FLORA LONDINENSIS: O R, PLATES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SUCH PLANTS AS GROW WILD IN THE ENVIRONS OF LONDON WITH THEIR PLACES OF GROWTH AND TIMES OF FLOWERING, THEIR Several Names, according to Linnaajs, and other Authors ; WITH A PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION OF EACH PLANT IN LATIN AND ENGLISH. TO WHICH ARE ADDED, THEIR SEVERAL USES, IN MEDICINE, AGRICULTURE, RURAL (ECONOMY, AND OTHER ARTS. WILLIAM CURTIS. VOL. 11. LONDON: Printed for and Sold by the Author, No. 3, St, GeorgeIs-Crefcent, Black-Friars-Road, 1798. T O JOHN COAKLEY LETTSOM, M. D. THE FRIEND OF HUMANITY, THE PATRON OF SCIENCE, THIS SECOND VOLUME OF THE FLORA LONDINENSIS, IS MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, B Y HIS MUCH OBLIGED FRIEND, WILLIAM CURTIS. INDEX I. In which the Plants contained in the fourth Fafciculus are arranged according to the Syftem of Linnaeus. Latin Name, Clafs and Order 1 Hippuris vulgaris 2 Veronica montana 3 Valeriana dioica 4 Scirpus maritimus 5 Panicum viride 6 Panicum verticillatum 7 Panicum fanguinale 8 Panicum crus galli 9 Eriophorum polyftachion 10 Eriophorum vaginatum 11 Holcus lanatus 12 Milium effufum 13 Scabiola arvenlis 14 Plantago media 15 Afperula odorata 16 Cynogloflum officinale 17 Menyanthes trifoliata 18 Symphytum officinale 19 Vinca major 20 Samolus valerandi 21 Campanula rotundifolia 22 Chironia Centaurium 23 Chenopodium hybridum 24 Bunium Bulbocaffanum 25 Chaerephyllum fylveftre 26 Myofurus minimus 27 Peplis Portula 28 Polygonum amphibium. 29 Polygonum Convolvulus 30 Silene anglica 31 Arenaria trinervia 32 Arenaria ferpyllifolia 33 Sedum fexangulare 34 Spergula nodofa.. 33 Spergula faginoides 36 Euphorbia exigua 37 Clematis Vitalba 38 Ranunculus repens 39 Ranunculus hederaceus 40 Galeobdolon Galeopfis 41 Stachys arvenlis 42 Prunella vulgaris 43 Scutellaria minor 44 Orobanche major 45 Antirrhinum Orontium 46 Raphanus Raphaniftrum 47 Turritis glabra 48 Cardamine hirfuta 49 Geranium pratenfe 50 Malva mofchata Trifolium glomeratum 52 Hypericum quadrangulum 53 Sonchus arvenfis 54 Hieracium Pilofella 35 Ar6lium Lappa 36 Cichorium Intybus 57 Bidens tripartita 38 Jalione montana 39 Ophrys fpiralis 60 Carex riparia 61 Carex acuta 62 Carex gracilis 63 Parietaria officinalis 64 Equifetum arvenfe 65 Bryum barbatum 66 Phafcum acaulon 67 Phafcum fubulatura 1 68 Jungermannia complanata 69 Agaricus procerus ’ 70 Agaricus velutipes 71 Agaricus floccofus 72 Boletus lucidus 73 Phallus caninus Mon andria Monogynia. D iandria Monogynia. Triandria Monogynia. Triandria Digynia, Tetrandria Monogynia, * Pentandria Monogynia. Pent andria Digynia. Pentandria Polygynia. Hexandria Monogynia. Oct andria Digynia. Oct andria Trigynia. Decandria Trigynia. De candria Pentagynia. Dodecandria Trigynia. Polyandria Polygynia. Didyn a m i a Gymnofpermia. Di dynami a Angiofpermia. Tetradynamia Siliquofa. Monadelphia Decandria. Monadelphia Polyandria. Diadelphia Decandria. Polyadelphia Polyandria. Syngenesia Polygamia JFqualis. Syngenesia Monogamia. Gynandria Diandria. Moncecia Triandria. Polyg AMI A Monoecia. Cryptogamia Filices. Cryptogamia Mufci. Cryptogamia Fungi• I N D E X _ 11. INDEX 111. Latin Names of the Plants in the fourth Faf- ciculus, arranged Alphabetically. Englifh Names of the Plants in the fourth Fafciculus, arranged Alphabetically. Plate Plate Afperula odorata 13 Ladies-Smock hairy 48 > Ladies-Traces 59 ' Mouse-Tail 216 \ Mouse-Ear. 54 [ Mares-Tail - 1 > Mushroom fhaggy 71 [ Mushroom velvet-flalked 70 > Mushroom tall 69 } Millet-Grass wood 12 > Mallow mufk ~.50 } Moßell red-headed 70 > Purslane water 27 > Phascum common 66 [ Phascum heath 67 } Panic-Grass green 5 \ Panic-Grass rough 6 > Panic-Grass loofe 8 Panic-Grass cocksfoot 7 I Plantain hoary 14 J Persicaria amphibious 28 } Perrywinkle great 19 * Pellitory of the wall 63 I Radish wild 46 '> Speedwell mountain ; .2 St. John’s-Wort fquare-fialked 52 f Selfheal 42 Soft-Grass meadow n > Snap-Dragon fmall 45 I Scabious field 13 > Sowthistle corn 33 \ Spurry knotted 34 > Spurry pearl wort 35 Stachys corn 41 > Spurge fmall 36 Sheeps-Scabious hairy 58 I Succory blue 36 Stonecrop infipid 33 ;; Tower-Mustard fmooth 47 Travellers-Joy 37 \ Trefoil round-headed 51 i Valerian marfii 3 I Woodruff 15 } Water-Pimpernel round-leaved ~.20 r r/s/psr/y,, ' ■ yy Hippuris Vulgaris. Mare’s-Tail. HIPPURIS Lin. Gen, PL Monandria Monogynia. Cal. o. Petala o. Stigma fimplex. Sem. i Raii Syn, Gen. 5. Herbie flora imperfecto seu stamineo vel apetalo POTIUS HIPPURIS vulgaris. Lin. Syjl. Veget ah. p. 51. Sp. Pl. p. 6. FI. Suec. n. 2. PINASTELLA. Dillen. Nov, Gen. p. 168. LIMNOPEUCE. Haller. Hiji.p. 264. Vaillant. Mem.de VAcad. anno 1716, t. 1.fi. 3. POLYGONUM facmina. Matth. in Diofc. p. 952. Dodon, Pempt. p. 113. EQUISETUM paluftre brevioribus foliis polyfpermon. C. B. pin. 35. EQUISETUM paluftre alterum brevioribus fetis. Park. 1200. CAUDA EQUINA facmina. Ger. emyic. 1114. Raii Syn. p. 136. Hudfon. FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 2. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 70. RADIX perennis, repens, geniculata, alba, geniculis plurimis fibris capillata. CAULES plurimi, fefquipedales et ultra, erefti, fim- plices, glabri, ftriati, teretes, fpongiofi, fig, 1, medulla filiformi, compa&a, in radicibus tenaci. FOLIA verticillata, 06I0 circiter, brevia, linearia, glaberrima, avenia, ad lentem pun&ata, punflis excavatis. FLORES hermaphroditi plerumque, prefertim vere, ad finem aeftatis plures faemineos obfervavi, axillares, feffiles. CALYX nullus. COROLLA nulla. STAMEN; Filamentum unicum, apici germinis infidens, primo breviffimum, demiffo pol- line longitudine piflilli. Anthera biloba, purpurafcens, majufcula, Jig, 2, 3. PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum. Stylus bre- viffimus, nudus. Stigma fubulatum, album, ad lentem villofum, jig. 4, 5, 6. PERICARPIUM nullum. SEMEN unicum, oblongum, nudum, fuboffeum, intus album, medio fufcum, membrana feu arillo tenui obteftum, Jig. 7, 8, 9. ROOT perennial, creeping, jointed and white, the joints furnifhed with numerous capillary fibres. STALKS numerous, a foot and a half' or more in height, upright, fimple, fmooth, ftriated, round, fpongy, fig. i, the pith like a thread in the centre, compaft, and in the roots tough. LEAVES growing in whirls, about eight in number, fhort, linear, perfeftly fmooth, without veins, dotted when magnified, the dots appearing hollow. FLOWERS for the mod part hermaphrodite, efpe- cially in the fpring; at the clofe of the ham- mer I have obferved many of them to be female, growing in the alas of the leaves, and feffile. CALYX none. COROLLA none. STAMEN: a fingle Filament, fitting on the top of the germen, at firft very fhort, on fhedding the pollen becoming as long as the piftillum. Anther a compofed of two lobes, purplifh, and rather large, fig. 2, 3. PISTILLUM: Germen oblong. Style very fhort, naked. Stigma tapering to a point, white and downy when magnified, fig. 4, c, 6. SEED-VESSEL none. b SEED fingle, oblong, naked, hard, white within, and in the centre brown, covered with a thin membrane or arillus, Jig. 7, 8, 9. Greater fimplicity in the conftruftion of a flower can fcarcely exift than in the Hippuris. Here we have neither calyx, corolla, nor feed-veflel; and thofe parts which are univerfally confidered as elfential to the falsification, are, in the prefent inftance, as few as poflible, there being only one ftamen, with its correfponding piftillum, yet perfeS feed, and that in confiderable quantity, is produced. The Hippuris here defcribed, which takes its name from the Greek five Cauda equina, is not the Hippuris of the firft Botanifts. They applied the term to our Equifietum, the Hippuris of Linnaeus is the Polygonum fcemina of Dioscorides, and arranged by his commentator Matthiolus with our Polygonum aviculare and Herniaria. Succeeding Botanifts imagining, from the growth of its leaves, or from its producing feed, that it had better pretenfions to be ranked with the Equifietum,t abfurdly enough called it Cauda equina fcemina3 to which Mr. Hudson could not well avoid giving the Englifh name of Mares-tail. Although common in many parts of Great-Britain, this plant is very rare about London ; Mr. Hudson mentions it as growing in a part of the New-River near Hornfiey, where it may ftill be found. It flowers and produces its feeds from June to Augufi. In running ftreams it is frequently extended to a great length; and we have been informed, that in fome rivers it is an exceedingly troublefome weed, which we can the more readily believe, having experienced its roots to be of the moft powerfully creeping kind. A tranfverfe fe6lion of its ftalk is a beautiful microfcopic objeft. On examining this plant we have foraetimes found its flowers to be female only., /cronsc/i /rtttm /ana.. Veronica Montana. Mountain Speedwell. VERONICA. Linn. Gen, PL Diandria Monogynia. Cor, Limbo 4 partito, lacinia infima angufliore. Capfula bilocularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. Herb* fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. VERONICA montana racemis lateralibus paucifloris, calycibus hirfutis, foliis ovatis rugolis crenatis petiolatis, caule debili. Linn, Sy/i. Veg. Sp. PL p, 56. VERONICA caule procumbente, foliis hirfutis, cordatis, retufis, racemis paucifloris. Haller Hiji, n• 539* CHAMzEDRYI fpuriae affinis rotundifolia fcutellata. Bauh. Pin. 249 ALYSSON Diofcoridis montanum. Coi. Ecph. 1. 286. VERONICA Chamasdryoides, foliis pediculis oblongis infidentibus. Raii Syn. p. 281. Wild Ger- mander with leaves handing on long foot-llalks. Lightfoot EL Scot. p. 6. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 74. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibrillis praelongis, fufcis. CAULES procumbentes, verfus bafin faepe radicantes, teretes, pilis mollibus undique hirfuti, pur- purafcentes. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovato-cordata, obtufiufcula, inaequaliter ferrata, hirfutula, nitidula, fub- tus purpurafcentia, parum concava et bullata. PETIOLI longitudine fere foliorum, hirfutiflimi. RACEMI laterales, alterni, fubinde oppofiti, tenues, hirfuti, pauciflori. PEDUNCULI alterni, hirfuti, braftaea lanceolata fuf- fulti. CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis fubae- qualibus, ovatis, bali anguftatis, hirfutis. pilis ad lentem globuligeris, Jg. 1. COROLLA monopetala, rotata, ex purpureo-caerulef- cens, fuprerna lacinia (aturatius colorata, ima cum lateralibus venis caeruleis pi6fa, in- fima minore immaculata, tubus breviflimus, albus, Jg. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta duo, tubo corollae inferta bafi albida, curvata, medio crafliora; An the- r/e caeruleae; Pollen album, yfg-. 3. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen obovatum, hirfutum; Sty lus (uperne fenfira incraflatus; Stigma capitatum, album, Jg. 4, 5. PERICARPIUM: Caps ula magna, orbiculata, emar ginata, comprefla, Jg. 6. SEMINA pauca, ovata, plana, flavefcentia, Jg. 7. ROOT perennial and fibrous, the fibres very long and brown. STALKS procumbent, often taking root towards the bafe, round, covered with Toft hairs, and purplifh. LEAVES oppofite. Handing on foot-flalks, ovato cor- date, a little blunt, unequally ferrated, flightly hairy, fomewhat finning, purplilh underneath, a little hollow and cockled. LEAF-STALKS almoft the length of the leaves, and very hairy. FLOWER-BRANCHES lateral, alternate, fometimes oppofite, (lender, hairy, fupporting few flowers. FLOWER-STALKS alternate, hairy, fupported by a narrow floral-leaf. CALYX: a Perianthium compofed of four leaves, which are nearly equal, ovate, narrowed at the bale, hairy, the hairs globular at the extremity when magnified, Jg. i. COROLLA monopetalous, wheel-fhaped, of a blueilb, purple colour, the uppermofi fegment more deeply coloured than the others, and together with the fide ones ftreakt with blue veins, the lowermoft leaf without any veins, the tube very fiiort and white. Jig. 2. STAMINA : two Filaments, inferted into the tube of the corolla, whitifh at the bafe, bent, thickeft in the middle; Anthers blue; Pollen white. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen inverfely ovate, hairy; Style towards the top gradually thickened; Stig- ma forming a (mall white head. Jig. 4, 5. SEED-VESSEL : a large, round, flat Capsule nicked at top. Jig. 6. SEEDS few, ovate, flat, and yellowifh, Jg. 7. The Veronica montana is very fimilar in its general appearance to the Chammdrys, and of which, by fome authors, it has been confidered as only a variety; but this has arifen from a very fuperficial inquiry, as no two plants can be more diftinCl; Linnaeus might indeed have feleCfed a fpecific charaCfer, which would effectually have removed every doubt of this kind, viz. the fhape and fize of the feed-veffels, thefe in the montana are at leaf! thrice as large as thofe of the chammdrys, they are alfo much rounder and flatter, while the flowers on the contrary are not more than half as large, and much lefs fhowy; when we have not thefe characters to aflifl us, the ftalk and leaves will in general be fufficient, in the chamaedrys the hairs grow on two fides of the ftalk only, in the montana they grow all around it, in the chamcedrys the leaves are generally feffile, in the montana they hand on foot-ftalks. Thefe two plants differ alfo in their places of growth, the montana, fo far as I have obferved it, preferring moift and ffiady fituations, whence the term montana feems ill-applied to it; near London, it is found plentifully in Charlton-Wood, behind the Church, and flowers in June and July, VALER I A N A DIOI C A. MARSH VALERIAN. VALERIANA Linncei Gen. Plant. Triandria Monogynia. Cal. o Cor. i. petala, bafi hinc gibba, fupera. Sem. i. VALERIANA dioica floribus triandris dioicis foliis pinnatis integerrimis. Lin. SyJt.Vegetab.Sp.PLp. 44. FI. Suec. n. 35. VALERIANA foliis radicalibus petiolatis ovatis; caulinis pinnatis, fexu diftinfla, Haller, hijl. 208» VALERIANA dioica. Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 40. VALERIANA paluftris minor. Bauhin. p, 164 VALERIANA minor. Ger. emac. 1075. VALERIANA fylveftris minor. Park. 122 Raii Syn. p. 200. Small wild Valerian, or Marfh Valerian. Hudfon. FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 12. Lightfioot FI. Scot. p. 85. RADIX perennis, geniculata, repens, craflitie pennae coracis,albida, rubore aliquando tin£la, odore fubarornatico Valerianae fylveftris. CAULIS pedalis aut fefquipedalis, ere&us, fimplex, te- tragonus, ftriatus, laevis ; rami pauci, ftriati. FOLIA oppofita, radicalia integerrima, ovata obtufa, caulina pauca, pinnatifida, pinnis duodecim circiter, venofis, obtufe ferratis. FLORES fubcoryrabofi, rubelli, dioici, femineis multo minoribus;fig. 1. flor, femin. magn. nat.fig. 2. flor. mafc. BRACTEAl plurimae, lanceolatae, floribus fubje&ae. Flos Femin. CALYX vix ullus, margo fuperus, fig. 7. COROLLA monopetala, tubus a latere inferiore gib- bus, nettariferus; limbus quinquefidus, laci- niis obtufis, fubaequalibus ; antherarum rudi- menta intra tubum cernantur. PISTILLUM: G ermen inferum, ovatum, compref- fum, fulcatum, longitudine fere corollae; Sty- lus albus, fuperne paulo incraftatus, corolla paulo longior, obliquus; Stigma trifidum, fis. 6. 7, 8, 9. SEMEN ovato-oblongum, pallide fufcum, hinc cari- natum, illinc trinerve, pappo pilofo corona- tum,fig, ii, 12, 13. Flos Masc. CALYX et corolla ficut in fem, fig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta tria, filiformia, corolla lon- giora ; Antherm albae ; feu pallide ruben- tes, fig. 5. Piftillum imperfeftum in centro floris, fig. 10. ROOT perennial, jointed, creeping, the thicknefs of a crow-quill, white, fometimes tinged with red, having nearly the fame aromatic fmell as the wild valerian. STALK a foot or a foot and a half high, upright, un- branched, four-cornered, ftriated and fmooth; branches few and ftriated. LEAVES oppofite, the radical ones entire, ovate, ob- tufe, thofe of the ftalk few, pinnatifid, pinnae about twelve in number, veiny, and obtufely ferrated. FLOWERS forming a kind of corymbus, of a pink colour, and dioicous, the female flowers much the fmalleft ; fig. i.a female flower of its natural fize ; fig. 2. a male flower. BRACTEzE numerous, lanceolate, placed beneath the flowers. Female Flower. CALYX fcarce any, being only a prominent rim fur- rounding the top of the germen, fig. 7. COROLLA monopetalous, the tube gibbous on the under fide, and containing honey ; the limb divided into five fegments, which are blunt and nearly equal; rudiments of Antherae are vifible within the tube, fig. 1. PISTILLUM: Germen placed below the corolla, ovate, flat, grooved, nearly the length of the corolla; Style white, fomewhat thickened near the top, a little longer than the corolla, oblique ; Stigma trifid,Jig. 6, 7, 8, 9. SEED of an ovate oblong fhape, and pale brown co- lour, a Angle rib on one fide, and three on the other, crowned with a feathery 11, 12, 13. Male Flower. CALYX and corolla the fame as in the female, fig. 2. STAMINA: three Filaments filiform, longer than the corolla; white, or pale red. Jig. 5. an imperfeft Piftillum in the centre of each flower, fig. 10. There are few plants in which nature fports more than in the Valerians, even out of the four fpecies which we have growing wild with us, one is monandrous, viz. the rubra, and another dioicous, as the prefent. Thefe defici- ences in their claflical charaffer are however the lefs to be lamented, as they furnilh excellent fpecific diftinftions. The dioica is found only in wet and boggy fituations ; in the meadows and ofier-grounds about Batterfea it grows abundantly ; its blofloms before they open are of a bright red colour, and being col!e6led into fmall heads, are very confpicuous among the herbage in the month of April ; in June and July it produces its downy feeds, which, for their beauty and Angular manner of expanding their pappus or down, are highly deferving the atten- tion of the curious. The roots having a fimilar fmell, and probably the fame medicinal virtues, as the officinal Valerian, may be fubftituted in lieu thereof, if necelfary. What Scop o Li afferts of this plant is fo contrary to the common opinion of Botanifts and our own obfervations, that we cannot forbear fubfcribing his own words; they will either prove that his obfervations are not to be depended upon, or that this plant puts on a very different appearance in Carniola than it does in the other parts of Europe. C£ Millena fpecirnina examinavi et nunquam vidi flores dioicos, fed nunc omnes hermaphroditos, nunc fila- mento uno above caftrato inftruUos, nunc mafculos et femineos in eadem planta, ita tamen ut rnafculi flores ■■ continerent rudimentum germinis et ftyli; fine feminibus vero perfe&is nullam ha&enus inveni plantam. ” 27# Scirpus Maritimus. Round-Rooted or Sea Club-Rush SCIRPUS Lin. Gen. PL Triandria monogynia. Glumoz paleacese, undique imbricatas. Cor. o. Sent, i imberbe. Raii Syn. Gen. 28. gr non culmiferas flore imperfecto seu STAMINEO. SCIRPUS maritimus culmo triquetro, panicula conglobata foliacea fpicularum fquamis trifidis: in- termedia fubulata. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 86. Sp. Pl. p. 74. FI. Suec. n. 47. SCIRPUS maritimus. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 57. GRAMEN cyperoides panicula fparfa majus. Bauh. pin. 6. GRAMEN cyperoides palufire panicula fparfa. Parkinf 1266. Raii Syn. p. 425. Water or Marfh Cyperus Grafs, with a fparfed panicle. CYPERUS rotundus littoreus inodorus. Lob. ic. 77. rotundus inodorus Anglicus. C. B. Pin. 14. rotundus littoreus. Ger. emac. 31. Park. 1264. Raii Syn. p. 426. Round-rooted Baftard Cyperus. Hudfon. FI. Angl. p. 21. Lighifoot FI. Scot. p. 89. ROOT perennial, creeping, the thicknefs of a goofe- quill, of a pale brown colour, the {hoots at the end of the year bulbous at their extremities. STALK two or three feet high, upright, leafy, three- corned, the angles fomewhat rough. LEAVES numerous, feven or eight, a foot or a foot and a half in length, two lines in breadth, gradually tapering to a point, the keel and edges fcarcely rough, forming a (heath at bottom, which is flriated and gloffy. INVOLUCRUM confifts generally of two, rarely of three leaves, which are long, unequal and rough on the edges and keel. PANICLE terminal, and extremely various, fome- times it confifts of only five or fix cluftered fpiculae, but for the moft part, befides thefe, a flower-ftalk arifes on each fide, bearing three, four, or five fpiculae more. FLOWER-STALKS fmooth, naked, fomewhat thick- ened at the fpiculae. SPICULyE large, almoft an inch in length, ovate, pointed, at firft of a blackifh purple colour, afterwards ferruginous, covered with fcales on every fide, CALYX : Scales brown, wrinkled, fonorous to the touch, keeled, having the tip generally fur- nifhed with three teeth, of which the middle one runs out to a long point; in the lower- moft flowers this is longeft, fig. i, 2. COROLLA wanting. STAMINA: three Filaments, white and broadifh. Antheryellow, linear, tipt with a minute white membrane, fig. 3. PISTILLUM :Ge rmen inverfely ovate, very fmall and fmooth. Style tapering, the length of the flamina. Stigmata three, capillary, fig. 4. HAIRS, four or five at the bafe of the germen, white, upright, when magnified having prickles which crook backward, longer than the ger- men, fig. 5. SEED fingle, fomewhat three-cornered, pointed, brown, and fhining, fig. 6. RADIX perennis, repens, craflitie calami fcriptorii, i palide fufca, ftolonibus Tub finem anni apice ) bulbofis. i CULMUS bi feu tripedalis, ere6lus, foliofus, triqueter, 1 angulis fubafperis. < FOLIA plurima, feptem five 06I0, pedalia aut fef- *■ quipedalia, lineas duas lata, fenfim acumi- J nata, ad carinam et oras vix afpera, bafi va- < ginata, vagina minutiftime ftriata, nitida. INVOLUCRUM : folia plerumque duo, rarius tria, < inaequalia, longa, ad oras et carinam afpera. J PANICULA terminalis, maxime varia, aliquando : enim confiat fpiculis quinque vel fex con- globatis feftilibus, faepius vero prater has ■ utrinque oritur pedunculus, tres quatuor vel ] quinque gerens fpiculas. i PEDUNCULI glabri, nudi, ad fpiculas fubincraftati. • SPICULyE magnae, unciales fere, ovatae ; acutae, j primo atro purpureae, demum ferrugineae, J fquamis undique imbricatae. •; CALYX : Squamee fufeae, corrugatae, fcariofae, cari- ■: natae, apice faepius tridentatae, dente medio j fubulato, in infimis flofculis longiore, fig. 1, 2. 1 COROLLA nulla. STAMINA : Filamenta tria, alba, latiufcula. An- * ther£, flavae, lineares, membrana alba mi- { nuta terminatae, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen obovatum, minimum, gla- ] brum. Stylus fubulatus, longitudine flami- num. Stigmata tria, 4. VILLI quatuor aut quinque, ad bafin germinis, albi, ere6H ad lentem retrofum aculeati, germini longiores, Jig. 5. SEMEN unicum, fubtriquetrum, acuminatum, fufeum, nitidum, fig. 6. Linnaeus remarks, that this fpecies clothes the fea-fhores as the Bulrufh does the borders of the inland lakes ; but it is frequently found where the water is not fait, as in the river Thames, and on the edges of the creeks running from it. In the Ife of Sheppey, it fills almoft every ditch, and appears to be more perfeHly at home. It flowers from June to Auguft. The older Botanifis made feveral fpecies of this plant, which Linnaeus has very properly referred to va- rieties only. They did not attend to the oeconomy of the plant, or they would have found, that the roots, in every variety, were bulbous at the extremities in the autumn ; nor to the circumftances of fituation, &c. or they would have feen this plant fometimes fhorter, fometimes taller, fometimes with a Ample, fometimes with a branched panicle, as is reprefented on the plate. We know of no ufe to which this elegant fpecies of Club-Rufli is applied. The roots have a remarkably fweet tafte, and probably are very nutritious. Swine are extremely fond of the roots of the Scirpus palufiris, which the Swedifh peafants colleH and fodder them with in the winter: the roots of the prefent fpecies, being much larger, would we conceive be much pre- ferable for this or fimilar purpofes. 2&4 r mysrs////tssj Panicum viride. Green Panic Grass. iPANICUM Lin. Gen. PL Triandria Digynia. Gal. 3-valvis : valvula tertia minima. PaliSyn. Gen. 27. Herbae flore imperfecto culmifervE. PANICUM viride fpica tereti, involucellis bifloris fafciculato-pilofis, feminibus nervobs. Lin. Svff, Vegetab. p. 562. Sp. PL p. 83. PANICUM fpica unica, fiofculis feflilibus folitariis, Ictis numerous. Halier. Hifi. n. I 542. GRAMEN paniceum fpica fimplici. Batih. Pin. B, GRAMEN panici effigie fpica fimplicu GeY. emac. 17. paniceum fpica fimplici laevi. Rdii Syn. p; 393. Panic-Grafs, with a fmgle fmooth ean Hadfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 2*p RADIX annua, flbrofa. CULMI erecti, pedales et ultra* fimpllccs, fubinde ramoli, quatuor aut quinque geniculis diftindi, laeves. FOLIA palmaria et ultra, lineas duas, tres, quatuorve quandoque lata, acuminata, laevia, ad mar- gines afpera, in apricis faepe fanguinea; folio- rum Vagina ftriata, lawis, ad internam folio- rum bafin, loco membranulas in pilos fubti- liflimos lineam dimidiam aut paulo plus longos terminatae, qui pili etiam quandoque vaginas margines fupremas ipfique foliorum ball proxi- mas occupant, SPICA fimplex, teres, cylindracea, uncialis, fefqui- uncialis et ultra, craffitie pennae anferinas ma- joris, aliquando tota fpadicea vel atro-pur- purea, alias ex viridi lutefcens, luteis pilis, ali- quando rubris donata, denfe coagmentatis con- flans fpiculis, molliufcula, veftibus nequa- quam adhaerens; fetae feu pili plurimi, eredi, tortuofi, flofculis triplo longiores, ad lentem aculeati, aculeis eredis, fig* 1. 2. CALYX: Gluma unifiota, trivalvis, valvulis duabus oppofitis, aequalibus, ovatis, obtufis, nervofis, Jig, 4. tertia minima, inferne polita, fig, 3. COROLLA : bivalvis, valvulae ovatae, concavae, nitidas, fubasquales. fig. 5. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria, brevlflima, corollam paulo excedentia. Anthers mi- nimae, purpureas, fig. 6. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum. Styli duo, capil- lares, Stigmata plumofa, alba. fig. 7. SEMEN unicum, fubovatum, tedum, hinc convexum, obfolete ncrvofum, inde planiufculum. fig. 8. ' f ROOT annual, and fibrous. ft* _ y \ STALKS upright, a foot high br more* finiple, now and then branched, furnifhed with four or five joints, and fmocth. \ LEAVES about a hand’s breadth or more in length, two j; or three lines, and fometimes more, in breadth, p pointed, fmooth, rough on the edges, in open Situations often of a blood-red colour; Sheath \ of the leaves floated, fmooth, terminated at the inner bale of the leaf, inflead of a mem- r • ' \ brane, by very fine hairs, about half a line or fomewhat more in length, which fometimes alfo ji occupy the edges of the fheath on its upper p part, and of the leaves at their bafe. I SPIKE fimple, round, cylindrical, an inch, an inch \ and a half or more in length, the thick- ; nefs of a large goofe quill, fometimes wholly ; of a reddifh purple colour, at others greenifh J yellow, furnifhed with yellowifh, and fome- J times reddifh hairs, compofed of fpiculae clofely compaded, foft to the touch, never adhering to garments; fetas or hairs numerous, upright* crooked, thrice the length of the flofcules, ; when magnified furnifhed with finali prickles, \ which are upright. fig. i; 2. ; CALYX : a Glums of one flower, and three valves, two of which are oppofite, equal, ovate, obtufe, and ribbed, fig. 4. the third is very minute* and placed below the others, figi 3. COROLLA compofed of two valves, which are ovate* hollow7, fhining, and nearly equal, fig. 5, STAMINA i three capillary Filaments, very fhort, a little longer than the corolla. Anthera very fmall, and purple, fig, 6. PISTILLUM: Germen ovate. Styles two* capil- lary. Stigmata feathery and white, fig. 7. SEED Angle, fomewhat ovate, covered, convex, and faintly ribbed on one fide, on the other flattifh. fig- In a former part of this work we gave figures of the Panicum crufgalll and fanguin&le t we here prefent our readers with twm more, being the whole of this genus growing near London. The viride is with us the mofl common of the four; yet at a diflance from town it appears to have few habitats. Mr, Hudson particularizes Martha's Chapel near Guildford; Bat erfea Fields is the only place where we find this* and the others, ail of which flower about the fame period, viz. Augufi and September. To correfpond writh its name, the viride fhould be always of a green colour; but we often find its foliage red, and its fpikes reddiffi-brown, and the verticillatum vice verfa: wTe are not therefore to look for an infallible guide in its colour, but the fpike will always diffinguiffi it from the verticillatum. Between thefe two, indeed, there is a more fenfible difference to the touch than betwixt the Alopecurus pratenfis and Pbleutn pratenfie; the hairs in the fpike of the viride are much longer than thofe of the verticillatum, and though the microfcope difeovers them to be prickly, vid.fig* 1. 