PIITHISI O L O G I A 
A 
POEM 
MISCELLANEOUSLY DESCRIPTIVE and DIDACTICAL s 
in rcma 
PARTS. PHTHISIOLOGIA 
A 
POEM 
MISCELLANEOUSLY.DESCRIPTIVE ami DIDACTICAL; 
IN FOUR 
PARTS. 
To which are Prefixed 
CERTAI 
preliminary. 
AND 
PHISIO - MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS. 
AND 
ADMONITIONS.- 
i’m au submission what you’d have IT MAKE XT. 
LONDON: 
Pope, 
?*XNTED FOR. THE AUTHOR 5 AND SOIB BT THOMAS BOOZEV, WO, 4 
OLD-BROAD-STREET> NEAR THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 
1798. PRELIMINARY 
AND 
PHISIO-MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 
AND 
ADMONITIONS. 
CONTENTSS PAVCIS LECTORIBUS. 
NAM SATIS EST EQJIITEM MIHI PZ.AUIDEE g, 5 
HOEATII SEBMONUM L. I. ZCLOGA ’O PRELIMINARY, 
AND 
PHYSIO-MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 
AND 
ADMONITIONS. 
THIS prefatory part, is meant to convey to the reader, fuch ob~ 
fervations relative to the fequent Poem, as will not, I hope, dif- 
pleafehim ; they are fuch as accrued to the Author upon reperufing 
this, and may be confidered as elucidating it, and making the 
whole fuitably explete. Though they are chiefly medical, I hope 
they will not be lefs appropriatedly ufeful and pleafing to the 
generality of thofe who may deign to read the work. However 
that may be, I will not intrude the reafons which induced me to 
give them ; it appears unnecelfary, as well as the motives which 
have introduced the author thus to public notice. In witholding 
thefe, he dare not attempt to apologize for thofe defefts, which 
perfpicuous minds will without doubt, perceive in his work. 
Should he produce his apologies, he imagines, they would be only 
like the covering, of fuch a veil, as is worn by fome females of the 
prefent fafhion ; which, though it may coincide with the purpofe 
of their ideas, is eafily feen through, by the wearer, as well as 
others. 
The Poem, was not compofed for thofe only, who are accufl. 
tomed to read medical writings; if it had, it would have more 
minutely adhered to the fubjeft; and have included more matters 
intrinfically relative to that. The defign was intended for the 
world in general, when the publication of it was refolved upon; 
though no flattering fentiment ever pervaded the writer’s mind, 
that any extenfive circulation of it would ever take place; or that 
it was endow’d with fuch attractions as would allure the notice of the multitude. In the fmall number, who may vouchsafe to bellow 
their attention and candour, there may be thole, who may not be 
much informed of the branch we have Iketched; and who may 
confequently, be grateful for reaping any advantages which there 
is a probability they may, from thefe admonitions being premifed; 
which will follow in the order they are met with in the Poem, 
unlefs, where any fubjeft, more immediately attached to another, 
could be rendered more clear, by their being aggregated. 
Whether I have done any thing in the whole, deferving of ap- 
probation, thofe to whom it is now fubmitted, will determine ; my 
own diffidence, whatfoever may be the fate of it’s production, ha* 
but a lowly ftation to fall from ; expectation has never lifted it, by 
its eagle wings ; it has long had an intimate acquaintance with 
difappointment: though the familiarity has not done away that 
fenfibility which this has power to awaken. 
Whilft I avow, that I have often affixed blame to this enterprizei 
when I conftdered, the little of originality of fentiment or know- 
ledge, I was giving to the world, I fometimes found a degree of 
confutation, that the manner only of diffufing fome degree of in- 
formation might meet with commendation; and as to what lam 
now to offer, in this part, I fhall only, upon that idea, think any 
merit can be claimed ; becaufe, I feldora mean to prefume, upon 
giving more than the opinions of thofe, whofe fentiments I 
have been taught, and writings which I have had it in my power to 
confult. Hence, may I be accufed, juftly, of “ printing what 
was publifhed long before,” and condemned, becaufe 
« If nought peculiar through your labours run, 
“ They’re duplicates, and twenty are but one.” 
The title of this Poem has been anticipated long ago, in a differ- 
ent work *, to which it is more applicable perhaps, than to this; as 
being a profeffed treatife upon PHTHISIS.+ 
♦ Phthisiologia. AuCtore R. Morton, M. D. Londini. 
f Defined by Cullen to be an expectoration of pus, or purulent V 
The word Consumption, has been ufed as a generic term for 
emaciation ; but its application has been more generally made to 
fhar difeafe of the lungs, which fo often is attended by bodily 
decay. 
Our allufions, now, are only made to that pulmonary affcftion, 
which is moft properly idiopathical; and which is fuppofed to arife 
in thofc, whom Predisposition prevails; according to the 
fenfe of conftru&ion it has commonly been ufed in.—As a date, 
eftablifhed in the body, favourable to the production of difeafe, 
whenever any analogoufly noxious power, or occafional caufe *, is 
applied to it +; though, perhaps, it may be better to adopt the 
opinion and words, of a celebrated Author j, who calls it, a liate, 
matter from the lungs, attended with heflic fever*.” First Lines 
of the Practice of Physic, 853. But in his Synopsis Nosologias, 
where it is mentioned as the sequel of hoemoptysis, he adds, “ Ema- 
ciation and debility, with cough ” 
Phthisis pulmonaris est consumptio totius corporis, cum febre, 
a mala alfedione, et ab ulceratione pulmonum taudem originem 
ducens. 
De Phthisi pulmonari original!. Morton, loc. cit. See also an 
Essay on the Nature and cure of the Phthisis Pulmonalis, by 
T. Reid, M. D. 1782, p. 2. 
* All diseases are brought on by some external application to the 
body or mind; and this is called occasional cause of a disease. 
Fordyce. 
f Gaubii clariss. Pathologia, $ 75 ; and on predisponent mor- 
bific cause, $ 59. Praedisponens dicitur conditio quaevis corpori 
inhaerens, qua illud aptum est, nata conditione, morbum suscipere. 
t Vide Joanuis Brunonis, M. D. Elementa Mediciing, editio 
Edinburgi, 1784, Cap. I. $ 8. Cap. VIII. $ 73. and edition (of the 
translation) by T. Beddoes, M. D. $ 77 and 7S. 
* A definition of which, he alfo gives in his Synopfis, p. 80; but with 
an added note, that he does notconfider it as an idiopathic (primary) difeafe; 
fudging it, as 1 believe it is, by moll phyficians now, only a fymptom 
of fome topical affeftion, and moll frequently accompanying a purulent 
Hate of the lungs. Firll Lines, 74, 861, 858. Reid, Ch. IV. et fcq. VI 
intermediate between perfeft health and difeafe; a date of the 
body which recedes from health, and approaches difeafe, in fuch 
a manner as to feera Hill within the boundaries of the former, to 
which, however, it bears only deceitful refemblance; predifpo- 
fition, and difeafe, differing only in degree, and that whatever with 
a given force produces the latter, when afling with a lefs force will 
produce the former. And, as noxious powers producing difeafe, 
produce alfo the predifpofition to them, we may fay, that fuch as 
are really in this ftate, or if born fo, are under a degree of the 
difeafe. 
This condition, or Disposition, has been, by moft authors* 
termed hereditaryy and by fome, an indelible and irreftftible im- 
preflion, derived from the parents * ; one of the moft fertile ftocks 
upon which any exciting caufe of this difeafe can be grafted, 
Obfervation having noticed, that families who were of a weak and 
delicate race, were much attacked by phthifis; and, that as the form 
and charafter of body, as well as the mind, defeended from parent 
to child, it was thus deemed hereditary. Morton + places thg 
queftion, whether the difeafe affefting has attacked a patient fprung 
from phthifical parents or not ? as a confederation neceffary for the 
diagnoftic; and mentions that condition, amongft the remote, or 
pre-exiftent caufes of Phthifis. 
Howfoevcr this really is, it may be obferved, we have affumed 
it as a datum in our poem, wifhing only to remark now, that pro- 
Ad phthisin proni Qui phthisi indelebilern, irapressionem 
a parentibus, licet, irrestituibiles, sunt tamen duiturniores. Obs. 
Diagnosin Spefilantes; authore C. Benedi£lo, M. D. Londini, 1656. 
f Dispositio etiam hasreditaria saspe saepius Phthsin pulmonem 
infert, cum omnibus sit satis notum natos a phthisicis parentibus 
in eundem morbum esse proclives. Loc. Cit. p. 70. De causis 
pro catarfticis. Ortus a parentibus phthisicis; si quidem iste morbus 
(quantum mihiobservare licirit) est prae ceteris omnibus haeredi- 
tarius, p. 74. De signis diagnosticis. babiy there may be little good foundation for fuch an opinion, but 
as agreeable to the preceding idea of Dr. Browne’s *. 
* We may rightly give the same reasoning here, which he uses 
respecting the gout. Those who differ from the opinion, let them 
be guided only by fadts, in this as well as in phthisis. 
“ A taint, transmitted from parents to their offspring, and cele- 
et brated under the appellation of hereditary, is a mere tale, or there 
*'* is nothing in the fundamental part of the dodlrine. The sons of 
“ the rich, who succeed to their fathers’ estate, succeed also to his 
“ gout: those who are excluded from the estate, escape the disease 
“ also, unless they bring it on by their own condudl. Nay, if there 
“ be but two diseases, in tire stridf sense of the word, they must be 
et either all, or none of them, hereditary. This supposition makes 
“ the noxious powers superfluous, which have been proved to be 
“ every thing respecting disease ; and, as it is, therefore, absurd, 
“so the truth of the latter opinion must be admitted. The 
“ Stamina, or simple solids, are so given in oar first conformation, 
“ that some persons are distinguished by a rigid, others by a slender 
“ state of the whole mass. This variety of the stamina, if the ex- 
“ citing powers upon which the whole phcenomena of life depends, 
“ be properly managed, admits each its respective state of health, 
“ suited to its respeftive nature, and sufficiently good, if the 
“excitement suited to each be kept up, by a proper direction of 
“ the stimuli. Though Peter’s father may have been afflidfed. 
“ with the gout, it does not follow that Peter must be affedled ; 
■ ‘ because, by a proper way of life, that is, by adapting his ex- 
“ citement to his stamina, he may have learned to evade his father’s 
“ disease. If the same person, who, from his own fault, and irn- 
“ proper management, has fallen into the disease; afterwards, by 
“ a contrary management, and, by taking good care of himself, 
“ prevents and removes the disease, as it has been lately disco- 
“ vered. What then is become of hereditary taint ? A certain 
“ texture of stamina is favourable to certain forms of diseases 
“ (which forms are of no consequence), so that, when the ex- 
“ citement is adapted to the stamina, even those forms can be 
“ prevented or cured.” Elements of Medicine, edited by Beddoes. 
603, et seq. If a child is expofed to the fame caufcs which have noxioufly 
affofted a parent, he, probably, will be liable to the fame difeafes 
the latter was. 
It is from the variety of appearances, in the condition of the 
body and mind, that the defcriptions of different Temperaments 
have derived their origin, as given by different authors; though, 
perhaps, upon little juft foundations: for the characters of each, 
as fo given, are by nature fo much intermixed, in each perfon, 
that they feldom admit of a fpecific name being given, as pre- 
valent in each habit. Such an eftabliihment of the diftinflion of 
temperaments, has been handed down from Hippocrates, to the 
prefent day, with very little variation *. 
Dr. Simmons swhitenefs of the teeth as a diftingnifhing 
charafteriftic, or as a mark of p’redifpofition to phthifis. Dr. Reid 
fays, he has only obfcrved it in fome patients. Our own attention 
confirms this. 
The clearnefs, or fairnefs of the {kin, in perfons ill of phthifis, 
or previoufly dlfpofed to it, has been generally noticed. And 
with regard to complexion, or the colour given to the exterior fur- 
face of the body, it may be underftood from the following : From 
the diftribution of the veffels carrying blood, which may vary in 
colour, from a high florid or pure red, to a tint of yellow; for, 
as Dr. Fordyce + fays, the blood flowing in the blpod-veflels is 
fcarlet, that is, a mixture of red and yellow ; in the arteries, the 
yellow is more or lefs loft in its paffage through the capillary 
veffels into the veins; but whilft circulating, a portion of the 
yellow is ftill retained by the veins; the Jkm, which is divided 
into the fcarf, or outward parr, or cuticle, the true Ikin, and mem- 
branes of a particular name, which lie between, is colourlefs ; fo is 
the cuticle, which is tranfparent; but, a part of the membranous 
lining is not fo, being of a lighter or deeper brown ; that is, a 
mixture of red, with a lefs proportion of yellow and blue than 
* The sanguine, melancholic, choleric, and phlegmatic, 
f See a Dissertation on simple Fever, p, 55. IX 
conftitutes white or grey. It is this part, which, feen through the 
cuticle, gives the colour which the perfon is feen to have; and is 
of different fhades, according to climate, from black, brown, to 
yellowifh. In the negro, from its colour, it is more eafily dif- 
covered, than in the European, of fair complexion. It gradually 
acquires more colour as age advances ; lince children are fairer 
than adults; in undergoes, alfo, a change in the European, when 
expofed, in hot climates, to the rays of the fun. 
That mixture, conftituting the colour, is not always the fame, in 
different' people; fometimes it is fuch, as to approach more to 
white, and fometimes more to grey ; thus governing what is called 
complexion. 
Though we have chiefly taken our example deferibed, in the 
predifpofed form, from the young and beautiful *, having an allu- 
fion to the objedt, whofe fate firft fuggefled the idea of this work, 
but, it will he obferved, we have drawn another flate, wherein 
MALCONFORMATION Or DISTORTION of the CHEST is obvious, 
and which, experience teaches us, is aptly to be reckoned amongfl: 
* Whom, with the ingenious, are the ordinary prey of phthisis. 
Et haec generis humani strages immanis in juvenes praecipue cadit, 
saspe in fonnosissimos, pnecipue sequioris sexus, et in eos qui in- 
genio, et animi et corporis elegantia, praestant. And how often 
have you to lament that it fastens upon the objects of your fondest 
attachment; after whose loss, this busy world will seem to you as 
a cheerless desart.! Panel sunt quibus cognati, familiares ant amici, 
hac peste abrepti, non sunt lugendi. Misera haec tabes, sasva, 
atrox, et insensibilis, teneros et amabiles depascens, caedc et ludtu 
patriam implet. I am aware of the interest which a child, con- 
suming by a slow decay, must excite in the bosom of a parent. 
Full allowance, however, being made for the effect of compassionate 
affection on the imagination, it will often appear, that the most 
amiable individuals of a family, are really singled out by consump- 
tion. 
De morbis cceli mutatione medendis, p. 326, and Letter from 
Dr. Beddoes to Dr. Black, p. 3. X 
the predifpofing caufes of phthisis; wherein, the habit is {lender 
and weak, the organs of refpiration being, by that confinement 
which the bony ftrufture makes, impeded in the free exertion of 
their office; hence, the eafe and freedom of the circulation of the 
blood muft be alfo reftrained. 
In the note, quoted * from the Latin poet, a figure of a phthifical 
perfon is depifted; which, for the fake of the Englifh reader, may 
be thus rendered ; 
His frame, fo deftin’d by his lucklefs fate. 
In life fpeeds onward to the tabid ftatc. 
Who, from an offspring, phthifical akin. 
Derives his frail entailed origin. 
Whofe lungs a faltly phlegm raoft often taints, 
Or the cheft grieves catarrbous, with complaints. 
In whom the pallid and emaciate face. 
And through the form, we, want of vigour, trace. 
Whofe weak and raucofe voice, imprifon’d pent, 
From ftria confines, with labour'd breath is fent. 
Whofe ftork-like neck, in lengthen’d fhape extends, 
And from the peaked fhoulder's height appends. 
Whofe blades, like as an eagle’s wings dilate, 
With prominence, as in a fleeting ftate. 
Why thus, perhaps, this femblance fhould be made, 
Why on the phthifical thefe modes invade ? 
Knoweft thou not ? it hence may be fuppos’d. 
With this intent, comparably, difclos’d. 
Such form, denotes the fyftetn cannot fhare 
Long, on this orb, a fickle vital care. 
But, like the eagle, ready hence to fly, 
It foon fhall feek the diftant realms on high. 
This ftraightnefs of the cheft, may be, as Morton fays, either 
* See Poem. natural or accidental* : natural, when the form, from parental 
hmilitudc, grows from infancy ; as may be often obferved in thofe 
who are called chlcken-breafted. The fternura, or front bone of 
the breaft, ftanding forwards, with a convex form, or deprefled in- 
wards, in the lower or other parts; the extremities, or cartilaginous 
parts of the ribs, on each or one fide, flattened, where the proper 
curve ought to be, as it is in thofe who are healthily and propor- 
tionately formed. The accidental may be acquired from circum- 
ftances, in thofe whofe family form has no fuch tendency ; which 
may caufe curvity, depreffion, or diftortion of forae part of the 
bony defence of the lungs. 
The caufes which may effed diftortion of thofe parts, may often 
be traced to thofe circumftances which induce debility in the in- 
fantile frame ; or, to a certain ftate, aborigine, of the conftitution, 
unfavourable to the healthy progrefiion of offification; which 
myfterioufly prevails in fome, without being underftood, or being 
juftly accounted for, upon any certain or well-founded reafons* 
Bad nurfing, is well known to be a moft culpable caufe of debility 
in all children; confequently, it muft more particularly affed thofe 
who are weakly from birth, and whofe natural ftamina have a ten- 
dency to that; in fuch, fubjeded to that negled, many miferies are 
produced and entailed on their future lives. Under fuch treat- 
ment, how often do rickets afflift! under the idea of bad nurfing, 
we include the negled of proper clothing, inattention to exercife, 
cleanlinefs, and good air; want, and abufe of, proper nutriment. 
Children require to be warmly and foftly clothed, and to have that 
clothing changed, as often as cleanlinefs requires : whilft the (kin, 
alfo, to enfure the latter, is attended to, with fuitable walhings, 
fridions, geftation, and motion. The utility of thefe will naturally 
lead to a change of places, where the air is in a fit ftate for re- 
fpiration; from confinement in clofe dwellings, where a number 
of people crowded together by day, and Deep by night, vitiate 
the air, and render it unfit for refpirable fuftenance to the human 
* Phthisiologia, p. 70, 74, 76, &c. race. Infants require more of food, in proportion to their fizc, 
than adults; as experience has told to all thofe who have a plea- 
sure in fupplying and Superintending their neceffities; they re- 
quire it alfo, frequently to be given, in fuch proportions, and of 
fuch a nature, as will not burthen the ftoraach, or allure the palate 
to take more than is requifite. 
A Sedentary inactive life, is, to all, prejudicial, if long continued. 
During the growth of the body it is particularly So, efpecially if it 
is confined long in any one pollute, interrupting the free extenfion 
and adlion of the limbs, or cauling unequal preflure upon other 
parts of the trunk. The reftraint which drefs formerly impofed 
upon youth, efpecially females, feems, in that fault, to have been 
fuccefsfully combated by the opinions and precepts of authors and 
others ; who have gained a conqueft over Some abfurd falhions and 
anile Sentiments; to the great advantage, in lhape, health, and 
pleafure, of the prefent and future generations; for now, eafe, 
and gracefulnefs, feem to have formed a league againft, and Suc- 
ceeded to, ftiffnefs and formality. The reftriftions which apparel 
formerly impofed upon ladies, feera lately, by fome prefent 
falhions, to be exploded by them, and eagerly accepted by gentle- 
men, whofe various ligatures, if not inimical to health, are at leaft 
ftrongly at variance with comfort. 
The neceffity, therefore, of attention to the infantile ftate, cannot 
be too llrongly enforced ; and ought never to be forgotten by thofe 
under whofe care they are; nor by thofe under whom the youth 
of both fexes are placed in their juvenile years; that whilft the 
cultivation of the mind is indubitably needful, and attended to, 
thofe liberties which are necelfary, in air and exercife, for the 
Security of healthful form and vigour, Ihould be liberally indulged 
in, as well as the requefts of the appetite for food, and the body 
for clothing ; fo that the rifmg generation may fay with the Poet; 
Such the reward of rude and Sober life; 
Of labour fuch. By health the peafant’s toil 
Is well repaid; if exercife were pain Indeed, and temperance pain. By arts 3ike thefc 
Laconia nurs’d of old her hardy fons ; 
And Rome’s unconquer’d legions urg’d their way, 
Unhurt, thro' every toil, in every clime. 
The Temperament we have noticed, which is fuppofed moft 
prone to the fpecies of phthifis we allude, may be called the 
/anguine; or fuch, in whom there is a foftnefs, whitenefs, and 
delicacy of the (kin, a flender form of body, fair and ruddy com- 
plexion ; in which the colour of the venous veflels are diftinCtly 
traced, the eyes generally blue and the cheeks florid *j the hair of 
* From the appearance of similitude in the temperament of those 
disposed to scrophula and Phthisis, the analogy of the two diseases 
has been deduced, and “ from observing that a Phthisis, at it’s 
“ usual periods, frequently attacks persons born of scrophulous 
“ parents; who had been afflicted with scrophula in their younger 
u years—and even when no scrophulous affection has either mani- 
“ festly preceded or accompanied a Phthisis, this last, however, 
“ most commonly affects persons of a habit resembling the scrophu- 
“ lous; that is, persons of a sanguine, or of a sanguineo-melancholic 
“ temperament, who have very fine skins, rosy complexions, large 
“ veins, soft flesh, and thick upper lip i and further, that in such 
“ persons the Phthisis comes on in the same manner as it does in 
“ persons having tubercles. Cullen. Cor. cit-at. 879, 
“ The only dissimilitude which I have been able to ascertain be- 
** tween them, and which by no means can be considered to consti- 
“ tute any essential difference in the characters of these diseases, is 
“in the time of their attack; scrophula being for the most part, 
“ observable in the earlier part of life, and Phthisis at a more 
** advanced age. In faCt, therefore, the phthisis pulmonalis seems 
“to be nothing more than scrophula arrived at the years of 
‘‘ maturity; more formidable certainly in its advanced age than in 
“ infancy, in proportion as the seat of it’s affeCtion is of greater im- 
-4‘ portance of life, than the diseased glands of an earlier period. 
The best histories of scrophula teach us that laxity and delicacy 
to XIV 
an auburn, reddifh, brown, or light colour; and of little ftrength ; 
as oppofed to that of the melancholic temperament, where it is 
generally ftrong and black; in the choleric, blackifh; and in the 
phlegmatic white. The cellular texture and mufcular fibre, is foft 
and tender. With fuch a condition of the body there is combined 
much fenfioility of mind, fufceptible of the fineft impreffions of 
tendernefs and fympathy.—The irritability, as generally under- 
ftood, great ; the genius quick, and the imagination chearful—the 
ftrength of the body moderate and aftive—its figure rather difpofed 
to plurapnefs or obefity, to plethora or fulnefs,—the heart being 
a&ive, and rather ftrong, (with refpeft to the fyftem of blood- 
veflelsj to hoemorrhagy, inflammation, and hyftena *; to colds, 
catarrhs, confumption and fcrophulaf. 
Such a cßvfiitution as this, in the female fex, we have aflumed as 
the model of our defeription; which includes an aljufion to th?t 
cafe which is often tuberculous, or the florid covjumption, The 
fpecies of this difeafe which have been enumerated by medical 
writers are very numerous, befides this—but the “ diftindlions 
a founded upon the ftates of the body merely imaginary, or fuch as 
o are not characterized by figns obvious to the fenfes” are juftly 
f* of fibre are the distinguishing features of persons who are subject 
f‘ to it. The same appearances constantly mark the predisposition 
f* to phthisis pulmonalis. The circumscribed redness of the cheeks, 
4< and other symptoms of phther, are equally common to both dis- 
eases. This plethora is the immediate consequence of that laxity 
u of muscular fibres, which pervading the whole of the vascular 
*£ system, occasions the blood-vessels to admit a larger quantity of 
ii blood into them, than in their natural condition they are capable 
s( of receiving ; and produces that local congestion in the face, and 
“ that distention of veins, which are found to accompany scrophu- 
if lous and phthisical patients.” 
Essay on pulmonary Consumption, by W. May, M. D. 
p. 38. & seq. 
* Treatise on the Materia Medica, by Dr. Cullen, Vol. I. page 
3x2. & seq. 
f Essay on the Materia Medica, by W, Moore, p. 35. exploded. “I am neverthelefs difpofed to think that there exifts 
(i a more effential difference between different cafes of Phthisis 
u Pulmonalis than the British practitioners in general feem willing 
“to admit. This difference appears to be clearly indicated by the 
“ fymptoms; and it would probably be completely afeertained by 
(( diffeCtion, if it were more the cuftom to open the bodies of per- 
K fons who die confumptive. Two varieties or two fpecies have 
“ lately appeared to me to be well marked ;—the firft may perhaps 
ft be termed the Jiond, in which, efpecially during Its approach 
« and towards its commencement, we perceive at the time of the 
“ acceffion of feverifhnefs, the vivid rednefs of the cheeks, as well 
“ as an extraordinary permanent rednefs of the lips, of the tongue, 
“ and fauces. The eyes too, in fuch cafes, are remarkable for their 
“ 'vivacity. The blood, difeharged by epiftaxis * or hoemoptysis +, 
u has a colour evidently more florid than ufual. The other variety 
“ fets in at leaft with very different fymptoms, and has been called, 
t( on account of the prodigious expectoration of mucus at its com- 
“ mencement, the pitu'ttous or catarrhal confumption J.5’ 
1 here appears to be, in every conftitution prone to hoeraorrhages 
and catarrhofe complaints, a condition of debility—and when fuch 
effeds take place, we may argue that there is fome depraved Hate 
of the lungs |[—a frame incapable of bearing expofure to different 
changes, in the habits of life, or to thofe caufes which endanger 
mcreafe of debility—not to be compared to fuch a hardy race as 
Salluft § mentions, healthy, vigorous, and capable of fultaining 
* A bleeding from the nose. 
■f A discharge of blood from the lungs. 
% A letter to Erasmus Darwin, M. D. by T. Beddoes, M. D. 
P- 6, & seq. & 26. 
H Hasc signa debilem quidem universi corporis habitum mons- 
trant: pulmonum autem pravam fabricam prsesertim nonant. 
Dissertatio medica inaugurales Gregorio auCtore claris- 
simo, ex Thesauro Medico, Edinensis, Tom 3. 
§ Genus hominum salubri corpore : velox patiens laborum: 
plerosque seneffus dissolvit nisi qui ferro aut a bestiis interiere, nam 
morbus baud ssepe queunquam superat. De bello Jugurthino, XVI 
labour, who fink to the grave by the force of age rather than dif- 
cafe, unlefs they are priorly fo unfortunate as to perifh by the 
fword, or become the victims of the beafts of prey. 
In the temperament of decreafed irritability, as defined by Dr, 
Darwin *, fubjeft to confumption, and to all other difeafes of 
debility, there is obferved a largenefs of the aperture of the eye, 
which, he fays, has by fome, been reckoned a beautiful feature in 
the female face, and indicating delicacy; but to an experienced 
obferver a mark of debility ; therefore a deleft, and not an excel- 
lency—debility is the mark of this temperament, which, is moft 
frequently found amongft females; and narrow-lhouldered men. 
Popular opinion fuppofes thofe who are of fuch a temperament, to 
be more irritative, according to the common acceptation of the 
word: but in reality they are not fo: for defefl of irritation, and 
exccfs of fenfation alone, moft frequently produce difeafe in the 
temperament of fenfibility—for irritability, and not fenfibility, is 
immediately neceflary to bodily health; when there is excefs of 
fenfation, there is increafed aflivity of all thofe motions of the 
organs of fenfe, and mufcles, which are exerted in confequence of 
pleafure or pain—fuch are liable to inflammatory difeafes; and to 
that kind of confumption which is hereditary; and commences 
with flight repeated hoemoptoe. 
The circumfcnbed faridity of the cheeky may not always be pre- 
fcnt, before evident advances of the difeafe have taken place. In 
• Zoonomia, Vol. i. 
+ Dr. Darwin queries, whether the iris (pupil of the eye) does 
not generally become more contrafted just before and just after 
Phthisis commences ? Though it is impossible not to perceive the 
acuteness of the argument from the habitual dilatation of the pupil to 
the inirritability of the system, do not some appearances shew more 
decisively still, that the system about the beginning of consumption 
is highly irritable ? Being soon heated by small degrees of stimu- 
lant diet before debility comes on.—Even so, I do not understand 
why in an irritable state of the body, the iris should be unirritated. 
Letter to Dr. Beddoes, p. ?I, the progrefs of the difeafe, it is evidently marked, upon the pale 
face *; as well as the pearly appearance of the tunica aduata + of 
the eye. During a paroxyfm of heftic, the rednefs is truly evi- 
dent; the lips alfo, and tubecules in the inner canthus X of the eyes, 
are brighter than when in health $. 
“ The hue of the heftic countenance, clear, bright and flulhed, 
(i diametrically oppofite to the fcorbutic complexion, affords fome 
« preemption of a ftate of the blood, equally receding, but in op- 
tf polite direction, from the ftandard of health. The countenance 
<$ of perfons flulhed by exercife or food widely differs from that 
“ vermillion bloom, which is miftaken by the uninftrufted for the 
“ fign of health, though it is the harbinger or attendant of an 
“ incurable difeafe. On holding the hand of a confumptive per- 
“ fon againft the light, the femi-tranfparency of the margin of the 
“ fingers and joints is, I think, evidently of a more vivid carnatioi\ 
“ hi confumptive patients.’* 
FREQUENCY AND FATALITY OF PHTHISIS IN 
THIS ISLAND. 
Experience, and conftant obfervation prove, that there is fuffi- 
cient reafon to be convinced of this ; without mentioning what 
the Bills of Mortality vouch for in London: or the regifters of 
other parilhes. 
* Cullen, p, 1. 860. 
t That part called the white of the eye. 
t Or angle, where the eye-lids embrace each other, near the 
nose; where the little red tumour, called lacrymal carunelc is 
seated. 
$ Reid, p. io. Iqc, cit» There is no difeafe which afflifts Britain, that defpoils its inha- 
bitants more than this; hence the defirable objedl of attaining the 
poffibility of preventing, and the utility of enquiring into the 
caufes of it: whether we confider the devaftations which it makes, 
or the objefts which are moft its prey. It is from this frequency 
and fatality that it has been repeatedly deemed an endemic *, 
The caufes of this are difficult to be afcertained, whether we 
inftitute an enquiry, upon the idea of its being of a fcrophulaus 
nature, or not; or we allude to the nature of the climate,* or our 
manner of living, and clothing. 
Refpefting Scrophula, though if may be more prevalent here, 
than it many other countries we are acquainted with, we dare not 
determine that it arifes from the effects of climate altogether; 
becaufe it has been occafionally obferved in all, and in all fitua- 
tions, whether cold, hot, humid, or temperate : and has been no- 
ticed in all ages +—but, is fuppofed to be more prevalent, in cold 
and humid countries, than in the temperate and dry—not being fo 
frequent in Italy, as in this ifland—in Spain, the accounts we have, 
leave this ftill dubious—in Ireland its frequency is faid to be more 
than here; as alfo, in the weftern parts of the ifland, than in the 
eaftern: as is imagined, to be owing, to the greater humidity 
which is found there. It may be faid however of this, and Phthifis, 
as was faid on another occaflon, 
Ere yet the fell Plantagenets had fpent 
Their ancient rage, at Bofworth’s purple field; 
While, for which tyrant England ftiould receive, 
Her legions in inceftuous murders mix’d. 
Albion the Poifon of the gods has drank 
And daily horrors ; 
It might be conjeftured, that every inhabitant of a climate, was 
* Dissert, inaug. Gregory. 
f Gregory loc* cit. p. 331. & seq. 
% Armstrong loc* cit. B. in, L. 531, 533, & seq. by nature, originally adapted to that in which it was placed; frnce 
find no irrational animals, naturally, in fites improper for 
them : therefore, that mankind, might live under all the varieties, 
snd inclemencies of their native climate, without injury, provided 
they lived according to the laws of nature. In many inftances, we 
find people in a rude and uncivilized ftate, little attending to the 
unfavourablenefs of climate, live in health and vigour j although 
daily expofed to the variablenefs of fuch a climate—for, not until 
the arts which civilization induced, were known, capable of de- 
fending from all inclemencies, of promoting eafe, and pleafure, and 
familiarizing indulgence and luxury, did people begin to com- 
plain of the unfeafonablenefs of weather, and the diffatisfadlion of 
fituation. The unlettered favage, though well acquainted with, 
and avoiding, the pain and uncomfortablencfs of an unfavouring 
heaven, does not fuffcr fo much, if chance expofes him to it, as 
when it becomes the ftudy of his knowledge to avoid it, by the 
introduction of means of peculiar protection and convenience ; 
which, in future, may render him more fufceptible of the evils he 
fo carefully fought to avoid—his fears and guardian folicitudes, 
aided by his arts, thus ultimately, ceteris paribus, may become the 
caufes of noxious effefts. 
