 12,1940 98 26.0 7.2 87.6 / 2.8 ) 4 7.0 48 \ * 4. 0 Do June 26,1940 76 7.6 J 2.8 1 75 6.9 64 Monongahela River railroad bridge, Mo 124.2 May 21,1940 7,100 19.0 8.2 87.7 l ‘-8 / 1.0 / \ (J) 10 below Fairmont, W. Va. \ 1 1. 2 J Do May 24,1940 2, 500 18.0 8.6 90.1 / 1.6 I 2 6.6 8 Monongahela River railroad bridge, Mo 124.2 June 4,1940 7,700 19.0 8.4 89.8 \ 11. 6 9 5.2 12 below Fairmont, W. Va. Do do June 12,1940 2, 500 27.0 6.6 81.8 / 1.2 } 1 3.9 Do . do. June 26,1940 2,500 7. 4 l ‘-4 / -6 J \ 93 4.5 4 Monongahela River, lock No. 11, Mo 104.1. May 16,1940 1,030 16.0 8.8 88.4 l ‘-2 J (2) 3. 5 50 above Morgantown, W. Va. Do do._ May 23,1940 3,200 20.0 8.6 93.8 f 1.4 1 (J) 4.5 8 Do do_*. June 3,1940 11,300 19.0 8.2 87.7 1 1 1.8 / -4 / v 1 (J) 5.2 4 Do do June 1-1,1940 3,000 26.0 7.8 94.9 l *• 6 J -4 / w \ 1 4.0 Do. do June 17,1940 3, 000 23.0 8.0 92.2 l *• 6 / 2.0 I 2 4.9 Do do June 25,1940 9,350 8.1 l *-9 / -5 I 4 5.1 6 Deckers Creek Bridge, above Sabra- 50 15.0 9.6 94.6 l '-9 / 14 J } (s) 5.4 4 ton, W. Va. \ 1 1. 8 Do June 11,1940 15 25.0 7.6 90.7 / 1. G 1 2 4. 5 \ * 2. 0 f Do do June 17,1940 45 23.0 7.6 87.6 r i.4 I 2 3.9 Do 49 7.9 l >.6 I -2 J } 1 4.6 Deckers Creek, shirt factory bridge, MoDe 103 May 16,1940 10 16.0 8.8 88.4 l 1* 1 / 43 4.1 6 above Morgantown, W. Va. Do May 23,1940 20 19.0 9.0 96.3 2.0 1 5.1 6 Do...: 55 15.0 9.4 92.6 / .6 } 1 5.2 4 Do.... 20 25.0 7.4 88. 3 \ i 1.2 / 1.6 I 15 4.5 Do... June 17,1940 30 23.0 7.8 89.9 \ i 2.0 J 2.0 / } 24 3.9 Do June 25,1940 54 8. 0 l ‘.9 f -6 ) 9 4.6 2 1 Seeded and neutralized. L 11.7 * Less thap 1 90035—44—pt. 2 16 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per ' second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Deckers Creek railroad bridge, at MoDe 101 May 16,1940 15 16.0 8.0 80.4 110 4. 5 mouth, Morgantown, W. Va. Do do May 23,1940 25 20.0 8.0 87.2 f 1-4 } 150 4.9 6 Do June 3,1940 60 16.0 9.4 94.5 \ i 2. 0 / 3.4 J I 7 5.2 6 Do June 11,1940 25 25.0 7.4 88.3 \ i 3.0 / 4.0 J } 24 4.6 \ 1 3.8 J Do June 17,1940 35 23.0 6.8 78.3 / 6.0 I 16 4. 5 \ 1 2. 6 J Do do June 25,1940 54 7.8 / 2.6 1 930 5.3 5 \ 1 4.0 J Monongahela River, river bridge, Mo 100.9. May 16,1940 1,050 16.0 8.0 80.4 (») 3. 5 34 Morgantown, W. Va. Do_ May 23,1940 3,250 20.0 8.8 96.0 / 14 ) 1 4.4 6 Do do. June 3,1940 11,400 19.0 8.2 87.7 \ 1 2. 0 / 2.0 J ) 4 5.0 6 Do June 11,1940 3,050 25.5 7.8 94.0 1 1 1.8 / 1.0 J } 4 4.4 \ 1 1. 6 Do June 17,1940 3,000 23.0 7.4 85.3 / -6 I 4 4.8 Do. do June 25,1940 9,400 8.0 l ‘.6 1 1.2 ) 9 5. 4 Monongahela River, river ferry, Star Mo 97.7 May 16,1940 1,070 17.0 8.8 90.3 l ‘-8 (») 3.5 36 City, W. Va. Do do May 23,1940 3,300 20.0 8.2 89. 4 / 1.4 } 1 5.2 4 Do June 3,1940 11, 400 19.0 8.8 94.1 1 *1.0 r .2 } 2 4. 3 Do June 11,1940 3, 050 26.0 7.8 94.9 l 0 r .2 J I 2 4.2 Do. June 17,1940 3,000 23.0 7.8 89.9 l *.2 } 2 4.4 Do.. do June 25,1940 9, 450 7.6 \ >o f .3 J ) 93 4. 6 2 l ‘.6 J Table Mo-7.—Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—-Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 385 Monongahela River, dam No. 8, Point Marion, Pa. Do Mo 90 May 31,1940 June 10,1940 June 22,1940 Aug. 19,1940 Aug. 27,1940 Sept. 4,1940 Sept. 13,1940 Sept. 17,1940 Sept. 24,1940 Oct. 2,1940 Oct. 8,1940 Oct. 17,1940 Oct. 22,1940 Oct. 30,1940 Nov. 4,1940 Nov. 12,1940 Nov. 20,1940 Nov. 26,1940 Dec. 6,1940 Dec. 9,1940 June 19,1940 June 25,1940 July 5,1940 June 19,1940 June 25,1940 38,000 3,250 6,790 450 450 1,010 845 845 340 1,770 1,370 630 630 1,050 4,140 1,830 2,110 4,190 4,000 4,500 2,800 430 380 600 135 325 16.0 21.0 19.0 26.5 23.5 23.5 21.0 20.5 21.5 17.0 17.5 16.0 13.0 13.5 12.5 11.5 7.5 7.5 4.0 4.0 15.5 18.5 16.5 18.0 16.5 15.0 9.6 7.6 8.2 7.3 8.2 7.8 8.4 8.4 7.8 9.2 9.1 9.2 9.7 10.0 11.1 10.8 11.5 12.2 13.1 12.7 8.6 8.5 8.9 7.8 8.4 8.6 96.5 84.5 87.7 90.0 94.9 91.3 93.1 92.6 87.0 94.5 94.1 92.3 91.5 95.1 103.3 98.8 95.9 101.9 99.9 96.4 86.0 89.9 90.4 81.2 85.8 84.8 ■■5 1 ‘-4 f 1.1 \ ‘.6 / 1.3 \ ».9 / 11 l ‘.8 / 11 \ ‘-9 J -6 1 >.6 / -8 1 *• 7 J 1.0 \ ‘-8 J 1-2 \ ‘-9 / 2.4 \ »1.8 / 1.1 l »1.1 / -9 \ ‘.4 { »!o (•) f (3) (>) } (J) * 1 } (J) » C) 5.0 3.9 5.1 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.5 4.3 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.7 4.6 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 6.6 6.9 6.8 6.5 6.9 6.7 8 15 4 do Do do -j «a. j Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do. Do Do Do Do / } (J) } (s) : } « 9 15 4 150 120 43 Do Do Do Do do Shaver Fork, 3H miles above Par- sons, Porterwood, W. Va. Do MoChS 168 27 4 3 22 31 23 25 24 Do Blackwater River, above falls in State park, Davis, W. Va. MoChDfBl-180 ... 22 30 Tin do 1 Seeded and neutralized, 1 Less than 1. 386 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million North Fork, Blackwater River bridge, above Thomas, W. Va. MoChNBl 182 June 19,1940 64 17.0 6.7 68.6 { <5 ) 43 5.6 17 1 Do June 25,1940 29 16.5 14. 5 7.6 7.5 77.0 72.9 84.0 i -2 5.5 5.5 6.3 20 Do. July 5,1940 37 \ >.4 J •$ J 4 } 23 93 North Fork, Blackwater River bridge, below Thomas, W. Va. MoChNbL-1805.. June 19,1940 64 17.5 8.1 l ‘.4 1.3 23 25 44 Do. June 25,1940 29 18.0 8.0 83.9 f -5 } 9 4.7 20 26 80 l ‘.7 Do. July 5,1940 July 19,1940 38 15. 5 8.5 8.3 84.6 88.2 / -5 1 4 5. 5.3 25 35 Blackwater River bridge, at mouth, Hendrick, W. Va. MoChDfBl-172... 1,000 18.5 l *.6 f 1.2 1 ‘1.2 } 46 18 26 Do July 25,1940 250 16.5 8.7 88.6 } 43 4.4 34 21 39 \ ‘.6 Do July 5,1940 June 19,1940 520 14.0 9 2 88.4 91.0 ( -8 \ o 4.6 7.2 28 Dry Fork River, Hendrick, W. Va... MoChDf 172 1,800 16.5 9.0 \ >.7 .7 J y 23 37 Do June 25,1940 July 5,1940 June 19,1940 530 17. 5 8.8 9. 3 91.7 91.6 91.9 23 9 23 7.3 6.9 6.9 33 Do 530 15. 0 ’ 4 Dry Fork River bridge, above Par- MoChDf 168 2,800 18.5 8.7 i.i 25 28 34 sons, W. Va. Do... June 25,1940 780 16.5 7.6 87.1 23 6.6 22 30 30 Do July 5,1940 June 19,1940 1,100 5,600 14.5 17.5 9.1 8.7 89.0 89.9 9 23 6.6 6.9 15 28 30 29 Cheat River, 2 miles below Parsons, MoCh 165.5 .8 28 Holly Meadows, W. Va. Do. —- June 25,1940 July 5,1940 June 18,1940 1,380 1,700 4,000 17.5 15.0 20.5 8 4 8.9 8.1 86.7 88.6 88.9 15 23 39 6.8 6.7 6.9 16 14 22 33 27 26 45 Do Cheat River, 5 miles below Parsons, MoCh 158 26 St. George, W. Va. Do June 24,1940 July 8,1940 June 18,1940 1,500 990 4,300 21.0 18.0 22.0 8.1 8.6 8.1 89.7 90.1 91.4 9 46 120 6.9 6.9 6.9 17 13 23 33 30 Do-_ Cheat River, foot bridge below MoCh 133 '.7 24 Rowlesburg, W. Va. Do June 24,1940 July 8,1940 June 18,1940 1,550 1, 250 4,600 23.0 21.0 8.2 8.7 94.9 96. 9 3 23 23 23 6.9 6.8 6.8 28 Do_ .8 .6 Cheat River, 1 mile east of King- wood, Caddell, \V. Va. MoCh 120.5 21.0 8.3 92.7 22 Do June 24,1940 July 8,1940 1,600 1,120 20.5 8 3 91.6 94.9 3 6.9 6.8 29 Do 20.0 8.7 .3 4 Table Mo-7. Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 387 Green Run Creek, between King- wood and Allbright, W. Va. MoChGr 118.5 June 18,1940 19 20.0 8.4 91.6 ■:2 } 110 3.6 30 44 Do do June 24,1940 July 8,1940 May 31,1940 June 10,1940 June 22,1940 May 31,1940 8 19.5 8.3 90.1 Hi 1.6 ) 4 3.5 13 47 Do do 5 17.5 9.0 93.6 } <’> 15 3.3 18 MoCh 100.5 32,000 2,400 1,220 35,300 13.0 10.2 96.2 6.5 8 Do 21.0 7.4 82.3 f 1.6 1 >2.0 .4 ) 75 6.1 10 Do ... do.. 20.0 7.4 80,7 J 21 6.5 8 Cheat River bridge, at mouth, Point Marion, Pa. MoCh 90 16.0 9.8 98.5 .8 1 6.4 10 Do June 10,1940 June 22,1940 May 31,1940 3,730 1, 220 61,900 21.0 8.6 95.7 f 1.0 l >1.0 .6 ] 9 3.9 Do 21.0 7.4 82.3 24 6.1 8 Monongahela River lock and dam No. 7, Greensboro, Pa. Mo 84.8 15.0 9.2 90.6 .8 9 5.7 8 Do do June 10,1940 4,060 21.0 7.4 82.3 / 1.4 \ * 1.4 } 24 3.9 Do do June 22,1940 Aug. 19,1940 Aug. 27,1940 Sept. 4,1940 Sept. 13,1940 Sept. 17,1940 Sept. 24,1940 Oct. 2,9940 Oct. 8,1940 Oct. 17,1940 9,230 18.0 8.4 88.1 1 .5 1 ».6 / >-6 I 24 5.3 7 Do 640 26.0 7.5 91.5 } « } (*> } <’> } <’> <■> » } 2 3.4 Do do 1,020 1,480 1,020 1,020 22.0 8.6 97.1 l • 7 / >.6 \ 1.2 / .6 \ ‘-9 / 1.0 l >.8 / 1.5 l > 1.0 f >.5 \ 1.0 / -5 l >.6 / • 7 l ‘.7 / 1.0 l >.8 J 1-4 l >.9 f 2.6 1 >1.4 f 1.4 \ » 1.6 .8 3.2 Do 22.5 8.3 94.7 3.8 Do do 20.5 8.0 87.6 3.6 Do 20.5 8.3 91.4 3.3 Do do 830 21.5 8.2 92.1 3.5 Do do 1,940 16.5 9.7 98.2 4.3 Do 1,480 1,240 1,240 1,480 5,740 2,020 2,630 5,740 17.0 9.1 93.8 } 2 3.8 Do 15.5 9.3 92.7 J } <’> } (>) } (») I 4 3.7 Do do Oct. 22,1940 Oct. 30,1940 Nov. 4,1940 Nov. 12,1940 Nov. 20,1940 Nov. 26,1940 d neutralized. 13.0 10.1 95.0 3.7 Do do 13.0 10.3 96.9 3.7 Do 12.0 10.8 99.7 4.7 Do 11.0 11.2 101.1 J (O 6.5 3 Do 7.5 12.0 99.8 .7 «) 6.1 4 Do 6.5 12.2 99.4 ■:! J Less tj } 1 4.4 ( * Seeded an J ran 1. 388 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, most probable number per milli- liter Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion pH Hardness, parts per million Monongahela River, lock and dam Mo 84.8.... Dec. 5,1940 4,060 4.0 13.2 100.6 / .5 1 2 4.2 No. 7, Greensboro, Pa. l '-4 f .6 J Do Dec. 9,1940 5,300 (*) 4.0 12.8 97.3 \ 3 4.1 7.1 Muddy Creek, upper edge of Fair- MoGeMu 96 Aug. 22,1940 18.0 8.8 92.5 l >.6 .3 / 23 20 chance, W. Va. Do do. Oct. 10,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Aug. 22,1940 (s) 1 10.0 10.7 94.4 91.6 94.5 1.2 $ 110 75 ) 4 6.9 6.3 3.9 24 16 Do do___ 5.0 11.7 Muddy Creek, below Fairchance, MoGeMu 95 1 18.5 8.9 { be 3 124 W. Va. J Do Oct. 10,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Aug. 22,1940 1 9.5 4.0 17.0 10.2 11.6 8.8 89.2 88.0 90.9 } m } 46 23 5.3 5.3 7.2 164 93 42 Do 6 l «.9 J .6 6 3 Georges Creek, below mouth of MoGe 94.6 («) \ >.8 1.7 34 Muddy Run. Do Oct. 10.1940 1 4 9.0 4.5 9.6 10.9 83.1 84.2 3.4 2.3 240 2,400 7.1 6.3 5 4 36 23 74 61 Do Nov. 15,1940 Georges Creek, J4 mile below Smith- MoGe 91.5. Aug. 23,1940 i 18.0 7.0 73.1 { b4 } * 3.6 3 144 field, Pa. Do Oct. 11,1940 1 9.0 9.1 78.1 f 1.4 } 1 4.2 7 267 l *• 8 Do. Dec. 3,1940 Oct. 2,1940 10 o 12.9 9.5 83.3 87.5 J 5.6 6.9 10 500 89 562 Jacobs Creek, Greensboro, Pa MoJa 84 2 12.0 l 1.9 / 3.3 J 4 } 46 22 l *2.4 Do Oct. 8,1940 Aug. 23,1940 2 14.0 16.5 8.9 6.8 85.5 69.5 / -5 } 9 93 4.2 7.1 9 429 Cats Creek, upper edge of Mason- MoCa 83 (*) l '-8 1.6 42 town, Pa. Do Oct. 11,1940 (J) 8.5 8.7 73.9 2.7 240 7.1 180 46 63 Do Dec. 3,1940 Aug. 23,1940 (J) 1 o 12 5 85.2 83.4 1.8 / 6.7 43 » 7.0 2.5 26 Cats Creek W mile below Mason- MoCa 81 18.0 8.0 17 1,420 town, Pa. \ 1 1. 6 f '-2 Do Oct. 11,1940 1 10.5 10.8 96.3 } O 2.5 l 14.2 Do Dec. 3,1940 1 0 14.7 100.6 I r 5-8 [ 36 2.9 47 l * 3. 0 1) 300 Table Mo-7.—Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Big Run at mouth, Masontown, Pa . MoBi 78.5. Aug. 23,1940 (») 16.5 3.0 30. 6 15.3 1,100 7.5 258 184 “Do ' do Oct. 11,1940 (*) 9.5 5.1 44.5 24.2 4,600 7.6 10 251 165 Do do Dec. 3,1940 1 1.0 10.9 76.8 3.6 ' 930 7.6 5 181 203 Mo 68.3 Aug. 19,1940 670 26. 5 7.2 88.2 / '-i } <’> 3.3 Landing, Pa. X • 3 Do Aug. 27,1940 1, 280 22. 5 7.7 88.3 f 4 3.2 Do Sept. 4,1940 2,610 22.5 7.9 90.4 l .7 f .8 / 3.8 Do Sept. 13,1940 1,400 20. 5 8.0 88.1 l J-6 f 1.0 3.3 Do Sept. 17,1940 1,300 20. 0 8.2 90.0 l ‘.6 f 1.2 3.4 Do Sept. 24,1940 860 21. 5 8.0 90.3 l 11 J V ’ i (*) 3.3 Do Oct. 2,1940 2,340 16.5 8.7 88. 6 l -5 J 1.5 } (1) 3.5 Do.. Oct. 8,1940 1,800 17.0 8.7 89.5 l 11 ( '’I 1 V ’ } 1 3.8 Do Oct. 17,1940 1, 200 15.0 9.2 90.4 l -6 ( '-q } (’) 3.6 Do... Oct. 22,1940 1,380 12.5 9.8 91.9 / >.9 3.6 Do Oct. 30,1940 1,740 13.0 9.9 93.1 l 1-2 J 1 1.4 J V J } 9 3.6 \ 2.6 J Do N ov. 4,1940 7,560 13.0 9.9 93.8 J 1-1 } (’) 4.5 Do Nov. 12,1940 2, 400 10. 5 10.7 95.1 1. i 1.2 1.0 (*) 6.5 7 Do Nov. 20,1940 3,240 7.0 11. 4 93.6 / -8 4.2 Do Nov. 26,1940 8,610 7.0 11.7 96.4 \ i 1. 2 / -8 1 (2) 4.2 Do . . 5.140 4.0 12.6 96.0 \ 1 1.0 J -7 \ (J) 5.5 Do Dec. 9,1940 5,530 4.0 12.5 95.0 l ‘-5 r .8 \ 1 4.3 MoTeSf 85.5 Aug. 21,1940 2 20.5 6.0 65.7 l 1 -6 1.6 / 93 7.6 117 edge of town, Waynesburg, Pa. Do do Sept. 27,1940 30 14.0 8.5 81.9 1.0 46 7.5 89 Do do Nov. 8,1940 41 5.5 11.1 87.8 1.3 46 7.3 69 MoTeSf 83.5 Aug. 21,1940 5 22 0 . 4 5.0 9.2 110,000 7.4 128 below Waynesburg, Pa. Do Sept. 27,1940 33 13.5 7.6 72.4 6.3 2,400 7.5 94 Do Nov. 8,1940 45 6. 5 10.8 87.7 2.9 9, 300 7.2 72 MoTe 75.5 Aug. 21,1940 4 20. 5 6. 7 73.5 1. 2 23 7.6 108 Marianna, Pa. Do Sept. 27,1940 18 11.5 9.0 82.0 i.i 150 7.7 131 Do. Nov, 8,1940 35 5,0 11.2 87.3 1.4 4 7.7 118 i Seeded and neutralized. 1 Less than.l. 390 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Ten Mile Creek, Yt mile below MoTe 74... Aug. 21,1940 7 20.5 6.7 73.3 3.0 1,100 7.5 27 114 144 Marianna, Pa. Do Sept. 27,1940 21 12 0 Q 4 3 2 5 2 4M Do do... Nov. 8,1940 38 6.5 11.5 93.6 2.0 91 7.6 5 122 IdU 128 Monongahela River dam No. 5, Mo 56.5.... Aug. 19,1940 730 26.0 7.3 88.8 f .5 } 2 3.7 Brownsville, Pa. l 1 >5 J Do do. Aug. 27,1940 1,600 22.5 7.8 89.1 • l 4 3. 5 Do.... do Sept. 4,1940 2,820 22.0 8.0 90.8 l 1 -2 r .6 / 1 4 5 0 Do.... Sept. 13,1940 1,700 20.5 8.3 91.4 l 1 -8 r 1.2 / 4 1 Do Sept. 17,1940 1,690 20.0 8.3 90.1 \ *-7 J .9 1 2 4.0 Do Sept. 24,1940 1,590 21.0 8.1 90.2 \ * 2.7 J ‘-I J 1 (s) 3 6 Do Oct. 2,1940 2,570 17.5 8.8 91.2 / -7 I 2 4 4 Do do. Oct. 8,1940 2,210 14.5 8.8 85.9 l ‘-6 / 11 J \ (a) 3 9 Do... Oct. 17,1940 1,150 15.0 8.7 86.1 ;.:o7 J v' } i 3 9 Do Oct. 22,1940 1,600 12.0 9.7 89.6 l 1 • 8 / 1.8 l (a) 3.8 * Do Oct. 30,1940 2,100 12.5 10.2 95.3 l 1.5 / i 1.5 I 2 3 8 Do... do Nov. 4,1940 9,760 12.5 10.0 93.0 1 2.7 / 1.6 1 (}) 4 7 Do... Nov. 12,1940 2,980 10.0 10.8 95.0 \ i 1.6 1.2 (2) 0 8 Do Nov. 20,1940 3,850 7.0 11.4 93.8 .7 fi a Do. Nov. 26,1940 9,300 7.0 11.5 94.6 / -8 } (2) 4. 3 Do.... Dec. 6,1940 5,550 4.5 12.5 96.1 1 1.8 / .3 5. 7 Do do Dec. 9,1940 5,980 3.5 12.2 91.8 l 1 • 4 .6 1 6.2 7 Table Mo-7.—Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 391 Dunlap Creek, Vi mile below mine, Fairbanks, Pa. MoDu 67 Aug. 23,1940 3 17.0 4.6 47.0 1.0 43 6.6 170 52 648 / 6.7 \ i 2.3 1.7 Do do,. Oct. 11,1940 Dec. 3,1940 2 14.5 7.1 69.0 } 4 7.0 160 79 740 Do 7 4.5 10.1 78.2 240 6.9 85 85 304 Dunlap Creek, J4 mile below Repub- lic, Pa. Aug. 23,1940 8 17.0 .1 1.1 8.0 230 6.5 103 Do Oct. 11,1940 Dec. 3,1940 Aug. 22,1940 Oct. 10,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Aug. 22,1940 10 12.5 4.3 39.9 J 10.2 \ * 1.5 J 2.3 1 « 1.8 .9 1 36 6.2 55 Do 26 4.0 8.2 62.8 } 43 6.9 85 103 Redstone Creek, below Brownfield,.. Do 0 0 1 16.0 8.5 8.1 10.0 81.6 3 6.3 10 85.3 1.0 6.5 7 Do 5.0 11.3 88.4 1.3 2 6.7 21 Redstone Creek above Treatment plant, Unjontown, Pa. 4 15.0 3.9 38.0 / 41 } 0 2.9 \ 1 2.1 r 1.4 l 7.4 / 34.3 1 14.9 / 9.2 1 1 6.6 Do Oct. 10,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Aug. 22,1940 6 10.0 7.2 63.8 } 0 } 0 } 0 1 3.2 Do 15 8.0 7.9 60.8 3.3 Redstone Creek below treatment plant, Uniontown, Pa. MnUp 71 8 16.0 9.9 99.3 3.1 130 1,180 155 Do . Oct. 10,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Aug. 22,1940 Oct. 10,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Aug. 19,1940 8 6.5 6.7 54.0 \ 111.6 / 23.9 \ i 5.7 17.5 t 0 3.1 972 Do 25 7.5 7.9 66.1 J } 1 3.5 180 776 Cove Run, at mouth, Uniontown, Pa- Do MoReC 72.5 1 15.0 3.7 30.2 4,600 7.6 17 202 195 1 8.5 4.0 34.4 5.0 2,400 7.5 8 170 178 Do 7 4.5 8.5 65.2 3.9 2,400 7.1 5 89 148 Monongahela River 'dam No. 4, Charleroi, Pa. 760 26.0 7.2 87.7 f •! 1 1 3.3 1 -5 / Do Aug. 27,1940 Sept. 4,1940 Sept. 13,1940 Sept. 17,1940 Sept. 24,1940 Oct. 2,1940 Oct. 8,1940 1, 910 22. 5 8. 4 96.5 { 1-0 1.4 } 2 3. 3 Do 2,900 1,680 1, 380 900 21.6 8.2 92.1 / 75 6.3 64 24 82 Do 20.0 8.6 93.2 / -9 ] 2 3.9 20 Do 19. 5 8.4 91.1 l 1 -5 ■:? li J 1 1.0 l 1.4 1 2.2 1 >.8 J \ 0 3.7 6 Do 21.0 7.9 87.3 } 24 3.7 8 Do 2,550 2, 220 17.5 9.0 93.3 J } 1 3.8 8 Do 17.2 8.8 91.2 } 3 3.6 7 168 Do Oct. 17,1940 Oct. 22,1940 Oct. 30,1940 1,010 1, 6.50 2,150 15.0 9.4 92.1 } 2 3.5 5 80 Do 11.5 10.2 93.5 } 2 3.5 6 92 Do 12.0 8.4 77.2 } 4 3.5 5 81 1 Seeded and neutralized. J Less than 1 1 392 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, million Con- forms, most probable per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million million Percent tion Mo 41.5 Nov. 4,1940 11,600 12.5 10.0 93.7 / 12 } (s) 4.6 4 67 Charleroi, Pa. \ 1 1.0 Do.... do Nov. 12,9140 2, 570 10.0 10.7 94.2 1.2 1 6.1 8 4 79 Do do Nov. 20,1940 4, 650 7.0 11.4 93.3 / .3 1 (!) 4. 3 5 80 Do.. Nov. 26,1940 10,600 7.0 11.2 92.2 \ * 1.0 / 1.2 } 4 4.1 16 87 Do do Dec. 5,1940 5,910 4.5 12.5 96.3 l 1 11 / 4-4 } (!) } 1 5.7 10 72 Do do Dec. 9,1940 6,040 4.0 12.1 91.9 l. 1 1. 6 / -8 4.6 8 88 MoPi 43.5 Aug. 21,1940 (*) 17.0 8.6 88.1 l 1 1.1 2.0 i 240 7.6 141 burg, Pa. Do. do Sept. 27,1940 1 9.5 10.5 92.0 2.0 93 7.6 137 Do Nov. 8,1940 2 4.5 11.9 91.6 1.4 43 7.7 123 Aug. 21,1940 2 18.5 4.4 46.3 1.8 9 7.5 127 worth, Pa. Do . . Sept. 27,1940 5 9.5 8.8 76.7 2.1 7.6 125 Do do __ Nov. 8,1940 5 5. 5 10.4 82.0 2.3 9 7.3 122 MoPi 42 Aug. 21,1940 3 17.5 8.4 86.6 2.5 1,100 7.6 125 ville, Pa. Do do Sept. 27,1940 5 9.5 9.4 81.6 3.0 240 7.5 150 Do Nov. 8,1940 8 5.5 10.9 86.2 2.0 460 7. 4 126 Pigeon Creek below last sewer, Bent- MoPi 37.5 Aug. 21,1940 3 15.5 8.7 86.3 1.9 240 7.5 8 114 231 leyville, Pa. Do. __ _do Sept. 27,1940 5 9.0 9.9 85.1 3.0 1,100 7.6 17 118 202 Do do Nov. 8,1940 9 5.0 11.3 88.0 2.0 230 7. 4 37 108 178 North Fork Pigeon Creek at mouth, MoPiNf 40 Aug. 21,1940 (>) 15.0 7.8 77.2 .5 4 6. 6 76 232 250 Bentleyville, Pa. Do do. Sept. 27,1940 1 8.5 8.1 68.8 / 7 • l \ (2) 4.6 120 954 Do.... do Nov. 8,1940 3 4.5 12.1 93.3 \ 1 2.4 2.1 J v' 9 7.5 12 139 158 Monongahela River dam No. 3, Me- Mo 23.8 Sept. 25,1940 2,100 22.0 8.1 91.7 f .9 c, 3.7 Keesport, Pa. l 1 -8 Do do Oct. 4,1940 2,200 17.5 8.6 88.9 1 4 3.7 Do do Oct. 9,1940 2,230 17.0 8.6 88.3 / 1.3 / ) 1 3.5 l 11.1 Table Mo-7.—Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Do.- do Oct. 18,1940 f Oct."23,1940 * * *"• Nov. 1,1940 Nov. 6,1940 Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 27,1910 Dec. 4,1940 Dec. 10,1940 Aug. 19,1940 Aug. 27,1940 Sept. 5,1940 Sept. 16,1940 June 18,1940 June 24,1940 July 8,1940 June 18,1940 June 24,1940 July 8,1940 July 16,1940 July 25,1940 Aug. 6,1940 July 15,1940 July 24,1940 July 24,1940 July 15,1940 July 24,1940 Aue. 2.1940 1,900 1,900'' 8,360 8,200 3,250 22,600 13,600 21,100 780 1,960 2,950 720 86 18 21 374 390 133 378 258 291 61 122 33 73 125 35 15.0 M 12.5 13.0* 12.0 10.0 7.0 3.0 5.0 28.0 23.5 23.0 20.6 19.0 17.5 14.5 20.0 18.0 16.0 20.5 24.0 25.0 18.5 21.5 21.5 18.0 21.5 20.0 9.1 8.9 9.8 9.7 10.2 11.2 12.4 12.3 2.3 3.4 7.2 7.2 7.8 8.3 9.3 7.6 8.2 8.7 8.4 7.8 7.3 8.1 7.4 7.3 8.6 7.4 8.3 89.3 83.4 92.8 89.6 90.2 91.6 92.0 96.2 29.0 39.5 82.4 79.2 83.1 85.8 90.4 82.4 86.1 87.8 92.3 91.7 86.9 86.2 83.4 81.6 89.9 83.2 90.9 / i-1 1 * 1.2 / 1.6 1 1 1.1 f 1.9 \ > 1.4 1.8 r 1.0 1 ‘.8 f 1.8 1 U.O .9 f 1.6 l LI fl ■1 f 1.5 \ * 1.6 .5 .4 5 / -6 i 1.5 / -8 l *-4 / -2 l ‘.3 / -3 1 1.4 / 1.5 \ ‘.2 / -4 l ‘.6 J 1.9 1 '.3 'i X 1 1.6 { ‘is } » } « I » 2 » * 4 } 1 } « } 2 } 2 } (2) } 1,100 240 91 } 93 } 43 } 9 } (J) ■ 15 } (2) } 110 ‘ } » } 46 1 4 3.5 3.5 3.4 6.2 4.6 6.5 6.2 5.5 3.9 3.7 4.5 3.9 5.5 6.1 6.2 5.1 5.5 4.4 5.1 5.6 4.6 3.3 4.5 3.1 3.0 3.6 3.1 & # * J Do - do Do __ do. Do do 6 Do do. Do Do... : do 7 Do.. do Monongahela River bridge above mouth of Youghiogheny River. Do Mo 16.4 do_ Do do. Do do Snowy Creek, Corinth, W. Va MoYoS 135 77 22 14 38 14 10 IS 20 31 33 24 31 36 Do do Do Youghiogheny River bridge at lower edge of Oakland, Md. Do MoYo 127.5.. 16 17 do Do Youghiogheny River above Conflu- ence, Pa. Do MoYo 88 8 Do Casselman River bridge above town, Myersdale, Pa. Do MoYoCa 116 Do Casselman River H mile below Mey- ersdale, Pa. Do MoYoCa 113 . . Do 1 Seeded and neutralized. 2 Less than 1. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Casselman River, above Garrett, Pa. MoYoCa 111 July 15,1940 82 19.0 8.2 88.0 / 04 3.0 Do do July 24,1940 140 21.5 7.3 82.3 / -9 1 46 3.4 Do.. Aug. 2,1940 38 20.5 7.6 84.0 \ * 1. 4 / *4 1 j 4 3.0 Buffalo Creek, at mouth, Garrett, Pa. MoYoCaB-lll July 15,1940 13 17.0 9.0 92.2 l *-4 ! •l J } 240 3.5 14 Do do July 24,1940 13 21.5 8.2 92.1 l 1.5 f •« 1 75 4.1 4 Do do Aug. 2,1940 6 17.5 8.9 92.5 1 1 1. 2 / -4 / \ 93 3 8 2 Casselman River, 2 miles below Gar- MoYoCa 109 July 15,1940 96 19.5 8.4 90.9 6 c) 3.2 5 rett, Pa. l l-6 Do do July 24,1940 150 22.5 7.6 86.9 ) a* ® 110 3.5 10 Do do Aug. 2,1940 44 20.5 8.2 90.6 \ * 1. 7 f -4 J 1 4 3.0 4 Casselman River, above Rockwood, MoYoCa 105.5 July 16,1940 250 19.5 8.4 90.7 l J-2 f 1.0 J I 9 3.4 Pa. l *.5 J Do July 25,1940 142 25.0 7.5 89.3 .0 \ (5) 3. 5 Do do. Aug. 6,1940 40 23.0 7.9 91.2 i ’.i / •* 2.9 Coxes Creek, above treatment plant.. MoYoCaC-114 July 15,1940- 19. 5 6.4 69.2 i ‘-j 1 '’ 150 6.6 26 Do i do July 24,1940 9 23.0 .9 10.8 3 4 2,400 6.3 38 Do ... .do Aug. 2, 1940 1 19.5 10.0 107.9 .7 23 7. 4 35 Coxes Creek, below treatment plant, MoYoCaC-111 July 15,1940 8 20.5 6.9 76 T 1.3 91 6.7 18 24 71 Somerset, Pa. Do do July 24,1940 10 23. 5 1.8 20. 5 2.9 2,400 6.4 135 44 77 Do do Aug. 2,1940 2 19.5 1.6 17. 7 47.4 4,600 6.8 80 87 Coxes Creek, at mouth, Rockwood, MoYoCaC 104.5.. July 16,1940 93 19.0 8.8 94.2 f it } 23 5.2 60 8 Pa. Do do July 25,1940 32 23.5 8.1 94.3 .5 93 6. 8 10 23 68 Do do Aug. 6, 1940 4 21.5 7.6 85.1 ( it ) 46 3.6 4 \ *. 3 / Table Mo-7.—Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 395 Casselinan Elver Bridge, below town, Eockwood, Pa. MoYoCa 104 July 16,1940 343 20.0 8.6 93.2 ( V2 } 24 3.9 l Do do. July 25,1940 Aug. 6,1940 July 16,1940 174 25.0 7.9 93.9 1 ‘-2 / -6 1 «.2 J -7 \ >.4 } 46 3.8 Do. do 45 23.5 8.1 93.8 J } 0 9 2.9 2 Casselman Eiver at mouth, Conflu- MoYoCa 87. 322 20.0 8.6 93.8 3.9 7 enec, Pa. Do do. July 25,1940 Aug. 6, 1940 July 16,1940 248 23.0 8.0 92.6 l *. 2 J .5 \ u .7 ) 2 3.9 3 Do do. 87 23.5 7.9 91.5 / } 0 460 3. 7 3 Laurel Hill Creek at mouth, Conflu- MoYoLa 86.5 230 19.0 8.7 93.4 7.0 50 23 31 ence, Pa. Do do July 25,1940 Aug. 6,1940 July 16,1940 75 23. 5 8.2 95.8 .3 4 7.0 4 17 17 7 28 Do 32 22.5 7.8 89.3 .2 4 6.9 5.1 7 31 Youghiogheny Eiver, l/t mile below Confluence, Pa. MoYo 84.5 930 21.0 8.4 93.0 <1 } 46 8 Do do_. July 25,1940 Aug. 6,1940 Aug. 30,1940 581 25.0 7.9 94.3 t ‘-3 .6 } 4 5.6 4 Do do 410 25.5 7.3 88.3 ) 15 4.7 5 Youghiogheny Eiver water plant in- take above Connellsville, Pa. MoYo 59 2, 470 19.0 8.8 93.8 J 24 6.8 8 Do... do Oct. 1,1940 308 13.0 9.5 89.8 . 5 0 0 1,100 6.9 6 Do do Nov. 18', 1940 Aug. 30,1940 1,005 2.0 13.2 95.1 1.1 7.1 8 MoYoM 58 3 20.5 8.5 93.4 .6 7.4 4 31 124 ville, Pa. Do do Oct. 1,1940 3 12.0 10.0 92.0 .6 43 7.3 3 24 129 Do Nov. 18,1940 Aug. 30,1940 10 1.0 13.3 93.3 2 2 460 7.3 5 32 80 32 Youghiogheny Eiver, J4 mile below Connellsville, Pa. MoYo 57.... 2,490 19.5 8.4 90.5 2.0 2,400 6.7 16 12 Do Oct. 1,1940 308 13.0 9.7 91.4 .4 36 7.0 4 2 42 Do Nov. 18' 1940 Dec. 3,1940 1,020 2 2.0 13.2 95.2 1.6 1,100 9 6.9 3 12 42 Dickerson Eun, Y mile above Vanderbilt, Pa. MoYoD 53.5 1.5 13.2 94.2 1.0 7.4 168 Dickerson Eun, upper edge of Vanderbilt, Pa. MoYoD 53 Aug. 30,1940 14 19.5 8.7 93.7 .7 240 7.0 58 / 3.5 l >3.0 2.6 Do Oct. 1.1940 (») (2) (2) 11.0 9.5 85.5 ) 23 4.6 Do Nov. 18,1940 Dec. 3,1940 1.5 13.3 94.9 J 2,400 7.9 144 Dickerson Eun, West Branch, upper edge of Vanderbilt, Pa. MoYoD Wb-53 1.5 13.0 92.7 f 1.8 1 >2.2 } 460 5.6 16 309 Dickerson Eun, 1 mile below town, Vanderbilt, Pa. MoYoD 52 Aug. 30,1940 2 19.5 8.5 92.1 1.0 2,400 7.6 20 74 224 Do Oct. 1,1940 Nov. 18,1940 Dec. 3,1940 0 1 11.5 9.5 86.5 .9 36 7.4 4 46 294 Do.. 2.0 13.0 93.6 2.0 460 7.5 6 86 267 Do 3 0 13.1 89.5 4.6 1,100 7.3 40 115 230 1 Seeded and neutralized. 2 Less than 1. 396 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Washington Run, J4 mile above MoYoW 51 Aug. 30,1940 <*) 20.0 6.9 75.4 1.3 240 7.5 22 town, Star Junction, Pa. Do ___ do Oct. 1,1940 Nov. 18,1940 Aug. 30,1940 0 0 0 12. 0 6. 7 61.8 1. 6 23 7.5 7.5 4.8 • 230 205 Do _ ___do 5.0 9.3 73.0 1.2 4 Washington Run, mile below Star Junction, Pa. MoYoW 49.5 20.5 7.2 79.7 f 1.1 } 7 27 268 l 9 J * Do Oct. 1,1940 Nov. 18,1940 Sept. 3,1940 (2) 1 12 5 6.6 61.5 72.4 55.5 .9 2.8 5.6 23 24 2,400 6.7 6.5 6.9 14 17 32 41 76 273 270 Do . 4.0 19.5 9.5 5.1 Shutes Run, upper edge of town, MoYoJaS 62 1 Mount Pleasant, Pa. Do Sept. 26,1940 Sept. 3,1940 1 10.5 8.4 74.8 2.8 1,100 240,000 7.1 7.3 104 187 Shutes Run, mile below last sewer, MoYoJaS 60 1 18.5 0 0 147.0 170 266 Mount Pleasant, Pa. Do Sept. 26,1940 Sept. 3,1940 2 11.0 4.2 38.3 70.4 62.4 1.0 46,000 23 7.4 6.3 115 169 20 265 Jacob Creek, upper edge of Scottdale, MoYoJa 55.5 13 19.0 6.6 Pa. Do do Sept. 26,1940 Sept. 3,1940 31 12.5 8.5 79.1 1.9 93 i 7 6.8 5.4 16 Jacob Creek, H mile below Scottdale, Pa. Do MoYoJa 53 17 18.5 4.7 50.2 f 1.0 l >1-1 2.1 / ’4 l '-6 14 14 Sept. 26,1940 Sept. 19,1940 37 12.0 8 0 74.3 84.9 J 75 } 0 6.4 4.5 9 94 Youghiogheny River, upper edge of West Newton, Pa. MoYo 35 845 18.0 8.1 Do _ _-_do.- Nov. 7,1940 3,150 5,720 7.0 10.9 89. 4 1.8 46 24 } > 7.2 6.6 4.5 • Do do. Dec. 2,1940 2.5 12.6 91.9 1.6 13 Youghiogheny River, H mile below West Newton, Pa. MoYo 33 Sept. 19,1940 845 18.0 8.2 85.7 / .6 77 l 6 Do Nov. 7,1940 Dec. 2,1940 Sept. 18,1940 150 5,720 6 7.5 2.5 16.0 10.7 12.6 22.4 89.1 92.2 224.6 1.9 .8 j 3.3 l 1 • 8 46 24 } 0 7.1 6.7 2.7 4 4 6 7 51 45 Do Jacks Run, upper edge of Greens- MoYoSJ 58 burg, Pa. Do Oct. 29,1940 0 10 8.5 6.1 52.0 j 17.4 } 0 } 36 2.9 3.5 Jacks Run, above mouth Slate Creek, MoYoSJ 53.5 Oct. 15,1940 15.5 12.8 127.3 \ i 4. 2 / 160.8 l 22.0 220 2,400 Greensburg, Pa. Do do_ Oct. 25,1940 Nov. 1,1940 12. 5 5. 3 49.5 0 J 140.0 } 36 } 240, 000 ■ 3.5 6.3 180 950 2,820 296 Do... do 10 13.5 0 \ » 74.0 f 161.0 51 1 U70.0 Do Nov. 7,1940 9 10 j 11.0 9.2 83.1 / 148.4 } 23 3.5 180 2,260 l 1 53.4 Table Mo-7.—Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION" CONTROL 397 Do do_ Nov. 15,1940 9 9.5 14.4 125.6 f 116.0 \ 9 3.5 190 2,510 \ « 33. 6 / 2 Do Nov. 22,1940 9 15.0 13.2 130.0 / 138.8 l o 3.5 150 2,380 \ i 40. 0 I 2 Do Nov. 28,1940 19 6.5 7.7 62.8 / 72.0 } 360 4.4 70 1,540 \ 1 17. 5 Do do Dec. 2,1940 Oct. 15,1940 18 5.5 10.6 83.6 / 112.8 } 23 15,000 4.1 110 1,670 Slate Creek, at mouth, Greensburg, MoYoSJS 54.5.... 1 13.5 0 0 \ »31.8 45.9 7.2 75 107 101 Pa. 6.9 99 Do do_ _ Oct. 25,1940 Nov. 1,1940 9.5 2.4 21.2 29.6 26.8 6.8 14.5 14.8 4.8 17.9 9, 300 2,400 430 11,000 4,600 390 1,500 80 86 Do . do 6 10.5 6.6 58.9 6.9 70 59 96 Do do Nov. 7,1940 6 8.5 10.4 88.8 7.3 10 50 80 Do . do__ Nov. 15,1940 3 5.0 10.5 81.9 6.9 9 57 136 Do do Nov. 22,1940 3 12.0 ' 8.6 79.2 7.2 32 66 116 Do do_ Nov. 28,1940 23 3.5 11.8 88.8 6.9 22 27 88 Do do_ Dec. 2,1940 5 2.5 12.0 87.6 7.0 24 46 Jacks Run, below Slate Run, below Greensburg, Pa. MoYoSJ 53 Sept. 18,1940 11 13.0 6.8 64.1 f 4.6 } (a) 3.1 320 { i 1.6 798 Do . do_ Sept. 24,1940 7 14.5 6.6 64.3 / 5.6 * 3.5 125 \ 1 4.6 Do Sept. 24,1940 7 19.0 0 0 / 184.6 } 2,400 4.7 1,500 384 \ U38.4 Do Sept. 27,1940 8 10.5 7.1 62.9 / 6.8 } (a) 3.3 90 1,810 \ i 5.3 Do Sept. 27,1940 Oct. 29,1940 Sept. 3,1940 7 17.5 10.6 109.9 l 4.7 3.3 72 2,040 Do 4 11.0 5.6 50.4 / i 6.5 / 33.2 J 4 \ i 3.3 145 852 Jacks Run, upper edge of Young- wood, Pa. MnYnSF 52 5 13 16.5 .9 8.8 \ i 32.0 12.9 1 36 6.3 5 Do Sept. 26,1940 Sept. 3,1940 16 10.0 8.6 75.7 8.6 } 24 1,500 6.0 19 Jacks Run, below last sewer, Young- wood, Pa. MoYoSJ 51 15 16.5 1.0 9.6 i 7.8 13.1 6.4 88 3 316 Do do_ Sept. 26,1940 Sept. 3,1940 Sept. 26,1940 17 10.0 9.0 79.1 f 9.0 } 93 } (a) 6.0 125 12 472 Sewickley Creek, above mouth Jacks Rim, Youngwood, Pa. MoYoS 51 28 15.5 7.8 77.3 \ 1 7.4 ( 7.2 3.3 190 { i 1.7 Do 36 10.0 9.6 84.7 1 8.6 } (a) 3.7 200 | i 2.2 Youghiogheny River, bridge above Versailles, Pa. MoYo 20 Sept. 19,1940 865 18.0 7.8 81.8 f .7 l o 3.8 { '.6 } 2 Do Nov. 7,1940 Dec. 2,1940 Sept. 19,1940 3,210 5, 770 865 6.5 10.6 86.4 1.3 16 7.0 8 Do 1.5 12.2 86.9 .2 21 6.2 9 Youghiogheny River, 1 mile below Versailles, Pa. MnYn 18 18.5 7.6 80.5 f .6 } 2 3.8 l 1 -6 Do Nov. 7,1940 Dec. 2,1940 3,210 6.5 10.4 84.7 1.8 4 7.1 5 Do 5,780 2.0 12.2 88.1 .7 24 6.2 8 1 Seeded and neutralized. 1 Less than 1. 398 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Dato discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness parts per million Youghiogheny River, at mouth Mc- Keesport, Pa. MoYo 16.3 Aug. 19,1940 425 25.0 6.2 73.7 VI I 2 3.5 17 J Do do Aug. 27,1940 Sept. 5,1940 Sept. 16,1940 Sept. 25,1940 Oct. 4,1940 Oct. 9,1940 3,200 18.5 7.2 76.1 i ».4 / .2 f 8 3.5 75 Do do___ 1,050 21.0 7.4 81.8 J } 2 4.1 18 Do do 875 18.0 7.6 79.1 l ‘.4 J 1.4 \ * 1.0 r 1.2 \ 1 1.0 I l.i l >.6 r l.i J \ 110 4.0 14 Do ... . do_ 490 17.0 7.2 74.0 ) } 2 3.4 7 Do do 883 15.0 8.6 84.5 } 1 3.1 20 Do do 610 14.5 8.4 81.5 J } (2) 1 24 3.3 8 220 Do do___ Oct. 18,1940 530 11.0 8.6 77.7 \ ‘.5 f 3.5 \ U.2 J 1.4 1 ‘-6 f 1.8 \ 1 1.2 1.0 3.6 140 Do do__ Oct. 23,1940 Nov. 1,1940 Nov. 6,1940 Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 27,1940 Dec. 4,1940 Dec. 10,1940 Sept. 18,1940 485 9.5 10.1 88.2 J } (*) I 4 4.0 14 186 Do do_ 2,550 10.5 9.7 86.9 4.6 18 94 Do do__ 2,800 9.0 10.6 91.7 J 2 6.9 14 6 66 Do do 1,480 7.5 9.5 79.3 { ■:? 1.4 I 2 4.5 . 14 157 Do do__ 5,880 9.0 10.6 91.6 j 15 6.2 105 13 90 Do .. do_ 3,420 0 13.1 89.6 .6 2 6.2 55 9 118 Do do 3,830 1 5.0 12.1 94.7 .6 4 6.2 50 10 124 Brush Creek, upper edge of Jeanette, Pa. MoTuB 31 17.0 9.5 97.3 .8 15 7.7 44 Do . do ._ Oct. 29,1940 do___ (3) 2 8.5 10.3 87.9 6.1 46 7.3 58 Brush Creek, above treatment plant, Jeanette, Pa. 16.5 2.1 21.0 85.8 24,000. 7.9 95 146 111 MoTuB 27.5. Sept. 18,1940 7 22.0 1.0 11.1 53.3 46,000 7.1 41 141 110 ment plant, Jeanette, Pa. Do do_ Oct. 29,1940 5 13.5 0 0 50.7 110,000 } (s) 7.3 182 MoTuB 25 Sept. 19,1940 13 18.0 7.9 82.6 f 6.8 l 16.2 3.2 Table Mo-7.—Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Do _ _ do. Nov. 7,1940 12 6.5 10.8 87.9 J 2.5 I 24 3.3 \ 1 3. 4 J Do... do Dec. 2,1940 30 2.5 11.8 86.4 ) 2-1 } 240 3.5 Brush Creek, Yi mile below Irvin, Pa. MoTuB 23 Sept. 19,1940 15 16.5 7.7 78.4 / 6.2 } 2 3.6 225 557 Do do. Nov. 7,1940 18 8.0 10.2 85.8 J 15.4 J 1 8 3.4 190 704 Do .. do. Dec. 2,1940 38 4.5 11.4 87.7 / .?■! 1 1 240 3.8 150 382 Turtle Creek, upper edge of Export, MoTu 28.. Sept. 18,1940 1 18.5 6.4 67.7 / 5.e / } (2) 2.8 Pa. Do do Oct. 29,1940 (2) 8.5 8.4 71.8 / .4.8 i \ (2) 3.1 MoTu 25.5 Sept. 18,1940 4 14.0 7.8 74.8 \ 1 2. 5 r 2.5 1 \ (») 2.9 87 472 Pa. Do do Oct. 29,1940 2 9.0 9.7 83.4 l '.6 / 2-4 } (2) 3.1 16 599 MoTu 18.5 Sept. 6,1940 10 21.5 8.2 92.3 l 1 1.6 J -7 J } (2) 2.9 Trafford, Pa. l !.6 Do do Oct. 28,1940 6 8.5 11.1 94.5 i . y [ (2) 3.2 Do do. Nov. 28,1940 165 2.0 12.5 90.6 i 11.1 .8 J 4 6.0 4 MoTu 17.5 Sept. 6,1940 12 21.0 4.0 44.3 f 50 } 240 3.3 Creek, below Trafford, Pa. J Do do. Oct. 28,1940 6 10.5 8.3 74.4 } 150 3.5 Do do Nov. 28,1940 170 2.0 12.6 91.4 1.9 430 6.0 5 MoTu 16.. Sept. 6,1940 38 20.0 5.4 58.5 / 6.4 \ (2) 3.3 Pa. Do do Oct. 28,1940 153 8.5 8.9 76.0 l 1 7.4 f 10.1 1 (J) 3.2 Do do Nov. 28,1940 309 2.5 12.2 89. 1 1.2 J v 91 6. 1 7 Turtle Creek, upper edge of Turtle MoTu 14.5 Sept. 6 1940 53 19.0 4. 1 44.2 / 6.0 } (2) 2.9 Creek, Pa. \ 1 5.9 Do do Oct. 28,1940 31 9.5 9.7 84.9 \ (2) 2.9 Do do... Nov. 28,1940 314 2.5 12.3 90.0 \ ' 6.0 2.1 1,100 6.2 8 MoTu 12... Sept. 6,1940 56 24.0 2.8 33.2 / 5.1 l 4 2. 9 47 451 Turtle Creek, Pa. l ' 15. 0 1 Do do. Oct. 28,1940 34 13.0 5.5 51.9 J 1“A ( i 2 3.2 65 478 Do Nov. 28,1940 321 3.0 11.6 85.7 3.3 J 36 6. 2 65 9 199 Mo 11.2 Aug. 19,1940 1.200 19.0 5.4 57.5 1 1 3.5 8 Pittsburgh, Pa. 1 • 2 1 Do do Aug. 27,1940 5,200 24.0 6.0 70.0 46 3.7 3 Do do.. Sept. 5,1940 4,060 23.5 7.3 84.7 \ '.5 / 1.3 / \ 4 3.9 8 1 Seeded and neutralized. \ 1 1.0 / 1 * Less than 1. 00035—44—pt. 2 17 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Monongabela River dam No. 2, Pittsburgh, Pa. Mo 11.2 Sept. 16,1940 1,650 21.0 7.1 79.3 / 14 } » 3.9 v \ 1 1.2 Do. Sept. 25,1940 2,620 3,090 2,840 2,450 2,450 12,400 23.0 6.0 69.5 78.4 66.5 67.9 / } 9 l ? 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.4 6.7 4.2 5.3 6.4 6.1 7.4 Do . Oct. 4,1940 Oct. 9,1940 Oct. 18,1940 19.0 7.3 \ ' 1. 5 / 1-4 Do 20.0 6 1 \ ' 1.0 J ,!'4 J Do 18.5 6. 4 \ « 1.0 / 2.2 J \ 2 159 Do... Oct.. 23,1940 Nov. 1,1940 Nov. 6,1940 Nov. 13,1940 13.5 7.6 72.1 \ ' 1. 5 / 1.8 J z } » } 24 Do.... 13.5 9.1 86.5 \ ’1.0 1 2.4 Do 11,130 4,800 29, 500 17,600 25, 900 12.5 9.4 88.0 81.4 86.9 90.2 91.9 82.4 l '1.8 1.1 / 1.8 Do 10.7 9.1 } 14 Do Nov. 27,1940 Dec. 4,1940 6.5 10.7 \ '1.3 I P5 Do 3.5 12.0 \ ' 1.3 1.7 2.8 1.4 / 4 10 11 103 Do _ .do Dec. 10.1940 5. 5 11.6 19 1,100 Nine Mile Run, upper edge of Wil- kinsburg, Pa. MoNi 10 Sept. 6,1940 17.0 8.0 Do Oct. 28,1940 Nov. 28,1940 Sept. 6,1940 1 12.0 6.5 17.0 7.6 10.6 6.0 69.7 2.0 230 7.7 125 Nine Mile Run, 4 miles below Wil- MoNi 6.5 1 86.0 61.7 1. 5 / 2.7 240 l 4 7.5 97 176 kinsbure, Pa. 1 ’ 2. 1 J 4 Do Oct. 28,1940 11.0 4.8 43.0 / 7.8 } 15 9.6 15 58 178 l >8.4 Do Nov. 28,1940 9.5 7.5 65.8 / 7.2 } 1,100 9.4 57 l ' 7.0 / i.o ! Monongaheia River, at mouth, Pitts- burgh, Pa. Mo 0.05 Sept. 16, 1940 1,650 20.0 4.6 49.9 l 43 5.5 55 137 1 '.8 ! Do Sept. 25,1940 2, 620 24.0 1.3 15.7 1 2. 1 j } 11 3.8 6 l '3.3 J 1.4 Do Oct. 4,1940 3,090 I 19.5 5.2 55.8 * 3.7 14 l '1.4 I Table Mo-7.—Monongahela River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Do . - do Oct. 0,1940 Oct. 18,1940 2,840 19.5 3.8 41.3 f 1.6 ) 240 4.4 12 143 Do . do 2,450 18.5 3.6 38.6 \ 1 1.7 2.2 J 23 3.9 12 14 Do - do Oct. 23,1940 Nov. 1.1940 2,450 17.0 3.9 39.8 r 3.1 \ ' 1.8 J 2.9 1 > 1.8 1.3 I 4 3.9 4 94 Do do 12.400 15.0 7.9 77.9 I 4 3.5 4 142 Do Nov. 6,1940 11,130 12.5 10. 1 93.9 J 9 6.6 4 5 76 Do do Nov. 13,1940 4,800 12.0 7.7 71.0 / 2.9 \ '2.6 3.0 } 46 4.3 18 100 Do - do Nov. 27, 1940 29, 500 7.0 9.6 79.0 J 46 6.1 16 8 103 Do . do Dec. 4,1940 17, 000 4.0 12.2 92.8 2.4 9 6 3 4 10 68 Do do Dec. 10,1940 25,900 4.0 11.3 86. 1 1.8 2 6.3 5 18 82 1 Seeded and neutralized. } Less than 1. 402 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Stream Sampling point Month, 1940 Num- ber of sam- ples pH Acidity, parts per million Iron, parts per million Methyl red Phenol Hot phthalein Cold Ferrous Total Brown Creek Mouth, Two Lick, W. Va., mile 166 June 2 2.9 252 406 324 6 7 July... 1 3.2 lfi4 15.0 50 West Fork River__. Above Clarksburg, W. Va., mile 160 May 3 6.2 11 June 3 6.7 6 July 1 6.5 2 Elk Creek May 3 6.8 17 1 2 June 3 6.9 4 July.... 1 6.4 2 Anmore Creek Below Anmore, W. Va., mile 165.. May 1 3.2 60 122. 108 June 4 4.1 2 106 2 151 107 July 1 6.3 2 Elk Creek West Pike St. Branch. Clarksburg, W. Va., mile 159 July 1 4.6 18 56 37 May 3 6.2 15 June 3 6.4 10. 7 July... 2 5.9 35 14. 5 Adamston Branch, Clarksburg, W. Va., mile 158.. May 3 6.3 12 1 4.0 June 3 6.7 6.4 July. 1 6.0 2.0 Limestone Run Below milk plant, Clarksburg, W. Va., mile 157 May... 1 4.4 9 72 32 June 4 5.0 > 17 183 43 1.6 22 July... 1 5.6 12 12 West Fork River Perry Mines, W. Va., mile 155 May 3 6.3 15 June 3 6.6 7 i 5.6 July 1 6.1 2 Above Zeising, W. Va., mile 150 May 3 5.7 * 10 19 June 3 6.4 8 July 2 5.2 i 17 i 41 15 3 7 Simpson Creek .. Above Bridgeport, W. Va., mile 162 May 1 2.9 182 305 252 June 4 3.0 302 340 312 3.47 44 July... 1 3.1 38 48 44 Below Bridgeport, W. Va., mile 156 May 1 3.1 110 178 144 June 4 3.2 148 226 202 22 July 1 3.4 44 52 48 40 Ten Mile Creek Below Salem, W. Va., mile 168.5 May 1 7.1 14 June 4 6.9 12 i 1.6 July 1 6.4 2 Below East Salem, W. Va., mile 167.5 May.. 1 7.0 8 June 4 6.8 9. 5 i 1.4 July 1 6.4 ' ' 2 Above Lumberport, W. Va., mile 148 May 1 5.8 6 June 4 6.4 fi 2 ] i 7.0 i ! July 1 6.1 6.0 1 Table Mo-7A.—Monongahela River Basin: Laboratory data—Acid stream results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 403 West Fork Rivfcr, mile 128.1 Mouth, Lumberport, W. Va., mile 147 May 1 4 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 4 1 1 4 1 2 3 2 3 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 1 2 2 4 5 4 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 4.6 5.7 5.6 3.9 4.4 3.5 3.8 4.6 5.7 3.6 4.8 3.5 4.9 3.9 2.5 5.7 4.7 4.6 6.6 6.8 5.9 6.4 6.8 5.8 5.8 6.4 1 6.6 4.5 4.0 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.6 4. 7 4.9 4.0 4.9 4.4 4.4 5.0 4.5 3.3 3.4 3.8 4.3 4.1 6.7 6.7 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.3 4.8 4. 6 8 ' 16 14 8.5 6 68 16 32 66 18 16 42 32 44 * 16 39 1,318 4.5 25 16 8 4.5 2 4 . 5 2 9 7.3 12 16 44 12 13 16 20 11 14 39 8 40 17 12 16 46 43 20 14 18 .5 *3.0 1.4 Below Ten Mile Creek, mile June i 6 July 42 10 17 41 -8 2 105 1* ' Grassy Run (Tygart River) Below Shinnston, W. Va., ntiJS » July May. .. 40 82 u 8 Above Worthington, W. Va.; mile 538 June July May.. 30 54 44 3 58 i 20 46 Below Monongah, W. Va., mile 132 . June.. 26 i 30 32 7 Mouth, Fairmont, W. Va., mile 128 June 3 7.5 May Mouth, Norton, W. Va., mile 202 June 25 3 1.4 800 .67 .Tnlv 3.2 Three Forks Creek Grafton, W. Va., mile 149.5.. i 4 33 21 Monongahela River Highway bridge in Fairmont, W. Va., mile 126.7 May Buffalo Creek, mile 125.0... Above Mannington, W. Va., mile 145 . June • 18 .2 Monongahela River Below Mannington, W. Va., mile 140.7 June July May.. Mouth, Fairmont, W. Va., mile 127 June 3.4 July May.. i 22 1 24 18 20 53 19 21 23 3 26 18 21 46 15 47 *26 Railroad bridge below Fairmont. W. Va.. mile 124 2 June May Deckers Creek, mile 101.0 Lock and dam No. 11, Morgfcntown, W. Va., mile 104.1... Above Sabraton, W. Va., mile 104 June i 14 i 60 39 2 9 » 12 3 13 i 6 36 J 52 37 3 1.6 May June » 1.3 1.2 Monongahela River Below shirt factory, Morgantown, W. Va., mile 103 May Mouth, Morgantown, W. Vfi., mile 101 June 1.2 Branch in Morgantown, W. Va., mile 100 9 June 1.2 May .... Blackwater River (Cheat River Basin), mile 170.8. Star City (Ferry), W. Va., mile 97.7 June i 1.6 Lock and dam No. 8, Point Marion, Pa., mile 90 6 June 1 7 3 1.8 May Davis, W. Va., mile 183 : June 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.3 2 1.7 2.2 .79 .66 1.22 August 37 35 18 7 i 7 53 44 21 15 l 22 September.. October November.. December... Above Thomas, W. Va., milfc 181 July 10 8 9 26 13 17 Below Thomas, W. Va., mile 180 ... . July 12 34 3.8 5.4 3.9 1; 7 Mouth, Hendricks, W. Va., mile 171 July i 11 22 July 11 sample. • 3 samples. * 2 samples 404 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Stream Sampling point Month, 1940 Num- ber of sam- ples Pn Acidity, parts per million Iron, parts per million Methyl red Phenolphthalein Ferrous Total Hot Cold Between Kingwood and Albright, W. Va., mile 118.5 June 2 3.6 34 52 45 4.0 July 1 3.3 88 0.30 Cheat River, mile 89.1 Ices Ferry, W. Va., mile 100.5 May 1 6.5 6 June 2 6.3 4 Mouth, Point Marion, Pa., mile 89.1 May 1 6.4 8 June 2 5.0 1 16 i 32 13 1.7 Monongahela River _ Lock and dam No. 7, mile 84.8. May 1 5.7 16 June 2 4.1 l 20 i 35 19 1 4 0 August 2 3.3 34 49 43 2 5 September.. 4 3.8 25 35 31 1.4 October 5 3 8 11 21 16 1 9 November.. 2 4.5 4 11 9 1.6 December... 2 4.2 » 6 J 20 18 2.2 Above Fairchance, Pa., mile 96.0 August 1 3.9 26 48 40 1 4 October 1 5.3 12 26 15 3 3 November... 1 5.3 12 4 5 Below Smithfleld, Pa., mile 91.5 - — August 1 3.6 45 75 60 6 October 1 4.2 ' 20 67 37 1 5 December... 1 5.6 16 4 4 Greensboro, Pa., mile 84. . October 2 5.5 i 60 75 66 • 8 0 22 Below Masontown, Pa., mile 81 - . August 1 2.5 1,978 296 2.510 108 397 October 1 2.5 1,870 2,734 2,374 127 367 December .. 1 2.9 2,064 90 345 Lock and dam No. 6, mile 68.3 August 2 3.3 43 60 54 2 3 September-. 4 3.4 34 45 49 1.5 October 5 3.6 20 30 27 1 2 November.. 3 4.3 10 20 19 1.7 December... 2 4.9 i 2 i 15 14 1.1 August 2 3.6 22 33 30 1 2 September.. 4 4.2 l 22 * 34 32 .9 October 5 3.9 14 23 19 1. 4 November.. 2 4.5 7 21 15 2.2 December... 1 5. 7 3 16 12 1.5 October 1 7.0 37 12 24 fi __.do 1 6.2 2 172 237 78 3 103 December... 1 6.9 90 12 56 August 1 2. 9 533 1,016 965 lfio 425 October 1 3.2 1,076 1,682 1, 416 155 361 November.. 1 3.3 1,180 286 428 August 1 3.1 308 759 660 159 310 October 1 3.1 334 786 650 136 175 . November.. 1 3.5 640 164 258 Table Mo-7A.—Monongahela River Basin: Laboratory data—Acid stream results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 405 2 3. 3 43 69 55 2.4 September.. 3 3.8 20 34 27 1.9 5 3. 6 22 35 29 1. 5 November.. 3 4.3 8 18 20 5.1 2 5. 1 i 11 11 4 North Fork Piegon Creek _ Mouth, Bentleyville, Pa., mile40 September.. 1 4.6 65 435 467 158 159 Monongahela River _ Lock and dam No. 3, mile 23.8 do 1 3.7 19 34 28 1.4 October 4 3.6 19 30 27 1.9 November.. 3 4.5 13 23 18 5.4 1 5. 5 18 1.8 4.8 Above mouth Youghiogheny, mile 16. August. 2 3.8 26 55 43 3.1 September.. 2 4. 2 7 18 27 3.4 Snowy Creek (Youghiogheny) June 1 5.5 7 8 3. 8 Youghiogheny River .... . do. 2 5.3 14 13 4.3 July . 1 4. 4 17 1.3 Above Confluence, Pa., mile 86. do_ 2 5.3 9 6 .4 A ugust 1 4.4 3 2.4 Casselman River Above Meyersdale, Pa., mile 116 July 2 3.9 i 63 i 110 103 6.7 27.3 1 3.1 112 6 7 July.. 2 3.3 60 91 79 5. 7 26 August 1 3. 1 116 2.2 9 July 2 3.2 52 80 67 1.68 15 1 3.0 100 22 Buffalo Creek. . . Mouth, Garrett, Pa., mile 111 July 2 3.5 20 40 29 * 1.9 3 7 August 1 3.8 19 .8 July 2 3.4 42 68 55 1.1 4.6 August 1 3.0 87 4. 2 Above Rockwood, Pa., mile 105.5 July. 2 3.4 36 65 51 3.7 August 1 2.9 121 4. 4 Coxes Creek.. Mouth, Rockwood, Pa., mile 104.5 July. 1 5.2 43 1.2 3.8 August 1 3.6 12 9 9 Casselman River, mile 85.5 .. Below Rockwood, Pa., mile 104 July 2 3.8 20 43 32 /> n August. 1 2.9 119 5. 4 Mouth, Confluence, Pa., mile 87 July. 2 3.9 15 28 22 1. 2 August 1 3.7 32 2. 8 Youghiogheny River Below Confluence, Pa., mile 84.5 July 2 5.4 8 6 1.1 August 1 4. 7 3 1. 2 Dickerson Run. Upper edge, Vanderbilt, Pa., mile 53.5. October 1 4.6 38 80 56 8. 0 West Branch Dickerson Run.. __/_’do December... 1 5.6 22 4.4 August 1 4.8 3 34 30 2 8 6 6 Below Scottdalo, Pa., mile 53 September.. 1 5.4 2 20 18 4 6 Youghiogheny River Above West Newton, Pa., mile 35 do 1 4.5 3 12 7 3. 7 do 1 4.5 4 10 10 3.3 Jacks Run.. Above Greensburg, Pa., mile 58 do 1 2.7 4,990 8, 720 8.420 2,247 2.406 October 1 2.9 850 1,400 1,360 105 193 do 2 3.5 1, 540 3.710 3, 492 933 998 N ovembor.. 5 4.2 '795 1,966 L 772 608 648 December... 1 4. 1 1,100 2, 520 2,900 698 700 Below mouth Slates Creek, mile 53... September.. 5 3.6 783. 1,737 1,659 422 476 October 1 3.3 580 1,220 1,010 131 166 Above Youngwood, Pa., mile 52.5 September.. 1 6.0 143 168 56 63 Below Youngwood, Pa., mile 51 do 1 6.0 151 163 55 62 11 sample. s 3 samples. 3 2 samples. 406 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Stream Sampling point Month, 1940 Num- ber of sam- ples pH Acidity parts per million Iron, parts per million Methyl red Phenolphthalein Ferrous Total Hot Cold Sewickley Creek, mile 33.1 __ Above mouth Jacks Run, Youngwood, Pa., mile 51 September.. 2 3.5 190 385 344 56 143 Above Versailles, Pa., mile 20.. do 1 3.8 19 37 30 6. 2 do 1 3.8 19 34 28 3. 3 August 2 3.5 35 73 55 11.8 7 September.. 3 3.8 22 40 31 i.8 3.9 October 4 3.6 45 76 66 24 2 6.0 November.. 2 4.5 8 24 20 i 5.2 16 September. 1 3. 2 452 605 545 4.0 127 October 1 3.3 245 359 312 1.6 75 November.. 1 3.5 150 228 183 .4 51 Below Irwin, Pa., mile 23 September.. 1 3.6 246 504 457 77 121 October 1 3.4 261 488 438 • 72 118 November.. 1 3.8 150 302 300 60 82 September.. 1 2.8 1,120 1,550 1.360 93 182 October 1 3.1 990 1,660 1,249 24 374 Below Export, Pa., mile 25.5 September.. 1 2.9 650 890 840 15 99 October 1 3.1 650 1,350 839 8 175 Above Trafford, Pa., mile 18.5 September.. 1 3.9 139 179 159 9 October 1 3.2 213 300 248 24 Below Trafford, Pa., mile 17.5 September.. 1 3.3 98 142 135 7 12 October 1 3.5 151 235 194 5 16 Above Pitcairn, Pa., mile 16 September.. 1 3.3 239 313 294 5.5 40 October. ... 1 3.2 365 623 498 85 130 Above Turtle Creek, Pa., mile 14.5 September.. 1 2.9 186 247 233 6.5 36 October. ... 1 2.9 300 422 367 28 70 Below Turtle Creek, Pa., mile 12 September-_ 1 2.9 157 234 223 13 37 October 1 3.2 220 365 318 54 72 Lock and dam No. 2, mile 11.2 August 2 3.6 34 65 49 2. 7 September.. 3 3.9 15 29 25 4.3 October 4 3.7 26 43 33 1.8 5 November.. 3 4.3 13 27 21 5.6 Mouth, mile 0.05 September.. 2 4.4 8 22 22 i 2.1 4.2 October 4 4.0 18 35 30 i 3.5 3.7 November.. 2 3.6 17 34 31 1 5.8 5.0 1 1 sample. 2 3 samples. 3 2 samples. Table Mo-7A.—Monongahela River Basin: Laboratory data—Acid stream results—Continued BEAVER RIVER BASIN 407 CONTENTS Contents 409 Syllabus and conclusions . 411 Description 413 Presentation of field data 414 Presentation of laboratory data 417 Hvdrometric data 421 Discussion 424 Page B-l.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 412 B-2.—Surface water supplies 414 B-3.—Sources of pollution 415 B-4.—Industrial wastes 417 B-5.—Selected laboratory results 418 B-5a.—Laboratory results of taste and odor survey 419 B-6.—Monthly mean summer flows 421 B-7.—Summary of laboratory data 427 LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES B-l.—Map—Sources of pollution 411 B-2.—Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 416 B-3.—Map—Coliform results 420 B-4.—Map—Dissolved oxygen results 420 B-5.—Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results 420 B-6.—Chart—Summer low-flow frequency curve 422 409 Fig. B-l MAHONING VALLEY WARREN TO LOWELLVILLE LEGEND Areas of Circles Proportional to Population Equivalent of Waste* Bsfore Treatment As Discharqed (Face p.411) GPO- 43 0 - 90035 Radii Population Equivalent RAAAAA Fig. B-l beaver basin SOURCES OF POLLUTION OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 BEAVER RIVER BASIN Syllabus and Conclusions SYLLABUS The Beaver River drains 3,145 square miles in Ohio and Pennsyl- vania. The population of the area is 728,000, roughly 230 per square mile, of which almost two-thirds are in urban communities. The largest city, Youngstown, Ohio (167,720), is the center of the third largest steel-producing area in the country. The streams and reser- voirs of the basin are intensively used as sources of municipal and industrial water supply and for recreation. About 42 percent of the sewage is treated and more than 95 percent of the untreated wastes enter the Mahoning River in the Youngstown district (Warren to Lowellville). Except for the Beaver and sections of the Mahoning and Shenango Rivers, the streams of the basin are relatively clean. Abatement of pollution in the Youngstown district can be most economically effected by a combination of waste treatment and stream- flow regulation. Reservoir sites have been investigated by the United States Engineer Department with a view toward providing needed additional flow for both pollution abatement and industrial water supply. Further industrial development in the Youngstown district should be predicated on obtaining additional water from sources not now considered. conclusions (1) Eighteen of the fifty public water supplies in the basin are from surface sources. Twelve of these, serving 430,000 people are from streams or reservoirs subject to pollution. (2) Sewage from 515,000 people, industrial wastes equivalent to sewage from an additional 165,000 people and about 32 tons of acid per day enter the streams of the basin. Thirty-six plants treat about 42 percent of the sewage and several of the industrial plants have in- stalled waste treatment facilities. (3) Laboratory data show the Mahoning Eiver, particularly in the Youngstown district, to be grossly polluted. The Beaver River is moderately polluted and the Shenango is in fairly satisfactory sani- tary condition. Smaller tributary streams are relatively clean. (4) The major pollution problem of the basin is in the Youngstown district. More than 95 percent of the untreated wastes in the entire basin enter the Mahoning River in the 25 miles from Warren to Lowell- ville. (5) Industrial water use in this stretch, principally for cooling pur- poses, is about 20 times the minimum stream flow. The resulting high-water temperatures intensify the effects of pollution and increase industrial costs. 411 412 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL (6) Chemical treatment of sewage plus low-flow control by reser- voirs offers the most economical method of organic pollution abate- ment in the Youngstown district. Low-flow augmentation alone, or without a parallel program of sewage treatment, will actually have a detrimental effect on the Beaver River because of decreased time of flow. Local conditions and river temperature will, of course, be improved. (7) Primary treatment, the minimum that can be considered satisfactory under the most favorable circumstances, is indicated at four other communities where stream flows are adequate including Newton Falls, Ohio, and New Brighton, Pa. The latter city, being near the mouth, is primarily an Ohio River problem. Secondary treatment is indicated at five small towns in Ohio located on streams subject to very low flows. Additions or improvements to treatment facilities are needed at eight places and progress is being made toward completion of the improvements in most of these cases. (8) Industrial treatment is needed principally to redqce phenol discharges at byproduct coke plants and to reduce the acid load on the stream. This can be accomplished by methods now in use at other plants. (9) A summary of cost estimates of remedial measures from table B-l follows: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges $4,760,000 6,000,000 $415,000 865,000 Estimated additional costs, over existing charges, of programs in- volving uniform treatment throughout the basin are: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges $5,830,000 10,680,000 $845,000 1,265,000 Table B-l.—Beaver River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested mini- mum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Pri- ma- ry Sec- ond- ary Amorti- zation and in- terest Opera- tion and mainte- nance Total Existing sewage treatment Suggested minimum correction: Sewage treatment plants.. 17 18 218,400 $4,760,000 $300,000 $115,000 $415,000 14 5 297,100 2,970,000 1,990,000 1,040,000 210,000 95,000 135,000 190,000 400,000 95,000 370,000 Independent industrial waste 235,000 6,000 000 5,830,000 10,680,000 6,000,000 440,000 425,000 710,000 440,000 425,000 420,000 555,000 425,000 865,000 845,000 1,205,000 865,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment all waste... Secondary treatment all waste. As suggested OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 413 Description The Beaver River is formed by the confluence of the Mahoning and Shenango Rivers near New Castle, Pa., and flows southward for 20 miles to its junction with the Ohio River 25 miles below Pittsburgh. It drains an area of 3,145 square miles, of which 1,300 are in Ohio and 1,785 in Pennsylvania. Much of the land is flat, particularly in the northern half of the basin but the southeastern portion is quite hilly. The principal tributaries of the Beaver River are: Tributary Distance above mouth of Beaver Drainage area, square miles 12.4 830 Mahoning River __ 20.7 1,100 1,080 20.7 The basin is densely populated (230 per square mile) and about two-thirds of the population is in the 22 urban communities. The populations of some of the larger cities and of the basin as a whole are shown below: Population 1910 1920 1930 1940 Principal cities: Youngstown, Ohio . . 79,060 36,2S0 11,081 15, 270 20, 728 15,083 12,191 8, 361 10, 190 4,972 3,902 3,370 132,358 44,938 27,050 21,747 23, 778 21,603 12,802 13,080 15, 586 11,237 8,958 5.847 169, 912 48,674 41,062 25,908 23,568 23,047 17,147 16,314 14,359 14,673 12,323 11,249 167, 720 47, 638 42,837 25,622 24,477 22,405 17,098 16,273 13, S99 13, 785 12,329 11,739 Warren, Ohio. ... Sharon, Pa Butler, Pa Alliance, Ohio Beaver Falls, Pa Niles, Ohio Farrell, Pa Campbell, Ohio Ell wood City, Pa Struthers, Ohio Entire basin: Rural 178,013 251,086 189, 950 389, 343 220,208 480,079 251,101 477, 267 Urban... Total.... 429,099 589,293 700,287 728,368 Almost all of the cities experienced a period of rapid population in- crease during the first 30 years of this century which saw the region develop into a major center of steel production. This period of rapid growth ended in 1930 and most of the cities lost population during the next 10 years. The rural population con- tinued to increase, however. W ater uses.—None of the streams are navigable at present except for the lower mile of the Beaver which is affected by backwater from the Ohio River. A proposal to connect the Ohio River and Lake Erie by a canal using the Beaver, Mahoning, and Grand Rivers has been studied by the United States Engineer Department and considered by the Congress a number of times but has not been authorized. 414 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL There are no hydroelectric power storage reservoirs and no sites where the development of hydroelectric energy appears to be economi- cally feasible at the present time. No flood-control reservoirs, as such, have been built but a number of reservoirs built for other purposes have undoubtedly aided in reducing flood heights. The largest of these are the Pymatuning Reservoir, Lake Milton, and Meander Reservoir. Pymatuning Reservoir on the upper Shenango has a capacity of 192,000’acre-feet and a surface area of 17,880 acres. It was built by Pennsylvania primarily to regulate stream flow to insure an adequate supply of water for downstream cities and industries. Lake Milton on the Mahoning River above W arren was built by the city of Youngstown and private interests to increase the flow of the stream during dry weather. It has been useful in this respect but its small capacity of 28,100 acre-feet has limited its utility. Both Pyma- tuning Reservoir and Lake Milton are used extensively for recreation. Meander Reservoir on Meander Creek was built by the Mahoning Valley Sanitary District to provide public water supplies for Youngs- town and Niles. Its capacity is 32,400 acre-feet. Fifteen other reservoirs with capacities of from 100 to 4,600 acre-feet have been built for water supply, recreation, or flow regulation. The Berlin Reservoir on the Mahoning above Lake Milton is now (1942) under construction by the United States Engineer Department in connection with the authorized program for Ohio River flood con- trol. In addition to controlling floods, the reservoir will provide storage for low-flow control. Figure B-l shows the location and magnitude of the more im- portant sources of pollution in the basin. Figure B-2 shows similar data and, in addition, the location of public water supply intakes from polluted streams and selected laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. Public water supplies.—Fifty public water supplies in the basin served 554,100 people. Eighteen supplies serving almost 500,000 people are from surface sources and 12 of these are from streams or reservoirs subject to sewage pollution. Table B-2 shows data on the surface water supplies of the basin. The supplies from the Beaver River are the most seriously polluted and the most complete treatment of these supplies often fails to produce a palatable water. Presentation of Field Data Municipality State Source Mile 1 Treat- ment 2 Popu- lation served Con- sump- tion, million gallons per day Supplies below community sewer outfalls Beaver River 3.6 FD 22 500 1 75 do 5.3 FD 25,000 2. 30 18.0 FD 400 07 Shenango River 25.8 FD 58, 000 4. 25 _ __ do 47.5 FD 50, 000 3 80 Mahoning River 56.5 LD 42, 800 3 98 101 FD 22 400 3 50 do 105 FD 3^900 .50 i Miles above mouth of B eaver River. * L=Lime-soda softened; D = Chlorinated; F = Coagulated, settled, filtered. Table B-2.—Beaver River Basin: Surface water supplies OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 415 Table B-2.—Beaver River Basin: Surface water supplies—Continued Municipality State Source Mile Treat- ment Popu- lation served Con- sump- tion, million gallons per day Supplies below community sewer outfalls Ellwood City ... Pennsylvania. do Slippery Rock Creek.. 21.5 FD 12,000 2, 200 175,000 16, 200 2.00 48.5 FD . 12 Ohio Meander Creek Res- 52.5 LD 10.70 do ervoir. do 52.5 LD 2.60 Other surface supplies Pennsylvania _ do Impounded, Scholar Run. Wells, Likens Run. FD 2,000 1,600 30, 000 8,500 13, 000 0.18 F .12 Connoquenessing Creek. Impounded, tribu- tary of Little She- nango. Impounded, Yellow Creek. 61 FD 3. 30 FD .50 FD .65 FD 13,700 .56 Total: 430,400 68,800 35. 57 5.31 499,200 40.88 Sewerage.—Sewage from 515,700 people is discharged to the streams of the Beaver Basin. About 42 percent of this waste is treated. In the Pennsylvania section of the basin practically all sewage is treated, the principal exception, New Brighton, discharging only about 1 mile from the mouth and being primarily an Ohio River problem. On the other hand, in the Ohio section of the basin, 285,800 out of 321,500 discharge sewage without treatment. Almost all of this waste enters the Mahoning River in the 25-mile stretch from Warren to Lowellville. There are 35 sewage-treatment plants in the basin, 17 of which pro- vide primary treatment and 18 of which provide secondary treatment. Twenty-six of the plants are in Pennsylvania and only nine are in Ohio. Table B-3.—Beaver River Basin: Source of significant pollution, including indus- trial wastes, expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Municipality State Receiving stream Mile1 Popula- tion connected to sewers Treatment Sewered tion equi (bioche oxygen d Un- treated popula- valent mical emand) Dis- charged New Brighton 3 9,000 None- 9,000 9,000 Beaver Falls vania. 4 19,000 Primary— 19,000 12,400 Farrell 44 14,000 -__do 14.000 9,100 Sharon 45 27,000 --do 27,000 17,500 Sharpsville.-. 49 5,000 Secondary. 5,000 700 Greenville dn dr. 69 8,500 Primary-.. 8,700 5,600 1 Miles above mouth of Beaver River. 90035—44—pt. 2 18 416 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table B-3.—Beaver River Basin: Source of significant pollution, including indus- trial wastes, expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) —Continued Municipality State Receiving stream Mile Popula- tion connected Treatment Sewered popula- tion equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) to sewers Un- treated Dis- charged New Castio Pennsyl- vania Mahoning Kiver.. 22 34 35 36 40 44 50 56 76 101 14 57 41 48 48 107 50.000 11.700 4,000 13.700 178, 700 9,700 16,200 42,800 3, 100 22,000 10, 500 27,000 7,000 2, 500 4,100 3,500 26, 700 Primary; chlori- nation. 57.500 11,700 4,000 13, 700 260,500 64, 700 16,200 56,800 3.100 22,000 10, 500 31,100 7,000 2, 500 4.100 3.500 28, 500 37, 500 11.700 4,000 13.700 260, 500 64, 700 16, 200 56,800 3,100 2,200 6,800 4.700 1,000 1, GOO 2.700 500 16,400 Poland C. S. D. * Campbell ...do ...do do ...do ...do. Youngstown... ...do. ...do do ...do ...do _ do ...do. NewtoD Falls .. .do do do ...do Secondary Primary chlorina- tion. Secondary, do ... do Ellwood City Pennsyl- vania. ._ do Connoquenessing Creek. .. do Butler Grove City ...do. Wolf Creek Mercer __ .do Neshannock Creek. Little Yankee Creek. Primary... Hubbard Ohio Sebring ...do Secondary. 0) Total: Ohio 321,500 194,200 472,800 207, 300 444,300 114,100 Pennsylvania. Total . 515, 700 680,100 558,400 J County sewer district. 310 primary and 11 secondary treatment plants. Industrial wastes.—Table B-4 summarizes data on the sources of industrial wastes by type of industry and method of disposal. The population equivalent of these wastes does not reflect the magnitude of the industrial-waste problem since the steel-mill wastes have no significant biochemical oxygen demand. The disposal of waste pickle liquor from steel mills in the basin is summarized as follows: Free acid 1 in waste pickle liquor [Pounds per day] State Total Neutralized Discharged without neutralization 63,000 18,600 3,000 14,800 60,000 3,800 81,600 17,800 63,800 1 Exclusive of FeSO« which exerts some acid effect. Fig. B-2 SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS U 6 E H II -Reduction by Traotmant Wotar Supply Intaka Raaarvoir BEAVER RIVER SOURCES OF POLLUTION ANO SELECTED LABORATORY DATA OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE FIGURE -B_2 (Face p. 416) 6P0 -43 0 -90035 417 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table B-4.—Beaver River Basin; Summary of industrial wastes not discharged to municipal treatment plants, with total of entire industrial waste load in the basin Number Industrial waste disposal At least minor Estimated sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Industry of plants Munici- pal sewers Private outlets corrective measures taken Brewing 2 1 1 2 5,300 4 4 3 80, 400 Chemical 4 1 3 2 Meat - 2 2 2 7,200 3,400 Milk . 3 1 2 2 39 1 38 24 Miscellaneous 22 3 19 10 56, 300 Waste unconnected to municipal treatment 76 9 67 45 152. 600 11.800 164,400 As in the case of domestic sewage, the bulk of the organic industrial wastes and of the acid is discharged to the Mahoning River in the Youngstown area. Industrial water supply.—About 780 million gallons per day of water are used by the various industries in the basin and about 630 million gallons per day of this are drawn from the Mahoning River in the 25-mile stretch from Warren to Lowellville. Relatively small amounts of this industrial water supply are used as boiler feed and in manu- facturing processes. Almost all of it is used as cooling water and is returned to the streams unchanged except for its increased tempera- ture. Since this water demand exceeds even the average flow of the stream, the water must be reused and the temperature increases tend to pyramid. During periods of low stream flow the water tempera- ture below Youngstown has risen often to over 110° F. Presentation of Laboratory Data Table B-7 (p. 427) summarizes laboratory data on the Beaver River. Table B-5 shows selected data at some of the more important points. Except for the observations at the mouth of the Beaver, all the results were obtained by a mobile laboratory during June, July, and August, 1940. The mouth of the Beaver was sampled in October, November, and December, 1940 by the laboratory boat Kiski. In cooperation with the State health departments of Ohio and Pennsylvania, taste and odor problems in the Beaver Basin were studied in November and December 1940 and January 1941. Labora- tory facilities at Mineral Ridge, Ohio, were made available through the courtesy of the Mahoning Valley sanitary district. Results of this work are summarized in table B-5A. 418 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table B-5.—Beaver River Basin; Selected laboratory data River Location River miles above— Confluence with Shenango Mouth of Beaver __ Period, 1940. Mahon- ing Above Alliance 83 104 July Mahon- ing Below Alliance 76 97 July Mahon- ing Water- works, Warren 35.5 56.5 July- August Mahon- ing Below Warren 34 55 July- August Mahon- ing Above Niles 30.2 51.2 July- August Mahon- ing McD. via Niles 29.2 50.2 July- August Mahon- ing Libert St., Girard 24.8 45.8 July Number of samples . Flow in cubic feet per second, 2 2 5 5 5 5 4 sampling days 4 20 235 237 243 290 355 Water temperature, °C 20.5 26.0 23.9 25.8 25.4 24.6 24. 1 Coliforms per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 25 83 16 7,100 86 2,400 341 million ... _ Biochemical oxygen demand, 4.8 4.5 7.7 2.5 2.0 1.4 5.3 5-day, parts per million... 2.2 3.4 2.6 5.7 2.4 2.0 2.2 River Mahon- Mahon- Mahon- Mahon- Mahon- Mahon- Mahon- ing ing ing ing ing ing ing Location Division Center Sheet Bridge, Bridge, Bridge, Near River miles above: St., Youngs- town St., Youngs- town & Tube, Camp- bell Lowell- ville Edin- burg Mahon- ing town Mouth Confluence with Shenango. 22 16 15 10.5 5.5 1.5 0.5 Mouth of Beaver 43 37 36 31.5 26.5 22.5 21.5 Period, 1940 July- July- July- July- July- July- July- August August August August August August August Number of samples Flow in cubic feet per second, 8 8 8 8 8 7 4 sampling days ... 294 260 280 291 307 367 214 Water temperature, °C. 27.2 29.6 30.0 29.2 26. 1 25.9 23.9 Coliforms per milliliter... . ... Dissolved oxygen, parts per 450 11,400 6,100 186 62 71 31 million __ ... Biochemical oxygen demand, 4.0 1.6 0.7 1.6 3.1 3.7 4.3 5-day, parts per million 1.8 10.0 12.4 3.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 River Shenango Shenango Shenango Shenango Shenango Shenango Shenango Location Riverside Below Mercer Clark Below Above Below Hotel, Green- St., St., Sharon- New New River miles above: Green- ville ville Sharps- ville Sharps- ville Farrell Castle Castle Confluence with Mahoning.. 48 46.5 31 29.3 21 6.5 0.5 Mouth of Beaver 69 65.5 52 50.3 42 27.5 21.5 Period, 1940.. July- July- July- July- July- July- July- August August August August August August August Number of samples Flow in cubic feet per second, 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 sampling days 122 133 226 262 268 274 325 Water tjmperature, °C 20.8 “21.3 22.4 22.0 23. 7 22.7 21.4 Coliforms per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 41 280 233 22 1,800 98 58 million . Biochemical oxygen demand, 7.6 6.6 7.8 6.9 4.4 5.9 6.8 5-day, parts per million 3.6 4. 1 3.4 3.3 5.0 6.9 6.4 River Beaver Beaver Beaver Neshan Creek Conno- queness- ing Creek Conno- queness- ing Creek Conno- queness- ing Creek Location Below Eastvale, Near Below At Below At New Castle Beaver Falls mouth Mercer Butler Butler Renfrew River miles above mouth of Beaver. 15.5 5.5 1.4 46.5 57.5 54.0 49 Period, 1940 July- August July- August October August July July July Number of samples. ._ Flow in cubic feet per second, 6 6 11 2 2 2 2 sampling days . 502 750 633 11 10 20 30 Wrater temperature, °C 24 23.8 15.2 20.2 24.5 26.0 25.5 Coliforms per milliliter ... . Dissolved oxygen, parts per 437 10 802 330 5 13 58 million Biochemical oxygen demand, 3.5 6.8 8.3 5.0 5.0 3.4 6.6 5-day, parts per million 8.8 4.0 2.6 2.3 1.1 6.1 3.6 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 419 River Location of sampling point River mile 1 Num- ber of samp- les Tem- pera- ture °C. Phenol—parts per billion Threshold odor value pH Iron- parts per million Maxi- mum Mini- mum Aver- age Maxi- mum Mini- mum Aver- age Period of seJf-purification (Nov. 7-Dec. 3,1940)—Average discharge Beaver River at Beave; Falls 2,036 cubic feet per second 64.5 10 3.9 2 0 0.2 16 2 6 7. 4 2.8 Do ... 51.2 4 4.0 250 80 156 16 8 10 6. 5 27 Do 50.2 10 6.3 220 70 141 16 4 8 6.3 17 Do Youngstown: Division St 43.0 10 7.6 140 2 87 16 4 8 6.4 11 Mahoning Ave 40.3 10 12.2 320 5 164 32 4 13 6.6 6.4 Center St 37.0 5 10.8 240 20 130 - 16 4 11 6.6' 16 Do 36.0 10 14.2 1,600 30 777 256 16 80 6.3 18 Do 34.6 0 Do . 31.5 8 15.2 1,000 38 502 64 8 29 6.2 19 Do 22. 5 8 7.8 '800 10 156 32 8 15 7.1 1.3 23.0 8 5.2 0 0 0 16 2 6 6.9 5.5 BeaverT. Above Beaver Falls. 5.5 8 4.1 2 0 .2 8 2 4 6.7 5.3 Period of phenolic contamination (Dec. 4,1940-Jan. 10,1941)—Average discharge Beaver River at Beaver Falls, 6,330 cubic feet per second 64.5 13 2.1 2 0 0.15 8 2 3 7.0 1.1 51.2 13 4.0 600 0 141 16 2 8 6.4 18 Do 50.2 13 3.6 180 0 83 16 2 6 6.4 12 Do Youngstown: Division St. 43.0 13 4.3 120 0 Cl 8 2 5 6.4 13 Mahoning Ave... 40.3 13 5.6 800 10 223 8 4 6 6.4 13 Center St. _ 37.0 13 6.9 400 30 159 64 4 27 6.5 11 Do 36.0 13 7.4 1.000 60 570 128 16 41 6. 4 13 Do 34.6 10 8.5 2,000 90 929 256 16 59 6.5 16 Do 31.5 11 8.0 1,800 160 824 128 16 41 6.5 13 Do 22.5 11 8.3 1,800 50 685 128 8 29 6.6 9 Shenango 23.0 10 3.9 15 0 3.5 8 0 3 6.8 2. 4 Beaver." Above Beaver Falls 5.5 11 4.8 230 35 108 64 2 11 6.7 2.3 i Miles above mouth of Beaver River. Table B-5A.—Beaver River Basin: Laboratory results of taste and odor survey of Mahoning and Beaver Rivers from Warren, Ohio, to mouth 420 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Figures B-3, B-4, and B-5 show graphically the coliform, dis- solved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand results. These results represent the most unfavorable monthly averages. The laboratory data indicate clearly the grossly polluted condition of the Mahoning River in its lower 25 miles. The Beaver River is also polluted and the Shenango is in somewhat better sanitary condi- tion. Considering the high degree of industrial development, the large urban population, and the low stream flows, the situation might well be worse. With the exception of the small community of Linesville (which has passed a bond issue for sewage treatment), all of the towns in the Shenango Valley have sewage treatment. The most unfavorable results in this valley were obtained below Sharon where about half of the sewage was being bypassed at the time samples were collected during remodeling activities at the sewage treatment plant. The area flooded by Pymatuning Reservoir was formerly a large swamp and the unstable organic matter in the swamp imparts an appreciable biochemical oxygen demand to the impounded water. In the Mahoning Valley, the addition of iron coagulants in the form of waste pickle liquors probably tends to coagulate and settle pollu- tion in the river. In addition, multiple industrial reuse of the river water, causing higher water temperatures and increased time of flow, affords excellent conditions for self-purification. During periods of increased flow and lower temperature, much higher coliform counts and somewhat higher biochemical oxygen demands than those observed would probably be found in the Mahoning and the Beaver. In fact, some of the highest coliform counts were the fall and winter ob- servations made at the mouth of the Beaver. In spite of the amount of pickle liquor discharged in the district, very few pH values found in the district were below 6.0. Only two pH values below 6.0 were observed in the June, July, August period of observation and two more below 6.0 were observed in the November, December, January period when the taste and odor study was being made. In all cases these pH values were well above 5.0. Hardness in streams of the Shenango Basin and in the eastern tributaries of the Beaver was generally of the order of magnitude of 100 parts per million. In the Mahoning Valley hardness values up to 350 parts per million were observed. Taste and odor survey.—The data (table B-5 A) have been divided into two sections on the basis of the appearance of phenol in the Beaver at Beaver Falls. During the first period, phenol was present in the Mahoning River in the Youngstown area but self-purification had removed this ppllution before the stream reached Beaver Falls. During the second period, due to lower temperatures and shorter times of flow, self-purification failed to remove the phenol from the river before it reached Beaver Falls, where it caused great difficulty in the production of a palatable water. The laboratory determinations show that large quantities of phenol were entering the Mahoning River in four different sections where byproduct coke plants are located. MAHONING VALLEY WARREN TO LOWELLVILLE Scale ot Miles (Face p.420) No. 1 8PO-43 0 -90035 LEGEND Average Coliform Results at Sampling Stations Symbol Mo*' P">boble number per ml. Fig.B-3 BEAVER BASIN COLIFORM RESULTS Under 25 26- 50 5 I -100 101-200 Over 200 31 «o’ CD I 04 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig. B-4 MAHONING VALLEY WARREN TO LOWELLVILLE (Pace p.420) No. 2 8PO-43 0 -90035 LEGEND Averoge Dissolved Oxygen Results ot Sampling Stations Symbol Dissolved Oxygen p pm. Fig. B-4 BEAVER BASIN DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS Over 6.5 5.1 to 6.5 3.1 to 5.0 O.l to 3.0 0.0 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 MAHONING VALLEY WARREN TO LOWELLVILLE LEGEND Average B. 0. D. Results at Sampling Stations Symbol ppm ( Normal Sample!) (Face p.420) No. 3 8PO- 43 0 -90035 Fig.B-5 0.0 *0 3.0 3.1 to 5.0 Over 5.0 BEAVER BASIN BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMANC Acid Sample! (Seeded a Neutralized) 30 or loss Fig.B-5 Ohio river pollution survey u. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 421 HYDROMETRIC DATA Twenty-one stream gaging stations have been maintained in the Beaver River Basin at various times and 14 are currently in operation. Table B-6 shows monthly mean summer flows at 8 stations for the 3 driest summers of record. Stream flow at Sharon and Wampum have been affected by the Pymatuning Reservoir since 1933 so the records shown in table B-6 for these stations do not represent con- ditions likely to recur. Figure B-6 shows the effect of the reservoir on the flow at Sharon. It also shows the flow in the Mahoning at Youngstown based on 18 years of record and the flow as it would be regulated by the proposed Berlin Reservoir. Figure B-6 indicates that the frequency with which minimum monthly mean summer flows have occurred is as follows: Location Minimum monthly mean summer flows in cubic feet per second that may be expected once in— 2 years 5 years 10 years Mini- mum 133 183 54 94 165 33 75 162 21 47 160 7 Mahoning at Youngstown (regulated by Berlin Reservoir) Table B-6.—Beaver River Basin—Monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred River Mahon- ing Warren, Ohio 56.5 599 1924-35 Mahon- ing Youngs- town, Ohio 41.8 899 1921-39 Shenango Sharon, Pa. 45.5 608 1909-38 Shenango New Cas- tle,Pa. 24.3 792 1910-34 Location River miles above mouth of Beaver Drainage area (square miles). - - Period of record Year 1930 1930 1916 1933 June 124 177 128 207 July 80 104 18 40 August 35 47 7 18 September... 37 66 9 26 Year. 1934 1934 1930 1930 June 44 66 99 142 July 43 66 53 67 August 83 198 14 25 September... 195 274 18 30 Year 1933 1933 1932' 1923 June ...cubic feet per second_. 179 280 70 102 July 59 82 120 31 August 55 86 27 26 September 44 71 17 36 422 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Fi g . 3 - 6 FIGURE B-6 SUMMER LOW FLOW FREQUENCY CURVE SHENANGO RIVER AT SHARON, PA. 1910 TO 1932 & 1933 TO 1938 INCL. MAHONING RIVER AT YOUNGSTOWN, O. 1922 TO 1939 INCL. Percent of Years Minimum Monthly Mean Discharge Equaled or Exceeded (Only June-July-august-September considered) FREQUENCY THAT FLOW OCCURS-ONCE IN MAHONING RIVER I U S. E O -O. R D Monthly Mean Discharge in c. fs. SHENANGO RIVER OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 423 Table B-6.—Beaver River Basin—Monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred—Continued River Beaver Wampum, Pa. 15.4 2, 235 1914-18 1933-39 Mosquito Creek Niles, Ohio 51 iqq 1929-39 Conno- quenes- sing Creek Hazen Pa. 23 356 1920-39 Slippery Rock Creek Wurtem- burg, Pa. 18.5 406 1912-39 Location River miles above mouth of Beaver Drainage area, square miles Period of record Year. 1916 1933 1930 1930 June ...cubic feet per second__ 1,884 11.5 254 233 July do 559 2.3 26 66 August do 167 .1 11 35 September __do 153 .2 11 40 Year 1933 1934 1939 1914 June ...cubic feet per second . 720 0.3 290 184 July... ..do 203 .2 139 67 August. do 156 23.6 54 38 September do 157 6.1 17 48 Year 1934 1930 1923 1932 June ...cubic feet per second.. 222 6.2 234 84 July... do 201 1.4 40 127 August do 970 .2 20 49 September do 578 .2 21 42 Proposed stream control.—The Corps of Engineers has determined four sites to be most nearly satisfactory for flood-control and allied reservoir development in connection with the program for Ohio River flood control as follows: Reservoir Stream River-miles above mouth of Beaver River Storage Supple- mental flow made available Approxi- mate minimum regulated summer dis- charge at project sites Shenango Berlin 2 Eagle Creek Mosquito Creek Shenango River Mahoning River Eagle Creek Mosquito Creek 54 94 65 59 Acre-feet 127,000 71,000 48,100 50,000 Cubic feet ■per second 100 113 31 34 Cubic feet per second. i 300 * 160 43 35 1 Includes effect of Pymatuning. 2 Under construction, 1942. 3 Ultimate at Youngstown. It is assured that low-flow control will be made available in the near future by the Berlin Reservoir project, and, during the present national emergency, it is proposed to operate the reservoir primarily for low-flow control with flood control as an incidental feature. Plans for ultimate operation contemplate its use for flood control, with secondary low-water regulation. The Berlin project, operated m conjunction with existing Milton Reservoir several miles down- stream, will permit sustaining a minimum flow of about 250 second- feet in the Mahoning River at Youngstown, Ohio, during the national emergency period, and about 160 second-feet under the ultimate plan of operation. The Eagle and Mosquito Creek projects would be 424 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL capable of further augmenting discharge in the main river as well as increasing minimum flows in their respective tributary channels. The Shenango project, if provided, would be operated with due regard for flow regulation originating in the Pymatuning Reservoir, which is situated farther upstream. Proposed operations contem- plate increasing the regulated flow of the Shenango River by 100 second-feet during the months of June to September, inclusive. Minimum regulated discharge at Sharon, Pa., which would reflect operation of both reservoirs, would approximate 300 second-feet during these months. Discussion Youngstown district.—The Mahoning and Beaver Rivers are among the most grossly polluted streams in the Ohio Basin, if not in the entire country. In the 25-mile stretch of the Mahoning from Warren to Lowcllville, untreated sewage from 280,000 people, industrial wastes equivalent to sewage from an additional 150,000 people and about 32 tons of sulfuric acid per day are discharged to the river whose flow has fallen to less than 50 cubic feet per second. A total of about 630 million gallons per day (about 980 cubic feet per second) is used by the industries,' principally for cooling water, in this same stretch of river with the result that the temperature rises to 30°-40° F. above normal during low-flow periods. These increased temperatures hinder production and increase costs. At certain times steel produc- tion has had to be reduced because of low-stream flows. Increased temperatures, also accelerate the decomposition of the organic matter present in the sewage and industrial wastes and reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen which the water can contain. Both of these effects tend to aggravate nuisance conditions in the stream. Complete depletion of the dissolved oxygen in the Mahoning was found at several points during the survey. Three public water supplies from the Beaver River are affected by all the wastes entering the Mahoning as well as the treated wastes which are discharged to the Shenango River. Taste and odor prob- lems are particularly acute at these places and even after very com- plete and careful treatment the finished water is often malodorous and unpalatable. Survey information on taste and odor determinations on the Mahoning River were released to the State of Ohio and served as a basis for phenol-control discussion with the industries. As a result, it is reported that the efficiency of phenol-removal measures has been greatly increased. Sewage and industrial waste treatment is obviously necessary both to improve conditions locally along the Mahoning and to relieve the heavy pollution of the Beaver River water supplies. The intensive development of the river valley in the Youngstown area where in- dustrial plants and railroads occupy almost all of the available space will complicate the sewage-treatment problem. Complete treatment would be much more expensive than usual because of the difficulty of acquiring suitable sites. There seems to be no economic justification for attempting to maintain a dissolved oxygen level suitable for fish propagation in this stretch of the river. The high temperature of the river water would make the stream unsuitable for any fish native to 425 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL this area and the highly industrialized nature of the valley makes the stream unattractive for recreational use. Chemical treatment of sewage and such industrial wastes as can be effectively treated in the municipal plants together with a maximum of recovery and reuse of wastes at the coke plants (with particular attention to phenol removal), neutralization, or other treat- ment of acid wastes are essential elements in a practicable program for pollution abatement in the Mahoning Valley. Low-flow augmentation by reservoirs seems to be another essential part of any practicable program for improving the stream quality. Such low-flow control would reduce stream temperatures and benefit industrial water users and would reduce the hardness of the water as well as supplement sewage treatment and industrial waste corrective measures in the abatement of pollution from organic wastes. The benefits from low-flow control by the Berlin Reservoir now (1942) under construction are estimated at $251,000 annually, provided the entire capacity is used for flow regulation as is planned for the period of the national emergency. The approximate distribution of the annual benefits is as follows: Organic pollution abatement $133, 000 Industrial water supply—temperature reduction and increased industrial activity made possible ___• 112,000 Hardness reduction 6, 000 Total 251,000 Under the ultimate plan of operation, or after the national emer- gency, the reservoir will be used primarily for flood control. One- third of the reservoir capacity will be used during the off-flood season for flow regulation. Annual flow regulation benefits will then be reduced to $111,000. Additional flow regulation by Eagle Creek and Mosquito Creek Reservoirs would have additional benefits, However, sewage treat- ment is necessary if full benefits are to be realized. Low-flow aug- mentation alone, or without the parallel program of sewage treatment, will actually have a detrimental effect on pollution conditions in the Beaver River because of decreased time of flow. This is particurlarly true as regards bacterial and taste and odor conditions. . No amount of flow regulation will entirely supplant sewage or industrial waste treatment measures but will supplement them. In the case of the most troublesome type of industrial waste, phenols, flow regulation by the proposed reservoirs would have no appreciable effect. The Mahoning River presents a most promising situation for the advantageous use of low-flow augmentation. Monetary benefits are substantial, and intangible values connected with any program of pollution control furnish additional incentive. However, due in part to the comparatively high storage costs experienced in this locality, even the Berlin Reservoir cannot be shown to be economically feasible for low-flow control alone. A multiple-purpose project has been shown to be economically feasible. J -Treatment methods as outlined and maximum emergency period low-flow control by the Berlin Reservoir, together, would still not insure the continuous maintenance of 3.0 parts per million of oxygen m the Mahoning which is regarded as a minimum necessary to prevent 426 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL nuisance conditions. However, such conditions would prevail only for a short distance and at infrequent intervals. The quality of the water at downstream water intakes would be greatly improved. Shenango River.—There are no serious pollution problems along this stream. All of the wastes entering the river are treated and flow regulation by Pymatuning Reservoir aids further in improving the water quality. Additional regulation by the proposed Shenango Reservoir would be of value, particularly in improving the quality of water in the Beaver River but the monetary benefit would be relatively minor. Other streams.—On the whole, the smaller tributary streams of the Beaver Basin are not heavily polluted. Almost all of the towns have sewage treatment facilities although a number of them are inadequate. In general, secondary treatment is indicated at these places. At Newton Falls and Craig Beach on the Mahoning between the proposed Berlin Reservoir and Warren and at New Brighton, the only sizable Pennsylvania town without sewage treatment, primary treatment is indicated. Costs.—The estimated cost of the suggested program of sewage and industrial waste treatment, together with estimates of the cost of existing works and of possible programs for primary or for secondary treatment of all wastes are shown in table B-l. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 427 Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per mil- lion Alkalin- ity, parts per mil- lion Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Tem- perature °C Parts per million Percent satura- tion chemical oxygen demand, parts per million most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Fish Run, 3 miles below Sebring, Ohio. Do ... BMaF 104 June 28,1940 July 10,1940 July 29,1940 June 28,1940 July 10,1940 July 29,1940 June 28,1940 July 10,1940 July 29,1940 July 1,1940 July 16,1940 July 22,1940 July 30,1940 Aug. 5,1940 July 1,1940 July 15,1940 JUly 22,1940 July 30,1940 Aug. 5,1940 July 1,1940 July 22,1940 July 30,1940 Aug. 5,1940 June 27,1940 July 29,1940 June 27,1940 July 11,1940 July 29,1940 July 11,1940 July 29,1940 1 20.0 5.0 55.1 1.9 91 7.2 26 101 252 do 1 24.0 5.0 58.3 1.3 4 7.6 20 260 Do do. 2 26.0 3.2 38.4 2.7 43 6.9 28 220 Mahoning River, 1 mile east of Alli- ance, Ohio. Do BMa 104 36 20.5 7.4 81.1 1.3 93 7.4 117 3 24.0 5.9 69.2 1.2 4 7.6 Do 6 27.0 3.7 45.5 3.2 46 7.3 Mahoning River, 5 miles below Alli- ance, Ohio. Do BMa 97 42 21.0 5.4 59.8 3.6 430 7.5 37 136 174 do 7 24.0 4.2 49.8 3.3 73 7.6 23 194 Do 34 27.0 4.8 59.2 3.4 93 7.3 32 156 Mahoning River, 3 miles above New- ton Falls, Ohio. Do BMa 79 93 16.5 8.3 84.7 2.2 4 7.4 53 132 22.0 8.9 101.0 1.8 2 7.3 Do 130 25.0 7.9 94.0 1.0 24 7.2 Do ... 88 27.5 7.0 87.5 3.0 24 7.3 Do - 86 25.0 7.4 88.1 2.6 24 7.3 Mahoning River, lower edge of New- ton Falls, Ohio. Do . BMa 76 . 16.0 7.2 72.4 1.9 230 7.4 49 147 21.0 7.7 85.9 1.3 43 7.5 Do 167 25.0 6.9 82.8 2.2 240 7.2 Do 90 26.5 5.5 67.4 3.8 460 7.2 Do 90 24. 5 6.3 75.0 4.2 93 7.2 Mahoning River, 4 miles below New- ton Falls, Ohio. Do BMa 72 147 16.0 7.9 79.2 1.8 36 7.4 58 213 27.5 6.7 $4. 4 1.6 9 7.5 Do . . 104 26.5 5.3 65.4 2.8 2 7.2 Do 101 24.5 6.6 78.5 1.9 24 7.2 Silver Creek, 2 miles above Garretts- ville, Ohio. Do BMaES 82 14.5 9.0 87.5 .5 4 7.4 94 1 25.0 8.9 106.1 .8 2 7.8 5 126 Eagle Creek, 2 miles above Garretts- ville, Ohio. Do BMaE 82 16.5 8.5 86.4 2 2 36 7.4 27 75 104 3 21.0 7.0 78.0 .9 2 7.4 Do 3 24.0 6.6 77.3 4 7 46 7.4 Eagle Creek, 2 miles below Garretts- ville, Ohio. Do BMaE 78 20 23.0 7.4 85.0 1.4 93 7.8 18 138 9 26.5 6.5 80.2 1.6 23 7.7 12 144 Table B-7.—Beaver River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results 428 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tem- perature °C Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per mil- lion Alkalin- ity, parts per mil- lion Hardness, parts pe million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Mahoning River bridge, north of BMa C4.5- July 1,1940 477 15.0 8.5 83.5 1.7 150 7.3 55 Leavittsburg, Ohio. % Do._ do July 15,1940 248 21.0 8.5 94.7 1.5 150 7.4 Do do July 22,1940 206 26.0 7.6 92.8 1.9 9 7 5 Do.. do July 30,1940 105 27.0 7.5 92.4 240 7.6 Do do.. 112 24.5 7.7 90 7 2 0 4 7 3 15 Mahoning River waterworks intake, BMa 56.5 July 1,1940 567 17.0 7.7 79.5 2.4 36 7 3 47 196 Warren, Ohio. Do do July 15,1940 204 21.5 8.4 94.2 1. 8 g 7 6 23 116 Do do July 22,1940 200 26.5 7.5 91.9 1.8 9 7 4 Do do July 30,1940 106 27.5 7.7 95.7 2. 6 4 7. 6 Do do... 100 27.0 7.1 87.9 4. 7 24 7 4 17 352 Red Run, Erie R. R. bridge belcw BMaR 56.0 July 1.1940 5 16.0 2.4 23.6 2.9 73 7.3 16 126 Warren, Ohio. Do do 19.5 1.5 16. 4 5. 0 4 7 4 10 152 Do do July 22; 1940 1 25.0 .5 6.4 3.8 240 7 4 Do July 30,1940 (i) 25. 5 .8 9.8 6. 7 240 7 2 10 180 Do do Aug. 6,1940 (i) 24.0 .6 7.3 3.8 2,400 7. 8 Mahoning River, 1 mile below War- BMa 55.0 July 1,1940 581 18.5 6.8 73.1 3.6 '430 6.6 50 ren, Ohio. Do do July 15,1940 180 24.0 2. 2 26.0 10.4 930 6.1 Do July 22,1940 200 30. 0 3. 0 38. 7 2. 9 7.SO 7. 2 14 146 Do do July 30'1940 108 29.0 0 0 7.5 24,000 7.0 Do do Aug. 6,1940 110 27.5 .4 4 4 4.3 9,300 7 0 Mahoning River, 1 mile above Niles, BMa 51.2 July 2,1940 594 18.0 6.6 69.6 2.5 230 6.8 64 59 122 Do do July 15,1940 186 21.0 2.0 21.9 3.5 91 6 1 Do do... July 22,1940 192 30.0 1.3 17.3 1.9 23 6.1 Do do July 30,1940 110 30.0 0 0 1.8 43 6 0 Do do Aug. 6,1940 132 28.0 0 0 2.3 43 fi 1 Walnut Creek, 1 mile above Cort- BMaMW 63.0 June 27,1940 1 16.5 8.1 82.4 1.5 75 7.2 14 87 94 land, Ohio. Do do 14 22.0 5. 2 58 9 1 0 2 400 0 0 21 78 Do do Aug. 5,1940 0) 24.5 1.4 17.0 13.7 4' coo 7.6 Table B-7.—Beaver River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 429 BMaM 64.0 June 27,1940 23 16.5 6.4 64.9 1.5 23 7.1 78 land, Ohio. Do July 11,1940 3 22.0 3.4 38.8 1.0 24 7.2 Do Aug. 5,1940 (') 26.0 5.0 60.6 2.8 23 7.5 34 170 Mosquito Creek, 2 miles below Cort- BMaM 58.0. June 27,1940 32 18.0 5.9 62. 1 2.2 36 7.3 19 108 122 land, Ohio. Do July 11,1940 19 22. 5 3.5 39.9 2.7 460 6.4 34 116 Do Aug. 5,1940 (') 25.5 5.7 69.0 2.7 4 7.4 28 148 BMaMeS 60 July 3,1940 1 22.5 12. 3 140. 7 3.6 36 9.2 12 256 road, Canfield, Ohio. Do July 29,1940 (0 23.5 6.0 69.7 3.1 9 7.8 8 184 Aug. 5,1940 (') 23.0 7.0 80.6 2.9 1 7.8 2 220 BMa £0.2 July 2,1940 705 18.5 6.4 67.5 3.5 430 6.6 43 viaduct, below Niles, Ohio. Do July 15,1940 21.0 .4 4.7 2.1 91 6.1 37 136 Do July 22,1940 205 29.0 0 0 1.3 75 6.1 37 132 Do July 30,1940 111 28.0 0 0 1.6 430 6.1 Do Aug. 6,1940 149 26.5 0 0 1.5 11,000 6.1 BMa 45.8 July 2,1940 879 16.5 6.5 66.2 2.9 430 6.6 37 bridge, Girard, Ohio. Do July 16,1940 251 23.0 5.7 65.4 2.4 430 6.4 Do July 23, 1940 170 29.0 5. 1 65.1 1.5 430 6.2 Do July 30,1940 120 28.0 4. 1 51.3 1.8 73 6.1 34 190 BMa 43 July 2,1940 1,210 16. 5 7.1 72.2 3.4 2,400 6.8 46 Bridge, Youngstown, Ohio. Do 256 22.5 5.2 59.2 1.6 91 6.2 Do July 23,1940 199 29.0 4. 1 52.5 1.2 43 6. 1 Do July 31,1940 134 29.5 3.5 45.2 2.0 240 6.1 Do 185 29.5 2.9 37.7 .8 21 6.0 Do Aug. 9, mo 132 29.0 3.5 45.2 2.3 430 6.4 Do Aug. 13,1940 120 31.0 2.8 37.5 1.9 240 6.1 Do Aug. 14,1940 115 31.0 2.7 36.0 1.6 150 6.0 BMaMi 57.5 June 26| 1940 4 15.5 7.9 78.5 1.4 43 7.8 250 Ohio. Do 4 18.0 6.1 63.6 .4 46 7.8 Do July lo! 1940 1 19.5 3.8 40.6 3.4 460 7.5 Mill Creek, 1 mile below Columbiana, BMa Mi 55.5 June 20,1940 15 15.0 7.4 73.0 3.6 2,400 7.6 7 176 180 Ohio. Do June 28.1940 15 17.0 7.2 74.1 1.1 . 73 7.4 8 214 Do July 10,1940 2 19.0 5.2. 55.2 3.0 430 7.5 25 170 BMa 40.2 June 25,1940 25.0 4.5 53.9 4.1 2,400 7.0 44 Bridge, Youngstown, Ohio. Do July 2,1940 1,290 17.0 6.7 68.4 3.4 930 6.9 47 112 Do Julv 16,1940 259 24.5 2.7 31.6 3.2 2,400 6.5 Do July 23,1940 178 32.5 2.1 28.6 2.4 2,400 6.6 Do 140 33.0 2.4 33.5 3.9 9, 300 6.3 Do Aug. 6,1940 187 31.5 .8 10.6 6.4 4,600 6.7 8 204 Do Aug. 9,1940 134 31.5 2.3 30.6 9,300 6.7 Do Aug. 13,1940 124 32.5 1.9 25.5 5.0 4,600 6.6 Do Aug. 14,1940 117 32.0 • 1.8 24.3 5.4 4,600 6.7 2 Less than 1. 430 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tem- perature °C Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per mil- lion Alkalin- ity, parts per mil- lion Hardness parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Crab Creek, Applegate Road, Youngstown, Ohio. Do BMaC 41 July 2,1940 July 16,1940 July 23,1940 July 31,1940 Aug. 6,1940 Aug. 9,1940 Aug. 13,1940 Aug. 14,1940 July 2,1940 July 16,1940 July 23,1940 July 31,1940 Aug. 6,1940 Aug. 9,1940 Aug. 13,1940 Aug. 14,1940 June 25,1940 July 3,1940 July 16,1940 July 23,1940 July 31,1940 Aug. 6,1940 Aug. 9,1940 Aug. 13,1940 Aug. 14,1940 June 25,1940 July 3,1940 July 16,1940 July 23,1940 July 31,1940 Aug. 7,1940 Aug. 9,1940 Aug. 13,1940 17 1 2 1 1 1 (>) ('1 35 10 8 8 9 6 4 4 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 440 1,010 298 184 104 120 119 125 123 15.5 18.5 25.0 25.0 22.5 22.0 25.0 24.5 15.5 18.5 22.0 22.5 23.0 22.0 24.0 23.5 21.5 15.0 18.5 22.5 21.5 22.0 20.0 22.5 22.0 25.0 18.0 25.0 32.5 35.0 30.5 30.0 32.0 9.3' 7.5 3.8 5.9 5.2 6.2 5.7 6.1 5.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.1 8.0 7.1 1.1 .4 6.0 7.2 6.0 5.5 2.4 5.2 0 0 .5 0 7.2 0 92.4 79.1 45.6 69.9 59.3 70.6 67.5 72.4 54.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57.0 78.6 75.0 12.9 4.0 68.2 78.6 68.1 61.9 28.6 54.2 0 0 7.1 0 94.5 0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.9 1.4 .9 4.5 2.0 28.6 33.2 48.3 22.8 24.7 28.0 57.4 38.2 12.4 12.3 11.2 32.1 39.1 19.8 6.2 12.7 21.3 5.8 3.9 8.9 12.7 9.0 10.2 10.9 15.5 21 4 23 240 93 24 9 24 46,000 46,000 460,000 93,000 93,000 240,000 240,000 240,000 36 240 24,000 2 150,000 2,400 910 21,000 15,000 2,400 750 15,000 930 7,500 24,000 15,000 24,000 7.2 7.5 7.4 7.4 -7.5 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.2 9.6 9.0 9.0 10. 1 8.4 9.7 9.3 9.0 9.1 7.1 7.2 6.7 8.8 6.9 6.8 7.0 6.6 6.6 67 Do. . Do Do... Do Do Do Crab Creek Bridge on Federal Ave., Youngstown, Ohio. Do BMaC 39.2. ... 12 32 29 26 23 21 35 23 42 8 17 124 168 164 166 240 222 204 208 176 680 244 310 580 300 202 330 288 252 Do Do Do Do Do Do Gibson Run, Poland Ave., Youngs- town, Ohio. Do . BMaG 38.5 690 213 Do Do Do do 25 21 12 21 18 Do do Do Do Do do Mahoning River, Center Street Bridge, Youngstown, Ohio. Do BMa 37.0. 54 do Do Do Do Do.. Do... do__ Do do Do _ _do _ Table B-7.—Beaver River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 431 Mahoning River, Youngstown Sheet & Tube Bridge, Youngstown, Ohio. Do BMa 36.0 June 25,1940 ! July 3,1940 I July 16,1940 i July 23,1940 I July 31,1940 Aug. 7,1940 Aug. 9,1940 Aug. 13,1940 Aug. 14,1940 June 25,1940 July 3,1940 July 17,1940 July 23,1940 July 31,1940 Aug. 7,1940 Aug. 9,1940 Aug. 13,1940 Aug. 14,1940 June 25,1940 July 3,1940 July 17,1940 July 23,1940 July 31,1940 Aug. 7,1940 Aug. 9,1940 Aug. 13,1940 Aug. 14,1940 July 5,1940 July 17,1940 July 23,1940 Aug. 7,1940 June 25,1940 July 3,1940 July 19,1940 July 31,1940 Aug. 7,1940 Aug. 9,1940 Aug. 13,1940 Aug. 14,1940 Oct. 4,1940 Oct. 16,1940 Oct. 30,1940 Nov. 15,1910 450 1 26.5 1 2.6 32.2 5.2 430 7.1 39 1,050 287 19.0 5.2 55.1 5.3 1,200 4, 300 7.0 Do do_ 26.0 0 0 16.6 6.4 46 146 Do do 210 32.5 0 0 15.1 9, 300 0.6 Do 161 34.5 0 0 16.0 9, 300 15,000 6.5 Do 135 32.5 0 0 8.8 6.3 Do 139 29.5 0 0 10.5 4, 300 6.4 Do 134 32.5 0 0 16.4 - 4, 300 930 6.4 Do 130 33.0 0 0 10.8 6.1 Mahoning River Bridge in Lowel- ville, Ohio. Do BMa 31 5 475 25.5 4.0 47.8 1.2 43 5.5 14 1,090 208 21.5 5.3 69.3 5.4 460 7.0 Do 29.0 3.1 39.6 5.0 930 7.6 Do 262 30.0 3.8 49.1 3.2 43 6.6 Do 209 31.0 0 0 5.3 4 6.0 Do 134 29.0 .5 6.9 3.7 43 6.4 Do 145 30.5 0 0 .6 (>) 6.1 Do 140 31.5 0 0 5.6 4 7.2 Do 140 31.5 .9 11.4 .8 2 5.5 Mahoning River Bridge on U. S. 224, Edinburg, Pa. Do BMa 20 S 490 24.5 4.2 49.7 21.3 1.8 93 6.6 29 1,130 21.0 5.3 58.5 4.8 240 6.8 Do ’ 216 22.0 3.1 34.9 1.8 36 7.6 Do 273 28.0 3.3 42.0 2.1 4 6.8 Do 223 28.5 2.4 30.7 1.9 4 6.2 Do 154 26.0 1.9 22.9 3.2 150 6.9 Do 152 26.5 3.0 36.6 3.3 2 7.0 Do 155 28.5 3.2 40.9 1.8 9 6.9 Do 155 28.0 2.6 32.7 2.0 46 6.6 8 Mahoning River, }i mile above mouth. Do BMa 21.5 83 19.3 5.2 55.8 4.3 93 7.4 25 55 112 263 25.0 4.1 49.0 .7 4 7.5 27 156 Do 289 27.5 4.2 52. 1 3.9 1 7.4 5 144 Do 220 23.9 3.7 43.1 1.6 24 7.2 210 Mahoning River on PA 108, Mahoningtown, Pa. Do __ __ BMa 22.5' 538 23.5 3.8 44.0 2.6 23 6.9 27 40 244 do 1,260 22.0 5.1 58.2 5.9 460 6.8 47 124 Do ' 306 27.5 4.1 51.2 1.3 4 7.4 7 170 Do 240 28.0 3.1 38.9 2.6 9 7.3 5 212 Do 216 24.0 2.9 34.2 2.3 9 7.3 Do 211 25.5 3.2 38.7 1.8 2 7.1 5 252 Do 196 26.5 4.2 51.4 1.9 2 7.0 15 240 Do 140 27.5 3.6 45.4 2.1 8 7.3 256 Do 21.0 4.4 48.4 2.6 2 6.7 3 38 Do 11.5 5. 1 46.2 2.8 11 6.7 23 62 Do 16.5 5.6 57.2 3.5 46 6.9 33 54 Do do 395 12.0 5.6 51.9 1.6 2 6.7 9 45 Do Nov. 28,1940 925 13.0 7.5 70.5 3.7 46 6.7 12 53 1 Less than 1. 2 Seeded and neutralized. 90035—44—pt. 2 19 432 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tem- perature °C Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number ter milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per mil- lion Alkalin- ity, parts per mil- lion Hardness, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Parts per million Percent satura- tion BMa 22.5 Dec. 10,1940 1,025 10. 5 8.0 71.6 5.0 460 6.4 23 50 Mahoningtown, Pa. Do __ Dec. 20,1940 1 505 10.0 8.4 73.8 6.7 230 6.3 85 20 Do Jan. 3| 1941 2,910 7.0 10. 2 84.1 5.1 930 6.5 85 29 BSh 69 July 4,1940 75 17.0 8.3 85.6 1. 6 23 7.4 66 Hotel, Greenville, Pa. Do ... July 18,1940 145 21.0 7.9 87.8 2.4 110 7.4 Do 126 25.0 7. 5 89.0 3. 9 23 7. 4 Do . 130 20. 5 7. 2 79.1 6. 1 43 7.2 Do . . do. Aug. 8! 1940 134 20. 5 7. 2 79. 6 3. 8 4 7.3 BSh 65.5 July 4,1940 91 18.0 7.0 73.3 2.3 73 7. 4 66 ville, Pa. Do do July 18,1940 149 21. 5 6. 8 76. 3 3. 8 240 7.1 Do.. do 138 26.0 6. 6 80.5 3.1 240 7.2 Do 153 21.0 6.1 68.1 6. 3 460 7. 2 Do 135 20.0 6. 4 70. 3 5.1 390 7.3 BSh 52.0 July 4,1940 293 21.0 9.2 102. 0 1. 8 15 7.5 58 Bridge, Sharpsville, Pa. Do .. July 18.19-10 313 23. 5 6.7 77. 9 2.2 1, 100 7.2 Do July 24,1940 183 25. 5 7.3 87. 5 3.0 23 7.4 Do . Aug. 1,1940 197 22 0 8. 1 92. 2 7. 5 4 7. 5 Do . Aug. 8,1940 143 20.0 7. 8 84.6 2. 5 24 7.3 BSh 50.3 July 4,1940 J25 20. 5 8. 8 97.1 2.0 23 7. 5 57 Sharpsville, Pa. Do do Julv 18,1940 352 24.0 6. 4 74.4 2.7 23 7.3 Do 186 26. 0 6.1 74. 6 2.0 23 7.4 Do do 200 22. 0 6.4 73.0 6.0 24 7.4 Do 148 20. 5 6. 8 75. 2 3. 6 15 7.4 BShL 50 June 27,1940 19 20.0 8.7 94. 7 2.1 4 7.4 51 Hubbard, Ohio. Do .. do July 11,1940 2 20. 5 6. 7 73.9 1. 5 4 7.4 Do 2 23.0 5.6 64.7 1. 7 4 7.3 Little Yankee Creek, 4 miles below BShL 47.0. June 27,1940 30 19.0 9.7 104.0 1.0 36 7.4 5 55 78 Hubbard, Ohio. Do do 6 20. 5 7.2 79.4 1.1 43 7.4 30 78 Do... Aug. 5’ 1940 3 23.5 5.9 68.5 1.7 150 7.3 12 90 Table B-7.—Beaver River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 433 Yankee Run Bridge on U S 62, at mouth. Do BShY 44.5 July 4,1940 28 19 0 9.3 99 0 1 4 2 7 3 48 do July 18,1940 8 23 5 7 2 84 1 1 6 24 Do 24,1940 7 25 0 4 4 52 9 1 7 460 7 1 Do... do. 1, 1940 1 21 0 5 6 62 1 2 4 93 Do 8, 1940 (!) 21 5 5 0 55 6 2 3 240 7 2 Shenango River, 4 miles below Sha- BSh 42 July 4,’ 1940 417 19.5 6.8 73.3 2.9 150 7.3 15 59 84 ron, Pa. Do 18,1940 376 25 0 6 0 71 7 2. 7 240 7 1 Do July 24 1940 190 28 0 2 8 34 8 4 5 1 500 7 0 Do 1 1940 202 24 O 3 2 37 6 Do 8,1940 1*54 22 0 3 2 36 5 25 84 Shenango River, 3 miles above New BSh 27.5 July 5,1940 401 16.0 6.2 62.5 1.3 7.2 54 Castle, Pa. Do do July 19,1940 367 24 0 5 4 63. 2 2 7 93 7 3 Do July 25,1940 236 26.0 5. 8 71.0 6 0 43 7 4 Do 2,1940 215 22. 5 5.4 61. 5 12 7 23 7 1 Do 7,1940 207 7 1 80 5 20 112 Do 12,1940 159 25. 5 5 3 63. 7 7. 6 240 7 1 Neshannock Creek Bridge, Pa., 58. BShN.47.5 July 4,1940 45 17.5 8.4 87.2 1.9 2 7. 3 68 Mercer, Pa. Do do July 18, 1940 39 20 0 6.8 74 2 1 6 24 7 2 Do.. July 24, 1940 29 24. 5 6 6 77.6 1 7 240 7 4 Do... 1,1940 4 20. 3 7.1 77 7 7 6 460 7 2 Do 8.1940 11 21.0 7. 5 83. 8 2 4 240 7 4 Neshannock Creek, 1 mile below BShN 46.5 July 4,1940 52 18.0 8.2 85.7 1.6 240 7.4 5 65 104 Mercer, Pa. Do July 18,1940 43 20 0 5 6 61 1 1 4 930 18 104 Do July 24,1940 35 25. 0 4. 1 49 3 1 9 430 7 0 Do 1,1940 12 20. 0 5. 0 54 1 2 6 430 7 2 Do do 8', 1940 12 20 5 5 1 56 1 2 0 230 Neshannock Creek, at mouth, upper BShN 24.5 July 5,1940 149 15.5 8.4 83.3 1.8 4 7.5 4 71 110 edge of New Castle, Pa. Do 19 1940 85 23 0 8 2 94 8 Do. Julv 24 1940 60 Do July 19,1940 85 23 0 Do do 1,1940 43 22 *5 0 4 Do.. 8,1940 25 174 Do 4,1940 13 0 10 5 98 8 (1) Do 16, 1940 7 O 89 7 Do 30, 1940 10 0 Do 15 1940 95 3 *5 Do 28,1940 260 3 5 Do . 10, 1940 278 3 5 13 4 Neshannock Creek, mouth, New. Dec. 20,1940 396 3 5 13.0 98.0 5 93 6 5 22 29 Castle, Pa. Do.. Jan. 3,1941 715 3 5 12.6 94.5 7 230 6.6 12 29 1 Less than 1. 5 Seeded and neutralized. 434 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tem- perature °C Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per mil- lion Alkalin- ity, parts per mil- lion Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Shenango River, Cherry Street BSh 23.0 July 17,1940 258 19.5 8.7 93.5 4.0 150 7.9 Bridge, New Castle, Pa. Do do Oct. 4, 1940 16.0 9.4 94. 7 2. 6 240 6 5 Do. do. Oct. 16,1940 10. 5 8. 9 79. 6 2 3 43 6 8 Do. do Oct. 30; 1940 12.0 8.8 81.0 2. 6 93 6 Q Do do Nov. 15,1940 274 5.0 11.1 86.4 1 9 460 6 Q Do do Nov. 28,1940 615 4.0 12. 1 91. 9 4.1 2 tO ft 8 Do Dec. 10,1940 760 3. 5 12.9 96.7 1. 6 93 6 3 Do do Dec. 20,194!) 1,035 3. 5 12. 5 93.8 1. 2 93 6 6 Do Jan. 3,1941 1,990 4.0 12.1 92.3 1. 3 91 6 7 Shenango River, 1J4 miles below BSh 21.5 July 5,1940 422 16.0 7.5 75.7 2.2 4 7.4 9 57 New Castle, Pa. Do do July 19,1940 453 24.0 6.8 79.8 4. 8 93 7 4 Do do July 25,1940 297 23. 5 5.9 69.0 5 2 23 7 4 Do do Aug. 2,1940 258 20.0 6.7 73.3 14.1 93 7 2 Do do Aug. 12,1940 195 23.5 7.0 81.2 5 6 75 7 2 Beaver River, 8 miles below Chen- B 15.5 July 8,1940 649 25.5 4.5 54.1 3.9 150 7.5 17 72 128 ton Wampum Bridge, New Castle, Pa. Do do July 17,1940 672 22.0 3.9 44.0 5.4 930 7 5 Do do July 25,1940 425 26.0 2.3 27.5 9.4 230 7. 2 Do do... Aug. 2, 1940 396 22.0 3.5 39.2 17.2 150 7.1 Do do Aug. 7,1940 492 24.0 2.8 33.4 8.0 930 7.1 Do do Aug. 12,1940 380 24.5 3.7 43.7 9.2 230 7 0 Do do Oct. 4,1940 17.5 5.3 54.6 4. 5 460 6 7 Do .....do Oct. 16,1940 10. 5 5.5 49.1 3. 2 240 6 9 Do do.. Oct. 30, 1940 13. 5 5. 5 52. 5 5. 4 230 Do do .. Nov. 15, 1940 772 5.0 8.1 63. 5 2.1 1 100 6 7 Do do Nov. 28,1940 1,820 8.0 9.8 82.4 4. 2 4 600 6 9 Do do Dec. 10, 1940 2, 158 6. 5 10.6 85.8 3.4 230 ft ft Do do.. Dec. 20,1940 3, 080 6.0 10. 1 80.8 3.3 230 6 4 Do do Jan. 3,1941 5,925 5.0 11.3 88.0 3.7 430 6 7 Branch Slippery Rock Creek, 1J-3 BCoSl 42 July 5,1940 38 17.5 8.8 91.0 1.2 6 7.4 15 56 86 miles below Slippery Rock, Pa. Do do July 19,1940 39 24.0 2.6 30.1 1.0 4 7.4 Do do July 26,1940 26.5 6.6 81.1 . 8 4 7 4 * Slippery Rock Creek, 3 miles south of BCoSl 42 July 19,1940 24.5 7.9 93.3 .8 i 7.5 20 124 Slippery Rock, Pa. Wolf Creek Branch, upper edge of BCoSIW 47.5 July 5,1940 24 18.5 8.2 86.6 1.4 24 7.3 51 Grove City, Pa. Do do July 19, 1940 11 24.5 5.7 67.9 2.3 8 7.1 Do July 26,1940 6 26.0 6.2 75.9 1.8 4 7.0 Table B-7.—Beaver River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 435 Wolf Creek, 2 miles below Grove BCoSlW 45.5 July 5,1940 31 1 17.5 8.9 92.5 2.0 9 7.4 13 56 82 City, Pa. Do do__ 11 22.0 9.3 105. 0 2.0 2 7.6 14 108 Do Julv 26! 1940 7 22. 0 7. 5 84. 5 1. 7 23 7. 4 10 114 Slippery Rock Creek, above Ell- BCoSl 17.5 June 24,1940 318 22.0 9.1 102.8 .9 4 7.5 14 57 94 wood City, Pa. Do 142 23.5 9.3 108. 6 2.0 91 7.6 17 96 Do July 26! 1940 66 20.0 7.8 102.8 1. 4 2 7.6 10 128 BCo 57.5. June 24,1940 10 20.5 7.3 80.2 1.1 23 6.5 30 S 422, Butler, Pa. Do July 9,1940 6 20.0 6.9 75.0 .7 4 6.6 Do July 26,1940 15 29.0 3. 2 40.9 1.5 7 6.8 BCo 54.0 June 24! 1940 35 22.0 6.5 73.2 12.4 36 6.4 25 low Butler, Pa Do July 9,1940 22 22.0 5. 7 64.2 10.7 23 6.6 Do July 26,1940 18 30.0 1.5 19.9 1.5 4 6.2 BCo 49.0 J une 24,1940 62 21. 5 6.8 76.5 3.0 91 6.6 34 Pennsylvania 328, Renfrew, Pa. Do 39 22.0 6.3 71.2 4.6 93 6.7 Do July 26,1940 21 29.0 6.8 87.3 2.5 23 6.9 BCoB 46 July 8,1940 4 21.5 10.1 113. 5 1.2 46 7.6 56 Mars, Pa. Do July 25,1940 8 23. 5 4.8 55.7 5.2 4,600 7.2 Do Aug. 2,1940 (l) 20.0 1.2 12.9 6.0 11,000 7.2 Do Aug. 12,1940 (i) 23.0 4. 3 49.1 4.9 ' 430 7.4 BCoB 44.5 July 8,1940 8 21.0 9. 5 105.6 2.5 1,100 7.5 63 Mars, Pa. Do July 25,1940 3 22.5 7.6 87.2 2.4 930 7.5 Do Aug. 2,1940 1 19.5 7.8 84.0 2.5 230 7.3 Do Aug. 12,1940 (i) 22.5 7. 2 82. 7 2.0 24,000 7.4 BCoB 41 .. July 8,1940 24 23.0 10.6 122.6 1.9 110 7.8 64 of Evans City, Pa. Do July 25,1940 5 25. 5 6. 1 73.5 3.1 43 7.4 Do 1 21.0 6.0 67.3 3.7 7 7.4 Do Aug. 12,1940 (i) 22. 5 6. 1 69.7 7.4 240 7.6 Breakneck Creek, 1 mile below BCoB 39.0 July 8,1940 31 23.0 7.2 83.1 7.1 2,400 7.5 12 71 90 Evans City, Pa. Do do July 25,1940 6 26.5 6.7 82.1 6.5 4,300 7.4 28 112 Do do Aug. 2,1940 1 20.5 4.5 49. 2 15.0 4, 300 7.1 33 124 Do do.. Aug. 12,1940 (') 23.0 0 0 19.0 36 7.1 33 140 BCo 36.0 June 24,1940 131 21.5 8.2 91.9 1.9 4 7.2 38 19, Harmony, Pa. Do 82 23.0 8.7 100.7 1.6 1 6.9 Do July 26,1940 32 29.0 6.9 89.1 3.5 4 7.2 BCo 31.5. June 24,1940 149 21.5 7.7 86.5 1.8 23 7.2 37 low Zelionople, Pa. Do . do July 9,1940 93 21.5 8.0 89.9 1.3 21 7.2 Do July 26,1940 33 29.5 7.3 94.9 3.4 93 7.4 Connoquenessing Creek, miles BCo 17.0 June 24,1940 210 23.0 9.1 105.1 1.8 4 7.3 16 37 112 above Ellwood City, Pa. Do July 9,1940 123 25.5 8.9 107.1 2.0 4 7.3 20 112 Do . July 26,1940 52 29.0 8.3 107.3 4. 0 24 7.5 30 120 1 Less than 1. i Seeded and neutralized. > 436 01110 river pollution control Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Tem- perature °C Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per mil- lion Alkalin- ity, parts per mil- lion Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Beaver River, Eastvale bridge, B 5.5 July 8,1940 1,050 25.5 9.0 108.7 4.4 9 7.6 61 Beaver Falls, Ohio. Do do July 17,1940 880 22.0 7.4 83.9 3.9 9 7.3 18 150 Do _do July 25,1940 690 25.0 5.9 70.9 2.5 9 7. 2 13 154 Do do Aue. 2,1940 640 23.0 5.1 58.6 3.8 24 7. 2 15 140 Do do. Aug. 7.1940 690 23.0 6.1 69.8 3.2 4 7.1 7 170 Do do Aug. 12,1940 570 24.0 7.3 86.0 6.1 4 7.3 16 162 Beaver River, at mouth__ B 1.4.. Oct. 2,1940 620 18.0 - 8.4 88.3 2.1 1,100 6.5 11 34 Do do. Oct. 4,1940 575 17.0 8.4 86. 2 1.6 430 6. 2 12 24 Do Oct. 8,1940 640 18.0 8.5 89.0 2.6 930 6.1 9 24 Do . ___do Oct. 10,1940 640 17.0 8.5 86.9 2.4 450 6.0 10 14 Do do Oct. 14,1940 640 17.0 8.5 87.7 3. 8 150 6. 2 8 47 Do.._ Oct. lfi, 1940 620 16.5 6.4 64.7 2.8 460 6. 