2. yet theie being upright difeover no manifefl roughnels* Agriculturally it may be conlidered rather as a‘wreed than an ufeful grafs. Sparrows are remarkably fond of its feeds: the whole of this genus, when cultivated in a garden, require to he protected from them* f/z/rWY/m^//rZ/j/z/r/z/vz/. Eriophoru m Vagi natum. Single-Headed Cotton-Grass. ERIOPHORUM. Linn. Gen. PL Triandria MonoGVnia. Glumes paleaceas, undique imbri- catae. Cor. o. Sem. i. Land longiffima cinftum. Rail Syn. Gen. 28. IMPERFECTO SEU STAMINEO. ERIOPHORUM vaginatum culmis vaginalis teretibus, fpica fcariofa. Linn. SjJl. Veg. p. 87. Sp. FI. p. 76. FI. Suec. n. 50. ERIOPHORUM caule tereti, foliis caulinis vaginalibus, fpica erefta, oVata. Haller Hijl. n. 1332. L1NAGROSTIS vaginata. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 66 JUNCUS alpinus, capitulo lanuginofo, feu fchaenolaguros. Bank. Pin. 12. Scheuzch Agrojl. p. 302. t. 7. JUNCUS alpinus cum cauda leporina. Bauh. Hijl. 2. 514. GRAMEN juncoides lanatum alterum danicum. Park. 1271. Raii Syn. p. 436. Hares-Tail Rufh. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 90. Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 22 The Eriophorum vaginatum is with us a much fcarcer plant than the polyjiachion, but in forne parts of Greai-Britain, and in other countries, is equally common. In its generic charafters, excepting the (hortnefs of its pappus, it agrees with ihe polyflachion ; it has there- fore the fame figures of reference to them ; in its fpecific charafters, it differs very obvio iffy, its root is not creeping but more matted, and its leaves, which are much finer, are confequently more apt to grow in tufts; the vagina of the upper flem-leaf in particular is remarkably inflated, and it never produces more than one fpike, which is upright. It is found in fimilar fituations to the other; on the boggy parts of Shirley-Common, near Croydon, I have found it in tolerable plenty ; it flowers fomewhat earlier than the polyjiachion, but produces its pappus about the fame time. Sheep are very fond of it, whence in Wejlmoreland they call it Mofs-Crops. Raii Syn. p. 436. Holcus Lanatus. Meadow Soft-grass. HOLCUS Lin, Gen. PL Polygamia Monoecia. Hermaphrod. CaL Gluma i five 2 florae Cor. Gluma arifiata. Slam, 3. Styli 2. Senii, 1. Masc. Cal, Gluma 2-valvis. Con o. Siam. 3. Rail Syn. Gen. 27. Herb;e GRAMiNiFOLtiE flore imperfecto culmifer.’e. HOLCUS lanatus glumis bifloris villofis: flofculo hermaphrodito mutico ; mafculo arifia recurva. Lin, SyftVegetab. p. 760. Sp, Pl. 1485. Fl.Suec. n. 917. AVENA diantha, floribus ovatis; perfe&o mutico, imperfedto ariftato. Haller, hljl. 11, 1484. HOLCUS lanatus, Scopoli FI. Canit n. 1238. GRAMEN pratenfe paniculatum molle. Bauh. pin, 2, GRAMEN miliaceum ptatenfe molle. PeU Cone. Gr. 224. Rail Syn. p. 404. Soft-tufted Meadow* Grafs. Tludfont m, AngL ed, 2* p. 440. Llghtfoot. FI. Scot, p. 631 RADIX perennis, fibrofa, minime repetis* CULMI plures, bipedales, feu tripedales, raro ultra, erecti, quatuor communiter geniculis diAin&i, pubefcentes, teretes, in quibufdam locis ad bafin radicantes. FOLIA pilis mollibus undique Veftita, incana, tres lineas lata, plana, fuperne Ariata, inferne carinata ; vagina lineis purpureis externe notata, interne nitida j membrana obtufa, externe pilofa, pilif- que ciliata. PANICULA primo fpiclformis, mollis, laxiis, rubellus, parum nutans, dein eredla, diffufa, albida. SPICULiE biflorae, albidae, villofulae, verfus apicem co- loratae. CALYX : Gluma bivalvis, valvula exteriore majore, tri- nerve, interiore mucronata, minore carinata. fg. 1. au6t. FLOS FERTILIS. COROLLA bivalvis, valvulae tenerae, virides, nitidae, muticae, valvula exteriore majore. Jig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria; Antherje oblongae, bifurcatae, flava;, fg, 5. PISTILLUM: Germen obovatum; Styli duo, ad ba- fin ufque ramofi. fg, 6. SEMEN parvum, acuminatum, nitidum glumis corollae teftum. fg, 9. et valvulis calycis inclufum. fg-8- FLOS STERILIS. COROLLA bivalvis, valvulae minores, exteriore ariAata, arifla e dorfo valvulae erumpente, longitudine valvulae exterioris catycis. fg. 3, 4. STAMINA ut in fertili, fig, 5. PISTILLUM: Germen ut in fertili, fed multo minus; Styli duo, fubulati, fimplices. fg, 7. SEMEN tninimum, abortivum. ROOT perennial, fibrous, not at all creeping. STALKS feveral, from two to three feet high, feldom higher, upright, generally furnifhed with four joints, downy, round, in fome fituation taking root at the bottom. LEAVES covered on every part with loft hairs, which give them a greyifh appearance, about three lines in breadth, flat, above ftriated, below keeled, the fieath marked externally with pur- ple lines, internally Alining; the membrane blunt, externally hairy, and edged with hairs. PANICLE at firA forms a kind of foft, loofe, reddifh fpike, which droops a little, afterwards be- comes upright, fpreading and whitiAi. containing two flowers, whitifh, fomewhat villous, coloured towards the top. CALYX : a Glume of two valves, the outer one larged* having three ribs, and terminating in a point, the inner one fmaller and keeled. Jig. i. magnif. FERTILE FLOWER. COROLLA compofed of two valves which are tender, green, Aiming, and pointlefs, the outer valve larged, jig, 2. STAMINA: three capillary Filaments; Anthers oblong, forked at each end, of a yellow colour. fg- 5- PISTILLUM : Germen inverfely ovate ; Styles two, branched quite down to the bottom. Jig, 6, SEED fmall, pointed, and Alining, covered by the glumes of the corolla, 9. and inclofed in the valves of the calyx. Jig. 8. BARREN FLOWER. COROLLA compofed of two valves, the valves fmall, the outer one bearded, the awn arifing from the back of the valve, the length of the outer valves of the calyx. Jig. 3, 4. STAMINA as in the fertile flowers. Jig. 5. PISTILLUM: the Germen as in the fertile flower, but muchlefs; Styles two, tapering, and fimple. fg- z- SEED very minute and abortive. The Holcus Lanatus abounds in mofi meadows, is frequently found by road-fides, and fometimes on walls, fo that it will thrive in almofi any fituation. Therednefs of its panicle when jufi opening, joined foftnefs and hoari- nefs of its leaves, render it a very confpicuous grafs, Haller fpeaks highly of it as food for cattle, calling it optimum pabulum. We cannot coincide with him in this opinion, nor do the generality of our intelligent farmers and graziers, who condemn it as too foft and woolly; ne- verthelefs the feed of it (being eafily collected) is fometimes lent up to London in great quantities, and fold for pure grafs-feed: but it were better to lay down ground for meadow or pafiurage in the ufual way, than fill it with this unprofitable, though pure grafs-feed. Mr. Lightfoot informs us in his PL Scot, that it is fometimes ufed to make ropes for the fifhing-boats. It is a very diftlnd fpecies from the Holcus Mollis (as we fhall particularly explain when we treat of that grafs), and flowers in June and July. One cannot but lament that LtnnjeUs fhould have feparated the Holcus from the other grallcs, with which it has fo great an affinity, and have placed it among the plants of the clafs Polygamia, merely bee a tile fome of its flow- ers were imperfect; it frequently happening, as Haller very juflly obferves, that the Triticum. Hordeum, and fe- veral other grades, are in the fame predicament; and it was the iefs necefl'ary here, as there is an evident pifiillum in the barren flowers, though an imperfect one. Fid, fig. 7. //. JU«., Milium effusum. Millet Grass. MILIUM Lin. Gen. PL Triandria Digynia, Cal, 2-valvis, uniflorus: valvulis fubsequalibus. Corolla brevlflima. Stigmata penicilliformia. RailSyn, Gen, 27. Herbie graminifolije flore imperfecto culm ifer^e. MILIUM effufum floribus paniculatis difperfis muticis. Lin, Syjl, Veget, p. 94, Sj, PL p, 90. FL Suec. n, 61. MILIUM paniculis raris, iongiffime petiolatis. Haller, Hiji, 1525 GRAMEN fyivaticutn, panicula miliacea fparfa. Bauh, Pin, 8. GRAMEN miiiaceum. Lob, icon. 3. Ger, emac. 6. I. B. 11, 462* GRAMEN miliaceum vulgare. Park. 1153. R&ll Syn, p. 402. Millet-grafs. Lightjoot FI, Scot.p, 92. RADIX perennis, repens* CULMi tenues, tres, quatuorve pedes alti, quatuor communiter geniculis diftin&l, totidemque, vel quinis foliis a geniculis oriundis, veftiti. FOLIA palmaria, fpithamaea, et pedalia, glabra, tenuia, et infirma, fubtiliffime per longitudinem (friata, fuperna et inferna parte afpera, marginibus etiam, fi deorlum (Lingantur, afperis donata, tres, quatuorve lineas lata, lenfim in acutum mucronem terminata. Faginee (friatas, glabrae, ad internam foliorum bafin in membranulam tenuem, plerumque laciniatam terminatae. PANICULA palmaris, frequentius tamen fpithamaea, pedalis et longior quandoque, fubere&a, difiufa, laxa. RAMI paniculae, capillares, flexuofi. CALYX: Gluma uni flora, bivalvis, acuminata, valvulis, aequalibus, laevibus, ovatis, acutis, fig. 1.2. COROLLA bivalvis, calyce minor: valvulae ovatae, obtufiufcuLe, altera minore, fig. 3. 4. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria, corolla lon- giora. Anthers primo oblongae, demum bifurcae, flavae, fig, 5. PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundnm, viride, glabrum;. Styli duo reflexi, plumofi, albi. fig. 6, SEMEN unicum, te&um, fubrotundnm, 7. ROOT perennial, and creeping, STALKS (lender, three or tour feet high* commonly furnilhcd with four joints, and cloathed with as many or five leaves, arifing from the joints. LEAVES from four to feven inches or a foot in length, fmooth, thin and weak, very finely (Iriaced through their whole length, the upper and under fide as well as the edges rough if drawn backward through the hand, three or four lines in breadth, terminating gradually in a fine point. Sheath ftriated, fmooth, at the inner bafe of the leaf terminating in a membrane which is often jagged. PANICLE four inches in length, but more frequently a fpan, a foot, or more, nearly upright, Ipreading and loofe. BRANCHES of the panicle very fine, and crooked. CALYX: a Glume of one flower, and two valves, pointed, the valves equal, fmooth, ovate, and pointed, fig. i. 2. COROLLA compofed of two valves, fmaller than the calyx: the valves ovate, bluntifh, one fmaller than the other, fig, 3. 4. STAMINA : three Filaments, very fine, longer than the corolla. Anthers firft oblong, then forked at each end, of a yellow colour, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: Germen roundifli, green, fmooth. Styles two, turned back, feathered and white. fig-6- SEED (ingle, enclofed, roundifb, and (hining. fig. 7. The grafs here figured is the only one we have of the genus Milium. It is diftinguiffied from the Panics, to which it has the greatefl: natural affinity, by having a calyx of two valves only: the height it ufually attains, the particular fituation in which it is found, joined to the delicacy of its panicle, eminently diflinguifh it from all our other grafles. It abounds in many of the woods about town, particularly in Charlton Wood, and flowers in May with the Lily of the Valley and Hare-bell. It has a creeping root, and grows readily in a ffiady fituation. ' 4vt//r. »t/ ,t/ v v //, //. /. Scabiosa Arvensis. Field Scabious. SCABIOSA Lin. Gen. PL Tetrandria monogynia. Cal. communis polyphyllus; proprius duplex, fuperus. Recept, paleaceurli five nudum. Rati Syn. Gen. 8. Herbie flore composito discoide, seminibus pappo desti- tutis, CORYMBIFERAE DICTAE. SCABIOSA arVevfis corrollulis quadrifidis radiantibus, foliis pinnatifidis incifis, caule hifpido. Lin. Syfi. Vegetab. p. 121. Sp. Piant, p. 143. FI. Suecic. n. 117. SCABIOSA foliis petiolatis, ovato-lanceolatis, dentatis, fuperioribus femipinnatis. Haller FUJI. 206, SCABIOSA arvenfis. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 135. SCABIOSA pratenfis hirfuta quae officinarum. Bauh. pin. 269 SCABIOSA major vulgaris. Ger. emac. 719. SCABIOSA vulgaris pratenfis. Parkinf. 484. Raii Syn. p. 191* Common Field Scabious. Hudfort FI, Angi. ed. 11. p. 62. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 114. Oeder FI, Dan. t. 447. RADIX perennis, ramofa, fublignofa, difficulter evulfa. \ i CAULIS pedalis vel ultra, teres, fimplex feu ramofus, fcaber, fuperne nudus, pubefcens, inferne ni- : gro punClatus, hifpidus: pilis albidis. < FOLIA oppofita, hifpida, acuta, inferiora integra, ! ovali-oblonga, remote ferrata ; fuperiora < fedilia, amplexicaulia, pinnatifida: laciniis' linearibus, oppodtis, fubferratis ; intermedia duplo majore, lanceolata, utrinque attenuata, in medio ferrata. FLORES terminales, longius pedunculati, folitarii. CALYX communis polyphyllus, imbricatus, foliolis ovatis, acutis, pubefcentibus, ciliatis, plano- patentibus ; interioribus paulo minoribus. COROLLA compofita hemifphaerica, dilute violacea, radiata ; propria radii tubulata, longitudine calycis, intus villofa, quadrifida ; laciniis ereClis, oblongis, obtufis, inaequalibus; ex- teriore paulo majore; duabus lateralibus, oppofitis, aequalibus ; intima duplo minore, fig. 1 ; difci minor, ore quadrifido, obtufo, inaequali. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, fetacea, tubo co- rollae inferne adnata, longitudine corollae; Anthers exllantes, lineares, incumbentes, corollae concolores, fig. 2. PISTILLUM: G ermen inferum, tetragonum, villofo- hifpidum, coronatum pappo campanulato, villofo-fetaceo, cinereo. Stylus cylindricus, fuperne incraffiatus, corolla longior, ereCtus. Stigma exfertum, clavatum, emarginatum, fis- 3- RECEPTACULUM barbatum, pilis germinibus bre- vioribus. SEMEN villofum, fubtetragonum, pappo villofo- fetaceo coronatum, fig. 4, ROOT perennial, branched, fomewhat woody, with difficulty pulled up. STALK a foot or more in height, round, fimple or branched, rough, above naked of leaves, and downy below, dotted with black and hifpid : the hairs whitifh. LEAVES oppofite, hifpid, pointed ; the lower ones entire, of an oval oblong (hape, remotely fer- rated ; the upper ones feffile, embracing the (talk,and pinnatifid; thefegmentslinear,oppo- fite, (lightly ferrated,the middle fegment twice the fize of the others, lanceolate, tapering at each extremity, and ferrated in the middle. FLOWERS terminal, (landing on long foot-dalks. CALYX common to all the Jlorets compofed of many leaves, imbricated, the leaves ovate, pointed, downy, edged with hairs, flat and fpreading; the innermofl fomewhat the (mailed. COROLLA compound, hemifpherical, of a pale violet colour, radiate; the dorets in the circum- ference tubular, the length of the calyx, vil- lous within, divided into four fegments which are upright, oblong, obtufe, and unequal; the outermod fomewhat the larged ; the two fide ones oppofite, and equal, the innermod twice as {ma\\y fig. i.; the central florets fmaller, the mouth divided into four, obtufe, unequal fegments. STAMINA: Filaments four, tapering, growing to the lower part of the tube of the coiolla, and of the fame length as the corolla. Anthers projecting, linear, incumbent, of the fame colour as the 2. PISTILLUM: Germen below the corolla, four- cornered, covered with numerous diffidi' hairs, and crowned with a bell-diaped pappus formed of numerous affi-coloured bridles. Style cylindrical, thickened above, longer than the corolla, upright. Stigma project- ing, club-(haped, with a notch, Jig. 3. RECEPTACLE bearded, the hairs diorter than the germina. SEED villous, fomewhat four-cornered, crowned with a bridly villous down or pappus, fig. 4. The Scabiofa arvenfis is a very common plant, both in Corn-Fields and Meadows. In the former it is un- doubtedly a troublefome weed ; in the latter it frequently forms a great part of the pafturage, and being a hardy plant, producing a large quantity of foliage, which is not refilled, according to Linnaeus’s experiments, by Kine, Horfes, or Sheep, it may perhaps be confidered rather as ufeful. Dr. Rutty, in his Materia Medica, remarks, that the leaves have fometimes been defcribed as inodorous and infipid ; but, on a more accurate examination, they are found to be bitteriffi, wdth fome degree of acri- mony and aftringency. Medicinally this fpecies, as well as the fuccifa, has been recommended internally in Coughs, Afthmas, malignant Fevers, Lues venerea, Epilepfy, &c. ; and externally in the Scurvy, Itch, Scabies, Tetters, See. ; and may be ufed in fubftance, infufion, decoclion, or any manner of wray ; but, as Dr. Lewis obferves, the prefent praefice has little dependence on it. It flowers in July and Auguft, varies much in the divifion of its leaves* and is fometimes found with white flow’ers. The blolToms, and indeed the whole plant is much larger than the Scabiofa fuccifa ; its leaves are more jagged. It fknvers much earlier, and it affie6fs a drier fituation. WJ 2 /met/tay Plantago media. Hoary Plantain. PLANTAGO Lin. Gen. PL Tetrandria Monogynia. CaL 4-fidus. Cor. 4-fid a: limbo reflexo. Stamina longlflima. Cap/ 2-locularis, circumlciffa. Pali Syn. Gen. 22. Herbie vasculifera: flore tetrapetalo anomaly. PLANTAGO media foliis ovato-lanceolatis pubefeentibus, fplca cylindrica, fcapo tereti. Lin. Syfi, Vegetab. p. 131. Sp. PI. p. 163. FI. Suec. n* 130. PLANTAGO foliis fubhirfutis, ellipticis, fpica cylindrica denfa. Haller. Hlfl. n. 659. PLANTAGO media. Scopoli FI. Carniol. 162. PLANTAGO latifolia incana. Bauhin. Pin. 189. PLANTAGO major incana* Parkins. 493. PLANTAGO incana. Ger. emac. 419. Rail Syn* p. 314, Hoary Plantain, or Lamb’s Tongue, Hudfon FL Angl. ed. 2. p* 63* Lightfoot tl. Scot, p* 117. RADIX perennis, craflitie digiti aut pollicis, fubconica, apice in crura aliquot divifa, extus nigricans, plurimis fibrillis inftruda. FOLIA ovata, brevifiime petiolata, fupra terram ex- pania, interioribus fenfim minoribus, quinque- nervia, (übrugofa, utrinque pubefeentia, inte- gerrima* SCAPI plures, teretes, infra folia prodeuntes, fpitha- mad, aut pedales, eredi, pubefeentes, pube fuperne ereda* adprefla. SPICAE florum cylindricae, pollicares aut palmares* BRACTEA, feu fquamula lanceolata, concava, margine membranacea, fingulo flofculo fubjicitur, lon- gitudine calycis. CALYX: Perianthium quadripartitum, eredum, per- fidens; laciniis ovatis, acutiufculis, membra- naceis, nervo viridi infignitis* fig. 1* < COROLLA monopetala, perfidens, tabefeens. Tubus cylindraceus, bad globofus. Limbus quadri- partitus, depredus, laciniis ovatis, acutis. fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, capillaria, eredo- patentia, calyce triplo longiora, purpurafeentia. Antherje alba?, incumbentes, una extremi- tate bifida, altera mucronata, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum. Stylus filiformis, pilofus, daminibus brevior. Stigma dmplex. fig. 4. FERICARPIUM: Capsula ovalis, circumfcifla, dif- perma. fig. 6. SEMINA bina, hinc convexa, inde plano concava. fig- 7- 'ROOT perennial, the thlcknefs of one's finger or • thumb, fomewhat conic, dividing at the top into a few branches, externally of a blackidi colour, and furnifhed with numerous fibres. LEAVES ovate, (landing on very (hort foot-dalks, expanded on the ground, the innermoft gra- dually fmalled, having five ribs, fomewhat wrinkly, downy on both fides, and entire at : the edges. ' FLOWERING-STEMS feveral, round, proceeding from ; below the leaves, from feven inches to a foot in height, upright, downy, the hairs on the ; upper part of it upright, and prefled to the ; folk. •SPIKES of the flowers cylindrical, from one to four j inches in length. : FLORAL-LEAF, a floral-leaf or lanceolate fmall hol- l low fcale, membranous at the edge, and of the \ length of the calyx, is placed under each floret. 'CALYX: a Perianthium deeply divided into four J fegments, ered and permanent; the fegments ; ovate, a little pointed, membranous, and > marked with a green rib. fig. i. 'COROLLA monopetalous, permanent, withered. Tube I cylindrical, with a globular bafe. Limb divi- ded into four fegments, which are prefled ' downwards, ovate and pointed, fig. 2. 'STAMINA: four Filaments very (lender, fomewhat fpreading, thrice the length of the calyx, of a > a purplilh colour. Anthers white, laying acrofs the filaments, one end bifid, the other I pointed. Jig. 3. fPISTILLUM: Germen ovate. Style thread-(haped, hairy, (horter than the (lamina. Stigma \ Ample. Jig. 4. \ SEED-VESSEL: an oval Capsule, dividing horizon- \ tally in the middle, and containing two feeds. \ Jg. 6. ' SEEDS two together, convex on one fide, and plano-con- : cave on the other, fig. 7. This fpecies of Plantain has a large root when fully grown, which penetrates deep into the earth, and being fupplied with numerous lateral fibres, it fupports itfeif in the mofl fcorching feafons, when the plants around it are frequently burnt up. It is alfo one of thofe plants which are not deflroyed by repeated mowing, as moll lawns and grafs plats fuflficiently teflify. It may be diflinguifhed from the common Plantain by the leaves being fmaller, and hoary, (landing on (horter foot-flalks, lying clofe to the ground, and having no notches on the edges; by its fpikes being fhorter, its filaments longer, its antherae whiter and more fhowy, and, if any other difference were wanting, we might add, that its caplules, inflead of many, contain only two fee ds, as in the lanceolata. About London it is not fo common as either the lanceolata or major; but where the foil is chalky no plant occurs more frequently. It flowers from June to Auguji. Sheep, Goats, and Swine, eat it; Kine and Horfes refufe it. Lin. Pan, Suec. Asperula odorata. Woodruff. ASPERULA Lin. Gen. PI. Tetrandria Monogynia. Cor. i-petala, infundlbuliformis. Semina 2, globofa. Rail Syn. Gen. 12. Herbae stellat te. ASPERULA odorata foliis offonis lanceolatis, florum falciculis pedunculatis. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 125. Sp. FI. p. 150. ASPERULA caule ereffo, foliis offonis; petiolis ramofis ereffis, feminibus hirfutis. Haller. IFfi. n. 728. GALIUM odoratum. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 158. ASPERULA feu Rubeola montana odora. Bauh. Pin. 334 ASPERULA. Ger. emac. 966. ASPERULA aut Afpergula odorata. Parkins. 563. Raii Syn. p. 225. Woodroof or WoodrufFc. Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 66. Lightjoot hi. Scot. p. 115. Oeder FI. Dan. t. 562. RADIX perennis, tenuis, articulatus, fluvefcens, paulo infra terram repens, et - plurimas fibrillas di- mittens. CAULIS eredus, fpithamaeus, plerumque fimplex, tetra- gonus, quadnfulcatus, glaber. FOLIA plerumque odona, verticillata, lanceolata, mucronata, glabra, fpinulis ciliata, fig. 1. CORYMBUS terminalis, nudus, eredus. CALYX nullus. COROLLA monopetala, alba, infundlbuliformls. Tubus brevis, germini infidens. Limbus quadripar- titus, tubo longior, laciniis lanceolatis, paten- tibus, crafliufculis. fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, ad apicem tubi, breviffima, alba. Anther.e albidae, longitu- dine flamentorum, oblongae, fublineares, in- 3. PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, viride, fubrotundum, utrinque compreffum, obfolete didymum, hif- pidum. Stylus filiformis, albus, bifidus, antheris brevior. Stigmata duo, globofii, inaequalia, fig. 4, 5, 6. NECTARIUM : Glandula parva bafin ftyli cingens. PERICARPIUM : Bacche duae, ficcae, globohe, coalitae, hifpidac. fig. 7. SEMINA folitaria, fubrotunda, magna, fig, 8. ROOT perennia!, (lender, jointed, of a yellow!fh colour, creering a little below the furface of the earth, and feuding down numerous fmall fibres. STALK upright, about a fpan in height, for the moft part perfedly fimple, four-cornered, with a groove on each fide, and fmooth. LEAVES growing generally eight together in a whirl, lanceolate, terminating in a fmall point, fmooth and edged with fmall fpines. fig, i. CORYMBUS terminal, naked, and upright. CALYX wanting. COROLLA monopetalous, white, funnel-fhaped. Tube fhort, fitting on the germen. Limb divided into four fegments, longer than the tube, feg- ments lanceolate, fpreading, thickifh. Jig. 2. STAMINA: four Filaments at the top of the tube, very fhort and white. Anthers whitifh, the length of the filaments, oblong, fomewhat linear and incumbent. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen placed beneath the corolla, of a green colour, roundifh, flattened on both fides, obfcurely double, and hifpid. Style filiform, white, bifid, fhorter than the an- therae. Stigmata two, globular and une- qual. fig. 4, 5, 6. NECTARY : a fmall Gland furrounding the bafe of the Ryle. SEED-VESSEL : two, dry, round, hifpid berries united together, fig. 7. SEEDS fingle, large and roundifh. fig. 8. The flowers of Woodruff have an agreeable fmell, and the whole plant, when dried, diffufes an odour like that of the fweet-fcented Vernal-grafs. Kept among cloaths, it not only imparts to them an agreeable perfume, bur, according to Linnaeus, prcferves them from infers. Ray informs us, that it gives its flavour to vinous liquors; and that the Germans ufe it mucli for that purpofe. As a medicinal plant, it is fuppofed to attenuate vifcid humours, and flrengthen the tone of the Bowels, whence it is recommended in obftrudions of the liver and biliary duds, and by fome in Epilepfies and Pallies: modem pradice has neverthelefs rejected it. It is common in the woods about London, efpecially Charlton Wood; and flowers in May and June. /y c / ✓ 7 Vt/rt (VW ///// . 24Q f ////{>//>////? . i f < <' C' Cynoglossum Officinale. Houndstongue. CYNOGLOSSUM Lin» Gen. PI. Pentandria Monogynia, Cor. infundibuliformis, fauce claufa fornicibus. Stamina deprefla interiors tantum latere ftylo affixa. Raii Syn. Gen. 13. Herbie asperifoli/e. CYNOGLOSSUM officinale flaminibus corolla brevioribus, foliis lato lanceolalis tomentolis fcfiilibuS. Lin. Syjt. Vegetab. p. 157. Sp. PL p. 192. FL Suec, n. 58. CYNOGLOSSUM foliis ellipticis, lanceolatis, fericeis, caule foliofo. Haller. Hfi. n. 587. CYNOGLOSSUM officinale. Sccpoli FI. Carniol. 191. CYNOGLOSSUM majus vulgare. Baukin. Pin. 257. Ger. emac. 804. Parkins* 5:1. Great Houndftongue* Rail Syn. ed. 3. p. 226. Hitdfon FI. Angl. cd. 2. p. 80. Lighifoot PI. Scot. p. 133. ROOT biennial, the thicknefs of the finger or thumb, a foot or more in length, tapering, blackifh on the out fide, and whit ilb within. STALK two or three feet in height, upright* grooved or angular* villous, very leafy, branched at top; Branches numerous, nearly upright and villous, LEAVES proceeding from the root large, a foot or more in length, {landing on footflalks, ovate, pointed, covered with a filky down which gives them a greyilh colour, veiny, thole of the flalk at lead the uppermeft ones feliile, numerous, placed irregularly on the flalk, up- right, lanceolate, and broaded at the bafe. FLOWERS at firfl of a dull red colour, afterwards be- coming blueifh, growing in racemi or long bunches, and hanging all one way. RACEMI nearly upright, and generally naked. FLOWER-STALKS round, alternate, and downy. ■CALYX: Perianthium deeply divided into five leg* ments, the leaves ovato-lanceolate, upright, downy, bluntifh, (billing on the infide, fig, i. COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-fhaped, Tube cylindri- i cal, thick, of a pale colour, half the length of : the calyx. Limb concave, divided into five ; roundifh fegments. fig. 2, 3. r NECTARY ; five purple Scales, anteriorly hollow, gih- ; bous at top, blunt, inferred into the edge of the tube, half the length of the limb, doling to- gether. fig. 4. Month of the corolla perforated. five Filaments, very fhort. Anther# i oblong, green, hid under the fcaly nectaries. ; fig- 5- 'PISTILLUM: Germina four, of a yellowifh green colour, fmooth. Style tapering, the length \ of the flamina, permanent. Stigma blunt and ► nicked. Jig. 6. 