The mode, therefore, of avoiding fuch injuries, is by endeavour- 
ing to promote that ftrength, and hardinefs of body, which, whilft 
it cannot avoid occafional dangers, viciflitudes, and inconveniences, 
may be able, without detriment, to encounter and bear them. But 
the elegancies of life, and the capacity which a wealthy ftate finds 
for enjoyment, are often at variance with the right mode of pro- 
moting, or attaining fuch advantage *. 
The accomplilhing of a robuft habit, in fuch conftitutions as we 
are treating of in our poem, cannot be gained by immature expofure 
to cold, and inclement weather, while in infancy; as has been 
attempted by forae, by walking in cold air, little clothing, and the 
indifcriminate ufe of the cold bath ; efpeclally, whilft the ftrufturc 
* Gregory loc. cit, p, 318,. XX 
of our dwellings, and their plcafurable conveniences, and degree of 
heat in their rooms, are of fo oppofite a nature. By which, infants 
or young perfons, and even adults, after being expofed to the 
effedis of cold, will, on returning to fo different a ftate of air, be- 
come daily expofed to a caufe of inflammation and catarrh; cir- 
cumftances, which cannot be too much avoided, in the phthiflcal, 
fcrophulous, or any habit. To the former of which, moft particu- 
larly, a middle temperature of air will always be the moll fafe, and 
Invigorating. “ Children are fo fufceptible of Inflammations, that 
« a great part of the mortality among them is, as far as I have 
obferved and can judge, to be afcribed to the ignorance of mo- 
“ thers and nurfes of the power which even a moderate change of 
a temperature, if fuddenly made, has to affedl their tender and irri- 
** table frame. Hence in part the populoufnefs of countries equally 
“ warm, thofe gardens of the earth, equally calculated to rear and 
<* fupport its inhabitants 
VARIABLENESS OF THE CLIMATE. 
From the earlieft time, and by the moft ancient writers on the 
fubjeft, it appears, that mankind paid much attention to the at- 
mofphere, as influencing their feelings and their health; hence in 
all ages, and by all nations, great confiderations of, and obfervance, 
were made to it, in the choice of public fituations, and private 
habitations; according to climate and fcafon. 
But that remark may feem mifapplied, when we confider the 
form and ftrufture of large and ancient towns in fome places; in 
♦ Observations, Beddoes, p. 155, XXI 
which, our anceftors feem to have paid little attention to the ad- 
vantages we value fo much, of ventilation and cleanlinefs. Per- 
haps, the clofenefs and manner of comparing buildings after the 
hrft eftablilhments took place, may have been influenced by the 
effects of policy, fafety, or neceflity ; for few places will be found 
to be defective in local and natural advantages, of the confiderations 
we allude to, on their being founded. 
Obfervations have frequently and rcafonably been made, that 
thofe countries are the moil falubrious, in which an equal date of 
weather, ferene and temperate, prevails—and that thofe which are 
hot, very cold, or humid, are more dangerous; efpecially if fubjetl 
to fudden changes of the weather—but whatfoever may be the 
general ftate of the weather, in any clime or feafon, whether hot 
or cold, thofe, as Celfus has noticed, which are moll uniform in 
their continuance, are the bed for health; the variable, the moll 
inimical to it. We can add our own experience in confirmation of 
this, having often remarked, that during any kind of weather 
which takes place, in the fituation we have moftly refided in, that 
the end of the duration of the time, which it has continued, if of 
any confiderable extent, has been moftly favourable to general 
health, provided no particular epidemic difeafe prevailed. And 
that even when the weather has been of that nature, which Is 
deemed by vulgar opinion to be unwholefome, if it has been per- 
manently uniform, little ill health has been manifefted, fo that 
there may be great reafon for this idea, that it may be “ unfor- 
“ tunate for the inhabitants of this country, that we are not fub- 
“ jected to fuch a continued feverity of cold, as fhould oblige us 
« regularly to fortify ourfclves by warm clothing V’ 
Our atmofphere has been faid to be generally compofed of thofe 
ftates, which are underftood in the common acceptation of the 
language, of warm and rnoift, cold and dry +. Often have we fecn 
it, for four or five fummer’s months, temperate, and for the moft 
* Observations, See. Beddoes, p. x6i. 
t Burton on the Non-naturals, p. 87. XXII 
part ferene, dry, conftant, and in every refpeft benign and falubri- 
ous; whilft the remainder of the year has been cold, hrnnid, 
variable, and confequently favorable for the effeding many difeafes. 
This 'vanahlenefs of our climate, fo ftigmatized, and fo much 
deemed repugnant to the health of the Phthifical, may upon reflec- 
tion, be allowed to be a caufe adequate to the effed ; at leaft, that 
it is peculiarly calculated to excite pulmonary inflammation : with 
the concurrence of other circumftances *. 
Ought we, upon viewing the average ftate of the climate of this 
ifland, whilft we make the conclufion we have done above, to call 
it unhealthy ? We think not; and probably fads will warrant us 
in making fuch a conclufion. Let us attend to what Claromon- 
tius + fays; and furely, flnce his time, no great or general altera- 
tion can have taken place in our Ikies, whatever changes may have 
happened to our habits or manners. 
The Sun, the fource of heat and light, and fofterer of life, attends 
Britain, as long as may be, with its enlivening prefence; whofe 
lands, it not more cheers than it fertilizes, by its beams. In fum- 
mer it extends the day feventeen hours ; and in winter, when it’s 
prefence mull attend and illumine another orbit of the world, as if 
unwilling to divert his chariot from this fpot, he feems to delay 
with it, and allows feven hoars for the fliorteft day—which circum- 
ftances, whilft I contemplate them, would lead me with incredible 
fatisfadion, to believe, that no climate could be more falabrious 
than Britain. 
Yet, that Author feemed to think, on confidering the difeafes 
which the inhabitants are fubjed to, that the air muft not be fo 
conducive to health. But, we are not willing to attribute the mis- 
fortunes of this kind, which we find mixed with our lot, altogether, 
to fucb a caufe; nor, are difeafes in general, more frequent or more 
numerous here, than in other parts of the globe. He attributes 
much to the prevalence of the atmofphere we have in our infular 
* Obs. Beddoes, p. 149* 
t He iEre, aquis, et loeis terras Augliae. Londini, 1682, p. x 5. fituation; and condemns fuch an illand in general, as more infalu- 
brious than the Continent; becaufe of the frequent exigence of 
miftinefs *, undiflipated by the fun f. 
In England, really, he fays, the Iky is moftly thick and loaded 
with clouds, not only in winter, but in the middle of fummer. 
Scarcely ever is it ferene, but more generally fimilar to autumn or 
winter weather, no day is there altogether fair £, it either raining 
wholly, or there is a hazinefs, or fometimes rain for many days 
continuance ; with a heavy killing atmofphere. Which is the caufe 
of many difeafes, efpccially in autumn. This is what we were 
able to know of Britain, as far as fome years’ experience would 
allow us; and as fuch we would have it to be underftood gene- 
rally. For here, fome lituations are more falubrious than others. 
We find here, the earth bound by froft and fnow for many 
months; and that not only, not far from the fea, but even on the 
very Ihores. And even now whilft I write, the days feem quite 
wintry, though in May. lam furrounded with fuch a thick and 
dark atmofphere **. 
* Those roving mists, that constant now begin 
To smoke along the hilly country, 
t Qmppe infirmissima quae que, coelo sunt obnoxia maxime. In 
universum autem insalubrioris esse coeli quam Continentem, per- 
multis probari documentis potest. Et quo longius in mari positae 
a Continente recessere, eo graviorem esse aerem constat, ob nebulas e 
mari evolutas, quae vix, ac ne vix quidem a sole dissipantur. Idque 
non aestate solum, sed etiam hyeme, imo etiam rnagis. Non turn aer 
tepcscit obsolutas nives. Tepidus autem aer insalubrior. 
Thompson. Autumn, L, 734. 
J by the cool declining year condens’d, 
Descend the copious exalations, check’d 
As up the middle sky unseen they stole, 
And roll the doubling fogs around the hill. 
** thence expanding far, 
The huge dusk gradual swallows up the plain ? XXIV 
He gives us the following fentiments, on the regimen of our 
anceftors, at a particular period, after having mentioned their kind 
of diet, and its effeds. However, certainly by fuch evils, after 
conftant civil wars, they have learned temperance. For as I was 
informed by certain elderly people, the Englifh, before the civil 
diffentions, lived in much feftive indulgence and luxury j enjoying 
in rotation, at each one’s habitation, long continued feafts, with 
copious quantities of liquor. And, commonly, there was no one, 
howfoever humble his ftate, who did not liberally treat his neigh- 
bours, as well as ftrangers, with kindnefs and hofpitality*. But what 
took place afterwards, when civil difcords rent the minds of the 
people ! What not only did injury to fcience as well as the comfort 
of fociai gratifications. After, I know not what kind of a religious 
frenzy feized the minds of the people, difturbed peace and over- 
turned the order of all things ; the cuftom of invitation and 
vifiting fell into difufe. Doubtlefs, as it feems, for the purpofe 
of cultivating a different religion; every perfon then looking upon 
his neighbour with a fufpicious eye—hence religion reconciled 
their manners to priftine fimplicity. 
Yet, as few evils do not afford partial good, he obferves, one 
thing feems to have been derived of benefit (from the civil cala- 
mity) that in general, every where the profufe meat at fupper was 
negledled, which was accuflomed to be in fuch vogue—whence, 
one great fupport, and caufe of many difeafes, was done away +. 
Vanish the woods; the dim seen river seems 
Sullen, and slow, to roll the misty wave. 
Ev’n in the heighth of noon opress’d ; the sun 
Sheds weak and blunt his wide-refraded ray. 
Thomson. 
* As Ovid says, Metam. L. 11. 94. 
Orgia tradiderat cum Cecropio Eumolpo, 
Qui simul agnovit socium, comitemque sacrorum, 
Hospitis adventu, festum genialxter egit. 
f Claromontius, p. 46. XXV 
We prelent thofe obfervations to the curiofity of the Reader, 
che diffafenefs of which, we hope will not appal; and leave them 
for his own comments. Though our years, fee the mod lovely of 
the inhabitants of this Ifland, often a prey to Phthisis, fo as to 
fix a blame upon its climate, and though our atmofpherc be 
drenched often, with mifty obfeurity, and fuch attendant gloomi- 
nefs, as may attach horrors to the hypochondriac; yet, the wife 
and adlive Briton will not fuffer opprelfed fancy to be deceived, 
nor blame his Ikies for, Novembrile mifehiefs, fell with ttedium 
vitae, which ofteneft arife from other urgent caufes: but will ftill 
with patriotic ardour and love, animatedly, fay with the Poet; 
England, with all thy faults, I love thee ftill; 
My country! and while yet a nook is left 
Where Englilh minds and manners may be found, 
Shall be conftrain’d to love thee—though thy clime 
Be fickle, and thy year moft part deform’d 
With dripping rains, or wither’d by a froft, 
I would not yet exchange thy fullen Ikies 
And fields without a flow’r—for warmer France, 
With all her vines; nor for Aufonia’s groves 
Of golden fruitage, and her myrtle bow’rs *, 
Which alterations, truly, with native love may reafonably be 
allowed; feeing with truth it may be faid, with the Author we 
have fo lately much attended to+, to be opulent; abundant in 
* Task, a poem, by Cowper, B. 11. 
t Claroraontius loc. cit. p. 10, & seq. who further says in 
praise of this 
«< Island of bliss! amid the subject seas, 
** That thunder round thy rocky coasts set up, 
Quod si ex foecunda laetaque rerum omnium produclione, possumus 
de seris bonitate ferre sententiam: profefto Britanniam aere frui XXVI 
riches of every kind, eminent men and women, the moft adorned 
of their fex. 
Britannia! hail; for beauty is their own, 
The feeling heart, fimplicity of life, 
And elegance and tafte : the faultlefs form, 
Shap’d by the hand of harmony ; the cheek 
Where the live erimfon, thro’ the native white 
Soft-fhooting, o’er the face diffufes bloom, 
And evey namelefs grace ; the parted lip, 
Like the red rofe bud mold: with morning-dew. 
Breathing delight; and, under flowing jet, 
Or funny ringlets, or of circling brown, 
The neck flight-fhaded, and the fuelling breaft ; 
The look refiftlefs, piercing to the foul. 
And by the foul inform’d, when dreffed in love. 
She fits high-fmiling in the confcious eye*. 
What is called catching cold, has been frequently inveighed 
againft, and attributed to the variablenefs of our climate ; it is an 
longeoptimo confitendum est. Nam omnia illic grandiori nitidiorique 
forma prognata benignius fovet aletque tellus, quam alibi locorum 
übi videtur aer est salubrior. Non enim mulieres modo numerosa 
beatas, pulchraque sobole cernas: sed equis ; sed reliqua etiam 
animautia multiplici fcetu usque renas scentia cum admiratione 
perspicias. Illie boves enormi magnitudine, illic equi turn formosi 
turn perniciosissimi, illic canum ingentium et immani riftu formi 
daudorum magna vis : illic denique cum virorum turn focminarum 
ad spectabilis et erefta decoraque species, summo cum voluptatis 
sensu visitur. Coloreis floridus, Isedla frons, viVaces oculi, sub- 
flava promissa cssaries, totus habitus ad elegantiam compositus. 
Solum vero ipsura überrinum, statis anni temporibus, orani bo- 
norum ge-nere colonos, floribus, herbis, arboribus, frugibus. 
Thomson’s Summer, 1, 1580. efleft which opens the way to the worft confequences. “ The 
origin of genuine Phthifis may generally be traced from hoe- 
“ moptyfis, or blood iffuing from the lungs, from what is termed 
tc taking cold; and fometimes from external injuries,*” yet 
fuch a caufe how often do we fee difregarded, by thole who are 
tnoft liable to Injury from it; for, as Cullen obferves, it is often, 
Upon one or other of thefe occafions of catching cold, that the 
incipient cough of Phthifis beginsf, and ultimately proves fatal 
to multitudes. 
Under fuch a ftate of climate, young perfons are more fubjecl 
to debility, from the impediments to due excitability which they 
are fubjeftedto—that debility which in the Phthifical habit Ihould 
be obviated; whilft the caufes promoting inflammation are avoid- 
ed, the former of which is moll efficacioufly fucceeded in, in a 
temperate climate. 
The abfence of a certain degree of heat, ftrengthens the body, 
generally fpeaking ; giving vigour to it, and energy to the mind, 
by conltringing the capillary vefiels of the furface, it abates per- 
fpiration, hence the blood is propelled in an increafed volume 
towards the heart. In confequence of which the vital principle 
is accumulated, and the reaction of the heart and arteries, feuds 
back the blood with an increafed velocity and power to the fur- 
face of the body; fo as, in an healthy ftate, to diffufe a genial 
Warmth. Such an application of the degree of heat, which does 
not carry off the heat of the body too fall, gives, what is called 
tone to the whole lyftem, proves a powerful ftimulus to the fto- 
mach, creating thus a keen appetite for food, with a fenfe of 
lightnefs, alacrity, and ftiength; as thole experience, who live in 
a cool dry air, and maintain a fuitable degree of exerclfe; having 
for the moft part, ftrong and ariive health, with good digeftion, 
and a complexion which befpeaks thole. 
* Reid joc. clt. p, 6. 
+ P, 1. Sgo. The extremes of cold are unfriendly to the conftitution, as 
well as thofe of heat. In this cl imate we are. more liable to be 
expo fed to an excels of the former, than the latter. The relative, 
power of cold, with refpeft to the living human body, is that 
power by which a fenfation of cold is produced in it*. 
Under the effe£ls of warmth of feafon thofe who have betray- 
ed fymptoms of Phthifis have found them difappearj as the 
afflicted in winter, have experienced in our climate in fummer. 
Which circumftance, has often afforded a fallacious idea that a 
cure was effefted ; and that thofe means which were exhibiting at 
the time were the promoters of it. A deception alas! but too 
frequently well afcertained, by the recurrence of fymptoms in 
winter and fpringf. Such a (fate has been known to be repeated 
feveral times during life, and has been obferved in thofe conftitu- 
tions, in whom during fpring there appeared to be a great determi- 
nation of blood to the lungs. By the appearance of Pus, which has 
been exfcreated, concomitant with other figns, incipient Phthilrs 
has been denoted; all which, have ceafed in fummer. 
Under poverty of diet, particularly, the fame obfervations have 
been made refpefting fcrophula—the complaints attendant on 
which, feem often to commence, or to be aggravated in winter, to 
increafe in fpring, decreafe in fummer, and are often entirely re- 
moved in autumn ; though they are again renewed in winter^. 
Thus confidered, fummer may be deemed the molt healthy 
feafon for the Phthifical j but fome think, winter is not to be con- 
demned as the moil dangerous. Spring and autumn, are judged 
to aggravate complaints of fitch a nature moft, on account of the 
diftribution of the blood being more difturbed by the hidden 
changes of weather, which are prevalent in thofe times. In fum- 
mer the perfpiration is more increafed, and the blood more deter- 
Cullen p. 1. So. 
-f- Cullen, loc.cit. 896. Gregory loc, cit. p. 333, 
t Gregory p. 331. &feq. mined to the Surface of the body by the warmth of the air; and 
thus, lei's fluidsdetermined to the urinary excretion—ln winter the 
reverie takes place—ln autumn, that equilibrium between the 
kidneys and the furface of the body. Is not fo regular; hence a 
greater determination, often owing to the irregularities of the wea- 
ther, to the lungs. Yet, though in winter things may fo take place, 
in the fyftem of the body, yet often hidden changes of the wen. 
ther difturb this uniformity ; as well as the greater caufewe make, 
by the difference of the air in our dwellings, and that of the air 
out of doors; for whilft in the latter, it may be extremely cold, 
we may maintain great warmth in our houfes; and the espofoie, 
and change from one to the other, caules irregular, and often 
fudden changes in the diftribution of the blood. In fummer the 
external air being warm, obviates the need of fires within doors; 
and thus places are in a more equable ftate of warmth, which ren- 
ders them more congenial, and lefs difturbing to the conffitution ; 
and the perfpiratory function, except from violent cattles, is fel- 
dom fuddenly or violently interrupted or changed from its uniform 
cutaneous difcharge. 
To obviate fuch effects, attention fliould be paid to avoid fad- 
den tranfitions from heat to cold ; or from cold to heat, and the 
furface of the body fliould be fuitably defended by cloathing,- ac- 
cording to the feafon, or the obligation, which neceffary tranfitions 
impofes upon us, fo that they may not be fuddenly felt. 
OF THE MANNER OF LIVING AND CLOATHING, 
If we have been diffufc, according to the manner and nature 
of what we have brought forward, refpefling the variablenefs and 
mteniperatcneis of climate fupplying certain remcte canfes of 
confumption ; we do not mean to fay much on the fubjeft of 
diet in this light; and of cloathing we {hall fpeak afterwards- XXX 
It muft be allowed by all, that the abufe of ftimuli in food 
and drink, is, the fource of numerous difeafes of an infuperable 
nature; and haftens the decay of excitability too rapidly. This 
indifcretion, at all periods of life, is too often exemplified; but 
more particularly is to be regretted in juvenile years. 
To the fanguine conftitution, fuch abufe muft always be ob- 
noxious, tending to promote extreme irritability at one time; and 
debility ultimately—The application, in which ftate, of exciting 
caufes may promote hoemoptyfis and pulmonary inflammation. 
To females, fuch an abufe of excitement in the articles of food, 
perhaps is not fb extenfxvely applicable ; nor to the many cafes, 
which we fee affliiiled, from caufes, fcarcely to be traced in that 
fex. But the degree of excitement in every frame muft be allowed 
to be relative, hence, how is the precife medium which moil 
favours health to be deferibed, or is it poflible to be obferved 
and adhered to ? 
UNSUCCESSFULNESS OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE. 
The difficulty which has been experienced in the cure ofidio- 
pathical phthifis, cannot in the prefent ftate of our feience be a 
degradation to individuals to acknowledge; though we lament, 
it is fo, to the art: and is much to be regretted by humane in- 
duftry and defire efpecially, when we take a retrofpebl of what 
little advancement has been made to this end, fince the time 
the primitive medical writers. Celfus* fays, if there is a greater 
degree of difeafe, than what he has before mentioned, it is necef- 
fary to oppofe its progrefs }n the early ftage ; for when it has 
continued long, it is not eafily fubdued. 
* Quod fi mall plus eft, et veraphthifis eft, inter initia protinus 
occurere neceffarium eft: neque facile enim hie morbus, cum in- 
reteraverit, evincitur. I. 3* C. 22, Morton confirms the opinion of Celfus, and adds, that phthlfis 
arifing hereditarily, or in mal conformation of the cheft, for the 
molt part is fatal j becaufe, the canfe which produces it, is be- 
yond the reach of our art: though, he admits that it may be 
cured* in the fpring feafon, the approaching warmth con- 
ducing to this; but obferves afterward's, that often this hercu- 
lean difeafe, by certain means becomes Incurable j either becaufe 
the phyfician, which not unfrequentiy happens, or from the 
flattering nature of the difeafe, or careleflhefs and parfimony 
of the patient, is confulted too later ; ox, laltly, from the igno- 
rance of the phyfician, who not having a right knowledge of 
this difeafe, in its various ftages, uaderllands not therefore the 
proper method of treating it. 
We have made an allufion to this difficulty, in confeffing, in 
our poem, the little addition, through the lapfe of time, which 
has been made beneficially to our knowledge; yet we do no* 
mean, whilft we Confers our little power of controul over the 
difeafe, to allow that it is in itfelf abfolutely incurable : we are 
more inclined to give with CullenJ, the failure to the imperfec- 
tion of our art. Of this opinion is Dr. May §; and Dr. Reid jj 
does not believe, the diforder in its own nature, is attended with 
lb much danger as has been ufually apprehended ; and, that the 
opinion of its fataility being fo generally received, has weaken- 
* ac caeteri morbi, he fays, De prognofticis p. 134., 135. 
f '* Nor has wealth yet, been able to provide a barrier capable 
** of refilling itsinvafion; few, except the needy, negleCt to call 
“ in the aid of medicine, and many doubtlefs lleadily purfue 
“ the directions they receive; neverthelefs, rich houfes are every 
“ day, difeharging into the grave, victims to this difeafe.” 
Eeddoes’ Letter to Di. Black, p. », 
+ loc. cit. p. I. 899 
§ loc. cit. Introduction; p. 8. 
it Efiay p. 66. Ed the efforts of the phyfician—we would willingly in general 
believe not. Patients and their friends have often been im- 
preffed with this idea, w hen medical attempts have not produced, 
as expelled, the hoped fuccefs; and thence have relaxed in their 
endeavours, and been unsteady in their adherence to medicine and 
regimen j but this is notan observation, applicable only, to this 
difeafe, or to fitch patients j positioners in phyfic know the 
difficulty of bringing their patients to, and perfuading to a per- 
feverence in, an observance of rules, which interrupt eftabliflied 
habits and pleasures : especially if the difeafe is of that nature, 
■which is likely to be protracted ; befuies, as the laft author fays, 
the opinion of friends and attendants, often interpofe and frus- 
trate the defires of the phyfician 5 as few of thofe, are without 
fame fpecific remedy, for the cure of a confumption. 
We believe, notwithstanding thofe impediments, as well as 
©pinions and errors, which have long been held, perhaps ad- 
verfely, to right reafon and experience; that the affurance, that 
the difeafe “ is curable at any period, before the vital ftrength 
“ is greatly broken down, and the Stomach and digestive facuU 
« ties rendered incapable of aflimilating nourishment*”, is rather 
yet unqualified, if we may Speak from our knowledge of ge- 
neral faCts. 
If we take, phthifis in the light it is viewed by fome, as a cer- 
tain form of fcrophulaf j we may venture to fay, though many 
advantageous and fuccefsfuliy curative improvements, have been 
made in the treatment of fcrophula, yet we know very little of 
its real nature, or the caufe of the difeaS'e. If it is “ a contami- 
“ nated habit of body, fome latent vitiated principle in the 
“ constitution, upon which the fatality of confumption has ds- 
“ puted.”—Do we know what that is? if not, how are we to 
know how to correct it ? therefore till then, we wander only m 
the dark 5 with fuch fafts to guide us as fuccefsful experience 
has in fome few iullances furnished us with ; and it avails little 
Effay, &c. Reid, p. 68. f May’s Effay, to be told, that te whatever tends to correft that principle, and 
ff to improve the general habit of the conftitution, will be found 
** belt appropnated to the cure of phthi(is# nor, is it any more 
confolation to refkft, that there is a certain peculiarity in the 
Phthifical, which is not explained, though by moll allowed j 
and, that when its morbid date is evident, is more often tub- 
dued by phylical caufes, whofe mode of operation we are little 
acquainted with, than by medical powers. 
We Hill want the right means of diftinguiflnng with exa&nefs, 
the different kinds of confumption, at leatt, more fo, than they 
have generally been ; not only to guide our diagnoftic but our 
prafticef from the want of this, and a better inlight into caufes, 
our prognoftic is only eftablilhed upon the knowledge of con- 
stant ill fuccefs, and is therefore, always unfavoux-able, in every 
Stage of the complaint; and particularly fo, if there is reafon to 
fuppofe that the fcrophulous diathelis is, as it has been termed* 
called into action. 
Dr. Beddoes, fays, not much feems to be gained, by ranking 
phthifical tumors and ulcers of the lungs, among fcrophulous 
complaints. We have no very fuccefsful method of treating 
fcrophulous fores wherever feated.—Not to mention that very 
different ailments are comprehended under a term fo conveni- 
ently vague. I fee no hopes of transferring any ufeful ideas from 
tile external appearance of fcrophula, to the internal form of the 
difeafe ; if they Ihould be elfentiaily the fame, of which I am by 
no means fatisfiedf. In refolving tubercles, the analogy of fcro- 
phula gives no affiffance in this matter; for the remedies which 
are ufeful in fcrophula, do not avail for that intention§. 
There does exid, as Dr, Withering confirms, a truly fcrophu- 
lous confumption 5 but according to his words, it is a rare, and 
May’s Eflay, Introduction, p. 19. 
■f- Letters from Dr. Withering, See, p. u, 
J Obfervations, &c. Beddoes, p. nz, 
§ Cullen, p. 1. ijo/. XXXIV 
not incurable dileafe, if the treatment be properly adjufted to its 
nature; but the treatment which I have repeatedly found fuc- 
eefsful here, would only halien the florid confuraption to its 
fatal termination*. 
We havereafon, for concluding, therefore, that much remains 
yet to be done, to give greater certainty to our proceedings in 
the treatment of confumption. The aftive induftry of the pre_ 
fent generation, aided by the improvements and lights which 
ehemiftry offers, and an increafeof phyfiological knowledge, will 
DO doubt, it not altogether fucceffful in its efforts, contribute 
amply by its endeavours, to do away the defe£ls which remain. 
Hope feems now to have a more fubftantial fupport to lean upon, 
than what the vague opinions, and theories of our anceltors 
afforded; dependence upon the futile and inert medicaments to 
correct humours, ufed by them, feems now to be dethroned; 
the acquired reputation of moff of which, probably arofe from 
the fanative changes in the body, produced by age and feafbn. 
To this, we attribute much of the chara£ter which has been at- 
tained by quack and specific medicines, fo conllantly offer- 
ed to the world under every fpecies of advertifement. To the 
natural actions which take place in the fyftem, producing a 
curable effect, under the ufe of a particular medicine, have thofej 
given in phthilis, as well as other difeafes, which would often 
perhaps have taken place fooner, without fuch interpofition, 
been raifed to the higheft rank of laud and truft; there to receive 
the adulation-of their votaries, and fway their ufurped authority 
over the confidence of individuals, and often of the multitude, 
till the time when perfpicuous obfervation, and ferutinizing ex- 
perience removes the veil, which concealed the truth of their 
ineffectual power. So, often, does one phyfician by being em- 
ployed after another, at a particular period of cbfeafe, bear away 
the palm of honour, and the fruits of a joyful victory : to whofe 
fame, built perhaps, on the care and prior attention of another, 
conftant paeans are fung in future, full of confidence and admi- 
ration. 
* Letters XXXV 
The number of fpecifices which oppofe themfelves daily by 
their recommendations, as allured remedies, to the eyes, for 
coughs, colds, and confumptions, would feem to contradift the 
above fentimentsj but the author does not condemn them with- 
out reafon and experience, having frequently exhibited them 
from his own inclination; as well as when willing to give 
way to the defire of the patient, to try the moft celebrated of 
them, in various ftages of the difeafe; he has fuperintended thus, 
their ufe and watched their effects, without feeing any beneficial 
confequences curatively, or with fo much palliative eafe as can 
be attained, perhaps, more fafely by generally well known me- 
dicines. 
Perhaps, it may now be expelled, that we fliould give our fen- 
timents on the particular means which have been ufed in the 
CURE of PHTHISIS, and offer alfo a plan for it j but fuch a de- 
tail comes not within the fcope of our prefent defign, nor would 
the ft ate of oui experience warrant an attempt of the kind, it 
could not therefore afford information to one clafs of readers, or 
amufement to others; hence an apology will be obvious for the 
little that has been Paid on this head, in the poetical part of this 
work. 
On the PROPHYLAXIS, or the Means of preventing or guarding 
againf PHTHISIS. 
Perhaps, with propriety, more may be written with the 
hope that greater certainty may accompany it, than what we 
could be flattered with from any do&rines of cure. Confidering 
therefore, the difficulty attendant on this, our endeavours fliould 
be more Itrongly oppofed againft the appeal ance of morbid figns j 
by, fuch means of prevention, as are in our power, and as pre- feht, the moft probable reafons for fuch an expectation; it will 
be found to coinprife the avoiding moft of the remote and oc- 
Cafionai caufes, as ail thould be, which can, or are known, to 
call the difeafe into aciioa. 
The oblervations we have to make refpeCting this will be com- 
prifed under Change of Climate, Cloathing, Diet andExerafe* 
CHANGE OF CLIMATE. 
It has been obferved, that a variable and intemperate clime 
feems to fupply certain remote caufes which are often removed 
in a temperate Hate of air in another region, and thus allows 
the powers of nature to effeCl a cure. Many opinions* and fads 
confirm this, and that {pending the winter in more favourable 
fituations, obviates when timely ufed, all the threatening fymp- 
toins which may have been felt in this bland. Perfons fo afflicted, 
therefore, Ihould remain under fuch aufpicious Ikies, and live 
perpetually with hummer temperature. 
If, when air is of fuch a temperature, as with the afliftance of 
other operations in the animal oeconoray, only to carry off fuch 
a quantity of heat from it, fo that the remainder may rightly 
fupport the body, we fay the air is mild, becaulewe are not fen. 
fible of any troublrfome degre- of heat or cold. 
This temperature varies in different people according to cli- 
mate, age, and conftitution ; and of whatever degree this plea- 
fing and temperate Hate may be, an- change from it, as under- 
ftood by the riling of the thermometer a few degrees, makes our 
fen fat ums complain of heat or cold. 
Xbe middle temperature ot our atmofphere being about 48° 
Fahrhenheit, when we do not call the weather either hot or cold. 
* The anatomy of the abforbing veffels by W. Crookflianks, 
p. 178. and Thef. inaug. Gregory. The mercury feldom falls under 169, at *pp we are apt to ra«k’* 
on it very cold; coldilh at 4.00 and a little above it, even we 
not reckon the air warm till it arrives at about 6+p, at goo it j$ 
very warm and fultpy*. 