2 12 45 Do do Oct. 18,1940 640 15.0 7.8 77.0 1.9 930 6. 2 12 27 Do do Oct. 22,1940 660 12.0 8.7 80.1 3.0 930 6.0 13 27 Do do Oct. 24.1940 640 12.0 9.0 83.3 2.2 2,400 6.3 11 21 Do do.. Oct. 28,1940 575 12.0 9. 2 84.9 3.9 230 6. 4 12 58 Do do 1 Oct. 30,1940 710 13.0 7.9 74.6 1.9 6.4 37 42 Do do. Nov. 1, 1940 910 12.5 9. 4 87.9 2.8 240 6.4 12 50 Do do 1,320 12. 5 9.8 91.8 2.4 43 6. 5 22 48 Do do Nov. 7,1940 1,150 10.0 10.2 90.3 1.1 24 6. 5 42 43 Do Nov. 13,1940 2,130 9.0 11.0 94.5 1.8 110 6. 8 24 47 Do do Nov. 15,1940 1,690 8.0 11.2 94.5 1.3 43 6. 6 16 35 Do do Nov. 19,1940 1,150 5. 0 12.2 95.3 1.8 150 6. 6 20 37 Do do Nov. 25,1940 1,340 9.0 10.7 92.5 1.3 75 6. 6 25 36 Do do Nov. 27.1940 2,650 7.0 11. 2 92.3 1.6 460 6.6 30 35 Do do Nov. 29,1940 3,830 5.0 12.9 100.9 1.9 91 6.2 35 34 Do.. do Dec. 3,1940 4,000 2.0 13. 2 95.4 2.1 460 7.0 50 35 Do do Dec. 5,1940 2,340 2.0 13.4 97.1 2.8 93 6. 5 23 28 Do do. ... _. 4,700 4.0 13.2 100.7 2.5 150 6. 8 30 30 Do do Dec. 11,1940 3.050 5.0 12.2 95.4 2.0 240 6.3 23 28 Do do Dec. 13,1940 6,200 6.5 12.0 97.5 2.3 93 6.4 20 30 Do do Dec. 17,1940 10, 200 6.0 12.2 97.5 3. 7 1,100 7.0 no 28 Do do. Dec. 19; 1940 5,930 4.0 12.9 98.1 2.1 430 6.8 50 26 Do do Dec. 23,1940 3,630 5.5 12.5 98.7 1.6 150 6.3 22 31 Do do Dec. 27,1940 2.730 7.0 11.8 97.3 1.0 1,100 7.0 23 33 Do.... do Dec. 31,1940 19, 500 5.0 11.6 90.5 6.4 150 6.8 170 33 Do do Jan. 2,1941 15,800 5.5 12.6 99.4 3.3 210 6. 6 70 28 1 Less than 1. * Seeded and neutralized. Table B-7—Beaver River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—summary of innividual results—Continued MUSKINGUM RIVER BASIN CONTENTS Contents : 439 Syllabus and conclusions 441 Description 442 Presentation of field data 444 Presentation of laboratory data 446 Hydrometric data 448 Discussion 451 Pare LIST OF TABLES Mu-1.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 442 Mu-2.—Surface water supplies 444 Mu-3.— Sources of pollution 445 Mu-4.—Industrial wastes 446 Mu-5.—Selected laboratory data 447 Mu-6. Monthly mean summer flows . 449 Mu-7.—Summary of laboratory data 454 LIST OF FIGURES Mu-1.—Map—Sources of pollution 441 Mu-2.—Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data (Muskingum River) 444 Mu-2a.—Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data (Tuscarawas River) 444 Mu-3.—Map—Coliform results 446 Mu-4.—Map—Dissolved oxygen results 446 Mu-5.—Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results 446 Mu-6.—Chart—Summer low-flow frequency curve 450 439 Rodii Population Equivalent I (Face p.441) GPO -43 0 -90035 t LEGEND Areas of Circles Proportional to Population Equivalent of Wastes As Discharged Before Treatment MUSKINGUM —HOCKING BASINS SOURCES OF POLLUTION Fig -Mu-I SCALE OF MILES OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Muskingum Conservancy Reservoirs 1 Atwood 2 Beach City 3 Bolivar 4 Charles Mill 5 Clendening 6 Dover 7 Leesville 8 Mohawk 9 Mohicanville 10 Piedmont I I Pleasant Hill 12 Senecoville 13 T appan 14 Wills Creek Fig.M u - I MUSKINGUM RIVER BASIN Syllabus and Conclusions More than 800,000 people live in the 8,040 square miles in eastern Uhio drained by the Muskingum River. About 400,000 are in urban communities. Forty-six percent of the urban population is in the heavily industralized portion of the basin drained by the upper Tus- carawas River and Sandy Creek. In spite of the extensive efforts made to abate pollution throughout the basin, a problem remains on uPPer Tuscarawas and some of its tributaries. Phe lower Muskingum River and certain tributaries are considered excellent fishing streams. Natural lakes and the conservation pools at the recently completed flood-control reservoirs afford unusually good facilities for recreation. One of these, the Senecaville Reservoir, might be used to augment low flows for pollution abatement below Cambridge. The larger streams, except the upper Tuscarawas, can be restored to or maintained in excellent condition at a reasonable cost. Further uniited improvements in the quality of the more heavily polluted Tuscarawas and some of its tributaries seem economically justified. SYLLABUS (1) All but nine of tlie 94 public water supplies in the basin are erived entirely from underground sources. Only four of the surface are rom streams subject to pollution. U) Sewage from 422,600 people and industrial wastes with a Population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) of about .enter the streams of the basin. About two-thirds of the (3) Laboratory studies indicate that the most heavily polluted streams are in the northeastern part of the basin in the vicinity of a^01L Massillon, and Barberton. |4) Primary treatment of domestic sewage .and removal of settle- uole solids from industrial wastes should suffice to maintain satis- iaetory stream conditions below 8 of the 10 urban communities now uischarging untreated sewage. At Newark and Cambridge secondary weatment is indicated. (5) Primary treatment seems justified at 16 and secondary treat- facilit'at 18 Sma^er rura* cornmunities now without sewage treatment (6) Improvements or additions to existing sewage treatment plants 1(Mnc“cated at Canton, Mansfield, and seven other communities. U) If the Senecaville Reservoir can be used for low-flow control, Primary treatment may suffice at Cambridge. CONCLUSIONS 442 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL (8) The following summary of cost estimates are from table Mu-1. Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Existing $4, 550,000 5,180,000 $440,000 535,000 Estimated additional costs, over existing charges, of programs involv- ing uniform treatment throughout the basin are: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges $4,370,000 6,200,000 $450,000 660,000 Table Mu-1.—Muskingum River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested minimum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment N umber of plants Popula- tion con- nected to' sewers Capital in- vestment Annual charges Pri- mary Second- ary Amortiza- tion and interest Operation and main- tenance Total 13 18 285, 600 $4, 550,000 $287,000 $153,000 $440,000 Suggested minimum correction: 23 20 136,600 2,650,000 2, 220,000 310,000 185,000 105,000 40,000 105,000 290,000 105,000 140,000 Independent industrial waste 100,000 5,180,000 4,370,000 6, 200,000 5,180,000 330,000 270,000 400,000 330,000 205,000 180,000 260,000 205,000 535,000 450,000 660,000 535,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment all waste- Secondary treatment all waste- The Muskingum River Basin comprises 8,040 square miles of east- ern Ohio. The main stream is formed by the junction of its two principal tributaries, the Tuscarawas and Walhonding Rivers at Coshocton in about the center of the basin and flows south for 110 miles to its junction with the Ohio River at Marietta. The larger tributaries are: Description Tributaries Distance above mouth of Muskingum River (miles) Drainage area (square miles) • 75 790 99 850 110 2,250 2,590 110 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 443 There are 25 urban communities in the basin and the population density is slightly more than 100 per square mile. The populations of the larger cities and of the basin as a whole for the past 30 years are tabulated below. Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Larger cities: _ - 50. 217 28,026 20, 708 25.404 13,879 9,410 87,091 29, 569 27,824 26, 718 17,428 18,811 104,906 36,440 33,525 30, 596 26, 400 23,934 108, 401 37, 500 37,154 31,487 26,644 24,028 Mansfield Entire basin: Rural ___ 381,840 239, 011 384,460 317,620 387, 879 389,687 413,578 398,450 620,851 702,080 777,566 812,028 Much of the basin, particularly in the northern and western parts, >s fertile agricultural country. The eastern and southern portions of the area are more hilly and agriculture is less prosperous. Coal mining is important in these sections although production is generally °n the decline. The principal manufactured products are steel and other metals, metal products, machinery, and clay products. Water uses.—The Muskingum has been canalized by the construc- tion of 11 locks and dams which maintain a navigable depth of 5 feet lor 91 miles from Marietta to Dresden. The facilities are not used extensively. There are no important hydroelectric developments in the basin. A system of 14 reservoirs, primarily for flood control, constructed by the United States Engineer Department for the Muskingum Conservancy District at a cost of $45,000,000 was completed in 1938. It has since been taken over by the Federal Government and will be operated as part of the system of reservoirs for flood control on the Ohio River and its tributaries. Eleven of the reservoirs have per- manent pools. These pools and adjoining land have been leased to the Ohio Division of Conservation for development as fishing and recreational areas. Data on the capacity of the reservoirs and the area of the conservation pools are tabulated below. No. Storage (acre-feet) Area of con- Reservoir Stream Total Conserva- tion servation (pool-acres) 1 Atwood 49,700 23,600 1,540 2 Beach City 71, 700 1,700 '420 3 Bolivar „ 149, 600 0 0 4 Charles Mills 88,000 7,400 1,350 5 Clendening... 54,000 27,900 1,800 6 Dover 203,000 1,000 19, 500 350 7 Leesville 37,400 1,000 8 Mohawk 285,000 0 0 y Mohicanville 102,000 0 0 10 Piedmont 65, 000 33,600 13, 500 2,270 850 li Pleasant Hill 87, 700 12 Seneca ville.. 88,500 43,500 3, 550 2, 350 900 13 Tappan._. 61,600 35,100 14 Wills Creek Wills Creek 196,000 6| 000 444 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL These conservation pools, together with Buckeye Lake in the south- western part of the basin and the numerous lakes in the vicinity of Akron, furnish the area with unusually good water recreation facilities. Some of the streams also are used extensively for recreation. The lower Muskingum and Wakatomica Creek are considered outstanding fishing streams. Presentation of Field Data Figure Mu-1 shows the location and magnitude of each source of pollution of consequence in the basin. Figures Mu-2 and Mu-2A show similar data and, in addition, the location of "water supply in- takes subject to pollution and laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. Public water supplies.—Eighty-five of the 94 public water supplies in the basin are -from underground sources. These supply almost 75 percent of the total population of 471,200 served by water supplies. The underground water is generally satisfactory in quality although it is usually hard and sometimes must be treated to remove iron. Of the nine surface water supplies, only four are from streams subject to pollution. Table Mu-2 shows data on the surface water supplies of the basin. Table Mu-2.—Muskingum River Basin: Surface water supplies Municipality Source Mile 1 Treat- ment s Popula- tion served Con- sumption (million gallons per day) Supplies below community sewer outfalls 107 LD 35,000 15,000 10, 000 3.20 1.25 2 00 155 FD 160 FD 2 LD 14, 500 1.60 Other surface supplies 185 F3 12,000 2,300 1,000 26,600 24,000 0. 75 FD . 10 New Concord... D .08 ILD 1.50 FD 1.50 Total: 74, 500 65,900 8. 05 3.93 140,400 11.98 1 Miles above mouth of Muskingum River. 2 I=Iron removal, L—Lime, soda softened; F= 3 Softening plant under construction. 4 Infiltration gallery. =Coagulated, settled, filtered; D=Chlorinated. A number of the communities which now use underground water exclusively are having difficulty in securing adequate supplies. Out- standing among these are Canton and Mansfield. In both instances heavy industrial drafts on the underground supply complicate the problem. Both of these cities may be forced to develop water supplies from surface sources. FIG. Mu-2 SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.)IN THOUSANDS SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT ( B O D.) IN THOUSANDS Coliforms (M.P.N.) per ml. Oxygen p.p.m. LEGEND MUSKINGUM RIVER sources of pollution AND SELECTED laboratory data Navigation Dam Raaarvoir Dam -Indicataa Pollution romovad by Troatmont Wotar Supply Intaka OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 (Face p.444) No. 1 8PO- 43 0 - 90035 F»0- M«.-2o SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS Coliforme (M.P. NJ per ml. LEGEND FIGURE - Mu 2o MUSKINGUM RIVER SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND SELECTED LABORATORY DATA OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUSLIC HEALTH SERVICE It4l «—Reduction by Treatment Reservoir Doe Water Supply Intake (Face p.444) No. 2 GPO -43 0-90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 445 Sewerage.—Table Mu-3 shows the sewered population at each of the more important sources of pollution in the basin. About two- thirds of the total sewered population of 422,600 are served by sewage treatment plants. Thirteen primary treatment plants serve 78,700 people and 18 secondary treatment plants serve 206,900 people. The largest communities without sewage treatment are Zanesville, Newark, Cambridge, New Philadelphia, and Coshocton. Table Mtj-3.—Muskingum River Basin: Sources of 'pollution, including industrial ivastes, expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Municipality Stream Miles above mouth of Musk- ingum River Popula- tion lation con- nected to sewers Treatment Sewered popula- tion equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Un- treated Dis- charged McConnellsville 48 75 92 109 132 164 168 198 219 105 113 154 169 160 183 187 225 159 160 203 211 209 220 221 224 231 232 1.700 30,000 800 10,000 4,000 11,000 9,000 28,000 21.500 29,000 2, 500 12,000 10,200 9.500 12,000 40.500 6,000 4.300 6,200 119,000 3.300 2.700 100 2,800 6,200 4.500 2, 500 33,300 3,400 36.300 81,000 128, 100 4,000 14,400 11,000 37, 200 30, 500 42,000 2,500 12,000 10,200 9.700 12,100 42,900 6,000 4.300 6,200 161, 300 3.300 2.700 6,000 18,000 6,200 10,100 2, 500 39.300 3,400 36,300 81,000 128,100 4,000 14,400 11,000 23,200 19.800 42,000 400 12,000 5,100 6.300 1.900 4.900 900 4.300 6,200 29,50U 400 1,800 6,000 15,600 1,000 1,500 400 30.800 do do N ewcoinersto wn do._ do Massillon do Chemical _ ___do Newark None ... Cambridge None Wooster __ Killbuck Creek Chemical Mount Vernon. ... Kokosing River ... _. Primarv Mansfield Shelby. Black Fork . Dennison __ .. Uhrichsville.. Louisville East Branch Nimishillen Creek. Sandv Creek do._-I Primary Minerva Marshallville.. None Wadsworth.. do-__'___ Chippewa Lake do (>) 422, 600 743, 200 492, 200 1 8 places have primary treatment and 8 have secondary treatment plants. Industrial wastes.-—Four strawboard and paperboard plants account for almost 75 percent of the total population equivalent of 280,500 of all the industrial wastes in the basin not treated at municipal plants. The larger steel plants, concentrated in the northeastern part of the basin around Canton and Massillon have taken steps to dispose of waste pickling liquors. An alkali plant at Barberton discharges large quantities of inorganic salts which greatly increase the hardness of the Tuscarawas River. Table Mu-4 shows data on the industrial waste producing plants. 446 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Mu-4.—Muskingum River Basin: Summary of industrial wastes not dis- charged to municipal treatment plants with total of entire industrial waste load in the basin Number Industrial waste disposal At least minor Estimated sewered population Industry of plants Munici- pal sewers Private outlet tive measures taken equivalent (biochemi- cal oxygen demand) 3 3 3 7,100 14, 200 17,500 6,300 11,400 210,000 2 2 2 8 1 7 7 Milk . 28 28 24 2 2 2 4 4 2 11 1 10 5 26 10 16 11 14,000 Wastes unconnected municipal treatment--. 84 15 69 56 280,500 40,100 320,600 Acid mine drainage.—Moxahala Creek is the largest acid stream in the basin. Some of the small streams in the eastern part of the basin also are acid. The mine-sealing program has reduced the amount of acid entering the streams of the Muskingum and Hocking Basins from about 215,000 tons per year to about 125,000 tons per year. Most of the abandoned mines have been sealed. Presentation of Laboratory Data The results of the dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand tests in the Muskingum River Basin showed generally good conditions at the time of sampling. Average dissolved-oxygen contents were usually over 6.5 parts per million and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand generally less than 3.0 parts per million. Coliform organisms were high, averaging over 100 per milliliter throughout most of the basin. Summaries of the laboratory data are presented in table Mu-7 (p. 454) and selected data on the main stream and its tributaries are shown in table Mu-5. Observations were made at the mobile labora- tory during April, May, and June, 1940, supplemented by observa- tions from the laboratory boat Kiski in May to September, 1940 in the lower end of the basin. Figures Mu-3, Mu-4, and Mu-5 show the average coliform, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand results at various stations. Where observations at any point extended over more than 30 days, the most unfavorable monthly average is shown. in «•» a cn O O a. c0 iH © S d © o ai w LEGEND Average Coliform Results at Sampling Stations. . . . Most probable 0 number per ml. Muskingum Conservancy Reservoirs 1 Atwood 2 Beach City 3 Bolivar 4 Charles Mill 5 Clendening 6 Dover 7 Leesvllle 8 Mohawk 9 Mohicanville 10 Piedmont 11 Pleasant Hill 12 Senecaville 13 Tappan 14 Wills Creek Under 29 26- 50 5 I -100 101-200 Over 200 Fig. Mu-3 MUSKINGUM —HOCKING BASINS COLIFORM RESULTS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE L2±! Fig .Mu-3 n O o tf> o w O CL. CD © 55 S' ft © Fig. Mu-4 cS S • O Q. o» Z >» o c K *- • O (/) •o O* o Q © c 2>i ? UJ o c > « : ° o UJ - & 5 -J ° M. - • ° ° ?• ; s 1 <* • e £T >n cn m o o to t£) m ro o o o J « « 6 i •» ? • ■- *- “ • m - _ O c -^CqCqCO g ; o*S5»->*2!2»£.. oi o0>T^>.o“g;» cm — •> O -C _ OcOO.?_©0^ »-> o * 3 Fig. M u -4 MUSKINGUM —HOCKING BASINS DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 AelO Strata Samplas (NootrolltoO S Saadad) (Face p.446) No. 3 8PO-4J 0-10035 Mutkingum Contarvancy Rotor voirt 1 Atwood 2 Boacti City 3 Bolivar 4 Chariot Mill 9 Clondonlng 6 Dovor 7 Ltttvillo 8 Mohawk 9 Mohlconvillo 10 Piodmont 11 Plootant Hill 12 Stnteavillo 13 Tappan 14 Willi Crook LEGEND Avorago B. 0. D. Rotult* at Sampling Station*. 0.0 to 3.0 3.1 to 9.0 Ovor 9.0 P- P-m. Symbol (Normal (tmpltt) Fig. Mu-5 MUSKINGUM —HOCKING BASINS BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 . Fig.Mu-5 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 447 Table Mu-5.—Muskingum River Basin: Selected labroatory data River Location River miles above mouth of Muskingum. Period, 1940 - Muskin- gum At Mari- etta 0.2 August Muskin- gum Below McCon- nells- ville 47 August Muskin- gum Below Zanes- ville 71 May Muskin- gum Below Dresden 86.5 April- May Muskin- gum Below Coshoc- ton 107 May Tusca- rawas At Co- shocton 110 May Tusca- rawas Below New- comers- town 128.5 May Number of samples - Flow in cubic feet per second: 11 4 3 3 2 3 3 Sampling days 2,050 3,140 494 6,117 17,433 483 3, 215 1,520 1,430 227 Water temperature °C 26.4 24.9 15.0 12.5 104 17.3 256 16.7 350 17.8 244 Coliforins per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 13 85 89 16 43 43 53 million Biochemical oxygen demand, 7.5 7.5 9.5 9.8 8.8 8.4 8.8 5-day, parts per million 2.0 2.6 2.2 1.8 2.1 6.1 1.5 River Tusea- Tusea- Tusea- Tusea- Tusea- Tusea- Tusea- rawas rawas rawas rawas rawas rawas rawas Location Below Above Above Above Above Below Above New Phila- delphia New Phila- delphia Dover N avarre Massillon Barber- ton Barber- ton River miles above mouth of Muskingum. 159 166 170 191 202.5 217 223 Period, 1940 May- May- May- May- May- M ay- Mav- June June June June June June June Number of samples Flow in cubic feet per second: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Sampling days 2,395 2,395 2,073 181 618 569 259 259 Water temperature °0 Hardness, parts per million Coliforms per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 18.8 275 19.2 18.3 18.8 17.7 24.3 1,450 889 22.8 191 389 114 1, 480 4,050 380 million __ Biochemical oxygen demand, 8. 5 9.1 8.2 6.1 4.0 4.1 6.8 5-day, parts per million 1.9 2.2 1.9 2.6 2.3 6.2 3.2 River Styx Chippe- wa Creek Lower Chippe- wa Creek Nimishil len Creek Still- water Creek Still- water Creek Rocky Fork Location - Below Below Below Below Above Below Below Wads- worth Rittman Orrville Canton Dennison Uhrichs- ville Mans- field River miles above mouth of Muskineum. 221 217.5 229.5 193 165 156.5 184 Period, 1940_. July M ay- June May- June May- June May- June May- June June Number of samples Flow in cubic feet per second: 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 Sampling days - 31 29 2 129 27.4 657 894 0 51 10. 6 Water temperature °C 18.0 20.8 20.2 20.2 19.5 19.5 20.8 Coliforms per milliliter- Dissolved oxygen, parts per 240 8,220 8,970 6,650 96 70 15,700 million,_ _ _ Biochemical oxygen demand, 7.7 3.6 4.7 3.5 7.9 7.6 5.0 5-day, parts per million- __ _ 7.6 10.5 7.4 11.2 1.2 1.6 11.7 90035—44—pt. 2 20 448 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Mu-5.—Muskingum River Basin: Selected laboratory data—Continued River Location River miles above mouth of Muskingum. Period, 1940 Jerome Fork Below Ashland 180.5 June Kokosing Below M ount Vernon 155.5 June Killbuck Creek Below Wooster 165 May- June Wills Creek Above Cam- bridge 156.5 May Wills Creek Below Cam- bridge 149 May North Fork Licking Above Newark 107.5 April- May Licking Below Newark 101 April- May Number of samples- 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 54 628 390 387 473 IS 1 38 373 Water temperature °C 19.5 20.8 18.8 15.3 16.0 13.5 11.0 Coliforms per milliliter 161 337 853 103 551 4 313 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 4.2 7.2 6.3 7.5 6.4 10 6 9.2 Biochemical oxvgen demand, 5-day, parts per million 1.4 2.2 2.4 2.3 3.0 2.3 2.1 Average dissolved oxygen results of 5.0 parts per million or less were found only below Canton and Mansfield and along the Tus- carawas River from Barberton to Massillon. High biochemical oxygen demands were observed below Barberton, Rittman, Canton, East Sparta, and Mansfield. Coliform averages of over 100 per milliliter prevailed throughout the basin at the time of sampling except along the main extremities of the Licking River and Wills Creek. Moxahala Creek was found to be acid with pH values of 2.5 to 4.0 and phenolphthalein acidities as high as 290 parts per million. Throughout most of the basin the alkalinity of the stream waters averaged between 100 and 200 parts per million, and the hardness was generally in the same range although below Barberton hardnesses of several thousand parts per million were found. Stream flows were generally high during the time of the laboratory survey except in August and September. These stream-flow condi- tions undoubtedly tend to make the dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand results appear more favorable and the coliform results more unfavorable than would have been the case had the laboratory observations been made during the low-flow and high-temperature months. Biological summary.—The plankton volume of the entire watershed is fairly high, ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 parts per million in the main stream to somewhat less in the principal tributaries. The streams support a good mixed-fish population. Hydrometric Data Forty stream-gaging stations have been maintained in the Muskin- gum River Basin for varying lengths of time and 34 of them are cur- rently in operation. Many of these have been established recently in connection with the activities of the Muskingum Conservancy District. Table Mu-6 shows mean monthly summer flows during some of the low-flow years at eight selected stations. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 449 Table Mu-6.—Muskingum. River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred Tuscara- Muskin- Nimishil- was gum len Creek Creek Near Dover At Dres- At North At Ubrichs- ville den Industry 169 91 199 160 1,398 5,982 1922-39 175 367 1922-39 1924-39 1922-39 1932 1930 1932 1930 June cubic feet per second-. 357 1,330 44.9 14.2 July 486 717 52.0 4.6 August-.. 258 483 28.0 0 September 188 544 30.0 0 1930 1932 1930 1939 June-- ...cubic feet per second.. 409 1,180 55.8 274 July 251 1,600 31.4 152 August - 204 776 37.5 69.6 September 217 550 33.7 5.0 1939 1939 1934 1932 ...cubic feet per second.. 789 3,581 2,876 63.5 31.2 42.2 July 648 40.5 August 374 1,622 68.3 20.8 September 232 682 90.9 5.2 Kokosing Wills Creek Licking Creek At Mill- At Kill- At Birds Run At Toboso wood buck 143 141 127 730 1928-38 93 672 472 466 1922-39 i 1924-39 1930 1932 1930 June.. 102 79.1 27.1 96.0 July 57.7 108 9.9 59.8 August 46.4 34.7 55.5 51. 6 September 58.9 34.8 9.8 53.8 1932 1930 1932 June 99.0 106 55.4 138 July 82.5 52.8 142 265 August 48.9 35.6 75.7 70.3 September 46.9 39.1 24.2 62.7 Year 1934 1939 1936 1925 June ...cubic feet per second.. 89.8 228 29.3 139 July 88.9 126 56.1 223 August. 89.0 71.7 93.2 120 September 48.4 42.9 58.4 63.0 * From 1924 to 1930 station was at Layland, 7 miles downstream, drainage area, 507 square miles. 450 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Fig. Mu-6 FIGURE MU-6 SUMMER LOW FLOW FREQUENCY CURVE MUSKINGUM RIVER AT DRESDEN OHIO 1922 TO 1939 INCL Percent or Years Minimum Monthly Mean Discharge Equaleo or Eyceeded (Only June-July-August-September considered) U S E 0 -O ft 0. Monthly Mean Discharge in c r.s OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 451 Proposed stream control.—Three reservoir sites, in addition to the 14 already used, have been studied by the United States Engineer De- partment in connection with the authorized program for flood control on the Ohio River and its tributaries. These sites are on Killbuck Creek, Wakatomika Creek, and the Licking River. The existing reservoiis are not being used at present for low-flow regulation. At those reservoirs with conservation pools, regulation is limited to the maintenance of conditions approximating those that prevailed before the construction of the dams. At those without conservation pools passage of low flows is unimpeded. The reservoirs could be used for low-flow regulation but the feasibility of such use is doubtful in view of existing recreational facilities which might be damaged by attendant fluctuations in reservoir levels. Discussion In general, the streams of the basin, except some of those in the densely populated northeastern part of the basin and a few receiving acid mine drainage, can be restored to relatively high standards of water quality with available treatment methods at a cost which seems justified by the prospective benefits. In the northeastern section of the basin high standards of water quality cannot be achieved generally at economically justified costs with available methods of treatment. Lower standards of quality adequate to prevent serious nuisance seem practicable. Completion of the mine-sealing program will effect further reductions in the acidity of the streams. The bulk of the acid load is from active mines which would not be affected until sealing activities are modified to bring acid from worked-out sections of active mines under control. Primary treatment is indicated at 23 places and secondary treat- ment at 20 places as well as improvements or additions to 10 existing plants. Tuscarawas River.—The greatest concentration of population and industry and the most heavily polluted streams are in the northeastern part of the basin where Canton, Massillon, and Barberton are located. The larger communities in this area have sewage-treatment plants but the residual pollution after treatment, together with the industrial waste load, grossly pollutes the rather small streams that drain the area. The alkali plant at Barberton has the most far-reaching pollu- tional effect of any industry in the basin. The waste salts discharged increase the hardness of the Tuscarawas River to several thousand parts per million in its upper reaches and make the river throughout its length so saline as to render it undesirable as a source of water supply. A paper plant manufacturing paperboard is located at Rittman where the receiving stream is very small. In spite of intensive efforts to reduce pollution which have resulted in recirculation of over 80 percent of the wastes and almost 90 percent reduction in the bio- chemical oxygen demand loading, the receiving stream is still heavily polluted. Steps should be taken to reduce the waste load further, after which continued effort to develop more efficient pollution-control measures is amply justified. 452 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL The Barberton and Massillon sewage treatment plants provide only partial treatment and although the quality of the Tuscarawas River could be improved by more relined treatment, the additional expendi- ture does not seem economically justified until effective steps are taken to abate industrial pollution. Present water uses along the upper Tuscarawas do not demand very high standards of water quality. At Canton the sewage-treatment plant, though probably adequate to treat the municipal wastes, is bypassed frequently because of break- downs in the long trunk sewer leading to the plant. Methods of insur- ing the continuous flow of wastes to the plant are being studied and corrective measures should be undertaken quickly. It may be found desirable to construct a new plant nearer the city. At New Philadelphia, Dover, Dennison, and Uliriclisville stream flows are higher and primary treatment of sewage and removal of settleable solids from industrial wastes should suffice to maintain satisfactory stream conditions. Muskingum River.—At the communities along the Muskingum, where sewage is being discharged untreated, stream flows are large enough to permit the disposal of wastes with only primary treat- ment. At Zanesville, Dresden, and Coshocton primary treatment of sewage and removal of settleable solids from industrial wastes should be adequate. Three of the four paper plants, which account for two-thirds of the oxygen demand load from industrial wastes, manufacture strawboard and are located on the Muskingum River at Coshocton and Dresden where stream flows are relatively large. Recirculation systems or other measures to eliminate the discharge of settleable solids should be sufficient to maintain a satisfactory standard of water quality. Miscellaneous pollution.—In spite of the relatively new and com- plete sewage-treatment plant at Mansfield, the receiving stream, Rocky Fork, a tributary of the Mohican River, is heavily polluted. General plans for the correction of the situation have been prepared involving additional sewers and increased plant capacity. At Newark, on the Licking River, and Cambridge, on Wills Creek, secondary treatment is indicated. Plans and estimates have been prepared for a complete treatment plant at Newark. Secondary treatment is also indicated at certain small communities where wastes are discharged to streams which are practically dry during a consider- able part of the year. A large number of small cheese plants are located in the area drained by Sugar Creek and Killbuck Creek. Only a few of these are access- ible to municipal sewers and a number of small industrial-treatment plants will be required. Low-flow regulation.—Cambridge, on Wills Creek, is the only com- munity requiring secondary treatment located below one of the exist- ing or proposed flood-control reservoirs. The Senecaville Reservoir, about 30 miles above Cambridge, has the largest conservation pool of any of the Muskingum conservancy district reservoirs. If the entire conservation capacity were used for low-flow control, it could provide a flow of 100 cubic feet per second at the reservoir and somewhat more than that at Cambridge (see table Mu-6) during the diyest year of record. Use of the entire conservation pool for flow regula- tion does not seem feasible in view of the recreational and other OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 453 development which has taken place at the reservoir. These develop- ments require a reasonably constant reservoir level during the sum- mer season and operation for flow regulation would conflict with this requirement. The determination of how much, if any, of the con- servation storage might justifiably be used for flow regulation will require an appraisal of the damages which would be caused by fluctuat- ing the reservoir level during the low-flow season. Table Mu-1 shows the estimated cost of the suggested pollution- abatement program, of the work done to date, and of programs for primary and for complete treatment of all wastes. 454 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million River Styx, above Wadsworth, Ohio.- MuTStx 224 May 22,1940 4 22.0 8.6 97.5 5.8 46 7.7 153 Do June 3,1940 13 16.0 7.4 74.6 .5 9 7.2 7.4 7.5 Do c?o June 10,1940 27 22.5 6.0 68.3 1.0 240 46 River Styx, 2 Hi miles west of Wads- MuTStx 223.5 July 12,1940 18.5 7.1 75.0 1.4 worth, Ohio. River Styx, 3 miles below Wads- worth, Ohio. MuTStx 221 May 22,1940 4 21.5 10.6 119.0 3.7 43 7.9 15 174 Do do June 3,1940 10.1940 12.1940 22.1940 13 16.5 7.6 76.8 . 5 23 1,100 240 1,100 7.2 7.3 7.6 7.9 180 164 176 290 Do do__ 27 21. 5 6.4 71.7 2 0 53 16 17 Do do. July May 31 18.0 7.7 80. 9 7.6 River Styx, Y mile above Rittman, Ohio. MuTStx 220.5 4 21.0 11.9 132.1 4.0 108 Chippewa Creek, 2 miles below MuTCh 223.5 May 28,1940 15 16.5 8.9 90.5 1.7 240 7.5 23 127 220 Creston, Ohio. Do do June 5,1940 10,1940 14 22. 5 8.4 95.8 1.8 240 460 24 7.5 7.5 7.8 22 204 Do_ do ... June 54 25.5 6.7 80. 7 2. 1 Chippewa Creek, mile south of MuTCh 220.5 May 22,1940 7 20.5 10.2 112.0 3.3 160 Rittman, Ohio. Do do June 3,1940 26 16.0 7.4 74.7 .5 24,000 7 5 Chippewa Creek, 2 miles below Ritt- man, Ohio. Do MuTCh 217.5 May 22,1940 7 23.5 0 0 24.7 7.2 32 182 310 do June 3,1940 10.1940 28.1940 26 16.0 5.9 59.4 2.1 230 430 11,000 38 73 58 200 196 256 Do do June 54 23.0 4. 8 55.1 4. 6 7.6 7.2 Little Chippewa Creek, \i mile below MuTChl 229.5 May 1 18.0 5.3 55.9 15.0 148 Orrville, Ohio. Do do_._ 5,1940 10.1940 22.1940 1 23.5 6.4 74.1 4 7 15,000 910 1,100 7.4 6.5 8.4 25 47 184 152 Do .. __do June 4 19.0 2. 4 25. 5 2. 6 Tuscarawas River, miles above MuT 223 May 50 22.0 5.8 65. 1 7.3 240 Barberton, Ohio. \ Do do June 3, 1940 206 21.0 8.0 8.8.8 1.1 36 4 7.6 7.4 9.6 Do do June 10,1940 521 25.5 6.8 81. 3 1. 2 Wolf Creek, 200 feet above mouth, MuTWo 219 May 22,1940 25 32.0 3.9 53.1 12.7 4 20 440 below Barberton, Ohio. Do do_ 3,1940 10.1940 12.1940 60 20.0 7. 2 78. 1 67. 4 21.2 10 5 24 460 240 8.8 7.3 7.6 45 65 28 122 1,160 620 1,900 Do June 76 25.0 5.7 Do do_._ July 20 25.5 3.3 39.9 9.1 Table Mu-7.—Muskingum River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 455 MuT 218.5 May 22,1940 50 28. 5 3.1 39.3 12.4 4 9.6 340 2,250 age plant, Barberton, Ohio. Do :do June 3,1940 206 21.0 5.4 59.7 1.0 / 93 8. 4 134 Do- June 10,1940 521 25. 5 4.2 50.5 5. 3 2,400 7.8 Do July 12,1940 69 23. 5 1.3 15. 5 4.5 93 7.5 Tuscarawas River, 1 mile below sew- MuT 217 May 22,1940 50 27.5 3.4 42.9 12.9 230 8.0 10 64 age plant, Barberton, Ohio. Do._ June 3,1940 206 20.0 6. 5 60.0 1.5 36 8.0 33 156 1,600 Do do__ June 10,1940 521 25. 5 3.5 41.9 4.0 2,400 7. 7 42 1, 300 Do July 12.1940 69 23.0 . 5 5. 3 6.9 930 7.4 21 5, 800 Tuscarawas River, 1 mile above MuT 210 May 17,1940 139 14.0 3.0 29. 1 6.3 930 7.4 172 Canal Fulton, Ohio. Do do May 20.1940 131 19. 0 4.4 47. 4 2. 5 230 7. 6 Do June 13,1940 1.220 21.0 3. 3 36.9 2. 3 390 7.3 Tuscarawas River, 2 miles below MuT 207 May 17,1940 139 12.5 2.2 20.4 3.0 1,500 7.4 12 126 Canal Fulton, Ohio. Do do May 20,1940 131 18.5 2.3 24. 5 2.4 43 7.5 Do do June 13,1940 1,220 21.5 3.7 41.8 3.0 1,500 7.5 Tuscarawas River, 3 miles above MuT 202.5 May 17,1940 159 12.5 4.0 37.5 2.5 11,000 7.5 156 Massillon, Ohio. Do do._ May 20,1940 148 19.0 4.8 50.8 1.5 230 7.5 Do June 13,1940 1,400 21.5 3.3 37.4 2.9 930 7. 5 275 Tuscarawas River Y mile above sew- MuT 197 May 17,1940 ' 173 11.5 6.8 61.7 2.6 280 7.5 158 age plant Massillon, Ohio. Do do__ May 20,1940 162 19.5 10.2 109.9 2.4 240 7. T’ Do .. June 13,1940 1,520 22.5 4.2 48.5 1.8 230 7.3 330 Tuscarawas River, city limits above MuT 191 May 17,1940 173 12.0 5.9 54.4 2.1 930 7.3 136 Navarre, Ohio. Do do May 20,1940 162 19.0 8.4 89.7 2.0 1, 100 7.6 Do.. June 12,1940 1,520 25.5 3.9 46.9 3.9 2, 400 7.3 Tuscarawas River, 2 miles below MuT 188.. May 17,1940 173 13.0 8.0 75.1 1.7 430 7.5 7 154 1,470 Navarre, Ohio. Do May 20,1940 162 19.0 10. 6 113.8 2.2 240 7.8 12 164 Do ... .do. June 12,1940 1,520 25.5 3.8 46.3 3.6 750 7.3 280 322 Clear Fork of Sandy Creek, 1 mile MuTSaCl 210.5. .. June 11,1940 37 25.0 7.6 90.6 .9 43 7.2 35 72 above Minerva, Ohio. Clear Fork of Sandy Creek, Y mile MuTSaCl 309.8.. May 24,1940 39 16.5 8.3 83.9 2.7 240 7.3 53 71 120 above Minerva, Ohio. Do .. May 29,1940 22 17.5 9.5 99.0 4.6 43 7.2 15 58 108 MuTSaS 211 June 6,1940 33 26.0 7.9 96.2 1.0 15 7.2 • 64 above Minerva, Ohio. Do June 11,1940 18 24. 5 6.3 74.8 1.1 23 7.2 MuTSaS 210 May 29,1940 35 17.0 8.7 89.5 8.6 43 7.1 above Minerva, Ohio. Sandy Creek, Y mile below disposal MuTSa 208 May 24,1940 39 16.5 7.3 74.4 8.5 4,600 7.3 45 87 156 plant, Minerva, Ohio. Do. 22 18.0 8.7 90.9 3.5 9,300 7.3 25 96 Do June 6,1940 18 25.5 8.0 96.0 1.2 '430 7.3 22 74 Do 37 23.5 6.6 76.3 1.2 930 7.2 55 66 MuTSa 205.5 . 123 23.5 6. 4 74.3 1.4 43 7.2 vern, Ohio. 456 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms. Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Pipe Run, 1 mile above Malvern, Ohio. MuTSaP 205.5.... May 24,1940 11 16.0 7.5 75.6 2.7 240 7.0 41 Do - do June 11,1940 10 23.0 6.8 78.3 .9 36 7.2 23 62 Sandy Creek, 3 miles below Malvern, Ohio. MuTSa 201 May 24,1940 141 16.0 7.6 76.0 1.6 93 7.3 40 89 200 Do June 11,1940 May 24,1940 133 24.5 6.8 80.6 1.7 150 7.5 52 74 Sandy Creek, city limits above Waynesburg, Ohio. 330 15.5 7.5 74.4 .7 24 7.2 105 Sandy Creek, 216 miles below Waynesburg, Ohio. MuTSa 197 364 14.5 8.3 81.0 1.7 43 6.9 37 48 232 Nimishillen Creek, East Branch, 16 mile above Louisville, Ohio. MuTNiE 211.5... May 21,1940 1 19.0 9.6 102.6 2.5 93 7.6 152 Do. do May 29,1940 June 6,1940 May 21,1940 10 17.0 11.2 114.5 1.4 43 7.8 Do 13 23.0 9.0 104.3 .6 43 Nimishillen Creek, East Branch, 3 MuTNiE 206.5... 1 19.0 10.4 111.3 1. 5 3 7.2 22 116 400 miles below Louisville, Ohio. * Do May 29,1940 June 6,1940 May 21,1940 16 17.5 5.2 53.5 1.2 110 6.9 48 330 Do 13 23.5 10.2 119.2 .4 4 7.6 7 280 Nimishillen Creek, Middle Branch, MuTNiM 206.5— 13 18.5 10.2 107.9 2.7 93 8.0 7 169 330 1 mile above Canton, Ohio. Do do May 29,1940 June 6,1940 May 21,1940 26 16.5 8.8 89.4 .9 43 7.8 20 280 Do do 19 24.0 9.8 114.3 2.0 93 7.7 8 270 Nimishillen Creek, West Branch, MuTNiW 205.8... 9 15.5 9.0 89.9 1.0 9 7.6 12 130 340 114 miles above Canton, Ohio. Do do May 29,1940 June 6,1940 May 21,1940 20 16.0 9.9 99.6 .4 9 7.6 5 310 Do 15 24.0 10.5 123.0 .6 9 7.9 5 250 Saxon Run, at mouth, Canton, Ohio. MuTNiSx 202.4... 9 24.5 6.4 76.2 14.7 2 7.0 42 196 450 Do __ do May 29,1940 32 20.0 5.6 60.7 22.0 15 6.7 150 115 440 Do June 6,1940 24 23.5 6.1 71.4 4.7 46 7.3 13 340 MuTNi 193 May 21,1940 92 22.5 4.1 46.6 21.0 4,600 7.4 18 188 410 Canton, East Sparta, Ohio. Do . May 29,1940 June 6,1940 171 16.0 5.2 52.2 6.8 360 7.3 14 400 Do .do 125 22.0 1.2 14.0 5.8 15,000 7.2 10 340 Indian Fork Creek, 1 mile above Carrollton, Ohio. May 24,1940 13 15.5 8.3 82.7 4.9 240 7.1 58 Do June 7,1940 June 11,1940 6 26.0 9.6 116.7 .5 23 7.9 Do do 12 22.0 7.4 84.1 .6 3 7.4 Table Mu-7.—Muskingum River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 457 MuTCoI 195 May 24,1940 20 15.5 6.3 62.8 14.9 2,400 7.1 160 57 112 Carrollton, Ohio. Do do June 7,1940 June 11,1940 May 23,1940 8 25. 5 10. 9 131.2 1.7 36 8.6 6 76 Do 18 22. 5 6.9 78. 4 1.7 430 7.4 14 78 Tuscarawas River, 2 miles above MuT 170 440 19.0 9.3 99.0 2.0 93 7.8 118 Dover, Ohio. Do do._ May 31,1940 June 7,1940 4,620 1,160 14.0 8.4 80.8 2.2 210 7.2 Do do... 22.0 7.0 79.6 1.6 39 7.4 Sugar Creek, 1 mile above Brewster, Ohio. MuTSu 185 May 17,1940 ' 36 10.5 10.4 93.2 1.6 24 7.6 90 128 270 Do. do May 20,1940 June 13,1940 May 20,1940 41 18.0 10.1 106. 0 . 7 1 7.8 Do .. .do 362 27.5 4.1 51.7 2.3 460 7.0 Elm Run, H mile above Brewster, MuTSuE 185 0) 18. 5 11.9 120.0 1.2 9 8.0 5 128 664 Ohio. Do do June 13,1940 May 17,1940 5 20. 5 7.7 84. 5 1.2 240 7.1 75 112 Sugar Creek, 1 mile below Brewster, Ohio. MuTSu 183 36 10.5 10.0 89.0 1.7 93 7.6 131 Do May 20,1940 June 13,1940 41 18. 5 11.7 123. 5 1. 1 23 8.0 16 740 Do. .... 362 28.0 3. 5 44. 7 2. 3 4,600 240 6.8 310 100 Walnut Creek. mile south of Wal- MuTSuSW 190... May 27,1940 4 15.0 9.8 96.7 1.8 7.3 55 nut Creek, Ohio. Do .. do.. June 4.1940 1 20.5 8.8 97.5 1.2 75 7.4 Goose Creek, y> mile north of Walnut MuTSuSG 190.... May 27,1940 2 14.5 10.1 98.7 1.1 240 7.2 14 47 96 Creek, Ohio. Do .....do..... June 4.1940 1 20.5 10.5 115.2 .5 9 7.5 10 116 Walnut Creek, 2‘A miles below Wal- MuTSwSW 187.5. May 27,1940 7 15.0 9.6 94.9 .8 430 7.2 22 49 100 nut Creek, Ohio. Do do June 4,1940 2 21.0 8.6 95.3 7.8 91 7.2 29 108 South Fork Sugar Creek, 1 mile above Sugar Creek, Ohio. MuTSuS 191.5.... May 27,1940 11 18.0 8.9 93.6 3.7 240 7.0 37 Do do June 4,1940 June 12,1940 8 21.5 8.9 99.6 .9 43 7.1 27 80 Do . _ do 11 25.5 7.4 89.0 2 3 75 7.2 South Fork Sugar Creek, 3 miles be- MuTSuS 171.5.... May 27,1940 15 16.5 9.2 93.3 1.3 43 6.2 32 20 96 low Sugar Creek, Ohio. Do .... June 4,1940 11 22.0 8.2 93. 1 1.0 43 6.4 31 84 Do . . June 12,1940 16 25.0 7.7 91.9 . 6 150 6.9 85 74 Sugar Creek, }4 mile above Stras- burg, Ohio. MuTSu 174.5 May 23.1940 46 17.5 8.0 82.8 1.0 (>) 7.6 114 Do . May 31,1940 June 7,1940 801 14.5 8.5 83.0 .7 110 7.5 Do 116 21.0 6.8 75.9 .4 4 7.4 Sugar Creek, 1U miles below Stras- burg, Ohio. MuTSu 171.5 May 23,1940 46 17.0 8.1 83.4 1.1 23 7.6 7 118 200 Do May 31.1940 June 7.1940 801 14.5 8.5 83.0 1.3 240 7.2 43 188 Do .. 116 20.5 7.0 76.5 . 4 9 7.3 14 160 MuT 166 May 23,1940 486 20.0 10.7 116.8 2.3 23 7.9 89 New Philadelphia, Ohio. Do May 31,1940 June 7,1940 5,420 1,280 14.5 8.2 80. 6 2. 6 1,100 7.1 Do 23.0 8.4 96.8 1.5 43 7.4 1 Less than one. 458 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Tuscarawas River, 3M> miles below MuT 159 May 23,1940 486 19.5 8.9 96.1 1.8 240 7.5 12 110 328 New Philadelphia, Ohio. Do do_ May 31,1940 5,420 14. 0 8.7 84.0 2.3r 240 7 2 110 230 Do •_ 1, 280 23. 0 7. 9 90.9 1.6 93 7 5 28 900 Little Stillwater Creek, 3 miles above MuTLSti 163 May 23,1940 274 19.5 9.4 101.5 2.0 2 7.4 32 44 100 Dennison, Ohio. Do do May 31,1940 138 14.0 8. 4 81.0 1.9 110 7 1 29 96 Do _ ...do 297 24.0 7.5 88. 3 2. 3 23 7 3 17 86 Big Stillwater Creek, 3 miles above MuTBSt 165. May 23,1940 261 19.5 8.2 88.9 1.2 4 7.4 94 Dennison, Ohio. Do do May 31,1940 1,330 14.0 8.4 80.7 1.1 240 7.2 Do June 7,1940 ' 380 25.0 7.2 85.8 1.4 43 7.4 Big Stillwater Creek, 2 miles below MuTBSt 156.5.... May 23,1940 535 20.5 7.9 87.0 1.5 23 7.2 26 64 112 Uhrichsville, Ohio. Do do__ May 31.1940 1,470 14. 5 8. 2 79.8 1 7 93 7.0 95 132 Do do June 7,1940 '677 23. 5 6. 6 76. 9 1. 6 93 6 9 28 98 Tuscarawas River, city limits above MuT 131... May 8,1940 1,770 18. 5 8.4 88.9 1.2 24 7.2 73 Newcomerstown, Ohio. Do Mav 14,1940 1,320 20.0 9.1 99. 5 1. 5 4 7.5 Do do May 16,1940 1,200 14.0 8.8 85.1 1. 2 9 7.4 Tuscarawas River, U mile below MuT 128.5 May 8,1940 1,770 18.5 8.5 90.1 1.4 43 7.2 10 76 220 Newcomerstown, Ohio. Do do May 14,1940 1,320 20.0 9.1 99. 5 1 7 23 7 5 12 268 Do do May 16,1940 1, 200 15.0 8.9 87.5 1.4 93 7.4 Tuscarawas River, 1 mile north of MuT 120 May 8,1940 1,840 18.5 8.4 89.1 2.3 46 7.4 77 West Lafayette, Ohio. Do May 14,1940 1,370 20.0 9. 2 100.7 2.0 4 7. 6 Do May 16,1940 1,250 14.5 8.8 86. 2 1 4 4 7 4 Tuscarawas River, 500 feet above con- MuT 110 May 8,1940 1,880 17.5 8.3 85.9 5.0 43 7.5 32 75 fluence with Walhonding River. Do May 14.1940 1,400 19. 5 8.6 92.3 6.4 43 7.6 Do May 16,1940 1, 280 13.0 8.3 78. 6 6.9 43 7 5 22 350 Black Fork, mile above Shelby, MuWaMoBl 206.. June 18,1940 2 24.0 8.2 95.8 1.0 43 7.8 188 Ohio. Do do June 19,1940 4 21.5 7.2 80.9 1.8 480 7.3 Do do June 20,1940 2 16.0 7.6 76.9 .5 460 7.5 Black Fork, 1 mile below Shelby, MuWaMoBl 202.5 June 18,1940 5 22.5 7.2 82.1 1.3 91 7.5 14 122 156 Ohio, Table Mu-7.—Muskingum River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 459 Black Fork, 2# miles below Shelby, MuWaMoBl 201— June 19,1940 12 20.5 5.4 59.7 3.1 2,400 7.1 390 120 Do' June 20,1940 7 15. 5 • 6.6 65. 5 1. 6 4 600 7 2 53 180 Rocky Fork, 1J4 miles above Mans- MuWaMoBIR 190 June 17; 1940 17 19.5 7.6 81.5 .7 75 7.4 152 field, Ohio. Do June 18,1940 23 22.0 7.0 79.7 2.6 460 7. 6 Do June 19.1940 66 21.0 5.7 63.7 1.6 460 7.0 Rocky Fork, miles below Mans- MuWaMoBIR 184 June 17,1940 24 19.5 5.1 54.9 1.2 430 7.5 23 172 196 field, Ohio. Do do June 18,1940 33 22.5 3.0 34 4 30 7 46 000 7 0 Do do June 19,1940 95 20. 5 7.0 77 6 3 1 ’ 750 7 1 ’ 290 122 Black Fork, west edge of Loudenville, MuWaMoBl 103.. June 14,1940 471 23.5 6.0 69.3 2.6 23 7.5 111 Ohio. Do.. June 17,1940 426 21. 5 5. 8 65.3 1.5 460 7.5 Do June 20,1940 459 19.0 6.4 68.4 2 0 460 7. 5 Black Fork, 1>4 miles below Louden- MuWaMoBl 161.. June 14,1940 471 21.5 6.1 68.5 3.3 430 7.3 155 108 152 ville, Ohio. Do do June 17,1940 426 21. 5 6.0 67. 5 2 2 430 7 4 142 Do June 20,1940 459 19. 0 6.4 68.1 2 5 430 7 4 75 Clear Fork, north city limits Belle- MuWaMoCl 180.. June 14,1940 145 21.5 7.9 88.8 .9 126 7.7 37 118 128 ville, Ohio. Do June 17.1940 131 21.0 7.8 86.4 .4 15 7. 6 Do June 19,1940 366 21.0 7.1 79.3 1.8 1,100 7. 5 Clear Fork, 3x/i miles below Belle- MuWaMoCl 174.5 June 14,1940 145 21.5 7.5 84.3 1.1 43 7.6 126 ville, Ohio. Do... June 17,1940 131 21.0 7.6 84.9 .3 9 7. 6 152 Do 366 21.0 5. 3 58 7 2 5 460 7 5 360 no Jerome Fork, 1\$ miles above Ash- MuWaMoJe 183.. June 14,1940 78 20.0 7.0 76.6 .9 150 7.5 125 land, Ohio. Do June 18,1940 33 21.5 7.3 81.6 1.0 43 7. 6 Do do June 20,1940 31 16.0 7.6 76.4 1.1 460 7. 5 Jerome Fork, 2 miles east of Ashland, MuWaMoJe 180.5. June 18,1940 56 22.0 5.5 62.7 1.3 230 7.6 17 188 Do-. . _ do June 20,1940 52 17. 0 2. 8 28 6 1 4 91 0 6 12 Jerome Fork, 4 miles below Ashland, MuWaMoJe 175.. June 14,1940 130 21.5 5.4 60.8 1.0 430 7.5 58 124 176 Ohio. North Branch, Kokosing River, V> MuWaKoN 101.5. June 17,1940 55 20.5 8.2 90.0 .5 4 7.8 190 mile above Frederickstown, Ohio. Do. June 18,1940 140 21.0 7.7 86.0 . 5 24 7. 8 Do June 19,1940 178 21.0 7.0 78.3 1.4 240 7.5 North Branch Kokosing River, X MuWaKoN 160.5. June 17,1940 55 7.9 .8 93 7.8 13 162 180 mile below Frederickstown, Ohio. Do June IS, 1040 140 21.0 7.4 82.8 .9 93 7.8 30 Do . June 19,1940 178 21.0 6.9 76.6 1. 6 2,400 7. 5 116 Kokosing River, northwest city limits MuWaKo 161.5... June 18,1940 650 22.0 7.4 83.6 .9 23 7.8 168 Mount Vernon, Ohio. Do June 19,1940 825 21.5 6.7 75. 5 3.5 240 7.5 Do June 20,1940 408 18.5 8.5 90.0 .6 240 7.8 460 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter PH Hardness, parts per million ICokosing River, 2 miles below Mount Vernon, Ohio. MuWaKo 155.5... June 18,1940 650 21.5 6.8 76.5 2.8 430 7.8 32 157 180 Do June 19,1940 June 20,1940 May 28,1940 825 21.5 19.5 7.2 7.7 80.6 83.4 2.1 1.8 430 150 7.6 7.5 210 42 160 176 Do 408 Killbuek Creek, 1 mile above Wooster, Ohio. MuWaKi 169 103 15.0 8.9 87.5 1.0 24 7.4 109 Do June 5, 1940 78 22.0 8.0 90. 6 1.3 1.1 46 4 7.6 7.8 Little Apple Creek, H mile above Wooster, Ohio. MuWaKiL 171 May 28,1940 4 13.5 10.4 99.4 6 116 140 Do June 5,1940 June 12,1940 May 28,1940 2 21.0 22.5 15.0 9.4 7.9 7.4 104.2 90.2 73.0 .9 1.3 2.2 24 24 430 8.0 7.4 7.5 116 96 148 Do . ii 38 43 Killbuek Creek. 2D miles below Wooster, Ohio. MuWaKi 165 160 115 Do June 5,1940 June 12,1940 120 20.0 21.5 5.8 5.8 62.9 65.0 99.1 2.7 2.3 1.2 1,200 930 240 7.5 7.3 7.9 32 140 Do 890 Shreve Creek, city limits above Shreve, Ohio. MuWaKiSh 163... May 28,1940 4 17.0 9.6 201 Do June 5,1940 1 19.5 8.8 95.6 1.1 9 110 7.6 7.3 7.9 Do June 12,1940 30 22.0 4.9 55.8 1.9 Shreve Creek, D mile below Shreve, Ohio. MuWaKiSh 161.5. May 28 1940 4 17.5 10.5 109.2 3.0 93 65 205 250 Do June 5,1940 June 12,1940 May 27,1940 1 18.0 21.5 17.5 9.1 7.1 8.0 95.4 79.7 83.3 4 150 1,100 240 7.6 7.4 7.5 204 124 148 Do 30 1.7 1.2 77 Killbuek Creek, 3D miles above Mil- MuWaKi 153 484 126 lersburg, Ohio. Do June 4,1940 348 20.5 7.0 77. 2 1. 7 230 430 7.6 7.5 Killbuek Creek, 2 miles below Millers- burg, Ohio. MuWaKi 146 May 27,1940 484 18.0 8.0 83.5 1.9 28 112 Do June 4,1940 June 12,1940 348 20.5 24.5 7.2 5. 6 78.7 66.4 92.2 .8 230 930 2 7.6 7.3 7.8 25 156 102 Do 2,070 1,750 Walhonding River, 4 miles above Coshocton, Ohio. MuWa 113. May 8,1940 17.0 9.0 2.3 40 113 Do M ay 14.1940 1,490 20.0 9.9 108.4 8.4 2.3 1.7 2 8.3 8.0 7.5 Do May 16,1940 May 8,1940 1,260 3. 620 14.0 15.5 9.3 8.6 89.7 85.1 10 32 123 100 200 272 Muskingum River, 1 mile below Mu 107 Coshocton, Ohio. Do.. May 14,1940 2,810 19.0 8.9 95.6 2.5 43 7.8 6 240 Table Mu-7.—Muskingum River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 461 Seneca Fork, Wills Creek, Seneca- MuWiS 181.5 May 7,1940 108 19.5 11.0 118.8 1.7 2 7.8 20 83 ville Dam. do_ May 10.1940 10.5 8.5 76.1 .6 o 7.5 15 22 85 132 Do Mav 13,1940 14.0 9.5 91.4 . 7 o 7.6 Wills Creek, H mile above Byes- MuWi 166.5. May 7,1940 233 19.5 9.1 97.9 1.4 46 7.5 56 95 120 ville, Ohio. Do do May May May 10.1940 13.1940 10.1940 75 64 75 11.5 15.5 13.0 7.9 9.0 8.0 72.4 89.1 75.8 1.6 2.1 3.3 24 2 9 7.5 7.6 7.5 115 Do Wills Creek, 1 mile below Byesville, Ohio. do MuWi 162 42 117 144 do May 13,1940 4 15.5 8.5 84.6 1.4 9 7.4 27 750 176 100 240 7.0 Do do... May 14,1940 867 20.5 6.3 69.7 5.1 46 108 Wills Creek, bridge, U S 21, Cam- bridge, Ohio. MuWi 156.5 May 9, 1940 120 16.0 8.6 86.4 2.3 7. 2 do May 15.1940 625 16.5 6.2 63.5 2.9 240 7.3 May 16,1940 415 13.5 7.8 74.2 1. 6 23 7. 3 Leatherwood Creek, 2 miles above May 7,1940 25 21.5 11.6 130.2 .9 2 8.3 35 84 do 22 17.0 10.4 106.3 1.6 4 7.2 Do M ay 7.9 22 104 115 192 160 Do do May 10.1940 20 15.5 10.0 99.9 1.2 4 Crooked Creek waterworks intake above New Concord, Ohio. MuWiCr 1C5 May 7, 1940 3 18.0 10.6 111.0 .9 0) 7.6 D 15.5 76.3 72.1 1.1 1. 1 1.4 Do do May 8, 1940 17 Do do May 9,1940 3 14.0 7.5 7. 4 7.3 93 13 114 148 Crooked Creek, J4 mile below New MuWiCr 162 May 8,1940 4 15 5 7 1 70.3 Concord, Ohio. do. M ay 9.1940 14.0 6.8 1.7 93 7.5 140 20 45 118 106 152 140 Do do Mav 13,1940 2 14.0 4.5 43.3 13.9 460 7.4 7.2 Wills Creek, Yl mile below Cam- bridge, Ohio. May May 9,1940 15,1940 140 17.5 7.2 74.8 2.8 460 do 770 16.5 5.8 59.3 4.1 1,100 7.1 550 96 170 Do May 16,1940 510 14.0 6.2 00.0 2.0 93 7. 2 55 54 Muskingum River, 1 mile east of Dresden, Ohio. Mu 91.5 do Apr. May 30,1940 1,1940 19,900 15.5 14.5 9.9 9.6 98.3 94.1 .8 1.4 1.0 2.8 4 7.2 24 36 7. 2 92 140 Do do May 3,1940 13, 000 8.5 9.9 84.4 7.6 115 53 108 Muskingum River, 5 miles below Dresden, Ohio. Mu 86.5 Apr. May 30.1940 19, 900 19, 400 15.0 9.8 96.4 do 1.1940 14.5 9.6 93.8 4 7. 2 80 100 Do 9 7.2 7.5 Do M ay May 3,1940 13,000 8.0 9.9 83. 7 81.0 2. 5 1.8 Muskingum River, IT. S. Lock No. 11, above Zanesville, Ohio. Mu 83.9 9,1940 5,200 14.5 8.3 do 19.0 9.3 99.7 78.9 95.5 2.8 3.9 1.2 24 12 7.7 May 14,1940 4, 250 7.5 14 230 Do .....do May 16,1940 4, 550 14.0 8.2 9 7.8 North Fork Licking River, 1H miles above Utica, Ohio. MuLN 120.5 Apr. 30,1940 44 14.5 9.8 do__ May 2,1940 39 9.0 10.9 94.2 1.2 2 7.8 7.5 Do do May 3,1940 38 7.0 11.7 96.3 2.1 ' Less than one. 462 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million North Fork, Licking River, above Utica, Ohio. MuLN 119 Apr. 30,1940 44 14.5 9.5 92.6 1.4 15 7.8 173 Do _ ...do Mav 2,1940 Apr. 30,1940 39 9.5 10.7 93.4 1.0 110 7.8 North Fork Licking River, 2 miles below Utica, Ohio. MuLN 117.. 44 15.0 9.6 95.1 1.7 430 7.7 10 174 224 Do May 2,1940 May 3,1940 39 8. 5 10.5 89.3 2.1 460 7.8 Do do 38 7. 5 11.4 95.2 1.6 280 7.7 North Fork Licking River, water works intake, Newark, Ohio. MuLN 107.5. 43 9.0 10.6 91.0 3.4 8 7.7 Do __ May 6,1940 Apr. 30,1940 34 18.0 10.5 110.5 1.2 0) 9 7.9 Raccoon Creek, miles above Johnstown, Ohio. 4 13.0 9.4 88.3 1.2 7.7 172 Do . do May 1,1940 May 6,1940 Apr. 30,1940 4 12.5 10.7 100.2 1.7 4 7.9 Do.... 2 15.5 10. 6 105.8 1.4 2 7.9 Raccoon Creek 2)4 miles below Johnstown, Ohio. 4 13.5 9.7 92.4 1.2 4 7.7 183 Do May l, 1940 May 6,1940 Apr. 30,1940 4 12.5 10.4 97.1 1.0 2 7.9 Do .. 2 16.5 9.8 99.4 1. 3 1 7.7 Raccoon Creek, }•£ mile above Gran- ville, Ohio. MuLRa 114.5 20 14.0 8.6 82.4 1.2 4 7.6 190 Do May 1,1940 May 6,1940 Apr. 30,1940 20 13.0 9.1 85.6 1.5 4 7.6 Do 13 17.5 10.0 103.7 2.1 2 7.8 50 20 13.0 9.5 89.5 2.6 150 7.7 10 190 190 ville, Ohio. Do .... May 1,1940 May 6,1940 May 2,1940 20 14.0 10.1 97.4 2.1 43 7.9 204 Do do 13 17.0 11.3 116.2 3.1 43 8.0 244 South Fork Licking River, Vi mile above Newark, Ohio. MuLS 107 85 10.5 9.4 83.9 2.8 4 7.7 178 Do .... . do May 3,1940 May 1,1940 80 8.5 10.1 86.0 2.0 4 7.8 Licking River, 1 mile below Newark, Ohio. MuL 101 380 14.5 8.3 81.3 3.2 240 7.6 27 1 Do .... May 2,1940 May 3,1930 May 1,1940 390 9.5 9.3 80.8 1.3 240 7.6 191 r Do .. 350 9.0 10.1 87.2 1.9 460 7.8 190 Licking River, 3H miles below Newark, Ohio. MuL 97.5. 530 14.5 8.1 79.0 2.8 240 7.6 18 196 280 Do do May 2,1940 May 3,1940 May 7,1940 510 8.5 9.3 • 79.4 2.3 240 7.6 19 187 280 Do 500 9.0 10.1 87. 1 1.8 460 7.8 13 Licking River, 2}4 miles above Zanes- ville, Ohio. MuL 79.5. .. 650 17.5 9.7 100.8 .9 1 7.8 168 Do May 9,1940 May 14,1940 520 14.0 9.6 92.2 .8 24 7.8 100 Do do__ 640 18.5 9.4 99.3 1.5 21 7.9 Table Mu-7.—Muskingum River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 463 Moxahala Creek, mile above MuMx 87.5--- - Apr. 16,1940 322 10.0 10.8 95.i { 23;® } (0 4.6 Crooksville, Ohio. Do Apr. 18.1940 581 12.0 9.8 9o. i < 2 f: f 2 4.8 Do 167 8.0 10.7 90.1 { 2 ?' o I (1) 4.0 \Tf\y 97 1040 67 16.0 9.0 90.3 1.2 J 3.0 Crooksville, Ohio. Do 49 20.0 9.0 9S.4 1.1 3.1 23 Do June 14,1940 57 22.0 8.0 90.7 .2 1 3.3 28 Do June 24,1940 51 22.0 7.8 88. 6 ( , n } 11 3.3 105 Do July 2,1940 26 17.5 9.0 93. 7 { ? } (0 3.1 32 Do (0 21.5 8.0 90.0 ( r }- - 2.8 Do July 29,1940 2 25.0 7.5 89. 6 ( 2* q } 2.8 Do 4 23.5 7.8 ... } 0) 2.9 Do Aug. 14,1940 4 23.0 7.1 81.6 ( A } 0) 2.7 Do Aug. 22,1940 2 16.0 9.1 l ■ 9 91. 3 | 2,-? j 0) 2.7 Do Aup. 30,1940 521 21.0 7.9 87. 9 { 2 9 9 J \ 29 2.8 320 Sept. 9,1940 6 18.5 9. 4 99. 9 | 2 ? 1 } (,) 2.5 Do Jan. 21,1941 2.0 13.4 l 2 1.1 97. 2 1 ,}•} } 0 3.4 10 Apr 10 1040 347 11.0 10.7 l 2 1- 1 96.9 I , i' l } 12 4.4 86 Crooksville, Ohio. _ „ ( 2 0 / 1 Do Apr. 18,1940 620 12.5 9.8 9i.9 { 2 z-y f 43 4. 4 Do 180 8.5 11.0 l 2 2.7 93.8 ( J n ft J } 3 3.5 Do May 27,1940 72 16.0 8.2 82.5 1.3 J 4 3.0 25 June 5,1940 53 19.5 8.1* 87.4 .6 3.0 22 Do June 14,1940 62 21.5 7.0 85.3 1.6 (0 3.1 10 Do 55 21.0 7.2 79.9 ( j i * a } (l) 3.0 45 Do 29 17.5 8.5 87.9 { j , n } 2 3.0 11 Dn July 19.1940 (>) 25.0 7.8 92. 5 -f j,'? J } 2.8 6 pn July 29,1940 2 27.5 0.8 85.1 { 2 a } 2.8 7 Do 4 23.5 7.1 82.2 { 21I J } 2 2.9 Do Aue. 14,1940 5 23.0 6.5 75.4 1 ) 2.7 1 Less than o ie. 2 Seeded and neutralized. 00035—44—pt. 2 21 464 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Moxahala Creek, 1 mile below MuMx 85 Aug. 22,1940 2 17.0 7.7 79.3 / .!•? } 2.7 Crooksville, Ohio. Do Aug. 30,1940 580 21.0 7.6 85.1 / 2.6 | 460 3.0 700 Do do Sept. 9,1940 6 20.0 7.6 82.7 \ 2 3.2 f -7 } 2.5 5 Do do Jan. 21,1941 1.0 13.6 95.7 \ 2. 3 2. 5 (i) 3. 4 30 Moxahala Creek, l mile above Rose- MuMx 83.5 Apr. 16,1940 352 9.0 10.8 93.2 / .-•? } 1 4.2 ville, Ohio. 1 Do do_ Apr. 18,1940 686 14.0 9.7 93.8 / 1.5 1 2 4.5 \ 2 2.7 Do do Apr. 24,1940 183 8.5 10.9 93.0 2.6 4 3.3 Do do May 27.1940 73 16.0 8.6 86.4 . 5 4 3.0 34 * Do June 5,1940 54 21.5 8.1 90.7 .3 3. 0 25 Do do June 14,1940 63 22.5 7.9 90. 5 . 3 (i) 3. 2 16 Do . do. June 24,1940 56 21.5 7.7 86.0 / -7 ) (i) 3.0 53 Do .. ... 29 18.0 8. 6 89. 7 \ 2 1. 4 / ' -7 / w <■> 3 0 Do do July 19,1940 (!) 24.5 7.9 93.5 \ 2.7 f .6 2.9 26 Do July 29,1940 2 27.5 7.3 91.1 \ 2.9 / -4 / 2 8 12 Do do Aug. 6,1940 4 23.5 7.5 86.9 \ 2.g / o i u 3.0 17 \ 21.2 i Do.... do Aug. 14,1940 5 24.0 7.1 83.2 / -8 j 2.9 4 \ 21. 2 r Do.... Aug. 22,1940 2 18.0 8.4 88.1 / 1.8 1 (0 2 8 4 Do do Aug. 30,1940 588 20.5 7.6 83.1 \ 2 2.0 / 2.0 } 460 3 2 545 Do Sept. 9,1940 6 19.5 7.9 85. 5 \ 2i.5 / -8 \ 23 2 6 11 Do do Jan. 21,1941 3.0 13. 7 101. 3 l 2-7 f 2.1 i o 3 5 30 Moxahala Creek, below Roseville, MuMx 82 Apr. 16,1940 402 10.0 10.9 96.0 \ 2.8 / 1-1 i 9 4.3 78 Ohio. l 2 3. 1 Do Apr. 18,1940 726 14.5 9.6 93. 7 / 1.9 } 9 4.4 120 l 2 1.5 i Table Mu-7.—Muskingum River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 465 Do Apr. 24,1940 May 27,1940 June 5,1940 209 83 62 10.5 10. 2 91.3 / 2.4 \ 2.9 .7 ■ 4 3.4 3.0 3.0 91 25 18 150 Do 16.0 20.0 8.2 7. 7 82.5 84.0 Do Do June 14,1940 72 22.0 7. 6 86.1 .8 (>) \ 3.1 11 Do. June 24,1940 64 21.5 7.6 84.9 / 1-1 2.9 24 Do do July 2,1940 33 18.5 8.3 87.5 \ 2 2.2 / •» / 1 2 2.9 14 Do July 19,1940 (0 22.5 6. 5 74.8 \ 2 1.0 ! -6 \ 2.8 7 Do July 29,1940 3 26.5 6.0 74.3 l 21.3 / 1.3 } C> } 2.8 7 Do do Aug. 6,1940 4 24.0 6.8 79.4 \ 2 1.9 / 1.6 3.0 17 Do do Aug. 14,1940 6 24.0 6.4 75.0 \ 2 2.5 / 1.0 » 2.8 4 Do Aug. 22,1940 2 18.0 6.4 67.1 l 2 2.5 I 17 2.7 Do.... Aug. 30,1940 672 21.0 7. 4 81.8 \ 2.3 / 2.1 / } 325 3.3 650 Do Sept. 9,1940 8 19. 5 7. 3 78.9 1 2 3.o / -8 } 2.5 Do.... 3.0 13. 5 100.1 l 2. 4 / 1.6 1 I 2 3.3 30 Moxahala Creek, mile above mouth , MuMx 73.5 May 7,1940 278 18.0 8.4 88.1 \ 2, 4 / 1-1 \ 1 3.0 145 300 1 mile below Zanesville, Ohio. l 2 1.3 Do May 9,1940 215 14.0 9.0 86.6 1 1. u \ (>) 4.6 32 176 Do May 14,1940 195 18.5 8.8 93.8 l 2 1. 5 / 1-1 ) (i) 4. 3 14 288 Muskihgum River, 4 miles below Mu 71 May 7,1940 7,150 15.5 9.8 97.9 \ 2 1. 2 2.2 4 7.4 93 Zanesville, Ohio. Do... do May 8,1940 6,000 15.5 9.5 94.5 2.1 24 7.4 Do May 9,1940 5, 200 14.0 9. 2 88.8 2.5 240 7.5 28 Muskingum River, 7 miles below Mu 67. May 7,1940 7,150 16.0 9.8 98.4 1.9 9 7.5 38 87 164 Zanesville, Ohio. Do May 8,1940 6,000 15.5 9.6 95.3 .8 46 7.5 30 172 Do May 9j 1940 5, 200 14.5 9.4 91.7 2.2 43 7.5 192 Muskingum River, city limits above Apr. 16j 1940 25,200 11.5 12.3 112.0 2.8 24 7.1 McConnelsville, Ohio. Do Apr. 18,1940 24,800 11.0 11. 0 99.5 1.9 46 7.3 Do Apr. 24,1940 3l| 500 13.0 11.4 107.5 1.3 43 7.3 Muskingum River, Yi mile above Mu 48.5 May 21, 1940 16' 200 16.5 9. 5 96.4 2. 4 43 7.2 125 70 McConnelsville, Ohio. Do 10, 600 19. 5 8. 7 94.1 1.2 14 7.4 45 68 Do 16, 200 24.0 7.5 88.4 2.0 110 7.2 300 67 Do 6’. 350 23.0 8.2 94.8 1.4 23 7.6 80 90 Do July 2,1940 16,800 20.0 8. 7 95.0 2.0 1,100 7.0 250 67 Do (in 3, 510 24.5 8. 0 94.2 2.1 7.8 14 107 1 Less than one. * Seeded and neutralized. 466 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Muskingum River, mile above Mu 48.5 July 29,1940 5,950 28.5 7.1 90.4 2.7 4 7.5 80 79 MeConnelsville, Ohio. 100.8 2.7 7.8 14 105 Do Aug. 6,1940 Aug. 14,1940 Aug. 22,1940 Aug. 30,1940 Sept. 9,1940 Jan. 21,1941 Apr. 16,1940 1,490 1,260 1,800 8,040 2,040 8,350 25,200 27.5 8.0 Do 27.5 6.8 84.8 2.1 (l) 7.8 12 132 Do 25.0 8.2 98.1 2.6 (0 7.3 14 120 Do 22.0 7.8 88.1 3.6 23 7.0 89 85 Do 23.5 7.8 90.2 2.0 4 7.2 16 92 Do 1.0 14.1 98.9 1.0 83 7.5 27 78 Muskingum River, lock wall at dam Mu 48 10.5 12.3 109.9 2.2 46 7.0 155 50 112 below McConnellsville, Ohio. 110 7.2 100 276 Do Apr. 18,1940 Apr. 24,1940 24,800 31,500 16, 200 9.5 11.3 98.4 2.2 Do 12.0 11.5 106.5 1.4 43 7.2 44 104 Muskingum River, 1.1 miles below Mu 47 May 27,1940 16.5 9.7 98.5 2.5 75 7.2 140 66 McConnellsville, Ohio. 15 7.5 60 67 Do June 5,1940 June 14,1940 10,600 16, 200 6, 350 19.5 8.9 96.3 1.4 Do do 24.0 7.8 90.9 2.9 110 7.4 540 67 Do June 24,1940 21.5 8.4 94.2 1.4 43 7.7 90 93 Do do July 2,1940 July 19,1940 July 29,1940 Aug. 6,1940 Aug. 14,1940 Aug. 22,1940 16.800 19.5 8.9 96.1 5.6 93 7.1 420 60 Do 3,510 25.0 8.2 97.3 2.4 23 8.0 15 105 Do 5,950 1,490 1,260 1,800 8,040 28.5 7.4 94.3 2.5 43 7.5 81 82 Do 27.0 7.5 93.2 2.7 24 8.0 16 103 Do 28.0 6.4 80.4 2.0 39 7.8 11 130 Do do 22.0 8.3 93.6 2.4 46 7.5 32 118 Do Aug. 30,1940 Sept. 9,1940 Jan. 21,1941 22.5 8.0 91.4 3.4 230 7.1 103 85 Do 2,040 8,350 22,100 23.5 9.8 114. 5 2.3 15 7.3 18 93 Do 1.0 14.2 99.8 1.2 93 7.6 30 82 Muskingum River, mile 0.2 at mouth Mu 0.2 May 1,1940 12.5 10.8 100.6 1.5 4 6.8 85 56 Marietta, Ohio. Do do May 7,1940 10,500 13.5 10.6 100.8 1.5 46 7.4 50 74 Do do May 9,1940 7,360 4,880 4,610 4,920 4, 580 14.5 10.2 99.3 1.3 2 7.4 18 84 Do do May 13,1940 16.0 9.7 97.3 1.8 4 7.5 7 98 Do do May 15,1940 18.0 8.5 89.1 1.7 5 7.4 8 104 Do do May 17,1940 May 21,1940 15.5 9.5 94.8 1.5 4 7.4 12 105 Do do 18.5 9.2 97.9 2.1 4 7.5 12 106 Do do May 23,1940 4,170 19.0 9.1 97.4 1.6 2 7.6 11 104 Do do May 27,1940 18,200 16.0 10.0 100.3 2.6 11 7.3 230 75 Do May 29,1940 May 31,1940 15,000 11, 300 16.5 9.7 98.5 1.9 24 7.1 110 64 Do do 15.5 9.7 96.9 2.5 43 6.9 180 69 Do do__ June 4,1940 19, 700 17.5 9.7 100.8 1.8 15 7.2 112 63 Do.. 1 June 6,1940 11, 500 20.0 9.1 98.8 1.4 9 7.7 50 69 Table Mu-7.—Muskingum River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution sxirvey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued 467 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Do. . do June 10,1940 7,600 23.5 8.3 96.6 2.1 110 7.5 230 86 Do June 12,1940 16,100 24.0 8.3 97.2 2.6 1,100 7.4 750 83 Do- .do June 14,1940 18,200 24.0 8.4 98.4 2.2 36 7.6 420 66 Do June 18,1940 10,800 24.0 8.1 95.2 1.6 240 7.2 370 75 Do do June 20,1940 11, 700 23.0 8.3 96.1 1.3 36 7.5 175 87 Do. do. June 24,1940 7,100 22.5 8.5 96.7 1.2 7.7 89 80 Do June 26,1940 9,050 21.0 8.6 96.0 1.2 9 7.5 100 94 Do June 28,1940 8,070 22.5 8.4 96.4 1.1 9 7.6 100 93 Do July 2,1940 16,100 20.0 9.0 98.5 1.7 110 7.2 340 77 Do. do July 10,1940 5, 370 23.5 8.5 98.8 1.1 4 7.5 56 84 Do .. ...do July 12,1940 4,170 24.0 8.3 97.6 1.7 4 7.4 17 92 Do July 16,1940 4,490 24.5 8.3 98.3 2.1 2 7.4 12 110 Do July 18,1940 3,730 24.5 8.2 97.4 1.7 2 7.7 15 107 Do do July 22,1940 2,960 27.0 7. 7 95.9 2.1 2 7.8 12 108 Do July 24,1940 2,900 28.0 7.8 98.5 2.5 93 7.9 12 113 Do July 26,1940 5,030 28.5 7.7 98.2 1.8 36 7.9 23 116 Do July 30,1940 6, 450 29.5 7.7 99.9 2.3 7.7 16 93 Do Aug. 1,1940 3,880 28.0 7.9 99.7 2.1 4 7.7 17 81 Do Aug. 5,1940 2,080 27.5 8.0 99.6 2.3 2 8.3 12 65 Do Aug. 7,1940 1,620 27.5 7.0 88.0 2.0 5 7.8 13 78 Do Aug. 9,1940 1,950 27.5 7.4 92.6 2.1 46 7.3 12 85 Do Aug. 13; 1940 1,470 28.0 7.4 93.4 2.1 9 7.5 12 105 Do Aug. 15,1940 1,370 27.5 7.4 92.4 2.6 24 7.5 13 109 Do Aug. 19,1940 1,220 26.5 7.1 87.0 1.6 4 7.6 24 124 Do Aug. 21,1940 2,320 25.0 7.3 86.7 1.5 4 7.5 18 131 Do . . Aug. 23.1940 1,950 25.0 7.5 89.9 2.1 2 7.4 18 134 Do Aug. 27,1940 1,200 24.5 7.6 90.3 1.6 4 7.4 14 127 Do Aug. 29,1940 3,490 23.0 7.5 86.9 2.3 43 7.3 500 80 Do. Sept. 4,1940 6,890 22.0 8.6 97.4 1.3 23 6.9 75 63 Do Sept. 6,1940 3,640 22.5 8. 4 96.0 1.3 9 6.8 55 70 Do ... Sept. 10,1940 2,210 22.5 7.9 90.6 1.5 24 6.7 28 78 Do Sept. 12,1940 2; 270 20.5 8.1 89.1 1.0 4 6.6 31 83 Do . Sept. 16,1940 1,790 20.0 8.4 91.4 1. 7 3 6.3 42 104 Muskingum River, 0.2, dam No. 1. do Jan. 15,1941 6; 020 1.5 14.0 99.6 1.4 110 7.0 20 86 Do .. Jan. 17,1941 6,670 3.5 13.3 100.2 .9 240 6.9 26 91 Do Jan. 21,1941 9,060 1.5 14.0 100.1 1.7 210 7.7 25 92 Do Jan. 23,1941 7,740 1.5 14.1 100.5 1.2 46 7.5 35 85 Do . Jan. 27,1941 10,800 1.5 14.3 102.0 1.8 75 7.5 65 80 Do Jan. 29.1941 10,500 .5 14.5 100.6 1.4 21 7.4 55 73 Do Jan. 31,1941 9.550 1.0 14.4 100.9 1.6 46 7.5 25 79 Do Feb. 4,1941 11,700 .5 * 13.9 96.7 1.3 150 7.5 40 77 Do Feb. 6,1941 9,320 2.0 13.8 99.8 .9 93 7.5 35 75 Do . . Mar. 6,1941 12,500 1.5 14.0 99.8 1.2 23 7.6 35 98 Do . Mar 10,1941 7; 110 1.5 14.0 99.8 2.0 240 7.6 110 70 Do Mar. 12,1941 7,600 2.0 13.7 99.3 1.6 23 7.5 15 74 Do Mar. 14,1941 9,790 2.5 13.8 100.6 1. 2 43 7.6 45 75 Do . . Mar. 18; 1941 8,810 0 13.9 95.1 1.1 24 7.7 35 74 Do Mar. 20,1941 6,900 1.0 14.0 98.4 1.0 9 7.7 35 74 Do Mar. 26,1941 5, 710 4.5 12.6 97.3 1.2 24 7.7 25 121 Do Mar. 28,1941 5,550 5. 5 12.4 98.2 1.2 4 7.7 14 83 1 Less than one. 2 Seeded and neutralized. HOCKING RIVER BASIN 469 CONTENTS Page Contents 471 Syllabus and conclusions 473 Description 474 Presentation of field data 475 Presentation of laboratory data ' 476 Hydrometric data 478 Discussion 478 LIST OF TABLES H-l.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 474 H-2.—Surface water supplies 475 H-3.—Sources of pollution _ _ 476 H-4.—Industrial wastes (omitted) H-5.—Selected laboratory data 477 H-6.—Monthly mean summer flows 478 H-7.—Summary of laboratory data 480 LIST OF FIGURES H-2.—Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 476 (Note.—For maps of this basin see Muskingum River Basin.) 471 HOCKING RIVER BASIN 1 Syllabus and Conclusions SYLLABUS The Hocking River Basin (area 1,185 square miles) lies in the hilly country of southeastern Ohio. Of the total population of 113,000 about 40 percent is in urban communities. Coal mining and agri- culture are the principal industries. None of the 16 public water supplies are taken from polluted streams. Some 48,000 people are served by sewers and about half of the sewage is treated. A number of the tributary streams are strongly acid from mine drainage. Al- though mine sealing has reduced the acidity, a high degree of restora- tion of these streams may be delayed until mine-sealing activities are modified to bring worked-out sections of active mines under control. The remaining pollution problems of the area can be effectively dealt with by known methods of waste treatment. Flow regulation by proposed flood-control reservoirs, while desirable, would not produce appreciable tangible benefits. CONCLUSIONS (1) All public water supplies are from underground or upland im- pounded sources and are not important factors in pollution problems. (2) Sewage from 48,400 people and industrial wastes with a popu- lation equivalent of 8,600 are discharged to sewers. About half of the sewage is treated. The industrial wastes can bo treated in municipal treatment plants. (3) Laboratory results indicate stream conditions to be generally good in this basin. Pollution problems occur below Lancaster, Logan, and Athens. (4) Primary treatment of all wastes now discharged untreated to the main stream should be sufficient to maintain satisfactory stream conditions. Pending further control of acid mine drainage, primary treatment is probably the limit now justified on certain acid tribu- taries. (5) Secondary treatment will be required to prevent local nuisances below significant sources of pollution on the remaining minor tribu- taries. (6) The mine-sealing program should be revived and continued as far as practicable. Drainage from active mines constitutes an im- portant source of acid. 1 For maps of this basin see Muskingum River Basin. 474 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL (7) The estimated comparative costs of pollution-abatement pro- grams, as summarized from table H-l, follow: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Existing _ __ . _ $840,000 620,000 $70,000 55, 000 Estimated additional costs over existing charges of programs involving uniform treatment throughout the basin are: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges 590,000 760, 000 50,000 75.000 Secondary, ail places Table H-l.—Hocking River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested mini- mum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of Diants Popula- tion connected to sewers Capita] invest- ment, dollars Annual charges (dollars) Pri- mary Sec- ondary Amorti- zation and in- terest Opera- tion and mainte- nance Total Existing sewage treatment- Suggested minimum correction: Sewage treatment plants 2 2 24,000 840,000 50,000 20,000 70,000 5 2 23,400 380,000 240, 000 27,000 11,000 17,000 44,000 11,000 Total 620,000 590,000 760, 000 620,000 33,000 35,000 50, 000 38,000 17,000 15,000 25,000 17,000 55,000 50, 000 75,000 55, 000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment all waste... Secondary treatment all waste.. Description The Hocking River drains 1,185 square miles of hilly country in southeastern Ohio and joins the Ohio River 15 miles below Parkers- burg, W. Va. The populations of the urban communities and of the basin are shown below. Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Urban communities: 13, 093 5,463 4,850 6,082 2,559 2,527 14, 706 6,418 5,493 6,440 3,157 3,140 18,716 7,252 6,080 5, 322 3,901 2,903 21,940 7,696 6,177 5,368 4,049 2,903 Total basin: Rural . 74, 729 34, 574 74, 512 39,354 63,188 44,174 65,422 48,133 Urban . Total 109, 303 113, 866 107,362 113, 555 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 475 The population has not increased appreciably during the past 30 years although the urban communities have grown. Agriculture and coal mining are the principal occupations. The coal fields in this area were developed early and production has been declining for some time. Water uses.—The Hocking is not considered a navigable stream. There are no hydroelectric developments. Three small dams at Coolville, Guysville, and Athens furnish power for small mills. The upper part of the basin is one of Ohio’s noteworthy recreational areas but it depends more on its scenic caves and forests than on its streams for its popularity. A few tributaries not affected by mine drainage and parts of the main river are considered fairly good fishing streams. Two flood-control reservoirs have been studied by the United States Engineer Department in connection with the authorized pro- gram for Ohio River flood control. These are near the mouth of the East Branch of Sunday Creek and of Clear Creek. Both would be relatively small since the drainage areas above them are only 32 and 84 square miles respectively. PRESENTATION OF FIELD DATA Figure Mu-1 shows the location and magnitude of each of the more important sources of pollution in the basin. Figure H-2 shows similar data and, in addition, laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. Public water supplies.—Fifty-one thousand people are served by the 16 public water supplies. All but two of these are from underground sources and neither of the two surface supplies is subject to pollution. Table H-2 shows data on these surface supplies. Table H-2.—Hocking River Basin: Surface water supplies Municipality Source Mile 1 Treat- ment 3 Population served Consump- tion, million gallons per day Corning New Lexington Total3 Impounded and wells Impounded 62 110 FD FD 600 3,200 0.02 .11 3,800 .13 1 Miles above mouth of Hocking River. 2 FD = Coagulated, settled, filtered, chlorinated. 3 Neither of these supplies is below community sewer outfalls. Sewerage.—Table H-3 shows the sewered population at each of the more important sources of pollution. About 48,400 people are con- nected to sewers and about half of the sewage is treated before being discharged to the streams. 476 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table H-3.—Hocking River Basin: Sources of significant pollution, including industrial waste expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Municipality Receiving stream Miles above mouth of Hocking River Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treatment Sewered popula- tion equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Un- treated Dis- charged 35 35 53 67 89 56 95 96 112 110 7,000 2,000 4.300 5,600 20,000 2,000 1,100 1.300 1,100 2,700 1,300 None ... _ 11,200 2,000 4, 300 7,200 21,400 2,000 1,100 2,700 1,100 2,700 1,300 11,200 2,000 4, 300 7.200 3.200 2,000 700 2,700 1,100 400 1.200 do do do do .do Secondary.. None Sunday Creek Primary None Mud Run 2 _ do Little Rush Creek. _ Secondary (3) 48, 400 57,000 36,000 1 Sewage treatment plant under construction at time of laboratory survey. 2 Also drains to Jonathan Creek, tributary of Muskingum River. 3 1 primary plant. No treatment at 8 other places. Industrial wastes— Two meat-packing houses, a brewery, a cheese factory, and a milk-receiving station are the only sources of industrial wastes in the basin. The brewery wastes are discharged to a munic- ipal treatment plant and wastes from the milk-receiving station are treated on a trickling filter. The other wastes are discharged untreated. Acid mine drainage damages many of the tributaries of the Hocking but does not affect the main stream. Most of the abandoned mines have been sealed to prevent further formation of acid. Figures are not available for the total acid load and the reduction through sealing, but the figures for the Muskingum and Hocking Basins together are shown in the Muskingum report. Presentation of Laboratory Data Analyses of water from the Hocking River and its tributaries were made at a trailer laboratory in October 1939 and April 1940, and at the Kiski laboratory during the period April-September 1940. Summaries of laboratory findings are presented in table H-7 (p. 480) and selected data are shown in table H-5. Coliform, dissolved- oxygen, and oxygen-demand results are shown in figures Mu-3, MuA, and Mu-5 (p. 446) on the basis of the most unfavorable monthly average where observations were for long periods and averages of one to three samples where sampling was for periods of less than a month. FIG. H - 2 State Industrial School for Boys SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALE NT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS LNJL FIGURE - H 2 HOCKING RIVER SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND SELECTED LABORATORY DATA OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 19 41 [-Indicates pollution removed by treatment. (Face p. 476) GPO «3 0 -90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 477 Table H—5.—Hocking River Basin: Selected laboratory data River _ Hocking Hocking Hocking Hocking Hocking Hocking Location Above Below Above Below Above Below Lancaster Lancaster Logan Logan Ilelson- Nelson- ville ville River miles above mouth of Hock- 90.5 87.5 70.5 67 57 51.5 mg. Period, 1939 October October October October October October Number of samples. 5 3 3 3 3 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 8 9 52 52 65 65 Minimum month . . 12.2 12.2 Water temperature, °C 9.8 11.2 9.3 8.8 9.5 9.5 Coliforms per milliliter 84 41, 000 45 960 24 377 Dissolved oxygen, pans per million 11.1 3.7 10.5 7.0 9.1 8.6 Biochemical oxvgen demand, 5-day. parts per million --- --- 4.6 55.9 3.2 4.4 2.5 3.1 River Hocking Hocking Hocking Little Little Little Little Rush Rush Rush Rush Creek Creek Creek Creek Location. Above Below At Hock- Above Below Above Below Athens Athens ingport New New Bremen Bremen Lexing- Lexing ton ton River miles above mouth of 37 34.5 0.1 110.5 108.8 97 95 Hocking. Period August August August October October October October 1940 1940 1940 1939 1939 1939 1939 Number of samples. .. . 2 2 4 3 3 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 320 320 195 25 25 45 45 Minimum month 36. 1 30.1 Water temperature, °C 22. S 23.3 25.4 6.7 7.3 10.5 10.3 Coliforms per milliliter. 68 5, 850 127 1 113 24 530 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million - 7.8 0.7 7.6 11.4 11.2 8.5 6.7 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 1.7 3.9 2.1 3.3 7.0 2.1 4.7 The laboratory observations indicate that the major pollution problems in this basin occur below Lancaster, Logan, and Athens, with acid wastes complicating the problem below New Lexington and on Sunday and Monday Creeks. The dissolved oxygen in the streams at the times of sampling generally averaged over 6.5 parts per million at most of the points. The lowest observed dissolved oxygen was 1.2 parts per million below Corning and averages of 3.5 to 4.5 parts per million were observed at Murray City and Lancaster. The coliform observations generally revealed more unfavorable pollu- tional conditions than (lid the dissolved-oxygen results. The results on Sunday and Monday Creeks are influenced by the acid conditions of these waters. The biochemical-oxygen-demand results were generally below 3.0 parts per million. Even below sources of pollution it did not exceed 5.0 parts per million except in a few instances. The highest average was 56 parts per million below Lancaster. The oxygen-demand samples from those areas affected by acid drainage were neutralized and seeded to obtain an indication of the behavior of the oxygen demand under more normal conditions. These results are shown in table H-7 along with the other data. The oxygen demand of these acid waters was usually quite low and both the neutralized and un- neutralized samples gave results of the same order of magnitude, as a rule. Where this was not so, the unneutralized samples usually gave the higher results, as might be expected where ferrous iron may 478 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL be present. Acid conditions were found at New Lexington on Little Rush Creek, Shawnee, New Straitsville, and Murray City on Monday Creek, and Corning, Glouster, and Jacksonville on Sunday Creek. pH values as low as 2.5 were found and phenolphthalein acidities as high as 1,400 parts per million. The pH values were within a range of 7.0 to 8.0 except where acid wastes were present. Alkalinity and hardness values in the normal streams were in the range of 100 to 200 parts per million. Coliform counts observed above most communities were reason- ably low, except above Lancaster, Haydenville, Corning, and Athens, There is some evidence of self-purification in the reduction of coliforms from Lancaster to Logan, from Haydenville to Nelsonville and from Nelsonville to Athens along the main stream, although in the last- mentioned stretch it is not as well marked as in the other two. Biological summary.—The flora and fauna of the Hocking were found to be comparatively low. The plankton volume was not more than 5,000 parts per million and the fish population consisted of only a few species and numbers. Sunday and Monday Creeks were found to be too acid to support aquatic life. Hydrometric Data Three stream gaging stations have been maintained on the Hocking River, two of which are currently in operation. Table H-6 shows monthly mean summer flows during the driest years of record at all three of the stations: Table H-6.—Hocking River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred Hocking Lancaster, Ohio 89 92.8 1923-32 Hocking Enterprise, Ohio 72 460 1931-40 Hocking Athens, Ohio 35 944 1915-40 Location : . River miles above mouth of Hocking River Drainage area (square miles). Period of record ... 1930 1936 1930 June.. ... cubic feet per second.. 19.8 68.1 77.8 July.. do 12.5 88.7 52.2 August do 12.2 98. 1 39.6 September do 15.9 36.3 44.8 1925 1932 1925 June 26.6 112 128 July do 29.8 256 314 August... . do 56.3 39.9 191 September. do 12.3 57.2 51.6 1932 1939 193fi June 45.9 322 110 July do 85.8 183 109 August do 17.3 140 116 September- do 15.1 40.3 58 Discussion The Hocking River is not heavily polluted. The largest sources of untreated organic wastes, Athens, Logan, and Nelsonville, are on the main stream where stream flows are generally sufficient to prevent gross nuisances from their discharge. Primary treatment should be OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 479 sufficient to maintain good stream conditions at these points at all times. At Glouster the receiving stream is acid and, although dis- charges become very low, the provision of secondary treatment does not seem justified. At Bremen and Somerset, secondary treatment probably will be necessary because of the small size of the receiving streams. The treatment plant at the State Industrial School for Boys is inadequately designed and should bo rebuilt. Industrial wastes can be treated at the municipal plants. Further reduction in acid mine drainage can be effected by a renewal of the mine-sealing program. A high degree of restoration of acid streams may be delayed until mine-sealing activities are modi- fied to bring worked-out sections of active mines under control. Increased low flows from the proposed flood-control reservoirs would be desirable but would have no appreciable tangible benefits. The estimated cost of the suggested pollution abatement program is summarized in table H-l. 90035—44—pt. 2 22 480 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Hooting River, 1 mile above Lan- Ho 90.5 Oct. 18,1940 6 9.0 13.3 114.8 3.3 46 8.2 58 206 231 caster, Ohio. Do__ do Oct. 23,1940 6 9. 5 11.1 96.9 6. 4 46 8.0 93 240 Do 25,1940 1 12. 5 9.2 86.0 6.2 110 7.9 70 252 Do 30,1940 11 7. 5 11. 4 95.0 2.2 110 8.1 39 240 165 Do do 3L 1940 9 10. 5 10. 4 93.0 .3 110 8.3 53 243 Hocking River, % mile below Lan- Ho 87.5.. Oct. 25,1940 G 13.0 1.7 16.3 130.0 43, 000 7.3 109 200 caster, Ohio. Do 30,1940 11 9.0 7.0 60. 3 11.8 39, 000 7.5 18 206 175 Do do__ 3L 1940 9 11. 5 5.2 47.6 26.0 43, 000 7.8 21 288 Little Rush Creek, J4 mile above HoLr 110.5 Oct. 20,1940 2 14.5 7.7 75.2 5.8 (2) 2.9 10 New Lexington, Ohio. Do. do Oct. 30,1940 3 4.5 12.6 96.8 2.7 2 2.8 3. 344 Do do __ Nov. 3,1940 2 1.0 14.1 99.0 1.2 (i) 2.9 8 445 Little Rush Creek, 1 J/g miles below Oct. 20,1940 2 15.0 10.0 98.7 7.7 240 3.9 28 New Lexington, Ohio. Do... 30,1940 3 6.0 11.6 93.0 4.9 93 3.6 46 375 Do do Nov. 3,1940 2 1.0 12.0 84.1 8.4 7 3.9 29 478 Rush Creek Bridge, U S 22, Somer- May 2,1940 2 8.0 12.5 105.4 .9 4 7.3 54 set, Ohio. Do do__ May 3,1940 1 6. 5 12.0 97.2 .8 4 7.4 Do do May 6.1940 1 14.5 11.3 110.0 1.1 8 7.5 Rush Creek, side road 1 mile below HoR 109 May 2,1940 2 7.5 14.1 117.4 1.6 24 7.4 57 Somerset, Ohio. Do May 3,1940 1 7.5 12.4 103.3 .8 24 7.5 8 130 Do do_ May 6,1940 1 13.0 11.9 112.1 1.8 24 7.5 7 96 Little Rush Creek, 1 mile above HoLR 97 Oct. 25,1939 15 11.0 7.9 71.0 2.5 2 7.6 10 255 Bremen, Ohio. Do .. . do Oct. 27,1929 98 13.5 7.9 75.7 1.5 23 7.6 77 173 Do do Oct. 31,1939 21 7.0 9.7 79.8 2.4 46 7.5 36 157 423 Little Rush Creek, 1 mile below HoLR 95 Oct. 25,1939 15 11.5 5.0 46.0 9.8 930 7.3 22 197 Bremen, Ohio. Do. do Oct. 27,1939 98 13.0 6.9 65.1 2.1 230 7.4 84 180 Do do Oct. 31,1939 21 6.5 8.2 66.6 2.1 430 7.1 32 91 407 Hocking River, 1J4 miles west of Ho 70.5 Oct. 18,1939 45 9.0 11.4 98.0 2.9 15 7.9 26 208 203 Logan, Ohio. Do.. do Oct. 23,1939 44 11.0 10.4 94.0 3.2 9 7.8 10 210 Do. do Oct. 31,1939 68 8.0 9.7 81.6 3.5 110 7.5 37 136 Table H-7.—Hocking River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 481 Hocking River, 1 % miles below Ho 67.0 Oct. 18,1939 45 8.0 7.2 60.6 3.9 2,400 7.6 24 213 201 Loean, Ohio. Do . Oct. 23,1939 44 10.5 5.6 49.7 4.6 240 7.6 10 205 Do do Oct. 31,1939 68 8.0 8.4 70.4 4.8 240 7.4 46 125 Hocking River, 1,000 feet above Ho 62.0-- Apr. 23,1940 2,180 9.5 9.8 85.8 2.6 93 6.7 64 sewer, Hayderiville, Ohio. Do do Apr. 25,1940 1,060 10.0 9.6 85.1 1.9 240 7.4 96 Do Apr. 26,1940 854 11.0 9.5 86.1 1.4 93 7. 5 98 Hocking River, % mile above Hay- Ho 62.0 May 29.1940 475 17.0 9.1 93.4 2.1 110 7.0 30 111 denville, Ohio. " Do do June 7,1940 316 23.0 8.8 101.0 .9 43 7.5 17 128 Do June 18,1940 502 23.5 7.6 87.9 1.8 460 7.5 155 103 Do do___ June 26,1940 258 19.0 7.6 80.9 1.3 430 7.3 102 108 Hocking River, J4 mile above Hay- Ho 62.0 . July 5,1940 167 20.0 8.1 88.2 1.2 230 7.5 85 141 denville, Ohio. Do July 15,1940 102 21.0 7.9 87.9 2.1 240 7.7 55 142 Do July 23,1940 169 28.0 8.6 108.4 3.6 91 8.0 15 180 Do do July 31,1940 81 27.0 7.8 97.0 3.4 460 7.7 19 162 Do Aug. 8,1940 114 22.5 5.9 67.5 3.8 240 7.6 490 102 Do Aug. 26,1940 21.0 6.0 67.2 2.2 430 7.4 110 163 Do Sept. 3,1940 20.0 7.8 84. 5 1.1 230 7.1 101 114 Do Sept. 11,1940 20.5 8.2 90.9 1.0 24 7.3 13 106 Do Jan. 24,1941 2.0 12.9 92.9 2.1 110 7.4 110 84 Ho 61.8 Apr. 23| 1940 2,180 10. 5 9.8 87.4 1.8 240 6. 7 67 denville, Ohio. Do Apr. 25,1940 1,060 10.0 9.7 85.9 1.6 230 7.4 91 ' Do Apr. 26,1940 854 11. 5 9.6 87. 3 1.7 36 7.6 107 Hocking River, 1 mile below Hay- Ho 61.0 May 29,1940 475 17.0 9.2 94.3 .9 110 7.2 25 111 denville, Ohio. Do do June 7,1940 316 23. 5 7.6 88.0 .7 43 7.7 18 108 Do June 18,1940 502 23.0 7.3 83.7 2.4 1,100 7.6 260 95 Do June 26| 1940 258 19.0 7.3 78.5 1.3 '460 7.4 122 105 Do July 5,1940 167 19.0 8.1 86.7 .9 140 7.5 101 140 Do do July 15,1940 102 21.0 7.6 84.4 1.9 430 7.7 58 142 Do.. July 23,1940 169 27.5 8.3 104.4 2. 7 36 7.9 15 177 Do do July 31,1940 81 27.0 7.3 91.0 2.2 43 7.9 23 156 Do do Aug. 8,1940 114 22.0 5.9 67.0 4.1 240 7.7 440 106 Do Aug. 26,1940 21.0 7. 4 81.8 2.0 460 7.4 95 139 Do Sept. 3,1940 20.0 7. 6 82.9 1.2 460 7.2 96 107 Do . . Sept. 11,1940 19.0 7.4 79.6 1.9 930 7.3 12 107 Do . . Jan. 24,1941 1. 5 12.9 92.1 2.2 150 7.5 100 81 Ho 57.0 Oct. 20; 1939 45 11.0 9.2 82.8 1.9 24 7.9 25 200 sonville, Ohio. Do Oct. 25,1939 47 11.5 9.4 86.0 2.3 2 7.5 7 203 Do Oct. 30,1939 103 6.0 8.8 70.7 3.2 46 7.4 68 69 165 Ho 51.5 Oct. 20,1939 45 11.0 8.7 78.8 2.2 460 7.8 5 200 ville, Ohio. Do Oct. 25,1939 47 12.0 8.4 77.9 3.2 430 7.7 7 224 Do do Oct. 30,1939 103 5.5 8.6 68.2 3.8 240 7.3 71 65 169 1 Seeded and neutralized. 2 Less than 1. 482 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion HoMnSh 72 5 May 28,1940 2 18.0 9.1 95.6 .3 3.4 2 nee, Ohio. Do . 2 17.0 8.7 89.6 .3 (2) 3.5 Do 2 17.5 7.7 79.9 / 2.3 ) 11 3.7 67 Do - June 25,1940 2 17.0 9.1 93.0 \ 1 2. 3 J .3 J I 4 3.5 1 Do - July 3,1940 1 17.0 9.4 96.8 l ‘.7 } (2) 3.4 Do - 1 17.0 8.8 90.1 1 -4 } (2) 3.2 9 Do (2) 23.0 8.0 91.8 X >1.4 J -2 i (2) 3.5 6 Do - July 30,1940 (2) 22.0 7.3 82.5 l *• 4 J -7 J v i (2) 3.5 Do Aug. 7,1940 1 20.5 8.2 90.8 l '.5 / -8 \ (2) 3.5 Do Aug. 15,1940 (2) 22.0 7.4 83.4 l > 1.2 .6 J v 5 3.5 Do - ___ .do Aug. 23,1940 17.5 7.8 80.4 I 2 3.3 2 Do -- Sept. 10,1940 18.0 7.1 74.0 l ‘.8 / -7 i I 11 3.3 6 Do Jan. 23,1941 5.0 11.4 89.2 l 8 r .4 J } (2) 4.0 6 HoMnSh 70 Apr. 25,1940 2 9.5 10.2 89.3 l 9 / 1.0 J 7 ) 240 4.4 nee, Ohio. \ *2.7 / Do Apr. 26,1940 l 9.5 10.2 88.8 1.6 4, 600 4.5 Do do Apr. 29,1940 1 8.0 10.0 84.5 f 1.8 ) 36 4.1 HoMnSh 68 Apr. 25,1940 2 10.5 10.1 89.8 \ 1 1. 4 >.7 1 2 4.6 18 1,460 Shawnee, Ohio. Do do Apr. 26,1940 1 11.5 10.3 93.6 .4 4 4.6 15 1,470 Do -- do Apr. 29,1940 1 8.5 10.4 88.8 1.4 (2) 4. 5 20 1,850 May 28,1940 2 19.0 8.3 88.9 1. 5 24 4. 1 12 Shawnee, Ohio. Do do Juno 6,1940 2 19.5 8.0 86.4 .6 15 4.3 3 Table H-7.—Hocking River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual residts—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 483 Do June 17,1940 June 25,1940 July 3,1940 July 12,1940 July 22,1940 July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 Aug. 15,1940 Aug. 23,1940 Sept. 10,1940 Jan. 23,1941 Apr. 23,1940 Apr. 25,1940 Apr. 26,1940 May 28,1940 June 6,1940 June 17,1940 June 25,1940 July 3,1940 July 12,1940 July 22,1940 July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 Aug. 15,1940 Aug. 23,1940 Sept. 10,1940 Jan. 23.1941 2 2 1 1 (2) (2) 1 (2) 19.5 20.0 16? 5 17.0 22.5 21.0 19.5 21.0 16.5 18.0 5.0 9.5 9.5 10.5 19.0 25.0 20.0 22.5 19.0 19.5 26.0 25.0 20.5 22.0 18.0 17.5 6.0 8.5 8.8 9.7 9.2 8.5 7.9 8.5 8.0 8.8 7.7 12.3 10.2 9.9 11.3 11.0 8.3 9.5 9.5 8.9 8.7 7.7 7.6 8.9 7.9 9.1 8.0 11.5 92.0 95.7 98.7 94.1 96.9 87.7 91.6 88.8 88.8 80.8 96.1 89.4 86.4 100.7 117.3 98.5 103.3 108.6 95.0 94.1 93.2 90.9 98.0 89.8 95.7 83.0 92.0 / 2.8 \ i 3.4 / 1.6 \ i 2. 0 / 1.3 \ i 1.6 / -6 l >.9 / .3 \ *. 6 > 1.0 1 1.0 X 1 1.5 « 1.1 r .5 X 1 l.o / 1.0 l '-8 f 1.1 l 1 1.1 / 1.8 1 i 1.7 r 2.4 { 1 1.3 / 1.5 l >.6 4.5 .5 / 2.7 i >1.3 f .9 1 >2.2 > 1.3 / -7 X 1 1.4 / .3 l ‘.9 / -7 X '.0 { ,li { >• 7 { .11 { ■:? { W } 21 4.3 4.4 6.4 5.3 6.2 5.9 6.1 6.1 5.6 4.4 4.7 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.7 65 8 200 18 11 9 7 7 7 7 40 Do . Do } 1,100 } 230 } 930 230 } 1,100 230 } 93 } 43 ‘ } (2) } (2) } (2) 2 4 | 110 } Do Do Do Do Do Do . . Do Do Sugar Creek, >4 mile above New Straitsville, Ohio. Do -- 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 (2) 1 (2) (2) (2) (2) Do Sugar Creek, 3 miles above New Straitsville, Ohio. Do do 1 4 5 6 10 9 8 1 11 6 2 19 6 5 Do Do .. Do do J 12 } 46 } 23 } 46 * 8 } 46 } 46 } 150 Do Do -- Do Do Do Do ... Do 1 Seeded and neutralized. 2 Less than 1. 484 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Average Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Date discharge, cubic feet per second Parts per million Percent satura- tion Sugar Creek, city limits below New HoMnSu 65.5 Apr. 23,1940 4 10.0 10.2 89.7 f 1.9 \ 4 3.8 22 1,390 Straitsville, Ohio. \ 1 3. 5 Do Apr. 25,1940 2 10.0 10.1 88.9 / 1.3 \ (2) 3 4 8 Do do Apr. 26,1940 2 10.0 11.2 98. 7 \ • 1. 2 / H \ (2) 3. 5 5 700 Sugar Creek, 1 mile below New HoMnSu 64.5 May 28,1940 2 19.5 8.1 87.8 l ‘-7 7.0 (2) 2.9 7 Straitsville, Ohio. Do do June 6,1940 1 21.5 8.7 98.1 1.2 (2) 3. 2 24 Do do June 17,1940 1 20.0 9.4 103.0 / } 11 3.4 62 \ ‘3.9 1 Do do June 25,1940 1 23.0 9.9 113.7 / i-o ) 3. 2 6 Do do July 3,1940 (2) 1 20.0 8.9 97.4 \ 1 1.0 f 2.1 J \ (2) 3. 2 7 Do ___ _do July 12,1940 19. 5 9.1 98.4 \ 1 2. 4 .4 11 2.9 6 Do do July 22,1940 (2) 27.5 8.9 111.3 / 1-3 \ 3. 2 4 Do .. ___do___ July 30,1940 (2) 26.0 8.4 101.5 l 1.8 / } 1 3. 5 3 Do do Aug. 7,1940 (2) 22. 5 8.0 91. 2 \ 1.1 ( 1.1 J } 2 3 5 2 Do _do Aug. 15,1940 (2) 24. 0 8.1 95.0 l *.5 [ .3 ) 2 3. 5 3 Sugar Creek, 1 mile below New HoMnSu 64.5 Aug. 23,1940 18.0 9.8 102.6 l 1.6 f 1-6 I 2 3.4 Straitsville, Ohio. l 9 Do Sept. 10,1940 19.0 8.3 88.8 I !•1 ) d 3.0 4 Do do Jan. 23,1941 4. 0 12.3 93. 5 l 1.7 / 1.0 i 3 4 6 Red Fork Creek, 1 mile above Mur- HoMnRf 57.5 Apr. 23,1940 37 6.5 11.2’ 91.0 l 1 1.1 / 3.2 } (2> 3.5 ray City, Ohio. l * 1.0 Do Apr. 25,1940 21 8.5 9. 2 78.8 1 (2) 3.2 570 Do Apr. 26,1940 17 7.5 11.3 94.2 1 '1.5 1 2'4 i v 1 } (2) 3. 5 35 1 l K5 Table H-7.—Hocking River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 485 Red Fork Creek, city limits below Murray City, Ohio. Do HoMnRf 55.0 Apr. 23,1940 Apr. 25,1940 Apr. 26,1940 May 28,1940 June 6,1940 June 17,1940 June 25,1940 July 3,1940 July 12,1940 July 22,1940 July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 Aug. 15,1940 Aug. 23,1940 Sept. 10,1940 Jan. 23,1941 May 28,1940 June 6,1940 June 17,1940 June 25,1940 July 3,1940 July 12,1940 July 22,1940 July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 Aug. 15,1940 37 21 17 10 12 9 8 2 6 (*) 1 2 1 8.0 10.0 9.0 17.5 19.5 17.5 19.0 17.0 18.0 20.5 22.0 20.0 21.5 18.0 18.0 4.5 17.0 21.5 20.0 22.0 20.5 20.0 22.5 26.0 23.5 23.5 10.9 8.8 10.6 3.5 10.3 9.8 9.6 8.6 8.4 8.2 8.4 9.0 8.2 9.4 8.5 12.9 5.7 10.2 8.9 9.0 8.4 7.6 7.1 7.3 7.5 6.7 »>-'!{ { Jit 91.fi 7 f § } * } (J) } (?) 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.5 4.4 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.8 556 50 Do 480 Snow Creek, 2 miles above Murray City, Ohio. Do HoM-dSw 56.5 36.4 111.6 101.5 102.9 88.2 87.7 90.4 94.7 98.4 92.1 98.5 89.1 99.6 58.3 114.1 97.4 102.4 92.2 83.3 81.5 88.7 86.7 78.2 l ‘.4 1.2 10 13 85 28 48 20 7 . 5 Do { 4:S / 3.0 \ • 1.3 / 2.2 \ '.3 { V? { <1 { { ,1 r .8 \ ‘.8 J l.i 1 1 i.i J 2.6 1 1 .6 1.0 .5 f 4.8 l >.6 f 5.7 l '.7 / 2.9 \ i 1.3 / 2.6 \ * 1.2 VS w ( 1.5 l i 1.2 / V? ) (’) } (J) j Do Do Do J Do / } Do Do.... / Do / 4 Do / } Do J } 4 22 24 12 12 5 5 5 6 3 2 2 Do / } 0 Snow Creek, 1 mile below Murray City, Ohio. Do HoMnSw 54 10 12 9 8 2 6 (s) 1 2 1 Do \ Do 1 2 \ Do Do 1 J (2) Do... Do I ) - Do . J V Do 1 } 1 Seeded and neutralized. 2 Less than 1. l *. y / 486 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 6 Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million . Sampling point Mileage from mouth Parts per million Percent satura- tion Snow Creek, 1 mile below Murray IIoMnSw 54 Aug. 23,1940 19.0 7.4 78.6 f 1.5 }... 2.6 City, Ohio. Do do Sept. 10,1940 20.0 8.6 94.0 l *•! 1 2.6 } 2.5 4 Do do Jan. 23,1941 4.0 12.5 95.1 \ *1.2 / I 24 3.6 30 Town Creek, city limits above Corn- HoSnTn 65 Apr. 16,1940 38 8.5 10.8 92.2 l !-6 f 1.7 1 (2) 6.0 ing, Ohio. Do do Apr. 18,1940 69 13.0 10.2 96.6 1.1 4 7.1 11 Do do Apr. 24,1940 20 8.0 10.8 90.6 1.6 2 6.7 Town Creek, city limits below Corn- HoSnTn 63 Apr. 16,1940 38 7.0 10.6 87.1 / 1.0 1 46 6.1 42 196 ing, Ohio. \ 1 1.2 J Do do Apr. 18,1940 69 13.5 8.9 84.9 1.0 15 6.6 85 g Do . __ Apr. 24,1940 20 9.5 11.2 98.2 .3 4 5 2 72 9 410 Sunday Creek, 0.4 mile above Corn- HoSn 65 May 28,1940 6 14.0 10.2 98.0 .6 2 7.0 2 57 ing, Ohio. Do do June 6,1940 8 20.0 8.7 94.8 .4 110 7.1 59 Do do June 17,1940 6 21.0 8.0 88.5 1.3 460 7. 4 32 Do do June 25,1940 5 19.0 8.5 90.9 1.0 110 7.0 92 Do do July 3,1940 2 18.0 9.2 96.3 .6 150 7. 5 13 Do do July 12,1940 1 19.5 7.6 82.2 2.6 1,100 6. 7 350 Do do July 22,1940 (2) 22.0 5.2 58.7 1.5 7.2 20 20 Do do July 30,1940 (2) 24.5 6.7 79.2 .9 15 7.1 7 75 Do ... . do Aug. 7,1940 (2) 20.5 7.3 80.3 1.3 110 6 9 12 Do do Aug. 15,1940 1 23.0 4.4 50.3 2.7 1,100 6.8 24 71 Do do Aug. 23,1940 18.5 8.3 87.7 2.0 91 6 7 27 Do do Sept. 10,1940 18.5 7.6 80.7 .8 210 7.1 5 82 Do do Jan. 23,1941 2.5 13.4 97.8 .6 93 7.0 24 45 Sunday Creek, 1.5 miles below Corn- HoSn 63 May 28,1940 6 14.0 1.2 11.9 1.0 (2) 4. 4 25 ing, Ohio. Do do June 6,1940 8 18.0 8.8 92.3 .2 46 3.7 23 Do do June 17,1940 6 19.5 6.4 69.1 f 7.9 ) 93 3.6 60 Do do June 25,1940 5 17.0 9.1 93.3 l ‘-4 ) 9 3.9 17 Do do July 3,1940 2 16.0 7.4 74.3 \ *• A / 7-> / 1 9 3.5 16 \ 1 o / Table H—7.—Hocking River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 487 Do July 12,1940 July 22,1940 July 30,1940 1 19.0 7.5 80.3 / 7.8 } 24 \ 3.7 18 Do (2) 22.0 4.3 48.9 1 l-8 f 6.2 3.0 40 Dn (2) 20.5 4.0 44.1 \ 1.4 / 6.3 ; \ 3.0 41 \ D.O / Do Aug. 7,1940 Aug. 15,1940 Aug. 23,1940 Sept. 10,1940 Jan. 23,1941 (2) 18.0 5.1 53.4 f 6.9 \ 3.0 22 Do 1 18.0 7.1 74.2 \ i 1.3 7.7 / 7.6 / (2) \ 3.1 12 Do 16.5 6.7 67.7 2.8 16 Do 17.5 4.9 51.0 l '-9 / 3.0 } 0 46 2.7 9 Do 3.0 12.9 95.4 \ i 1.8 6.9 45 42 Sunday Creek, 1 mile above Glouster, Oct. 20,1939 13 12.5 12.1 112.9 7.7 « 2.9 12 Ohio. 3.2 60 Do Oct. 26,1939 Nov. 3,1939 10 15.5 11.5 114.4 4.1 2J7 (2) Do 9 1.0 9.9 69.8 (2) 4.8 20 414 Sunday Creek, \> 124 257 577 29 72 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million.. 6.9 3.0 4.6 9.0 12.6 10.2 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 1.2 4.1 3.9 2.8 3.2 4.1 River Kanawha Kanawha New New New New New Location United Below Above Bridge at Below Above Below States Gauley mouth Hinton Narrows Pearis- bridge, lock, Bridge burg Radford London River miles above mouth of 82.8 95 97.1 159 19S 204 247 Kanawha. Period Decern- Decern- Decern- May- April April April ber 1939 ber 1939 ber 1939 June 1940 1940 1940 1940 Number of samples.. 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 13, 330 3. 260 3,170 Minimum month . 1.130 1.090 L090 '940 Water temperature °C 6.0 4.0 5.5 18.8 11.2 11.8 9.7 Coliforms per milliliter. 62 7 2 41 9 7 9 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 11.9 12.0 12.1 8.6 9.9 9.8 10.6 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 1.6 .6 .8 .8 1.1 1.0 .8 River Peak Peak S troubles Stroubles Brush Brush Blues tone Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Location Above Below Above Below Above Below Below Pulaski, Pulaski, Blacks- Blacks- Prince- Prince- Blue- Va. Va. burg, Va. burg, Va. ton, ton, field, W. Va. W. Va. Va. River miles above: Confluence with New River. 23.5 22 11 9 27 24.5 69.5 Mouth of Kanawha. 268 266.5 244 242 191.5 189 215 Period, 1940 April April April April April April May and May and May Number of samples 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 68 68 3 3 3 20 30 Minimum month . m m rn - m Water temperature °C 9.0 10.3 12.8 13.2 14.2 13.7 13.5 Coliforms per milliliter 16 26 8 4.740 88 970 11 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million ... 10.8 8.1 10.1 7.4 9.4 5.5 9.0 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million .6 * 7. 77 3.4 11.6 .6 2.4 3.0 LEGEND Average Coliform Results at Sampling Stations. Symbol Most Probobl« number per ml. Under 25 26- 50 5 I -100 101-200 Over 200 (Face p.500) No. 1 GPO-O O-S8035 KANAWHA—LITTLE KANAWHA BASINS COLIFORM RESULTS Fig.K-3 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 LEGEND Average Dissolved Oxygen Results at Sampling Stations. Symbol Dissolved Oxygen p.p.m Over 6.5 5.1 to 6.5 3.1 to 5.0 3.0 or It** (Pace p.500) No. 2 GPO- 43 0 - 90035 KANAWHA—LITTLE KANAWHA BASINS DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS Fig. K -4 0 H1 ° R|VE,J POLLUTION SURVEY U. S- PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1 LEGEND Average B. 0. D. Results ot Sampling Stations. Symbol (Normal Samples) p. p.m. 0.0 *0 3.0 3.1 to 5.0 Over 5.0 Acid Stream Samples (Neutralized & Seeded) ■ (Face p.500) No. 3 GPO • 43 0 -90035 KANAWHA—LITTLE KANAWHA BASINS BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND Fig. K-5 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION'SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 501 Table K-5.—Kanawha River Basin: Selected laboratory data—Continued River.., Green- Green- Piney Piney Cherry Cherry Elk brier brier Creek Creek Location... Above Below Above Below Above Below Below Marlin- Marlin- Bockley, Beckley, Rich- Rich- Falling ton, W. ton, W. W. Va. W. Va. wood, wood, Rock, Va. Va. W. Va. W. Va. W. Va. River miles above: Confluence with New River... 10(5.5 103 9.5 9 70 69 16 Mouth of Kanawha 267.5 264 143.5 143 167 166 74 Period May and May and May May January January Decern- June 1940 June 1940 1940 1940 and Feb- and Feb- ber 1939 ruary ruary 1940 1940 Number of samples 3 9 3 3 2 2 2 Flow in cubic feet per second: 3,800 3,800 18 18 330 330 10 10 (i) (i) Water temperature °C 15.5 16.0 17.0 16. 3 0 0 6.0 Conforms per milliliter 9 125 20 392 1 23 67 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 9.0 9.1 8.6 8.5 13.4 13.0 10.8 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million .6 .7 2.8 » 2.0 1.8 1.2 1.8 • Less than 1. • Acid sample—seeded and neutralized. From one to four stream samples were collected and analyzed from each sampling point reached by a trailer unit and from four to nine samples monthly were obtained at the mouth during the 9-month period of sampling from the Kiski. Discharges were generally low during the periods from August 1939 to February 1940 and from December 1940 to February 1941. Medium high to high discharges prevailed from March to May 1940. Figures K-3, K-4, and K-5 show graphically the coliform dissolved oxygen, and oxygen demand results. In the vicinity of Charleston and at the mouth, where the results were obtained over a period of months, the results shown on these spot maps represent the most unfavorable monthly averages. All other results represent the aver- ages of the series of one to four samples collected at each point by a mobile unit over periods of less than 1 month. From these results it appears that the larger streams of the Kanawha Basin are not seriously polluted except in the 40-mile stretch below Charleston. Bad localized conditions exist on the tributaries of the New River below Boone, West Jefferson, Wytheville, Pulaski, Chris- tiansburg, Blacksburg, Bluefield, Pocahontas, and Beckley. The Greenbrier, Gauley, and Elk Rivers above Charleston are in relatively good sanitary condition. Gas, oil, and refinery wastes produce taste and odor problems along the Elk River. Acid stream conditions were observed in the vicinity of Pulaski, Va., on Peak Creek and along Piney and Beaver Creeks near Beckley, W. Va., and along Dunloup Creek at Mount Hope. At Pulaski the acidity is due to wastes from a chemical plant while at the other points it is caused by mine drainage. The pHs of these streams ranged from 3.0 to 5.9 and phenolphthalein acidities from about 10 to more than 125 parts per million. In collaboration with the West Virginia Department of Health and the State water commission, a survey of taste and odor problems along 502 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL the Kanawha and Elk Rivers, with particular reference to the prob- lems existing in the Charleston area, was carried out in the winter of 1939-40 and again in 1940-41. Threshold odor examinations were made of the river waters at stations above, in, and below Charleston and of certain industrial wastes. These results show a marked in- crease in the threshold odor numbers of Kanawha River water in the vicinity of the Marmot Locks and Dam. Values of 300 to 400 were observed at various times at Marmet, Charleston, and South Charles- ton. On the Elk River the threshold odor numbers were generally below 50. Odor determinations are at best rather crude criteria and are largely dependent upon the observer’s ability at detection. Then, too, high intensity transient odors may mask more persistent but less intense troublesome odors. Odor determinations, both before and after storage under standard conditions, have been suggested as a means of eliminating transient odors. The results as a whole indicate that the odors tend to diminish progressively downstream from Charleston on the Kanawha and that odors along the Elk River tend to diminish from Clendenin to the Charleston intake. Threshold odor determinations made on the effluent from several industrial plants in the vicinity of Charleston and on the Elk River gave results ranging from about 500 to 1,000,000 or more. The odor determinations in themselves should serve more as a guide and should be supplemented with other chemical data before drawing too many conclusions from the results. Further treatment of industrial wastes probably will contribute to overcoming the taste and odor problem in this region. Biological summary.—The flora and fauna of the Kanawha were found to be less than 1,000 parts per million, which may be due in part to the clean nature of the upper reaches and also the industrial wastes near Charleston and along the Elk River. Hydrometric Data More than 50 stream-gaging stations have been maintained in the Kanawha Basin at various times and 25 are currently in operation. Table K-6 shows monthly mean summer flows at 8 stations for the 3 driest summers of record at each station. Practically con- tinuous discharge records are available on the Kanawha River at Kanawha Falls (mile 95) for the period since 1877, one of the longest periods of record in the Ohio Basin. Figure K-6 is a low-flow fre- quency curve for this stream based on the 4 summer months (June- September, inclusive). A second curve, plotted to the same scale, shows similar information for flows regulated by Bluestone Reservoir. It indicates that the frequencies with which various minimum monthly mean summer flows may be expected, both with and without Bluestone Dam regulation, are as follows: Kanawha River at Kanawha Falls Minimum monthly mean summer flows in cubic feet per second that may be expected once in— 2 years 5 years 10 years Minimum Unregulated 3,400 4,100 2,320 3,120 2,140 2, 670 1,290 2,000 Regulated by Bluestone Reservoir.. .. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 503 NOTE- FLOW AT KANAWHA FALLS REGULATED BY BLUESTONE DAM WAS DETERMINED BY APPLYING ALGEBRAIC DIFFERENCE OF MONTHLY MEAN REGULATED FLOWS MINUS UNREGULATED FLOWS AT BLUESTONE DAM-SITE TO MONTHLY MEAN FLOWS AT KANAWHA FALLS; THEN FREQUENCY CURVE WAS COMPUTED FROM THESE MODIFIED FLOWS IN THE SAME MANNER AS FOR NATURAL FLOWS. SUMMER LOW FLOW FREQUENCY CURVES KANAWHA RIVER AT KANAWHA FALLS, W. VA. 1899 -1935 Fig.K-6 U S. ENGINEER DEPT., OHIO RIVER DIVISION SEPT. 1941 Fig.K-6 KANAWHA RIVER PERCENT OF YEARS MINIMUM MONTHLY MEAN DISCHARGE EQUALED OR' EXCEEDED (ONLY JUNE - JULY - AUGUST - SEPTEMBER CONSIDERED) MONTHLY MEAN DISCHARGE IN C.FS. 504 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table K-6.—Kanawha River Basin—monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred River - Location River miles above mouth of Kanawha. Drainage area (square miles) Period of record New At Eggles- ton, Va. 217 2,941 1915-37 Kanawha, Kanawha Kails, W. Va. 95 8,367 1877-1940 Peak Creek At Pulaski, Va. 253 68 1927-33 Bluestone, Lilly, W. Va. 168 438 1908-16 1920-40 Year . 1925 1930 1930 1930 cubic feet, per second 1,530 2, 550 1,290 36.4 July 1, 320 27.2 812 1,520 1,310 26.2 September do 853 0.8 7.3 Year 1930 1925 1932 1939 June ..cubic feet per second.. 1,710 3, 370 14.1 319 July _do 999 2, 660 2.7 182 August .do 1,250 1,390 2.3 90.9 September : 1,070 1,340 1.6 26.3 Year 1932 1932 1929 1911 June ..cubic feet per second. 2, 660 7,160 221 88.6 July -do 1, 500 11,300 19.2 132 August do 1,230 2,910 8.2 34.5 September. do 1,020 1,340 5.6 40.2 River. Greenbrier Gauley Elk Coal Location Buckeye, W. Va. Suminers- ville, W. Va. Queen Shoals, W. Va. Ashford, W. Va. River miles above mouth of Kanawha 263 142 84 72 Drainage area (square miles).. 540 680 1,145 393 Period of record 1929-40 1908-16 1929-40 1929-40 1930-40 Year 1930 1930 1930 1930 June ..cubic feet per second.. 191 108 128 23.4 July _do 27.8 13.3 17.1 6.4 August do 21.5 23.5 13.1 13.4 September do 13.5 7.7 7.2 1.3 Year 1932 1939 1932 1939 June ..cubic feet per second.. 