'SEED-VESSEL: four flat Capsules of a roundifh ' fhape, fomewhat prickly, not opening, fixed \ by their points, fig, 7. I SEEDS fingle, fomewhat ovate, gibbous, pointed and I fmooth. fig, 8, RADIX biennis, craffitie digiti feu pollicis, pedalis et 1 ultra, fufiformis, foris nigricans, intus albida. ] i CAULIS bi feu tripedalis, eredus, fulcato-angulatus, J| villofus, foliofiffimus, fuperne ramofus; Ramr\ plurimi, fuberedi, villofi. | . \ FOLIA radicalia magna, pedalia et ultra, petiolata, ova- 3 ta, acuta, lericea hirfutie incana, venofa, cau-1 lina, faltem fuperiora feffilia, conferta, fparfa, 1 ereda, lanceolata, ball latiora. J s i FLORES primo fordide rubentes, demum caerulefcentes, • racemofi, fecundi. ; % « PEDUNCULI teretes, alterni, pubefeentes. ; CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, foliolis ovato-lanceolatis, eredis, pubefeentibus, obtu- fiufcuiis, Interne nitidis, fig. 1. COROLLA: monopetala, infundibuliformis; Tubus cy- iindraceus, crafius, pallidus, calyce duplo bre- vior ; Limbus concavus, quinquefidus, laciniis rotundatis, fig, 2,3. NECTARIUM: Squamae quinque, purpureae, antice concaviufculae, vertice gibbae, obtufa?, margini tubi infertae, limbo duplo breviores, conni- ventes. fig, 4. Faux corollae perforata. STAMINA: F jlamentA quinque, breviffima; An- thers oblongae, virides, fub fquamis neclareis reconditae, fig. 5. PISTILLUM : Germina quatuor, e luteo-virefcentla, glabra; Stylus fubulatus longitudine flami- num, perfidens ; Stigma obtufum, emargi- natum. fig, 6. PERICARP1UM : Capsula quatuor depreffae, fubro- tundae, fcabrae, non dehifcentes, apice affixae. , A-7- . SEMINA folitaria, fubovata, gibba, acuminata, glabra. fig- 8. The leaves of this plant are in fhape thought to refemble a Dog’s-tongue, whence its name. It growTs wild by road fides, and in uncultivated places; and is particularly common about Charlton, and in the road to Lewijham. It flowers in June and July, and ripens its feeds in Augiifl and September. The whole plant has a difagreeable fmell, much refembling that of mice. Its efFeds are faid to be narcotic; and an inftance is related in the FUJI. Oxon. 3. 450*, in which the leaves boiled by miftake for thofe of Comfrev, difordered a whole family, and proved fatal to one. Baron Haller quotes Dr. Blair as deferibing a cafe fome- what fimilar; but in that inftance the plant ufed was not the Cynoglojjurn, but the Pulmonaria maritima -p; a plant one would not fufped of being poifonous. Houndftongue has been ufed in medicine both internally and externally; but the prefent pradice takes no notice of it in any intention. Cattle in general diflike it; but the Goat, who with impunity willeat Deadly Nightfhade and Tobacco, is faid fometimes to crop this naufeous plant; it is the natural food of the caterpillar of the icarlet tyger-moth (Phalana Dommula) which may be found on it in April and May. The Cynoglojjum mumsJolio virente Ger. emac. 805, is confidered by Linnaeus merely as a variety of this plant, and deferibed by Ray as growing in the London road between Kelvedon and Witbam in Pfficx, but more plentifully about Braxfied by the way lides. It has alfo been obferved in fome fhady lanes about JVorceJler by Mr. Fitts', ar Southend, by Rltham, plentifully, IsL.J.Sherard; by the road fide, about a mile beyond )Vallham~abbey, toward*. Harlow, Mr. Newton; At Norbury in Surrey, a mile from Leatherhead, plentifully. Merr. Pin. * “ Mulier quaedam Oxonienfis, et maritus cum Uberis, et quotquot erant illius familiae, folia Cynogloffi (pro tenellis Sympbyti foliis colle&a) cofta, ** libere comedebant; et prandio mox omnes aegre fe habebant, et non multo poft vomitus molelliK infequebaturf deinde itapore st fomno correpti* “ funt, nec poft horas fere 40 penitus excitati; unus autem mortuus ed,” ■f Blair’s Mifcelianeous Obfervations, p. 55. 240 Menyanthes trifouata. Buckbean* MENYANTHES Lin. Gen. PL Pent an dr i a Monogynia. Corolla hirfuta. Stigma 2-fidum. Cap/, i-locularis. Rail Syn. Gen. 18. Herb-® fructu sicco singulari, flore monopetalo. MENYANTHES trifoliata foliis ternatis. Lin. Syfi. Vegetal. p. 164. Sp. FI. 208. FL Suec, 11.173, Fi. Lappon. p. 50, MENYANTHES foliis ternatis. Haller Hjfi. m 633. MENYANTHES trifoliata, Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 212. TRIFOLIUM paluftre. Bauh. Pin. 327. TRIFOLIUM paludofum. Ger. emac, 1194. Parkinf. 1212* TRIFOLIUM fibrinum Tabern, et Germanorum. Rail Syn. p, 285. Mar(h-Trefoil, Buckbeans, Hudfion FL Angl, ed. 2. p. 85. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 137. Oedcr FI. Dan. 541. RADIX perennis, repens, longa, geniculata, fibrofa. CAULIS procumbens, variae longitudinis pro ratione loci, vaginis tedlus. FOLIA petlolata, ternata, ovata, obtufa, utrinque gla- bra, venofii, margine repanda. PETIOLI teretes, (Iriati, bafi vaginati. SCAPUS fimplex, nudus, e vaginis foliorum natus, erec- tus, teres, glaber, foliis longior. - - ▲ i v . * , THYRSUS terminalis, fubpyramidalis, nudus, BRACTEAE ovatae, acutiufculae, concavae. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, quinque par- titum, bafi rugofum, laciniis eredlis, oblongis, obtufis, laevibus, margine coloratis, fig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, campanulato-infundibulifor- mis, extus rofea, intus alba ; Tubus craffus, calyce longior, quinque-fulcatus; Limbus quin- que-partitus, laciniis ovato-lanceolatis, acuti- ufculis, reflexo-patentibus, intus barbatis, api- cibus nudis, barba longitudine calycis, fila- mentofa, alba. fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, fubulata, alba, co- rollae tubo adnata; Antherje purpurafeentes, fagittatae, apicibus incurvis ; Pollen flavum. M- 3- PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum, viride, nitidum ; Stylus cylindricus, fuperne paululum in- craflatus, flaminibus duplo longior; Stigma bilabiatum, flavum, villofum. fig. 4. ROOT perennial, creeping, long, jointed and fibrous. STALK procumbent, various in its length, according to its fituation, covered by the (heaths of the leaves. LEAVES (landing on foot-(lalks, growing three toge- ther, ovate, obtufe, fmooth on both fides, veiny, the edge waved or Terpentine. LEAF-STALKS round, ftriated, forming a (heath at the bottom. SCAPUS, or flowering (tern, fimple, naked, arifing from the (heaths of the leaves, upright, round, fmooth, longer than the leaves. THYRSUS terminal, fomewhat pyramidal, naked. FLORAL-LEAVES ovate, fomewhat pointed and hol- low. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, deeply divided into five fegments, at bottom wrinkly, the fegments upright, oblong, obtufe, fmooth, and coloured on the edge. fig. i. COROLLA monopetalous, betwixt bell and funnel- fhaped, externally of a rofe colour, internally white; Tube thick, longer than the calyx, having five grooves; Limb divided into five fegments, which are narrow and pointed, fpreading and turned back, bearded on the in- fide, the tips naked, beard the length of the calyx, thready and white, fig. 2, STAMINA: five Filaments, tapering, white, grow- ing to the tube of the corolla ; Anther/E purplifh, arrow-(haped, the tips bending in ; Pollen yellow, fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen ovate, green, (hining ; Style cylindrical, above a little thickened, twice the length of the (lamina; Stigma compofed of two lips, green and villous, fig. 4. Parkinson informs us, that in his time this plant was generally called by the name of Marfij-trefoil, and fome- times Marjh-claver ; it is now generally known by the name of Buckbean, whether this be a corruption of the compound word Bog-bean, or of the low Dutch Boex boonen, hoc eft Phafeolum hircinum, or whether it be an ori- ginal Englifh word we (hall not prefume to determine, it being a point on which the learned thernfelves are not agreed ; but there is one point in which all who have feen the Buckbean in perfection will at once agree, viz. that it is one of the moft beautiful plants this country can boaft, nor does it fuffer when compared with the Kalmids, the Rhododendron s, and the Frieds of foreign climes, which are purchafed at an extravagant price, and kept up with much pains and expence, while this delicate native, which might be procured without any expence, and cul- tivated without any trouble, bloflbms unfeen, and waftes its beauty in the defart air. It grows abundantly in mod boggy meadows, it will alfo flourKh in ponds and lakes, and may be found in Batterfea Meadows, particularly about a hundred yards diftant from the Bed Houfe towards Chelfea, alio plenti- fully in the marflies about the illand of St. Helena, near Rotherhithe, and no where in greater plenty than in the marfhes about Staines, in many of which it is the principal plant. It flowers in May and June. To fuch as wiffi to have this plant flower with them in perfe&lon, I would recommend the following mode of cultivation : colled the roots of the plant either in fpring or autumn, put them in a large pot (having a hole at the bottom) filled with bog earth, immerfe the pot about two-thirds of its depth in water, in which it ffiould continue ; the advantage of this method is, that when the plant is coming into flower it may be brought into any room and placed in a pan of water, where it will continue to bloflbm for two or three weeks. A Angle root which I treated in this manner, planted in the fpring, produced the enfuing May eight flowering flems, many of which had fifteen or fixteen bloflbms on them. Linnaeus, in his invaluable Flora Lapponica, has feveral curious obfervatlons on the Buckbean, he informs u$ that the inhabitants of fame parts of Lapland, and alfo of Wcfrobothnia, draw out the roots, which grow plenti- fully in the rivulets, and for want of other fodder give them to their cattle, who confume them entirely; alfo that, in times of fevere fcarcity, the miferable inhabitants mix the powder of the dried roots with a fmall quan- tity of meal and convert them into bread, which, he obferves, is very bitter and extremely naufeous; that it was a general pradice with the peafants of IVeJirogothia, in brewing, to lubflitute the bitter leaves of this plant for the hop, and that they were equally efficacious in preventing the beer from becoming four ;—he concludes his remarks by obferving, that Bartholin, Simon Pauli, and others, have exclaimed much on the feurvy of the northern regions, arifing from cold, and of the profufion of antifcorbutic plants to be met with in thofe countries, among which they enumerate the Buckbean as a principal one ; Linnaeus however aflerts, that out of the great number of Laplanders he had feen not one was affeded with that difeafe, although they lived in the coldeft ha- bitable climate, and ufed no vegetable for their ordinary food, not even bread. On the contrary, he had obferved the feurvy to be one of the moll common difeafes of thofe who inhabited the countries adjacent. Many pbyficians have a high opinion of its medical virtues. “ It is of fubtle penetrating parts, a good diuretic and antifcorbutic, whence it is alfo of great ufe to people “ affiided with rheumatic pains. An infufidn of the dried leaves may either be drank like tea, or they may be in- “ fufed in white wine. It is a very interne bitter, and at firft not very agreeable. Dr. Veering Cat. Stirp. “ Marfh-trefoil is an efficacious aperient and deobflruent, promotes the fluid Accretions, and, if liberally taken, a gently loofens the belly. It has of late gained great reputation in fcorbutic and fcrophulqus diforders; and its “ good effefls in thefe cafes have been warranted by experience ; inveterate cutaneous difeafes have been removed “ by an infufion of the leaves drank to the quantity of a pint a day, at proper intervals, and continued fome “ weeks,” Lewis's Difp. p. 242. It is alfo extolled for its efficacy in removing a variety of other difeafes, as the periodical head-ach, afthma, protracted intermittents, jaundice, dropfy, wandering gout, worms, &c.—-but wc forbear faying more of it on this head, leaft its real virtues ffiould be called in queftion. Dr. Tancred Robinson aflerts, that Iheep are cured of the rot by being driven to feed in marfhes where this plant abounds ; this, if true, would prove a mofl valuable difeovery. Symphytum officinale» Comfrey. SYMPHYTUM Lin. Gen, PI, Pentandria Monogynia. Corolla limbus tubulato ventrlcofus : fauce claufa radiis fubulatis. Rail Syn, Gen. 13. Herb a: Asperifolia:. SYMPHYTUM officinale foliis bvato-lanceolatis decurrentibus. Lin. Syfi, Vegetab. p. 158. Sp. PL 195 FI. Suet. n. 165. SYMPHYTUM Haller. Hifi. n. 600. SYMPHYTUM Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 195. SYMPHYTUM Confolida major. Bauh. pin, 259. CONSOLIDA major. Gerard emac. 806. SYMPHYTUM majus vulgare. Parkinfon 523. Pali Syn. p. 230. Comfrey. Hudfon. FI. Angl. Ed, 2. p. 81, Ligbtfoot FI. Scot. p. 134. RADIX perennis, magna, ramofa, extus nigricans, intus alba, fubdulcenti-infipida, lucco tenaci gluti- nofo abundans. CAULIS bipedal is, eredus, ramofus, teres, fubangula- tus, fcaber ; pube rigida, recurva. FOLIA alterna, inferne petiolata* fuperne fefiilia, decur- rentia, ovata, acuta, fpithamaea, etiam pedalia, parum rugofa, venofa, utrinque fcabra* mar- gine lubundulata, ciliata. FLORES ex albo-lutefcentes, raro purpurei, cernui, racemofi, racemis plerumque geminis, invo- lutis; multifloris. PEDUNCULI racemorum & florum teretes, hirfuti. CALYX: Perianthium rnonophyllum, villofum, pro- funde quinquefidum: laciniis lanceolatis acutis, carinatis, eredis, fg. 1. COROLLA •infundibuliformis, ex luteo-alba, decidua ; !Tubus craflus, longitudine calycis, apice extus notatus pundis quinque deprefiis, fig. 2 j limbus ovatus, e tubo fenfim ampliato, minutim quin- quefidus, laciniis brevibus, rotundatis, revo- lutis; Jaux claufa : fquamis nedareis quinque lanceolatis, acutis, margine crafiis, ferrulato- dentatis, conniventibus, corolla brevioribus. J>g- 4. 