Heat is more readily and quickly diffufed through the fub- 
ftance of water than the earth if the fyrfaee of that is exienfive, 
it will be ot more equal temperature with the atmofphere tliaij 
this will be: denfer bodies do not condu.d heat fg well as rarey, 
hence water and earth retain heat longer than air, g cgldej at- 
mofphere therefore palling over thele will receive hegt froi® 
them. 7he coldnef; of a winter's wind by its paffagg over fesj 
or land is thus moderated, and the air incumbent gn th# kff 
will be of a warmer temperature than that on land, of §§&ffe 
iflands, according to relative lituadon, maybe fg, mope than 
continents, countries which, border on the ocean and lie fouth 
of the fea, at lealt, in our hemifphere of the globe, will be vvaiv 
merthan thole wind » Kave the fea to the fouth of them, becaufe 
the winds which would cool them in winter if they blew over 
land, are tempered by puking over the lea. 
It air is of a fuitable degree of warmth and is not satuiated by 
moifture, but is what is called warm and dry ; it is in that capa- 
city able to afford that rsfrefliraent to the body wh di it requires, 
when under a Itate of perfpiration, by diffolving tne dilcharged 
humidity; this relieves the body much when heated by explode* 
From the properties of heat and air, the body and re miration 
inay be afftded by the qualities of matters which the atmo/phere 
may contain, mixed or in folution 5 the peculiarities ot which 
may be governed by the feafon of the year, and the nature or tne 
places over which the air blows : as leas, rivers, lakes, inanhes, 
&c. One caufe of the cold of northern dimes, is attributed to 
the'folution of ice by wind coming in contact with it, for ice in * 
thawing hale, is known to indicate great coWnefs.to which nmft 
* Effays on heat by Marline, p. 110. and feg* be added the cold produced by the heat carried off by evapora- 
tion! thus winds blowing to us in winter from thofe quarters 
of the world where large bodies of ice are formed, affefl us with 
great cold—-This imprefsion is produced upon US by leveral 
other caufes alfo. 
It is not enough for thofe who have felt the approach of 
phthifis, and are induced to try the effefts of change of air, that 
they fhould fpend only fuch a length of time there, as feems to 
have put the alarm afide; they fhould perfift in their refidence, 
till the conflitution is fo fortified, and if in youth, fo changed as 
to be able to bear other fituations with impunity. So thofe 
young perfons whole families have fuffered by phthifis, and there 
appears danger to hang over them, fhould in early years, before 
complaints take place, be removed to the raoft genial climate, 
and there remain till that age is pall over, which experience has 
taught us, is attended with the greateft danger*. 
The advantages of Sea Voyages have been long ago pointed 
out and praifedf, not only in incipient, but advanced ftages of 
phthifis; their good effefts have been differently accounted for, 
from the falutary effeft of exercife, ficknefs,and the temperature of 
fea air, and its fuppofed properties. In different cafes, each may- 
claim merit, but probably, in general the advantage gained de- 
pends upon the conveyance of the patient thus, to a more favor- 
able climate, than what he exifted in on fhore J. 
The expediency of performing this early in the commence- 
ment of the difeafe is obvious, if utility is hoped for, provided 
no inflammatory fymptoms forbid any fpecies of exercife; for 
from the tardinefs and negleft of patients, or their advifers, 
thefe expefled benefits are too long procraftinated, and thus dif- 
repute is too often brought upon the means. 
* Thefi inaug.'Gregory, p, -33. & feq. 
f Gilchrilt. 
X Reid’s Effay. XXXIX 
Cellus admonllhes us of this*, when he recommends change 
place ; that it may be early whilft the conftitution is able to bear 
it; but that if imbecility forbids navigation, the geftaticn IhouM 
be in a litter; fo that the body may be gently exercifed. In which 
ftate of debility, the mind Ihould be kept at eafe, abstaining from 
the folicitudes of bufinefs, and fhould be allowed indulgence; 
in deep. He advifes alfo frictions to the extremities of the phthi- 
sical, and that the food taken and exercife ufed Should be during 
remiffion of paroxyfms. 
CLOATHING 
When property adapted in its kind, is one of the moll excellent 
means of fecuring the weak from rne enects of a variable climate? 
with us It cannot be too particularly attended to, and more el- 
pecially by thofe fubjedl to pulmonary affe&ions; feeing theft 
daily occurrences offer to our obfervation, the frequent difference 
there is in the range of the thermometer, and the degree of moif- 
ture in the air at different times of the day, in our fined feafon of 
the year, and that the mutability of one day from another, is per- 
petually fruftratingthe expectations of the mind on the proceeding 
day. It Is neceffary therefore to enforce, that thofe who would 
not fubjefl their feelings to unpleafantnefs, nor their health to 
danger, Ihould be always fecured by cloathing againfl expofure to 
hidden changes. 
It is for this defence, that the ufe of flannel, and the fofter tex- 
tured manufactories from wool, have beenfo much advifed, being 
one ofthofe fubftances like furs loofely interwoven, it /lowly con- 
duels heat, fo that by its proper management an equable degree ct 
warmth may always, plea/antiy, be maintained on the furface oi 
1. 3* c* the body, refitting the attack of atmofpherical variety in tem- 
perature*. 
He well advis’d who taught our wifer fires 
Early to borrow Mufcovy’s fwarm fpoils, 
Ere the firft froft has touch’d the tender blade 3 
And late refign them, tho’ the wanton fpring, 
Should deck her charms with all her filter’s rays. 
For while the effluence of the fkin maintains 
Its native meafure, the pleuritic fpring 
Glides harmlefs byt. 
In warmer weather, which may continue uniformly, thofe wh* 
ufe exercife in it, may fo manage this cloathing as not to incur the 
ixnpleafantnefs of accumulated heat on the fkin, urging perfora- 
tion too much, Whilft at the fame time, the humidity is not eva- 
porated; whence too great a ftimulus is excited on the skin, 
and uneafinefs and debility enfue. We have known fome weakly 
people injure themfelves thus, and could point out a cafe to ex. 
cmplify this. 
The connections between the furface of {he body and the lungs 
refpeCling their excretory offices, is well known; if the perfpira- 
tion is injured greater determination will be made to the lungs, 
and the defective difcharge from the skin will often be fupplied 
by expectoration from them; thus from expofure to cold, may we 
fee a remote caufe of pullumonic inflammation; efpecially if the 
Jungs at the fame time are expofed to the action of cold air J, for 
in thofe who labour under fome complaints of the chelt, the re- 
fpiration of cold air produces coughing. 
* See a Letter to the Patentee of fleecy hofiery, by Df. Buchan. 
Obfervations, &c. Beddoes. May’s Eflay, p. 46. 
Fordyce’s Diflertation on Ample Fever, p. 14.5. 
■f Armftrong loc. cit, b, 3,1, 484* 
j Cullen p. 1.34 i* In thofe who dwell in moift warm fituations may be obferved 
laxity and debility of body, palenefs of complexion, languor in 
motion, bad appetite,&c. efpecially if joined with a fedentary life; 
hence cautioned the poet 
Dry be your houfe-, but airy more than warm, 
Elfe every breath of ruder wind will ftrike 
Your tender body thro’ with rapid pains ; 
Fierce coughs -will teize you, hoarfenefs bind your voice. 
Or moill Gravedo* load your aching browsf* 
The long continued refpiratlon of humid cold air, and its 
application to the body, is pernicious } for the reafons we have 
given ; it cannot readily difiblve that aqueous part which iflues 
from the lungs, and the perfplnng pores of the fkin. The folids 
become relaxed, and the whole lyftem debilitated. There is no 
healthy equality, maintained between tlic fecretions and excre- 
tions, The abforbents do not perform their office with right 
vigour. This may be confirmed, by obferving tbofe who with 
clofe application, follow the occupation and fedentary employ- 
ment of weaving linen and muffin ; whofe works require a 
iituation which may keep the threads moift ; a damp room there- 
fore, is generally their refidence, during their labour, hence 
°ften are found amongft their complaints, difeafes arifing from 
vifceral obftruftions, coughs, other affeftions of the lungs and 
cheft, intermittent, andnervous dlleafes, as called, if fuch there be? 
The bloated Hydrops and the yellow fiend. 
Skies fuch as thefe let ev’ry mortal ffiun 
Who dreads the Dropfy, palfy, or the gout, 
Tertian, cOrrofive fcurvy, or moift catarrh; 
* Armftrong b. i. 1. 315. 
*f- A cold affefting the head, in the noftrils and adjacent cavi- 
ties, a ccetccrrhous ajflvtion. Or any other Injury that grows 
From raw fpun fibres, idle and unfirung. 
Skin ill-perfpiring, and the purple flood 
In languid eddies, loit’ring into phlegm** 
Children, fhould particularly, have an uniform temperature 
snaintained on the Ikin, and young perlons. We have witneffed 
She iofs of many lives a Sacrifice to the attempt of rendering 
fdiem hardy by expofure to cold and are. aware of what 
ibme will urge, that many children are healthily brought up un- 
der the rudelt expofure, and under fuch treatment. But thofc 
who make fuch an obfervation, have not probably, had the op- 
portunities which thole who attend the lick poor, medically, 
iiave had, to know the numbers who fall vidlims to expofure to 
«old, bad clothing and poverty of diet. Perhaps indulged with 
an amelioration of this, they mi la be more capable of refilling 
She effects of cold. From the nearer medium of the Hate of 
Mat, in the dwellings of the poor, and that of the exterior at. 
molphtre, they efcape the efie&s of thole fudden tranfitions 
which often affedl children born to refide in he habitations of 
©pulence. “ I coufider it, indeed, as one of thofe maxims} 
•* which ought never to be 101 l fight of, if our children were 
&* intended all their lives to go naked, and to live in open fieids5 
but fince the cuftpms and manners of this part of the wcrld 
**• require that men and women through life mult be perpetually 
and unavoidably expofed to dwell in comfortable habita- 
* Anrftrong, B. i. 1. 157. 
I “ In children it is of the utrnoft confequence to keep the 
*' body cool, but never to fuller it to be cold. Thus without 
* being enervated, they may efcape the fatal confequences of 
«£ heat fucceeding quickly to cold; for it is not true, as feems, 
« in confequence of an analogy more or lefs diftindlly conceived, 
to have been frequently imagined, that cold hardens children 
** as it hardens Heel,” Obfervations, &c. Beddoes. 162 u tions, to fit upon warm carpets, and to fleep on blankets and 
« feather beds, it certainly behoves us to regulate their clothing 
** in infancy, asequally to guard againft the ill effeils of either 
*c extreme.—ln every region we may obferve external warmth to 
“ be nearly as neceffary as internal nourilhment for the young 
ec of almoft every animal. Warm rooms and impure air may 
enervate the body, but warm clothing can never be injurious 
ff in cold weather. lam lb thoroughly convinced that pure air 
«* and a warm (kin are indifpenfably neceflary for children, that 
*e I never behold them with naked breads, legs, arid arms, how- 
“ ever hardy and robuft, that I do not anticipate the horrid con- 
ft fecpiences of angina, of croup, oh of peftoral or inteftinai in- 
“ flammation*.” 
We have no information, in a medical view, of the flate of 
our Ifland when our rude forefathers inhabited it; and of the 
difeafes which then prevailed amongfl them : probably fuch as 
make havoc amongft us were unknown to them. Some plau- 
fible reaforiS to which we doubt not the reader will readily 
affign. 
The idea, of the necefllty, of wearing flannel next <the (kin, 
and of feldom changing it, ftiould be oppofed-*- j” the flffl, ne d 
hot be infilled on, and the latter, flrould be neglefled by clean- 
linefs. Probably the effefls which took place from that opinion» 
might be one means of bringing the ufe of woollen, fo much worn 
by our anfceftors, into difgrace and difufe. 
Medical Spectator, v. i. p, 167 
•b Marcidis et extenuatis vice indufiarilra lintearum quae 
proximo autem tangunt, admoveantur, panna Wallica lane* 
molliora, contexturaejpurissimae, Anglice Flannin didla. Nec 
.faepius reno<ventur: hoc modo hahtus fanguinei feu fpiritus re" 
tinentur, et ab acre minus folicitati, baud depeculantur. ]n- 
teraianeas texturs optiame mihi videntur, quae ex boedorum 
ovorum inguine et emunflurls contextuntur. 
Pegulae vellitui dicatae, Tabidorum iheatrum, p. xz.S. Seeing, the lower clafs of people, have it not always in their 
power to acquire requifite clothing, the negleft of it by thofe 
who have, renders the aptnefs of the following obfervation pro- 
per to be repeated. “ Among the richer clafs, this fatal dif- 
“ Cafe, would perhaps be lefs common did they not by a llrange 
tf infatuation, take the moft effedlual Iteps to contract it. If a 
“ greater proportion of females fall viftims to it, is it not be- 
** caufe loling fight more than men of its primary purpofe, they 
** regulate their drefs folely by fantaftic ideas of elegance? If 
** happily our regret fliou'd recal the age of chivalry, to break 
** the fpell of falhion would be an atchievement worthy the molt 
“ gallant of our future knights. Common fenfe has always 
failed in the adventure j and our ladies, alas! are ftill com- 
** pelled, whenever the enchantrefs waves her wand, to expofe 
themfelves half undreffed, to the fogs and froft of our 
Ifland*.” 
To this, may be appropriately added, what Dr. Reid fays, 
when fpeaking of the frequency of confumption among females. 
The prerent abfurd falhion of introducing young women early 
into the world, as it is termed, before their bodies have ac- 
quired a proper degree of ftrength and firmnefsj and the 
** mode of living among people in genteel and high life, and 
** even in the middling ftations (if any fuch can be found) is one 
tc great caufe of the frequency of confumptions J.” 
Since we do not , in this climate, live under a pure ferene fky, 
■where only the moft temperate zephyrs fan their gentle wings, 
it behoves the young and the aged, and all who cannot bear 
or intemperate (fates, to Ikreen their frame from the 
pernicious effects of theie j by endeavouring to fupport in thac 
a medium of warmth, by clothing ; the genial nature of which, 
■will amply repay their attention. Do not be deceived by thofe* 
Who may bring to your knowledge, the inftaUces which are 
* Obfervations, &c. Beddoes p, 169. 
X Kday p. 5. found in all the variety of lltuations, of lives protracted to the 
ultimate allowance of nature, under the moll unfavourable cir- 
cumftancesj remember the thoufands who fall, whillt thole fo- 
il tary few but remain. 
We have little to fay hercoN diet, though it might be con- 
lidered under two heads ; that which is fuitabie in the prophy- 
laxis : and that which Ihould be ufed during any particular ftage 
of the difeafe. RefpeCUng the former, we have given, forac 
hints, when on the manner oj living, and would add to it, our 
condemnation of the too early introduction of that diet, for 
children and young perfons, where the ufe of wine and, con- 
diments prevail, If children are indulged with thefe, and the 
choice of animal food, they early £hew an appearance of vigour 
and health. Though, as the author of the medical Spectator 
fays, in the paper we have before quoted, we do not believe 
that fuch children are more prone to eruptions, and what is 
called humours, perhaps lei’s Co, than thofe who are more poor- 
ly nourilhed; but of this we are more certain, their powers of 
life are too much excited by fuch food, and every infantile dif- 
cafe to which they are liable, falls upon them with double vio- 
lence. Parents, therefore ought moll diligently, to aim at af- 
fording a happy medium of diet to their children. Every age 
and every conftitution if the excitement be properly directed has 
it’s appropriate degree of vigour. Childhood, and that 
which depends on abundant excitability, admits of little ftitnu* 
Jus ; by lefs than the due proportion it is rendered languid, by 
more, it is oppreiTed, for excitement the effeCl or exciting 
powers, the true caufe of life, is, within certain boundaries* 
ptoportional to the degree of ftimulus. This when moderate 
produces health j in a higher degtee gives occalion to difeafes of 
exceflive ftimulus; in a lower degree, exceflively weak, it in- 
duces thole that depend upon a deficiency of lUmulus or de- 
bility j-. 
f Brown’s Elements, 23. 26s Where children are naturally remarkably ftrong and vigorous, 
poflefsing ruddy cheeks firm fieih, and that appearance of mot- 
tled legs and arms, which is generally efteemed a charaCleriftic ol 
health 5 a more plain and fimple diet is all that they need, with 
little indulgence in animal food; but to fuch as are otherwife 
characterized by puny ftarnina, with pale countenances, and all 
the evidences or flaccidity of skin and folids, well marking gene- 
ral debility., and feeble powers ot animalization, a more lioeral 
ufe of food is abiblutely neceflary of the animal kind, efpecially 
after teething. 
Eut in infancy, as well as in juvenile years, after teething, and 
in the period of their changing the firft let, or before reafon, in 
them, teaches the proper choice of food, the quantity, generally 
{peeking, of whatever kind of food is allowed, is often to be as 
much dreaded, as the quality ; efpecially if thofe things are given, 
which allure the palate; the confequences of which are if the 
times of their allowance are frequent, interrupted and impaired 
digeftion, from a depraved date of the ftomach, lofs of appetite, 
loathing of fimple food; and ultimately general debility and pre" 
veution of the regular growth of the body. So long as the func- 
tion of the ftomach is in good repair, and the natural increafe of 
the body feems promoted, health may be faid to (mile on the 
fubjeCtj and little is to be feared from the kind of diet, ceteris 
paribus, that is ufed. Then we may imagine, that the proper 
action and tenfion of the vafcular fyftem is maintained, giving 
energy to the nervous fyftem and folidity to the whole: render- 
ing the perfon capable of ufing thofe exercifes of body, which are 
fuitabie to his years, without danger. Thefe, temperately con- 
duced, and not under improper expofure to tranfitions of dif- 
ferent diftant gradatons of heat, will with fuitabie cloathing uni- 
formly ufed and applied, be moft likely to refill the effects of a 
variable climate, and of cold and humidity. 
In thofe conftitutions, either in infancy or advanced youth 
where appearances of a weakly confutation, as generally remark- Ed are obvious, or where there is reafon to dread a fcrophulous 
difpolition, or a tuberculous Hate of the lungs, the food fliould be 
of a nature moderately ttimulating, refpefting quantity or quality ; 
andfuch as feems adapted for nutrition. 
In the pathological view of this fubjecl, we now fay nothing j 
we refer to authors, by whom it is a neceflary branch of their ob- 
jeft, to be introduced into their works*: for, during the morbid 
ftate of the lungs, nothing requires more minute heed than the 
regimen, or regulation of the non-naturals\3 the proper .conduct of 
which alfo, has much influence in the prcdifpofitionj. 
* Reid’s Elfay ch. 14. May p. 49. Cullen 909, 9xo, 914. 
Thofe whe wilh to read what more extenlively in a phyfiological 
view need be faid on clothing, food, and exercife may confult with 
pleafure and advantage a late elegant publication. Medical Ex- 
trafts, vol. ii. 
f A word including what concerns thefe fix things, air, food, 
motion and reft, paflions of the mind, retentions and excretions, 
deep and wakefulnefs. 
J In pratcautionem igitur phthifeos (quae multo facilior eft 
quam ejus curatio) plurimum intereft dum aegrx in hoc valetudi- 
nario ftatu manent, accuratiftima utidiligentia, ne ullus in fex re- 
bus non naturalibus committatur error ; In hoc enira tam lubrico 
fanitatis ftatu, a levi aliqua hujusmodi occafione precipites in 
talem phtbilin ruere folent. Prudentem deleftum cibi & potus 
habere oportet, quo fuccus chylofus reddatur euchymus,—-Exer- 
titiis moderatis, diulinifque friefionibus quotidue utantur. 
Omnibus licitis modis Aeger curas, moeftitiam, omnemque fixam 
cogitationem (quantum in leeft; ledulo deponat, animumque fibi 
bilarem nitatur conciliare, phthifin enim pulmonarem a pathe- 
matisanimidiuturniset gravionbusortumfuum duxillefaepe notavi 
—— Verum a novo frigore percipiendo apprime cavendum. 
Omnis novus Catarrhus in Phthifin tendet, atque hinc Thefubjeft of exercise deferves hereto be noticed amongft 
others; without the benefits of which, no age can long fubftft in 
right health, or youth, particularly in ftrength ; properly ufed, k 
adds bloom and vigour to the body, and alacrity to the mind. 
Of indolence, of toil 
We die; of want, of fuperfluity. 
To the aftive child of eager, willing difpofition, whofe imagi- 
nations often over-top the bounds which his corporeal powers 
may juftly allow, whofe conftitution perhaps is tender, and whofe 
mufcular texture is not firm, the hours of exercife Ihould not 
produce fatigue; and though in the op en air, only in this climate, 
permitted during the temperate hours of the day: too early ex- 
pofure to morning air, is not ever commendable, and the evenings 
ihould be devoted early to deep. 
Let him 
Begin with gentle toils ; and, as the nerves 
Gr>w firm, to hardier by juft Heps afpirc*. 
When the feafon or weather will not allow exercife in the open 
air, fuch indulgence may be formed in a fpacious well aired 
room, according to the manners which are well known for this 
purpofe. 
ill as e laschrymae. Sed proh dolor ! Medici rarijfime de praecavendo 
hoe morbo conjuluntur, (quum in principle forfan non minus 
quam alii affeftus, curari poflit, etfi mora ut plurimum fatalis) 
Aegris raro JEfculapii opem petentihus, priufquam morbus jam in 
fatalemjiatum prolapfus fit, übi incajfum ab arte medico exfpectan- 
tur miracula, cum de animae futura falute, et tefamentis faciendis, 
Jheolcgum, et Jurifperitnm confulere magis conueniat. 
Phthifiologia, Morton p. 7g, 79, go, 87. 
Armfirong loe. cit. b. 3.1. xBo. As fcon ns young per Tons cf the above defcriptkm, arc capaci- 
tated for it. they {liould be allowed to ride on hone back, one of 
*he mod beneficial modes of exenife, for whilft in moderate 
health, it invigorates the -hole frame by the aft ion of the folids, 
p; omotes the wholefome fecretions, delights and engages the mind, 
a: d increafes the dtgeftive powers, fn thofe, when tubercles of 
the lungs are formed, if riding promotes no cough, it is 
if Co, or there is any inflammatory figns, it muft be avoided ; bat 
the management of exercife of various kinds, depends upon the 
particular condition, form, circumftances and hate, of each indi- 
vidual. 
In cafe of difeafe or accident, and efpecially to the infirm, it 
may be ufeful to fee the following arrangement of modes of ex- 
ercife, according to their degrees*. 
i. Agitation from rocking in a cradle, the refilient motion 
©f a plank of wood, or elalllc feat of the exercifing chair. 
■z Swinging, as feated in a chair attached to a properly fuf- 
pended rope. 
3 Sailing on water, or the fea, in a boat or fhip. 
\ Riding in a carriage. 
j Reading or fpesking aloud. 
6 Riding on horfeback. 
7 Walking. 
8 Leaping. 
9 Running, 
The motion of what children, call the fee-fa w, when feated on the 
ends of a balanced plank of wood, is fimilar to the firft and fe- 
cond j the utility of which laft, the reader may fee commended in, 
confumption, in a treatife by Dr. Smith. 
One oblervalion made relative to reading and fpeaking or the 
exercife of the organs ot refpiration, merits to be introduced here, 
and attended to,fo as to be confirmed or condemned by experience j 
* From the Difputatio inauguralis de Exercitatione auftore 
Jacobo Dittmar. becanfe it militates againft a contrarily received, and much ef- 
tablifhed opinion. 
The lungs when debilitated, derive equal benefit with the 
limbs or other parts of the body from moderate exercife. My 
enquiries led me to attend more particularly to the following 
fafts:—*i. Thole perfons who have been early inftruCted in 
vocal mufic, and who ufe their vocal organs moderately through 
life, are feldom affefted by an hemorrhage from the lungs. 2. 
Lawyers, players, public cryers, city watchmen all of whom ex- 
ercife their lungs either by long, or loud fpeaking, are lefs affefted 
by hoemoptyfis, than perfons of other occupations*. 
There is a caution, which we ought perhaps, to have Inferted 
before, in its more appropriated place $ but thofe who are attached 
to the idea we have endeavoured to obviate the error of, that ex- 
pofure to cold from infancy is the way to render children hardy, 
and habituated to bear cold, will apply it here: we mean that 
which is neceffary againft the indiferirainate nfe of the cold hath j 
under the general opinion of Its being a bracer, and the conftant 
and daily walking the body of infants univerfally, who are of a 
weakly habit with cold water. To thofe, and efpecially fuch as 
are of a fcrophulous or phthifical difpofition, we hefitate not to 
fay, it is prejudicial 5 and has been attended with dangerous, and 
increafed debilitating confequences: probably by care and its 
aids, thofe who are of a tender frame as they advance in age, or 
after puberty, may acquire fuch a degree of firmnefs of health and 
vigour, as may endure the ufe of fuch means, and derive benefit 
from them, if entered upon with caution and not too often ufed, 
The prudent even In every moderate walk 
At firft but faunter ; and by flow degrees 
Inci’eafe their pace. 
Hence againft the rigors of a damp cold heaven 
To fortify their bodies, fome frequent 
Rufh. 
Medical Observations and Enquiries, v, i. p, 134, by Dr. The gelid ciftern ; and, where nought forbids, 
I praife their dauntlefs heart ; A frame fo fteel’d 
Dreads not the cough, nor thofe ungenial blafts 
That breathe the Tertian or fell Rheumatifm ; 
The nerves fo temper’d never quit their tone, 
No chronic languors haunt fuch hardy breafts, 
But all things have their bounds* ; 
The reafons which fupport thofe obfervations, are to be un- 
ci erftood from the effects which a much inferior degree of heat 
applied to the furface of the body has; abllra&ing heat from 
this, and thus it is irritability : whence, a ceflation of the ufual 
action of the capillary arteries of the body takes place for a 
time,with which the fyitemof other velfels interiorly fympathize. 
T lus temporary abat inent, allowrs time for the conftiturion to 
recover or accumulate its irritability again, which is thus more 
eafiiy affefted by ordinary ftirnulii fo that a feeble degree of heat 
will then produce active effedts, a rapid and unufual exertion, 
in the interior fyftem of vfffels is caufed, whence, a greater 
quantity of blood is tranfraltted to the exterior veffels again, 
warmth and floridity of the (kin enfues, and thus vigour is gwen 
to every aftion in the framef. But if there is primarily, a defi- 
ciency of ftrength or irritability in the frame, palenefs, coldnefs, 
* Armltrong loci cit. B. 3. 1. *9l. 
J In warm weather, when there is an accumulation of heat. 
on the external veffels, and of courfe through the whole frame, 
too great for the healthy degree of excitement to continue long j 
the progrefs to indirect debility is retarded by diminifhing the 
excitement from time to time, thus giving more aftion to fti- 
TOttli ; hence the cold bath in hot fummer weather, diminifh- 
*ng exceifive heat, reftore the proper Itimulant temperature. 
Brown’s Elements, 37, 39- 
See the obfervation in the fequel, in the note added to the 
piiiiCipal caufes of catarrh. and languor fucceed, after the application of cold, the person 
feds enfeebled, and irregular fenfations of heat affeft him. 
Bathing in a cold fpring of water, where the heat is but 48°. 
of Fahrenheit’s thermometer, much difagrees with the debilitat- 
ed, for they cannot bear to have heat, and the irritable princi- 
ple diminifhed ; fuch may neverthelefs be benefited by a tepid 
bath, or one, in which the degrees of heat are not many below 
that of the human body. This, would, ultimately prove in 
common language a ftrengthener, and by gradually increafmg 
both the time of flaying in fuch baths, as well as decreafing the 
degree of heat in them, the falutary effe<Sts they are defigned 
for, may be obtained, and the delicate frame rendered lefs liable 
to be injured, by the unavoidable expofure which is occafional* 
ly Incidental, in this climate. 
It may here be expedred, that we fhould offer fome obferva- 
tions on the different parts of this kingdom, fo as to point out 
fuch fltuations as are moft Javoura’le to the Phthisical, or to thofe 
difpofed to it} but what we could fay refpefting this, would 
be moftly conjedlural in reafoning from the analogy, which we 
fhould find moie or lefs to prevail in temperate climates. Thofe 
who have been afflidled with Phtihfis in the northern parts of the 
Ifland we have known benefited by removal to fouthern and 
fo-weftern parts, where the air is milder. 
There may be fome fufpicion raifed in the mind, that we 
fometimes err, in fending the Phtbifical of the florid habit, to 
thofe places where the air has been reckoned pure; if a late 
theory which has much reafon on its fide is well founded's and 
this quotation may ferve to fupport luch a doubt. 
The pnilanthropic Jonas Hanway was a very great advocate 
for warm clothing. Being in a decline, he was ordered by his 
Phyficians to the fouth of France ; but fome very urgent bufi. 
« Opus eft fi vires patiuntur, ionga navigatione, cceli muta- 
tions fie, ut denflut quam id elf, ex quo difetdit oeger, petatur. 
Jdcoque aptissime Alexandriam ex Italia itur. Cdfus I. 3, c. aefs calling him to vifit Holland, in the mold air of that country 
he fpeedily recovered, and remarks that the Dutch are free from 
this dreadful calamity, which he attributes partly to the air, and 
partly to their nuarnt method of clothing. Thofe confumptive 
patients, in a note to the preceeding, Dr. Thornton adds, whom 
we hurry off to the clear air in the fouth of France the French 
phyficians, on the contrary, order to the foggy air of Lyons, As 
they cannot both be right, and as the Hot-Wells favours the 
fentiments of the latter, being near a great town, where innu- 
merable works are carrying on, and lituated on the borders of 
marffly ground, and a river the raoft choaked up with mud of 
any in the world, there is feme probable grounds, for doubting 
°f thejuftnefs of our prevailing practice*. 
And, from fome late obfervations which have been made, 
it does not appear, that thofe who live in fuch fxtuations, as are 
deemed to have a purer air than others, are more free from Phthi- 
flS than thofe who live in t/ie former^. 
How different are fuch ideas, to thofe which Morton enter- 
tained, when he mentions amongft the caufes of Pbthlfis, a 
denfe and marlhy atmofphere, replete with the fmoke of coals, 
vitiating the animal fpirits, as neceffary to the right fermentation 
• Medical extra&s, v. ii. p, 170, 
§ Letters from Dr. Withering, &c, p. 13. Where, the idea of 
the prevalent opinion, that workmen employed about limekilns, 
do not become confumptive is mentioned; and that fuch people, 
as are employed in occupations which require them to breathe 
atmofphere impregnated with animal effluvia, as butchers 
and makers of catgut, are alfo obferved generally to be free from 
that difeafe. See alfo, what is faid on the relief which fome con- 
sumptive cafes have received by breathing the air of cow-houfes, 
u in a fhort account of the nature and properties of different 
kinds of airs, by R, Pearfon, M.D, p, 1?, of the blood, thus debilitating and caufing infraftions of the 
lungs*. 
“ It is an opinion entertained by many perfons converfant in 
“ the hiftory of medicine, that certain difeafes are now much 
« more prevalent, and certain others lefs fo, than formerly: fome 
« indeed, that made great haVoc in this ifland centuries ago, have 
« now totally diiappeared. Thefe variations have been imputed, 
“ and with great appearance of probability, to the entire change 
“ that has taken place during the lapfe of ages in almoft every 
« circuraftance of the manner of living. But in many inftances 
«« We are not able to fix upon the particular alteration to which 
“ the introduction or the extirpation of any given diieafe is to 
“ beaferibed ; and ftill lefs can we precifely determine the elFeft 
*« of the alteration upon the functions of the living body. If it. 
“ be true, however, as <o many medical praflitioners believe, 
“ that confuraption is now much more frequent, it iseafy accord 
“ ing to my fyftem, to underftand whence this has happened. 
“ Ihe inhabitants of this country, alraoll without exception, 
« breathe a freer and purer air than their anceftors. Nor do I 
“ believe that there is any particular in which the difference be- 
“ tween the prefent and fome pad; generations, is fo remarkable. 
“ You fee then that the of our Edwards and our Henrys, 
“ and of good queen Befs may have found, in being more free 
“ from fo formidable a difeafe than their delicate and airy pofteri. 
“ ty, fome compenfation for the confined air and filth in which 
“ they palfed their exlftencell.” 
* Phthifiologia,—p. 69. and orders amongft bis precautions. 