264 403 841 196 July .do 896 1,330 7,280 121 August... do 75.1 464 570 32.9 September __do 35.0 38.7 52.7 8.3 Year 1934 1936 1939 1936 June. ..cubic feet per second.. 149 90.4 543 19.6 July 40.6 57.4 1,650 29.6 August .do 56.5 78.0 586 36.8 September. do 234 56.1 39.4 45.4 Proposed stream control.—The following proposed reservoirs in the Kanawha Basin have been studied by the United States Engineer Department in connection with the authorized program for Ohio River flood control: OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 505 Reservoir Stream Maximum storage, acre- feet Supplemental flow made available, cubic feet per second Poca __ 202,000 108,000 43,600 315,000 108, 500 1,010,000 8 70 29 134 74 Unknown Elk River _ Birch Summersville - Gauley River The supplemental flows shown are those that could be made avail- able by use of a portion of the flood-control storage capacity after the end of the flood season. Low-flow regulation by the Moores Ferry Reservoir would depend largely on possible power operations. Con- sideration is being given to such operation of the reservoirs. Discussion The major pollution problems of the Kanawha Basin are in the main Kanawha Valley in the vicinity of Charleston. Problems of lesser importance exist on the Elk River below oil and gas plants and on other streams below moderate sized and small municipalities. Charleston and vicinity.—In the vicinity of Charleston the chemical industry discharges large volumes of wastes which constitute a drain on the oxygen resources of the river and cause objectionable tastes and odors in downstream water supplies. In addition to the industrial wastes, sewage from Charleston and other cities along the river is discharged untreated. Laboratory results during the low-flow period in December 1939 showed a dissolved oxygen content of 3 parts per million in the Kanawha at the Winfield locks (mile 31.1). Tnis represents a deficiency below saturation of about 8.7 parts per million. Such a deficiency during the summer would result in the complete exhaus- tion of all the oxygen in the stream with attendant nuisance conditions and destruction of aquatic life. Because of the unique character of many of the chemical plants, their rapid growth, and the constant changes in processes and pro- ducts, methods of accomplishing reduction in the strength or quantity of the wastes must be based on a rather complete study of each plant. Because of the technical and often secret nature of the industrial processes involved, pollution corrective measures are squarely up to the industries themselves. Outside assistance must be confined to determining which effluents are damaging and measuring accomplish- ments after corrective measures have been taken. The Ohio River pollution survey working with the State of West Virginia, has already located the damaging effluents. Several of the plants have undertaken studies and have instituted new practices, designed particularly to reduce the discharge of wastes causing tastes and odors- in the water supplies taken from the Kanawha River. Intensified efforts on the part of the industrial research technicians as well as the State enforcement agency are necessary to preven t a steady deteriora- tion in the quality of the lower Kanawha River because of the phe- nomenal growth of the chemical industry. 506 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL The capital cost of remedial or pollution control measures at the large industrial plants is estimated very approximately to be $1,000,000 and the annual operating cost to be $160,000. This estimate is much smaller than the cost of correcting an equivalent amount of organic pollution in the form of domestic sewage, and is more in line with the experience of a limited number of large industries confronted with organic and taste and odor pollution problems. The estimate may be subject to reduction with the development of efficient recovery practices. Preliminary survey information on pollution loadings in the South Charleston area and river and industrial effluent quality were released to the State and served as a basis for pollution abatement discussion with the industries. As a result, a start toward pollution control has been, and is being, made by the industries. The program is in its early stages and, although a resurvey was made, no improvement of consequence was noted. This is not an adverse result as industrial activity had increased during the period between surveys and greater pollution might have been expected. Although industrial pollution overshadows sewage pollution in importance on the Kanawha, the municipal wastes from Charleston and vicinity cause heavy bacterial loadings on downstream water supplies. Primary treatment and chlorination at these places seems justified to prevent sludge deposits and to reduce bacterial loadings. Augmentation of low flows in the Kanawha by operation of the proposed flood-control reservoirs would be a distinct help in correcting conditions in the lower Kanawha. Such help would reduce, but would not eliminate, the need for sewage treatment and industrial waste remedial measures. There are probably limits to the effective- ness of industrial waste remedial measures which will necessitate the discharge of large amounts of polluting material even after a maximum of practicable treatment and recovery. Even with a reduction com- parable to that effected by a secondary sewage treatment plant, the industrial wastes in the Charleston area would have a population equivalent of more than 200,000. Since continued growth is to be expected, conditions will become worse. The national-defense program is causing great increases in production at the chemical plants, both of war materials and of chemicals for synthetic fibers. The increased production will tend to aggravate stream conditions. The Bluestone Reservoir, now being constructed by the United States Engineer Department, will increase the flow of the Kanawha by more than 600 cubic feet per second, or about 50 percent of the lowest summer monthly flow of record. Other reservoirs would supply less additional flow and their value for pollution control would be in proportion to the supplemental flow which they could provide. The Poca Reservoir, being downstream from Charleston, would have little value for pollution control. Augmentation of low flows by the Clendenin and Birch Reservoirs would insure the adequacy of Charles- ton’s Elk River water supply and obviate the necessity of using the more heavily polluted Kanawha River water during extremely dry years. Increased low flow is practically always a benefit to organic pollu- tion abatement. However, in the case of bacterial and taste and odor pollution, benefits are offset, in part, by the decreased time of flow which reduces the time natural purification agencies have to act. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 507 Miscellaneous pollution.—At other communities along the Kanawha and New Rivers, primary treatment will be sufficient to maintain excellent stream conditions. Secondary treatment is indicated at such places as Rich wood and Princeton, W. Va., and Pulaski and Galax, Va., wdiere stream flows often become very low. At Rich- wood pollution from a pulp mill has, until recently, caused serious pollution for some distance downstream in the Cherry River. The industry has now moved and with the treatment of Richwood’s wastes the stream can be again made suitable for fish life. Tastes and odors caused by wastes from the gas and petroleum industry in the Elk Basin give trouble at the Charleston water intake. Studies are being made to determine the best method of solving this problem. Except for the Kanawha River in the Charleston area, and a few of the smaller tributaries, the streams of the Kanawha Basin can be maintained in good condition by the use of available waste treatment methods. The widespread use of the streams as sources of public water supplies and for recreational purposes justifies relatively high- standards of water quality. The estimated cost of the suggested pollution abatement program is summarized in table K-l together with estimates of the cost of existing sewage treatment plants and of programs for primary and for secondary treatment of all wastes. 508 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion KNrEf 412- Apr. 19,1940 145 12.5 7.9 74.1 9.0 2 400 7.0 28 Do--' Apr. 23,1940 69 6.5 10.4 84.5 3.6 9! 300 Do Apr. 25,1940 41 6.0 10.6 84. 7 2. 7 4 200 Boone Creek, below Boone, N. C RNrBo 412 Apr. 19,1940 87 12.5 8.3 77.5 6.5 ’240 7.1 650 32 51 Do do Apr. 23,1940 41 8.0 9.8 82. 2 8. 7 93 Do do Apr. 25,1940 25 8.5 10.0 85.0 2.8 93 20 Winkler Creek, below Boone, N. C_. KNrW 411 Apr. 19,1940 58 11.0 9.7 87.7 .8 46 6.9 Do Apr. 23,1940 28 6.0 11.0 87.7 .8 4 Do - do Apr. 25,1940 16 6.0 11.1 89. 1 .6 2 10 Little Buffalo Creek, above West KNrNfL 375 Apr. 19,1940 2 12.5 7.0 65.0 6.4 2,400 7.1 40 Jefferson, W. Va. Do Apr. 23,1940 3 7.5 9.7 80.9 3.0 910 Do do Apr. 25,1940 4 7.5 9.8 81.4 1.9 1,500 20 Little Buffalo Creek, below West KNrNfL 374 Apr. 19,1940 2 12.5 6.7 62.7 9.8 1,100 7.1 525 41 63 Jefferson, W. Va. Do Apr. 23,1940 3 7.5 9.6 79.5 3.9 430 g Do do Apr. 25.1940 4 7.5 9.8 81.6 2.0 2 400 10 50 Bledsoe Creek, above Sparta, N. C—_ KNrLrB 336 Apr. 19,1940 6 12.0 9.4 86.3 .5 24 6.9 13 Do do Apr. 23,1940 8 6.0 10.8 86.2 .5 2 Do do Apr. 25,1940 10 6.0 10.8 86.7 .5 9 12 Bledsoe Creek, 200 feet above mouth. KNrLrB 335 Apr. 19,1940 6 12.5 9.4 88.0 1.3 460 7.1 18 Do do Apr. 23,1940 8 6.5 10.9 88.3 .7 460 5 Do do Apr. 25,1940 10 6.0 10.9 87.3 .8 1,100 7 38 New River, above Fries, Va_ KNr 199 Apr. 22,1940 3,130 8.0 10.3 86.4 .9 24 6.9 Do do Apr. 24,1940 2, 720 8.5 10.2 86.9 .6 15 15 Do do Apr. 26,1940 2,300 9.5 9.9 86.6 .8 15 New River, below Fries, Va KNr 197.5 Apr. 22,1940 3,130 8.0 10.4 87.6 1.9 ‘ 240 6.9 13 Do Apr. 24,1940 2,720 8.5 10.0 85.2 1.0 460 14 Do do Apr. 26,1940 2, 300 9.5 9.8 85.3 1.9 93 Chestnut Creek, waterworks intake, KNrC 306 Apr. 22,1940 159 9.0 10.7 92.5 .7 4 6.9 16 Galax, Va. Do do Apr. 24,1940 107 7.5 10.5 87.1 .7 24 18 Do do Apr. 26,1940 105 9.5 9.9 86.6 .9 21 Chestnut Creek, below milk plant, KNrC 305 Apr. 22,1940 159 8.5 10.9 93.0 2.8 43 6.9 16 Galax, Va. Do do__ Apr. 24,1940 107 7.5 10.5 87.1 1.0 240 16 Do do Apr. 26,1940 105 9.5 9.9 86.7 .9 23 Table K-7.—Kanawha River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 509 Chestnut Creek, below all sewage, Galax, Va. Do - KNrC 304 Apr. 22,1940 Apr. 24,1940 Apr. 26. 1940 Apr. 22,1940 Apr. 24,1940 Apr. 26,1940 Apr. 22,1940 Apr. 24,1940 Apr. 26,1940 Apr. 24,1940 Apr. 26,1940 Apr. 11,1940 Apr. 15,1940 Apr. 16,1940 Apr. 11,1940 Apr. 15,1940 Apr. 16,1940 Apr. 11,1940 Apr. 15,1940 Apr. 16,1940 Apr. 11,1940 Apr. 15,1940 Apr. 16,1940 Apr. li, 1940 Apr. 15,1940 Apr. 16,1940 Apr. 11,1940 Apr. 15,1940 Apr. 16,1940 Apr. 11,1940 Apr. 15,1940 Apr. 16,1940 Apr. 11,1940 Apr. 15,1940 Apr. 16,1940 Apr. 10,1940 Apr. 12,1940 Apr. 17,1940 159 9.0 10.8 92.8 5.1 460 6.9 14 16 5 do 107 7.5 10.4 86.6 1.2 150 29 18 37 Do 105 9.5 9.8 85.4 1.4 240 15 54 New River, above Austinville, Va..- Do . . KNr 286 5,360 3,410 3,460 5,360 3,410 3, 460 87 8.5 10.2 87.2 1.3 24 6.9 16 9.5 10.2 89.2 .8 46 16 Do 11.0 10.1 91.0 .8 24 New River, bridge on Route 52, Austinville, Va. Do KNr 282.. 8.0 10.3 86.9 .8 43 7.0 150 19 43 do 9.0 10.3 89.2 .6 4 70 24 38 Do 10.5 10.3 91.8 .7 43 48 53 Crooked Creek at mouth, Wood- lawn, Va. Do KNrCr 300.5 7.5 10.8 89.9 .7 9 6.9 35 15 29 86 9.0 12 Reed Creek above Wytheville, Va... Do 126 10.0 10.1 88.8 2.2 4 7.8 71 93 8.0 11.3 94.9 .8 1 88 Do 88 12.0 10.3 94.9 .8 24 Reed Creek, below last sewer, Wythe- ville, Va. Do KNrRe 297 126 11.5 3.2 28.9 83.2 24,000 46,000 7.6 271 93 12.0 3.0 27. 4 297 238 Do 88 14.5 0 0 176 46,000 Reed Creek, 2 miles below Wythe- ville, Va. Do KNRRe 298 126 10.5 10.3 92.2 1.2 1,100 8.2 77 do__ 93 10.5 11.5 102.2 1.2 4 12 98 148 Do 88 13.5 10.1 96.4 1.1 4 7 140 KNrP 268 84 10.5 10.7 95.7 .8 46 7.8 Do do 6i 6.0 11.4 91.2 .3 1 4 40 101 Do do 58 10.5 10.2 90.9 .7 2 4 103 Peak Creek, below last sewer, Pulaski, Va. Dn - __ __ KNrP 266.5 84 10.5 8.2 72.7 ra {■i» PS} 24 3.3 do. 61 8.0 8.9 75.2 8 2.9 Do do - 58 12.5 7.2 66.9 46 3.0 Peak Creek, below Chemical Co., Pulaski, Va. Dn KNrP 267 84 13.0 9.2 86.7 do... - 61 8.5 9.1 77.2 (!) 2.8 Do - do 58 12.5 7.4 69.2 l . 6J PS} 1.4 (J) 3 3.0 KNr 248 2,410 3,030 10.5 11.0 98.4 7.4 17 36 65 ~ Do ’ . do__ 7.0 10.2 84.2 .8 1 10 42 88 Do .. do... 3, 300 13.0 10.5 99.3 1.4 1 9 53 KNr 247 2,720 * 3,270 3,520 4 12.5 11.2 104.9 1.1 9 8.1 44 Do 7.0 10.4 85.2 .5 4 41 Do . do 10.0 10.1 88.2 .6 15 Crab Creek, above Christiansburg, Va. Crab Creek, at creamery, Christians- burg, Va. Dn ... . KNrCr 253.5 17.0 13.6 139.6 6.1 240 8.7 229 KNrCr 252.5 .. 3 11.5 3.6 33.3 5.3 230 238 do 2 13.5 .3 3.2 10 7 11,000 i Seeded and neutralized. 510 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Crab Creek, below treatment plant KNrCr 252 Apr. 10,1940 4 16.0 9.0 90.5 4.2 4,600 8.1 238 Christiansburg, Va. Do do_ Apr. 12,1940 3 10.5 9.2 82. 2 4 8 750 229 Do do Apr. 17,1940 2 11.5 9.3 84. 7 3. 6 210 20 270 Stroubles Creek, above sewage plant, KNrSt 244 Apr. 10,1940 5 11.5 9.5 87.0 3.2 9 8.0 193 Blacksburg, Va. Do -- --do Apr. 12,1940 3 12.5 9.6 89.6 3.6 9 205 Do do Apr. 17,1940 2 14.5 11.1 107.8 3.4 4 Stroubles Creek, below sewage plant, KNrST 242 Apr. 10,1940 5 12.0 9.0 82.9 3.1 930 7.9 201 Blacksburg, Va. ' Do do Apr. 12,1940 3 13.0 4.9 46.4 22.0 11,000 261 Do do Apr. 17,1940 2 14.5 8.2 79.9 9.7 2,300 Stroubles Creek, 150 yards above KNrSt 235.5 Apr. 10,1940 26 9.5 11.6 101.3 1.6 1,100 7.8 71 mouth, Blacksburg, Va. Do do 17 11. 5 10.4 95.1 1 fi 23 Do do. Apr. \7, 1940 13 13.5 11.4 108.5 2.0 4 193 New River, 4.2 miles above Pearis- KNr 206 Apr. 10,1940 2,320 9.0 10.9 94.0 .9 46 7.4 49 burg, Va. New River, 2 miles above Pearisburg, KNr 204 Apr. 12,1940 3, 570 9.5 9.8 85.6 1.2 4 47 Va. Do do Apr. 17,1940 2,950 14.0 9.8 •94.4 .8 9 New River, below Narrows, Va KNr 199. Apr. 10,1940 3,170 8.0 10. 8 90 8 1 1 7.4 Do 1 Apr. 12' 1940 3,800 10.0 9. 7 85. 3 1 2 51 Do do Apr. 17,1940 3,900 15.5 9. 4 93.1 . 9 4 Rich Creek, below Peterstown, Va..- KNrRi 195 Apr. 29,1940 30 11.5 10.4 94.9 .9 9 7.9 13 105 109 Do .do __ May 2,1940 24 10.0 10.3 90. 6 1 5 150 74 Do do May 7,1940 16 15.5 9.8 97.4 23 Grassy Branch, below railroad yards KNrErG 209 Apr. 29,1940 1 22.5 6.9 78.7 20.5 360 7.9 230 112 162 drain, Bluefieid, W. Va. Do do 1 13. 5 8.3 78 8 7 9 154 Do do May 7,1940 1 21.5 6.0 67. 5 45. 5 230 East River, at mouth, Glenlyn, Va KNrEr 189 Apr. 29,1910 81 11.0 95.6 . 7 23 7.9 Do do. May 2,1940 62 9.0 10.1 87.4 9 240 116 Do do . May 7,1940 41 15. 5 9.0 89.7 . 5 9 New River, bridge below Glenlyn, KNr 189 Apr. 29,1940 3,450 12.0 10.0 92.6 .5 15 7.5 14 53 69 Do do May 2,1940 5,220 11.0 9.7 87. 4 7 9 52 Do May 7,1940 4,180 15.5 9.1 90.1 .6 7 13 63 Table K-7.—Kanawha River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 511 KNrBl 218 May 1,1940 36 13.0 9.9 93.4 .5 15 7.8 102 Bluefield, W. Va. Do do_ May 6,1940 26 14.0 10.7 103.4 .9 93 109 Do May 9,1940 27 14.5 8.3 81.3 .7 9 KNrBl 216.5 May 1,1940 26 12.5 10.1 94.1 .9 43 7.9 107 Pond Creek, Bluefield. Do do 6,1940 20 12.0 10.7 99 1 1.4 240 00 o Do 9,1940 20 15.5 8.4 83.4 1.2 43 Beaver Pond Creek at mouth Blue- KNrBIB 216,5.... May L 1940 9 12.0 8.3 76.7 4.0 2,400 7.8 15 134 133 field, W. Va. Do do___ May 6,1940 6 11.5 8.6 78.7 8.0 930 10 151 143 Do 9,1940 6 12.5 8.0 74.3 2.8 930 10 137 Bluestone River, 1 mile below sewage KNrBl 215 May b 1940 36 12.5 9.0 84.4 2.6 23 7.6 14 113 109 plant, Bluefield. Do __ do May 6,1940 26 13.0 10.2 96.2 2.7 4 9 122 119 Do 9,1940 27 15.0 7.7 76.0 3.6 7 9 120 KNrBl 211 .Apr. 30,1940 74 17.0 8.6 88.4 2.1 23 7.6 83 W. Va. Do 3,1940 59 7.0 9.3 76.3 2.4 23 88 Do 8i 1940 37 22.5 7.9 90.3 2.3 23 KNrBIL 211 Apr. 30,1940 8 14.0 9.9 95.1 1.0 110 7.3 23 ' W. Va. Do 3,1940 6 7.5 11.0 91.1 1.2 460 28 Do 8', 1940 4 20.0 9.2 100.0 2.0 23 Laurel Creek, below Pocahontas, KNrBIL 209.5 Apr. 30i 1940 8 16.0 7.5 75.5 6.3 4,600 6.8 70 26 120 W. Va. Do do _ 3,1940 6 8.5 8.4 72.0 10.6 2,400 48 28 127 Do 8,1940 4 21.0 5.7 63.8 10.0 11,000 22 141 KNrBl 208 Apr. 30,1940 82 17.0 8.6 87.9 1.5 43 7.7 77 W. Va. Do 3,1940 66 11.0 9.3 83.6 1.1 43 80 Do 8,1940 41 22.0 8.4 94.9 1.7 43 KNrBl 207 Apr. 30,1940 87 15.0 8.4 82.4 .9 240 7.4 69 W. Va. Do do 3,1940 70 8.5 9.3 79.0 .9 460 72 Do 8i 1940 46 19.5 7.6 81.6 1.3 91 Crane Creek, at mouth Montcalm, KNrBIC 203 Apr. 30,1940 20 13.5 9.6 91.4 .6 93 7.9 32 131 161 W. Va. Do do May 3,1940 16 7.5 10.0 83.0 1.0 75 36 145 168 Do 8,1940 11 17.0 8.8 90.6 .6 93 28 171 KNrBlW 205.5 May li 1940 21 10.5 9.4 83.7 1.3 110 7.6 89 W. Va. Do May 6,1940 14 8.0 10.0 84.2 .6 39 99 Do May 9,1940 13 13.5 9.0 85.5 .8 460 KNrBlW 204 May 1,1940 21 11.0 9.2 82.6 1.3 210 7.5 89 W. Va. Do May 6,1940 14 8.5 9.8 83.9 1.2 230 102 Do May 9i 1940 13 14.0 8.3 80.2 8.0 2,400 Wide Mouth Creek, at mouth KNrBlW 201.5 May 1940 32 11.5 9.7 88.2 1.0 43 7.6 12 78 146 Do May 6,1940 20 10.0 10.2 89.9 2.0 23 7 90 165 Do May 9,1940 20 16.5 9.0 91.6 .9 93 12 175 90035—14—pt. 2—24 512 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- Average discharge, cubic feet per second forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Apr. May May Apr. 30.1940 3.1940 8.1940 29.1940 208 167 102 26 14 0 9.2 88.5 .6 21 7.6 71 Do 8.0 18.5 15.0 9.9 8.3 10.0 83.2 88.3 1.0 .7 240 23 14 80 120 Do Brush Creek, above Princeton, W. KNrBIBr 191.5... 98.2 .5 150 7.0 27 Va. May May Apr. 2,1940 22 10.0 9.2 81.4 .7 21 37 7,1940 13 17.5 9.1 94.3 .5 93 Brush Creek, below Princeton, W. KNrBIBr 189 29,1940 26 14.0 8.2 78.6 2.3 360 7.0 32 Va. Do do May May Apr. May May Apr. 2.1940 7.1940 29,1940 2.1940 22 13 8 6 9.5 17.5 11.0 9.5 6.6 1.8 10.7 10.4 57.6 18.4 96.6 91.2 1.0 4.0 2.4 3.8 150 2,400 1,100 430 19 46 48 Do Laurel Creek, below Athens, W. Va. do.__ KNrBILa 185 7.3 11 12 38 49 54 56 7,1940 29,1940 3 15.0 8.0 78.3 6.5 11,000 22 62 Brush Creek, at mouth, Speedway, KNrBIBr 182 42 13.0 10.3 97.5 .6 9 7.3 17 30 51 W. Va. do May 7,1940 22 15.5 9.6 96.0 1.4 3 8 48 47 KNrBIBr 182 Apr. 30,1940 370 14.0 9.5 92.0 .5 23 7.5 14 45 66 Do do May May May 3.1940 8.1940 27,1940 303 178 772 9.0 19.0 13.0 10.1 8.6 10.0 86.8 91.8 94.3 .8 .9 .8 15 4 52 g 87 Do East Fork Greenbrier River, above do KNrGrEf 300 4 6.9 18 Durbin, W. Va. Do do May June May 31.1940 5,1940 27.1940 990 319 772 12.5 17.0 12.5 10.0 9.8 9.5 93.2 100.5 88.8 .8 .4 f 2.7 24 12 \ 4 6.8 6.9 8.7 17 Do East Fork Greenbrier River, below do KNrGrEf 297 22 \ ‘2.2 J Durbin, W. Va. Dn do_ May June 31,1940 5,1940 990 13.5 9.9 94.7 1.3 9 7.0 27 20 18 23 Do do - 319 16.5 9.4 95.3 1.6 7.2 12 19 23 Greenbrier River, below Durbin, W. KNrGr 295 May 27,1940 1,390 13.5 9.5 90.3 1.5 4 7.2 Va. Do... - do May June May May 31.1940 5,1940 27.1940 31.1940 5,1940 2,800 415 1,390 2,800 415 13.5 17.5 14.0 12.5 9.8 9.2 9. 4 93.5 95.9 90. 2 1.1 1.1 .6 24 9 9 6.9 7.0 7. 1 19 Do Greenbrier River below Cass, W. Va. do 22 9.7 90.8 .8 9 6.9 20 17.0 9.4 96.3 .5 9 7.0 Greenbrier River, above Marlington, May 2i, 1940 3,470 14.5 9.0 87.8 .7 4 7.2 29 W. Va. May June 31,1940 5,1940 6,010 13.0 9.7 91.2 .4 15 7.0 21 Do 1,930 19.0 8.3 88.8 .5 9 7.1 Table K-7.—Kanawha River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 513 Greenbrier River, below Mariington, KNrGr 264 May 27,1940 3,470 16.0 9.4 94.5 .9 43 7.1 24 W. Va. Do do May 31,1940 6,010 13.0 9.6 90.7 .7 93 7.1 28 Do do June 5! 1940 1,930 19.0 8.0 89.2 .6 240 7 3 Howard Creek, below White Sulphur KNrGrH 213.5.... May 29,1940 81 13.5 9.5 91.0 .3 4 7.2 43 Springs, W. Va. Do - do_ June 4,1940 52 15.5 9.0 89.8 .4 2 7.2 42 Do 6, 1940 58 18.0 8.5 88.8 .1 4 Howard Creek, at mouth Caldwell, KNrGrH 208.5.... May 29', 1940 121 12.5 9.5 88.9 .3 23 7.2 3 43 45 W. Va. Do . do June 4.1940 77 16.0 9.1 91.8 .4 23 7.2 4 38 49 Do do. ... June 6, 1940 88 18.0 8.5 89.4 1.0 43 4 Greenbrier River, waterworks in- KNrGr 208.5 May 27,1940 2,320 17.5 9.2 95.1 1.0 24 7.1 18 28 28 take, Lewisburg, W. Va. Do do__ May 31,1940 10, 400 13.5 9.5 90.6 .7 110 7.0 170 37 31 Do . do. _ 5,1940 994 23.5 9.0 104.3 .7 4 7.3 22 3S KNrGr 203 May 28,1940 2,580 17.0 9.2 94.4 .9 43 7.1 30 Va. Do do.. June 3,1940 1,910 19.0 9.3 99.6 .6 4 7.3 33 Do do fi' 1940 1,200 23.0 9.0 103.3 .4 9 7.3 Fort Spring Creek, Fort Spring, W. KNrGrF 194 May 28,1940 ' 163 12.5 9.0 84.3 .8 93 7.4 52 116 104 Va. Do - do__ 3,1940 121 14.5 9.3 90.6 1.7 43 7.5 27 118 109 Do do June 6,1940 76 15.0 8.8 86.7 .7 23 7.4 18 123 KNrGr 188 May 28,1940 2,580 16.0 8.9 89.6 .9 9 7.2 33 take, Alderson, W. Va. Do do June 3, 1940 1,910 18.0 9.1 95.6 .6 9 7.3 37 Do do. 6,1940 1,200 21.0 8.0 89.2 .4 46 KNrGr 187. May 28,1940 2, 580 15.0 9.9 97.9 .6 15 7.2 31 W. Va. Do do. June 3,1940 1,910 16.5 9.0 91.2 .4 9 7.3 49 Do do 6, 1940 1,200 21.0 8. 1 90.3 .3 23 KNrGr 161.5 May 28,1940 6', 900 15.5 9.0 90.0 .6 23 7.2 25 37 36 Do .. do 3,1940 5, 300 16.0 9 2 92.0 .4 240 7.3 16 42 38 Do - do. June 6, 1940 2,900 21.5 8.3 92.9 .4 75 15 46 KNr 159 28,1940 12,600 16.0 8.9 89.8 .9 9 7.3 45 40 46 Do do June 3,1940 15' 200 18.5 8.8 93.2 .8 4 7.4 29 55 46 Do do June 6,1940 12; 200 22.0 8.1 91.7 .7 110 30 57 Glade Creek, above Beckley, W. Va. _ KNrGl 152.5 May 15,1940 6 12.5 9.1 84.8 .7 4 6.8 6 13 18 Do do May 20,1940 4 16.5 8.4 85.4 .9 24 6.7 12 15 17 Do do Mav 23,1940 4 16.0 8.6 86.5 .5 6.7 4 KNrPiB 143 May 15,1940 13 16.5 9.0 90.9 \ 1.8 } 46 3.9 3 78 W. Va. J Do do. May 20,1940 10 16.0 8.8 87.9 } 460 4.2 45 11 64 Do May 23,1940 • 9 16.0 8.6 86.6 { ll J } 23 3.7 10 59 1 Seeded and neutralizedi l *. 5 j 514 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Piney River, above treatment plant, KNrPi 143.5 May 15,1940 23 17.0 8.9 91.2 / .8 I 4 5.3 11 Beckley, W. Va. \ 1 1.0 J Do 16 17.0 8.2 84.6 J 1. i > 46 4.5 10 Do. do__ May 23,1940 16 17.0 8.8 89.8 \ 11.0 r .3 / } 9 4.8 Piney River, below treatment plant, KNrPi 143 May 15,1940 23 16.0 8.6 86.7 l ‘.3 J 2.5 1 210 5.5 10 Beckley, W. Va. \ 1 3.2 J Do do 16 17.0 8.2 84.7 > 930 4.9 13 Do May 23,1940 16 16.0 8.6 86.5 \ 11.8 / -9 1 36 4.8 Little Whitestick Creek, above treat- KNrPiL 141 May 13,1940 3 14.0 9.6 92.1 \ 1 1.0 1.5 J 1,100 8.1 135 - ment plant, Beckley, W. Va. Do do ___ 3 12.0 9.6 88.2 .9 43 7.5 69 Do 3 13.0 9.3 87.5 .8 43 7.4 62 Little Whitestick Creek below treat- KNrPiL 139 May 13,1940 3 15.0 4.8 47.1 72.7 24,000 7.6 90 179 126 ment plant, Beckley, W. Va. Do. . 3 12.5 7.5 70.4 6.8 4, 300 7.5 9 76 160 Do May 2l'l940 3 13.5 8.1 77.7 3.9 360 7.3 14 59 86 Mountain Stream, Mabscott, W. Va._ KNrPiM 147 16.0 7.7 77.6 1.1 23 6.7 14 36 209 Do May 18,1940 14.5 8.5 82.9 / ‘4 1 4 5.1 12 17 189 Piney River, above Raleigh, W. Va._ KNrPi 142 May 13,1940 27 17.5 8.6 89.4 l ‘-8 .7 4 6.5 8 15 72 Do.. 22 14.5 8.7 84.4 .4 2 6.8 7 15 77 Do. . May 21,1940 19 15.5 8.7 86.8 .6 24 6.6 27 12 44 Whitestick Creek, at mouth KNrPi W 143.5-.. May 15; 1940 6 18.5 8.8 93.2 1.6 460 7.3 4 32 262 Do... .. .. May 20,1940 5 15.0 8.1 79.7 6.0 2,400 7.1 135 38 110 Do May 23'1940 4 15.5 8.3 82.6 4.6 430 7.3 12 109 Beaver Creek, above Blue Jay, KNrPiB 147 May 15,1940 11 14.5 8.1 79.2 f .5 } (*) 3.9 W. Va. l 1.5 Do do ___ May 20,1940 9 14.5 8.1 78.6 1 .8 } 2 3.6 Do May 23,1940 8 15.5 7.9 79.0 l ‘-5 / -2 J ) (2) 4.2 Piney River, at mouth, McCreery, KNrPi 134 May 15,1940 59 17.5 9.0 93.8 l ‘-2 4 7.0 2 19 114 W. Va. Do May 20,1940 47 16.5 8. 1 81.8 3.9 110 6.8 175 22 83 Do.. do May 23,1940 42 5 8.9 90.2 .4 9 6.7 3 73 Table K-7.—Kanawha River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 515 Dunloup Creek, above Mount Hope, KNrD 132 May 15,1940 7 12.0 9.7 89.2 .6 1 3.7 W. Va. Do do May 17,1940 6 11.5 9.8 89.3 / -6 } 1 3. 5 Do do 5 13.0 9.2 86.5 l ‘-5 / -2 I 4 3. 7 Dunloup Creek, below Mount Hdpe, KNrD 130.5 May 14,1940 7 16.0 8.2 82.7 l *.3 r 6.7 } 1 3.7 W. Va. \ 1 6.4 J Do do May 17,1940 6 12.5 8.3 77. 4 ) 3 3.6 Do do May 22,1940 5 15.0 8.6 85.0 \ 1 1.3 / 1.5 ) 46 3 9 Dunloup Creek, below Searbro, KNrD 127 May 14,1940 14 17.5 8.7 90.1 l ‘.9 1.4 1,100 8.3 252 W. Va. Do do May 17,1940 1 13.5 9.5 90.5 1.3 1, 500 8. 2 260 Do do. 1 15.0 8.8 87.1 .6 230 7.5 Dunloup Creek, below Harvey, W. Va KNrD 125.5 May 14,1940 20 16.0 9.0 90.0 .9 93 7.5 110 Do do. May 17,1940 16 14.0 9.5 91.7 1 4 460 7 5 91 Do do May 22,1940 14 16.5 9.1 92.8 .3 36 7.0 Dunloup Creek at mouth, Thur- KNrD 122.5 May 14,1940 26 16.0 9.2 92.6 .6 39 7.3 23 44 234 mond, W. Va. Do do May 17,1940 22 14.0 9.8 94.3 .9 43 7 1 18 29 236 Do... do... May 22.1940 18 15.5 9.3 92.7 .4 23 6 8 17 117 Arbuckle Creek, below Minden, KNrAr 123. May 14,1040 7 16.0 8.9 89.7 4.0 1,100 8.1 15 213 123 W. Va. Do May 17,1940 6 14.5 9.2 90 2 3.5 2, 400 8 1 8 211 124 Do do . 5 17.5 8.1 83.6 1.9 430 1 9 13 84 Wolf Creek above Fayetteville, KNrWo 110 May 14,1940 6 13.5 9.1 87.2 .8 4 7.5 57 W. Va. Do do May 17,1940 4 15.0 9.9 97.7 .8 4 7. 5 70 Do do May 22,1940 4 15.5 9.0 89.6 .3 9 6. 7 KNrWo 109.5. May 14,1940 12.5 9.4 87.9 .6 4 6.9 4 21 26 ville, W. Va. Do May 17,1940 13.0 9.8 92.7 .6 1 6 8 5 21 24 Do .. do May 22,1940 14.5 9.0 87.8 .5 9 6 6 11 25 Wolfe Creek, below Fayetteville, KNrWo 109 May 14,1940 6 12.5 10.1 94.2 .6 4 8.4 3 229 62 W. Va. Do do __ May 17,1940 4 13.0 10.3 97.1 .7 2 8.5 3 240 49 Do do May 22,1940 4 16.0 9.4 94.8 .8 23 7. 3 8 29 KNr 97 Dec. 5,1939 1,580 5.5 12.0 94.5 .5 4 7. 4 8 65 97 Do ._■... Dec. 7,1939 1,910 5.5 12.3 97.0 1.2 1 7.5 6 65 Gauley River, above mouth of Cher- KGa 157.5 Jan. 15,1940 1, 710 0 13.3 91.0 1.4 46 6.0 15 6 55 ry River. Do Feb. 9,1940 1,020 0 13.4 91.5 .6 4 6 1 7 6 47 Cherrv River at water intake above KGaG-167 Jan. 15.1940 '435 0 13.4 91.3 3.1 1 5.9 15 5 Richwood. Do . Feb. 9,1940 225 0 13.4 91.3 .5 1 6 1 6 5 43 KGaC 166 Jan. 15; 1940 435 0 13.1 89.8 1.8 43 5.9 8 6 W. Va.J Do Feb. 9,1940 225 0 13.0 89.0 .6 4 6.3 17 8 51 1 Seeded and neutralized. J Less than 1. 516 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth \ Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter PH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Cherry River, below Fenwich, W. Va KGaC 164 May 29,1940 605 13.5 10.0 95.0 .4 4 6.8 6 14 19 Do do 4 1940 593 17 5 9 2 95 9 6.8 Do do. June 7,1940 294 2O.0 8.9 96 8 3 9 Gauley River, J4 mile below mouth KGa 157 Jan. 15,1940 1,680 0 13.2 90.2 1.2 93 6.0 13 6 49 Cherry River. Do - do 9 1940 1, 480 0 13 4 91 5 49 47 Arbuckle Creek, below Summerville, KGa A 143.5 May 29,1940 1 14.5 9.0 88.1 .6 240 6.7 10 21 W. Va. Do do___ 4. 1940 1 17 0 8 5 87 7 6.7 Do do June 7, 1940 (2) 21.5 7.6 84 8 7 460 14 22 Sewell Creek, above Rainelle, W. Va. KGaMS 157 May 29,1940 56 15.5 9.7 96.8 6 4 6.7 17 Do.... do— 4, 1940 43 17.0 9.1 93.6 9 6.8 25 Do do June 7,1940 28 21. 5 8.5 95.5 . 2 15 Sewell Creek, below East Rainelle, KGaMS 155.5 May 29,1940 116 15.0 9.0 89.0 1.0 460 6.7 24 21 18 W. Va. Do... 4,1940 89 18 0 8 3 87 2 6.7 19 Do do __ June 7,1940 57 22.0 7.4 84. 4 . 6 430 KGa 97 .. 5 1939 62 4 Ft 12 1 79 Do do 7,1939 198 4.5 12.2 94 0 2I3 Kanawha River, water intake, Glen K 95.6 Feb. 14; 1940 16, 700 3.5 12.5 93.7 . 4 15 6.2 15 10 Ferris, W. Va, Do do Feb. 20,1940 18, 300 4.0 12.6 96.1 2 5 9 Kanawha River, 2 miles below do Dec. 5; 1939 1,640 4.0 12.1 91.8 .6 9 7.3 11 63 116 Gau,ley Bridge. Do do 7,1939 2,110 4.0 12 0 91 Ft -8 Mountain Stream, Charleston K 93 Feb. 14; 1940 4.0 11.8 90.3 1. 5 <*> 4 6.9 23 Height ,W. Va. Do do_ Feb. 20,1940 6.0 11.5 92 0 7 (2) Kanawha River, water intake, Al- K 89.7 Feb. 14,1940 16, 700 3.5 12.6 94.9 .6 46 6.9 37 19 loy, W. Va. Do do Feb. 20,1940 18, 300 6.0 12. 8 102 6 1 n Kanawha River, lower edge Hare- K 88 Mar. 12,1940 5; 930 3.0 13.1 97.3 .6 23 7.1 6 27 wood, W. Va. Kanawha River, waterwoks intake. K 85.6-- Feb. 14,1940 16,700 2.0 13.1 94.9 1.3 110 7.1 77 31 Montgomery, W. Va. Do do Feb. 20,1940 18, 300 4.0 13. 2 100 5 g Kanawha River, United States lock K 82.8 Dec. 5; 1939 1,660 6.5 11.8 95.8 .8 150 7! 3 9 63 113 at London, W. Va. Do do Dec. 7,1939 2,140 6.0 11.7 93. 8 1 0 23 Do Dec. 14,1939 2,220 5.5 12-1 95.5 2.9 14i 7.3 20 60I Table K-7.—Kanawha River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 517 Do . Jan. 4,1940 Jan. 10,1940 Jan. 18,1940 Mar. 12,1940 1,340 1,840 0 13.7 93.6 ' .8 46 7.2 5 52 Do 2.0 14.1 102.0 .8 9 7.2 5 54 Do 4,850 6,650 2.0 14.0 101.1 1.1 21 7.2 8 39 Kanawha River, water intake, Cedar Grove, W. Va. K 77.5 . 4.0 13.2 100.7 .6 23 7.1 12 29 Cabin Creek, at mouth, Chelyan, W. Va. K 74.4 Mar. 12,1940 36 4.0 12.2 93.1 1.2 240 7.1 4 24 Kanawha River, water intake, Chelyan, W. Va. K 73.7 Feb. 14,1940 16,900 1.0 13.2 92.8 2.0 15 7.1 120 33 Do Feb. 20,1940 18,500 1,760 4.5 12.7 98.1 1.5 46 6.9 19 25 K 67.7. Dec. 5; 1939 9.0 9.6 82.7 3.5 43 7.5 13 78 100 Belle, W. Va. Do Dec. 7,1939 Dec. 14,1939 Jan. 4,1940 Jan. 10,1940 Jan. 18,1940 Jan. 31,1940 Feb. 24,1941 2,090 2,180 1,180 1,650 4,930 2,290 5,740 8.5 10.2 87.2 3.2 150 7.4 12 69 Do 7.5 10.7 89.1 5.6 23 8.2 11 80 Do _ - 2.5 12.6 91.9 3.4 8 7.2 8 51 Do 2.0 12.1 87.1 3.3 4 7.3 14 57 Do 2.0 12.9 93.1 2.0 24 7.4 6 48 Do 2.0 13.0 93.9 1. 5 24 7.3 18 50 Kanawha River, Kanawha city bridge, Charleston, W. Va. K 0 12.6 86.4 4.0 15 7.6 Do Feb. 28,1941 Feb. 24,1941 6,300 5,740 1.5 2.3 43 7.6 Kanawha River, C. & 0. bridge, Charleston, W. Va. .5 13.0 90.2 2.6 4 7.6 Do Feb. 28,1941 Dec. 8,1939 6, 300 2,250 2.0 12.2 88.1 4.1 23 7.4 Kanawha River, Patrick St. bridge, Charleston, W. Va. K 56.3 7.0 8.6 70.3 3.2 1,100 7.4 17 73 53 Do Dec. 14,1939 Jan. 4,1940 Jan. 10,1940 Jan. 18,1940 Jan. 31,1940 Feb. 2,1940 Feb. 24,1941 Feb. 28,1941 Mar. 12,1941 2,970 1,370 1,800 6,060 2, 520 2,230 5,740 6,300 7,850 4.5 10.1 77.9 3.2 240 7.2 16 Do .5 11.8 81.8 3.1 313 7.1 17 45 Do 1.5 11.6 82.8 5.4 1,100 7.0 22 52 Do .5 13.1 90.6 1.2 70 7.3 16 48 Do 1.5 12.3 87.5 2.2 930 7.4 22 53 Do 2.0 11.6 83.9 5.1 73 7.1 28 53 Do 0 12.9 88.1 2.4 240 7.4 Do 0 13.2 90.3 .8 210 7.0 Kanawha River, below capitol build- ing, Charleston, W. Va. K 4.0 12.4 94.7 4.3 91 7.2 15 33 22 37 Kanawha River, above Bratfore St., Charleston, W. Va. 7,850 4.0 11.9 90.0 16.9 11,000 7.2 7.4 70 53 Kanawha River, foot of Capitol St., Charleston, W. Va. 7,850 6.0 10.6 84.8 43.7 24,000 7.3 45 44 Kanawha River, below Truslow St., Charleston, W. Va. 7,850 4.0 11.7 88.8 44.7 24,000 6.6 64 25 22 Elk River, waterworks intake, Web- ster Springs, W. Va. KE1 198 Jan. 15,1940 524 0 13.4 91.5 2.3 110 94.8 1.0 9 6.7 59 23 Elk River, lA mile above waterworks, Webster Springs, W. Va. KE1 198.5... - Feb. 9,1940 654 2.0 13.1 7 97.9 23 6.4 42 10 14 Elk River, railroad bridge, 100 yards below forks, Webster Springs, KE1 196.5... do_ 654 2.6 13.4 .6 W. Va. 53 17 11 Elk River, Yi mile below Webster Springs, W. Va. KE1 197 Jan. 15,1940 524 0 13.3 91.2 1.0 43 6.1 J Less than 1. 518 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge cubic feet per second , Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Elk River, waterworks intake, Sut- KE1 159 Jan. 15, 1940 1,150 .5 13.5 93.5 .4 2 6.3 57 5 11 ton, W. Va. • Do ... do Feb. 9,1940 1. 300 2.0 13 4 96 8 4 4 Elk River, A mile below Sutton, KEl 157.5 Jan. 15,1940 1,150 .5 13.6 94.3 1.6 43 6.3 56 9 12 W. Va. Do Feb. 9 1940 1,300 2 5 13 3 97 7 Elk River, mile below Gassaway, KE1 152 Jan. 15,1940 1,150 3.0 13.4 99.6 .4 75 6.3 68 8 13 W. Va. Do do_ _ Feb. 9 1940 1,300 5 0 13.1 102 0 4 43 ft 4 Elk River, above Clendenin, W.Va.. KEl Dec. 4,1939 86 6.0 11.4 91.6 2.5 24 6.9 54 13 24 Do do_ 6,1939 138 5. 5 11.6 91.6 . 7 9 6 9 g Elk River, below Clendenin, W.Va.. KEl Dec. 1939 86 5.0 10.6 83.0 3.3 1,100 6.9 20 27 72 Do do 6,1939 138 6.0 10.9 87.6 1. 7 \ 21 6.9 11 26 Elk River, 1 mile below refining com- KEl Dec. 4,1939 100 6.0 10.7 85.5 2.1 110 6.9 8 25 70 pany, Falling Rock, W. Va. Do do Dec. 6,1939 161 6.0 10.8 86.9 1. 4 23 6.9 9 26 Elk River, bridge at Big Chimney, KEl 79.5 Dec. 14,1939 1,080 3.5 11.8 88.7 1.6 43 6.9 10 26 W. Va. Do.. do. 14,1940 250 0 13.9 95. 3 .8 9 6. 8 7 16 Do do. 10,1940 200 0 13.4 91.9 .7 8 6. 7 7 16 Do.. do 18,1940 1,530 0 13.5 92.6 . 5 9 6. 7 15 14 Do do Feb. 24,1941 4.0 13.4 102.4 1.4 24 7.0 Do do Feb. 28,1941 0 13.4 91.9 1. 2 4 6.9 Elk River, water intake 4 miles above KEl 75 Dec. 4,1939 116 5.0 10.9 85.3 1.7 24 7.0 81 7 33 Charleston. W. Va. Do do.. Dec. 6,1939 186 5.5 10.5 82.9 2.4 9 6. 9 10 34 Elk River, filter plant, Charleston, KEl 71 Dec. 4 1939 116 5.0 10.1 79.0 1.7 1,100 7.0 8 30 79 W. Va. Do do Dec. 5, 1939 153 6.0 10.2 81.5 1.8 460 6.9 7 32 62 Elk River, Coon Skin intake, Charles- do Mar. 12,1939 1,590 3.5 12.7 95.4 1.3 4 6.3 3 12 ton, W. Va. Elk River, Virginia St. Bridge, KEl 60 Jan. 4,1939 250 1.0 13.8 97.0 1.3 110 6.7 9 16 Charleston, W. Va. Do do Jan. 10,1939 200 0 13.5 92. 5 1.0 93 6.7 12 17 Do do. 18,1939 1,530 0 13.7 93.4 .5 23 6.8 17 16 Do do Feb. 24,1941 .5 13.9 96.7 1.5 43 6.9 Do _ ___do. Feb. 28, 1941 0 13.4 91.4 1.6 460 6.8 Elk River, Washington St. Bridge, KEl 58 Mar. 12,1941 1,590 3.0 12.6 93.8 .5 43 6.9 8 13 Charleston. W. Va. Table K-7.—Kanawha River Basin: Ohio River -pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 519 Two Mile Creek, at mouth Charles- KTw 55 Mar. 4,i941 340 6.5 11.2 90.5 2.2 430 6.9 110 21 ton, W. Va. Do. do Mar. 12,1941 8 2.0 11. 4 82.4 6.6 15 7. 1 11 46 Kanawha River, toll bridge, St. K 45.6 Dec. 6,1939 1,820 9.0 4.6 39.8 4.8 430 7.3 11 73 204 Albans, W. Va. Do do 2, 250 8.0 3.8 32. 4 2.9 210 7. 4 12 72 Do do. _ Dec. 14,1939 2,970 6.0 5.3 42. 1 3.9 132 7. 2 18 69 Do do Jan. 4,1940 1,370 3.0 10.6 79.0 5.8 93 7.0 21 39 Do do Jan. 10,1940 1, 800 1.0 10.5 73.9 7.6 60 8.7 27 61 Do do Jan. 18,1940 6! 060 1.0 12.2 85. 5 3.7 240 7.4 12 52 Do :do Jan. 29,1940 1,800 0 11.3 77.6 7.5 93 7.3 17 45 Kanawha River, toll bridge, St K 45.6... Jan. 31,1940 2,520 2.0 11.7 84.5 4.9 240 7.3 21 47 Albans, W. Va. Do Feb. 13,1940 2,770 3.5 13.2 98.9 1.3 23 7.1 120 28 68 Do Feb. 1940 12, 700 4.5 12.4 95. 5 2.4 150 7.4 18 33 Do Mar. 14,1940 8,050 4.5 11.9 91.8 2.6 93 7.3 18 31 84 Do Feb. 28,1941 1.0 12.2 85.8 5.6 75 8.1 KBi 97. May 13,1941 10 13.0 10.1 95.2 .5 23 7.3 36 Whiteville, W. Va. Do May 16,1941 8 16.0 10.0 100. 1 .5 21 7.3 37 Do May 2l' 3941 10 15.0 9.3 91.2 1.1 43 6.9 16 Big Coal River, 1 mile below White- KBi 96 May 13,1941 10 14.0 10.1 97.1 .6 23 7.3 6 34 78 ville, W. Va. Do __ do. May 16,1941 8 15.5 10.2 101.1 .5 150 7.3 9 39 87 Do do May 21,1941 10 16.0 9.3 93.6 .7 23 6.9 82 19 41 KBiLi 82.5 May 13,1941 115 16.0 9.6 96.3 .4 4 7.0 20 Madison, W. Va. Do _ ___ May 16,1941 94 17.0 9.2 95.0 .5 9 6.9 18 Do .... May 2L 1941 107 22.0 8.7 98.3 .4 4 7.0 20 Little Coal River, % mile below KBiLi 80 May 13,1941 115 15.0 9.7 95.7 .4 93 6.9 8 20 43 Danville, W. Va. Do 94 17.5 10.0 103.3 .7 240 7.0 2 17 48 Do May 2L1941 107 20.5 9.5 104.7 .7 93 7.2 3 21 45 KBi 49 Dec'. 6,1939 31 6.0 11.2 89.4 .8 4 7.3 8 65 Albans, W. Va. Do 28 4.5 11.4 88.2 1.4 4 7.3 8 65 Do do. Feb. 13,1940 656 5.0 12.0 93.4 .3 23 6.9 70 24 85 Do Feb. 28,1940 910 4.0 12.8 97.4 .5 9 6.6 78 19 Do Mar. 14,1940 420 5.0 12.4 96.5 .4 4 6.5 8 18 72 Coal River, waterworks intake, St. KBi 46 Dec. 6,1939 31 7.5 4.2 35.4 4.8 36 7.1 12 69 164 Albans, W. Va. Do.. Dec. 8,1939 28 7.0 4.7 38.5 2.4 7 7.1 11 70 Do Feb. 13,1939 656 3.0 12.6 93.1 1.1 4 7.0 135 28 88 Do Feb. 28^1939 910 4.0 12.7 96.9 .4 4 6.3 25 16 Do Mar. 14,1939 420 5.0 12.4 97.2 .4 4 6.4 4 16 76 K 43.6.— Jan. 29,1939 1,830 0 11.6 79.5 7.3 93 7.1 15 46 Nitro, W. Va. Do Jan. 31,1939 2,550 2.0 11.1 80.1 6.8 43 7.5 18 48 Do Feb. 20,1939 26.900 3.0 12.3 91.0 1.7 93 6.9 85 21 KAr 44.5.. Jan. 29,1939 (:) 2.0 .5 3.7 57.8 4,600 6.9 50 95 Nitro, W. Va. 2 Less than 1. 520 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter p2 Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Armour Creek, sewage outfall, Nitro, KAr 43.6. Feb. 20,1939 31 5.0 7.8 61.0 25.9 2,400 6.9 110 50 W. Va. Kanawha River, 5 miles below Nitro, K 38.2 Jan. 29,1939 1,830 0 12.2 83.4 5.1 15 7.2 14 46 W. Va. Kanawha River, United States lock, K 31.1. Dec. 6,1939 1,860 9.5 2.0 17.1 5.8 360 7.0 6 65 208 Winfield, W. Va. Do do Dec. 8,1939 2,280 9.0 3.4 29 2 2 5 4 Do _ do Dec. 14', 1939 3; 020 7.5 3. 8 31 4 4.1 Do do_ Jan. 4,1940 b430 2.5 9.5 69. 8 2. 5 43 7 0 Do do. Jan. lOj 1940 1,830 1. 5 7.6 54.1 4 6 9 Do.. do Jan. 18J940 6,570 2.5 7. 2 53.1 7. 6 Do.. do... Jan. 29,1940 1,840 .5 10.7 74.4 3.1 21 7 n Do do. Feb. 13; 1940 4; 490 4.0 12.8 97.5 2.1 43 7 3 Do do... Feb. 28,1940 16, 700 6.0 12.4 99.4 2 4 Do do. Mar. 14; 1940 8,600 4.5 11.9 91 5 1 9 80 Hurricane Creek, below Hurricane, KH 38 Mar. 28,1940 10.0 10.3 91.2 .8 150 6.7 25 35 W. Va. Do... do. Apr. 4,1940 12.5 9.5 88.8 .8 43 fi 9 Do do Aug. 15,1940 3,140 26.0 7.1 86.3 1. 5 15 7 2 24 Do do. Aug. 17,1940 4, 570 26.0 5.0 60.9 2.8 2 7 2 Do do Aug. 21,1940 8; 400 26.5 4.4 54.2 1. 6 2 7. 2 Do do Aug. 23,1940 6; 150 25.5 4.1 49.2 1.4 4 7 4 39 Do do... Aug. 29; 1940 3,290 25.5 5.0 59.8 1.0 1 7 4 Do do. Aug. 3i; 1940 2; 940 25.0 5.4 64.1 1. 6 2 7 4 H Do do Sept. 6,1940 2,500 24.5 5. 6 66.8 1.1 1 7 4 g Do do Sept. 12,1940 2,060 24.5 6.0 70.8 1.0 1 7 5 Do do... Sept. 14,1940 2,050 25.5 6.2 75. 2 .8 2 7 fi 7 Do do. Sept. 18,1940 1,790 24.0 5.8 67.8 .6 1 7 5 5 Do do Sept. 20,1940 1,710 23.5 6.1 70.6 .8 2 7 5 Do do Sept. 26; 1940 1,700 23.5 6.6 76.4 .6 (2) 7 5 4 Do do Sept. 28,1940 1,710 23.0 6.6 75.4 .8 (2) 7. 6 4 49 Do do Oct. 2,1940 2,550 20.5 6.7 73.8 .9 4 7.4 9 44 Do.. do Oct. 4,1940 1,900 19.5 7.0 76.1 .8 (2) 7 7 g Do do Oct. 10,1940 1,940 21.0 6.5 72.3 .7 2 7.7 6 47 Do do. Oct. 12,1940 1,590 20.0 6.7 73. 4 .7 (2) 7 5 7 Do. do Oct. 16,1940 I', 650 18.0 7.4 77.5 .6 5 7. 4 g Do.... do Oct. 18,1940 1,780 16.5 7.5 75.8 ,7 4 7. 4 6 46 Do do Oct. 24,1940 1,610 15.5 7.7 76.5 .7 4 7.3 4 50 Table K-7.—Kanawha River Basin: Ohio River -pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 521 Do. Oct. 26,1940 1,540 17.0 7. 6 78.1 .7 4 7 5 4 47 Do do Oct. 30,' 1940 1,900 13.5 8.2 78. 2 .8 4 7. 3 14 44 Do do Nov. 1,1940 2,130 13.0 7.8 73.9 .9 1 7 4 8 56 Do do Nov. 7,1940 2,100 11.0 8.5 76. 7 .8 2 7. 2 12 53 Do do 2,150 9.0 8. 5 73.6 .9 1 7 2 12 56 Do do Nov. 13, 1940 1,800 7.0 8.9 73.3 .7 2 7. 0 7 57 Do do__ Nov. 15,1940 1,600 7.5 8.8 73.1 1.3 2 7.1 6 55 Do do Nov. 2i; 1940 1,720 8.5 8.6 73.7 1.1 9 7. 4 7 60 Do do Nov. 27', 1940 l) 980 5.0 8.4 65.6. .8 1 7.1 6 61 Do do Nov. 29,1940 l' 860 5.5 8.4 66.3 .9 2 7.2 8 61 Kanawha River, B. & 0. R. R. K 0.6. Dec. 5j 1939 2; 090 5.0 7.2 56.3 .3 (?) 7.2 5 61 bridge. Do. do__ Dec. 7,1939 2, 550 6.0 6.9 53.8 .8 1 7 1 3 61 Do.... Dec. ll' 1939 2’ 450 5.5 7.1 55.9 1.0 (2) 7 0 5 Do do Dec. 13j 1939 3| 170 5. 5 6.9 54.7 1.0 1 7.1 6 67 Do... do___ Dec. 19,1939 2,650 6.0 6.8 54. 5 1.1 1 7.1 6 67 Do Dec. 21,1939 5j 110 5.0 7.0 54.4 1.6 1 7.2 6 65 Do do Dec. 27,1939 3| 130 3.0 6.5 48.5 2.6 2 7.0 8 60 Do ___l_do___ Jan. 2,1940 2,570 2.5 1.6 2 7.1 5 59 Do do 1,530 2.0 8.2 59.3 2.3 (2) 7.1 6 59 Do do__ Jan. 8,1940 2,000 2.0 9.7 70.3 2.4 1 7.1 7 55 Do do__ Jan. 10,1940 2,000 2.0 10.3 74.2 2. 7 (J) 7.0 7 50 Do Jan. 16,1940 7' 930 1.0 10.8 76.1 3.5 6. 9 200 46 Do do__ Feb. 15,1940 29, 500 2.0 13.2 85.3 2.1 9 7.1 180 25 Do do Feb. 19,1940 22', 700 2.5 13.0 95.1 2.3 43 6.8 270 22 Do__ ... Feb. 2i; 1940 41,000 2.5 12.7 92.9 2. 2 15 7.0 160 23 Do.. Feb. 27,1940 ll' 700 2.5 12.5 91.6 1.5 43 7.0 36 29 Do Feb. 29; 1940 25,300 2.5 12.3 90.1 2.2 150 7.0 65 30 Do Mar. 4,1940 39,300 5.0 12.0 94.0 1.5 36 7.1 190 32 Do do. Mar. 6j 1940 45,900 5.0 11.4 89. 2 1.6 28 7.3 80 29 Do. do. Mar. 12,1940 9,100 4. 5 12.1 93.2 1.8 93 7.0 34 26 Do Mar. 14; 1940 9,270 5.0 11.8 91.8 1.0 7 6.9 16 23 Do Mar. 18,1940 8,540 5.5 11.3 89.7 1.7 9 7.0 8 33 Do. do... Mar. 20,1940 22,000 7.0 11.0 90.1 2.1 23 6 8 100 29 Do do. Mar. 26| 1940 8,320 5. 0 11.1 86.7 1.0 43 6.8 9 24 Do. do.. Apr. 1,1940 49,100 7.0 10. 4 85.8 2.3 93 7.0 200 25 Do do... Apr. 3', 1940 32,800 7.0 10. 4 85.2 1.0 460 7.2 70 18 Do.. Apr. 9,1940 16, 200 10.0 9.3 82.3 1.3 23 6.7 18 22 Do. do Apr. Ill 1940 24, 200 11.0 9.5 86.1 1.8 23 6. 7 38 28 1 Seeded and neutralized. J Less than 1. LITTLE KANAWHA RIVER BASIN 523 CONTENTS Contents 525 Syllabus and conclusions 527 Description 528 Presentation of field data 528 Presentation of laboratory data 530 Hydrometric data 531 Page LIST OF TABLES Lk-1.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 528 Lk-2.—Surface-water supplies 529 Lk-3.—Sources of pollution T 529 Lk-4.—Industrial wastes (omitted; not significant). Lk-5.—Selected laboratory data 530 Lk-6.—Monthly mean summer flows 531 Lk-7.—Summary of laboratory data 532 Lk-2. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data.. 528 (Note.—For maps of this basin see Kanawha River Basin.) LIST OF FIGURES 525 LITTLE KANAWHA RIVER BASIN 1 Syllabus and Conclusions SYLLABUS The Little Kanawha Basin comprises 2,320 square miles of moun- tainous country in west central West Virginia. The total population is about 90,000 and there are no communities with as many as 2,500 people. The two largest communities have sewage-treatment plants. There are no pollution problems that cannot be solved by available methods of waste treatment. CONCLUSIONS (1) Sewage from 10,200 is discharged to the Little Kanawha River and its tributaries. About 45 percent of the sewage is treated. No industrial wastes enter the stream. (2) Three public water supplies are taken from streams below sources of pollution. (3) Primary treatment of sewage now discharged without treat- ment should be sufficient to maintain good oxygen conditions in the streams. (4) A summary of cost estimates of remedial measures from table Lk-1 follows: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Existing. . ... $190,000 210,000 $15,000 20,000 Suggested additional Estimated additional costs, over existing charges, of programs involv- ing uniform treatment throughout the basin are: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Primary, all places $210,000 290,000 $20,000 25,000 1 For maps of this basin, see Kanawha River Basin. 527 90035—44—pt. 2 25 528 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Lk-1.—Little Kanawha River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and sug- gested minimum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes with com- parative costs for primary and secondary treatment. Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Pri- mary Second- ary Amortiza- tion and interest Operation and main- tenance Total Existing sewage treatment Suggested minimum treatment: Sewage treatment plants Required interceptors. __ i 1 4,800 $190,000 $12,000 $3,000 $15,000 6 0 5,300 90,000 120,000 10,000 5,000 5,000 15,000 5,000 Independent industrial waste correction Total 210,000 210,000 290,000 210,000 15,000 15,000 18,000 15,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 5,000 20,000 20,000 25,000 20,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment all waste Secondary treatment all waste.. Description The Little Kanawha River drains 2,320 square miles of mountainous country in the west central part of West Virginia and joins the Ohio River at Parkersburg, W. Va. Most of the area is covered with second-growth timber. A little coal is mined in the eastern part of the basin, and some oil and gas is produced but production is declining. Farming is the principal occupation. The area is sparsely populated and the population has not changed greatly during the past 40 years. Year Popula- tion Year • Popula- tion 1910 90,441 86, 797 1930 86,133 92,355 1920 1940 All of the population is classed as rural, the largest community, Spencer, having a population of 2,497 in 1940. There are 7 other communities with more than 500 people. The principal tributary is Hughes River, which joins the Little Kanawha at mile 19 and drains 530 square miles. Water uses.—Five locks and dams maintain a navigable channel for boats of 4-foot draft as far as Creston, 48 miles above the mouth. The facilities are not used extensively. The Little Kanawha from Creston to Falls Mills and both forks of Hughes River are considered good bass fishing streams and are extensively used for sport fishing. The State of West Virginia maintains a bass hatchery at Palestine. Presentation of Field Data Figure K-l shows the location and magnitude of each source of pollution of consequence in the basin. Figure Lk-2 shows similar data and, in addition, the location of water-supply intakes from streams below sources of pollution and laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. FIG. Lk - 2 SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALE NT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS MILES TO MOUTH OF LITTLE KANAWHA RIVER Coliforms ( M.P.N.) per ml. legend FIGURE- Lk 2 LITTLE KANAWHA RIVER SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND SELECTED LABORATORY DATA OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 -Indicates pollution removed by treatment. Wottr Supply Intaka (Face p.528) 6PO-43 0 - 90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 529 Public water supplies.—Of the 8 public water supplies in the basin, 5 are from surface sources. These serve 6,600 people, about two- thirds of the total population served by water supplies. Three of the surface supplies are from streams subject to pollution. Table Lk-2 shows data on the surface supplies. Table Lk-2.—Little Kanawha River Basin: Surface water supplies Supply State Source Mile1 Treat- ment 1 Popula- tion served Consump- tion, million gallons per day Supplies below community sewer outfalls Grantsville West Vir- 78 FD 1,000 1,400 0.04 Glenville ginia. 103 FD .05 Cairo.. North Fork, Hughes River 39.5 CD '500 .04 Other surface supplies Burnsville 122.5 D 400 0.02 Spencer ginia. 59 FD 3, 500 .13 Total: Below sewer outfalls ... . .. 2,900 3, 700 0.13 .15 6,600 .28 1 Miles above mouth of Little Kanawha River. 1 F=Coagulated, settled, filtered; D=Chlorinated; C = Coagulated, settled. Sewerage.—Table Lk-3 shows the sewered population at each source of pollution. Of the 10,200 people connected to sewers, 4,800 are served by the two sewage-treatment plants. Industrial wastes.—There are no sources of industrial wastes in the basin except at Parkersburg, at the mouth. The problem of these wastes is considered with other Ohio River problems. Table Lk-3.—Little Kanawha River Basin: Sources of pollution, including indus- trial wastes, expressed as sewered population equivalents (biochemical oxygen demand) Munici- pality State Receiving stream Mile1 Population connected to sewers Treatment Sewered popu- lation equiva- lent (bio- chemical oxygen demand) Un- treated Dis- charged Elizabeth... Grantsville. Glenville Burnsville.. Cairo Harrisville West Vir- ginia. do do do do Little Kanawha River do 27 78 103 122 39 48 65 44 68 600 1,300 1,300 300 500 1,300 1.400 100 3.400 None 600 1,300 1,300 300 500 1,300 1.400 100 3.400 600 1,300 1,300 300 500 1,300 900 100 500 do do do do _ ___do North Fork Hughes River. .. -.do.. . £ennsboro Bunnell Run Primary... None. .. . Reedy Spencer Secondary:*. Total. 10,200 10,200 6,800 1 Miles above mouth of Little Kanawha River. 2 Treatment plant under construction at time of laboratory survey. 530 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Presentation of Laboratory Data Laboratory results for the Little Kanawha River Basin are sum- marized in table Lk-7 (p. 532). Selected data are shown in table Lk-5. All observations were made by the laboratory boat Kiski dur- ing the 5-month period from May to September 1940. Ten points were sampled from one to four times monthly. Maps showing the most unfavorable monthly averages of the coliform, dissolved oxygen and oxygen demand results are shown on figures K-3, K-4, and K-5 (p. 500.) Table Lk-5.—Little Kanawha River Basin: Selected laboratory data, main stream and tributaries Little Kanawha At mouth 0.1 August Little Kanawha Above Parkers- burg 3.5 August Little Kanawha Above Eliza- beth 27 Septem- ber Little Kanawha Below Eliza- beth 25 Septem- ber Bunnell Run Below Penns- boro 63 July River miles above mouth of Little Kanawha Number of samples - Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days. Water temperature °C - Coliforms per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per million Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million. 11 671 25.7 2,720 2.2 2.7 4 1,449 26.8 117 6.0 2.0 3 45 22.0 12 7.2 1.6 3 45 22.5 28 7.0 3.4 3 1 21.5 7,130 3.7 15.8 North Fork Hughes Above Harris- ville 49 August North Fork Hughes Below Harris- ville 47 August North Fork Hughes Water intake Cairo 40.5 August Spring Creek Above Spencer 58.5 August Spring Creek Below Spencer 56.5 August River miles above mouth of Little Kanawha Number of samples Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days Water temperature °C_. _ Coliforms per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per million . Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million. 4 24 23.1 154 6.2 1.3 4 24 23.0 70 5.9 1.3 4 39 23.6 218 6.0 1.3 4 23 22.8 116 4.0 1.8 4 23 22.8 3,350 1.7 5,4 The results for May to July are representative of moderately high discharges and those of August and September are representative of moderately low discharge conditions in the basin. High coliform counts were observed at all stations for at least 1 month. The highest counts were observed below Spencer and Pennsboro and at the mouth. The latter station showed the influence of Parkersburg’s sewage. The dissolved oxygen results were generally better than 6.0 parts per million except below Spencer and Pennsboro and at Parkersburg where low monthly averages of about 2.0 parts per million were observed at times. Oxygen-demand observations were generally less than 2.0 parts per million and rarely exceeded 3.0 parts per million except below Pennsboro and Spencer where highs of about 16 parts per million and 5.0 parts per million respectively were observed. Except for more or less uniformly high coliform counts, the Little Kanawha Basin does not appear to have any extensive pollution problem. Biological summary.—The plankton population of the Little Kana- wha is quite variable with a tendency to low values. Pollution near the mouth depletes the dissolved oxygen and as a result no fish life exists in this section. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 531 Hydrometric Data Six stream-gaging stations are currently in operation in the Little Kanawha Basin. Table Lk-6 shows monthly mean summer flows for 3 of the driest years of record at four of these stations. Table Lk-6.—Little Kanawha River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which lowest summer flows have occurred River Location River miles above mouth of Little Kanawha .Drainage area . - square miles.. Period of record Little Kanawha, Glenville, W. Va. 103 386 1929-40 Little Kanawha, Grantsville, W. Va. 80 913 1929-40 Little Kanawha, Palestine, W. Va. 31 1,513 11912-40 Hughes Cisko, W. Va. 28 453 f 1915-31 \ 1939-40 Year 1930 1930 1925 1930 June cubic feet per second.. 23.9 34.1 1.170 5.72 July 5.92 7.22 2,520 1.01 August 1.75 5.18 318 .12 September.. 0.01 0.21 0 .01 Year.. 1932 1932 1930 1939 June cubic feet per second.. 43.4 130 8 235 July.. 337 1,150 7 377 August 27.8 52.4 7 88.3 September do 5.5 12.9 7 6.99 Year 1939 1939 1937 1925 June cubic feet per second.. 55.5 152 7 84 July 197 434 7 205 August 83.9 188 117 26 September 11.6 16.9 11 14 1 Accuracy of record fair to poor 1912-37; fair 1938-40. Proposed stream control.—The United States Engineer Department has determined three reservoir sites to be most nearly satisfactory for flood control storage development; Burnsville on the Little Kana- wha River at mile 122.6/ Steer Creek on Steer Creek at mile 85.3,1 and West Fork on West Fork at mile 50.1.1 Under the proposed plans of operation, the minimum seasonal flows which could be maintained are 10 cubic feet per second, 7 cubic feet per second, and 10 cubic feet per second, respectively. Although increased stream discharge will be beneficial, it is not sufficient to cause any reduction in the sewage treatment required. Hence, the low-flow control which could be provided by the projected reservoirs would have slight tangible value. The Little Kanawha River is only moderately polluted. The largest community, Spencer, has recently installed a secondary sewage treatment plant, and the second largest one, Pennsboro, has a primary treatment plant which needs some improvements. Primary treatment should be sufficient to maintain good stream conditions at the remain- lng sources of pollution, except during such an extremely dry year as 1930. Provision against such a remote contingency does not seem justified. Low-flow augmentation by the proposed flood control reser- voirs would have no appreciable tangible value. . The estimated cost of the suggested pollution abatement program is summarized on table Lk-1, together with the estimated cost of existing works and of a program for secondary treatment of all wastes. 1 River miles above mouth of Little Kanawha River. 532 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts' per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Spring Creek, above Spencer, W. Va., LkS 58.5 June 3,1940 15 21.0 6.9 76.5 1.0 43 6.9 27 48 bridge on route No. 36. Do do .Tune 12,1940 93 23.0 7.1 81.5 3.9 1,100 6 8 750 37 Do 27 21.0 6.3 70.1 .5 91 7.0 43 52 Do do.__ June 28,1940 144 20.0 8.6 93.3 .7 43 7.0 45 30 Do do July 9’ 1940 3 21.5 5.2 58.5 1.5 43 6.8 19 60 Do do. Julj 17,1940 6 21.5 4.6 52.1 1.4 43 7.1 25 61 Do do Julj 25,1940 416 24.0 5.3 61.8 3.2 930 6.9 1,050 40 Do do Aug. 2,1940 16 23.0 4.2 48.5 1.2 0 7.1 51 57 Do.... do Aug. 12,.1940 3 24.0 3.2 37.3 1.4 9 7.1 35 71 Do do Aug. 20,1940 1 21.0 1.9 21.4 2.4 24 7.0 23 80 Do do Aug. 28j 1940 70 23.0 6.7 77.2 2.3 430 7.1 410 33 Do do Sept. 5,1940 4 21.0 5.4 60.5 .7 91 7. 2 47 57 Do Sept. 13,1940 1 14.0 6.2 60.1 .6 23 6. 7 14 64 Do do ___ Sept. 17, 1940 1 16.5 6.2 53.0 1.0 4 6.4 12 64 Spring Creek, miles below Spen- LkS 56.5.. June 3’ 1940 15 20.5 .2 2.3 3.5 1,100 6.9 36 56 cer, W. Va. Do do June 12,1940 93 22.5 3.9 44.9 4.1 1,100 6.8 1,600 34 Do do. June 20,1940 27 23.0 .7 8.1 3.3 2,400 7.0 29 65 Do June 28,1940 144 19.5 7.4 80.2 1.1 ’ 430 7.0 69 32 Do do July 9,1940 3 22.0 2.9 32.7 2.9 36 7.0 13 80 Do July 17i 1940 6 22.5 2.0 23.1 3.8 150 7.1 12 84 Do do. July 25; 1940 416 24.0 3.6 42.1 3.9 1,500 6.8 1,100 44 Do.... do Aug. 2,1940 16 24.5 .1 1.7 6.8 11; 000 7.0 105 90 Do do_ Aug. 12; 1940 3 24.0 .7 8.2 6.4 0 7.2 28 114 Do do Aug. 20,1040 1 21.5 .7 7.7 4.8 0 7.1 14 157 Do do Aug. 28| 1940 70 22.5 5.4 62.2 3.6 2,400 7.0 710 37 Do do Sept. 5,1940 4 20.0 .7 7.5 3.1 230 6.9 13 78 Do do Sept. 13,1940 1 15.0 1.6 16.0 2.7 9 6.7 15 102 Do... Sept. 17,1940 1 16.5 4.2 42.7 4.4 9 6.5 13 115 Little Kanawha River, 1 mile above Lk 27 June 3,1940 3,020 19.0 9.3 99.4 1.3 23 7.0 66 20 Elizabeth, W. Va. Do do June 12,1940 1,620 26.0 7.6 92.2 1.3 93 6.9 115 30 Do do June 20,1940 10; 100 21.0 8.5 94.7 1.9 93 7.0 820 23 Do June 28,1940 2,790 22.0 8.5 95.9 1.4 15 7.1 125 30 Do do July 9; 1940 104 26.5 8.4 103.0 1.0 4 7.1 15 32 Do July 17,1940 262 25.0 7.8 93.4 1.4 4 7.3 g 32 Do do July 25; 1940 8,250 26.5 7.9 97.2 2.2 110 6.9 555 30 Do.. Aug. 2,1940 1,280 26.0 7.0 85.8 1.8 240 7.0 500 28 Do do Aug. 12; 1940 71 29.0 7.6 97.3 2.4 4 7.1 41 33 Table Lk-7—Little Kanawha River Basin: Ohio River Pollution Survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 533 Do 16 25. 5 6.3 75 9 1 4 9 Do do Aug. 28,1940 1,120 25.0 7.1 84. 7 1.6 43 7 1 Do - do Sept. 5,1940 75 25.0 7.1 84. 4 1 9 24 Do Sept. 13) 1940 35 19.0 7.0 74. 7 1 6 $ Do. do Sept. 17) 1940 25 22.0 7.4 84.3 1. 4 4 Little Kanawha River, below dam Lk 25 June 3) 1940 3,020 18.0 9.5 99.4 1.2 240 7.0 95 20 No. 3, Elizabeth, W. Va. Do. do June 12,1940 1,620 26.0 7.5 91.3 1. 5 43 7 1 26 Do do 10)100 21.0 8.1 90. 2 1.4 93 6 9 Do. do_ 2,790 22.0 8.1 91. 4 . 8 43 7 2 Do do ' 104 26.0 9.6 115. 9 1. 6 43 7 1 Do do July 17) 1940 262 24.0 7.9 92. 6 1 4 9 Do do__ July 25)1940 8,250 26.0 7.6 92. 6 1. 7 240 6 9 Do do l) 280 27.0 6.9 85.9 1 2 20 7 1 Do do Aug. 12,1940 71 28.0 7.6 95. 5 2.0 15 7 4 Do.... do_ Aug. 20) 1940 16 26.0 6.3 77.1 1. 4 4 7 2 18 Do.. do Aug. 28,1940 1,120 25. 5 6. 6 79. 5 1. 6 43 7 0 Do Sept. 5) 1940 75 25.0 7.7 92.0 7.0 23 7 2 74 Do.... do Sept. 13)1940 35 21.0 6.4 70.8 1. 2 14 6 8 34 36 Do.. do Sept. 17) 1940 25 21. 5 7.0 79.0 2.0 46 6 Q Bunnell Run, below city limits, LkHNfB 83 May 31,1940 25 17.0 9.1 93.8 1.6 110 6.5 33 31 Pennsboro, W. Va. Do do June 10,1940 2 26.0 9.4 114.7 1. 5 46 7 6 19 76 Do... do 13 19.0 8. 8 93. 6 .6 93 7 0 17 40 Do do 1 18. 5 9.0 95.3 . 8 240 7 4 14 77 Do.... do July 8,1940 (0 20.0 4.9 53.0 1. 4 1,100 6 9 g 89 Do do July 16,1940 (1) 20.0 0 0 39.0 11,000 7 0 55 263 Do do July 24,1940 2 24.5 6.3 74.3 6.9 9, 300 7.1 175 86 Do do_._ Aug. 1,1940 2 20.5 5. 8 63. 5 5.3 4, 300 7 1 180 101 Do do Aug. 9) 1940 (') 22.0 5.4 61.0 5. 5 4,300 7.1 17 115 Do Aug. 19, 1940 (!) 21.0 6.4 71. 5 6.1 2, 300 7 1 475 Do Aug. 27) 1940 1 21.0 7.3 80. 8 7. 3 46 000 7 0 Do I.do Sep“t. 4,1940 1 18.0 9. 5 99. 5 .8 o 6 9 10 81 Do do. Sept. 12) 1940 (1) 15.0 4.0 39.4 21. 9 11,000 6 7 14 136 North Fork, Hughes River, bridge LkHNf 49 May 31,1940 677 17.0 9.3 95.3 1.5 46 6. 7 115 21 above Harrisville, W. Va. Do do_ June 10,1940 50 23.5 6.8 79.2 1. 8 110 7.4 410 Do do June 19,1940 362 21.0 7.9 87. 5 .9 43 7.1 86 39 Do do June 27,1940 28 19.0 7.2 77.2 . 5 9 7. 5 30 43 Do do. July 8) 1940 8 21.5 7.4 83.6 .4 9 7. 2 15 53 Do do July 16,1940 6 22.0 6. 7 75.8 1. 5 g 7 2 8 55 Do do July 24,1940 40 25.0 5.6 66.3 1.6 9 7 1 250 52 Do do Aug. l) 1940 65 23.0 6.0 68.7 .7 23 7.1 19 48 Do do. Aug. 9,1940 10 24.5 6.1 72.6 1.2 23 7 5 19 46 Do do Aug. 19,1940 2 22. 5 6.1 69.3 1.0 110 7. 2 28 50 Do do. Aug. 27,1940 18 22.5 6.6 75.7 2.4 460 7. 2 480 31 Do do.... Sept. 4,1940 24 20.0 7.4 80.6 .4 23 7. 2 24 45 Do do Sept. 12,1940 3 15.0 8.5 83.4 .8 4 6.9 14 49 1 Less than 1. 534 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion North Fork, Hughes River, % mile LkHNf 47 May 31,1940 677 15.5 9.2 91.7 1.1 46 6.7 160 21 below Harrisville. Do do 50 23.5 5.5 64.3 2. 7 110 7.4 1,020 Do - do 362 21.0 7.7 85.2 .9 240 7.1 ’ 115 28 Do June 27’ 1940 28 20.0 7.4 80.6 .6 15 7.4 39 43 Do do July 1940 8 21.5 6. 8 76.3 .4 24 7.2 19 54 Do do July 16,1940 5 22.0 6.1 68.7 1.1 15 7.3 15 51 Do July 24,1940 40 25.0 6.2 73.7 1.1 21 7.3 25 56 Do - _-_._do-_ Aug. L1940 65 23.0 5.4 62.5 .8 9 7.1 42 53 Do Aug. 9,1940 10 24.0 6.4 74.8 1.2 8 7.5 19 50 Do Aug. 1940 2 22.5 5.0 57.7 1.0 24 7.2 15 49 Do do Aug. 27^1940 18 22.5 6.9 78.5 2.2 240 7.2 220 34 Do do Sept. 4,1940 24 20.0 7.2 78.0 .6 23 7.1 31 44 Do do Sept. 12,1940 3 15.0 7.6 75.0 .6 2 6.9 15 47 North Fork Hughes River, raw LkHNf 40.5 May 31,1940 1,100 14.5 9.1 88.3 2. 5 110 6.7 230 22 water intake, Cairo, W. Va. Do do June 10,1940 82 22.5 6.9 79.3 3.0 460 7.3 830 30 Do do June 19,1940 588 22.0 7.8 88.9 .6 73 7.1 87 28 Do .... do June 27,1940 46 20.5 7.2 78.7 .5 43 7.4 50 40 Do do July 8| 1940 13 22.0 7.4 83.8 .7 93 7.2 19 50 Do do July 16,1940 8 22.0 7.3 83.0 1.2 23 7.3 13 51 Do July 24,1940 65 25.0 5.6 66.5 1.0 23 7.3 12 65 Do do Aug. 1,1940 106 23.5 4.5 52.3 1.1 110 7.0 47 47 Do .. 16 24.5 6.5 76.8 1.3 93 7.5 74 44 Do do Aug. 19,1940 4 23.0 6.3 73.0 1.1 240 7.8 14 50 Do do Aug. 27,1940 28 23.5 6.7 77.7 1.7 430 7.2 169 41 Do do Sept. 4,1940 38 21.5 7.0 79.1 .5 36 7.1 50 42 Do . . __ __do Sept. 12,1940 4 16.0 8.1 81.5 .7 46 6.9 15 47 Little Kanawha River, dam No. 1, Lk 3.5 June 3,1940 7,740 18.0 9.4 98.5 1.6 43 6.7 78 19 above Parkersburg, W. Va. Do . do June 12,1940 2,370 25.0 7.2 85.7 2.7 460 7.2 55 32 Do do June 20,1940 12i 300 21.5 7.9 88.7 1.4 210 6.9 590 25 Do do June 28,1940 1,850 23.0 7.8 89.8 .8 9 7.2 88 31 Do 232 27.0 8.7 108.0 2.1 2 7.1 18 32 Do do July 17,1940 450 25.0 9.6 114.5 2.1 2 7.4 8 32 Do do July 1940 9,600 27.5 7.5 93.6 1.1 75 7.0 115 34 Do do Aug. 2,1940 3,020 28.0 7.4 94.1 1.2 4 7.1 98 30 Do Aug. 12,1940 ' 167 29.5 6.9 89.2 2.7 2 7.4 119 30 Do Aug. 20,1940 19 24.5 4.4 52.7 1.5 2 7.2 119 33 Table Lk-7—Little Kanawha River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 535 Do Aug. 28,1940 2,590 25.0 5.4 64.2 2.8 460 6.8 395 38 Do do Sept. 5,1940 '207 25.0 7.5 89.5 2.0 43 7. 2 58 39 Do do Sept. 13,1940 57 21.0 6.0 67.1 1.4 4 6. 8 39 39 Do do Sept. 17,1940 41 20.5 5.7 63.1 1.5 4 6 9 52 40 Little Kanawha River, Baltimore Lk 0.1 May 2,1940 1,080 12.5 9.1 85.3 3.7 230 6.6 34 19 & Ohio Railroad bridge. Do do May 8,1940 705 15.0 8.8 86.3 3.5 460 6. 7 18 23 Do do - May 10,1940 600 15.0 7.9 77.4 3.7 240 6. 7 18 20 Do do May 14,1940 352 16.5 6.6 66.9 2.5 460 6.8 11 27 Do do May 16,1940 225 16.5 7.9 80.2 2.7 230 7.1 75 27 Do do May 20,1940 292 17.5 7.3 75.5 2.5 430 6. 9 14 20 Do do May 2i 1940 897 18.5 6.9 73.2 3.8 11,000 6. 5 7 25 Do do May 24,1940 1,080 19.0 7.0 74.5 2.9 ' 910 6. 5 30 29 Do.... do May 28,1940 3,140 19.5 8.4 90.2 1.1 0 6.9 17 28 Do do June 3,1940 4,170 16.5 9.2 93.5 1.6 1,100 6. 8 170 19 Do.. do June 5,1940 2,270 18.5 8.0 84.7 1.8 i, 100 6.9 65 20 Do do June 7,1940 1,080 21.0 6.9 77.0 2.1 2'400 6.8 53 23 Do... do ___ June 11,1940 2,180 22.5 6.5 74.3 1.9 '430 7. 5 470 30 Do do. ___ June 13,1940 7,750 23.5 7.3 85.1 1.8 430 7. 0 480 25 Do do June 17,1940 3, 480 24. 5 7.2 84.6 1.4 23 7. 2 350 27 Do do June 19.1940 17,700 22.0 7.9 89.1 2.1 240 7.3 400 27 Do do June 21,1940 4, 050 20.5 8.3 91.2 1.2 150 7. 2 530 22 Do do June 25.1940 2,760 21.5 7.3 82.2 1.9 4. 600 7 0 160 26 Do.. do June 27,1940 3' 020 22.0 7.4 84.4 1.3 2,300 7. 0 208 28 Do do._ July 1,1940 2,060 21.5 7.4 82.8 2.1 4,300 6.7 165 27 Do do July 1940 1, 220 21.5 7.1 79.6 1.2 230 7. 0 85 34 Do... do July 11,1940 '357 24.5 6.6 77.5 1.6 430 6.9 19 33 Do do July 15.1940 700 23. 5 4.6 53. 2 2.6 1,100 7.3 15 29 Do July 17,1940 448 23.5 5.0 57.6 2.1 930 7. 2 15 30 Do do July 19; 1940 675 25.5 3.3 39.4 5.1 930 6. 9 12 23 Do do July 23,1940 702 27.5 4.3 54. 2 1.9 230 7.0 15 33 Do... do July 25.1940 9,570 26.5 6.7 82.7 1. 5 230 7.1 23 38 Do do July 29,1940 1,230 28.5 6.6 84.2 1.7 1,100 6. 9 87 28 Do do July 31,1940 2,920 27.5 4.2 52.2 2.2 930 6.7 175 25 Do- do Aug. 2, 1910 1,610 26.0 6.8 82.1 1.4 2,400 7.0 108 26 Do do Aug. 6,1940 403 28.0 5.6 70.6 1.8 430 6.9 69 33 Do do Aug. 8,1940 228 26.5 1. 2 14.7 2.5 2,400 7.0 62 28 Do do Aug. 12,1940 167 27.0 2. 5 30.6 2.0 930 7.1 58 31 Do do._ Aug. 14,1940 85 27.5 1. 4 17.5 1.8 91 7.3 74 27 Do. do_. Aug. 16,1940 48 26.5 .2 2.1 2.0 240 7.0 60 25 Do do Aug. 20.1940 19 25.5 0 0 3.9 4,600 6.9 59 30 Do do Aug. 22.1940 24 25.0 0 0 2.8 910 7.2 62 25 Do do Aug. 26,1940 18 23.5 .2 2.3 4.2 9,300 7.1 54 23 Do do Aug. 28,1940 2,590 24.0 0 0 5.6 4,300 6.7 185 24 Do do Aug. 30,1940 2.190 23.0 6.4 73.4 1.9 4, 300 6.9 360 32 Do do Sept. 3,1940 560 23.5 4.6 52.9 1.9 930 7.0 150 37 Do do Sept. 5,1940 207 23.0 2. 2 25.6 1.8 430 6.7 94 37 Do do. Jan. 14,1941 1,000 1.5 13.3 94.6 2. 4 460 6. 6 25 26 Do do Jan. 16,1941 1,260 3.0 13.0 96.5 3.9 240 6.8 30 23 536 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, eubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Lk 0.1 Jan. 20,1941 1,700 1.0 13.1 91.8 1.9 93 7.1 50 23 & Ohio Railroad bridge. Do do Jan. 24,1941 5,120 2.5 13.0 95.0 2.2 240 6.9 120 27 Do do Jan. 1941 15,600 3.0 13.1 97.2 1.6 36 6.9 210 17 Do do Jan. 30,1941 4,830 2.0 9.0 64.7 1.4 43 6.9 150 16 Do do Feb. 3,1941 1, 520 2.0 13.4 96.8 1.6 3 6.7 30 16 Do do Feb. 5,1941 1,220 1.5 13.4 95.9 2. 2 24 6.7 25 17 Do do Feb. 7; 1941 1,140 2.0 13.1 94.7 2.4 43 7.0 20 19 Do - do Mar. 7,1941 i;i90 2.0 13.4 96.9 1.6 23 7.0 18 29 Do do Mar. 11,1941 15,000 2.0 13.6 98.3 3.1 43 7.0 190 24 Do do Mar. 13,1941 14,400 2.0 13.1 94.4 1.8 43 6.8 480 20 Do do Mar. 17,1941 2,130 1.5 13.0 92.6 2.2 43 7.0 85 10 Do do Mar. 19,1941 1.530 1.5 13.4 95.2 1.9 15 6.8 36 14 Do do Mar. 21,1941 1,430 2.5 13.3 97.3 2.2 24 6.9 25 16 Do do Mar. 25,1941 1,130 4.0 12.4 94.4 2.3 24 6.7 18 18 Do do Mar. 27,1941 906 5.0 12.2 95.5 3.0 240 6.7 20 19 > Less than 1. Table Lk-7—Little Kanawha River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued BIG SANDY RIVER BASIN CONTENTS Page Contents 539 Syllabus and conclusions 541 Description 542 Presentation of field data 543 Presentation of laboratory data 545 Hydrometric data 547 Discussion 548 LIST OF TABLES Bs-1.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 542 Bs-2.—Surface water supplies 544 Bs-3.—Sources of pollution 544 Bs-4.—Industrial wastes (omitted, not significant) Bs-5.—Selected laboratory data 545 Bs-6.—Monthly mean summer flows 547 Bs-7.—Summary of laboratory data 550 LIST OF FIGURES Bs-1. Map—Sources of pollution 541 Bs-2. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 544 Bs-3. Map—Coliform results 546 Bs-4. Map—Dissolved oxygen results 546 Bs-5. Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results 546 539 Fig. Bs-I w Areas of Circles Proportional to Population Equivalent of Wastes Population Equivalent! At Discharged Fia.Bs-I LEGEND Boforo Treatment Radii BIG SANDY-GUYANDOT BASINS SOURCES OF POLLUTION OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 (Face p.541) GPO - 43 0 -90035 BIG SANDY RIVER BASIN Syllabus and Conclusions SYLLABUS The Big Sandy Basin occupies 4,280 square miles in the moun- tainous section of eastern Kentucky, southern West Virginia, and western Virginia. Coal mining is the only important industry. Less than 8 percent of the 410,000 people in the area are in urban commu- nities. Many of the people in rural areas live in mining camps and are served by water supplies. Poor sanitary conditions are found at many places. Sewage causes local nuisances and affects public water supplies. Acid mine drainage damages some small tributaries and coal washeries cause local blackening of several streams. Little prog- ress has been made toward pollution control and there has been slight demand for stream improvement. Techniques are available for abatement of the pollution, but the needs of the people in other directions limit present justifiable corrections to the more acute situations affecting larger population groups. CONCLUSIONS (1) Fifteen surface water supplies are taken from streams below community sewer outfalls. Some of these supplies are seriously polluted by sewage from the community using the water. (2) Only about 55,000 people are served by sewers and only 3 communities have sewage treatment facilities. Other than acid mine drainage and coal washery wastes there is no industrial pollution of consequence. (3) Laboratory studies indicate that high coliform counts are a characteristic at most points. Dissolved oxygen is uniformly high and oxygen demand results were quite generally less than 3.0 parts per million. Acid conditions were found on two small tributaries but not on any of the larger streams. A greater pollution problem is indi- cated "on Tug Fork than on Levisa Fork. (4) Flow regulations by proposed flood-control reservoirs studied by the United States Engineer Department would have no appre- ciable effect on the pollution problem. (5) The two main streams of the Big Sandy Basin, Levisa Fork and Tug Fork, are not heavily polluted. Primary treatment of wastes discharged to these streams should be sufficient to maintain good oxygen conditions at all points except below Grundy on upper Levisa Fork and Welch, W. Va., on Tug Fork. (6) Local nuisance conditions are caused by the discharge of un- treated sewage to a number of tributary streams. Secondary treat- ment will be required to prevent such nuisances. Considering the present financial condition of most of the towns, justification for the expenditures beyond partial treatment is questionable. 541 542 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL (7) The wastes from coal washeries can be removed by available methods, and the acid mine drainage load can be further reduced by mine sealing. (8) In view of the normal uses of the streams involved, refined treatment at certain sources of pollution would serve no purpose commensurate with the expenditure. In these instances lesser treat- ment appears justified. A summary of cost estimates of remedial measures from table Bs-1 follows: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges $70,000 1,240,000 $10,000 110,000 Estimated additional costs, over existing charges, of programs involv- mg uniform treatment throughout the basin are— Treatment Capital cost Annual charges $1,190,000 1,560,000 $105,000 150,000 Table Bs-1.-—Big Sandy River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Amorti- zation- and interest Opera- tion and main- tenance Total Pri- mary Second- ary 0 3 2,600 $70,000 $6,000 $4,000 $10,000 Suggested minimum correction: 20 2 43,600 740,000 500,000 50,000 25,000 35,000 85,000 25,000 Independent industrial waste Total 1,240,000 1,190,000 1,560,000 1,240,000 75,000 70,000 100,000 75,000 35,000 35,000 50,000 35,000 110,000 * 105,000 150,000 110,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment all waste Secondary treatment all waste As suggested Description The Big Sandy River, only 27 miles long, is formed by the conflu- ence of Tug Fork and Levisa Fork and joins the Ohio River at Catletts- burg, Ivy. It drains 4,280 square miles, of which 2,280 are in eastern Kentucky, 1,015 in western Virginia, and 985 in southern West Virginia. The area is mountainous and most of it is covered with second growth timber. Farming is largely of the subsistence type. Coal mining is the most important industry, and this basin includes a large part of the southern Appalachian coal field. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 543 Distance above mouth of Big Sandy Drainage area (square miles) Major tributaries: 19.9 27.2 27.2 127.1 260 1,550 2,330 680 Tug Fork Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Urban communities: 4,707 6,819 3,232 2,110 1,839 256,110 14, 758 8,465 9,410 5.376 3.376 1,897 317,166 26,627 9,428 8,366 6,264 4,185 2,942 380, 720 31,185 Williamson, W. Va . . ... 3,561 1,526 1,280 2,047 198,310 3,561 Welch, W. Va Entire basin: Urban 201,871 270,868 343,793 411,905 Less than 8 percent of the population lives in urban communities. A large part of the rural population lives in villages and mining camps. The area drained by Tug Fork is the most densely populated part of the basin. Water uses.—The Big Sandy throughout its length, the lower 12 miles of Tug Fork and the lower 18 miles of Levisa Fork, have been made navigable for boats of 6-foot draft by the construction of five locks and dams. The facilities are little used except near the mouth of the Big Sandy. The streams are used extensively for recreation by local residents but there are no recreational developments in the area. Some con- sideration has been given to development of a public park in the scenic area along Russell Fork where it breaks through Pine Mountain at the Virginia-Kentucky border. Presentation of Field Data Figure Bs-1 shows the location and magnitude of each source of pollution of consequence in the basin. Figure Bs-2 shows similar data and, in addition, the location of water supply intakes from streams below sources of pollution and laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. Public water supplies.—Of the 120 public water supplies in the basin 18 are wholly or in part from surface sources. These 18 serve 53,800 people, or about 40 percent of the population served by water sup- plies. Fifteen of the surface supplies come from streams subject to pollution. Table Bs-2 shows data on the surface water supplies. The underground water is limited in quantity and generally of poor quality, hard and often containing objectionable quantities of hydrogen sulfide. A number of the communities use mine drainage as a source of water. 90035—44—pt. 2 26 544 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Bs.-2—Big Sandy River Basin Surface Water Supplies Supply State Source Mile 1 Treat- ment 3 Popu- lation served :Consum- tion, million gallons per day Supplies below community sewer outfalls 1.0 FD 10,100 0.50 27.5 FD 1,600 .05 65.9 FD . „ 4,000 .17 82.5 FD 2, 500 .09 Pikeville.. - do 115.7 FD 3j 800 .33 Tug Fork 27.3 FD 500 .02 62.8 FD 800 .02 78.4 FD 200 .01 85.4 FD 10,000 .55 98.4 FD . 500 .03 107.0 LD 300 .05 Welch Tug Fork, mine, wells 161.0 LD 6,500 .37 Dry Fork, wells 164.5 LD 2,000 .36 153.0 FD 1,000 .03 Elkhorn City Kentucky Russell Fork— 139.0 None '500 .03 Other surface supplies Peters Creek, mine 106.0 FD 500 0.02 Impounded, spring, wells, FD 8,500 .35 D '500 .01 Total: 44,300 2.61 9,500 .38 53,800 2.99 ' Miles above mouth of Big Sandy River. 3 F =coagulated, settled, filtered; L=lime-soda softened; D» chlorinated. Sewerage.—Table Bs-3 shows the sewered population at each of the more important sources of pollution in the basin. Of the 55,000 people connected to sewers, only 2,600 are connected to the three sewage-treatment plants in the basin. All of these plants provide secondary treatment. Table Bs-3.—Big Sandy River Basin: Sources of 'pollution, including industrial wastes, expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Municipality State Receiving stream Mile 1 Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treatment Sewered tion eqi (biochen gen de Un- treated popula- livalent lical oxy- mand) Dis- charged Louisa Levisa Fork, Big 27 1,600 None 1,600 1,600 Sandy. 82 1,900 do 1,900 1,900 do 114 2,900 do 2,900 2,900 168 1,100 do 1,100 1,100 Tug Fork 84 8,000 do 8,000 8,000 Welch Tug Fork, Elk- 160 5,900 do 5) 900 horn Creek. Paint Creek 66 2,900 do 3,300 3,300 Wheelwright do—J1 Otter Creek.. ... 116 2,000 Secondary. 2,000 ' 300 Elkhorn Creek 159 2,100 None 2,100 2,100 Dry Fork 153 1,500 do 1,500 1,500 War do ” 'do 158 1,100 do 1,100 i; 100 1 Miles above mouth of Big Sandy River. FIG. Bb-2 Conform* (M PN ) ptr ml SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.DJ IN THOUSANDS SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS LEGE N_D_ , _ PlGURE - S* 2 BIG SANDY RIVER sources of pollution selected laboratory data °R'0 RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY ___ U S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE -Raductio" b» Treatmtn Navigation Oom Watte Supply l"tal>« (Face p.544) 6PO- 43 0 - 90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 545 Table Bs-3.—Big Sandy River Basin: Sources of pollution, including industrial wastes, expressed as sewered popidation equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand)— Continued. Municipality State Receiving stream Mile Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treatment Sewered tion eqi (bioch oxygen Un- treated popula- li valent emical lemand) Dis- charged Caretta Coalwood--- Kimball West Virginia_ do do Barren she Creek.. Clear Fork Elkhorn Creek 160 149 169 175 2,700 3,000 1,000 2,900 14,400 None do do 2,700 3,000 1,000 2,900 14,400 2,700 3,000 1,000 2,900 14,400 Total: 2,600 15,900 36, 500 2,600 16,300 36,500 2,300 14,600 36,400 Kentucky West Virg Total— 55,000 55,400 53,300 2 2 towns have septic tanks and subsurface filters. Other places, no treatment. Industrial wastes.—The only plant in the basin discharging organic industrial wastes is a small meat-packing plant at Paintsville. In addition, there are 26 coal-washing plants which discharge varying amounts of fine coal particles. All but one of these are in the area drained by Tug Fork. Seventeen of the washeries recirculate wash water and recover the fines removed by washing. In almost every case black turbidity and deposits on the stream bottom were found below the plants. Presentation of Laboratory Data The laboratory data for the Big Sandy Basin are summarized in table Bs-7 (p. 550). Selected data on the main stream and on the tributaries are shown in table Bs-5. Table Bs-5.—Big Sandy River Basin: Selected laboratory data—Main stream and tributaries River Location River miles above mouth of Big Sandy. Big Sandy Near Mouth (U Tug Fork: Above William- son, W. Va. 85.7 Tug Fork Intake William- son, W. Va. 84.7 Tug Fork Below William- son, W. Va. 84 Levisa Fork Above Pikes- ville, Ky. 115 Levisa Fork Intake Pikes- ville, Ky. 114 Levisa Fork Below Pikes- ville, Ky. 113 Number of samples. Flow in cubic feet per second: 9 3 2 2 3 2 2 Sampling days 104 42 40 40 16 15 15 Water temperature °0 12.6 5.3 4.5 4.5 5.8 4.3 5.3 Coliforms per milliliter Dissolved oxygen parts per 54 81 350 142 1 242 6,700 ► million Biochemical oxygen demand, 6.1 12.1 8.0 10.3 11.2 11.4 8.6 6-day, parts per million 2.1 1.4 2.9 2.6 0.9 3.3 13.2 546 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Bs-5.—Big Sandy River Basin: Selected laboratory data—Main stream and tributaries—Continued River Location River miles above mouth of Big Sandy. Tug Fork Above Welch, W. Va. 161 Tug Fork Below Welch, W. Va. 159 Elkhorn Creek Below Jenkins, Ky. 158 Paint Creek Below Paints- ville, Ky. 66 Elkhorn Creek Below Kimball, W. Va. 168.6 Clear Creek Below Coal- wood, W. Va. 149 Dry Fork Below War, W. Va. 157 Number of samples 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 9 9 0) 2 3 (') 7 Water temperature °C 6.0 4.0 6.3 4.4 2.0 6.3 7.3 Coliforms per milliliter 71 607 2,400 3,100 3, 860 2,330 763 Dissolved oxygen parts per | million. _ - - 13.7 10.0 7.2 5.0 10.0 7.6 10.2 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 2.6 7.5 6.2 12.8 15.9 34.2 6.9 i Less than 1. This basin was covered largely by a mobile laboratory unit operating during the period of October to December, 1939. Samples in the vicinity of Louisa and at the mouth were analyzed at the laboratory boat Kiski at Ashland during an 11-montli period from June 1939 to April 1940. The stream flow during the period of operation of the mobile laboratory was low but both high and low discharges were observed during the sampling period covered by the Kiski. Figures Bs-3, Bs-4, and Bs-5 show the location of the sampling points and the coliform, dissolved oxygen, and oxygen-demand observations. The results thus expressed represent the averages of from one to three individual samples where observations were made by a mobile laboraotry unit over short periods of less than 1 month at each sampling station and represent the most unfavorable monthly average where observations extended over several months. Rather high coliform counts seem to be characteristic of the streams at most of the sampling points. Nearly half of all stations showed counts of more than 200 per milliliter and nearly 65 percent of all stations had counts of over 50 per milliliter. About half of the samples from above towns had coliform counts of over 50 per milli- liter. Tbe dissolved oxygen was uniformly high, being above 6.5 parts per million except at six stations and the oxygen-demand results were quite generally less than 3.0 parts per million. Acid stream conditions were observed in Muddy Creek, a tributary of Levisa Fork near Paintsville and along Mate Creek, a tributary of Tug Fork. pH values ranged from 3.9 to 4.8 and phenolphthalein acidities from 39 to 164 parts per million. None of the larger streams was found to be acid. Except along Elkhorn Creek above Welch there was considreable evidence of self-purification taking place below sources of pollution. Laboratory determinations show marked reductions of coliform organisms and of oxygen demand in the stretches between sources of pollution. Coliform reductions are less marked during times of high discharge. Laboratory data indicate a greater pollution problem on Tug Fork, particularly in the area above Iaeger, than on Levisa Fork. Self- purification forces appeared to bring about a reasonable clearance of Fig.Bs-3 Fig Bs-3 LEGEND Average Coliform Results at Sampling Stations Symbol Mo*' P'o"0*'* 9 number per ml. Undtr 25 26- 50 5 t -100 101-200 Over 200 BIG SANDY-GUYANDOT BASINS COLIFORM RESULTS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. 3. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE j 1941 (Face p. 540) No. 1 6PO- 43 0 -90035 Fig. Bs- 4 Fig. Bs-4 LEGEND Avtrogo Dissolved Oxygen Results at Sampling Stations Symbol Dissolved Oxygon p pm Over 6.5 5.1 to 6.5 3.1 to 5.0 0.1 to 3.0 BIG SANDY-GUYANDOT BASINS DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 (Face p. 546) No. 2 6PO- 43 0 - 90035 Fig.Bs-5 LEGEND Avorago B. 0. D. Rssults at Sampling Stations. 00 lo 3.0 3.1 to 3.0 Over 3.0 Fig.Bs-5 P O'" Symbol (Norool (•■»!••) W. V A. BIG SANDY-GUYANDOT BASINS BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND V A . OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 K Y. (Face p.540) No. 3 8PO -43 0-911035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 547 the streams below sources of pollution during the time of this survey so that the acute pollutional problems in this basin tended to be largely local in their effects. Biological summary.—Aquatic life is scarce in the Big Sandy for the entire length of the stream. The acid condition of some of the small headwater tributaries is detrimental to the aquatic life in these tributaries and portions of the main stream. Coal washeries have some local damaging effect on plankton. The average plankton volume is less than 1,000 parts per million. The small towns along the stream do not add sufficient sewage to fertilize the water and the rapid current is not suitable for the development of plankton. Fish are found at the mouth, probably having migrated from the Ohio, but the flesh is contaminated from industrial w^aste. Hydrometric Data Five stream-gaging stations are currently in operation in the Big Sandy Basin and two others have been discontinued. Table Bs-6 shows monthly mean flows during some of the driest periods. Table Bs-6.—Big Sandy River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred Levisa Fork Paints- Ky. 66 2,150 1929-40 Tug Fork Kermit, W. Va. 63 1,185 1930-40 1930 1930 June _ _ ..-cubic feet per second-. July do August do September T do 137 26.5 145 33.2 114 44.5 78.7 29.4 1932 1932 June cubic feet per second.. Julv do August do September... .. . do Year.. 748 1,076 119 30.4 685 794 177 40.1 1939 1939 June.. .cubic feet per second.. July. . do August do September ... • ; do 1,010 1,540 345 54.7 612 1,090 280 60.6 Low-flow regulation.—There are no flood-control or hydroelectric reservoirs in the basin although a number of sites on Levisa Fork and its tributaries have been studied by the United States Engineer Department. The locations of some of the possible reservoirs which might also be used for low-flow regulation are shown below: Name Stream Miles above mouth of Big Sandy Drainage area (square miles) Pishtrap 130 395 Pound 150 222 Haysi 153 155 Wayland.. 121 67 A^ewey 52 207 — 548 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL The Dewey and Fish trap projects have been found to be most feasible. Under the proposed plan of operation the minimum sea- sonal flows could be increased by 2 cubic feet per second from Dewey and about 100 cubic feet per second from Fish trap. This added flow would benefit stream reaches below the dam sites but is not sufficient to allow a reduction in the amount of treatment required. Hence, low-flow control originating at these projects would have little tan- gible value, j Discussion Because of the extensive use of Tug Fork and Levisa Fork as sources of water supply the need for sewage treatment to reduce bacterial pollution is greater than in many other parts of the Ohio Basin. A number of the water supplies, outstanding among which are Williamson and Pikeville, are subject to pollution from the town’s own sewage. The pollution-control problem is particularly difficult because of the many mining camps which are only partly sewered and for which the provision of interceptors and treatment plants would be quite expensive. The lack of other community facilities, the high indebted- ness, and the lack of permanence of many of the communities are factors to be considered. Although there is ample apparent justifi- cation for an adequate pollution-control program, the difficulty of financing remedial works necessitates careful examination of the rela- tive benefits and costs of each project. At the communities along Levisa Fork below Russell Fork primary treatment of all sewage should be sufficient to maintain excellent dissolved oxygen conditions in the stream. This applies also to Paintsville which would, presumably, intercept the wastes now dis- charged to Paint Creek and discharge them, after treatment, to Levisa Fork. At Williamson and at the smaller communities along Tug Fork below Welch primary treatment should be sufficient. At Grundy on upper Levisa Fork and at Welch on Tug Fork at the confluence of Elkhorn Creek, as well as at the numerous towns on tributaries of the two main streams, secondary treatment will be necessary if nuisance conditions are to be eliminated during the dry summer months. The receiving streams at all of these places are subject to flows approaching zero. At the two larger communities, Grundy and Welch, the problem involves a larger population and is more acute. As a logical starting point, installation of secondary treatment is suggested at these two points. As far as the balance of the pollution is concerned, it is suggested that a partial treatment be installed at all places where as many as 500 people are discharging sewage. Such treatment should do much toward reducing the effects of the sewage on downstream water intakes. Secondary treatment facilities can be added at these places as community finances permit. The practice of disposing of garbage and other refuse by dumping it along the stream banks or into the streams is common in this area. Unless this practice is changed, even the provision of sewage treat- ment will not maintain the streams in good condition. There are also many privies built over the streams or along stream banks where their contents can easily enter the streams. Much progress has been made with Work Projects Administration assistance in building sani- tary privies, but the program is not complete. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 549 The elimination of pollution by coal-washery wastes presents no particular technical problems. Methods now in use in other places permit the recovery of virtually all of the fine material now entering the streams. At the time a demand develops for control of this largely visual pollution, proper corrective measures should be taken. Acid mine drainage does not affect any of the larger streams. Completion of the program of sealing abandoned mines will help to improve conditions in those tributaries which are still acid. Flow regulation by the proposed flood-control reservoirs would have no appreciable effect on the need for the suggested pollution- abatement program. The estimated cost of the suggested pollution- abatement works for the Big Sandy Basin has already been presented in table Bs-1. 550 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Average Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Date discharge, cubic feet per second Parts per million Percent satura- tion BsT 183... Nov. 9,1939 7.0 10.3 84.4 13.8 2,400 7. 6 140 101 1,062 “Do ' - do_ ___ Nov. 14; 1939 4.5 10.5 80.9 10.2 21,000 7.8 32 118 BsT 166.5 Nov. 9,1939 9.0 11.3 97.2 5.7 240 7 6 5 139 1,080 “Do ... ... do Nov. 14j 1939 5.0 10.1 78.5 3.7 240 7.7 3 121 BsT 161 Nov. 9,1939 9.0 14.8 127.5 2.6 9 7.5 5 163 494 “Do do Nov. 14,1939 7.0 14.5 119.2 2.2 110 8.4 7 177 Do do Nov. 17; 1939 2.0 11.9 86.2 3.1 93 7.9 g 201 BsTE 176.5 Nov. 9,1939 1.5 11.8 84.0 11.0 2,400 8. 3 65 306 1,020 W. Va. do. Nov. 14,1939 1.5 11.7 83.3 13.7 7,500 8.3 105 291 Do . do Nov. 17,1939 1.0 12.4 86.9 8.8 4,300 8.2 65 302 Elkhorn Creek, below Keystone, W. BsTE 175 Nov. 9,1939 1.5 10.3 73.3 13.9 2; 400 8.4 260 291 910 Va. Do do_ Nov. 14,1939 1.5 10.9 77.5 14.3 3,600 8.3 280 287 Do do Nov. 17,1939 3.0 9.3 68.9 14.1 2,400 8.4 35 325 BsTE 168.6 Nov. 9,1939 2.0 9.8 70.4 10.0 2,400 8.6 500 301 894 Va. Do do Nov. 14,1939 1.5 10.0 71.3 11.9 4,600 8.4 430 317 Do do Nov. 17,1939 2.5 10.4 76.1 9.9 4,600 8.4 185 326 BsTE 161 Nov. 9,1939 2.5 11.4 83.6 5.1 ’ 240 8.1 93 295 818 Do ... 1 do Nov. 14,1939 3.0 11.5 85.4 6.3 430 8.4 120 307 Do do. Nov. 17,1939 2.5 11.7 85.4 6.6 390 8.3 91 225 BsT 159.. Nov. 9,1939 8.8 11.4 460 8.1 18 275 1,020 “Do 1 do Nov. Hi 1939 5.5 10.8 85.0 4.8 930 8.1 28 337 Do do Nov. 17; 1939 2.5 10.5 76.7 6.2 430 8.1 63 279 BsTCf 149 Nov. 10,1939 5.0 2.5 19.7 63.0 4,300 7. 2 38 275 395 Do 1 1... do Nov. 15; 1939 7.5 12.6 104.6 5.3 360 7.3 25 177 BsTCf 141.. do 1.0 11.4 79.8 4.8 (i) 7.5 12 140 Do ’ ... do__ Nov. 20,1939 9.5 10.3 90.1 3.2 (1) 7.5 12 133 BsT 137 Nov. 10,1939 9.5 13.0 113.1 1.8 21 8.4 3 240 235 “Do .1 “..1 do.. Nov. 15,1939 ' 1.0 12.6 88.8 2.3 2 8.3 3 284 Do do_ Nov. 20,1939 7.5 11.9 98.7 2.5 4 8.4 7 245 BsTDf 159 6.0 12.3 96.2 1.4 43 7.6 127 195 Do do_ Nov. 15,1939 6.0 12.5 99.8 1.2 4 8.2 7 165 Do . ...do Nov. 20; 1939 8.5 10.1 85.8 2.2 9 8.0 3 134 BsTDf 157 Nov. 10,1939 11.5 4.2 930 7. 6 7 138 295 Do do Nov. 15; 1939 5.0 10.7 83.8 5.4 430 7.6 2 152 Do do. Nov. 20,1939 9.5 8.4 73.6 11.1 930 7.7 3 152 Table Bs-7.—Big Sandy River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 551 Dry Fork, above Bartley, W. Va Do . BsTDf 154 Nov. 10,1939 Nov. 15,1939 Nov. 20,1939 6.5 12.8 J0.1 11.2 103.0 72.7 96.2 4.0 6.6 5.8 93 460 460 2,400 1,500 2,300 4 8.1 7.9 7.9 8.4 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 7.7 7.6 3.9 211 236 220 246 281 245 214 229 235 244 247 222 198 215 2.0 9.0 18 Do do Dry Fork below Rayseal, W. Va BsTDf 150 Nov. 10,1939 Nov. 15,1939 Nov. 20,1939 8.0 11.6 10 7 97.7 77.5 72.3 104.4 3.6 6.3 4.9 2.0 115 185 Do . 2.0 Do _ 10. 5 8 1 215 Dry Fork, above Iaeger, W. Va BsTDf 137 Nov. 10,1939 8.0 12.4 315 Do Nov. 15,1939 Nov. 10,1939 Nov. 15,1939 Nov. 20,1939 Nov. 24,1939 2.0 12. 5 90.6 114.1 88.4 1.9 1.7 2.7 3.2 2 0 1 Tug Fork, below Iaeger, W. Va BsT 135 10.0 2.0 12.9 12. 2 36 110 1,100 4 10 245 Do Do 8.0 11.4 11. 5 96.2 Tug Fork, above Matewan, W. Va.. BsT 99 6.5 93.7 170 Do Nov. 29,1939 Nov. 24,1939 3.0 12. 4 92 1 2.4 1.6 1 1 Mate Creek, above Matewan, W. Va. BsTM 99.. 7.0 12.1 99.5 830 780 Mate Creek, at mouth BsTM 98.5 6. 5 12.4 100.3 1.9 4 4.0 4.1 4.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 8 Do Nov. 29,1939 Dec. 4,1939 Nov. 24,1939 Nov. 29,1939 Dec. 4,1939 Nov. 8,1939 1.0 14.0 98. 2 2.0 2 Do 3. 5 11.6 87.3 2.0 1 Tug Fork, below Matewan, W. Va... BsT 97 6. 5 11.3 91.6 2. 4 230 7 7 173 188 192 196 190 Do. 2.5 12.4 90. 6 2.3 1 0 8 Do 3.0 11.5 8.6 85.5 73.5 9 2,400 Pond Creek, \i mile below McVeigh, BsTP 95.5- 8.5 8.3 51 Ky. Do Nov. 15,1939 Nov. 8,1939 2.0 11.8 85.1 1.6 2,400 1,100 7.8 7.8 6 9 246 226 Pond Creek below mouth of Pinson BsTP 93.5 9.0 12.1 104.0 3.5 Fork, McAndrew, Ky. Do do Nov. 15,1939 Nov. 8,1939 1. 5 12.7 11.5 90 3 1.7 1.7 43 93 7.8 8.0 247 219 230 Pond Creek, 1 mile below Stone, Kv BsTP 89.5 10.0 101.3 6 Do Nov. 15,1939 Nov. 8,1939 2.0 13.1 94.4 87.6 2.0 1.9 43 400 7.9 7.4 225 185 181 Pond Creek, 100 yards above mouth, BsTP 85.3 7.5 10.5 15 Williamson, W. Va. - Pond Creek at mouth do Nov. 29,1939 Dec. 4,1939 Nov. 29,1939 Dee. 4,1939 Dec. 6,1939 Nov. 8,1939 2.0 13.0 11. 6 93.7 88 3 2.9 460 4 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.8 25 12 204 204 178 190 182 176 160 Do 4.0 1. 5 Tug Fork, above Williamson, W. Va. BsT 85.7 3.5 12.7 95. 2 2.1 o 240 4 180 Do 4. 5 11.6 89. 5 .8 Do 8.0 11. 9 100.3 1.4 Tug Fork, upper edge of Williamson, BsT 85.0 7.0 11.6 95.0 .8 4 5 W. Va. Tug Fork, waterworks intake, Wil- BsT 84.7 240 7 190 Nov. 29,1939 4.0 3.6 27.6 3.4 8.4 188 liamson, W. Va. Do Dec. 4,1939 Nov. 29,1939 Dec. 4,1939 Nov. 8,1939 5.0 12. 4 96.6 2. 4 460 8.1 7.6 7.6 7.7 191 188 182 179 Tug Fork below Williamson, W. Va. BsT 84 4.5 11. 5 88.7 3.6 43 3 2 180 Do 4. 5 9.1 69.9 1.6 240 Tug Fork, 1 mile below sewage, Wil- BsT 83 8.0 8.9 75.3 1.6 1,100 5 liamson, W. Va. Tug Fork, above Kermit, W. Va BsT 63.... Nov. 24,1939 Nov. 29,1939 Dec. 4,1939 Nov. 24,1939 Nov. 29,1939 Dec. 4,1939 6.0 10.8 12.6 86.6 2. 5 2 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.5 5 153 158 159 154 146 152 230 Do 4.5 97.1 2.5 2 5 Do do 4. 5 11.7 10.8 90.0 87.4 1.1 2 5 Tug Fork, below Kermit, W. Va BsT 61. 6.5 2.3 36 5 220 Do. _ ...do 5.0 12.8 99.8 2.7 1.6 4 3 Do... 4.0 11.6 88.3 110 1 Less than 1. 552 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average dispharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Tug Fork, station 3.8 dam No. 1 . BsT 30.3 June 23,1939 Aug. 4,1939 Aug. 18,1939 Sept. 1,1939 Sept. 15,1939 Sept. 29,1939 Oct. 13,1939 Oct. 27,1939 Nov. 10,1939 Nov. 24,1939 Dec. 8,1939 Dec. 29,1939 Feb. 9,1940 Feb. 13,1940 Mar. 8,1940 Apr. 5,1940 July 7,1939 July 21,1939 Aug. 4,1939 Aug. 18,1939 Sept. 1,1939 Sept. 15,1939 Sept. 29,1939 Oct. 13,1939 Oct. 27,1939 Nov. 10,1939 Nov. 24,1939 Dec. 8,1939 Dec. 29,1939 Feb. 9, i940 Feb. 13,1940 Mar. 8,1940 Apr. 5,1940 Nov. 14.1939 Nov. 6,1939 Nov. 13,1939 Nov. 10,1939 27.0 27.0 26.0 24.0 24.5 23.0 14.0 20.0 6.0 7.0 4.5 1.5 2.5 6.5 4.5 14.0 25.0 22.5 25.5 26.0 25.0 25.0 23.5 19.0 18.0 7.5 7.5 4.5 2.0 2.0 6.5 4.5 13.0 7.5 5.5 6.0 8.5 6.6 7.4 7.1 7.2 7.0 7.7 9.1 7.7 11.4 11.4 12.0 13.6 13.2 11.4 12.0 9.2 6.8 7.4 7.3 6.5 8.0 7.5 8.2 8.4 8.6 9.9 10.1 12.2 13.3 13.1 11.3 12.0 9.2 11.8 10.7 10.5 10.0 81.8 91.7 86.4 84.6 82.6 88.6 87.6 84.0 91.4 93.8 92.4 97.0 97.0 92.6 92.4 88.7 81.1 84.2 87.7 79.6 96.1 89.5 95.5 89.3 89.9 82.1 84.1 93.7 96.0 94.8 92.0 92.4 86.7 98.3 84.9 84.5 85.6 2.1 .6 1.5 .8 .7 .6 1.0 .9 .5 1.0 .6 .9 .6 1.4 .5 .8 1.2 1.4 .6 1.5 1.4 .6 .7 .9 .8 1.1 1.0 .5 1.2 .9 2.0 .5 .9 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.2 75 24 75 23 4 4 4 1 (>) 900 34 ~Do.._'. do Do- do Do do 7.8 5 78 Do.. do Do do Do.... do__ . Do do Do.. do Do do Do 1 2 2 21 93 240 1,100 240 46 43 23 4 (') 4 Do do Do do Do do ___ Do Do do Tug Fork, station 0.1, Fort Gay, W. Va. Do... BsT 27.2 7.3 7.2 7.5 7.5 260 350 85 220 26 28 42 64 do. Do do Do do. Do... do Do. do 7.9 8.0 8.0 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.4 6.8 7.6 6.8 6.5 7.2 7.2 7.0 7.8 7 3 8 12 17 7 7 7 21 110 37 95 8 30 15 8 85 114 121 110 89 113 135 76 66 53 26 30 43 39 39 188 Do do Do do.. Do do Do 21 4 1 2 0) Do do. Do do Do do Do... do Do do Do. do 23 93 4 4 2 23 Do do Levisa Fork, at bridge, Nigh, Ky BsL 135. 112 Levisa Fork, above Russell Fork BsL 128.1.. Levisa Fork, at mouth of Russell Fork. McClure River, 100 yards above Fremont, Va. BsL 127.1 BsLRMc 160 141 Table Bs-7.—Big Sandy River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 553 McClure River, below Fremont, Va. / BsLRMc 159 Nov. 7,1939 6.0 11.9 95.7 1.3 150 8.0 12 207 McClure River, waterworks intake, 1 BsLRMc 153 do.. 5.5 11.2 88.5 1.1 93 7.8 10 208 Clincho, Va. Do do Nov. 10,1939 8.0 10.9 91.8 1.1 150 7.9 7 207 180 McClure River, lower edge of BsLRMc 152 Nov. 7,1939 5.5 8.6 67.8 4.0 2,400 7.7 18 190 Clincho, Va. Do.. do Nov. 10,1939 8.0 8.1 68.0 5.4 430 7. 7 5 198 203 Do _do Nov. 16,1939 4.5 9.0 69.0 5.2 430 7.7 13 178 Holly Creek, lower edge of Clint- BsLRPCH 162.... Nov. 7,1939 10.5 0 0 130 240,000 7.2 190 424 wood, Va. Do do Nov. 10,1939 10.0 0 0 150 1,100,000 7.4 155 462 172 Do do... Nov. 16,1939 9.0 1.4 12.5 168 2,400 7.4 550 “ 255 Holly Creek, 3 miles below Clint- BsLRPCH 159.... do 1.5 12.0 85.9 .7 4 7.1 8 58 wood, Va. Pound River, ?4 mile below Pound, BsLRP 171.3 Nov. 7,1939 8.0 8.7 73.0 3.5 43 6.9 65 69 Va. Do do Nov. 10,1939 6.0 7.3 58.3 2.2 240 6.8 27 62 132 Russell Fork, above Elkhorn City, BsLR 140... Nov. 6,1939 5.5 12.1 95.5 1.0 4 7.6 12 92 Ky. Do do Nov. 13,1939 5.0 11.4 89.5 1.4 1 7.6 10 99 127 Elkhorn Creek, 1 mile below Jenkins, BsLRE 158 Nov. 7,1939 10.0 7.3 64.5 6.7 2,400 7.8 13 296 Ky. Do do__ Nov. 10,1939 6.5 8.6 53.2 5.4 2,400 7.7 7 307 Do.... do Nov. 16; 1939 2.5 7.6 56.0 6.7 2; 400 7.6 10 269 Elkhorn Creek, 3 miles below Jen- BsLRE 156 Nov. 7,1939 9.5 17.6 153.8 3.7 ' 240 8.5 5 258 kins, Ky, Do do. Nov. 10,1939 5.5 9.8 77.8 3.2 93 7.8 5 264 284 Elkhorn Creek, at mouth above Elk- BsLRE 140 Nov. 6,1939 2.5 13.6 99.6 .8 23 7.9 6 138 horn City, Ky. Do do Nov. 13,1939 4.0 13.1 99.4 .8 4 7.9 5 139 204 Russell Fork, below Elkhorn City, BsLR 138 Nov. 6; 1939 6.0 11.9 95.6 2 2 43 7.7 8 103 Ky. Do do Nov. 13,1939 7.0 11.1 91.4 2.4 93 7.6 8 108 Marrowbone Creek, at mouth Mar- BsLRM 134 do 3.0 12.0 88.9 .8 7 7.2 4 67 166 rowbone, Ky. Russell Fork, above Millard, Ky BsLR 128 Nov. 6,1939 6.0 11.3 90.6 1.0 4 7.5 18 78 Do ' . ..... Nov. 13,1939 6.0 10.9 87.5 1 4 1 7.4 12 83 126 Long Fork, 200 yards above mouth, BsLSL 132 Nov. 9; 1939 2.0 12.3 89.2 .6 210 7.1 4 41 Virgie, Ky. Do do. Nov. 14,1939 1.5 12.5 88.9 .7 91 7.0 4 42 82 Shelby Creek, at mouth Shelbiana, BsLSL 121 Nov. M939 3.5 12.3 92.3 .6 4 7.4 48 15 Ky. Do do Nov. 13,1939 4.5 11.4 87.6 1.8 2 7.2 4 47 171 Levisa Fork, mile above Pike- BsL 115 Nov. 9,1939 6.0 11.3 88.0 .6 4 7.3 18 63 ville, Ky. Do do. Nov. 14,1939 8.5 11.3 96.6 1.0 0) 7.4 24 68 131 Do . .. do.. Nov. 15,1939 4.0 11.1 84.7 1.2 1 7.3 8 67 134 BsL 114 Nov. 14,1939 4.0 11.2 85.6 4.0 23 7.3 15 66 123 Pikeville, Ky. Do do Nov. 15.1939 4.5 11.5 88.6 2.6 460 7.3 18 69 1 Less than 1. 554 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Levisa Fork, lower edge of Pikeville, Ky. Do BsL 113 Nov. 9,1939 Nov. 14,1939 Nov. 15,1939 Nov. 14,1939 Nov. 15,1939 Nov. 9,1939 8.0 8.6 72.6 3.6 1,100 7.2 12 65 do. 10.5 10.8 96.1 6.3 930 7.3 20 74 140 Do do... 7.0 8.9 72.9 4.5 1,100 2,400 11,000 4 7.2 20 75 140 Levisa Fork, 100 feet below maim do 4.5 8.0 62.0 10.5 7.1 20 75 153 sewer, Pikeville, Ky. Do do. 6.0 9.3 74.2 16.0 7.1 35 89 161 Levisa Fork, under bridge below Boldman, Ky. Left Fork Beaver Creek, lower edge of Weeksbury, Ky. Do ... . . . BsL 102 19 12.0 13.4 123.8 3.4 7.9 16 67 BsLBLf 102.5 do. 2.5 13.9 102.0 .7 9 8.0 6 288 ...do . . Nov. 14,1939 Nov. 9,1939 Nov. 14,1939 Oct. 30,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Oct. 30,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Oct. 30,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Oct. 30,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Oct. 30,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Oct. 30,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Oct. 30,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Nov. 21,1939 Nov. 24,1939 Nov. 28,1939 Dec 1,1939 2.5 14.3 104.8 1.9 110 8.2 4 268 183 Left Fork Beaver Creek, lower edge Wheelwright, Ky. Do BsLBLf 116 3.0 11.8 87.3 4.5 93 7.7 14 191 do 3.5 11.3 84.7 5.7 240 7.8 25 202 467 Left Fork Beaver Creek, 100 yards above mouth. Do BsLBLf 96.5 10.5 10.6 94.5 .7 460 7.5 28 78 do 8.5 11.1 95.0 .5 9 7.4 5 94 Right Fork Beaver Creek, lower edge Wayland, Ky. Do BsLBRf 113 9.5 9.8 85.2 1.5 460 7.1 47 52 do 7.5 9.4 78.2 3.0 2,400 43 7.3 500 51 Right Fork Beaver Creek, mile above Garrett, Ky. Do BsLBRf 110.7 8.5 9.7 82.6 .8 7.2 35 37 do 7.5 10.4 86.8 .3 93 7.3 32 56 Right Fork Beaver Creek, lower BsLBRf 110 9.0 9.6 82.5 2.0 1,100 7.3 36 54 edge of Garrett, Ky. Do do 8.0 9.9 83.7 1.9 460 7.3 40 87 Beaver Creek, }4 mile above Martin, Ky. Do BsLB 96.8 12.0 8.4 77.7 2.2 43 7.4 24 77 do 10.0 8.8 77.4 .9 23 7.3 18 69 Beaver Creek, lower edge of Martin, Ky. Do BsLB 96 11.5 8.2 75.0 2.8 150 7.7 15 114 do. 9.5 8.5 74.3 2.5 1,100 7.3 22 81 Beaver Creek, at mouth Allen, Ky... Do BsLB 92,2.... 11.5 9.0 82.4 1.3 240 7.7 14 160 do 11.0 9.4 85.1 1.7 240 7.4 17 95 Levisa Fork, water plant, Prestons- burg, Ky. Do.... BsL 83 8.5 11.0 94.1 240 7.1 14 87 do. 7.0 10.8 88.7 1.6 4 7.2 17 88 Do do 5.0 12.4 97.0 2.3 4 7.4 16 86 Po 6.5 12.8 101.0 2.0 43 7.2 19 80 Table Bs-7.—Big Sandy River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 555 Levisa Fork, below all sewage, Pres- tonbury, Ky. BsL 82. Nov. 21,1939 8.5 10.5 89.2 1,100 7.0 17 ! 88 156 Do do Nov. 24,1939 Nov. 28,1939 Dec. 1,1939 7.0 10.6 87.2 1.6 150 7.1 20 86 Do do_ 3.0 12.6 93.3 2.2 23 7.3 12 84 Do. .. . .do. 6.0 9.9 79.0 7.7 93 7.0 27 91 John Creek, at mouth, Auxier, Ky... Do BsLJ 74 Nov. 2i; 1939 Nov. 24,1939 8.0 10.2 85.8 7.2 7 189 143 do_ 6.0 11.3 90.5 .8 23 7.4 14 127 Do do Nov. 28,1939 Nov. 29,1939 Nov. 21,1939 .6 13.3 92.1 .9 2 7.4 5 101 Do do 2.0 4 BsLM 68.9 8.0 9.5 79.9 15 7.4 13 121 Ky. Do do__ Nov. 24.1939 Nov. 28,1939 Nov. 22,1939 6.0 10.6 84.9 .3 24 7.7 11 218 Do do .5 12.7 87.8 1.0 4 7.7 13 202 Levisa Fork, V/i miles below Van Lear, Ky. BsL 68 7.0 10.5 86.4 2.0 4 7.3 12 87 Do do Nov. 29,1939 Nov. 28,1939 Nov. 30,1939 3.5 12.0 90.3 1.9 0) 8 7.3 11 89 Levisa Fork, above Paintsville, Ky.. Do BsL 67.5 4.0 11.3 86.3 1.3 7. 4 7 84 do 4.0 11.9 90.3 1.1 9 7.3 8 85 Do do Dec. 1.1939 6.0 12.0 96. 1 1.8 2 7.3 7 85 Levisa Fork, above water plant, Paintsville, Ky. BsL 67.2. Nov. 21,1939 8.5 10.6 90.7 2 7.2 8 89 153 Do do.._ Nov. 22,1939 Nov. 29,1939 Nov. 20,1939 7.5 10.4 86.6 2.0 2 7.3 8 86 Paint Creek, above Paintsville, Ky._ Paint Creek, upper edge of Paints- ville, Ky. BsLP 67.5. 4.0 10.7 81.5 1.2 46 7.1 17 90 BsLP 67. . 9.0 9.3 80.2 4 7.2 25 99 202 Do... do Nov. 24,1939 Nov. 27,1939 Dec. 1,1939 Nov. 20,1939 6.0 8.0 63.9 1.1 4 7.0 25 93 Do do J 5.5 10.0 78.7 .8 9 7. 2 20 83 Do .. 5.0 10.7 83.7 .8 4 7.1 22 86 Paint Creek, 100 yards above mouth, Paintsville, Ky. BsLP 66.5 9.0 2.3 20.1 4,600 7.0 37 102 254 BsLP 66 10.9 Nov. 24,1939 7.0 1.7 14.3 2,300 7.0 30 104 Ky. Do .do Nov. 27,1939 Nov. 29,1939 5.0 5.2 40.3 7.8 4,600 4,600 930 7.0 25 103 Do do 1.0 6.7 47.4 15.7 7.1 21 101 Do do___ Dec. 1,1939 Nov. 22,1939 4.5 6.6 50.7 17.0 7.0 32 99 Muddy Branch, at mouth, Paints- ville, Ky. BsLM 65 7.0 11.0 90.1 1.6 1 4.8 7 154 Do do. Nov. 29,1939 Nov. 30,1939 Nov. 21,1939 .5 13.2 91.3 2.0 2 4.8 6 Do do._. 5.0 11.6 90.5 1.2 2 4.8 6 Levisa Fork, below mouth, Paint Creek, Paintsville, Ky. BsL 64.5. 8.5 10.1 86. 1 460 7.2 13 89 158 Do do Nov. 28,1939 Dec. 1,1939 Nov. 22,1939 4.0 11.0 83.7 1.7 240 7.3 12 86 Do 5. 5 11.1 87.9 3.7 1,100 7.3 18 87 Levisa Fork, below Paintsville, Ky.. BsL 64 8.0 9.8 82.5 2.2 93 7.2 10 87 Nov. 30,1939 Nov. 29,1939 4.5 11.5 88.8 2.6 240 7.3 13 89 Shannon Branch, 2 miles below mouth Georges Creek. BsLS 40 2.5 12.9 94.5 1.3 (0 7.3 8 90 Levisa Fork, miles below Georges Creek. 1 Less than 1. BsL 39.5 Nov. 22,1939 7.5 10.4 86.5 2.0 4 7.5 10 106 556 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Levisa Fork, station 8.2, dam No. 1.. BsL 35 June 23,1939 23.0 6.8 78.3 1.5 240 170 30 Levisa Fork, station 2.7, Walbridge BsL 30 Aug. 4,1939 26.5 6.9 84.7 .7 46 Highway Bridge. Do do Aug. 18,1939 26.0 6.5 79.1 .9 240 Do do._ Sept. 1,1939 23.5 6.3 73.0 1 2 23 7.7 18 54 Do- do. Sept. 15,1939 25.0 7.0 83.5 .4 4 Do do__ Sept. 29,1939 22.5 7.8 89.1 .5 1 Do do Oct. 13,1939 17.5 6.7 69.3 1.0 4 Do— do Oct. 27j 1939 18.0 8.2 85.8 1.0 (i) Do do Nov. 10,1939 7.5 10.4 86.9 .8 2 Do do Nov. 24; 1939 8.5 9.0 76.9 .5 (i) Do do. Dec. 8,1939 5.5 10.8 85.4 .6 1 Do do. Dec. 29,1939 2.5 13.3 97.5 1.3 1 Do do Feb. 9,1940 2.5 13.2 96.9 .6 2 Do do Feb. 13,1940 6.5 11.7 94.8 .9 46 Do do Mar. 8,1940 5.0 11.7 91.5 .5 39 Do do.__ Apr. 5,1940 14.0 9.2 88.8 .5 93 Levisa Fork, station 0.1, Fort Gay... BsL 27.6 July 7,1939 25.0 5.8 69.2 2.0 460 7.3 900 21 Do do July 21,1939 23.0 6.6 75.5 1.7 240 7.1 1,000 25 Do Aug. 4,1939 27.0 6.9 85.0 .6 110 7.5 85 40 Do do. Aui?. 18,1939 27.0 6.6 81.5 1.1 43 7.6 200 55 Do do Sept. 1,1939 25.0 7.3 86.6 .8 93 Do Sept. 15,1939 25.0 7.0 83.1 .7 4 7.6 7 65 Do do Sept. 29,1939 23.5 7.8 90.8 1.5 11 7.6 5 79 Do do Oct. 13,1939 17. 5 7. 9 82.1 .9 43 7.7 12 81 Do do Oct. 27,1939 18.0 8.2 86.2 .8 43 7.6 12 90 Do do Nov. 10,1939 8.0 9.6 80.4 1.0 23 7.5 18 84 Do do._ Nov. 24,1939 7.5 9.7 80.8 .8 2 7.5 8 83 Do do. Dec. 8,1939 5.0 11.4 89.2 .7 24 7.4 9 107 Do do Dec. 29,1939 1.5 13.5 96.1 1.1 2 7.2 7 70 Do do. Feb. 9,1940 2.0 13.4 96.5 .8 2 6.8 16 45 Do do Feb. 13; 1940 5.5 11.7 92.8 1.6 110 7.6 190 28 Do - do Mar. 8,1940 4.5 11.8 91.2 .6 21 6.9 52 21 Do. do Apr. 5,1940 13.0 9.2 86.9 .7 93 6.6 95 20 Bs 26.6. 3,930 27.0 6.4 79.4 2.1 460 300 32 Louisa, Ky. Do do. July 7,1939 10,200 25.5 5.9 71.1 1.9 7.1 1,100 21 Do do July 21,1939 4,300 23.0 6.9 79.0 1.6 460 Po._ Aug. 4,1939 1,590 27.0 7.1 88.0 .6 24 7.4 50 41 Table Bs-7.—Big Sandy River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 557 Do do. Aug. 18,1939 1,300 26.5 6.5 79.3 2 2 93 7 6 300 61 Do do Sept. 1,1939 ' 275 25. 5 7. 7 92. 8 1 l 240 7 8 Do do Sept. 15,1939 185 25. 5 7.4 89 0 1.1 75 7* 7 ft 68 Do do Sept. 29,' 1939 95 23.0 8.1 93.1 5 240 8 0 78 Do do Oct. 13’ 1939 102 19. 5 8. 2 88. 6 . 8 4 8 0 7 102 Do. do Oct. 27\1939 72 19.0 8. 5 91.1 1. 3 7 9 10 91 Do do. Nov. 10,1939 102 7. 0 10.0 82. 4 .9 36 7 ft Do.... do Nov. 24,1939 87 7.5 9.9 82 3 1.0 46 7 6 8 Do do Dec. 8,1939 87 5.0 11.7 91.1 . 8 03 7 3 9 115 Do.. do Dec. 29’1939 250 2.0 12. 9 93. 4 1. 9 4 7 4 8 71 Do do Feb. 13,1940 2,840 6.0 11. 4 91. 2 1. 7 24 7 6 130 46 Do do 3i 640 4.0 11.8 90.0 .6 39 6 9 45 23 Do do Apr. 5i 1940 4, 260 13.0 9.2 86.6 . 6 43 6.6 95 22 Big Sandy River, station 0.3, dam Bs 0.3 June 1,1939 1,240 27.0 7.5 93.2 2.9 43 14 39 No. 1. Do June 5,1939 2. 520 27. 5 7.9 98. 5 2. 5 23 18 43 Do... do_._ 2,530 26. 5 6.2 75. 8 1.3 43 230 43 Do June 9,1939 2,110 27.0 6. 6 80.2 1.2 23 73 45 Do June 13,1939 2,830 25.0 6.8 80.9 2.0 240 183 34 Do June 15,1939 1,760 25.0 6.9 81.9 1.1 93 185 41 Do. June 19,1939 1,310 27.0 6.4 79.4 1.0 75 90 39 Do June 21.1939 5,230 27.0 7.6 94.1 1.2 240 36 42 Do.. June 23,1939 4, 210 27.0 6.6 82.3 .8 240 240 33 Do . June 27,1939 1,160 28.0 6.3 79. 5 1.0 93 7 3 100 37 Do June 29,1939 1,500 28. 6 6. 2 79.1 1.1 23 7.3 65 43 Do July 5,1939 9i 300 27. 5 7.3 91.5 1.2 93 7. 8 40 43 Do do July 7,1939 10,800 25.0 4.6 55.0 3. 4 7 0 1 250 Do July 11,1939 3i 330 26. 5 6.6 81.6 1.1 91 7. 2 1 240 32 Do July 13,1939 2i 180 27. 5 6.8 85.6 1/50 7 5 60 Do July 17,1939 2i 000 26.0 9.1 110.6 2.0 23 7 7 25 40 Do July 19,1939 l' 760 26.0 8.5 103.2 1.7 4 7 5 12 38 Do.... July 21,1939 4,910 24.0 6.6 77.1 1. 3 24 7 2 600 Do July 25,1939 2. 850 26. 5 7.1 87.2 . 6 46 7 2 Do July 27,1939 3,190 28.0 6. 8 86.1 1.0 46 7 2 Do do i July 31,1939 4i 330 26.0 6 7 82. 0 .9 75 7 5 Do Aug. 2i 1939 3,080 26.5 7.4 91. 3 . 6 43 7 .3 75 Do. Aug. 4,1939 1,710 27.0 7.0 96.7 1.6 93 7 5 80 37 Do.... Aug. 8,1939 ’680 27.0 8.1 99.9 1.9 g 7 7 28 Do... Aug. 10,1939 350 27.0 8.1 100.0 2.1 9 7 4 27 49 Do Aug. 14,1939 610 28.0 6.8 85.8 1. 5 9 7 7 75 Do Aug. 16,1939 820 28.0 7.2 91.3 1.1 24 7 7 30 Do Aug. 18,1939 1,370 29.0 7.2 92.1 1.0 9 7 7 23 Do... do Aug. 22,1939 li 010 26.0 7.4 90.2 1. 4 9 7 6 34 Do do Aug. 24,1939 ' 260 26.0 8.9 108.0 i. 7 8 7 7 10 Do Aug. 28,1939 325 26.0 7.0 85.2 1. 2 24 7 6 18 68 Do.... Aug. 30,1939 340 25.5 6.1 74.0 1.8 9 7 5 10 60 Do do Sept. 1,1939 300 26.5 7.7 94.7 1.6 240 7 6 14 Do Sept. 6,1939 233 25.5 4.9 58.4 1.1 460 7 1 55 Do Sept. 8,1939 262 26. 5 6.0 73.2 1.4 91 7.7 27 64 Do Sept. 12,1939 230 26.0 6,4 78.1 1.3 43Q 7-7 10 671 1 Less than X, 558 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Big Sandy River, station 0.3, dam No. 1. Bs 0.3. Sept. 14,1939 198 27.5 6.2 77.3 1.2 91 7.6 10 74 Do Do Sept. 18,1939 134 25.5 6.1 72.9 1.0 230 7.6 7 75 Do /0.8 30 7.4 10 73 Do O. A 75 7.6 12 79 Do 75 7.6 10 80 Do 1. 1 240 7.6 5 81 Do 36 7.6 12 81 Do 91 7.7 8 81 Do. . . ... 23 7.8 12 86 Do 110 7.8 7 88 Do . 23 7.8 7 89 Do 71. 3 93 7.6 8 93 Do 93 7.7 8 93 Do 43 7.7 8 96 Do Go. 8 23 7.5 5 100 Do 240 7.7 97 15 Do o2.1 7. 3 21 94 Do 43 7.3 17 96 Do... Nov’ 7 1Q3Q 43 /. 3 13 97 Do . 111 7.2 10 104 43 7.3 8 98 Do . . 4 7. 2 11 95 Do . Nov! 17,’ 1939 2.4 46 7.3 8 90 Do 24 7.2 12 85 Do 93 7. 3 8 103 Do... Dec.' 1,’ 1939 93 7.4 9 96 Do. 95 7.3 11 99 Do.. Dec! 7! 1939 Deo 11 1930 43 7.3 7 103 Do 7.3 8 101 Do Dee 1 a’1039 95 7. 2 7 100 Do 9 7.4 6 98 Do 93 7.1 6 99 Do 117 7.4 7 99 Do ... . 43 775 8 101 Do Dec 9R 103Q 43 7.7 5 99 Do Jan. 2,1940 7. 4 6 98 Do 7.2 8 83 6.9 25 86 Table Bs-7.—Big Sandy River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 559 Do. Jan. 16,1940 884 .5 12.9 89.3 1.2 23 6 9 80 Do do___ Feb. 15,1940 4. 470 2.5 12. 4 90.5 1. 5 43 7 0 150 Do. do___ Feb. 19,1940 6, 400 2.5 12.4 90.9 1.8 43 6 9 Do do Feb. 21,1940 5,900 5.0 11.7 91.5 1.0 23 6 9 120 Do. do. Feb. 23,1940 5, 240 3.5 11.9 89.7 .9 15 6 9 Do do._ Feb. 27,1940 2,000 3.5 12.6 94.4 1. 5 ]50 7 1 160 Do do__ _ Feb. 29,1940 3, 350 3.5 12. 3 92. 3 1.1 23 7 0 Do do Mar. 4,1940 10,300 8.5 10.6 90.2 1.6 43 7 0 Do do _ Mar. 6,1940 6, 750 7.5 10. 5 87.4 .8 15 7 3 Do.... do Mar. 8,1940 4, 200 6.5 11.1 90.1 1.1 43 6 8 52 Do do. Mar. 12,1940 1,830 4.5 12. 2 94.1 .7 7 6 9 34 Do do. Mar. 14,1940 1,720 5.0 12.6 98.3 . 7 460 6 8 21 Do do Mar. 18,1940 4,730 7.5 11.5 96.0 1. 0 9 6 8 45 Do do Mar. 20,1940 4, 580 9.0 10.8 93.3 .9 75 7 1 35 Do do Mar. 22,1940 5,630 8.5 10.8 92.5 .6 93 6 8 32 Do do Mar. 26,1940 1,960 4.0 12.4 94. 5 1.0 - 9 6 7 Do do Mar. 28,1940 1,620 7.0 11.9 97.9 . 5 9 6 6 Do do Apr. 1,1940 15, 730 9.5 9.7 85.0 1. 5 no 6 8 Do... do Apr. 3,1940 9,190 12.5 9.3 86.8 1.1 43 7 0 Do do Apr. 5,1940 4,740 13.0 9.3 88.0 .7 75 6 5 Do... do. Apr. 9,1940 3, 720 11.5 10.8 98.8 .6 23 6 7 Do.. do Apr. 11,1940 3, 620 11.5 10.1 92.3 .6 43 6.7 18 25 1 Less than 1. 90035—44—pt. 2 27 GUYANDOT RIVER BASIN 561 CONTENTS Pag* Contents 563 Syllabus and conclusions 565 Description 566 Presentation of field data 567 Presentation of laboratory data 569 Hydrometric data 570 Discussion 1 571 LIST OF TABLES Gy-1.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 566 Gy-2.—Surface water supplies 567 Gy-3.—Sources of pollution 568 Gy-4.—Industrial wastes (omitted; not significant). Gy-5.—Selected laboratory data 569 Gy-6.—Monthly mean summer flows 570 Gy-7.—Summary of laboratory data 572 Gy-2. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 568 (Note.—For maps of this basin see Big Sandy River Basin) LIST OF FIGURES 563 GUYANDOT RIVER BASIN1 Syllabus and Conclusions SYLLABUS The Guyandot Basin, comprising 1,670 square miles in the moun- tains of southern West Virginia, is an important coal mining area and is similar to the Big Sandy River Basin to the west. Only about 5 percent of the total population of 148,000 is urban. Sanitary con- ditions are poor. Pollution is uncontrolled, causes local damage, and affects public water supplies. Acid mine drainage and coal washery wastes damage tributary streams. Techniques are available for abatement of the pollution but the needs of the people in other directions limit present justifiable correction to partial treatment. (1) There are 17 public water supplies taken from surface sources, of which 5 are from streams receiving sewage from one or more com- munities above the water intake. At the largest of these, Logan, local sewage affects the water supply. (2) Sewage from a population of 23,900 is discharged without treat- ment. The Guyandot River is not heavily polluted. The largest sources of pollution are at Logan and Mullens. There are no organic industrial wastes of consequence, although coal washery wastes and acid mine drainage damage a few tributary streams. About half of the acid mine drainage load has been removed by sealing abandoned mines. (3) Laboratory studies show that the effects of pollution are pri- marily local and that the Guyandot River at Logan and above pre- sents the major pollution problem. The streams recover rather quickly from the effects of pollution and are in relatively good con- dition at short distances below the sources of pollution. (4) Low-flow argumentation by flood-control reservoirs would not have any appreciable value for pollution abatement. (5) Primary treatment of all sewage would be sufficient to maintain good stream conditions at most places. At some communities, where stream flows approach zero, secondary treatment would be required to prevent local nuisances. Considering the present financial con- dition of the towns, justification for the expenditure beyond partial treatment is questionable. CONCLUSIONS 1 For maps of this basin, see Big Sandy River Basin. 565 566 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL (6) A summary of cost estimates of remedial measures from table Gy-1 follows: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Existing 0 0 Suggested additional _ $530,000 $45,000 Estimated additional costs, over existing charges, of programs involv- ing uniform treatment throughout the basin are— Treatment Capital cost Annual charges $530,000 730,000 $45, 000 70,000 Table Gy-1.—Guyandot River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested minimum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Pri- mary Second- ary Amortiza- tion and interest Operation and main- tenance Total 0 0 0 0 Suggested minimum correction: Sewage treatment plants... 13 0 19,700 $300,000 230,000 $20,000 10,000 $15,000 $35,000 10,000 Independent industrial waste cor- 530,000 530,000 730,000 530,000 30,000 30.000 47,000 30,000 15,000 15,000 23,000 15,000 45,000 45,000 70,000 45,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment all waste Secondary treatment all waste Description The Guyandot River drains 1,670 square miles of mountainous country in southern West.Virginia and joins the Ohio River at Huntington, W. Va. Its only important tributary is the Mud River which drains 358 square miles and joins the Guyandot 7 miles above its mouth. With the development of coal mining the population of the basin has increased as shown below: 1910 1920 1930 1940 Rural-. 61,630 89, 900 2,998 117,233 4,39b 140,065 8,192 Total 61, 630 92,898 121,629 148, 257 The only towns of urban size are Logan (population 5,166) and Mullens (population 3,026). Much of the rural population is in mining camps which are concentrated in the vicinity of Logan and in the extreme southeastern part of the basin. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 567 Water uses.—The Guyandot is not navigable except near its mouth where it is affected by backwater from the Ohio. There are no hydro- electric power developments nor are there any proposed. No flood- control projects have been built but a reservoir above Milton on Mud River has been considered by the United States Engineer Department in connection with the authorized program for Ohio River flood con- trol. The Guyandot and some of its tributaries are considered fairly good bass fishing streams and are extensively used by local residents, but there are no developed recreation areas. Presentation of Field Data Figure Bs-1 shows the location and magnitude of each source of pollution of consequence in the basin. Figure Gy-2 shows similar data and, in addition, the location of water-supply intakes below sources of pollution and laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. Public water supplies.—Eighty-nine public water supplies in the basin serve 61,500 people. Only 17 of these are from surface sources and only 5 of the surface supplies come from streams subject to pollution. Table Gy-2 shows data on the surface supplies. The underground water is usually quite hard and is limited in quantity. A number of the communities use mine drainage as a source of water. Supply State Source Mile 1 Treat- ment s Popula- tion served Con- sumption, million gallons per day Supplies below community sewer outfalls West Vir- ginia. do 82 93 24 84 99 FD FD FD ILD D 9,000 1,000 1,400 800 700 0.60 .04 .06 .04 .03 do Mud River ... Monaville do do Island Creek, Mill Creek Other surface supplies West Vir- ginia. do 84 85 94 92 92 92 94 FD FD ILD D D D D D D None (4) None 1,500 600 500 2,000 200 1,500 700 400 700 800 300 100 0.06 .04 .06 .15 .02 .08 .03 .02 .02 .04 .01 .01 Well, Mud Fork .. do do do do do _ __do .. do do do Amherstdale (Becco). do Small stream do Total: Below sewer 12,900 9,300 0. 67 .54 Total surface wa 22,200 1. 21 1 Miles above mouth of Guyandot River. J F=Coagulated, settled, filtered, I=Iron removal, L=Lime, soda softened, D=Chlorinated. s These three towns have separate systems and wells for use during summer. During the winter they are all served by supply from Little Creek above Stirrat. 4 Filtered, no coagulants. Table Gy-2.—Guyandot River Basin: Surface water supplies 568 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sewerage.—Table Gy-3 shows the sewered population at each of the more important sources of pollution in the basin. Less than half of the people served by water supplies are connected to sewers. None of the sewage is treated. In addition to this sewage, a considerable amount of polluting matter reaches the stream from insanitary privies overhanging the streams or on the stream banks. Garbage and other refuse is commonly dumped into the streams. Table Gy-3.—Guyandot River Basin: Sources of significant pollution including industrial wastes, expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxy- gen demand) Municipality Receiving stream Miles above mouth of Guy- andot River Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treat- ment Sewered population (equivalent biochemical oxygen demand) Untreated Discharged Merrill 77 500 None.. 500 500 West Logan. 78 900 --.do 900 900 Peach Creek Quyandot River-Peach Creek. Quyandot River-Island Creek. 78 500 ...do 600 600 Logan 1 _ . 81 5,900 ...do 5,900 600 5,900 600 Stollings-McConnell Man 83 600 --.do Quyandot River-Buffalo Creek. 94 1,100 --.do 1,100 1,100 Pineville 143 700 -.-do 700 700 Mullens Guyandot - River-Slab Fork. 156 2,300 --.do 2,300 1,400 2,300 1,400 800 Barboursville 8 1,400 ---do Milton 24 600 ...do 800 Hamlin. 44 900 ---do 900 900 84 1,000 --.do 1,000 500 1,000 500 Holden Mine No. 22 94 500 --.do Omar 89 1,600 ---do 1,600 1,600 1,200 4,200 Helen Winding Gulf Creek- Berry Branch. 165 1,200 --.do 1,200 21 smaller sources 4,200 ...do 4,200 Total 23,900 24,100 24,100 1 Including some adjoining communities. Industrial wastes.—The only industry in the basin discharging organic wastes is a small cannery at Milton. Most of the 25 coal washeries in the basin cause some pollution by the discharge of fine coal particles which make the streams turbid and blanket the bottom. The steam-electric power plant at Logan dumps ashes from about 900 tons of coal per day into the Guyandot River. Acid mine drainage causes damage to some of the tributary streams but has no great effect on the main stream. Island Creek receives most of the acid drainage. The original acid load has been reduced by about 46 percent by the mine-sealing program formerly in operation in the area. Most of the remaining acid comes from active mines. FIG Gy-2 SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS Coliforms ( M.P.N.) per ml. FIGURE - Gy 2 GUYANDOT RIVER SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND selected laboratory data OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (Face p.568) GPO-43 0 -90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 569 Presentation of Laboratory Data A tabulated summary of the laboratory results is presented in table Gy-7 (p. 572). Selected data are in table Gy-5. Table Gy-5.—Guyandot River Basin: Selected laboratory data—main stream and tributaries River Location.. River miles above mouth of Guyandot. Period, 1939 Guyan- dot Above Mullens 156.5 Guyan- dot Below Mullens 155.5 Guyan- dot Above Pineville 143.5 Guyan- dot Below Pineville 142.5 Guyan- dot Above Man 94.5 Guyan- dot Below Man 93.5 Guyan- dot Above Logan 82 Number of samples 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 Plow in cubic feet per second: 28 30 Water temperature, °C 1.5 1.5 2.5 2.3 5.7 5.5 5.7 Coliforms per milliliter 46 66 (') 330 2 242 7 Dissolved oxygen parts per million... 13 9.6 13.0 11.9 12.5 13.5 13.2 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5- day, parts per million. 1.6 4.2 1.6 2.5 2.6 4.0 3.6 River Guyan- Guyan- Guyan- Guyan- Winding Island Copperas dot dot dot dot Gulf Creek Mine Creek Fork Location Water Below Below Below Below Below Below intake, Logan Chap- Bar- Helen Omar Holden Logan mans- hours- ville ville River miles above mouth of 81.5 80 77 7.5 164.5 88.5 84 Guyandot. Period, 1939 Number of samples 3 3 2 1 2 2 2 Flow in cubic feet per second: 37 37 Water temperature, °C. 5.0 10.3 6.5 1.5 3.5 5.8 7.3 Coliforms per milliliter.. 64 118 13 0 1, 750 1,670 41 ■Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 13.3 7.7 11.4 13.6 9.6 8.4 8.9 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 2.8 3.1 1.6 .6 26.4 21.2 13.2 1 Less than 1. Laboratory observations in the Guyandot Basin were carried out largely by a mobile laboratory unit during November and December 1939. Observations at the mouth were made from two to four times monthly during the 10-month period from June 1939 to April 1940 by the laboratory boat Kiski from Ashland. The Kiski also made observations at Barboursville and along the Mud River. Figures Bs-3, Bs-4, and Bs-5 present graphically on spot symbol maps the results of the coliform, dissolved oxygen, and oxygen de- mand determinations at the several sampling points. The results thus presented are averages of from one to three determinations from those points sampled during a period of less than 1 month and repre- sent the most unfavorable monthly average where observations were made over a period of several months. The Guyandot River above Logan presents the major pollution problem in the basin. Points below Logan and on the Mud River show little pollution except at the mouth where the results are affected 570 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL by Huntington’s sewage. The coliform and oxygen-demand results are in good agreement as to the major sources of pollution—Helen, Mullens, Man, Omar, Holden, and Logan being the more marked sources of pollution. The dissolved oxygen results presented a uniformly good picture. The stream recovered sufficiently between one source of pollution and the next to produce relatively good conditions at those stations above town. Considerable coliforms and oxygen-demand reduction is apparent in these stretches despite the rather cool weather. Stream flows in general were low during the sampling period except in the area sampled from the Kiski. Acid stream conditions were found along Island Creek and its tributary Copperas Mine Fork, pH values ranged from 4.5 to 5.2 and phenolphthalein acidities from about 20 to more than 200 parts per million. The laboratory results indicate that the effects of pollution on the Guyandot were primarily local under the low stream flow conditions existing at most stations during the time of this survey. Biological summary.—The Guyandot is heavily polluted in the upper reaches by mine drainage, which renders that portion of the stream unsuitable for aquatic life. The plankton volume of less than 500 parts per million indicates that the entire stream is comparatively free from organic pollution. Hydrometric Data Four stream-gaging stations have been maintained in the Guyandot Basin at various times and two are currently operated. Table Gy-6 shows mean monthly flows during the summer months at these two stations for some of the dryer years of record. Table Gy-6.—Guyandot River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which lowest summer flows have occurred Guyandot Man 94 762 1929-40 Guyandot Branchland 34 1.226 1929-40 River miles above mouth of Guyandot. - Drainage area (square miles) . 1930 1930 June .cubic feet per second.. 53.5 79.8 July 12.3 15.1 August 42.1 48.4 September 9.5 21.8 1932 1932 June .. cubic feet per second.. 923 1,460 July 956 2,090 August 186 245 September 31.4 42.4 Year.. 1939 1939 June.. cubic feet per second.. 730 833 July 690 1,010 August 152 254 September 37 50.5 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 571 Low-flow regulation.—There are no flood-control or hydro-electric reservoirs in the basin at present. One reservoir has been authorized by the Congress as part of the comprehensive program for Ohio River flood control. This is on the Mud River above Milton and could be operated to increase the minimum flow below the reservoir by about 22 cubic feet per second. However, this additional flow would not reduce the degree of treatment required at down-stream communities and the benefits would be largely intangible. Discussion The pollution problems of the Guyandot are primarily local ones. At most of the communities primary treatment of all sewage would be sufficient to maintain good oxygen conditions. At some of the towns on tributaries, stream flows become so low that secondary treatment probably would be needed to prevent local nuisances. At Logan, sewage from the adjoining communities should be inter- cepted and treated with Logan’s wastes. This is particularly desir- able in the case of Stollings and McConnell whose sewage enters the Guyandot above Logan’s water intake. Because of the local nature of the pollution problems of the basin and the character of the communities it is suggested that partial treat- ment of all sewage be provided. Secondary treatment can be added as community finances permit. Most of the coal washeries are equipped to recover the fine particles which now enter the streams at some of the plants. Those washeries not now equipped to recover the sludge should be so equipped and greater care in operation should be practiced to prevent the discharge of coal dust to the streams. The estimated cost of the suggested pollution abatement program is summarized in table Gy-1. 572 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion GyWg 165.5. Nov. 13,1939 4.5 12.8 98.8 1.7 46 7.9 5 173 W. Va. Do do. Nov. 16,1939 1.0 12.0 84.1 2.3 23 7.8 110 211 305 GyWg 164.5 - Nov. 13,1939 7.0 10.8 88.7 38.6 1,100 7.7 93 171 W. Va. Do - do Nov. 16,1939 0 8.5 57.9 14.2 2,400 7.9 15 189 295 Gy 156.5 Nov. 13,1939 3.0 13.1 96.9 1.5 7.9 5 152 W. Va. Do do Nov. 16,1939 0 13.5 92.6 1.7 46 7.6 12 148 195 Gy 155.5 - Nov. 13,1939 3.0 9.3 68.8 3.8 93 7.7 7 144 W. Va. Do do... Nov. 16,1939 0 10.0 68.2 4.6 39 7.6 3 134 215 Gy 152.5 Nov. 13,1939 2.5 10.6 77.5 3.7 460 7.7 2 142 Barkers Creek. Do do. Nov. 16,1939 .5 11.0 76.1 5.3 240 7.8 8 128 175 Gy 143.5 — Nov. 13,1939 4.0 11.9 90.9 1.7 0) 7.8 3 115 W. Va. Do do. Nov. 16,1939 1.0 14.0 98.7 1.6 (') 7.7 3 106 401 Gy 142.5 Nov. 13,1939 3.5 10.9 81.9 2.7 430 7.7 5 113 W. Va. Do ... do. Nov. 16,1939 1.0 12.8 90.2 2.4 230 7.6 0 125 117 Gy 94.5 Nov. 27,1939 5.5 13.3 105.3 2.0 4 7.6 6 Ml 120 Do do Nov. 30.1939 6.0 12.2 98.2 1.0 1 7.6 2 103 Do do. Dec. 5,1939 5.5 11.9 93.9 5.0 2 7.5 2 91 Buffalo Creek, above Man, W. Va... GyB 94.5 — Nov. 27,1939 2 5.0 11.3 88.0 2.6 460 7.4 5 44 320 Do do.. Nov. 30,1939 2 6.0 11.6 93.2 2.4 43 6.9 2 50 Do do. Dec. 5,1939 2 5.0 11.5 90.0 4.1 460 7.0 23 46 Gy 93.5 Nov. 30,1939 27 5.5 12.8 101.0 2.1 23 7. 6 0 151 Man, W. Va. Do .. Dec. 5,1939 33 5.5 14.3 113.1 5.9 460 7.7 3 97 Guyandot River, below Man, W. Va. Gy 93. Nov. 27,1939 30 6.5 13.7 111.1 2.4 7 7.9 2 95 120 Guyandot River, above Logan, Gy 82 Nov. 27,1939 6.0 12.4 99.7 3.1 (0 7.6 0 94 120 Do do. Nov. 30,1939 6.5 12.6 102.1 0) 7.6 0 99 Do do Dec. 5,1939 4.5 14.7 113.6 4.0 24 7.6 2 106 Gy 81.5 Nov. 27,1939 6.0 13.1 104.6 3.0 03 7.7 12 89 180 above Logan, W. Va. Do do Nov. 30,1939 4.5 12.6 97.4 1.6 75 7.6 3 95 Do do. Dec. 5,1939 4.6 14.3 109.9 3.8 23 7.6 2 97 1 Less than one. Table Gy-7.—Guyandot River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—luminary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 573 Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Gyl 88.5 Nov. 30,1939 Dec. 5,1939 Nov. 27,1939 Nov. 28,1939 Dec. 1,1939 Dec. 6,1939 8.0 6.7 56.2 19.9 2,400 930 7.1 18 116 W. Va. Do 3.5 10.0 75.6 22.5 7.1 87 105 Island Creek, below Omar, W. Va... Gyl 88.0 7.0 11.5 94.2 7.2 91 7.7 18 75 140 Gyl 85.0 1. 5 11.8 84.2 2.3 36 6.8 8 26 580 Do 1 7.5 10.5 87.2 4.8 (') 5.2 20 Do.... 6.0 11.0 88.3 1.1 4 6.4 1,800 260 21 Copperas Mine Fork, below Holden, W. Va. Do 5.0 9.8 76.6 15.5 43 5.2 2,070 Dec. 1,1939 Nov. 28,1939 Dee. 1. 1939 9.5 7.9 69.3 11.0 39 4.8 395 Gyl 81 2 1. 5 10.2 72.3 8.2 280 5.4 220 900 Do 3 8.0 8.0 67.6 9.5 230 4. 5 165 Do Dec. 6,1939 Nov. 28,1939 3 6.5 9.7 78.4 3.6 91 4.7 520 Guyandot River, below Logan, W. Va. Do Gy 80 35 9.0 8.1 70.0 1.8 91 7.1 20 71 210 Dec. 1,1939 Dec. 6,1939 34 13.0 6.9 65.5 2.3 240 7.1 8 75 Do 42 9.0 8.2 70.6 5.1 23 6.8 13 45 Guyandot River, bridge at Henlaw- son, W. Va. Do Gy 79 Nov. 28,1939 35 8.0 7.5 63.1 2.4 43 7.1 32 69 250 Dec. 1,1939 34 11.5 6.6 60.3 1.6 43 7.2 2 85 Guyandot River, below Chapmans- ville, W. Va. Do Gy 77 Nov. 28,1939 Dec. 1,1939 Dec. 15,1939 Jan. 19,1940 Feb. 2,1940 35 5.0 11.8 92.0 1.6 23 7.4 12 74 240 do 34 8.0 11.0 92.4 1.6 3 7.4 5 60 Guyandot River, 2 miles above Bar- boursville, W. Va. Do I. 1.5 13.2 94.2 .6 0 do 1.0 13.6 95.7 2.0 1 Do 0 10.3 70.6 .6 (0 11 6.8 5 Do Feb. 16,1940 1.0 13.5 95.1 .6 Do Feb. 23,1940 4.5 12.3 94.7 .6 Do Mar. 15.1940 3.5 12.2 91.9 .4 23 Do do Mar. 28.1940 9.0 11.6 100.3 .2 0 Do Apr. 4,1940 Mar. 29,1940 16.5 9.3 94.3 .4 15 Mud River, 0.1 mile above Hamlin, W. Va., Route No. 3. Do.... 12.5 10.1 94.2 .2 23 Apr. 4,1940 Mar. 29,1940 Apr. 4,1940 14.5 9.3 90.6 .3 15 12.0 9.9 91.4 .2 23 6.8 8 18 27 21 W. Va. Do do 15.5 9.0 89.1 .5 39 6.9 Table Gy-7.—Guyandot River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued 574 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Mud River, 0.1 mile above Milton, GyM 25 Mar. 28,1940 / 9.5 11.1 1 96.9 .3 43 W. Va., U. S. Route No. 60. Do do Apr. 4,1940 13. 5 9.2 88.3 .8 15 Mud River, 1.1 mile below Milton, GyM 23 ,. Mar. 28,1940 9.0 11.1 95.6 .5 9 6.7 8 30 W. Va. Do do Apr. 4,1940 14.0 9.2 88.3 1.0 43 6.8 33 25 Guyandot River, below corporation, Gy 7.5 Dec. 15.1939 1.5 13.6 96.7 .6 0 7.0 5 60 Barboursville, W. Va. Do. . .. do-. ___ - Jan. 19,1940 1.0 13.7 96.3 2.4 9 6.9 12 39 Do Feb. 2,1940 .5 10.4 72.4 .7 2 6.8 5 44 Do ___ .do Feb. 16,1940 1.0 13.3 93.7 .9 110 6.6 60 19 Do do Feb. 23,1940 4.0 12. 3 93. 6 1.1 9 6.7 70 15 Do do Mar. 15,1940 3. 5 12.2 92. O' .8 9 6. 6 24 20 Do do Mar. 28,1940 9.0 11. 7 101.0 .3 4 6.6 6 18 Do .. ..do Apr. 4,1940 15.5 9. 5 94.1 .4 24 6.9 9 15 Guyandot River, Cabell County Gy 0.1 J une 23,1939 420 26. 5 6.8 84.0 1.3 240 7.2 110 23 Highway Bridge. Do do. June 29,1939 1, 600 25.0 6.7 79.9 .8 460 700 16 Do. do July 7,1939 3,475 25. 5 6. 4 77.1 1.8 11,000 7. 2 600 19 Do do July 13,1939 690 25. 5 7.1 85. 6 .4 240 7.5 150 18 Do do Julv 21,1939 2,247 23.0 7.6 87.3 1.4 460 7.2 380 30 Do do__. July 27,1939 931 27.0 7.2 89.0 .9 93 7.2 15 26 Do do., Aug. 4,1939 674 25.5 6.8 81.8 1.1 460 7.4 100 26 Do do Aug. 10,1939 349 25.5 6. 8 81.3 .9 240 7.3 28 32 Do do. Aug. 18,1939 515 26.5 6.1 74.8 1. 2 390 7.3 210 44 Do do Aug. 24, 1939 182 25.5 6.8 81.9 1.3 430 7.5 22 42 Do do Sept. 1,1939 96 24.0 7. 4 86. 2 2.2 430 7.2 20 46 Do do Sept, 6,1939 124 23. 5 6.0 69.8 1.2 4,600 7.3 20 49 Do do Sept. 14,1939 68 24. 5 4.1 48. 5 2.9 11,000 7.4 10 60 Do.... do. Sept. 20,1939 53 23.0 6. 9 79.4 1. 4 2,400 6.7 5 44 Do do Sept. 28,1939 47 23.0 . 1 .9 4.3 4,600 7.5 22 62 Do do Oct. 6,1939 58 19.0 6.4 68.2 2.1 2,400 7.6 18 53 Do do Oct. 12,1939 52 20.0 4.5 49.1 1.7 930 7.5 8 52 Do Oct. 20,1939 39 16.5 5.8 59.1 4.4 4,600 7.5 22 45 Do do Oct. 24,1939 33 15.0 4. 5 44.3 7.6 4,300 7.2 17 42 Do _ ...do _ ... Nov. 3,1939 50 10. 0 8.4 73.8 4.5 930 7.2 23 49 Do Nov. 9,1939 52 9.0 10. 7 92.2 1.4 91 7.1 6 31 Do.. Nov. 17,1939 47 9.0 9.8 84.7 17.0 11.000 6. 9 17 49 Do do Nov. 27,1939 60 7.0 9.2 75.3 6.6 11,000 7.2 24 63 Do do _ 83 5.5 10. 0 79. 1 5.2 1,500 7. 2 12 59 Do do Dec. 15,1939 85 4.5 10.3 79.3 5.8 91 7.0 8 59 Do. Dec. 21,1939 117 6. 5 10.3 83.5 3.0 150 7.4 9 64 Do do Dec. 28,1939 144 1.0 12.8 89.6 1.8 460 7.2 9 55 Do do Feb. 21,1940 4,347 5.0 11.9 93.1 .8 11 6.9 90 17 Do do Feb. 27,1940 3,390 3.0 12.6 93.8 1. 5 460 7.0 42 16 Do do Mar. 8,1940 2,200 5.0 11. 6 91.0 .6 23 6.9 25 19 Do do Mar. 12,1940 924 5.0 12.3 96.2 1. 5 21 6.9 6 17 Do do Mar. 20,1940 1,860 9.0 11.1 96.0 .8 75 7.1 80 21 Do.. Mar. 28,1940 756 7.0 11.7 96.0 .4 15 6. 5 4 19 Do do Apr. 5,1940 3, 594 13.0 9.3 87.8 .6 93 6.5 15 16 Do do Apr. 11,1940 2,323 11.5 10.2 92.8 .7 93 6. 6 20 17 i Less than one. SCIOTO RIVER BASIN 90035—44—pt. 2 28 CONTENTS Contents 577 Syllabus and conclusions — 1 579 Description 581 Presentation of field data 582 Presentation of laboratory data 583 Hydrometric data 586 Discussion f 588 Page Sc-1.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 580 Sc-2.—Surface water supplies 582 Sc-3.—Sources of pollution 582 Sc-4.—Industrial wastes 583 Sc-5.—Selected laboratory data 584 Sc-6.—Mean monthly summer flows 586 Sc-7.—Summary of laboratory data 582 LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES Sc-1. Map.—Sources of pollution 579 Sc-2. Chart.—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 582 Sc-3. Map.—Coliform results 584 Sc-4. Map.—Dissolved oxygen results 584 Sc-5, Map.—Biochemical oxygen demand results 584 Sc-6. Chart.—Summer low-flow frequency curve. 587 577 (Pace p.579) 6PO-43 0 *0035 Population Equlvolant —500 000 LE6END Araat of Circlot Proportional to Population Equivalent of Woatq* At Oitcltarqod Radii Bafora Treatment Fig. Sc-I SCIOTO BASIN SOURCES OF POLLUTION OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig. Sc-1 SCIOTO RIVER BASIN Syllabus and Conclusions syllabus The Scioto River Basin lies wholly in Ohio and comprises 6,510 square miles, including the Columbus metropolitan area and 10 other cities of from 5,000 to 30,000 population. Most of the basin is a highly developed agricultural area. The total population is about 740,000, of which 60 percent is urban. More than half of the popula- tion is in Franklin County (Columbus). Commendable progress has already been made toward pollution abatement. The present lack of practical methods of industrial waste treatment deters further prog- ress in certain sections. Pollution control by increasing low-water flow offers possibilities in further improving conditions below Co- lumbus. CONCLUSIONS (1) Most of the municipalities in the basin have developed under- ground water supplies which appear to be adequate. In general, pollution is not seriously affecting public water supplies. There is an increasing demand for cleaner streams for recreational use, particularly in the vicinity of Columbus. (2) Sewage from a population of about 412,000 and industrial wastes with a sewered population equivalent of 426,000 are discharged to sewers. More than 95 percent of the sewage is treated. This treatment, plus treatment of industrial wastes in municipal treatment plants, reduces the total population equivalent of the wastes from 838,000 to 251,000. (3) The laboratory results indicate that the Scioto River, Paint Creek, and sections of certain other tributaries south of the latitude of Columbus would, at the present time, be unfit as sources of water supply because of the high bacterial content. Above Columbus, ex- cept in local zones, the situation appears much better. As regards other uses, the situation is similar to the above but less critical. (4) The Scioto River below Columbus carries considerable residual pollution from the city. The Columbus sewage treatment works is designed to maintain not less than 3 parts per million dissolved oxygen below Columbus at all times. This should be possible except at times of local rains. On account of these local rains oxygen con- ditions suitable to maintain fish life below Columbus require an esti- mated minimum flow of 75 cubic feet per second in addition to the sewage effluent from Columbus. (5) As the 75 cubic feet per second minimum flow is required only for a matter of hours during local flash floods, a suggested solution involves use of limited storage as at Whittier Street Dam at Columbus. A draw-down of 0.85 feet, to which there appears to be no objection, would supply the necessary flow for 12 hours. A trifling capital cost 579 580 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL and no additional annual maintenance would be required in provid- ing this flow. (6) An estimated 22 cubic feet per second can be maintained by the proposed Delaware flood-control reservoir. This sustained flow would improve the stream to a limited extent and would replace water stored above Whittier following use during local flash floods. (7) Several sections of tributary streams are grossly polluted.. These are primarily local problems and the tributaries, with the ex- ception of Paint Creek, are in suitable condition for all normal uses at their confluence with the Scioto. (8) In view of the normal uses of the streams involved, refined treatment at certain sources of pollution would serve no purpose com- mensurate with the expenditure. In these instances, lesser treatment appears justified. A summary of comparative cost estimates of remedial measures from table Sc-1 follows: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Existing . $12,890,000 1,300,000 $1,090,000' 180,000' Suggested additional_ _ Estimated additional costs, over existing charges, of programs involv- ing uniform treatment throughout the basin are—• Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Primary. 111 nlaees $1,060,000 1, 700,000 $150,000 225,000 Table Sc-1.—Scioto River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested mini- mum corrective measures for municipal and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Pri- mary Second- ary Amorti- zation and interest Operation and mainte- nance Total Existing sewage treatment Suggested minimum correction: Sewage treatment plants Required interceptors . 15 18 401,500 $12,890,000 $740,000 $350,000 $1,090,000 18 4 11,100 670,000 260,000 370,000 50,000 10,000 50,000 30,000 80,000 10,000 90,000 Independent industrial waste correction... . .. 40,000 Total 1, 300,000 1,060,000 1,700,000 1, 300,000 110,000 90,000 140,000 110,000 70,000 60,000 85,000 70,000 180,000 150,000 225,000 180,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment all waste. _ Secondary treatment all waste. As suggested OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 581 Description The Scioto River Basin, 6,510 square miles in area, occupies the central and south central portion of Ohio. The river rises in the flat Till Plains near Marion and flows in a generally southerly direc- tion to its confluence with the Ohio River at Portsmouth. Miles above mouth of Scioto River Drainage area, square miles Major tributaries: v 51 553 63 1,143 85 '408 100 557 106 281 117 657 132 536 Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Larger cities: 181, 511 18,232 14,508 237 031 290, 564 31,084 18 340 306,087 30,817 20,129 27,891 15,831 Total basin: 274, 691 272,845 268, 896 ' 341 841 269, 434 291, 761 447,790 4‘20' 508 547, 536 810 737 089. 940 739, 551 Industries.—While the Scioto River Basin is primarily an agricul- tural area, there are important industries, of which paper mills and canneries predominate. Other industries of lesser importance include meat, milk, metal, chemical, and rendering plants. Water uses.—The city of Columbus secures its water supply from two reservoirs/ total capacity 6,000,000,000 gallons, on the upper Scioto River. Flood-protection works, required primarily to reduce flood damages at Columbus and downstream, have been studied by local conservancy districts and the United States Engineer Depart- ment. The Scioto River is not navigable and has no water-power develop- ments. Columbus reservoirs are the only ones of appreciable size in the basin. Restricted recreational developments are present on the Scioto River below Columbus. Presentation of Field Data Figure Sc-1 shows the location and magnitude of all sources of organic pollution of consequence in the Scioto River Basin. Figure Sc-2 shows similar data and, in addition, location of water supply intakes from streams below sources of pollution and laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand. Public water supplies.—Forty-four public water supplies in the basin serve a total of about 480,000 people. Five of these supplies, as shown in table Sc-2, are from surface sources.. 582 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Sc—2.—Scioto River Basin: Surface water supplies City Source Mile 1 Treat- ment 2 Population served Consump- tion, million gallons per day Supplies below community sewer outfalls Columbus Scioto River . . 138 164 150 LD LD LD 332,000 10,000 3,500 31.40 .75 .19 Delaware— _ Olentangy River Westerville Sunbury ... . Other surface supplies Impounded-Wells LD LD 700 4.000 0.02 Marysville Total: Below sewer outfall Other . 345, 500 4,700 32.34 .32 Total, surface water sup plies 350,200 32.66 1 Miles above mouth of Scioto River. J_L= Lime-soda softened; D=Chlorinated. Above tlie Columbus supply, most upstream pollution is treated. Storage provides an additional safeguard and the bacterial quality of the raw water is good. Delaware suffered a serious water shortage in 1930 which might be overcome by supplementary low flow from the proposed Delaware Reservoir. There are no important sources of pollution immediately above Delaware and, in general, remote pollution of consequence receives treatment. Sewerage. —Table Sc-3 shows data on the more important sources of sewage pollution. All but one of the towns of any size have sewage treatment facilities, although not all are adequately equipped or properly operated. More than 95 percent of the sewage is treated. Table Sc-3.—Scioto River Basin: Sources of significant pollution including industrial waste expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxyqen demand) Municipality Stream Miles above mouth of Scioto River Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treat- ment Sewered popula- tion equivalent (biochemical oxy- gen demand) Un- treated Dis- charged Chillicothe i_ 69.6 16, 000 Primary.. 21, 500 Federal Institution 72 3,600 do 3, 600 Circleville 2___ 99.8 4,900 do 90,700 Columbus3 ... 132 300,000 Secondary 543,800 Kenton 209.2 5,100 None. ... 5,200 5, 200 Jackson... Salt Creek 75 4, 500 Primary _ 5, 600 Chillicothe 1 66.6 None. ... 47,600 47,600 Frankfort... 85 400 Primary.. 3, 400 Hillsboro 120 3,000 Secondary 3,100 Greenfield... 111.2 3, 400 Primary . 5,700 Washington C. H . 130 7,000 do 10, 300 5,900 Mt. Sterling... Deer Creek 118.8 '800 Secondary. 3,000 London 141 2,800 do 4,900 500 1 Municipal waste to Scioto River: most industrial wastes to Paint Creek 1 Strawboard plant wastes. 3 Treatment plant equipped with storm-water holding tanks. * Kecent treatment plant. Not in operation in 1939. Fig.- Sc2 SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS Coliforms (M.P.N.) per ml. Oxygen p.p.m o» od legend .Indicate! pollution removed by treatment. FIGURE-Sc 2 SCIOTO RIVER SOURCES OF POLLUTION ANO SELECTED LABORATORY DATA OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE Water Supply Intake! (Face p.582) 6P0 -43 0 • 90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 583 Table Sc-3.—Scioto River Basin: Sources of significant pollution including industrial waste expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand)—Continued Municipality Stream Miles above mouth of Scioto River Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treat- ment Sewered popula- tion equivalent (biochemical oxy- gen demand) Un- treated Dis- charged 140 150.9 110 130 141 152 158 216 173 186 500 900 900 1,000 600 3,000 8,000 6,000 4,200 24, 000 12,000 Primary. . Secondary. Primary.. 3,000 5, 600 3, 200 2,800 5,800 5,100 8,300 6,000 5, 400 24,000 20,900 2,800 3,200 2,900 2.500 5,800 800 900 900 1,000 4.500 16,700 Ashville Westerville Big Walnut Creek Secondary. Delaware Olentangy Gabon. ... .do ... do Marysville Mill Creek Marion._ Small sources (35 towns). Total. Various... 412, 600 838, 500 251, 400 Industrial waste.—Data on 48 industrial plants, wholly or partly unconnected to municipal treatment, are summarized on table Sc-4. However, by far the greatest industrial waste load is tributary to present municipal treatment. The Columbus and Circleville treat- ment plants both handle heavy industrial waste loads. Table Sc-4.—Scioto River Basin: Summary of industrial wastes not discharging to municipal treatment plants, with total of entire industrial waste load in the basin Number of plants Industrial waste disposal At least minor Estimated population equivalent (biochemi- cal oxygen demand) Industry Munici- pal sewers Private outlets corrective measures taken Canning 11 1 10 9 32,200 Chemical.. 4 0 4 3 Meat.. 8 4 4 5 2,700 Metal . 7 3 4 4 Milk 7 3 4 4 700 Paper 3 0 3 3 39,200 2,500 Miscellaneous 8 2 6 5 Waste unconnected to municipal treat- ment 48 13 35 33 77,300 348,600 425,900 Presentation of Laboratory Data Summaries of laboratory results for the Scioto River Basin are pre- sented in table Sc-7. These data have been obtained in part from the operations of three laboratory units connected with the present sur- vey, and in part from the results of a previous survey carried out by the Public Health Service along the main Scioto River below Colum- bus during the years 1937-39 (these results have been transcribed as monthly averages for the period January-July 1939). The data 584 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL for the upper Paint Creek watershed are based on continuing observa- tions from the Cincinnati laboratory in 1939 and early 1940. For the remainder of the basin, the observations were made by mobile laboratories, covering shorter periods of time during September and October 1939. Selected average monthly laboratory results at some of the principal points in the basin are tabulated with flows on sampling days and the minimum month on table Sc-5. In general, the results selected repre- sent the lowest flow conditions during the sampling period. Table Sc-5.—Scioto River Basin: Selected laboratory data River. _ Location River miles above mouth of Scioto. Period, 1939 Scioto Above Kenton 210 October Scioto Below Kenton 207 October Scioto Upper end res- seVoir 153 October Scioto Above Colum- bus 129.0 June Scioto Shade- ville 119.8 June Scioto South Bloom- field 109.0 June Scioto Above Circle- ville 99.5 June Number of samples Flow in cubic feet per second: 3 3 1 17 17 17 17 Sampling days Minimum month 2.2 2.2 2,680 2,800 60 3,370 4,360 Water temperature, °C 15.5 16.8 20.5 23.7 23.1 24.6 23.6 Coliforms per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 24 7,400 9 977 5,390 838 347 million. Biochemical oxygen demand, 8.6 1.7 6.9 7.1 3.0 3.9 4.6 5-day, parts per million. 2.0 7.5 2.6 3.4 4.6 3.3 2.7 River Scioto Scioto Scioto Scioto Scioto Scioto Scioto Location. Pennsyl- vania R. R. bridge Kellen- berger Bridge Chilli- eothe Kilgore Bridge Higby W averly Mouth Lucas- ville River miles above mouth of Scioto. 95.5 86.2 70.0 64.3 55.7 38.7 15.0 Period, 1939 June June June June June June June Number of samples Flow in cubic feet per second: 17 11 9 9 9 9 9 Sampling days Minimum month 4,360 3,170 6,160 210 6,190 6,970 263 7,820 8,390 Water temperature, °C 24.0 24.2 24.6 24.9 24.5 24.4 24.3 Coliforms per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 948 372 198 244 429 136 63 million Biochemical oxygen demand, 4.6 4.1 6.9 6. 2 5.3 6.8 6.5 5-day, parts per million 4.6 3.3 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.2 River Little Little Olen- Olen- Little Little Rocky Scioto tangy tangy Walnut Walnut Fork Location Above Below Above Below Above Below Above River miles above: Marion Marion Dela- ware Dela- ware Balti- more Balti- more Hills- boro Confluence with Scioto 9 9 28 24 36 33 57 Mouth of Scioto 186 180 160 156 142 139 120 Period, 1939 October October October October October October October Number of samples Flow in cubic feet per second: 3 3 2 2 3 3 1 Sampling days 1.2 1.2 11.8 11.8 2.2 2.2 4 4 .5 0 0 0 Water temperature, °C 16! 0 15.7 17.5 18.5 8.2 9.8 16.0 Coliforms per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 26 38,300 12 26 18 2,730 24 million . Biochemical oxygen demand, 10.0 1.8 8.5 10.8 7.4 .5 7.8 6-day, parts per million 3.7 13.5 3.0 2.8 2.0 87.7 1.2 (Face p. 584) No. 1 8P0 - 43 0 - S40J5 LEGEND Average Coliform Results at Sampling Stations . . Mast probable Symbol number per. ml. Under 25 26- 50 5 I -100 101 -200 Over 200 Fig Sc-3 SCIOTO BASIN COLIFORM RESULTS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig. Sc-3 Fig. Sc-4 LESEND Average Dittolved Ouygan Result* at Sampling Station* Symbol Dissolved 0*yg«" P p m (Face p.584) No. 2 #PO -43 0-30035 Over 6.5 5.1 to 6.5 3.1 to 5.0 0.1 to 3.0 0.0 Fig. Sc-4 SCIOTO BASIN DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 LEGEND Averoge B. O. D. Results at Sampling Stations Symbol p p m. (Normal Somplai) (Face p.584) No. 3 GP0-4J 0 - 90035 0 0 to 3.0 3.1 to 5.0 0>tr 5.0 Fig. Sc-5 SCIOTO BASIN BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig. Sc-5 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 585 Table Sc-5.—Scioto River Basin: Selected laboratory data—Continued River Location River miles above: Confluence with Scioto Mouth of Scioto Period, 1939 Rocky Fork Below Hills- boro 54 117 October Paint Creek Above Wash- ington Court House 67 130 Septem- ber Paint Creek No. 1 Below Wash- ington Court House 1 65 128 Septem- ber Paint Creek Above Green- field 49 112 October Paint Creek Below Green- field 47 110 October Paint Creek Opposite Chilli- cothe 3.4 * 66.6 July Paint Creek Mouth Chilli- cothe 1.3 64.5 July Number of samples 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 Plow in cubic feet per second: 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 330 330 0 .5 .5 10.3 10.3 Water temperature, C° 17.5 20.6 19.0 17.0 17.0 23.0 24.0 Coliforms per milliliter 4, 600 150,000 240,000 23 24,000 39 156 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 4.2 .4 0 4.6 0 7.3 5.7 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 2.3 7.8 153 2.6 19.5 1.1 13.3 Figures Sc-3, Sc-4, and Sc-5 show, by spot-map symbols, the distribution of average monthly coliform results, dissolved oxygen content and 5-day oxygen demand, respectively, at the various sampling points throughout the basin, as based on the most un- favorable month of observations at each point. In general, the lower dissolved oxygen results coincided with lower river stages and high temperatures, whereas the higher coliform results tended to occur during months of high stages and low temperature. Along the main Scioto River, the dominant part played by the wastes of Columbus is apparent. In the tributary areas, the worst conditions were observed in the upper Paint Creek watershed, notably below Washington Court House. The section of the basin lying north of Columbus is shown to be relatively clear of heavy pollution, except in local stream zones immediately below the larger towns. Figure Sc-2 shows the coliform bacteria and dissolved oxygen results as observed in the main Scioto River below Columbus during a typical high water month (March 1939) and a low-water month (June 1939). The low water dissolved oxygen content of the river below Columbus is shown to have followed a fairly typical “sag” curve, with a first minimum point at about 3 parts per million and a secondary minimum of 4 parts per million below Circleville. In Paint Creek below Washington Court House, the minimum reached zero oxygen for a distance of about 3 miles in October 1939. In contrast were the higher oxygen levels in both streams during the high-water months of March 1939 and 1940, though a tendency toward a delayed oxygen “sag” was shown under those conditions. In general, the observed numbers of coliform bacteria tended to follow a course directly opposite to that of the dissolved oxygen content, being highest at points near the minimum point of the oxygen sag curve. The laboratory results for the basin as a whole indicate that the Scioto River, Paint Creek, and sections of certain other tributaries south of the latitude of Columbus would be unfit as sources of water supply unless extensive sewage chlorination measures were carried out over most of this area. Above Columbus, except in local zones, the situation appears much better in this respect. So far as other 586 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL stream uses are concerned, the situation indicated by the results is roughly parallel to that above described, except that conditions are shown to be somewhat less critical in portions of the area south of Columbus, as is indicated by comparing figures Sc-3 and Sc-4. Hydrometric Data Twenty-two stream gaging stations have been maintained on the Scioto River Basin for varying periods, 15 stations of which are in operation at the present time. Eight stations of importance from the pollution standpoint have been selected and the monthly mean summer flows for 3 years in which low summer flows have occurred are pre- sented in table Sc-6. Table Sc-6.—Scioto River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred • River Location River miles above mouth of Scioto Drainage area (square miles) Period of record Scioto At Larue 192 255 1925-40 Scioto At Colum- bus 132 1,624 1921-40 Scioto At Chilli- cothe 69.6 3,847 1921-40 Scioto At Higby 55.7 5,129 1930-40 Year 1930 1921 1930 1932 Juno...: 36 283 470 1,980 July do 9 86 303 3,180 August. 6 96 1 214 561 September 17 67 233 406 Year 1932 1924 1932 1934 June ..cubic feet per second.. 38 3,780 976 718 July 23 874 1,710 868 August J 4.0 98 328 960 September do 7 66 252 387 Year 1934 1930 1934 1939 June. ..cubic feet per second.. 41 178 435 5,450 July 7 125 549 2, 230 August 12 82 565 822 September 6 68 245 1 337 River Little Paint Paint Scioto Olentangy Creek Creek Location... Near Near Near Near Marion Delaware Greenfield Bourneville River miles above: Confluence with Scioto 6 26 48 19.5 Mouth of Scioto 183 158 111.2 82.7 Drainage area (square miles).. 81.2 387 251 808 Period of record 1924-40 1922-34 1927-36 1924-40 Year 1930 1930 1930 1930 June.. . ..cubic feet per second.. 26 71 8 42 July.... 3.6 10 .8 20 August 1.2 1.8 1.5 1 11 September 2.8 11 .7 27 Year 1933 1933 1932 1936 June ..cubic feet per second.. 10 26 223 70 July..... 7 29 295 29 August 2.1 3.5 6 30 September... 2.2 26 1.4 22 Year 1934 1934 1934 1939 June . .cubic feet per second.. 1.6 22 7 441 July.. 1.2 6 38 249 August 1.3 .9 33 128 September... 1.7 1.5 10 15 > Minimum month. 587 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Fig. Sc —6 Note:- Includes period before and after Columbus water supply reservoir development. FIGURE Sc -6 SUMMER LOW FLOW FREQUENCY CURVE SCIOTO RIVER AT C 0 L U M B U S , 0 H I 0 (Flow includes Columbus Sewage) (For Period 1921-*3 9) Percent of Years Minimum Monthly Mean Discharge Equaled or Exceeded. (Only June-July-August-September considered) Monthly Mean Discharge in c.f.s 588 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Figure Sc-6 presents a flow duration curve for the average monthly flows from June to September, inclusive, for the period from 1921 to 1939, for the Scioto River at Columbus below the Columbus sewer outfall so that the flows include the sewage flow (average 70 cubic feet per second). This curve indicates that average summer monthly flows of 190 cubic feet per second or less have occurred every year. Flows of 115 cubic feet per second may be expected every 2 years, 80 cubic feet per second every 5 years, and only the sewage flow of 71 cubic feet per second every 10 years. The minimum average monthly summer flow was 66 cubic feet per second. The low average monthly flow of 60 cubic feet per second shown on table Sc-5 occurred during the winter. Low-flow regulation.—The United States Engineer Department has determined three reservoir sites to be most nearly satisfactory for flood control and allied purposes—Delaware, Paint Creek, and Rocky Fork. The Delaware Reservoir on Olentangy River above Columbus could be of value for flood control, water supply for the city of Delaware, and for pollution abatement, and would be capable of maintaining a minimum flow of 22 cubic feet per second at the dam site. Under present plans, the Paint Creek and Rocky Fork Reser- voirs are to be used solely for flood control. Seasonal low-flow con- trol operations, if conducted at the Paint Creek and Rocky Fork Reservoirs in conjunction with flood-control operations, would result in minimum discharges of 51 cubic feet per second and 13 cubic feet per second, respectively, at the dam sites. Discussion Pollution problems of more than local significance exist on the main Scioto River below Columbus, on Paint Creek from Washington Court- house to the confluence with the Scioto River at Chillicothe, and below Kenton on the upper Scioto, the only community of appreciable size without treatment facilities. Minor pollution problems, of local significance only, exist at various points below a number of moderate sized and small municipalities. Corrective measures at these points are included in the cost estimates, but discussion has been omitted. MAIN SCIOTO RIVER BELOW COLUMBUS The 132 miles of Scioto River between its mouth and the Olentangy River at Columbus receives wastes with a population equivalent of about 111,100. A large part of this is a residual pollution following treatment. Columbus, Circleville, and Chillicothe contribute more than 95 percent of this pollution load. With the exception of Paint Creek, the six tributaries of appreciable size entering this section of the main stream are generally less polluted at their mouths than the main stream at the confluence. Columbus.—The recently completed activated sludge plant at Columbus treats practically all of the sewage and industrial wastes from the city and its suburbs. This plant, designed to maintain a minimum of 3 parts per million of dissolved oxygen in the river below Columbus, provides also for the treatment of storm water by diversion to storage tanks until treatment is possible during a sub- sequent period of lower sewage flow. Such a refinement in pollution OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 589 abatement is rarely applied in the United States, and Columbus has the only large installation of its kind in the Ohio Basin. Despite this refinement, surface wash is of marked consequence. During the critical season, local showers may cause pollution from surface wash and overflow of storm water from certain combined sewers with little corresponding increase in dilution flow from above Columbus. The oxygen demand of this flush water may be sufficient, according to data of the Ohio Department of Health, to reduce the dissolved oxygen in the stream below the critical point. During January 15, 1937, to August 15, 1939, the Scioto River below Columbus was studied by the Stream Pollution Investigations Station of the United States Public Health Service, to determine the effects on the stream of the completed sewage-treatment plant at Columbus. Because of delays in placing the plant in full operation, this investigation was suspended and only limited data are available to indicate the effectiveness of treatment in improving river water quality during a critical low-flow period. Stream discharge below Columbus includes the city sewage flow wdiicli amounts at present to about 70 cubic feet per second. Dis- charge records are available for the years 1921 to 1939 during which the city built a large water supply reservoir above Columbus which also influences the low flow of the Scioto. The flow data presented, therefore, are not strictly applicable to present conditions. They do indicate, however, that the treated sewage of Columbus is at times the only flow in the stream and that in most years there is at least 1 month when the dilution available is less than one volume. At Chillicothe and Higby the flow of the stream is much greater. The selected laboratory results presented indicate conditions before the Columbus plant was in full operation and during a period of rather high flow. The minimum flow above Columbus during period of observations was 2,800 cubic feet per second, whereas in September 1939 the flow was only 86 cubic feet per second. The results show that the stream was rather heavily polluted in spite of the high flows. The city of Columbus has certainly taken every reasonable step possible toward the correction of its pollution problem. With initial operating difficulties overcome, it is probable that the accom- plishment for which the works were designed, namely, an absolute minimum of 3 parts per million dissolved oxygen in the Scioto River below the plant, will be attained a very high percentage of the time. Possible exceptions will be at times of local rains. Largely because of the effect of local rains, oxygen conditions below Columbus suitable to maintain fish life are possible only with an esti- mated minimum flow, in addition to the .sewage effluent of 75 cubic feet per second. An estimated 22 cubic feet per second can be main- tained by the proposed Delaware flood-control reservoir on the Olen- tangy River above Columbus, but this is not sufficient to accomplish the desired result. As the problem is one resulting from local rain, supplemental low flow is required for only a short period, possibly a matter of hours, but should be available on very short notice. This suggests less storage located near Columbus. The Whittier Street Dam forming the pool opposite Columbus might be used for this purpose. In case the storage is used in a matter of hours at the time of a local rain, the water could be replaced over a period of several days, if necessary, 590 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL from the available 22 cubic feet per second from the proposed Dela- ware Reservoir. The present construction of the Whittier Street Dam includes four 4-foot square outlets through the dam. Supplemental flow of 75 cubic feet per second for a period of 12 hours may be obtained from the pool above the AVhittier Street Dam bv a draw-down of about 0.85 feet. There have been no great objections to past temporary lowering of this pool. A light lifting device for removing the stop logs will be necessary at an estimated cost of $50. Circleville.—-Circleville has recently completed a chemical precipi- tation treatment plant that can, if desired, be divided into two parts, one to treat wastes from a large strawboard plant and the other to treat city sewage and all other industrial wastes. The Circleville plant was not in full operation during the period from January to July 1939 when laboratory examinations of stream samples were being made. Principal pollution is from the strawboard wastes. Treatment of these wastes by chemical precipitation removes prac- tically all of the settleable solids and a portion of the finer suspended solids. Elimination of shoals and sludge banks, therefore, may be expected. Oxygen demand reduction, however, is of minor conse- quence. Methods of correcting strawboard waste pollution are now being studied at several places. However, at the present time, the Circleville plant represents the only installation where even partial treatment is actually practiced. Lagoonmg lias been temporarily effective at certain plants in the past. Further treatment of sewage and wastes at Circleville appears desirable. However, secondary treatment of sewage would have but a very minor effect and no practical method for additional treat- ment has been developed for strawboard wastes. Further study of the strawboard waste problem appears indicated. Despite limited treatment of waste and sewage at Circleville, qual- ity of water below the city, because of higher flow, is superior to that below Columbus. Chillicothe.— Chillicothe has a primary treatment plant for all of its sewage. Certain industrial wastes, principally from paper plants, are discharged to Paint Creek. In the paper mills, recirculation is prac- ticed to a limited extent and save-alls have been installed, both desir- able pollution correction measures. The Federal Reformatory just north of Chillicothe has a primary treatment plant. The sewage treatment plant effluents from Chillicothe and the Fed- eral Reformatory above the city, plus industrial wastes which enter through Paint Creek, have some slight deleterious effect on the Scioto River. However, here again, because of higher flow, the quality of Scioto River water below the city is superior to that below Columbus. The slight effect on the Scioto as shown by the laboratory results would not justify' further treatment. Industrial pollution in Paint Creek between Chillicothe and the con- fluence with the Scioto River creates a serious condition. This pollu- tion could be largely and justifiably corrected by discharging all but the paper mill wastes to public sewers for treatment in the municipal plant. The paper mill wastes are of such a volume that separate treat- ment is indicated. There are possibilities of further reduction of the paper mill wastes by recovery of byproducts and reuse of water. Re- maining wastes are capable of treatment by chemical precipitation. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 591 PAINT CREEK Wastes with a population equivalent of 18,900 enter Paint Creek and its tributaries above Chillicothe. The worst stream conditions, as shown by the laboratory results, are in the vicinity of Washington Court House and Greenfield, where zero oxygen conditions prevailed. Paint Creek and its tributaries are important streams in a thriving agricultural district. Despite their condition, these streams are used for swimming and other recreational purposes. There appears ample justification for secondary treatment of sewage and wastes and this fact is generally recognized. Present primary treatment plants were installed as temporary expedients to be supplemented within a reason- able time with secondary treatment facilities. KENTON This is the only urban community in the Scioto River Basin without sewage treatment facilities. Its location above Columbus water supply reservoirs makes the provision of such facilities of more than local importance. Gross nuisance conditions prevail below the sewer outfalls during the summer months and laboratory results during Sep- tember and October 1939 showed only 1.7 parts per million of dissolved oxygen in the Scioto below town. Complete recovery was not appar- ent even 30 miles downstream. Secondary treatment appears justified for improvement of local conditions and protection of Columbus’ water supply. ( MISCELLANEOUS POLLUTION A number- of other sources of wastes on the Scioto River and its tributaries cause serious pollution of primarily local significance. Remedial measures appear justified at Jackson, West Jefferson, Ash- ville, and Baltimore. Some industrial wastes correction is needed at most of these places, particularly along Little W'alnut Creek. Cost estimates for remedial measures for pollution abatement sug- gested, as justified by the stream uses, are summarized in table Sc-1. £0035—44—pt. 2 29 592 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Period Number of samples Average discharge cubic feet Temper- ature Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen Coliforms, most number pH Turbidity, parts per Alkalinity, parts per Hardness, parts per per second parts per million probable per mile million million million Scioto River, above Kenton, Ohio Sc 209.5 September and October 1939. 3 2 15.5 8.6 2.0 24 8.0 47 236 225 Scioto River, below Kenton, Ohio . Sc 208 3 2 16.8 17.0 1.7 5.3 7.5 4.4 7,410 23 7.7 8 29 315 231 369 Scioto River, above Greencamp, Sc 179.5 1 Ohio. Little Scioto River, above Marion, ScLs 184.5 3 i 16.0 10.0 3.7 26 8.3 18 143 150 Ohio. Little Scioto River, below Marion, ScLs 179 3 i 15.7 1.8 13.5 38,600 7.5 25 274 185 Ohio. Scioto River, 1 mile below Green- Sc 175.5 1 17.0 6.7 4.7 23 7.9 8 258 camp, Ohio. Sc 172 do 1 17.0 5.2 11.3 8.0 32 200 Scioto River, above Prospect, Ohio.. Scioto River, 1 mile below Prospect, Sc 170 do 18.0 10.4 15.9 110 8.6 15 191 Ohio. Scioto River, above mouth Mill Sc 156 1 19.5 4.6 6.6 9 7.8 56 233 Creek, Bellpoint, Ohio. ScM 172 do 4 15.1 17.8 7.3 4.3 3.0 7.2 6 7,250 7.9 7.7 40 23 192 227 129 191 Mill Creek, above Marysville, Ohio Mill Creek, below Marysville, ScM 166 __do__ 4 Ohio. Mill Creek, at mouth __ . .. ScM 156 1 19.0 6.5 .8 15 7.7 15 214 Scioto River, upper end Columbus Sc 151.5 20.5 6.9 2.6 9 7.5 45 190 Reservoir. ScO 213 2 i 11.5 7.8 2.7 15 7.6 43 125 Olentangy River, 1 mile above Galion, 97 Ohio. Olentangy River, miles below ScO 211 2 i 10.3 6.5 2.8 59 7.8 14 199 136 Galion, Ohio. Olentangy River, above Waldo, ScO 174 1 0) 18.5 7.0 1.9 9 7.7 15 235 Ohio Olentangy River, below Waldo, Ohio. ScO 173 do_ i c1) 19.0 15.3 8.6 8.8 1.8 1.9 43 16 7.8 7.8 13 288 ScOW 187 >i< Ohio. Whetstone Creek, below Mt. Gilead, 10 250 231 ScOW 185 2 o' 14.5 9.3 6.7 235 8.1 18 Ohio. Olentangy River, above Delaware, ScO 159 2 12 17.5 8.5 3,0 12 8.0 16 183 137 Ohio. Olentangy River, Central St. Bridge, Delaware, Ohio. ScO 158 i 8 13.5 9.0 1.7 24 7.9 15 204 Olentangy River, Winter St. Bridge, Delaware, Ohio. ScO 158 i 8 14.5 9.5 1.6 9 8.0 15 208 Olentangy River, Williams St. ScO 158 1 8 15.0 9.3 L4 24 8.0 15 201 Bridge, Delaware, Ohio, Table Sc-7.—Scioto River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 593 Oientangy River, below Delaware, ScO 157 2 12 18.5 10.8 2.8 26 8.6 202 153 Ohio. Scioto Eiver, station 127.5, Colum- Sc 129.3 January 1939... 16 646 3.4 12.7 1.7 82 8.1 179 116 109 124 160 146 146 200 bus, Ohio. Do February 1939.. March 1939 16 3,055 5,088 3,484 3.6 6.3 9.5 19.0 23.7 23.9 4.3 13.5 12.6 11.6 9.1 7.1 7.3 5.4 2.4 2.1 1.8 2.0 3.4 1.6 16.3 248 116 45 52 977 91 8,160 7.7 7.6 7.7 8.2 7.9 7.8 7.5 Do 17 Do... April 1939. 17 Do May 1939 12 ' 392 Do June 1939 17 2,680 931 Do July 1939 12 Scioto Eiver, station 117.5, Shade- ville, Ohio. Sc 119.8 January 1939... 16 677 Do February 1939.. March 1939 16 3,194 5,326 3.8 6.4 9.4 18.4 23.1 23.7 12.0 12.5 11.3 10.0 2.7 3.0 4.2 7.4 5.3 3.9 4.0 4.6 4.6 3.1 1.7 1,620 1,240 1,490 2,140 5,390 2,200 9 7.6 131 119 136 192 162 154 223 Do . . 17 Do ._ April 1939 17 3,646 410 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.9 Do May 1939 12 Do June 1939 17 2,804 Do July 1939 12 974 Alum Creek, above Westerville, Ohio. ScBwA 152 September and October 1939. 1 3 10 190 Alum Creek, below Westerville, ScBwA 151 1 3 11.0 8.5 3.5 23 8.1 3 176 176 Ohio. Big Walnut Creek, at mouth ScBw 117 January 1939... 4 3.2 12.3 12.6 11.6 10.1 10.1 6.7 .9 2.7 1.5 1.6 .9 8.6 6 90 119 77 7.8 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.9 7.6 198 112 128 126 194 201 Do February 1939.. March 1939 4 3.4 6.4 10.2 12.5 5.1 Do 5 Do April 1939 4 Do May 1939. 1 Scioto River, station 113.5, Commer- cial Point, Ohio. Sc 115. January 1939... 16 845 2,350 Do. February 1939.. 16 4,645 4.0 12.4 4.8 756 7.6 127 Do.... March 1939. .. 17 6,098 5,478 603 3,367 1,290 858 6.8 9.8 19.7 24.0 24.3 6.2 10.9 9.9 4.2 3.8 5.0 5.9 4.0 3.5 4.7 3.2 2.8 7.3 885 1,020 659 1, 320 733 375 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 123 132 201 164 161 203 Do April 1939 17 Do May 1939. 12 Do June 1939 17 Do. July 1939 12 Scioto River, station 107.5, South Bloomfield, Ohio. Sc 109 January 1939... 16 Do February 1939.. 16 4,746 3.9 12.2 5.1 620 7.6 129 Do March 1939 17 6,159 6.9 10.8 3.6 1,020 7.6 128 Do _ _ April 1939 17 5,592 680 3,408 1,311 2 9.8 19.8 24.1 24.2 8.2 9.7 4.5 3.9 5.1 7.4 3.6 4.2 3.3 2.5 2.0 1,230 501 838 663 18 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 133 201 164 165 238 Do May 1939 12 Do June 1939 17 Do.. July 1939 12 Little Walnut Creek, 1 mile above ScW 147 3 8 375 Baltimore. Little Walnut Creek, 1 mile below November 1939. " ScW 145 do_ 3 2 9.8 87.7 2,730 67 345 389 Paw Paw Creek, Baltimore. Little Walnut Creek, 4H miles below ScW 141.5 2 1.5 7.3 7.3 17.4 483 22 333 383 Paw Paw Creek, below Basil, Ohio, ) Less than 1, 594 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Period Number of samples Average discharge cubic feet per second Temper- ature °C Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coliforms, most probable number per mile pH Turbidity, parts per million Alkalinity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Little Walnut Creek, mile north- ScW 134 October and 2 7.5 5.1 4.4 9 7.5 13 283 377 west Lockville, Ohio. Sycamore Creek, 114 miles above November 1939. ScWSy 139 do- 3 2 11.3 9.3 1.6 6 7.7 34 610 Pickerington, Ohio. Sycamore Creek, % mile below ScWSy 137. ... 3 2 223 12.0 6.8 8.3 182 7.6 29 758 Pickerington, Ohio. Little Walnut Creek, 14 mile above ScW 130.5 do__ __ 1 9 14.0 8.7 3.3 4 7.9 18 307 Canal. Winchester, Ohio. Little Walnut Creek, H mile above ScW 130.1 2 8 630 20 10.0 10.0 2.8 7.6 28 259 Canal, Winchester, Ohio. Little Walnut Creek, 14 mile below ScW 129.5. 3 17 11.3 9.1 3.2 283 7.6 285 626 Canal, Winchester, Ohio. Little Walnut Creek, 1 mile above ScW 110.5. 3 40 10.2 7.4 2.1 7.7 30 270 439 Ashville, Ohio. Little Walnut Creek, 1 mile below ScW 109 3 101 40 10.5 7.0 2.9 7.6 29 280 443 Ashville, Ohio. Scioto River, station 100.5, Red Sc 101.8 January 1939.._ 16 957 4.5 8.1 4.0 219 7.6 206 Bridge. Do February 1939.. March 1939 16 5. 534 4.1 11.9 4.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 2.1 2.8 820 720 498 164 592 463 35 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.7 8.1 134 133 137 208 165 169 244 Do 17 6,662 6,583 816 6.9 10.7 Do April 1939 17 9.9 9.6 Do. May 1939 12 19.5 5.9 Do June 1939. 17 3,744 1,492 24.0 4. 4 Do July 1939 12 24.3 5. 4 Big Darby Creek, above Plain City, Ohio. ScD 151 September and October 1939. 2 3 12.0 8.1 41 127 Big Darby Creek, below Plain City, Ohio. ScD 150 2 3 11.8 6.5 3.1 142 7.9 9 250 133 Little Darby Creek, above Meehan- ScDl 174. September and October 1939. 2 c> 11.5 9.2 1.5 31 7.9 10 49 151 icsburg, Ohio. Little Darby Creek, below Meehan- ScDl 172 do__ 2 (*) 11.8 9.8 1.8 277 7.9 13 53 153 icsburg, Ohio. Darby Creek, at mouth.. ScD 100.5 January 1939... 4 3.1 13.1 1.3 31 8.1 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.3 7.7 254 202 202 205 244 218 Do February 1939 . 4 3 5 12.3 1.3 1. 3 63 75 51 4 Do March 1939 5 6.8 10.4 11.9 Do April 1939 4 10.6 1.3 1 0 Do May 1939 1 13.0 10.8 Scioto River, station 99.5, Circle- Sc 99.5 January 1939... 16 1,133 3.8 9.1 3.0 215 ville, Ohio. Do February 1939.. 16 6,962 3.4 12.2 2.6 504 7.6 141 Table Sc~7.—Scioto River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 595 Do.. 17 17 12 17 12 16 16 17 17 12 17 12 12 8 8 7 7 11 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 5 4 1 7,558 8.362 1,058 4,360 1,811 1,134 6,968 7,562 8,372 1,060 4.362 1,812 1,457 7,789 8,299 6,863 1,183 3,174 1, 513 1 (') 1 6.1 9.4 18.7 23.6 24.1 4.7 4.2 7.4 10.0 19.8 24.0 24.6 4.7 5.1 7.4 10.4 19.2 24.2 24.2 20.0 17.6 5.0 3.0 0 20.0 17.5 4.5 1.0 0 22.5 18.5 6.0 2.0 1.0 22.5 19.0 6.0 2.0 0 3.2 4.0 6.6 9.4 10.0 10.6 9.7 6.3 4.6 5.8 9.1 11.9 10.7 9.7 6.2 4.6 5.3 8.4 11.5 10.1 9.7 5.9 4.1 4.5 4.5 8.5 10.9 12.3 13.3 6.2 7.6 11.3 12.3 12.1 8.4 9.2 11.0 12.8 13.1 8.1 8.8 11.2 12.6 12.2 13.0 11.7 11.8 10.5 3.6 2.6 1.9 2.7 7.6 6.9 3.9 4.4 3.8 5.7 4.6 4.3 4.4 2.9 3.8 3.2 4.3 3.3 3.0 6.3 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.3 2.9 2.9 1.7 1.3 3.4 1.6 1.9 1.0 1.1 5.2 1.9 2.2 1.0 0.8 3.6 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.5 522 467 158 347 297 632 1,480 442 527 272 948 794 241 408 528 269 121 372 331 150 4 46 0) 46 430 36 93 43 1,100 24 8 15 9 460 93 4 23 4 143 3 58 125 42 4 7.6 7.7. 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.8 140 140 216 172 177 218 147 147 149 221 178 184 218 147 148 154 228 186 186 Do Do May 1939 Do. Do .Tnlv 1939 Scioto River, station 95.5, Pennsyl- vania R. R. Bridge. Do Sc 95.5 January 1939... February 1939.. do. Do. Do Do.... May 1939 Do. Do .Tnlv 1939 Scioto River, station 84.5, Kellen- berger’s Bridge. Do Sc 86.2 January 1939... February 1939.. ___do Do Do Do May 1939 Do.... Do .. .. July 1939 Oak Creek, above London, Ohio ScDO 142... September 1939 October 1939... November 1939 December 1939. January 1940... September 1939. October 1939... November 1939. December 1939. January 1940... September 1939. October 1939... November 1939. December 1939. .Tanuary 1940... September 1939. October 1939 November 1939. December 1939. January 1940... January 1939... February 1939.. Do Do Do :. Do Oak Creek, below London, Ohio ScDO 140... 1 (0 1 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.8 Do Do Do Do . Deer Creek, above Mount Sterling, Ohio. Do ScDe 119.. 9 6 11 8.1 8.2 8.0 7.9 Do.. Do Do Deer Creek, below Mount Sterling, Ohio. Do. ScDe 116. 9 6 11 8.1 8.2 7.9 8.0 7.5 8.1 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.3 Do Deer Creek, below Mount Sterling, Ohio. Do do__ Deer Creek, at mouth ScDe 84.8 251 188 212 206 242 Do... Do. Do.. April 1939 Do Mav 1939. ... 1 Less than 1 596 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Period Number of samples Average discharge cubic feet per second Temper- ature °C Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coliforms, most probable number per mile pH Turbidity, parts per million Alkalinity parts per million ,Hardness parts per million Scioto River, Chillicothe, Ohio Sc 70. January 1939 .. 9 2,770 4.9 9.7 4.7 1,350 7.7 206 Do _ do February 1939.. 7 12, 920 3.9 11.9 3.7 756 7.6 124 Do March 1939 9 9, 544 7.8 10.6 3.4 237 7.7 148 Do do_ April 1939 8 10,174 11.2 9.5 2.8 216 7.7 153 Do do_ May 1939 5 1,431 17.9 8.5 3.8 58 7.8 219 Do do _ June 1939 9 6,163 24.6 5.9 2.9 198 7.7 180 Do do July 1939 5 2,237 23.8 6.3 2.8 241 7.8 194 Scioto River, Kilgore Bridge. Sc 64.3 January 1939... 9 2,784 5.4 10.1 4.4 202 7.7 214 Do_ do February 1939.. 7 12,986 4.1 11.9 3.9 510 7.6 135 Do do March 1939 9 9,580 7.9 10.5 3.2 323 7.7 152 Do do__ April 1939 8 10,220 11.2 - 9.5 2.4 224 7.7 158 Do.. do_ Mav 1939 5 1,436 17.7 9.2 3.6 96 8.0 229 Do do June 1939 9 6,192 24.9 6.2 2.8 264 7.8 182 Do _ _ do July 1939 5 2,247 23.8 6.5 2.4 295 7.8 199 ScP 132 July 1939 1 26.0 7.3 1.4 150 Court House. Do do September 1939. 1 20.0 .4 7.8 150, 000 7.6 Do... do October 1939... 2 11.3 3.6 3.3 295 7.6 Do do. December 1939. 1 6.0 10.2 2.8 36 7.8 Do.... do January 1940... 2 0 7.7 1.5 14 7. 5 Do.... do... February 1940. 5 1.9 11.5 1.8 88 7.7 Do do___ March 1940 4 4.8 12.3 1.0 205 7.8 Do April 1940 1 15.0 9.4 3.0 9 8.0 ScP 127.5 July 1939 1 25.0 0 19.2 24,000 Washington Court House, Ohio. Do do. _ September 1939. 1 3 19.0 0 152.6 240,000 7.2 Do . . do October 1939. 2 4 11.8 0 278.0 670,000 7.1 Do do. December 1939. 1 7.0 0 129.0 91,000 7.3 Do do January 1940... 1 1.0 0 112.5 75,000 ScP 126 September 1939. 1 18.0 0 71.4 110,000 7.2 Washington Court House, Ohio. Do do October 1939. 2 9.0 0 180.0 160,000 7.5 Do do December 1939. 1 4.5 0 165.0 23,000 7.4 Do do. January 1940... 2 0 3.9 74.5 121,000 7.5 Do do February 1940.. 5 2.6 10.6 10.9 1,100 7.7 Do . do March 1940.. . 4 5.8 11.7 4.6 209 7.8 Do April 1940 . 1 14.5 8.2 2.5 150 8.0 ScP 124.5 September 1939. 1 20.0 0 81.2 46,000 7.6 Washington Court House, Ohio. Do ...do., October 1939. 2 10.3 0 124.0 33, 500 7.4 Do do__ December 1939. 1 4.5 0 172.5 4, 300 7.4 Do. do January 1940... 1 0 0 135.5 46,000 Table'Sc.-7.—Scioto River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 597 Paint Creek, point No. 4, below ScP 123.5 September 1939. 2 20.3 10.4 9.0 23 8. 2 Washington Court House, Ohio. Do_ October 1939 . _ 2 10.8 2.4 63 3 55 non Do December 1939. 1 5.0 7. 4 14. 7 3 000 7.8 Do January 1940... 1 0 0 87.0 4 300 Paint Creek, point No. 5, below ScP 122.5 September 1939. 1 21.0 6. 1 4.3 4 8 1 Washington Court House, Ohio. Do_ do October 1939... 2 12.0 2.1 97. 5 1 200 7 9 Do .. December 1939. 1 5.0 8.0 5. 6 ' 300 Do January 1940... 2 0 1.5 52. 7 1 900 7 6 Do . February 1940. _ 5 1. 2 9. 5 7.1 2 470 Do... March 1940 4 4.8 11. 3 2. 0 ’ 208 Do April 1940 1 14.0 7.1 2. 6 240 Paint Creek, point No. 6, below ScP 121.5 September 1939. 1 22.5 7.5 2.4 2 7,9 Washington Court House, Ohio. Sugar Creek, above Jeffersonville, ScPS 148 August 1939 1 1 24.5 3.4 2.8 240 Ohio. Do October 1939.. 1 1 15. 5 4. 4 13 5 150 8.0 Sugar Creek, below Jeffersonville, ScPS 147 August 1939 1 1 25.5 5.4 7.9 460 Ohio. Do October 1939. 1 1 14.5 5.6 8.1 930 Do November 1939. 1 1 7.0 6. 5 6 5 Do December 1939. 1 1 2.5 11.1 7. 2 93 Do January 1940... 1 0 1.1 38. 0 93 Paint Creek, above Greenfield, Ohio.. ScP 112.0 September 1939. 1 4 24.0 4.8 2.1 24 7. 9 Do _ October 1939. 1 2 17.0 4. 6 2. 5 23 Do . November 1939 1 9 5. 5 9.8 1 7 9 Do. December 1939. 1 7.0 10. 6 2. 4 2 Do January 1940. . 1 0 9. 4 2 5 36 Paint Creek, above Greenfield, Ohio. ScP 112.0 February 1940.. 5 2.8 12.2 2.4 213 7.' 7 Do March 1940 4 6. 3 12. 4 1. 1 79 Do April 1940.. ... 1 15.0 11. 2 1 4 4 Paint Creek, below Greenfield, Ohio. ScP 109.4 September 1939. 1 22.0 6.4 6.0 240 7.8 Do _ October 1939. _. 1 17.0 0 19. 5 24 OOO Do November 1939. 1 7. 5 1. 4 27.9 Do December 1939. 1 8. 5 6. 3 6. 8 1 ’ 600 Do January 1940... 1 0 12. 5 3 2 Do Februarv 1940.. 5 2.5 13.1 3. 2 1 020 Do .. March 1940 4 5.9 12. 7 1. 7 , 003 Do April 1940 1 14. 5 • 11.4 2. 8 430 8.2 Wilson Creek, above Sabina, Ohio... ScPRW 137 July 1939_i 1 7 26.5 6.5 1.7 43 Do September 1939. 1 (i) 18. 5 0 87.8 2 400 Do October 1939. . 2 (») 9.0 6.6 10.8 23 400 7.7 Do December 1939. 1 3.5 11.0 1. 6 91 Do January 1940... 1 0 1.6 57.3 11 OOO Wilson Creek, below Sabina, Ohio ScPRW 136 July 1939 1 7 27.5 12.8 2.3 91 Do September 1939. 1 (!) 17.0 5.7 6.2 1f 100 Do October 1939... 2 (0 9.0 9.1 8. 6 680 8.1 Do December 1939. 1 2.0 11.0 4.1 36 1 Less than 1. 598 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Period Number of samples Average discharge cubic feet per second Temper- ature °C Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coliforms, most probable number per mile pH Turbidity, parts per million Alkalinity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million SfPtin 122 August 1939 1 27.0 9.9 0.7 46 8.1 Ohio. • Do 1 20.0 6.6 .8 15 7.9 Do 1 16.0 7.8 1.2 24 7.9 Do 1 4.5 9.4 1.0 110 8.0 Do 1 7.5 10.8 .5 4 7.8 Do 1 0 12.5 .9 24 7.6 fioPRn lift a 1 24.5 7.0 .6 75 7.9 Ohio. Do 1 20.0 7.1 2.4 9 7.9 Do 1 17.5 4.2 2.3 46 7.5 Do 1 5.5 11.0 1.0 8 7.8 Do 1 6.5 10.4 .6 1 7.8 Do 1 0 10.9 .5 24 7.6 Kr>PRnC! 122 1 25.0 8.0 1.5 9 8.0 Do 1 20.0 3.9 .5 110 7.7 Do 1 16.0 6.7 1.3 4 7.9 Do 1 5.0 11.9 1.2 15 7.9 Do 1 7.0 11.2 .7 1 7.8 Do 1 0 12.4 .7 1 7.5 SfPTInn 120 1 1 24. 0 7.0 .6 460 8.0 Do 1 1 20.0 4.1 1.8 9 7.5 Do 1 (i) 15.5 4.0 2.0 9 7.5 RpPRofJ 120 1 1 5. 5 10.9 1 2 110 7.7 Do 1 8.0 9.3 1.5 9 7.6 Do 1 0.0 9.6 3.7 240 7.5 Rpp or r a 7.8 11.2 1.0 45 7.9 207 Ohio. Do April 1939 8 9.9 10.3 1.4 75 7.8 192 Do May 1939 5 15.2 9.1 1.2 4 8.1 233 Do 9 23.2 7.0 2.0 428 8.0 202 Do July 1939 5 23.0 7.3 lil 39 8.0 200 SftP 04 5 8 5.6 12.0 9.7 85 8.0 221 Ohio. Do do February 1939 . 7 4.1 12.2 3.7 168 7.6 141 Do March 1939 9 8.3 10.8 3.4 53 7.9 197 Do April 1939 8 10.9 10.3 3.2 87 7.8 186 Do May 1939 5 18.0 8.1 7.6 17 8.2 243 Do 9 25.2 6.1 9.3 229 8.1 214 Do — do July 1939 5 24.0 5.7 13.3 156 8.2 214 Table Sc-7.—Scioto River Basin: Ohio River -pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of averages—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 599 Scioto River, Higby, Ohio Sc 55.7. January 1939... 9 4,182 5.3 10.5 5.3 515 7. 7 213 Do February 1939.. 7 19,386 3. 9 12. 0 3. 5 31 fi 7 fi Do March 1939 9 ll’ 840 8.1 10. 5 3. 2 306 7 7 Do April 1939 8 15,195 11.2 9. 6 2. 6 212 7 7 Do May 1939 5 2, 374 17. 5 8. 3 3. 9 405 Do June 1939 9 6,969 24.5 5. 3 2. 8 429 7 8 Do do July 1939 5 2,568 24. 0 5. 9 2.8 427 7.9 197 Little Salt Creek, 1 mile above Jack- ScSL 76 July 1939 2 4.1 2.2 33 son, Ohio. Little Salt Creek, upper edge Jackson, ScSL 75 July 1939 2 7.9 2.2 70 Ohio. Little Salt Creek, lower end of Jack- ScSL 74 July 1939 2 3.8 2.2 195 son, Ohio. Little Salt Creek, 2)4 miles below ScSL 72 July 1939 2 3.6 2.0 17 Jackson, Ohio. Salt Creek, at mouth ScS 51.4 January 1939... 5 5.2 12.5 1.1 64 7 2 Do February 1939.. 3 5.5 11.9 1.3 125 7 2 Do do March 1939 5 7.4 11. 5 1. 2 43 7 2 Do >_ April 1939. 4 10. 6 10. 7 . 8 50 7 2 Do May 1939 1 13.0 10. 2 . 9 15 7 5 Do June 1939 1 24. 0 6. 9 1. 2 46 7 7 Scioto River, Waverly, Ohio Sc 38.7 January 1939... 9 4,689 5.2 11.0 3.5 208 7. 7 187 Do February 1939.. 7 21,730 4.0 11.9 2. 9 248 7 fi Do March 1939 9 13, 272 8.1 10. 4 2 fi 249 Do April 1939 7 11,201 11.1 9. 5 2 0 152 Do May 1939 5 2, 664 17.4 8. 7 3 0 38 Do June 1939 9 7,820 24.4 5.8 2 5 136 7 7 Do July 1939 5 2,880 23. 9 6. 5 2 0 120 7 9 Scioto River, Lucasville, Ohio Sc 15.5 January 1939... 9 5,037 4.7 11.5 2.5 200 7. 7 173 Do February 1939 . 7 23, 343 3. 6 11. 9 2 6 333 7 fi Do March 1939 9 14, 244 7. 7 10.5 2 1 129 7 6 Do April 1939 7 12,043 10.9 9 5 1. 5 84 7 7 Do May 1939 5 2.858 17.0 8.9 2. 4 26 8 0 Do June 1939 9 8,390 24.3 6. 5 2 2 63 7 8 Do Julv 1939 5 3,092 23. 7 7. 2 1 9 s 7 9 Do September 1939 5 458 21 7 7. 6 3 0 3 Do October 1939 4 349 15. 4 8 2 2 7 3 Do 5 571 7. 2 10 0 1 8 6 Do December 1939. 3 610 6. 2 10. 2 1. 9 2 Do January 1940... 1 405 .5 10.4 3.7 9 7.6 271 1 Less than 1. MIAMI RIVER BASIN 601 CONTENTS Pag* Contents 603 Syllabus and conclusions 605 Description 607 Presentation of field data 607 Presentation of laboratory data 610 Hydrometric data 612 Discussion 615 LIST OF TABLES Mi-1.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 606 Mi-2.—Surface water supplies 608 Mi-3.—Sources of pollution 608 Mi-4.—Industrial wastes 609 Mi-5.—Selected laboratory data 610 Mi-6.—Mean monthly summer flows 614 Mi-7.—Summary of laboratory data 618 LIST OF FIGURES Mi-1. Map—Sources of pollution 605 Mi-2. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 608 Mi-3. Map—Coliform results 610 Mi-4. Map—Dissolved oxygen results 610 Mi-5. Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results 610 Mi-6. Chart—Summer low-flow frequency curve 613 603 Population Equivalent I son non (Face p. 605) GPO-43 0 - 90035 LEGEND Areas of Circles Proportional to Population Equivalent of Wastes As Discharged Rad ii Before Treatment MIAMI-LITTLE MIAMI BASINS SOURCES OF POLLUTION Fig. Mi-1 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig. Mi-1 MIAMI RIVER BASIN Syllabus and Conclusions The Miami Basin comprises 3,950 square miles in southwestern Ohio and 1,435 square miles in southeastern Indiana and has a popu- lation of about 800,000, of which more than 60 percent is urban. The valley of the Miami River is one of the most densely populated and highly industrialized areas in the Ohio Basin and the pollution load is heavy. Progress has been made toward pollution abatement, treatment being practiced at municipalities representing about 75 percent of the sewered population. Industrial wastes are important, and limitations in practical known methods of industrial waste treat- ment are controlling factors in certain cases. Pollution control by increasing low flow does not appear promising. Present minimum flows are relatively high, and significant increases in these flows would require large storage. SYLLABUS conclusions (1) The abundance of satisfactory underground water has reduced the need for clean streams as sources of water supply, but it seems probable that surface sources will be used more extensively in the future. The upper Mad River and the Whitewater River are espe- cially valuable as recreational streams and the increasing demand for recreational facilities warrants the maintenance of high standards of water quality in these streams. (2) Sewage from 550,500 people in 64 communities and industrial wastes equivalent to sewage from an additional 401,500 people are discharged to sewers. Thirty-one communities have installed sew- age-treatment plants which treat the sewage from about 75 percent of this population and 40 percent of the industrial waste population equivalent, reducing the total pollution load of 952,000 to a sewered population equivalent of about 482,700, of which nearly 80 percent enters the Miajni River directly. (3) The general picture presented by the laboratory results indicates (a) a relatively clean area in the Whitewater River Basin and on certain smaller tributaries; (6) considerably more pollution of the upper Miami Basin above Dayton, but partial recovery of the streams before receiving successive pollution loads; and (c) generally unsatisfactory conditions for most uses in the Mad River below Springfield and in the Miami River from below Dayton to near the mouth. (4) The principal pollution problem is on the main Miami River from below Dayton to a point near the mouth. Residual pollution following sewage treatment, plus industrial wastes for which only limited methods of treatment are available, prevent a high degree of restoration of the river. Suggested sewage treatment plus the pos- sible industrial waste correction should restore the stream for reason- 605 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL able use other than domestic water supply except during times of abnormally low flow. (5) Low-flow regulation by proposed reservoirs on the Whitewater River would have largely intangible value. The existing Miami Conservancy District reservoirs have unregulated outlets and hence have no effect on low flows. (6) Piqua obtains part of its water supply from the main Miami River 13 miles below Sidney. A high degree of sewage treatment appears justified at Sidney to protect this supply. (7) A few sections of tributary streams receive pollution in excess of a reasonable limit. These are primarily local problems and the tributaries are of equal or better quality than the Miami River at the point of confluence. (8) In view of the uses of the streams involved, refined treatment at certain sources of pollution would serve no purpose commensurate with the expenditure. In these instances, lesser treatment appears justified. In other cases, limitations in practical known methods of industrial waste treatment is a governing factor. In such cases refined methods of sewage treatment would cause no valuable im- provement and lesser treatment appears justified. A summary of comparative costs of remedial measures from table Mi-1 follows: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges $9,380,000 4,860,000 $746,000 660,000 Suggested additional ... Estimated additional costs over existing charges of programs involving uniform treatment throughout the basin are: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges $4,070,000 5,450,000 $570,000 730,000 Table Mi-1.—Miami River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested mini- mum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Pri- mary Second- ary Amortiza- tion and interest Operation and main- tenance Total Existing sewage treatment . Suggested minimum correction; Sewage treatment plants 10 21 '422,400 $0, 380, 000 $555, 000 $100,000 $745,000 7 18 127, 200 2,120,000 1, 560, 000 1,180, 000 150,000 75,000 155,000 95,000 245,000 75, 000 340,000 Independent industrial waste 185,000 Total 4,860,000 4, 070, 000 5, 450, 000 4,860, 000 380,000 320,000 415,000 380,000 280, 000 250, 000 315,000 280,000 660,000 570,000 730, 000 660,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment all waste. _ Secondary treatment all waste. . .. As suggested __ OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Description The Miami River Basin has a total area of 5,385 square miles, of which 3,950 square miles are in southwestern Ohio and the balance in southeastern Indiana. The river rises in Logan County, Ohio, and flows in a generally southwesterly direction to join the Ohio River at the Oliio-Indiana State Line. Miles above mouth of Miami River Drainage area, square mile Major tributaries: Whitewater River 5 38 60 85 86 126 1, 590 320 320 660 670 260 Fourmile Creek Mad River . __ ... Loramie Creek Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Larger cities: 116,577 46,921 35, 279 22, 324 152, 559 60,840 39, 675 26, 765 200,983 68, 743 52,176 32,493 210, 718 70, 662 50, 592 35,147 Total basin: 283, 598 300,439 290, 054 378, 913 299, 370 480,484 328, 377 502,104 584,037 668, 967 779,854 830, 481 Although agriculture in the Miami Basin is important, industrial activities predominate. The most important of these are the metal and paper industries. Other industries of lesser importance include canning, milk, and textiles. Water uses.—Five communities with a total population of about 100,000, secure their water supply from surface streams. Only one, Piqua, uses the main Miami River. The Whitewater and Mad Rivers are used extensively for recreational purposes. Flood control works of the Miami Conservancy District include five retarding dams which are not operable to augment low flows. Presentation of Field Data Figure Mi-1 shows the location and magnitude of each source of pollution of consequence in the basin. Figure Mi-2 shows similar data, and, in addition, the location of water supply intakes from streams below sources of pollution and laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen, and biological oxygen demand. Public water supplies.—Ground water of generally good chemical quality appears to be plentiful in most sections of the basin. Sixty- four public water supply systems serve about 600,000 people. Fifty- nine of these supplies, which serve about 500,000 people, are from underground sources. The other 5 supplies, taken wholly or in part from surface sources, are listed in table Mi-2. All of these are 90035—44—pt. 2 SO 608 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL in Ohio. The Springfield supply, although taken from an infiltration gallery, is considered by the State health department to be a surface supply. The city has experienced considerable difficulty in develop- ing an adequate and safe supply from underground sources and may be forced to use one of the nearby streams or to construct an im- pounding reservoir. Table Mi-2.—Miami River Basin: Surface water supplies Municipality Source Mile 1 Treat- ment 2 Population served Con- sumption, million gallons per day Supplies below community sewer outfalls Greenville Creek, well-_ 139 LD 7,500 17, 000 0.50 Miami River, impounded 122 LD 1. 75 Other surface supplies Fourmile Creek. 67 FD 3,500 300 0.25 82 LD . 01 Buck Creek (infiltration gallery).. 111 D 73, 000 10.00 Total: 24, 500 76, 800 2. 25 10.26 101, 300 12. 51 1 Miles above mouth of Miami River. 2 L = Lime-soda softened; D=chlorinated; F = coagulated, settled, filtered. Sewerage.—Public sewerage systems serve 64 municipalities with a combined population of about 550,000, of which 390,000 or about 70 percent, reside in the area from Hamilton to Dayton (mile 33 to 85). Twenty-seven pollutional sources of consequence are shown in table Mi-3. Secondary treatment of waste is provided at 21 communities serving 333,000 or about 60 percent of the total sewered population. Primary treatment is provided at 10 municipalities serving 89,000 population. Table Mi-3.—Miami River Basin: Sources of significant pollution including industrial waste expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Municipality Stream Miles above mouth of Popula- tion con- nected Treatment Sewered popula- tion equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Miami River to sewers Un- treated Dis- charged 8 12, 700 86, 500 69, 900 56,800 6,600 29,300 3,000 375,500 27,100 omplete 12,700 86,500 69,900 1 53, 400 6,600 29, 300 35 54,600 35, 000 4,000 5, 300 1,800 3,000 250,000 2. 500 None- 53.6 61.3 Secondary None Miamisburg.. . 68.6 72 76.4 Secondary 500 Dayton ' _ 82.4 40,600 l 22, 900 d. Tion Citv._ 104.5 1 Sewage-treatment plant, under construction at time of laboratory survey (1939), now FIG. MI-2 SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT IN THOUSANDS SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT IN THOUSANDS (BOD.) LEGEND [—Indicates pollution removed by treatment MILES TO MOUTH -MIAMI R.IVER. Sewage Treatment Plant under Construction at time of Laboratory Survey (1939),now completed. NOTE: Data plotted are for September -1939 FIGUR.E Mi-2 MIAMI RIVER. SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND SELECTED LA60RAT0R.Y RESULTS OHIO RIVER. POLLUTION SURVEY U S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (Face p.608) GPO-43 0 -90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 609 Table Mi-3.—Miami River Basin: Sources of significant pollution including industrial waste expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand)—Continued Municipality Stream Miles above mouth of Miami River Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treatment Sewered popula- tion equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Un- treated Dis- charged Troy - ... Miami River. 113.1 122.1 134.8 114 152 165 59 65 81 55 67 111 126 119 125 139 147 154 9,800 15. 800 9. 500 1,000 Chemical precipi- tation. 19, 800 37, 500 11, 900 3,100 5. 800 9,000 9.800 28, 000 3, 300 6,500 3, 200 59,000 23, 700 3,000 3,400 11,000 2.800 4,700 39,100 1 9,900 i 18,800 11, 900 500 5.800 1,400 9.800 1,200 3,300 1,000 500 38,000 19,000 2 3,000 3, 400 2,200 2, 800 700 27,200 Secondary DeGrafl Buckingahelas Creek 9. 000 9,800 28, 000 300 6, 500 3,200 59, 000 6,000 1, 400 500 7.100 300 1.100 26, 000 Secondary Conners ville W est Fork W hitewater R i ver. East Fork Whitewater River. . ...do Secondary New Madison - Fourmile Creek Secondary Springfield Primary.. Secondary Covington Stillwater River ... Secondary Secondary Various... Total 550, 500 952, 000 482, 700 1 Sewage-treatment plant, under construction at time Of laboratory survey (1939), now completed. * Sewage-treatment plant, under construction (1941). Industrial waste.—Eighty-six industrial plants, wholly or partly unconnected to municipal treatment, are summarized in table Mi-4. Numerous waste producing industrial plants discharge to municipal treatment facilities, particularly at Dayton, Ohio, where an industrial load of about 120,000 reaches the treatment plant. The industrial waste load in the basin, as biological oxygen demand, totals about 401,000 population equivalent. Table Mi-4 .-—Miami River Basin: Summary of industrial wastes not discharging to municipal treatment plants, with total of entire industrial waste load in the basin Number Industrial waste disposal At least minor Estimated sewered population equivalent (biochem- ical oxygen demand) Industry of plants Munic- ipal sewers Private outlets tive measures taken Ohio: Canning 10 2 8 4 22, 700 3,200 Meat 6 2 4 2 Metal 8 4 4 3 Milk 14 7 7 3 1,500 167,000 36, 800 Paper 21 6 16 17 Miscellaneous 10 6 4 4 Total 69 26 43 33 231,200 Indiana: Canning 4 0 4 2 4,100 Metal 11 8 3 6 2 1 1 Total 17 9 8 7 4,100 Waste unconnected municipal treatment 86 36 61 40 235, 300 166,200 401, 500 610 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Presentation of Laboratory Data Laboratory data for the Miami River Basin are presented in table Mi-7 (p. 618). All samples on the Whitewater River and along the Miami River from Miamisburg to the mouth wei'e analyzed at the Cincinnati laboratory from one to three times monthly during the period February 1939 to April 1940. Six stations immediately above Dayton and six stations below Dayton’s sewage treatment plant were sampled from three to five times monthly and analyzed by personnel of the Dayton plant during the period June to December, 1939. All remaining points were sampled from one to three times by a mobile laboratory unit in September 1939. Selected monthly average results at some of the principal points in the basin are tabulated with flows on sampling days and during the minimum month of record in table Mi-5. In general, the results selected represent the lowest flow conditions during the sampling period. Table Mi-5.—Miami River Basin: Selected laboratory data River Miami Miami Miami Miami Miami Miami Miami at Day- at Day- at Day- ton ton ton Location Above Below Above One-half 5 miles Above Below Sidney Sidney Outfall mile below Miamis- Miamis- below burg burg River miles above mouth of 136 134 83 82 77.5 71.6 66.5 Miami. Period, 1939 Septem- Septem- Septem- Septem- Septem- October October ber ber ber ber ber Number of samples 3 2 4 4 4 2 2 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days- _ __ 72 66 313 540 540 22 22 226 Water temperature, °C 17.7 17.5 24.4 24.2 23.3 17.8 17.8 26 6,650 680 635 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 8.3 7.5 6.5 7.2 4.8 6.9 5.0 Biological oxygen demand, 5- day, parts per million 3.3 7.6 5.4 10.0 5.8 3.2 4.3 River Miami Miami Miami Miami Miami Miami Miami Location Above Below Above Below Above Below Cleves Franklin Franklin Middle- Middle- Hamil- Hamil- Bridge town town ton ton River miles above mouth of Miami 62.8 59.6 57 50.8 35.9 30.4 4.2 Period, 1939 October October October October Septem- Septem- Septem- ber ber ber Number of samples 2 2 2 2 3 3 6 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 655 655 560 660 747 747 696 286 286 Water temperature, °C 17.3 17.3 15.5 18.0 24.2 23.5 21.8 Coliforms per milliliter 190 24, 800 126 660 140 6,200 41 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 7.2 4.3 8.2 4.2 6.4 4.0 8.3 Biological oxygen demand, 5- day, parts per million. 4.0 7.8 3.1 8.6 4.6 7.3 4.0 LEGEND Average Coliform Results at Sampling Stations. Symbol Mos» P,obobl« numbtr par ml. (Face p.610) No. 1 GPO- 43 0 - 90035 Under 25 26- 50 5 I -IOO 101-200 Over 200 MIAMI-LITTLE MIAMI BASINS COLIFORM RESULTS Fig. Mi-3 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig. Mi-3 i S CP iZ LEGEND Average Dissolved Oxygen Results at Sampling Stations Symbol Dissolved Oxygen p.p.m | (Face p.610) No. 2 GPO ■ 43 0 - 90035 Over 6.5 5.1 *0 6.5 3.1 *0 5.0 0.1 to 3.0 0.0 v Fig. Mi-4 J MIAMI-LITTLE MIAMI BASINS DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig. Mi-5 LEGEND Average B. 0. D. Results at Sampling Stations Symbol p. p.m. (Normal Somplos) O O.o to 3.0 3 3.1 to 5.0 0 v • r 5.0 Fig. Mi-5 MIAMI-LITTLE MIAMI BASINS BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 (Face p. 610) No. 3 GPO - 43 0 - 90035 611 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Mi-5.—Miami River Basin: Selected laboratory data—Continued River Location... River miles above: Confluence with Miami Mouth of Miami Period, 1939 Still- water Above Coving- ton 34 120 Septem- ber Still- water Below Coving- ton 32 118 Septem- ber Still- water Mouth 0 86 Septem- ber Mad Above Urbana 42 127 Septem- ber Mad Below Urbana 40 125 Septem- ber Mad Above Spring- field 27 112 Septem- ber Mad Below Spring- field 26 111 Septem- ber Number of samples 2 2 4 2 2 3 2 Plow in cubic feet per second: Sampling davs. 12 12 65 65 185 199 Minimum month . 40 40 114 114 Water temperature, °C 19.0 20.0 21.7 16.8 17.5 14.8 17.3 Coliforms per milliliter 13 1,900 178 15 219 152 235 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million _ _ 6.0 4.0 7.3 8.7 8.3 8.2 5.7 Biological oxygen demand, 5- day, parts per million 2.2 2.4 2.3 1.4 2.3 2.1 4.2 River West West East East White- White- White- fork fork fork fork water water water White- White- White- White- at Brook- at Brook- at Brook- water water water water ville ville ville Location. Above Below Above Below West East Below Conners- Conners- Rich- Rich- fork fork ville ville mond mond above above River miles above: Confluence with Miami 57 66 61 60 28 28 26 Mouth of Miami 62 61 66 65 33 33 31 Period, 1939 Septem- Septem- October October Septem- Septem- Septem- ber ber ber ber ber Number of samples 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Plow in cubic feet per second: 69 69 37 37 140 47.1 47. 1 95.5 Water temperature, °C 16.5 19.0 23.0 22.0 17.5 18.5 18.0 Coliforms per milliliter 4 460 240 240 4 24 240 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 8.2 7.2 5.0 5.7 8.2 8.0 8.2 Biological oxygen demand, 5- day, parts per million 1.2 2.0 1.6 2.1 .9 1.1 .9 Stream-flow conditions varied from high discharges in the spring and early summer of 1939 and the early spring of 1940 to moderately low discharges in the late summer and winter of 1939-40. Bad ice conditions were present in January 1940. Spot symbol maps showing the average coliform, dissolved oxygen, and oxygen demand results are shown in figures Mi-3, Mi-4, and Mi-5, respectively. The results represent the most unfavorable monthly averages observed at each station sampled over a period of several months and the average of all samples at each station sampled for less than 1 month. In the basin as a whole, 55 percent of all stations had an average coliform count of more than 200 per milliliter for at least 1 month during the period of observation; 26 percent of all stations had most unfavorable average counts of from 50 to 200 per milliliter; and 19 percent of all stations had coliform averages of less than 50 per milli- liter for the most unfavorable monthly average condition during the period of observation. The highest counts were observed below Bellefontaine. High coliform counts also were observed below Piqua, 612 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Greenville, and Springfield and along the main stream from Dayton to below Hamilton. Moderately high counts were found below Rich- mond, Connersville, and Brookville on the Whitewater River. Coli- form counts are omitted from the results of those samples examined at the Dayton sewage-treatment plant as these results were expressed in the Phelps’ index instead of most probable number as were all other results. Coliform counts at stations immediately above sources of pollution were lowest during the period September 1939 to January 1940, coinciding with the fall and winter low-flow period. The coli- form counts at stations immediately below sources of pollution were more erratic in this respect. The dissolved oxygen results, considering the basin as a whole, were fairly good. Minimum monthly averages were generally in excess of 6.5 parts per million. Except at Bellefontaine, where zero dissolved oxygen was found, the lowest averages observed were over 3.0 parts per million. The lowest values were found during the months of June to October, when temperatures and oxygen-demand values were highest. The most consistently low values were found in the stretch from Dayton to below Hamilton on the main river. The highest monthly average biochemical oxygen demand results at 36 percent of the stations were in excess of 5.0 parts per million. At 38 percent of the stations the most unfavorable monthly average was between 3.1 and 5.0 parts per million and at 26 percent of the stations it was 3.0 or less. The station immediately below Bellefontaine had the highest biochemical oxygen demand observed in the basin, 36.6 parts per million. The station below Piqua was next, with 15.6 parts per million. Oxygen demands of from 4 to 6 parts per million were general throughout the period of observation in the Miami River from Dayton to the mouth. On the Whitewater River results were generally les& than 3.0 parts per million and often less than 1.0 part per million. The highest values observed at Richmond, Connersville, and Brook- ville followed the ice conditions of January 1940. Biological summary.—The flora and fauna of the Miami River were found to be abundant in species and number, especially in the stretch below Dayton. This is due to the population concentration in the cities along the stream. The average volume of plankton at the various stations along the main stream ranged from 3,000 to 8,000 parts per million, a high concentration of plankton. The plankton volume of the tributaries—the Whitewater, Stillwater, and Mad Rivers—was found to be less than 3,000 parts per million. Hydrometric Data Twenty-six stream-gaging stations have been maintained on the Miami River Basin for varying periods, 14 of which are in operation at the present time. Two active stations are in Indiana and all other stations, active and inactive, are in Ohio. Eight stations of im- portance from the pollution standpoint have been selected and the monthly mean summer flows for 3 years in which the low summer flows have occurred are presented in table Mi-6. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 613 Fig . M i - 6 FIGURE Mi-6 SUMMER LOW FLOW FREQUENCY CURVES MIAMI R. AT DAYTON S H AM I LT0N,0 H I 0 For Period 1913-39 at Dayton 1910-40 at Hamilton Percent of Years Minimum Monthly Mean Discharge Equaled or Exceeded. (Only J une - J u ly-August-September considered) 614 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Figure Mi-6 presents summer low-flow frequency curves from June to September, inclusive, for the Miami River at Dayton and Hamilton, Ohio. These curves indicate that the frequency with which various minimum monthly mean flows may be expected is as follows: Location Minimum monthly mean summer flows in cubic feet per second that may be expected once in— 1 year 2 years 5 years 10 years Minimum 1, 770 2,800 450 320 280 240 Hamilton, Ohio - ... 740 490 410 310 Table Mi-6.—Miami River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred River Miami Miami Miami Miami Hamilton Dayton Taylors- ville Sidney River mile.1? above month of Miami _ 35 82 94 135 3,539 2,510 1,160 545 Period of record... 1910-40 1915-40 1922-40 1914-40 1930 1932 1932 1932 June.. ...cubic feet per second.. 845 1,220 430 227 July do 492 1,120 371 118 August do 458 323 84 38 September do 589 311 80 38 Year 1934 1934 1934 1934 June.. ...cubiafeet per second.. 445 336 146 53 July.... do 482 263 101 1 25 Aueust do 582 399 175 38 September. do 357 i 240 73 28 1936 1936 1936 1936 June .. .cubic feet per second.. 620 430 125 61 July... do 1 335 254 i 71 40 August ... do 391 255 73 34 September _do 516 326 97 38 River . ..... . .... White- Twin Mad River Stillwater water Creek Location Brook- German- Spring- Pleasant ville town 'field Hill River miles above: Confluence with Miami 27 7 26 28 32 67 111 115 Drainage area, square miles 1,190 275 485 502 Period of record 1928-40 1914-40 1914-40 1916-26, 1935-40 Year 1930 1928 1923 1924 June.. ...cubic feet per second.. 