Acre utatur aprico, perflatili, benigno, et a fumiim carbonum 
libero—which other advantages—etiam pulmonibus jam 
continua tussi calefadHs pacem (aliquatenus faltem) conciliate 
possit. p. 79* 
• Beddoe’s letter to Dr. Darwin p- 20, The following com- 
munication may aptly be propagated here, « My cafe contains The reader will obfervethe allufion which is made to pneu- 
matic medicine, the advantages of which the author does not 
know from experience his expectations of them are only drawn 
from the peruial of thole publications which hate lately appear- 
ed upon that fubjeft, and which announce the ufe of diiterent 
kinds of airs, in different difeafes of the lungs, and the refpira- 
tion of a modified atmofphere in confumption, as productive of 
the happieft curative fuccefs. Many medical characters deserv- 
edly bearing the higheft reputation, think but flightly of the ef- 
fects which are to be produced by the pneumatic practice, yet 
as the fadls brought forward fo far in fupport of it, are too re- 
fpe&ably vouched for to be doubted, tending to drew that the 
adminiiiratiou of factitious airs in certain difeafes is I’afe, and 
prorrifes advantage to fociety; we think it defe/ ves that attention 
which is neceffary to ascertain its true merits m the fcale of 
practice; and as “ one agreeable circumltance attends ic, that 
“ different kinds of air may be exhibited to confumptive pa- 
“ tients, while at the fame time they may perfift in any plan of 
<f medicine or diet, which they or their friends for them are 
folicituus to purfue, without interfering with the remedy 
<6 which is applied to the feat of the diieafe, and the ulcerations 
“ of the lungs*,” 
£< nothing that feems to me applicable to your theory. The foie 
“ inferences to be drawn from it are, that in the florid confump- 
*« tion a change of air from the fea fhore to an inland and moun- 
tainons fituation is highly ufeful 5 and that the hectic paroxyfm 
“ on it’s approach, may be prevented by tht flawing • ia fome 
“ fiances, and by exercife on borjeback in Hill more, to which laft, 
t( perfevered in with a degree of punctuality that is not com- 
“ nion, I chiefly impute my recovery.” Letters from Wither- 
ing, &c. p. 35. 
Letter from Dr. Darvin, Tubercles are considered by Dr. Cullen as one of the moil 
frequent and dangerous caufes of phthifis*; and defciibes them 
as certain Imall lumours having the appearance of indurated 
glands, at firft indolent in their hate, but which at length be- 
coming inflamed, are changed into little abfceffes which break- 
ing, pour their matters into the air ceiis of the lungs; whence 
purulent expectoration, and one foundation of phthiiis is derived. 
In the third chapter of Dr. Real’s Effay a more particular ac- 
count of them mry be feen; lie does not fuppofe them to origi- 
nate from difeafed lymohauc giandsf, attributing them to ob- 
ftruftions in the exhaling veffels, from vifcidity taking place in 
the exhaled lymph. Such as we have feen, were finall hardened 
fubftances, appearing to be Ids vafcular than other parts con- 
tiguous having a whilifn appearance, fimilar to a depofxtion of 
coagulable lymph. 
Atubeiculous ftate of the lungs may happen in early infancy, 
though rarely; the attack of phthiiis generally from them, hap- 
pens at the fame period which Cullen affigns for hoemoptyfisj : 
and on the fame kind of habit, though with lefs marks of the 
exquifitely formed fanguine temperament. They may be found 
Firft lines 876,898, 905, 906. Morton p. 95. 
•j- Page 21, “ There is no ablolute criterion by which we 
« can determine, when they arp firft formed in the lungs. They 
ec are to be fufpefted, when the cough is violent; continued 
«< with (hort internalifion, particularly at nightand vifcid 
« phlegm is expectorated with difficulty.” p. 30. Cruikfhank 
fays fometimes, but rarely, the glandsof the abforbents are with- 
in the fubftance of the lungs, p. irB. On the anatomy of the 
abforbent veffels the theory which Morton gives relative to the 
production of tubercles has much of fimiliarity in it to Dr. 
Reid’s. De s'lguis diagnollicis phthifiologia p. 93, & feq, 
Morton. 
J Loc. cit. SB7. in the lungs of many who have never been diftreffed with pul 
monary complaints to any great degree, nor have become phthi- 
sical. Some have lived from youth to advanced age, when fup- 
pofed to be afftCled with them, having had throughout their 
life, daily in fummer and winter, an habitual cough, with 
difficult refpiration and a fenfe of weight in the chcfl ; yet by- 
attention to their conduct, they have, as Morton fays, without 
medical aid, kept themfelves free from danger; being content 
rather to live affliftedly than medically*. 
The author of the elements of medicine fays that where tu- 
bercles have been fufpe&ed, in thofe who have died of confirm- 
ed confumption, they have not upon diffcCtion after death been 
foundf. But their frequency upon this fame evidence, is incon- 
trovertible, whether they are or not, when found, as he afferts, 
only an effect and not a caufe. 
The exiftence of tubercles, has been generally fufpefted mod 
in the fcrophulous difpofition, and been imagined to be a fcro- 
phulous affection of the lungs; there feems to be, in thofe in 
whom they pie vail, the fame conftitutional marks of fiaccidity, 
debility, and delicacy, as in fcrophula. They are fometimes 
difperfed by the efforts of nature, before they come to an inflam- 
ed llate; but yet in the attempts at refolution of them, by any 
artificial means, the analogy between them and fcrophula affords 
little guide to our endeavours towards fuccefsj. 
Where they are fufpeCted, by the fyraptoms we have practically 
detailed, and by thofe which the medical reader may more mi- 
nutely find in the authors we have referred to ; we fhould ever 
endeavour as much as pcflible to prevent their inflammation t 
by inftituting a moderate diet, avoiding all local irritations 
caufed by exceflive exertions of the refpiratiory organs, as vio- 
lent running, or other exercife, unfavourable pollutes of body, 
* Phthifiologia Morton p* 2*S» 
f § a 36. Note r. 
t Cullen’s iirft lines 907, or whatfoever may diminilh the capacity of the cheft, uflng a 
proper4 clothing in fpring and winter, fuch as may obviate the 
imprudent application of cold to the body, and maintain an 
equable diftribution of fluids, on the furface, avoiding whatfo- 
ever may produce catarrh, as fudden tranfa&ions from cold to 
heat. 
The contagions nature of phthifis has been difputed by fome and 
maintained by others. Morton places it amongft his procatarotic 
caufes*. Cullen fays he has hardly Teen one cafe which could 
appear to have arifen from contagion; and thinks that in warmer 
climates it may be more difcernable than herd". Reidf does not 
altogether confirm it, but thinks, in the laft ftages of the difeafe 
the purulent exhaled particles, conveyed by the breath, ftiould be 
avoided by the young; who fhou’d not be much about the fick, 
or fuffered to fleep in the fame bed or even in the fame chamber. 
Dr Beddoes fays, that under the various kinds of treatment of 
phthifis which yet has been ufed, the patients at length fubmit 
to fate; and that generally, with many of their relations by heredi- 
tary dxlpofition, or with their neare It friend by contagion§, 
* Contagium etiam hunc morbum propagat. Hie enim affectus 
(uti frequent! experentia obfervari) lefti focios miafmate quodam, 
ficutifebris maligna,inquir.at. Loc. cit. p. 70, 
§ “ I believe both thefe confumptions (one which begins with 
flight hoeraoptoe, and which is generally feen in dark-eyed people 
With large pupils; and the other which commences without 
ho; mop toe, and which is generally feen in light-eyed people with 
larg pupils. The former of which is generally hereditary with- 
out any appearance of fcrophula; and the latter with appearance 
of fcrophula in the prefent, preceding or third generation up- 
wards. This attacking people ©fall ages; the other commencing 
■f" Loc. cit. 886. j Eflay chap. 15. We can from obfervation confirm this ; and in one family, the 
fact was particulary eftablilhed. 
We may readily allow the probability of this, even withou* 
hereditary difpofition; and how much more fo with it: if we may 
be allowed to fuppofe that whatfoever induces 'debility, form 3 
a remote caufe of phthifis efpecially if there is any tendency 
to fcrophula. A fedentary life therefore, in warm rooms, expof- 
ed to a vitiated quality of the atmofphere, where the lick breathe 
and deep, muft needs promote that; aided by the cffe6t of watch- 
ing and deprelfed ftate of the mind : fabjeft to continual anxiety, 
from the intereil which the attendant is moil likely to take in the 
fate of a relative or friend. Therefore, rightly has Morton rank- 
ed amongftthe procatarclic caufes, affliction of the mind, intenfe 
attention and thought*. Under which ftate the application of an 
exciting caufe, may produce thofe incipient effeCts, which being 
attached, pave the way to the diced: morbid condition. 
Of Catarrh. Morton enumerates a catarrhal difpofition 
amongft the diagnoftic figns of phthifis; in which, the perfon 
from the flighted occafions, or fcarcely without any evident caufe > 
is frequently fubjeft to a cough. 
more certainly between feventeen and twenty-feven years of age) 
“ to be infectious, to thofe who fleep with fuch patients in the 
" laft ftage of the difeafe ; as I have obferved a hufbaod in two 
“ cales begin to be difeafed loon after the death of his wife; and 
“ in one a wife, who became confumptive foon after the death 
of her hufband; in all which cafes there was no reafcn to 
“ fufpedl hereditary predifpofition.” 
Dr. Darvin’s Letter to Dr. Beddoes. 
See Crulkflianks loc. cit. 1785 who fupports the opinion of this 
contagion. 
See derrefflng pafiions in the fequel. Catarrh, is only an inflammatory affeiHon of that part, whicfy 
5s called the mucous membrane of the Trachea and Bronchia** 
is not difpofed to fnppuration ; or if fo, Amply of itfelf, it readily 
heals: can only tend to produce phthifis, in thofe who are pecu-> 
liarly prediTpofcd. Hie degrees of it, are various, according to 
the force of the caufes. It is an arfe&ion to which every one 
may occafional.y be liable, but the young, the tender and deli- 
cate, and thole born of parents, who have been much fubjefted 
to it are more fo than others ; from whence it has been deemed 
an hereditary complaint. Others, without any parental lapfe of 
this kind, are prone to it from raai conformation of the cheft, 
and inch a form as we have described f. Thofe, alfo, who have 
been afflicted v\rith it, become often habitually lb difpofed; efpe 
daily if former afte&ions have left any tuberculous complaint on 
the lungs. 
The principal caufes to which it has been attributed, are cold 
applied under certain circumftances, whilfi the body is in a heats 
ed date j e-xpofure to heat after cold; and contagion*. 
When in a violent degree, it may be combined with inflam- 
mation of tome other part of the cheft; and when neglefted, as 
often it is, under the common opinion, of a cold, it leads, as 
frequent experience has made known, in the phthifical habit, 
to the moll dangerous confequences t the fymptoms of which, 
it is not in our province to delinate. Under fuch imprelllons, let 
§ The windpipe and it’s branches the air velfels of the Lungs, 
t Ddfertatio in augural is. G. Fordyce. 
§ Upon the principles which are alluded to, refpidling cold, 
bathing and the glow which enfues, on being expoledto a fupe- 
rior degree of heat, after experiencing an inferior application of 
it. If the degree of warmth therefore, after this, was great, in- 
flammation would be the confequence. The experiencing of an 
extraordinary and continued glow after the ufe of bathing, is not 
fo beneficial as has been ufually thought by many. hot (he patient unaware of his danger, be lulled into a fa'al fs 
curity; fancying his complaint, what may eafily he remov ; by 
Jjmple remedies, let him not truft, only, to noltrums an-’ do- 
meltic remedies! it is of the ntmoft confequence that the difcale 
Ihould be afcertained, and diftinguilhed in it’s true nature; for 
*f it is limply catarrh no alarm need be given : and to fuller it 
to he treated only as fuch, if the tendency is phthifical, is cruel, 
and can only be done fo by ignorance*. 
It is, from catarrhous complaints havihg been mlfiaken by the 
gnorantfor phthifis, or defignedly called Iby by the crafty, ihat 
ey have often arrogated to themfclves the merit of having 
cured confumption|. It cannot therefore, be too ftrongly im- 
prefled upon the minds of young people, as well as thole who 
have the care of them, that a cough merely the confequence of 
a cold, ufually ceafes of itfeif, in eight or ten days; if it con- 
tinues longer, danger attends its can ling phthifical fymptoms [j; 
regard being made to the degree of the fymptoms; aff ;<fting 
with fever, pain, difficulty of refpiration, cough, expectoration 
and the former Hate cf the lungs. For, if not timely removed, 
it nourifhes to itfeif it’s own evils, by fymptoms, aggravating 
Symptoms. 
Let not thofe, in whom there is fulnefs, with debility, who 
are eafily affedted with the fymptoms called a cold; be heedlefs 
of it, merely, becaufe they flatter thsmfelves they have had more 
ferious affections of the kind with impunity before; thus footh- 
ing the alarm of their friends, when caution ought to be the 
alert guardian which fhould enforce it’s fanative care and rules. 
Whatever reafonlng we may make ufe of, to prove the mode 
of aftion of the caufes on the fyfiem, a matter which it is now 
irrelevant to our purpofe to enter into, we are convinced of the 
* Cullen 856, BS9, and feq- Reid 55. and feq. 
J Letters to Darwin by Iwddoes, p. 
jj Letters &c. p. ix. fa£t; refpsfting the injury which is entailed upon multitudes 
from this fource*. 
'The degree of painful fuffering, which phthifical patients arc 
fuppafed to have comparatively with other difeafes of an acute 
nature, rapid progrefs, and early termination, is generally ima- 
gined lo he left than inthefe; though the lungs are fupplied 
copioufly with nerves, but the vital organs, thofe of involute 
tary motion, do not, under many injuries, convey to the mind 
thofe imprtdlions which are fimilar to thofe experienced in parts 
fuhjedt to volition ; and many parts infenfxble in health, become 
painful when under inflammation. The degree of pain exper- 
ienced in the chert, in phthilis, is to be compared with the caufe 
and degree of inflammation there. In the fuppurated and ul- 
cerated ftate of the lungs, little fenfation of pain is excited ! 
though, before it might be acute. In fome the progrefs is flow, 
and the pain from the firft more obtufe ; generally, from the 
fit’ll commencement of the difeafe, fome flitches are felt in the 
fore part of the chefl, or fides, augmented by troublefome cough 
and poflure. The former continuing and increafing, becomes> 
often inceflant, violent, hard and dry, with pains in the fide 
more fliarply diftinguifhed and fixed ; whillt the refpiration is 
quick and difficult, particularly in higher degrees of inflamma- 
* We hive in our poetical part, only mentioned one caufe, 
agreeably to common opinion, of a hidden tranfition from a 
heated apartment to a cold atmofphere, as exciting catarrh, and' 
bailarnmation of the lungs See. yet we believe, that the fame 
change from cold external air, to that more heated, is as often 
to be biamed. The reafoning in favour of each, cannot here be 
indulged in, contrafted opinions may be read in Cullen's firfl 
Cues 101.6, and feq. and the Elements of Medicine by Brown 
ana preface to Boddoes, edition p. 26, and 4.07, feq. fee alfo 
Differtation on Ample fever by Dr. Fordyce, p. 135, fee Exer- 
cife and Tranfuions. tion, and from hasmoptic caufes. But, when the difeafe pro- 
ceeds in a catarrhous form, exciting tubercles to inflammation 
it is often more infiduous in its progrefs, and often little attend- 
ed to by the patient. By degrees, the^hefiicfever is eftabiifhed- 
when cafe Is delhoyed, by the daily fucceflion of fymptoms, 
which, with little intermiffion harrafs the hours of night and day. 
When woes the waking fenfe aione affiiil j 
Whilft night extends her foft oblivious veil. 
Of other wretches care the torture ends; 
No truce the warfare of my heart fufpends! 
The night renews the day diliraCting theme 
And airy terrors fable ev’ry dream.* 
In the advanced ftages, the cough is performed with more 
eafe j and the degree of pain which afHided any part of the cheft, 
being dirninilhed, attention to it is i'carcely excited. Such art 
acquired eale, now, becomes a fource of delufion to the hopeful 
mindi and affords a flattery, which often accompanies the fide, 
perfon through moftftages of the difeafe, that the danger is abat- 
ing, and he has a good foundation to expert a cure. It has be- 
fore been that the confumptive are particularly in- 
genious in accounting for every acceilion of fever, or increafs of' 
any other fymptom ; and as readily attribute their remlffion, to 
the effects of fome remedy which they have taken, by the advice 
of their phyfician or their friends : for in this, molt people who 
vifit them know an efficacious remedy. Thus, to the laft, do 
the phthifical go on to hope a favourable event, and really fuffer 
lefs than their afflifted relations, who obferve, a favorite, wafting 
byan unconquered difeafe, yetelevated by hope, and unconfsious 
°fdanger whilft tending quickly to fepulchral deftmy. The 
refledion on which ftate awakes 
* Pope's Homer B. ao. ). 98- 
f By Dr. Keidj fee Ffl’. p. 1 2. and 13. A SENTIMENT. 
When fweetly life on eafy pinion glides, 
A nd little pain arrefts from incidents; 
Adolent Iting the fudden (hock betides-, 
Deep tortures rife with unforfeen events. 
Whilft thofe, who on the turbid billows fail 
Of adverfefate—whofe days are pain and care. 
See le(Ter evils float, along life’s gale, 
And pais unnotic’d, midft the vital fare. 
Butthou, oh time! great arbiter of deeds'. 
Whofe hands, oblivion’s boundlefs cup can give 1 
Canftfoothe the anguifh of a mortal’s heeds! 
We quaff the dream, and tranquil hearts receive. 
Sweet balm 1 from thee, the kindly blifs I greet, 
And praife the healing draught that brings fuch reft , 
But whilft a prefent pang thou woud’d delete, 
I wou’d not have the caufe, from thought fupprefs’d. 
Let thofe imbibe the lov’d qulefcent ft ream, 
Who woo forgetfulnefs of anxious grief; 
Th en lofe a name I lov’d, by mem’ry’s dream, 
I’d rather live dill vacant of relief. 
Whilft the beft means we have in our power are made ufe ora 
in combating the difeafe, fo as to palliate and alleviate, we cannot 
perhaps, but with cruelty, do away the firm ptrfuafion which the 
mind indulges in, of health being recovered; and that delufive 
enjoyment which is cultivated by the phthifical that yet they may 
live to perform the enterprizes which enter the imagination. 
For iuch a belief, phyfically (peaking of the human mind, ought 
not to be deftroyed; whatever morality and religion may urge; 
3nd medically, we know thevaft utility which confidence gives towards fupport under and recovery from difeafe. An eafy and 
amufed reflection, is at ail times a defrable object; the allowance 
therefore, of what promotes fuch aid, and adds to its pleafure is 
worthy of being permitted. «'he pfpoessing passions de- 
ftroy at all times vigour of bod/, tl-.-ir force therefore mu ft be 
particularly felt by the dileafed a ! debilitated frame. In the 
degree of health which the delicate couftitution peftefles, their 
imprefiion, efpecially upon th >fe pofT-’Ting mun fenlibility of 
mind, exerts an inordinate power ; and d long continued, are moll 
pernicioully deftruftive to the body. It might well then, be laid 
that 
“ Love, hope, and joy, fair pleafure’s f oiling train, 
“ Hate, fear, and grief the family of pain; 
“ Thefe mix’d with art, and to due bounds confin’d, 
tc Make and maintain, the balance of the mind.*-’ 
AfßliHons of the mind have boon reckoned amongft the remote 
caufes of phthifis, as Morton mentions}-, and Bennet before hunt. 
If a due a&ion of a ftimulus maintains health and ftrength, 
whatsoever deftroys that, tends to induce general derangement 
and debility ; which may be ailed upon, by caufes exciting mor- 
bid fymptoms. Hope feems to be the moll grateful ftimuiant to 
* Pope’s Effay on Man, Eft*. ii. I. ny. 
•f Caufa? procatarilicae, feu primam anfam huic morbo prae- 
bentes, funt 2*. Pathemata animi graviora, praecipue vero metuS 
triftitia iracundia, cogitatio nimia, ct minis anxsa, uti et ftudia 
jntempetttava, et nimis longse, cum aliis hujuimodi. 1, j# cap. i, 
I Animi moeior, unde fpiritus dejicitur et vis tabiiica altias 
iraprimirur. 
Unda lacufque nocent, et caufa valentior iltis, 
Anxietas animi. 
Tabedorum theatrum, 98. the mind, and therefore Theognes the greek poet, metaphorically 
deifies it, as one of the greateft benefits which remain on earth*. 
1 he operation of the paffions upon the mind, has been felt by 
one comparatively; but their mode of imprefilng the body, 
can be little deferibed or accounted for. The idea we have, is 
that they all aft according to the range they have, in proportion 
of ftimutus, on the excitability of the body; the degrees of which, 
we know are various in different perfons. For, as the celebrated 
author who has preferred the world with tinctures on fume of 
Dr. Browne's doftrinesf, fays, “ The excitability therefore, is 
« exhaufted by any palTion or perturbation, in the fame manner 
t( as by exceffive excitement in other cafes. Whether temporary 
“ wearinefs, or irreparable debility fhall enfue, depends upon the 
“ intenfity and duration of the exertions, made by the organs in 
aftion.” This latter writer, reckons deficiency ot pafsion, 
as fadnefs, grief, fear, terror and defpair, only as inferior degrees 
of gladnefs, confidence, and hope; implying a diminution of ex- 
citing pafsions. There is a neceflary degree of psfsion, which 
afts on the body as other ftimuli, either in excefs, in due, or in 
defeftlve proportion. The proper aftion of the mind, and en- 
ergy of pafsion, or emotion is to be ranked with thofe ftimuli, 
which tend to produce an equalization of excitement over the 
whole fyftem. 
If any pafsions are fe-iative, it is by their long continuance, 
inducing direft debility, from the ablence of fufiicient ftirnulus; 
or indireftly fo, from the violence of their immediate application, 
deftroying by forcible ftimulus the excitability. That debility 
Spes inter homines fola dea bona eft ; 
Alii vero dii in coelum, nos relinquentes ablerunt. 
Preface to the tranflations of his elements, clviii. Aid Ele- 
ments § 279, 311} I38 fo *4-4 
Sententiae Theognidis. 1 however, does enfue in the body from affeftions of the mind, is 
an effeft we cannot deny, however, we may pretend to reafon on 
the fubjeft. Intenfe thinking upon one objedl is at firft attended 
by great excitement of the whole fyftem, as thinking in general 
affefts the brain. 
Hence different pafsions more or lefs inflame. 
As ftrong or weak the organs of the frame ; 
And hence one matter pafsion in the bread. 
Like Aaron’s ferpent fwallows up the reft*. 
The long continuance of thought, wades the excitability or 
■Vital powers, whence diminiihed energy takes place in the body, 
A galling circumftance to human pride! 
Abafmg thought, but not to be denied ! 
With curious art the brain too finely wrought. 
Preys on herfelf, and is deftroy’d by thought, 
Ccnftant attention wears the active mind, 
Blots out her povv’rs, and leaves a blank behlndf. 
The addition of further motives for difappointment and fear per- 
petuate their lofs and produce all thofe fymptoms which indi- 
cate impaired ftrength ; the appetite for food becomes depraved* 
and the fupplies of nutriment are defective and cut off. Thus 
does a dejefted mind produce languor of body, and 
Hence the lean gloom that melancholy wrears 
The lover’s palenefs • 
Oft from the body, by long alls miftun’d 
Thefe evils fprung the molt important health, 
* Pope’s Elfay on Man, Elf. ii- !• i ji, 
t Epiftle to Hogarth by Churchill. Tiiat'bf the mind deftroy: And when the mind 
They firft invade, the confcious body foon 
In fympathetic languilhment declines*. 
O ye, whofe fouls relentlefs love has tam’d 
To Toft diftrefs, or friends untimely llain ! 
Court not the luxury of tender thought; 
Nor deem it impious to forget thofe pains 
That hurt the living, nought avail the dead. 
Go foft enthufiaft ! quit the cyprefs groves, 
Nor to the rivulet’s lonely meanings tune 
Your fad complaintf « 
So (hall youefcape that Hate of mind which produced aa 
EVENING’S VAGARY.] 
Tranquility, with eafe, a twin-form’d birth. 
In Eve’s dim mantle cover’d far the earthy 
When from her loved, led Amanda’s way. 
And as from him fhe fped, fo pafs’d the lucid ray. 
She ligh’d—how diif’rent art thou, Eve, to me 2 
My heart eft rang’d to thy ferenity! 
Soft falls the dew, upon the grafly glade, 
Where peacefully the fhepherd’s care is laid, 
Whofe cravings with fatiety repos’d, 
For reft—with parting light, their needful toils have clos’d t 
Content—but ah ! fuch eafe not dwells with me, 
Nofuch calm joys are here my deftiny. 
* Armfirong, b. iv. 1. 47, & f 
t Armftrong, b. iv. 1, i 45. The woodland chorifters have fang their lay, 
And reft in lilence on the leafy fpray. 
The focial red-breaft, bard of foft twilight, 
Has.finilhed his chanting to the god of night. 
Happy—whilft here, no comfort dwells for me, 
My heart a terapeft ’midft ferenity. 
The lab’ring fteed, now, by the Twain is driv’n 
To thole confines, which to his lot is giv n 5 
His guide with whittling, or with blithfome fong 
The track accuftom’d cheers, whilft flowly pafs’d along. 
With them quietude joins—>and flies from me, 
My foie companion, tort’ring deftiny. 
Frail, is the confolaticn 1 wou’d prove, 
In the remembrance of once fmiling love, 
Whofe charms have mix’d with difregard’s alloy, 
And on defpair, have wreck’d the bubble of my joy. 
Obfcur’d as night is now felicity. 
The fplendid fun of hope, is fet with me. 
Where do thefe flattering fancies now abound ? 
Which pour’d by plenty were indulgent found ?, 
Thofe treafures which delight with fairy wand ? 
From expectation’s mines oft rais’d at my command ? 
Vanilh’d—on wings of infelicity. 
By magic touch of froward deftiny. 
Peace to thee, Eve! thy herds, thy plumed train, 
And Beings all—who love the air or plain ! 
Sleep be with thole, whoatit’s fway rejoice, 
And pleasures of this orb, can hail with happy voice. 
She faid—with tears, and fhook her anguifh’d head 
Carelefs for felf—with pray’rs for all—from fight flie 
vagrant fled. The greek word Acme, is known by mofl people to be jp- 
plied, to any particular point of time, degree of maturity or per- 
fection. It fpecifies in our poem, the period when the growth 
°f the body is circumftantially completed in youth. 
Hippocrates fays, In thofe of advanced youth, or approachinS 
to puberty many difeafes attend ; fevers and flux of blood from 
the nollrils; and that many alfo, are then terminated. Phthifis» 
he mentions as attendant on the years from the eighteenth to the 
thirty-fifth of age};. 
This period is effcded by the procefs of Nutrition and 
Growth of the body, gradually from it’s primary ftate, by the 
powers with which it is endowed. The theory, concerning 
which, may be found in the writings of Phyliologifts. The al- 
lufion we have made, is to that taught by the illuftrious Cullen 
and others- in order to elucidate it, for thofe who have not op- 
portunities of confulting fuch authors, we fhall attempt to give 
a brief fketch of what concerns thefe fubjeCls. 
We know that there is a conftant wafte and diflipation of the 
parts of the body, from the actions which are fupported, whilft 
the vita! principle is attached to the animal and natural fun<sfions> 
and, that the neceflity of reparation of this lofs, accompanies us’ 
whilil this condition fubfifts : the fupplies for which, are derived 
from what is taken in by the ftomach and lungs, food and air, 
elaborated and rendered fit, by the peculiarities of the 
ceconomy, to promote appofition of parts; giving bulk and vi- 
gour to the body, aided by refl, when deep affords the oppor- 
tunity of renewing that lofs of excitability, or vital 
which is expended by the aftions exiifent in wakefulnefs. 
From minute rudiments, the human body grows to a confi- 
derable fize. from being of a texture, fofr, lax and 
it becomes compofed of more firm and hard parts ; lomeof which 
arrive at perfection fooncr than others. Of thofe, the heart is 
J Hippocrate’s Aphorifm, Seft, 3. Aph. zy, zB, 23. and S» 
A. 5. 9. one of the firit, beginning a fundlion which it is to continue, vir_ 
tually, whilft moral life remains with the body. In the com- 
mencement of it’s adtion it is placed centrically with regard to the 
furrounding parts. It is, in the foetal, and infantile Hate, large1* 
Jn proportion to other parts, than what it is in the adult ; in the 
former it is alfo more irritable, and perforins more frequent pul- 
sations, in a given time, than what it does in the latter. The 
blood velfels alfo, in this ftate, are not fo numerous or 
as in the former, when they are capable of being adled upon, by 
the pullile and diftending force of the heart, exerted on all 
around it. 
Many circumftances concur, to favour the increafe of the body 
in early life 5 a greater quantity of fluids are then formed, than 
what is merely neceflary to nourilh it’s bulk : fo that the fyfteni 
may be faid to be always in a ftate of plenitude, though not a 
inoi bid one, owing to the eaflly dilata'oillty of the velfels. In_ 
fants take a greater proportion of food comparatively, than adults; 
digeft it more completely, from it’s nature perhaps ; fleep much, 
and have little wafte from exercife; all which, whiifl the body 
increafes, is circumftantlally not injurious; but as that ceafes, dif- 
ferent efiedts may take place, efpecially in a weakly constitution. 
In whatever manner the appofidon of parts may be fuppofed to 
take place, the growth of animals we prefume, depends upon the 
extenfion of the arterial fyltem, by the powers propelling the 
blood; the chief of which is the contraction of the heart and ar- 
teries: it being fuppofed, that the diftending foice, aCts chiefly, 
according to the axis of the velfels ; and therefore, why, they 
fhould increafe firftin length : that power going fiom the trunk 
to the branches, thefe are extended, and alio the parts 
which they are connected; to which is caiiied the' nutritious 
fluid the blood endowed with ail the necellary properties for 
nourUhment. But many conditions retard the velocity of the blood, with 
which it is tranfmitted by the hearty ; and thefe render fome 
parts more or lefs expofed to the force of the blood, and lia- 
ble to receive a greater quantity than others: fo that fome 
mull necdlarily arrive at perfection before others, according to 
oircumftances of the nature of the conftitution originally, or 
future occurrences. 
Thus, the head acquires it's full fize, fooner than fome other 
Parts do their complete bulk, and, as parts are evolved after each 
other according to the ceconomy of the body, may be underftood, 
in fome meafure, the production of the puberty of the fexes, and 
the wonderful and fudden increafe of the limbs, at the time 
when the fuperior parts ceafe to increafe. 
As parts are lecreted from the blood, by the peculiar nu- 
tritious procefs, and applied to their purpofes, the bulk in- 
creafes ; thofe parts which firft are perfefted, will the foonell ac- 
quire a proportionate degree of denfity, which will refill further 
extenfions and growth ; the blood therefore, meeting with fuch 
an impediment, will be determined with more force and in greater 
X That is, accordingly as the part is more or lefs difiant from 
the heart; or the circumllances which refer to the capacity of 
the arteries, being enlarged as they are more dillant from the 
heart; the frequent flexures of arteries; angles of the branches 
with the trunks ; and junctions of different branches; retarda- 
tion from the'vifcid texture of the blood : or friCHon by adheilon ; 
tefiftance given by the weight and rigidity of parts furrounding 
the arteries. The gravity of the blood, alfo, may concur with, 
or oppofe its motion in the part. So alfo, may it be impeded, 
according as thofe caufes which increafe or dimimfh the aftion 
of the arteries of the part, are applied or removed, as conltric- 
tion, coraprefiion, ligature, pofition, relaxation or aperture and 
refinance of the veins. 
Inftitutions of Medicine, Cullen 17b, 177, 178, 295. & feq. quantity to parts not fo completed, the force of the heart, ind 
quantity of fluids with refpeft to the whole fyftem, remaining 
the fame, till the whole fyftem is evolved, and every part of the 
/olids is, in refpe£l of denfity and refiftance, in balance with every 
other, and with the forces to which they are feverally expofedj, 
fo that there can be no further growth, unlefs forae preternatural 
circumftances (hail happen toai ife. 
Before each part has arrived at it’s permanent ftate, whilft 
fome remain lax and yielding, any occafional incrcafe of the 
diftending power, may take place without perceptible injury to 
the fyftem} but as the diftending power, and refiftance of the 
foiids come to be nearer balanced, any increafe of the former, 
may produce a rupture of fuch veflels as will not readily fuffer 
extenfion. We may apply this to account for bleeding at the ncje 
in young perfons, about the fifteenth and eighteenth years of 
agej or fooner, according as circumftances may take place; 
while the fyftem is in the full (late mentioned, and the force of 
thediftention is determined to the head ; where, then, the two 
powers are moft nearly adjufted; refiftance augmenting, as the 
diftending force is applied, rupture of fome veiTel is likely* to 
happen} and moft chiefly fo in the nofe, where the blood veflels 
are numerous, and weakly fupported upon the internal furfac£ 
°f the noftrils. 