257 522 276 2,120 July do 141 216 196 137 August... .do 102 30 210 35 September. .do 201 12 174 24 1934 1930 1934 1935 June ...cubie feet per second.. 161 25 130 232 July.... ...do 136 9 115 102 Aueust 164 1 6 1,50 30 September. do 1 111 15 1 114 30 1936 1936 1936 1936 June.. .. cubic feet per second.. 226 23 192 44 July.... 139 12 137 29 163 27 137 1 24 September. do 509 89 201 26 1 Minimum month. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 615 Proposed stream control.—A study to determine the feasibility of adapting the five existing Miami Conservancy District flood-control reservoirs in the comprehensive flood-control plan for the Ohio River is being made in connection with a survey report being prepared by the United States Engineer Department. A study also is being made to determine the feasibility of constructing two or more reservoirs on the Whitewater River watershed in this same survey report. Con- sideration is being given in these studies to the operation of the reser- voirs for pollution abatement. The Whitewater River reservoirs would have little value for pollution abatement since the unregulated flow below is large enough to eliminate the need for more than primary treatment. The need for flow regulation on the lower Miami is discussed in the following section of this report. Discussion The principal pollution problem in the Miami River Basin is on the Miami River from Dayton to a point near the mouth. A lesser pollution problem exists on the upper Miami River below Sidney where pollution affects the water supply of Piqua. Minor pollution problems, of primarily local significance, exist at various points below 14 moderate-sized and small municipalities. Corrective measures at these points are included in the cost estimates, but discussion is not included. MAIN MIAMI RIVER BELOW DAYTON Between Dayton and Hamilton, the most seriously polluted sec- tion, the Miami River receives wastes from a sewered population equivalent of about 300,000. Two large tributaries, Twin Creek and Fourmile Creek, enter the river in this section with beneficial effects on the quality of the water of the main stream. Pollution is due almost entirely to the discharge of sewage and industrial wastes at Dayton, West Carrollton, Miamisburg, Franklin, Middletown, and Hamilton. Dayton, and more recently Franklin, have constructed plants for the secondary treatment of sewage. The other cities have no sewage-treatment plants at the present time. At Franklin a con- siderable amount of industrial wastes enters the Miami directly with- out treatment. During the low-water month of September 1939 the Miami River above Dayton had a high biochemical oxygen demand (5.4 parts per million), but the dissolved oxygen was satisfactory for all uses. Pollu- tion appeared to be assimilated without serious nuisance in the stream with the small dilution available, due probably to oxygen demand re- duction by sedimentation behind dams, reaeration over the six dams and because of the distance between points of waste discharge (8 to 12 miles) permitting partial recovery between sources of pollution. Despite the absence of gross nuisances from pollution, the dissolved oxygen fell to 5.0 parts per million or less below every city of conse- quence in this stretch of the river. The minimum was 4.0 parts per million below Hamilton. A number of factors make it extremely difficult, for the present at least, to secure a high degree of restoration of the Miami River from below Dayton to the mouth. These factors include the residual pollution load represented by the treatment plant effluent at Dayton, 616 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL which cannot be appreciably reduced except at excessive cost: the presence of sewage from other communities from which there will always be some residual pollution even following treatment; and the discharge of industrial wastes for which only limited methods of treatment are now available. The paper pulp and paper industry is an important contributor of organic pollution in this area. Considerable progress has already been made toward controlling this pollution. In certain cases further corrective steps can be taken such as the use of closed water systems, the installation of save-alls and waste treatment. Considera- tion of the paper and other types of industry in this area, and the experience in treating similar wastes elsewhere, leads to the con- clusion that treatment may reduce the industrial pollution load pos- sibly 30 percent by proven methods, or from 157,100 to 111,000, based on oxygen demand sewered population equivalent. Reduction in suspended solids might be greater. As part of the present indus- trial pollution load represents a residual after treatment, such loads cannot readily be further reduced at a reasonable cost. Lower flows than those which occurred in September 1939 occur frequently at Dayton. Normal population and industrial growth in the future will increase the pollution load in this area. The addition of secondary treatment at Dayton in 1939 went far in correcting pollution in the Miami River below this community. Even with complete treatment, the river below Dayton will have to be relied upon to supplement artificial purification by natural proc- esses, so that a section of varying length below this community is still, and probably will continue to be, a critical section as regards oxygen balance. Above Miamisburg, about 11 miles below the Dayton sewer outfall, natural recovery raises the dissolved oxygen temporarily to a satisfactory level (6.9 parts per million). In the low-flow month of September 1939 pollution below this point reduced the dissolved oxygen successively to 5.0, 4.3, 4.2, and 4.0 parts per million with satisfactory dissolved oxygen recovery below each suc- cessive entrance of pollution. This pollution is capable of con- siderable reduction by known economical methods. In view of the above facts, it appears impractical to attempt further improvement of the stream immediately below Dayton. However, improvement of the river below Miamisburg and lower points appears possible and justified. Primary treatment of sewage at Hamilton, Middletown, Miamis- burg, and West Carrollton, in addition to certain treatment and other corrective measures for industrial wastes should greatly improve the lower river. Except during abnormally dry years, this improvement should be sufficient for all present and reasonable future uses of the stream including the support of all but the highest type of fish. While secondary treatment of sewage would further reduce the pollution, it is doubtful, due to the present limitations in possible economical methods for treatment of industrial wastes, if any useful purpose or valuable improvement commensurate with the cost of such treatment would result. Prim ary-treatment works, built with a view to addition of secondary treatment facilities at a later date, are amply warranted. Research should be applied to the development of more efficient methods of OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 617 industrial-waste treatment. Should such methods be developed, secondary treatment of sewage might well be justified. The possibility of low-flow regulation as a means of improving conditions in this area has been considered. Reservoir sites of the size necessary to afford much regulation of value to the lower Miami are practically limited to the ones already constructed by the Miami Conservancy District. These flood-control reservoirs have no perma- nent pools and unregulated outlets. The United States Engineer Department is now studying the feasibility of providing outlet control works at these dams. If, by using these reservoirs for low-flow regulation, flows ranging from about 400 cubic feet per second at Dayton to about 700 cubic feet per second at Hamilton could be provided during the summer months, stream conditions could be greatly improved. The program of sewage and industrial-waste treatment outlined above would still be necessary, but the need for more complete treatment would be deferred or possibly eliminated. Relatively large storage capacities would be required to provide the necessary supplemental low flow. SIDNEY One of the few surface-water supplies on the Miami River Basin is at Piqua. Water is taken from the main Miami River about 13 miles below Sidney. A high standard of water quality should be main- tained to safeguard this water supply. Under the circumstances, secondary treatment of all wastes at Sidney as justified to take the place of the present discharge of untreated sewage. MISCELLANEOUS POLLUTION A number of minor sources of wastes on the Miami River and its tributaries cause serious pollution of primarily local significance. Remedial measures appear justified at Connersville and New Madison in the Whitewater River Basin, Springfield and Urbana in the Mad River Basin, and Bradford and Ansonia in the Stillwater River Basin. Some industrial-waste correction is needed at most of these places. Cost estimates for remedial measures for pollution abatement sug- gested, as justified by the stream uses are summarized on table Mi-1. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Miami River, above Degraff, Ohio.. Mi 153 r. Sept. 21,1939 62 17.5 7.1 73.5 5.6 23 8.2 100 5 156 395 Jacket Creek, bridge on US 33, above MiBuJ 171 Sept. 13,1939 24 18.0 0 0 19.5 15,000 7.6 Bellefontaine, Ohio. Jacket Creek, }£ mile southwest of MiBuJ 170 do 20.0 0 0 25.0 ' 110,000 7.5 10 400 Bellefontaine, Ohio. Do do Sept. 19,1939 Sept. 21,1939 15.0 0 o 36.2 3.4 240,000 930 7.5 7.8 41 10 Buckongahelas Creek, above De- MiBu 153.. 15.0 4.4 43.3 284 graff, Ohio. Miami River below Degraff, Ohio . Mi 151 do 62 17.5 7.4 77.3 4.5 3.7 2.1 3.9 3.9 8.4 93 43 9 46 24 11,000 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.4 8.3 8.1 102 162 200 270 238 Miami River, above Quincy, Ohio. . Mi 150 do 17.5 7. 5 78. 2 Miami River, above Sidney, Ohio Mi 136 Sept. 13,1939 19.0 9.0 96.5 38 93 76 25 Do do Sept. 19,1939 Sept. 22,1939 Sept. 13,1939 19 0 7.9 7.9 84.9 77.9 79.3 Do do 15.0 Miami River, 1 mile south on U. S. Mi 134 20.0 7.3 270 Route 25, Sidney, Ohio. Do.. Sept. 22,1939 Sept. 19,1939 15.0 7 7 75.8 109.1 6.8 5.8 2,300 28 8.1 8.2 83 41 Miami River, 34 mile above Piqua, Mi 122 20.5 9.9 Ohio. Do Sept. 21,1939 Sept. 25,1939 Sept. 13,1939 20.0 9.3 8.3 10.8 101.2 90.6 120.1 3.2 3.8 2.1 23 240 93 8.3 8.3 8.3 48 43 35 245 235 257 Do do 20. 0 Miami River, bridge, U.S.Route25, Mi 121.5 74 21.0 above Piqua, Ohio. Miami River, lower city limits, Mi 120 do 74 21.0 7.6 84.6 7.6 2,400 8.1 25 260 Piqua, Ohio. Miami River, 1 mile below city Mi 119 Sept. 19,1939 21.5 5.2 58.9 11.8 24,000 7.8 64 limits, Piqua, Ohio. Do Sept. 21,1939 Sept. 25,1939 Sept. 14,1939 20.0 4.5 6.1 10.7 49.0 67.5 132.2 20.5 14.4 5 0 2.300 9.300 36 110 36 43 6.7 7.4 8.3 8.2 8.2 8.0 155 65 35 35 34 25 150 200 254 Do 21.0 Miami River, above Troy, Ohio Mi 113.5 27.0 Do Sept. 18,1939 Sept. 22,1939 Sept. 14.1939 21.0 7.9 9.8 7.1 87.7 108.4 88.7 5.4 4.8 3.6 Do 20.5 235 259 Miami River, bridge on Route 70, Mi 113 80 27.5 below Troy, Ohio. Miami River, H mile below Troy, Mi 112.8.... Sept. 22,1939 102 19.0 8.1 86.4 5.2 93 8.4 54 Ohio. Miami River, H mile below Troy, Mi 112.5 Sept. 18,1939 100 21.5 11.4 127.6 8.4 240 8.3 20 Ohio. Miami River, upper edge, Tippe- Mi 105 22.5 255 Sept. 15,1939 6.0 68.1 5.4 23 7.9 48 canoe City, Ohio. Do Sept. 18,1939 19.5 10.5 113.6 6.0 91 8.1 42 Table Mi-7.—Miami River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 619 Miami River, bridge, Route 70, Mi 104 Sept. 15,1939 24.0 4.6 54.4 4.5 460 7.8 37 260 below Tippecanoe City, Ohio. Do ... Sept. 18,1939 19.5 7.8 84.7 5. 5 1,100 8.1 40 Miami River, Needmore Road Mi 89.5 July 6,1939 5.3 2.0 230 500 180 Bridge, above Dayton, Ohio.1 Do do July 13,1939 23.3 6.5 75.3 1.3 23 100 250 Do do July 19| 1939 20.0 7.5 81.8 3.1 230 110 250 Do July 28,1939 25.5 7.9 95.2 4.2 230 50 250 Do do— Aug. 3', 1939 22.8 6.2 71.2 4.0 23 80 180 Do do Aug. 9,1939 23.3 7.2 83.4 7.3 230 95 250 Do Aug. 17,1939 24.4 7.2 85.0 5.6 230 30 280 Do do. Aug. 24,1939 22.2 5.7 64.8 2.3 2,300 50 230 Do Aug. 31,1939 21.7 9.6 108.1 4.0 ' 230 90 300 Do do Sept. 7,1939 23.3 8.5 98.5 5.3 230 95 260 Do Sept. 14,1939 23.9 9.1 106.5 8.3 23 90 280 Do do Sept. 21,1939 19.4 6.9 74.4 5.4 0 70 260 Do do Sept. 28,1939 17.2 8.7 89.7 5.3 0 55 260 Do do Oct. 12,1939 16.0 8.3 3.2 0 60 260 Do do Oct. 19; 1939 12.0 9.7 3.4 23 25 290 Do.. do. Oct. 26,1939 14.0 7.7 3.6 23 40 280 Do... Nov. 2,1939 7.0 8.6 4.3 230 25 260 Do Nov. 9,1939 4.0 10.4 3.3 230 15 260 Do Nov. 15,1939 6.0 9.6 2.5 23 10 280 Do Nov. 24,1939 5.0 9.3 2.2 23 25 300 Do.... Nov. 30,1939 3.0 10.9 2.7 23 10 260 Do Dec. 7,1939 4.0 11.5 3.9 230 25 250 Do Dec. 12,1939 3.0 9.2 .4 23 15 280 Do Dec. 21,1939 2.0 12.0 2.3 230 75 280 Do.. _ ___do Dec. 28,1939 0 12.6 1.4 230 40 290 Miami River, New Troy Pike Mi 87 July 6,1939 4.8 4.5 230 500 170 Bridge, above Dayton, Ohio.1 Do July 13,1939 23.3 6.8 78.8 .5 0 98 250 Do July 19; 1939 21.1 7.6 84.6 2.8 230 100 250 Do July 28,1939 25.5 9.8 118.1 2.5 230 120 230 Do Aug. 3,1939 23.9 9.1 106.6 3.5 230 90 190 Do Aug. 9,1939 22.2 7.8 88.6 7.3 230 85 240 Do Aug. 17,1939 24.4 8.0 94.5 6.4 230 50 280 Do Aug. 24,1939 23.9 6.4 74.9 1.0 230 75 230 Do Aug. 31,1939 23.3 11.6 134.4 7.3 230 95 260 Do Sept. 7,1939 24.4 9.0 106.3 9.5 230 85 250 Do do Sept. 14,1939 24.4 11.6 136.9 9.0 23 85 250 Do Sept. 21,1939 19.4 9.2 99.1 5.6 230 70 250 Do.... Sept. 28,1939 17.2 12.6 129.9 8.9 23 65 240 Do Oct. 12; 1939 16.0 8.5 2.6 230 50 260 Do Oct. 19,1939 13.0 11.0 3.1 23 25 280 Do Oct. 26,1939 15.0 8.7 4.2 23 30 290 Do Nov. 2,1939 7.0 8.5 2.9 230 15 280 Do Nov. 9,1939 4.0 10.2 3.2 230 10 260 Do Nov. 15,1939 6.0 11.6 1.7 23 10 270 Do Nov. 24,1939 5.0 9.3 2.7 0 20 290 Do Nov. 30,1939 4.0 10.8 2.7 0 10 260 Do Dec. 7.1939 4.0 11.6 2.1 23 10 250 1 Results submitted by Dayton sewage treatment plant. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Miami River, New Troy Pike Mi 87-. Dec. 14,1939 2.0 11.7 3.7 23 10 280 Bridge, above Dayton, Ohio.1 Do do Dec. 21,1939 2.0 12.6 2.3 230 50 300 Do do Dec. 28,1939 0 12.3 .5 23 25 280 Stillwater River, \i mile above Cov- MiSt 120 Sept. 15,1939 23.0 5.5 63.2 2.2 2 8.0 51 292 ington, Ohio. Do do Sept. 20,1939 15.0 6.4 63. 5 2.1 24 8 0 70 Dismal Creek, below sewage, below MiStGD 154 — Aug. 15,1939 2 28.0 6.3 79.4 4.8 460 7.8 10 236 264 Union City, Ohio. Do do Aug. 22,1939 1 20. 5 .8 9.3 9.1 11,000 7 9 g 402 Do do Aug. 29,1939 1 24.0 1.6 18.3 -13.2 46,000 7 7 12 379 Greenville Creek, 1 mile west of MiStG 140 Sept. 13,1939 19.5 6.1 65.7 2.9 15 8.0 37 282 Greenville, Ohio. Do _ ___do Sept. 20,1939 15.0 6.9 67.6 3.4 23 8 1 49 Do do Sept. 25; 1939 19.0 9.2 98.9 3.4 43 8 2 28 290 Greenville Creek, \\i miles east, MiStG 138 Sept. 13,1939 20.0 3.8 41.8 4.2 11,000 7.8 25 269 bridge, U. S. 36, Greenville, Ohio. Do do Sept. 20,1939 15. 5 3.7 36. 4 5.1 2,300 7 8 49 Do do Sept. 25,1939 20.5 5.8 64.3 2. 3 360 7.8 37 270 Stillwater River, 1 mile below Cov- MiSt 118 Sept. 15,1939 23.0 3.2 37.2 2.7 2,900 7.8 28 274 ington, Ohio. Do Sept. 20,1939 17.0 4.8 49. 7 2.1 910 7.9 33 Stillwater River, Vi mile above West MiSt 104 Sept. 15,1939 22.5 8.2 93.1 3.0 23 8.0 37 243 Milton, Ohio. Do do Sept. 20,1939 18.5 7.1 75.4 3.0 46 8 1 58 Stillwater River, H mile below West MiSt 103 Sept. 15,1939 22.5 6.9 78.6 3.0 93 7.9 51 255 Milton, Ohio. Do do Sept. 20,1939 19.5 7.6 82.2 4. 2 93 7.9 64 Stillwater River, Siebenthaler Bridge, MiSt 89.5 July 6,1939 7.5 2.1 0 15 280 above Dayton, Ohio.1 Do July 13,1939 24.4 7.0 82.6 .7 o Do July 19,1939 21.1 7.3 81.3 2.1 23 90 Do July 28,1939 25.5 7.6 91.6 2.1 230 50 ?30 Do do Aug. 3,1939 23.3 7.3 84.6 1. 5 23 85 Do do Aug. 9,1939 24.4 7.6 89.7 7.3 230 87 270 Do Aug. 17,1939 24.4 8.2 96.8 4. 4 23 30 Do do Aug. 2< 1939 23.9 9.4 110.1 1.0 o 35 Do Aug. 31,1939 22.8 8.9 102.2 2. 5 230 Do Sept. 7,1939 26.1 7.5 91. 5 5.8 23 60 Do do. Sept. 14,1939 24.4 7.4 87.4 Lost 23 30 1 260 Table Mi-7.—Miami River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—-Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 621 Do.. Sept. 21,1939 19. 4 7.7 83.0 2. 9 23 15 240 Do do Sept. 28,1939 17.2 7.9 81. 4 2.7 0 25 270 Do. Oct. 12,1939 15.0 6.9 .9 0 50 250 Do Oct. 19,1939 13.0 10.2 4.1 23 15 280 Do Oct. 26; 1939 15.0 10.2 5.2 0 15 250 Do ___._do . Nov. 2,1939 7.0 10.6 2. 4 0 15 290 Do Nov. 9,1939 4.0 11.3 3.2 230 0 200 Do... do Nov. 15,1939 6.0 11.6 2.1 0 10 200 Do Nov. 24,1939 5.0 11. 8 2.4 23 10 200 Do Nov. 30,1939 4.0 10.4 1. 2 0 10 200 Do _ ___do Dec. 7,1939 5.0 12.9 2.7 2 10 270 Do do Dec. 14,1939 3.0 12.4 1.7 23 10 270 Do Dec. 21,1939 1.0 13.0 1.8 23 25 270 Do do Dec. 28j 1939 0 13. 5 . 6 2 25 280 Stillwater River, Peter’s Pike Bridge, MiSt 86.0 July 6; 1939 6.4 1.7 230 15 270 above Dayton, Ohio.1 Do do July 13,1939 23.3 6.5 75.3 1.0 230 10 250 Do do July 19,1939 21.1 7.0 78.0 2.4 23 110 250 Do.. July 28; 1939 25.5 7.0 84. 3 23 25 240 Do Aug. 3,1939 22.2 6.4 72.7 3.0 23 100 190 Do do__ Aug. 9,1939 23.3 6.8 86.2 7.7 230 85 200 Do.. Aug. 17', 1939 24.4 7.3 86. 2 3.6 23 50 200 Do Aug. 24,1939 23.9 7.4 86.7 1.3 23 35 200 Do do.. Aug. 31,' 1939 21.7 7.8 87.8 4.0 23 85 200 Do Sept. 7,1939 24.4 7.5 88.5 2.3 230 100 270 Do Sept. 14,1939 23.3 7.1 82.3 2.8 23 30 200 Do. Sept. 21,1939 17.8 6.8 71.0 2. 2 230 20 250 Do do.. Sept. 28,' 1939 21.1 7.7 85. 7 2.0 230 10 300 Do Oct. 12; 1939 15.0 7.9 2. 6 230 90 240 Do. Oct. 19,1939 13.0 10.1 3.0 2 30 200 Do Oct. 26, 1939 14.0 8.5 3.9 0 30 250 Do Nov. 2,1939 7.0 10.2 2. 2 230 15 280 Do Nov. 9,1939 3.0 11.6 1. 7 23 15 270 Do Nov. 15,1939 6.0 10.9 1. 8 0 10 200 Do Nov. 24; 1939 5.0 11.1 1.8 23 10 270 Do Nov. 30,1939 4.0 11.3 1.7 23 15 270 Do Dec. 7,1939 3.0 12.3 1.9 23 10 200 Do Dec. 14,1939 2.0 13. 5 4.0 0 10 280 Do Dec. 21,1939 2.0 12.7 1.9 23 25 270 Do Dec. 28,1939 1.0 13.0 .7 23 25 280 Mad River, bridge, U. S. 36, above MiM 127 Sept. 14,1939 20.0 8.9 97. 5 1.4 15 7.9 10 299 Urbana, Ohio. Do Sept. 18,1939 13.5 8.5 80.7 1.4 15 7 9 18 Mad River, mile from Route 0-55, MiM 125 Sept. 14; 1939 21.5 7.9 89.0 2.6 430 7.9 10 303 below Urbana, Ohio. Do Sept. 18,1939 13. 5 8.6 81.9 1.9 7 7 8 10 Mad River, bridge, Route 70, above MiM 112 Sept. 12; 1939 18.5 8.3 87.8 2.4 210 7.8 25 248 Springfield, Ohio. Do Sept. 18,1939 14.0 8.0 77.0 1.9 210 8 0 10 Do do Sent. 22. 1939 12.0 8.4 77.7 2.0 36 7.9 5 250 1 Results submitted by Dayton sewage treatment plant. 622 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Mad River, J4 mile south, off Route MiM 111 Sept. 12,1939 18.5 6.1 64.8 4 1 240 7.8 30 289 40, below Springfield, Ohio. Do.. do Sept. 18,1939 16.0 5 3 *53 1 4 4 Mad River, 1 mile south off Route 40, MiM 110.5.. Sept. 12| 1939 199 18.0 5.6 58. 7 3.8 1,100 7. 8 52 293 below Springfield, Ohio. Mad River, bridge on Route 40, MiM 110 Sept. 12,1939 190 16.0 8.4 84.2 2.4 460 7.8 10 287 below Springfield, Ohio. Mad River, Harshmanville Bridge, MiM 85 July 6,1939 6.6 5.3 230 100 270 Dayton, Ohio.1 Do July 13,1939 21.1 6.3 70 2 2 1 230 Do July 19,1939 21.1 7. 8 86 9 2 8 230 Do July 28,1939 22.2 9 2 104 5 2 3 23 Do Aug. 3,1939 23.3 6. 5 75 3 4 0 23 Do .... Aug. 9,1939 21.1 7. 9 88 0 fi 8 230 Do Aug. 17,1939 22. 8 9 3 106 8 4 0 23 Do .. Aug. 24,1939 20.0 9.1 99 2 • 8 23 Do ... Aug. 31,1939 20.0 10 9 118 9 2 3 23 Do Sept. 7,1939 22. 2 10 4 118 2 1 3 Do Sept. 14,1939 21.1 9.8 104 3 2 3 0 Do Sept. 21,1939 18.3 8. 4 88 6 1 0 23 Do Sept. 28,1939 16.1 9 2 92.7 1 8 23 Do Oct. 12,1939 15.0 8. 3 1 4 23 Do Oct. 19,1939 12.0 13. 0 4 1 23 Do Oct. 26,1939 14.0 6. 7 230 Do . . Nov. 2,1939 7.0 10 4 2 0 Do Nov. 9,1939 5.0 12.1 1 8 23 Do Nov. 15,1939 5.0 11.0 1 7 23 Do Nov. 24,1939 6.0 11. 6 1 8 23 Do Nov. 30,1939 6.0 9. 6 2 4 0 Do Dec. 7,1939 5.0 11. 8 1 9 230 Do Dec. 14,1939 4.0 10. 7 2 0 23 Do Dec. 21,1939 3.0 12. 3 1. 2 230 85 Do Dec. 28,1939 2.0 11. 8 4 2 300 Wolf Creek, Gettysburg Bridge, Dav- MiW 85 July 6,1939 6. 5 .2 0 10 250 ton, Ohio.1 Do July 13,1939 21.7 6.7 75 4 . 2 0 Do July 19,1939 20.0 6. 6 72 0 1 7 23 Do July 28,1939 23.3 6.3 73.0 1.3 230 90 240 Table Mi-7.—Miami River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 623 Aug. 3,1939 Aug. 9, 1939 Aug. 17,1939 Aug. 24,1939 Aug. 31,1939 Sept. 7,1939 Sept. 14, 1939 Sept. 21,1939 Sept. 28,1939 Oct. 12,1939 Oct. 19,1939 Oct. 26,1939 Nov. 2,1939 Nov. 9,1939 Nov. 15,1939 Nov. 24,1939 Nov. 30, 1939 Dec. 7,1939 Dec. 14,1939 Dec. 21,1939 Dec. 28,1939 June 14,1939 June 28,1939 July 5,1939 July 12.1939 July 20,1939 July 26,1939 Aug. 4,1939 Aug. 10,1939 Aug. 16,1939 Aug. 23.1939 Aug. 30,1939 Sept. 6,1939 Sept. 13,1939 Sept. 20,1939 Sept. 27,1939 Oct. 4,1939 Oct. 11,1939 Oct. 18,1939 Oct. 27,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Nov. 8,1939 Nov. 16,1939 Nov. 22,1939 Nov. 29,1939 Dee. 6,1939 Dec. 13,1939 Dec. 20.1939 22.8 22.2 22.8 20.0 21.1 21.7 23.3 17.8 21.1 15.0 13.0 14.0 8.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 17.8 24.4 23.3 23.3 21.1 6.9 6.4 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.2 6.7 6.6 8. 1 8.0 9.2 10.0 11.4 10.0 9.2 10.6 12.5 12.0 12.0 8.0 7.8 7.4 7.4 7.5 6.2 7.1 7.2 6.3 6.8 6.8 6.1 5.8 6.9 7.2 8.1 6.0 10.7 6.8 9.3 10.1 10.1 10.0 13.1 12.2 11.2 79.2 72.7 76.9 74.2 78.0 80.0 82.3 75.2 74.6 4 n 1 230 , 50 25 25 25 65 50 25 10 50 10 30 30 25 10 15 10 25 25 20 50 30 190 240 240 220 260 240 240 260 250 250 270 250 270 270 280 260 270 250 270 280 280 Do 3.5 2.0 1.0 .8 .5 1.0 1.0 2.1 .6 1.5 2.0 1.3 .6 1.8 1.6 .9 1.5 2.6 1.1 .9 3.9 2.0 7.0 6.0 3.0 2.5 7. 5 23 1 Do . 23 230 230 230 230 23 23 0 23 23 23 23 23 0 0 23 0 23 0 Do .. Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do . Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Miami River, Broadway St. Bridge, Dayton, Ohio.1 Do Mi 83 1,340 1,960 1, 250 930 930 612 1,480 612 505 612 400 400 340 297 215 255 255 255 865 560 380 340 420 505 463 360 380 288 290 250 240 250 210 240 260 250 230 240 250 250 260 240 250 250 230 260 270 280 260 260 260 260 270 Do Do Do Do Do . 23.3 23.3 24.4 21.7 26.7 27.2 25.0 24.4 21.1 18.3 22.2 14.4 19.4 10.0 3.9 3.3 3.3 6.7 6.7 7.8 8.9 Do 7.7 3.2 3.5 7.8 3.3 8.3 6.0 4.0 5.0 4.8 6.5 4.9 4.1 6.5 5.7 5.1 4.8 5.3 5.1 4.8 Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do_ Do. Do Do . Do Do do 1 Results submitted by Dayton sewage treament plant. 90035—44—pt. 2 31 624 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Miami River, H mile below sewer, Dayton, Ohio.1 Do Mi 82 June 14,1939 June 28,1939 July 5,1939 July 12,1939 July 20,1939 July 26,1939 Aug. 4,1939 Aug. 10,1939 Aug. 16,1939 Aug. 23,1939 Aug. 30,1939 Sept. 6,1939 Sept. 13,1939 Sept. 20,1939 Sept, 27,1939 Oct. 4,1939 Oct. 11,1939 Oct. 18,1939 Oct. 27,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Nov. 8,1939 Nov. 16,1939 Nov. 22,1939 Nov. 29,1939 Dec. 6,1939 Dec. 13,1939 Dec. 20,1939 June 14,1939 June 28,1939 July 5,1939 July 12,1939 July 20,1939 July 26,1939 Aug. 4,1939 Aug. 10,1939 Aug. 16,1939 Aug. 23,1939 18.3 24.4 23.3 23.3 21.1 7.7 7. 6 7.2 7.2 7.3 6.5 6.9 7.1 6.3 6.6 6.7 6.4 7.9 7.3 7.1 6.6 5.9 9.6 6.2 8.4 8.7 9.3 9.9 11.0 10.2 9.8 9.3 7.6 7.8 7.0 7.2 7.2 5.6 6.8 6.7 6.2 6.4 5.4 1.6 8.3 3.5 12.8 2.2 8.0 11.5 4.4 3.3 9.3 3.8 13.0 10.8 12.5 8.5 5.8 9.2 11.0 8.0 3.6 4.0 4.2 8.1 7.4 8.4 8.7 4.2 2.0 9.5 3.8 5.0 2.2 6.8 7.7 3.2 4.5 323 310 330 320 270 230 280 280 280 280 270 290 300 310 270 280 290 270 300 310 300 270 270 280 280 290 Do Do Do Do Do 23.3 23.3 23. 9 22.2 26.1 27.8 25.0 23.3 20.6 18.3 20.6 14.4 19.4 13.3 11.7 8.9 10.6 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 18.3 24.4 23.3 23.3 21.1 Do Do_ Do Do.... Do. Do Do . Do Do Do.... Do Do Do... Do Do Do Do Do Do Do .... Maimi River, 2J4 miles below sewer, Dayton, Ohio.1 Do Mi 80 do __ 350 310 260 250 250 230 270 270 260 Do Do... Do Do Do ._ 23.3 23.3 24.4 22.2 Do. Do.. Do Table Mi-7.—Miami River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 625 Do Aug. 30,1939 Sept. 6,1939 Sept. 13,1939 Sept. 20,1939 Sept. 27,1939 Oct. 4,1939 Oct. 11,1939 Oct. 18,1939 Oct. 27,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Nov. 8,1939 Nov. 16,1939 Nov. 22,1939 Nov. 29,1939 Dec. 6,1939 Dec. 13,1939 Dec. 20,1939 June 14,1939 June 28,1939 July 5,1939 July 12,1939 July 20,1939 July 26,1939 Aug. 4,1939 Aug. 10,1939 Aug. 16,1939 Aug. 23,1939 Aug. 30,1939 Sept. 6,1939 Sept. 13,1939 Sept. 20,1939 Sept. 27,1939 Oct. 4,1939 Oct. 11,1939 Oct. 18,1939 Oct. 27,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Nov. 8,1939 Nov. 16,1939 Nov. 22,1939 Nov. 29,1939 Dec. 6,1939 Dec. 13,1939 Dec. 20,1939 June 14,1939 June 28,1939 July 5,1939 July 12,1939 July 20,1939 t. 26.1 26.1 23.3 23.3 20.6 17.2 21.1 13.3 18.3 10.0 7.2 7.8 7.8 5.6 6.7 7.8 8.9 17.8 24.4 23.3 23.3 21.1 6.8 5.3 5.9 6.3 6.5 7.5 5.0 9.2 6.4 8.9 * 9.4 9.9 9.6 11.0 10.6 9.6 9.0 7.5 7.3 6.9 7.2 7.0 5.5 6.5 6.6 5.8 6.2 7.1 4.5 4.5 5.2 4.9 6.6 4.3 7.7 6.6 8.9 9.1 10.2 9.2 10.8 10.5 9.9 9.3 7.1 6.9 6.7 6.8 7 n 8.0 5.3 8.0 7.8 5.0 6.0 5.3 4.7 4.4 2.6 4.1 4.2 4.6 3.9 3.3 4.7 3.7 3.8 1.8 9.7 6.8 5.3 2.5 7.3 6.2 5.2 5.8 8.3 6.5 6.0 6.0 4.8 8.3 3.0 3.6 4.5 3.4 3.5 4.2 4.4 3.2 3.3 4.9 4.6 4.6 2.0 6.8 5.0 5.0 280 250 260 270 270 260 270 280 240 280 290 290 270 260 270 260 280 Do.... Do Do Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Do Do Do Do. Do Do Do.... Miami River, 5 miles below sewer, Dayton, Ohio.1 Do Mi 77.5 300 315 260 260 270 210 260 270 250 260 260 270 290 280 250 280 280 240 290 290 290 260 260 260 270 280 Do Do Do Do Do 23.3 23.3 24.4 22.2 26.1 26.1 23.3 23.3 20.6 17.2 21.1 13.3 18.3 9.4 9.4 8.3 7.8 6.7 5.6 7.8 8.9 18.3 24.4 23.3 23.3 21.1 Do Do Do... Do Do. Do Do Do Do Do.. Do... Do... Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Miami River, 6 miles below sewer, Dayton, Ohio.1 Do Mi 76.5 337 320 260 250 Do. Do Do 1 Results submitted by Dayton sewage treatment plar 626 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Miami River, 6 miles below sewer, Dayton, Ohio.1 Mi 76 5 July 26,1939 Aug. 4,1939 Aug. 10,1939 Aug. 16,1939 Aug. 23,1939 Aug. 30,1939 Sept. 6,1939 Sept. 13,1939 Sept. 20,1939 Sept. 27,1939 Oct. 4,1939 Oct. 11,1939 Oct. 18,1939 Oct. 27,1939 5.7 3.0 270 23.3 6.4 4.2 23.9 6.7 6.2 260 Do 25.6 5.4 6.4 280 23.3 6.1 3.8 260 Do 26.1 5.7 5.3 260 Do 26. 1 5.6 3.3 250 23.3 5.2 7.3 260 Do 23.3 6.2 5.8 280 Do 20.6 6.3 4.0 270 Do 17.2 6.3 8.0 250 Do 21.1 4.3 2.0 270 Do 13.3 8.2 5.6 270 Do 18.3 6.9 4 0 240 Do Nov. 1,1939 Nov. 8,1939 Nov. 16,1939 Nov. 22,1939 Nov. 29,1939 Dec. 6,1939 Dec. 13,1939 Dec. 20,1939 June 14,1939 June 28,1939 July 5,1939 July 12,1939 July 20,1939 July 26, 1939 Aug. 4,1939 Aug. 10,1939 Aug. 16,1939 Aug. 23,1939 Aug. 30,1939 Sept. 6,1939 Sept. 13,1939 Sept. 20,1939 Sept. 27,1939 10.0 8.5 3.2 270 Do 9.4 8.5 3.5 280 Do 8.9 11.2 5.6 280 Do 8.9 8.8 4.4 260 Do 6.7 10.9 4.0 260 Do 6.1 10.3 4.1 260 Do 7.8 10.4 4. 1 260 Do 8.9 10.0 5.8 280 Miami River, 7H miles below Day- ton sewage, West Carrollton, Ohio.1 Do Mi 75 17.8 7.1 6.0 25.6 6.9 2.3 288 Do 23.3 6.4 13.5 320 Do 23.3 6.7 5.0 270 Dn 21.1 6.9 7.0 250 Tin 13.9 - 6.2 2.7 230 Do 23.3 6.3 5.3 210 Dn 24.4 6.4 9.7 260 Do 25.0 5.5 6.8 230 Do 23.3 6.2 4.5 260 Do 26.1 5. 5 7.0 260 Do. 26.1 6.1 6.0 250 Do 23.3 6.0 7.5 260 Dn 23.3 6.2 5.8 280 Do. 26.1 6.6 6.3 280 Table Mi-7.—Miami River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—'Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 627 Do do Oct. 4,1939 Oct. 11,1939 1 17.2 7.0 7.8 260 Do 21.1 4.9 6.5 270 Do Oct. 18; 1939 Oct. 27,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Nov. 8,1939 Nov. 16,1939 Nov. 22,1939 12.8 9.3 4.7 270 Do 18.3 6.6 4.8 240 Do 10.0 8.3 3.0 280 Do 9.4 8.0 2.9 290 Do 8.9 10.6 4.7 280 Do 8.9 8.7 4.2 260 Do Nov. 29,1939 Dec. 6,1939 Dec. 13,1939 Dec. 20,1939 June 20,1939 June 27,1939 July 11,1939 July 20,1939 Aug. 3,1939 Aug. 17,1939 Aug. 31,1939 Sept. 14,1939 Sept. 28,1939 Oct. 12,1939 Oct. 26,1939 Nov. 9,1939 Dec. 6,1939 Dec. 20,1939 Jab. 5,1940 6.7 11.4 5.3 260 Do 6.7 10.8 4.0 260 Do 7.8 11.8 5.0 260 Do 8.9 9.7 5.8 280 Miami River, above Miamisburg, Ohio. Do Mi 71.6 22. 5 7.6 87.0 3.8 930 25.0 7.5 89.5 2.5 230 Do 25.0 7.3 87.4 1.9 930 Do 22.5 7.3 83.8 2.2 2,400 230 Do 24.5 7.2 85.7 1.9 Do 26.5 6.8 83.9 3.0 91' 8.0 Do 23.5 9.0 104.1 3.5 140 8.1 Do 24.5 7.4 87.0 3.3 110 8.0 Do 21.0 9.5 105.7 4.0 460 8.2 Do 18.5 6.4 68.1 2. 4 930 7.8 Do 17.0 7.4 75.6 4.1 430 8.0 Do 4io 8.5 11.7 99.6 2.2 390 7.6 Do 7.5 11.8 97.8 2.2 150 Do 7.0 9.6 78.6 2.7 36 7.8 Do 1.0 13.4 94.0 3.7 91 7.9 Do Jan. 17,1940 0.0 13.6 92.9 4.5 930 7.6 Do Feb. 2,1940 Feb. 12,1940 Feb. 19,1940 Feb. 26,1940 Mar. 1,1940 Mar. 7,1940 2.0 11.7 84.7 3.2 91 8. 1 Do 3.0 12.8 95.0 6.6 430 7.6 Do 3.5 12.7 95.5 4.6 1,100 7.8 Do 3.0 13.2 98.1 1.9 93 8.0 Do 6.0 12.7 101.4 2.7 93 Do 5.5 12.5 98.9 1.4 93 7.7 Do Mar. 13,1940 Mar. 20,1940 Mar. 28,1940 Apr. 6,1940 Feb. 21,1939 6.5 11.8 95.9 4.6 1,100 7.8 Do 8.5 10.5 89.5 2.4 91 8.0 Do 10.0 11.3 99.7 2.8 91 8.0 Do 15.0 9.9 97.5 2.8 23 8.1 Miami River, bridge in town, Miamisburg, Ohio. Do Mi 69.0 5.0 11.6 90.2 3.8 1,100 240 Feb. 27,1939 Mar. 3,1939 Mar. 7,1939 3.0 12.4 92.2 3.9 Do 2.5 12.8 93.9 2.7 150 Do 5.5 12.4 97.7 2.2 36 Do Mar. 10; 1939 Mar. 13,1939 Mar. 15,1939 Mar. 20,1939 6.0 11.1 88.9 4.5 1,100 Do 6.0 11.7 93.5 4.5 460 Do 8.0 11.2 94.0 2.8 240 Do 5.5 12.0 94.5 2.6 290 Do Mar. 23,1939 Mar. 27,1939 9.0 10.5 90.3 5.0 1,100 Do 12.5 9.3 86.9 3.8 30 Tin Mar. 31,1939 t. 7.0 11.1 91.3 3.7 460 1 Results submitted by Dayton sewage treatment plan OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter PH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Miami River, bridge in town, Mi 69.0 Apr. 4,1939 9.5 10.4 90.5 4.8 43 Miamisburg, Ohio." Do do Apr. 7,1939 6.5 11.4 92.3 4.4 43 Do. do. Apr. 10,1939 10.0 10.7 94.3 3.2 93 Do Apr. 12,1939 8.0 10.9 91.9 4.1 1,100 Do do Apr. 17,1939 10.0 10.8 95.2 3.6 93 Do. do Apr. 20.1939 9.0 11.1 95.9 2.4 150 Do Apr. 26,1939 16.5 8.4 84.9 3.5 1,100 Do do Apr. 28,1939 16.5 8.5 86.6 2.4 91 Do. . do May 1,1939 13.5 9. 5 91.0 1.8 430 Do May 4.1939 14.5 9. 1 88.7 3.0 930 Do. do May 8,1939 19.5 8.3 90.1 3.7 150 Do. do. May 12,1939 17.0 '8.4 86.2 5.3 1,500 Do. do May 16,1939 17.5 8.3 86.4 4.8 73 Do. . do May 19,1939 21.0 7.6 84.9 6.0 91 Do. May 22,1939 21.5 6.8 76.8 4.6 23 Do. do May 24,1939 23.0 6.4 73.4 6.8 23 Do June 2,1939 24.0 5.9 68.9 5.1 2,400 Do. June 5,1939 23.0 7.1 81.5 3.7 2,400 Do June 7,1939 25.5 5.9 71.6 5.5 750 Do. June 13,1939 19.5 7.3 78.7 3.1 230 Do. do June 16,1939 24.0 6.4 75.6 4.8 430 Mi 66.5 June 20,1939 22.0 7.4 84.4 3.4 91 Ohio. Do. June 27,1939 25.0 7.0 83.2 3.6 430 Do July 11,1939 24.0 6.5 76.2 3.4 2,400 Do do June 20.1939 22.0 6.7 76.2 3.3 430 7.9 Do . Aug. 3,1939 24.5 6.4 76.0 2.4 430 Do... Aug. 17,1939 26.0 5. 1 62.0 3.6 430 7.9 Do. Aug. 31,1939 23.5 5.2 61.0 6.0 1,500 7.9 Do.... . Sept. 14,1939 24.5 4.7 55.6 4.9 2,400 7.9 Do Sept. 28,1939 20.5 6.8 64.0 6.7 11,000 8.0 Do Oct. 12,1939 18.6 4.5 47.4 3.6 360 7.8 Do Oct. 26,1939 17.0 5.4 55.9 5.0 910 7.7 Do Nov. 9,1949 410 8.0 9.2 77.3 6.1 2,400 7.8 Do Dec. 6,1939 6.5 11.5 93.6 5.6 930 Do . Dee. 20,1939 7.5 8.4 70.1 4.7 2,400 7.8 Do.... Jan. 5,1940 1.0 11.8 83.1 6.4 750 7.8 Do Jan. 23,1940 0 12.6 86.3 5.1 91 Table Mi-7.—Miami River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 629 Miami River bridge in Franklin, Ohio. Do Mi 61.3 June 20,1939 June 27,1939 22.5 24.5 8.0 7.0 90.9 83.0 3.9 4. 2 2,400 230 Miami River, above Franklin, Ohio.. Mi 62.8 July 11,1939 23.5 7.5 86.9 2.8 230 Do _ July 20,1939 22.0 7.6 85.6 3.1 430 8.2 Do... Aug. 3,1939 24.5 7.1 84.4 2.3 230 Do Aug. 17,1939 26.5 7. 5 92.1 4. 2 36 8.0 Do.. Aug. 31.1939 23.5 7.6 88.0 3.8 2,400 8.0 Do Sept. 14,1939 22.5 7.4 84.0 4.1 110 7.9 Do Sept. 28,1939 20.0 10.8 117.9 5.5 46 8.1 Do Oct. 12,1939 18.0 7.2 75.8 3.5 230 7.8 Do Oct. 26,1939 16.5 7.2 73.1 4. 5 150 7.7 Do Nov. 9,1939 420 7.5 9.0 74.6 3.3 750 7.6 Do Dec. 6,1939 6.5 11.0 89.5 4.6 930 Do Dec. 20,1939 7.0 8.3 68.4 3. 5 150 7.6 Do Jan. 5,1940 0 12.9 88.4 5.7 36 7.8 Do . Jan. 23,1940 0 13.4 91.9 2.8 230 Miami River, below Franklin, Ohio.. Mi 59.6 July 11,1939 23.5 6.7 77.6 3.9 2,400 Do July 20,1939 22.0 7.0 79.8 2.7 91 7.9 Do Aug. 3,1939 25.5 6.3 75.9 3.1 11,000 Do Aug. 17,1939 26.5 6.0 74.3 5.5 2,300 7.9 Do Aug. 31,1939 24.0 7.0 82.4 5.8 910 7.9 Do.. Sept. 14,1939 26.0 5.6 67.5 5.9 11,000 7.9 Do Sept. 28,1939 19.0 6.8 72.2 8.9 ll| 000 7.9 Do Oct. 12,1939 18.0 4.4 46.5 7.2 46,000 7.7 Do Oct. 26,1939 16.5 4.1 41.6 8.5 3, 600 7.6 Do Nov. 9,1939 420 7.5 7.7 64.2 6.6 24,000 7.6 Do. Dec. 6,1939 5.5 9.8 77.2 6.2 24,000 Do Dec. 20,1939 7.0 7.8 64.3 5.4 9, 300 7.7 Do Jan. 5,1940 0 18.6 127.1 18.2 46,000 7.8 Do Jan. 17,1940 0 13.7 93.9 5.6 430 7.6 Do.... Jan. 23,1940 0 13.1 89.4 4.0 360 Do Feb. 2,1940 0 10. 7 73.4 13.8 930 8.0 Do Feb. 26,1940 3.0 13.2 98.1 3.6 150 8.0 Do Mar. 1,1940 4.5 12.6 96.9 4. 7 240 Do Mar. 7,1940 4.0 12.6 95.9 3.5 240 7.8 Do Mar. 13,1940 6.0 11.6 92.5 9. 7 2,400 7.8 Do. Mar. 20,1940 10.0 10.2 90.0 7.3 930 8.0 Do Mar. 28,1940 9.0 10. 5 90.6 9.8 4, 600 7.9 Do Apr. 5,1940 13.5 8.6 81.7 6. 2 910 8.0 Twin Creek, above Germantown, MiT 68 Aug. 31,1939 24 21.0 7.6 84.6 1.1 15 7.9 Ohio. Do Sept. 28,1939 12 17.0 8.4 86.8 .8 4 8.0 Do.. Oct. 26,1939 28 15.0 8.0 78.4 1.6 43 7.9 Do Dec. 6,1939 3.5 12.4 93.2 .9 4 Do Jan. 5,1940 0 13.6 93.0 .2 5 7.8 Twin Creek, below Germantown, MiT 65.5 Aug. 31,1939 24 20.0 7.6 82.6 1.1 23 7.9 Ohio. Do Sept. 28,1939 12 16.0 8.4 83.9 1.3 24 7.9 Do Oct. 26,1939 28 15.0 8.1 79.8 1.7 43 7.9 Do Dec. 6,1939 4.5 12.4 95.8 1.0 23 Do Jan. 6,1940 0 14.0 95.7 .4 8 7.8 630 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Twin Creek, at mouth MiT 59.9 Sept. 28,1939 14 18.0 8.8 92.2 2.5 110 8.1 Do _ do Oct. 12,1939 15.0 8.8 86.7 1.1 23 7.9 Do do Oct. 26,1939 16.0 8.9 89.4 1.2 15 8.0 Do. do Nov. 9,1939 21 5.5 12.3 97.6 .8 8 8.0 Do do Dec. 6,1939 4.0 12.7 96.7 .9 9 Do do 20,1939 5.0 10.6 82. 5 .5 9 8.0 Do do Jan. 5,1940 0 13.9 95.1 .6 9 7.8 Miami River, above Middletown, Mi 57. June 19,1939 22.5 7.0 80.3 5.9 4,600 Ohio. Do do_ June 20,1939 22.5 8.0 91.2 3.6 430 Do do June 27,1939 25.0 7.2 86.2 2.7 750 Do do June 28,1939 25.0 7.2 86.2 2.6 930 ' Do do July 5,1939 23.5 7.5 87.2 2.3 930 Do do July 21,1939 23.0 8.0 92.1 2.2 930 7.9 Do do Aug. 4,1939 23.5 7.0 82.0 2.4 150 Do do Au?. 18,1939 26.0 8.1 98.8 3.3 430 8.0 Do do Sept. 1,1939 22.5 7.2 82.6 4.0 430 8.1 Do.... do__ Sept. 15.1939 23.5 7.4 86.4 7.4 93 7.4 Do do_ Sept. 29,1939 20.5 12.1 132.9 6.7 36 7.9 Do do Oct. 13.1939 12.5 8.6 80.1 3.6 23 7.9 Do do 27,1939 18.5 7.7 82.0 2.6 230 7.7 Do do Nov. 10,1939 495 9.0 9.5 81.7 2.4 240 7.9 Do do Dec. 7,1939 5. 5 11.1 87. 7 3.2 1,100 Do do Dec. 21,1939 4.5 10.6 82.0 3.0 460 7.8 276 Do.. do Jan. 8,1940 1.0 10.6 74.7 2.7 43 7.6 Do... do Feb. 2,1940 1.0 10.4 73.4 8.0 240 7.8 Do . do Feb. 12,1940 2.5 12.1 88.6 6.3 430 7.6 Do do_ Feb. 19,1940 4.0 13.2 100.5 4.5 240 7.8 Miami River, east of Trenton, below Mi 50 Feb. 21,1939 6.0 11.5 92. 1 5.3 460 Middletown, Ohio. Do... do Feb. 27,1939 3.5 12.7 95.2 3.1 240 Do do_ Mar. 3,1939 4.0 12.9 98.0 3.4 460 Do do Mar. 7,1939 7.0 12.0 98.6 4.6 460 Do Mar. 10,1939 6.5 11.1 90.1 5.3 2,400 Do do Mar. 13,1939 7.5 11.9 99.0 4.7 240 Do .. Mar. 15,1939 8.0 11.3 95.3 3.4 460 Do do Mar. 20,1939 6.5 12.1 98.1 2.8 1, 100 Do do Mar. 23,1939 9.0 10.5 90.3 5.2 2,400 Table Mi—7.—Miami River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—'Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 631 Do do Mar. 27,1039 Mar. 31,1939 11.5 9.4 11.0 85.4 5.4 5.1 1, 500 230 Do.. do__ Do. do___ Apr. 4,1939 9.5 10.4 90.3 4.5 390 Do do Apr. 7,1939 7.0 11.1 91.1 5.6 240 Do do Apr. 10,1939 10.5 11.0 98.3 2.6 93 Do do Apr. 12,1939 8.5 10.6 90. 1 4.8 460 Do . Apr. 17,1939 11.0 10.8 97.4 3.9 240 Do... do Apr. 20,1939 10.0 11.1 98.2 3.3 460 Do Apr. 26,1939 17.0 8.4 85.8 4.0 930 Do. do Apr. 28,1939 17.0 8.2 84.7 3.4 230 Do do May 2,1939 13.5 9.5 90.8 2.5 230 Do do May 4,1939 14.5 9.0 87.7 4.2 1,160 Do... do May 8,1939 19.5 8.5 91.8 4.0 91 Do do May 12,1939 17.0 7.9 81.5 4.8 230 Do do__ May 16,1939 17.0 8.4 86.7 5.8 91 Do do May 19,1939 20.5 7.5 82.6 5.1 2,400 Do do_ May 22,1939 21.5 7.4 82.5 3.7 73 Do do May 24,1939 22.0 6.0 68.0 5.8 460 Miami River-Trenton, Ohio, below Mi 50.8 June 2,1939 24.5 6.4 75.7 6.6 230 Middletown. Do. do June 5,1939 23.0 6.7 77.6 4.0 750 Do do_ June 7,1939 25.5 6.2 74.2 6.0 750 Do do June 13,1939 18.5 6.8 72.4 6.8 4,600 Do.... do June 16,1939 24.0 6.5 75.8 4.4 430 Do... do J une 19,1939 23.0 6.1 70.3 6.5 2, 400 Do do June 28,1939 25.5 6.2 74.6 3.7 430 Do... do July 5,1939 23.5 6.8 79.0 2. 6 2,400 Do do July 21,1939 23.0 6.4 74.1 3.5 930 7.6 Do do Aug. 4,1939 24.0 6.1 71.0 2.9 4, 600 Do do Aug. 18,1939 26.5 5.2 63.9 5.5 1,500 7.9 Do.. do_ Sept. 1,1939 24.0 6.1 71.5 5.4 1, 500 7.8 Do do Sept. 15,1939 26.0 4.1 49.9 6.7 430 7.7 Do.... do Sept. 29,1929 22.0 5.6 63.4 6.0 430 7.5 Do do Oct. 13,1939 17.0 4.8 49.7 7.6 930 7.6 Do... do Oct. 27,1939 19.0 3.5 37.9 9.6 390 Do do Nov. 10,1939 495 10.0 7.9 69.5 6.9 930 7.7 Do do__ Dec. 7,1939 7.0 9.2 75.3 6. 6 1,500 Do do__ Dec. 21,1939 5.5 7.4 58.5 5.8 ' 430 7.2 244 Do... do Jan. 8,1940 1.5 10.6 75.8 5.7 1,100 7.3 Do do___ Jan. 17,1940 0 13.4 91.7 7.5 930 7.5 Do.. do Feb. 12,1940 3. 5 13.1 98.8 6.4 150 7.5 Do do___ Feb. 19,1940 6.0 13.1 105.0 5.2 460 7.8 Do do. Feb. 26,1940 3.5 12.5 94.2 3.1 240 7.6 Do. Mar. 1,1940 9.0 11.6 99.9 5.4 460 Do do Mar. 7,1940 6.5 11.7 94.9 3.2 1,100 7.5 Do Mar. 13,1940 7.0 10.8 88.3 5.8 1,100 7.5 Do... Mar. 20| 1940 10.5 10.2 91.3 4.9 2, 400 7.9 Do Mar. 28,1940 10.0 10.7 94.4 6.0 4,600 7.9 Do. Apr. 5,1940 13.0 8.5 80.0 6.0 430 7.8 632 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion 7 Mile Creek, above Eaton, Ohio MiS 67 Aug. 24,1939 21.0 9.6 108.3 .7 93 8.1 Do ' - do Sept. 21,1939 17.0 8.6 88.4 1.1 24 7.8 Do do Oct. 19,1939 11.5 9.4 86.1 1.1 24 7.9 Do - do Nov. 16,1939 6.0 12.0 96.6 .5 24 7.9 Do do Dec. 28,1939 1.0 13.5 94.7 .4 2 7.8 Do - do.. Jan. 26,1940 0 12.9 88.1 .8 4 7.6 MiS 65.5 Aug. 24,1939 22.5 11.0 125.1 1. 7 150 7.5 Do do Sept. 21,1939 18.5 9.4 99.9 1.7 93 8.1 Do . do Oct. 19,1939 10-5 10.4 92.9 .9 93 7.9 Do do Nov. 16,1939 4.5 14.4 110.9 .3 43 8.2 Do do Dec. 28,1939 1.0 10. 5 74.0 5.0 2,400 7.9 Do do Jan. 26,1940 0 10.3 70.5 5. 5 1,100 7.6 MiF 55.5 Aug. 24,1939 20.0 8.2 89.6 .8 7 8.1 Do do Sept. 21,1939 15.5 5.8 57.3 1.0 110 7. 5 Do do Oct. 19,1939 11.0 6.7 60.5 1.0 2 7.5 Do . do Nov. 16,1939 3.0 10.6 78.3 1.3 24 7.7 Do do Dec. 28,1939 0 12.3 84.4 .9 30 7.7 Do . do Jan. 26,1940 0 12.6 86.2 5.3 4 7.6 MiF 54 Aug. 24, 1939 20.5 8.0 88.1 1.2 240 8.0 Do do Sept. 21,1939 18.5 8.7 91.9 3.4 23 8.2 Do do Oct. 19,1939 10.0 9.5 83.9 2.0 15 7.9 Do ... do Nov. 16,1939 2.5 10.5 76.6 2.0 110 7.7 Do do Dec. 28,1939 0 12.3 84.2 1.0 9 7.9 Do do Jan. 26,1940 0 10.7 73.1 2.8 1,100 7.6 MiS 39 Sept. 29,1939 19.5 7.9 85.0 .6 4 7.7 Do do Oct. 13,1939 13.0 8.5 80.5 .5 24 7.8 Do do Oct. 27,1939 19.0 8.1 86.6 4.9 240 7.9 Do do Nov. 10,1939 9.5 10.6 92.8 .9 4 7.8 Do do Dec. 7,1939 5.0 11.3 88.5 0.6 4 Do Dec. 21,1939 3.5 11.8 88.4 0.8 1 7.6 Do do. Jan. 8,1940 1.5 11.9 85.0 0.4 (2) 7.7 Do Jan. 26,1940 0 13.0 88.9 2.4 11 7.7 Mi 38.3 Feb. 21,1939 5.5 11.4 90.1 6.0 460 above Hamilton, Ohio. Do Feb. 27,1939 3.0 12.8 94.7 3.3 240 Do do Mar. 3,1939 3.5 13.0 97.7 3.7 240 Do Mar. 7,1939 7.0 12.0 98.6 4.4 240 Do Mar. 10,1939 7.0 11.2 92.2 4.1 460 Do Mar. 13,1939 7.0 11.6 95.1 5.1 460 Do.... Mar. 15,1939 8.0 11.2 94.6 3.2 1,100 Table Mi-7.—Miami River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 633 Do Mar. 20,1939 Mar. 23.1939 Mar. 27,1939 Mar. 31,1939 Apr. 4,1939 Apr. 7,1939 Apr. 10,1939 Apr. 12,1939 Apr. 17,1939 Apr. 20,1939 Apr. 26,1939 Apr. 28,1939 May 1,1939 May 4,1939 May 8,1939 May 12,1939 May 16.1939 May 19,1939 May 22,1939 May 24,1939 June 2,1939 June 5,1939 June 7,1939 June 13,1939 June 16,1939 Feb. 27,1939 Mar. 3,1939 Mar. 7,1939 Mar. 10,1939 Mar. 13,1939 Mar. 15,1939 Mar. 20,1939 Mar. 23,1939 June 19,1939 June 28,1939 July 5,1939 July 21,1939 Aug. 4,1939 Aug. 18,1939 Sept. 1,1939 Sept. 15,1939 Sept. 29,1939 Oct. 13,1939 Oct. 27,1939 Nov. 10,1939 Dec. 7,1939 Dec. 21,1939 Jan. 8,1940 Jan. 23,1940 Feb. 2.1940 an 12.2 10.7 9.6 11.2 10.6 11.2 11.2 10.4 10.5 11.1 8.9 8.7 9.6 9.1 9.1 7.3 8.7 7.6 6.4 6.4 4.9 6.5 6.4 7.2 6.0 13.3 12.8 12.4 10.8 11.6 11.0 11.5 10.1 5.1 6.0 6.4 6.6 6.9 5.4 6.4 4.8 8.0 5.3 3.9 6.9 8.0 8.4 7.0 12.3 10.3 97.4 92.2 86.7 92.8 92.6 92.3 99.9 90.1 95.7 96.8 90.3 88.9 93.6 89.5 97.9 75.4 89.0 85.0 76.3 62.4 59.7 76.0 79.8 76.5 70.7 102.5 97.6 99.4 93.2 95.5 93.8 97.7 92.2 58.8 72.0 75.0 76.0 68.6 66.3 75.4 58.7 90.9 65.3 41.9 60.8 66.1 65.6 49.3 84.4 72.4 2.2 4.5 3.0 4.4 3.7 4.7 2.2 5.1 3.8 .5 3.2 3.0 2.6 4.0 4.3 4.5 5.0 6.2 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.3 5.1 4.1 2.7 3.3 3.6 4.4 Broken 5.1 5.9 15.5 24.7 7.2 4.2 4.0 3.0 2.3 4.3 3.6 3.7 6.4 5.1 5.0 4.6 3.5 4.2 3.6 4.9 13.9 150 1,100 36 240 460 240 150 1,100 150 460 460 930 230 2,400 36 430 73 43 43 43 460 93 23 1,100 150 240 460 240 460 240 240 2,400 930 2,400 930 2,400 230 430 73 150 46 240 93 230 460 1,500 430 39 150 1.100 Do... 9.0 11.0 7.5 9.5 7.0 10.5 9.0 11.5 9.5 16.5 17.0 14.5 15.0 19.5 17.0 17.0 21.5 24.5 23.5 26.0 23.5 27.0 19.0 24.5 4.5 4.0 6.0 9.0 7.0 8.5 8.5 11.5 23.0 25.5 23.5 23.0 23.5 27.0 24.0 26.5 22.0 17.5 19.0 10.0 7.0 5.0 1.0 0 1.0 Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do. . Do Do Do. . Do Do Do Do . Do ... Do Do ... Do Miami River, Black St. Highway Bridge, Hamilton, Ohio. Do Mi 35.9 . • Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do.... Do Do 7.6 Do . Do 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.9 7.6 7.6 7.5 Do Do. . Do Do.. Do Do 680 739 616 435 1,030 710 Do Do 7.6 6.9 260 Do Do Do . do 7.9 1 Less than 1. 634 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Miami River Bridge near Venice, Mi 30.4 July 21,1939 24.5 7.0 82.2 3.0 430 7.6 below Hamilton, Ohio. Do do__ Aug. 4,1939 23.5 5.8 67.8 3.0 1,500 Do- do Aug. 18,1939 27.5 6.4 79.8 6.8 430 7.6 Do do_ Sept. 1,1939 24.0 6.5 76. 7 6.1 2,300 7.9 Do Sept. 15,1939 25.0 1.9 22.7 4.1 llj 000 7.8 Do.. _ do Sept. 29,1939 21.5 3.5 38.9 11.7 2,400 7.5 Do— do. Oct. 13,1939 16.0 3.2 31.9 7.8 4,600 7.5 Do- do Oct. 27,1939 19.5 5.0 54.4 1.5 ' 720 7.5 Do- do_ Nov. 10,1939 670 9.0 6.8 59.1 9.7 930 7.5 Do do Dee. 7,1939 739 6.0 7.6 60.5 6.7 390 Do Dec. 21,1939 616 5.0 7.0 54.5 11.8 230 7.5 Do do Jan. 8,1940 990 0 10.2 69.6 10.9 930 7.5 Do do 17,1940 4,250 0 13.4 91.6 11.1 430 7.5 Do do Jan. 23,1940 ' 756 0 12.1 83.0 9.4 430 Do do_ Feb. 12,1940 7,890 1. 5 13.3 95.0 7.0 2,400 7.5 Do do Feb. 19,1940 9,050 3.5 13.0 97.9 7.5 93 7.8 Do do Feb. 26,1940 1,980 3.5 12.5 94.1 7.8 240 7.7 Do— — do Mar. 1,1940 3; 090 7.5 12.1 100.5 6.2 460 Do do Mar. 7,1940 7, 250 4.0 12.6 95.6 5.2 2,400 7.6 Do do_ Mar. 13,1940 2,680 6.5 11.0 89.4 7.7 1,100 7.7 Do Mar. 20,1940 2,180 10.0 9. 4 83.0 7.3 930 8.0 Do do_ Mar. 28,1940 1,450 7.0 10.0 82.3 9.2 2,400 7.8 Do Apr. 5,1940 2,040 14.5 8.1 79.0 5.4 73 7.8 Miami River, near Venice, below Mi 24.8 Feb. 21,1939 5.5 11.4 89.9 5.5 1,100 Hamilton, Ohio. Do - do_ Feb. 27,1939 3.5 12.6 94.9 3. 2 240 Do do Mar. 3,1939 4.6 12.8 98.4 4.0 240 Do Mar. 7,1939 6.5 11.9 96.5 4.0 1,100 Do-. do_. Mar. 10; 1939 8.5 10.8 92.5 4.2 ' 460 Do Mar. 13,1939 7.5 11.8 98.0 4.6 240 Do 15,1939 8.6 11.1 95.0 3.6 460 8.0 520 124 Do Mar. 20,1939 7.0 11.9 97.9 3.1 240 8.0 130 221 Do 23,1939 10.6 10.1 90.5 4.8 460 8.1 58 238 Do 27,1939 11.0 9.4 84.7 3.6 460 8.0 40 248 Do Mar. 31,1939 11.2 4.3 430 8.1 140 208 Do do i 1939 9.6 10.3 89.9 3.2 230 Do— 7,1939 7.0 11.4 93.3 4.1 460 8.1 190 194 Do Apr. 10,1939 10.6 11.0 98.2 2.2 93 Table Mi-7.—Miami River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 635 Do Apr. 12,1939 Apr. 17,1939 Apr. 20,1939 Apr. 26,1939 9.0 10.5 9.5 16. 5 10.6 10.5 11.0 8.7 91.1 93.4 96.2 88.4 4.7 4.0 3.0 3.2 210 460 460 930 8.0 7.5 7.2 70 650 180 226 107 162 Do Do.... Do Do...1. Apr. 28,1939 17.0 8.4 86.1 3.6 150 7.5 40 238 Do.... May 1,1939 14.0 9.5 91.6 2.6 91 8.0 38 256 Do do May 4,1939 15.0 9.1 89.7 3.5 430 Do do May 8; 1939 19.5 9.8 106.0 4.5 36 Do... May 12,1939 17.5 9.3 96.8 4.4 430 8.1 10 244 Do. May 16,1939 17.0 9.3 95.2 6.3 230 Do... May 19j 1939 21.0 9.6 106.8 5.4 91 8.1 15 249 Do. May 22,1939 22.0 7.9 89.5 4.9 240 Do May 24,1939 23.0 8.7 100.1 5.8 150 20 250 Do. 25.0 7.6 91.1 5.2 460 8.0 22 240 Do. 23.0 7.9 90.8 5.1 230 Do 26.5 8.2 100.7 5.1 150 8.3 40 244 Do do June 13,1939 19.0 6.8 72.6 5.3 460 Do 24.5 6.1 71.7 3.3 240 7.9 38 218 Do 23.5 4.7 54.4 5.9 2,400 Do 26.0 6.6 80.4 4.2 930 Do July 5,' 1939 23.5 6.7 78.1 3.8 1,500 West Fork Whitewater River, above MiW 80 July 12; 1939 21.0 11.4 126.8 2.0 23 Hagerstown, Ind. Do Aug. 8,1939 18.5 8.8 92.7 .7 46 Do.. Oct. 10,1939 17.0 8.2 84.6 .7 5 7.9 Do Nov. 7,1939 7.5 10.6 88.2 .6 8 7.8 Do Dec. 18,1939 6.0 11.7 93.8 .6 43 7.8 Nettle Creek, above Hagerstown, Ind. MiWN 80.. 22.5 11.1 126.9 1.1 7 Do Aug. 8,1939 21.0 9.0 99.6 .7 9 Do Oct. 10,1939 19.0 9.0 96.6 1.1 24 8.0 Do Nov. i, 1939 7.0 11.0 90.6 .6 43 7.8 Do Dec. 18,1939 6.0 11.5 92.0 .6 4 7.9 West Fork Whitewater River, below July 12,1939 20.5 8.8 96.4 .8 29 Hagerstown, Ind. Do Aug. 8,1939 21.0 7.8 86.8 .7 24 Do _• Oct. 10,1939 18.5 7.2 76.0 .4 110 7.9 Do Nov. i, 1939 9.0 8.9 77.0 1.5 43 7.6 Do Dec. 18,1939 7.5 11.2 93.4 .6 23 7.8 West Fork Whitewater River, above MiWw 73 July 12,1939 81 22.0 10.3 117.1 .9 93 Cambridge City, Ind. Do Aue. 8,1939 72 22.5 10.1 115.2 .8 15 Do Oct. 10,1939 34 20.0 9.7 105.6 1.1 110 8.0 Do.... Nov. 7’ 1939 45 6.5 11.5 93.2 .9 75 7.9 Do. Dec. 18,1939 5.5 12.0 94. 9 .5 43 8.0 West Fork, Whitewater River, below MiWw 72 July 12; 1939 81 22.5 11. 5 131. 5 .9 93 Cambridge City. Do Aug. 8,1939 72 22.0 9.0 101.6 .9 46 Do Oct. 10,1939 34 20.0 8.3 90.5 1. 4 46 8.0 Do do Nov. 7,1939 45 7.0 11.1 91.0 .5 43 8.0 Do.. Dec. 18j 1939 6.0 11.5 92.4 .4 43 8.0 636 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million West Fork, Whitewater River, above Connersville, Ind. Do July 13,1939 July 25,1939 Aug. 9,1939 Aug. 22,1939 Sept. 19,1939 Oct. 17,1939 Nov. 14,1939 Dec. 26,1939 JaD. 19,1940 Jan. 30,1940 Feb. 7,1940 Feb. 15,1940 Feb. 21,1940 Feb. 28,1940 Mar. 5,1940 Mar. 11,1940 Mar. 15,1940 Mar. 22,1940 Apr. 1,1940 July 13,1939 July 25,1939 Aug. 9,1939 Aug. 22,1939 Sept. 19,1939 Oct. 17,1939 Nov. 14,1939 Dec. 26,1939 23.5 8.4 98.3 .8 8 do.. 22.5 9.6 109.9 .6 21 Do 21.5 8.4 94.8 1.7 43 Do 18.0 8.6 90.0 1.5 43 8.0 Do 69 16.5 8.2 83.8 1.2 5 7.9 Do 64 10.5 9.6 85.4 .7 11 7.9 Do 85 6.0 10.7 85.7 .4 1 7.8 Do do.._ 2.0 11.6 83.6 1.3 4 7.6 5 Do 0 12.4 84.8 1.0 24 7.7 Do 0 12.5 85.2 .4 24 Do 0 12.0 82.4 6.2 43 7.8 Do 2.0 13.4 97.0 1.6 93 7.7 Do 3.0 11.9 88.6 2.8 160 7.7 Do 4.0 12.1 92.5 3.7 24 7.5 Do 4.0 12.0 91.8 1.4 46 7.7 Do do 4.5 11.9 91.8 .5 4 8.0 Do 2.5 12.1 88.6 .5 9 8.1 Do 4.0 12.4 94.1 .6 2 Do 12.0 11.4 105.3 1.3 (*) 7.9 West Fork, Whitewater River, below Connersville, Ind. Do 24.0 7.9 92.5 2.6 460 23.5 7.8 91.0 2.8 240 Do 24.0 7.0 81. 5 1.6 430 Do 19.5 7.5 80.8 1.4 230 8.0 Do do 69 19.0 7.2 77.3 2.0 460 8.0 Do do ----- 64 11.0 8.5 76.5 1.4 430 7.9 Do -do. 85 6.0 11.0 88.1 1.0 240 7.8 Do do 2.0 14.0 101.2 3.0 930 7.8 7 Do do_ Jan. 19,1940 Jan. 30,1940 Feb. 7,1940 Feb. 15,1940 Feb. 21,1940 Feb. 28.1940 0 13.3 90.8 1.9 240 7.8 Do 0 13.2 90.1 1. 1 240 Do do. 0 12. 1 83.0 6.4 460 7.8 Do . ...do.. 2.0 13.3 96.0 3.3 240 7.8 Do do 2.5 11.8 86.7 3.8 93 7.8 Do 3.5 12.3 92.3 3.5 110 7.8 Do Mar. 5,1940 4. 5 10.7 82.5 2.0 460 7.6 Do do Mar. 11,1940 5.5 11.7 92.8 1. 1 46 8.0 Do do... Mar. 15,1940 3.5 11.8 88.9 1.4 110 7.9 Do Mar. 22,1940 4.0 12.3 93. 5 1.1 no Do.... do Apr. 1,1940 13.0 10.6 100.3 3.1 460 8.6 Table Mi-7.—Miami River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 637 West Fork, Whitewater River, above Brookville, Ind. Do MiWw 33 July 13,1939 July 25,1939 24.5 22.5 9.3 8.4 110.1 96.6 .9 1.0 9 9 Do Aug. 9', 1939 23.0 7.8 89.3 1.1 9 Do Aug. 22,1939 20.0 7.8 85.0 1.2 43 8.1 Do Sept. 19,1939 17.5 8.2 85.6 .9 4 8.1 Do .. Oct. 17j 1939 10.0 9.9 87.7 .6 4 7.9 Do Nov. 14,1939 5.0 11.8 92.0 .4 4 8.0 Do _ Dec. 26,1939 3.5 13.6 102.1 2.0 2 7.9 8 __ Do... Jan. 19,1940 0 Lost 1.7 240 7.8 Do Jan. 30,1940 0 12.7 86.7 1.1 4 Do . Feb. 1,1940 0 13.3 90.7 8.6 460 7.5 Do Feb. 15,1940 1.0 12.7 89.4 2.3 460 7.8 Do ... Feb. 21,1940 5.0 12.7 99.1 3.4 150 7.7 Do Feb. 28,1940 4.0 12.6 95.8 2.8 460 7.9 Do Mar. 5,1940 7.0 12.0 98.9 1.8 240 7.8 Do . . Mar. 11,1940 7.0 11.7 96.3 .6 4 8.0 Do Mar. 15j 1940 6.0 12.3 98.9 .8 9 8.0 Do ... Mar. 25,1940 4.5 12.7 97.8 .9 24 8.1 Do ... Apr. 2,1940 12.0 10.6 98.1 1 3 4 7.8 MiWe 66 July 12; 1939 89 23.5 7.8 90.5 1.3 93 Richmond, Ind. Do Aug. 8,1939 79 24.0 6.4 74.4 1.7 240 Do . Oct. 10,1939 •37 23.0 5.0 57.1 1.6 240 7.9 Do . Nov. 7; 1939 49 10.0 8.2 72.2 1.5 230 7.9 Do do Dec. 18,1939 7.0 9.9 81.3 1.1 750 8.0 Do do... Feb. 21,1940 3.5 12.8 96.5 2.1 93 7.9 Do .. Feb. 28,1940 4.0 12.4 94.7 4.3 240 7.8 Do Mar. 5,1940 4.5 12.4 96.0 1.9 24 7.8 Do ... do. Mar. 11,1940 2.5 12.6 92.2 .9 24 8.0 Do.... Mar. 15,1940 2.0 12.8 92.5 1. 5 46 8.0 Do do Mar. 22,1940 5.0 13.5 105.2 1.1 240 Do.... . _ do Apr. 1,1940 12.0 10.8 99.4 1.6 24 8.2 July 12,1939 89 22.0 8.0 90.3 2.8 150 Richmond, Ind Do .. .. do Aug. 8,1939 79 23.0 6. 4 73.4 2.5 240 Do do Oct. 10,1939 37 22.0 5.6 54.0 2.1 240 7.9 Do _ __do Nov. 7,1939 49 10.0 10.0 88.4 2.4 230 7.9 Do do Dec. 18,1939 6.5 10.5 85.2 1.4 430 7.8 Do .. do Jan. 19,1940 0 13.8 94.5 3.1 93 7.8 Do Jan. 30,1940 5.0 11.8 92.2 2.8 240 Do .... . do Feb. 7,1940 2.0 11.6 84.0 8.0 290 7.8 Do ...do Feb. 15,1940 3.0 13.5 100.4 2.5 43 7.8 Do . do Feb. 21,1940 5.0 12.5 97.8 5.6 1,100 8.0 Do .. do Feb. 28,1940 4. 5 12.4 95.8 4.5 93 7.8 Do ... do Mar. 5,1940 4.0 12.4 94.3 2.5 24 7.7 Do Mar. 11,1940 2.5 12.5 91.7 2.0 9 8.0 Do. Mar. 15,1940 3.5 12.6 94.9 4.4 46 7.9 Do Mar. 22,1940 6.0 15.5 124.0 2.0 46 do.: Apr. 1,1940 12.5 12.6 117.3 3.7 110 8.2 s Less than 1. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL V Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion ATiWp 33 July 13,1939 23.5 9.1 105.6 1.0 24 Brookville, Ind. Dn July 25,1939 22.5 9. 3 106.3 1.3 9 Do Aug. 9,1939 22.5 8. 2 94.1 1.1 75 Do Aug. 22,1939 20.0 8.1 87.9 1.4 93 8.1 Do Sept. 19,1939 18.5 8.0 85.1 1.1 24 8.1 Do Oct. 17,1939 10.0 10.4 91.8 1.3 2 7.9 Do Nov. 14,1939 4.0 12.6 96.3 .8 9 8.2 Do Dec. 26,1939 1.5 14.7 104.8 2. 4 (2) 8.2 5 Do Jan. 19,1940 0 2.1 24 7.7 Do Jan. 30,1940 0 12.7 86.9 1.7 8 Do Feb. 7,1940 .5 13.2 91.6 8.3 150 7.5 Do Feb. 15,1940 1.0 12.8 90.0 1.8 93 7.9 Do Feb. 21,1940 4.0 12.8 97.8 2.0 93 7.8 Do Feb. 28,1940 4.5 12.6 97.0 2.9 240 7.9 Do Mar. 5,1940 5. 5 12.2 96.4 1.7 240 7.8 Do Mar. lli 1940 7.0 12.2 100.2 .7 9 8.0 Do Mar. 15,1940 7.0 12.7 104.6 .7 24 8.0 Do Mar. 25,1940 4.0 12.8 97.7 1.2 (J) 8.1 Do Apr. 2,1940 12.0 11.3 104.4 2.0 1 8.0 July 13,1939 505 23.5 7.8 91. 3 1. 1 93 Ind. Do July 25,1939 433 23.0 8.1 93.3 .9 46 Do Aug. 9,1939 333 23.5 7.5 87.1 1.1 93 Do Aug. 22,1939 461 20.5 7.6 83.7 1.2 460 8.1 Do Sept. 19,1939 140 18.0 8.2 85.7 .9 240 8.1 Do Oct. 17,1939 133 10.5 9.7 86.4 .5 23 7.9 Do Nov. 14,1939 160 5.5 11.7 92.8 .6 24 7.9 15 Do Dec. 26,1939 156 2.0 13.3 96.1 2.0 93 8.0 7 Do Jan. 19,1940 297 0 Lost 3.8 93 7.8 Do Jan. 30,1940 220 1.0 12.6 88.3 1.1 4 Do Feb. 7,1940 1,230 1.0 13.1 92.1 8.3 93 7.5 Do Feb. 15^1940 '830 1.5 13.0 92.9 2.0 93 7.7 Do Feb. 21,1940 1,380 5.0 12.6 98.8 3.0 460 7.7 Do Feb. 28,1940 1,460 7.0 12.5 102.5 2.5 1,100 7.9 Do 2,290 8.0 12.0 101.3 1.6 110 7.7 Do Mar. 11,1930 749 10.0 11.7 103.5 .6 24 8.0 Do Mar. 1940 649 4.5 12.5 96.1 1.2 21 8.0 Do Mar. 25' 1940 385 5.5 12.6 99.9 .8 9 8.1 Do do Apr. 2,1940 359 13.0 10.2 95.9 1.5 24 8.0 Table Mi-7.—Miami River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Whitewater River, above Harrison, Ind. Do MiW 14 July 13,1939 July 25,1939 24.0 22.5 7.8 8.2 91.1 93.4 .9 1.3 15 9 Do Aug. 9' 1939 23.5 7.8 91.3 1.4 7 Do Aug. 22,1939 21.5 7.4 82.5 1.6 93 8.0 Do Sept. 19,1939 19.5 7.6 81.9 1.1 11 8.0 Do Oct. 17,1939 11.5 9.6 88.0 .4 5 • 7.9 Do Nov. 14' 1939 5.0 12.4 97.1 .5 4 8.1 8 Do Dec. 26,1939 3.0 14.1 104.6 1.4 1 8.1 3 Mi IV 13 Feb. 2b 1939 2,910 6. 5 11.6 94.4 2.8 23 Ind. Do Feb. 27,1939 1,470 4.5 12.9 99.5 1.8 93 Do Mar. 3i 1939 5.5 12.2 96.7 1.1 23 Do Mar. 7,1939 7.0 12.0 98.9 1.6 39 Do Mar. 10’ 1939 8.0 11.3 95.5 .6 23 Do Mar. 13,1939 7. 5 11.2 93.0 3. 5 93 Do Mar. 15’ 1939 10.0 10.4 91.4 1.2 39 Do Mar. 20,1939 8.5 11.7 100.1 .8 9 Do Mar. 23,1939 11.0 11.0 99.4 .9 4 Do Mar. 27,1939 11.0 9.2 83.1 1.3 8 Do Mar. 31,1939 11.6 1.1 240 Do Apr. 4,1939 10.0 11.2 99.3 .6 4 Do Apr. 7,1939 7.0 11.5 94.8 1.9 24 Do Apr. 10', 1939 11.5 11.1 101.0 .6 9 Do Apr. 12,1939 8.0 11.2 94.4 .8 Do Apr. \i, 1939 12.0 10.2 94.2 2. 5 43 Do Apr. 20,1939 9.5 10.8 94.2 1.2 93 Do Apr. 26,1939 16.5 9.2 93.5 .7 23 Do Apr. 28,1939 16.0 8.9 89.6 1.4 43 Do 14.5 9.8 95.2 .9 230 Do 14.5 10.1 98.3 .8 23 Do May 8,1939 19.0 9.4 100.7 1.2 4 Do May 12|l939 17.0 9.5 97.7 1.1 2 Do May 16,1939 16.5 9.3 94.4 1.0 9 Do May 19,1939 20.0 9.0 97.8 1.3 4 Do 21.5 8.7 98.0 1.7 7 Do May 24,1939 22.5 8.3 95.2 1.6 24 Do 24.5 9.1 107.9 2.0 4 Do 22.0 8.5 96.3 1.9 46 Do 25.5 8.6 103.9 1.6 24 Do 19.0 8.2 87.6 3.0 240 Do 25.0 7.7 92.4 1.6 150 Do 23.0 7.3 84.4 4.5 1,100 Do 26.5 6.4 78.3 4.1 110 Do 24.5 7.2 85.6 3.2 2,400 Do July 13,1939 23.5 8.0 93.0 1.3 9 July 25,1939 23.0 8.2 94.8 1.8 24 Do Aug. 9,1939 24.0 8. 1 94.6 1.7 9 Do A up. 22! 1939 22.0 7.4 83.2 1.8 240 8.6 * Less than 1. 90035—44—pt. 2 32 640 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Whitewater River, below Harrison, MiW 13 Sept. 19,1939 190 19.5 7.7 83.4 1.4 9 8.0 Ind. Do Oct. 17,1939 170 12.0 9. 6 89.0 0 Do . . Nov. 14.1939 210 6 0 12 3 Q8 3 8.0 Do Dec. 26.1939 2.0 14.1 101.9 1 8 Do Jan. 19,1940 0 1 9 93 7 8 Do Feb. 21,1940 4 5 12. 7 98 2 2 8 Do.. Feb. 28,1940 7.0 12. 2 100 2 9 46 Do Mar. 5,1940 8. 5 12. 0 102 3 1 6 Do Mar. 11,1940 7.0 11. 7 96 3 7 15 Do Mar. 15,1940 7.0 12. 3 101 2 9 Do.... Mar. 25,1940 4.0 11.8 89 6 10 Do.. Apr. 2,1940 14.0 10.1 97 4 1 1 9 7.9 Miami River, Cleves Bridge Mi 4,2.... Mar. 3,1939 16,860 4.0 12.3 93.7 1.9 240 Do Mar. 7,1939 11.710 4.5 12.0 92. 5 7 0 120 Do.... Mar. 13,1939 35,100 7.0 11.1 91 4 3 9 460 Do ... Mar. 21,1939 5,600 8.0 11.2 94.2 4.7 240 8.2 85 244 Do Apr. 4, 1939 10 5 10 9 Do Apr. 10,1939 6,400 9.0 9.9 85! 1 3.2 23 8.1 28 236 Do Apr. 26,1939 8,450 17.0 8.4 86.6 4.0 460 7.8 67 236 Do 4 480 is 0 18 20 252 251 Do May 8,1939 3,690 20.0 9.9 108.3 7.1 11 8.0 Do __ May 16,1939 3,040 19.0 9.5 101.9 4.8 460 8.3 10 238 Do May 22,1939 3,060 23.0 8.2 94.2 4.0 43 8.0 40 238 Do June 5,1939 2,150 23.5 8.5 98.6 8.7 150 8.0 70 243 Do June 13.1939 25 0 7 6 90 7 Do June 19,1939 21, 700 25.0 6.8 SO . 9 4.8 1,100 7.9 470 126 Do June 27,1939 3,750 25.5 7.2 86.3 2.3 93 8.0 100 225 Do 25 5 7 4 89 8 255 Do.. July 5,1939 7,030 27. 0 6 4 79 3 Do July 11,1939 3,210 25.0 6.7 79! 6 3.7 930 7.7 310 193 Do July 17,1939 1,730 24.0 10.0 117.2 4.6 230 7.9 57 228 Do July 19,1939 7, 300 23 5 6 7 78 3 Do July 25,1939 1,660 25.5 8.5 102! 8 3.5 430 8.0 53 239 Do July 31,1939 14,990 23. 5 5 4 62 8 Do Aug. 2.1939 5,200 25.0 6.8 so! 7 2.8 230 7.8 200 154 Do Aug. 8, 1939 2, 120 25.0 7.8 93.4 3.2 230 8.0 70 230 Do__ 2,350 26 0 7 1 Do... Aug. 16,1939 1,700 27.6 7.5 93.4 4.0 230 8.1 60 212 Table Mi 7. Miami River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 641 Do do Aue. 22,1939 2,300 24.0 7.4 86 2 3 7 930 8 1 87 216 Do do Aug. 28,1939 1,340 23.0 9.6 110 4 3 8 36 8 0 25 226 Do.. do Aug. 30.1939 1,300 23. 5 10. 2 119 2 .*> o 46 8 1 31 222 Do Sept. 5,1939 1,020 23.0 8.1 93 2 5 3 93 8 1 27 225 Do do Sept. 11,1939 920 21.5 8. 4 94 3 3 6 23 8.1 38 222 Do Sept. 13,1939 950 23. 5 8 0 93 0 3 3 43 7. 9 18 213 Do.. do Sept. 19,1939 880 21.5 8.0 89 8 2 4 43 7 9 42 236 Do. do Sept. 25,1939 810 21.0 8.5 94 3 3 4 21 7.9 25 232 Do.. do Sept. 27,1939 830 20.0 8.8 95 7 5 9 24 7 9 18 234 Do do Oct. 3,1939 830 15.0 9.4 92 4 3 7 75 7.9 10 228 Do do Oct. 9,1939 830 22.5 7.8 89 0 4 8 46 7 9 20 232 Do do Oct. 11,1939 700 19.5 7. 5 80 8 4 5 23 7.9 13 227 Do do Oct. 17,1939 710 12.5 9. 2 85 5 2 6 46 7 9 8 245 Do Oct. 23.1939 720 13.5 9.9 94. 5 5 2 43 8 0 12 248 Do do Oct. 25,1939 830 16.0 8.2 82.1 5 6 24 7. 8 15 250 Do do. Oct. 31,1939 1,400 10.5 8.0 71.7 4 9 91 7.7 32 219 Do do Nov. 6,1939 '930 7.0 9. 2 76 0 3 4 240 7. 7 25 229 Do.. do Nov. 8,1939 960 7.5 9.4 78.5 3 4 460 7.7 15 243 Do do Nov. 14,1939 860 7.0 9.9 81. 6 2.7 150 7.7 253 Do do. Nov. 20,1939 860 8.0 9.0 76.1 2.9 23 7.7 25 243 Do do Nov. 22,1939 1,040 7.0 9.8 80.9 3.5 24 7.8 17 242 Do. do Nov. 28,1939 920 6.0 9.9 77.3 3. 5 240 7.8 9 264 Do do Dec. 4,1939 1,130 6.0 9.6 76.8 3.4 93 15 248 Do do Dec. 6,1939 1,100 6.0 9.6 76. 8 3 3 93 18 250 Do do Dec. 12,1939 900 7.0 9. 3 76.2 3 0 93 7.9 11 245 Do Dec. 18,1939 890 8.0 9. 7 81. 7 3 6 15 7.8 5 249 Do do Dec. 20,1939 890 6.5 9.2 72.7 2 6 93 7. 6 7 250 Do do Dec. 26,1939 800 2.5 11.1 81.3 3.3 160 7.4 15 257 Do do Jan. 3,1940 617 0 12.1 82 9 1.6 43 7.8 9 269 Do do Jan. 17,1940 4,630 1.0 13.3 93.7 6 6 460 7. 6 380 161 Do Feb. 2,1940 1,040 1.0 9.4 66.2 4 9 43 8.0 Do do Feb. 12,1940 11,950 3.0 12.3 91.4 7 4 230 7. 6 Do do Feb. 19,1940 18,240 5.0 12.8 100.0 6 9 240 7.8 850 104 Do.. do Feb. 26,1940 2,820 2.0 12.5 90 3 3 0 460 7.7 48 195 Do do Feb. 28,1940 4,410 3.0 11.8 87 5 6 2 240 7. 8 67 214 Do do Mar. 5,1940 22,400 5.0 11.4 89 3 4 0 39 7.6 700 105 Do do Mar. 11,1940 4,350 5.0 11.4 88 8 3 1 1,100 8 0 67 210 Do do Mar. 13,1940 3,730 5.0 11.3 88 5 4 2 11 000 7.9 40 216 Do do Mar. 19,1940 3,080 8.0 10.1 84.9 6 0 430 7.9 55 225 Do do Mar. 25,1940 2,140 4.0 9.1 69.5 2.6 930 8.0 25 Do.. do Mar. 27,1940 2,030 6.0 11.0 87. 7 4.4 240 7.8 33 236 Do do Apr. 2,1940 2,210 8.5 9.0 76.7 3.2 23 7.8 25 230 Do... do Apr. 8,1940 4, 210 12.0 9.5 87.9 4. 2 150 7.9 30 225 Do... do Apr. 10,1940 6,850 9.5 9.1 79.6 5.4 1,100 7.9 65 Do Apr. 30,1940 5,240 14.0 6.3 460 7.9 140 222 LITTLE MIAMI RIVER BASIN CONTENTS Page Contents 645 Syllabus and conclusions 647 Description. _ 648 Presentation of field data 649 Presentation of laboratory data 651 Hydrometric data 653 Discussion 654 LIST OF TABLES Lm-1.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 648 Lm-2.—Surface water supplies 650 Lm-3.—Sources of pollution 650 Lm-4.—Industrial wastes 651 Lm-5.—Selected laboratory data 651 Lm-6.—Hydrometric data 653 Lm-7.—Summary of laboratory results 655 LIST OF FIGURES Lm-2.—Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 650 (Note.—For maps of this basin see Miami River Basin.) LITTLE MIAMI RIVER BASIN 1 Syllabus and Conclusions syllabus The Little Miami Drainage Basin, occupying 1,755 square miles wholly within the State of Ohio, is principally an agricultural region with only minor industrial development. Exclusive of the Cincinnati metropolitan area, the population of the basin totals about 135,000, of which 35 percent reside in 41 incorporated communities. Primary water uses of major streams are recreational and agricultural. Recre- ational development is notable in the lower reaches. In terms of expenditures, existing waste treatment facilities represent about 50 percent of total suggested treatment. Remaining water pollution problems are not critical, are of local significance, and can be solved by practical methods of waste treatment. CONCLUSIONS (1) Of 21 public water supplies in the basin only 4 use surface sources, 2 of which are on tributaries affected by sewage pollution. An increasing need for surface waters for water supply purposes is noted in the basin as well as demands for improved recreational areas, the latter especially in the lower reaches near Cincinnati. (2) Outside the Cincinnati area, sewage from 31,700 people and industrial wastes with a population equivalent of 9,700 enter the streams. More than 75 percent of the sewage is treated. (3) Laboratory observations show several bad areas below sources of pollution but indicate rather rapid stream recovery after short periods of flow. Coliform results averaging over 200 per milliliter during the worst month were found over most of the basin. (4) Minimum monthly summer flows in the lower reach have varied from 70 to 85 cubic feet per second for several years within the period of record. Flows on East Fork often reach zero for extended periods. (5) The Little Miami River below mile 5 receives pollution aggre- gating about 129,000 equivalent population from a portion of metro- politan Cincinnati. Interceptor sewers are under construction to divert this waste to a point of treatment with subsequent discharge direct to the Ohio River. (6) Sections of several tributaries are polluted due to improper waste treatment. Practical treatment of sewage and industrial waste will control pollution and adequately protect surface streams for all normal uses except in certain sections of tributaries where near- zero summer flows occur in the vicinity of outfalls. (7) Low-flow regulation by the proposed East Fork flood-control reservoir would eliminate the need for more than primary sewage treatment at Batavia, would ensure the adequacy of the community’s i For maps of this basin, see Miami River Basin. 648 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL public water supply, and would enhance the recreational value of the East Fork. (8) In view of the normal uses of the streams involved, refined treatment at a few sources of pollution would serve no purpose com- mensurate with the expenditure. In these instances, lesser treatment appears justified and has been suggested. Summary of comparative cost of remedial measures from table Lm-1 follows: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges $530,000 $55,000 580,000 60,000 Estimated additional costs, over existing charges, of programs involv- ing uniform treatment throughout the basin are— Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Primary, all places $420,000 $45,000 65,000 Secondary, ail places 620,000 Table Lm-1.—Little Miami River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested minimum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Pri- mary Second- ary Amortiza- tion and interest Operation and main- tenance Total Existing sewage treatment Suggested minimum correction: Sewace treatment plants 3 8 24,600 $530,000 $35,000 $20,000 $55.000 3 8 7,100 6,700 410,000 120,000 50,000 29,000 5,000 6,000 16,000 45,000 5,000 10,000 Independent industrial waste 4,000 Total 580.000 420,000 620.000 580,000 40,000 30,000 45,000 40,000 20,000 15,000 20. 000 20,000 60,000 45,000 65,000 60,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment, all waste... Secondary treatment, all waste. As suggested Description The Little Miami River, draining 1,755 square miles in southwestern Ohio, rises in Clark County and flows southwesterly for about 100 miles to join the Ohio River near the eastern city limits of Cincinnati. The generally uniform stream bed, free from significant rapids, is 1,150 feet above mean sea level near headwaters and has a uniform gradient of about 6.5 feet per mile. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 649 River mile Drainage area (square miles) Major tributaries: East Fork. 12 501 Todd Fork . 39 261 Caesar Creek 61 239 Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Larger cities: Xenia 8,7C6 9,110 6,037 a ana 10,507 5,332 3 222 10,633 5,971 3,890 Wilmington _ <491 2,698 Lebanon... . . . . Total basin: 97,144 21,088 93,867 17 JUS 99,991 19 061 111,470 24,004 1 * Total 118,232 111,410 119,052 135,474 Industries.—Municipalities in the basin are essentially trading and distributing centers. Agriculture is the chief basin occupation and corn and garden truck are principal crops. Cattle, sheep, and hogs are raised in large numbers. Waste byproducts from vegetable can- neries is of special stream-pollution significance and operating seasons coincide with critical stream conditions. Water uses.—Three communities on East Fork with a combined population of 1,700 and one on Todd Fork with a population of 1,500 use surface streams as a source of water supply. Stock watering from surface streams is common throughout the basin. Recreation, including fishing, summer cottages, and boating, is observed in the basin with special concentration in the lower reach near metropolitan Cincinnati. Navigation improvements are not considered on this stream. Flood-control reservoirs at five sites on the Little Miami River and its tributaries have been studied by the United States Engineer Department. Presentation of Field Data Figure Mi-1 shows the location and magnitude of each source of pollution of consequence in the basin. Figure Lm-2 shows similar data and, in addition, the location of water-supply intakes from streams below source of pollution and laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. Water supply.—In the basin, 21 public water-supply systems serve 39,100 people. Supplies shown in table Lm-2 are from surface streams. Greater future use of surface waters is indicated. Ground water is limited in many sections and is generally hard with high iron • content. 650 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Lm-2.—Little Miami River Basin: Surface water supplies / Municipality Source Mile1 Treat- ment 2 Popula- tion served Consump- tion, million gallons per day • Supplies below community sewer outfalls Batavia East Fork . 23 FD 1,100 0.07 Williamsburg _ do 45 FD '400 .03 Other surface supplies St. Martin FD 200 0.01 Blanchester ~do___ FD 1,500 .05 Total: Below sewer outfalls 1,500 1,700 . 10 Other .06 Total surface water supplies. 3,200 .16 1 Miles above mouth of Little Miami River. 1 F=coagulated, settled, filtered; D=chlorinated. Sewage.—Table Lm-3 shows the population served by sewers at each of the more important sources of pollution in the basin. Cin- cinnati and its suburbs are the largest contributors of wastes. Inter- ceptor construction now in progress will remove these wastes from the Little Miami. After treatment they will be discharged to the Ohio River. Sewage from 31,700 people in other communities enters the streams of the basin and of these 24,600 are served by the 11 sewage treatment plants. Table Lm-3.—Little Miami River Basin: Sources of significant pollution including industrial waste expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Municipality River Miles above mouth of Little Miami River Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treatment Sewered tion equ (biochen gen de Un- treated popula- ivalent ical oxy- mand) Dis- charged Cincinnati and suburbs ... Little Miami 6 78,000 129,000 129,000 Milford 14 1,600 b 500 l’ 600 Waynesville b 54 ' 500 2,000 1, 600 Roxanna... 60 l’ 500 1, 500 Yellow Springs 84 1,000 L000 ' 100 Now Vienna..- 90 400 L400 1,400 Lebanon 1 Turtle Creek 40 3,100 Chemical pre- 5,300 2,600 cipitation. Blanchester... 60 1,200 2,000 2,000 Wilmington 63 5,000 Chemical pre- 6,110 b 800 cipitation. Jamestown 82 900 1,500 700 Xenia... _ _ 80 11,000 lb 000 1,600 Orphans Home 82 1,000 1,000 ' 100 Wilberforce ._ .. 82 1,000 1,000 100 11 smaller sources .. 5,100 6,100 6,100 Total 109,700 170,400 149,100 1 Recent treatment plant. Not in operation in 1939. FIG. Lm- 2 - N W * » O O O O O O SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS — o* + u 2 2 9 9 9 9 SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS L EGEND tlndicotot pollution removod by trootmont. FIGURE Lm 2 LITTLE Ml AMI RIVER. SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND SELECTED LABORATORY RESULTS OHIO RIVER- POLLUTION SURVEY U S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE Stwogu Treotment P|#n' under Construction ot tlm* Laboratory Survey (1939), now completed. (Face p.650) GP0-C3 0-90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 651 Industrial wastes.—The only industries discharging wastes of con- sequence other than to municipal treatment plants and outside the Cincinnati area are eight vegetable canneries. In addition, two vegetable canneries discharge wastes to municipal treatment works. Four others have taken steps to reduce the strength of the wastes before they leave the plant. Table Lm-4 shows data on the indus- trial waste load in the basin. Table Lm-4.—Little Miami River Basin: Summary of industrial wastes not discharging to municipal treatment plants, with total of entire industrial waste load in the basin Number of plants Industrial waste disposal At least Estimated sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Industry Municipal sewers Private outlets corrective measures taken Canneries ... 8 i 7 4 6,900 Waste unconnected, municipal 8 nt in treatment. Industrial waste to Cincinnati sewers h Waste discharged to municipal treatme Total industrial wastes in the has i 7 4 6,900 61,000 2,800 60,700 1 Industries not surveyed individually. Population equivalent based on comprehensive sewer gaging and sampling program of city. Presentation of Laboratory Data The laboratory data for the Little Miami River Basin are summarized in table Lm-7 (p. 655). Selected results of the analytical observations are shown in table Lm-5 to depict typical low flow conditions at major points on the Little Miami River and major tributaries. Spot symbol maps showing the most unfavorable monthly average coli- form, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand results are presented in figures Mi-3, Mi-4, and Mi-5 (p. 610), respectively. Table Lm-5.—Little Miami River; Selected laboratory data—Main stream and tributaries River Little Miami Above Little Miami Below Little Miami Above Little Miami Below Turtle Creek 31.2 August Little Miami Above Little Miami Below Little Miami Beech- River miles above mouth of Little Miami. Yellow Springs 85.5 July- Septem- ber Yellow Springs 84 Juiy- Turtle Creek 33.8 August Milford 14.2 August Milford 13.3 August mont Bridge 4.3 Septem- Septem- ber ber- October Number of samples 3 3 3 3 1 1 4 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days. 64 64 1.0 1.0 105 105 125 57. 5 57.5 72 Water temperature °C 19.8 18.5 22.8 23.5 23.5 17.6 Coliforms per milliliter 31 21 47 18 4 23 4,580 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million._ .... ....... 7.6 8.2 7.8 8.3 7.9 9 2.8 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.5 2.7 2.9 6.5 652 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Lm-5.—Little Miami River; Selected laboratory data—Main stream and tributaries—Continued River Location River miles above: Confluence with Little Miami. Mouth of Little Miami Period, 1939 Shawnee Creek Below Xenia 1 76.1 August Todd Fork Above Wilming- ton 27.5 66.5 October Todd Fork Below Wilming- ton 20.5 59.5 October East Fork Above Lynch- burg 73 85 October East Fork Below Lynch- burg 68 80 October East Fork Above Batavia 13 25 Septem- ber East Fork Below Baatvia S 20 Septem- ber Number of samples 2 2 2 1 1 1 l Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 Minimum month 1.3 Water temperature, °C_ 20.5 12.0 10.8 20.0 21.0 19.0 19.0 Coliforms per milliliter.. 23,500 1, 275 2,765 23 4 64 9 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5.2 2.7 1.6 2.5 5.6 6.2 4.4 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 6.7 4.6 16.2 3.5 3.2 2.5 3.8 At most stations in the basin, monthly average coliform results exceeding 200 per milliliter were observed during at least 1 month. High results were obtained from April to August 1939 and low results from September 1939 to April 1940. The most rapid coliform reduc- tion in the stretches below sources of pollution occurred during the period August 1939 through January 1940, when discharges were low. The dissolved oxygen results were generally more favorable than the coliform results. While complete oxygen depletion was observed below Lebanon and Bethel and monthly averages of less than 3.0 parts per million were observed below Wilmington, Jamestown, Xenia, Lynchburg, and at Beechmont, reaeration appears to bring about a recovery in dissolved oxygen within comparatively short distances below sources of pollution. Maximum monthly average biochemical oxygen demand results of more than 5.0 parts per million were found at 49 percent of the stations in the basin. At 30 percent of the stations the highest monthly average was from 3.1 to 5.0 parts per million, and at 21 percent of the stations it was less than 3.0 parts per million. The highest results, 93, 46, and 43 parts per million, were observed below Wilmington, Lebanon, and Bethel, respectively. However, except below a few sources of pollution, such as Xenia and the above three municipalities, few results were in excess of 3.0 parts per million, so the picture as presented by the most unfavorable monthly average is somewhat darker than was actually the case over much of the sampling period. Samples from Beechmont were influenced by sewage from the Cincinnati area. Results obtained during January 1940 over the entire basin were influenced by the extremely cold weather and by ice in the streams. Biological summary.—The plankton of the Little Miami River were found to be abundant in species and numbers. The main stream is well supplied with fertilizer by the several small towns along its banks and average plankton volumes at the various sampling stations ranged from 2,000 to 6,000 parts per million. The plankton in the OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 653 tributaries was somewhat less except in Turtle Creek at South Lebanon where the population rose to 77,000 parts per million on 1 day. Hydrometric Data Of the three gaging stations in the basin, two are on the Little Miami at Milford and Spring Valley and one on East Fork at Perin- town. Springs in headwaters influence critical low flows in the Little Miami, but flows in East Fork are extremely erratic, with long periods of near zero discharge. Table Lm-6.—Little Miami River Basin; Monthly mean summer flows cubic feet ;per second at gaging stations for years in which low summer flows have occurred River Little Miami Little Miami East Fork Location Above East Near town Near town Fork at Spring Perin- Milford Valley town River miles above: 6 Mouth of Little Miami 14 63 18 Drainage area, square miles 1,195 361 477 Period of record, 1924-39 1925-36 1924-39 Year 1930 1930 1930 June cubic feet per second.. 150 84 4.3 July . do 78 53 11.3 August do 78 44 1.8 September. do 123 44 14 Year 1936 1932 1936 June cubic feet per second.. 147 419 12 July ....do.... 86 350 4.4 do 61 19 do 49 64 Year 1939 1934 1939 June cubic feet per second.. 1,240 44 157 July do 936 69 124 August do 191 231 41 September do 1 70 35 i 1.3 i Minimum flow. Proposed stream control.—Five proposed flood-control reservoirs on the Little Miami River and its tributaries have been studied by the United States Engineer Department as follows: Reservoir Stream Miles above mouth of Little Miami River Little Miami .. - 68 Caesar Creek 53 Little Miami - 40 Todd Fork 43 East Fork East Fork 44 Increased low flow from these reservoirs would be beneficial to the extensive recreational uses of the Little Miami River and its tribu- taries. However, only the East Fork Reservoir would create tan- gible monetary benefits to pollution abatement by reducing the extent of treatment needed for pollution control. 654 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Discussion Pollution problems in the basin are minor and of local significance and can be solved by practical treatment methods. Industrial waste is limited to eight relatively small seasonal canneries and the waste problem can be corrected by chemical treatment or ponding with controlled diversion. All industrial waste is discharged to tributary streams. Little Miami River below East Fork.—This section is the most highly polluted in the basin. Below mile 5 the Cincinnati metropoli- tan district contributes a population load of 129,000. Cincinnati is constructing intercepting sewers to divert this waste to a point of treatment with subsequent discharge direct to the Ohio River. East Fork.—With extended periods of near zero flow on the East Fork (table Lm-6) the sources of pollution, although minor, will require fairly complete treatment to control local nuisance conditions during summer droughts. Normal stream uses are restricted to stock watering and limited recreation. Low stream discharges limit the value of the stream for recreation. At Batavia secondary treatment is needed and appears justified by stream uses below the outfall. Primary treatment would be sufficient at Batavia if the proposed East Fork reservoir is operated for low-flow control incidental to flood control. Such operation would require no additional cost in reservoir construction and would ensure the adequacy of Batavia’s public water supply taken from the East Fork. Intangible benefits would be substantial. The flows would provide dilution for residual pollution and would increase the recreational value of the lower East Fork and Little Miami Rivers. Little Miami above East Fork.—Minor pollution problems exist due to inadequate waste treatment below Blanchester, Lebanon, Wil- mington, and Xenia. These problems are purely local and can be corrected by secondary treatment at Blanchester and additions or improvements to existing facilities at the other three places. Cost estimates for remedial measures are summaiized in table Lm-1. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 655 Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent of satura- - tion Sept. 7,1939 1 18.0 4.0 41.4 4.4 150 7.9 Charleston, Ohio. Do Oct. 4,1939 Nov 1,1939 1 16.0 7.5 75.7 2. 5 460 7.9 Do 1 7.5 13.8 114.6 1.6 73 8.3 Do Dec 12,1939 2.0 16.6 120.1 1.6 15 8.0 Do Jan. 11,1940 0 8.6 58.7 .6 9 7.7 19.5 6.6 70.7 1.5 36 7.9 Little Miami Hivtir, helovv South Charleston, Ohio. r>n Oct. 4,1939 1 20.5 9.5 104.6 5. 5 110 8. 3 Do Nov. 1,1939 1 8.0 12.1 101.6 2.2 75 8.3 Do Dee. 12! 1939 2.0 14.9 107.4 2.2 43 8.1 Do Jan. 11,1940 0 12.2 83.4 .9 460 7.7 24.0 7.4 87. 3 .7 23 Springs, Ohio. Do Aug. 25,1939 21.5 8.1 91.4 .8 24 8.1 Do SeDt. 22,1939 14.0 7.4 71.1 1.0 46 7.9 Do Oct 20,1939 12.5 Lost .9 8 7.7 Do Nov. 17. 1939 7.0 10.1 82.7 .6 1 7.6 Do Dec. 29,1939 2.0 10.5 75.6 .4 2 7.7 155 22.0 7.3 82.9 .8 36 Springs, Ohio. Do Aug. 25,1939 22 19.5 8.8 95.1 1.4 4 8.1 Do Sept. 22’ 1939 14 14.0 8.5 81.8 1.3 24 8.0 Oct. 20, 1939 19 10.0 10.1 89.4 .8 4 7.9 Do Nov. 17’ 1939 21 4.5 13.0 100.1 .5 1 7.9 Dee. 29,1939 1.0 14.3 100.3 1.3 4 8.0 25 0 8.0 95. 2 1.4 460 22.0 7.3 93.1 2.9 1,100 July 17,1939 18.5 6.2 65.7 1.2 36 July 28! 1939 24.5 6.8 80.2 1.6 73 Aug. 14,1939 24.5 5. 5 64.6 1.4 240 8.0 Aug. 25! 1939 17.5 4.5 46.3 1.8 93 8.1 Sept. 22,1939 16.0 6.9 69.1 1.0 24 8.0 Oct. 20! 1939 12.5 7.5 70.2 1.3 4 7.9 Nov. 17,1939 6.5 11.3 92.0 1.0 24 7.8 Do do Dec. 29! 1939 1.0 11.7 82.0 1.0 4 7.8 Table Lm—7.—Little Miami River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results 90035—44—pt. 2 33 656 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average discharge, cubic feet per second Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Shawnee Creek, below Xenia, Ohio.. June 22,1939 June 29.1939 24.0 21.5 6.6 78.0 6.4 4,600 11,000 7.3 81.6 5.3 July 17.1939 July 28,1939 Aue. 14.1939 Aug. 25,1939 Sept. 22,1939 Oct. 20,1939 3 19.0 7.1 75.9 1.8 360 3 24.5 6.1 72.2 1.8 360 1 24.0 5.4 63.3 3.6 230 7.9 1 17.5 2.4 25.3 3.7 1,500 7.3 1 16.0 5.2 52.3 1.4 24 7.9 1 13.0 2.6 24.9 5.4 46 7.6 Nov. 17,1939 Dec. 29,1939 1 7.5 4.3 35.9 4.4 43 7.6 1.0 5.6 39.4 11.0 230 7.6 Shawnee Creek, below Xenia, Ohio.. June 22,1939 June 29,1939 July 17,1939 July 28,1939 Aug. 14,1939 Aug. 25,1939 Sept.'22,1939 Oct. 20,1939 Nov. 17,1939 Dec. 29,1939 Feb. 20,1939 24.5 21.5 7.1 84.4 5.1 11,000 11,000 7.1 79.3 5.0 17.0 6.2 63.7 7.8 1,500 22.0 6.6 75.3 6.8 930 23.5 6.5 75.9 7.2 930 8.0 17.5 3.9 40.1 6.2 46,000 7.8 15.0 6.9 67.7 6.8 240 8.0 13.0 4.8 45.6 6.6 1,100 7.8 8.0 6.3 52.8 5.7 750 7.7 2.0 7.0 60.5 6.5 11,000 7.6 Little Miami River, Waynesville, 7.5 10.4 86.2 3.8 150 Ohio. Feb. 23,1939 Feb. 28,1939 Mar. 8,1939 Mar. 16,1939 Mar. 24,1939 Mar. 28,1939 Apr. 3,1939 Apr. 13,1939 Apr. 19,1939 Apr. 25,1939 May 5,1939 May 11,1939 May 15,1939 May 23,1939 May 29,1939 June 8,1939 1.0 13.2 93.1 1.6 93 6.5 11.8 96.0 3.6 93 6.5 11.9 96.5 1.3 4 7.5 10.8 99.5 .6 23 11.5 10.7 98.0 .7 36 9.0 11.8 101.8 1.5 43 8.5 11.5 98.3 .6 4 7.5 12.1 100.7 1.2 43 8.5 10.6 90.3 2.0 93 15.5 9.1 90.9 .9 75 14.0 10.1 97.7 1.0 9 15.5 8.9 88.5 1.1 24 16.0 9.7 97.6 1.2 15 21.5 8.0 90.0 1.3 3 21.5 7. 5 84.1 1.8 46 Do — 23.5 7.3 84.9 1.3 15 Table Lm-7— Little Miami River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 657 go / do Do / ./ June 14,1939 / Jan. 18,1940 Jan. 31,1940 Feb. 8,1940 Feb. 16,1940 Feb. 23,1940 Feb. 29,1940 Mar. 6,1940 Mar. 12,1940 Mar. 18,1940 Mar. 26,1940 Apr. 3,1940 Aug. 14,1939 Aug. 25,1939 Oct. 4,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Dec. 12,1939 Jan. 11,1940 Aug. 14,1939 Aug. 25,1939 Oct. 4,1939 Nov. 1,1939 Dec. 12,1939 Jan. 11,1910 June 21,1939 June 29,1939 July 17,1939 July 27,1939 Aug. 16,1939 Sept. 5,1939 Oct. 2,1939 Oct. 30,1939 Dec. 8,1939 Jan. 9,1940 June 21,1939 June 29,1939 July 17,1939 July 27,1939 Aug. 16,1939 Sept. 5,1939 Oct. 2,1939 Oct. 30,1939 Dec. 8,1939 Jan. 9,1940 Feb. 20,1939 Feb. 23,1939 Feb. 28,1939 / / I** / 8.4 I 84.9 / 5.0 I 1,100 1 1 / 1 Do Lost 12.5 12.7 13.6 12.9 12. 7 12.2 12.3 12.1 13.5 10.0 3.1 3.4 3.0 3.2 9.0 1.7 1.8 3.1 3.4 9.1 13.5 5.2 7.2 7.9 9.1 8.9 4.5 .5 3.8 2.7 9.1 1.0 7.9 7.6 12.9 9.5 9.4 8.9 .2 1.9 240 .8 23 7.8 7.9 7.6 8.0 7.8 7.8 7.6 7.8 8.0 7.8 8.0 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.7 7.6 7.7 8.1 7.7 Do n 0 1.0 1.0 3.5 5.0 4.0 1.5 13.0 8.0 16.0 23.0 18.0 15.0 5.0 2.0 0 22.5 17.0 12.0 5.0 1.5 0 23.5 23.5 18.0 24.5 21.5 18.5 15.0 9.0 3.0 0 24.0 23.5 21.5 25.5 23.0 18.5 13.5 85.5 89.5 95.7 97.0 99.2 92.8 87.8 114.0 113.7 100.5 35.4 35.8 29.1 25.2 65.2 11.6 21.1 32.2 31.4 70.9 96.2 35.5 84.3 91.7 95.2 105.3 50.8 5.4 27.6 23.0 67.5 6.8 92.4 87.8 144.8 114.8 108.3 94.3 2.0 25.8 5.9 16.2 86.4 95.2 93.3 * Do 5.4 1,2 1.0 1.4 1.5 1.1 .6 1.0 1.2 8.7 3.1 4.8 4.5 1.8 1.3 5.0 5.3 5.3 3.6 2.4 1.6 5.7 1.5 1.0 1.4 2.8 8.9 3.5 5.7 2.1 5.5 2.2 3.7 1.4 4.4 1.3 6.1 23.4 9.0 76.3 93. 1 5.6 1.2 3-6 230 43 210 43 240 9 8 4 24 1,100 36 43 9 (') 1 460 230 4,600 230 23 9 2,400 240 230 91 240 930 2,400 150 36 93 230 1,500 36 430 36 93 4,600 930 24, 000 110,000 150 43 1,100 Do Do Do Do Do „ Do. do do___ Do South Caesar Creek, above James- town, Ohio. Do Do LmC 83 Do Do Do South Caesar Creek, below James- town, Ohio. Do Do “ LmC 81.5 do. 1 1 1 1 Do Do Do Lyttlc Creek, above Wilmington, Ohio. Do Do... LmL 66.5 .—.do do Do Do Do 7.6 Do r 7.5 7.3 Sl Do Do Dyttle Creek, below Wilmington, Ohio. Do Do LmL 59.5. .. 2 2 1 1 1 1 Do . Do Do 8.2 Do Do 7.7 7.6 Do O- U | 3.1 Do 0. u 1.0 7.5 .5 6.5 1 .8 2.3 10.4 13.7 11.5 1 Todds Fork, Clarksville, Ohio Do LmT 54 Do... — 1 Less than 1, 658 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Todds Fork, Clarksville, Ohio. LmT 54 Mar. 8.1939 4.5 12.9 99.3 .9 23 Do do Mar. 16,1939 5.0 12.0 93.6 .4 43 Do Mar. 24,1939 11.0 11.4 103.2 4.8 30 Do.... Mar. 28,1939 6.5 12.6 101.9 3.4 93 Do Apr. 3,1939 7.0 11.9 98.1 .7 43 Do Apr. 13,1939 6.0 13.1 105.3 1.0 75 Do Apr. 19,1939 8.5 11.2 95.6 1.3 75 Do Apr. 25,1939 15.0 9.9 97.7 .8 3 Do... May 5,1939 14.0 10.5 101.3 1.1 3 Do May 11,1939 16.5 9.0 91.8 .7 2 Do May 15,1939 16.0 9.6 96.2 .7 8 Do May 23,1939 23.0 7.6 87.3 2.4 240 Do.. May 29,1939 23.5 8.0 93.4 1.7 23 Do do.. June 8,1939 25.0 6.8 81.6 2.6 110 Do June 14,1939 16.0 8.9 89.8 3.4 460 Little Miami River, above mouth of Lm 33.8 June 23,1939 22.5 7.5 86.1 2.5 930 Turtle Creek, South Lebanon, Ohio. Do July 7,1939 26.5 6.8 84.2 2.6 91 Do July 19,1939 21.5 7.8 87.2 2.4 430 Do. Aug. 2,1939 23.5 7.4 86.0 1.0 91 Do Aug. 11,1939 23.0 8.2 94.1 1.3 36 Do Aug. 30,1939 22.0 7.8 87.9 1.6 15 8 1 Do do.. Sept. 27,1939 18.5 8.0 84.4 1.6 9 7 9 Do do Oct. 25,1939 13.5 9.3 88.6 1.5 4 7.9 Do... do. Nov. 22,1939 5.5 11.5 90.7 1.3 2 8.0 Do Jan. 4,1940 0 14.0 96.0 .9 1 8.0 Turtle Creek, above Lebanon, Ohio. LmTu 41.6 June 23,1939 21.0 7.8 86.4 1.3 150 Do July 7,1939 26.6 6.6 81.0 2.5 390 Do July 19,1939 21.5 6.5 73.0 2.1 230 Do Aug. 2,1939 23.5 6.7 77.4 1.0 230 Do Aug. 11,1939 21.0 6.2 69.0 1.3 91 Do... do Aug. 30,1939 18.5 5.4 57.4 4.6 93 7. 6 Do Sept. 27,1939 15.0 5.6 55.3 1.4 5 7.5 Do.. Nov. 22,1939 8.0 8.0 67.4 2.0 2 7.6 Do Jan. 4,1940 1.0 5.0 35.1 .9 4 7.9 Table Lm-7.—Little Miami River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 659 Turtle Creek, above sewage, Leba- non, Ohio. Do. LmTu 39.0.. . June 23,1939 July 7,1939 21.5 25.5 7.3 6.6 82.2 79.5 1.7 2.6 30 91 do Do do July 19^1939 21.5 6.4 72.4 2.4 430 Do Aug. 2, 1939 22.5 5. 5 63.3 1.4 430 Do do Aug. ll| 1939 21.5 2.4 27.2 6.9 11,000 Do Aug. 30^1939 20.0 0 0 35.3 93, 000 Do Sept. 27j 1939 17.0 0 0 18.3 43,000 7.5 Do Oct. 25,1939 13.0 3.4 32.4 4.4 ' 360 7.6 Do do Nov. 22,1939 7.0 .2 1.8 45.9 24, 000 7.5 Do 0 7.4 50.6 6.9 91 7.9 Do Jan. 24,1940 2.0 5 8 41.8 .8 9 7.5 LmTu 37.8 Feb. 20,1939 8.0 10.4 88.0 2.7 240 Do do Feb. 23,1939 3.0 12.4 91.7 2.3 460 Do Feb. 28,1939 8.0 11.0 92.4 3.2 1,100 Do Mar. 8,1939 7.0 11.9 97. 8 1.0 93 Do Mar. 16,1939 6.0 10.9 87.5 2.2 93 Do Mar. 24,1939 13.0 8. 5 80.3 2.1 2,400 Do Mar. 28', 1939 6.5 12.0 97.0 2.6 '460 Do Apr. 3’ 1939 8.5 11.3 96.2 .7 91 Do Apr. 13,1939 6.0 12.3 98.6 1.4 93 Do Apr. 19,1939 8.0 10.8 91.2 2.9 1,100 Do Apr. 25,1939 15.0 8.8 86.7 1.2 240 Do 14.5 11.9 115.6 2.6 930 Do May 11,1939 15,0 7.1 70.0 2.6 2,400 Do May 15,1939 15. 5 8.5 84.6 3.7 '930 Do . May 23,1939 22.0 5. 3 60.0 7.5 2,400 Do May 29’, 1939 21. 5 5.0 56.1 4.4 if 000 Do 3 24. 5 2. 7 31.7 7.6 if 000 Do June if 1939 3 17. 5 7.4 76.8 4.1 ' 750 Do 3 22.0 5.1 57.8 2.1 36 Do July 7,1939 2 25. 5 5.0 59.8 2.6 750 Do July 19’1939 2 21. 5 4 7 52. 7 2.3 2,400 Do Aug. 2,1939 1 21.0 3 8 42. 7 2.8 4,600 Do do Aug. ll‘, 1939 i 20. 5 1.0 10. 5 7.4 240,000 Do Aug. 30,1939 1 19 0 o o 79.3 150| 000 7.5 Do ___do Sept. 27', 1939 i 17.0 o 0 46.0 240, 000 7.5 Do do Oct. 25,’1939 2 13 5 o 0 * 38.0 23i 000 7.5 Do Nov. 22' 1939 1 7 0 1.2 9.9 15.7 15,000 7.5 Do 0 2.9 20.1 55.0 2| 300 7.8 Do o 7. 2 48.9 29.2 11; 000 7.5 Do LmTu 34.2 21. 5 7. 2 80.8 1.9 '230 Do July 7,1939 25 5 6. 5 78.8 2.9 930 Do July I'd,1939 21.0 7.1 79.2 2.5 230 Do Aug. 2,1939 22 5 7.3 83.1 1.2 150 Do Aug. if 1939 20.5 7. 2 78.7 1.8 30 Do .. Aug. 30,'1939 19. 5 5.8 63.2 2.5 7 7.9 Do Sep“t. 27,1939 16. 5 6. 6 67.0 5.4 24 7.9 Do Oct. 25,1939 13 0 7.0 65.6 2.2 23 7.9 Do Nov. 22,1939 4.5 9. 0 69.8 3.9 24 7.8 Do . Jan. 4,1940 , o 10.1 69.1 1.2 2 7.9 Do do Jan. 24,1940 0 8.4 57.6 13.1 1,100 7.5 660 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL - Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Little Miami River, Kings Mills, Ohio. Do Lm 31.2 June 23,1939 July 7,1939 July 19,1939 Aug. 2,1939 Aug. 11,1939 Aug. 30,1939 Sept. 27,1939 Oct. 25,1939 Nov. 22,1939 Jan. 4,1940 Feb. 20,1939 Feb. 23,1939 Feb. 28,1939 Mar. 8,1939 Mar. 16,1939 Mar. 24,1939 Mar. 28,1939 Apr. 3,1939 Apr. 13,1939 Apr. 19,1939 Apr. 25,1939 May 5,1939 May 11,1939 May 15,1939 May 23,1939 May 29,1939 June 8,1939 June 14,1939 Jan. 18,1940 Jan. 31,1940 Feb. 8,1940 Feb. 16,1940 Feb. 23,1940 Feb. 29,1940 Mar. 6,1940 Mar. 12,1940 Mar. 18,1940 Mar. 26,1940 Apr. 3,1940 22.5 7.8 89.4 2.3 230 do 26.0 7.2 87.2 2.5 160 Do 21.5 8.0 89.2 1.8 430 Do 24.5 7.8 92.7 1.0 36 Do 24.0 8.9 104.5 1.8 9 Do do_ 22.0 8.3 93.7 1.5 9 8.1 Do 19.5 8.2 88.0 1.3 4 8.1 Do 13.5 9.2 87.7 1.5 2 8.0 Do do 6.5 11.3 92.0 1.4 4 7.9 Do 0 13.9 94.9 .6 240 8.0 Little Miami River, Foster, Ohio Do Lm 28.6 8.5 10.4 88.7 3.8 1,100 0 Broken 2.0 93 Do do. 6. £ 12.2 99.6 2.5 150 Do 6.0 12.2 97.4 .9 43 Do 7.0 11.1 90.9 .9 23 Do do 11.0 10.9 98.3 .6 30 Do do 7.0 12.3 100.8 4.2 240 Do do 7.5 11.6 96.3 .8 36 Do do__ 7.0 12.0 99.0 1.3 460 Do do 9.5 10.8 93.8 2.1 150 Do 15.5 9.7 96.1 .7 23 Do ... do. ... 14.5 10.4 101.3 1.2 9 Do 17.5 9.3 96.8 1.2 2 Do do 16.0 9.4 94.5 1.4 2 Do do 23.0 7.6 88.0 1.1 2 Do 23.5 6.4 75.0 1.9 46 Do 25.0 7.1 85.1 1.5 9 Do 16.5 8.0 81.0 4.1 1,100 460 Do 0 Lost 3.5 7.6 Do 0 12.9 88.2 ' 1.6 43 8.0 Do 1.0 11.9 83.8 6.8 230 7.5 Do 1.5 14.1 100.3 1.7 43 7.9 Do 2.5 13.6 99.7 1.1 43 7.8 Do 4.0 13.6 103.4 3.0 150 7.7 Do 4.0 12.8 97.5 1.7 93 7.6 Do- 3.0 12.6 93.5 .6 9 7.9 Do 12.0 11.6 107.1 .6 1 7.9 Do 6.5 13.5 109.6 .9 2 8.2 Do do. 16.0 9.3 93.7 1.6 93 8.0 Table Lm-7.—Little Miami River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 661 Little Miami River, above Love- land, Ohio. Do _ Lm 24.6.. June 22,1939 June 29,1939 24.0 23.5 7.1 7.2 82.9 84.1 4.1 2.8 2,400 1,100 Do.. do July 1939 24.0 10.7 125.8 2. 7 36 Do do July 28.1939 26.0 6.5 79.3 4.1 2,100 Do do Aug. 28,1939 22.5 7.9 90.3 1.7 36 8.1 Do do Sept. 25,1939 20.0 9.4 102. 7 4.5 5 7. 9 Do... do Oct. 23,1939 12.0 9.7 89.6 1. 8 9 8.0 Do Nov. 20,1939 6.5 12.2 99.0 2.0 1 8.0 Do do Jan. 2,1940 0 15. 5 105.8 .8 (') 8.6 Little Miami River below Loveland, Lm 23.6 July 28,1939 1,455 25.0 6.4 76.6 4.3 4,600 Ohio. Do i do Aug. 28,1939 89 22.5 7.9 90.6 1. 7 36 8.1 Do do Sept. 25,1939 57 19.5 9.7 105.0 3.6 5 8.2 Do do Oct. 23,1939 58 12.0 9.7 89.6 1.8 2 8.0 Do Nov. 20,1939 93 7.0 11.9 97.8 1.1 2 8.0 Do do. Jan. 2,1940 0 15.0 102.9 . 6 24 8.0 Do Lm 22.0 June 22,1940 24.0 7.1 83.4 3.7 1,100 Do do. June 29,1940 23.5 7.1 82.3 3.8 1,100 Do do July 17,1940 1,455 25.0 10.7 127.7 3.1 36 Little Miami River, above Milford, Lm 14.2 Aug. 28,1939 23.5 7.9 92.1 2.6 3 8.1 Ohio. Do do Sept. 26,1939 20.5 8.4 92.2 3.9 5 7.9 Do do.. Oct. 23; 1939 12.5 9.5 88.7 2. 5 1 8. i Do do Nov. 20,1939 7.0 11.8 97.3 1. 3 24 8.0 Do do Jan. 2,1940 0 15.5 105.8 0 43 8.0 Little Miami River, below Milford, Lm 13.5... Fob. 20,1939 12,100 8.5 10.4 89.1 3. 7 75 Ohio. Do do_. Feb. 23,1939 1,700 0 1.3 43 Do do Feb. 28,1939 6.5 12.4 101.0 2.2 43 Do do Mar. 8,1939 i, 166 5.0 11.2 87.1 1.0 43 Do do Mar. 16,1939 1,300 6.0 11.0 84.5 1.0 9 8.2 63 202 Do Mar. 24,1939 '400 9.5 10.9 95.1 1. 2 30 8.0 7 254 Do do. Mar. 28,1939 4,700 6.0 12.1 97.0 4.5 240 8.2 600 91 Do... do Apr. 3,1939 L100 7.0 11.5 94.2 .9 30 8.0 38 203 Do do... Apr. 13,1939 1,400 6.0 11.7 93.8 1.9 93 7.9 120 176 Do do Apr. 19; 1943 4,800 9.5 10.5 91.4 2. 6 460 7.7 260 142 Do do Apr. 25,1939 1,100 14.0 9.6 92.9 1.0 9 8.0 35 229 Do do May 5,1939 500 14.0 10.6 101.8 1.1 3 8.0 17 237 Do.. do May 11,1939 400 17.5 8.8 91.2 1.2 2 7.6 8 157 Do.... do.. May 15,1939 300 15.5 8.8 87.1 .9 2 8.1 5 231 Do do May 23,1939 300 22.0 7.9 89.2 2 7 4 7.7 450 82 Do do. Mav 29,1939 270 23.5 7.2 84.1 2.3 46 8.1 55 214 Do do June 8,1939 120 24.5 7.4 87.8 1.4 24 8.4 117 175 Do.. June 14,1939 2, 365 17.0 8.7 88.9 4.7 1,100 8.5 775 52 Do do.. June 22,1939 3, 760 24.0 6.6 77.0 3. 6 2,100 7.7 950 86 Do do. June 30,1939 7,360 23.0 7.0 80.3 2.7 '930 Do do July 18,1939 118 23.0 8.0 92.2 1.8 150 Do do. J July 31,1939 210 22.5 7.5 86.1 1.4 93 1 Less than 1. 662 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Lm 13 5 Aug. 15,1939 165 26.5 7.1 87.2 1.9 230 Ohio. Do 18,1940 311 0 Lost 2.7 460 7.7 Do 31,1940 119 0 12. 6 86.2 7.5 43 7.9 Do Feb. 8,1940 791 1.0 13.4 93.9 7.1 210 7.5 Do Feb. 16.1940 564 1.0 13.9 97.5 1.9 23 7.9 Do Feb. 23,1940 739 1.5 13.5 96.4 1.1 93 7.8 Do Feb. 29,1940 1,190 3.0 13.5 99.9 1.5 43 7.8 Do 6,1940 2, 440 3.0 12.5 93.0 1.5 150 7.6 Do 12,1940 530 3.0 12.7 94.4 1.1 9 7.9 Do 18i 1940 505 10.0 11.7 103.4 .8 2 8.0 Do 26,1940 306 6.0 13.5 108.1 .9 2 8.2 Do 3,1940 600 16.0 10.0 101.0 1.5 4 8.1 Do 28,1939 226 23.5 9.0 104.3 2.9 23 8.2 Do 1939 115 20.0 8.0 87.0 3.1 46 8.0 Do 23,1939 123 12.5 10.2 94.8 2.2 23 8.1 Do 20, 1939 209 6.0 11. 6 92.8 1.3 93 8.0 Do 2,1940 171 0 14.8 101.1 .7 7 8.0 T.mF.fT 81 Oct. 9,1939 21.5 3.9 44.1 5.1 36 7.9 Ohio. Do . 6.1939 6.0 4.2 33.4 4.7 21 7.5 Do 15,1.939 2.5 13.5 99.0 3.4 9 7.8 Do 25,1940 0 12.8 87.3 4.4 9 7.5 Oct. 9,1939 1 20.0 2. 5 27.6 3.5 23 7.7 Lynchburg, Ohio. Do 6,1939 1 3.0 6.8 50.7 2.0 4 7. 6 Do Dec. 15| 1939 1.5 11.9 85.0 1.4 2 7.9 Do 25,1940 0 9.2 63.3 1.1 4 7.5 Oct. 9,1939 1 21.0 5.6 61.8 3 2 4 7.8 Lynchburg, Ohio. Do 6,1939 1 5.0 10.3 80.5 1.8 240 7. S Do 15', 1939 1.5 10.8 77.0 1.6 93 7.8 Do 25,1940 0 10.0 68.7 .9 46 7.6 LmEf 4fi 2 June 21,1939 25.0 6.6 78.4 2.1 23 Williamsburg, Ohio. Do 30,1939 25.0 7.0 83.5 .7 36 Do July 18,’ 1939 22.5 6.8 78.1 2.6 93 Do July 3l| 1939 24.0 7.1 83.7 1.2 15 Do do Aug. 15,1939 26.0 6.2 75.2 2.4 24 Table Lm-7.—Little Miami River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 663 Do Aug. 29,1939 Sept. 26,1939 Oct. 24,1939 Nov. 21,1939 Jan. 3,1940 June 21,1939 June 30,1939 July 18,1939 July 31,1939 Aug. 15,1939 Aug. 29,1939 Sept. 26,1939 Oct. 24,1939 Nov. 21,1939 Jan. 3,1940 Aug. 1,1939 Sept. 11,1939 Aug. 1,1939 Sept. 11,1939 June 21,1939 June 30,1939 July 18,1939 July 31,1939 Aug. 15,1939 Aug. 29,1939 Sept. 26,1939 Oct. 24,1939 Nov. 21,1939 Jan. 3,1940 22.5 6.5 74.5 2.1 5 7.5 Do 19.0 8.0 85.9 3.4 29 7.7 Do 11.5 8.8 80.2 2.4 2 7.6 Do 6.5 10.4 84.2 3.5 2 7.6 Do 0 12.8 87.5 1.6 2 7.9 East Fork Little Miami River, below Williamsburg, Ohio. Do T/mTCf 45 0 26.5 7.1 87.0 1.5 91 25.0 7.2 85.7 1.7 36 Do 22.0 6.7 76.1 5.7 1,100 Do 23.5 7.5 87.4 1.4 91 Do 27.0 6.0 74.1 2.1 40 Do 22.0 6.9 78.1 1.8 240 7.6 Do 1 20.0 6.2 67.2 3.9 240 7.5 Do 3 12.0 8.1 75.1 4.0 23 7.5 Do 7 6.0 6.5 52.1 11.0 1,100 7.4 Do 0 13.6 92.8 3.1 73 7.8 T/mTCfTn 44 5 21.5 3.8 42.3 2.2 93 Do 17.5 1.8 18.7 5.1 430 22.0 3.7 42.2 3.7 1,100 Do 17.5 0 0 42.6 15,000 East Fork, Little Miami River, above Batavia, Ohio. Do 27.0 7.5 93.2 1.8 75 24.0 7.3 85.6 2.0 91 Do 23.5 7.4 86.0 2.5 1,100 Do 23.5 8.3 96.5 1.5 36 Do 26.5 7.2 89.1 1.7 110 Do 21.5 7.7 86.4 1.5 110 7.9 Do 19.0 6.2 66.3 2.5 64 7.7 Do 11.5 5.2 47.2 7.2 2,400 7.5 Do 6.0 10.4 83.1 4.5 4,600 7.6 Do 0 15.0 102.3 1.3 36 7.9 East Fork, Little Miami River, below Batavia, Ohio. Do T/mTCf 24 2 July 18; 1939 July 31,1939 Aug. 15,1939 Aug. 29,1939 Sept. 26,1939 Oct. 24,1939 Nov. 21,1939 23.5 5.8 67.8 3.0 2,400 430 23.5 7.0 81.6 1.4 Do 25.5 4.5 54.5 1.8 460 Do 23.0 7.6 87.7 2.3 39 7.6 Do 2 19.0 4.4 47.4 3.8 9 7.5 Do 4 11.0 8.4 76.0 8.3 4 7.9 Do 10 6.5 4.9 40.0 3.4 46 7.5 Do Jan. 3,1940 0 13.4 91.5 5.1 240 7.8 Do 27.0 7.2 88.7 1.6 36 Do June 30,1939 May 11,1939 May 15,1939 May 23,1939 May 29,1939 June 8,1939 June 14,1939 24.0 6.8 79.7 2.1 430 East Fork Little Miami River at mouth. Do T/mRf 12 7 18.0 8.4 88.6 2.1 9 16.5 8.6 87.7 2.2 4 Do 21.0 5.9 65.6 2.3 240 Do 24.5 7.7 91.6 3.6 30 Do 24.5 5.9 69.5 2.7 110 Do 19.0 6.5 69.7 2.1 43 Do June 21,1939 June 30,1939 24.5 6.7 78.9 1.8 240 Do do 22.5 6.6 75.7 3.2 930 664 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH T urbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Jtl]y 1Q3Q 23 5 7.3 84.5 1.8 73 mouth. July 31,1939 23.0 6.2 71.5 1.8 43 26.5 6.8 83.3 2.8 36 22.5 5.6 64.3 2.4 46 7.6 Sep't. 26,1939 2 20.0 8.7 91.7 2.0 24 7.7 Oct. 24] 1939 6 13.0 7.8 73.6 2.7 2 7.7 Nov. 2l]1939 14 7.5 11.2 93.5 2.2 2 7.6 0 13.1 89.3 3.2 8 7.8 Jan. 18] 1940 0 Lost 4.2 93 7.7 Jan. 24,1940 0 11.3 77.3 2.3 36 7.5 Jan. 30,1940 0 10.1 69.2 3.1 2 7.7 Feb. 8,1940 0 13.0 89.0 7.4 230 7.5 Feb. 16,1940 0 13.4 91.5 4.4 93 7.5 Feb. 23,1940 2.0 13.2 95.5 2.6 20 7.5 Feb. 29,1940 3.5 13.3 99.9 3.1 43 7.5 Mar. 6', 1940 3.5 11.5 86.7 2.4 43 7.4 Mar. 12,1940 3.0 11.7 86.8 1.4 11 7.8 Mar. is; 1940 10.0 10.8 95.0 .9 24 7.7 Mar. 26] 1940 7.0 11.9 97.6 .9 1 7.6 Apr. 3,1940 15.5 9.0 89.9 1.7 24 7.7 14.4 1.8 8.2 25 230 Iti"v 6i y Bridge - - - 13.1 1.6 8.1 36 155 .Tan 12 1939 12.4 5.1 8.2 25 123 Little Miami ftiveij Xieechmont Bridge. Jan. 13,1939 12.6 4.7 8.0 25 216 Jan. 16,1939 12.8 2.8 8.3 25 Jan. 17', 1939 12.8 2.4 8.3 25 197 Jan. 18.1939 12.8 2.2 8.2 25 Jan. 19,1939 12.8 2.6 8.1 36 142 13.0 1.5 8.1 25 146 Jan. 23,1939 13.2 1.9 8.0 96 140 Feb. 23,1939 2,500 0 Broken 2.2 240 Feb. 28] 1939 13] 500 5.0 12.5 97.5 1.9 240 Mar. 8,1939 l] 620 5.5 12.0 94.7 1.6 43 Mar. 16] 1939 2] 350 6.0 10.5 83.8 .8 39 Mar. 24] 19.-9 '588 9.5 10.6 92.8 .5 30 Mar. 28] 1939 6,910 5. 5 12.0 94.5 4.8 240 Do __ - do Apr. 3,1939 1,610 7.0 11.0 90.6 1.3 230 Table Lm-7.—Little Miami River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 665 Do . . Apr. 13,1939 2,060 5.5 11.3 89.6 2.4 240 Do 7', 050 10.0 9.5 84. 2 2.0 460 Do Apr. 1939 l’ 610 14.5 8.8 85.8 1.3 460 Do Mav 5,1939 ' 734 13.5 10.2 97.2 2.0 91 Do May 11,1939 587 18.0 7.5 78.4 2.8 430 Do May 15,1939 441 16.0 7.8 78.0 2. 4 2,400 Do. May 23,1939 441 21.5 6.5 73.0 4.2 930 Do May 29' 1939 397 23.0 6.1 70. 5 3.1 750 Do 176 24.0 5.6 65.7 3.4 4,600 Do 3,470 17.5 7.2 74.8 5.9 2,400 Do 5, 520 24.5 5.4 64.1 3.6 930 Do 10, 800 23.0 6.8 78.7 2,400 Do July 18,1939 ' 174 21.0 4.5 50.4 13.1 4,600 Do July 3lj 1939 308 22.5 6.9 78.9 2.1 4,600 Do Aug. 15,1939 228 25.5 3.8 46.4 4.0 4, 300 7.7 Do Aug. 28,1939 154 23.5 7.7 90.0 4.6 2,300 7.8 Do Sept. 11,1939 87 20.0 3.0 33.2 10.6 430 Do Sept. 25,1939 78 19. 5 1.5 16.5 1.6 4,600 7.5 Do Oct. 9,1939 79 19.5 2. 5 27.0 7.8 11,000 7.7 Do Oct. 23,1939 84 11.5 4.0 37.0 8.0 2,300 7.5 Do Nov. 6,1939 134 6.0 9.1 73.1 9.4 4, 300 7.6 - Do Nov. 20,1939 142 8.0 6.7 56.3 13.6 4, 600 7.6 Do Dec. 15,1939 167 3.5 12.0 90.0 7.5 1,100 7.9 Do Jan. 2,1940 120 0 12.5 85.5 5.6 2,100 7.7 Do Jan. 18,1940 456 0 Lost 3.5 2,400 7.7 170 Do Jan. 24,1940 308 0 12.6 86.0 5.0 2.400 7.6 Do Jan. 31,1940 175 0 11.8 80.8 5.1 4,600 7.9 Do Feb. 8,1940 1,160 3.0 13.0 96.7 8.1 930 7.6 Do Feb. 131940 '828 1.0 13.7 96.3 1.5 36 7.9 Do Feb. 23,1940 1,085 2.0 Lost 460 Do Feb. 231940 1, 750 2.0 13.3 96.0 1.3 150 7.8 Do Mar. 31940 3,580 3.5 12.0 90.2 2.5 93 7.5 Do Mar. 12,1940 779 4.0 12.1 92.2 3.2 1,100 7.5 Do Mar. 18,1940 742 9.0 11.6 100.3 .9 9 7.8 Do Mar. 23 1940 449 7.0 12. 2 100.6 1.6 93 8.0 Do Apr. 3,1940 881 15.0 9.8 96.8 1.6 93 8.1 Do Apr. 23,1940 8.0 2. 5 93 7.5 320 85 Do Apr. 24,1940 8.0 1.9 460 7.6 270 84 Do Apr. 25,1940 10.0 93 7.8 140 109 Do Apr. 231940 10.0 1.5 75 7.7 100 22 Do Apr. 29,1940 13.5 1.2 75 7.7 197 Do Apr. 30,1940 13.5 1.8 1,100 7.8 35 212 Do May 1,1940 15.0 2.4 240 7.8 160 220 Do May 2,1940 11.0 2.6 240 7.8 160 227 Do . May 3,1940 10.0 2.2 460 7.8 65 230 Do May 31940 1.9 7.8 15 228 KENTUCKY RIVER BASIN 667 CONTENTS Page Contents 669 Syllabus and conclusions 671 Description 672 Presentation of field data 673 Presentation of laboratory data 676 Hydrometric data 677 Discussion 678 LIST OF TABLES Ky-1.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 672 Ky-2.—Surface-water supplies 674 Ky-3.—Sources of pollution 674 Ky-4.—Industrial wastes 675 Ky-5.—Selected laboratory data 676 Ky-6.—Monthly mean summer flows 678 Ky-7.—Summary of laboratory data 680 LIST OF FIGURES Ky-1.—Map—Sources of pollution 671 Ky-2.—Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 674 Ky-3.—Map—Coliform results 676 Ky-4.—Map—Dissolved oxygen results 676 Ky-5.—Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results 676 669 Fig Ky-I LEGEND Areas of Circles Proportional to Population Equivalent of Wostes Before j (iTAs Discharged Treotment I J. " Radii Population Equivalent 500000 400000 500000 to000 0 1 00000 90000 2 5 000 10000 ■—-?t88 (Pace p.071) GPO-43 0 - 90035 Fig. Ky-I KENTUCKY-LICKING - SALT BASINS SOURCES OF POLLUTION OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 KENTUCKY RIVER BASIN Syllabus and Conclusions SYLLABUS The Kentucky River Basin (drainage area 6,940 square miles) comprises parts of the mountains of eastern Kentucky and of the Bluegrass area in the central part of the State. Agriculture and coal mining are the principal industries and the area is predominantly rural. Of the total population of 480,000, only 20 percent is urban. The pollution problems are primarily of local interest and much has been done already toward pollution abatement. About two-thirds of the population of 105,000 served by sewers are connected to treatment plants. The principal waste-producing industry, whisky distilling, accounts for almost 90 percent of the industrial waste load discharged to the streams. All of the distilleries have adopted corrective meas- ures of one kind or another to reduce pollution. Acid mine drainage damages a number of the creeks in the mountainous area, but none of the large streams are acid. Abatement of pollution can be effected by known methods of treatment. CONCLUSIONS (1) Although 10 public water supplies are taken from streams below sources of pollution, at only one of them, Irvine, is pollution serious. Correction of this situation will probably require changes in the water system in addition to waste treatment. (2) A total of 105,000 people are connected to sewers, of which about 65 percent are tributary to treatment plants. Industrial wastes, chiefly from distilleries, have a sewered population equivalent of about 130,000, of which about one-third is connected to municipal treatment. (3) The laboratory observations indicate that, except below Irvine and Frankfort, the main Kentucky River is not seriously polluted. Gross pollution followed by rapid recovery is indicated below communities on tributaries. Distilleries were not all in oper- ation at the time of sampling. Acid mine drainage was encountered on certain headwater streams. (4) Minimum monthly flows of 91.3 and 15.8 cubic feet per second were experienced in 1930 on the main Kentucky River at Frankfort and near Winchester, respectively. Eliminating 1930, the low flows are 350 and 55 cubic feet per second respectively. (5) Proposed flood-control reservoir sites studied by the United States Engineer Department are so located as to be of little tangible benefit to pollution control. 90035—44—pt. 2 34 672 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL (6) Most of the sources of pollution are on tributary streams which are subject to extremely low flows. Secondary treatment of wastes is necessary at these places and has already been installed at many of them. In general, primary treatment will be adequate on the main river. (7) The principal sources of industrial wastes are the whisky dis- tilleries. Most of these operate only during the winter months when temperatures are low and stream flows high. Those which operate throughout the year cause the most serious pollution. Rather com- plete treatment is needed at these plants. (8) A summary of cost estimates of remedial measures from table Ky-1 follows: Treatment Capital cost Annual cost $1,370,000 1, 490,000 $155,000 160, 000 Suggested additional - Estimated additional costs, over existing charges, of programs involving uniform treatment throughout the basin, are— Treatment Capital cost Annual cost $1, 300,000 1,600,000 $135,000 170,000 Secondary, ail places - Table Ky-1.—Kentucky River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested minimum corrective measures for municipal and industrial wastes, with compara- tive costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Pri- mary Second- ary Amortiza- tion and interest Operation and main- tenance Total Existing sewage treatment Suggested minimum correction: Sewage treatment plants 3 10 69,400 $1,370,000 $95,000 $60,000 $155,000 3 7 35, 700 670,000 480,000 360,000 45,000 25,000 55,000 30,000 75,000 25, 000 60,000 Independent industrial waste 5,000 1,490,000 1, 300, 000 1,600,000 1,490,000 125,000 110,000 130,000 125,000 35,000 25, 000 40,000 35,000 160,000 135,000 170,000 160,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment all waste. Secondary treatment all waste.. As suggested Description The Kentucky River, the largest stream lying wholly within the State of Kentucky, rises in the mountains near the Virginia border, flows in a general northwesterly direction across the State, and enters the Ohio River at Carrollton, Ky. It drains an area of approxi- mately 6,940 square miles. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 673 Distance above mouth Drainage area (square miles) Major tributaries: 11.0 500 52.2 440 118.1 460 190.3 480 254.8 736 258. 6 545 258.6 1,305 Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Larger cities: 35,099 10,465 537 41, 534 9,805 4,348 5,622 5. 099 45,736 11,628 7,021 6, 495 6. 729 49.304 11, 492 7,397 7, 335 6, 734 5,340 5,420 Entire basin: 293,650 63, 792 317,234 75. 802 341, 608 88. 604 385,916 96.053 357,442 393. 036 430. 212 481, 969 The upper half of the basin is mountainous and covered with second growth timber. Coal is mined extensively along the North Fork. Much of this mountain section is isolated and sparsely settled. Hazard is the only urban community in this area. In contrast, the lower half of the basin includes a large part of the famous Bluegrass section of Kentucky, a very fertile agricultural area. The primary crops are tobacco, corn, and livestock. The distilling industry is important. Water uses.—Although the main stream has been canalized for 260 miles by the construction of 14 locks and dams, the navigation facili- ties are relatively little used. The hydroelectric development on Dix River near its mouth is the only one of any size in the Kentucky Basin. The storage reservoir, known as Lake Herrington, provides Danville with a dependable source of water supply and is widely used for boating and fishing. The Kentucky River and many of its tributaries are used extensively for swimming, boating, and fishing. Presentation of Field Data Figure Ky-1 shows the location and magnitude of each source of pollution of consequence in the basin. Figure Ky-2 shows similar data and, in addition, the location of water-supply intakes from streams below sources of pollution and laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. Public water supplies.—Of the 38 public water supplies in the basin, 19 are from underground sources and 19 are wholly or in part from surface sources. The 19 underground supplies serve only about 18,200 people, whereas the surface supplies serve 132,800 people. Underground water is generally available in very limited quantities and the chemical quality is usually poor although in the Bluegrass section there are a number of springs which yield moderately large 674 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL quantities of water of satisfactory chemical quality. Table Ky-2 shows data on the surface supplies of the basin. In addition to these supplies, Winchester, Ky., in the Licking Basin, maintains an emer- gency intake in the Kentucky River. Table Ky-2.—Kentucky River Basin: Surface water supplies Municipality Source Mile 1 Treat- ment 2 Popula- tion served Con- sumption (million gallons per day) Supplies below community sewer outfalls Kentucky River _ __ __ 67. 5 FD 12,700 2,200 66. 500 1.51 0.15 Spring-well—Kentucky River 3 Impounded—Kentucky River 3_._ 89 FD 167 FD 5. 60 Kentucky River 218.6 CD 3,800 100 0.17 0.01 0.02 0.05 do_ 226.8 CD do - . _. 255 FD 600 North Fork Kentucky River 305.5 FD 1,000 16,000 400 do 361 FD 0.80 0 01 North Fork, Elkhorn Creek spring. Dix River ... _ .. 86 FD 149 FD, 10,000 0.60 Other surface supplies Eagle Creek 67. 5 FD 400 0 01 Lees Branch-Well. .. .. 87 FD 600 0 02 Goose Creek 311 FD 1,000 800 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.06 0. 06 Impounded . .. .. FD FD 1, 400 Impounded—Spring FD 1.700 1,300 3.700 8,600 !do __ FD do D 0. 27 0.80 Impounded FD Total: 113, 300 19,500 8. 92 1.35 132,800 10.27 1 Miles above month of Kentucky River. 2 F=Coagulatod, settled, filtered; D = Chlorinated; C = Coagulated, settled. 3 Emergency intakes in Kentucky River. Sewerage.—’Table Ky-3 shows the sewered population at each of the more important sources of pollution in the basin. Of the 105,300 people connected to sewers, about two-thirds are connected to sewage treatment plants. Ten secondary treatment plants serve 68,200 people, while the three primary treatment plants serve 1,200 people. Table Ky-3.—Kentucky River Basin: Sources of pollution, including industrial wastes, expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Municipality Stream Miles above mouth of Ken- tucky River Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treatment Sewerec tion eq (biochen gen de Un- treated popula- ai valent deal oxy- mand) Dis- charged 66 13,500 None_ 30 600 SO 600 84 4 700 4 700 218 3,300 None 3,300 3’ 300 227 100 do. 1,800 1, 800 North fork of Kentucky 305 1,300 do 1,300 1,300 River. 360 6,700 do 6, 700 6, 700 Whitesburg 404 1,700 do 1, 700 1,700 FI6. Ky-2 rs> * o> CJ O t O | O SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS N ♦ » o . t y | o SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS FIGURE - Ky Z KENTUCKY RIVER SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND SELECTED LABORATORY DATA OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY u. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE LEGEND I W.t.r Sup.!, Intake Reduct ion by Treatment ■ Emergency Water » X Supply Intake Navigation Dam (Face p.674) GP043 0 -10035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Ky-3.—Kentucky River Basin: Sources of pollution, including industrial wastes, expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand)— Continued. Municipality Stream Miles above mouth of Ken- tucky River Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treatment Sewerec tion eqi (bioch oxygen Un- treated popula- rivalent emieal demand) Dis- charged Owenton > 47 800 Primary 1,000 Porks of Elkhorn _._ Elkhorn Creek .. 70 4,900 4,900 Stamping Ground 86 11,500 ll' 500 Georgetown 104 4,800 10,300 10,300 Midway 1 Lees Branch-South Elkhorn 87 600 Secondary... 4,200 3,700 Creek. Lexington.. Town Branch of South Elk- 113 46,200 do - 90,600 23,800 horn Creek. Millville 72 30,300 30,300 84 2,100 Secondary... 2,100 300 87 2, 900 2,900 Burgin Dowling Branch . 128 2, 500 2,500 Danville1 . 155 5,100 5,300 1,000 Lancaster. Dix River tributary . ... 166 1,300 1,300 200 Stanford 1 . St. Asaph Creek 175 1,200 1, 500 200 Nicholasville 1 Town branch of Jessamine 141 2,000 do 2,900 1,200 Creek. Berea >... 189 3, 300 3,400 500 Bichmond Dreaming Creek 190 5,700 6,300 1,400 McRoberts .. 423 2,000 2,000 2,000 Z, 600 3’ 600 2,900 105,300 236,700 150,400 1 Treatment plant under construction at time of laboratory survey. Industrial wastes.—Of the 23 industrial plants which are not con- nected to municipal treatment plants, 9 distilleries account for almost 90 percent of the total waste load. Table Ky-4 shows data on in- dustrial waste-producing plants. All but 500 of the 32,900 population equivalent discharged to municipal treatment plants is at Lexington. Table Ky-4.—Kentucky River Basin: Summary of industrial wastes not discharg- ing to municipal treatment plants, with total of entire industrial waste load in the basin Number Industrial waste dis- posal At least minor Estimated sewered population Industry of plants Municipal sewers Private outlets corrective measures taken equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Canning .. 3 2 1 2 6,300 86,200 1,100 1,000 3,900 9 0 9 9 6 1 5 2 Milk . 3 1 2 1 2 0 2 1 Waste unconnected, municipal 23 4 19 15 98,500 32,900 Waste connected to municipal treatment Total industrial waste in basin 131, 400 All of the distilleries have taken steps of one sort or another to re- duce the pollutional significance of their wastes. The measures range from cattle-feeding, ponding, and broad irrigation to evaporation of the distillery slop. The fact that most of the companies operate only during the winter months when temperatures are low and stream flows usually high helps to reduce the seriousness of pollution from these sources. 676 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Acid mine drainage causes problems of primarily local importance in the area drained by the North Fork. Records compiled while the mine-sealing program was active in Kentucky indicate 177 active, 62 marginal, and 416 abandoned coal mines in seven counties. One hundred and thirty-seven abandoned mines have been sealed. Mine sealing records indicate that water containing a total of 80 tons of mine acid daily flows into tributary streams in this mining area. Some progress has been made in reducing acid mine drainage through sealing 137 abandoned coal mines. The relatively high natural alka- linity of the natural run-off helps to reduce the damage by mine drainage. Presentation of Laboratory Data The laboratory observations for the Kentucky River Basin are summarized in table Ky-7. Selected data on the main stream and tributaries are in table Ky-5. Except for the observations at Gratz and Carrollton, all of the results were obtained by a mobile laboratory unit operating in the basin during September, October, and Novem- ber 1939 and are representative of the low-flow conditions which pre- vailed in the basin at that time. The Gratz and Carrollton samples were collected over a period of several months. Table Ky-5.— Kentucky River Basin: Selected laboratory data River Ken- Ken- Ken- Ken- Ken- Ken- Ken- tucky tucky tucky tucky tucky tucky tucky Location Above Below Below Above Below At Mouth, Beatty- Beatty- Irvine Frank- Frank- Qratz Carroll- ville ville fort fort ton River miles above mouth of 255 254.3 216.5 67 62 29 0.2 Kentucky. Period, 1939 Sept. 29 Sept. 29 Oct. 3 Sept. 27 Sept. 27 June 1-15 Aug. 4-24 and and and Oct. 3 Oct. 5 Oct. 5 Number of samples 2 1 1 2 2 3 4 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 148 148 206 443 443 2,500 2, 875 Minimum month 9 9 15 91 91 Water temperature, ° C 22.5 24.5 21.5 22.0 22.0 24.0 25.9 Coliforms, per milliliter 125 9 2,400 23 167 19 25 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 6.9 6.7 5.8 7.7 3.8 7.7 6.3 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.9 2.2 1.5 1.6 River North North Walnut, Clark Town North North Fork Fork Meadow Branch Fork, Fork, Branch Elkhorn Elkhorn Location. Above Below Below Below Below Above Below Hazard Hazard Berea Dan vile Lexing- George- George- ton town town River miles above— Confluence with Kentucky. 105 101 42 36 61 40 38 Mouth of Kentucky... 360.5 359.5 188.5 154 113 92 90 Period, 1939.. October Oct. 26 Sept. 29- Sept. 28- Sept. 25- Sept. 26 Oct. 13- Oct. 10 Oct. 9 Oct. 10 and Oct. 5 Number of samples 3 1 3 3 3 2 1 Flow in cubic feet per second: 3.0 4.9 Water temperature, 0 C 18.7 23.5 20 20.9 21.8 18.5 14.0 Coliforms, per milliliter no 110, 000 36,800 60, 000 4,500 25 24, 000 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 9.1 0 0.6 0.4 4.3 7.2 0 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 2.6 106.2 85.2 24.0 11.4 1.7 28.5 LEGEND Average Coliform Results at Sampling Stations . ... Most proboble Symbol Buiaaof per ml Under 25 0 26- 50 0 51-100 0 101-200 0 Over 200 Face p.676) No. 1 BPO-43 0 • 90035 KENTUCKY-LICKING - SALT BASINS COLIFORM RESULTS Fig. Ky-3 1 OHIO Riven POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE IS4I Fig Ky-4 LEGEND Ayoragt Dloxolvod Oxygon Rotulti of Sampling Slaliom Symbol Dissolved Oiygsn ppm Q 0*«r 6.5 5.1 to 6.5 (J 5.1 to 5.0 A 0.1 to 3.0 • SC006 * 0 E>-0d8 S '°N (919'd Fig. Ky-4 KENTUCKY-LICKING - SALT BASINS DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 LEGEND Avorogo B O D. Result! at Sampling Stotiont Symbol o am I Normal tomolool * * O 0.0 to s.o 3 3.1 to S.o Ovor SO (Face p. 676) No. 3 6P0 • 43 0 - 90035 KENTUCKY-LICKING - SALT BASINS BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND Fig. Ky-5 1 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 677 Figures Ky-3, Ky-4, and Ky-5 show by means of symbols the results of the coliform, dissolved oxygen, and oxygen demand determi- nations at the various sampling points in the basin. In each case the results shown for Gratz and Carrollton represent the most unfavorable monthly averages of the observations at these points made over the several-month sampling period. At all other points the results repre- sent the averages of from one to three samples collected over short periods of less than 1 month by the mobile laboratory unit. The full effects of distillery wastes on the streams in this basin were not ob- served at the time of this survey as not all of the plants were in operation. The results of these laboratory observations indicate that except for two stretches below Irvine and Frankfort the main Kentucky River is not seriously polluted. Gross pollution, however, seems to be the rule below most of the communities investigated along the tributaries. The coliform observations, in general, corroborate the dissolved oxygen and oxygen demand results except on the North Fork above Hazard where the coliforms tend to show the worst conditions. A tendency toward fairly rapid recovery below the zones of pollution is indicated by vTell-marked coliform and oxygen demand reductions and by dissolved oxygen recoveries. Acid mine wastes wrere encountered in the area above Hazard. Irishman Creek, Millstone Creek, Thornton Creek, and Yellow Creek were found to be acid, with pH values ranging from 2.8 to 4.9 and plienolphthalein acidities from 18 to over 900 parts per million. Biological summary.— The flora and fauna of the Kentucky River are low; less than 2,000 parts per million except when a “bloom” of Pandorina appeared at Carrollton. The low plankton volume is indication of a clean stream. Good fishing is reported from Carrollton to Gratz. Hydrometric Data Sixteen stream gaging stations have been operated in the basin at various times, only four of which are currently in operation. These four are all on the Kentucky River. All of the tributary streams are subject to extremely low flow’s, although discharge records are too short to indicate probable low flows with any degree of certainty. Table Ivy-6 shows monthly mean flowrs during some of the low-flow years. 678 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table Ky-6.—Kentucky River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred River Kentucky At Frank- fort 1 65 5,400 1925-40 Kentucky Near Win- chester 176 3,990 1909-40 Location River miles above mouth erf Kentucky River. Drainage area (square miles) Period of record Year _ _ _ ■ _ 1930 1930 June 226 234 July 121 48.8 August _do 149 34.2 September do 2 91.3 2 15.8 Year 1936 1932 June... 544 1,060 July 524 3,690 August do 350 1,490 September. 576 55.2 Year 1929 1936 June 2,460 116 July 3, 890 138 August do 478 80.3 September do 1,040 246 1 The accuracy of low-flow records at this station is poor. 2 Minimum month. Low-flow regulation.—A number of possible reservoir sites on the Kentucky River and its tributaries have been surveyed by the United States Engineer Department. These studies indicate that the Jessamine Reservoir on the main stream and the Booneville Reservoir on the South Fork are the most nearly satisfactory for flood control and allied development. Low-flow regulation by these reservoirs would benefit the lower 12 miles of the South Fork and the entire Kentucky River. Such low-flow regulation would have little tangible value since it would not eliminate the need for primary treatment at the communi- ties along the streams affected and primary treatment is considered adequate under present uncontrolled flow conditions. Discussion The rapidity with which the streams of the Kentucky Basin recover from the effects of pollution and the lack of intensive urban and in- dustrial development make the pollution problems of the Kentucky Basin largely a series of local problems. Most of the worst conditions have been dealt with. Of the cities without treatment plants, Frankfort is the largest. The Kentucky River at this point has a drainage area of 5,400 square miles, and flows of less than 100 cubic feet per second have been recorded. No public water supplies are taken from the Kentucky below Frankfort, and the lower part of the river, at some distance below Frankfort, is regarded as a good fishing stream. Primary treat- ment of the sewage and industrial wastes (except distillery wastes) should be sufficient. More complete treatment of the distillery waste is needed. This can be effected by evaporation of the slop plus lesser improvement at small plants. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 679 At Irvine and Ravenna the public water supply is taken from the Kentucky River below the point of entrance of Ravenna’s sewage. The water is not filtered. Primary treatment of the sewage from these places should be sufficient to maintain an excellent oxygen balance in the stream. Changes in the water supply intake location or improved methods of treatment, or both, will be necessary to protect the water supply. At Hazard, Georgetown, Whitesburg, McRoberts, and Jackson complete treatment appears justified because of the extremely low flows in the receiving streams. The cost of these remedial measures and of other necessary pollution abatement measures is summarized in table Ky-1. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature,0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Wright Fork, above water plant, KyNfBW 424 Oct. 18,1939 13.5 6.0 47.4 .8 4 7.8 3 527 McRoberts, Ky. Do . .. Oct. 31,1939 12.5 5.1 47.4 .7 36 7.8 8 540 Wright Fork, at water plant, McRob- KyNfBW 423 Oct. 25,1939 15.0 3.5 34.5 1.2 4 8.3 4 529 erts, Ky. KyNfBW 422 Oct. 18,1939 11.0 10.1 91.5 1.3 240 8.4 4 441 McRoberts, Ky. Do __do Oct. 25,1939 14.5 9.0 87.4 .4 1,100 8.4 3 465 260 Do Oct. 31,1939 10.0 9.7 85.8 1.6 240 8.3 8 453 Wright Fork, upper edge Fleming, KyNfBW 421 Oct. 18| 1939 9.5 10.5 91.5 1.8 240 8.4 5 484 Ky. Do do Oct. 25,1939 15.0 8.9 87.4 1.4 2,400 8.4 5 484 236 Do Oct. 31,1939 9.5 9.5 82.7 1.4 430 8.2 5 490 KyNfBY 420 Oct. 18,1939 8.0 10.4 87.6 .5 240 7. 2 4 57 Do .. Oct. 25,1939 14 5 8.4 82.2 .8 460 7.4 3 73 597 KyNfB 419.8 Oct. 18,1939 12.0 8.3 76.7 3.0 240 7.9 14 269 Neon, Ky. Do Oct. 25,1939 13.5 4.2 40.4 3.5 150 7.8 7 379 KyNIRP 419 Oct. 18; 1939 9.0 10.7 92.3 1.3 110 8.2 9 361 tion, Ky. Do Oct. 25,1939 14.0 7.1 68.5 1.2 460 8.0 3 359 KyNf 416 Oct. 19,1939 10.0 11.0 96.6 .5 46 7.9 4 207 Boone Fork, Kona,"Ky. Do do Oct. 26,1939 16.5 8.1 82.5 1.0 240 7. S 7 196 354 KyNf 415 Oct. 19,1939 10.5 10. 1 89.9 .9 46 7.9 6 256 Thornton Creek, Thornton, Ky. Do do.. Oct. 26,1939 16.5 7.8 79.6 1. 1 93 7.6 10 231 328 KyNfT 414 Oct. 19,1939 8.5 11.5 98.3 .9 (0 3.3 5 0 Ky. Do Oct. 20,1939 16.0 8.1 81.3 3.9 (») 3.3 6 0 KyNf 405 Oct. 19,1939 (>) 10.0 9.8 86.8 1.0 9 7.9 5 186 edge Whitesburg, Ky. Oct. 26,1939 (>) 16.0 6.3 63.0 1.2 240 7.8 4 196 349 Do Nov. 2,1939 (i) 6.0 11.5 92.1 1.0 43 7.8 6 152 KyNf 404 Oct. 19,1939 (») 11.0 6.1 45.8 1.4 460 7.7 4 191 edge Whitesburg, Ky. do Oct. 26,1939 (i) 16.5 0 0 5.8 24,000 7.5 7 203 316 Do. do.. Nov. 2,1939 (l) 6.5 8.8 71.4 .9 460 7.7 5 166 Table Ky-7.—Kentucky River Basin: Ohio River -pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 681 Sandlick Creek, 100 yards above mouth. Do KyNfS 402 Oct. 20,1939 Oct. 26,1939 Oct. 20,1939 Oct. 27,1939 17.5 11.1 115.0 .6 46 6.8 3 13 19.0 8.4 89.4 .8 43 6.8 5 20 496 Rockhouse Creek, at mouth KyNfR 390 14. 5 10. 1 98.4 .8 24 7.5 5 63 Do do 20.0 8.1 88.1 1.6 240 7.4 60 69 Do Nov. 2,1939 Oct. 20,1939 Oct. 27.1939 4.5 11.6 89.7 .8 43 7.4 7 69 North Fork Kentucky River, above Blackey, Ky. Do KyNf 388 4 15.0 10. 4 102.3 1.1 2 7.9 5 123 4 20.0 7.7 84.3 .8 1 7.7 20 126 Line Fork Creek, mouth, Ulvah, Ky. Do KyNfL 380.5 Oct. 20,1939 4 11.5 8.8 80.7 1.0 9 7.3 4 50 Oct. 27,1939 Oct. 20,1939 Oct. 27,1939 Nov. 2,1939 Oct. 31,1939 4 19.5 5.8 63.1 2.3 46 7.0 18 52 Big Leatherwood Creek, at mouth, Comettsville, Ky. Do KyNfL 379 10.5 6.6 58.9 1.8 9 7.3 8 75 18.0 3.9 40.9 4.2 240 7.1 145 87 Do 5.0 8.9 69.2 1.9 23 7.3 8 67 115 Irishman Creek, 4)4 miles above Sassafras, Ky. Do KyNf Cl 384 8.5 10.7 91.2 240 4.9 4 15 Nov. 3,1939 Nov. 17,1939 Oct. 20,1939 4.0 12.1 92.1 4 6.1 8 11 Do 4.0 11.8 90.2 Lost 4 4.9 6 Yellow Creek, mouth, Sassafras, Ky. Do KyNfOY 380 21.5 5.5 61.8 .7 (>) 2.8 9 Oct. 27,1939 Oct. 31,1939 Nov. 17,1939 Oct. 20,1939 Oct. 27,1939 Oct. 25,1939 Oct. 31,1939 22.0 5.1 57.3 6.8 (') 2.8 43 Do 8.5 (‘) 2.9 18 Do 3.5 14.2 106. 5 Lost (>) 2.9 20 676 Carr Fork, mouth, Jeff, Ky. Do.... ... KyNfC 368 10.5 10.1 90.2 4 6.2 4 14 18.0 6.2 65.2 1.4 9 6.5 4 17 North Fork Kentucky River, above spray, Lothair, Ky. Do.... . KyNf 363. 25.5 7.5 89.9 .7 93 7.8 14 96 15.5 8.7 86.9 1.2 43 7.6 27 75 North Fork Kentucky River, at water plant, Lothair, Ky Do.. KyNf 362 Oct. 26,1939 Oct. 31,1939 30.0 7.0 91.1 1.9 4 8.1 14 95 197 20.0 7.8 85.0 1.5 93 7.6 20 74 North Fork Kentucky River, in pool above water intake, Hazard, Ky. Do KyNf 361 Oct. 23,1939 8.0 5.6 47.5 6.8 430 7.8 35 204 Oct. 27,1939 Oct. 16,1939 Oct. 23,1939 9 21.0 8.0 89.2 2.1 9 7.6 15 83 North Fork Kentucky River, above at waterworks, Hazard, Ky. Do KyNf 360.5 3 19.0 9.2 98.7 2.3 46 7.7 20 83 3 19.0 9.7 103.6 3.3 240 7.6 15 83 Do Oct. 25,1939 3 18.0 8.3 87.0 2.2 43 7.6 15 84 195 North Fork Kentucky River, mid- town, Hazard, Ky. Do .. . KyNf 360.2 Oct. 16,1939 Oct. 23,1939 3 9.5 7.9 68.8 1.6 150 7.4 17 86 3 10.0 5.0 44.4 2.9 -93 7.4 10 128 North Fork Kentucky River, below last sewage, Hazard, Ky. North Fork Kentucky River, 100 yards below last sewage, Hazard, KyNf 360 Oct. 23,1939 Oct. 16,1939 3 10.0 0 0 87.0 24,000 4,600 6.9 80 246 KyNf 359.8 4 8.5 3.3 28.2 8.8 7.3 13 97 Ky. North Fork Kentucky River, 712 feet below last sewage, Hazard, Ky. KyNf 359.5 Oct. 26,1939 5 23.5 0 0 106 110,000 7.4 110 237 296 i Less than 1. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature,0 C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million KyNfLc 358 Oct. 23,1939 7 10.0 9.2 81.1 2.1 240 7.9 5 202 245 Hazard, Ky. 1)0 Oct. 27,1939 Nov. 2,1939 Oct. 17,1939 7 18.5 7.4 78.2 3.5 1,100 7.2 173 60 Do . . ... .. 7 6.5 12.4 100.7 2.0 460 7.4 8 78 North Fork Kentucky River, bridge at Chavies, Ky. KyNf 338 5 17.0 11.0 112.5 1.9 1 7.6 3 82 Do Oct. 24,1939 Oct. 17,1939 5 18.0 9.5 99.3 1.5 9 7.4 14 90 180 Troublesome Creek, mouth, Haddix, Ky. KyNfT 316 12.0 10.0 92.3 1.0 4 7.2 15 45 Do do Oct. 24,1939 Oct. 17,1939 Oct. 24,1939 Nov. 3,1939 11.5 8.7 79.3 .8 4 7.2 14 46 Quicksand Creek, mouth, Quick- sand, Ky. Do KyNfQ 310.. 11.0 9.8 88.9 1.9 240 7.2 12 52 do 11.0 8.8 79.3 1.9 23 7.1 15 53 116 Do do_. 9.5 11.6 101.4 4 7.2 18 201 North Fork, Kentucky River, 1 mile above Jackson, Ky. KyNf 306 Oct. 24,1939 4 12.5 9.0 84.1 .7 110 7.4 18 79 145 North Fork, Kentucky, River upper edge Jackson, Ky. KyNf 305.5 Oct. 17,1939 15 11.5 10.3 94.3 1.5 9 7.5 16 71 North Fork, Kentucky River, )i mile below last sewage, Jackson, Ky. KyNf 304.7 Oct. 17,1939 15 11.5 8.0 72.7 3.2 4 7.6 35 129 Do .. do ___ Oct. 24,1939 5 13.5 7.2 68.8 3.3 4 7.6 40 134 183 Middle Fork, Kentucky River, be- low Hyden, Ky. KyMf 328 . Oct. 16,1939 10.5 9.2 81.8 .9 7 7.3 11 37 Do Oct. 23,1939 14.0 8. 5 82.0 .9 24 7.1 9 32 Kentucky River, upper edge, Beatty- ville, Ky. Ky 255 Sept. 29,1939 148 25.0 7.5 89.0 2.1 240 7.3 61 Do do Oct. 3,1939 148 20.0 6.4 69.7 1.5 9 7.2 13 63 Red Bird Creek, bridge. Big Creek, Ky. KySfR Oct. 16,1939 11.0 8.8 79.2 1.6 (0 7.3 28 47 Do Oct. 23,1939 Oct. 16,1939 14.5 8.0 77.9 1.7 4 7.3 27 45 Goose Creek, J4 mile above Man- chester, Ky. KySfG 311.5 13.0 6.7 63.0 1.7 9 7.2 12 64 Do Oct. 23,1939 Nov. 3,1939 Nov. 3,1939 15.0 5.2 50.9 2.2 110 7.1 12 56 Do ... 10.5 6.0 53.1 43 7.0 7 187 Goose Creek, 50 yards below last sewer, Manchester. KySfG 310.8 8.5 8.3 71.1 240 7.2 10 193 Goose Creek, 100 yards below last sewer, Manchester. KySfG 310.6 Oct. 16,1939 9.0 4.5 39.0 1.9 93 7.2 5 76 Do. Oct. 23,1939 11.5 4.9 44.4 5.7 15 7.3 7 79 Table Ky-7.—Kentucky River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 683 Kentucky River, 300 feet below last sewer, Beattyville. Ky 254.7 Oct. 12,1939 148 21.5 7.0 78.5 1.6 23 7.3 16 57 126 Kentucky River, Yi mile below last sewer, Beattyville. Kentucky River, 1 mile below Beattyville, Ky. Ky 254.3 Sept. 29,1939 148 24.5 6.7 79.4 2.2 9 7.2 69 Ky 253.8 Oct. 3,1939 148 22.5 6.1 69.4 1.0 15 7.2 15 61 118 Kentucky River, H mile above Pryse, KLo Ky 227.. Sept. 29,1939 Oct. 3,1939 Sept. 29,1939 24.5 7.7 90.8 2.4 9 7.2 43 21.5 4.7 52.4 2.4 4 7.0 11 52 113 Kentucky River above Cow Creek, above Ravenna, Ky. Ky 222 24.5 7.4 87.6 3.0 2 7.1 51 Do. Oct. 3,1939 Oct. 12,1939 20. 5 5.2 57.8 2.2 240 7.0 14 56 120 Do 21.0 5.2 „ 57.5 1.0 43 7.1 11 51 Kentucky River, 50 yards below last sewage, Irvine, Ky. Ky 217 Oct. 12,1939 206 19.6 5.2 56.2 2.6 430 7.2 15 65 132 Kentucky River, 100 yards below new bridge, Irvine, Ky. Ky 216.5 Oct. 3,1939 206 21.5 5.8 65.3 1.6 2,400 7.2 10 59 110 Kentucky River, 10 miles below Irvine, Ky. Ky 208 Sept. 29,1939 25.0 5.7 68.1 1.9 9 7.2 54 Dreaming Creek, mile below Richmond, Ky. KyOD 190 Sept. 25,1939 18.5 6.6 69.8 6.8 150 7.6 145 Dreaming Creek, 1 mile below Rich- KyOD 189.5 Oct. 2,1939 9.5 6.3 54.6 5.0 240 7.5 5 154 207 mond, Ky. Do Oct. 10,1939 Sept. 25,1939 18.5 3.6 38.3 6.7 93 7.5 25 163 197 Kentucky River Bridge, at Clay Perry, Ky. Ky 170 22.5 5.8 66.3 1.1 93 7.4 52 Do. do. Oct. 2.1939 206 18.5 7.1 74.9 0 4 7.4 12 60 95 Do... .. . Oct. 10,1939 Oct. 10,1939 Sept. 29,1939 21.0 6.7 74.5 1.7 (') 240 7.5 9 61 104 KySi 189 20.0 4.6 49.8 3.8 7.1 10 65 151 Walnut Meadow Branch, \\ mile be- low outlet of Berea College. KyPW 188.5 22.5 0 0 151 110,000 7.1 272 Do Oct. 2,1939 Oct. 10,1939 18.5 1.7 18.1 93 360 7.3 143 202 158 Do 19.0 0 0 11.5 150 7.6 67 252 190 Kentucky River Bridge, on Route No. 27, Camp Nelson, Ky. Ky 138 Sept. 28,1939 23.0 7.6 88.0 1.8 4 7.7 12 86 Do Oct. 4,1939 Oct. 9,1939 19.5 8.5 91.7 .6 1 7.7 25 84 119 Do 22.0 8.6 97.2 1.3 (’) 91 7.6 15 84 128 Town Branch, H , mile below Nicholasville, Ky. KyJT 141 Sept. 25,1939 18.5 1.8 18.8 7.3 7.7 333 Do Oct. 4,1939 Oct. 9,1939 Sept. 25,1939 12.5 2.0 18.3 7.9 210 7.6 15 343 293 Do ... 18.0 .2 2.1 10.4 2,400 43 7.6 25 378 282 Town Branch, 3 miles below Nicholas- ville, Ky. KyJT 138 17.5 6.1 63.3 2. 2 7.8 192 Do Oct. 4,1939 Oct. 9,1939 Sept. 28,1939 12.5 5.8 53.9 1.7 43 7.6 8 195 226 Do 18.5 2.6 28.1 1.9 43 7.5 8 180 212 Jessamine Creek, 1 mile below Wil- more, Ky. KyJ 134 18.5 5.9 62.6 2.5 75 7.8 10 174 Do Oct. 4,1939 Oct. 9,1939 Sept. 28,1939 13.0 9.6 90.3 1.5 15 7.9 7 160 174 Do .. 18.0 7.6 79.2 .8 4 7.8 6 170 192 St. Asaph Creek, H> mile below last sewer, Stanford, Ky. KvDLS 174 22.0 2.0 22.1 9.0 230 7.9 44 374 1 Less than 1* 684 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature,0 C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million St. Asaph Creek, \4 mile below dis- KyDLS 174 _ Oct. 4,1939 13.0 4.0 37.5 3.6 460 7.6 15 230 232 posal plant, Stanford, Ky. St. Asaph Creek, 1 mile below Stan- KyDLS 173 Oct. 9,1939 17.5 1.4 15.0 4.8 23 7.6 13 359 281 ford, Ky. Town Branch Creek, below Lan- KyDT 102 Sept. 28,1939 19.0 5.1 54.9 3.2 240 7.5 178 caster, Ky. Town Branch, mile below Lan- KyDT 161.5 6 241 Oct. 4,1939 13.5 6.7 64.2 1.4 43 7.6 167 caster, Ky. Town Branch, 1 mile below Lan- KyDT 161 Oct. 9,1939 17.5 4.0 42.0 6.2 1,100 7.5 10 199 248 caster, Ky. Clark Run, 1 mile below Danville, KyDCr 154 Sept. 28,1939 22.5 0 0 30.8 24,000 7.6 28 318 Ky. Do Oct. 4,1939 Oct.- 9,1939 Sept. 28,1939 17.5 22.0 24.5 26.1 15.0 34.2 110,000 46,000 2,400 7.6 7.6 7.7 23 15 121 209 225 Do . 1.1 3.0 12.8 35.6 256 374 Town Branch, 1 mile below Danville, KyDT 154 Ky. Do Oct. 4,1939 Oct. 9,1939 Sept. 27,1939 20.0 24.0 24.0 4.4 1.5 8.7 48.2 17.4 102.5 9.2 17.8 2.0 2,400 11,000 43 7.7 7.6 8.1 68 270 15 307 335 Do 237 Kentucky River, 1 mile above Frank- Ky 67 fort, Ky. Do Oct. 5,1939 Sept. 27,1939 20.0 23.0 6.7 7.8 73.4 90.0 1.7 3.2 7.6 7.9 23 34 91 92 127 Benson Creek, 1 mile above Frank- KyB 68 331 9 fort, Ky. Do Oct. 5,1939 600 19.0 5.9 63.0 2.2 26 94 131 Do .. Oct. 13,1939 Sept. 27,1939 396 331 15.0 23.5 6.8 6.6 66.5 76.3 4.3 2.4 104 87 152 Kentucky River, Lock No. 4, Frank- Ky 65 240 7.8 13 fort, Ky. Do .. Oct. 5,1939 Sept. 27,1939 600 331 20.0 21.5 5.2 0 56.9 0 1.8 107.4 460 24,000 7.6 6.9 19 360 89 238 130 Penitentiary Run, at Kentucky KyP 65.... River, below Frankfort, Ky. Do Oct. 5,1939 600 20.0 183.0 246 259 Do 0 3.4 0 39.4 240,000 93 zoO 185 18 Oct. 13,1939 Sept. 27,1939 396 16.5 23.5 389.0 2.6 311 86 406 Kentucky River, 4 miles below Ky 62 7.3 Frankfort, Ky. Do Oct. 5,1939 Sept. 26,1939 20.5 19.0 4.2 5.5 46.5 58.8 1.9 .3 240 4 7.4 7.8 25 11 89 179 128 North Elkhom Creek, corporation KyEINf 92 liae, above Georgetown, Ky. Do... Oct. 5,1939 Oct. 13,1939 18.0 14.0 9.0 0 93.8 0 2.8 28.5 46 24,000 8.0 7.3 14 47 192 268 206 268 XciCh Elkhorn Creek, 100 yards KyEINf 90 be’ow last sewage outlet, George- town, Ky. Table Ivy-7.—Kentucky River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 685 North Elkhom Creek, 1 mile below Georgetown, Ky. Do I KyEINf 89 Sept. 26,1939 Oct. 5,1939 19.6 1.8 19.8 7.1 73 7.6 \Z 250 19.0 4.7 50.5 26.9 23 ,7.7 47 254 239 Locust Creek, mile below Stamp- ing Ground. Do - - KyFlNfT. 7R Sept. 26,1939 Oct. 5.1939 18.0 4.7 49.7 2.6 93 7.6 28 141 20.5 9.7 107.2 2.3 23 8.0 12 140 184 Town Branch Creek, 1 mile below Lexington, Ky. Do KyEISfTb 113.... Sept. 25,1939 Oct. 2,1939 24.5 2.0 23.3 20.9 4,300 4,600 7.4 147 209 18.4 6.6 70.2 7.9 7.6 10 147 Do Oct. 10,1939 22.5 4.2 48.2 5.5 4,600 7.6 11 205 188 South Fork, Elkhom Creek, H mile below Narcotic Farm disposal, Lexington, Ky. Do KyElSf 95 Sept. 26,1939 29.5 1.9 24.8 3.6 430 7.2 10 98 174 Oct. 2,1939 24.5 4.0 47.0 2.3 460 7.0 8 70 Do Oct. 10,1939 27.5 1.9 24.0 3.4 240 7.2 7 98 152 Do Oct. 13,1939 20.5 4.0 43.6 11.4 11,000 7.5 28 157 181 Town Branch Creek, 1 mile below Versailles, Ky. Do Sept. 28,1939 Oct. 5,1939 24.0 4.8 56.6 5.0 460 7.6 162 180 14.5 6.3 61.1 2.4 93 7.6 22 149 213 Lee Branch, 200 feet below disposal plant, Midway, Ky. Sept. 26,1939 Oct. 5,1939 20.5 5.7 62.4 3.6 240 7.6 9 176 20.5 9.3 102.6 3.7 23 8.0 7 189 South Fork Elkhom Creek Bridge at Fork Elkhom Creek. Do Sept. 26,1939 Oct. 5,1939 20.5 10.3 113.1 3.5 15 8.4 14 205 19.0 9.1 97.4 1.5 8 8.2 16 213 199 Mar. 2.1939 Mar. 9,1939 6.0 12.3 99.0 1.7 0 Do 11.0 10.7 96.8 1.5 43 Do Mar. 17,1939 8.5 11.4 97.4 .7 23 8.0 200 57 Do Mar. 21,1939 9.0 11.8 101.9 1.2 9 8.0 160 57 Do Mar. 29,1939 11.0 11.4 103.0 1.8 110 7.9 140 71 Do Apr. 6,1939 9.5 11.4 99.1 1.7 24 7.5 450 67 Do Anr. 14.1939 9.5 12.2 106.0 1.6 43 7.7 110 55 Do Apr. 24,1939 14.0 10.6 102.3 . 7 20 7.5 95 74 Do May 2.1939 15.5 9.7 96.8 1.8 23 7.7 85 66 Do May 10,1939 18.0 9.0 94.3 1.1 4 8.0 45 77 Do May 18,1939 19.5 8.9 96.1 1.3 5 8.0 18 80 Do May 26,1939 .Tune 1,1939 22.5 8.7 99.1 2.1 5 7.8 20 80 Do 23.5 7.7 89.2 1.1 11 7.7 25 77 Do .Tune 9,1939 25.0 7.2 86.3 1. 9 24 7.8 102 77 Do June 15,1939 23.5 8.1 94.4 1.5 23 7.8 79 71 Do Feb. 5,1940 2.0 13.3 96.4 1. 1 (') 7.8 15 Do Feb. 13,1940 Feb. 20.1910 3.5 13.7 103.0 1.8 21 7.5 81 Do 5.0 12.6 98.5 2.2 9 7.5 320 67 Do Feb. 27,1940 5.5 13.0 102.8 1.2 9 7.5 87 69 Do Mar. 4,1940 7.0 10.6 86.7 2.7 43 7.4 650 62 Do Mar. 8,1940 6.0 11.9 95.4 1.4 15 7.5 350 48 Kentucky Kiver, at mouth, Carroll- ton, Ky. Do... Ky 0.2 Mar. 9,1939 62,700 9.5 10.9 94.8 1.4 93 Mar. 17.1939 15,400 8.5 10.8 92.4 .6 15 7.8 280 63 Do. Mar. 23,1939 6,310 10.0 11.4 100.7 1.2 23 8.1 150 67 Do Mar. 31,1939 22,600 9.0 10.8 93.4 3.2 43 7.8 750 69 »Less than X. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-dav bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Kentucky, River, at mouth, Carroll- Apr. 6,1939 22,800 9.5 11.2 98.1 1.7 43 7.4 450 74 ton, Ky. Do Apr. 14,1939 24, 300 9.5 12.0 104.3 1.6 15 7.7 72 51 Do Apr. 24,1939 9,630 14.0 9.8 95.0 1. 5 43 7.6 160 86 Do M'ay 2,1939 6,970 16.0 9.7 97.7 1.4 7 7.8 62 75 Do ...do May 10,1939 3,800 19.0 2. 1 3 8.0 47 84 Do-.. May 18,1939 1,870 20.0 8.2 89.1 1.6 1 7.9 20 89 Do Mav 26| 1939 3,100 23.0 9.3 107.1 6.7 (') 7.9 20 90 Do do June 1,1939 2,470 24.0 7.4 87.2 2.6 2 7.8 25 86 Do-.- June 9,1939 3,170 26.0 7.3 88.6 2.6 1 7.7 57 86 Do... 2,790 25.0 7.6 90.5 1.7 9 8.0 65 68 Do 10,900 25.0 7.9 94.5 1.7 93 7.6 600 78 Do 3,170 26.0 7.2 87.3 1.4 46 Do do. July 7,1939 62,000 27.0 6.7 83.0 3.4 460 7.5 540 72 Do. July 13,1939 4,950 26.0 7.8 94.6 2.9 93 7.2 800 46 Do July 21,1939 2,410 26.0 7.2 87.2 1.2 23 7.3 220 64 Do July 27,1939 6,400 26.0 6.8 83; 0 2.9 240 7.3 700 66 Do . Aug. 4,1939 6,150 25.0 6.4 76.1 1.5 23 7.5 170 80 Do .. Aug. 10,1939 i; 470 26.0 6.5 78.8 1.4 43 7.5 220 82 Do . Aug. 18,1939 2,310 26.5 6.0 73.3 1.9 23 7.3 340 77 Do. Aug. 24,1939 1,630 26.0 6.4 77.9 1.7 9 7.8 72 91 Do do Sept. 1,1939 1,610 25.5 7.0 84.7 1.2 5 7.5 15 88 Do Sept. 7,1939 950 26.0 8.1 98.5 1.4 2 7.9 15 86 Do.... do Sept. 15,1939 950 27.0 8.9 110.7 1.6 2 8.1 7 95 Do... Sept. 21,1939 267 23.5 7.2 83.4 1.4 9 7.7 20 94 Do do j__ Sept. 29,1939 1,370 23.5 5.8 67.8 .7 (0 7.5 10 103 Do do_ Oct. 5,1939 760 20.5 5.8 64.2 1.1 11 7.5 12 96 Do do. Oct. 13,1939 502 20.0 5.4 59.0 1.0 2 7.5 9 104 Do do Oct. 19,1939 17.5 6.7 69.5 1.2 (i) 7.5 6 104 Do Oct. 27,1939 586 18.5 7.2 75.8 .9 4 102 Do . ... Nov. 2; 1939 950 13.0 7.6 72.0 1.2 9 7.5 101 Do Nov. 10,1939 592 12.0 8.4 77.6 .6 9 7.5 Do . .do. Nov. 16,1939 586 9.0 9.9 85.4 1.0 2 7.4 86 Do do Nov. 24,1939 760 9.0 9.1 78.7 3.4 1 15 96 Do Nov. 30,1939 760 8.0 9.4 78.9 .8 2 Do 586 7.0 10.2 83.7 1.0 (') 99 Do do. Dec. 14,1939 586 6.0 10.2 81.7 3.2 24 7.4 10 96 Do Dec. 22,1939 420 10.9 .8 36 7.5 15 104 Do . Dec. 28,1939 1,370 2.3 11.4 83.5 .6 4 7.5 25 103 Do do. Feb. 5,1940 380 2.0 13.5 97.4 .9 0) 7.8 13 Table Ky-7.—Kentucky River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 687 Bo Feb. 13,1940 12.800 5. 5 13.0 102.«8 2.0 —- 24 7.5 85 Do Feb. 20,1940 20,700 4. 5 12.2 94.1 1.9 43 7.5 380 66 Do Feb. 27,1940 6,150 5.0 12. 7 99.4 .9 15 7.6 85 78 Do.. Mar. 4,1940 56, 600 7.5 9.8 81.1 2 8 93 7.5 1,000 52 Do Mar. 8,1940 11,300 6.0 11.6 93.0 .9 23 7.5 250 53 Do... Mar. 15,1940 6,870 5.0 11.8 92.4 .9 46 7.5 195 69 Do Mar. 21,1940 13.900 7.0 12.2 100.3 1.8 8 7.5 100 59 Do Mar. 29,1940 3, 050 9.0 11.8 101.4 1.1 2 7.5 70 68 Do... Apr. 4,1940 15. 200 13.0 10.3 97.2 1.4 24 7.3 310 54 Do July 22,1940 3,120 26.0 7.4 90.3 2.1 23 7.4 100 59 Do July 24,1940 1,840 27.0 7.2 89.5 1.9 4 7.5 55 60 Do July 26,1940 1,570 27.5 6.9 86.5 2.2 24 7.5 95 62 Do July 18,1940 7. 510 25.5 7.8 94.0 1.6 23 7.4 82 58 Do July 22,1940 3,120 25. 5 7.5 90.6 2.1 23 7.4 110 63 Do .. July 24,1940 1,840 27. 5 7.2 89.9 1.8 43 7.5 56 59 Do July 26,1940 1, 570 27. 5 7.0 87.6 1.8 24 7.5 70 62 Do Oct. 15,1940 2,160 18.5 7.4 78.6 1. 3 4 7.5 13 63 Do.. Oct. 17,1940 2,040 17.0 9.6 98.2 1.9 110 7.7 15 59 Do Jan. 17,1941 4,320 5.0 12.4 96.6 2.6 9 7.3 40 73 Do Jan. 21,1941 3,060 5. 5 12.2 96.8 3.6 4 7.3 88 81 110 Do Jan. 23,1941 2,580 4.5 12.4 95.3 3.1 46 7.5 90 83 1 Less than 1. 90035—44—pt. 2 35 LICKING RIVER BASIN 689 CONTENTS Page Contents 691 Syllabus and conclusions 693 Description 694 Presentation of field data 695 Presentation of laboratory data 696 Hydrometric data 698 Discussion 699 LIST OF TABLES L-l.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 694 L-2.—Surface-water supplies 695 L-3.—Sources of pollution 696 L-4.—Industrial wastes 696 L-5.—Selected laboratory data__ 697 L-6.—Monthly mean summer flows 698 L-7.—Summary of laboratory data 700 LIST OF FIGURES L-2. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 696 (Note.—For maps of this basin see Kentucky River Basin.) 691 LICKING RIVER BASIN 1 Syllabus and Conclusions SYLLABUS The Licking River drains 3,670 square miles in noitheastern Kentucky, part of which is mountainous but most of which is in the fertile Bluegrass section. The basin is primarily an agricultural area; there are no large cities and most of the population is rural. The two largest towns have installed sewage-treatment plants. The remaining sources of pollution, all of them small, present no par- ticularly difficult problems. Flow regulation by use of proposed flood control reservoirs will have no important effect on the pollution problem. CONCLUSIONS (1) Thirteen of the seventeen public water supplies in the basin come from surface sources. Two of these are seriously affected by sewage pollution. (2) A total of 25,200 people are connected to sewers and 11,200 to the two sewage-treatment plants in the basin. Industrial wastes from seven small plants have a population equivalent of 3,300. The population equivalent of all sewage and industrial wastes as discharged is 18,900. (3) Laboratory data indicate rather rapid recovery of the streams from the effects of pollution. A number of the smaller tributaries are grossly polluted in the vicinity of the sewer outfalls. (4) Available waste treatment methods can restore the streams of the basin to satisfactory conditions. (5) A summary of cost estimates of remedial measures from table L-l follows: Treatment Capital cost Annual cost Existing $290,000 $30,000 710,000 70,000 Estimated additional costs, over existing charges, of programs involv- ing uniform treatment throughout the basin are: Treatment Capital cost Annual cost $500,000 $45,000 Secondary, all places 740,000 75,000 1 For maps of this basin, see Kentucky River Basin. 693 694 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table L-l.—Licking River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested minimum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative cost for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popu- lation con- nected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Pri- mary Second- ary Amortiza- tion and interest Operation and main- tenance Total Existing sewage treatment Suggested minimum correction: Sewaee-treatment plants Required interceptors 0 2 11,200 $200,000 $20,000 $10,000 $30,000 2 11 14,000 520,000 180, 000 10, 000 36,000 8,000 1.000 24,000 60,000 8,000 2.000 Independent industrial waste cor- rection 1,000 Total — 710.000 500,000 740,000 710,000 45,000 30,000 50,000 45,000 25,000 15,000 25,000 25,000 70,000 45,000 75,000 70,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment all waste Secondary treatment all waste As suggested Description The Licking Basin comprises 3,G70 square miles of northeastern Kentucky immediately to the north and east of the Kentucky Basin which it resembles topographically and culturally. The headwaters are in a mountainous area and the western and northern portions of the basin are in the Bluegrass section. Agriculture is the principal industry. There are only four urban communities in the basin out- side of Campbell and Kenton Counties at the mouth of the river. These counties are in the Cincinnati metropolitan area and their population is omitted from the following summary. Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Urban communities: Winchester.. 7,156 5, 859 3,603 3,932 8, 333 6,310 3,857 3,995 8, 233 6,204 4, 386 4.350 8,594 6,697 4,840 4,782 Paris _ .. Cynthiana Mount Sterling Basin: Rural 149,724 20, 550 144, 209 22, 495 138, 639 23,173 145, 230 24,913 Urban . Total 170, 274 166. 703 159, 812 170,143 The only important tributary is the South Fork, which drains about 950 square miles of the Bluegrass section and joins the main stream at Falmouth (mile 51). All four of the urban communities are in the area drained by the South Fork. Water uses.—The Licking River is not considered a navigable stream. There are no flood-control or hydroelectric reservoirs in the basin. Most of the streams of the basin are used for fishing and OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 695 bathing by local residents, but there are no outstanding recreational developments. Presentation of Field Data Figure Ky-1 shows the location and magnitude of each source of pollution of consequence in the basin. Figure L-2 shows similar data and, in addition, the location of wTater-suppl}r intakes from streams below sources of pollution and laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. Public ivater supplies.—Thirteen of the seventeen communi- ties with public water supplies depend on surface sources. The 4 underground supplies serve 1,700 people and the 13 surface supplies serve 36,200. Five of the surface supplies are from streams below sources of pollution, while the other 8 are from small impounding reservoirs or from creeks above the entrance of any sewage. Table L-2 shows data on the surface-water supplies of the basin. Table L-2.—Licking River Basin: Surface water supplies Supply Source Mile 1 Treat- ment 2 Population served Consump- tion, million gallons per day Supplies below community sewer outfalls Falmouth.. 51.3 FD 2,100 4.500 0.30 Cvnthiana South Fork Licking River 82 FD .45 100 CD 900 .02 Paris __ Stoner Creek .... 101 FD 6.500 .80 Winchester Impounded—Kentucky River*. FD 9,000 .45 Other surface supplies Owingsville Slate Creek 155 FD 500 .02 Mount Sterling ..do. 175 FD 4,800 .23 Morehead Triplett Creek ... 179 FD 3,000 . 15 Walton. Impounded .. CD 700 .03 Wiliiamstown. do FD 1.200 .04 Carlisle do... FD 1,800 900 .04 Flemingsburg do FD .02 Alexandria4 . do FD 300 .01 Total: 23,000 13,200 2.02 Other . ... ... .54 36,200 2.56 1 Miles above mouth of Licking River. 2 F=Coagulated, settled, filtered: I) = Chlorinated; C = Coagulated, settled. s Emergency intake in Kentucky River (mile 180). 4 Under construction (1941). Sewerage.—Table L-3 shows the sewered population at each of the more important sources of pollution. Of the 25,200 people connected to sewers, about 45 percent are connected to the two sewage treatment plants in the basin. 696 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table L-3.—Licking River Basin: Sources of pollution, including industrial wastes expressed as servered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Municipality Stream Miles above mouth of Licking River Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treat- ment Sewered population equivalent (bio- chemical oxygen demand) Un- treated Dis- charged Licking River 51 274 82 88 100 35 100 125 120 129 179 1,000 500 4,300 None 1,100 500 4, 700 1,800 4,900 900 500 3,500 6.400 500 2,300 1.400 1,100 500 4,700 1,800 700 900 500 3,500 1,000 500 2, 300 1,400 do . . South Fork Licking River. do __ 4, 900 200 500 3.300 6.300 500 2.300 1,400 Secondary. None Cruise Creek Hinkston Creek ...do do . _ Strode’s Creek __ Secondary. None .. .. Flemingsburg Town Branch Fleming Creek. Small sources (5 towns). ...do 25, 200 28,500 18, 900 i Treatment plant under construction at time of laboratory survey. Industrial wastes.—There are seven small sources of industrial wastes in the basin outside the Cincinnati metropolitan area near the mouth of the Licking River. Table L-4 shows information on the waste-disposal practices of these plants. Table L-4.—Licking River Basin: Summary of industrial wastes not discharging to municipal treatment plants, with total of entire industrial waste load in the basin Number Industrial waste disposal At least minor Estimated sewered population Industry of plants Municipal sewers Private outlets corrective measures taken equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Meat 2 i 1 2 400 Milk 2 i 1 2 300 Miscellaneous .. 3 i 2 1 2, 600 Waste unconnected municipal treatment 7 3 4 5 3.300 0 Total industrial waste in basin 3,300 Presentation of Laboratory Data The laboratory data are summarized in table L-7 (p. 700). Selected laboratory data at some of the more important points are shown in table L-5. Samples were collected over a period of several months at Newport, Latonia, Butler, Falmouth, and Cynthiana and analyzed at the Cincinnati laboratory. All other points shown were sampled from a mobile laboratory unit during the low-flow period from Septem- ber to December 1939. FIG. L- 2 — r\> w m o Q o o y SEWERED POPULATION OR EQ Ul VA LE NT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS LEGEND jjjjjj'-—Reduction by Treatment Water Supply Intake FIGURE - L 2 LICKING RIVER SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND SELECTED LABORATORY DATA OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE HU (Pace p. 090) GPO - 43 0 - 90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 697 Table L-5.—Licking River Basin: Selected laboratory data River Licking Licking Licking Licking Licking Licking Licking Location Above Below Bridge Above Below Below Above Salyers- Salyers- Farmers Fal- Fal- Fal- Latonia ville ville mouth mouth mouth River miles above mouth of 273 272 171 51.5 49.4 49.4 5.5 Licking. Period, 1939. Nov. 27, Nov. 30 Sept. 19, July 10, July 10, Oct. 16 Oct. 9, 30 21 24 24 16 Number of samples 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 5 5 30 12,115 12,400 50 63 M in imum month _. 2.2 5.5 5.5 5.5 Water temperature, °C 2.3 .5 20.5 25.5 25.3 11.5 15.8 Coliforms per mililiter 4 23 6 253 285 1,100 3 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 12.4 8.9 6.8 6.4 6.8 9.9 8.0 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million .8 1.7 .7 2.5 2.1 1.5 1.5 River Triplett Hinkston Strodes Stoner Stoner South South Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Fork Fork Location Below Below Below Above Below Above Below ' More- Mount Win- Paris Paris Cyn- Cyn- head Sterling Chester thiana thiana River miles above: Confluence with Licking-.. 9 73 68 49 47.5 30.5 29 Mouth of Licking 179 124 119 100 98.5 81.5 80 Period, 1939 Sept. 19, Septem- Septem- Septem- Septem- Sept. 13, October 21; Oct. 4 ber ber ber ber Oct. 11 Number of samples 3 5 5 3 3 2 1 Flow in cubic feet per second: 1 5 5 Water temperature, °C 20.3 20.2 18.9 22.5 23.3 20.8 20.5 Coliforms per milliliter 528 84,400 41,660 5 46, 000 35 930 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 2.5 0 1.0 6.7 0 4.3 1.6 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 4.3 31.6 20.7 1.7 44.9 2.2 24.5 Figures Ky-3, Ky-4, and Ky-5 (p. 676) show by means of symbols the coliform, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand results at the various stations. The results thus shown are the averages of from one to three samples collected over short periods of less than 1 month at each of the mobile laboratory sampling points and indicate the most unfavorable monthly average at each of the points sampled from Cincinnati, where observations extended over a period of several months. The laboratory observations show the worst conditions along the main Licking Liver occurring below Blue Lick Springs, Falmouth, and Butler. On the South Fork bad conditions were found below Win- chester, Paris, and Cynthiana and below Mount Sterling and Millers- burg on Hinkston Creek. Complete absence of dissolved oxygen was observed at Mount Sterling and Paris and averages of 1.2 and 1.0 parts per million were observed below Millersburg and Winchester. Less than 3.0 parts per million were found at Carlisle and Morehead. The coliform observations are in general agreement with the dissolved oxygen and oxygen demand results as indicators of the major sources of pollution. There is a tendency for the coliforms to indicate a somewhat heavier degree of pollution than the dissolved oxygen at some stations as is shown by the results at Flemingsburg, Morehead, Blue Lick Springs, and Falmouth. The 5-day biochemical oxygen demand results for the most part lie within a range of from about 1 to 3 parts per million except immedi- 698 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL ately below sources of pollution and here the average values did not generally tend to exceed 5 or 6 parts per million, except below Mount Sterling with 31.6 parts per million, Carlisle with 16.5 parts per mil- lion, Winchester with 20.7 parts per million, Paris with 44.9 parts per million, Cynthiana with 24.5 parts per million, and Newport with 12.1 parts per million in January 1940. The pH ranged generally between about 7.0 to 8.0. The alkalinities varied from about 50 to 300 parts per million and the hardness ranged from 100 to 200 parts per million where these determinations were made. Where samples were taken over a period of months the indications were that the coliforms and the oxygen demand reached their lowest concentrations during the low-water months from September through December 1939. This is true above Falmouth and Latonia and is indicative of the effects of long flow times upon the natural purifica- tion phenomenon. The laboratory observations indicate that the natural recovering processes clear the stream in this basin within relatively short dis- tances below sources of pollution at times of low flows. Such indica- tions are not shown in those stretches at which increased flows were also observed. Biological summary.—The plankton population of the Licking, as a whole, is not high, usually less than 1,000 parts per million except below Paris and Cynthiana, where the effects of pollution are indicated by an increase in total plankton. Hydrometkic Data Seven stream gaging stations have been maintained on the Licking and the South Fork for various periods, only one of which is in opera- tion at the present time. Table L-6 shows monthly mean summer flows during some of the low-flow years. Table L-6.—Licking River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred Licking At Ca- tawba, Ky. South Fork, Licking At Hayes, Ky. 3 55 922 1928-31 River miles above— 48 3,300 1928-40 1930 1930 Juno ..cubic feet per second.. July do—. August.. do September -do 94. 1 17.0 13.7 11.6 14.5 .7 0 0 1936 1931 June - cubic feet per second.. July - do.... August do September. -do 95.3 29.5 198 440 56.1 271 124 68.1 1937 1929 June -- cubic feet per second.. July... - -do.... August - -d° September - -do 1, 505 626 343 87.4 398 1,200 81.6 570 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 699 Low-flow regulation.—A study of a proposed flood-control program, involving reservoirs on the main Licking River at Falmouth and Cave Run, has been made by the United States Engineer Depart- ment and consideration has been given to pollution control through multipurpose use of these reservoirs. Although seasonal low-flow control incidental to reservoir opera- tions conducted primarily for other purposes is both beneficial and desirable, studies indicate that no reduction in the degree of treatment required under present conditions will be possible. Hence, little tangible value can be assigned to this added stream discharge. Discussion The pollution problems of the Licking River Basin are largely local ones and are concentrated in the area drained by the South Fork. Because of the low flows to which the streams are subject, secondary treatment will be required at most of the communities except Fal- mouth and Butler, where primary treatment will be suficient. The water supplies at Millersburg and at Cvnthiana are subject to rather heavy pollution. At Millersburg better water treatment facilities are needed and the water intake is subject to pollution by drainage from the town itself. Improvements and enlargements are needed at the Winchester sewage treatment plant. The estimated cost of the suggested pollution abatement program is shown in table L-l (d. 694), together with estimates of the cost of treatment works already constructed and for comparative programs of primary treatment everywhere and of secondary treatment every- where. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Licking River, above all sewage, Salyersville. Li 273 Nov. 27,1939 5 0.6 13.1 90.9 0.7 3 7.0 5 38 11.7 89.1 .8 Do do Nov. 30,1939 5 4.0 4 7.0 7 44 Licking River, upper edge of Salyers- ville, Ky. Li 272.5 Nov. 20,1939 5 9.0 8.0 68.9 Lost 93 6.9 6 41 92 8.9 68.9 lacking River, 200 feet below last sewage outlet, Salyersville, Ky. Li 272. Nov. 30,1939 5 4.5 1.7 23 6.8 7 43 76.2 Licking River, mile below Salyers- ville, Ky. Li 271.8 Nov. 27,1939 5 .5 11.0 2.4 93 6.9 9 43 Lost Licking River, 1 mile below Salyers- ville, Ky. Li 271. Nov. 20,1939 5 9.0 8.3 71.6 23 7.0 9 45 148 Lost Licking River, above West Liberty, Ky. Li 232 Nov. 20,1939 27 8.0 7.9 66.4 4 6.8 18 45 107 Do.. do Nov. 27,1939 27 .5 9.4 65.0 4.2 1 6.9 20 45 Do do Nov. 3(11939 27 4.0 10.7 81.6 1.0 4 6.9 15 44 Licking River, lower edge of West Liberty, Ky. Li 321.5 Nov. 27,1939 27 2.5 10.9 79.7 4.0 4 7.0 8 47 11.3 86.0 2.5 Do do Nov. 30,1939 27 4.0 4 7.0 12 47 Licking River, ]4, mile below West Liberty, Ky. Li 231- Nov. 20,1939 27 8.5 8.7 74.2 Lost 23 7.0 22 48 97 71.5 Licking River, bridge, Farmers, Ky__ Do Li 171 Sept. 19.1939 30 20.5 6.5 .6 4 7.3 14 56 do... ___ Sept. 21,1939 30 20.5 7.0 77.3 . 7 9 7.2 23 58 Triplett Creek, 1 mile below More- head, Ky. LiT 178 Sept. 19,1939 20.5 2.2 23.8 3.3 23 6.9 11 57 Do Sept. 21,1939 21.0 3.1 34.3 6.8 1,100 7.0 25 69 Do Oct. 11.1939 19.5 2.2 23.8 2.8 460 6.9 12 70 123 Town Branch, Fleming Creek 1 mile below Flemingsburg, Ky., LiFt129 Sept. 19,1939 1 20.0 5.9 64.3 8.0 150 7.8 36 149 20. 5 7.6 84.3 2.9 Do Sept. 22,1939 1 93 7.6 32 150 Do do_ Oct. 11,1939 1 17.5 7.4 77.0 2.7 240 7.7 27 201 218 Licking River, upper edge Blue Lick Springs. Li 99 Sept. 18,1939 48 23.5 5.9 68.8 2.3 2 7.5 32 80 6.1 70.8 1.0 Do do Sept. 20,1939 48 23.5 2 7.5 40 79 Licking River, upper edge Blue Lick Springs. Li 98 — Sept. 18,1939 49 23.5 6.3 72.9 1.3 240 7.4 37 80 26.0 8.5 103.2 1.7 Licking River, bridge above Clays- ville, Ky. Li 82 Sept. 18,1939 73 46 7.9 54 86 Do do Sept. 20,1939 73 24.0 9.1 106.3 1.3 46 7.9 51 84 Table L-7.—Licking River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 701 Hinkston Creek, }4 mile above Mount Sterling, Ky. Do LiFH 126 Sept. 12,1939 Sept. 14,1939 Sept. 12,1939 Sept. 14,1939 Sept. 19,1939 Sept. 21, 1939 Sept. 22.1939 Sept. 21,1939 Sept. 22,1939 Sept. 15,1939 Sept. 18,1939 Sept. 20,1939 Oct. 11,1939 Oct. 11,1939 20.5 9.1 100.2 5.4 36 7.9 80 144 do 24.0 4. 5 52.6 6.9 2 7.7 61 133 Hinkston Creek. 1 mile below Mount LiSfH 124... 21.0 0 0 34.3 46, 000 110, 000 7.5 ' 32 323 Sterling, Ky. Do do 26.0 0 0 43.6 7.6 30 329 Do.... 19.5 0 0 18.0 46,000 7.-6 15 339 Do do 19.0 0 0 21.0 110.000 110, 000 290 7.5 15 272 Do . 15. 5 0 0 41. 1 7.5 28 322 Hinkston Creek, 3 miles below LiSfH 122. 19.0 3.2 34.0 7.3 7.6 26 261 Mount Sterling, Ky. Do do 15.5 2.8 28.2 29.5 36 7. 5 47 242 Hinkston Creek, 1 mile above Mil- lersburg, Ky. Do.... LiSfH 101 25.5 14.7 176.9 7.1 15 8.7 32 147 22.0 5.9 66.9 4.5 110 7.6 55 154 Do... 23.5 10.2 118.1 4.9 24 7.9 51 154 Hinkston Creek, upper edge Millers- burg, Ky. Hinkston Creek, 300 feet below' last sewage outlet, Millersburg, Ky. Hinkston Creek, 1 mile below Millers- LiSfH 100 19.5 2. 2 23.9 4.9 240 7.4 43 177 209 LiSfH 99 17.5 1.2 12.9 5.9 1,100 7. 4 9 172 196 LiSfH 9S Sept. 13,1939 Sept. 15,1939 Sept. 18,1939 Sept. 20,1939 Sept. 13,1939 Sept. 15,1939 Sept. 19,1939 Oct. 11,1939 Sept. 13,1939 Sept. 15,1939 Sept. 14,1939 Sept. 12,1939 Sept. 14,1939 Sept. 12,1939 Sept. 14,1939 Sept. 19,1939 Sept. 21,1939 Sept. 22,1939 Sept. 21,1939 Sept. 22,1939 21.5 3.9 43.5 3.9 240 7.6 20 143 burg, Ky. Do. 24.5 2.7 31.6 2.5 43 7.5 15 147 Do.... do 20.5 1.9 20.7 2.5 4 7.4 13 148 Do 21.5 2.0 22.0 2.8 4 7. 4 22 152 Brush Fork Creek, upper edge of Carlisle, Ky. Scrub Grass Creek, above Carlisle, Ky. Brush Fork Creek, y% mile below Carlisle, Ky. Do LiSfH 108 27.0 2.6 32.6 16.5 36 7.7 137 212 LiSfBS 109 21.5 3.4 38.7 16.2 12 8. 4 76 181 LiSfB 107.. 20.5 6.8 74.3 3.2 110 7.8 37 142 17.0 4.9 50.7 3.5 75 7.6 50 161 172 Brush Fork Creek, 1 mile below Car- lisle, Ky. Do LiSfB 106 25.5 7.4 88.8 1.5 23 7.6 15 140 24.5 3.2 37.5 2.6 8 7.6 27 147 Stoner Creek, above dam, North Middletown, Ky. Strodes Creek, edge of town, above Winchester, Ky. Do . LiSfS 111 25.5 5.4 65.3 . 1 15 7.8 25 148 LiSfS 121 16.0 4.1 41.3 3.0 36 7.6 20 370 22.0 2.7 30.7 4.3 110 7.6 20 364 Strodes Creek, 1 mile below Win- chester, Ky. Do LiSfS 119 19.5 3.8 41.0 8.4 24,000 4,300 24,000 7.7 35 349 21.5 .5 5.4 14.5 7.6 23 325 Do 20.0 0 0 42.2 7.2 110 110 Do 19. 5 .3 3.6 19.9 110,000 7.6 17 285 Do 14.0 .5 5.2 18.3 46,000 36 7.6 25 311 LiSfS 116 ;.. 19.0 3.4 35.9 3.1 7.6 20 211 Chester, Ky.’ Do do. 17.0 3.6 36.4 3.1 4 7.6 22 218 702 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Stoner Creek Power Plant, above LiSfSt 100 Sept. 12,1939 24.5 6.9 81.3 1.5 4 7.8 12 165 Paris, Ky. Do do Sept. 14,1939 20.0 7.0 76.0 1. 4 9 7 8 13 162 Do _ _ ..do Sept. 19,1939 23.0 6. 2 71.3 2. 4 2 7 8 13 Stoner Creek, 200 yards below sewage, LiSfSt 98.5 Sept. 20,1939 24.5 0 0 51.4 46,000 7. 4 54 234 Paris, Ky. Do do Sept. 21,1939 23.5 0 0 42. 2 48,000 7. 5 66 240 Do . . do . . Sept. 22,1939 22.0 0 0 41.2 46,000 7. 4 51 238 Stoner Creek, mile below sewage, LiSfSt 98.2 Sept. 12,1939 20.5 5.1 55.7 5.3 36 7.8 30 191 Paris, Ky. Do do Sept. 14,1939 22.0 3.3 36.9 4.1 4 7. 7 15 187 Stoner Creek, 1 mile below sewage, LiSfSt 97.5 Sept. 19,1939 21.5 1.4 15.7 7.5 24 7.6 13 211 Paris, Ky. South Fork, Licking River, at lower LiSf 89 Sept. 13,1939 5 21.5 5.4 61. 1 2.2 4 7.9 76 154 bridge, above Lair, Ky. Do do Sept. 15.1939 5 24.0 5.8 67.4 1.8 9 7 9 41 154 South Pork, Licking River, 1 mile LiSf88.... Sept. 13,1939 5 24.5 6.7 79.3 1.0 3 7.8 76 151 below Lair, Ky. Do Sept. 15.1939 5 24.0 6. 4 74.6 1.9 12 7 8 56 154 Do. do Sept. 18,1939 23. 5 5.9 6S.6 2.7 9 7.8 90 156 South Pork, Lickine River, 1 mile LiSf 82 Sept. 15,1939 5 25.5 7.3 87.6 2.2 15 8.0 33 155 above Cynthiana, Ky. Do Sept. 18.1939 5 24.5 7.1 83.8 4.1 4 7 9 49 161 Do Sept. 20,1939 5 21.0 5.0 56. 1 4. 7 4 7 9 55 158 South Fork, Licking River, upper LiSf 81.5 Sept. 13,1939 5 22.0 4.2 48.0 1. 5 23 7. 6 39 165 edge Cynthiana, Ky. Do Oct. 11,1939 5 19. 5 4. 4 47.8 2.8 46 7 6 15 182 210 South Fork, Licking River, 1 mile LiSf 80 Sept. 13,1939 5 24.0 9.5 111. 1 4.4 7 8. 2 33 144 below Cynthiana, Ky. Do do Sept. 15,1939 25. 3 12. 7 152. 1 3.0 2 8 6 22 143 Do ... . . Oct. lb 1939 5 20.5 1. 6 17.1 24. 5 930 7 4 44 158 180 South Fork, Licking River 1}4> miles LiSf 79.5 Sept. 18,1939 4 24.0 9.3 108.8 5.8 1 8.1 20 153 below Cynthiana, Ky. Do ... do Sept. 20 1939 4 21.5 6.1 68.0 2. 7 24 7.9 37 150 South Fork, Licking River, bridge in LiSf 81 Feb. 17i 1939 6.5 11.6 94.5 1.6 240 town, Cynthiana, Ky. Do do Feb. 24,1939 4. 5 12.4 95. 4 1.1 93 Do do Mai'. 1,1939 7.0 11.0 90.0 2. 7 75 Do do Mar. 6,1939 9. 5 9.8 8501 3.1 93 Vo..... do._ Mar. 14,1939 10.5 10.1 90.4 1.6 43 Table L-7.—Licking River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual residts—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 703 Do Mar. 22,1939 Mar. 30,1930 Apr. 5,1939 Apr. 11,1939 Apr. 21,1939 Apr. 27,1939 May 3,1939 Apr. 9,1939 Apr. 17,1939 Apr. 25,1939 Apr. 31,1939 June 6,1939 June 12,1939 Sept. 20.1939 Feb. 17,1939 Feb. 24,1939 Mar. 1,1939 Mar. 6,1939 Mar. 14,1939 11.0 11.2 101.4 1.2 7 Do 10.0 10.4 92. 1 3.8 240 Do 10.5 10.6 94.5 1.2 24 Do 12.0 10. 1 93.1 1.0 9 Do do 11.0 10. 4 93.8 .4 93 Do 19.0 8.8 94. 7 4 Do 15. 5 9.6 95.7 1.3 24 Do 18. 5 10.0 105.6 3.9 46 Do 19.0 10.7 114.8 4.5 4 Do 26.0 7.0 85.8 2.4 24 Do 26.0 5. 3 64.8 4.0 240 Do 24. 5 8.8 104.7 4.0 460 Do 23.0 6.6 76.5 1.8 43 South Fork, Licking River, Berry, Ky. South Fork, Licking River, bridge on US 27, above Falmouth, Ky. Do LiSf 69 4 21.0 6.8 75.8 2.2 9 7.8 50 133 LiSf 52 7.5 11.6 96.8 3. 1 93 5.5 12.8 101.1 1. 5 43 Do 7.0 11.6 94.9 1.7 43 Do 9.0 10.4 90.2 3.3 93 Do 11.0 10.7 96.3 2.3 23 Do Mar. 22,1939 10.0 11.4 100.7 .8 4 Do Mar. 30,' 1939 Apr. 5,1939 Apr. 11.1939 Apr. 21,1939 Apr. 27,1939 May 3,1939 May 9,1939 May 17,1939 May 25,1939 May 31,1939 June 6,1939 June 12,1939 June 26,1939 July 10,1939 July 24,1939 Aug. 7,1939 Aug. 21,1939 Sept. 18.1939 Oct. 16 1939 9.0 10. 7 92.4 3.7 150 Do 9.0 11.0 94.8 1.5 110 Do 11. J 10.4 93.4 1.6 93 Do 11.0 10.5 94.4 1.4 93 Do 18.5 8.6 91. 4 1.3 43 Do 15.5 13.2 131.8 4.8 4 Do 19.5 8.8 94.8 2.1 2 Do 20.0 9.6 105.1 2.5 4 Do 25.5 7.0 84.1 1.6 24 Do 27.5 8.7 109.3 3.3 2 Do 24.0 7. 5 87.7 2.0 24 Do 21.5 6.9 77.7 3. 1 240 Do None 7. 4 1.8 240 Do 25.0 7.3 87.1 2.0 460 Do 26.5 7.5 92.1 1.8 24 Do 23.5 7.2 83.6 1.5 46 Do 24.5 7.0 82.6 1.2 460 7.8 Do 29 20.0 7.1 77. 1 1.1 24 7.8 Do 27 10.0 10.2 90.0 1.2 15 8.0 Do Nov. 13.1939 24 5.0 11.3 88.0 1.2 9 7.6 Do Dec. 22.1939 0 13.3 91.1 .9 4 7.7 Do Jan. 16,1940 Jan. 29.1940 0 13.8 94.4 3.7 1,100 7.6 Do 0 13.6 93.3 1.3 4 7.6 Do Feb. 6,1940 Feb. 14,1940 Feb. 20,1940 Feb. 27.1940 1.0 13. 1 92.2 6.2 150 7.5 Do 4.5 12.5 96.3 1.5 43 7.5 Do 7.0 11.6 95.6 2.2 29 7.5 Do 6. u 12.8 102.7 1.1 15 7.5 Do 11.0 9.8 88.4 3.2 460 7.5 Do Mar. 8. 1940 6.0 11.9 95.4 .9 23 7.6 Do.- - .. _.do Mar. 14,1940 5.0 12.2 95.4 .8 9 7.7 1 1 90035—44—pt. 2 36 704 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second 'Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Hardness, parts per million LiSf 52 Mar. 21.1940 10.0 12.3 108. 4 0.7 4 7.9 US 27, above Falmouth, Ky. Do . do 29. 1940 12.0 10.9 100.9 .9 1 8.2 Li 51 17 1939 8.0 11.5 96.6 2 4 23 Route No. 22 above Falmouth, Ky. Do .. do__ Feb. 24 1939 5.5 11.8 93.8 1.3 4 Do do Mar. 1.1939 7.0 11.5 94.2 1.3 23 Do. do Mar. 6,1939 8.5 10.5 89.8 3.1 93 Do do 14,1939 11.5 lu. 4 94. 4 1. 6 93 Do do 22,1939 9.5 11.5 100. 6 .7 3 Do do 30.1939 10.0 10.6 93.9 2.2 43 Do do_ Apr. 5,1939 10.0 11.0 96.6 1.0 110 Do do 11,1939 11.5 11.0 100.0 .8 9 Do do_. 21,1939 12.0 9.9 91.7 1.0 23 Do do Apr. 27,1939 18.0 8.7 91.1 1 2 93 Do do 3, 1939 15.5 9.6 95.0 1.0 15 Do do May 9, 1939 19.0 9.7 103.5 1.8 4 Do do 17,1939 20.5 9.3 1U2.1 1 7 2 Do do 25,1939 25.5 7.1 85.2 1.7 5 Do •___ do May 3b 1939 26.5 6.6 81.3 1.6 24 Do do_ June 6,1939 25.0 6.9 82.1 1.3 15 Do do. June 12,1939 22.5 7.0 79.7 2.2 460 Licking River, above sewers, above Li 51.5 June 26,1939 1,080 None 7.3 3.4 110 Falmouth, Ky. Do do July 10,1939 25.0 5.3 63.7 4.2 460 Do do July 24,1939 26.0 7.4 90.4 .8 46 Do do Aug. 7,1939 24.0 7.2 85.0 .8 46 Do do Aug. 21,1939 24.0 6.2 72.8 1 4 240 7. 6 Do do Sept. 18,1939 56 23. 5 8.2 95.0 2.1 4 8. 0 Do do Oct. 16,1939 44 12.0 9.8 90.5 1.6 5 7.9 Do do Nov. 13,1939 51 6.0 11.6 92.6 1.4 2 7. 5 Do do Dec. 22,1939 1.0 13.0 91.0 1.7 2 7. 5 Do do_ Jan. 16,1940 0 13.8 94. 2 2.6 46 7. 7 Do do_ Jan. 29,1940 0 13.8 94. 4 2.2 g 7 6 Do do Feb. 6,1940 0 13.0 89.1 2.4 21 7. 5 Do do Feb. 14,1940 1. 5 12.5 88.9 1.8 23 7.5 Do. do_ Feb. 20,1940 6.0 11.1 89.0 1.8 23 7. 5 Do. do Feb. 27,1940 7.0 12. 7 104.5 1.1 9 7 8 Do do. Mar. 4,1940 10.0 10.3 90. 9 3.0 240 7. Do. do Mar. 8,1940 8.0 11.4 95.7 .9 43 7.5 1 1 Table L-7.—Licking River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 705 Do Mar. 14,1940 Mar. 21,1940 Mar. 29,1940 June 26,1939 July 10.1939 6.0 10.5 11.0 None 25.0 12.4 11.2 11.4 7.4 6.2 96.6 100.1 102.9 1.9 .8 .4 2.0 2.4 2 3 2 110 460 7.6 7.8 7.6 Do Do Licking River, below Falmouth, Ky_ Do Li 49 4 2,400 73.6 Do July 24,1939 25.5 7. 4 89.2 1.7 110 Do Aug. 7.1939 23.5 7.1 82.6 1.4 150 Do Aug. 21,1939 24.5 6.4 75.5 1.6 460 7.5 Do Sept. 18,1939 65 22.5 8.0 91.4 1.9 110 7.9 Do Oct. 16,1939 50 11.5 9.9 90.5 1.5 1,100 7.9 Do Nov. 13,1939 80 5.5 11.5 91.2 1.3 43 7.5 Do Dec. 22,1939 1.0 None 1.5 93 7.5 Do Jan. 291940 0 13.8 94.2 5.0 110 7.5 Do Feb. 6,1940 0 13.2 90.1 4.8 43 7.5 Li 35 Feb. 17,1939 29,600 7. 5 11.6 96.4 20 Butler, Ky. Do Feb. 24,1939 6,770 5.5 12.0 94.9 1.3 9 Do Mar. 1,1939 17,375 6.0 11.5 91.9 1.8 43 Do Mar. 6,1939 48,000 8. 5 10.6 90.3 3.3 240 Do Mar. 14,1939 21,000 10.5 10.3 91.8 1.8 23 Do . do_ Mar. 22] 1939 2,650 9.5 11.5 100.1 1.0 4 7.7 36 93 Do Mar. 30,1939 13,810 9.5 10.6 92.2 3. 1 93 7.6 950 81 Do Apr. 5,1939 8,260 9.5 11.0 96.0 1.0 46 7.6 100 75 Do Apr. lb 1939 7,060 11.0 10.7 96.8 .7 15 7.8 100 77 Do Apr. 21,1939 20,200 11.5 9.9 90.6 1.1 43 8.0 180 59 Do Apr. 27,1939 3,680 17.0 9.0 92.2 1.0 9 7.6 41 100 Do May 3,1939 2,025 14.5 9.8 95.9 1.8 15 7.8 40 91 Do May 9,1939 1,170 20.0 8.9 97.1 2.1 8 8.3 15 95 Do May 17,1939 795 18.5 8.7 92.6 1.7 2 8. 1 5 99 Do May 25,1939 1,360 25.0 7.8 92.8 1.8 24 7.7 43 96 Do May 31,1939 980 26.5 8.0 97.9 1.4 24 7.8 25 74 Do June 6,1939 1,120 25.0 7.1 85.0 1.9 24 7.7 162 106 Do June 12,1939 3,630 22.0 6.4 72.3 3.2 240 7.7 825 82 Do Feb. 20,1940 26, 800 7.0 12.0 98.4 2.2 240 7.5 Do Feb. 27,1940 3,100 7.5 12.9 107.6 .9 23 7.6 Do 50,400 10.0 10.1 89.3 3.2 93 7.5 Do Mar. 8,1940 8,800 7.0 11.4 93.9 1.0 93 7.5 Do Mar. 14,1940 2,300 4.5 12.3 94.9 .9 8 7.6 Do Mar. 21,1940 2, 920 8.0 11.4 95.6 .9 15 7.8 Do Mar. 29,1940 1,360 13.0 11.2 105.8 .6 9 7.6 Licking Bivcr, Louisville & Nash- Li 3.3 Apr. 5, 1939 9,000 10.0 10.8 94.9 1.1 460 . - ville R. R. bridge, Latonia, Ky. Do Apr. 11,1939 7,690 11.5 10.6 96.7 1.5 210 Do Apr. 21,1939 2,200 12.5 9.5 88.8 1.2 23 Do Apr. 27,1939 4,000 17.5 8.9 91.9 .8 23 Do May 3,1939 2, 200 15.5 9.7 96.7 1.8 150 Do May 9,1939 1,270 20.0 8.9 96.7 2.5 43 Do May 17,1939 '865 21.0 8.6 95.9 2.0 110 Do May 25,1939 1,480 26.5 7.1 87.2 2.1 1,100 Dft May 31,1939 1,070 25.0 7.0 83.5 1.6 23 Do 1,220 23.5 6.6 76.2 2.3 110 Do do June 12,1939 3,950 23.5 6.2 72.6 3.0 460 706 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent of satura- tion Licking River, above Banklick Creek, above Latonia, Ky. Do Li 5.5 June 26,1939 July 10,1939 July 24,1939 Aug. 7,1939 Aug. 21,1939 Sept. 11.1939 Sept. 18,1939 Oct. 9,1939 Oct. 10,1939 Nov. 6,1939 Nov. 13,1939 Dec. 15,1939 Dec. 22,1939 Jan. 16,1940 Jan. 29,1940 Feb. 6,1940 Feb. 14,1940 Feb. 20,1940 Mar. 4,1940 Mar. 8,1940 Mar. 14,1940 Mar. 21,1940 Mar. 29,1940 Feb. 24,1939 Mar. 1,1939 Mar. 6,1939 Mar. 14,1939 Mar. 30,1939 Jan. 16,1940 Jan. 29,1940 Feb. 6,1940 Feb. 14.1940 Feb. 20,1940 Feb. 27,1940 Mar. 4,1940 Mar. 8,1940 Mar. 14,1940 Mar. 21,1940 Mar. 29,1940 2,630 26, 800 1, 380 1,620 2,410 141 109 64 58 192 99 127 130 4,950 460 4,200 7,150 29, 200 54, 900 9,580 2,500 3,180 1,480 7,370 18, 900 52,300 22.900 15,000 4,950 460 4,200 7,150 29, 200 3, 370 54.900 9, 580 2,500 3,180 1,480 None 24.0 24.0 23.5 24.0 21.5 23.0 19.0 12.5 6.0 5.0 2.5 1.5 0 0 1.0 2.5 5.0 8.0 7.0 5.0 7.5 10.5 6.0 7.0 8.5 12.0 9. 5 0 0 2.0 4.5 7.5 5.0 8.0 9.0 5.0 11.0 13 0 6.8 5.5 7.2 6.7 6.2 6.5 6.6 8.0 8.0 11.3 11.5 12.3 12.2 13.1 13.8 13.2 12.2 12.1 10.1 11.3 12.2 11.2 11.3 11.7 11.6 10.6 10.0 10.4 12.9 13.0 11.4 12.2 12.1 12.7 9.8 11.1 12.2 11.0 11.2 2.0 2.9 1.4 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.8 1.2 1.0 1.2 2.6 1.5 4.4 3.1 6.6 2.2 2.4 3.1 1.0 1.2 1.4 .9 1.6 2.2 3.2 2.7 3.8 18.7 5.5 10.1 2.0 2.5 2.7 2.9 1.5 1.5 1.3 2.2 460 460 9 46 43 7 2 2 5 4 4 9 9 110 4 240 43 93 93 23 12 4 4 150 93 240 93 240 460 240 1,100 240 240 460 93 1,100 1,100 240 240 7.8 550 94 64.0 84.5 78.1 72.7 73.0 75.8 85.9 74.4 90.5 89.8 90.3 86.7 89.3 94.7 93.0 89.3 94.8 84.9 92.8 95.5 93.5 101.1 93.5 91.9 90.0 92.7 91.2 88.2 88.9 82.2 94.4 100.3 99.5 82.9 95.9 95. 1 99.5 105.7 * Do Do Do 7.5 Do Do 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.9 7.6 Do Do.. Do Do Do Do Do Do Do. Do Do Do Do Do Do do___ Do Licking River, mouth, Newport, Ky_. Do Li 0.4 Do do___ Do Do Do 7.6 7.6 6.8 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.5 Do Do Do Do Do Do . Do. .. Do Do . Do Table L-7. Licking River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued SALT RIVER BASIN 707 CONTENTS Papre Contents 709 Syllabus and conclusions 711 Description 712 Presentation of field data 713 Presentation of laboratory data 715 Hydrometric data 716 Discussion 717 LIST OF TABLES St-1.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 712 St-2.—Surface water supplies 713 St-3.—Sources of pollution 714 St-4.—Industrial wastes 714 St-5.—Selected laboratory data 715 St-6.—Monthly mean flows L 717 St-7.—Summary of laboratory data 718 LIST OF FIGURES St-2.—Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 714 (Note.—For maps of this basin see Kentucky River Basin.) SALT RIVER BASIN 1 Syllabus and Conclusions SYLLABUS The Salt River Basin comprises 2,890 square miles of the Bluegrass section in the north central part of Kentucky. The population of nearly 140,000 is predominantly rural, only 16,000 people living in the 4 towns of more than 2,500 population. All but one of the larger communities have sewage treatment plants. The most serious pollu- tion problems are caused by wastes from the 24 distilleries. Although all of these have taken some steps to reduce the quantity and strength of their wastes, further corrective measures appear justified for the protection of aquatic life. CONCLUSIONS (1) Of 17 public water supplies, 15, serving 26,500 people, are from surface sources. Pollution is a minor problem in connection with these supplies. (2) Sewage from about 20,300 people is discharged to the streams of the basin. About 85 percent of sewage is treated prior to discharge. Industrial wastes with a population equivalent of about 99,000 also reach the streams. Almost all of this waste is from distilleries. (3) Laboratory observations show that the Salt River and its prin- cipal tributaries are not seriously polluted except immediately below the larger sources of pollution. The streams seem to recover rather quickly from the pollutional loads placed on them. Practically no distillery wastes were being discharged at the time of sampling. (4) The limited records available indicate the following minimum flows: Cubic Jeet per second Salt River at Shepherdsville 0. 4 Rolling Fork at Boston.; 16. 0 Beech Fork at Fredericktown None (5) Very little of the waste enters the larger streams directly. Most of the communities and industries arc located on small tribu- taries which afford practically no dilution. (6) All but one of the sewage treatment plants in the basin provide secondary treatment. Such treatment everywhere, is indicated because of the lack of appreciable dilution. (7) Treatment of distillery wastes by evaporation of the slop and ponding or broad irrigation of other wastes is needed at the larger plants. At others, improved ponding or irrigation facilities probably will suffice. (8) The estimated cost of remedial measures as summarized from table St-1 follows: Treatment Capital cost Annual cost Existing $670,000 460, 000 $80, 000 Suggested addition al 70,000 1 For maps of this basin, see Kentucky River Basin. 711 712 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Estimated additional costs, over existing charges, of programs involv- ing uniform treatment throughout the basin are: Treatment Capital cost Annual cost Primary, all places $380, 000 460,000 $60,000 70,000 Secondary, all places Table St-1.—Salt River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested minimum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Pri- mary Second- ary Amorti- zation and interest Opera- tion and main- tenance Total Existing sewage treatment Suggested minimum correction: Sewage treatment plants _ i 7 17,100 $670,000 $48,000 $32,000 $80,000 0 7 3,200 200,000 10,000 250, 000 14,000 1,000 41,000 10,000 24,000 1,000 45,000 Independent industrial waste 4,000 Total 460,000 380,000 460,000 460, 000 56,000 50,000 56,000 56,000 14,000 10, 000 14,000 14,000 70,000 60.000 70,000 70,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment all waste Secondary treatment all waste.. As suggested: Description The Salt River Basin comprises 2,890 square miles of rolling land in north central Kentucky, most of which is the fertile agricultural land of the Bluegrass section. The Salt River joins the Ohio at West Point, Ky., about 25 miles below Louisville. Distance above mouth Drainage area, square miles Major tributaries: 12 1,470 776 Beech Fork- ... . 29 Floyds Fork. _ .. ... ... 24 262 Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Urban communities: 3,147 3,412 3,077 2,126 3,765 4,029 4, 673 Shelby ville 3, 760 4, 033 4, 392 3,239 1,717 3, 248 3,786 3,152 1.767 Entire basin: 9,636 118,059 10, 764 121, 268 11,310 114. 852 16,003 123,865 Total. 127,695 132,032 126,162 139,868 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 713 Agriculture and whisky distilling are the principal industries of the area. Most of the 24 distilleries are small and are located in rural areas. Water uses.—The Salt River is not navigable except near the mouth where it is influenced by backwater from the Ohio River. There are no flood-control or hydroelectric reservoirs in the basin. The lack of important towns along the larger streams lessens the need for flood control, and no reservoirs haVe been authorized. Many of the streams are used by local residents for fishing and bathing but the streams are not particularly attractive for recreation because of the extreme low flows which usually prevail during the summer. Presentation of Field Data Figure Ky-1 shows the location and magnitude of each source of pollution of consequence in the basin. Figure St-2 shows similar data and, in addition, the location of water supply intakes from streams below sources of pollution and laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxj'gen and biochemical oxygen demand. Public water supplies.—All but 2 of the 17 public water supplies in the basin come from surface sources. The 2 underground sup- plies serve only 600 people while the surface supplies serve 26,500. Five of the surface supplies are from streams below sources of pollution while the other 10 are from small impounding reservoirs or from streams above the point of entrance of any sewage. Table St-2 shows data on the surface water supplies of the basin. Table St-2.—Salt River Basin: Surface water supplies Supply Source Mile ‘ Treat- ment 2 Population served Consump- tion, mil- lion gallons per day Supplies below community sewer outfalls Salt River. 25 FD 500 0.02 do 57 FD 900 .06 do 91 FD 2,100 .25 Rolling Fork... 23 FD 500 .02 do 45 FD 300 .01 Other surface supplies Rolling Fork __ _ .. 87 FD 3,500 0.18 Bradford ville North Fork Rolling Fork (infil- 95 None 200 .01 tration gallery). Shelbvville Clear Creek, impounded- 89 FD 4, 000 .29 Mill Creek-Otter Creek 15 FD 5,000 .70 Salt River .. 122 FD 4,500 . 14 Impounded .. FD 2, 500 .22 *do FD 1, 600 .09 do FD. .. 300 .03 do F 400 .02 .. do 3 O . 200 .02 Total: 4, 300 0.36 Other -- 22,200 1.70 Total surface water supplies 26,500 2. 06 1 Miles above mouth of Salt River. 2 F=coagulated, settled, filtered; D=chlorinated. 3 For inferior purposes only. 714 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sewerage,.—Table St-3 shows the sewered population at each of the more important sources of pollution. All but 3,200 of the 20,300 people connected to sewers are served by sewage treatment plants. Table St-3.—Salt River Basin: Sources of pollution, including industrial wastes, expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Municipality Stream Miles above mouth of Salt River Population connected to sewers Treatment Sewered population equivalent (biochemi- cal oxygen demand) Untreated Discharged 4 12 23 46 54 81 80 50 55 70 26 47 S3 49 57 88 96 123 1.700 5,000 12,000 14,000 14,800 8,000 1.500 3.500 1, 500 1,400 20,000 16,000 2.500 1,900 1,100 3, 200 7.700 1,800 1,600 1.700 800 12,000 14,000 14,800 4.700 600 3.500 1.500 1.400 20,000 16,000 2,200 1,900 1,100 500 6.400 1,200 1,000 i 5,000 Secondary. Lebanon Junction.. Atherton viile Rolling Fork tributary.. Knob Creek . Bardstown Beech Fork. 1.500 3.500 1,100 Secondary. Springfield . . . Road Run _ ... Gethsemane . Dant Pottinger Creek, South Fork. Hardins Creek, West Fork Prathers Creek. Loretto Clermont.. Beats viile- . ... Cane Run Nazareth College... Fairfield Cox’s Creek _ . 2 400 Secondary. Cox’s Creek, East Fork Taylorsville 800 3,200 1,500 1,700 1,600 Shelby viile.. Secondary. Lawrence burg . _. Hammond Creek Harrodsburg Town Branch of Salt River. Primary.. Various... 6 smaller sources. . Total 20,300 119,200 105,300 1 Conditions at time of survey in 1940. Population has since increased. 3 Corrective measures being taken 1941. Figure represents conditions at time of survey. Industrial icastes.—All of the 29 waste producing industrial plants in the basin have taken some steps to reduce the strength or amount of their wastes. Table St-4 shows data on the various sources of in- dustrial wastes. Table St-4.—Salt River Basin: Summary of industrial wastes not discharging to municipal treatment plants, with total of entire industrial waste load in the basin Number Industrial waste disposal At least minor Estimated sewered population Industry of plants Municipal sewers Private outlets corrective measures taken equivalent (biochemi- cal oxygen demand) Milk. 2 i 1 2 700 Distilleries 24 24 24 97,500 1 1 1 W aste, unconnected municipal treat- ment _ 27 i 26 27 98,200 700 Total industrial waste in basin 98,900 ?[$■ 1*‘2_ 2 2 2 § 2 ? SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS — to o* ♦ o» ° 2 2 2 2 2 SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS L EGENO I Indicot*! pollution r*movod by t'*°tm«nt. wottr Supply Intoko. FIGURE - St 2 SALT RIVER SOURCES OF POLLUTION ANO SELECTED LABORATORY DATA OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE Lit! (Face p.714) GPO-43 0 - 90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 715 None of the distilleries operates throughout the year. Most of them commence operation in October or November and continue thoughout winter and spring. Since these are the months during which temperatures are low and stream flows high, the waste from the distilleries does not cause as serious pollution as if they operated throughout the summer months. Nevertheless they present the out- standing pollution problem of the basin. Presentation of Laboratory Data Tlie laboratory results for the Salt River are presented in table St-7 (p. 718). Selected data on the main stream and on tributaries are shown in table St-5. The coliform, dissolved oxygen and oxygen demand results are shown graphically on the spot symbol maps in figures Ky-3, Ky-4, and Ky-5 (p. 676), respectively. These represent averages of from one to three samples taken over short periods and represent the most unfavorable picture from a series of several such observations at the mouth. Table St-5.—/ -Salt River Basin: Selected laboratory data River Location River miles above mouth of Salt River. Period, 1940 Salt Above Harrods- burg 123.5 August Salt Above Law- renceburg 92 August Salt Below Taylors- ville 56 July- August Salt Below Shep- herds- ville 22.5 July- August Salt Above Mill Creek 6 October Salt At Mouth 0.1 August Town Branch Below Bridge Harrods- burg 122 August Number of samples 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days. (») (•) 15 15 23 246 1 0.4 Water temperature °C 24.3 23.7 30.00 27.7 15.5 27.7 23.5 Coliforms per milliliter 3 10 161 SS 0) 845 45,000 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million. 6.6 4.3 7.5 9.9 4.0 3.5 0.0 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 3.6 2.8 5.6 3.1 3.4 2.0 19.0 River Ham- Rolling Rolling Road Beech nardins Mill mond Fork Fork Run Fork Creek Creek Creek Location. Below At Leba- At Boston Below Below Below Below Law- nonWater- Spring- Bards- Leba- Fort rcnceburg works field 2 town 3 non 2 Knox River miles above: 73.5 16.5 12 21 5 Mouth of Salt River 95 87.5 30.5 80 52 78.5 n Period, 1940 August August August August August August August Number of samples .. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days .. f>) 2 87 0) 25 (') 1 16 Water temperature °C _ _ 21.3 22.0 24.0 25.5 23.8 20.7 24.5 Coliforms per milliliter 365 43 14 58,600 422 10, 900 151 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million . . . ..... 2.6 5.0 6.3 0 5.8 2.6 2.8 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5- day, parts per million 7.9 1.6 1.9 104.0 2.2 13.0 9.0 1 Less than 1 cubic foot per second. 2 Miles above confluence with Beech Fork. 3 Miles above confluence with Rolling Fork. 716 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL All observations in the Salt River Basin, except at the month, were made by a mobile laboratory unit during July and August 1940. Additional samples at the mouth and in the vicinity of Fort Knox were taken by a mobile unit in August and October of 1940 and February of 1941. At the time of this survey, there were practically no dis- tillery wastes entering the streams, and stream flows were quite low. From these laboratory data, it appears that the Salt River or its major tributaries are not seriously polluted except immediately below the larger sources of pollution. Lawrenceburg, IJarrodsburg, Taylors- ville, and Shclbyville appear to be the worst points affecting the main stem. Springfield, Lebanon, and Bardstown on Beech Fork and its tribu- taries show bad local conditions below the towns. The Bardstown outfall sewer permits the discharged wastes to spread over the ground so that considerable recovery in dissolved oxygen and coliform re- duction is probably achieved before the stream is reached. High average coliform count of over 800 per milliliter and an aver- age dissolved oxygen content of about three parts per million was found at the mouth of Salt River in August 1940. The effect of Fort Knox sewage is shown by the results at the mouth of Mill Creek. The Salt River and its main tributaries seem to recover rather quickly from the pollutional loads placed upon them. The data show generally good coliform counts of 25 per milliliter or less above most towns on the larger streams, in contrast with fairly high counts below the towns next upstream. The dissolved oxygen generally is good with average values of 5 parts per million or more except imme- diately below sources of pollution. The average 5-day biochemical oxygen demand is generally less than 3 parts per million at the above stations and represents a considerable improvement over the values below the next upstream town. Hydrometric Data The only discharge record available in the basin prior to the begin- ning of this survey was on Beech Fork at Fredericktown, drainage area 530 square miles (11 miles above Bardstown), where a station was maintained from October 1930 to March 1932. During the first part of the record, zero flow prevailed and during the summer of 1931 the flow was less than 5 cubic feet per second for a considerable period. During 1940 and 1941 two stream-gaging stations have been main- tained in connection with this survey, one on the Salt River at Shep- herdsville (drainage area, 1,210 square miles) and one on Rolling Fork at Boston (drainage area, 1,300 square miles). During October 1940 the flow at Shepherdsville averaged 0.4 cubic feet per second and at Boston 16.0 cubic feet per second. As it is very brief, the entire record is presented on table St-6. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 717 Table St-6.—Salt River Basin: Monthly mean flows at gaging stations for years of record Salt Shepberds- ville Rolling Fork At Boston 18 31 1,300 Beech Fork At Fred- ericktown 35 65 530 River miles above— Mouth of Salt River Drainage area (square miles). 25 1,210 1940 1940 1930 July - - 275 496 do 72 79 do 28 40 October-. do .4 16 0 November. 34 168 . 1 December.. - 409 719 3.2 Year 1941 1941 1931 January 1,233 1,088 114 February 323 335 2,360 March.. _ 304 33!) 4, 820 4,820 325 920 do 510 do . . 2,090 do 2,360 do___ 2, 730 4, 300 15 300 1932 17,900 do 6, 280 March 13,100 Discussion Sewage pollution in the Salt Basin is not a serious problem. Bards- town is the only urban community without a sewage-treatment plant, but local nuisances still exist at a few places. Three smaller com- munities and three small institutions either have no plants or very inadequate ones. At Ilarrodsburg the primary sewage-treatment plant appears inadequate. Enlargement and addition of secondary treatment devices are indicated. At the smaller places secondary treatment may be needed to prevent local nuisances. The milk plants can all be connected to municipal treatment plants. The distilleries, however, are not readily accessible to city sewers, or discharge such large quantities of wastes that connection to municipal treatment plants is infeasible. Treatment facilities at a few of the distilleries are adequate at present, but at most of them some additional corrective measures appear justified. These would include evaporation of all objectionable wastes at the larger plants and improved broad irrigation at smaller plants. Disposal of slop to farmers and to cattle feed may be satisfactory at small plants and at normal times, but supplementary broad irrigation is needed for han- dling dilute wastes and emergency discharges. Broad irrigation must be located in rural areas and be carefully done to be reasonably effective. Ponding has not proved satisfactory even at small dis- tilleries because of inadequate design and resulting overflows and breaks in dams, especially at times of heavy rains, and also because of the local nuisance created. The estimated cost of these suggested remedial measures is sum- marized in table St-1. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL / Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature °C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable, number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Salt River, above Harrodsburg, Ky_. Do St 123.5 Aug. Aug. 13.1940 16.1940 (') (') (') 1 25.0 27.0 8.3 5.6 5.3 2 1 110 102 110 224 94 69^6 2 7.7 7.7 7.3 20 10 20 Do Aug. Aug. 20.1940 13.1940 21 0 5 8 64 1 3.4 15.0 Town Branch, 100 yards below sewer plant, Harrodsburg, Ky. StTb 122 25.0 0 0 46,000 210 Do Aug. 16.1940 20.1940 13.1940 16.1940 20.1940 13.1940 1 25. 5 0 0 19.0 25.6 3.2 2.2 3.0 11.8 43. 000 43,000 7.3 7.3 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.5 20 25 30 25 25 50 234 226 138 124 124 228 Do 1 21.0 0 4 5 0 53.7 70 0 Salt River, above Lawrenceburg, Ky Do St 92 Aug. Aug. Aug. Aug. 2 25 5 114 2 25. 0 5.9 Do 1 20 5 2 5 27.5 23.0 24 910 Hammonds Creek, below Lawrence- StH 95 (') 23.0 2.0 214 burg, Ky. Do Aug. Aug. July 16.1940 (’) 0) 12 23 0 2 3 26.8 5.6 6.3 3.3 91 93 4 55 35 30 240 224 137 Do 20.1940 29.1940 18.0 30.0 3.6 4.9 37.7 63.8 7. 4 8. 2 Salt River, above waterworks, Tay- St 58... lorsville, Ky. Do July Aug. July 31.1940 2,1940 29.1940 5 31 0 7. 5 99 6 6.0 3.8 8.5 7.8 8.1 7.6 45 75 45 120 128 113 Do 4 28.5 30.0 7.1 2.6 90.6 34.3 43 4 128 Clear Creek waterworks intake, above StBC 89.5 o Shelbyville, Ky. Do July Aug. July 31.1940 2,1940 29.1940 c) o (o 26.0 26.0 30.0 2.7 5.7 0 34.0 69.6 0 11.4 46 7.5 7.5 7.3 40 35 5 152 120 123 Do 128 Clear Creek, disposal plant, Shelby- StBC 84... ili 36 ville, Ky, below. Do July Aug. July 31.1940 2,1940 29.1940 o « 12 28 0 7.1 3.9 8.7 90.2 45. 5 114.5 8.8 6.6 7.1 7.7 7.5 7.8 50 10 70 124 144 151 Do 24.0 30.0 140 Brashears Creek, mouth, Taylors- StB 58.5 11,000 ville, Ky. Do... do_ July Aug. July 31.1940 2,1940 29.1940 7 30 0 4.7 61.1 59.3 107.9 8.4 11.0 4.9 91 240 240 7.6 7.7 8.0 65 65 50 148 160 132 Do . 4 28.0 32.0 4.7 8.0 168 Salt River, lj4 miles below Taylors- ville, Ky. St 56 24 Do do___ .. July Aug. July 31.1940 2,1940 30.1940 12 30. 5 6.9 7.6 4.6 91 3 4.8 7.2 4.4 150 93 36 7.7 65 144 Do 8 6 27.5 29.0 94.9 59.2 148 Floyds Creek, mouth, near Shep- StFf 28,5... 7.7 50 148 herdsville, Ky. Do do Aug. Aug. 1.1940 5.1940 4 27 0 4 7 58.2 73.6 6.0 3.6 93 43 7.7 7.8 55 50 150 152 Do 2 27.0 5.9 180 Table St-7.—Salt River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 719 Salt River, waterworks intake, above Shepherdsville, Ky. St 25.5 July 30,1940 24 30.0 9.8 129.1 2.9 9 7.7 10 112 Do . ... Aug. 1,1940 Aug. 5,1940 July 30,1940 15 29.0 11.2 144.5 3.4 9 8.0* 10 108 Do do 5 28.0 8.8 111.7 2.4 46 7.7 20 116 116 Salt River, J4 mile below Shepherds- ville, Ky. St 22.5 24 31.0 12.1 161.4 3.8 15 8.4 10 120 Do Aug. 1,1940 Aug. 5,1940 Aug. 14,1940 15 26.0 9.4 114.7 3.2 240 7.8 30 106 Do - ... do. 5 26.0 8. 1 98.3 2.3 9 7.6 15 112 130 Rolling Fork, Lebanon waterworks, Calvary, Ky. StRf 87.5... 2 25.0 4.2 50.6 1.9 46 7.5 120 94 94 35 102 Do Aug. 19,1940 Aug. 21,1940 Aug. 12,1940 2 21.0 5.7 63.4 .4 36 7.8 Do 1 20.0 4.9 53.4 2.6 46 7.7 45 104 Rolling Fork, 1 mile below New Haven, Ky. StRf 45.5 50 27.5 6.1 76.1 1.6 43 7.7 70 118 116 Do Aug. 15,1940 Aug. 22,1940 Aug. 13,1940 18 23.5 5.9 68.7 1.4 2,400 23 7.5 50 108 Do 8 17.0 6.7 69.2 .8 7.6 35 120 StRfBfC 80. _ (»> 26.5 0 0 119 110,000 7.2 200 172 142 Springfield, Ky. Do Aug. 16,1940 Aug. 20,1940 Aug. 13,1940 0) (') 2 29.0 0 0 80.6 43,000 7.3 100 188 Do 21.0 0 0 112 23,000 46 7.2 120 212 Cartwrights Creek bridge, Route No. 68, Springfield, Ky. StRfBfC 75 26.5 10.3 126.5 6.5 8.4 110 100 98 (0 (>) 10 8.4 Do Aug. 16,1940 Aug. 20,1940 Aug. 13,1940 30.0 10.9 142.6 3.6 9 45 100 Do 22.5 8.6 98.4 6.1 4 8.1 45 114 Beech Fork, bridge, Route No. 68, Frederickstown, Ky. StRfBfC 68.. 27.0 7.2 89.0 4.4 9 8.2 65 124 110 Do do Aug. 16,1940 Aug. 20,1940 Aug. 14,1940 5 30.0 6.7 87.7 1.9 9 7.8 65 120 Do 4 23.0 6.1 70.3 1.2 46 7.7 85 120 Hardings Creek, below Lebanon, Ky. StRfBfH 78.5 (>) 24.5 4.8 56.2 9.8 4,600 7.7 30 234 188 Do . do Aug. 19,1940 Aug. 21,1940 Aug. 13,1940 Aug. 16,1940 Aug. 20,1940 Aug. 12,1940 (*) (>) (•) (•) (>) 55 20.0 0 0 17.8 24,000 7.4 20 294 Do 17.5 3.1 32.2 11.3 4,300 7.7 10 294 Mill Creek, 4 miles east of Bardstown, Ky. Do StRfBfM 60 26.5 9.7 118.8 2.2 46 8.4 15 134 142 31.0 9.8 130. 6 2.0 23 8.3 10 144 Do 23.5 9.6 11.9 1. 5 9 8.4 5 152 BeechFork, 1 mile from Bardstown, Route No. 31 east. StRfBf 52 27.5 6.7 84.2 3.3 15 7.9 105 120 124 Do do Aug. 15,1940 Aug. 22,1940 Aug. 12,1940 15 25.5 5.6 67.7 2.0 150 7.7 60 130 Do 6 18.5 4.9 52 2 1.4 1,100 7.6 110 134 Rolling Fork, below Beech Fork, Boston, Ky. StRf 30.5 171 27.5 6.2 77.1 3.5 8 7.7 90 120 116 Do Aug. 15,1940 Aug. 22,1940 Oct. 25.1940 63 24.5 6.0 70.8 1.4 24 7.5 45 124 Do do 28 20.0 6.8 74.3 .7 9 7.6 25 136 St 6.0 15.5 3.9 38.8 2.3 (•) 1 7.5 20 153 Do Oct. 26,1940 Aug. 1,1940 Aug. 5,1940 15.5 4.0 40.0 4.6 7.6 180 150 StM 11.0 1 24.0 3.8 45.1 1.9 120 7.7 40 210 Do do 2 24.0 1.8 21.1 17.8 93 7.7 35 264 220 Do Aug. 6,1940 1 25.5 2.9 34.9 7.4 240 7.7 40 258 i Less than 1. 90035—44—pt. 2 37 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table St-7.—Salt River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent of satura- tion StP 1.0 Aug. 6,1940 28.5 8.4 107.5 3.1 460 7.8 22 173 Do ' do Aug. 8,1940 28.5 5.1 65.6 2.6 1,100 7.7 44 164 128 Do do. Aug. 12.1940 27.5 8.7 108.8 3.6 9 7.8 23 160 Do do Oct. 19,1940 16.0 8.8 88.7 2.9 43 7.7 18 85 StP 1 Oct. 21,1940 15. 5 8.0 80.1 2.2 110 7.5 15 71 Do do Oct. 22,1940 14. 5 8.5 83. 1 2.7 43 7.6 30 70 Do do Oct. 23| 1940 15.5 8.0 80.1 2.8 23 7.6 20 68 Do do Oct. 24,1940 15. 5 9.4 93. 5 2.5 9 7.7 20 77 119 Do do Feb. 6,1941 3.5 11.8 88.7 2.1 4 7.6 51 118 Do do Feb. 7,1941 2.0 11.8 85.1 2.6 4 7.7 40 120 130 Do do Feb. 8.1941 0 12.5 85.4 4.3 15 7.6 410 129 Do do Feb. 10,1941 0 12.7 87.0 1.3 46 7.8 12 148 Do do Feb. 11,1941 0 12.7 86.7 1.0 1 7.7 15 160 St 0.1 Aug. 6,1940 99 28. 5 3.7 47.6 2.3 . 2,400 7.5 23 130 Do ' . do Aug. 8,1940 421 28.5 3.9 49.9 1.2 43 7. 6 65 140 124 Do .. do Aug. 12,1940 215 26.0 2.9 35.8 2.6 93 7. 5 93 98 Do do Oct. 19,1940 22 17.0 8.6 88.2 2.1 15 7.7 18 74 Do do Oct. 21,1940 22 15. 5 8.2 81.4 2.0 24 7. 5 15 71 Do do Oct. 22,1940 22 15.0 8.5 83. 5 2.2 43 7. 5 18 63 Do do Oct. 23,1940 21 15. 5 7.8 77.4 2.2 46 7. 5 18 62 Do do Oct. 24,1940 24 16.0 8.7 87.2 2.2 9 7.7 18 67 114 Do .. do Feb. 6, 1941 949 4.0 12.7 96.9 1. 1 39 7.7 18 1 163 Do . ... do Feb. 7,1941 821 2.0 12.6 90.8 1.0 9 7.8 15 170 186 Do do Feb. 8,1941 800 1. 5 12.4 88.4 1. 1 9 7.8 15 170 Do do Feb. 10,1941 614 2.5 12.7 93.2 1.2 9 7.8 10 174 Do _ ...do Feb. 11,1941 573 1.0 12.9 90.6 1.0 93 7.7 12 175 WABASH RIVER BASIN 721 CONTENTS Page Contents 723 Syllabus and conclusions 725 Description 726 Presentation of field data 727 Presentation of laboratory data 731 Hydrometric data 734 Discussion 737 LIST OF TABLES W-l. Cost estimates of remedial measures 726 W-2. Surface water supplies 728 W-3. Sources of pollution 729 W-4. Industrial wastes : 730 W-5. Selected laboratory data 732 W-6. Monthly mean summer flows 734 W-7. Summary of laboratory data 740 LIST OF FIGURES W-l. Map—Sources of pollution 725 W-2a. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data (lower Wabash) T 730 W-2b. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data (upper Wabash) 730 W-2c. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data (West Fork White) - 730 W-2d, Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data (East Fork White) 730 W-3. Map—Coliform results 732 W-4. Map—Dissolved oxygen results 732 W-5. Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results 732 W-6. Chart—Summer low-flow frequency curve 736 723 LEGEND Areas of Circles Proportional to Population Equivalent of Wastes rfeVrweet | 0,*ch,,»,,‘ RoOil Population Equivalent sooooo —40 0 0 0 0 500000 to000 0 1 0 0 000 5 0 000 15 000 10000 = - - »m W 1 (Face p. 725) 6P043 0 -90035 FIG. W-l WABASH BASIN SOURCES OF POLLUTION 20 ""sCA^^OFMIlFP FIG. W-l OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 WABASH RIVER BASIN Syllabus and Conclusions The Wabash River drains 33,100 square miles, almost one-sixth of the entire Ohio Basin. A little less than half of the 2,500,000 people the basin are in urban communities. Indianapolis (386,972) and Terre Haute (62,693) are the largest cities. Agriculture is the Predominant occupation and the principal industries are concerned with the processing of agricultural products. Coal, oil, and lime- stone are important mineral products. Progress has been made toward the abatement of pollution and the sewage of almost three-quarters of the sewered population receives treatment. In spite of substantial progress toward the abatement °f industrial pollution, these wastes cause the most serious problems at Present. SYLLABUS CONCLUSIONS (1) Forty-six of the 275 public water supplies in the basin are from surface sources. Thirty of these, serving 687,000 people, are from streams subject to pollution. (2) About 1,120,000 persons are connected to sewers. The sewage 73 percent receives treatment. Industrial wastes have a popula- tlon equivalent of 1,772,000, of which 547,500 is discharged to munici- Pal treatment plants. (3) Laboratory studies indicate that the worst pollution problems on the Wabash below Terre Haute, the West Fork of the White Fiver below Indianapolis and the lower Muscatatuck River. In ad- dition, many smaller streams are grossly polluted. (4) The llargest cities discharging untreated sewage are on the V abash River. Partial treatment should be sufficient to maintain satisfactory conditions below Terre Haute and at other places on the W abash from Logansport to the mouth. (5) Secondary treatment will be required at most of the other communities such as Bedford, Columbus, and Shelbyville. Additional treatment facilities and interceptors are needed at Indianapolis and uuprovements or additions to existing plants are indicated for Dan- vdle, 111., Franklin and Tipton, Ind. and other places. (6) Canneries are the principal waste-producing industries. Most °f these will require relatively complete treatment. (7) Low-flow augmentation by proposed flood-control reservoirs on Raccoon Creek and on the Embarrass River would be of minor value 111 abating pollution at Terre Haute and Lawrenceville, respectively. A summary of cost estimates of remedial measures from table W'-l follows: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Existing $16,640,000 14, 520,000 suggested additional '** l’ 655,000 726 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Estimated additional costs over existing charges of programs in- volving uniform treatment throughout the basin are: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Primary, all places $11,050,000 15,720,000 $1,285,000 1,815,000 Secondary, all places Table W-l.—Wabash River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested minimum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion connected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Pri- mary Second- ary Amortiza- tion and interest Operation and main- tenance Total Existing sewage treatment 10 74 822,000 $16, 640,000 $1,020,000 $580,000 $1,600,000 Suggested minimum correc- tion: Sewage-treatment plants... Required interceptors 30 132 292, 600 8,870,000 3,960,000 1,690,000 625,000 185,000 220,000 375,000 1,000,000 185,000 470,000 Independent industrial waste correction 250,000 Total 14, 520,000 11,050,000 15,720,000 14, 520,000 1,030,000 785,000 1,115,000 1,030,000 625,000 500,000 700,000 625,000 1,655,000 1,285,000 1,815,000 1,655,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment, all waste Secondary treatment, all waste As suggested Description The Wabash River drains 33,100 square miles in Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. Almost three-quarters of the area is in Indiana, about one-quarter in Illinois, and less than 1 percent in Ohio. The northern and central parts of the area are flat or gently rolling but in the southern portion the land is quite hilly. The principal tributaries of the Wabash are: Tributary Distance above mouth of Wabash Drainage area square miles Tributary Distance above mouth of Wabash Drainage area square miles Little Wabash River, 15 3,380 Sugar Creek 245 840 05 850 257 1, 520 96 11, 290 317 '800 East Fork 147 680 Tippecanoe River 322 1,920 147 5,430 354 850 Embarrass River 122 2, 350 Mississinewa River 375 890 The following tabulation of the population of some of the larger cities and of the entire basin shows the steady growth of most of the cities and the slow decrease in rural population until 1930. During the past 10 years the urban growth has been much slower and rural population has increased. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 727 Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Larger cities: 233, 560 58,157 24,005 22,476 20, 666 27,871 17,010 20,081 19, 359 8,838 19,050 14,895 9,446 11,456 314,194 66,083 36, 524 29, 767 26,117 33, 776 30,067 22,486 23, 747 11, 595 21,626 17,160 14, 458 13, 552 364,161 62, 810 46, 548 39, 804 33,408 36, 765 32,843 26, 240 24,496 18,227 18, 508 17,564 14, 027 14,631 386,972 62,693 49, 720 41, 572 37,366 36, 919 33, 795 28, 798 26, 767 20, 870 20,177 18,228 16,620 15,827 Entire basin: 1,419, 832 811,935 1,311,126 1,006,267 1,254,967 1,117, 322 1, 310,468 1,198,130 Total 2,231, 767 2, 317,393 2, 372,289 2, 508, 598 The Wabash Basin is primarily an agricultural area and the prin- cipal industries are engaged in processing agricultural products (can- neries, milk-processing plants, meat-packing plants, strawboard mills). There are an increasing number of machinery and metal products plants in the northern half of the basin. Coal is mined in the western part of the area in both Indiana and Illinois but production has been decreasing for some time. There are active oil fields in southern Illinois and in southwestern Indiana. The limestone quarries in the neighborhood of Bedford, Ind., furnish most of the fine-grained building and ornamental limestone in the country. Water uses.—The Wabash River and its tributaries are not navi- gable for boats and barges of the size commonly used on the Ohio and its navigable tributaries. There are four hydroelectric power developments in the basin with an aggregate capacity of about 21,000 kilowatts. The two largest ones are on the Tippecanoe River, one near the mouth and the other a short distance above Monticello. The other developments, on the East Fork of White River at Williams and on the West Fork of White River at Noblesville, have capacities of about 3,200 and 500 kilowatts respectively. There are four known potential power sites, all of which would have small capacities totaling about 15,000 kilowatts. The natural lakes in the northern part of the basin are used exten- sively for recreation as are the artificial lakes, particularly those at the power dams on the Tippecanoe River. There has been little commercial recreational development along the streams although they are used by local residents for fishing and swimming. There is some commercial fishing along the Wabash below New Harmony. Presentation of Field Data Figure W-l shows the location and magnitude of each source of pollution of consequence in the basin. Figures W-2a, W-2b, W-2c, and W-2d show similar data for four sections of the basin and, in addition, the location of water supply intakes from polluted streams and laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. The pollution loadings shown represent the total of all sewage and industrial wastes in given communities. 728 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Public water supplies.—Only 46 of the 275 public water supplies in the basin are taken from surface sources, but these serve more than 750,000 of the 1,300,000 served by all of the supplies. The under- ground water is generally hard and often contains objectionable amounts of iron but is usually of good enough quality to make it cheaper to use than surface water. Underground water is not gen- erally available in large enough quantities to satisfy the needs of the larger cities. Thirty of the surface-water supplies serving 687,500 people are from streams subject to pollution. Table W-2 shows data on these supplies. The Indianapolis supply, taken largely from the West Fork of White River, has until recently been polluted by untreated sewage from Muncie, Anderson, Elwood and a number of smaller towns. The recently installed sewage treatment plants at the three larger cities should do much to improve the quality of the raw water at Indianapolis. Princeton, Ind., is being forced to abandon its surface water supply from Patoka River on account of gross pollution by oil-field brines and acid mine drainage. Supply State Source Mile i Treat- ment 5 Popula- tion served Con- sump- tion, million gallons per day Supplies below community sewer outfalls Illinois Wabash River 95 FD 7,200 1.00 Vincennes do 128. 2 FD 15,000 1. 44 Terre Haute. .do ... . 215 FD 55,800 5.00 Carmi Illinois Little Wabash River . 43 FD 3,400 .20 90 FD 2,800 .31 Flora.. _ ___do do 148 FD 4,000 .35 Louisville ...do do . 160 FD 400 .03 Effiingham. ...do Little Wabash River, 196 FD 5,000 1.00 impounded. Mattoon ...do. Little Wabash (im- 226 LD 16,000 1.50 pounded), wells. Princeton Indiana... Patoka River 111 LD 7,700 .90 144 FD 1,100 .07 Hazelton 113 None 300 .01 143 FD 3,000 .44 Bedford ...do East Fork White River 241 FD 13,000 1.00 Mitchell 250 FD 2,400 .20 Seymour do 315 FD 8,000 .82 Columbus do 338 FD 6,000 2.20 215 FD 2,400 .24 Austin.. ___do Muscatatuck River. . 305 FD 1.500 2.00 North Vernon .. .do North Fork Vernon 340 FD 3,200 .51 Fork. Washington 161 FD 8,800 1.00 White River. Indianapolis. __do. West Fork White 340 FD A_. 375,000 33.00 River, Fall Creek, wells. Anderson.. 390 FD 38,000 4.80 River. Muncie 412 FD 43,000 3.80 River, wells. 367 FD 2,000 .60 Newton. . . 188. 5 FD 2,300 .24 Charleston 235 FD 8,000 1.70 Danville 278 FD 32,000 4.34 lion River. 355 FD 19,000 3.25 Montpelier Salamonie River 437.5 FD 1,200 .07 Total: 30 below sewer outfalls 687, 500 72.02 16 other surface supplies 65.100 5. 37 Total surface water supplies 752,600 77.39' i Miles above mouth of Wabash River. 2 F=coagulated, settled, filtered: L=lime-soda softened; D —chlorinated. * 2 filter plants, one with slow sand filters. Table W-2.—Wabash River Basin: Surface water supplies OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 729 Sewerage.—Table W-3 shows the sewered population at some of the larger sources of pollution. About 73 percent of the sewered population of 1,119,700 is served by the 85 treatment plants in the basin. Secondary treatment predominates. The sewage from only 39,100 receives primary treatment, while that from 782,900 receives secondary treatment. Table W-3.—Wabash River Basin: Sources of 'pollution, including industrial wastes, expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Municipality State Receiving stream Miles above mouth of Popula- tion connect- ed to sewers Treatment Sewered popula- tion equivalent (biochemical oxy- gen demand) .* Wabash River Untreat- ed Dis- charged Wabash River 95 6,000 None 65,000 168,400 65,000 Indiana. 127 14,500 26,000 do 168,400 do. 215 do 373,400 373,400 Clinton ...do ... do 232 6,000 do 8,500 8,500 Attica ...do. do 287 2,500 do 5,500 5,500 West Lafayette ...do do 312 13,000 do 13,000 13,000 Lafayette ___do do. 312 26,000 do 32,400 32, 400 Logansport ___do do.. 353 16,000 do J 9, 700 19,700 Wabash __ . ___do ... do 388 6,500 do 19, 500 19,500 Seymour ...do East Fork White Riv- 315 6,000 do 16,400 16,400 Columbus ___do do 338 9,000 do 32,600 32,600 Blue River.. 353 2,000 Secondary. 17,000 15,300 Shelbyville. - ...do Blue River, Lewis Creek. 373 7,000 None 40,400 40,400 399 300 do 92,800 92,800 Knightstown _._do do... 405 1,700 do 4,000 4,000 Martinsville ...do West Fork White River. 290 3,200 do 8,700 8,700 do.. 332 370,000 3,900 37.500 Secondary. 706,600 179, 600 do 302 None. 4,000 4,000 ...do do 387 Secondary. 45, 500 4,600 400 40,000 2,000 28,000 ... .do. ... 46,000 10.700 Illinois.. 131 None. . .. 15,000 34, 200 15,000 275 Chemical. 9,800 North Manchester. South Whitley Indiana. ...do ... 400 3,100 900 None. 3,900 5,400 3,900 5,400 do. --- 413 do ...do Mississinewa River 408 19. 500 Secondary. 53,000 5,300 415 3,000 5,300 None 4,800 4,800 Portland ...do Salamonie River 405 do 5,400 5,400 Mattoon L Illinois.. Little Wabash River- Kickapoo Creek- Riley Creek. 227 14,500 Secondary. 17,300 10,800 180 3,000 4,000 2,200 None 3,700 4,000 13,200 3,700 4,000 180 do French Lick-West Baden. ...do Lost River. 215 do 13,200 240 11,300 do 11,300 100,300 11,300 Austin ...do. .. Ditch to Museatatuek River. 305 300 do 100, 300 309 2,000 300 Primary 45,000 23,100 8,600 18, 700 44,300 23,100 8,600 18, 700 Brow ns town ...do Ditch to East Fork White River. 300 374 None. 409 400 None 300 4,000 Secondary. 41,000 16, 700 Washington ...do Hawkins Creek 103 185 6,500 None 12, 700 33,000 12, 700 33,000 324 1,500 4,000 None 19, 500 19,500 10, 000 Tipton . .do Cicero Creek 385 Secondary. 18,500 385 8,500 3,400 3,000 200 do 61,300 11, 700 395 N one 25,900 7,000 7, 700 25,900 170 Secondary. None 4,500 7,700 Ditch to Sugar Creek.. West Branch Salt Fork. 319 Champaign Illinois.. 332 43,000 Secondary.. 43,000 4,400 317 1,200 None 5,300 5,300 Klondike. ...do Indian Creek.. 310 367 do 6,000 7,500 32,800 6,000 7,500 371 31,500 3,000 Secondary. Primary 6,000 Rochester.. 1 Part of sewage tr 3 Plant not in opei eated. ration at tl Mill Creek me of laboratory survey. 410 9,500 6,300 730 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table W-3.—Wabash River Basin: Sources of pollution, including industrial wastes, expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen de- mand)—Continued Municipality State Receiving stream Miles above mouth of Popula- tion connect- ed to sewers Treatment Sewered popula- tion equivalent (biochemical oxy- gen demand) Wabash River Untreat- ed Dis- charged 442 5,900 4,000 7,400 8,500 12,000 7,400 8,500 12,000 211,100 Columbia City ___do Blue River... . ... ._ 426 do ...do Ditch to Barren Creek. 