By the accretion of matter fecreted by every fyftem of veflels 
according to their peculiar ceconomy, producing the fofteft, and 
hardeft effified parts, the refiftance to the extenfile power becomes 
gradually augmented ; and as parts are, thus, lefs ready to be 
extended, they perhaps receive lefs readily any addition than be- 
fore j confequently the more the body grows, the more (lowly 
does it admit of any additional growth ; more efpecially fince it 
is found that whilft the denfity of the foiids increafes, the dir- 
tending powers by age, becomes lefs; the heart moving flower 
and more weakly, becomes as well as the veflels lefs irritable; Ixxiv 
therefore the period muft arrive, at which the extenfile and unit- 
ing powers balance each other. 
Another caufe, to produce the prevention of further growth, 
is, the idea, that during the growth of animals, the arteries are ac- 
quiring an increafe of denfity, in a greater proportion than the 
veins are at the fame time ; for the arteries have always a tendency 
to contract their cavities: and that the refiftance in the veins, with 
refpeft to the arteries, rauft beconftantly dimlnifhing, the former, 
therefore, will receive a greater proportion of blood;* whilft the 
arteries in the fame proportion will be lefs extended. Adding alfo, 
to the diminifhed refiftance in the veins, the decreafmg power of 
the heart, we may comprehend how rigidity of veffels takes place, 
and of every fibre in the body, tending to maintain equilibrium 
with the extending powers. 
It will be, we hope, readily underftood from the foregoing, how» 
from the energy of the heart, the augmentation to the proper 
llature is produced, youth, generally fpeaking, arriving at this 
about the eighteenth or twentieth years of age; but the body is 
then ftill {lender, and unlike the adult, in form, and unequal to it 
in vigour; by degrees it increafesmore, and acquires another form, 
becomes more proportioned, and lufty, the cheft becoming fuller, 
the {boulders broader, bones and mufcles larger, and the Joints 
firmer. We may reafonably judge alfo, from the decreafe of that 
power of tho heart, how the comprefsion of the larger veffels, 
and of the mufcular and neighbouring parts upon tire fmaller 
* This account of the change of the refinances in the arteries 
and veins, with relpefttoone another, is agreeable to the phceno- 
mena which (hew, that the arteries are larger, and contam more 
blood in proportion to the veins in young animals, than in old j 
that arterial hcemorhages occur moft frequently in young perfons • 
and that congeftions in the veins, with haemorrhages, or hydropic 
effufions depending upon fuch a ftate, occur moft frequently in, 
old age. Cullen, laft. cited. 300. veffels effe&s the obliteration of the cavities of thefe, and how the 
rigidity of old age is effe&ed*; the vital power, or excitability., 
•being alfo by the aftions of the body, exhaufted, decay of bodily 
ftrength enfues, and lofs of mental faculties. In fuch progreffion, 
therefore, does the corporeal fyftem proceed, through the morning, 
noon, and evening of life. An interefting fubjeft for man to dwell 
ttpon, and fuch, as we beg may apologize for the farther infection 
of the poet's defcription: 
When life is new the ductile fibres feel 
The heart’s mcreafing force; and, day by day 
The growth advances ; till the larger tubes, 
Acquiring (from their elemental veins, 
Condens’d to folid chords) a firmer tone 
Suftain, and juft fuftain, th’ impetuous blood. 
Here flops the growth. With overbearing pulfis 
And preflure, ftill the great deftroy the fmall j 
Still with the ruins of the final) grow ftrong. 
Life glows mean time, amid the grinding force 
Of vifeous fluids and ekftic tubes; 
It's various functions vigoroufly are plied 
By ftrong machinery; and fohd health 
The man confirm’d long triumphs o’er difeafe. 
But the full ocean ebbs : There is a point. 
By nature fix’d, whence life muft downwards tend. 
For ftill the beating tide confolidatea 
The ftubborn veffels, more rcluciant ftill 
To the weak throbs ofth’ ill fupported heart. 
Thislanguifhing, thefe ftrength’ning by degrees 
To hard unyielding unelaftic love, 
Thro' tedious channels the congealing flood 
Crawls lazily, and hardly wanders on ; 
* Confpeftus medicinal theoreticae auclore Jac. Gregory, M. D. 
he. Cap. zz. It loiters ftill; And now it ftirs no more. 
This is the period few attain •, the death 
Of nature ; thus (fo heav’n ordain’d it, life 
Deftroys itfelf; and cou’d thefe laws have chang’d, 
Kefter might now the fates of t roy relate; 
And Homer live immortal as his long*. 
We have only.in this part of the fubje£l,to add fomething relative, 
to hoemjptys.'s. lakir.g for granted, the reasoning which is 
applied-}- to prove the different proportion of the denfity and 
ftrength, fubfitting hero een the arteries and veins at different ages, 
the power of which in infamy and youth, is in favour of the veins, 
in adult and more advanced age in the arteries ; the equilibrium 
being fuppoled generally to take place about the thirty-fifth year 
of age}: hence, if plethora happens in the body' before that time, 
it is fuppofed to fhew itfeif in the arteries, becaufe of their laxity 
* Armdrongloc. cit. b ii 1. 05- 
■f Cullen’s fir ft lines, et feq. 7*6. 
J “ n gene al it maybe obferved, that when the feveral parts, 
tc of the fyftem bf the Aor.a (fyftem of the arteries) have attain- 
** ed their full growth and a>e duly balanced with one another, 
if then any confide: able degree of plethora remain or arif’e, the 
** nicety of the balance will be between the fyftem s of the aorta 
«* and pulmo- ary artery, or between the veil'd- of the lungs and 
“ thole of ail the red of the body. And al'.hougft the Idler ca- 
f‘ parity of the veffels of the lungs is commonly corapenfated by 
‘‘ the greater velocity of the blood in them; yet, if this velo- 
“ city he not always adjufled to the neceffary corn penfat ion, it is 
“ probable that a plethoric ftate of the whole body will always be 
a efpecially felt in the lungs ; apd therefore, that an hcemerrhagy 
“ as the elFeftof a general plethora, may be frequently occafioned 
tc in the lungs; even though there be no fault in their conforma* 
tion.” Cullen icc. cit, 760. ixxvii 
and debility, rendering them capable of receiving a greater pro- 
portion of blood than what an oppolite condition in the vein 3 
allows. If fo, then, upon the application of any hidden and 
violent caufe, the diflribution of blood may be diftnrhed, what 
]s deemed congeftion, by forne, may take place, and rupture of, 
and difcharge of blood from the arteries, happen as in Hceraop- 
lyfis. 
The lungs are fmall, in comparifon to the vafcular fyftem of 
the whole body ; yet their blood-veflels are large, and more nu- 
merous proportionately; containing much blood, the entire 
quantity of the fyftem being obliged, after refpiration takes place, 
to pafs through them. They are loofelyfuppo. ted by the neigh* 
homing parts, therefore fiiould they not be in a healthy ftate, 
they may be tuppofed not capable of bearing an increafed impe- 
tus of blood, from ftrong exciting caufes, and unable to refill 
effedfts, equally with the vigorous body ; efpecially in the full 
ftate which is imagined to fupervene the growth of the body, or 
whilft the denfity of the veins overbalances that of the arteries*'. 
Thofe who are of the conftitution we have before defcribed, 
feldom bear without hoemorhage the application offudden and 
violent external caufes; if we allow the plethoric ftate, or mal- 
conformation oppofmg equal and regular diftnhution of blood, 
or “faulty proportion between the capacity of the lungs and the 
reft of the body*”—They are thofe, who poffefs fuinefs with 
laxity and delicacy I hofe who have buffered from the difeale* 
or born of parents who have been fubjedled to it. Thofe whole 
minds are of an active temperament readily aifcftsd by violent 
paffions ; fubjedl to hylterics ; in the time of age chiefly between 
the fixteenth and thirty-eighth year. The predifpofltion fhould 
alfo be attended to as a circumltance to which our allufions are 
ever made; whether theie be realconiormation or not, or tuber- 
culous ftate. It is in that, that genuine Hoemoptyfis is gene- 
* See what is laid, in the fequelj on Fxercife, rally traced; and moftly brought into effect, by taking cold or 
other injuries as whatfoever ftimulates the fanguine circulation, 
or hurries the nervous power. Whatfoever may caufe determi- 
nation of blood to the lungs, as impediments interrupting cir- 
culation in other parts ; or fupprcffed habitual dlfcharges ; want 
°f exer elf's, with full diet, and the abufe of condiments or other 
ftimulants ; hidden and violent exercife of the whole body, or 
particular parts; or whatfoever violently hurries refpiration ; 
unfavorable poftures of the body, coldnefs of the extremities aud 
fuppreffed perforation. 
An exciting caufe mentioned by Cullen, and which we have 
tlfed in our poetical part, is external heat; winch he fays, even 
when in no great degree will bring on the difeafe in fp/'ing, and 
the beginning of fummer, while the beat rarifies the blood more 
than it relaxes the folids, which before had been contrafted by 
the cold of winter. It may be fo, perhaps, if we may be allow- 
ed to fuppofe, that after the cold of winter, the operation of the 
effefts of fpring and warmth are on the human body in fome de- 
gree as upon animals which have been torpid. The ftimulus 
of warmth having been defeftive, the excitability becomes ac- 
cumulated, and is fufceptible of lefs ftimulus afterwards, to it’s 
increafed irritability. He ranks alfo, araongft the exciting 
caufes, a fudcien diminution of the weight of the atmofpherc, 
of which undoubtedly fome inftances may be brought; but they 
are very rare in our climate. Our bills are not of fuch a heighth 
as to give caufe to that, which Authors have defcribed in ex- 
alted fituations, from diminiftied preffure of the air; nor do we 
find, that thofe who have defcended into the loweft depths we 
have in mines, &c. find an oppofile effeft from the preffure. 
But, heat and exercife in attaining afeents, may, to the predif- 
pofed, by hurrying refpiration to whom all great efforts of the 
kind are hurtful, certainly aft as an exciter of hoemorrhagy. 
§o alfo, bodily exertions as increafing heat, and when aided alfo Ixxix 
by external heat, as in warm rooms and crouded aflVmblies may 
likewife aft when the hiood, 
Such Exercife increafes the circulation through all parts ; forci- 
bly propels the blood to the extreme veflelsj by which the dif- 
charge from the exhalants of perfpiration is augmented. l'hofe 
Too much already maddens in the veins: 
—— fraall arterial lengths that pierce 
In endlefs millions the clofe woven flcin. 
The veloc ty of the blood proving, in the fir ft effect a violent 
ftimulus, by the increafe of heat, to the whole frame j refpira- 
tion is exceedingly hurried. Hence, it may urge determination 
of blood to parts, which other wife might have remained in an 
innocent ftate; and if we may be allowed to fuppofe any local 
defeft, morbid complaint or atony of veffds there to which the 
added debility which tnfues to the whole frame, from the ex- 
haufting effeft of much exercife, .nay contribute, we may eafily 
conjefture the confequences. 
When all at once from indolence to toil 
You fpring, the fibres by the hafty fhock 
Are tir'd and crack’d before their nuftuons coats, 
Gomprefs’d, can pour the lubteating balm. 
Befides, collefted in the paflive veins, 
The purple mafs a fudden torrent rolls, 
O’erpowers the heart, and deluges the lungs 
With dangerou inundation: oft’the fource 
Of fatal woes; a cough that foams with blood, 
Atthma, and feller Peripneumony, 
Or the flow minings of theheftic fire 
We have fuppofed, under fitch a ftate of excitement from 
Exercife, the fudden exposure of a predifpofed conftitution, to 
Armftrong loc. cit. B. i* 3. 191. fudden cold, as one means amongft others, of canting the word: 
confequences; not as the only one, becaufe chiefly mentioned, 
but as the moll coincident with common, and old popular opi- 
nion j and one which truly experience can fay has been verily 
pernicious to many young people*. A danger which the Poet 
whofe language we have fo frequently introduced energetically 
thus cautions again ft* 
Hot from the field, indulge not yet your limbs 
In wilh’d repofe ; nor court the fanning gale, 
Nor talle the fpring. O ! by the facred tears 
Of Widows, Orphans, Mothers, Sifters, Siresy 
Forbear! No other peftilence has driven 
Such myriads o’er the irremeable deep. 
Why this fo fatal, the fagacious Mule 
Through nature’s cunning labyrinths could trace 3 
But there are fecrets which who knows not now. 
Mull, ere he reach them, climb the heapy Alps 
Of fcience; and devote feven years to toil; 
Eefides, I would not llun your patient ears 
With what it little boots you to attain. 
He knows enough, the mariner, who knows 
Where lurk the Ihelves, and where the whirlpools boil, 
What figns portend the llorm ; to fubtler minds 
He leaves to fcan, from what myfterious caufe 
Charybdis rages th’ lonian wave; 
Whence thofe impetuous currents in the main 
Which neither oar nor fail can Hem; and why 
The roughening deep expefts the llorm, as lure 
As red Orion mounts the ihrouded heaven*. 
Armflrong loc. cit, B. 3.1. 219. 
* See what is faid on Catarrh, in the preceeding part, the fall 
pote on that fubjeft. One reafon given, accounting for hoemorrhage from the 
lungs, from cold or diftrefs of mind, has been from the con- 
lb i£tion Induced on the fupoficial velfels of the furface of the 
body; which preventing the free tranfmiflion of fluids there, 
determines a great quantity of blood with preternatural impulfe 
to the internal parts*. To which fliould be added, the elfefi: 
which the ftimulus of expofure afterwards to a fuperior degree 
of heat would caufe-f. 
Tranfuions made fuddenly Jrom degrees of heat, to thofe muck in- 
ferior, or vice verfa, are well known to produce inflammatory 
afl’eftions; as in Catarrh or Pneumo)iy\\. And when this hap„ 
pens in fuch conftitutions as we have pointed out, it is feldom 
that it proceeds to a favourable iffue ; if a purulent ftate is not 
prevented in the lungs. Befides thofe caufes, there are others, 
producing excfifive flimulus; and which favour the effefits of 
exciting caufes. As fulnefs of blood, produced by ina£livity, 
or its velocity increafed by motion or labour, which affe<st the 
whole fyliem, as well as the lungs; whofe ftru&ure allows them 
to be affe&ed by any ihock given to the whole body, cauling 
diftenlion, and greater determination of blood to them. It is 
judged that a wound from Hoemoptyfis, or Ulcer, from Pneu- 
mony, can only produce Phthifis under particular circumftances 
of the conftitution J. 
We have introduced certain morning ideas at Rockly, a 
fmall vill age on the border of the Dawns, about two miles from 
Marlborough in Wiltfiiire, on the left hand of the road from 
hence to Swindon; thg refidenceof the honorable Colonel St« 
# Cullen loc. cit. 104.7. 
f See what is obferved relative to cold bathing, and a note at 
the end of the fubjeftof Catarrh, 
|| Inflammation of the lungs. 
J ibid ——— 867. & feq. & 898, John : duiing an abode in whofe hofpitable manfion, this work 
was compoled. 
In topographical and natural hiftory, this place has been men- 
tioned, as remarkable for the accidental and temporary breaking 
forth of a fpi ing of water in certain winter feafons, at irregular 
intervals of yeais, accordingly as circumftances and the nature 
of the weather happen. It difcharges a large quantity of water 
for a certain period, and then ceafes. It is known by the name 
of Hunger bourne. Which circumftance is deemed by the neigh- 
bouring people to indicate a dry fequent Summer. It flowed co- 
pioufly laft year, wbiltl the Author was there. 
On the Downs, contiguoufly to Rockly, are left thofe marks 
of antiquity called Barrows. Some of which, are in a very per- 
fect ftate, untouched by the facrilcgious hands of curiofity . 
whilfl others have been penetrated and difturbed by the fcruti- 
rnzing hopes of avarice, or antiquarian defire. 
The* learned fimplicity of the ancient Britons dilated to them 
no other kind of funereal monument, than a ftnall hillock of 
earth to cover the bodies of the difeafed, which they rightly 
deemed fufficient to preferve their relics, and to perpetuate their 
memory to pofterity. How much unlike the defires of many, of 
the prefent age, who ftrive to heap over their great dead, a fuper- 
fluity of cumbrous ornaments, and proclaim their excellence at 
random in pompous epitaphs ! 
The maible tombs that rife on high } 
Whofe dead in vaulted arches lie. 
Whofe Pillars fwell with fculptur’d ftones. 
Arms, Angels, Epitaphs, and Bones, 
Thefe, all the poor remains of ftate, 
Adorn the rich, or praife the great; 
"Who while on earth in fame they live 
Are fenfelels of the fame they give§. 
« From the Beauties of Britifh Antiquity, by John Collinfon. 
§ Night-piece on Death, by Dr. Parnell. Our anceftors ufed no fuch vain mementos, and yet their me 
mory ftill lives in the green turf, and in all parts of this ifland 
we view with reverence and delight their unadorned fepulchres. 
The name of Barrows, is fuppofed to be from the Saxon, figni- 
fying the receptacle of the hidden dead : they are heaps of earth 
thrown up in a conical form, and are fornetimes furrounded with 
a circle of upright ftones, but generally with a /hallow trench, 
which is the cafe with thofe near Rockley. Sometimes the 
trench furrounds two or more of them. Such as in different 
parts of this Ifland have been opened, have been found to contain 
not only the half burnt remains of the interred, with urns full 
of allies, but alfo arms, veftments and female trinkets; as bead', 
bodkins, &c. In fome have been difcovered the inftruments 
ufed by the Druids for cutting the milfeltoe of the oak; in others 
burnt bones of animals ; pieces of hewn ftones, fwords and pole- 
axes. 
Northerly from Rockley, and about three miles diftant from 
the vale, where fome of the moll perfe<sl of the Barrows in this 
neighbourhood remain, upon the Barbury hills, a ridge over- 
looking the northern part of Wiltfhire, Hands the camp called 
Barbury j in the pariih of Ogborne St. George : the village of 
which, is diftant about two miles Eaftward of hence, and in 
■which, are feveral marks of its antiquity, befides the indications 
which fome ofits rights and privileges, and the holding of cer- 
tain courts here, manifeft. 
That camp ftands on one of the weftern eminences of the 
ridge of hills, which run eaft and weft ; and is in fome parts 
very fteep ; efpecially to the north, and weft, feparating the high 
ground or Downs, from the fertile country below. Looking to- 
wards which, from this fpot, the eye is delighted wtih the exten, 
five and rich profpeft which it enjoys; fo different in afpeft, to 
that which appears when we look back upon the Downs: where, 
the fcene has a wildnefs, from the defeft of inclofure, in our view* ing the contiguous, diftant and broken, range of bill and vale, 
devoid of trees. The whole of which extent is dedicated to Pan 
and Ceres; affording fine corn-land, and a large trafit of her" 
bage for fheep. On the other hand, the profpefil into Gloucef- 
terfhire and other parts, is, as Ccllinfon fays, under the eye like 
a map ; as far as the Welflr hills beyond the Severn, whofe 
lovely profpefit would naturally animate the Britons in it’s de- 
fence, as the Roman’s in it’s conquers. It is indeed a fine feene 
of woods, towns, paftures, rivers and vallies. 
Barbury appears to be a Roman entrenchment, is of a circular 
form and double ditched quite round ; the inner ditch originally 
rpuft have been very deep, in many places now the cavity is 
much filled up by the defeent of earth; the rampart is ftlll high. 
There are two entrances, one upon the eaft, and another on the 
weft diameter, which is two thoufand Roman feet long*. At 
the weft, the inmoft rampire retires inw'ards a little to make a 
port with jambs eaftward, the outer ditch turns round with afe. 
micircular fweep, leaving two paffages through it obliquely to 
the main entrance, like our modern half moons. 
From this encampment, towards the South may he Teen ano- 
ther Roman camp, on Mart infall Hill; which is very fteep on 
fomefides. It is confpicuous at a great diftance, and is within 
light of all the camps in that country. North-eaflerly of Bar- 
bury, another entrenchment called Lydingtou may be feen; form- 
ed upon a very confpicuous eminence: but whether the work 
of the Romans or Danes we do not determine. 
In feveral places on the Downs, are found maffy ftones, of va- 
rious figures and fizes, fometimes in an ifolated fituation, fome- 
tiines in great numbers together as in the way from Rockley to 
* The Roman foot being fomewhatmore than ii’in Englifb 
meafure, or n I. & 604- pts. Ixxxv 
Abury ; in Tome filiations they appear as if filed with 
having forae regularity of order ; in others quite reverfely fo : 
pffome, a very fmall portion only appears above ground of their 
large bulk, others are placed fuperficially with their rude and 
imraenfe fize entirely expofed. They are generally called Grey. 
Weathers, having their name, probably, from their refemblance 
to a flock of flieep at a diflance ; which the colour of the mofle* 
with which they are moftly covered gives. They feem to be of 
the fame nature as thofe ftones which remain Handing at Abury* 
and originally compofed a part of the Druidical temple there; 
their texture is very hard feemingly of the nature of flint with 
gritftone. 
Having now conduced this part of our defign to the limits in« 
tended, we leave it, and the whole of our prefent endeavours, ex- 
pofed to the view of their Readers. To a diflance from the 
throne of judgment we retire, (under the tutelage of hope), 
waiting the determination of thofe who take prefidency there. 
Liberal and generous minds know how to be lenient to imper- 
feftions; and an affurance has long ago adminiftred this confo, 
lation, That 
He’s half abfolv’d who has confefs’d*. 
Willing to bear the hand of correftion, vve alk only that pru- 
dencemay direil it; and whilft we fupplicate for the abfence of 
feverity, we would commend as a companion for our judgeSj 
Reafon. 
Equally form’d to rule in age and youth 
The friend of virtue and the guide trutbf. 
* Prior’s Alma. Cauti, 2. 
t The Apology Churchill, INDEX, 
*** The Roman Numerlcals refer to the Preliminary Obfervations; the 
Other Figures to the Poem.’ 
Abury - Jxxxy, 
Acme ~ - Ixx, 79. 
Barrows ... Ixxxii, 93. 
Earbury Callle - 94.. 
Bleeding at the Nofe - Ixxiii. 
Catarrh - llx, Ixxxi, 99. 
Catching-cold - xxvi, lx, Ixxi, 98. See Tranfxtions, 
Ciiildren, obfervations relative to - xi, 
xii, xix, xx, xxx, xliijxlv, xlvi, xlviii. 
Cheek floridity of - xvi, 10. 
Climate change of - xxxvi, 37, 
nature of xvlii. 
in Britain - - xxii, xxvi, 30. 
Clothing - xviii, xxlx, xxxvi, xxxix. See Flannel. 
variablenefs of 
XX. 
Cold-Bath - - - 1, lx. 
Complexion - . - viii, ix. See Phthifical form 
Confumption - - v, 8. 
a caufe of 
xliv, liv. 
florid 
fcropbulous 
xiv. 
xxxiii. 
varieties of 
xv. 
See Phthifis. 
Contagion 
Debility in whom xv, 27, 9, to, 11,12. 
- xxxvi. xliv. 39. 
Difpofition hereditary - - vi. 12. 
advice tothofe of 36. 
Djjlortion and caufes 
xi. 11.11. 2 
Dogmatic principles ... *B. 
Downs - 92. 
Elegies - .. - - 16,68. 
Empirical orientation See Quacks 
Evening’s vagary, a Poem Ixviii. 
Exercife - xxxvi. xxxix. 
fome effedls oflxxix, 80, 81, 96, 97. 
cautions for - - - - 85, 
Eyes pearly appearance of - xviii. 
vivacity and expreffion of xv. i 6. 
Flannel ufe of - xxxix, 38. 
Female Sex a Conftitmion in them, aflumed 
as a pourtrait - xlv. y, 20. 
Florid temperament lii, and note * 54.. 
Grey Weathers - ixxxv. 94., 95. 
Growth of the Body - - - Ixxi, 79. 
Heat*externai - - Ixxxviii. 80. 
Heftic • - , v. 8, 100. 
Hoemoptic temperament advifed 44., 45. 
Hoemoptylls - - Ixxvi. 59. 
Hope - Ixv. See Phthifis; 
Hungerbourne ... Ixxxii. 
Knowledge and Art, Medical-unfuccef&ful- 
nefs of xxx, 24, 27. and feq. 
Living manner of - - xviii. xxix, liv. 
Lydington ... Ixxxiv. 
Malconformation of the cheft - ix, 13. 
Martinfall hill - Ixxxiii. 
Hon-naturals ... xlvii. 
Ogborne St. George - - IxXxiii. 
Paflions depreffing - / lx, Ixv, 51. & feq, 64.& feq. 
Phthifis the fubjeft of the Poem mentioned 8. 
«■ —definition of - - iv, 3 
Phthifis in whom alluded to, fee Female Sex 
ftealthy mode of attack 49. 
——— frequencyand fatality of xvii. 13, 14. 
* *~* 1 fcrophulous nature of xviii. 
T contagious nature of Iviii. 41. 
degree of fuffering in Ixii, 49, 50. 
hopeful delufion in' Ixiii, Ixiv. 10*. 
cure of 
xxxv. */• 
ultimate morbid effects of 100. & feq, 
Phthifical form and appearance of thofe fup- 
pofed prone to Phthifis x, 9, 10, & note p. 44, 
cautions and advice to 42. 44. 
Pneumony - - - Ixxxi, 99. 
Pneumatic-medicine - - lv, 40. 
Predifpolltion - v. See Dlfpofition and 
Prophylaxis - xxxv. 35 to 43. (Phthifical form. 
Quacks - - xxxiv, 28. 30* 
Rockley - •• Ixxxi. 921 
Sea-Voyages - xxxviii, 37. 
Seafons favourable or not to the Phthifical 
xxxviii, 37. 
Sentiment, a poetical - Ixiv. 
Scrophula - - - xxxii. 
Situations for the Phthifical Ixii. 37, 39. 
Teeth-whitenefs of - - viii, 10. 
Temperament - 8. 
Sanguine and Phthifical xiii. See Phthfical form 
Tranfitions fudden xxxix, Ixxx,lxxxi.9B. See Catarrh cateh- 
of decreafed irritability xvi. (and Female Sex 
Tubercles Ivi. ing Cold. 
cautions and advice in Ixix. 41. 5 
ERRATA 
IN THE PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. 
Page 
3 2 for I hope read it is hoped. 
5 are read be and delete I hope« 
6 will read may. 
S I mill not read the Author, 
• me read him. 
jo the Author rend him. 
3 delete me have. 
y I have done, and for deferring read deferves. 
jo for my read the Author's 
it its read his 
16 mblljl I avow that I have often affixed blame to this read mhilji 
it is avowed that blame has often been affixed to this 
17 I read the Author 
18 —I read he 
39 lam read is 
20 to offer in this part I Jhall only read to be offered in. this part ht 
can only 
21 I read he 
22 I read he 
23 have been read has been 
I have read he has 
my read bis 
24 1 read he 
6 in the note * for irrcffituibiles, though printed as the original 
read perhaps insvitabiles 
9 7 for in read it 
14 4 of the note forphthen read plethora 
35 note (1 line 3 for inaugurates read inauguralis 
22 -) for Auglice read Angliae 
26 5 f°r renas fcentia read renafcentia 
8 daudorum read dandorum 
27 2 gluiciverea.<i genuine 
18 capeUary read capillary 
29 2 ir'mary read urinary 
17 peridoratory read perfperatory 
29 after confumption , infert me do not mean 
jO 7 for irribility read irritability 
11 cjpicially read efpecially 
note for protenus read protinus 
occur ere read occurrere 
necefforium read neceff'arium 
j 1 1 Merton read Morton 
note caeteff read caeteri 
33 36 dcathefts read diathejis 
17 i for reek read reck 
Line 6 
Page line 
39 2.6 after fubfiances infert which 
—-*~-furs infcrt when, and delete it 
40 4 forfwarm read warm 
24. pullumonic read pulmonic 
41 g infert f after Gravedo and * after brows 
in the note + for caetaerrhous read catarrhous 
43 + line 6 for interalaneas read inter laneas 
texturs read textura 
opiiame read optima 
47 in the note J line 8 citiis read citubus 
5* r for it is read its 
in the note | line 7 for rejiore read rcjiores 
Sz 4 for thermometer read thermometer 
54 1 infradious read ir.farflious 
56 in the note t line 8 after veJJ'els infert a period, and for the read The 
10 forJiguisrozAJignis 
38 S for procatorotictavA procatarfiic 
in the note * line 2 for experentia read experientia 
—• objervari read ohjervavi 
to 18 for * infert § 
in the note + for dejfertatio read dijfertatio 
65 line 4 intempejiava read intempcjliva 
lougae read louga 
line 5 Tabedorum read Tabidorum 
66 in the note * a ablerunt read abierunt 
73 9 for increase read increafe 
76 5 Ncjier read Nejlor 
79 20 nuduous read unfhtous 
2X lubicating read lubricating 
80 5 * infert t and make the reference to the note fimilarly PHTHISIOLOGIA 
A 
POEM 
MISCELLANEOUSLY - DESCRIPTIVE and DIDACTICAL; 
IN FOUR. 
PARTS. 
QWXS POTIS EST DIGNUW POLLENTI PECTORE CARMEN 
CONDEREj PRO RERUM MAJESTATE, HISqUE REPRRTIS ? 
Lucret L, 5. r» 
PART I. GENERAL ANALYSIS 
OF THE FIRST PART. 
Introduction—the Reader requefled to prepare his 
mtnd for a fubjeCt of a ferious nature—A wiflo to pleafe. 
—Addrefs to Candour.—Requital for kindnefs and cha- 
ritable correction defired.—Satisfaction accruing to the 
mind in having done what has given pleafure to others. 
—Thankful fenfe of a benefit experienced from lenity. 
Addrefs to the amicable.—Abufe of the term, Friend.— 
Expectations not always realized.—Sentiments experi- 
enced from the attachment to, and cultivation of Poetry. 
Deprecation of the fujferings of fame of its votaries.—- 
Fate of Chatterton regretted.—Genius, mifery attendant. 
Addrefs, confequences effected on the mind, under the in- 
fluence of difappointmenti infiances in the fate andfuf- 
ferings of fame diflinguijhed characters.—Phthifis, the 
fubjeCi of the Poem, mentioned.—Attentions given to the 
characterfrom infancy to more advanced age ; perjonal 
defcription.—Hope, it's frailty, and reafons.—Charader- 
iftic pourtrait of a phthiftcal temperament of body and 
mind.—Other conditions defcribed, and their difmilitude. 2 
—Others, andfame caufes alluded to,—Diftortion tf the 
thorax, and Jome fymptoms attendant on Juch a preter- 
natural Jiate.—Regret defcriptively painted for fuch as 
are in this ijle the martyrs of Phthifis, it's frailty com- 
pared,—Requeft to the fympathetic,—Elegiac reflections- 
in remembrance of a fifler.—Conclufion of this part of 
the Poem, fuch as are the objects of Phthifis. PHTHISIOLOGIA. 
PART I. 
LET now thy mind, with penfive fenfe be fraught, 
Eftrang’d to giddy mirth’s fantaftic thought, 
Who e’er thou art!— That wilt attention fpare. 
To liften to the voice of fober care. 
Expeft no fentiment to quell a pain, 
Or jocund touch of laughter-moving ftrain. 
No off’rings of feftivity I bring, 
The language of Melpomene 1 fing, 4 
For joylefs words from utterance defccnd, 
When mortal mis’ries on the heart attend } 
And piti’d frailties, mingled with life’s fate, 
Such as the mufe feeks to delineate. 
O! whilft I write with animated will, 
May I this prompter’s aflive hope fulfil ? 
May others kindly it’s exertions greet! 
And may my lines their approbation meet! 
Candour befriend me; as ray wants requeft, 
Come with thy fmiles, and footh my fears to reft ! 
Thy favours pleafe—and brighten ev’ry day, 
And fhed afar, true fatisfaftion’s ray; 
May happinefs that bofom long requite, 
Who to another minifters delight! 
Grant, heaven, his foul may never fail to know 
The fweets which he to others fhall bellow! 
Who error, may with good intent detefl. 
And fhall with charity, it’s afls correfl! 
Oft have I truly felt the deed repaid. 
Where my poor labours gave a needed aid; 
Or if the effort conlolation lent, 
My bofom cheer’d, has felt thy joys—Content} 5 
Or where my heart a foible has revealed, 
Which amity's foft mantle has conceal’d. 
And to oblivion has offence confign’d 
Unwitted aft; of the moft cautious mind,- 
Grateful I’ve plac’d it in memorial care, 
With fenfe infix’d—which death fhall but impair. 