423 303,100 446,800 Total: Illinois 164,000 949,300 6,400 253, 500 2, 608, 500 29,700 133,700 1,681,800 3,400 Ohio Total entire basin 1,119, 700 2,891, 700 1,818,900 Industrial wastes.—This type of pollution exceeds that from domes- tic sewage. Two hundred and fifty industrial plants, not connected to municipal treatment plants, discharge wastes with a sewered popu- lation equivalent of 1,224,500. About half of these plants are can- neries. The canneries and the 12 paper plants (predominantly straw-board or straw-paper plants) account for about 80 percent of the industrial waste load not discharged to municipal treatment plants. Table W-4 summarizes data on industrial wastes by type of industry. Most of the industries make some attempt to reduce pollution but in the majority of instances additional treatment or recovery is needed. Table W—4.—Wabash River Basin: Summary of industrial wastes not discharging to municipal treatment plants, with total of entire industrial waste load in the basin Industry Number of plants Industr disf Munic- ipal sewers al waste osal Private outlet At least minor corrective measures taken Estimated sewered population equivalent biochem- ical oxygen demand Breweries 3 2 1 3 42, 000 Canneries - 123 26 97 121 530, 000 Distilleries 2 2 2 121,000 Meat 31 6 25 30 36,100 Milk . 45 25 20 34 11,900 Oil refineries 2 2 2 17, 000 Paper. 12 3 9 11 444, 300 Steel. 4 4 2 Textiles... 3 2 1 8,200 Miscellaneous 25 15 10 12 14,000 Waste unconnected municipal treatment 250 81 169 217 1, 224, 500 547, 500 1, 772, 000 By States: 89, 500 1, 659, 200 Ohio - 23,300 Fig. W- 2o ro -P at co O O o o o o o SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUI VALENT(B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS B ro ® O o o ° o o ° SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS LEGEND rlndlcotot Pollution romovod by Trtotmon* Wotor Supply Intoko LOWER WABASH RIVER SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND SELECTED LABORATORY DATA OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 (Face p.730) No. 1 BPO-43 0 - 90035 FI 6. W - 2 b _ M * 0» ® O o Q o O P SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.OD.) IN THOUSANDS N * <7> OD o O O O p p O SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS FIGURE W -2b UPPER WABASH RIVER SOURCES OF POLLUTION AMO SELECTED LABORATORY DATA Reduction by Treatment L £ * a> O o o o o o o SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT (B.O.D.) IN THOUSANDS LEGEND rlndicotii Pollution rtntovtd or Treatment Wotor Supply Intake FIG w — 2 d EAST FORK WHITE RIVER SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND SELECTED LABORATORY DATA OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U S.PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 19 41 (Face p.730) No. 4 6PO-43 0-90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 731 No differentiation has been made in the tables, maps, or charts between wastes which are discharged only seasonally and those which are discharged throughout the year. The pollution loadings shown represent conditions at the time of maximum seasonal opera- tions. In the case of the canning industry this may occur only during a few weeks in the year but these few weeks are often during the late summer when the effects of organic pollution on the oxygen balance of the streams are most serious. Acid mine drainage.—Mine waste has caused the greatest damage in the area drained by Patoka River. Prior to the inauguration of the mine-sealing program, about 110,000 tons of acid were discharged throughout the basin each year. The mine-sealing program has re- duced this to about 63,000 tons per year. Alany of the mines in this area are strip mines. These have been sealed by damming the drainage outlet and flooding the acid-produc- ing strata. A number of the lakes thus formed have been success- fully stocked with fish and add to the recreational resources of the area. Oilfields.—Wastes from oil fields do not at present cause a major pollution problem. Production in the older fields in both Illinois and Indiana is so small that even with relatively high brine-oil ratios the brine causes no particular problem in the larger streams. New activity in the old fields in Indiana has seriously affected the Patoka River and Princeton, Ind., is being forced to abandon its water supply from that stream. The new fields in both States have been developed since 1937 and new drilling is going on continuously. Most of the production is in the area drained by the Little Wabash River but there is considerable activity in fields near the Wabash and drained directly by it or by small tributaries. Brine production is small at present and none of the water supplies from the Little Wabash has as yet been damaged. The State Health Department °f Illinois is taking steps to prevent the development of a serions problem. Where brine production is small, ponding with subsequent release during high water is practiced. Where there are appreciable quantities of brine it is being reinjected into subsurface formations which are unsuitable for use as sources of potable water. Presentation of Laboratory Data Laboratory results indicate that the major pollution problem in the basin is in the stretch of about 60 miles of the Wabash below Terre Haute. Poor sanitary conditions were also'observed along the upper Wabash from Fort Recovery to below Bluff ton, along the White River below Indianapolis, and along the Muscatatuck River. More or less localized pollution problems were found at Hartford City, Portland, Gas City, Columbia City, Warsaw, Kokomo, Frankfort, Rantoul, Danville, Mattoon, Flora, Albion, Muncie, Elwood, Franklin, and West Baden, with the worst conditions below Warsaw, Portland, Muncie, Hartford City, and West Baden. In general, the White River was found to be more heavily polluted than the Wabash but natural purification was more rapid along the White than alone; the Wabasli. Summaries of laboratory results are shown in table W-7 (p.740). Selected data appear in table W-5. The observations in this basin 732 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL were carried out by mobile laboratory units during the period July- November 1940, and during February 1941. From 1 to 12 samples were collected at each sampling point. Figures W-3, W-4, and W-5 show graphically the coliform, dissolved oxygen, and oxygen demand results, respectively. The data thus shown represent the average of all samples where observations were made for a period of less than 1 month. Where observations extended over several months the re- sults shown are the most unfavorable monthly averages. Table W-5.—Wabash River Basin: Selected Laboratory data River... Wabash Wabash Wabash W abash Wabash Wabash Wabash Above Below Above Below Above Below Above Fort Re- Fort Re- Logans- Logans- Lafay- Lafay- Terre co very, covery, port port ette ette Haute Ohio Ohio River miles above mouth of 479 478 357 354 313.5 303 215 Wabash. August August Septem- Septem- October October Septem- ber- ber- ber- October October October 1 3 5 5 4 4 5 Flow in cubic feet per second: 185 340 1 0) 1,118 1,144 1,224 970 203 518 Water temperature. 0 C 23.5 23.0 14. l" 15.4 15.8 15.3 16.3 21 20,000 37 354 128 1,330 60 Dissolved * oxygen, parts per 10.5 9.3 9.7 5.1 0.2 7.7 8.3 Biochemical oxygen demand, 17.4 7.1 3.9 4.2 3.3 2.3 3.2 Wabash Wabash Wabash Wabash Wabash Wabash Wabash Above Below Above Below Above Below At Terre Terre Vin- Vin- Mount Mount mouth Haute Haute cennes cennes Carmel Carmel River miles above mouth of 210 199 152 126 97 93 0.5 Wabash. Septem- ber- Septem- Septem- Septem- Septem- ber Septem- Septem- ber- ber ber ber ber October October 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 Flow in cubic feet per second: 1,600 1,680 1,220 1,230 1, 600 2,680 3,000 1.303 2,330 22.7 15.3 16.8 22.0 22.1 22.7 22.4 34,000 2,400 5 2,160 19 130 2 Dissolved ' oxygen, parts per 8.4 7.0 8.2 3.6 2.6 7.6 8.4 Biochemical oxygen demand, 7.0 4.9 4.7 12.1 5.4 4.5 2.5 Sala- Sala- Littlo Thorn Thorn Walnut Walnut monie monie Lick Creek Creek Creek Creek Creek Above Below Below Above Below Above Below Portland Portland Hartford Colum- Colum- Warsaw Warsaw City bia City bia City River miles above mouth of Wabash. 466 462 437 427 425 444 443 August August August- July- July- July- July- Septem- ber August August August August 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: 0) 22. 5 4 1 7 7 2 5 22.3 22.8 21.7 22.8 26.5 24.3 46 67,300 16, 600 691 46,200 26 283,000 Dissolved oxygen, parts per 4.7 11.1 6.2 0 0 . 5 0 Biochemical oxygen demand, 29.6 2.7 41.9 1.9 2.3 9.8 45.2 »Less than 1. LEGEND Average Coliform Results at Sampling Stations _ . . Most probable Symbol numbtr per ml. ...— Under 25 0 2.- SO 0 -t— 5I-IOO 0 101-200 £ Ovtr 200 (Face p.732) No. 1 GPO-43 0 - 90035 FlGW-3 WABASH BASIN COLIFORM RESULTS 10 0 10 20 SCALE OF MILES FIG.W - 3 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 LEGEND Avaroga Dissolvod Oxygon Rosulto of Sampling Stations Symbol Oissoivad Oxygon p pm 0 0»„ 6 5 (3 — *.i •• •.* (J 3.1 to 9.0 X 0.1 to 3.0 (Face p.732) No. 2 6PO-43 0 -90035 FIG. W-4 WABASH BASIN DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS 10 0 10 20 scale of MILES FIG. W-4 >• uj uj > o a: — 3> mir laI Xw ?X 3 -I -I < — -I Ui ♦ O X • o. ~ o li X X 0*0 X z> o LEGEND Avtrogt BOD. Rttullt at Sampling Station* Symbol p pm (Normal $••*!•») O 0 0 to J O 3 3.1 to 5.0 % Ovor 5.0 (Face p.732) No. 3 GPO -43 0 - 90«3S FIG. W -5 WABASH BASIN BIOCHEMICAL 0XY6EN DEMAND 10 Q [0 20 SCALE OF MILES S- M Old OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U S PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table W-5.—Wabash River Basin: Selected Laboratory data—Continued River - Wildcat Wildcat Prairie Salt Fork Salt Fork Vermil- Vermil- Creek Creek Creek lion lion Location Above Below Below Above Below Above Below Kokomo Kokomo Frank- Rantoul Rantoul Danville Danville fort River miles above mouth of 373 371 349 339 338 277 273 Wabash. Period, 1940 July July October July- July- July- July- August August August August Number of samples 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days- 7 9 3 0) 2 50 32 12.8 Water temperature, ° 0 23.0 23.8 14.8 23.3 23.6 31.3 28.8 Coliforms per milliliter __ 14 4,680 88,100 148 2,340 18 39,400 Dissolved oxygen parts per million 4.3 1.0 2.4 7.6 2.3 7.7 2.7 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 4.6 3.9 22.2 1.4 12.5 2.1 13.4 River... Kickapoo West West West West Duck Youngs Creek Fork- Fork- Fork- Fork- Creek Creek White White White White Location - Below Above Below Above Below Below Below Mattoon Muncie Muncie Indian- Indian- Elwood Franklin apolis apolis River miles above mouth of 244 412 405 349 325 382 364 Wahash. Period, 1940 - August August- August- Septem- Septem- August- Septem- Septem- ber Septem- ber ber ber Septem- ber ber Number of samples 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 1 8 9 69 126 3 2 3.2 58.9 Water temperature. 0 C 22.8 22.7 20.6 18.7 25.8 19.8 17.0 Coliforms per milliliter- 30, 000 55 673, 000 18 23, 200 96,000 28, 300 Dissolved oxygen parts per million .4 8.7 0 8.7 2.9 .8 .2 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million 25.0 2.5 41.2 5.7 9.1 40.3 113 River Muscata- Muscata- Lost Lost Seminary Butler tuck tuck Creek Creek Location Below Above Above Below Below Below Vernon mouth West West Flora Albion * Fork Baden Baden River miles above mouth of Wabash 297 282 217 216 120 81 Period, 1940- October October October October August- August- Septem- Septem- ber ber Number of samples. 3 6 3 3 3 3 *low in cubic feet per second: Sampling days . 5 6 6 7 0) (*) Water temperature. ° C 12.8 15.3 13.7 15.0 19.5 19.0 Coliforms per milliliter 720 1 7 12,500 8, 230 3, 070 Dissolved oxygen parts per million . 0 2.2 5.8 0 2.6 5.2 Biochemicaloxvgen demand, 5-day, parts per million 186.0 4. 4 1. 5 10.0 15.0 18.0 1 Less than 1. Stream flows were generally among the lowest of record during the period covered by this survey. In many instances, on the smaller streams, zero discharges made observations above towns impossible and minimum stages made general sample collections somewhat difficult. Average coliform densities in excess of 400 per milliliter were ob- served in the Wabash for nearly 60 miles below Terre Haute in Nov- ember 1940. Oxygen demands in excess of 12 parts per million and dissolved oxygen concentrations of less than 3 parts per million 734 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL were observed below the city. Reductions in oxygen demand ap- peared to be relatively rapid during the summer months but somewhat slower during cooler weather. Coliform results on the Wabash showed slightly worse pollution than did the oxygen demand results but, in the main, were in close agreement as to the location of poor sanitary conditions. Little, if any, correlation appeared to exist between the dissolved oxygen re- sults and the other observations, except in a few grossly polluted areas. This may have been due to photosynthesis or to low water tempera- tures. Considerable natural purification appears to have been effected at fairly rapid rates below sources of pollution. A few acid stream samples were taken in the Patoka River area along the South Fork ditch and in the vicinity of Patoka. pH values ranged from 3.4 to 4.7 and phenolphthalein acidities of over 500 parts per million were found. At its mouth the Wabash River was found to be in good sanitary condition. Biological summary.—The plankton population of the Wabash and the larger tributaries is the highest in the entire Ohio Basin—the total volumes often reaching 12,000 to 14,000 parts per million and in a few cases as high as 75,000 parts per million. These high values are due to the increase in the available plant food as a result of the de- composition of the sewage from the heavily populated centers. The fertility of the stream is also reflected in the large mixed fish popu- lation. Hydrometric Data Forty-eight stream-gaging stations have been maintained in the basin for various periods and 35 stations are currently in operation. Table W-6 shows mean monthly flows at 24 of these stations during some of the driest summers of record. Table W-6.—Wabash River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which lowest summer flows have occurred Kiver Wabash Wabash Wabash Wabash Wabash Missis- Eel sinewa Location. Bluffton, Wabash, Logans- Terre Mount Marion, North Ind. Ind. port, Haute, Carmel, Ind. Man- Ind. Ind. 111. Chester, Ind. Kiver miles above— Confluence with Wabash.. 33 46 Mouth of Wabash 421.8 387.7 353.9 214.4 91.5 408 400 Drainage area (square miles)... 470 1,670 3,760 12,200 28,600 740 429 Period of record 1923-40 1923-40 1903-06 1905-06 1928-40 1924-40 1924-40 1923-40 1928-40 Year 1936 1940 1940 1936 1936 1940 1928 June.cubic feet per second.. 23.9 856 1,810 2,960 5, 760 279 195 July do 39.0 164 511 970 3, 220 56.3 229 August.. do 9.09 57.1 241 1,240 2,330 25.0 61.8 September do 8.63 44.0 203 2,640 3,810 21.0 37.9 Year 1935 1932 1939 1940 1940 1928 1940 June.cubic feet per second- 78.5 383 1,450 8,154 15,115 1.170 229 July do 131 327 1,156 2,444 5, 570 316 89.6 August do 47.7 45.9 699 1,183 2, 890 50.5 44.4 September do 9. 03 291 233 1,062 2,450 24.8 50.6 Year 1939 1934 1936 1934 1930 1936 1930 June.cubiefeetpersecond-. 172 128 595 1,440 6, 050 65 87.9 July do 100 55.4 269 1,380 4,110 32.6 45 August do 46.4 207 374 3,140 3, 280 31.7 130 September do 9. 62 132 525 3, 450 3, 670 43.4 61.7 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table W-6.—Wabash River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years ivhich lowest summer flows have occurred—Continued River Tippe- Vermil- Embar- Patoka Little West West canoe lion rass Wabash Fork Fork * White White Location Monti- Danville, Ste. Patoka, Wilcox, Muncie, Ander- cello, 111. Marie, Ind. 111. Ind. son, Ind. Ind. 111. River miles above— Confluence with Wabash__ 28 19 53 12 119 316 294 Mouth of Wabash ... 350 276 175 107 134 412 390 Drainage area (square miles)... 1,740 1,280 1,540 843 1,130 259 412 Period of record 1924-40 1915-21 1910-12 1935-40 1914-39 1924-29 1925-27 (>) 1928-39 1914-39 1931-40 1932-40 Year 1934 1920 1914 1936 1930 1940 1940 June.cubic feet per second.. 303 252 7.93 20.6 117 226 July do 180 54.0 18.9 9. 75 16.7 51.3 489 54.2 3. 58 4.26 4.8 5.1 September .do 1,007 14.4 13.5 9.90 372 3.2 20.9 Year 1940 1930 1922 1940 1936 1932 1936 June.cubic feet per second.. 1,027 165 364 146 19.0 109 76.6 July. do — 429 67.9 257 71.4 30.0 30.9 37.9 August do 237 17.9 52.2 11.3 4.44 7.18 34.8 September do— 240 35.7 26.3 24.4 7.26 94.5 33.8 Year 1936 1919 1930 1939 1922 1939 1934 June cubic feet per second.. 624 576 155 571 100 92.8 93.4 July.. do 246 130 80.3 223 121 53.6 50.5 August. do 298 43.8 27.9 318 12.4 27.9 37.3 September .do 406 20.7 137 20.1 5.37 9. 34 44.0 River West West Fall East East Flat Musca- Pork Fork Creek Fork Fork Rock tatuck White White White White Creek Location Nobles- Indian- Millers- Seymour Shoals, St. Paul, Austin, ville, apolis, ville, Ind. Ind. Ind. Ind. Ind. Ind. Ind. River miles above— Confluence with Wabash . . 274 236 247 218 107 275 212 Mouth of Wabash. 370 332 343 314 203 371 308 Drainage area, square miles 819 1,620 327 2,340 4,940 303 368 Period of record 1924-40 1904-06 1925-26 1923-40 1903-05 1925. 1932-40 1925-40 1930-40 1908-16 1931-40 1923-40 Year 1940 1940 1940 1925 1911 1934 1936 June_ cubic feet per second.. 366 752 117 827 228 19.7 6.93 July do 104 160 36.8 867 117 13.1 3.37 August do 69.5 71.1 19.7 282 95.8 6. 75 1.48 September do 68.7 58.9 17.0 122 1,640 4.92 Year 1936 1936 1936 1927 1936 1936 1940 June. cubic feet per second.. 107 302 72.2 826 696 29.4 155 July. do 80.3 90.3 29.1 149 489 9. 28 14.6 August do 65.8 79.4 19.6 157 265 14.6 2.1 September do 69.1 105 22.3 135 379 84.3 2.6 Year 1932 1939 1934 1936 1940 1940 1933 June. cubic feet per second. _ 380 651 42.2 448 2,079 208 47.6 July ...do 190 683 38.4 231 763 31.5 7.8 August do ... 89.2 413 25.1 169 373 12.2 23.7 September do 265 124 34.7 227 311 9.8 42.6 1 Prom 1924-31 the station was at Pulaski, 32 miles upstream, drainage area 1,110 square miles None of the flows at this station were as low as those at Monticello from 1932-40. 00035—44—pt. 2 38 736 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Fig-W-6 FIGURE W-6 SUMMER LOW FLOW FREQUENCY CURVE W. FK. WHITE RIVER AT INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 1923 TO 1939 INCL. WABASH RIVER AT TERRE HAUTE, IND. 1928 TO 1939 INCL. |li.S.E.P.-O.B.O. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 737 Proposed stream control.—Five flood-control reservoir sites have been studied by the United States Engineer Department for construc- tion under the authorized program for Ohio River flood control. Data on these reservoirs are tabulated below: Reservoir Stream Miles above mouth of Wabash River Raccoon Creek . . 259 190 285 West Fork White . 265 Shoals.. East Fork White 208 There are no large sources of pollution along the streams below the latter three of these reservoirs with the exception of Mount Carmel on the Wabash. Although there are no important sources of pollu- tion on Raccoon Creek, below the Mansfield Reservoir site, any additional flow made available by the reservoir by using a portion of the flood-control capacity for low-flow regulation after the end of the flood season would be of value for pollution abatement at Terre Haute. Wastes from Lawrenceville are discharged to the Embarrass River below the Wolf Creek site and additional flow from the reser- voir would be of value at that point. The value to pollution abate- ment of low-flow regulation from these reservoirs would not be great enough to warrant provision of additional storage capacity expressly for this purpose. Discussion While commendable progress, in general, has been made in sewage treatment, untreated sewage from a number of cities and towns seriously affects the water supplies of downstream communities. The heaviest remaining pollution results from the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated industrial wastes. At Terre Haute, the largest source of pollution in the basin, in- dustrial wastes have a population equivalent of more than 12 times the sewered population. At some of the other communities where large canneries are located the ratio is even higher. A number of sewage-treatment plants are successfully treating industrial waste loads that are considerably greater than the strictly domestic sewage load. Wabash River.—The four largest cities without sewage treatment Works (Terre Haute, Vincennes, La Fayette, and Logansport) are all on the Wabash River. The flow in the river at these and at other com- munities on the main stream below Logansport is ample to permit the satisfactory disposal of sewage and most industrial wastes with only Partial treatment. 738 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL The major part of the waste load at Terre Haute comes from straw- board plants and distilleries. Canneries, packing houses, and a few other industries add to the industrial waste load. Although the city has a population of 62,000 only about 26,000 are served by the municipal sewerage system. Much of the industrial waste can be treated effectively at a municipal plant. Pretreatment at the in- dustrial plant before discharge to city sewers is indicated in a few cases. The strawboard wastes here and also at Vincennes probably will require separate treatment. Secondary sewage treatment is indicated at Wabash, the only town of appreciable size on the Wabash River above Logansport not now having such facilities. East Fork of White River.—Untreated sewage from a number of communities along the East Fork and its tributaries causes damage of more than local importance. The larger communities are Bedford, Columbus, Shelbyville, and Seymour. Secondary treatment is in- dicated at the first three. Primary treatment should be sufficient at Seymour. Large amounts of untreated or inadequately treated in- dustrial wastes, principally from canneries and a strawboard [plant, contribute a much larger oxygen demand than the domestic sewage. Four public water supplies are taken from the East Fork (see table W-2) and the untreated water at all of these has been found occasionally to be rather heavily polluted, although at the time of the laboratory survey the bacterial counts were not unduly high. Evidence of the need for improved waste treatment in this area is shown by the epidemics of gastroenteritis, evidently water-borne, which occurred early in February 1940, in the towns using the East Fork as a source of public water supply. Seymour was particularly hard hit, about one-quarter of the people using the public supply being affected. Those not using the public supply were not affected nor did communities using other sources of supply experience any similar outbreaks. The epidemics occurred with a rise in the river following a continued period of low flow during which the stream was covered with ice. These factors all indicate that the probable cause of the disorders was undue pollution of the stream by sewage and industrial wastes at a time when natural purification processes were least rapid. Two large canneries, at Scottsburg and Austin, cause serious oxygen depletion of the Muscatatuck River for more than 25 miles. At the time of the laboratory survey the average dissolved oxygen content was found to be only 2.2 parts per million at the mouth of the stream and at other times the entire Muscatatuck River has been septic due to these wastes. The communities at which these canneries are located are small and the industrial wastes will need to be treated separately. Relatively complete treatment is indicated. West Fork of White River.—At Indianapolis the sewage flow is approaching the design capacity of the treatment plant built in 1925. Expansion of some of the units is necessary if the plant is to produce a satisfactory effluent. A number of the existing interceptors flow almost full during dry weather and even light rains cause overflows of untreated wastes into Fall Creek and the West Fork with attend- ant nuisance conditions. Larger or additional interceptors are indicated. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 739 The larger cities and industries above Indianapolis water supply intake on the West Fork have taken steps to abate pollution. Sewage from Noblesville, however, still enters the stream without treatment. The provision of at least primary treatment and chlorination is indicated for the further protection of Indianapolis’ water supply. Secondary treatment of sewage and industrial wastes at Alexandria is indicated. These wastes cause a serious local nuisance in Pipe Creek which enters the West Fork above Indianapolis. Complete treatment of sewage and cannery wastes at Pendleton and im- provements to the existing treatment plant at the Pendleton Reformatory are needed to protect the quality of Fall Creek which is also used by Indianapolis as a source of public water supply. Other sources of 'pollution.—Existing sewage-treatment plants at a number of cities need improvements or additions; among these are Danville, 111., Sullivan, Franklin, Tipton, and Greencastle, Ind. The majority of the communities now discharging untreated sewage are on small streams subject to extremely low flows. Secondary treat- ment is essential at these places to prevent local nuisances; Warsaw, Columbia City, Gas City, Huntingburg, Jasper, Portland, and Washington, Ind., are examples of such communities. A large part of the industrial waste load can be most easily and satisfactorily handled at municipal treatment plants. Wastes from many of the canneries and some of the other industries will require separate treatment. Small and moderate-sized canneries which operate only seasonally can often dispose of their wastes without nuisance to lagoons or by broad irrigation if care is taken to prevent accidental discharges of wastes to the streams. Detailed study of some plants will be necessary to determine the most practicable method of handling the wastes. Several sewage-treatment plants, notably those at Muncie, Crawfordsville, and New Castle, Ind., have experienced operating difficulties because of acid pickle liquors dis- charged to the municipal sewers by metal-processing plants. Either separate treatment or pretreatment of such wastes at the industrial plant seems necessary to prevent interference of these wastes with treatment processes. Continuation of the work of the Illinois State Health Department on disposal of oil field wastes appears necessary. As the field becomes cider and brine production increases, the water supplies taken from the Little Wabash River would be affected if present rigid methods of disposal were not continued. Resumption of the mine-sealing pro- gram is desirable, particularly in Indiana. Flow regulation by the proposed flood-control reservois on Raccoon Creek and the Embarrass River could be of value in abating pollution at Terre Haute and Lawrenceville. In neither case would the value to pollution abatement be large enough to have any appreciable mfluence on the economic justification of the project, nor would the Provision of additional storage capacity solely for the purpose of pollu- tion abatement be economically justified. Estimated costs of existing treatment and of the suggested pro- gram of municipal and industrial waste treatment facilities are summarized in table W-l. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Wabash River, above Fort Recovery, W 479 Aug. 29,1940 1 23.5 5.1 59.2 3.2 21 7.8 60 180 Ohio. Wabash River, below Fort Recovery, W 478 Aug. 15,1940 0) 27.5 .8 9.5 12.7 4,600 7.7 30 278 280 Ohio. Do... do Aug. 22,1940 (i) 18. 5 0 0 26 7 46,000 7.8 50 208 Do do Aug. 29,1940 1 23.0 0 o 12 9 9 300 7 7 40 216 Beaver Creek, above Celina, Ohio WBe 474... Aug. 1940 7 25.5 7.6 91.6 5.3 23 7.8 130 90 130 Do do 8 23. 0 7. 3 83 9 7. 5 4 8 4 130 82 Do do._ Aug. 29j 1940 8 24. 5 7.0 82.8 6.1 9 8 2 110 86 Beaver Creek, Vi mile below Celina, WBe 473 Aug. 15,1940 10 26.0 2.4 29.0 5.1 93 7.5 85 108 190 Ohio. Do do. Aug. 22,1940 12 22. 5 2.0 22.6 5 8 1,100 7. 6 70 97 Do Aug. 29,1940 11 23. 5 .9 10.3 8 1 2, 400 7 5 65 112 Herondon Creek, Vi mile below Cold- WBeHe 476 Aug. 15,1940 (>) 23.5 3.2 37.7 3.1 240 7.7 25 279 440 water, Ohio. Do do Aug. 22,1940 (') 17. 5 2.3 24.3 6. 2 460 7.6 35 279 Do do Aug- 29,1940 (l) 22. 5 1.6 17. 8 6.4 2, 400 7. 7 80 301 Wabash River, above Bluflton, Ind.. W 432. July 1911940 20 26.0 6.5 79.3 5.7 43 7.9 270 182 288 Do do July 29,1940 16 28.0 4.2 52. 5 4. 7 7 8 0 180 208 Do do Aug. 6, 1940 29 26.5 1.5 19.7 6. 0 1,100 7. 2 450 93 Wabash River, below Bluflton, Ind.. W 431 July 19,1940 20 6.9 4.4 93 8.1 170 194 300 Do do July 29, 1940 17 29.0 4.0 51.0 3.6 460 7. 8 150 228 Do do__ Aug. 6,1940 30 26. 5 2. 7 33.4 17.8 2, 400 7. 2 150 144 Wabash River, above Huntington, W 410 July 26,1940 26 31.5 5.3 71.5 4.4 23 8.1 110 207 296 Ind. Do do. 10 25.0 5. 3 63. 4 1. 9 12 8 0 120 224 Do do_ Aug. 13j 1940 20 25.0 4.7 55.8 3.0 24 8 0 110 208 Do do. 32 12. 5 9 2 85 5 2 3 4 7 9 214 Do do Nov. 12,1940 68 3.0 ii. i 82.5 2.3 46 7.9 40 218 Do do Nov. 18,1940 26 4.0 13.2 100. 5 2. 3 4 7.8 12 227 Do do Nov. 25,1940 18 3. 5 12.1 91.2 1. 2 4 8.0 12 220 Little River, above Huntington, Ind. WLr 409 July 26,1940 2 27.0 6.9 85.0 3.0 23 8.1 110 282 284 Do.. do 22.0 6. 1 69.3 2.1 4 7. 9 110 278 Do do Aug. 13,1940 4 25.5 6.5 78. 7 1.8 4 8 0 55 280 Do do Nov. 5,1940 5 12.0 9. 4 86.8 1.6 9 7. 8 50 264 Do.... do. 20 3.0 9.7 72.0 3.1 460 7. 8 250 207 Do.. do Nov. 18| 1940 5 5.0 13. 4 104. 5 .9 9 7. 7 15 272 Do Nov. 25,1940 5 5.6 12.0 95.2 1.1 4 7.8 35 284 Table W-7.—Wabash River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 741 Little River, below Huntington, Ind. Do / WLr 407 1 Aug. B, 1940 Aug. 9,1940 Aug. 13, 1940 July 26,1940 / 2 1 27n i a o 48.2 0. 5 11,000 7.8 10 270 25.5 12.0 144.3 4.9 '240 8.4 5 277 384 Do 5 25. 5 4.0 48.4 4.2 1,100 240 7.8 7 288 Wabash River, below Huntington, W 406 63 29.5 5.0 64.4 3.2 8.0 60 231 268 Ind. Do __ . Aug. 5,1940 Aug. 13,1940 Nov. 5,1940 Nov. 12,1940 Nov. 18,1940 Nov. 25,1940 Aug 16,1940. 26 27.0 5.1 63.2 3.5 2,400 8.0 80 236 Do 25 27.0 4.0 49.3 3.3 460 7.8 45 232 Do - 38 12.5 5.8 54.5 5.8 1,100 460 7.7 20 224 Do 102 2.0 10.8 78.1 4.4 7.9 50 238 Do 33 4.5 13.0 99.8 2.1 460 7.8 12 , 233 Do- 30 4.5 11.4 88.0 1.7 1,100 8.0 12 243 Salimonie River, 1}4 miles above WSa 466 (') 25.0 5.5 65.6 2.1 4 8.1 100 209 220 Portland, Ind. 214 Do do Aug. 23,1940 Aug. 30,1940 Aug. 16,1940 (>) 1 19.0 7.2 76.8 2.4 24 8.1 120 Do -- ... 23.5 5.8 67.1 2.3 110 8.1 120 241 Salimonie River, 1 mile below Port- WSa 464 4 25.0 0 0 8.7 24,000 7.6 30 374 344 land, Ind. 367 Do Aug. 23,1940 Aug. 30,1940 Aug. 16,1940 3 19.5 0 0 10.8 9,300 24,000 46,000 7.7 23 Do 2 23.5 0 0 10.0 7.7 30 359 Salimonie River, 3 miles below Port- WSa 462 5 25.0 .1 1.0 11.8 7.7 17 409 348 land, Ind. 302 Do Aug. 23,1940 Aug. 30,1940 July 19,1940 4 19.0 0 0 17.2 46,000 7.4 55 Do 2 23.0 0 0 16.3 110,000 240 7.7 30 365 Salimonie River, 0.7 mile below WSa 438 7 23.5 4.0 46.5 5.6 7.7 450 131 204 Montpelier, Ind. 216 Do July 29,1940 Aug. 6,1940 July 19,1940 3 26.5 7.9 97.1 3.4 9 8.2 45 Do 4 26.5 6.0 74.0 6.2 24 8.0 50 258 Salimonie River, below Montpelier, WSa 437 13 23.5 4.0 46.9 4.6 93 7.6 550 133 188 Ind. Do July 29,1940 Aug. 6,1940 July 19,1940 6 27.0 2.7 33.7 3.3 93 7.6 90 212 Do 6 25.5 3.0 35.9 2.7 1,100 7.6 70 242 Salimonie River, above Warren, Ind. WSa 424.. 26 24.0 7.8 92.0 5.8 15 8.2 110 236 272 Do July 29,1940 Aug. 6,1940 July 19,1940 9 26. 5 3.2 39.7 3.9 46 8.1 95 206 Do 9 26.5 5.1 62.8 4.7 46 8.1 90 240 Salimonie River, below Warren, Ind. WSa 423. 10 24.0 6.4 74.8 6.0 93 8.2 110 250 288 Do July 29,1940 Aug. 6,1940 Aug. 19,1940 10 25.5 2. 1 25.4 4.8 1,100 7.7 410 146 Do 10 26.0 4.2 51.6 5. 7 23 7.9 60 236 Salimonie River, at mouth, Lagro, WSa 394 37 22.0 6.3 71.5 3.6 46 8.1 210 238 268 Ind. Do .. . Aug. 26,1940 Sept. 3,1940 Nov. 5,1940 Nov. 12,1940 Nov. 18,1940 Nov. 25,1940 July 25,1940 28 21.0 7.2 79.9 2.3 9 8.1 130 260 Do 35 18.5 7.8 82.6 2.2 110 8.1 140 268 Do 36 13.0 9.7 91.6 1.4 9 8.1 55 271 Do 26 3.5 10.9 82.0 4.8 240 7.8 380 181 Do 32 5.5 13.6 107.6 1.1 9 7.7 12 * 279 Do 32 4.5 13.1 100.8 1.2 7 8.3 3 278 Wabash River, above Wabash, Ind-. W 390 87 29.5 6.1 79.2 4.2 4 8.0 120 201 284 Do Aug. 2,1940 Aug. 12,1940 Nov. 5,1940 Nov. 12,1940 60 23.5 6.4 73.8 3.1 1 8.0 85 208 Do 45 27.0 6 3 78.1 3.6 4 8.2 120 228 Do 87 12.0 9.9 91.3 2.5 24 8.1 60 240 Do 443 6.0 10.9 87.3 3.5 240 7.8 500 160 1 Less than 1. 742 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent of satura- tion Wabash River, below Wabash, Ind.. W 387 July 25,1940 90 31.0 4.8 63.9 5.8 460 8.0 85 208 316 Do .... do 2,1940 61 23. 5 4. 2 48.3 6. 3 930 7 7 45 210 Do.... do._ 12,1940 45 20.5 3.9 48. 2 4. 4 24r000 7.8 65 232 Do do 5,1940 88 12. 5 7.9 73.8 7. 6 1 500 7 7 50 238 Do do Nov. 12,1940 446 6.0 10.2 82.1 8.5 7 930 7.7 550 158 Do do__ 18,1940 84 6.5 13.0 105.4 6.0 91 7 7 35 Do do._ Nov. 25,1940 76 6.5 11. 4 92.4 8.7 930 8.1 45 247 Wabash River, above Peru, Ind ... . W 376.. July 24,1940 107 27.0 4.6 56.8 15.2 43 7.8 120 223 280 Do do Aug. 1,1940 90 23.5 5. 5 64.0 3.3 7 7.9 150 191 Do do_ Aug. 9,1940 95 23.5 4.7 54.3 3.9 15 7. 7 130 240 Do do__ Nov. 6,1940 100 8.5 8.0 68.0 4. 2 110 7.7 22 260 Do... do._ Nov. 13,1940 334 4.5 9.8 75.6 5.6 460 7.7 300 178 Do do_ Nov. 19,1940 104 7.0 10.6 87.2 1.9 93 7.5 12 272 Do__ . .do. ... Nov. 25,1940 110 7.5 9.2 76.7 2. 6 64 7.5 35 266 Little Mississinewa River, below WMiLm 478 Aug. 15,1940 24.5 2.6 30.8 11.4 2, 400 8.0 15 404 332 Union City, Ind. Do do_._ Aug, 22,1940 0) 18.5 2.9 30.3 8.7 24,000 8.1 20 450 Do... do.. Aug. 29,1940 2 23.5 0 0 73.0 46,000 7.7 120 371 Mississinewa River, above Albany, WMi 448 Aug. 16,1940 2 32.0 9.4 126.8 2.5 9 8.4 50 208 236 Ind. Do do __ Aug. 23,1940 3 18.5 7. 0 73.9 2.1 24 8 1 50 216 Do ...do Aug. 30,1940 5 23.0 5.4 62.6 2.9 46 8 1 85 224 Mississinewa River, below Albany, WMi 447 Aug. 16,1940 2 29.5 7.1 92.5 6.6 3 8.4 95 222 320 Ind. Do.. do Aug. 23,1940 3 19.0 7.0 75.4 2.8 24 8.1 80 220 Do . . .. . do Aug. 30,1940 5 23.0 5.0 57.6 4.7 24 7 9 65 206 Mississinewa River, above Eaton, Ind. WMi 437 Aug. 16,1940 4 29.0 7.6 98.1 2.6 4 8.1 40 224 232 Do do Aug. 23, 1940 4 21.5 8.7 97.2 2.6 9 8. 2 45 216 Do do Aug. 30,1940 4 23.5 7.9 91.6 3.6 2 7. 6 50 218 Mississinewa River, below Eaton, WMi 436 Aug. 16,1940 6 29.0 5.8 74.6 5.8 4, 600 8.0 55 212 224 Ind. Do do Aug. 23,1940 5 21.5 7.7 86.0 3.6 2,400 8.1 45 208 Do do Aug. 30,1940 5 24.0 5.6 65.4 3.7 230 7.8 65 177 Big Lick Creek, below Dunkirk, Ind. WMiLi 447 Aug. 16,1940 1 29.5 0 0 10.4 15,000 7.6 12 376 264 Do Aug. 23,1940 1 18.5 .5 5.3 7.1 230 7. 7 35 374 Do . _ .do. Aug. 30,1940 1 22.0 0 0 9.1 9, 300 7.8 20 339 Big Lick Creek, above Hartford WMiLi 438 Aug. 19,1940 2 22.0 6.6 74.4 4.3 1,100 7.9 110 241 336 Do ...‘.-do Aug. 26,1940 (0 22.5 5.6 64.2 1.9 91 7.8 55 240 Do Sept. 3,1940 (») 18.5 7.2 75.7 2.1 1,100 7.8 100 235 Table W-7.—Wabash River Basin: Ohio River -pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 743 Big Lick Creek, below Hartford WM1L1436 Aug. 19,1940 4 22.0 6.3 71.7 7.0 2.400 7.9 45 234 288 City, Ind. Do Aug. 26.1940 Sept. 3,1940 Aug. 19,1940 2 23.5 0 0 15.4 15,000 24,000 7.7 25 334 Do 1 17.5 0 0 33.9 7.7 40 353 Little Lick Creek, below Hartford WMiLiL 437 2 . 24.5 0 0 65.0 46,000 7.6 100 374 392 City, Ind. 254 Do Aug. 26,1940 Sept. 3,1940 July 18,1940 2 24.0 0 0 10.2 1, 500 2,300 43 7.5 20 Do 1 20.0 0 0 13.6 7.5 30 257 Mississinewa River, above Gas City, WMi 414 20 22.5 6.9 79.3 4.8 8.2 170 261 273 Ind. 254 Do July 26,1940 Aug. 5,1940 Aug. 19,1940 Aug. 19,1940 19 28.0 4.4 55.3 3.8 4 8.0 120 Do 19 23. 5 5.2 60.6 4.5 15 8.0 110 267 Back Creek, % mile below Fairmont, Ind. Back Creek, 1 mile below Fairmont, WMiB 419.. 19.0 4.3 46.0 4.1 460 7.5 45 259 280 WMiB 419. 2 19.5 1.4 15.0 19.3 2,400 7.3 35 229 248 Ind. 380 Do Aug. 26,1940 Sept. 3,1940 July 18,1940 2 21. 5 2.8 30.9 9.6 430 7.6 5 Do 2 16.5 3.3 33.5 6.4 240 7.6 5 419 Back Creek, above Jonesboro, Ind WMiB 415 2 20.0 6.8 74.7 6.7 43 7.8 55 238 317 Do July 26,1940 Aug. 5,1940 July 18,1940 2 25.5 2.9 35.2 5.7 43 7.8 40 269 Do 2 21.0 3.3 37.0 7.4 93 7.7 30 289 Mississinewa River, above Marion, WMi 413 60 25.5 11.6 140.0 6.6 46 8.4 190 228 268 Ind. 243 Do July 26,1940 Aug. 5,1940 July 26,1940 23 28.0 6.8 85.9 5.6 93 7.9 110 Do 21 23.5 4.4 50.7 8.7 23 8.1 110 272 Mississinewa River, below Marion, WMi 403 54 27.5 2.0 25.5 7.8 460 7.8 4 252 332 Ind. 7.9 8 272 Do Aug. 5,1940 Aug. 13,1940 July 24,1940 46 24.0 4.0 46.9 2.8 9 Do 36 27.0 2.8 34.9 2.8 2 8.2 13 292 Mississinewa River, at mouth, Peru, WMi 376 62 26.5 3.7 45.5 5.2 43 7.8 95 201 260 Ind. 40 212 Do Aug. 1,1940 Aug. 9,1940 42 24.5' 6.9 81.9 4.9 4 8.1 Do 42 23.5 5.4 62.8 3.6 2 8.0 90 226 Do 50 7.5 10.5 87.5 3.9 1 8.1 20 254 Do Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 19,1940 Nov. 25,1940 July 24,1940 Aug. 1,1940 Aug. 9,1940 Nov. 6,1940 Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 19,1940 Nov. 25,1940 Sept. 30,1940 75 1.5 12.8 91.1 3.8 3 8.1 40 242 Do 50 4.5 13.3 102.6 2.1 1 8.1 5 253 Do 50 5.5 13.7 108.4 1.7 0) 8.2 3 254 W 370 174 27.0 5.4 66.7 6.1 43 8.0 140 204 288 Do 140 24.5 7.0 82.6 3.4 43 8.1 90 218 Do 140 23.5 5.3 61.3 3.8 460 7.9 100 . 241 Do 150 8.0 10.0 84.2 6.2 460 7.7 40 254 Do 412 3.5 10.5 78.9 6.7 430 7.7 130 218 Do 165 5.5 11.4 89.9 3.5 93 7.7 12 257 Do 170 8.5 14.9 127.2 2.9 150 7.9 5 260 Wabash River, above Logansport, Ind. Do W 357 115 16.5 13.3 135.0 8.8 4 8.4 100 203 260 Oct. 4,1940 Oct. 9,1940 Nov. 6,1940 Nov. 13,1940 200 17.5 13.2 136.9 7.1 2 8.4 60 194 Do 248 11.5 8.1 73.9 3.8 110 8.1 60 178 Do 250 8.0 12.2 102.6 5.1 9 8.1 50 244 Do 1,030 2.0 13.1 94.7 3.0 23 8.1 35 244 1 Less than 1. 744 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent of satura- tion Wabash River, above Logansport, W 357.. Nov. 19,1940 213 6.5 13.2 104.5 2.7 43 7.8 65 215 Ind. Do do Nov. 26,1940 264 2. 0 13 0 94 0 3 1 23 8 1 100 Town Branch Eel River, below WEeTb 443 July 23| 1940 0) 26.5 0 0 29.2 46,000 7.3 210 153 136 Churubusco, Ind. Do do July 31,1940 (i) 22. 5 . 1 1. 3 18 7 7 7 Do... do_ 8| 1940 (i) 17. 0 2. 0 20. 9 13 6 4 300 7 8 Eel River, below Churubusco, Ind.. WEe 438 July 23,1940 1 25.5 2.0 24.2 1.6 36 7.8 5 308 240 Do do July 31,1940 1 23. 5 2.1 24. 4 1. 6 21 7 5 7 264 Do 8,1940 1 19. 0 2. 6 28 0 1 4 24 7 5 Thorn Creek, above Columbia City, WEeTh 427.. July 23; 1940 7 23.5 3.5 40.2 3.0 1,100 7.7 100 261 244 Ind. Do do_ July 31,1940 7 22. 5 3. 5 39. 7 3. 5 930 7 8 12 2Q8 Do do. Aug. 8| 1940 6 19.0 7. 2 76. 6 1.6 43 7 9 12 320 Thorn Creek, below Columbia City, WEeTh 425 July 23| 1940 7 24.5 1.6 19.3 8.2 4,600 7.7 330 217 264 Ind. Do do July 31,1940 8 24.0 0 0 36. 6 24 000 7. 6 100 361 Do __ do . Aug. 8,1940 7 20.0 0 0 80 8 no' 000 7 7 160 394 Eel River, above South Whitley, Ind_ WEe 413 July 23, 1940 75 24. 5 2.9 34.6 7.6 2; 400 7.7 450 214 252 Do do July 31, 1940 30 28. 5 4.0 50.4 3.1 91 7.9 25 304 Do... do_ Aug. 8,1940 23 21.0 3.4 38.2 6. 6 2 400 7 8 18 329 Eel River, below South Whitley, Ind. WEe 412 July 23; 1940 87 27.0 6.6 69.0 3.9 460 7.8 80 260 296 Do do July 31,1940 40 23.5 6. 9 80.0 3. 2 36 7. 9 70 282 Do do_ Aug. 8,1940 30 22. 5 7.0 79. 7 2. 6 46 8 0 45 3X3 Eel River, above North Manchester, WEe 400 July 23; 1940 152 27.0 9.3 115.6 3.6 46 7.8 25 260 212 Ind. Do do July 31,1940 58 24.5 5.2 61.2 2.0 23 7.8 95 226 Do do Aug. 8,1940 31 23.0 6.8 77.9 2. 7 93 8 0 55 2Q9 Eel River, below North Manchester, WEe 393 July 23; 1940 148 27.5 6.7 83.9 2.4 210 8.1 35 281 220 Ind. Do do__ July 31,1940 73 25.0 5.2 61.8 2.5 460 7. 7 110 204 Do do Aug. 8, 1940 44 24.0 9.9 115.6 4. 4 240 8. 2 80 Eel River, above Logansport, Ind WEe 357 Sept. 30,1940 105 15.5 10.6 105.4 2.2 9 8. 1 17 263 268 Do do Oct. 4,1940 100 15.0 9.9 97.4 1. 4 24 8.1 18 260 Do do Oct. 9,1940 252 • 14.5 7.5 73.1 2. 6 46 8.0 60 236 Do do Oct. 11,1940 167 16.0 8. 5 85.4 1.9 23 7.9 40 216 Do do__ Oct. 16,1940 153 11. 5 8.8 80.1 1.9 9 7.8 65 231 Do do Nov. 6, 1940 177 7.5 10.5 87.5 1.4 4 7.7 12 270 Do do Nov. 13,1940 300 3.0 12.5 92.4 1.1 15 8.1 70 276 Table W—7.— Wabash River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 745 Do Nov. 10,1940 Nov. 26, 1940 Sept. 30,1940 186 178 220 6.0 4.0 17.5 13.3 12.8 11.8 1 1.3 110 7.9 30 Do 97.5 122.0 217 Wabash River, l\i miles below Logansport, Ind. W 354 1.2 2.9 4 8.1 35 276 93 8.3 15 252 264 Do Oct. 4, 1940 Oct. 9,1940 Nov. 6,1940 Nov. 13,1940 Oct. 11,1940 Oct. 16,1940 Nov. 19,1940 Nov. 28,1940 Oct. 3,1940 Oct. 4,1940 Oct. 9,1940 Oct. 16,1940 Nov. 6,1940 Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 19,1940 Nov. 26,1940 Oct. 1,1940 Oct. 8,1940 Oct. 9,1940 Oct. 15,1940 Oct. 16,1940 Nov. 7,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Nov. 20.1940 Noi. 26,1940 Oct. 1,1940 Oct. 8,1940 Oct. 9,1940 Oct. 15,1940 July 22,1940 5.0 350 8.1 20 222 Do 500 427 1,330 320 360 410 447 310 310 520 377 436 1, 340 421 457 240 462 581 370 429 448 1,045 455 483 241 474 597 382 13.3 9.5 3.0 17.3 11.8 5.5 2.0 15.5 18.5 14.3 12.0 8.0 2.0 6.0 3.0 17.5 16.5 16.0 14.5 13.0 6.5 7.3 10.2 13.0 9.1 8.1 11.7 11.3 8.4 10.7 7.5 8.4 11.0 13.2 12.8 12.9 11.4 7.6 9.6 9.1 10.2 11.8 13.8 12.9 13.6 14.3 7.5 9.6 6.5 69.5 89.1 96.3 94.0 74.1 92.6 81.8 84.1 113.1 72.8 77.6 92.8 95.4 102.6 95.8 117.9 76.9 96.2 88.5 96.5 95.8 94.5 108.4 99.5 151.5 77.0 96.8 62.7 Do.. 5. 5 350 7.8 45 230 Do 2.1 3.3 2.8 3.1 460 8.0 7 276 Do 93 8.1 50 290 Do.. 305 8.1 12 225 Do 670 7.8 35 214 Do 3. 5 3.2 240 7.8 30 225 W abash River, Georgetown, Ind W 349 1,100 8.0 12 231 Do 4. 0 4.6 43 8.1 45 228 264 Do.... 142 8.2 40 230 Do 3.4 3.8 2.7 3.4 2.3 195 7.9 40 228 Do.. 350 8.0 60 214 Do... 240 8.1 35 214 Do 460 8.1 85 267 Do 1,100 8.0 60 218 Wabash River, above Delphi, Ind... Do W 339 2.8 240 8.2 18 292 4.,6 3.8 3.7 9 8.4 60 209 236 Do 460 7.9 110 184 Do. 93 8.4 75 192 Do. 2.0 9 8.1 60 199 Do 2. 4 93 8.1 65 212 Do. 2. 6 240 8.1 30 250 Do 0 8.0 2.5 18.5 17.0 16.0 14.0 2.2 93 8.1 50 250 Do. 1.6 150 8.1 70 218 Wabash River, below Delphi, Ind . Do W 3.30 2.1 23 8.2 12 246 4.6 4.6 3.8 43 8.4 50 216 256 Do 240 7.7 90 182 Do 93 8.0 45 185 Tippecanoe River, above Warsaw, WTi 443 5.7 2,400 43 7.8 1,200 132 180 39 25.5 6.9 82.8 2.0 8.0 208 Ind. 3 Do July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 July 22,1940 July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 July 22,1940 July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 July 22,1940 25 17 27.5 21.5 6.9 7.4 86.2 83.6 2.4 8.0 192 Do 4 6 Walnut Creek, above Warsaw, Ind WTiWc 444 1. 6 120 8.1 3 200 213 28.5 28.5 22.5 11.0 10.8 11.5 139.8 137.8 131.1 2.6 2.0 46 9 8.7 172 Do 3 Do 8.4 3 184 Walnut Creek, below Warsaw, Ind WTi We 443 1.2 24 8. 4 3 218 237 24.5 26.0 22.5 0 0 63.4 40.7 41.6 240,000 7.5 55 252 Do___ 0 Do 460,000 7.1 20 227 Tippecanoe River, below Warsaw, WTi 442 0 150,000 39 7.3 50 262 45 26.0 6.3 65.0 4.4 7.9 220 Ind. 3 191 Do July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 July 22,1940 30 22 27.0 23.0 3.8 3.3 47.2 37.8 3.0 2.3 43 7.7 191 Do . 3 Winona Lake Outlet, Warsaw, Ind.. Do WTiWcWl 444 93 7.7 3 204 2 27.5 8.7 108.8 2.4 2.0 1.8 9 8.7 5 100 275 July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 30.5 25.0 8.1 7.8 107.4 92.6 Do 2 8. 7 5 101 11 8.4 3 96 1 Less than 1. 746 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Parts per million Percent of satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Tippecanoe River, above Bourbon, Ind. WTI 432. July 22,1940 75 26.0 4.9' 59.2 4.4 23 7.9 10 207 244 Do_ do July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 July 22,1940 70 27.5 23.5 26.5 4.8 5.8 3.6 60.3 67.4 43.6 2.0 1.8 4.0 43 23 8.0 8.0 8.1 10 191 210 216 Do do... 40 Tippecanoe River, below Bourbon, Ind. WTi 422. 82 230 Do do July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 July 24,1940 74 27. 5 5.1 63.8 68.6 2.1 1.8 2.3 3 8.0 8.1 8.0 4 208 220 214 Do do 50 23. 5 5.9 4 Tippecanoe River, above Rochester, Ind. WTi 410 116 27.0 5.8 72.4 9 264 Do do Aug. 1,1940 Aug. 9,1940 July 24,1940 Aug. 1,1940 Aug. 9,1940 July 24,1940 Aug. 1,1940 Aug. 9,1940 July 24,1940 96 96 22.0 23. 0 5.7 6.4 64.6 74.1 9 4 8.0 8.0 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.8 213 226 156 123 167 200 203 217 207 Do do 1.3 7.8 3.1 1.8 3.2 2.7 2.3 7 Mill Creek, above Rochester, Ind WTiMc 411.. 9 23.5 19.0 3.8 3.9 44.7 41.4 93 208 Do do 4 7 Do do 4 21.5 21.0 4.6 2.0 2.6 51.9 22 4 Mill Creek, below Rochester, Ind Do.. WTiMc 409 11 930 430 430 93 236 do 11 14. 5 25.1 Do ... .do 10 20.0 2.9 31.3 Tippecanoe River, below Rochester, Ind. WTi 408 128 25.0 4.5 63.7 3 260 Do... do. Aug. 1,1940 Aug. 9,1940 July 22,1940 107 19.0 4.8 51.3 1.7 1.5 2.7 93 93 4 7.8 7.8 8.2 3 213 220 122 Do do 107 21. 5 5. 5 61.7 77.9 Lake Maxinkuckee, 100 feet below do 26.5 6.3 3 146 Culver sewer. Do do_. July 30,1940 Aug. 7,1940 July 22,1940 29.0 6. 2 79. 5 1.8 (0 11 8.4 8.1 8.6 3 2 115 122 122 Do do_ 25.5 5.3 62.4 1.8 Lake Maxinkuckee, 900 feet below do._ 26.5 7.8 95.8 2.2 4 3 sewer. Tippecanoe River, above Winamac, Ind. WTi 377 Sept. 30,1940 100 15.0 9.2 90.8 1.6 4 8.1 2 223 236 Do... do_ Oct. 4,1940 Oct. 11,1940 96 16.0 8.6 86.3 1.1 9 8.1 7.9 2 200 198 223 Do do... 128 15.5 8.3 82.6 1. 2 4 3 Tippecanoe River, below Winamac, Ind. WTi 375 Sept. 30,1940 100 14.5 9.0 87.3 • 1.5 23 8.1 2 224 Do do Oct. 4,1940 Oct. 11,1940 Sept. 30,1940 96 15.5 8. 2 81.6 1.0 43 8.1 2 202 195 191 Do 128 15.0 8.0 79.3 1.4 15 7.9 8.1 3 Tippecanoe River, above Monticello, Ind. WTi 349 193 19.5 8.5 91.5 1.9 4 12 240 Do do Oct. 4,1940 Oct. 11,1940 195 17.0 7.9 81.1 1.4 4 7.9 8.0 17 7 198 195 Do 375 17.0 7.2 73.9 2.0 9 Table W-7.—Wabash River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 747 Tippecanoe River, below Monticello, / WTi347. I Sept. 30,1940 193 19.5 10.7 / 115.6 3.0 4 8.4 12 201 236 Ind Do Oct. 4.1940 195 17.0 8.4 86.3 1.6 4 8.1 15 171 Do do Oct. 11,1940 Oct. 1,1940 375 17.0 9.3 95.0 2.1 24 8.3 7 193 Tippecanoe River, 3 miles above WTi 325 224 18.0 11.1 116.7 1.9 15 8.3 3 182 228 mouth. Do do Oct. 8,1940 Oct. 9,1940 Oct. 16,1940 Nov. 7,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Nov. 20,1940 Nov. 26,1940 July 25,1940 425 17.0 9.0 92.0 2.0 46 8.1 10 186 Do do 400 17. 0 9.2 95.0 2.2 46 8.2 10 175 Do.... 268 14.0 7. 5 9.7 93. 6 1. 5 23 8.1 12 186 Do do. 257 10.7 88.7 1.9 9 8.0 3 197 Do 395 2. 0 12.2 88.2 1. 6 4 8.1 5 197 Do. 395 9. 0 11.6 100.8 1.1 4 8.1 5 191 Do 410 3. 5 12.6 94.6 2. 6 4 8.1 3 195 Wildcat Creek, above Greentown, WWc 382 4 27.0 2.9 35.4 5.0 4 7.7 50 264 272 Ind. Do... do Aug. 2,1940 Aug. 12,1940 July 25,1940 2 20.0 4. 2 46. 0 2.2 24 7.8 70 255 Do do 2 25. 5 4.1 49.3 2.0 24 7.9 40 266 Wildcat Greek, below Greentown, WrWc 381.. 5 27.0 4.9 61.0 4.5 4 8.1 40 2,54 280 Ind. Do. do Aug 2,1940 Aug. 12,1940 July 18,1940 July 25,1940 Aug. 2,1940 July 18,1940 July 18,1940 3 21.0 5.0 55.2 2.2 15 7.9 18 272 Do do 3 25 5 6.2 74.7 2.1 4 8.0 8 274 Wildcat Creek, above Kokomo, Ind.. WWc 373 10 22.0 4.7 53.3 3.7 23 7.8 60 252 Do 1 do 8 27.0 3.6 44.9 5.1 9 7.9 60 264 288 Do 4 20.0 4.6 50.6 4.9 9 8.0 70 274 Kokomo Creek, above Kokomo, Ind.. Wildcat Creek, below Kokomo, Ind.. WWeK 373 22.0 7.8 87.9 3.2 3 8.1 15 231 225 WrWc 371 10 24.5 1.7 19.9 3.6 640 7.5 55 302 312 Do... do__ July 25,1940 Aug. 2,1940 Oct. 1,1940 10 27. 0 .8 9. 9 4.5 2,400 11,000 240, 000 7. 2 90 282 284 Do 8 20. 0 . 4 3.9 3. 6 7.2 90 290 Prairie Creek, below Frankfort, Ind.. WWcSfP 349. 3 16. 5 .1 .8 41.3 7.6 30 418 300 Do.... do Oct. 8,1940 Oct. 15,1940 Oct. 1,1940 4 14. 5 3.8 37. 4 11.3 15,000 9,300 75 7.6 10 264 Do do___ 4 13. 5 3.1 29.9 14.1 7.3 50 140 Wildcat Creek, miles above mouth. WWc 319. 49 17.0 13.6 139.8 3.2 8.4 23 250 256 Do _do__ Oct. 8,1940 Oct. 9,1940 Oct. 15,1940 Oct. 16,1940 Nov. 7,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Nov. 20,1940 Nov. 26,1940 Oct. 3,1940 84 16.0 8. 1 81.8 4.0 2,400 93 7.8 150 206 Do do 64 15. 5 8.8 88.1 3.3 8.0 70 202 Do do. 600 14. 5 7. 6 74.3 6.9 4,600 230 7.7 1,500 500 96 Do 400 14. 6 9.1 88. 6 3.9 7. 6 126 Do... 88 7.0 11.2 92.0 1.1 9 8.1 7 256 Do do 108 0 13.7 93.7 1.4 43 8. 1 40 259 Do. do 100 7. 6 12.0 99.9 .7 4 8.1 10 278 Do .. . do... 97 3.0 12.7 94. 4 1.6 3 8.0 17 261 Wabash River, above West Lafayette, W 313.5 603 17.0 9.2 94.6 2.0 75 8.1 27 204 252 Ind. Do... do Oct. 10,1940 Oct. 15,1940 Oct. 17,1940 Nov. 7,1940 1,040 1,800 1,030 1,000 15.5 9.6 95.4 2.6 150 8.1 45 187 Do 14. 5 9.3 90.6 5.3 75 8.1 45 199 Do 16.0 10.9 109.1 6.8 210 8.0 180 214 Do 8.0 11.2 94. 4 2. 5 460 8.1 18 228 Do Nov. H, 1940 Nov. 20,1940 Nov. 22,1940 1, 760 0 13.4 91. 5 2.1 43 8.1 65 235 Do.. \, 030 1,030 7.0 12. 2 99.8 1.1 9 8.1 22 234 Do 10.5 11.9 106.1 2.5 240 8.1 12 216 1 Less than 1. 748 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million " Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent of satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Wabash River, below West La- W 310 Oct. 3,1940 608 17.0 9.2 95.0 3.5 670 8.1 17 210 256 fayette, Ind. Do Oct. 10,1940 Oct. 15,1940 Oct. 17,1940 Nov. 7,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Nov. 20,1940 Nov. 22,1940 Oct. 3,1940 1,040 1,805 1,030 1,010 1,770 1,040 1,040 618 16.8 15.5 13.5 8.5 1.5 8.0 9.5 17.8 7.9 6.7 9.4 10.3 13.2 11.2 10.4 8.4 80.6 66.8 90.2 87.7 94.1 94.0 90.6 87.8 3.2 4.3 3.1 3.9 3.9 5.1 3.0 3.5 460 7.9 35 Do 192 Do •_ 1, 280 7.7 240 208 Do 240 7.9 85 182 Do.... . 460 8.1 18 236 Do 460 8.1 55 240 Do 1,100 8.0 20 225 W 303 210 7.9 12 220 Lafayette, Ind. 780 8.0 15 216 256 Do Oct. 10,1940 1,040 1,810 1,110 1,014 1,780 1,040 1,040 637 964 1,040 755 1,220 644 973 1,050 771 1,240 952 2,000 1,080 644 15.5 14.8 13.0 8.5 3.0 8.0 9.5 18.0 18.5 14.0 17.5 13.5 17.0 17.8 13.3 17.5 13.8 9.0 3.5 9.5 16.0 7.4 6.3 8.7 10.7 12.9 11.5 10.4 11.9 6.7 7.1 7.9 7.6 12.1 7.0 7.0 8.2 7.8 12.0 13.3 10.9 10.8 73.3 62.1 82.0 91.2 95.7 97.2 91.0 124.7 71.0 68.9 82.0 72.8 124.4 73.0 66.3 85.0 75.2 103.2 100.2 94.9 108.3 3.0 4.5 2.3 3.4 8.5 2.0 1.8 2.8 3.9 2.3 1.4 2.2 3.5 4.9 2.4 1.9 2.6 3.5 3.3 1.9 4.0 240 3,050 7.8 35 185 Do Do Oct. 17,1940 Nov. 7,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Nov. 20,1940 Nov. 22,1940 Oct. 2,1940 Oct. 7,1940 Oct. 10.1940 Oct. 14,1940 Oct. 17,1940 Oct. 2,1940 Oct. 7,1940 Oct. 10,1940 Oct. 14,1940 Oct. 17,1940 Nov. 8,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Nov. 22,1940 Oct. 2,1940 7.7 600 152 Do I, 250 430 7.8 110 179 Do 8.1 20 235 Do.... . 240 93 8.1 50 236 Do... 8.1 25 229 Wabash River, Independence, Ind__ Do W 294 240 7.9 40 227 1,100 460 93 8.2 12 211 252 Do 7.8 130 184 Do 7.7 30 185 Do... .... 43 7.9 12 208 W 2RS 240 7.7 110 177 Do 122 460 68 8.2 12 177 252 Do 7.9 150 191 Do... 7.7 30 179 Do . 68 122 7.8 25 211 Do 7.7 150 164 Do 93 93 43 8.1 20 237 Do . .. 8.1 50 231 Wabash River below Williamsport, Ind. W 28fi 7.9 12 223 93 8.1 27 189 260 Do... Oct. 7,1940 Oct. 14,1940 Nov. 8,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Nov. 22,1940 940 18.3 17.0 10.0 4.5 9.0 6.9 8.1 11.8 13.3 10.6 72.8 82.8 104.1 102.5 91.6 5.0 2.4 3.9 2.7 2.3 1, 750 195 93 93 43 7.7 280 Do . 179 Do . 954 2,000 1,090 7.8 23 213 Do.. 8.1 40 235 Do 8.1 70 233 7.9 15 230 Table W-7. Wabash River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual resvlts—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 749 Wabash River, above Covington, / W 271 Oct. 2,1940 079 14.6 10.3 100.0 3.1 13 8.1 40 182 252 Ind. Do do. Oct. 7,1940 994 17. 5 7. 3 75 9 3 8 460 7 9 Do. Oct. 14, 1940 842 17.0 9.2 94.4 2. 0 43 8 1 Wabash River, below Covington, Ind W 270 Oct. 2,1940 679 14.5 10.2 99.9 2.8 13 8.1 40 186 252 Do Oct. 7,1940 994 17.3 7.2 74. 6 4 9 670 7 9 Do do. Oct. 14,1940 842 16.5 9.1 92 0 2 ft Wabash River, Perrysville, Ind W 264. Sept. 25,1940 740 15.5 8.6 85.6 3.1 23 8. 2 15 210 Do do Oct. 2,1940 680 15.0 9 1 89 9 1 ft O 227 Do do Oct. 7,1940 994 17.0 6 8 59.6 3 9 240 7* 8 Do.... do Nov. 8,1940 1,030 8.0 12. 5 105. 5 3. 3 93 8 2 Do do Nov. 15j 1940 2,120 2.0 13 4 96 8 2 4 240 Do... . . do l' 150 8.0 11.0 92 8 1 5 43 7 9 Clem Creek, below Paxton, 111 WVMfEbCl 342... July 24,1943 Cl 35 0 5.7 80.9 11.6 910 8.0 70 418 165 Do.. do July 29, 1940 (i) 28.0 2. 4 30 3 22 5 2 100 Do do O) 23.5 3.7 43. 3 24 2 24’ 000 Do.... WVMfEbCl 339.. July 24,1940 0) 30.0 6.3 82.4 5.6 *'”43 7'. 8 200 297 142 Do do (1) 30.0 3 2 41 4 14 O 240 Do do... (!) 24.5 9.4 111 0 11 ft 240 8 3 Middle Fork Vermilion River, be- WVMf 330 July 24,1940 1 28.5 6.9 88.0 1.7 23 7.7 10 192 123 low Paxton, 111. Do do July 29,1940 1 32.0 9.1 123 0 2 9 15 Do do Aug. 1,1940 1 28.0 9.0 113 9 2 2 g Salt Fork Vermilion River, above WVSt 339 July 25’ 1940 1 28.0 7.2 90.4 1.3 no 7.9 57 258 Rantoul, 111. Do do__ July 30,1940 1 22. 5 7 1 81 4 '1 3 93 185 Do do 1 19. 5 7 8 84 6 1 7 240 Salt Fork, below Rantoul, 111.. WVSt 338.. July 25,1940 2 [29.5 3.6 [47.0 9.5 430 7 8 5 299 Do do_. July 30,1940 2 22. 0 1 ft ’ 17 n 183 Do 2 H9. 5 1.8 18 9 18 2 2’ 300 Salt Fork, 3 miles below Rantoul, 111. WVSt 336 July 25; 1940 4 Y 32.0 11.3 2 152.8 7.0 * ’930 8 4 5 305 Do Julv 30,1940 4 27 0 10 1 ~ 124 8 187 Do... 4 g 22.5 9 7 110 8 Town Branch Salt Fork, below WVStTb 339. July 25,'1940 1 25.0 5.6 66.2 5.9 L600 8.2 170 376 Chanute Field. Do 1 22 5 3 Q 44 1 170 Do.. Aug. 2,1940 1 20.5 3 6 39 9 Town Branch, 3 miles below Cha- WVStTb 337 July 25,1940 1 28.0 5.0 63.3 6^0 93 8.1 71 396 nute Field. Do 1 27 0 4 9 191 Do 1 215 e 3 71 O 17 2 West Branch Salt Fork, above WVStWb 333 July 25,1940 1 32.5 9.7 132.4 3] 1 9 8.1 5 198 81 Champaign and Urbana. Do__ 1 30 5 5 4 71 3 43 Do Aug. 2,1940 1 26 0 ft 8 70 7 West Branch Salt Fork, below WVStWb 330 July 25,1940 12 27.5 7.4 9L6 10.4 2,300 7.8 5 299 Champaign and Urbana. Do do.. July 30 1940 12 27 0 9. i 113 0 127 Do Aug. 2,1940 11 24.6 8.7 10L9 8.7 466 M 300 • Less than 1. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness parts per, million Parts per million Percent of satura- tion West Br. Salt Fork, 5 miles below W’VStWb 324 July 25,1940 12 35.0 15.4 219.4 6.1 2 8.4 5 349 149 Champaign & Urbana. Do 12 33.5 20.4 283.6 5.1 110 9.1 10 330 Do Aug. 2,1940 12 28.5 20.4 260.8 5.9 24 8.8 5 323 WVSt 277 July 26,1940 49 34.0 7.5 104.8 2.8 36 8.2 5 235 123 Do Julv 31' 1940 54 31.0 8.1 107.3 1.9 9 8.2 5 232 Do Aug. 2,1940 49 29.0 7.6 98.2 1.6 9 8.2 5 232 W VMf 311 4 29 0 5.7 73. 5 2.3 23 7.6 97 232 Hoopeston, 111. Do do_ July 29,1940 Aug. 1, 1940 3 27.5 4.7 59.1 3.2 93 7.9 86 231 159 Do 4 23.5 4.7 54.9 3.4 23 7.9 100 213 July 24,1940 July 29,1940 4 30 5 8 3 109.4 3.9 43 8.1 48 261 Hoopeston, 111. Do do. 4 26.0 5.5 66.7 3.3 240 8.1 42 290 152 Do Aug. 1, 1940 4 22.5 4.8 55.2 3.8 240 8.0 40 260 WVNTf xm July 2< 1940 5 30.5 8. 7 114.4 6.0 23 8.3 49 267 Rossville, 111. Do do_ July 29,1940 4 26.0 5.1 61.8 2.6 43 8.0 37 276 102 Do Aug. 1, i940 4 22.5 5.4 62.1 2.3 460 8.1 43 275 WVNf 278 July 26,1940 32.0 8.9 120.3 2.6 3 8.3 5 191 99 Danville, 111. Do July 29,1940 32.5 7.6 104.4 1.3 2 8.2 10 186 Do Aug. 1940 142 26.0 6.6 80.0 1.5 21 8.2 10 197 Vermilion River 1 mile below Dan- WV 273 July 26; 1940 36 31.5 4.0 54.4 9.3 46,000 8.2 10 245 181 ville, 111. Do July 31,1940 36 28.0 0 0 22.6 93,000 7.6 36 248 Do 25 27.0 4.0 50.2 8.2 9,300 8.0 5 219 Grape Creek, mile below Danville, WVGr 276 July 26| 1940 (>) 30.5 8.8 115.9 .8 110 8.2 5 155 117 111. Do July 31,1940 (l) 28.5 8.1 103.2 1.2 9 7.6 10 105 WVOr 274 July 26,1940 July 31,1940 1 32.5 7.4 101.8 .8 24 7.5 5 109 151 Do 1 27.5 9.6 119.6 2.6 93 8.2 5 155 WVGr 273 July 26,1940 July 31,1940 1 22.5 8.8 1(41.0 1.4 110 7.9 6 407 179 Do 1 20.0 9.8 107.3 1.2 29 8.0 5 405 Do 1 20.0 9.3 101.6 1.3 43 7.8 5 408 Vermilion River, \\i miles below WV 268 July 26; 1940 50 21.0 5.5 73.0 3.0 43 7.9 5 242 152 Danville, 111. Do July 31,1940 55 27.0 6.2 76.7 3.8 460 8.1 5 251 Do Aug. 6,1940 50 27.0 4.5 55.5 3.4 23 7.9 5 233 Table W—7.—Wabash River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 751 Vermilion River, li mile above mouth Vo / WV 258 Sept. 25, 1940 Oct. 2,1940 Oct. 7,1940 Nov. 8,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Nov. 22,1940 Sept. 25.1940 Oct. 2,1940 Oct. 7,1940 July 26,1940 82 14.5 7. 7 75.0 2. 7 46 7.9 10 227 82 13.5 9.5 91.0 2.2 4 8.1 5 236 169 Do 126 17.0 5.2 53.6 8.4 240 7.6 650 157 Do 100 7.0 9.6 78.7 3.8 43 7.7 2 264 Do . 90 3.5 12.1 90.9 4.7 2,400 93 7.7 35 225 Do 63 8.5 8.5 72.3 1.8 7.7 3 268 Wabash River, Cayuga, Ind __ W 256 840 15.5 7.7 76.6 2.8 9 8.1 20 202 Do 765 14.0 9.0 86.3 1.8 24 8.1 10 212 164 Do 1,120 18.0 7.0 73.4 3.0 1,100 8.0 230 183 Little Vermilion River, above Georgetown, 111. WLv 269 3 27.5 3.6 45.1 1.3 4 8.0 34 232 129 Do July 31,1940 Aug. 5,1940 July 26,1940 2 26. 5 5.0 61.7 3,0 46 8.0 34 224 Do 1 25.0 4.3 51.1 2.4 93 91 8.0 48 228 Little Vermilion River, below WLv268_ .. 3 27.5 3.7 45.7 3.0 7.9 37 235 99 Georgetown, 111. Do... July 31,1940 Aug. 5,1940 Sept. 12,1940 2 26.5 4.7 57.9 5.0 29 8. 1 39 237 Do 1 25.5 4.0 47.6 6.7 23 8.1 48 252 Prairie Creek, below Lebanon, Ind.. _ WSuPr 313 1 15.0 1.7 16.6 4.4 460 7.7 3 318 264 Do Sept. 16,1940 Sept. 23,1940 Oct. 1,1940 1 14.5 2.5 24.2 4.4 23 7.5 3 258 Do 1 19.0 2.8 29.7 7.2 150 7.6 3 300 Sugar Creek, above Crawfordsville, Ind. WSu 283 5 14.5 8.6 84.0 2.3 4 8.1 12 220 244 Do Oct. 8.1940 Oct. 15,1940 Oct. 1,1940 7 14.0 8.0 77.0 2.1 46 7.8 45 312 Do.. . 8 14. 5 8.0 77.6 1.9 23 8.0 35 208 Sugar Creek, below Crawfordsville, W Su 278 8 15.0 5.8 57.1 2.7 150 7.6 7 250 280 Ind. Do Oct. 8,1940 Oct. 15,1940 Sept. 25,1940 Oct. 2,1940 Oct. 7,1940 Nov. 8,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Nov. 22,1940 Sept. 25,1940 10 15.0 3.9 38.5 5.4 2,400 11,000 15 7.6 30 213 Do 15 15.0 2.9 29.0 7.5 7.5 45 200 Sugar Creek, miles above mouth.. Do WSu 246 28 15.0 8.5 83.7 2.8 8.0 5 205 28 12.5 9.0 83.7 .8 24 8.0 5 223 113 Do 30 17.5 7.3 75.9 1.4 93 7.7 15 194 Do 46 6.0 11.7 93.8 .8 7 8.0 2 242 Do 63 3.5 13.8 104.0 1.5 24 7.9 12 244 Do 63 10.0 11.1 98.0 1.4 24 8.0 3 250 Wabash River, above Montezuma, Ind. W 240. 943 14.0 8.4 81.5 2.3 4- 8.1 15 198 Do Oct. 2,1940 Oct. 7,1940 Nov. 8,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Nov. 22,1940 Sept. 25,1940 860 17.0 10.2 104.9 4.0 4 8.1 15 213 149 Do 1,880 1,130 1.770 18.0 8.0 84.3 1.3 9 8.1 15 202 Do 7.0 12.9 105.9 3.9 15 8.4 55 237 Do 3.0 13.6 100. 7 2.0 240 8.1 65 219 Do 1,290 28 7.5 11.5 95.5 1.4 23 8.1 20 240 Raccoon Creek, miles above mouth. WRa 239 15.0 8.3 81.6 1.7 43 7.9 10 225 Do Oct. 2,1940 Oct. 7,1940 Sept. 25,1940 Oct. 2,1940 Oct. 7,1940 Sept. 25,1940 Oct. 2,1940 Oct. 7,1940 28 12.5 9.5 88.5 .9 4 3. 1 5 233 243 Do 28 17.5 7.1 73.7 2.1 46 7.7 10 210 Wabash River, above Clinton, Ind... Do W 240 970 17.0 8.8 90.6 2.9 8 8.1 15 200 891 17.0 10.3 105.3 3.8 2 8.1 15 216 237 Do 1,910 18. 5 8.2 87.1 2.1 8 8.2 10 227 W 229 ' 971 18.0 9.1 95.7 3.9 29 8.2 15 199 Do 892 17.0 10.3 105.9 3.8 58 8.1 10 219 235 Do 1 Less than 1. 1,910 18.5 8.5 89.6 3.9 41 8.2 10 182 90035—44—pt. 2 39 752 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Parts per million Percent of satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million North Branch Brouillet’s Creek, above Chrism an, 111. WBrNb 254 July 26,1940 (■) 25.5 2.2 26.5 6.0 36 7.7 140 242 99 North Branch Brouillet’s Creek, be- WBrNb 253 July 26,1940 (>) 26.0 2.3 28.0 3.1 36 7.7 43 196 93 low Chrisman, 111. Wabash River, above Terre Haute, W 218 Sept. 26,1940 669 15.0 8.3 81.6 3.1 23 8.1 10 206 Ind. Do. Oct. 3,1940 Oct. 8,1940 Oct. 10,1940 Oct. 16,1940 Nov. 5,1940 Nov. 12,1940 Nov. 18,1940 Nov. 25,1940 Sept. 26,1940 700 1,530 1,640 1, 530 1,370 1,620 1,540 1, 250 16.5 16.5 15 5 9.0 8.0 7.7 8.0 10.3 10.9 12.9 11.2 8.7 91.5 81.0 76.2 74.1 95.1 87.7 93.4 87.8 89.3 3.9 2.1 2.0 2.9 4.7 8.3 5.4 3.6 2.3 4 46 46 240 21 43 150 8.1 8.1 7.8 7.7 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.9 8.1 10 10 15 230 15 75 20 215 205 170 162 217 218 225 226 204 197 Do do Do.__ do Do 12.0 12.0 6.0 2.0 5.0 17.0 Do do Do 232 Do do Do do Wabash River, at waterworks, Terre W 215 669 24 15 Haute, Ind. Do Oct. 3,1940 Oct. 8.1940 700 1,530 1,640 16.5 17.0 9.3 8.2 7.5 7.9 10.6 11.1 12.9 11.3 3.8 94.2 84.4 76.5 77.0 99.0 89.3 94.7 88.4 43.6 2.4 1.9 1.9 2.8 4.6 4.7 4.6 2.5 11.4 8.1 8.0 7.7 7.7 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.9 7.2 10 217 210 173 167 211 224 221 231 188 169 Do do 21 9 240 9 43 240 Do do Oct. 10,1940 Oct. 16,1940 16. 5 25 160 15 90 20 10 5 Do do 1,530 1,370 1,620 1,540 1, 250 14. 5 Do do Nov. 5,1940 Nov. 12,1940 Nov. 18,1940 Nov. 25,1940 12. 5 Do 6.0 2. 6 212 Do do Do do 6 0 Sugar Creek, 100 yards below Paris, 111 WSc 232 Aug. 12,1940 1 23.5 2,400 134 bo do.. Aug. 15,1940 Aug. 20,1940 Aug. 12,1940 Aug. 15,1940 Aug. 20,1940 Sept. 26,1940 1 24.0 20.0 24.5 25.0 19.0 16.5 2.8 3.6 2.4 2.6 1 fi 32.8 38.7 29.0 30.5 17.4 14.7 13.6 20.2 14.2 12.3 6.2 10.6 4,600 9,300 7,500 430 2,400 96,000 7.4 7.4 7.7 7.9 7.4 7.6 10 294 270 Do do 1 Sugar Creek, below Paris, 111 WSc 231 1 5 136 Do 1 zSU 306 170 207 Do do. 1 10 10 Wabash River, 254 miles below Terre W 210. 672 1.4 Haute, Ind. Do do Oct. 3,1940 705 16.0 2.1 21.4 12.3 27, 300 7.6 20 224 168 Do do... Oct. 8,1940 1. 540 16. 5 3.0 5.2 6.4 8.7 29.9 51.8 58.7 82.4 12.9 13.6 11.0 16.4 33, 970 4,030 8, 700 8, 650 7.7 7.6 7.8 8.1 20 15 20 20 216 177 188 215 Do do Oct. 10,1940 Oct. 16,1940 Nov. 5,1940 1,650 1,540 1,370 16.0 11.5 Do Do Do do 13.0 do... Nov. 12,1940 1,620 6.0 10.4 83.4 13.9 330 8.1 85 218 225 Table W—7. Wabash River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 753 Do- ). do Nov. 18,1940 1,540 2.5 1 12.8 93.7 11.5 930 8.0 25 227 Nov. 25,1940 1,250 5.0 10.4 81.6 8.7 570 7.9 15 231 Sept. 26,1940 673 16.5 1.1 11.3 8.2 35,000 7.7 10 210 Oct. 3,1940 706 16.0 1.5 15.2 9.3 18,000 7.7 10 227 Oct. 8,1940 1,540 17.0 0.8 8.7 8.2 30,500 7.7 10 214 Oct. 10,1940 1,650 16.0 3.8 37.7 9.9 5,800 7.6 15 175 Oct. 16,1940 1,540 11.5 5.5 50.5 8.4 9,300 7.7 10 192 Nov. 5,1940 1,420 14.0 7.8 75.6 12.8 4,100 8.0 20 217 Nov. 12,1940 1,640 7.0 9.8 80.3 12.5 430 8.0 75 220 Nov. 18,1940 1,620 3.0 12.4 92.0 11.0 230 8.1 25 231 Nov. 25,1940 1,320 5.0 9.6 74.7 7.2 230 7.8 15 235 Sept. 26,1940 678 19.0 2.0 21.1 5.0 4,300 7.7 10 212 Oct. 3,1940 711 18.0 3.9 40.8 2.6 750 8.1 5 224 Oct. 8,1940 1,540 18.0 1.6 16.7 5.5 360 7.6 5 211 Oct. 10,1940 1,660 17.0 2.1 21.8 6.3 2,300 7.5 5 189 Oct. 16,1940 1,540 12.0 3.2 29.7 7.8 4,300 7.6 10 194 Nov. 5,1940 1,450 14.0 7.4 71.4 9.5 1,660 8.0 20 215 Nov. 12,1940 1,660 7.0 9.5 78.3 10.5 840 8.1 75 216 Nov. 18,1940 1,670 3.0 12.1 89.8 10.3 430 8.0 20 227 Nov. 25,1940 1,370 5.0 8.6 67.6 7.5 1,340 7.7 15 239 Aug. 12,1940 (i) 24.0 3.8 44.1 26.4 240,000 7.7 25 251 Aug. 15,1940 (i) 24.5 3.6 43.1 19.1 24,000 7.8 5 278 Aug 20,1940 (i) 18.5 5.0 52.8 13.0 15,000 7.8 5 254 Sept. 27,1940 1,060 18.0 3.9 41.0 3.9 580 7.7 5 215 Oct. 4,1940 1,050 18.5 3.3 34.6 4.0 41 7.6 5 228 Oct. 9,1940 1,350 17.5 2.5 25.6 3.9 290 7.6 5 215 Oct. 11,1940 1,720 19.0 2.6 27.6 3.6 590 7.5 5 176 Oct. 17,1940 1,690 15.0 4.7 46.5 4.3 230 7.5 5 194 Nov. 6,1940 1,520 11.0 5.9 53.2 9.3 2,400 8.0 15 217 Nov. 13,1940 1,840 6.0 9.5 75.9 14.6 230 8.1 65 221 Nov. 19,1940 1,620 3.0 11.2 83.0 8.9 430 7.8 20 226 Nov. 26,1940 1,630 6.0 8.8 70.7 7.2 241 7.7 5 233 Aug. 12,1940 1,110 27.0 4.8 59.4 5.8 460 7.8 5 216 Aug. 15,1940 1,030 29.0 5.0 64.1 5.1 460 7.7 5 217 Aug. 20,1940 1,190 24.0 3.5 41.3 4.6 93 7.6 5 199 Sept. 27,1940 1,060 17.5 6.5 67.6 3.0 240 7.7 5 215 Oct. 4,1940 1,050 18.0 5.2 55.0 3.4 93 7.7 5 231 Oct. 9,1940 1,350 17.5 3.3 34.6 3.7 43 7.6 5 220 Oct. 11,1940 1,720 18.0 3.3 34.6 3.3 930 7.6 5 180 Oct. 17,1940 1,700 15.0 4.8 47.5 3.7 430 7.5 5 196 Nov. 6.1940 1,590 11.0 7.3 65.5 5.1 1,100 8.0 20 215 Nov. 13. 1940 1,043 6.0 10.1 80.8 8.2 2,400 8.0 65 214 Nov. 26,1940 1,705 6.0 9.1 72.9 4.4 91 7.7 5 235 Nov. 19,1940 1,750 4.0 11.0 83.6 6.2 230 7.8 20 226 Sept. 27.1940 1,070 17.0 7.4 76.4 3.5 15 7.9 5 216 Oct. 4,1940 1.060 18.5 6.9 72.9 3.6 43 7.7 5 229 Oct. 9,1940 1,370 17.5 4.4 45.2 3.3 43 7.6 5 223 Oct. 11,1940 1,750 19.0 5.1 54.8 2.7 43 7.6 5 205 Oct. 17,1940 1,720 15.0 1 5.5 54.4 4.6 .93 i 7.6 5 193 Wabash River, 7 miles below Terre Haute, Ind. Do W 205. 167 Do Do Do. Do Do. 222 Do Do . Wabash River, 12 miles below Terre Haute, Ind. Do W 199 225 Do Do Do Do.... Do 186 Do Do Big Creek, below Marshall, 111 WBi 198 191 Do Do Wabash River, Darwin’s Ferry W 190 Do.... 167 Do . Do Do Do.... Do 21 Do... Do Do 164 Do Do. Wabash River, Riverview Ferry .. W 182 Do 140 Do Do Do Do.. Do 195 Do Do Wabash River, Hutsonville Ferry Do W 182 182 Do Do Do 1 Less than 1. 754 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent of satura- tion Wabash River, Hutsonville Ferry do Nov. 6,1940 1,650 11.0 8.5 76.7 4.9 93 8.1 15 207 Do do Nov. 13,1940 1,850 6.0 10.1 80. 6 6.6 240 8 0 231 Do do Nov. 26,1940 1,770 6.0 8.3 66.3 4.6 930 7 7 5 284 Do do Nov. 19,1940 1,820 4.0 11.3 86.1 7.3 460 7. 8 25 221 W 165 Sept. 27,1940 1,080 17.0 7.6 77.5 3.6 15 7 9 5 217 Do do Oct. 4,1940 1,070 17.5 6.7 69. 2 3. 6 4 7 8 141 Do do Oct. 9; 1940 1,380 16.5 1.2 11.8 8.7 36 7. 6 5 227 Do do Oct. 11,1940 1, 760 18.5 5.7 60.2 4.1 150 7. 7 5 209 Do do Oct. 17,1940 1,730 15.0 7.4 73.3 2.1 9 7 8 5 195 Do do Nov. 6,1940 1,700 12.0 10.4 96.4 6. 5 no 8. 2 20 204 Do do Nov. 13,1940 1,850 6.0 11.1 88. 8 7.1 240 8 0 208 Do do Nov. 19,1940 1,890 4.0 11.6 88.2 7.9 1,100 7. 8 20 219 Do . __ . .... do Nov. 26,1940 1,830 6.0 9.2 73.7 4.2 150 7 7 5 235 LaMotte Creek, below Palestine, 111 W La 159 Sept. 3,1940 (») 21.5 3.1 34.8 13.6 150 7.6 480 132 79 Do . do Sept. 13,1940 0) 19.0 12.7 135.6 6.2 93 8 7 140 160 Sugar Creek, Yi mile below Robinson WLaSu 169 Sept. 3,1940 4 20.0 0 0 58.7 46,000 7.2 38 215 157 Do do Sept. 9,1940 4 21.0 1.6 17.8 35.2 4,300 7. 2 25 no Do ... do Sept. 13,1940 4 16.0 0 0 19. 2 24 000 7 3 20 205 Busseron Creek, 4 miles below Sulli- WBs 163 Sept. 27', 1940 2 12.5 4. 5 42.4 4.4 230 7.3 5 95 van, Ind. Do do ... Oct. 1,1940 2 15.0 5. 3 52.0 5 4 23 7 6 10 187 Do do Oct. 15; 1940 2 18.0 0 0 34.8 240 000 7. 5 20 300 W 140 Sept. 4,1940 1,640 23.0 8.0 92. 4 5. 6 21 8 1 2Q 158H Do do Sept. 10,1940 1,610 23.5 6.8 79.7 6.0 31 8. 1 15 202 Do do Sept. 16,1940 1,590 20.0 8.8 95.5 4. 6 93 8 1 20 197 Do do Sept. 18; 1940 1,560 21.0 9.1 100.9 5.0 43 8. 2 20 189 Do .. ... do Nov. 6,1940 1,870 12.0 9.9 91.4 3. 2 46 8 0 10 187 Do do Nov. 13; 1940 1,870 6.0 13.1 105.1 7.5 240 8. 2 60 221 228 Do do Nov. 19,1940 2,140 4.0 11.6 88.5 6.3 43 7 7 20 206 Do do Nov. 26,1940 2; 020 6.0 10.3 82.9 4.2- 14 7. 8 5 238 Wabash River, above Vincennes, Ind W 132 Sept. 4,1940 1,640 24.0 8.5 99.6 4.1 9 8.1 10 201 172 Do do Sept. 10,1940 1,610 23.0 7.2 82.9 4.2 2 8.1 15 195 Do. do Sept. 16,1940 1,590 20.0 8.7 95.1 4.8 4 8.1 20 198 Do do Sept. 18,1940 1,560 21.0 9.0 100.2 4.9 2 8. 2 20 190 Do.. do Nov. 7,1940 1,960 11.0 10.9 98.0 4.1 28 8.1 10 190 Do do Nov. 14,1940 2,280 5.0 13.3 104.1 7.8 68 • 8 2 60 213 222 Do do Nov. 20; 1940 2,280 6.0 11.4 91.3 6.2 41 7.8 35 208 Do do___ Nov. 27,1940 2,120 6.0 10.6 85.0 4.2 9 7.8 10 237 Table W-7.— Wabash River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 755 Wabash River, below Vincennes, Ind W 126 Sept. 4,1940 1,640 23. 5 7.4 85.7 5.2 3, 760 8.0 15 207 180 Do Sept. 10,1940 I, 610 24. 0 6 4 74 7 6 8 776 8J> Do do Sept. 16,1940 1, 590 20 0 8 1 88 8 6 9 782 R 1 Do do Sept. 18,1940 1, 560 21. 0 6. 3 70 5 8 8 3 300 8 2 Do Nov. 7,1940 1, 960 11. 0 9 3 83 8 7 5 ’ 817 8 1 10 Do ... . do Nov. \4,1940 2, 280 5. 0 13 8 108 0 9 4 543 8 3 60 Do do .. Nov. 20,1940 2,280 6. 0 11.0 87. 7 13 2 304 7 8 40 Do Nov. 27,1940 2t 120 6 0 9 3 74 6 8 9 290 7 7 West branch Scattering Fork below WEmSfWb 197 .. Aug. 9,1940 0) 22.0 0 0 32.0 46,000 7.7 15 483 Tuscola, 111. Do do _ Aug. 14,1940 (1) 24 0 2. 0 23 2 14 9 15 000 7 7 10 483 Do Aug. 19,1940 (1) 17 n 1 6 15 9 15 0 217 000 7 6 Riley Creek, below Mattoon, 111 WEmR 246 . 1 24 0 10. 9 128 0 13 8 2407 000 8 2 136 Do ' _ ___do __ 1 26.0 9. 8 118. 7 19 2 43* 000 8 1 10 350 Do Aug. 19,1940 1 18. 5 5. 0 52. 4 10 8 93 000 7.8 10 267 Town Branch, below Charleston, 111. WEmRCcTb 239. Aug. 8,1940 2 26.0 6.0 73.4 4.6 '930 7.8 5 199 149 Do do__ 2 25. 5 3. 6 43 4 10 9 2 400 7 6 5 247 Do do .. . _ ... Aug. 16,1940 2 26.0 5.0 61. 3 2 8 2 300 7 6 5 215 Cossell’s Creek, below Charleston, 111. WEmRCc 237 Aug. 8j 1940 2 29.5 15.8 204.8 3.0 21 9. 1 5 219 142 Do do___ Aug. 13,1940 2 28 0 14. 7 186 1 2. 5 93 8 8 r~ 5 268 Do Aug. 16’ 1940 2 28. 5 14 8 188 3 2 6 75 8 8 5 251 Kickapoo Creek, below Mattoon, 111. WEmRK 244 Aug. 9,1940 i 24.5 0 6 34.0 24,000 7.8 15 339 138 Do ._ 1 25 0 0 o 27 1 43 000 7 6 15 361 Do do Aug. 19,1940 i 19.0 1. 3 13.9 13 9 23,000 7. 7 10 206 Embarrass River, above Greenup, 111 WEm 212 Aug. 8| 1940 12 27.5 8.2 102.6 4.2 46 8.2 15 252 140 Do do Aug. 13,1940 12 27 0 7. 2 89. 0 3 2 24 8 1 10 263 Do do Aug. 16, 1940 12 27 0 6. 7 82. 5 5. 8 4 8 1 20 257 Embarrass River, below Greenup, 111 WEm 210 Aug. 8’ 1940 12 27.0 7.9 97.6 4.1 93 8.1 15 258 136 Do Aug. 13,1940 12 27. 5 6. 8 85. 6 3 4 9 8 1 15 267 Do do Aug. 16,1940 12 27.0 6. 5 80.0 2 4 23 8.0 20 264 Embarrass River, above Newton, WEm 189... Sept. 3,1940 31 20.0 8.0 87.0 3.2 460 8.1 70 168 143 Do Sept. 9,1940 33 21. 5 6. 5 72 5 3 4 23 7 8 25 195 Do Sept. 13,1940 30 14. 5 8.0 78.4 2. 7 46 7. 7 25 160 Embarrass River, below Newton, WEm 187 Sept. 3,1940 31 20. 0 7.7 83. 5 4. 3 240 8.1 95 162 111. Do do Sept. 9,1940 33 20.0 6. 4 69.4 5. 9 43 7. 7 85 189 Do do Sept. 13,1940 30 16.0 7. 8 78.0 3.0 15 8 0 20 204 North Fork Embarrass River, below WEmNf 205 Aug. 12,1940 0) 30.0 9.2 121.2 6.4 23 8.1 10 206 141 Martinsville, 111. Do Aug. 15,1940 (l) 30.0 9. 6 125. 6 6. 7 4 8. 2 10 218 Do Aug. 20,1940 3 20 0 5 4 58 5 4 1 240 7. 5 110 106 Town Branch, below Casey, 111 WEmNfTb 208... Aug. 12,1940 o) 24.0 1.6 18.5 25.0 46,000 7.6 10 225 96 Do do Aug. 15,1940 (i) 25.0 1.0 12.3 10.8 24, 000 7.6 5 208 Do (i) 20.0 2. 6 28.6 13.0 460,000 7.5 10 138 Dogwood Creek, below Oblong, 111... WEmD 160 Sepit. 9,1940 0) 21.0 2. 5 28.3 18.6 lb 000 7.7 25 359 Do do Sept. 13,1940 (0 13.6 5. 7 53.6 30.1 36 7.3 20 85 1 Less than 1. 756 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent of satura- tion Embarrass River, above Lawrence- WEm 134 Sept. 3,1940 64 24.0 13.4 156.6 6.1 23 8.8 68 110 116 ville, 111. Do- do Sept. 9,1940 60 25.0 8.6 103.1 4.4 9 8.0 66 173 Do do Sept. 13,1940 60 21.0 10.2 113.0 3.1 4 8.2 25 190 Embarrass River, below Lawrence- WEm 130-- Sept. 3,1940 64 25.0 7.7 91.6 30.4 150 8.0 130 106 129 ville, 111. Do.. do Sept. 9,1940 60 29.0 2.3 29.9 19.3 230 7.7 34 164 Do - _—do Sept. 13.1940 20 20.0 4.2 45.8 11.0 430 7.7 15 186 Indian Creek, below Bridgeport, 111.. WEmlc 132 Sept. 4,1940 1 26.5 9.9 121.9 11.6 460 8.6 5 629 308 Do . do Sept. 9,1940 1 25.0 9.6 114.6 7.8 230 8.5 5 578 Do. do Sept. 13,1940 1 19.5 9.6 103.2 3.5 150 8.6 5 647 Embarrass River, miles above WEm 124 Sept. 4,1940 70 26.0 8.3 101.0 7.1 460 8.0 20 120 133 mouth. Do do Sept. 9,1940 68 25.0 4.4 52.0 4.2 93 7.8 5 170 Do do Sept. 13,1940 68 20.0 5.8 62.8 4.6 23 7.9 5 181 Do do Nov. 7,1940 35 11.0 1.7 15.3 3.8 73 7.7 5 215 Do- do Nov. 14,1940 374 5.0 8.6 67.3 7.1 930 7.7 550 111 Do do Nov. 27.1940 6.0 8.1 65.1 5.6 200 7.5 30 183 Do - - do Nov. 20,1940 105 7.0 10.6 87.4 12.4 430 7.6 230 120 136 St. Francisville Ferry, Wabash W 115 Sept. 4,1940 1,710 26.0 9.6 116.8 7.8 93 8.1 15 188 176 River. Do do Sept. 10,1940 1,680 25.0 8.2 97.3 5.1 191 8.2 10 184 Do do Sept. 16,1940 1,660 21.0 9.3 103.1 6.1 181 8.1 20 201 Do do Sept. 18,1940 1,630 21.5 8.7 97.4 6.3 460 8.2 20 192 Do do Nov. 7,1940 1,940 11.5 8.4 76.6 4.0 210 7.8 5 185 Do do Nov. 14,1940 2,500 4.5 11.9 91.5 9.6 210 8.2 65 206 Do do Nov. 27,1940 2,120 6.0 10.1 80.9 7.6 218 7.8 20 236 236 Do do Nov. 20,1940 2, 350 6.0 11.3 90.7 11.5 112 7.8 55 200 Wabash River, above Mount Car- W 97 Sept. 5, 1940 2,770 25.0 8.9 105.7 5.9 25 8.2 15 185 185 mel, 111. Do do Sept. 11,1940 2.570 21.5 8.3 92.7 3.5 5 S. 1 15 179 Do do Sept. 17,1940 2,700 21.0 7.5 83.9 5.3 22 8.1 10 205 Do do Sept. 19,1940 2,700 23.5 8.4 97.1 4.8 24 8.2 15 198 Do do Nov. 8,1940 1,830 11.0 10.5 95.0 4.8 39 8.1 10 183 Do do Nov. 15,1940 2,960 3.0 12.8 95.3 8.8 191 8.2 25 192 220 Do do Nov. 22,1940 1,970 8.5 11.4 96.9 7.4 18 8.1 45 201 Do do.. Nov. 28,1940 2,040 3.5 12.4 93.0 6.5 22 8.0 25 233 West Fork White River, above Win- WWhWf 439 Aug. 15,1940 2 26.5 4.4 53.4 10.3 4 7.8 65 214 236 Chester, Ind. Do do Aug. 22,1940 1 19.0 4.3 45.6 2.3 9 .8 90 206 Do Aug. 29,1940 1 22.5 3.6 40.6 2.7 15 7.8 95 212 Table W-7.—Wabash River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 757 West Fork, White River, below Win- W WhWf 437 Aug. 15,1940 2 26.0 1.9 23.5 6.1 4,600 7.8 20 310 344 Chester, Ind. Do do Aug. 22,1940 2 19.0 2.9 30.7 8 2 46 000 8 0 17 309 Do do Aug. 29,1940 2 22.5 .7 8.5 6.1 24 000 7.6 35 246 West Fork, White River, above Mun- W WhWf 412 Aug. 21,1940 10 21.0 9.0 100.6 2.2 46 8.2 65 239 284 cie, Ind. Do do Aug. 28,1940 7 25.0 7.2 86. 2 2.8 43 8 1 40 255 Do do Sept. 5,1940 7 22.0 9.7 110.1 2 6 75 8 4 45 West Fork, White River, below Mun- WWhWf 408 Aug. 21,1940 14 19.5 0 0 59.6 1,100,000 6.1 70 112 376 cie, Ind. Do do Aug. 28,1940 7 24.0 0 0 14.0 3 600 7 3 35 225 Do do_ Sept. 5,1940 7 21.0 0 0 57 6 240 000 7. 4 95 West Fork, White River, m miles below WWhWf 405 Aug. 21,1940 14 17.5 0 0 22.8 460,000 7.1 65 236 368 Muncie, Ind. Do. do Aug. 28,1940 7 23.0 0 0 65.4 1,100,000 7 1 100 204 Do do Sept. 5,1940 7 19.5 0 0 35 4 460 000 7 3 180 312 West Fork, White River, above Ander- WWhWf 391 Aug. 21,1940 62 24.5 9.1 107.9 6.8 460 8.2 45 264 320 son, Ind. Do... do Aug. 28,1940 66 23.5 6.5 75.7 3.7 43 8 1 25 251 Do do Sept. 5,1940 54 26.5 6.8 83.5 2.6 93 8.0 35 200 West Fork, White River, below Ander- WWhWf 387 Aug. 21,1940 62 21.5 5.3 59.5 4.0 390 8.0 55 280 284 son, Ind. Do do. Aug. 28,1940 66 25.0 2.3 27.3 4.1 4, 600 7.8 35 279 Do do Sept. 5,1940 54 22.5 4.4 50.0 8.2 2,400 7 8 30 292 Pipe Creek, above Alexandria, Ind.. WWhWfPi 397.... Aug. 20,1940 4 19.5 7.5 80.8 2.7 15 7.9 55 284 292 Do do Aug. 27, 1940 20 24.0 5.3 62. 3 3. 2 24 7. 7 35 800 Do do. Sept. 4,1940 1 19.5 7.9 85.3 1. 7 24 7. 7 25 812 Mud Creek, below Summitville, Ind. WWhW f PiM u 400. Aug. 20,1940 2 18.5 2.2 23.3 34.4 11, 000 7.7 30 401 376 Do do Aug. 27,1940 2 22.5 .7 8.0 12.3 910 7. 5 18 284 Do do Sept. 4,1940 1 18.0 1.3 13.5 33. 5 4,600 7. 7 30 455 Pipe Creek, below Alexandria, Ind... WWhWfPi 388.... Aug. 20,1940 4 20.0 2.7 29.7 7.2 4,600 7.6 15 255 268 Do do Aug. 27,1940 4 24.0 1.7 19.8 6.3 30 7. 7 12 292 Do. do Sept. 4,1940 2 19.5 2.0 21.5 7.2 430 7. 7 7 880 Pipe Creek, 3J.£ miles below Alexan- WWhWfPi 388.... Aug. 20,1940 5 19.0 3.4 36.6 3.2 93 7.8 50 238 244 dria, Ind. Do do Aug. 27,1940 5 23.0 3.4 39.7 6.0 2,400 7.7 60 273 Do do._ Sept. 4,1940 2 18.5 3.9 41.2 4.0 ' 460 7.8 50 316 Duck Creek, 1 mile below Elwood, WWhWf Du 382... Aug. 20,1940 3 17.5 2.3 23.5 5.6 24,000 7.6 15 289 264 Ind. Do do Aug. 27,1940 5 22.0 0 0 22.0 24, 000 7.3 55 167 Do do. Sept. 4,1940 2 0 0 93.3 240,000 6 3 120 416 Duck Creek, 4H miles below Elwood, WWhWfDu379._. Aug. 20,1940 3 18.0 4.4 46.2 8.0 1,100 7.6 150 196 192 Ind. Do. do.. Aug. 27,1940 10 23.5 0 0 46.8 110. 000 7.7 90 380 Do... do Sept. 4,1940 4 18.0 0 0 46.5 46,000 7.7 75 415 Duck Creek, at mouth WWhWf Du 373... Aug. 20, 1940 6 19.5 4.2 45.6 4.9 240 7.9 15 347 296 Do. do Aug. 27,1940 5 24.0 5.1 59.2 3.2 23 7.7 12 208 Do do Sept. 4,1940 4 19.0 3.8 40.8 6.7 2,400 7.7 12 335 i Less than 1. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent of satura- tion West Fork, White River above WWhWf 363 Sept. 12, 1940 50 18.5 ll.fi 123.0 5.7 23 8.4 23 266 296 Noblesville, Ind. Do do Sept. 16,1940 50 18.5 11.5 121.5 5.8 9 8.1 15 256 Do . Sept. 23. 1940 50 22.0 11.9 134.4 8.1 110 8. 1 35 226 Picero Creek, below Sheridan, Ind WWhWfCi 396 Sept. 12,1940 (') 16.0 6.5 65.5 5.3 21 8.1 12 347 248 Cicero Creek, 1J4 miles below Tipton, WWhWfCi 383... Sept. 12,1940 1 18.5 13.4 141.9 7.4 2,400 8.2 7 489 340 Ind. • Do do Sept. 16,1940 1 18.0 13. 1 137.1 7.9 930 8.5 12 424 Do Sept. 23,1940 1 20.5 14.7 162.1 15.4 24,000 8. 2 30 373 West Fork, White River, below WWhWf 360 Sept. 12,1940 55 19.0 8.6 91.9 8.0 460 8.1 23 263 288 Noblesville, Ind. Do do Sept. 16,1940 55 18.5 9.6 101.4 7.5 240 8.0 18 276 Do Sept. 23,1940 55 22.0 8.7 98.9 7.4 93 7. 8 35 248 West Fork, White River, above In- WWhWf 349 Sept. 9,1940 80 22.0 6.2 70.2 5.0 9 8.0 45 228 260 dianapolis, Ind. \ Do ... . . .. Sept. 17,1940 70 17. 5 12.0 124.9 5.0 9 8.1 35 231 Do Sept. 20; 1940 60 19. 5 10.3 111. 2 6.9 24 8.0 45 217 Do do Sept. 24,1940 56 22.0 6.5 74.1 6.4 46 7.8 35 246 Do do Sept. 27,1940 78 12. 5 8.4 78.6 5.4 2 8.0 30 250 Indiana Central Canal, waterworks, WWhWfC 337.... Sept. 13', 1940 68 18.0 4.0 41.8 3.4 4 7.6 25 218 208 intake, Indianapolis. Do do Sept. 17,1940 68 19.0 6.4 68.2 2.8 4 7. 7 20 221 Do Sept. 20,1940 68 21. 5 7.9 89.0 2.9 15 7. 7 22 217 Do do Sept. 24,1940 70 22.5 4.0 45.7 1.9 46 7. 5 20 196 Do ... .. do Sept. 27,1940 75 16.5 3.3 33.5 1.6 4 7. 5 10 212 Fall Creek, below Middletown, Ind . WWhWfF 370.... Aug. 21,1940 2 17.5 2.5 26.1 4.6 11,000 7.6 15 310 284 Do... . _ __.do Aug. 28,1940 2 21.0 1.9 20.7 4. 9 11,000 7.6 3 317 Do do__ Sept. 5,1940 2 18.0 1.3 13.8 6.8 11,000 7.9 8 318 Fall Creek, above Pendleton, Ind WWhWfF 368.... Sept. 12,1940 10 17.0 12.7 130.6 1.6 4 8.4 7 238 280 Do. do Sept. 16,1940 9 18.5 12.1 127.8 1.3 4 8. 2 3 270 Do. __ .do Sept. 23,1940 7 21.5 12.1 135.9 1.7 4 8. 2 3 253 Fall Creek, below Pendleton, Ind WWhWfF 367.... Sept. 12,1940 10 18.5 7.9 83.5 2.9 1,100 8.0 8 311 280 Do ... ... .... do Sept. 16,1940 9 18.5 8.6 91.3 2.1 39 7.9 7 266 Do... .. . . ... _ do ...... ... Sept. 23,1940 7 21.5 8.1 90.7 1.6 23 7.8 3 250 Fall Creek, above Indianapolis, Ind WWhWfF 350.... Sept. 9,1940 15 20.0 6.6 71.8 1.9 24 7.9 22 270 276 Do. . .. . do Sept. 17,1940 14 15.0 8.2 80.3 1.3 4 7.8 23 264 Do.... do Sept. 20,1940 14 17.5 6.4 66.4 .1 23 7.8 18 260 Do Sept. 24,1940 14 19.5 6.8 73.2 1.0 8 7.8 17 268 Do do Sept, 27,1940 18 12.0 8.6 79.4 1. 1 46 7.8 15 248 Table W—7.—Wabash River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 759 Do WWhWfF 336 Sept. 9,1940 10 22.5 6.2 71. 1 4.3 150 7.9 25 243 264 Do Sept. 17,1940 16 17. 5 6. 4 66.7 3.0 93 7.9 35 257 Do . Sept. 20,1940 16 20. 5 8. 4 92. 2 3.5 2,400 8.1 18 255 Do Sept. 24,1940 16 22.0 6.9 78.1 3. 7 93 7.9 20 266 Do Sept. 27,1940 20 14.0 8. 3 80.0 4. 8 240 8. 1 35 236 West Fork White River, niiles WWhWf 325. Sept. 9^1940 136 28.5 2.4 30.6 3.2 1,100 7.8 8 274 304 below Indianapolis. Do Sept. 17,1940 128 25.0 6. 3 75. 2 8. 3 230 7.7 8 259 Do Sept. 20| 1940 123 2. 8 7.7 2,400 7.6 7 294 Do Sept. 24’ 1940 121 27.0 . 4 5.1 18.9 110^000 7.6 17 326 Do Sept. 27 1940 121 22. 5 2. 4 27. 2 7. 4 2,400 7.6 4 300 West Fork White River, 6 miles be- WWhWf 323 Sept. 9,1940 130 26.0 2.7 33.2 5.7 '240 7.8 8 302 312 low Indianapolis, Ind. Do Sept. 17.1940 133 24. 5 6.0 71. 2 8.3 23 7.7 3 265 Do Sept. 20,1940 139 3.3 7. 7 2, 400 7.7 7 305 Do Sept. 24,1940 129 26.0 0 0 28.3 24,000 7.6 20 346 Do Sept. 27’ 1940 126 20 0 3.6 39.5 7. 4 X, 100 7.6 3 284 Pleasant Run, 3}4 miles below WWhWf PI 325.. Sept. 13,1940 (>) 15.0 8.3 81.9 5.9 4 7.8 18 230 228 Greenwood, Ind. West Fork White River, 18 miles be- WWhWf 312 Sept. 9,1940 138 23.5 3.0 34.4 4.3 43 7.8 10 274 288 low Indianapolis. Do . Sept. 17,1940 140 21.0 4.4 49. 5 7.3 7 7.7 3 268 Do Sept. 20,1940 146 4. 2 3.6 93 7.8 5 256 Do Sept. 24', 1940 140 23.0 2.9 33.6 4.7 21 7.7 5 301 Do Sept. 27 1940 143 17. 0 5.0 51. 1 8.0 93 7.8 5 311 White Lick Creek, above Moores- WWhWfWl 311 Sept. 9,1940 2 19.5 6.6 70.7 1.3 15 7.9 8 260 256 ville, Ind. Do Sept. 17,1940 2 19.0 7. 9 84.1 1. 3 15 7.8 3 257 Do . do .... Sept. 24,1940 2 21.0 5. 1 56. 2 1.1 93 7.7 2 270 White Lick Creek, below Moores- WWhWfWl 306... Sept. 9,1940 4 21.5 8.3 92.9 1.9 9 7.9 10 270 272 ville, Ind. Do ....... Sept. 17 1940 4 18 5 9 6 101 4 1.6 2 7.9 7 260 Do Sept. 24 1940 4 21 5 7.3 82. 3 1. 4 4 7.7 8 268 West Fork White River, above WWhWf 292 Sept. 10,1940 155 21.0 10.1 111.8 4.3 2 8.2 7 256 280 Martinsville, Ind. Do.. Sept. 18,1940 155 21.0 10. 6 117. 5 3.5 8.3 7 258 Do Sept. 20,1940 157 8. 2 3.7 43 8.1 5 258 Do.. Sept. 25 1940 154 17. 5 10 5 109.1 3.3 46 8.1 3 260 Do Sept. 27,1940 150 16. 5 10. 2 103.6 7.2 43 8. 1 8 291 West Fork White River, below WWhWf 285 Sept. 10,1940 156 21.5 9.9 111. 1 5.8 2,400 8.1 7 265 280 Martinsville, Ind. Do. Sept. 18 1940 156 21 5 10 8 121 1 5.9 2,300 8.4 8 264 Do .. ... Sept. 25,1940 159 18 5 9. 2 97. 0 7.4 930 8.1 10 272 West Fork White River, 4H miles do Sept. 10,1940 158 21.5 9.7 109.1 5.3 460 8.2 8 259 272 below Martinsville, Ind. Do Sept 18, 1940 158 21 0 10. 4 115. 8 5.2 240 8.4 10 265 Do.. Sept 25, 1940 160 19 0 9 4 101. 1 7.8 24,000 8.1 12 264 West Fork White River, above Spen- WWhWf 262 Sept. 23,1940 184 23.0 9. 4 108. 3 5.7 15 8.1 15 218 cer, Ind. Do do Sept. 30,1940 181 16.0 10 2 102. 7 7.2 460 8.2 10 266 173 Do Oct. 1L1940 178 18.6 11. 5 120.3 6.1 2 8.3 15 255 1 Less than 1. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent of satura- tion West Fork White River, below Spen- WWhWf 260 Sept. 23,1940 186 23.5 11.7 136.0 6.8 93 8.1 15 206 cer. Ind. Do do Sept. 30,1940 183 16.5 12. 0 122.0 6. 0 230 8 2 5 254 167 Do do_ Oct. 14,1943 180 19.0 14.8 158.1 7.2 460 8. 2 20 230 West Fork White River, above mouth AVWhWf,236 Sept. 24,1940 186 23.0 8.0 91.9 7.5 4 7.9 15 188 of Eel River. Do . do Oct. 1,1940 178 16.0 11.1 111.6 2.3 4 8.1 10 217 166 Do do Oct. 15j 1940 194 15.0 8.8 87.0 7.8 4 8.1 15 198 Eel River, above Oreencastle, Ind ... WWhWfE 306.... Sept. 23] 1940 1 20.0 7.0 76.3 2.2 240 7.7 10 248 Do Sept. 30,1940 1 13. 5 8.8 83.6 1.7 4 7.8 5 258 193 Do do Oct. 14,1940 1 17.0 7.3 74.5 1.5 15 7.7 5 252 Eel River, below Oreencastle, Ind__. WWhWfE 300.... Sept. 23,1940 2 20.0 3.2 34.9 6.3 930 7.7 5 271 Do do Sept. 30,1940 2 13.5 5.5 52.3 3.9 140 7.7 5 260 Do do Oct. 14, 1940 1 17.0 3.1 32.2 7.5 93 7.6 5 260 Eel River, above Birch Creek WWhWE 282 Sept. 23,1940 31 23.5 8.5 98.8 1.3 29 8.2 20 235 Do do Sept. 30,1940 31 17.5 9.6 99.4 .8 24 8.1 10 222 202 Do Oct. 14, 1940 32 - 20.0 9.3 101.4 .9 4 8.0 15 231 Birch Creek, below Brazil, Ind WWhWfE Bi 273.. Sept. 23,1940 1 22.0 3.5 40.0 6.9 4,600 7.7 20 311 Do do__ Sept. 30.1940 1 18.5 4.4 46.4 8.6 46,000 7.8 25 344 231 Do . Oct. 14,1940 1 20.5 4.2 46.5 6.4 230 7.8 10 340 Eel River, below mouth Birch Creeks WWhWfE 257... Sept. 23,1940 9 22.5 7.2 82.5 2.0 24 7.8 20 231 Do Sept. 30,1940 10 16.0 9.0 90.9 2.1 9 7.8 10 205 199 Do do Oct. 14; 1940 10 21.0 7.3 81. 4 .9 1 7.8 20 234 Howesville Ditch, below Jasonville, WWhWfEHd 250 Oct. 1,1940 12.0 11.6 106.7 1.8 23 7.8 5 134 554 Ind. Do do. Oct. 15,1940 1 13. 0 8.4 78.9 4.4 240 7.2 5 - 72 Eel River, at mouth, Worthington, WWhWfE 236.... Sept. 24, 1940 32 23.0 6.8 78.8 2.9 4 8.0 100 242 Ind. Do.. do Oct. 1,1940 32 16.5 8.8 88.9 1.2 8 8.0 25 226 207 Do do_ Oct. 15,1940 32 16.0 7.4 74.6 1.4 9 8.0 100 243 West Fork White River, 3}4 miles be- WWhWf 232 Sept. 24,1940 307 23.0 7.1 82.0 5.7 93 7.9 46 196 low Eel River. Ik Do do__ Oct. 1,1940 213 15.5 9.5 94.7 5.6 9 8.1 20 218 224 Do..: do__ Oct. 15.1940 241 14.0 8.3 79.7 6.6 21 8.1 20 204 West Fork White River Bridge on do. Oct. 23,1940 214 16.0 9.4 94.3 3.9 2 8.1 25 216 234 Indiana Route 58. Do Oct. 28,1940 214 18.0 8. 2 85.5 3.8 4 8.1 20 229 Do Oct. 31,1940 252 15.0 8.7 86.1 3.8 1 8.1 20 229 Beehunter Ditch, below Linton, Ind. WWhWfBlBd202. Sept. 24,1940 1 21.5 7.0 78.3 3.9 240 8.1 20 434 Do do__ Oct. 1,1940 1 16.5 10.3 104. 6 4.6 430 8.2 5 272 223 Do do Oct. 15,1940 1 17.0 3.8 39.0 16.0 24,000 7.5 20 137 % Table W-7.—Wabash River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 761 Black Creek, above Marco, Ind WWhWfBl 196 Sept. 24,1940 3 22. 5 6. 4 72.7 1.2 7 '7.7 10 196 Do . . Oct 1 1Q40 394 Do Oct! 15! 1940 $ 17 0 10 8 1111 3 4 Indian Creek, below Bicknell, Ind... WWhWfl 170 Oct. 23,1940 2 19.0 7.5 8o!o 1.1 2 7.7 5 233 246 Do Oct. 28,1940 2 17 0 6 Q 70 6 2 3 15 Do.. Oct. 31,1940 2 11 O 8 6 77 3 West Fork White River above WWhWf 162 Oct. 23,1940 324 20.0 9.8 107! 3 3.3 9 8.1 25 223 242 Prairie Creek. Do Oct. 28,1940 390 IQ O 8 8 3 3 Do Oct. 31,1940 324 15 O 9 5 Q3 4 3 3 1 West Fork White River, below WWhWf 160 Oct. 23,1940 330 18.0 9.7 101.6 4.8 240 8.1 25 220 208 Washington, Ind. Do Oct 28,1040 320 IQ 0 8 Q Q5 6 Q 3 Do Oct. 31,1940 330 16 O Q 4 Q4 6 5 2 430 Big Blue River, above New Castle, WWhEfDwBl 420 Aug. 21,1940 4 16.0 10.4 104.8 1.2 24 7.8 5 331 356 Ind. Do._. Aug 28 1040 4 IQ 5 8 3 8Q 6 1 2 Do . Sept. 5,1040 4 17 O Q 2 Q4 Q ' 7 110 Big Blue River, below New Castle, WWhEfDwBl 415 Aug. 21 1940 8 18.0 2.0 20.5 5! 6 1,100 7! 3 65 290 344 Ind. Do Aug 26, 1940 8 21 0 0 0 2 8 23 6 8 110 1Q4 Do Sept. 5, 1940 14 24 O 1 7 IQ 7 2 8 240 Big Blue River, above Knightstown, WWhEfDwBl-406 Sept. 11, 1940 22 15.5 11:9 118.8 2.4 43 8.1 10 281 344 Ind. Do Sept. 19,1940 21 IQ 0 11 7 124 8 1 4 23 8 1 Do Sept. 26 1040 24 12 5 10 0 Q3 4 1 Q 5 Big Blue River, below Knightstown, WWhEfDwBl-403 Sept. 11, 1940 22 15.0 11.4 112! 3 4.1 1,100 8.2 5 281 320 Ind. Do Sept. 19, 1940 21 18 5 10 5 111 1 1 2 240 8 1 2 Do Sept. 26, 1940 24 11 5 7 5 68 8 7 5 1 100 7 7 3 Big Blue River, above Carthage, WWhEfDwBl-399 Sept, ll! 1940 24 16.0 8.9 89.1 1.6 1,100 8!o 5 271 292 Do.. Sept. 19,1940 22 17 5 7 3 75 8 1 6 3Q0 7 Q 3 244 Do Sept. 26,1940 25 12 0 7 8 72 0 2 1 240 1 8 3 266 Big Blue River, below Carthage, Ind. W WhEfDwBl-398 Sept. 11,1940 24 16.0 6.2 62.1 4.8 93 7.9 12 289 316 Do Sept. 19,1940 22 19 0 4 7 50 5 5 9 240 7 8 8 2Q5 Do Sept. 26 1940 25 13 0 5 6 53 0 8 2 460 7 8 35 Big Blue River, 8!) 9.5 7.8 68.2 1.5 23 7.7 5 204 Oct. 24,1940 1 14.0 6.7 64.7 1.4 24 8 1 3 254 Oct. 29,1940 1 15.0 4.4 43.2 2.0 9 7 8 2 286 Oct. 22,1940 170 15.0 11.3 110.9 2.5 43 8.1 18 266 Oct. 25,1940 176 17.5 9.7 100.2 2.0 15 8 0 12 260 Oct. 30,1940 170 16.5 8.6 87.0 1.8 43 8 0 17 258 Oct. 22,1940 175 16.5 12.4 125.9 2.5 93 8.1 5 259 Oct. 25,1940 178 18.5 10.3 109.4 2.4 240 8 1 3 257 Oct. 30,1940 175 16.5 9.6 97.5 2.4 460 8.0 5 254 Oct. 22,1940 185 15.5 8.9 88.6 7.0 1,100 7.9 3 259 Oct. 25,1940 189 18.0 7.1 74.1 4.4 1,100 7 8 3 253 Oct. 30,1940 185 15.5 7.8 77.2 2.9 11,000 7.9 3 255 Oct. 23,1940 (') 12.5 6.4 59.3 1.4 4 7.5 10 168 Oct. 28,1940 (i) 15.0 5.3 52.2 2.5 1 7 5 a 1 a? Oct. 31,1940 (i) 11.5 5.3 48.4 2.1 0) 7 5 13 158 Oct. 23,1940 4 13.5 0 0 210 1,500 6.9 220 276 Oct. 28,1940 5 14.0 0 0 154 230 7.1 80 302 Oct. 31,1940 5 11.0 0 0 195 430 7.0 80 316 Oct. 23,1940 1 13.0 8.5 79.8 1.7 15 7.7 5 174 Oct. 28,1940 1 14.5 6.5 63.4 2.0 9 7 5 5 184 Oct. 31,1940 1 9.5 8.3 72.4 1.7 9 7.6 3 182 Oct. 23,1940 6 16.0 3.0 29.7 2.1 4 7 6 25 207 Oct. 28,1940 7 15.5 3.3 32.9 3.2 (0 7 6 5 214 Oct. 31,1940 6 14.5 . 2 1.9 8.1 1 75 15 oon Oct. 23,1940 199 16.0 8.8 88.1 3.8 23 7.9 10 265 Oct. 28,1940 200 17.0 7.0 71.9 2.2 23 7 8 3 266 Oct. 31,1940 200 13.5 8.9 85.2 1.6 4 7 9 3 057 Oct. 22,1940 231 13.0 9.2 86.8 1.7 4 7.9 3 259 Oct. 25,1940 231 18.0 8.5 88.7 1.2 4 8 0 3 250 Oct. 30,1940 231 15.5 8.4 83.9 1.2 (') 8.1 3 254 268 Do Driftwood River, below Columbus, Ind. Do \V WhEf Dw-338 _ _ 276 Do . _ _do- Driftwood River, 10 miles below Columbus, Ind. Do WWhEfDw-326 __ 272 Do do- Sand Creek, below Grecnsburg, Ind._ Do WWhEfSa-370 ___do 216 Do ..... ___ do ___ East fork White River above Sey- mour, Ind. Do. . . WWhEf-314. 252 Do. . do East fork White River below Sey- mour, Ind. Do. .. WWhEf 307 252 do Do East fork White River, 13 miles be- low Seymour, Ind. Do .. WWhEf-296 252 __ __do Do WWhEf Mu V-333. do 156 Do. . Do do Muscatatuck River, below Vernon fork. Do... WWhEf Mu-297 __ do 180 Do ___do WWhEfMuVSd- 295. .. ..do... 156 Do Do. . __do Muscatatuck River above mouth Do WWhEfMu-282. _ do 180 Do East fork White River below Musca- tatuck. Do WWhEf 272 244 do. Do East forkWhite River above Guthrie, Ind. * Do WWhEf 251 256 do. Do do 1 Less than 1. 764 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent of satura- tion Clear ’ Creek, below Bloomington, WWhEfScCl-274. Oct. 22,1940 3 12.0 6.7 61.8 11.1 11,000 7.6 7 183 184 Ind. Do do_ Oct. 25,1940 4 15.5 3.3 32.8 16.1 2, 400 7. 2 45 136 Do do_ Oct. 30,1943 3 12.0 2.9 26.6 23.4 46,000 7.2 210 200 Salt Creek at mouth, above New WWhEfSc-244 Oct. 22,1940 4 13.0 2.9 27.5 2.5 240 7.6 5 170 156 Bedford, Ind. Do do Oct. 25.1940 4 15.0 3.2 31.3 1.7 150 7. 5 3 150 Do __ do Oct. 30,1940 5 14.0 1.8 17.1 1.4 1,500 7.3 3 160 WWhEf 238. Oct. 22,1940 262 13.3 9.0 85.4 2.1 19 8.0 10 256 240 ford, Ind. Do do Oct. 25,1940 262 15.5 8.7 86.4 1.8 12 7.9 5 249 Do do_ Oct. 30,1940 262 15.3 7.2 71.4 1.8 6 7.9 10 250 East fork White River, above shoals. WWhEf 207 Oct. 21,1940 202 16.0 10.3 103.7 2.6 1 8.2 5 214 Do ' - do Oct. 24,1940 284 19.0 10.2 108.9 2.3 2 8.1 5 221 210 Do do Oct. 29,1940 329 17.0 8.7 89.5 2.0 2 8.1 10 219 East fork White River, Hindustan WWhEf 189 Oct. 21,1940 207 16.0 10.1 101.3 1.9 2 8.2 5 207 Falls. Do do__ Oct. 24,1940 295 19.0 10.2 108.7 1.8 (') 8.2 5 219 197 Do do Oct. 29,1940 347 18.0 8.4 87.6 1.9 1 8.1 10 215 Lick Creek, below Paoli, Ind. WWhEfLoLi-231. Oct. 21,1940 2 12.0 4.6 42.5 5.2 23 7.6 15 250 Do ' 1 do Oct. 24,1940 2 15.5 2.4 24.4 9.2 15 7.5 5 250 178 Do - - do: Oct. 29,1940 1 16.0 2.0 20.5 5.2 93 7.5 25 242 Lost River, above West Baden, Ind.. WWhEfLo-217 Oct. 21,1940 6 11.0 7.1 64.1 1.1 4 7.7 5 236 Do . do Oct. 24, 1940 6 15.0 6.2 61. 1 1.3 15 7.7 5 236 225 Do do Oct. 29,1940 6 15.0 4.1 40.0 2.2 4 7.5 5 239 Lost River, below West Baden, Ind.. WWhEfLo-216 Oct. 21,1940 7 12.0 0 0 6.4 4, 300 7.4 5 244 Do do Oct. 24,1940 7 16.0 0 0 11.5 24, 000 7.4 5 240 221 Do do Oct. 29,1940 7 17.0 0 0 12.2 9,300 7.2 10 248 WWhEf 148 Oct. 22,1940 300 15.0 9.7 95.8 1.5 1 8.1 10 218 Do do Oct. 28,1940 297 17.5 8.1 84.0 1.5 1 7.9 15 220 222 Do . Oct. 31,1940 290 13.0 8.4 78.9 1.3 2 8.0 20 226 WWh 143 Oct. 22,1940 642 15.0 9.8 96.4 2.4 24 8.0 15 216 and west fork junction. Do do Oct. 28,1940 626 18.0 7.9 82.4 2.0 2 8. 1 20 218 230 Do . do Oct. 31,1940 596 14.0 8.7 83.5 2.5 4 8.0 25 221 WWhPr 143 Oct. 22,1940 1 15.0 7.2 70.9 13.4 930 7.7 700 241 Do . . - do Oct. 28,1940 2 19.0 8.8 93.7 4.3 4 7.8 25 213 230 Do do Oct. 31,1940 1 9.0 8.6 74.2 13.0 16 7.8 10 274 WWh 99 Sept. 5,1940 1,020 25.0 8.0 96.1 3.8 9 8.1 25 176 183 Do... Sept. 11,1940 850 20.0 7.7 84.2 3.1 3 8.1 25 192 Table W-7.—Wabash River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 765 T>0 Sept. 17,1940 1,000 20.5 8.2 90.5 4.0 2 8.1 20 1 188 Do - do Oct. 23,1940 Oct. 25,1940 Oct. 30,1940 650 15.0 9.4 92.1 3.8 1 8.1 20 | 224 210 f)n 634 18.0 9.4 99.1 4. 4 1 8.1 20 228 Do 604 17.0 8.5 87.7 3.5 1 8.0 25 228 Dn Nov. 8,1940 720 10.0 11.1 98.0 3.9 3 8.2 10 217 Do Nov. 15,1940 990 4.0 13.2 100.5 5.7 6 8.2 10 199 207 Do do Nov. 28,1940 Nov. 22,1940 1,090 3.5 13.1 98.3 3. 2 5.8 10 8.1 8.2 30 220 Do 905 9.0 13.4 115.9 4 WPk 1R2 Oct. 21,1940 Oct. 24,1940 Oct. 29,1940 Oct. 21,1940 (') (') 12.0 2.8 26.2 4.0 36 7.0 15 81 Do 16.5 4.2 42.1 4.3 6.9 10 83 88 (') 2 16.0 1.2 11.7 5.0 6.8 15 84 Patoka River, below Huntingburg, Ind. Do WPk 173 10.0 3.4 30.2 5.0 23 7.2 20 96 do Oct. 24,1940 Oct. 29,1940 2 15.0 5.3 52.2 4.2 23 7.1 10 109 83 Do - .. . do 2 16.0 3.0 30.6 5. 8 6.9 15 117 15 Patoka River, above Winslow, Ind_. Do WPk 144 Oct. 22,1940 2 13.0 7.8 73.6 1.8 6.8 10 44 75 64 do Oct. 25,1940 Oct. 30,1940 1 16.0 5.7 57.1 3.0 6.8 5 50 52 Do .... do 1 12.0 4.3 39.5 5.9 43 6. 8 South Fork Ditch, above Oakland City. WPkSf-137 Oct. 22,1940 Oct. 25,1940 1 12.5 8.2 76.4 / *}•» } 0) 3.4 5 l Lb f 2 2.5 do 1 20.0 6.3 68.9 } 0) 3.4 5 1,540 \ 0.6 f «3.0 Do do Oct. 30,1940 2 11.0 7.6 68.6 } (1) 3.4 5 l I- 3 / 21.4 Patoka River, above Patoka, Ind Do WPk 112 Oct. 23,1940 4 13.5 8.2 78.1 } (') 4.7 5 436 \ 0.8 / 2 2.0 Oct. 25,1940 4 19.0 7.8 83.4 } (l) 4.7 10 l LI 1.8 1.5 1.3 2.3 9 Do . - do_ Oct. 30,1940 4 12.0 7.8 71.8 2 6.8 25 180 81 9 43 WPk 96 Sept. 11,1940 Sept. 17,1940 31 17.0 7.4 76.4 7.4 15 25 Do do 34 19.0 7.3 78.5 6. 5 43 179 146 Do. do Sept. 19,1940 Nov. 8,1940 Nov. 15,1940 28 21.0 9.0 3.5 7.7 9.6 10.9 85.2 82.5 82.0 4 4 7.0 7.6 5 5 Do f 1.5 i 2 2.1 f 1.2 \ 22.4 1.8 } 0) 4.5 5 448 Do Nov. 28,1940 Nov. 22,1940 Sept. 5,1940 Sept. 11,1940 4.0 10.9 83.0 * 4.4 5 34 9.0 10.1 87.3 9 6.5 5 41 Wabash River, below Mt. Carmel, 111. W 93 1,720 1,690 26.0 8.1 98.3 5.8 97 8.0 20 176 193 do 21.5 7.0 78.8 5.0 316 8.1 20 185 196 199 190 204 207 225 235 224 Do do Sept. 17,1940 1,670 21.0 7.5 83.8 4.0 86 8.1 Do... do. Sept. 19,1940 1,640 22.5 7.8 88.8 3.9 20 8.1 8.1 Do do Nov. 8,1940 2, 540 11.0 10. 5 95.1 97.2 5.9 8.3 16 89 20 22 Do. do. Nov. 15,1940 3,930 3.0 13.1 8. 2 Do do Nov. 22,1940 2,860 8.5 12.8 108.8 6.1 23 8. 2 20 5 15 Do . do..., Nov. 28,1940 3,110 3.5 12.7 95. 6 64.7 77.4 6. 8 13.0 12.8 85 240 240 7.7 7.5 436 McCarty Ditch, below Princeton, Ind W Cby Mcd-96 do Oct. 23,1940 Oct. 25,1940 2 14.0 20.0 6.7 7.1 10 248 Do do... Oct. 30,1940 2 12.0 7.1 65. 2 13.0 2,400 » Less than 1, * Neutralized and seeded. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent of satura- tion Wabash River, Hovey Ferry, Ind _ __ W 62 ... Sept. 5,1940 3,000 25.0 7. 6 90.8 4.5 12 8.2 15 195 181 Do do Sept. 6, 1940 2,950 25. 5 7 3 87 7 Do... Sept. 12,1940 2,850 20. 5 7. 8 85 8 3 7 5 8 1 15 Do do Sept. 19,1940 2, 700 22 5 7 7 87 Q Wabash River, below New Harmony, W 51 Sept. 5,1940 3,010 25.0 6.9 82.3 5! 1 5 8.1 10 202 168 Ind. Do . do Sept. 6,1940 2,960 24.5 7.0 82 fi 4 4 9 8 O 15 Do do Sept. 12,1940 2,860 20. 5 8 0 87 6 Do do Sept. 19'1940 2, 710 23.0 7 4 85 6 5 5 8 0 Do do 2, 540 11.0 9 4 85 2 6 7 13 8 1 10 Do do Nov. 15'1940 3 930 2 0 12 8 213 Do do Nov. 28,1940 3,110 3.0 12 3 91 2 Do do 2,860 8. 5 12. 3 104 9 8 6 12 8 4 Branch Little Wabash Creek, below WLWBr 228 Aug. 9,1940 1 24.0 1.7 20.2 39.0 46,000 7.9 25 301 139 Mattoon, 111. Do do Aug. 14,1940 1 26.0 2 4 28 7 93 OOO Do do Aug. 19,1940 1 19.0 3 6 38 1 10 9 7 7 Lake Mattoon, below Mattoon, 111 _ . WLw 225 Aug. 9,1940 26.0 8.2 100.0 2.7 2 8.7 5 113 Do do Aug. 14,1940 27.0 7.9 98 1 1 6 4 8 6 Do do Aug. 19,1940 23. 5 5 8 67 4 3 O 4 8 0 Big Creek, below Altamont, 111 _ WLwBg 194.. Aug. 8,1940 0) 23. 5 4 8 56 4 9 8 150 Do do Aug. 13' 1940 0) 23. 5 7 0 81 2 10 O 9 300 Do do Aug. 16' 1940 (') 28.0 2 9 36 7 11 4 2 400 7 4 Salt Creek, above Effingham, 111 WLwSa 194 . _ 0) 23. 5 3 7 43 0 3 3 147 Do do .. Aug. 13^1940 (0 1 24. 5 2 3 27 0 2 9 93 7 8 Salt Creek, below Effingham, 111. ... WLwSa 192 . 24. 5 4 9 58 O 132 Do do Aug. 13,1940 1 24.0 4 3 49 9 91 Do do. Aug. 16^1940 1 26.0 5 2 63 9 2 9 930 7 6 Fox River, above Olney, 111 WLwFx 132. Aug. 30,1940 24.5 7.5 88.4 5.1 23 7’1 10 68 Do Sept. 6,1940 25.0 6 5 77 3 4 4 66 Do do Sept. 12,1940 19.0 5. 8 62 0 4 9 24 7 2 Fox River, below Olney, 111 . WLwFx 130 Aug. 30,1940 2 24.0 1.5 17.6 11.9 46 000 7 5 10 *>18 Do . Sept. 6,1940 2 25 0 0 1 73 O 100 Do do Sept. 12,1940 2 17. 5 3 8 39 0 6 0 430 Seminary Creek, below Flora, 111 WLwElSy 120.... Aug. 30,1940 (>) 22.0 2.3 25.0 14.7 430 7.5 5 221 Do Sept. 6,1940 (if 20 5 1 ] 11 6 206 Do Sept. 12’ 1940 (!) 16. 0 4. 6 46 2 4 6 360 7 8 Pond Creek, below Fairfield, 111 WLwPo 93 Aug. 30,1940 1 23.5 2.2 25.1 5.5 230 7.5 5 192 Do Sept. 6,1940 1 22 5 7 9 90 7 Do.... Sept. 12,1940 1 17.6 4. 5 46.2 7.4 2,400 7. 6 5 181 Table W—7.— W abash River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 767 Butler Creek, below Albion, 111 WLwBu 81 Aug. 30,1940 (') 22.5 4.4 50.9 24.0 2,300 7.7 5 347 Do Sept. 0,1940 (0 20. 5 4 9 53.7 22 2 2 30ft 7 7 147 Do do.. Sept. 12,1940 14.0 6.3 60.4 7.7 4 600 7. 7 5 411 Little Wabash River, above Carmi, AVLw 43 Aug. 23,1940 42 24.0 5.7 60.0 2.2 120 7.6 5 175 113 Do do._ Aug. 20,1940 40 24. 5 4. 8 56.8 2.0 9 7 6 10 Do do Aug. 27| 1940 35 26.0 0.8 83.0 2. 3 2 7. 7 10 Little Wabash River, below Carmi, WLw 41 Aug. 23i 1940 42 24.5 7.5 89.2 3.9 430 8.1 5 167 107 bo do 40 25.0 4. 9 58. 2 5.3 91 7. 7 5 183 Do do Aug. 27,1940 35 26.5 0.5 80.3 2.2 2, 400 7.8 5 97 Wabash River, at mouth W 0.5. Sept. 9,1940 2,780 25.0 7.3 87.0 2.5 2 8. 2 70 191 Do do Sept. 11,1940 3,060 20.5 8. 0 94.9 2.6 2 8 2 50 2ftQ Do.... Sept. 13,1940 3,370 21.0 8. 8 98.0 2. 4 2 8 3 49 170 Do.. do Sept. 17; 1940 2; 780 23.0 8.7 100. 6 2.4 2 8 3 50 198 Do do Nov. 4,1940 3,010 15.5 9.8 97.5 2.4 5 8.3 18 207 Do _ Nov. 6i 1940 3; 010 12.5 10.3 96.3 2. 9 4 8 2 2ft 150 Do.... do Feb. 25i 1941 5,890 3.5 14.1 106.0 3.7 (i) 8.1 20 203 Do Feb. 27; 1941 0,280 .5 14.3 99.2 2.9 1 8.1 12 202 196 1 Less than 1. 90035—44—pt. 2 40 CUMBERLAND RIVER BASIN 769 CONTENTS Page Contents 771 Syllabus and conclusions 773 Description 774 Presentation of field data 775 Presentation of laboratory data 778 Hydrometric data 781 Discussion 783 LIST OF TABLES C—1. Cost estimates of remedial measures 774 C-2. Surface water supplies 776 C-3. Sources of pollution 776 C-4. Industrial wastes 1 777 C-5. Selected laboratory data 778 C-6. Monthly mean summer flows 781 C-7. Summary of laboratory data 785 LIST OF FIGURES C—1. Map—Sources of Pollution 773 C-2. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 776 C-3. Map—Coliform results 780 C-4. Map—Dissolved oxygen results : 780 C-5. Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results 780 C-6. Chart—Summer low-flow frequency curve 782 771 Fig. C-l FIG. C - I LEGEND Aroas of Circles Proportionol to Population Equivalent of Wait** Di*eh°r«*) 7.5 5 89 71 Do Feb. 6,1941 Feb. 10,1941 Feb. 4,1941 134 8.0 11.4 95.7 .7 « 2 7.5 5 88 Do do 128 6.0 11.9 95.4 2.5 7.5 5 95 Calfkiller River, below Sparta, Tenn. CCfCa 394 160 7.0 11.2 91.7 1.6 930 7.5 5 83 66 Do Feb. 6,1941 Feb. 10,1941 Feb. 3,1941 143 8.0 11. 2 94. 7 1.7 930 7. 5 10 88 Do __ . do 100 6.0 11.6 92.9 5.8 930 7.5 5 79 Barren Fork River, water works CCfBaf 393 84 7.0 10.8 88.4 3.5 1 7.4 10 78 60 above McMinnville. Do do _ Feb. 5,1941 Feb. 7,1941 Feb. 3,1941 169 7.0 11.5 94.8 2.0 0) 1 7.5 10 89 Do do 81 5.5 11.3 89.6 1.7 7.4 5 92 Barren Fork River, dam below Me- CCfBaf 392 83 7.0 11.6 95.6 3.8 43 7.5 10 76 55 Minnville, Tenn. Do do Feb. 5,1941 Feb. 7,1941 Feb. 4,1941 169 7.5 11.9 99.0 2.0 43 7.6 10 114 Do 81 5.5 11.8 93.2 2.3 14 7.4 5 94 Falling Water River, above Cooke- CCfFw 358... 25 5.0 11.5 89.8 1.6 1 7.5 5 109 81 ville, Tenn. Do do Feb. 6,1941 Feb. 10,1941 Feb. 6,1941 26 7.0 11.4 93.7 1.0 1 7.5 10 120 Do 21 3.0 12.0 89.2 2.3 (') 230 7.5 6 103 Pigeon Roost Creek, below Cooke- ville, Tenn. CCfFwP 362 7 10.0 7.8 68.7 6.1 7.5 10 122 Do .do .. .. Feb. 10,1941 Feb. 4,1941 7 7. 5 7.4 61.7 12.5 150 7.4 5 112 Falling Water River, below Cooke- CCfFw 356... 38 5.0 11.3 88.4 1.5 4 7.5 5 110 81 ville, Tenn. Do do.. Feb. 6,1941 Feb. 10,1941 Jan. 22,1941 37 7.0 10.9 89.6 .6 4 7.5 10 118 Do do___ 35 3.5 11.4 85.7 3.3 9 7.5 5 105 Barton Creek, above Lebanon, Tenn. CB 261 4 11.0 8.2 73.8 6.4 930 7.4 10 188 170 Do do. Jan. 24,1941 Jan. 28,1941 Jan. 30,1941 82 13.0 8.2 77.0 2.1 150 7.3 200 185 Do 8 8.0 8.9 75.3 1.2 36 7.4 5 200 Do - 4 9.0 9.5 81.6 1.5 23 7.5 5 194 Table C—7.—Cumberland River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 791 Barton'Creek, below Lebanon, Tenn. CB 259 Jan. 22,1941 4 9.0 11.6 100.4 6.9 (») 7.6 6 204 151 Do_ Jan. 24,1941 258 10. 0 7. 0 62.0 16 7 430 7 4 550 119 Do. Jan. 28’ 1941 18 6 5 7. 3 59 3 6 2 930 7 5 Do do. Jan. 30,1941 10 7. 0 8. 0 65 7 3 7 36 7 5 North Fork Station, Camp Creek CScNf 240. Jan. 22' 1941 1 11.0 4.7 42.2 37.4 1,500 7.4 15 228 191 below Gallatin, Tenn. Do _ _ Jan. 24,1941 55 8. 0 10.4 88. 0 12 8 930 7 3 440 74 North Fork Station, Camp Creek, CScNf 240 Jan. 28,1941 10 7.0 11.2 91.7 4.1 36 7.5 10 159 below Gallatin, Tenn. Do... do Jan. 30,1941 10 6.0 11.3 90.4 5.0 23 7 6 15 165 West Fork, Stone River, above CStWf 271 Feb. 3; 1941 19 7.0 11.9 97.6 8.7 4 7.7 5 136 134 Woodbury, Tenn. Do do Feb. 5,1941 16 8 0 12 5 105 5 1. 7 2 7 9 5 Do ...do Feb. 7,1941 14 6.0 12.1 97.3 2. 2 9 7.8 63 144 West Fork, Stone River, below CStWf 269 Feb. 3; 1941 19 8.0 10.9 91.8 5.7 93 7.6 10 139 140 Woodbury, Tenn. Do __ ..do Feb. 5,1941 16 8 0 11.5 96 7 8. 4 2 400 7 4 10 Do do Feb. 7,1941 14 7.0 10.6 87.4 7.9 9 7.6 10 158 West Fork, Stone River, above CStWf 252 Jan. 22; 1941 22 9.5 12.2 106.5 3.8 2 7.9 5 166 125 Murfreesboro, Tenn. Do do Jan. 24,1941 220 10.0 10.3 90. 9 4 7 24 7. 7 40 Do do Jan. 28,1941 160 5.0 11.6 90. 9 3.5 24 7.7 45 180 Do do._ Jan. 30,1941 90 6.0 12.5 100 3 3.9 23 8 1 20 West Fork, Stone River, below CStWf 248 Jan. 22,1941 27 7.5 12.6 105.2 4.9 2 7.8 5 164 129 Murfreesboro, Tenn. Do.-.- do Jan. 24,1941 250 10.0 11.9 105. 4 3 2 4 8 0 5 Do ._ __do Jan. 28,1941 170 6 0 117 93. 9 3.2 110 7 7 Do do Jan. 30^1941 54 6.0 12. 6 101.0 2.3 9 8 1 15 Mill Creek, Yi mile below Nashville, CM 197.. Jan. 23,1941 6 9.0 11.7 100.6 5.0 460 7.9 5 155 149 State Hospital. Do do Jan. 27,1941 30 7 0 11. 5 94.8 2 0 930 8 0 15 Do Jan. 29| 1941 30 4.0 12.9 98.2 1.5 1,500 8 0 5 Do - do Jan. 31,1941 22 6. 0 13.4 107.4 2.7 240 8 1 Harpeth River, above Franklin, CHr 223 Jan. 23; 1941 19 9.0 11.7 ioi.1 4.7 1 8.1 5 161 131 Tenn. Do do Jan. 27,1941 158 8.0 10.8 91.2 4 3 24 7 9 45 Do—. do Jan. 29j 1941 101 4.0 12.2 93.1 .9 2 7. 9 20 Do do Jan. 31,1941 57 7.0 12. 3 101.2 3.1 1 8 0 10 Harpeth River, below Franklin, CHr 221 Jan. 22,1941 27 9.0 11.1 95.9 7.0 1,100 7.9 5 171 131 Do Jan. 27,1941 206 8.0 10.7 90.5 3.5 430 7.8 41 158 Do .... do Jan. 29,1941 199 4.0 12.2 93.2 2.8 930 7.8 10 Do do Jan. 31,1941 81 6.0 12.2 97.4 4.3 240 7.8 10 Harpeth Creek, 1 mile below Dick- CHrT 177 Jan. 23,1941 1 9.0 7.1 61.3 32.6 46,000 7.0 45 139 105 son, Tenn. Do do Jan. 27,1941 4 8.0 9.5 80.4 7.4 24,000 7. 2 10 80 Do - Jan. 29^1941 2 7.0 9.3 76.7 12.6 24,000 7.1 10 90 Do... Jan. 31,1941 2 8.0 9.0 75.5 7.4 930 7.2 10 106 Less than 1. 792 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Parts per million Percent of satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardnes , parts per million Cumberland River, above Clarks- ville, Tenn. C 127 Nov. 8,1940 1,180 11.5 7.9 72.4 2.3 (') 6.9 10 70 78 Do Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Nov. 8,1940 5,290 2,590 1,180 6.0 8.4 67.0 2.2 110 7.1 140 74 Do do 0 8.1 55.4 2.9 39 7.2 40 80 Cumberland River, below Clarks- C 126 10.5 8.1 72.2 1.9 9 6.9 10 70 78 ville, Tenn. Do Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Nov. 8,1940 5,290 2,590 69 9.5 8.3 72.3 2.4 150 7.1 160 70 Do 0 9.3 63.6 1.9 43 7.3 35 78 Red River, near Adams, south of CR 148 3.5 10.1 76.0 1.2 4 7.8 10 64 130 Guthrie. Do Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Nov. 8,1940 429 2.5 10.1 74.2 1.3 110 7.3 130 118 Do 167 0 12.0 82.1 1.9 93 7.5 95 122 Sulphur Creek, above Springfield, CRSu 163-.- 8 4.0 9.2 70.1 1.9 4 7.5 10 128 134 Tenn. Do Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Nov. 8,1940 22 6.0 10.4 81.3 1.9 93 7.3 90 106 Do 12 0 12.5 85.7 1.7 15 7.5 20 134 Sulphur Creek, below Springfield, Tenn. Do CRSu 161 8 3.5 7.2 54.1 8.2 4,400 7.5 10 146 136 Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Nov. 8,1940 22 1.5 9.1 65.1 3.6 910 7.4 100 98 Do 12 0 11.2 76.7 6.2 1,500 7.3 20 118 Spring Creek, below Guthrie, Ky CRWfSp 139 2 4.5 7.1 54.9 4.2 23 6.9 10 82 222 Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Nov. 8,1940 1 6.0 9.9 79.0 6.9 23 6.5 5 26 Do .. 2 1.0 11.6 81.5 9.3 9 7.1 15 62 Red River, above mouth, Clarks- ville, Tenn. CR 126... 148 10.5 8.8 78.8 1.2 1 7.7 10 158 146 Do do Nov. 13,1940 Nov. 15,1940 Nov. 12,1940 Nov. 14,1940 Nov. 18,1940 Nov. 12,1940 554 5.0 9.4 73.8 1.7 110 7.3 210 118 Do 256 1.0 10.8 75.5 1.1 150 7.5 110 76 Cumberland River, branch, Canton, KI>o C 63 ... 7,360 4.5 9.7 74.6 .8 43 7.5 40 84 2,370 2,260 2 2.5 10.4 76.2 1.4 9 7.3 10 88 Do - do 1.5 10.5 74.8 1.3 4 7.3 20 76 82 North Fork, Little River, above Hopkinsville, Ky. CLrNf 107 5.0 4.0 31.3 3.9 240 6.9 430 74 Do do_ Nov. 14,1940 Nov. 18,1940 Nov. 12,1940 1 3.5 2.9 21.7 10.4 460 6.9 410 Do- do 1 6.0 4.1 32.8 3.4 9 6.6 360 42 50 North Fork, Little River, below Hopkinsville, Ky. CLrNf 104 4 4.5 6.7 51.7 3.9 230 7.3 35 102 Nov. 14,1940 Nov. 18,1940 2 2.5 8.2 60.0 4.0 230 7.3 10 130 Do - - 1 2.5 7.8 67.1 3.6 430 7.4 23 134 138 Table C-7.—Cumberland River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 793 CLrSf 104 Nov. 12,1940 1 1.6 12.5 930 7.5 25 276 ville, Ky. Do - - Nov. 14,1940 1 2.0 2.2 16.0 19.4 930 7.3 30 292 Do do Nov. 18; 1940 1 5.0 .9 7.1 9.6 930 7.5 25 296 172 CLr 98 Nov. 12,1940 14 7.5 6.1 50.9 6.2 1,100 7.3 250 82 kinsvilie, Ky. Do - do Nov. 14,1940 4 2.5 7.6 55.8 2.6 23 7.2 50 124 Do do Nov. 18,1940 3 3.0 9.8 72.8 1.8 9 7.5 15 148 132 CLr 72 Nov. 12,1940 186 4.0 7.6 57.7 1.6 240 7.6 170 142 Do do Nov. 14j 1940 34 3.5 8.3 62.4 3.0 460 7.3 150 120 Do - do Nov. 18,1940 28 3.0 10.0 74.2 2.6 20 7.4 40 140 118 CLr 71 Nov. 12,1940 186 4.5 9.3 71.9 1.7 240 7.7 240 134 Do 1--- 34 3.5 9.4 71.1 2.7 240 7.4 130 132 Do do Nov. 18j 1940 30 5.0 11.3 88.4 2.2 23 7.4 70 138 114 Spring, Eddy Creek, above Prince- CEdSp 65 Oct. 29,1940 1 19.0 8.4 89.8 .6 2 6.8 5 200 170 ton, Ky. Do - do Nov. 1,1940 1 16.0 8.5 85.3 1.0 2 7.8 5 226 Do do Nov. 6,1940 1 9.5 8.6 75.1 .6 2 6.8 5 196 Eddy Creek, below Princeton, Ky... CEd 63 Oct. 29,1940 1 18.5 0 0 187.0 240,000 6.9 95 250 174 Do do Nov. 1,1940 2 16.0 1.6 15.7 35.3 23,000 7.9 140 88 Do do 1 8.5 6.0 51.2 17.1 360 7.1 18 164 Cumberland River, Eddyville Ferry. C 44.... Oct. 29,1940 830 19.5 9.4 101.6 1.7 8 7.7 15 78 72 Do do Nov. 1,1940 1,150 16.5 8.4 85.2 1.1 2 7.5 10 82 Do Nov. 6,1940 2,370 10.0 9.4 83.0 1.5 0 7.6 15 74 Cumberland River, Kuttawa Ferry.. C 41... Oct. 29,1940 830 20.0 8.9 97.1 1.9 46 7.7 15 80 80 Do - do Nov. 1,1940 1,150 18.0 8.6 90.3 1.6 21 7.5 13 82 Do __do Nov. 6,1940 2,370 9.5 9.8 85.5 1.9 4 7.6 20 72 C 2.8-.- Sept. 20,1940 1,990 24.5 7.6 90.2 1.2 1 7.7 18 77 82 Do Sept. 25,1940 910 21.0 7.1 78.9 1.9 1 7.7 28 76 Do do Sept. 26,1940 1,020 20.5 7.5 82.4 1.5 5 7.7 20 77 Do do_ Oct. 1,1940 2,200 21.0 8.8 97.9 1.4 (1) 7.9 30 83 Do do Nov. 14,1940 3,760 10.0 9.9 87.1 1.4 9 7.3 45 87 Do - do Nov. 15,1940 2,250 8.0 9.4 79.6 1.0 2 7.5 41 88 96 Do do Nov. 16,1940 1,880 7.5 9.8 81.5 1.2 8 7.3 25 90 Do do Nov. 18,1940 2,710 10.0 10.5 92.7 1.3 2 7.5 18 92 Do - do Mar. 1,1941 4,750 5.0 12.9 100.6 1.8 2 7.6 25 90 Do do Mar. 4,1941 8,800 6.0 12.9 103.6 1.5 1 7.6 20 83 112 Do do Mar. 5,1941 8,040 6.0 13.0 104.6 1.1 (l) 7.7 20 86 i.Less than 1. GREEN RIVER BASIN 795 CONTENTS Pasre Contents 797 Syllabus and conclusions 799 Description 800 Presentation of field data 801 Presentation of laboratory data 803 Hydrometric data 804 Discussion i 805 LIST OF TABLES Gr-1. Cost estimates of remedial measures 800 Gr-2. Surface water supplies 801 Gr-3. Sources of pollution 802 Gr-4. Industrial wastes 802 Gr-5. Selected laboratory data 803 Gr-6. Monthly mean summer flows 804 Gr-7. Summary of laboratory data 806 LIST OF FIGURES Gr-2. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data 802 (Note—For maps of this basin seo Cumberland River Basin.) 797 GREEN RIVER BASIN 1 Syllabus and Conclusions SYLLABUS The Green River drains 9,220 square miles of rolling and hilly land largely in west central Kentucky but extending to northern Tennessee. Although predominantly an agricultural area, coal is mined extensively in the western part of the basin. About 10 percent of the total population of 440,000 is urban. Sewage from nearly 75 percent of the sewered population is treated and there are no industrial wastes of importance. Acid mine drainage damages a number of the small tributaries but has no noticeable effect on the larger streams. Pollution problems are local in character and abatement can be effected by known methods of treatment. CONCLUSIONS (1) Nine of the 39 public water supplies are taken from streams below sources of pollution, but none of the supplies is seriously polluted. (2) Of the 45,000 sewered population, the sewage from 34,300 is treated. Industrial wastes from 13 small plants have a total popula- tion equivalent of 3,800. (3) Laboratory data show the larger streams of the basin to be in good sanitary condition, and many of the small streams to be grossly- polluted by untreated or inadequately treated sewage. Acid mine drainage was found in only one stream during the laboratory survey. (4) The minimum monthly mean summer flows of record on the Green River at lock No. 6 and the Barren River at lock No. 1 are 230 cubic feet per second and 162 cubic feet per second, respectively. (5) Proposed flood-control reservoirs studied by the United States Engineer Department are so located as to be of little pollu- tion abatement. (6) Sewage, although receiving primary treatment, affects the smaller tributaries having extremely low flows. Secondary treat- ment seems justified at these places. Primary treatment should be adequate for towns on the main stream and on its larger tributaries. (7) Most of the industrial wastes can be effectively treated at the municipal treatment plants. (8) Estimated costs of the suggested pollution-abatement program for the basin and of the work already done from table Gr-1 are sum- marized below: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges Existing . $450,000 780,000 $55,000 80,000 « For maps of this basin, see Cumberland River Basin. 90035—44—pt 2 42 800 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Estimated additional costs, over existing charges, of programs in- volving uniform treatment throughout the basin are Treatment Capital cost Annual charges $550,000 960,000 $50,000 100,000 Secondary, ail places Table Gr-1.—Green River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested minimum corrective measures for sewage and industrial wastes, with comparative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital invest- ment Annual charges Amorti- zation and interest Operation and main- tenance Total Pri- mary Sec- ondary Kxist.ine sewage treatment 8 3 34,300 $450,000 $30,000 $25,000 $55,000 Suggested minimum correction: 9 7 10,900 600,000 180,000 40,000 10,000 30,000 70,000 10,000 Required interceptors Independent industrial waste 780,000 550.000 960, 000 780, 000 50,000 34,000 64,000 50,000 30,000 16,000 36,000 30,000 80,000 50,000 100,000 80,000 Comparative cost: Secondary treatment, all waste. The Green River drains an area of 9,220 square miles in west central Kentucky. About 380 square miles of the basin are in Tennessee. Larger tributaries are— Description Tributaries Distance above mouth of Green River Drainage area, square miles Tributaries Distance above mouth of Green River Drainage area, square miles 55 756 Barren River 150 2,132 750 71 1,025 Nolin River 184 Mud River 109 430 Population of urban communities and of the basin as a whole, for the past 30 years, are tabulated below. Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Urban communities: 9,173 4, 966 2,316 2,645 3, 111 3,063 1,970 9,638 5,030 2, 559 3,108 3,124 3,154 2,530 12, 438 6,908 5,042 4, 321 3,297 3,056 2,590 14, 585 8,209 5,815 4,199 3,983 3, 940 3, 667 Entire basin: 401, 233 22, 858 398, 307 29,143 377, 209 37,652 399, 994 44, 398 Total 424,091 427, 450 414,861 444,392 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 801 None of the urban communities and only about 8 percent of the rural population is in the Tennessee portion of the basin. Agriculture is the principal occupation, although a large part of the area is too hilly for cultivation. Coal is mined extensively in the west- ern part of the basin. Cavernous limestone underlies much of the region and considerable areas have no well-defined watercourses. Drainage collects in shallow depressions and “sinks” and is either evaporated or disappears into the limestone caves. Mammoth Cave is in this basin. Water uses.—Six locks and dams on the Green River and one each on the Barren and Rough Rivers, provide a 4- to 5%-foot navigation channel as far as Mammoth Cave on the Green River, Bowling Green on the Barren, and Hartford on the Rough. Less than 200,000 tons of freight are carried annually, the principal commodity being asphalt. The Green and most of its tributaries are considered good fishing streams and are extensively used for recreation by local residents. Presentation of Field Data Figure C-l shows the location and magnitude of each source of pollution of consequence in the basin. Figure Gr-2 shows similar data and, in addition, the location of water intakes from streams below sources of pollution and laboratory data on coliform organisms, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand. Public water supplies.—Of the 39 public water supplies in the basin, 21 are from surface sources and 18 are from wells and springs. About 20,000 people use underground supplies and 50,000 use surface sup- plies Table Gr-2 shows data on the surface water supplies of the basin Table Gr-2.—Green River Basin: Surface Water Supplies Supply Source Mile 1 Treat- ment 2 Popula- tion served Con- sump- tion, million gallons per day Supplies below community sewer outfalls Green river 63.4 71.3 86 95.0 143.3 180.5 213 260 187 D 600 1,200 3,800 400 800 300 500 800 15,000 0.04 .06 .36 .01 .06 .02 .02 .04 1.20 do FD do FD... do FD... do_ CD do.__ None do.__ SD do FD... Barren River FD... Other surface supplies Roueh River 101 230 250 270 269 270 295 326 FD 1,200 3, 300 4,000 600 1,200 2,600 1,000 600 8,500 500 1,000 2,400 .07 .20 .21 .04 .06 .09 .04 .02 .50 .01 .02 . 10 Drakes Creek (impounded). Beaver Creek FD FD Mill Creek (impounded) North fork Nolin River (impounded) FD FD Pittman Creek (im- FD FD Russell Creek Green River FD... . Impounded FD... do - FD .. do D. . Greenville --- FD. Total: Below sewer outfalls. 23,400 26,900 1.81 1.36 Total surface water supp 50, 300 3.17 i Miles above mouth of Green River. s F = Coagulated, settled, filtered; 0=Coagulated, settled; S=Settled; D = Chlorinated. 802 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sewerage.—Table Gr-3 shows the sewered population at each of the more important sources of pollution in the basin, all in Kentucky. Sewage from 34,300 persons, of the 45,000 to whom sewerage is avail- able, is treated; that from 29,300 bj primary and that from 5,000 in secondary treatment works. Table Gr-3.—Green River Basin: Sources of pollution including industrial wastes, expressed as sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Municipality Stream Miles above mouth of Green River Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treatment Sewered population equivalent (bio- chemical oxygen demand; Un- treated Dis- charged Cypress Creek_ _ 90 3,000 None 3,000 3 000 Flat Creek.._ 90 7, 600 Primary.. 7,700 5, 000 Muddy Creek 104 600 ___do ' 600 400 Rough River 100 1,100 None 1,300 1, 300 Pond Creek 117 900 ___do 900 900 Town Branch 157 3,000 3,200 2r 100 Barren River 176 13,000 15’ 200 10 600 Drakes Creek _ 230 2,600 ...do.1 2, 600 2r 000 South Bays Fork 226 600 ___do ' 600 400 South fork Beaver 250 3,900 ___do 4,400 2,900 Creek. Valley Creek 261 2,600 2,800 400 North fork Nolin River. 269 900 ___do ' 900 100 200 500 500 000 270 1,500 1,700 300 Russell Creek 294 600 None ' 600 600 2,600 (J) 2,800 2, 700 45,000 48,800 33,800 i 1 small Imhoff tank receives about 8 percent of sewage. 21 primary plant; no treatment at 10 other places. Industrial wastes.—Thirteen small plants in the basin discharge wastes of significance. Wastes from seven of these are treated at municipal sewage treatment plants. Table Gr-4 shows data on the remaining six plants, four of which discharge wastes to caverns. Table Gr-4.—Green River Basin: Summary of industrial wastes not discharged to municipal treatment plants with total of entire industrial waste load in the Basin. Number of plants Industrial waste disposal At least minor Estimated sewered population equivalent (biochemical oxygen demand) Industry Municipal sewers Private outlet corrective measures taken Milk 2 0 2 2 400 1,800 200 3 0 3 3 1 0 1 Waste unconnected municipal treat- 6 0 6 5 2.400 1.400 3,800 Acid mine drainage.—Prior to the mine sealing program some 76,500 tons of acid entered the streams each year from the coal mines in the western part of the basin. This has been reduced by about 20 percent by sealing some of the largest acid-producing mines. A considerable FIG. Gr - 2 — I» u + <»

) 1 3 1 Water temperature, ° C 13.3 9.5 17.5 22.2 21.8 21.8 13.5 Coliforins per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 1 5 1 1,680 210 1,190 467,000 million Biochemical oxygen demand, 9.2 7.6 8.3 5.4 5.0 2.1 3.1 5-day, parts per million 0.6 1.6 0.5 8.7 3.0 8.0 313 River. Bays Fork Town Branch Muddy Creek Barren Barren Flat Creek Cypress Creek Location : Below Below Below Above Below Below Below River miles above— Scotts- ville Franklin Beaver Dam Bowling Green Bowling Green Madison- ville Central City Confluence with Green 74.5 80.5 33 38 26.5 25 27 Mouth of Green 224 228 104 187.5 176 80 82 Period, 1940 October October October October October October- Novem- ber October- Novem- ber Number of samples Flow in cubic feet per second: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Sampling days 0) (') (') 95 97 1 (') W ater temperature ° 0 13.3 9.8 10.2 15.7 18.7 19.2 10.8 Coliforms per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 9,300 32,000 300,000 15 1,340 412,000 42,000 million Biochemical oxygen demand, 7.3 0 0 8.6 8.1 1.4 0.5 6-day, parts per million 8.3 141 192 1.4 2.3 266 21.2 1 Less than 1. 804 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Laboratory data show no particular pollution problem on the Green River itself, there being no communities of consequence dis- charging sewage into the main stream. The major pollution problems result from local nuisances below towns on the smaller streams with the worst conditions prevailing below Beaver Dam, Central City, Elizabethtown, Franklin, Glasgow, Madisonville, Russellville, and Scottsville. Pond River drains a large coal-mining area but at the time of the survey mines were mostly shut down and those working were pump- ing mine water intermittently. With low flows and ponding, wastes were not reaching the streams except at Nortonville where acid stream conditions were observed on Drakes Creek. Biological summary.—The plankton population of the Green is extremely low, usually less than 2,000 parts per million. These low values are due to the fact that the stream flows through a region of poor soil, low in organic matter, and there are no important sources of pollution along the stream. Hydrometric Data Eleven stream gaging stations have been maintained in the Green Basin at various times, six of which are currently in operation. Table Gr-6 shows mean monthly flows at representative stations during some low-flow years. Table Gr-6.—Green River Basin: Monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred River Location - . . - River miles above— Green Munford- ville, Ky. Green Livermore, Ky. Rough Dundee, Ky. 57 128 764 1930-40 Barren Green- castle, Ky. 15 164 1,950 1925-31 Mouth of Green Drainage area (square miles).. Period of record 213 1,790 f 1915-22 \ 1927-40 70 7,580 } 1930-40 Year 1930 1930 1931 1930 June ..cubic feet per second.. 226 1,160 27 563 July - do 182 706 67 368 August do 108 482 280 178 September do 200 624 155 162 Year 1939 1939 1936 1925 June ..cubic feet per second.. 1,692 7,778 1,790 534 July 1,000 3,183 670 401 August... 810 2,438 150 166 September.. 143 530 28 162 Year 1919 1940 1936 1927 June ..cubic feet per second.. 1,100 2,480 28 3,470 July 437 1,597 64 902 August.. 398 1,210 31 675 September 147 740 205 251 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 805 Low-Jlow regulation.—Sites for possible flood-control reservoirs in the basin have been studied by the United States Engineer Depart- ment in connection with the authorized program for flood control on the Ohio River and its tributaries. These reservoirs would be located on the Green, Barren, Rough, and Nolin Rivers. The largest, on the Green River below the mouth of Mud River, would have a capacity in excess of 3,000,000 acre-feet. Consideration has been given to the operation of the proposed reservoirs to augment stream flows during the summer months. Discussion Of the 15 sources of pollution listed in table Gr-3, none is on the Green River itself and 2, Bowling Green and Hartford, are on trib- utary streams with an appreciable reliable flow during the summer. As noted in the discussion of the laboratory studies, most of the receiv- ing streams contained a high percentage of sewage. Secondary treat- ment appears justified at places such as Madisonville, Russellville, Glasgow, Central City, and Franklin. At Bowling Green and Hart- ford and at the communities along the Green River primary treatment combined with dilution should be sufficient to maintain satisfactory stream conditions. At Cave City where there are no surface streams and all wastes enter the caverns beneath the town, primary treatment and continuous chlorination should be adequate to prevent pollution of the underground water. Industrial wastes present no particular problems. All of the plants are small, and the wastes can be treated at municipal treatment plants with the sewage. Further reductions in the acidity of the streams in the western part of the basin can be effected by a renewal of the mine-sealing program. A large part of the acid load comes from active mines. Low-flow augmentation by the proposed flood-control reservoirs would be beneficial but would have no tangible monetary value to pollution abatement, since primary treatment will be sufficient for wastes discharged to the streams which might be affected by the increased flows. The estimated cost of the suggested pollution-abatement program and of programs for primary and for secondary treatment of all wastes is shown in table Gr-1. 806 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent satura- tion Green River, bridge on Route 55, Gr 281 Aug. 14,1940 41 25.5 6.2 74.3 1.5 8 7.4 45 64 64 Campbellsville, Ky. Do do Aug. 19,1940 18 23.5 5.6 65.5 .9 2 7. 4 40 64 Do do Aug. 21,1940 14 21.0 7.1 79.0 1.5 4 7.6 40 62 Russell Creek, water plant intake, GrR 296 ..... Aug. 14.1940 6 26.0 6.5 78.6 2.5 4 7.5 10 94 88 Columbia, Ky. Do do Aug. 19,1940 4 23.5 5.6 65.3 2.3 4 7.5 30 90 Do 4 21.0 7.3 81.3 2.2 4 7.6 25 88 Russell Creek, below septic tank, GrR 290.. Aug. 1< 1940 8 27.0 7.0 86.6 3.3 390 7.5 10 96 86 Columbia, Ky. Do „do_- Aug. 19,1940 6 24.0 6.1 71.0 2.0 930 7.4 35 98 Do do.. 6 21.0 7.6 84. 6 2.1 1,500 7.6 30 94 East Fork Pittman Creek, above GrP 270 Aug. 14,1940 0) 25.5 7.2 86.6 3.0 46 7.7 30 90 78 Campbellsville, Ky. Do _do (i) 23.5 6.7 77. 7 1.9 43 7.7 10 88 Do do_._ Aug. 21,1940 (i) 20.0 7.2 79.1 2.1 7 7.7 5 88 Buckhorn Creek, below Campbells- GrPB 268 Aug. 14; 1940 (l) 24.5 3.9 46.4 11.7 4. 600 7.6 5 170 200 ville, Ky. Do do_ Aug. 19.1940 (i) 22. 5 5.4 61.9 5.2 360 7.7 5 162 Do (i) 19.5 6.8 72.9 9.1 93 7.7 10 164 Green River, below Munfordville, Gr 212.5.... Oct. 8,' 1940 110 11.5 8.8 80.3 .6 2 7.7 8 120 106 Ky. Do Oct. 14, 1940 100 15.5 9.3 92.5 .5 0) 7.7 10 132 Do Oct. 18,1940 100 13 0 9. 5 89 6 .8 1 7.7 8 128 North Fork Nolin River, above Hod- GrNNf 272 Aug. 12,1940 4 27.5 3.8 47.1 2.0 23 7.4 225 92 110 genville, Ky. Do do Aug. 15,1940 0) 22.5 3. 6 41.5 2.1 24 7.4 75 116 Do Aug. 22,1940 (i) 17.0 4.2 43.3 .9 8 7. 6 35 138 North Fork Nolin River, below GrNNf 267.. Aug. 12; 1940 4 26.0 4.7 57.2 4.4 240 7.2 320 80 128 Hodgenville, Ky. Do Aug. 15,1940 (i) 22 5 4 9 56. 5 2.5 150 7.4 75 108 Do Aug. 22,1940 (I) 17.0 5. 5 56. 6 2.0 240 7.5 40 140 Valley Creek, above Elizabethtown, GrNV 267... Aug. 12; 1940 1 27.5 3.5 43.8 12.1 930 7.2 15 150 88 Ky. Do Aug. 15,1940 (l) 23 0 0 0 11.5 430 7.1 40 158 Do Aug. 22; 1940 (l) 17. 5 2. 9 30.1 9.1 4,600 7.5 15 164 Valley Creek, below Elizabethtown, GrNV 263.5 Aug. 12,1940 1 4 26.0 1.5 18.2 9.5 '240 7.4 5 192 164 Ky. Do Aug. 15,1940 2 22 0 3 4 38 7 11.2 2,400 7.3 25 176 Do do Aug. 22; 1940 2 17.5 1.3 i3. 7 3.3 930 7.5 100 178 Table Gr-7.—Green River Basin: Ohio River Pollution Survey Laboratory data—Summary of individual results OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 807 GrN 196.5 Oct. 8,1940 14.1940 75 12.0 8.3 77.0 1.1 4 7.9 13 130 128 Do ..... do Oct. 72 17.5 8.8 91.6 .5 1 7.8 8 134 Do do Oct. 18,1940 8,1940 66 13.0 9.1 85.9 .8 2 7.7 10 134 Green River, above lock and dam Gr 150 Oct. 210 15.0 7.6 74.9 1.1 2 7.7 8 120 118 No. 6. Do - - Oct. 14.1940 18.1940 8,1940 195 16.0 8.2 82.8 1.1 (0 (0 (0 7.7 / 130 Do Oct. 180 11.0 8.3 75.2 1.2 7.7 / 130 Green River, above lock and dam Gr 169 Oct. 210 18.5 7.9 83.3 1.1 7.7 8 117 108 No. 5. Do Oct. 14,1940 195 21.5 8.1 91.1 1.0 1 7.7 5 122 Do Oct. 18.1940 8.1940 14.1940 18.1940 9.1940 180 17.5 8.8 90.8 1.4 (*) 2 7.8 5 116 GrBr 169.. (') (‘) 18.5 7.7 82.0 1.1 7.7 5 114 114 Do Oct. 22.0 7.9 89.8 .9 1 7.7 10 118 Do Oct. (') 250 17.5 8.6 89.6 1.4 4 7.8 5 126 Green River, above lock and dam Gr 150 Oct. 16.0 7.3 73.2 1.4 2 7.6 10 102 94 No. 4. Do Oct. 15.1940 21.1940 7,1940 11.1940 230 14.0 7.6 72.8 .9 1 7.6 15 102 Do Oct. 200 12.5 7.9 73.8 1.1 1 7.7 13 118 Beaver Creek, above Glasgow, Ky.._ Do Oct. 4 17.0 7.4 76.0 1.2 9 7.8 13 164 142 Oct. 4 14.0 7.9 76.2 1.6 4 7.7 20 176 Do Oct. 17,1940 7,1940 5 11.0 7.1 64.4 2.0 46 7.6 20 170 South Fork, Beaver Creek, below GrBSBe 240. Oct. 2 16.5 3.0 30.5 103.0 240,000 7.0 130 130 120 Glasgow, Ky. Do“ .. Oct. 11.1940 17.1940 (») O 64 14.5 0 0 633.0 930,000 7.1 375 298 Do Oct. 9. 5 3.3 28.5 202.0 230,000 2 7.5 150 228 Barren River, bridge on Route No. GrB 220 Oct. 10,1940 15.0 8.3 81.9 •*1.3 7.7 10 84 96 13, Scottsville, Ky. Do do Oct. 16.1940 22.1940 10.1940 64 12.5 7.5 69.9 .1 2 7.6 13 104 Do Oct'. 59 14.0 8.8 84.8 1.1 1 7.6 10 100 Bays Fork, below Scottsville, Ky GrBBf 224 Oct. (l) 14.0 7.7 74.1 6.0 11,000 7.5 5 186 184 Do Oct. 16.1940 22.1940 10.1940 0) 0) 5 12.5 7.1 66.1 10.3 15,000 7.5 15 202 Do Oct. 13.5 7.2 68.2 8.6 2,300 7.4 8 186 Drake Creek, above Franklin, Ky GrBDWf 231 Oct. 12.0 8.3 76.5 2.8 24 7.6 8 148 142 Do . Oct. 16.1940 22.1940 10.1940 4 11.0 7.2 65.0 1.6 39 7.7 10 162 Do 5 12.0 8.6 79.2 1.5 4 7.6 10 142 Town Branch, below Franklin, Ky . GrBDWf 228 Oct. (>) 11.0 0 0 196.0 24,000 6.9 60 222 136 Do 16.1940 22.1940 (') 9.0 0 0 101.0 93,000 6.9 70 250 Do Oct. 0) 9.5 0 0 125.0 9,100 6.8 75 224 Town Branch, mouth below Frank- GrBDWf 226 Oct. 10,1940 6 11.0 7.6 68.8 2.0 43 7.7 5 170 136 lin, Ky. Do 16.1940 22.1940 10.1940 5 8.5 2.5 240 7.7 8 146 Do 6 9.5 8.3 72.4 1.7 4 7.6 8 164 Drake Creek, mouth, Bowling GrBD 193 Oct. 24 17.5 8.0 82.9 1.4 (>) 7.7 8 144 132 Green, Ky. 142 Do 16.1940 22.1940 7,1940 24 14.0 7.5 72.7 .3 1 7.7 10 Do 25 18.5 8.8 93.4 1.9 2 7.6 5 144 Barren River, above Bowling Green, GrB 187.5 Oct. 96 16.0 8.5 85.3 1.4 4 7.7 10 122 122 Ky. Do 11,1940 97 17.5 8.8 91.6 1.2 39 7.7 10 126 Do Oct. 17,1940 93 13.5 8.4 80.1 1.5 2 7.7 7 120 1 Less than 1. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity,parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Parts per million Percent of satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Pet Milk plant effluent, Bowling GrB 178 Oct. 7,1940 1 17.0 2.3 23.4 97.2 2,400 7.1 110 106 130 Green, Ky. Do do. Oct. 11,1940 1 20.0 1.8 19.6 89.8 2,300 930 7.1 75 132 Do.. . Oct. 17,1940 Oct. 7,1940 1 17.0 2.0 20.5 59.1 7.5 70 164 Barren River, below Bowling Green, Ky. Do GrB 176... 98 18.5 8.4 88.8 2.2 2,100 7.6 10 128 122 do Oct. 11,1940 99 20.0 8.2 89.1 2.6 1,500 430 7.6 10 162 Do do. Oct. 17,1940 Oct. 8,1940 95 17.5 7.7 79.9 2.1 7.7 7 132 Barren River, above lock and dam GrB 165 100 17.0 6.8 69.6 1.8 1 7.6 10 116 120 No. 1. Do do Oct. 14,1940 Oct. 18,1940 Oct. 9,1940 100 24.0 8.3 97.4 1.1 2 7.7 10 126 Do.... do... 100 18.0 7.8 81.6 2.0 (') 1 7.7 95 112 Gasper Creek, mouth, Bowling GrBG 159 4 15.0 7.4 72.6 1.5 7.6 12 118 122 Green, Ky. Do do Oct. 15,1940 4 16.0 7.7 77.5 1.3 2 7.7 20 122 Do... do Oct. 21,1940 3 15.5 8.4 83.8 1.8 1 7.7 8 126 Barren River, mouth, Woodbury, Ky. Do. GrB 150- Oct. 9,1940 Oct. 15,1940 Oct. 21,1940 Oct. 9,1940 110 15.0 7.3 71.7 1.3 1 7.7 102 94 do___ 110 13.6 7.6 72.2 .8 5 7.6 13 126 Do do 100 12.0 7.9 72.9 1. 4 2 7.7 10 118 Green River, below Morgantown, Ky. Do Gr 141 360 10.0 8.3 73.2 2.0 43 7.7 10 100 96 do Oct. 15,1940 Oct. 21,1940 340 15.5 8.2 81.7 1.0 23 7.5 5 98 Do do 300 11.5 9.0 81.8 1.8 9 7.7 5 110 Mud River, below Russellville, Ky.. GrM 156 Oct. 10,1940 (■) 11.0 0 0 240.0 93,000 7.4 100 416 120 Do do Oct. 16,1940 Oct. 22,1940 Oct. 30,1940 Nov. 4,1940 Nov. 7,1940 Oct. 30,1940 0) (') 10.0 0 0 181.0 93,000 93,000 4 7.1 110 408 Do.... do. 9.0 0 0 158.0 7.1 270 422 Mud River, mouth, Rochester, Ky... Do GrM 110 12.5 7.3 68.2 1.2 7.5 5 98 94 (0 4 11.5 3.5 31.9 3.0 2 6.9 25 84 Do.. do 6.5 4.2 32.9 4.6 4 6.8 25 72 Green River, above lock and dam Gr 109 310 11.5 7.2 66.3 .9 2 7.7 8 100 96 No. 3. Do Nov. 4,1940 Nov. 7,1940 800 12.5 7.5 69.8 2.4 9 7.6 10 108 Do 1,100 320 4.5 8.0 61.8 1.5 4 7.5 10 96 Green River, above Central City, Ky. Gr 86— Oct. 30,1940 14.5 7.9 77.4 .8 9 7.7 8 102 102 Do Nov. 4,1940 Nov. 7,1940 850 13.0 8.0 75.7 1.4 4 7.6 8 108 Do do 1,180 8.0 8.3 70.1 1.1 24 7.5 15 84 Table Gr-7.—Green River Basin: Ohio River Pollution Survey Laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 809 Rough River, above Hartford, Ky... Do- GrRo 102 Oct. 9,1940 Oct. 16,1940 Oct. 21,1940 Oct. 9,1940 18 10.6 6.4 57.1 1.7 9 7.1 30 90 76 do 20 16.0 6.9 59.3 1.3 8 7.3 35 104 Do do. 10 9.5 6.0 62.4 2.6 4 7.3 15 126 Rough River, below Hartford, Ky... Do. GrRo 99. 18 10.0 5.8 51.5 2.0 460 7.1 25 94 86 do Oct. 16,1940 Oct. 21,1940 Oct. 9,1940 20 13.0 5.5 52.0 1.3 1 7.3 45 102 Do... do 10 8.0 5.3 44.6 2.7 460 7.3 20 124 Muddy Creek, below Beaver Dam, Ky. (>) 8.5 0 0 302 240,000 7.3 100 496 78 Do Oct. 16,1940 Oct. 21,1940 Oct. 30,1940 (0 (0 20 13.0 0 0 142 430,000 230,000 4 7.3 130 456 460 82 Do... do 9.0 0 0 132 7.4 110 Rough River, above lock and dam GrRo 79 19.5 4.7 50.5 2.3 7.3 25 No. 1. Do... do__ Nov. 4,1940 Nov. 7,1940 Oct. 30,1940 20 15.5 4.6 45.8 1.2 (') 2 7.3 25 88 80 Do 20 10.5 6.2 46.4 1.9 6.9 45 90 Green River, above lock and dam Gr 63... 345 16.0 7.8 78.1 1.2 2 7.7 5 102 No. 2. Do do Nov. 4,1940 874 16.5 7.4 75.5 .9 2 7.7 10 114 96 104 Do .. do Nov. 7,1940 Oct. 29,1940 1,210 10.5 7.5 66.5 .9 15 7.5 15 Pond River, bridge on Route No. 62, Nortonville, Ky. GrPo 89 20.0 5.0 64.3 3.6 23 6.7 8 26 120 Do do Nov. 1,1940 (’) 16.5 6.4 65.2 2.9 3 6.9 10 44 Do do Nov. 6,1940 Oct. 29,1940 (l) 9.0 5.3 45.6 1.8 2 6.9 8 38 Drake Creek, bridge on route 62, Nortonville, Ky. GrPoD 87.8 (>) 19.5 8.4 90.9 f 3.9 1 1.9 } ■' 3.6 5 880 Do. do Nov. 1,1940 Nov. 6,1940 Oct. 28,1940 1 16.0 8.0 80.4 { 3.7 f 3 1.8 1 3.0 443.0 \ 1 3.5 8 Do.. do (>) 1 9.0 9.7 83.8 J } « 93,000 3.1 5 Flat Creek, below Madisonville, Ky. Do GrPoF 80 24.0 0 0 6.9 320 264 do Oct. 31,1940 Nov. 5,1940 Oct. 30,1940 1 19.0 0 0 325.0 1,100,000 43,000 93,000 7.2 290 304 Do 1 14.5 4.1 39.7 30.8 6.9 120 134 130 124 218 Cypress Creek, below Central City, Ky. GrPoC 82 (>) 14.0 0 0 19.1 7.3 40 Do do Nov. 4,1940 Nov. 7,1940 Oct. 30,1940 Nov. 4,1940 Nov. 7,1940 Oct. 30,1940 (>) 11.5 0 0 20.2 9,100 24,000 4 6.9 20 164 Do 0) 7.0 1.6 13.1 24.2 7.3 35 132 94 82 52 Pond River, below mouth, Rumsey, Ky. Do - GrPo 67 17.0 7.6 77.5 1.9 7.6 25 do (■) 1 15.0 6.8 67.3 2.1 2 7.3 15 114 Do do 9.0 6.9 58.9 3.2 2 6.9 20 Panther Creek, at mouth GrPa 30 3 18.0 6.6 69.4 2.0 2 7.8 8 200 Do '. . do Nov. 4,1940 Nov. 7,1940 Oct. 30,1940 2 20.0 7.6 83.3 1.5 2 7.7 8 230 Do do_ 5 12.0 7.4 68.3 2.3 46 7.5 85 154 158 Gr 9 420 16.5 7.9 80.6 1.0 1 7.7 5 106 No. 1. Do do Nov. 4,1940 Nov. 7,1940 1,000 19.0 7.0 75.1 .8 1 7.6 114 108 Do do. 1,440 12.5 7.4 69.5 1.2 1 7.6 8 92 1 Less than 1. 3 Seeded and neutralized. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity,parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent of satura- tion Green River, bridge at Spottsville, Gr 8.6 Aug. 28,1940 610 27.0 7.2 89.7 1.2 (') 7.7 22 104 Ky. Do Aug. 31,1940 1,270 26.5 7.4 90.4 1.7 1 7. 7 13 105 Do do. Sept. 4,1940 1,510 26.5 6.4 78.6 1.4 1 7. 6 18 103 102 Do do Oct. 30,1940 667 18.0 8.4 88.1 .4 1 7.8 13 126 125 Do do Oct. 31,1940 667 17.0 8.1 83.4 .6 p) 7. 7 13 126 Do do Feb. 19,1941 3,150 4.0 12.5 95.4 .6 1 7.6 45 90 Do Feb. 20,1941 3,350 4.0 12.5 95.0 1.0 2 7.5 70 91 122 1 Less than 1. Table Gr-7.—Green River Basin: Ohio River Pollution Survey Laboratory data—Summary of individual results—Continued TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN 811 CONTEXTS Contents 813 Syllabus and conclusions 815 Description 816 Presentation of field data 818 Presentation of laboratory data 822 Hydrometric data 826 Discussion 829 Page T-l.—Cost estimates of remedial measures 816 T-2.—Surface water supplies 818 T-3.—Sources of pollution 820 T-4.—Industrial wastes 822 T-5.—Selected laboratory data 823 T-6.—Monthly mean summer flows 828 T-7.—Summary of laboratory data 834 T-7a.—Summary of laboratory data (Tennessee Valley Authority results). 844 LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES T-l. Map—Sources of pollution 815 T-2a. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data (Ten- nessee River) 818 T-2b. Chart—Sources of pollution and selected laboratory data (upper tributaries) 818 T-3. Map—Coliform results 822 T-4. Map—Dissolved oxygen results 822 T-5. Map—Biochemical oxygen demand results 822 T-6. Chart—Summer low-flow frequency curve 827 813 3! H TENNESSEE BASIN SOURCES OF POLLUTION Araat of Circlai Proportional to Population Equivolant of Waatoi FIG. T-l LEGEND 2 v oo Cl -o o 4b o CD CPI ■tiara Traatmani At Otsctiargtd Radii Population Equivalent «aaana T.V» Pant K Kentucky P Pickwick Loading W Wilton JW Jot Wheeler S Bonterc villa H • Holes Bor Ch CMckamauflO W B Watte Bor Ft.L Fort Loudoun N Ho frit H Hiwatsae C Cfcerekee OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVE' U. S. PUBLIC HEAL1H SERVICE 1941 TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN Syllabus and Conclusions The Tennessee River Basin drains portions of seven southern States comprising a total area of 40,600 square miles. The larger cities located in the basin are Chattanooga and Knoxville, Tenn., and Asheville, N. C. The area is predominantly rural, with a few highly developed industrial areas. The abundance of good water supplies and natural resources has been influential in the industrial develop- ment. Scant progress has been made toward pollution abatement. Known methods of treatment, if applied, would greatly reduce the pollutional load carried by the stream. Additional effort is needed to develop methods of industrial waste treatment for certain major sources of industrial pollution. SYLLABUS CONCLUSIONS (1) Most of the water supplies in this basin are adequate and dependable. Small supplies are, in general, taken from ground water sources while the larger supplies are from surface waters. In general, water supplies are not seriously affected by pollution, except at Knox- ville where industrial wastes from upstream plants have damaged the supply. (2) Sewage from a population of about 592,000 and industria wastes with a population equivalent of 1,306,000 are produced in this area. Only 20 percent of the domestic sewage receives any treatment and one-tliird of this treatment is in obsolete and ineffec- tive plants. Existing municipal sewage treatment reduces the com- bined pollutional load of 1,897,000 to a pollutional equivalent of about 1,833,000 or about 3 percent. In addition, about 20 percent of the waste-producing industries have taken at least minor steps to reduce pollution either by treatment or alteration within the plant. (3) The more important points where high bacterial pollution was observed were below Asheville and Canton, N. C., and Kingsport, Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Columbia, Tenn. Poor oxygen con- ditions were found on the Tennessee River below Knoxville and Chattanooga, and on the tributaries the more important points were below Bristol, Copperhill, Cleveland, Kingsport, and Tullahoma, Tenn., and Canton, N. C. (4) The major sources of pollution are found in the upper half of the basin, principally in Tennessee and North Carolina. A number of sections of tributary streams are grossly polluted, which creates problems that are primarily of a local nature. Conditions on the main river are good except in the vicinity of Knoxville and Chattanooga. 90035—44—pt. 2 43 816 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL (5) The expected increase of low-water flow by the Tennessee Valley Authority’s stream-control program will improve stream con- ditions in the main river. Benefits that accrue to stream improve- ment will largely be intangible but nonetheless desirable.1 (6) In view of the normal uses of the streams involved, refined treatment at certain sources of pollution would serve no purpose commensurate with the expenditure. In these instances primary treatment appears justified. A summary of comparative costs of remedial measures from table T-l follows: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges $2, 750,000 24,480, 000 $250,000 2,035,000 Estimated additional costs over existing charges of programs involv- ing uniform treatment throughout the basin are: Treatment Capital cost Annual charges $23, 440,000 28,840,000 $1,865,000 2, 495, 000 Table T—1.—Tennessee River Basin: Estimated cost of existing and suggested minimum corrective measures for municipal and industrial wastes, with com- parative costs for primary and secondary treatment Number of plants Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Capital in- vestment Annual charges Pri- mary Second- ary Amorti- zation and in- terest Opera- tion and mainte- nance Total Existing sewage treatment- .. Suggested minimum correction: Sewage-treatment plants 26 18 98,400 $2, 750, 000 $170,000 $80,000 $250,000 64 37 489,400 7,420,000 15,450,000 1, 610, 000 520,000 725,000 205,000 395,000 915,000 725,000 395,000 Independent industrial waste 190,000 24,480,000 23,440, 000 28,840,000 24,480,000 1, 450,000 1, 385,000 1,755,000 1,450,000 585,000 480,000 740,000 585,000 2, 035, 000 1,865, 000 2,495,000 2,035,000 Comparative cost: Primary treatment, all waste.. Secondary treatment, all waste. The Tennessee River is formed by the confluence, in east central Tennessee, of the Holston and French Broad Rivers, whose head- waters are in western Virginia and North Carolina. From this con- fluence the river flows southwesterly to Guntersville, Ala., thence northwesterly to the northeast corner of Mississippi and finally northward through Tennessee and Kentucky to its confluence with the Ohio River at Paducah. The basin is roughly crescent in shape, somewhat constricted at its center where the river cuts through the Description i Some of the reservoirs being constructed in connection with the defense program may have an appreci- able effect on pollution. Data are not yet available which would permit an evaluation of these effects. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 817 Cumberland Plateau in the vicinity of Chattanooga. The two areas thus formed are approximately equal in size but are dissimilar in physical characteristics. The upper area is mountainous with swift flowing streams and narrow valleys while the lower area is rolling with broad flood plains and sluggish streams. The drainage area of 40,600 square miles and the 1940 population of 2,941,298 are divided among 7 States as follows: State Drainage area, square miles Population, 1940 Urban Rural Total 6,810 1.490 1,055 385 5.490 22,290 3,080 79,464 3,538 3, 773 0 67, 729 445,337 32,100 310,585 61,371 43,665 15,055 251,230 974,450 203,001 390,049' 64,909 47,438- 15,055 318,959 1,419,787 235,101 Total 40,600 631,941 1,859,357 2,491, 298 Populations 1910 1920 1930 1940 Larger cities: Chattanooga, Term Knoxville, Term Asheville, N. C - Johnson City, Tenn Total basin: 44,604 36,346 18, 762 8,502 57,895 77,818 28,504 12, 442 119,798 105,802 50,193 25,080 128,163 111,580 51,310 25, 332 212,110 1,579, 533 350,270 1,624, 770 649,125 1,667,953 631,941 1,859, 357 1, 791, 743 1,975,040 2,217,078 2,491,298 Major tributaries River mile Drainage area, square miles States 110.7 285.1 499.5 567.7 601.3 652.1 652.1 3,560 2,330 2,660 4,400 2,650 6,140 3,810 Tennessee. Tennessee, Alabama. Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia. Tennessee, Virginia. Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia. Tennessee, North Carolina. Tennessee, Virginia. Little Tennessee River French Broad River Resources.—The basin is rich in natural resources; tillable land, forest, and water power are abundant. Coal, asphalt, clay, sand and gravel, limestone, phosphate rock, iron, zinc, and copper ore are found in important quantities. Industries.—While primarily a rural area, over 1,000 industrial plants are found in the basin. Extensive agricultural activity is found, although, in general, it is on a small scale. Practically every type of industry is represented, wood products and textile manufac- turing plants predominating. With the advent of cheap power devel- oped by the Tennessee Valley Authority, an increase in industrial developments is anticipated, particularly in the metallurgical field. Dairying shows a significant increase in middle Tennessee. Water uses.—Climate, character of population, and adequate water supply have been influential in the development of this area. Surface 818 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL waters supply the major demands of both industry and domestic users. Ground water supplies are generally used for smaller instal- lations. The Tennessee Valley Authority’s development of the river, when complete, will provide for power development, flood protection, and a 9-foot navigation channel from the Ohio River to Knoxville. Recreational facilities are being developed and extensively enjoyed. Presentation of Field Data Figures T-2 A and T-2B show all sources of pollution of consequence on the Tennessee River and its tributaries. The location, magnitude, and reduction by present treatment of each source of pollution are indicated as well as the location of tributaries, water supply intakes, and other pertinent information. Laboratory data during the months of lowest oxygen concentration, found while sampling, are plotted for four sections of the main stream so that the effect of the indicated sources of pollution may be observed. Public water supplies.—Of the 244 public water supplies in the hasin serving some 871,000 people, 76 are wholly or in part from surface sources; 42 of these are from impounding reservoirs and 11 more are from streams not subject to pollution. The remaining 23 supplies, serving 394,700 people, are from streams subject to vary- ing amounts of pollution. Table T-2 shows data on these supplies. Supply State Source Mile 1 Treat- ment 3 Popu- lation served Con- sumption (million gallons per day) Supplies below community sewer outfalls Tennessee River 3. 22 fd 800 0.11 do 254 FD 14, 400 . 75 do 256.5 FD 3, 500 1. 30 do___ do. 304.5 FD 16, 200 1. 00 do._ 357. 5 FD 3, 500 . 27 do.3 415 FD 2,100 . 08 do 418 FD 2 700 14 Crllilri do.3 431.2 FD ’ 100 . 05 466 FD 152, 000 19 03 Tennessee River, Little 601.3 FD 4,500 .46 Tennessee River. do_ Tennessee River.. 648 FD 120,000 10. 00 Duck River.. 243 FD 12,000 . 74 332 FD 7 400 .45 575 FD 200 . 06 Emory River 584 FD 5, 900 .47 do 589 FD 400 . 02 Clinch River 823 FD 700 .02 ___do-_. do 888 FD 2,200 .09 Tennessee Holston River - 660 FD 200 .01 do Spring, well, Holston 731 FD 8, 500 .77 River.3 do South Fork, Holston 799 FD 17, 600 1.30 River.3 ... do.. 850 FD 13, 000 • . 95 ___ .do Nolichucky River3 775 FD 6, 800 . 58 Total: 23 Below sewer outfalls 394, 700 38. 65 53 Other surface supplies 213, 800 21.32 Total, surface water supplies 608, 500 59. 97 Table T-2.—Tennessee Basin: Surface water supplies l Miles above mouth of Tennessee River, s F=Coagulated, settled, filtered; D = Chlorinated. » A part of supply is from ground water sources. FI6.T - 2A SEWERED POPULATION OR. EQUIVALENT IN THOUSANDS (B.O.DT SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT IN THOUSANDS (B.O.D,) HOT E '• LABORATORY RESULTS FOR, WORST MONTH OF RECORD AND PRIOR. TO COMPLETION OF CHICKAMAGUA, 6UNTERSVILLE AND FORT LOUDOUN DAMS. Coliforms per ml. (M.P.N.) LEGEND Dam '-Indicated Pollution Removed by Treatment Water Supply Into He FIGURE T-2A TENNESSEE RIVER. SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND SELECTED T.V.A. LABORATORY RESULTS OHIO R.IVEB. POLLUTION SUR.VEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SER.VICE (Face p.818) No. 1 GPO-43 0 - 90035 FIG. T-2B SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT IN THOUSANDS (B.O.D.) SEWERED POPULATION OR EQUIVALENT IN THOUSANDS (B.O.D.) LEGEND Dom -Indicated Pollution Removed by Treotment Water Supply IntaKe MILES TO MOUTH OF TENNESSEE RIVER. riSURE T z-ft TENNESSEE RIVER SOURCES Or POLLUTION UPPER. TRIBUTARI ES OHIO RIV Eft. POLLUTION SURVEY U S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE (Face p. 818) No. 2 GPO - 43 0 - 90035 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 819 In general, the water supplies are adequate and have been an important factor in recent industrial growth. The character of sup- plies obtained from the main river may be expected to change due to transition from river to lake conditions. There will be a tendency for algae to increase and chemical quality to become more uniform. Turbidities will decrease. Taste and odor troubles have been experienced at Knoxville attributed to industrial wastes. Sewerage.—There are 170 sewered municipalities in the basin, 44 of which have sewage-treatment plants, other than septic tanks. In general, treatment is found only in the smaller communities that are located on tributaries. Table T-3 summarizes the sewered population together with industrial wastes. 820 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table T-3.—Tennessee River Basin: Sources of significant pollution including industrial wastes expressed as sewered population equivalent (ibiochemical oxygen demand) Municipality Tributary Receiving stream River mileage from mouth of— Popula- tion con- nected to sewers Treatment Sewered population equivalent (bio- chemical oxygen de- mand) Tennessee Rive? Tribu- tary Un- treated Discharged Sheffield, Ala_. Tennessee River 252 25»- 258 304.5 357.5 462 504i 4 591.6 601.0 647 44 107 186.6 243.3 308 332 252 323.8 352.0 375 444.7 458.5 456.2 314 339.4 466.9 505.2 481.4 532 547.3 555.0 613.3 556.3 583 627 836 5,000 8.300 3.300 14,000 3,000 102,500 1,200 1.500 2,200 90, 600 3,600 7,100 0 7.400 2,200 3,300 3,000 3,600 3.200 3.600 2, 300 2.700 28,000 3.500 19,100 2,000 1.200 3.500 7,000 5.700 2.600 1.500 2,000 3,000 1,600 3.400 5.800 11,900 3.300 17,500 3,000 313,300 2.900 5.100 3,200 171,40Q 3.900 7.100 19,300 14, 200 4,000 4.300 3,000 3.800 4.400 4.800 3.300 6,000 28,000 3,500 20,200 51,100 7.600 3,500 12, 200 6.300 2.600 3.600 2.600 82,400 6.800 3.400 5.800 11,900 2,100 17,500 3,000 313,300 1,900 5.100 3.200 171,400 2,600 7.100 19, 300 14.200 600 4, 300 3,000 2.500 4.400 4.800 3.300 6,000 4.200 3.500 20.200 50.400 7.600 500 6.300 6,300 1,700 3.600 1,900 82.400 6.800 3.400 Florence, Ala... . Tank Wilson Dam, Ala- do Primary.. Decatur, Ala . _ do Guntersville, Ala do Chattanooga, Tenn do Tank ... Dayton, Tenn do Primary. . Loudon, Tenn do do _. Lenoir City, Tenn . do Knoxville, Tenn-.. ... do Murray, Ky Clarks Run East Fork 42 40 75.9 132.6 197.4 221.3 2 66.1 66.7 90.0 159.7 173.3 171.0 13 18.6 6.7 37.0 13.2 33.0 47.8 55.5 113.8 4.4 12 59 180 Primary. _ Paris, Tenn ... - Wrigiey, Tenn Duck River . Columbia, Tenn do Lewisburg, Tenn do Secondary. Shelbyville, Tenn- . do Tuscumbia, Ala - - Lawrenceburg, Tenn Primary.. Pulaski, Tenn Elk River Fayetteville, Tenn do Elk River Winchester, Tenn . _ Tullahoma, Tenn do... Camp Forrest, Tenn do.. Secondary. Athens, Ala ... _ Swan Creek - - Huntsville, Ala Huntsville Spring Creek . Rossville, Ga... Primary.. Chickamauga, Ga South Chickamauga Creek . . Fort Oglethorpe, Ga ... do r Secondary. Cleveland, Tenn__ .............. Hiwassee River _ Athens, Tenn ... . do Etowah, Tenn do Primary.. Andrews, N. C do .. .. Rockwood, Tenn ... ... King Creek Primary. _ Harriman, Tenn Emory River Clinton, Tenn... Clinch River. . . ... Big Stone Gap, Va Powell River. Powell River .. do OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 821 do B39 183 2,500 do 2,500 2,500 Sweetwater Creek 604 19 2,400 Tank 16,000 16,000 Little Tennessee River Scott Creek 701.2 99.7 900 None 99,600 99,600 Pistol Creek - 648 5 4,700 Secondary. 4,700 700 do 649 6 5,800 Primary -. 6‘, 000 4,000 705.5 53 1,000 do. 7,600 7,300 Turkey Creek 730.0 79 5,500 None 6,800 6,800 South 'Holston River 799 147 9,600 do 179,100 179,100 Brush Creek ... 837 23 20,300 do 20,700 20,700 Watauga River. 839 25 7,300 do 53,900 53,900 Beaver Creek. 833 39.8 8,400 do 9,900 9,900 do 834 40.8 6,500 do 23,500 23,500 Mouth of Holston River 908 113.7 7,000 Primary.. 7,000 4,500 Little Pigeon River 684.5 5.0 400 None 3,300 3,300 Richland Creek 775.3 54.1 5,200 Secondary. 6,400 2,600 North Indian Creek ... 721.2 90 3,400 None 3,400 3,400 Pigeon River 733 7 2,100 do 31,800 31,800 782 54 3,400 do 16,300 16,300 do... 789 63 5,100 do 260,100 260,100 French Broad River 800 149 67,500 ....(>) 151,300 149, 700 846 194 2,300 None 6,000 6,000 do.. 868 206 0 do. 7,200 7,200 Mud Creek 828 8 5,100 do 6,300 6,300 Davidson River 844.8 192 0 do 41,400 41,400 57,200 Various... 77,200 69,900 591,300 1,897,300 1,832, 600 i 2 small secondary-treatment plants serve 1,900 population. 822 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Industrial wastes.—Data on 227 waste-producing industrial plants are summarized in table T-4. Pulp and paper industries and chemical plants are the largest producers of industrial pollution. These two types of industry account for over half of the basin’s pollution load and constitute the major problem of pollution control. The sewered population equivalent of industrial waste discharged to municipal sewers is 123,500 or about 10 percent of the total industrial waste. Table T-4.— Tennessee River Basin: Summary of Industrial Wastes not Dis- charging to municipal treatment plants, with total of entire industrial waste load in the basin Number Industrial waste disposal At least minor Estimated sewered population Industry of plants Munici- pal sewers Private outlet corrective measures taken equivalent (biochemical oxygen de- mand) Cannery. 24 6 18 2 38,400 353, 200 40,200 9,500 584, 400 Chemical 21 2 19 11 Meat 19 11 8 2 Milk 26 17 9 2 Pulp and paper 9 2 7 8 Tannery ’.I 9 2 7 2 79,900 138, 700 56,300 Textiles' 80 37 43 1 Miscellaneous _ 39 4 35 13 Waste unconnected municipal treat- ment 227 81 146 41 \ 1, 300, 600 Wastes discharged to municipal treatment 5,400 Total industrial waste in the basin 1,306,000 By States: Alabama. 9,400 57,000 300 Georgia. Kentucky Mississippi 0 North Carolina.. 508,500 712, 500 18, 300 Tennessee Virginia... Presentation of Laboratory Data Complete summaries of laboratory results for the Tennessee River Basin are presented in tables T-7 and T-7A (pp. 834 and 844). A part of the laboratory observations for the Tennessee Basin was carried out by two mobile laboratory units during November 1940, and January, February, and March 1941. Since 1936 extensive stream pollution studies of the Tennessee River Basin have been carried on by the Tennessee Valley Authority in cooperation with the several States that make up this area. A report titled “Studies of the Pollution of the Tennessee River System,'” was published in February 1941, and it is anticipated that subsequent reports will be made. From March 1939 to February 1941, the Ohio River pollution survey actively cooperated with the Tennessee Valley Authority in their pollution studies. Data collected prior to 1939 have been made available to the Ohio River pollution survey and have been freely used in this report. Included with these data were chemical results on Duck River samples analyzed by the Tennessee Department of Health. TENNESSEE BASIN COLIFORM RESULTS 5 i a (t V oo to to © M 0> -O o o «• w cm FIG. T-3 LEGEND Average Coliform Results at Sampling Stations Symbol Mo*' number per ml. Under 25 26- 50 5 I -100 101-200 0v«r 200 T.V.A.Deto OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 Fig. T-3 Fig. T-4 TENNESSEE BASIN DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS Fig. T-4 KEN TUCKY 9 P n p V oo to to 3 o to © o o CD CD u» tfl FIG T-4 LEGEND Avorogo Dissolved Oxygon Rosults of Somplmg Stations Symbol Dissolv'd Oxygon Por Cont Saturation Ovtr 80 60 to 60 40.1 to 60 40 or Ion 0.0 T.V.A.Doto OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1941 TENNESSEE BASIN BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (Face p.822) No. 3 BPO -43 O-MMS FIG T -5 LEGEND Average B. 0. D. Result* at Sompling Stations. Symbol (Me r mo I temfiei) p. pm. 0.0 lo 3.0 3.1 lo 3.0 Over 5.0 T.V.A. Data Acid Stream Samples (Neutralized Seeded) OHIO RIVER POLLUTION SURVEY U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 1141 Fig. T-5 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 823 Selected monthly average laboratory results at some of the prin- cipal points in the basin are tabulated with flows on sampling days and the minimum monthly flows of record in table T-5. Selected results have been chosen for low dissolved oxygen or high coliform findings and, in general, represent the most unfavorable conditions during sampling. Table T-5.— Tennessee River Basin: Selected laboratory data River .. Location River miles above mouth of Tennessee.. Period, 1936 Tennes- see Above Knox- ville, Tenn. 650.6 August Tennes- see At Knox- ville, Tenn. 645.5 August Tennes- see Below Knox- ville, Tenn. 638.9 August Tennes- see Below Knox- ville, Tenn. 625.1 August Tennes- see Above Chatta- nooga, Tenn. 472.1 July Tennes- see Below Chatta- nooga, Tenn. 460.8 July i Tennes- see Below Chatta- nooga, Tenn. 452.2 July Number of samples Flow in cubic feet per second: 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 Sampling days Minimum month 4,500 1,830 28.3 4, 500 1, 830 4,300 1,830 4,600 1.830 15,800 16,200 16,500 M ater temperature, °C___ 29.2 29.3 29 0 28.4 28/4 28.5 Coliforms, per milliliter ... Dissolved oxygen, parts per 33 650 900 75 23 700 425 million Biochemical oxygen demand 5.72 5.14 4.39 4.95 5.91 6.03 5.56 6-day, parts per million 1.12 1.57 1.32 1.20 1.24 1.04 1.29 River Tennes- Tennes- Tennes- Tennes- Tennes- Tennes- Tennes- see see see see see see see Location Above Below Below Above Below Below Below River miles above mouth of Decatur 1 Decatur1 Decatur1 Florence Tuscum- bia Tuscum- bia Nortons Bluff Bridge Tennessee 307.6 302.5 296.0 256.6 251.8 241.5 5.3 Period, 1937 June 1 June 1 June 1 August August August Septem- ber 1940 Number of samples Flow in cubic feet per second: 5 5 5 3 4 3 4 Sampling days... Minimum month 23,400 23, 400 23, 400 25, 200 3, 760 28.8 26, 400 25, 200 26, 300 5, 070 22.3 Water temperature, °C ... 27.7 28.0 28.0 28.9 28.7 Coliforms, per milliliter. Dissolved oxygen, parts per 22 38 26 (') 27 7.7 (’) million Biochemical oxygen demand, 6. 91 6.78 6. 97 7. 43 7.08 6.78 8.2 6-day, parts per million .86 1.13 1.32 0. 98 1.10 0. 93 0.8 MAIN RIVER—MOST UNFAVORABLE DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS MAIN RIVER—MOST UNFAVORABLE COLIFORM RESULTS River. Location River miles above mouth of Tennessee Period Tennes- see Above Knoxville 650.5 October 1936 Tennes- see At Knox- ville 645.5 June 1936 Tennes- see Below Knoxville 638.9 Septem- ber 1936 Tennes- see Below Knoxville 625.1 July 1936 Tennes- see Below Loudon 591 February 1941 Tennes- see Above Chatta- nooga 472.1 January 1937 Tennes- see Below Chatta- nooga 457.1 Septem- ber 1936 Number of samples 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 Flow in cubic feet per second: 9,080 Sampling days.. 15,100 5,200 4,200 6, 700 121,000 14, 200 Minimum month .. 1,830 1,830 1,830 1,830 2,860 3,990 3, 990 Water temperature0 C 17.6 27.0 26.6 26.7 5.0 12.0 26.0 Coliforms, per milliliter... 170 1,800 2,000 325 11 100 2,200 Dissolved oxygen, parts per 5. 84 11.0 9. 57 million 7. 51 6. 34 4. 42 6. 25 Biochemical oxygen demand, 1.10 3.5 5-day, parts per million 2.69 1.68 1.88 1.42 .82 i Also worst coliform month. 2 Less than one 824 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table T-5.—Tennessee River Basin: Selected laboratory data—Continued MAIN RIVER—MOST UNFAVORABLE DISSOLVED OXYGEN RESULTS—Continued River Location.. Tennes- see Below Chatta- Tennes- see South Pittsburg Tennes- see Bridge- port Tennes- see Above Florence Tennessee River Below Tuscumbia Tennes- see Nortons Bluff River miles above mouth of Tennessee Period.. nooga 452.2 Septem- ber 1936 418 February 1941 414 February 1941 256.6 May 1937 251.8 June 1937 241.5 June 1937 Bridge 5.3 Novem- ber 1940 Number of samples. .. 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 Flow in cubic feet per second: Sampling days 14,200 3,990 26.5 13,100 13,100 63,000 3,760 20.8 22,400 22, 400 24,200 5,070 18.9 Water temperature, °C 6.5 6.3 26.1 25.9 Coliforms, per milliliter 2,400 16 20 5.8 8.5 120 4 Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 6. 24 10.8 10.8 9.52 8. 31 7.97 10.2 Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day, parts per million. .. . 1.0 1.7 2.1 1.25 1.34 1.20 .7 TRIBUTARIES River Location River miles above— Confluence with Tennessee River.. Mouth of Tennessee Period, 1937 Powell Below Big Stone Gap 163 815 March 1941 South Holston Below Bristol 168 820 August North Holston At Kings- port 142 794.5 August Watauga Below Eliza- bethton 188 840 March 1941 Watauga Below John- son City 177 829 August South Holston Below Kings- port 143 795 August Holston At mouth 0.1 652.2 January Number of samples Flow in cubic feet per second: 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Sampling days Minimum month. 211 940 600 1,398 970 2,360 19, 500 795 Water temperature, °C... 3.8 24.2 23 6.3 25.5 26.3 10.8 Coliforms, per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 280 250 23 357 240 950 43 million Biochemical oxygen demand, 12.8 6.7 7.5 6.3 6.4 4.6 9.85 5-day, parts per million. 3.0 1.5 .9 9.9 1.4 6.8 2.58 River French Broad French Broad French Broad Pigeon Pigeon Pigeon Pistol Creek Location. River miles above— Confluence with Tennessee At mouth Above Asheville Below Asheville Above Canton Below Canton At New- port Below Alcoa River 0.4 152 133 139 137 81 12 Mouth of Tennessee. 652. 5 804 785 791 789.5 733 647 Period October March March March March August February 1936 1941 1941 1941 1941 1937 1941 Nunber of samples Flow in cubic feet per second: 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 Sampling days Minimum month 11,000 1,125 17.1 903 1,017 328 128 128 580 158 28 7 Water temperature, °C 1.0 3.2 1.2 4.3 23.7 7.8 Coliforms, per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 375 24 438 14 1,040 1,600 1,420 million Biochemical oxygen demand, 7. 39 11.0 10.9 12.4 0.9 0.9 7.7 5-day, parts per million 2.25 1.8 2.7 1.3 238 7.7 6.6 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 825 Table T-5.— Tennessee River Basin: Selected laboratory data—Continued TRIBUTARIES—Continued River... Clinch Hiwassee At Ocoee Ocoee At mouth Sequat- chie At mouth Rose- berry Creek Below Spring Creek 3 miles River miles above— Confluence with Tennessee River. Mouth of Tennessee Period, 1941 1 569 August 1937 Charles- ton 15 515 February Copper- hill 68 568 February 35 535 February 423 February Scotts- boro 1 383 February below Hunts- ville 16 337 January N umber of samples Flow in cubic feet per second: 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 Sampling days 2,080 400 1,600 169 602 430 8 54 Water temperature, °C 22 3.0 5.0 4.5 6.8 5.0 8.5 Coliforms, per milliliter Dissolved oxygen,«parts per 350 1 (s) 1 (a) 1,980 363 million Biochemical oxygen demand, 6. 02 11.9 6.4 11.6 11.4 8.4 8.2 5-day, parts per million 3. 49 0.7 i 6.0 0.6 0.7 45 2.2 River Swan Creek Richland Creek Rock Creek Rock Creek Elk Duck Duck Location.. Below Below Below Below Below Below Below River miles above— Athens, Ala. Pulaski Tulla- homa Lewis- burg Fayette- ville Shelby- ville Colum- bia Confluence with Tennessee River. 11 66 172 196 88 216 130 Mouth of Tennessee 311 351 457 306.5 373 326 240 Period January 1941 January 1941 February 1941 January 1941 August 1938 July 1938 August 1938 Number of samples Flow in cubic feet per second: 3 3 3 3 2 2 5 Sampling days Minimum month.. _ 90 501 30 5 67 819 115 318 83 1,180 39 Water temperature, °C 8.5 8.8 5.0 8.5 26 26.5 28.4 Coliforms, per milliliter Dissolved oxygen, parts per 817 337 7,030 410 31 300 600 million _ Biochemical oxygen demand, 9.6 10.8 6.9 10.2 6.9 6.2 5.7 5-day, parts per million ... 3.0 3.8 34.2 2.9 1.3 1.2 1.7 1 Seeded and neutralized. 2 Less than l. Figures T-3 and T-4 show the distribution of coliforni bacteria and dissolved oxygen, respectively, at the various sampling points throughout the basin, as based on average results during the most unfavorable month of observations at each point. In general, the higher coliforin results tended to occur during months of high stages, whereas the lower dissolved oxygen results coincided with lower stream flows and high temperatures. As indicated by bacteriological findings, over 90 percent of the sampling stations not immediately below sources of pollution showed coliforni organism concentrations of less than 200 per milliliter. The more important points where high coliform results were found are below Asheville and Canton, N. C., and Kingsport, Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Columbia, Tenn. Poor oxygen conditions were found on the Tennessee River below Knoxville and Chattanooga and on the tributaries below Bristol, Canton, Copperhill, Cleveland, Tullahoma, Harriman, Kingsport, and Sylva. The low oxygen results found below Bristol, Copperhill, Canton, Harriman, Kingsport, and Sylva are largely due to indus- trial wastes. 826 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Acid stream conditions were observed in the vicinity of Copperhill on the Ocoee River. Figure T-2 shows dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, and coliform results for sections of the main river at Knox- ville, Chattanooga, Decatur, and Florence. These data were chosen for the month showing the most unfavorable dissolved oxygen condi- tions. These results are typical of a stream receiving pollution and show the effect of natural stream recovery. Figure T-5 shows the results of biochemical oxygen demand analyses at the various sampling stations throughout the basin, and reflects the quantity of unstable organic material that must be oxidized. Hydrometric Data Two hundred and thirty stream gaging stations have been maintained on the Tennessee River Basin for varying periods, 158 stations of which are active at the present time. Eight stations of importance from the pollution standpoint have been selected and the monthly mean summer flows for the 3 years in which the lowest summer flows have occurred are presented in table T-6. Figure T-6 presents low-flow frequency curves of the minimum monthly mean flows from June to September, inclusive, for the French Broad River at Dandridge and for the Pigeon River at New- port. These curves indicate that the expectancy of low monthly mean summer flows is as follows: Location Minimum monthly mean summer flows in cubic feet per second that may be expected once in— 2 years 5 years 10 years Minimum Newport, Tenn 500 3,280 360 2,320 320 2,000 158 973 Dandridge, Tenn With the completion of the proposed dams in the Tennessee River Basin, the Tennessee Valley Authority estimates the expected mini- mum weekly average controlled flows (May through September) to be as follows: 2 Location Miles above mouth Flow in cubic feet per second Typical dry year Typical wet year 648 Fort Loudon Dam 591 4,750 11, 600 14, 900 5, 250 530 17,250 19,850 Chickamauga Dam 471 461 Hales Bar Dam. 431 15, 500 16, 400 17,700 18,300 19,900 20, 700 25.200 Guntersville Dam 349 275 27, 800 259 28,400 207 30, 400 2 Additional reservoirs now under construction in connection with the defense program will further increase these fiows. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 827 Percent of Years Minimum Monthly Mean Discharge Equaled or Exceeded (Only June-July-August- September considered) FIGURE T-6 SUMMER LOW FLOW FREQUENCY CURVES FRENCH BROAD R. AT D A N D R I D G E , T E N N. 1919 -1939 PIGEON RIVER AT NEWPORT, TENN. . 1903-1939 , . I I I U.S.P.H.S.— 1941 Monthly Mean Discharge in c.f.s. 828 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Table T—6.—Tennessee River Basin; Monthly mean summer flows for years in which low summer flows have occurred River Tennessee At Knox- ville Tennessee At Chat- Tennessee South Fork, Holston At Kings- port 148 800 1,931 1925-40 River miles above— Confluence with Tennessee tanooga sonville Mouth of Tennessee Drainage area (square miles) Period of record 648 8,934 1900-40 468 21,400 1874-40 100 38,520 1890-40 Year 1904 1881 1897 1930 June.. cubic feet per second.. 6,660 19, 600 26,400 911 July do 5,980 12, 400 32,200 662 August do 6. 460 8,080 24,100 1.050 September do 3, 290 14, 500 11,500 736 Year... 1925 1883 1903 1932 June .cubic feet per second.. 4,790 25, 300 66,800 1, 710 July 3,960 15, 700 26,900 1, 330 August do > 1,830 10, 500 20,700 900 September do 1, 850 7,610 11, 200 i 630 Year 1932 1925 1925 1939 June .cubic feet per second. _ 8,240 10,800 14,600 1,409 July do 7,550 9. 370 13, 600 1,842 August do 5,200 4. 760 8.130 1,295 September 3,130 1 3,990 1 4, 780 634 River Pigeon French Little Emory Broad Tennessee Location Newport Dandridge At McGee Oakdale River miles above— Confluence with Tennessee. 6 45 19 21 Mouth of Tennessee... . 732 697 620 589 Drainage area (square miles).. _ 655 4,446 2,443 758 Period of record . 1903-29 1919-40 1905-40 1930-40 Year..: - 1914 1919 1914 1930 June... .cubic feet per second.. 603 5.820 2,660 64 July 461 4, 740 2,680 20 August 534 3,310 2,260 8 September 308 1,770 1, 620 13 Year 1919 1925 1919 1935 June - .cubic feet per second.. 843 2,240 4,720 386 July do 927 2,030 3,610 105 August 643 981 2, 720 10S September 313 ‘ 973 1, 420 i 6 Year 1925 1932 1925 1936 June .cubic feet per second.. 457 4,670 2,400 16 July 328 3. 750 1,850 48 August do 1 158 3,010 1,140 3C September 180 1, 770 609 24 i Minimum month. 829 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Discussion Due to the rural character of the Tennessee River Basin, there are large areas where problems of pollution are of a minor nature. In many sections of the basin, high-stream flows lessen the effects of pollution There are a few highly developed industrial areas and pollution problems of consequence are primarily the result of industrial wastes. Only at Chattanooga and Knoxville, Tenn., and at Asheville and vicinity in North Carolina does sewage account for an appreciable portion of pollution problems of more than local significance. Even at these places, industrial wastes are at least equally important with sewage and at Chattanooga, industrial waste dominates the situation. Pollution problems of consequence, due almost entirely to indus- trial wastes, exist at and below Harriman and Kingsport, Tenn., and on the Pigeon River in North Carolina and below in Tennessee. Minor pollution problems, of local significance only, exist at a number of moderate sized and small communities on minor streams. Corrective measures at these points are included in the cost estimates but discussion has been omitted. TENNESSEE RIVER The nine dams located on the main stream make the river essentially a chain of lakes. These dams have reduced the river velocity, result- ing in the settling out of solids and a decrease-in turbidity. The consequent increase in light penetration has stimulated biological activity and this phenomenon has been charged with bringing taste and odor troubles to water plants. The pooling of the river has undoubtedly caused an increased formation of sludge banks in the vicinity of sewer outfalls. Chattanooga —The metropolitan area is the most highly industrialized area of the basin. A pollutional load of 373,000 population equivalent is discharged to the stream, of which 268,000 is contributed by indus- try. Chattanooga Creek which receives waste from Rossville, Ga., and the southern part of Chattanooga (population equivalent 228,000) is probably the most highly polluted stream in the basin. Floating oil, scum, color, and septic conditions have made the stream a disgrace. Offensive odors are prevalent and cause local nuisances. The water of Chattanooga Creek is unfit for domestic purposes and most indus- trial uses and, in addition, pollutes the main river for a considerable distance downstream promoting conditions adverse to further indus- trial development. Laboratory findings show dissolved oxygen in the stream falls to 5.5 parts per million and it is indicated that values less than this will be found with lower flows. Below the city, coliform organisms in the main river were found to be in excess of 200 per milliliter for 50 percent of the months sampled. Little effort is being made to treat wastes in this area and existing works are either overloaded or not in operation. Unsightly conditions exist near all sewer outlets; discoloration and floating materials are common. The water supply intake is located above nearly all of the local pollution. Difficulties experienced in water treatment have been caused by pollution originating as far upstream as Saltville, Va. 830 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Primary treatment works are amply warranted for the prevention of sludge banks and the elimination of floating material. Some bene- fit to pollution abatement may accrue from the control of low water flow by upstream reservoirs. Knoxville.—This city’s wastes have a population equivalent of 171,000, of which 81,000 is attributed to industrial waste. There is no treatment of wastes either domestic or industrial. This load of pollution taxes the river’s capacity for recovery and records show dissolved oxygen falling to 4.0 parts per million. Below the city coliform organisms have averaged 650 per milliliter during the summer months. Unsightly floating material is found below the city and septic conditions with resultant odor nuisances may be expected with minimum flows. In view of the present conditions and future pos- sibilities, primary treatment of all wastes should be installed. The water supply for the city of Knoxville is at times damaged by industrial wastes from upstream plants. This is the most serious condition in the entire basin. During low flows these industrial wastes give the water a high color, create excessive chlorine demands, and cause taste and odor troubles. Low flows are usually encountered during the fall and early winter. FRENCH BROAD RIVER This stream and its tributaries drain 13 percent of the total basin, receive 34 percent of the industrial pollution load and 29 percent of the total pollution load. Practically all of the pollution on this water- shed arises in North Carolina. No treatment of domestic sewage is practiced and only isolated instances of industrial waste treatment are found. Water supplies, in general, are obtained from the head- waters of the streams so there is little damage to the supplies from wastes. However, the main stream is rendered unsuitable for either domestic or many industrial uses. Pigeon River.—This stream is the principal waste-carrying tribu- tary, receiving a pollutional load of 309,000 population equivalent, of which 298,000 is from industrial wastes. For almost its entire length this stream is grossly polluted from paper mills, tanneries, and canneries. In color the stream is inky black with quantities of yellow- ish brown foam on its surface. At times the dissolved oxygen ap- proaches zero and the chlorine demand is high. The effect of wastes discharged to this stream has caused trouble at the Knoxville water plant. During low flows a high color carried over to the filters and the chlorine demand taxed equipment capacity. In addition, real- estate values of riparian property have been damaged by the appear- ance of the stream. One tannery gives preliminary treatment to its industrial waste by sedimentation which greatly reduces its load on the stream. A further reduction of the polluting materials discharged to the Pigeon River is imperative. The problem is difficult of solution because of paper mill waste. A preliminary step that should be taken and one which will probably be included in the ultimate solution of the problem is sedimentation of all wastes from the paper mills, tanneries, and canneries. Increased research in treatment processes with a view of possible recovery of valuable byproducts is amply justified. OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 831 Asheville, N. C., and vicinity.—Buncombe County, of which Ashe- ville is the county seat, is located along the French Broad River and contributes a pollutional load of 150,000 sewered population equiva- lent. This county is extensively sewered and practically all wastes not originating on the river banks are discharged to public sewers. Industrial wastes are contributed by rayon, textile, and meat-packing establishments. None of the wastes are treated and the condition of the stream is such that it is not used for either water supply or recre- ation. Primary treatment of all wastes to remove color, floating material, and solids is indicated. Brevard, N. C.—Pollution of the French Broad is most serious in this vicinity where industrial wastes from the manufacture of paper, tannic acid, and leather have discolored the stream for many miles. Treatment to remove this color is desirable from an aesthetic stand- point and to make the stream usable for water supply and recreation. One tannery in this vicinity uses sedimentation to reduce the strength of its industrial waste. HOLSTON RIVER This stream and its tributaries receive a pollutional load of 316,000 population equivalent of which 247,000 is contributed by industrial wastes. Major water supplies are obtained from the river, many of them downstream from large sources of pollution. Recovery of the stream due to natural purification leaves the water at the mouth gener- ally suitable for domestic and most industrial water supplies. Hard- ness, added by industrial wastes, causes damage for some distance but becomes less objectionable with increased flow in the lower reaches of the river. Nuisance conditions exist in the immediate vicinity of the larger towns. Kingsport, Tenn.—In and below this city is found the most grossly polluted section of the Holston River. Here it receives the industrial wastes from a rayon and wood products plant, a paper mill and other miscellaneous establishments, in addition to untreated domestic sewage. The river in this section contains considerable floating and suspended matter and presents an unsightly appearance. One large water supply for a paper mill is taken from this polluted section. Remedial measures should be taken to reduce the pollutional load. Primary treatment of domestic sewage by tried methods is indicated. Industrial waste treatment would probably involve segregation of wastes, chemical precipitation and evaporation of strong wastes. Elizabethton, Tenn.—At this city all wastes are discharged directly to the Watauga River, a tributary of the Holston River. Industrial wastes from the manufacture of rayon contribute a population equiva- lent of 47,000. By a revision of plant operation and the installation of copper recovery apparatus, one plant has reduced the amount of iron being discharged to the stream with a subsequent improvement in appearance. Viscose rayon waste is passed through basins to neutral- ize and settle out fiber. There is no treatment of domestic waste and odor nuisances exist in the vicinity of outfalls. Primary treatment of domestic waste and further treatment of the viscose rayon waste is indicated. 90035—44—pt. 2 44 832 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL The mining and washing of manganese ore has discolored the Watauga River. This situation could be remedied by settling and recirculation of wash waters. Saltville, Va.—Industrial wastes of a chemical nature are discharged and add hardness to the North Fork of the Holston River. Treat- ment by settling removes quantities of solids and under usual condi- tions dilution is sufficient to care for the effluent. However, on at least two occasions retaining walls have broken, releasing accumu- lated sludge. This material, high in chlorides, killed fish and caused difficulties with the operation of downstream water supplies. The recurrence of these conditions should be guarded against by proper construction of treatment works. LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER The only major problem on this tributary is found at Sylva, N. C., where the untreated wastes from a paper mill, a tannery, and a tannic- acid plant grossly pollute the stream. Conditions encountered are typical, brown or black color, foam, high organic and low oxygen con- tent, and the usual odors. Physical conditions are favorable for nat- ural purification of the stream but are not sufficient to eliminate the nuisance conditions that prevail for many miles downstream. Plant operations should be revised to permit a minimum of pollutional matter to reach the stream. CLINCH RIVER This river drains a rural area and, in general, the pollution problems are of minor importance and of local interest only. Harriman, Tenn., on the Emory River, a tributary of the Clinch, presents the only major problem. Industrial wastes from textile plants and a paper mill have a population equivalent of 79,000 and tax the recovery capacity of the river. During low flows, the river is highly colored and septic conditions exist. There is no treatment of wastes. Con- ditions may be aggravated when backwater from Watts Bar Dam reduces the velocity of the river so that pollution is not rapidly car- ried downstream. A reduction of the pollutional load is warranted. This could be accomplished by treating textile and domestic wastes by proven methods and a revision of paper-mill operation so that a minimum of waste is discharged. HIWASSEE RIVER The mining of copper and iron and the manufacture of sulfuric acid near Copperhill, Tenn., release large amounts of inorganic and chemical substances to the river. A load of 136 tons of suspended solids is discharged daily. Many of the solids discharged come from the settling ponds that receive the tailings from the flotation process. The manufacturer is attempting to neutralize the acidity of the waste by the addition of lime so that the stream is not corrosive to metallic structures downstream. The large amount of suspended solids has colored the stream a reddish brown with a floc-like precipitate appar- ent just below the surface. On reaching Parksville Reservoir, the OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 833 solids settle out and are gradually filling up the lake. Conditions are aggravated during rains due to excess erosion of the denuded soil. As the stream leaves the Parksville Dam, it has practically recovered from the effects of organic pollution. It is suggested that neutralization of waste be continued and additional efforts made to keep solids out of the river. None of the larger communities on this watershed employs sewage treatment and consequently local nuisance conditions exist below some outfall sewers. There is a history of fish being killed by spills, presumably accidental, of strong waste. Camp Forrest, Term.—This new military camp has taken measures to insure against causing nuisance conditions. Secondary treatment of sewage with provision for chlorination of the effluent has been pro- vided. Despite these precautions, some trouble has been experi- enced primarily because of a growth to a full load that was not anticipated. Estimates of cost of suggested remedial measures have been presented in table T-l. ELK RIVER 834 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million North Fork, Holston River, 1 mile TeHoNf 880 Feb. 28,1941 74 1.0 13.7 96.4 1.9 (0 7.5 5 99 72 above Saltville, Va. Do do Mar. 6,1941 Mar. 12,1941 148 2.0 13.0 93.6 2.2 8 7.4 5 66 Do do 1,640 74 5.0 12.1 94.2 1.4 24 7.2 69 42 North Fork, Holston River, below TeHoNf 877 Feb. 28,1941 4.0 11.8 89.9 4.3 15 8.8 61 119 62 alkali works, Saltville, Va. Do do Mar. 6,1941 Mar. 12,1941 Mar. 3,1941 148 4.0 12.4 94.1 1.5 4 7.9 10 73 Do. do 1,640 3 5.0 12.1 94.8 2.1 36 7.2 75 42 Little Moccasin Creek corporate TeHoNfLm 810... 7.5 13.2 110.0 2.1 15 8.1 5 186 131 limits above Gate City, Va. Do do Mar. 7,1941 Mar. 13,1941 Mar. 3,1941 60 7.0 11.4 93.5 4.3 93 7.4 1,700 107 Do do 10 7.0 11.3 93.0 2.1 110 7.7 25 143 Little Moccasin Creek corporate TeHoNfLm 808... 3 7.0 12.4 102.1 15.3 2,400 7.9 10 197 141 limits below Gate City. Do do Mar. 7,1941 Mar. 13,1941 Mar. 3,1941 60 7.0 11. 2 91.9 5.1 230 7.4 1,600 20 133 Do do.. 10 6.5 11.1 89.9 3.2 150 7.7 152 North Fork Holston River, 3 miles TeHoNf 702 775 7.0 13.1 107.6 2.1 1 7.7 5 96 765 north of Kingsport, Tenn. Do do Mar. 7,1941 Mar. 13,1941 Feb. 28,1941 4,280 8,130 5.0 12.1 94.4 2. 5 24 7.6 55 84 Do. do.. 5.0 11.8 91.9 4.2 4 7.5 110 76 Laurel Creek, above Damascus, Va... TeHoSfL 881 24 .5 13.7 94.7 1.7 4 7.2 5 43 21 Do. do Mar. 6,1941 Mar. 12,1941 Feb. 28,1941 71 2.0 13.4 97.0 1.5 9 6.7 5 33 Do do.. 55 4.0 12.7 96.9 1.4 4 6.5 5 16 Beaver Creek, above Damascus, Va._ TeHoSfLB 882.... 36 .5 13.7 95.0 1.2 2 6.6 5 38 13 Do do. Mar. 6,1941 Mar. 12,1941 Feb. 28,1941 208 2.0 13.3 90.0 1. 1 4 6.4 5 22 Do... ... do 140 4.0 12.5 95.5 1.9 4 6.2 25 10 Beaver Creek, below Damascus, Va_. TeHoSfLB 879.... 60 .5 13.3 92.4 3.5 93 6.7 5 54 15 Do . Mar. 6,1941 Feb. 28,1941 279 2.0 13.0 93.9 1.3 43 6.4 5 21 Middle Fork Holston River, 2 miles TeHoSfMf 1020.... 5 2.0 11.7 84.5 2.5 2 7.5 5 96 81 east of Marion, Va. Do do... Mar. 6,1941 Mar. 12,1941 Feb. 28,1941 3 2.0 11.9 85.8 2.9 2 7.5 5 76 Do do ... 131 3.0 12.4 92.1 2.0 24 7.3 38 41 Middle Fork, Holston River, west TeHoSfMf 1017.... 33 2.0 11.9 85.7 5.1 930 7.5 5 117 84 corporate limits, Marion, Va. Do do Mar. 6,1941 Mar. 12,1941 40 3.0 11.3 83.7 5.6 430 7.5 10 99 Do do 131 3.0 12.4 91.7 2.6 430 7.2 49 45 Table T—7.—Tennessee River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data SUMMARY OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 835 Wolf Creek sewage disposal plant, TeHoSfW 863 Feb. 28,1941 15 4.0 11.3 86.4 8.2 43 7.6 10 202 139 Abingdon, Va. Do do Mar. 6,1941 15 6.0 11.3 90.9 6.1 21 7.7 5 197 Do do... Mar. 12,1941 36 7.0 11.0 90.4 4.3 230 7.7 40 168 South Fork, Holston River, near TeHoSf 824 Mar. 5,1941 682 5.0 12.9 101.1 .5 4 7.6 5 99 65 Bluff City, Tenn. Do ...do Mar. 11,1941 3,460 6.0 11.3 90.4 3.1 23 7.4 200 70 Beaver Creek, above paper plant, TeHoSfBe 834 Mar. 3,1941 11 7.5 12.3 102.7 1.5 2 8.1 5 212 154 above Bristol, Va. Do... do_ Mar. 7,1941 45 6.0 11.5 91.8 4.0 93 7.8 360 191 Do do Mar. 13| 1941 40 6. 5 11.5 93.0 8. 4 8 7.9 46 189 Beaver Creek city limits, below TeHoSfBe 832 Mar. 3,1941 17 13.0 5.0 47.2 137 15,000 8.5 310 290 184 Bristol, Tenn. Do... do._ Mar. 7,1941 69 7.0 6.2 51.1 55.6 4, 300 9.0 900 159 Do do Mar. 13,1941 63 8.0 8.4 70.9 56.8 4, 300 8.1 111 203 Watauga River, above Elizabethton, TeHoSfWt 842.... Feb. 27,1941 883 5.0 12.3 96.2 3.0 2 7.5 5 54 34 Tenn. Do do__ Mar. 5,1941 1,190 5.0 12.7 99.4 2.8 2 7.4 10 51 Do do Mar. 11,1941 2,120 6.0 11.4 91.7 4.2 9 7. 2 65 31 Watauga River, 1 mile below rayon TeHoSfWt 840.... Feb. 27,1941 883 7.0 10.6 86.9 12.0 210 8.6 32 81 45 plant, Elizabethton, Tenn. Do do Mar. 5,1941 1,190 5.0 11.5 89.8 10.5 430 8. 2 32 62 Do do Mar. 11,1941 2,120 7.0 10.6 86.8 7.1 430 7.2 94 37 Holston River, near Rogersville, TeHo Mar. 5,1941 1,790 1.5 11.1 78.8 3.1 (0 7.5 5 111 162 Tenn. Do do__ Mar. 11,1941 10,200 5.5 10.4 82.6 6. 1 21 7.4 170 84 Croquette Creek, below Rogersville, TeHoCr Feb. 27,1941 1 5.0 8.9 69.7 4.7 4,600 7.7 5 215 150 Tenn. Do... do._ Mar. 5,1941 1 1.5 11.4 81.0 7.0 2,400 7.6 5 227 Do.. do Mar. 11,1941 5 7.0 10.2 84.1 3.9 930 7.6 230 135 Turkey Creek, above Morristown, TeHoT 732 Feb. 13,1941 1 7.0 11.6 95.6 2.0 9 7.9 5 233 187 Tenn. Do do Feb. 17,1941 (0 7.0 11.5 94.5 1.0 1 7.9 5 225 Do.. do. Feb. 19,1941 2 2.5 12.8 93.6 1.8 1 7.9 5 230 Turkey Creek, below Morristown, TeHoT 730 Feb. 13,1941 2 8.0 7.9 66.6 5.5 91 7.6 10 232 192 Tenn. Do — do Feb. 17,1941 2 7.0 8.8 72.6 2.6 430 7.7 5 211 Do... do. Feb. 19,1941 3 8.0 10.0 84.4 3.0 230 7.6 5 222 Mossy Creek, above Jefferson City, TeHoM 702 Feb. 13,1941 9 12.0 9.0 83.1 1.9 2 7.7 5 239 176 Tenn. Do do... Feb. 17,1941 13 12.0 9.6 88.3 1.0 1 7.6 5 233 Do do Feb. 19,1941 13 11.0 9.9 89.0 1.1 2 7.7 10 230 Mossy Creek, below Jefferson City, TeHoM 700. Feb. 13,1941 24 9.0 10.3 89.0 1.4 73 7.8 10 236 176 • Tenn. Do do Feb. 17,1941 20 10.0 10.8 95.3 2.4 750 8.0 30 235 Do do Feb. 19,1941 16 7.5 11.6 96.8 1.8 930 8.0 10 235 French Broad River, H mile above TeF 860 Feb. 24,1941 111 0 13.3 91.0 .5 4 6.9 8 21 12 Rosman, N. C. Do do Feb. 27,1941 126 4.0 12.1 92.0 1.1 1 6.9 8 10 Do do Mar. 4,1941 154 8.5 10.9 93.1 1.1 1 6.9 7 6 1 Less than 1. 836 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Cob- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature 0 C. Parts per million Percent of satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million French Broad River, below Rosman, N. C. Do TeF 858. Feb. 24,1941 Feb. 27,1941 Mar. 4,1941 Feb. 24,1941 Feb. 27,1941 Mar. 4,1941 Feb. 24,1941 Feb. 27,1941 111 0 12.8 87.4 3.1 91 6.9 15 16 14 126 4.0 11. 4 87. 2 4.2 93 6.9 15 13 Do do 154 8.5 10. 3 88. 2 3. 7 43 6.9 15 13 French Broad River, at Brevard, N. C. Do TeF 841 307 . 5 11.7 80.8 1.0 43 6.9 20 18 11 do 280 3.5 11.1 83. 4 .8 43 6.9 10 13 Do 353 9.5 9.8 85.1 1. 4 43 6.9 9 11 TeFD 838 54 .5 10. 8 74.8 f » 38. 8 l 5.5 f 35.7 \ 22.0 20. 4 ) 43 8.9 110 44 39 Do do 66 4.0 9.4 71. 4 I 43 8.9 220 40 Do do Mar. 4,1941 Feb. 24,1941 Feb. 27,1941 Mar. 4,1941 Feb. 24,1941 Feb. 27,1941 Mar. 4,1941 Feb. 24,1941 201 9. 5 9.9 86.7 J 23 6.9 500 21 Mud Creek, Vi mile above Hender- sonville, N. C. Do TeFM 830 34 2.0 12. 3 89. 0 .9 4 7.0 25 15 10 do 27 5.0 11.6 90.8 2.0 46 6.9 12 2 Do . do 36 9.5 10.8 94. 3 1. 2 110 6.9 25 12 Mud Creek, 34 mile below Hender- sonville, N. C. Do TeFM 829; 70 2.0 12.0 86.7 2.9 4,600 36 6.9 20 20 12 do 68 5.0 11.8 92.0 2.4 Do . do 75 10.5 9.9 88.1 4.8 2,400 2,400 230 6.9 25 14 Mud Creek, 2 miles below Hender- TeFM 828 112 2.0 12.6 91.0 1.1 6.9 20 16 15 sonville, N. C. Do do__. Feb. 27,1941 Mar. 4,1941 Mar. 6,1941 Feb. 25,1941 Feb. 28,1941 Mar. 5,1941 Mar. 6,1941 Feb. 26,1941 Mar. 3,1941 Mar. 6,1941 112 5.0 11.1 87.0 2.5 7.0 15 13 Do do 154 10.5 10.1 90.3 1.9 43 6.9 65 15 French Broad River, above Hominy- Creek, above Asheville. Hominy Creek, outfall rayon plant, Enka, N. C. Do . TeF. .. 903 1.0 11.0 77.2 1.8 24 6.9 15 14 }TeFH 62 5.5 9.7 76.8 f J 42.1 \ 16.6 27.0 ) 4 9.6 25 158 15 do 28 1.0 10.8 76.2 / 110 6.9 30 20 Do do 33 2.5 10.3 75.5 16.9 460 6.6 25 16 Hominy Creek, at mouth TeFH_ 40 2.5 8.3 60.9 f > 35. 5 \ 13.1 5.8 ) 240 3.7 30 French Broad River, 1 mile above TeF.... 892 2.5 10.6 77.6 / 46 6.8 10 2 19 Asheville, N. C. Do do_ 810 3.5 10.8 80.8 4.1 46 6.3 10 8 Do 905 2.5 10.2 74.7 5.2 240 6.2 20 15 Table T—7.—Tennessee River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Continued [SUMMARRY OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 837 French Broad River, below indus- TeF__ Feb. 26,1941 1,000 3.5 11.1 83.4 2.4 75 7.0 12 13 12 trial plants, Asheville. Do Mar. 3,1941 Mar. 6,1941 Feb. 26,1941 952 4. 0 11. 4 86.9 1. 4 93 6.9 8 15 Do 1,100 1,000 2.5 10.9 80.0 1.8 460 6.9 25 18 French Broad River, l/i mile below TeF._ 3.5 11. 1 83.2 3.4 210 7.0 10 17 14 Asheville, N. C. Do Mar. 3,1941 Mar. 6,1941 Feb. 26,1941 952 4. 5 11. 4 88.3 2.8 1,500 230 6.9 8 12 Do 1,100 1,000 .5 10.6 73.8 2.3 6.9 30 19 French Broad River, 4 miles below TeF 3.5 11.1 83.2 2.7 140 7.0 10 16 14 Asheville, N. C. Do . .. Mar. 3,1941 Mar. 6,1941 Feb. 25,1941 952 5. 5 11.2 88.8 2. 2 75 6.9 10 12 Do .... 1,100 126 . 5 10.3 71. 6 3.3 1,100 6.8 25 20 Pigeon River, M mile above Canton, TeFP 791 3.0 12.4 92.0 1.1 9 7.3 4 8 11 N. C. Do . Feb. 28,1941 Mar. 5,1941 Feb. 25,1941 110 o 12.7 86.8 1. 5 9 6.9 10 12 Do 149 .5 12.1 84.1 1.2 24 6.9 8 10 Pigeon River, Yi mile below fiber TeFP 789.. 126 7.0 0 0 / 3 289 \ 136 313 } 1,100 8.5 250 138 229 plant, Canton, N. C. Do .. Feb. 28,1941 Mar. 5,1941 Feb. 25,1941 110 1. 5 0 0 1,100 930 7.2 320 215 Do 149 4. 5 2. 7 20.7 264 7.3 150 96 Pigeon River, Clyde, N. C„ 4 miles TeFP 784 126 3.5 0 0 / 3 291 l 138 } 460 8.9 160 199 148 below Canton, N. C. Do Feb. 28,1941 Mar. 5,1941 Feb. 25,1941 110 1.0 0 0 286 2,400 | 930 7. 1 280 162 Do 149 1.5 0 0 / 3 230 \ 200 2.4 8.8 120 96 Richland Creek, near mouth, TeFPR 771 55 3.5 11.8 89.0 36 6.9 5 13 17 Waynesville, N. C. Do . Feb. 28,1941 Mar. 5,1941 Feb. 27,1941 58 . 5 12. 0 83.5 1. 5 9 6.9 15 14 Do .... 80 0 12.0 82.2 .8 3 6.9 10 13 Indian Creek, above Erwin, Tenn... TeFNI 10 5.0 12.5 98.0 2.3 9 6.9 5 39 29 Do .. Mar. 5,1941 Mar. 11,1941 Feb. 27,1941 37 3.0 13. 3 98. 7 2.1 24 6. 7 5 36 Do 286 5.0 11. 7 91.6 2.0 43 6.6 105 27 Indian Creek, at Clinchfield railroad TeFNI 17 6.0 11.5 92.5 11.4 1,500 7.1 300 47 30 shops, Erwin, Tenn. Do Mar. 5,1941 Mar. 11,1941 Feb. 13,1941 53 3.0 12.6 93. 2 8. 1 1,600 430 6.7 460 37 Do 286 5.0 11. 5 90.0 4.9 6.7 160 24 West Fork Little Pigeon River, TeFLpWf 27 4.0 12.3 94.0 1.4 1 6.4 5 13 7 above Gatlinburg, Tenn. West Fork Little Pigeon River, be- TeFLpWf Feb. 13,1941 45 4.0 12.6 95.8 1.3 150 6.5 5 11 7 low Gatlinburg, Tenn. Pistol Creek, corporate limit above Maryville, Tenn. Do TeLP 651 Feb. 17,1941 Feb. 19,1941 Feb. 14,1941 3 10.0 7.5 11.3 12.1 99. 7 1.2 24 7.9 10 153 3 100.3 .5 4 7.9 5 155 Pistol Creek, above Maryville, Tenn TeLP 650 3 9.0 10.3 88.5 4.8 1,100 7.7 37 160 93 Pistol Creek, below sewage plant, TeLP 647 Feb. 14,1941 30 8.0 6.1 51.4 10.6 930 7.4 32 143 103 Alcoa, Tenn. Do Feb. 17,1941 Feb. 19,1941 33 9.0 8.6 74.4 3.5 2,400 930 7.5 10 156 Do . 21 6.5 8.5 69.0 5.8 7.5 10 161 3 Seeded and neutralized. 838 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Coli- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent of satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Town Creek, above Lenoir City, TeT Feb. 14,1941 5 9.0 8.7 75.4 4.1 23 7.8 20 144 114 Tenn. Do - Feb. 18.1941 20.1941 14.1941 5 7.5 12.3 102.0 1.1 24 7.9 5 134 Do do Feb. 5 6.5 12. 7 103.1 1.4 2 7.9 5 143 Town Creek, below Lenoir City, TeT Feb. 6 9.0 7.7 66.6 11.4 9,300 7.5 27 140 111 Tenn. Do - Feb. 18.1941 20.1941 14.1941 7 9.0 6.2 53.5 22.5 12,000 9,300 9 7.4 45 145 Do -- Feb. 7 7.0 7.8 64.1 17.0 7.4 25 146 Tennessee River, below Louden, Te 591 Feb. 9,080 5.0 11.1 86.8 4.5 7.3 15 52 52 Tenn. Do do Feb. 18.1941 20.1941 26.1941 9,080 9,080 6 5.0 10.9 85.2 3.2 7 7.2 10 50 Do Feb. 5.0 11.0 85.7 2.9 16 7.2 10 70 Guest River, above Norton, Va_. TeClG 834 Feb. 1.0 12.9 90.5 1.9 2 6.6 5 23 26 Do 4,1941 10.1941 26.1941 4,1941 10.1941 26.1941 47 3.0 11. 7 86.5 2. 7 46 6.5 148 22 Do 83 3.0 12.1 89.5 2.1 24 6.2 15 13 TeClG 832 Feb. 9 2.0 9.9 71.2 19.6 24,000 6.7 10 42 60 Do 51 3.0 11.2 83.4 9.5 3,900 2,400 1 6.5 131 27 Do do 88 3.0 11. 7 86.8 3.9 6.2 15 19 Gladly Creek, corporate limit, above Wise, Va. TeClGGl Feb. « .5 11.4 79.2 2.4 6.3 5 20 19 Do 4,1941 10.1941 26.1941 3 1.0 12.0 84.3 4.3 36 6.0 280 14 Do .. 4 1.0 12.2 85.9 1.5 1 6.1 25 15 Gladly Creek, rear of school, below Wise, Va. TeClGGl Feb. 1 2.0 10.1 72.7 24.7 4,600 7.1 15 43 34 Do do__ Mar. 4,1941 10,1941 20 2.5 12.2 89.2 7.6 240 6.2 170 17 Do 14 1.5 12.6 89.5 6.3 430 6.5 32 19 North Fork, Powell River, above TeCIPNf 817. Feb. 26,1941 38 5.0 13.6 106.2 3.5 240 7.5 5 115 64 Big Stone Gap, Va. Do do - 4,1941 10.1941 26.1941 4,1941 10.1941 26.1941 132 5.0 11.7 91.2 6.4 460 7.1 108 78 Do do Mar. 165 3.5 12.8 96.2 1.8 93 6.7 5 36 Do do Feb. 17 3.0 13.7 101.6 3.0 240 7.0 5 63 47 Do .. 77 6.0 11.6 93.1 2.3 1,100 240 6.9 20 63 Do .. Mar. 110 5.5 12.3 97.6 1.7 6.7 10 36 Powell River, below Big Stone Gap, TeClP 815 Feb. 54 2.0 14.9 107.5 3.0 460 8.0 5 93 60 Va. Do do. Mar. 4,1941 244 5.0 10.9 85.2 4.2 230 7.4 80 93 Do Mar. 10,1941 319 4.5 12.6 97.3 1.6 150 6.7 10 36 Table T-7.—Tennessee River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey, laboratory data—Continued SUMMARY OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 839 King Creek, 1 mile above Penning- TeCIPK Mar. 3,1941 2 7.0 10.1 82.7 1.5 15 7.5 5 148 108 ton Gap, Va. Do do 21 8.0 10 3 87.1 6.5 240 7.5 650 127 Do Mar 13) 1941 15 8.0 10 fi 89.6 .9 24 7.5 15 104 King Creek, below Pennington Gap, TecClPK Mar. 3,1941 2 7.0 9.0 73.6 3.2 930 7.4 5 168 125 Va. Do 26 8.0 8 0 67 7 24.5 2, 400 7.4 850 137 Do Mar 13,1941 20 7. 5 10. 3 85. 5 1. 5 1,200 7.5 10 116 TeClP 80 6.0 13.0 104.2 2.1 4 7. 7 5 100 63 Do - ----- 390 7.0 11. 9 97. 9 1. 7 9 7.4 20 57 Do - Mar. 13,1941 1,300 7.0 11.4 94.0 1.2 24 7.3 15 40 Hines Creek, below Rockwood, Tenn. TeKHi 557.. Peb. 14,1941 1 9.0 4.8 41.1 14.6 2,400 7.4 25 217 155 Do Feb. 18,1941 2 8.0 4 8 40.4 23.7 9, 300 7.4 15 229 Do do Feb. 20,1941 i 6.0 5.9 47.0 17.8 2)300 7.4 15 214 Hiwassee River above mouth Ocoee TeH 53G Feb. 4) 1941 1,060 3.0 12.6 93.5 .3 4 6.9 25 13 16 River, south of Wetmore, Tenn. Do Feb. 10,1941 168 1.5 12.9 92.2 .2 0) 6.9 7 17 Do .- Feb. 13) 1941 1,650 7.0 12.0 98.4 1.0 (1) 7.0 10 15 Cane Creek, below Etowah, Tenn..- TeHC Feb. 4,1941 1 2.5 10.9 80.0 6.5 24,000 7.3 35 243 191 Do Feb. 10,1941 1 2.0 9.6 69.6 49.4 15,000 7.3 35 267 Do Feb. 13) 1941 (l) 7.5 7.0 58.1 57.5 24,000 7.3 75 268 Ocoee River, above Copper Hill, Tenn. TeHO 570 Feb. 3,1941 177 4.5 11.7 90.4 .4 2 6.1 2 14 14 Do Feb. 7,1941 173 4.5 11. 6 89.4 .4 1 6.9 10 18 Do Feb. 12) 1941 157 1.0 13.1 92.1 1.0 (>) 6.9 3 11 TeHO 568 Feb. 3,1941 177 6. 5 8.3 67.2 / *4.7 ) (i) 3.4 110 271 Do Feb. 7,1941 173 6.5 5.1 41.3 1 15.6 / 2 5.6 } 5.5 400 \ 11.4 Do Feb. 12,1941 157 2.0 5.7 41.2 / 2 7.8 \ (i) 3.3 70 Feb, 3,1941 8 6.0 1.8 14.7 \ 4.3 f 2 67. 4 ) 4 5.5 130 1,249 near Ducktown, Tenn. \ 59.7 Do Feb. 7,1941 7 6.0 0 0 f 4 5.5 45 \ 23.6 I Do . . Feb. 12,1941 8 3. 5 12.0 90.2 / 2 86. 2 } « 3.7 175 \ 23.6 Feb. 3,1941 225 4. 5 10.8 83.4 / 2.8> 1 4 6.0 15 109 Do Feb. 7,1941 224 4.5 10.6 81.3 l 1-4 / 2 1.9 i I (0 3.7 4 Do Feb. 12,1941 204 2.0 6.6 47.3 l 2.1 / 2 1.2 } 0) 5.7 8 Ocoee River, at mouth... TeHO 535 Feb. 4,1941 175 3.0 11.6 86.0 l 1-2 .3 4 6.7 5 8 54 Do Feb. 10,1941 1,420 3.0 11.9 88.4 .8 (i) 6.7 6 10 Do Feb. 13,1941 211 7.5 11.2 92.8 .6 (0 6.9 8 9 Oostanaula River, J4 mile above TeH Os 549 Feb. 4,1941 16 3.5 10.3 77.7 .7 9 7.5 8 133 131 Athens, Tenn. Do Feb. 10,1941 15 2.0 10.6 76.2 .5 240 7.3 3 134 Do Feb. 13,1941 15 8.5 9.6 81.9 .6 75 7.5 8 133 1 Less than 1. 2 Seeded and neutralized. 840 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Average Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Parts per million Percent of satura- tion most probable number per milli- liter pH Hardness, parts per million Oostanaula River, J4 mile below TeHOs 547.. Feb. 4,1941 16 3.5 8.4 63.4 7.8 4,600 7.5 15 138 122 Athens, Tenn. Do Feb. 10,1941 Feb. 13,1941 Feb. 4,1941 15 2.0 9.0 65.2 6.9 910 7.3 15 139 Do 15 9.0 7.6 65.4 3. 4 2,400 1 7.4 12 138 Hiwassee River, Charleston, Tenn... TeH 515 1,235 2.0 11.4 82.1 .4 7.4 10 51 68 Do Feb. 10,1941 Feb. 13,1941 Feb. 3,1941 1,588 1,861 1 1.0 12.4 87.3 .4 4 7.0 4 34 Do 6.0 11.9 95.3 1.2 (*) 75 7.0 20 26 South Mouse Creek, below Woolen TeHSm 532 9.5 7.9 69.1 82.8 8.2 70 138 154 Mills, Cleveland, Tenn. Do Feb. 7,1941 Feb. 12,1914 Feb. 3.1941 1 7. 5 4.1 33.8 36.9 1,100 230 7.0 170 117 Do do.. 1 10.5 7.2 64.2 84. 1 8.7 210 158 South Mouse Creek, below sewage TeHSm 530 10 7.5 8.3 69.4 14.9 11,000 7.5 10 163 135 plant, Cleveland, Tenn. Do Feb. 7,1941 Feb. 12,1941 Feb. 3,1941 8 6.5 7.1 57.4 13.0 7,500 9,300 24,000 7.3 15 167 Do . do. 7 7.0 7.8 63.8 19.2 7.3 20 170 Town Branch, below sewage plant, TeHSmT 530 1 6.5 9.2 74.9 14.0 7.5 7 181 155 Cleveland, Tenn. Do Feb. 7,1941 Feb. 12,1941 Feb. 3,1941 1 6. 5 8.7 70.9 14.6 9,300 240,000 750 7. 4 7 177 Do 1 6.0 8. 1 65.0 12.8 7.5 7 180 South Mouse Creek, below junction TeHSm 527 11 6.5 9.2 75.0 3.2 7.5 8 143 127 of town branch, Cleveland, Tenn. Do do Feb. 7,1941 Feb. 12,1941 9 7.0 4.6 37.5 27.7 2,400 930 7.4 15 181 Do 8 7.0 7.8 63.8 5.4 7.3 10 165 Spring Creek, J4 mile above sewage TeChSp. Feb. 6,1941 1 3.0 11.5 85.6 1.6 150 7.4 5 152 148 plant, Fort Oglethorpe, Ga. 75.2 Do Feb. 14,1941 Feb. 18,1941 Feb. 6,1941 1 1 6.5 9.3 4.0 23 7.3 45 146 Do .. do. 3.0 11.8 87.2 2.0 43 7.6 8 175 Spring Creek, 100 yards below sew- TeChSp. 1 3.5 9.2 69.5 25.8 24,000 7.4 15 144 143 age plant, Fort Oglethorpe. 9.4 76.3 Do Feb. 14,1941 Feb. 18,1941 Feb. 6,1941 1 6.5 5.8 360 7.3 50 148 Do 1 4.0 11.9 90.9 5.6 36 7.5 5 181 Chickamauga Creek, mouth, Chatta- TeCk 473 257 5.0 11.3 88.3 .8 9 7.6 7 110 108 nooga, Tenn. Do ... - do Feb. 14,1941 Feb. 18,1941 222 6.0 10.8 86.8 1.7 39 7.5 20 117 Do 193 6.5 11.4 92.8 1.2 4 7.5 10 121 Table T-7.—Tennessee River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey, laboratory data—Continued SUMMARY OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 841 Chattanooga Creek, mouth, Chatta* nooga, Tenn. Do TeCh 460 Feb. 6,1941 Feb. 14,1941 Feb. 18,1941 Feb. 5,1941 40 5.6 2.6 20.8 / >274 l 80.4 / >158 \ 99.4 / >201 \ 98.6 .6 ) 24u 9.6 45 171 95 70 7.5 .3 2.7 } 2,400 } 4,600 8.9 140 163 Do 24 6.5 .3 2.7 9.6 250 196 Big Sequatchie River, mouth, Jasper, Tenn. Do TeS 585 7.0 11.1 91.1 4 7.2 8 64 65 Feb. 11,1941 Feb. 17,1941 Feb. 5.1941 389 6.0 11.7 94.1 .8 0) 1 7.3 9 72 Do - 319 7.5 11.4 94.4 .5 7.3 8 75 Tennessee River, ferry, South Pitts- burg, Tenn. Do ... Te 14,300 13, 600 6.0 10.7 85.6 1.8 17 7.0 6 47 59 Feb. 11,1941 Feb. 17,1941 Feb. 5,1941 Feb. 11,1941 Feb. 17,1941 Feb. 5,1941 6.0 10.6 84.9 1.7 12 7.1 16 50 Do 11,500 14,300 13,600 11,500 8 7.5 11.0 91.2 1.5 20 7.1 15 51 Tennessee River, ferry, Bridgeport, Ala. Do Te 414 6.5 10.7 87.0 1.4 18 7.2 8 48 61 4.5 10.6 81.8 2.6 17 7.1 18 49 Do 8.0 10.9 92.2 2.2 24 7.1 16 53 Roseberry Creek, 2 miles below Scottsboro, Ala. Do TeR 383 ... 5.0 8.9 69.6 3.0 4,600 7.4 5 132 125 Feb. 11,1941 Feb. 17,1941 Jan. 23,1941 Jan. 27.1941 5 2.0 7.8 56.2 5.9 910 7.3 12 144 Do 9 8.0 8.6 72.4 4.5 430 7.3 20 145 Spring Creek, waterworks, above Huntsville, Ala. Do TeSp 34 16.0 9.5 95.4 .5 2 7.3 2 122 122 67 13.0 9.1 85.8 1.0 4 7.3 2 126 Do Jan. 29,1941 Jan. 23,1941 48 n.o 9.0 81.0 1.2 2 7.3 3 126 Spring Creek, below sewei, below Huntsville, Ala. Do 37 15.5 7.6 75.3 6.4 24.000 7.4 15 131 124 Jan. 27.1941 73 7.5 10.6 88.2 2.4 360 7.4 25 93 Do Jan. 29,1941 Jan. 23,1941 Jan. 27,1941 Jan. 29,1941 52 5.0 10.9 85.1 2.0 72 7.5 5 101 Spring Creek, 3 miles beiow Hunts- ville, Ala. Do TeSp 37 12.5 6.5 61.0 3.1 430 7.2 4 110 112 73 7.5 8.9 74.4 1.8 430 7.5 20 115 Do 52 5.5 9.1 72.1 1.7 230 7.5 9 113 TeSw 316_- Jan. 23,1941 38 11.0 10.9 98.4 .5 8 6.9 7 26 26 Do Jan. 27,1941 Jan. 29,1941 Jan. 23,1941 145 7.0 11.2 91.9 .9 46 6.9 20 23 Do 56 4.0 12.1 92.2 .8 24 6.8 5 11 TeSw 311 . 44 14.0 6.8 65.5 7.3 2,400 6.8 15 58 42 Ala. Do ___do Jan. 27,1941 Jan. 29,1941 Feb. 3,1941 Feb. 5,1941 Feb. 7,1941 163 7.0 10.2 83.4 .9 36 6.1 20 12 Do _do. 66 4.5 12.0 92.1 .8 15 6.9 10 19 Rock Creek, above Tullahoma, Tenn. Do TeElRc 459 4 5.5 10.5 82.9 4.9 4 6.7 5 31 27 3 4.5 11.2 86.4 2.3 2 6.7 5 48 Do 4 5.0 10.4 81.4 2.1 1 6.9 5 46 TeElRc 457 Feb. 3,1941 6 5.5 7.0 55.1 49.2 7,500 6.7 20 56 31 Tenn. Do Feb. 5,1941 4 4.5 8.0 61.3 24.6 4,300 6.9 25 72 Do Feb, 7,1941 4 5.0 5.8 45.5 28.8 9,300 6.9 31 73 1 Less than 1. > Seeded and neutralized. 842 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Date Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature ° C. Dissolved oxygen 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milli- liter pH Turbid- ity, parts per million Alkalin- ity, parts per million Hardness, parts per million Parts per million Percent of satura- tion Pigeon Roos Creek, below phosphate TeEIRP Jan. 23,1941 11 12.0 11.2 103.8 1.4 4 6.8 150 72 117 plant, above Pulaski, Tenn. Do 27,1941 71 8.0 11. 2 94.6 .7 9 6.9 30 58 Do 29, 1941 34 5.5 11.6 91.6 1.8 2 6.9 90 53 Richland Creek, above Pulaski, TeEIR 352. Jan. 22,1941 132 9.5 11.9 104.0 .8 2 7.7 10 120 138 Tenn. Do do Jan. 24,1941 470 11.0 10.1 92. 4 3.2 110 7.4 550 95 Do 28,1941 900 6.0 11.1 88.8 2.3 15 7.5 25 96 Richland Creek, below Pulaski, TeEIR 351 Jan. 22,1941 132 10.0 11.3 99.4 4.2 460 7.6 20 119 122 Tenn. Do do_ Jan. 24,1941 470 11.5 10.0 91.2 5.9 460 7.4 250 102 Do - do Jan. 28; 1941 900 5.0 11.2 87.6 1.3 91 7.5 25 95 Shoal Creek, above Lawrenceburg, TeSh 324.. Jan. 22,1941 38 13.0 10.8 102.4 .5 15 7.4 4 79 91 Tenn. Do 24,1941 60 13.0 9.8 92.9 1.8 46 6.8 1,200 60 Do do... Jan. 28; 1941 51 7. 5 10.6 87.8 .9 9 7.3 5 55 Shoal Creek, below Lawrenceburg, TeSh 322 Jan. 22,1941 38 11.0 10.8 97.1 9.3 2,400 7.4 10 88 69 Tenn. • Do Jan. 24,1941 60 12.0 8.9 82.3 5.4 2,400 6.8 500 57 Do do Jan. 28,1941 51 4.5 10.9 83.7 5.1 4,600 7.2 8 55 Shoal Creek, bridge, Iron City, TeSh 275... Jan. 22,1941 212 8.5 12.0 102.6 .8 4 7.4 3 60 56 Tenn. Do Jan. 24,1941 355 10. 5 10. 5 93.5 .8 9 7.0 120 52 Do do Jan. 28, 1941 990 5.5 11.5 91.1 .7 4 7.0 10 39 TeBM 293 Jan. 22, 1941 16.0 7.6 76.1 15.0 11,000 7.4 3 148 123 Do do Jan. 24,1941 17.0 8.2 84.6 6.1 3,900 7.0 350 76 Rock Creek, above Levvisburg, Tenn. TeDRc 310 Jan. 28,1941 46 4. 5 11.4 88.0 1.1 9 7.5 8 138 Do .. TeDRc 309 Jan. 22,1941 5 9.0 11.6 100.1 .9 46 8.3 4 160 162 Do do__. Jan. 24,1941 146 11.5 8.8 80.7 2.0 1,100 7.5 300 116 RockCreek, below Lewisburg, Tenn.. TeDRc 307 Jan. 22,1941 5 10.5 10.7 95.1 1.5 93 7.9 2 181 164 Do Jan. 24, 1941 146 12.0 8.6 79. 7 6.2 1,100 7.4 1, 200 116 Do do Jan. 2S, 1941 46 3.0 11.4 84.4 1.0 36 7.6 5 152 Piney Creek, miles below Dick- TeDP Jan. 23,1941 3 9.0 10.1 86.8 2.5 75 7.5 5 128 91 son, Tenn. Do Jan. 27,1941 13 7.0 10.7 87.6 2.5 230 7. 4 10 82 Do Jan. 29; 1941 9 6.0 10.9 87.0 1.9 230 7. 4 5 96 Do — do Jan. 31,1941 8 8.0 10.7 90.5 5.7 39 7-4 10 102 Table T-7.—Tennessee River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey, laboratory data—Continued SUMMARY OF INDIVIDUAL RESULTS—Continued OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Tennessee River, Norton’s Bluff Te 5.3 Sept. 21,1940 22,600 25.5 8.2 99.0 .9 2 7.7 10 57 72 Bridge. \ Do... do. • Sept. 25,1940 25,800 22.0 8.0 90.1 .8 (1) 7. 7 10 59 Do Sept. 26,1940 30,600 21.0 8.3 92.1 .8 2 7.7 10 58 Do„ Oct. 1.1940 26, 300 20.5 8.4 92. 6 .7 (!) 7.7 10 61 Do 32,100 10.5 9.7 86. 2 .7 4* 7.1 25 51 Do Nov. 15,1940 31,600 8.5 10.3 87.8 .7 2 7.3 35 52 54 Do do Nov. 16,1940 30, 500 7.5 10.4 86.8 .8 9 7.1 43 50 Do Nov. 18,1940 30,000 9.0 10.3 89. 0 .6 2 7.1 43 50 Do Mar. 1,1941 23, 700 5.5 13. 5 107.0 2.0 1 7. 7 32 66 Do Mar. 4,1941 23, 200 7.0 13.0 106. 6 1. 5 (l) 7.6 35 64 86 Do Mar. 5' 1941 25; 600 7.0 12. 8 105. 4 1. 4 1 7. 7 40 64 1 Less than 1. 844 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Period, 1937-38 Number of samples Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature, 0 C. Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milliliter pH Tur- bidity, parts per million Alka- linity, parts per million Hard- ness, parts per million North Fork, Holston River, mouth, near Kingsport, Tenn. TeHoNf 794.5.. May to October 1937. 800 22.6 8.4 1.2 190 7.8 77 378 Do.. . November 1937 to 1,010 8.8 11.2 .9 20 7.8 87 303 April 1938. South Fork, Holston River, above Beaver Creek. TeHoSf 725 May to October 1937. 1,210 21.2 8.2 1.0 230 7.8 85 91 Do November 1937 to 1,240 9.8 11.3 .7 13 7.8 84 91 Beaver Creek, mouth, near Bristol, Tenn. TeHoSfB 825.. April 1938. May to October 1937. 3.7 1,500 7.8 185 180 20.8 7.4 172 Do November 1937 to 160 10.7 10.2 3.0 375 7.8 173 185 South Fork, Holston River, below Beaver Creek, above Watauga. TeHoSf 820 Aprii 1938. May to October 1937. 375 7.9 1,420 21.5 8.2 1.3 97 102 Do.. November 1937 to 1, 420 10. 1 11.4 1.0 28 7.9 97 103 Watauga River, below Elizabeth- ton, Tenn. TeHoSfW 831.. April 1938. May to October 1937. 80 7.7 870 20.7 7.8 1.3 45 52 Do November 1937 to 1,120 9.3 10.7 1.2 8 7.7 40 45 Watauga River, below Johnson City, Tenn. TeHoSfW 829.. April 1938. May to October 1937. 110 7.7 890 21.0 7.7 2.1 47 54 Do November 1937 to 1,130 9.4 10.7 1.4 17 7.7 43 48 South Fork, Holston River, below Watauga River. TeHoSf 810 April 1938. May to October 1937. 7.7 2,330 21.7 7.4 3.3 350 77 87 Do November 1937 to 2,610 10.0 10.9 1.2 21 7.7 76 84 April 1938. South Fork, Holston River, below Kingsport, Tenn. TeHoSf 795 May to October 1937. 2,510 22.6 6.1 5.9 475 7.5 81 98 Do 3,030 9.7 10.2 3.0 34 7.7 82 93 April 1938. Holston River, below North Fork, Holston River. TeHo 784 May to October 1937. 3,340 22.7 7.0 2.0 170 7.6 81 155 Do. do November 1937 to 4,160 9.4 10.3 1.4 27 7.7 84 138 April 1938. Table T-7-a.— Tennessee River Basin: Ohio River 'pollution survey laboratory data SUMMARY OF AVERAGES [By Tennessee Valley Authority] OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 845 French Broad River, above Pigeon River. Do TeFB 730.5.... May to October 1937. 3,650 2,990 890 21.3 7.5 1.1 400 16 16 9.5 10.8 1.0 130 15 15 Pigeon River, above Newport, Tenn. Do TeFBP 733 April 1938. May to October 1937. November 1937 to 20.5 5.0 9.2 190 7.6 47 59 1,330 9.3 8.9 10.0 27 7.6 35 47 Pigeon River, below Newport, Tenn. Do TeFBP 732.’.. April 1938. May to October 1937. 890 20. 4 4. 6 5.8 650 7.3 42 52 1,330 910 9.2 8.5 8.7 60 7.2 34 46 Nolichucky River, below Green- ville, Tenn. Do TeFBN 758 April 1938. May to October 1937. 21.6 7.4 1.1 160 7.4 45 46 1,420 9.4 10.6 .8 19 7.4 47 49 Little Tennessee River, below Cheoh Dam. Clinch River, above Clinton, Tenn. Do TeLTe 668 April 1938. 4,840 162 23.9 .4 50 9 8 TeC 627 .. May 12,1937 21.0 7.8 .8 1 7.7 15 93 95 May 19', 1937 249 22.0 7.0 1.1 72 7.6 100 86 94 TeC 625 May 12, 1937 162 21.5 7.8 1.5 110 7.7 15 92 95 Do do May 19, 1937 253 22.0 6.7 1.3 160 7.6 40 88 96 TeCE 590 May to October 1937. November 1937 to 1,190 22.1 7.8 .7 45 6.9 10 16 Do do . 1,180 9.3 11.0 .5 10 6.8 7 13 Emory River, below Harriman, Tenn. Do TeCE 579 April 1938. May to October 1937. November 1937 to 1,270 1,240 23.5 4.8 7.7 700 6.8 25 27 10.2 9.4 3.3 85 6.8 14 19 TeC 569 April 1938. May to October 1937. 5,220 5,710 112 19.2 8.0 1.4 120 7.5 73 79 Do 11.2 10.0 1.0 27 7.3 59 65 TeCh 461 April 1938. 16.6 1.2 30.0 6,090 8.4 36 93 Elk River, below Estill Spring Dam. TeEl 451 May to Novem- ber 1937. 288 19.3 7.2 1.0 65 7.2 55 81 87 TeElRc 442 48 18.8 8.0 .9 29 7.1 Elk Creek, below Tullahoma, Tenn. Boiling Fork Creek, below Win- chester, Tenn. Elk River, below Winchester, Tenn. Mulberry Creek, below Lynch- burg, Tenn. Elk River, below Lynchburg, Tenn. Elk River, below Fayetteville, Tenn. Elk River, above Pulaski, Tenn... TpEI 439 359 19.2 7.9 .6 2,100 7.3 TeElR 435 89 18.1 8.4 .9 450 7.3 TpEI 4.39 536 19.9 8.2 .7 250 7.3 TeElM 387 88 20.8 7.3 1.1 2,200 80 7.4 TeEl 385 738 20.7 7.5 .9 7.3 TeEl 373 822 21.6 7.7 .9 240 7.4 TeEl 334 do 941 22.3 8.1 .9 160 7.3 846 OHIO RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL Sampling point Mileage from mouth Period, 1937-38 Number of samples Average discharge, cubic feet per second Temper- ature, ° C. Dissolved oxygen, parts per million 5-day bio- chemical oxygen demand, parts per million Con- forms, most probable number per milliliter pH Tur- bidity, parts per million Alka- linity, parts per million Hard- ness, parts per million Richland Creek, near mouth, Pulaski, Tenn. Elk River, below Pulaski, Tenn TeEIR 330 117 22.7 7.2 1.2 # 130 7.4 TeEl 321 do _ . 1,082 21.9 7.3 .9 19 7.4 110 90 96 TeD 380 February to No- vember 1938. 48 17.7 8.9 .7 5 7.2 10 47 Tenn.1 Duck River, below Manchester, Tenn.1 Duck River, above Shelbyville, Tenn.1 ' , Duck River, below Shelbyville, Tenn.1 TeD 375 93 17.8 8.6 .7 13 7.4 13 50 TeD. 336 372 18.7 8.2 1.0 34 7.5 45 \ 80 82 W ~ - “YeD 317 March ta-Novem- ;--'Tx1r 1938. 429 19.2 8.1 1.0 155 7.5 55 86 -TeD-297 378 19.8 8.2 .9 *26 7.5 60 95 Big Rock Creek, mouth, Lewisburg, Tenn. 'TeDBr 293 February to No- vember 1938. February 1937 to February 1938. 91 18.6 8.1 1 4 24 7.8 30 184 TeD 247 1,575 17.4 8.7 1.6 80 7.7 140 120 120 Tenn. Duck River, below Columbia, Tenn. TeD 241 1,579 17.3 8.4 1.8 480 7.6 160 120 TeD 233 1,782 17.3 8.3 1.6 350 7.6 190 122 Creek. Big Bigby Creek, below Mount Pleasant, Tenn. Duck River, below Big Bigby Creek. TeDBB 216 _ February to May 1938. February 1937 to February 1938. 128 15.1 9.6 1.2 240 7.6 99 TeD 209 1,989 17.3 9.0 1.5 190 7.6 210 121 124 TeD 193 2,273 1,959 17.2 9.0 1.6 120 7.6 220 115 Tenn. Duck River, below Centerville, Tenn. Piney River, below Wrigley, Tenn. Duck River, below Piney River Buffalo River, below all wastes TeD 175 February to No- vember 1938. 20.2 8.4 1.4 170 7.6 220 107 TeDP. 202 18.5 8.5 1.4 100 7.6 40 106 TeD 143 2,470 985 20.1 8.5 1.8 95 7.6 140 104 TeDBu do 20.4 8.3 .7 52 7.3 40 52 1 Duck River results made available through the joint cooperation of the State of Tennessee and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Table T-7-a.— Tennessee River Basin: Ohio River pollution survey laboratory data—Continued SUMMARY OF AVERAGES—Continued [By Tennessee Valley Authority]