Come ye; who can fuch mental kindnefs give; 
Enroll’d in friendfhip’s lift—come with me live. 
A Friend !—kind name ! to ev’ry good alli’d, 
Yet by the world, alas! how mifappli’d ! 
Compaft admir’d ! that mankind implore 
And oft’ as fancied certainty adore. 
But afk the image for expefted aid, 
And fee how faft it’s painted beauties fade. 
Deaf then to all thy craving of fupplies 
It’s frigid temper ev’ry help denies. 
A fliadow ! that approaches feeming grafp, 
Then fleeting flies and quits the wifhed clafp. 
From earth, a fubftance much I fear far fled 
A barren relic—but in name—now dead. 
Yet fhou’d I venture where to feek it’s reft, 
Some hope wou’d, Clara, lead me to thy bread. 6 
Oft’ have I thrown in humbled thought away 
The lyre that fo much pleas’d in early day. 
Whofe magic nature oft’ the heart has warm’d, 
And hours of youth with pleafmg tranfport charm’d. 
When vagrant fancy’s flow’ry charms beguil’d 
The fentiment, through hflion’s regions wild. 
Still, wou’d I, lift’ning to the mufe’s lore, 
Court her coy arts, and envi’d fmiles adore. 
Then rouz’d—go foolifh hope—my fear has cri’d 
Succefs—nor honour—here thy Heps betide. 
Forfake thy fuit—but ftill frefh wilhes came, 
Which touch’d the bofom with ftrong fervor’s claim. 
All their bewitching influence I prov’d, 
And more the mufe’s haunts and warblings lov’d. 
O what fo dear —fo fair to me as thee ! 
Applauded fweet of verfe and harmony ! 
For thee what pleafures wou'd I not refign ! 
To cultivate the hope of gaining thine. 
Far be thofe griefs that once on him* were (lied. 
When hope forfook his anxious phrenzi’d head. 
When dark defpair true virtue overcame. 
And cauf’d the deed which quench’d the vital flame. 
Chatterton. 7 
Let Britain blufh that truth the tale can tell, 
That he unfriended and fcarce known, fo fell. 
Be the due meed to genius ever given, 
Genius, the brighteft boon of heaven ; 
Bright vainly art thou ! if thy fire confume 
That bud of peace that with thy life Ihould bloom ; 
If mix’d with forrow all thy gifts are made 
The prey of penury’s obfcuring (hade. 
Where hopelelfnefs pours forth th’ imprefling line. 
And builds an altar at defpair’s dark Ihrine. 
Frail reafon there a facrifice is brought. 
Whilft harras’d thought to ftrongeft fenfe is wrought. 
O thou exalted flame of ftrength refin’d ! 
Thou fubtle fpirit of the a&ive mind ! 
That beareft fancy far on wings fublime, 
O’er fldmmeft worlds and boundaries of time. 
Celeftial largefs ! giv’n to the foul, 
Too nobly born to bear this world’s controul. 
Though doom’d alas! by fortune oft’ to prove 
The pangs of want, or of defpondent love. 
Pangs made more keen—imped’d with deepeft woe, 
On minds that molt thy greateft favours know. 8 
Witnefs a Petrarch’s long and ardent flame; 
Conflant his heart—and fair its worth and fame: 
Yet ah ! his truth immortally renown’d, 
No blifsful compaß in this orbit crown’d. 
Cervantes—fon of fuperftitious Spain, 
With courage, fenfe, and fatire in his train. 
No friend, no lib’ral patron ftrove to fave 
From want, from prifon, or the filent grave. 
Say too, how heart affeßing Otway fell, 
Amidft the ills which blameful pages tell. 
Thus haplefs bards, whom fickle fortune fcorns, 
Apollo’s hand with lavifli’d gifts adorns. 
Phthisis, my theme, thou flow deftrußive force ? 
That canft fo oft’ health’s property divorce. 
Heßic—Confumption—or what name avow’d. 
The world thy deathly power has allow’d. 
That blafteft fertile youth’s expanding bloom, 
And bring’fl it proftrate to it's finite doom. 
JGainft whom fo little art avails, 
When thy dire grafp the fyftem frail affails. 
>Tis thee, within the mental eye I fee, 
Thou murderous cat’rer, for our defliny ! 9 
Clad in that form, and caufe unnotic’d yet, 
Such as thy baleful being may beget. 
To fpeak of thee, I venture this effay, 
And diffidently dare the frame pourtray ! 
Which fway’d by thee drifts on to wayward fate. 
And what thou waft and art wou’d perfonate. 
Blefs’d with thofe cares which tertdernefs demands, 
Since firft thy life breath’d on Ludna’s hands. 
Thy form the charms of blooming Hebe blefs’d, 
And beauty’s animated gifts poffefs’d. 
By fafety nurs’d, pafs’do’er infantile fears 
To the bright acme of thy youthful years. 
Lovely in elegance of mildeft air, 
And blandifhments—in graceful ftruflure—fair. 
Tranflucid tints throughout thy frame prevail 
Effeminate—and in defcent form’d frail. 
Of virgin fex—for this I wou’d now deem 
Th’ approved objeß of my deftin’d theme. 
Hope—through thy life opinion wou’d allure, 
That ample fruit the bloffom wou’d enfure. 
That time thy being wou’d improv’d proteß, 
And thus o’ercome the fear’d innate defeß. 10 
But to graft vigour vainly we effay 
On that faint item whofe tendence is decay, 
Whofe feeble health no energy pervades. 
But vacant power each attempt degrades. 
On that weak bafe which due fupport denies, 
Who feeks to raife a dome to reach the fkies! 
The candid afpefl never feign’d to hide 
The minute veffels of the fanguine tide ; 
Adorns with dulcet hue the expreffive face, 
Whofe albid cheeks are bloom’d with crimfon’d fpace; 
As if the pallid rofe a carmin’d tinge 
Should the young flower’s tendernefs impinge. 
Loofe flow’d the hair in lengthen’d figure trac’d. 
With eafe and freedom in it’s wavings grac’d. 
Sweetly it deck’d the form it wanton’d nigh, 
In mildeft col’ring of the flaxen die. 
Love feem’d delighted there to fpread a fnare, 
And aid th’ attractions lavifh’d on his care. 
The mbid lip on pearly teeth impos’d, 
The fmiles of placid innocence difclos’d. 
Whilft from the eyes enamell’d tunic teem’d. 
O’er every 100k—benevolence forth beam’d; 11 
W hofe fprightly pleafantry delight enfur’d, 
And admiration to their charms allur’d. 
Graces with winning chearfulnefs combin’d. 
And fadelefs honours of good temper’s mind! 
Of eafy manners chaften’d by good fenfe, 
And gen’rous fpirit of beneficence. 
On virtue and it’s happy rules intent, 
Nor like the body to mutation bent. 
Whofe fickle health, adverlely on this fphere. 
Now unfufpeffed, tends to brief career. 
If wary prudence, with fagacious deed, 
To prefervation’s laws urge not nice heed. 
To court Hygeia, and her blithfome train. 
And fliun enfuing caufe of morbid pain. 
With fuch munificence as now is nam’d, 
Jsome may be not fo liberally fram’d. 
For nature’s will may diff’rent hates beftow. 
And fparingly, her bounties more, allow. 
As flow’rs ill fuited to the planted foil, 
Unfitly made for life’s important toil. 
Unlike the fons of labour, whofe ftrong form 
Endures in vigor ev’ry vital ftorm ; Unlike the image fancy contemplates. 
Or poet’s language aptly imitates; 
Pond’ring on beauties faultlefsly array’d. 
And to the heart in riche ft thought difplay’d. 
Unlike the fymraetry that art combines, 
Which in the fchool of fculpture’s knowledge fhines % 
Or in the nice touch’d traits admired live. 
That imitation’s fertile pow’rs can give. 
A feeble offspring of degen rate blood, 
As if created in a carelefs mood. 
Hereditary lapfe—devoid of fire, 
Such as can ftrength and energy infpire. 
Or elfe the child of inattention’s nurfe, 
Alas! the parents’ and the infants’ curfe, 
Which injury, and multiplied ills 
In vari’d ways upon the health inftils. 
Rich in the fpoil of ev’ry heedlefs deed, 
And vacant of each aid requir’d by need. 
Whence modes are gain’d, and potent mifchiefs rife, 
And forms, that all correflive art defies. 
A fhape fpecific, pregnant with each woe, 
To health and life’s endurance conftant foe. 13 
Or caufe allotted, diverfe as unknown, 
Upon the crefcive age with harm may frown. 
Where no condition can the wifhes trace, 
Such as adorns a more invig’rate race. 
Within the clofe, diftorted, bony mold, 
The vital organs fcarce their ufe unfold. 
The lab’ring fides incelfant toil for food, 
T* imbibe fatiety of aerial food. 
Whilft refpiration wheezing in each deed, 
Dolefome purfues half ftifled painful fpeed. 
From the ihort breaths’ quick heaved narrow bounds. 
Scarcely the raucofe hollow voice refounds. 
Whilft feeble utterance with ftruggles lives, 
And to the urging cough new motives gives. 
Whofe conftant teazings of difquietude. 
With force exigent on the cheft intrude. 
Ceafelefsly troubl’d by each palling gale, 
That wakes the fenfe, or can the lungs alfail. 
Pity—that fuch, on whom perfection's fmile 
The blooming beauties of the Britifli ifie ! 
Whofe votive nymph’s Tritonia has deck'd, 
And where the lifterd trine their throne ereCt. Where Dionea joyfully allows 
Her gifts, and favours placidly bellows. 
Such as the Poet’s fruitful fancy knew, 
When bright Alcina’s * lovely form he drew. 
Fair as man’s thought of angels cou’d invent, 
Or heaven in human model reprefent. 
Replete with all that friendfhlp wou’d approve 
To wake the much admiring heart to love. 
My lucklefs knowledge, fuch alas! can mourn. 
And wakeful mem’ry view in thought forlorn. 
For fuch that record now the lay diflates, 
And lenient compafsion confecrates, 
To tell fome caufe, paint the fell difeafe 
That (lings the fweets of many a parent’s cafe. 
That lovers in viduity prollrates, 
And many friends dooms long to forrow’s fates, 
Countlefs the numbers, Clemency may fay, 
That fpeed to Pluto thus their early day. 
Lethal as evils on this world wide fpread, 
That call their millions to the filent dead. 
Or Hand alli’d with war’s, or febrile ill, 
Jo bid the Parcse their defign fulfill. 
Mifchiefs, by whate’er nam’d, that caufe our race 
To quit the tenure of this life’s embrace. 
See Orlando Furioso. 15 
Whilft fuch bewail’d, engage our trillful pains, 
That bid affeflion tell it’s mournful flrains. 
Of thofe unnam’d, to whom our heeds belong, 
Whofe merits claim the eulogy of fong. 
Ye fympathetic, who the heart indulge, 
Will ye forgive what ardour may divulge ? 
If this attempt—I afk ye to approve ! 
That wreathes a filler’s urn with lines of love. REFLECTIONS 
IN REMEMBRANCE OF A SISTER* 
PACE flow ye footfteps to the vocal lyre, 
As treading on the torpid grave’s domain. 
And harmonizing with the heart’s defire, 
Awak’d accordant, be the melting ftrain. 
Notes fit refponfive to my lift’ning ear, 
Are languent, foft, alike my pen five mind, 
Whilft hours and fkies that others fill with fear, 
Pleafe—-they, for me—and fadnefs were defign’d. Amidft the filent dead I love to mufe, 
When Harry night with unbroke filence reigns, 
When ev’ry leaf a motion does refufe, 
And not a breeze to venture forth then deigns. 
I think of thofe who fleep beneath my feet, 
Who left their fighs to worldlings and to me; 
Some whom I’ve known—with thought of pall I greet, 
And think on what our joys were wont to be. 
Dead now to me—dead many friends I love, 
Can thought meet your’s—and intercourfe maintain ! 
To your abode it flies—though here I rove, 
Exalted fpiritsl hear me hence complain. 
I’ll hie me to the earth where Anna lies, 
And there a tearful facrifice create. 
There on it’s fod I'll breathe a brother’s figh. 
And think on virtue whilfl; I hers relate. 
Ye youthful fair—ye calm’d thought veftal train, 
Whofe forms attuned feeling dignifies! 
Bring here each type of fympathetic pain, 
To deck her flirine—who here unfculptur’d lies. She whom in life each youth with praife wou’d Ting, 
Here too fhou’d have in death true virtue's fame, 
Here gentle minds your dulcet tributes bring, 
And blefs her mem’ry with a deathlefs name. 
Gives heav’n a filler with a heart like thine, 
Dear Anna—lovely—in all good array’d ! 
A heart, the feat of innocence divine 
Tis juft to laud when fuch in death fhall fade. 
Thou meek ey’d daughter of benevolence ! 
Whom heav’n in youth call’d to it’s pure domains; 
To thee I owe truth’s dutiful incenfe, 
Whilft reminifcence pow’r to praife retains. 
How fhall my heart—thy true regard repay, 
Ardent affeßion wou’d my boforn tell, 
How much admired—zeal’s attempt wou’d fay, 
Whofe ft rong fraught fenliraents—vain words repel. 
Yet, let me add—by all thy friends appli’d, 
Was amity's efteem for thee combin’d ; 
Nature to thee—no ornaments deni’d. 
To charm the eye, or captivate the mind. Like as a beaut’ous flow’r of tender race, 
Nurs’d by the kindly fofterage of care; 
Whofe cautious guard’an ventures forth to place 
The tempting beams of vernal fun to fhare. 
Clouds fuddenly o’erwhelm the flatt’ring Ikies, 
A gelid ftorm, th’ expofed plant affails, 
That all the help of ferving hafte defies, 
To fave his hopes from the fwift blighting gales. 
The driv’n hail, the bloflbm’d charms deftroys, 
And all the nafcent fweets of health defpoils; 
It droops beneath the fhock that thus annoys, 
Dies unredeemed by all future toils. 
So ’twas with thee to noxious ill expof’d 
Beneath the fmiles of youth’s brief deftiny; 
Thy bloom the fick’ning heßic fate foon clof'd, 
And pale difeafe obfcur’d thy luftred eye. 
Oh may refleßion—thus to thee afcend, 
That fpeaks a farewell to thy merit due; 
Such fhall thy happy manes not offend, 
They fhall the pious theme approved view. 20 
Thy fall we mourn not, Anna, as alone 
Thine not, or multitude’s the fate atone. 
Dread Phthifis ! thy defires are undeni’d. 
Nor are thy boundlefs claims yet fatisfi’d. 
Nor young, nor fair, impede thy vaft demand. 
Or flay the ftrength of thy relentlefs hand. 
Such moft thy mark are, of unerring aim 
On Albion, where fpreads thy morbid fame. GENERAL ANALYSIS 
OF PART THE 
SECOND. 
Addrefs to Jcience, unfuccefsfulnejs of the attempts of 
theory and experience, in the attainment of that know- 
ledge, which is defined for the cure of Phthifs— 
tion, JVhen the human mind fall become more perfect, 
and unemharrajfed by its prefcnt defers and infirmities, 
exifting here with primaeval excellence, 'various effects, 
which may priorly take place.—Addrefs to the Deity.— 
Little of certainty to be communicated of the fuccefs of 
art and prophylaxis in preventing or contracting the 
fatality of Phthifs, allufons to the various fources 
whence medicaments have been derived and ufed.—Dog- 
matical and empirical practice yet equally unfuccefs* 
ful.—Acknowledgment of defects candidly made, bow- 
focver fame may olherwife boafi of their fhill and power 
over that peculiarity of ft ate, which evades the controul 
of medical aid their fallibility and want of fuccefs 
cxpofcd■—hence the futility of rehearfng their mea- fares.—Caution to the credulous.—Confeffion that the 
cure is not infallibly known—-fudy and hope fill labour 
in the purfuit of that defirable event.—Praife, and 
rewards, due to him who may be fo fortunate as to find 
the Tneans of cure for Phthifs.—Addrefs to Grati- 
tude— its charadierijlic, and pleafng attributes.—The 
extended fway of Gratitude—defire to poffefs it—recom- 
mendation of it as a duty and debt to the Deity—regret 
for mans neglett—comparif0n.—Praife of him who cul- 
tivates this noble paffton—advantages.—Pendent capa- 
city of the ungrateful for other vicious imprejfions—a 
queftion and deftrc.—Motive for gratitude to heaven 
metaphorically mentioned.—Phe fuhject of Phthifs re- 
fumed.—Few, and zvhat kind of rules are meant to be 
dilated.—Addrefs to the Phthifcally difpofed, relative 
to the climate of Great Britain—and advice confe- 
quent.—Danger of wintering in this Ifland—early ufe 
of change of climate, and fea voyages commended.— 
What may be of ufe to thofe who are necefitated to 
continue in Britain.—Further recommendations.—For 
fuch, the enumeration of fit nations here as befl adapted 
to their needs avoided for want of fujficient experi- 
ence ; and the doubts which late opinions, derived from 
the knowledge of the atmofphere, have brought concern- ing the advantages of tbofe places which formerly were 
commended to the Phthijical.—Allujion to the aid which 
Pneumatic medicine promifes—the apparent worthinefs 
of its dodfrines attracts commendation—hence the rec- 
titude of applying for its aid, promoted.—A tuberculous 
fate of the lungs, advifed to feck early medical auxili- 
ance, if poffible.—Caution to fuch to avoid expofure to 
thofe affliffed zvith pulmonary confumption—under the 
idea of there being fome truth in its being an occafional 
caufe of the difeafs in the predifpofed.—Advice to at- 
tend to primary fymptoms.—Further indicative fymp- 
toms mentioned.—Hints to thofe difpofed to Hoemoptyfis. PHTHISIOLOGIA. 
PART 11. 
O SCIENCE! fecund fource of pow’r and wealth ! 
And kind preceptor of the rules of health ! 
Difrob’d, arife from thy repofmg bed; 
Unveil thy light, and be its rays far fpread ! 
What fpell rellriflive binds thy friendly will. 
And, uncontrouled, leaves the Phthific ill ? 
To fmg thy deeds and frequent overthrow. 
Would fwell the triumph of the mighty foe. 
To fay, where vacant of thy afk’d fuccefs, 
Thy hopes have fail’d to grant health’s happinefs. I from that effort ceafe—that would narrate 
Thy haplefs flruggles with the potent fate. 
What theory's wild vagaries have taught, 
And what thy Tons, alas! have vainly fought. 
What aim has try’d to fhield the hoflile force. 
What guard effay’d to flern its avid courfe ? 
Or how experience ventures to contend 
For that event to which its wifhes tend ? 
Alas! how few fuch well-meant efforts fave ! 
The vigor’s wreathe is deffin’d for the grave. 
When /hall the fun of truth, and wifdom’s day, 
Chace error and defpairing doubt away ? 
When give to man a more unbounded fight, 
And deck his mind with heav’n’s indulgent light ? 
When fhall the fhort-liv’d throbbing heart refign 
All thofe defefts, which now, O man ! are thine ? 
When hied contentment’s calmncfs on thy brow, 
And bid the thornlefs rofe of Eden grow P 
When not a tear fhall dim the lucid eye, 
Nor aught impede extenfive charity : 
Nor vicious purpofe e’er difturb the breaft, 
But peace prefide, with fmiles, as virtue’s guefl? 26 
Many a florm fhall urge the changing (kies, 
Ere that elyfian goodly morn fhall rife. 
Many a pain fhall bid its forrows flow, 
Many a bofom mortal fuff’rings know. 
Many a difappointment far fhall fpread 
Its fad dominion o’er the earnefl head. 
Many a poifon, on the barbed dart, 
Shall wing its way, and pierce the vital heart. 
Many a form, from tyrant laws fhall fly, 
Many opprefs’d, beneath thofe laws, fhall die. 
Many fhall fall beneath the hand of time. 
And many fink the viflims of foul crime. 
Many a child of innocence afar 
Shall moan its lot—the facrifice of war. 
Many a parent, with a mind forlorn, 
Shall weep its child, beneath affliflion born, 
Many a lover, fhall in forrow prove 
The wayward fortune of his flighted love. 
Many a friend a grateful deed fhall want. 
And o'er his injuries with tears defcant. 
Many a foul of worth fhall live forgot, 
And ign’rance ufurp his rightful lot. 
Many a mind fhall mourn for flighted health. 
And poverty bemoan the lofs of wealth. 27 
Thefe, thefe, and thoufands more, (hail men deplore, 
Till perfeß Mil's dwells conftant on our fhore. 
Cut thou! who from the high aether’al blaze ! 
Where countlefs feraphs, found thy endlefs praife! 
Unchang’d lhali be—and ftill (halt pow’r retain, 
To foothe man’s forrows in this world’s domain 1 
Oh ! if a pray’r can influence thy will! 
Thy blelfings, on my lov’d—and friends inftil t 
Oh view with mercy ev’ry finite woe ! 
And fliield the good, from ev’ry mundane foe ! 
Direß. man’s heart, and caufe his wilh to be, 
The greateft pleafure—that of ferving thee ? 
May all his hopes, and wants, to thee—afpire! 
Nor earthly love, or joys, fway his defire! 
That when his mortal brief career is o’er, 
When human forrows wound his fenfe no more; 
The fickle wav’rings of life’s time fafe paft 
His home may be in peace, with thee at laft. 
Cou’d I, in fpeaking what attempt has done 
Say, when the blifsful Goddefs has been won; 
Or if I cou’d with certainty impart, 
Some cheering rules of prophyl.aftic art 28 
Sure as that rock, on which fa6l firmly lays, 
Where knowledge ought to fix its folid bafe, 
Delight fliou’d raife on foaring wings its voice. 
And in the praife of verity rejoice. 
But {fill in doubt is admonition plac’d, 
Small are the limits by cognition trac’d. 
Though man with prying, and enquiring lore, 
Has ranfack’d nature’s vaft and wondrous ftore 
Of produßs diverfe, that combine in earth. 
To which the mine’s receffes deep give birth. 
Or are within the fountain’s wave dilfolv’d. 
Or in the vegetable’s form involv’d. 
Or thofe appropriate, by judgment uf’d. 
From animal condition fitly chus’d. 
Powers that chemic aßs appreciate, 
Or that in gas’ous fluid circulate. 
All in contention with the morbid caufe, 
Have each receiv’d their tribute of applaufc. 
Whate’er dogmatic5 principles have rais’d, 
Or vain empiric’ oflentation prais’d ; 
All that illufive prejudice could teach, 
As diff’rent fyftems diff’rent precepts preach. 
What to the frail, or too believing heart, 
Cou’d cunning, or ambition’s boafls impart. 29 
But ’tis what candour’s claims bid me inftill, 
The little effe&s of Pceonians fldll. 
Though fome their vaunted quackery difpenfe, 
To thwart the innate potent influence. 
That mortal mifehief’s deeply latent fway, 
Indefinite—that fpeeds it’s haughty way. 
And with the tendent fyftern feems to live, 
And it’s pofleflbr to it’s willings give; 
That dEfculapian regimen difdains, 
And uncontrouhd o’er art and fcience reigns. 
Such now I found not with fpecific name, 
Their frauds fhou’d die like as their groundlefs fame, 
Who vow a remedy fecure they grafp, 
And yet the evil flits—the healing clafp. 
The malady exempt from it’s arrefl. 
Bold in defiance, walks on unfupprefs’d. 
Or Proteus’ like—their vigilance eludes, 
And ftill it’s dangers on the frame intrudes. 
Their modes do not anxiety erafe, 
Their promifes expectancy debafe. 
Lift’ning attention little would it cheer, 
The pompous meafures of their rules to hear. 
Poor the reward that wou d the hope repay, 
Or wou’d requite the atchieving thoughts elfay. 30 
Let fuch advent’rers who their yEgis wield 
You, from the enemy attempt to fhield, 
If credulous, you yield to fuch defire, 
As ign’rance, and impofture wou’d infpire. 
Let them in prowefs feeble try, their arm 
To fkreen the danger of a juft alarm. 
Bring you—their medic’ potions much carefs’d, 
And prove their power in the ftrong conteft. 
For fuch—l of a vigor’s wreath bereft. 
The tales of many prosperous cures have left. 
But much I fear the fallacy you truft, 
Will fink deceptive to the humble duft. 
An abjeft conqueft in the proud defeat. 
Of that—whence conquer’d multitudes retreat. 
“ The monfter follows, and it’s force impels, 
“ Whofe ftrength—the ftrength of mortal man excels 
For not to human knowledge yet bellow’d, 
Has heav’n that precious certainty allow’d. 
When art and fcience, (hall that gift receive, 
Which Ihall our dread from Phthific force relieve. 
The mind of ftudy labours in that train, 
With many wilhes waits the blifsful gain; 31 
Led on by hope—fweet tempter to thofe deeds, 
By which industry in its aims fucceeds. 
Thou foiace of our efforts! yet conceal’d, 
Arife and be thy myfteries reveal’d ! 
Sweet refuge come !—and diffipate our fears. 
And give to worth and beauty, lengthen’d years ! 
He who (hall diffipate by certain deed, 
The ftrength of doubt—be his the endlefs need ! 
Of admiration—praifes that unfade ! 
In thankful rapture by mankind repaid. 
Whom parents, hufbands, brothers, friends fiiall blefs, 
And univerfal reverence carefs. 
Smil’d on by thefe—whofe fmiles cannot alloy, 
That fex—whofe fmiles in virtue gives true joy. 
Whofe approbation as real pleafure fhines. 
And the delights of recompence combines. 
His happy fortune hence lhall millions fave, 
And clofe a path that leads but to the grave. 
Who lhall the tabid hoft of hills defy 
And days of future happinefs fupply. 
Content unfulli’d fhall his life here greet. 
And confcious good his ahions ever meet. 32 
Full fatisfadlion gild his well earn’d fame. 
And ages fpeak with gratitude his name. 
Dear gratitude ! e’er lov’d, whofe angel fmiies, 
The toils of labour by thy gifts beguiles. 
Thou gen’rous paffion of the noble mind ! 
The foul’s confeflion of each impulfe kind ! 
Thy facred fire fhall enmity confume, 
And the fair offices of love illume. 
Thy light heel’d footfteps on the earth rebound. 
With fprightly fancies is thy forehead crown’d. 
The laughing joys upon thy features play, 
And honeft cafe attends thy jocund day ; 
When haft’ning to difeharge thy prompting heart, 
And all the duties that thy cares impart. 
Fatigue ne’er damps thy recompenfe defign’d, 
Nor hardships e’er impede thy willing mind. 
Unweari’d thy benevolence fulfils, 
The difpenfations which regard inflils. 
O gratitude ! how much on thee depends ! 
/ 
Far the embrace of thy vafi; arm extends. 
May from me never be thy charms effac’d ! 
Or be my heart with fordidnefs debas’d! 33 
Thy flame let e’er my fentient bofom fill, 
Nor felfifli int’reft interrupt thy will! 
Thou art from man to man, a conftant due, 
But more to him—our love, fiiould thee renew - 
Whofe Jailing bounty ev’ry blefling gives, 
And all the wants of finite need relieves. 
Omnipotence !—who can each a£l controul, 
Requires th’ avowals grateful of the foul; 
Shall man, of all creation’s work, difpenfe 
Thy boon the leaft, or fhrink from thy defence f 
Thee fliunning—in dull apathy repofe, 
Thy excellence—forgotten—not difclofe ? 
Regardlefs of thofe leflbns from above, 
Which fellowfbip and focial mode approve. 
Yes—often him—a mean indifference guides, 
And thanklefsnefs o’er his bafe heart prelides. 
Too often fo—and what can more debafe 
The vaunted excellence of human race ? 
Lefs fo—than favage forms, whofe gentle heed 
Reveres the hand whofe bounty fhall him feed ; 
Lefs faithful than the dog, whole love ne’er fwerves 
From him, whofe due fupplies his life preferves. 
They who thy proper energy poflefs 
A train of other virtues fliall carefs. Shall know what honour—honefty import* 
And what the laws of juflice moft fupport. 
Friendfhip for him, fhall each reward effay, 
And mild indulgence his requeft repay. 
Aids copious, fhall charity allow, 
And bleffings mingled with it’s flrcams fhall flow 
So fhall delight extenfively be fhed, 
And happinefs throughout the world be fpread. 
Each corrupt paffion foon the foul deludes, 
When on the heart ingratitude intrudes; 
Whofe gorgon-looks each finer feeling flies. 
And all the foft affefiions petrifies. 
To ev’ry vice it ope’s a ready way. 
Where turpitude and fecund evils prey. 
Is not the mind—which benefit receives, 
And barren ne’er a benefaftion gives. 
When not a word the confcioufnefs purveys. 
Or look oblig’d—the frigid fenfe difplays, 
But fullenly from re&itude recedes, 
Inimical to virtue—and it’s deeds ? 
Like him, whofe malice wou’d requital fhun, 
Becaufe they hate him—who the deed has done. 35 
Such may fociety with blame ejefl, 
Nor more their wants attentively prote£l. 
When the mild Ihowers of albfav’ring Heaven, 
To the parch’d earth with gen’rous good is given. 
The fated foil alleviated feems, 
And verdant with acknowledgements it teems; 
The drooped plants increafed vigor raife, 
And in their beauties fhines their Maker’s praifc : 
It’s varied bloom each flower then renews. 
Infpiring gladnefs over cheered views; 
Awaking hope, that culture of regard, 
Shall with rich fruit the foft’ring hand reward. 
For fuch beneficence let man employ 
His utmoft laud to fpeak his grateful joy ; 
For ev’ry good may long his altars burn. 
And ceafelefs tokens fpeak his heart’s return. 
Again, that path now claims our footfteps’ care, 
Where prophylaxis fought we declare, 
No remedy fpecific we detail, 
No charm ador’d in fuperftition’s veil, 
Nor legendary rules, by ancients told, 
Of fure prevention feek we to unfold. Reft ye enfhrin’d, by us no more thence led, 
Like as your makers, peaceful, midft the dead. 
Devoid of fuch, few maxims compenfate. 
Such as experience would inculcate ; 
Such as a minifter with wary eye 
Obferves, and dares with caution to apply ; 
Who practis’d rightly in fair nature’s fchools, 
Adopts with reafon, juft and Ample rules. 
Lift, and believe, I know no other aim, 
Whofe counfels, Hope can falutary name • 
That can the lapfe to tendent ill prevent; 
For you, by well-mark’d difpofition bent. 
Ye whofe frail frames pulmonic ills receive. 
Drooping beneath the Ikies of Britain live ; 
Forewarned be, what rifle here intervenes, 
And is united with our fickle feenes; 
The atmofphere’s cold, hot, or dank abode, 
Now dry, ferene, or in a rainy mode • 
For ever hov’ring on mutation’s wings. 
That pains and dangers to your fyftem brings. 
Soon, if you can, fly from fuch perturb’d ftate 
Of elements, that woo you to your fate. 37 
Inimical to all but thole who fhare 
A healthful vigor that defies e’en care • 
Yet even vigor refts not here fecure, 
Nor fafety can from danger’s drafts enfure. 
Let the wide canopy of cloudlefs Ikies 
Witnefs your time in kinder fafety rife! 
Where mildnefs, as on gallic lawns prevails. 
The days continued temp’rate joys entails. 
Or live beneath Olympus’ dome ferene, 
Where long reigns brightnefs, with th’ltalian fcene. 
Or Ulyflippo’s fmiles may woo your mind, 
And mark your hours to tranquil eafe refign’d : 
Or far from home, where vaft Atlantic roars. 
Happy remain ye on Madeira’s fhores. 
Ere the difeafe is ripen’d in the frame, 
Or bodes the fymptoms of the Phthific fame. 
Left be your winters on your native ifie, 
For climes whofe fway to gentle fenfe beguile. 
Oft’ o’er the billows of th’ extended main, 
Let the fleet veflel long your courfe fuftain. 
Where’er advantage prompts a varied range, 
And ufe and pleafure bids the will to change. 38 
So fpoke the precepts of the Roman 
In dißion pureft of th’ Auguftan age, 
Bidding reftraint not on the mind intrude, 
With cares and burdens of folicitude.* 
But if by fome untoward fate condemn’d 
To linger here, amidft the fea’s girth hemm’d • 
Let the whole frame the veftiment fuftain, 
From the warm raiment of the fleecy train. 
By Heav’n’s indulgence well beftowed here, 
To fhield the habitants of this rude fphere. 
Thus conftant fummer keep o’er all your frame. 
Nor e’er let rafhnefs your mutation blame. 
Ne’er let the fit in’s due efflux be fupprefs’d. 
To injure thus the fympathizing cheft. 
Nor let a gay feducing folar fmile. 
Which ’luring, wantons only to beguile, 
That tranfiently darts from the cloudy bounds, 
And often but the gelid ftorm furrounds • 
Urge you, whilft with its fleeting gleam you flay, 
Or tempt you then your caution to betray. 
Cclsus. L. 111, Cap. 22 39 
Difrobe not then, enticed by falfe zeal, 
1 he precious mantle of corporeal weal. 
No change—no time—no feafon ever fway, 
Shall through the year derange your cuftom’d way. 
So may you by each rule which care fupplies. 
In dietetic heed, and exercife. 
That with excels ne’er wildly deviates. 
Nor for the frugal fenfes pain creates ; 
Long hope your health ferenely on may flow. 
And many years of cafe and fafety know. 
The vagrant mind, for ye ! who cannot roam, 
Or leave for other lands your much lov’d home , 
Might here for you, its tutelage difplay, 
And o’er this foil in views far flretched ftray. 
Might, as it wanders o’er your native bow’rs, 
Of obfervation—cull the choiceft flow’rs; 
To form a code your memory to greet, 
Where fafeft now, to find a wifh’d retreat. 
But raidft the maze of doubt I travel here, 
Where every hep impreffes further fear. 
.Thy ripen’d mind,—Experience! no guide, 
Not o’er the thoughts, expanfion, does prefide 40 
Nor hoary oracle of Wifdom’s vgk , 
Or Judgment’s finger point out prudent choice. 
But by thy light, Philofophy ! here led, 
With fome fmall confidence we onward tread ; 
And to thy temple introduce the fair, 
The proper objefil of the mufe’s care. 
Where thy devoted prieft thofe laws unfolds. 
Which he who ftudies Nature’s works beholds. 
Vers’d in thofe principles, which long unknown 
The volant breezes of this orbit own. 
Whofe proper fkill, by the hermetic art. 
Can to its ufe adapt each fimple part. 
Whether the vital tide to animate, 
Or move its native fervor to abate. 
He teaches thus the florid to avoid 
An atmofphere with ruin ftrong alloy’d, 
Forbids thofe votaries to breath the gales, 
Where full excitement with each zephyr fails. 
Tells fuch to feek thofe haunts, where lefs declar’d 
That fubtle fway, by mixture is impair’d : 
Where more azotic element difclos’d, 
Is with carbonic principle compos’d ; 
Which tempers thus the ftimulating force, 
And moderates the crimfon’d tides full courfe. 41 
Chiefly ye, whom, that Frequent ill afflitls, 
And by its flgnals, danger’s touch, predicts. 
If the pulmonic ftrufture finely trac’d, 
Has malady tuberculous embrac’d ; 
A caufe too often ’gaintt the health oppos’d. 
And but to nice attention foon difclos’d : 
That thwarts too often amicable aids, 
And all the benefit of cure evades. 
Difpofing pow’r, of periculous ftate, 
That drifts the body to its wayward fate. 
Seek ye Apollo’s fons, their help engage. 
With early deed your fyraptoms to afluage. 
If happily thofe manners may avail, 
Which reafon flatters hope—may health entail. 
Learn ye ! whom caufes fuch initiate, 
To know your hazard—and avoid your fate. 
Let not confinement with depreflfing pain, 
you—pris’ner through the ling’ring hours detain. 
To breathe the ill, that morbid frame retails, 
Whofe health beneath the Phthific lungs quick fails. 
Not as a foe to charity’s kind hands. 
Or to the cares which tendernefs demands, Would I that watchful kindred boon impede ; 
Which nurtures ficknefs with each willing heed. 
But ah ! a willy fomething furely preys 
Upon that health which caution difobeys; 
Who long expofed in thofe domes but live; 
And but a noifome tainted air receive, 
Where conftant reigns each fway which can deprefs. 
And lead you to debility’s diftrefs- 
Each evidence of rifk, apprized fhun. 
And ftem the deed e’er yet it is begun. 
Fear—when a cough attacks—take juft alarm 1 
Though fcarcely boding to your thought a harm. 
Should it oppofe your breathings to the Ikies, 
When with the morn your due oraifons arife ; 
Though yet no other fymptoms have opprefs’d, 
Or feem the wonted vigour to arreft. 
Thofe may by time’s advancement be increas’d, 
And weave thofe bonds which cannot he releas’d. 
Should crefcive agitations—hence enlarge, 
And from the lungs the fpumous flux difcharge. 
If this—and more—with fteady pace fucceed, 
And injur’d refpiration more impede : 
If in thofe a£ts, which others freely trace. 
Your willing footfteps dare not fpeed embrace. 43 
Let not your minds incredulous neglect 
lhat prophylaxis, which may health protect. 
For on a precipice your good impends, 
And frail the guard is that your life defends. 
If with your days—debility and pain, 
A cough—with fliorten’d refpiration’s bane, 
Grow, and its darts ftill meet you in each track, 
To fpeed your ruin—by its fure attack; 
Forfake the road now—where your paces lead ; 
Nor dare continue with fuch rifles to tread. 
Or foon will 'greater mifehiefs be impos’d. 
And all their tendent principles difclos’d. 
If the cheft fpeaks gravidity of fenfe, 
And unbemoan’d, cannot diftrefs difpenfe; 
If all its a£ls, confirmed feeling (hare, 
Support impoverifh’d—of refpir’d fare. 
Then may you dread—what time may foon fulfil. 
The dire effefts of uncontrouled ill, 
Whilft fome in health—ftretch’d on the nightly bed 
In eafy frame to fleepful realms are fled; 
No inward pang the leaden g6d defies 
In whate’er form the inclination tries. 44 
You, vainly, may attempt th’incumbed fide, 
That flirs a cough—arraigns the breathing tide : 
Forbidding liberty’s diffufe defire, 
That would in cafe the ftreams of life infpire. 
With thefe continu’d—if the febrile fway 
Clofes the labours of the parted day. 
If unoppofed in their morbid bent, 
Such potent fymptoms fpread their wild extent; 
Soon will the looks—-the breath—the pulfe declare 
What evils now the frame is doom’d to fharc. 
Whifp’ring around th’ approaching heflic caufe, 
Quick on the corpfe with crefcivc power draws. 
Alfume—ye, whom th’ hoemoptic fyftem wield. 
Whate’er your frail predicament can wield: 
Who to the Phthific lineage a-kin, 
Derive a frail—and heired origin. 
Ye, whole denoting form—and fignal face,* 
Import th’ expreffion of a feeble race : 
* See page. Part I. 
Ad tabem properat, Phthisico de stemmate natus; 
Cui ssepe ad peftus, phlegraata salsa cadunt, 45 
Let prudent thought, and caution’s care avoid 
Each rifle, by which your health may be deftroy’d. 
Let nought debility’s effects proclaim. 
Or local flimulus derange the frame. 
Chiefly, ne’er fuffer motives to opprefs, 
Which e’er may add to your difpos’d diftrefs: 
Let nought aroufe the blood’s or nervous force. 
Or lead your flrength beyond a placid courfe. 
Let no fierce paflion e’er the mind incite, 
Nor e’er indulge in anger’s potent might. 
Let temperance o’er all your ways prefide. 
Nor any outrage let your actions guide. 
So may you learn to find that happy mean. 
Which bids no evil on your joys advene. 
But if excefs e’er leads your ardent will, 
Exped difeafe your pleafures foon may kill. 
Qui faclem hebraei, maciemque figurat avari : 
Cui vox augusto petlore rauca sonat. 
Qui gcrit oblongum, velut alta ciconia collum; 
Cui, velut ala aquilas, prominet os scapulae, 
Nescis, cur Phthisico natura annexerit alas ? 
Debet ad ignotas, nox voiitare plagas. 
L. 111. S. 111. 
Nova (t veins Aphorlsmorum Hippocrates Interpretatio 
a Joanne Franc. Leone ab Erlsfeldt. 46 
The fobcr rules of wifdom ne’er defpife, 
Nor only let experience make you wife. 
Experience, fage tutor of the thought! 
Though oft, alas 1 by youth too dearly bought. 
In youth be cautious—and you may fulfil 
Thole deeds—to gain which-r—l thefe rules inftil, GENERAL ANALYSIS 
OF PART THE 
THIRD. 
The ftealthy attack of Phthifs—the little alarm it 
gives to the mind of the afflicted—though affecting vital- 
organs—yet they are not very fufceptible of pain—hence 
the little fuffering of the confumptive, comparatively with 
that of others attacked in other parts, hy difeafe, not of 
fo fatal a tendency—its danger to the body is greater 
than its dolent impreffion on the mind—its tardy progrefs 
cppofed to other cafes rapidly deftractive of mortality.— 
Jdepreffing paffions of the mind hurtful to ihofe Phthif- 
cally difpofed.-—The felicity of hopeful Love, contrafed 
with difappointment and defpair.—The attempts to ob- 
tain confolation ineffectual—fmile from nature—grateful 
powers of requited affection.—The endeavours of blame 
and oppofition often mifapplied, in attempting to counter- 
act the tmpreffions of the paffion.—lts arbitrary fway.— 
An amiable and fuffering character delineated.—Her fate 
claims fympathy.—Interlocution to a tear.—Hope, a con- duCior fruftrated in its confidence.—Mutation of pleafures 
formerly experienced.—Products of unfaithfulnefs.— 
Defalcation of the heart—due penal confequences.—Con- 
feientious affliction.—Misfortune of an afedionate mind, 
to experience the decayed attachment of the object of its 
regard.—Supplication for divine auxiliance and inter- 
ference.—Figurative contemplation of expectation.— 
Powers of Love under deltifvve hope.—Different views 
of Difappointmenl—that of fruftrating pleafurable wifhes 
and dreaded evils—it often gives the real knowledge of 
things, and brings conviction to the ohfeured and deluded 
mind.—Continuance of the ejfeCts of the difappointed 
pafion on the body and mind.—Confolation adminiftered 
to a character.—Difirefs of mind from the fympathy of 
this and the body, defiruCtive of health and effecting 
decay.—An infance of this alluded to, and a requef to 
facrifice to the manes of female jriendfhip.—A deferip- 
live Elegy. PHTHISIOLOGIA. 
PART 111. 
WITH wily mode that lulls fufpicion’s voice. 
Enchain’d thou lead’ll—unwary oft thy choice. 
Like the trine monfters of Tyrrhenas’ main, 
Which to deftruclion lure with guilefome ftrain. 
For ye ! by Phthilis once attack’d, fojourn 
Not painfully—though flow, ye feek death’s bourn; 
Though warn’d, ye live—unfearfully ye fall. 
Whom, unalarm’d, decaying lungs inthral. 
For you the Deity, who he friendly will 
Permits the office of each good and ill, 50 
Bade with light hand, difeafe its deed commence } 
And (lightly prefs its ftings on mortal fenfe. 
Little thy powers—or thy triflful bane, 
Moleft the feelings—acrid poignant pain ! 
Acutely not—as when thy cruel laws, 
With pangs ineffable the mind o’er-awes. 
Did danger, but commenfurate, arreft 
The frame—as pain, upon the nerves imprefh 
Happy were many now !—and happy here, 
Had many liv’d eftrang’d to grief and fear. 
Unlike fome maladies, which parts invade, 
Foes not to life—yet fad with tortures made. 
But thou, my theme 1 with nobler organs wars, 
And life with gentler, yet fure force debars. 
Not, as foon fades athletic health’s high boaft, 
Yet ere few days, on India’s fhore a ghoft. 
Where numbers left, beyond the billow’d deep. 
Thy prey, dire Fever ! may Europa weep. 
Not like the fon of Jove—ere ftrength decays, 
By fudden conflift—doom’d to end thy days. 
His anguifh’d fuff’rings, conquer’d life’s defire. 
And plac’d him viclim on Oeta’s fire. 
Whilft fpeak thofe figns, which rightly indicate 
The warning tendency we contemplate. In fuch, how oft the mournful eye hath feen, 
A cafe diftrefsful a£l with powers keen ,• 
A fubtle woe, infidioufly drefs’d, 
By the pure heart of innocence carefs’d* 
Afting too potently with fad effeft, 
Whilft youth condu&s the tender intelleft. 
When nice fufception, every feeling trains, 
And long, with confcious fenfe, each print remains. 
Often no more, to be by care thence lav’d, 
Indelibly too deeply there engrav’d. 
On you ! ye fouls! decoy'd to long diftrefs, 
To love, and oft, fruftrated happinefs. 
Sweetly with her the light-wing’d moments flew, 
When firfl in love a blithfome hope flie knew: 
No doubt, nor fear, her youthful heart poflefs’d, 
Nor forrow broke upon her balmy reft. 
Charming in fmiles of fortune and health’s bloom, 
Her joys ne’er dream’d of future ills to come. 
Aurora’s face for her rofe frefii and fair, 
And flow’rs for her perfum’d the fun-beam’d air. 
But ere her life had reach’d meridian hour, 
A gath’ring ftorm drench’d on her head its pow’r; 52 
Relentlef-; burft—and fwifdy henceforth gave 
To expedition’s blifs an early grave ; 
And left her love-lorn and defpairing bread, 
With pining care and difappointment prefs’d. 
So may the morn that's gilt with lucid ray, 
Weep in its fhow’rs ere ripen’d into day. 
No more the fprightly look her fpirits boall, 
The hope and anchor of her foul is loft. 
In vain fhe feeks the path of eafe ferene, 
To cheer her life—or fome fequefter’d fcene, 
Where calm’d, thepenfive heart’s fad dreary way, 
May with enjoyment-—thorny pain allay. 
So, when the zephyr’s gently moving breeze, 
Whifpers amidft the vale’s light tufted trees, 
In airy fmiles, which nature’s charm reftore ; 
How foon the phantom-fway is heard no more! 
Quick rife thofe blafts, which fierce the foreft tear. 
As in the rueful cadence of the year. 
Deftruclive to the leafy honour’s pride, 
In volant fweep o’er nature they prefide. 
While burfting clouds pour forth their liquid wave, 
And foaming down the rocks the torrents lave. 53 
To grief’s dire paffion and corrofive fmart, 
Obfcures all pica fires from th’ afflißed heart. 
More keenly than the {form’s rude hoftile hand, 
Difmantles beauties of the peaceful land. 
But love’s benignant fweets the foul can free, 
And loofe the captive from all mifery. 
44 Can aid the hero—bid ambition rife,” 
And bear the mind beyond all mortal ties. 
Like as Favonius, to nature dear. 
The fainting pilgrim’s calid paths can cheer. 
The languid faculty, and cautious age, 
In vain opponent words with love may wage ; 
May tell what maxims youthful minds ffiould guide, 
What prudent forefight o’er their deeds prefide : 
May blame aufterely the admitted gueft, 
Which preys upon the paffion’s tranquil reft : 
Which ev’ry former quietude affails, 
And over judgement fpecioufly prevails. 
With wily afpeß wilfully allures, 
Yet no companion in the breaft endures. 
44 A truth which many but too late can hear! 
44 A certain truth, which many buy too dear! 54 
By thee once charm’d, all elfe a charm has loft, 
The heart thy feat, thy unfufpe&ing hoft. 
Ferfuafive guidance ! deified name ! 
1 not thy pow’r—or fad misfortunes blame : 
Though tranfiently—I fome effefts relate. 
Which minds more able might delineate. 
But firft, may I a deftin’d tale purfue ? 
Which now approaches to the mem’ry’s view. 
For, till old time each mundane a£l fhall raze, 
Virtue, like Stella’s, lhall be nam’d with praife ! 
Whofe conftant wifh with gen’ral good o’erflows, 
And round its fphere each friendly boon bellows. 
Exults to fee where focial blifs accords, 
Enjoys, to give what happinefs affords. 
Relieves that Hate whofe profperous weal is fled. 
And bounteoufty fupports the drooping head. 
When wants invade—and others fiiun the door 
Of thofe whole only blame is to be poor. 
Or health the cot of penury forfakes, 
It’s lacking then her gen’rous aid partakes, 
Yet ah, for Stella ! little pleafure lives, 
She needs that peace—fhe oft to others gives. Though blefs’d with worth as malice e’en allows. 
And Heav’n itfelf with approbation knows. 
But as thy hofts, oh Sorrow, on earth roam ! 
They prefs’d their force on her devoted doom. 
Long without joy—or confolation kind, 
Has dark fufpenfe o’erhung her tortur’d mind. 
Fainting beneath accumulated pain, 
From love difhonour’d—flighted with difdain. 
Let her fad hours before the mind appear ! 
Deprefs’d by anguifii—and each galling fear! 
Ye, who companion’s duflile heart fuftain ! 
To whom—like her—diftrefs ne’er fpoke in vain ; 
At Stella’s fate the human figh fliall move, 
And lift’ning forrow give her pity’s love. 
For her, the tear’s oblation not arreft ! 
For her, whom many pangs have long opprefs’d 
The Tear, foft ftream,—by Heav’n firft defign’d, 
To indicate the feelings of the mind I 
Thou glift’ning pendent, of the madid eye ! 
Companion of the thought-expiring figh ! 
What varied caufes give thy being place ? 
How multiplied on the mortal race 1 56 
Sprung from misfortune’s vaft imraenfity 
Of forms—or liveft with infirmity. 
Or from the impulfe of nice tendernefs, 
Art child of feeling—for unhappinefs. 
To thee ! the parting lover’s foul may fay ! 
When abfence bids him follow her lone way. 
Go from thy fource, and feck ray loved’s heart 
And there imprefs what lovers feel who part. 
To her, for me, a tendernefs convey. 
Or all I think—or language would difplay. 
But if fhe knows not—what is much my care 
Here reft with me, till folv’d in paffing air. 
The years of youth, which firft her love difclos’d, 
Guided by hope upon its arm repos’d : 
Was led to where each pain with life combin’d. 
Should mitigation and afliftance find. 
But thence, alas! fprung forth the blafts of fpoil. 
Which peace obfcure, and all its wifhes foil, 
Thence iflued difregard, unjuft mifchief, 
Taunting defpite, and each heart-piercing grief. 
Since with affefition, flew each happy day, 
When faults not fatisfa£lion could allay, Pieafures are for defpondent forrows chang'd, 
And time advances with each fweet derang’d: 
Thofe hours that were—fbr ever now are fled. 
And cruelty for tendernefs is flied. 
So life lags on, fcarce feparate from death. 
And rightly afks it with a willing breath. 
Of faithlefs love, the offspring is difdain. 
The fount of tortures to a lover’s pain. 
Malice and frigid looks, affe&ion’s foes. 
Combine to introduce a hoft of woes ; 
On innocence—the prey of bafe deceit; 
And all that hatred, can for love repeat. 
Thefe the fad wreck of promifes betroth’d. 
Her, once gay hours, with mifery have cloth’d. 
Could he, who firft her youthful bofom fir’d. 
With equal fervor could he be infpir’d ? 
No—not with him—could one true motive grow, 
As fhe with conftant heart was born to know* 
Or, if he felt affe&ion’s ties imprefs’d. 
Or aught flneere attached to his breaft, 
He quitted thefe—preicrib’d her wretched doom. 
When reafon, quell’d by error, was o’ercome. 62 
O Mifcreant! opprelled by defpair, 
What can, appropriate, thy pains impair! 
If fuch thou know’ft ! ’tis juft thou fbould’ft complain 
Of cheerlefs paffions-—in heart-rending ftrain ; 
VVhilft ev’ry pow’r of life and appetite, 
“ Diftblves in languor—-loft to real delight 
’Till fxnful knowledge, reparation give ; 
Juftice appeas’d—or mercy thence relieve. 
If e’er reflexion judgement fhall illume, 
And prefidency, confcience e’er alfume ; 
Horrific be its ftrength—on wounded thought : 
And with conviflion’s fulgid fpirit fraught. 
On him who Stella’s boundlefs favours blefs’d, 
By him in dull ingratitude poflefs’d. 
111-omen’d fate 1 dire inaufpicious day 1 
That knows a waning joy’s complete decay. 
Unprofp’rous moment! for a foul refin’d, 
To feel the injury of deeds unkind. 
Pitied be fuch ! whofe ever-faithful care, 
Or love-lorn beauties thanklefs man ftiould fhare. Such ills—her charms—oh let not long dejeft I 
Thou that canft purity in blifs proteft ! 
Thou that canft o’er the confcious mind inftil r 
Thofe gifts that fcreen a fuff’rer from all ill! 
What though infalt with frigid temper fhrouds 
Her joys—thy arm (hall diffipate thofe clouds! 
Shall give the unrepining vitlim peace, 
And fix her heart ferene in lading eafe. 
Shall raife true friends—and long their lives prolong, 
To aid the wife’s, and fpothe the children’s wrong. 
Felicity ! forfake not thou that heart, 
That feeks thy blifs to others to impart! 
How diftant, Expedition, are thy bounds! 
Vaft the extenfion that the realms furrounds 1 
Limits, which knowledge never can advene. 
Which yet explored—no human eye has feen. 
When led by thee, outftretch’d, the thought diftufe 
An endlefs region of delight can chufe. 
As when the am’rous paffion once imprefs’d, 
Dwells on thofe Tweets attainment ne’er poftefs’d. 
It rivets all the foul to one intent, 
And plaftic fways it to its fecret bent; Then wounds it laftly—never to be heal’d, 
Ere yet the barbed weapon is reveal’d. 
If difappointment, with its afpic fting, 
Its pangs inclement to the fenfes bring. 
Oh, Difappointment 1 harfh, and rigid law • 
Whofe punifhments upon the vitals gnaw. 
Thou (lern aflailant!—with misfortune’s knell, 
Canft gelid horror, on the thought impel. 
Is it from realms unknown, of filent death, 
Thou being draw’ll—and fended forth thy breath ? 
For fo thy pow’r to expectation feems, 
When thy refufal, on hope’s wilhes teems. 
Twin-form’d on earth, thy attributes appear. 
To kill thofe hopes—or quafh the mental fear. 
Thus—like an angel’s aid—thy deed fupplies 
That blifs—which doubt, and dimm’d fufpenfe, denies, 
When diffipating ev’ry dread portent, 
Thou changed chance, to certainty’s event. 
So bidding danger from its pod be led, 
And joyous life o’er mifery be fpread. 
A gift of Heaven—then, thy weal is fam’d, 
And thy annulling fway with praife is nam’d. Naked to view—-thou bring’ft illuflons veil’d, 
Which long from certainty remain’d conceal’d. 
Then vifion’d pleafure, like a phantom flies. 
And wrecked hope, a wretched fufFrer dies. 
A viflim to the arras of torture hurl’d, 
Unblefs’d and cheerlefs, waif’d to all the world. 
Without a fuccour from the rankling dart 
That in refle&ion penetrates the heart. 
Now pining Anguifh with its train of ills, 
Dull melancholy, and defpair inftils. 
Blighting with freezing breath, each fprightly fource, 
Which gives to energy its vital force. 
All a&ive fpirits fly—all joys decay, 
Dejefled fancy—wither’d, dies away. 
The languid health defcncelefsly expos’d, 
By cauftic woe is harrafs’d and inclos’d. 
Feebly oppos’d to foes—which thus invade. 
Is the too wretched and the guiltlefs maid. 
By multiplied, fecret pangs entwin’d, 
How chang’d, alas ! in body and in mind! 
Proftrate, yet breathing with unfullied fame. 
And loft to all but patient virtue’s name. 66 
Drifted, thus unrefifting, on a rock, 
A weak exiftent in misfortune’s flock. 
Whofe voice would praife with gratitude that Pow’r, 
That foon announc’d her laft approached hour. 
A life, of all its merits here how wrong’d I 
A life, but by Omnipotence prolong’d : 
A life, that cannot worldly heed carefs 
A fuff’rer, worthy of more happinefs. 
Child, not of hope! or of alluring wealth ! 
Of pleafure or of rofy vifag’d health! 
Low is thy dwelling—and obfcure thy name, 
Stranger alike to flattery and fame, 
A peaceful confcience, and contentment’s mind, 
Shall thee prepare to die—or live rcfign’d. 
Thefe fball be thine—ihall check the lengthen’d figb, 
And dry the tear that fills the fadden’d eye. 
The joys that duty has to love deny’d, 
May be by friendfhip’s willing hand fuppli’d. 
Who—when reposed on the faithful breaft, 
Shall guard thy days—and ftrive to give thee reft. 
’Till thy laft hour—thy due reward fliall bring 
A fadelefs hummer, and eternal fpring. 67 
Bui now the deep-ftruck bane, the ftrength degrades, 
Then all th’ accordant fympathies pervades ; 
The native beauties of the form alloys. 
And evVy aid reciprocal deftroys, 
Which health of mind with health of body gives, 
In that compaft where fanity but lives. 
That now devoted—no more this can fliield 
Both thus difpos’d—to morbid powers yield; 
To each attack—approximate, this bows, 
And paflive all the mental caule allows. 
Thus life but with a dying luftre fhines, 
Its languent ftrength—te with wafting forrow pines; 
“ Like fleecy fnow, that in the warmth of day, 
w In heaps diflblves before the folar ray.” 
From fuch a caufe, will patience ear refufe, 
I 
Whilft I again in lines elegiac mufe ? 
And feek remembrance of her, to redeem 
Who fwells the numbers, in the hedic theme. 
A virgin-conqueft of the Phthific foe. 
The prey of love, and love’s attendant woe. 
O may th’ attempt in language meet arife 1 
And not a fentient mind the lay defpife I 68 
Nor you, my friends, whofe fellowfhip accords 
With her’s, whofe wifties claim the triftful words ? 
Clara’s regard ’tis, makes the ftrong requeft, 
For her—deplored—gone to faintful reft. 
Whofe weary fpirit—feeking endlefs day, 
Where forrows (hall find reft—has wing’d its way. DESCRIPTIVE 
ELEGY. 
WHENCE is this found—lugubrious plaint, that Heals 
Upon my ear—and awfully affails 
The mind—as when a midnight breeze reveals. 
Fear ftriking tones to thought—on vagrant gales? 
That murm’ring through each folitary place, 
Detrufive flies—amidft the dark recefs, 
With vari’d progrefs, o’er the dreary fpace; 
Now languid—or now fonant of diftrefs. As through the cell, or vaulted ill it bounds, 
The caftle’s roof—or mofs-clad wafting walls 
OF ancient folitude—whence folemn founds, 
In notes are heard that gaiety appals. 
Or paffing through the antique fabled yew, 
That flowly in the ft lent church-yard waves; 
And fhades each tomb—our deftinies renew, 
The old companion of the mould’dng graves. 
Is it a breath—that has fome woe embrac’d, 
And bears fome ftory from the triftful grove ; 
Of fadden’d Cyprus—on the lift’ning trac’d ; 
Dolent with fighs of melancholic love ? 
Truly—and feeks, a painful talk to tell, 
As paTed lately o’er Eliza’s tomb; 
And brings her farewell—fpeaks the echo’d knell, 
Of rights funereal of her youthful doom. 
Here reft thy melfage—and thy deftin’d care, 
Nor bear fuch forrow to my Clara's mind ; 
And you—her friends ! nor yet the tale declare, 
Spare, and fhield off, each word with woe combin’d! Beware—to raife her pain! whofe thoughts vibrate 
In pity’s caufe—or each affeßing fcene i 
I dread the eonfliß—and eommiferate 
The anguifh fudden—which fhall fupervene. 
Yet—tenderly, the dol’rous fhock conceal. 
For well I know how were their hearts entwin'd 
In bonds of amity—4et time reveal! 
The fad recital—with each pain combin’d ! 
The lofs to her, redoubly fhall difclofe 
Each ingrate fenfe—which parted friendship knows j 
Shall pierce each effay, of a wifh’d repofe, 
And wreck the peace her prefent hope avows. 
From infant years their true regard I view, 
When each the other veiled with her thought j 
Such as young fancy undifguifed knew, 
And all the fire of pure aflfeßion taught. 
Jncreafing time, (till aided their efteem, 
With all the kind affociates of the breadj 
Flo cold referve could apathy there teem; 
Npr infincerity their thoughts inveft, 72 
How fhall thy fpiril, Clara! hear the words. 
Or view this relic of Eliza’s frame! 
The ringlet, deck’d as facred care affords; 
A wreath, in mem’ry of her hallow’d name I 
I would, from thee! e’er hide the mournful drain, 
But vainly its recital I repel i 
The voice of fame, no longer will refrain, 
It ever hades too foon our pains to tell. 
Too foon, alas! the whifper’d truth arrives, 
Which like the blow of fate diffolves the breath f 
Its harfh affault, her prefent grief deprives, 
She finks—oblivious—in a femblant death. 
The eyes, now motionlefs, their luftrelofe, 
Cold—fpiritlefs—the limbs extended lay ; 
And from the cheeks quick flies the tinging rofe ; 
The vital dream foregoes its courfe to play. 
Then on a flipp’ry and unftable verge, 
Life feebly held—a parting feem'd to crave; 
The floating fpirits—tendent deathward urge, 
To wing their way to Lethe’s fdent wave. Inert feems friendfhip’s art, and willing balm. 
To (tern the powers of the potent grief; 
Whilft pity vainly feeks the gulls to calm, 
For, ah ! the feelings fhrink from its relief. 
Oft’ from its dormant date the brain awakes. 
Weak utt’ranee only fpeaks the tortur’d mind, 
In abrupt fighs—(convuls’d each part partakes) 
And murmurs mingled of death’s deed unkind. 
In grids of tears th’ impelled powers rouz’d. 
Excite th’ infenfile frame from dormant fhades; 
Where, had the faculties awhile repos'd: 
And life through each meand’ring way pervades. 
Yet dill refleflion tridfully remains, 
The lernan ill, firm to the wound adheres; 
With all its mondrous hydra headed pains; 
An fhatter’d drength dejefledly appears. 
Now in fufpirious date the fenfes hade, 
To view the a&ions of the paded years; 
When youth its joys, did unalloy’d tade : 
Nor thought knew forrow—-or a fhade of fears. With languid voice—thus Clara’s words retrace 
Pafs’d abfent blifs—* Ye dear delights adieu ! 
4 Which all my future days fhall not deface ; 
4Ye fweets farewell! I with Eliza knew! 
4 Lead me, oh memory ! to Ebora’s plains, 
4 Where firft our fon of amity arofe i 
4 Its pure impreflions, flill this heart retains j 
4 Though death has fix’d it by thy laft repofe. 
4 Thy wit, good-humour, and thy lively cafe, 
4 And all thy mental charrns I much rever’d $ 
6 Form’d with each focial grace, and gift to pleafe ; 
4 Thy heart to me of fpotlefs hue appear’d. 
4 Oft’ when thou didft the tyrant pain difclofe, 
4 Afflifted by parental will, unkind, 
4 Thy love with me but, dar’d its thoughts repofe, 
4 And the true caufe for which thy health repin’d. 
4 With fear foreboding ill, I heard thy plaint, 
4 Studi’d thy comfort with all careful aid; 
4 But foe to this, the foul corroding taint 
4 Would flill with conftant war thy peace invade. 75 
6 So gives the duftile fway, the fubtile fire ; 
4 So the envenom’d dart the life demands ; 
44 Round the pale bofom plays the young defire, 
44 And flow confuming”—thro’ the frame expands. 
« Alas ! when rigour’s laws, our hearts reprove, 
4 And thus fidelity’s true blifs control, 
4 Defponding, forlorn, unpropitious love, 
4 Unnerves the body, but enchains the foul. 
4 No balm of peace—the ceafelefs rack illumes, 
« No beam of gladnefs on the wifhes fhines ; 
4 In conftant vigil, care the health confumes, 
4 And ling’ring death around the life entwines. 
4 A kindly death !—when ev’ry promis’d joy, 
‘ And former profpefl, finks in harfh difeafe ; 
« Come, Innocence ! thy cordials employ ! 
6 And lead the viSirns hence to endlefs eafe ? 
4 Deplor’d Eliza ! can e’er aught remove 
4 My priz’d remembrance !—no—we cannot part; 
4 I’ll live to praife—regret—thy faithful love. 
4 Till deftin’d hence, I meet again thy heart.” GENERAL ANALYSIS 
OF PART THE, 
FOURTH. 
Arrival at the acme of youths what dangers are then 
pendent, reftridion of the growth of the hody, and zvhat 
eft eels may happen from fome caufes, before the balance be- 
tween the powers of extention and refinance is eftablifhed. 
—Dancing mentioned, it's afeendancy, univerfality, and 
exhilcrating effects.—Admirable beauties, good qualities9 
and accomplijhments of Laura delineated.—Zara's cha- 
and excellencies.—The meritorious praife of 
Matilda, good wi/hes, grateful recollection of enjoyment.— 
With whom dancing raft accords, cautions for its life.— 
Further advice commendatory of moderation5 the 
avoiding of certain errors—attention to the dictates of 
nature enforced.—Night fitly appropriated for reft, its 
fway allures thereto,—Anaddrefs to evening—Continua- 
tion of it, effects experienced5 the indulgence of meditation 
at that time.—Moonlight, its reign praifed, contemplative 
fenfations and pleafures experienced by it,—Retirement 77 
in advanced nighty fentiments, vifionary pleafures in fleep. 
Morning how welcom'dt a defire>—Equal thankful- 
nefs offered to morn, as at night, # fuppliant requeji.—An 
early excursion at Rockley, defcriptive attempt, the [port- 
mans departure andfuccefs.— ffepherd's flock driven 
from the fold.—Barrows, little alteration made in 
them ly time, comparatively mentioned, Barburfs en- 
trenchment—Stoney maffes, the difpofal of their arrange- 
ment in the place alluded to, giving reafon to imagine they 
were formerly artificially fited for druidi cal purpofes, that 
fate compared with their prefent-Safety recommended 
to females, by their right obfervance of nature, and adher- 
ence to her requiftions.—Acts of the weak, often impelled 
by forcible inclination, contrary to reafon and rectitude, 
efeeds from elated minds, and exertion of body.—En- 
ihufiafm, its powers, dangerous confequences undreaded, 
may take place from the immoderate purfuit of enjoyment, 
attendants on excefs in the peculiar and particular pre- 
dicament pourl rayed, a caufe interrupting health, rafhly 
provoked, event.—The fate of errors.—Further effebts 
and fymptoms introduced, tendent to hectic or febrile fate, 
certain afflictions and the flages of hectic Paroxyfn de- 
feribed, progrefs of figns and difeafe, intermiffion and re, 
turn of Paroxiftn.—Increafmg alarms, further appear• 78 
anas.—Continuance of dijlrejs and danger, augmentation 
of Phthifis—fhe lingering advancement of calamities, 
frailty and decay, throughout thefe the power of hope.— 
Emaciation, fixed prognoftics, indications, from the afpedt 
and whole body, of approaching fate.—What formerly 
may have pleafed the eye and imagination, and which 
might afford fatisfadiion to the obfervation of the health 
fill, fupplies nofource of enjoyment to the wearied, fuf- 
fering and defpairing patient.—Refignation, death ar- 
rives not too early for the relief, and felicity of mortality 
from a wretched and life off idled fate, willing compliance 
with the exitial demand. PHTHISIOLOGIA. 
PART IV. 
NOW youth, by time, led forward on life’s way, 
Difplays th’ appointed acme of its day; 
And brings the fyftem to that ordinance, 
From which th’ elaftic tubes no more advance. 
When no more yielding to the pul file force, 
Thev bear extenfion, by the fanguine courfe, 
Then, unfufpe&ed may a caufe arife, 
To give to predifpos’d difeafe fupplies. 
When fickle health might need fiich kind recruit. 
To raife the germen to inaturer fruit. Bat near to health is morbid ill alli’d, 
And flight the fence that does the ftate divide. 
If heedlefsly, or rafhly in a fafl, 
Born by the torrent of wild pleafure’s a£l 
The mind beyond the body’s powers bold, 
Difdains a rein, and ranges uncontroul’d. 
If ardent exercife, oft doom’d to blame. 
Awakes the danger of the tendent flame, 
If wanton fpurrings urge the crimfon’d tide, 
The rules of prudent caution to deride. 
Then, fiercely gliding in its flrifl domain, 
Refilling bonds the current may reftrain, 
In flurdy veffels'—whofe eflablifh’d fate, 
For the exub’rant flux no more dilate. 
Whilfl nought the heart’s impulfive force revokes, 
Urging the blood with fwift fucceffive ftrokes. 
I 
Augmenting conteft, oppofition brings, 
Whence fatal evil from the rupture fprings, 
Of the minute, confin’d arterial length ; 
To furnifh future pains for lavifh’d ftrength. 
Greatly, as fome obferve, if heat fucceeds, 
With pow’r expanfile, after winter’s deeds. The dance—the giddy {pints much incites," 
Allures the wifhes by its gay delights, 
Eniiv’ning joy ! that nations all revere, 
That lives the friend of mirth in ev’ry fphere ! 
That univerfally the mind has fir’d. 
As if, by nature’s free command infpir’d. 
In jocund mood—when being firft fire fram’d. 
Vivacious tendency in mortals nam’d. 
The lufory of fancy’s light-ftepp’d heed, 
When health and vigour animate the deed. 
And joyous mufic adds it’s fprightly fhare, 
To glad the heart, and tread on penfive care. 
To aftuate the body’s energy, 
Advance its life, and fhew its liberty. 
The fway of torpid dulnefs to elude, 
And wanton in capricious attitude. 
Or playful aft—in airy mode arrang’d, 
By lively judgment’s votive wifhes chang’d. 
To bid the agile limbs their gifts devote, 
And vari’d motions gracefully denote. 
To pleafe the eye, to captivate the mind, 
And fhew each trait with winning eafe combin’d See ! Laura thus, the fafhion’d figure trace, 
And thou fhalt fee the charms of ev’ry grace. 
Whofe bright attractions pleafure fhall impart, 
And fix a wonder on the captive heart. 
Obferve her manners, and her mein furvey ! 
And thou (halt own admiring fancy’s fway. 
See the expreflive powers of her eyes, 
And thou fhalt know what utterance defies. 
Could’ft thou too, fee the beauties of her mind, 
Thou then wouldft know what Heav’n complete 
defign’d, 
Where e’er fhe moves, her prefence can enhance, 
Each joy experienc’d in the cheerful dance. 
When fhe retreats, fhe leaves a juft delight, 
Which each one treafures in the mental fight, 
Fix’d in the hoard of nurtur’d mem’ry’s ftore, 
Which time reviews, and {till admires the more, 
For when departed from the bufy crowd. 
I’ve heard her prais’d, in truths which all allow’d, 
Yet, though fuch tranfports Laura may infpire, 
Zara has charms, which rightly all admire. 
Her welcome converfe can each friend fupply, 
And teach the moments happily to fly. To her, attention, finding hearing lends, 
And with efteem to Tweet inftruflion bends. 
Aonian (trains, wak’d by her touch vibrate, 
To raife our blifs, or forrows diffipate. 
When dulci-fonant from the fmitten chord, 
Arife thofe pleafures mufic can afford. 
Or, when in tuneful fong, fhe fwells her voice. 
Mortals may love, and Heav’n commend their choice 
Prais’d be the Pow’r ! that harmony inverts, 
Which by the ear, the captive heart arrefts.— 
Happy rnuft he be, boundlefs fwcets him blefs ! 
Who Thai] her love with equal love carefs. 
To him, a defart, paradife might be. 
And teem abundant with felicity. 
Unkindly, favage manners might give way, 
To own the favor of her gentle fway. 
Her foothing mildnefs, and her art to pleafe, 
Each adverfe trouble would annul with eafe. 
Her gladfome means would calm the rugged will, 
And fmiles fpread o’er the brow of rugged ill. 
I would arraign too, here, more words thus due, 
Few are their train—tho’ fpeaking much that’s true. 84 
Deck’d in integrity’s pure robes my lays. 
Would give Matilda’s worth approval’s praife. 
No ftudied language—Mule ! need be thy care, 
If but the fruits of knowledge it declare. 
Through day’s affembled in fpring-youth’s gay train, 
I’ve known her, lovely—friendly—and humane. 
And in maturer fummer’s brighter years, 
The dut’ous child that aged need now cheers. 
Still the warm patron of benevolence, 
Difciple prudent—of her guide—Good fenfe. 
For her—oh, could my willies long inft.il '■ 
What but Omnipotence can here fulfd ! 
They fhould for her, a daily grateful lhare, 
OF pleafure and felicity prepare. 
Time fnould long hover on a tardy wing. 
While plenty fhould for her its bleffings bring. 
All grateful health, adminifter to cafe, 
And peace reward her with thofe fweets which pleafe. 
Whilft far from her, hours, Hill with me commence, 
Which may to me, her converfe not difpenfe. 
I’ll recollefl, with folace to my mind, 
That former time has to my life been kind. 
When thought, with gratitude fhall often own, 
The lot I’ve had, that I to her was known. Joy to thy rural form! thy lonely feat. 
Begirt with hills, within the vale’s retreat [ 
Oft for thee, Villa, fhall my wifhes fay, 
And nature’s bounties blefs the night and day ; 
For there Matilda dwells—and there divulg’d, 
O * 
To me, has been much focial good indulg’d. 
Chorea’s fports moll with young health accord, 
When gen’rous ftrength can rich fupplies afford 
Which ev’ry lively property impart, 
To aid the abtivenefs of youthful art. 
But ah! be cautious—ye, who much devife ! 
The frequent moments of this exercife, 
Ye vent’rous many who the wifh avow. 
With prudence learn its pleafures to allow ! 
The ftrongeft cannot long excefs endure. 
Nor freedom from its dire effebls enfure, 
Thofe future pains, which from indulgence fpring. 
And long your hours with laffitude may fting. 
But chiefly, you ! who need important care, 
The balm of vigour, molt with wifdom (hare! 
Ye fair ! for whom I tempt the arduous fong, 
Never the luring paftime much prolong! 86 
With temperance indulge the appetite, 
And tafte in moderation each delight. 
Let not the prefent time be ever cloy'd ! 
Nor future, with repentant thought alloy’d ! 
May lax fatigue ne’er fpeak the fad expence, 
Which tells the wafte of life-fuftaining fenfe! 
Let not by pond’rous ill, the frame unnerv’d, 
Accufe—that reafon has from juftice fwerv’d ! 
Ne’er with the lateft hour, and night’s dark fway, 
Wafte your fupport—the need of coming day ! 
Let not the warning harbinger of morn, 
Obferve the vifage of a form forlorn! 
Or nature’s children on your fports awoke, 
Know errors which may fober blame provoke! 
Let them not witnefs what Ihould be repos’d, 
Long, ere the wakeful dawning is difclos’d ! 
They rife refrefh’d, and leave the fop’rous bed, 
By morn and health, companions blithe, forth led. 
Whilft you thofe fweets, by heedlefs means dived, 
And lilllefs difcontent—eftrang’d to reft. 
Who feek the favours of right health and wit, 
Muft to the voice of nature’s call fubmit. But if you flight her, vainly may you woo. 
For her attendance, when your wifhes fue. 
Expeft not downy cafe fliall be allow’d, 
But, as you her difciples, are avow’d. 
Ye 1 who would “ hope to guide your courfe aright, 
il Go, feek when (hade proclaims the middle night, 
u The houfe of fleep”—-there may you comfort find, 
In reft of body—and repofe of mind. 
Give fleep to night—and vivify by day, 
Is what creation’s good examples, fay, 
When fhades defcend—and darknefs on this world 
As from the realms of Erebus is hurl’d, 
One gen’ral fenfe all nature would infpire. 
And fhed around fomniferous defire. 
Tranquility, with night, in fables dwells, 
And to the frame fleep’s peaceful meflage tells. 
Allures the mind its lofs to renovate, 
And for the light frefli a&ion to create. 
Thou faint-ey’d light! to lovely Venus dear, 
Delightfome ev’ning ! thy dim garb I cheer! 
Advanced image of approaching night, 
In whom the feffile limbs of toil delight! 
* See Greek Idyl. 88 
Soft fober twilight! nurfe of tender thought! 
With gentle, dewy, fertile bleffings fraught! 
With thee ! nor orb of day or night I want, 
Nor would I on the ftarry gems defcant. 
For with thy fhades I often flowly tread, 
And humble pleafures in thy afpeft read. 
Thou folemn feafon ! on thy dufky wing, 
Repofe, and filcnce ever with thee bring ! 
Whether bright luna, or the ftar of love, 
Watch rofeid plains—or unfeen by us, move ! 
With thee, the clouds hang ’midft the mantle grey, 
Ere other orbs beftow a friendly ray. 
When brighter light retreats from our domain. 
And lengthen’d fhadows ftretch acrofs the plain. 
Reafon then flumb’ring on the mental throne, 
Awaking fancy gilds each feene alone. 
Whilft on the breezes, whifp’ring notes, now fteal. 
Like diftant foundings of the fea’s appeal. 
As fiercely on the rocky fhore it laves, 
And fpreads the murmurs of its dafhing waves. 
Like mingled voices, which from towns refound. 
Where commerce and the noify arts abound. 89 
Oft have I hail’d thy viftonary hour, 
Its magic reign, and right of mimic pow’r. 
Oft, have I prais’d, thy pure and Toothing fway, 
More pleas’d by it, than with the charms of day. 
Oft as the bufy world from toil retires, 
Shall minds like mine, with thee calm their defires. 
Court thy wan light—now heeding day no more, 
Whilft pleas’rous vot’ries crowded haunts explore. 
Far I, from thefe—more happily have ftray’d, 
And thought true peace the tenant of the fhadc. 
Or, when the moon, high thron’d in cloudlefs flues. 
When nought, a vapour, dew or mift fupplies, 
To veil her albid beauties from the fight, 
Shines the refplendant luminant of night. 
Pleas’d have I view’d her mild and tranquil beam, 
On mountain reft—or tremble on the ftream. 
My foul then calm—feem’d like the feafon fair. 
Releas'd from pain, and ev’ry mortal care. 
How folac’d then, has been my folemn heart, 
By fweets which modeft ev’ning could impart, 
Kind miftrefs of night’s hours ! thy humble ray 
Attends the traveler, on hisday-fpent way; When weari’d nature feeks her due repofe ; 
And leaves thy gleam each objefl to difclofe. 
Whilft the fweet fongfter of the umbrofe night, 
Breaks the wide lilence that invefts the night. 
Deep hid, fhe warbles, from the fecret grove, 
And cheers the fteps that with her vigils rove. 
But when obfcur’d, the fading fhadows flee, 
Warned, by night! I feek my couch with thee. 
Giving to Him, to whom for reft I fue. 
That gratitude, which, is alone his due, 
I quit, for fleep, my half unfinifh’d theme, 
With hopes to meet thee, Clara ! in a dream. 
Ye fprites ! with fairy wing to me approach ! 
And waft me by your aid to Clara’s couch ! 
I hafte to meet her, in the airy view, 
Till day fhall bid me wonted tafks renew. 
Now, gone, the nightly hours, with moments fleet, 
With morn once more, I live my love to greet. 
The day again, for her my care invites, 
And thus affedlion for it’s Clara writes : 
O may unnumber’d days refrefli my eyes! 
With looks on Clara, happily to rife! 91 
’Tis but for that, I moflly life requeft, 
Depriv’d of that—l bow to Heaven’s belief! ! 
As feeking deep—l court the godhead’s aid, 
In quiet mood—whilft lafts the nightly (bade. 
With early dawn, fo would I wifh to rife, 
And waft a grateful prayer to the fkies. 
Thanking the Parent of fair health and day, 
With joy I view the fun’s firft riling ray. 
1 ever would thus, and have oft, thus rofe, 
And left fatigue the conqueft of repofe. 
Hailing the fplendour that brings forth the morn, 
And bids fair hope ah nature’s face adorn. 
Where’er my limbs may kindly thus recline, 
May welcome the protecting hand divine, 
Shall my oraifons—ever fo be rais’d ; 
And blifs, and plenty’s donor, ever prais’d ! 
May forrows not the courfe of light attend ! 
But peace the maniion I dwell in, append! 
May fweet content! may health ! may folid joy ! 
The hours of its inhabitants employ! 
So pray’d my heart—when with the early dawn, 
My footfteps led me thro’ the grafly lawn. 92 
To where the Downs’ ftiort herbed turf extends, 
Which hills and vales conne6led, comprehends. 
O erlooking thofe domains, more richly crown’d, 
Which tranquil Rockley’s villag’d man lions bound. 
Where, artful care thy rural feat has deck’d, 
T’ impofe the hand of nature, and proteft. 
What vari’d thoughts my mufing bofom fill ! 
Afcending, and whilft on the neighb’ring hill ! 
From whence bewild’ring fcenes divert the eye, 
In limits, that the vifion’d pow’rs defy. 
Which wand’ring round—each objefl to purfue, 
At hand now refts, or on the diftant view. 
The clouds from off the horizon arife, 
Difpers’d by fol, now feek the far-fpread (kies. 
Upon the wings of air they take a flight, 
And leave the hills they relied on through night. 
The valli’d milts too, like a fea wide fpread, 
Now halle to leave their lowly, filent bed. 
Aurora opens now, the heavenly gates, 
And forth the rapid Heeds of fun elates. 
In vari’d tints light’s beams reflected play, 
And finding, introduce the fplendid day. 
Forth from his dome the eager fportfman ftrays, 
Whilft pleas'd, around, each well train’ddog, him, plays. 93 
Him, from whofe bitub’d gun’s unerring aim, 
The winged tribe no life’s efcape can claim. 
Around the ripen’d gifts of Ceres rife, 
In joyous plenty of the year’s fupplies. 
A numerous (lock—with twitt’rings feek to (hare, 
Their claim’d proportion of autumnal fare. 
And now begins the labour of the fwain, 
To homeward lead the produce of the plain. 
The torpid fhepherd, bred to hardy fare, 
Leads forth his feeding, flowly wand’ring care. 
Whilft watchful, near, his drift companion lies, 
Or, as his meffage bids, obed’ent flies. 
The willing dog—whofe heedful aft commands, 
All, that his Mailer’s words, or look demands. 
Whofe daily work, diflinguifh’d by light deeds, 
But little with variety fuccecds. 
Where, on the graffy turf his flock he leads, 
There, where, hisfleps in tboughtlefs mood now treads, 
Far other afts, in pafifed years were fam’d ; 
By others trod, in martial numbers nam’d. 
There, on the plain, now Hands each circled bed,* 
Where deep the relics of the honour’d dead. 
* Barrows, 94 
There, all that now remains of them, refides. 
Yet undifturb’d, in reft fepultur’d ’bides. 
Far hence removed from annals that can tra£e, 
Traits—that denote them, of the brave or bafc. 
Perhaps opponents of fome hoftile band, 
That rear’d their banners on yond’ entrench’d land*- 
Where further from the view remotely plac’d, 
The works of ancient pow’r, and art, are trac’d. 
Whilft gaudy monuments in work fublime. 
Have moulder’d vi&ims of confirming time, 
Thofe tombs remaining hoftile to decay, 
Have ages brav’d , and ev’ry boift’rous day. 
Far, in the weftern vale’s retir’d retreat, 
Where, hence, the eye not penetrates their feat, 
Thofe faxile maffes—in mofs colour rude. 
Upon the earth—in rugged form intrude. 
Now in a mode irregular, difplay’d, 
Or, as by rules of antique will array’d. 
When fuperftition’s dark myfter’ous night, 
On ignorance, fpread forth the pagan rite. 
A fpot that, fit, their doflrines to inftil, 
When fhading trees, o’er grew each neigh’bring hill. 
* Barbury (caftlej fo called. Where wond’ring awe might aptly contemplate, 
The prieftly knowledge of the ways of fate. 
Whilft from the altar’d-rocks, expands a beam, 
Which from the fire of fanßity wou’d gleam. 
And through each avenue fhoots forth a ray, 
Where near them, (hone, the brighter god of day. 
Ye piles obdurate ! whence your former birth? 
Now finking to the manfions of the earth. 
Your weather-beaten forms now lowly rife, 
To meet, fcarce chang’d, the blafts of many (kies. 
Whilft round your hallow’d feat, the fhepherd’s heed, 
The fparing herbage ruminating feed. 
Or, on your confines, now, the plough and fpade 
By culture’s hands upon your fite invade. 
No precepts of tradition hence arife, 
Nor prefage drawn from well wrought facrifice. 
Which Druid’ minds in cunning forms fuppof’d, 
And to the weak in myftic fenfe difclos’d. 
Around you hovers oft’ the preying bird, 
Or the hoarfe raven, on you perch’d, is heard. 
The rook induftr’ous, in his daily ways, 
Oft’ midft your lone, and quiet precinßs ftrays. 
And near you, oft,’ the vagrant fwallow hies, 
Whilft fleeting far, purfuing food he flies. 96 
Though now, nor yet, companion of thefe lands 
His wants, his (lay, Wilthona’s bounds demands. 
Avoid, ye fair ! with thoughful prudence paufe, 
Ere yet fubje&ed to—a baneful caufe. 
Which fofters ficknefs—fhun the morbid fnare ! 
Which tempts to danger, follow nature’s care. 
She (miles to fee her childrens happinefs, 
And find her rules of health, blefs’d with fuccefs. 
Caft round your eyes—and let creation fpeak, 
Then blufh to find your fortitude oft’ weak. 
See, you ! alham’d !—the rudefh creature wife, 
Whilft you their juft example oft’ defpife. 
They, following the laws of wifdom’s plan, 
Excel their titled king—vain fickle man. 
See, the frail maid—who fcarcely dares to trv, 
The rights of exercife, beneath our Iky, 
Or feel a breeze—yet, let th’ illumin’d hall 
Befpeak amuiements—or the nightly ball. 
All tendent dangers willing, (he defies; 
And not a wilh—as ought to be—denies. 
At morn, the night’s lov’d aufpices, feem far, 
The day, too (lowly, lingers on his car, 97 
To bring th’ affemblage, that fhe wou’d behold, 
In each excels—by fafhion’s modes extoll’d. 
In toil rejoicing, bound in cuftom’s chain, 
Such as from which, confid’rate minds refrain. 
Elate, and fluftied, with imagin’d glee, 
She bids her fervor in extremes be free 
With gay emotion—whilft each tranfport grows, 
Beats in the pulfe, or on the vifage glows. 
Quick from the breaft the heaved gales arife, 
And panting refpiration—quick’ned flies. 
No fuppofition now the minds alarms. 
Loft, in pofleffion of its’ prefent charms. 
Now is the rafh imagination blaz’d, 
As on ideas’ lofty fummit rais’d. 
That fubtle fpirit, which enflames the will, 
And bids the mind it’s phrenzi’d thoughts fulfil. 
Enthuftafm ! no rigid maxims dreads, 
But ardour over every effort fpreads. 
Impreflion ! that the youthful mind receives, 
And with the heart of liberty, but lives. 
Flame of Genius! from the realms fublime. 
That lives with early years—and fades with time 
Infpir’d by thee! the eager foul difdains. 
The confcious whifp’rings of enfuing pains. 98 
No fears attack, fufpicion nought avails, 
Till fad experience the mind aflails. 
As—fhou’d, thus hurri’d, in this praflice bold, 
An adverfe fenfe it’s potent force unfold. 
Shou’d night’s fell damp, or cold depreffing breeze. 
The heated viflim in her vent’rings feize. 
The fudden ftroke, in ev’ry mifchief rife. 
Repels the vigour aeftuant of life. 
Then fhrinks the vapour that the furface guards, 
And rapidly, flies to the inmoll wards. 
The pores declare the errors of excels, 
And clofe, in witnefs, of the fad recefs. 
Excefs! joint compafl, of intemp’rate mood, 
The foe of cafe, and ev’ry placid good. 
The friend of languor, and its tyrant fway, 
Which, all debility’s frail tribe obey. 
With blameful habits, hand in hand, it treads, 
And to the goal of difappointment leads. 
Delulive joys 1 high rail ’d on pleafure's brink, 
Ye foar awhile—and then to forrow fink. 
Fatal extreme I—what fhall the deed appeafe, 
But the dire fymptoms of a cauf’d difeafe. 
Henceforth, it Heals upon the languid health, 
And routs its wholefome laws, by certain Health, 99 
The hopeful fource of happinefs, is quell’d, 
And all it’s falutary aims expell’d. 
So, wounded, falls, what expectation view’d. 
As by a filing conq’ring foe fubdu’d. 
Such, hafty errors—thoughtlefsly oft’ met, 
Some have remembered with long regret. 
With tears repentant, blam’d th’incautious fault, 
Which doom’d their early years to Death’s alfault. 
Contefting in a painful dang’rous war, 
With Pneumony—or weeping harfh Catarrh. 
Whofe fymptoms, pendent on afflicted fenfe, 
Aroufe—and bid a foe, it’s deeds commence. 
When feizing on a Phthific form detail’d, 
And difpofition on that race email’d. 
Hereditary progeny ’fore nam’d, 
Gf Stamina peculiarly fram’d. 
Thus unprotected—vainly, oft’ oppof’d, 
The paths of injury are hence difclos’d. 
Dreadful Hoemoptyfis—and febrile train, 
Are baneful leaders to enfuing pain. 
In feeble form, and rutile vifag’d hue, 
Whofe conflicts, refpiration, wou’d fubdue. Conftant in urgings, on the lungs imprefs’d, 
With teizing cough—the enemy of reft. 
Burfting the bonds which vital ftreams attire, 
Augmenting ills, with inflammation dire. 
Till defp’rate tokens of the he£lic tribe, 
Their certain traits, upon the frame infcribe. 
Not e’er beheld, but with a fear forlorn, 
Though oft’ with all it’s flattering wiles long born 
Now burning with Pyrexia’s alarm, 
Now temp’rate, bidding hope it’s nurftling charm. 
Seeming to woo with convalefcent face, 
Whilft leading on to death, with certain pace. 
Now with conftringing frigid touch it fhakes, 
The pallid frame, which lethal fenfe partakes. 
Then, calid, with the nightly fhade it treads, 
And anxious tumults o’er the fuff’rer fpreads. 
Triumphant now each paroxyfm aflails, 
With thirfty parchings that no aid avails. 
Throughout the looks, the pulfe, the tyrant reigns* 
That binds the fev’rifh vidiim in its chains. 
Whofe triftful feelings, every day intrude, 
Form’d by the finger of inquietude. 
Each funflion is difturb’d, which health ordains, 
And unappeas’d impediments retains. Scarcely does morn enjoy a kind relief. 
Though flatter’d with a wifh’d quiefcence—brief. 
The morn, that fprings with joy, upon health’s ftore. 
Thy profpe&s, fcarcely, dare in thought implore. 
To languifh in a madid dewy bath, 
Pour’d by the efflux of each porous path. 
Vainly, now, calmnefs, can the day receive, 
Though cheer’d by apyrexia’s reprieve. 
Kind internal! but with infidious fmiles I 
Which leads to ruin—whilft its eafe beguiles. 
Scarce known or felt, fo as to be enjoy’d, 
Ere foon again, its fweets are all alloy’d. 
Exacerbations, count again the fcenes. 
And daily doom, to former, fupervenes. 
Thus miferies in morbid fliape rotate, 
And harmonize ftri£l’ with tIT eventful ftate. 
A fontful fource, which life cannot divert. 
Fix'd, tyrannizes in the dolent chert. 
Rules in the lungs with grafp of might, intenfe, 
And iffues fanguine-fputed purulence. 
In pantings frequent—coughs’ dirtreffing length, 
Malific to the toiling, fainting ftrength. 
Doom’d to its goal, by long, and flow decay, 
To unrepell’d affaults, a waning prey, 102 
With voice raucidinous, and finking breath, 
So winds along, the ftream of life, to death. 
And num’rous more evinced fad effects, 
The mufe, ineffable, not here clefts. 
Calamity ! what, tokens yet fucceed ! 
To trace the mifchief of the morbid deed. 
The fault’ring corpfe, is led by certain force. 
In ling’ring progrefs on its deftin’d courfe. 
A dying lambent flame—fo life departs, 
Averfe to fuflenance by medic’ arts. 
To its lad ebb, now gliding with decay. 
The fpark now glimmers it’s fupport away. 
Fix’d in defpair—yet hope ftill animates, 
And foothing confidence in aid creates. 
The drooping frame to raife—that friend contends, 
Like as the trembling drop that yet appends, 
Shook by the gales—that palling by it, flit; 
Unwilling (fill, its tender hold to quit. 
Proud fon of Phcebus! canft thou item the ill, 
With all thy boafted implements or fldll ? 
<s Or ail thy well cramm’d magazines of health ?” 
Beftow them here—and crown thyfelf with wealth. 103 
Deflower’d figure ! wreck’d remains, how Frail I 
What thoughts or care, can now thy life avail ! 
Weak fkeleton ! of what thy kindred knew, 
And lov’d—and what the world cou’d pleafed view. 
And viewing love—and e’er the pleafure own, 
To love thee more, the more, and truly known, 
I fee thy tabid ftate—emaciate fhade! 
Purfu’d by death—whofe (hafts thy life pervade. 
Thy harafs’d breath—and ev’ry fymptom fell, 
Effefls how doleful! which denote thy knell. 
Each known prognoflic, in its full extent, 
Prefages fure th’ approaching fad event, 
Cadav’rous looks, o’er all thy former, rife, 
Sunk cheeks—deep hollow orbs—and vapid eyes. 
Where life but hovers—deftitute of eafe, 
And feems to look for kind, and quick relcafe. 
For life alas ! no joys for thee retains, 
Whilft deftitute—thus vital health remains. 
Autumn’s rich, mellow tints, or fummer’s charm, 
May pleafe—and much the healthful bofom warm. 
With morning’s dewy feet, enliv’ning fpring, 
May ftores of gayeft bloom, or plenty bring. 
Or blafting Winter, rife with rugged pow’r, 
Whilft focial pleafures blefs the ev’nings hour. 104 
But not for thee—comes autumn’s vari’d die. 
Nor fmile the fruits of earth—nor fhines the fky. 
No more can fpring thy blighted hopes rellore, 
Or fummer’s fplendour—give it’s bounties more* 
Not cheered by the bright-rais’d, folar ray, 
Expanding flow’rs fhall deck for thee, the day. 
The light that glads each herb or leafy tree, 
Beams but a joylefs influence on thee. 
Nor can the gay, domeftic circle prove, 
Thy eafe—nor hence, thy morbid hours remove. 
Far—far—beyond the reach of human art, 
Lie the fore wounds, which now their woes impart. 
Scarce can the opiate’s aid, with lulling pow’r, 
Beguile the vigils of each night’s long hour. 
For fenfe, and mem’ry, ftill thofe pains avow, 
Which cancels fleep—nor fcarce relief can know. 
The tender cares, the relatives of life, 
That foothe in youth, the daughter, or the wife, 
By death’s cold hand, {hall be relentlefs torn, 
Nor fhall the feafon of thy years adorn. 
The wreathe of hope, fo fair, by fancy wove, 
By friendfhip fofter’d, and compof’d by love, 
Deftroyed in misfortune’s baleful doom, 
Here, with thy expe&ations ne’er fhall bloom. 105 
No eftay, now, the ultimate defeats, 
Th’ expiring mortal, willingly retreats. 
c; Taught half by reafon, half by mere decay, 
6i To welcome death, and calmly pafs away.” 
In virtue, yet unftain’d, the mind fubmits, 
Refign’d—this palling world, in peace it quits. 
The heart ftill fentient of impreffed thought. 
Rich is, with goodly expectation fraught. 
It’s vivid fentiment does not abfcond, 
Though ftill the habitant of frailty’s bond. 
Without regret, it yields it’s mortal breath. 
And fmiles with reafon, in a friendly death. 
For confcious innocence, all fears difpels, 
And ev’ry doubt of future bleffings quells. 
Whilft the tongue fauk’ring, fcarce’ to found gives 
birth, 
As vifion fades, upon the orb of earth. 
The low figh’d whifper, feems a wifh to tell. 
That breathes to all—here left, a laft Farewell. 
THE END. 7 
ERRATA 
IN THE POEM. 
Page 
Line 
5 11 fnr admired read admir'd 
13 S food read good 
17 J5 —Mh r£adJighs 
29 2 in Poeonians delete s 
31 8 for need read meed 
37 21 varied read vari'd 
39 22 add ’to thoughts and delete the fequent comma after it 
3 jway read fay 
43 I 6 refpird read refpired 
45 6 of the note for nox read mo* 
53 1 to read fo 
54 4 cr read but 
5& 22 after fatisfaSion infert a comma 
62 3 for kntyw'jl read 
63 14 //fee realms read //fey 
15 which read where, 
16 explored read explor'd 
65 10 after defpair infert a comma 
s I for unfullied read uttfulli'd 
73 16 read 
19 unalloy'd read unalloyed 
77 24 »»n Paroxifm inferty 
83 19 rugged read fraward 
84 3 fiudied read jiudi'd 
87 J5 fables read fable 
9® 6 for impofe read improve 
95 3 in rocks delete r 
97 11 in minds 4 
101 9 for internal read interval 
102 I raucidineus read raucedintus