5- STAMINA : Filamenta quinque, lanceolata, alba, breviufcula; Anther a: oblongae, apice et bafi bifidae, lutefeentes, eredas, fub fquamis nec- tareis occultatae, jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen quadripartitum : lobis fubro- tundis, obtufis, viridibus; Stylus Tubulatus, albus, inter lobos germinis Turgens, corolla paulo longior, apice obliquus ; Stigma par- vum, obtulum. Jig. 6. SEMINA quatuor in fundo calycis, majufcula,' angulata* nigricantia, nitida. Jg. 7. ROOT perennial, large, branched, on the outfidc blackifh, white within, maukifh, abounding with a (limy juice. STALK about two feet high, upright, branched, round, yet (lightly angular, rough; the hairs rigid and bending backwards. LEAVES alternate, the lower ones (landing on foot- ftalks, the upper ones fefiile, decurrent, ovate, pointed, feven inches, or even a foot in length, fomewhat wrinkly, veined, rough on both fides, the edges (lightly waved, and fringed with hairs. FLOWERS of a yellowifh white colour, rarely purple, drooping, placed on racemi or branches, which ufually grow two together, turn (pirally in- wards, and fupport many flowers. PEDUNCLES both of the racemi and flowers, round and very hairy. CALYX : a Peri ant hi um of one leaf, hairy, deeply divided into five fegments, which are lanceo- late, keel’d and upright. Jig. i. COROLLA funnel-fhaped, of a yellowifh white colour, deciduous; the tube thick, the length of the calyx, marked externally at the top with five fmall deprefiions; jig. 2. the limb ovate from the gradual widening of the tube, divided into five fhort roundifh fegments, which are rolled back ; the mouth doled with live long and pointed nedaries, thick at the edge, with numerous teeth-like points, doling at top, (horter than the corolla. Jig. 4, 5. STAMINA: five, lanceolate, white, (hortifh Fila- ments ; Anthers oblong, bifid both at top and at bottom, of a yellowifh colour, upright, hid by the nedaries. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen divided into four lobes, which are roundifh, blunt and green ; Style taper- ing, white, arifing from the middle betwixt the lobes, a little longer than the corolla, with a fmall obliquity at top; Stigma fmall and blunt. Jig. 6. SEEDS four, in the bottom of the calyx, largifh, angu- lar, blackifh and (hining. Jig. j* The Comfrey is 'a very common plant by river fides, on the edges of wet ditches, and in other moifl fixa- tions ; it flowers from June to September; Its blolibms are for the moll part of a yeliowifh white colour, but in fome parts of England, and abroad, they are more commonly purple. As a medicinal plant the Comfrey has been held in high eftimation, its confolidating virtues have however been carried to a ridiculous excels; the roots, which are full of a glutinous juice, agree in quality with the roots of Marfh-mallow, and hence are recommended, internally, in fpittings of blood, purgings, fluxes, and ulcers of the bladder; externally, by way of poultice to frelh wounds, fradured bones, bad ulcers, bruifes, gouty fwellings, &c. A decodion of the powdered root, prepared in a particular manner, yields a fine fcarlet colour. Hellot teinture, p. 357» It is generally left untouched by cattle. I know of no plant, that on being repeatedly cut down, produces luch a quantity of herbage. Vinca Major. Great Periwinkle. VINCA. Linn, Gen. PL Pentandria Monogynia, Contorta. Folliculi 2, erefti, Semina nuda. Raii Syn. Gen. 17. Herbie multisiliqua seu corniculata. VINCA major caulibus eredis, foliis ovatis, floribus pedunculatis. Linn. SyJL Veg. p. 304. PERVINCA caulibus ere&is, foliis ovato-lanceolatis ciliatis, petiolis unifloris. Haller Hijl. n. 573. PERVINCA major. Scopoli FL Cam. n. 174. CLEMATIS daphnoides major. Bauh. Pin. 302 CLEMATIS daphnoides f. Pervinca major. Ger. emac. 894 CLEMATIS daphnoides latifolia, f. Pervinca major. Park. 380. Raii Syn. p. 268. The greater Periwinkle. Hudfon FL Angl. ed. p. 91. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris albidis feu fufcis. CAULES florigeri erefli, bipedales et ultra, teretes, lateribus alterne fubcompreflis, glabri, rubro maculati, cauliculi etiam funt fteriles qui humi repent aut plantas vicinas fcandent. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovata, glaberrima, minu- tim ciliata, remota, fempervirentia. PEDUNCULI foliis longiores, erefti, teretes, glabri, filiformes, uniflori. FLORES ampli, pallide caerulei. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, laciniis fublinearibus, ciliatis, longitudine fere tubi corollae, 1. COROLLA monopetala, hypocrateriformis, tubus in- ferne cylindraceus, fuperne latior, lineis quin- que infculptus, ore pentagono, albido, limbus horizontalis, quinquepartitus, laciniis extror- fum latioribus, oblique truncatis, fig. 2. STAMINA; Filamenta quinque, breviflima, inflexa, retroflexa; Antherm biloculares, introrfum dehifcentes, membrana pilosa incurva termi- natae, fig. 3. PISTILLUM; Gep.mina duo, comprefla glandulis duabus nitidis liquorem melleum copiofe ef- fundentibus; Stylus utrique unus commu- nis, ad bafm fenfim gracilefcens ; Stigmata duo, inferius orbiculatum, planum, fuperius albiflimum, pilofum, membranis antherarum obteffa, Jig. 4. ROOT perennial and fibrous, the fibres whitifh or of a brown colour. STALKS producing the flowers upright, two feet high and upwards, round, the fides alternately fomewhat flattened, fmooth, dotted with red, there are alfo other ftalks producing no flowers, which creep on the ground or climb the neighbouring plants. LEAVES oppofite, flanding on foot-ftalks, ovate, fmooth, fhining, finely edged with hairs, remote from each other, and evergreen. FLOWER-STALKS longer than the leaves, upright, round, fmooth, filiform, each fupporting one flower. FLOWERS large, of a pale blue colour. CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five feg- ments, the fegments fomewhat linear, ciliated, almoft the length of the tube of the corolla, fs- 1- COROLLA monopetalous, falver-fhaped,' the tube below cylindrical, above broader, having five grooves, the mouth whitifh, five cornered, the limb horizontal, divided into five feg- ments, which are externally broadeft, and obliquely cut off. jig. 2. 1 STAMINA: five Filaments, very fliort, firfl bent 1 in, and afterwards bent back; Anthers bilocular, opening inwardly, terminated by a hairy membrane bent in at top, Jig. 3. ) PISTILLUM: Germina two, prefled by two fliining ) glands which pour forth plentifully a fweet ) liquor; Style one common to both, gra- ) dually tapering to the bafe; Stigmata two, i the lowermofl: round and flat, the uppermoft \ very hairy, covered by the membrane of the J) antherae, Jig. 4. In the Syfema Vegetabilium of Linnaus, the lafh of his works publifhed under his direflion, this plant is fufpe&ed to be a variety of the Vinca minor, a fufpicion for which there appears to be no grounds, and which is contrary to the united opinion of Botanifts both ancient and modern; the minor it is true has many varieties, but they relate to the colour of the bloffoms, and leaves, and the multiplication of the former merely; no alteration is produced in the general habit of the plant, not even by long continued culture; Haller, in his fpecific character ol the major, obferves, that the leaves are finely edged with hairs; fo far as our obfervation extends this is conftanr, and may ferve, if any difficulty of diftinguilhing them fhould arife, to fettle it. Lhe major,, like the minor, is common enough with us in gardens, but rarely met with wild, yet I have noticed it in feveral places, particularly under Lord Stormont’s park pales, on the left-hand fide of the road betwixt Wandfwortb and Putney-Commons and in a field near Beckenham, in Kent, where it was certainly in a wild ftate. It flowers in May and June. It is regarded only as an ornamental plant, but Ihould be introduced into the garden with caution, as it. increafes very much, and is apt to over-run and injure others. Sam olus Valerandi. Round-Leaved Water-Pimpernel. SAMOLUS Lin. Gen, PI, Pentandria Monogynia. Cor, hypocrateriformis. Stamina munita fquamulls corollae. Cap/, uniiocularis. Raii Syn, Gen, 18. Herbie fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. SAMOLUS Valerandi, Lin, Syjt, Vegetal, p, 177. Sp. Pl, p. 243. FI, Suec.n. 192. SAMOLUS. Haller Hijl, n, 707. ANAGALLIS aquatica, rotundo folio non crenato. Bauhin Pin, 252. SAMOLUS Valerandi. Bauh. Hijl. 3. p, 791. ALSINE aquatica, foliis rotundis becabungae. Morif. Hijl. 2. p, 323. f3. t. 24. fi. 28. ANAGALLIS aquatica rotundifolia. Ger, emac. 620. ANAG ALLIS aquatica tertia Lobelii folio fubrotundo non crenato. Parkinfi. p, 1237. Raii Syn. 283* Round-Leaved Water-Pimpernel. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 94. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 142. Oeder FI. Ban. icon. 198. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, alba. CAULIS dodrantalis, aut pedalis, eredus, rigidulus, teres, glaber, plerumque ramofus. FOLIA alterna, petiolata, ovata, obtufa, integerrima, nitida, venis paucis, remotis, notata. PETIOLI breves, lati. FLORES parvi, albi, fpicati. PEDUNCULI plurimi, fparfi, fuberedi, uniflori, te- retes, bradasa lanceolata medio inftrudi. CALYX: Perianthium quinque-partitum,fuperum, bafi obtufum, laciniis eredis, perfiftentibus, fis- !• COROLLA monopetala, hypocrateriformis. Tubus breviflimus, longitudine calycis, patulus. Limbus planus, quinque-partitus, obtufus. Squamulae quinque, breviflimae, ad bafin finus limbi, conniventes, fig. 2, 3. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, brevia, infra la- ciniam corollas fingula. Anthers conni- ventes, luteas, intra tubum corollas, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen inferum. Stylus filiformis, longitudine fere flaminum. Stigma capi- tatum, fig. 5. PERICARPIUM : calyce cinda. unilocularis, ore quinquedentato, dentibus reflexis, fig. 6. SEMINA plurima, exigua, nigra. Receptaculum glo- bolum, magnum, fig. 7, 8. ROOT perennial, fibrous, and white. STALK a fpan or a foot in heighth, upright, fomewhat rigid, round, fmooth, and generally branched. LEAVES alternate, (landing on foot-ftalks, ovate* obtufe, perfedly entire. Aiming, marked with few veins, and thofe diAant. LEAF-STALKS fhort, and broad. FLOWERS fmall, white, growing in fpikes. FLOWER-STALKS numerous, placed in no regular order, nearly upright, each fupporting one flower, round, having a fmall pointed floral leaf growing from the middle of each. CALYX: a Perianthium deeply divided into five fegments, placed above the germen, blunt at the bafe, the fegments upright and per- manent, fig. i. COROLLA monopetalous, falver-fliaped. Tube very fhort, the length of the calyx, open. Limb flat, deeply divided into five fegments, which are obtufe; five very fhort Scales which clofe inward, are fituated at the mouth of this tube, fig. 2, 3. STAMINA: five fhort Filaments placed beneath each fegment of the corolla. Anthers doling together, of a yellow colour, within the tube of the corolla, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen beneath the calyx. Style thread-fhaped, nearly the length of the fla- mina. Stigma forming a little head, fig. 5. SEED-VESSEL: a roundifh Capfiule, covered by the calyx, of one cavity, the mouth having five teeth, which turn back, fig. 6. SEEDS numerous, fmall, and black. Receptacle round and large, fig. 7, 8. Of this genus there is at prefent only one known fpecies, and that an inhabitant of every quarter of the globe : neverthelefs, it is found but fparingly with us ; but may with certainty be met with on the edges of the wet ditches about Woolwich, Charlton, and Greenwich} more particularly in the road leading from New-Crofis Turnpike to the Ifiand oj St. Helena, Rotherhithe, It flowers in July. No particular ufes are attributed to it* 20'0' /a/sJors/o//. Campanula rotundifolia. Heath Bell-flower. CAMPANULA Lin. Gen. P/. Pentandria Monogynia. Cor. campanulata, fundo claufo valvis flammiferis* Stigma trifidura. Caps. infera, poris lateralibus dehifoens. Rati Syn. Gen. 18. Herba: fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. CAMPANULA rotundifolia foliis radicalibus reniformibus, caulinis linearibus. Lin. Syfi. Vegetah. p. 173. Sp. Fiant, p. 232. FI. Suec. n. 184. CAMPANULA foliis ferratis, radicalibus cordatis, caulinis lanceolatis. Haller* Hijh 701* CAMPANULA rotundifolia. Scopoli FI. Cani. n. 124. CAMPANULA minor rotundifolia vulgaris. Bauhin pin. 93. CAMPANULA rotundifolia. Ger. emac. 452. CAMPANULA minor fylveftris rotundifolia. Parkinfon 651. Rail Syn. p. 277. The leffer round- ieaved Bell-flower. Hudfon. FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 95. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 141. ROOT white, thickifh, moderately fibrous, fweetifh, and creeping. STALKS; from the fame root feveral, a foot or more in height, fomewhat upright, but weak and crooked, round, fmooth, folid, milky, and branched. LEAVES of the root fomewhat heart or kidney fhaped, (landing on footftalks, toothed, or fawed, thofe of the (talk near the bafe lanceolate and toothed, near the fummit linear and entire. FLOWER-BRANCHES Ipreading, fimple or branched, alrnofl naked. FLOWERS perfectly bell-fhaped, of a blue colour, and drooping a little. CALYX : a Perianthium divided into five fogments, upright, fmooth, grooved, permanent, the fegments linear. Jig. r. COROLLA monopetalous, bell-fhaped, divided into five fegments at the brim* which are pointed and fpreading. Jig, 2. STAMINA: five very fine, fhort Filaments inferted into the tips of the valves of the nedary ; Anthers longer than the filaments, flatten’d, at firft purplilh, afterwards brown. Jig. 3, 4, 5. PISTILLUM : Germen beneath the calyx, grooved ; Style thread-fhaped ; Stigma oblong, thickifh, externally villous, divided into three fegments which are rolled back. Jig. 6, 7, 8. NECTARY in the bottom of the corolla, formed of five pointed valves clofing and covering the receptacle. Jig. 5. RADIX alba, crafiiufcula, modice fibro fa, fubdulcis, repeas. CAULES ex una radice plures, pedales et ultra, fub- eredi, debiles, flexuofi, teretes, glabri, folidi, ladefcentes, ramoli. FOLIA radicalia cordato-reniformia, petiolata, dentafo- ferrata, caulina prope bafin lanceolata, dentata, fumma linearia, integerrima. RAMI floriferi, patuli, fimplices feu ramofi, fubnudi. FLORES perfede campanulati, caerulei, parum nutantes. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, eredum, glabrum, fulcatum, perfiftens, laciniis linea- ribus. Jig. 1. COROLLA monopetala, campanulata* limbo quinque- fido, laciniis acutis, patentibus, jig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta quinque, capillaria, bre- viflima, inferta valvularum nedarii apicibus; Anthers filamentis longiores, comprefiae, primo purpurafeentes, dein fufeae. Jig. 3, 4, 5. PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, fulcatum; Stylus filiformis; Stigma tripartitum, oblongum, craffiufculum, externe villofum, laciniis revo- lutis. Jig. 6, 7, 8. NECTAR IUM in fundo corollae, conflrudum valvulis quinque, acutis, coimiventibus, receptaculum tegentibus* Jig. 5. When the Campanula rotundifolia grows among herbage, its radical leaves, which are of a roundifh figure, at lead compared with mod of the plants of the fame genus, are feldom obferved, unlcfs particularly fought for, while thofe of the ftalk are feen by every one to be linear ; hence the name of rotundifolia to mod beginners appears abfurd. Linnaeus in giving it this name has followed the antient Botanids, as will appear from con- fulting the fynonyms. This plant, as well as the Fpilobium anguf folium, points out to the dudent the neceffity of attending to the following botanic axiom, thofe bloffoms which arc on the point of expanjton Jhew the frudiure of the famina to the mqjl advantage, as thofe which are overblown do that of the flgrna. Subject to the fame variation in point of fize with all other plants, it may be found from * two inches to a yard in height, its radical leaves in certain fituations are found without any notches, in which cafe it is more truly rotundifolia ; its bloffoms alio vary in their colour, being lometirnes found white and fometimes purple. The dalks and branches, when broken, give out a milky juice, which has a difagreeable fmell. It grows plentifully on heaths, and by the road fidcs in barren hilly fituations, and flowers from June to September. Having a perennial and a creeping root it is eafily cultivated in the Garden. LiNNiEUS fays a green pigment is prepared from the flowers, but does not inform us in what manner. * Mr. Lightfoot found it of that height in Scotland* (any/amt/a /ro^cn^/j/o/'a. Chironi a Centaurium. Centaury. CHIRONIA Lin. Gen. PL Pentandria Monogynia. Cor. rotata. Pifiillum declinatum. Stamina tubo corollae infidcntia. Anther# demum fpirales. Pericarp. 2-loculare RatiSyn. Gen. 18. Herba: fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. CHIRONIA Centaurium. GENTIANA Centaurium corollis quinquefidis infundibuliformibus, caule dichotomo, piftillo fimplici* hin. Syji. Vegetab. p. 122. Sp. Piant, p. 332. FI. Suec, m 232. GENTIANA caule dichotomo ; floribus infundibuliformibus, ftriatis, quinquefidis. Haller. Hijl. n. 648; GENTIANA Centaurium. Scopolt FL Carn. n* 293. CENTAURIUM minus Bauh. Pin. 278. CENTAURIUM minus vulgare. Parkins. 272* CENTAURIUM parvum. Gerard, emac. 547. Rail Syn. p. 286. Small Purple Centory, Hudfort FL Angi. ed. 2. p. 102. Light foot FL Scot. p. 152. annua, fibrofa, lignola, flavefcens. • CAULIS fpithamaeus, et ultra, ere&us, plerumque, fimplex, glaber, angulofus. FOLIA oppofita, feflilia, glabra, radicalia oblonga, apice obtufa, bafi anguftata, caulina ovato- lanceolata, erecla, trinervia, fuperioribus faepe incurvis. FLORES rofei, corymbofi, erefti, fefliles. CxALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, quinquefi- dum, eredum, corollas fubagglutinatum, per- fiftens, laciniis fubulatis, fubtriangulanbus, membrana connexis, fig. 1, 2. ausi. COROLLA monopetala, infundibnliformis, tubus cy- iindraceus, firiatus, tenuiflimus, calyce duplo longior, limbus quinquepartitus, roieus, laci- niis ovatis, patentibus, fig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, alba, filiformia, ex apice tubi enata. Antherm oblongae, in- cumbentes, flavae, demum fpiraliter contortae. fig. 4, 5, 6. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen oblongum, tubum corollae im- plens. Stylus albus, filiformis, germine dimidio brevior, declinatus, aliquando bifidus. Stigma craflum, bilobum, villofum, fig, 7, 8, 9. PERICARPIUM: Capsula oblonga, acuta, nitida, tubo corollae obteda, bilocularis, bipartibilis. SExMINxA numerofa, parva, fubrotunda, flavefcentia. ROOT annual, fibrous, woody, and of a yellowifk colour- STALK about feven inches high or more, upright, generally fimple* fmooth, and angular. LEAVES oppoiice, fefiile, fmooth, thofe of the root oblong, blunt at the point and narrowed at the bale; thofe of the fialk narrow, pointed,' upright, three-ribbed, the uppermofl often bent inward. FLOWERS rofe-coloured, growing in a corymbus, upright, and fefiile. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, divided into five fegments, upright, (lightly glued to the corolla, permanent, the fegments tapering to a point, fomewhat triangular, connected by a ■ membrane. fig. I, 2. magnified. COROLLA monopetalous, funnel-(liaped, the tube cy- lyndrical, ftriated, extremely thin, twice the length of the calyx, limb divided into five feg- ments, of a rofe-colour, the fegments ovate and fpreading. fig. 3. STAMINA : five Filaments, white, thread-fhaped, fpringing from the top of the tube. An- THERA? oblong, incumbent, of a yellow co- lour, finally tvvifted. fig. 4, 5, 6. PISTILLUM: Germen oblong, filling the tube of the corolla. Style white, of equal thick- nefs throughout, half the length of the ger- men, inclining to one fide, fometimes bifid- Stigma thick, compofed of two lips and villous, fig. 7, 8, 9. SEED-VESSEL: a Capsule, of an oblong (liape, pointed, finning, covered by the tube of the corolla, divifible into two parts, with a cavity in each. SEEDS numerous, final), roundilh, of a yellowifli colour. Thofe who have been accuftomed to confider this well-known plant as a Gentiana, will be ftartled at feeing it here firft announced as a Chironia ; but when they come attentively to examine its parts of frudification they will wonder how they could lb readily acquiefce in joining it to a genus with which its (Iruduie is wholly inecon- cileable. It agrees perfedly with Linnaeus’s charader of the genus Chironia, the effence of which confifts in its twjfted Anther*; and it is worthy of obfervation, that the blofibms of two of the Chironia s, not unfrequently met with in the gardens of the curious, are of the fame colour as the Centaury. Ihefe fads have induced me to add a new genus to the Englifii Catalogue, whereby this plant fortunately affumes its proper name*. # The Centaury grows wild in dry and barren fields, on heaths by the fides of hedges, and lometimes in woods, where it ufually acquires a greater height. In the neighbourhood of Charlton and Coombe Woods it is not untrequent, and flowrers in July and Auguft. A variety, with white flowers, is not uncommon. . This herb is extremely bitter, with a difagreeable tafle, whence, Baron Haller obferves, the ancients called it fel terras, or gall of the earth. From an idea, however, that all bitters are good fiomachic medicines, it has acquired no fmali degree of medicinal fame, and is particularly recommended in all weaknefles of the Stomach, alio in the Jaundice, Green-licknefs, Worms, Agues, Gout, Scurvy, &c. It may be given in (übfiance to a drachm; in mfufion or decoblion to two ounces , the extrablto a fcruplc. Authors have remarked, that it is a plant very difficult of cultivation. * Centaury has it name or *.,„.1%».' from Chiron the Centaur, « Centaurea curatus dicitur Chiron, cum Herculis excepti hofpitio pcrtr.Ltandi arma fagitta excidi liet in pedem : quare aliqui Chironion vocant.” Plin. I. 25, c, 6./. 635. C/u ram/t Cn<’/r//rr/ // m. 24$ (V/ / / A;///'///// ///. . C Chenopodium Hybridum. Thorn-apple-leaved Goosefoot. CHENOPODIUM Lin. Gen. PL Pentandria Digynia. Cal. 5-phyllus, 5-gonus. Cor. o. Sem. 1 lenticulare, fuperum. RaiiSyn. Gen. 5. Herba: flore imperfecto seu stamineo (vel apetalo potius). CHENOPODIUM Hybridum foliis cordatis angulato-acuminatis, racemis ramofis nudis. Lin. Syji. Veget, p. 216. Sp. Pl. p. 319. EI. Su:c, n. 220. CHENOPODIUM foliis glabris feptangulis, floribus paniculatis. Haller. Hi/l. n. 158S. ATRIPLEX fylveftris latifolia, acutiore folio. Bauh. Pin. 119. CHENOPODIUM Stramonii folio. Vaillant, Paris 36. t. •j.f 2 CHENOPODIO affinis, folio lato, laciniato, in longiffimum mucronem procurrente, florum ramulis fpariis. Raii Hift. III. 123. BLITUM Aceris folio. Pet. H. Erit. 8. 7. ATRIPLEX odore et folio Stramonii minori tamen. Led. Triumf. apud fratrem. Raii Syn. p. 154. Hudfon. FL Angi. ed. 2. p. 105. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, fibris plurimis, capil- laceis, patentibus. CAULIS pedalis, ad bipedalem ere&us, ramofus, angu- latus, glaber. FOLIA petiolata, alterna, glabra, fine farina, venofa, fubtriangularia, patentia, utrinque plerumque tridentata, acuminata, dentibus magnis, re- motis. PETIOLI foliis breviores, fubrugofi, inferne convexi, fuperne canaliculati. FLORES paniculati. PANICULA ampla, ramofiflima nuda. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, perfidens, foliolis ovatis, obtufiufculis, pulverulentis, margine membranaceis. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque fubulata, flavef- centia, longitudine calycis. Anthers di- dymae, fubrotundae, flavae, Jig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen orbiculatum. Stylus bipar- titus, brevis.. Stigmata minima, fubre- flexa. fig. 3. SEMEN e nigro caftaneum orbiculare, depreflum, intra calycem. ROOT annual, fimple and fibrous, fibres numerous, capillary, and' fpreading. STALK from one to two feet high, upright, branched, angular, and perfectly fmooth. LEAVES (landing on foot-flalks, alternate, fmooth, without any meal, veiny, fomewhat triangu- lar, fpreading, furniflied with three teeth on each fide, and running out to a long point, : the teeth large, and didant from each other. LEAF-STALKS (horter than the leaves, fomewhat . wrinkled, convex on the under, and hollow : on the upper fide. ; FLOWERS growing in a panicle. : PANICLE large, very much branched and naked. ■CALYX: Perianthium of five leaves and perma- ; nent, leaves ovate, fomewhat obtufe, mealy, ; membranous at the edge, J COROLLA wanting. : STAMINA: Filaments five, tapering, yellowifh, the ’ length of the calyx. Anthers double, \ roundifh, and yellow, fig. 2. ■PISTILLUM: Germen round, but lomewhat flattened. \ Style (hort, bipartite. Stigmata very \ fmall, turned fomewhat back. fig. 3. 'SEED of a dark chcfnut colour, orbicular,*flattened, \ contained within the calyx. Linnaeus, when he bellowed on this Chenopodium the name Hybridum, had an Idea, as may be learned from his Flora Suecica *, that it was a fpurious plant produced from the viride: repeated obfervations would probably have taught him, that this opinion was too haftily adopted, as the hybridum has certainly as great pretenflonsto be confldered as an original fpecies, as the viride, the album, or any other. Indeed it Is one of thole Chcnopodiums which varies the leafl: of any ; and, befldes the form of its leaves, which referable thole of the Thorn-apple, and its peculiarly branched and naked panicle of flowers, it has a ftrong and difagreeable fmell, which forne have compared to that of the Thorn-apple: Alio fown in the garden it produces invariably the likenefs of the original plant. Of all the EngliJJj plants of this genus, and we have them all (the maritimum excepted) growing wild about London, the environs of which are in many places peculiarly favourable to their growth, this is by far the fcarcefl. I have hitherto dilcovered it in one place only, and that fparingly, viz. in Batlerfea Fields, betwixt the Windmill Meadow and the road leading to Chelflea Bridge adjoining the gardener’s ground. It flowers in Augiji. It is mentioned, in the third edition of Mr. Ray’s Synop/is, to have been found by Mr. Sherard on the banks of fome watery pits beyond Ely, and by Mr. Dale about Colchejier. Mr. Hudson deferibes it as growing plenti- fully about North-fleet; and Mr. Lightfoot enumerates it among his Scottijh plants. Some authors fufpect it to be poifonous. Tragus, in particular, mentions it as a plant fatal to fwine. * Habet multa communia cum praecedente (viride) ut forte olim ab eodem ortum fit, quod racemorum firudura indicat. FI. Suce. n. 220. p. 80* Bunium Bulbocastanum. Earth-Nut. BUNIUM Lin. Gt;a P/. Pentandria Digynia. Corolla uniformis* Umbella conferta. Frudlus ovatus* Rail Syn. Gen. 11. Herbae. BUNIUM Bulbocafianum, Lin. Syfi, Veget ah, p, 229. Sp. Pl. p. 349. BULBOCASTANUM* Haller Hifi. n. 783. BULBOCASTANUM. I. B. III. 2. 30. BULBOCASTANUM majus folio apii, Bauhin. Pin. 162, BULBOCASTANUM majus et minus. Ger. emac. 1065. NUCULA terreflris major. Parkinf. 893. Rati Syn. p. 209. Earth-Nut, Kipper-Nut, Pig-Nut» Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 122. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 156. Oeder, FI. Dan. t, 220. RADIX perennis, tuberofa, extus cafianei coloris, intus alba, folida, fibras tum ab imo tum a lateribus promens tenues, gufiu fubdulci grato, pro- funde in terra delitefcente. CAULIS pedalis, ad bipedalem, eredus, teres, firmulus, craffitie pennas coracis, fubhriatus, glaber, penitus viridis, ramofus. FOLIA radicalia longe petiolata, caulina feflilia, omni- bus tenuilfime divifis, fceniculi modo, faturate viridibus, marginibus foliorum ad lentem acu- leato-ciliatis, fig. 7. aut7* Spatha brevis, ful- catus, laevis, margine membranacea, albida, UMBELLtE plures, univerfalis multiplex radiis feptem ad duodecim, partialis brevillima, conferta, radiis circiter duodecim. INVOLUCRUM univerfale polyphyllum, lineare, breve, faepe nullum; partiale fetaceum, lon- gitudine umbellulae, aliquando nullum. Pe* rianthium proprium vix manifeftum. COROLLA univerfalis uniformis, flofculi plerique fer- tiles ; propria Petalis quinque, inflexo-cordatis aequalibus, fig, 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque alba, Tubulata, co- rolla longiora, decidua. Anthers fimplices, flavefccntes, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, inferum, viride. Styli duo albi, fuberedi. Stigmata obtufa, /g- 4, 5- SEMINA duo, oblongo-ovata, hinc convexa inde plana, glabra, lubaromatica, fig. 6, 7. ROOT perennial, tuberous, on the outfide of a chefnut colour, within white, folid, putting forth (lender fibres from the fides as well as the bottom, of an agreeable fweetifh tafie, lying deep in the ground. STALK from one to two feet high, upright, round, ftiffifh, the thicknefs of a crow-quill, (lightly (Iriated, fmooth, throughout'of a green colour, and branched. LEAVES from the root handing on long foot-fialks, thofe of the (talk fefiile, all of them very finely divided like fennel, the fmall leaves edged , with prickly hairs, fig, 1. magn. Sheath (hort, grooved, fmooth, the edge membranous and whitifh. UMBELLS feveral, the general one compofed of many rays from feven to twelve; the partial one very (hort, the rays about twelve and clofe. INVOLUCRUM : the general one compofed of many leaves, linear, (hort, often wanting; the par- tial one fetaceous, the length of the fmall um- bell, often wanting. Partial Perianthium fcarcely manifeh. COROLLA: general Corolla uniform, mod of the flowers fertile ; individual one compofed of five Petals, heart-fhaped, bent in at top, and equal, fig, 2. STAMINA: five Filaments of a white colour, taper- ing, longer than the corolla, deciduous. An- thers fimple and yellowifii, fig, 3. PISTILLUM; G ermen oblong, beneath the corolla, of a green colour. Styles two, white, nearly upright. Stigmata blunt, 5. SEEDS two, of an oblong-ovate fhape, convex on one fide and flat on the other, fmooth, and fome- what aromatic, fig, 6, 7. Children are frequently in the practice of digging up and eating the knobby roots of this plant, which, by fome, are fuppofed to referable the chefnut in its tafle, whence its name of Bulbocajtanum. Pigs alfo feek for it with avidity, from which circumflance it has alfo obtained the name of Pig-Nut. Few of our Umbelliferi have the charadterißic marks which dißinguifh the Bunium; the principal of which are its knobbed root, and finely divided fennel-like leaves. The one which approaches the nearefl to it is the Oenanthe fifiulofa?, efpecially when growing on ditch banks, where it is frequently thrown when the ditches are cleanfed, or when it is cultivated in gardens; the roots, in fuch fituations, are fo fimilar to thofe of the Bunium, as to deceive even good judges. The radical leaves of the plant are alfo finely divided ; it would be no wonder, therefore, if they fhould be miflaken for the Earth-Nut. A paper was publifhed, about a year ago, in one of the Magazines, the London, if I miflake not, in which the roots of the Oenanthe crocata, well known for their poifonous effedts, were faid to have been eaten for thofe of this plant. We fufpedl, however, from various circumflances, that they were the roots of the Oenanthe fifiulofa. It is our intention to make a more minute inquiry into this matter, and give our reafons more at large for this fufpicion, when we figure that fpecies. The Earth-Nut with us grows chiefly in woods, paflures, and orchards, and flowers in June. r C/i /v//way /aataany. 2/3 C/tf/y}/?// //////n 'N/Zt/Aifye CHjEROP HYLLUM SyLVESTR E. COMMON Cow-Parsle y. CILEROPHYLLUM Lin.Gen.PL Pentandria Digynia. Involucr. reflexum, concavum. Petala inflexo-cordata. FruPlus oblongus, laevis. Raii Syn. Gen. 11. herb.e. CILEROPHYLLUM fylvejire caule laevi ftriato, geniculis tumidiufculis. Lin. Syji. Vegetab. p. 238. Sp. Pl. p. 369. FI. Suec. n. 257. CEREFOLIUM foliis acute dentatis triplicato pinnatis, glabris, nervis hirfutis. Haller Hijl. n, 748. CHEROPHYLLUM Jylvcfire. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 366. MYRRHIS fylvefiris feminibus laevibus. Bauhin Pin. 170. CICUTARIA vulgaris. Dod. Pempt. 701. MYRRHIS fylvefiris. Parkinjon 935. CICUTARIA alba Lugdunenfis. Ger. emac. 1038. Raii Syn. p. 207. Wild Chervil. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 124. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 167. RADIX perennis, craflitie digiti intermedii, ad bafin faepius rampfa, extus pallide fufca, intus ai- J bida, fuccum vix la&eum fundens. I CAULIS bipedalis et ultra, ereftus, craflitie digiti • minimi, fiftulofus, fulcatus, plerumque vil- ’ lofus, et faepius purpurafcens, ramofus, ge- niculatus, geniculis paululum incraflatis ; ra- [ mi fubere&i, minus pubefcentes. FOLIA radicalia multiplicato-pinnata, faepe amplif- fima; Coftae hirfutae, fiftulofae, dorfo acute angulatae, antice canaliculatae, ortaeque ex vagina brevi ftriataque, pinnulae lanceolatae, acutae, ferrato-incifae, plerumque hirfutae; caulina et ramea fucceflive minora minufque divifa, caeterum fimilia, fuperiora faepe op- pofita aut terna cum totidem ramis axillari- bus. UMBELLzE planiufculae, nec denfae, nec plantae ra- tione amplae, ante anthefm nutantes, ra- diis compofitae a feptem ad o&odecim, gra- cilibus, teretibus et glabris. INVOLUCRUM univerfale nullum, partiale penta- phyllum et ultra, foliolis acuminato-ovatis, concavis, glabris, ad oras fubciliatis, um- bellulis duplo brevioribus, tandem reflexis. FLORES inodori, pauci fteriles. COROLLA: Petala plana, et obverfe ovata, albida, centralium flofculorum fubaequalia, exteri- orum vero extimum majus, et fubcordato emarginatum, Jig. 1, 2, 3. STAMINA: F ilamenta quinque albida, brevia et caduca. Anthers fubrotundae, didymae, flavefcentes, Jig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen inferum, turbinatum, utrin- que comprefiiufculum, lucidum; glandula ne&arifera coronatum. Styli duo, albi, parviufculi. Stigmata fimplicia, Jig. 5,6. SEMINA duo, oblonga, antice fulcata, caeterum te- retia, laevia, nitida, nigricantia, inodora, fa- pore vix ullo, Jig. 7. ROOT perennial, the thicknefs of the middle finger, mod commonly branching out from the bafe, externally of a pale-brown colour, internally whitifh, full of a juice which can fcarcely be called milky. STALK two feet high and upwards, upright, the thicknefs of the little finger, hollow, grooved, generally villous, and moil commonly pur- plilh, branched, jointed, joints fomewhat thickened; branches nearly upright, lefs hoary than the fialk. LEAVES next the root many times pinnated, often very large ; the ribs hirfute, fiftulous, form- ing a (harp angle on the back, hollow in front, and arifing from a (hort ftriated fheath, the fmall pinnae lanceolate, pointed, deeply and irregularly ferrated, generally hirfute, the leaves of the fialk and branches fuccef- fively fmaller, and lefs divided, in other re- fpefts fimilar, the upper ones often oppo- lite or growing three together, with as many axillary branches. UMBELLS flattifh, neither thick nor large for the fize of the plant, drooping before the expansion of the flowers, compoled of feven to eighteen radii, which are (lender, round, and fmooth. INVOLUCRUM the general one wanting, the partial one compofed of five leaves or more, which are ovate, pointed, hollow, fmooth, fome- what hairy on the edges, twice as (hortas the fmall umbells, finally turned back. FLOWERS fcentlefs, a few of them barren. COROLLA : Petals flat, inverfely ovate, whitifh, thofe of the central flowers nearly equal, but the outermoft of the outer ones large!!, fome- what heart-fhaped and nicked, jig. i, 2, 3. .STAMINA: Filaments five, whitifh, (hort, and > deciduous. Anthers nearly round,double, and yellowifh. Jig. 4. r PISTILLUM : Germen placed beneath the corolla, broadeft at top, flattifh on both fides, (hining, crowned with a nectariferous gland. Styles two, white and fmall. Stigmata fimple, I fig- 5’ 6- : SEEDS two oblong, with a groove in the fore-part, round, fmooth, (hining, blackifti, without fcent, and almoft taftelefs, Jig. 7. In many parts of the kingdom this plant is well known by the name of Cow-parjley, a term we adopt in preference to Cozo-weed, or wild Chervil; the former being applicable to the Cow-parfnep alfo, and the latter more properly belonging to the Scandix Cerejohum and odorata. Linn lEUs’s fpecific charafler of this Chcerophyllum is only applicable to the upper part of the plant: the lower part of the ftalk, by which it is moll obvioufly diftinguifhed, is ftrongly grooved, and covered with numerous fhort hairs. It is one of the moft common, as well as the earlieft in our umhelliferi, flowering in warm fixa- tions in April, and generally with us in May. It grows chiefly in orchards, paftures, and under hedges. In flickered fixations it produces a large crop of early foliage; hence it has been recommended by fome writers on agriculture as worthy the attention of the farmer, more efpecially as cows are faid to be fond of it. To rabbits it is a luxurious treat, as thofe who keep them pretty generally know. In time of fcarcity, the young leaves, in fome parts of the kingdom, are ufed as a pot-herb : the boiled roots are faid to have a poifonous quality, perhaps without any foundation. Linn.eus remarks, in his Flora Sue cic a, that its prefence indicates a fertile foil; and that its flowers are capable of communicating a yellow dye to woollen cloth. <• //// \ mift/y/ruM Myosurus minimus. Mous e-t ail. MYOSURUS Lin, Gen. PI, Pentandria Polygynia. Cal. 5-phyllus, bafi adnatus. Nediaria 5 Tubulata, petaliformia. Sem. numerofa. RaiiSyn. Gen. 15. Herba: semine nudo polyspermy. MYOSURUS minimus. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 254. Sp. PI. p. 407. FI. Susc. n. 276, MYOSURUS. Haller. Hijl. n. 1159. HOLOSTEO adfinis Cauda muris. Bauh. Pin. 190. CAUDA MURINA. Dod. Pempt. 112. RANUNCULUS gramineo folio, flore caudato, feminibus in capitulum fpicaturn congeflis. Tournefort Injl. 293. MYOSUROS. Dillen. Nov. Gen. p. 108. t. 4. HOLOSTEUM Loniceri, Cauda muris vocatum. Park. 500 CAUDA MURIS. Gerard emac. 426. RaiiSyn. 251. Moufe-tail. Lightjoot PI. Scot, p. 179. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 130. RADIX annua, fibrofa. FOLIA, omnia radicalia, viglnti circiter in planta mediae magnitudinis, ereda, longitudine inaequali, linearia, fuperne latiora, compreffa, utrinque obfblete canaliculata, glabra, lubcarnofa, ob- tufa, e flavo-vindia, bafi rubicunda. SCAPI quatuor, quinque, aut plures, uniflori, eredi, bipollicares et ultra, foliis longiores, teretes, fuperne paulo crafliores, glabri. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis ob- longis, obtufis, concavis, herbaceis, patenti- bus. Unguibus pollice elongatis, appreffis, acuminatis, jig. i, 2, COROLLA : Petala quinque, calyce breviora, minu- tiffima, flavefcentia, unguiculata, limbo patente, baf lubtubulofa. Jig. 3. aud» 5. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, vel plura, longitu- dine fere calycis, receptaculo inlerta, fili- formia, alba, ereda. Anthers oblongae, lutefcentes. jig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germina numerofa, receptaculo in for- mam conico-oblongam infidentia. Styli nulli. Stigmata minima, fimplicia. Jig. 6. PERICARPIUM nullum. Receptaculum longiffimum, flyliforme, feminibus imbricatim dilpofitis tedum. Jig. 7. SEMINA numerofa, compreffa, mucronata. Jig. 8, 9. ROOT annual and fibrous. LEAVES, all of them radical, about twenty in a plant of a middling fize, upright, of unequal length, linear, broadeft at top, and flattened, faintly channeled on each fide, fmooth, lomewhat flefhy, blunt, of a yellowifh green colour, and reddifh at the bale. FLOWERING-STEMS four, five, or more, each fnpport- ing one flower, upright, two inches or more in length, longer than the leaves, round, fmooth, and a little thickeft at the top. CALYX: a Perianthium of five leaves, the leaves oblong, obtufe, hollow, herbaceous, fpreadmg. Claws lengthened out behind, prefled to the flowering Item, and tapering to a point. Jig. I, 2. COROLLA : five Petals, fhorter than the calyx, very minute, of a yellowifh colour, clawed, the limb fpreading, fomewhat tubular at its bafe. fig. 3. raagu. 5. STAMINA: Filaments five or more, almofl the length of the calyx, fixed to the receptacle, thread-fhaped, white, upright. Anthers oblong and yellowifh. fig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germina numerous, fitting on a re- ceptacle, of an oblong, conic fhape. Styles none. Stigmata very imall and Ample. M-6■ SEED-\ ESSEL none. Receptacle very long, flyle- fhaped, covered with feeds, laying one over another. Jig. y. SEEDS numerous, flat, and pointed. Jig. 8, 9. Some of the early Botanifts gave to this plant the name of Moufe-tail, more from the general appearance of the plant than any particular attention to generic character. Tournefort afterwards arranged it with the Ranunculi, Dillenius, not fatisfied with fuch arrangement, made a diftinft genus of it; which has been adopted by Linnaeus. The ftrudure of the whole fructification is lingular, and deferving the attention of the young Botanift; in particular, he fhould be careful to diftinguifh the Corolla from the Stamina. This delicate little annual grows in corn and clover-fields, and by path-fides, efpecialiy where water has been apt to flagnate. It is found about IJllngton, Paddington, and Pancrafs\ but with more certainty in the fields about Dulwich, efpecialiy on the right-hand-fide of Lordjhip-lane, near Dulwich Wood» It flowers in May and June, and ripens it feed in July and Augufl. Peplis Portula. Water Purslane. PEPLIS Lin. Gen. PL Hexandria Monogynia. Perianth, campanulatum: ore 12-fido. Petala 6, calyci inferta. Capf. 2-locularis. Rail Syn. Gen. 25. Herbie et vasculiferai;. PEPLIS Portula floribus apetalis. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 283. Sp. PI. p. 474. fl. Suec. n. 311. PEPLIS petalis fenis, faepiflime apetala. Haller Hijl. n. 856, ALSINE paluftris minor ferpyllifolia. Bauh. Pin. 120. ANAGALLIS Serpyllifolia aquatica. I. B. 111. p. 372. GLAUX aquatica folio fqbrotundo. Loefel. p. 106. ic. 20. GLAUX altera fubrotundo folio. Boccone t. 84. Vaillant. Bot. par. t. 15. f. 5 GLAUCOIDES paluftre portulacae folio, purpureo flore. MicheL p. 21. t. 18. PORTULA. Dillen. Nov. PL Gen. p. 133. t. 7 ALSINE rotundifolia f. Portulaca aquatica. Ger, cm. 614 ALSINE aquatica minor folio oblongo f. Portulaca aquatica. Park. 1260. Raii Syn. p. 368. Water Purflane. Hudfon. FL Angl. Ed, p. 147. Lightfoot FL Scot. p. 187. RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULIS palmaris et ultra, tetragonus, repens, ra- mofus, laevis, rubicundus, geniculatus. FOLIA oppofita, fubrotunda, petiolata, integerrima, glabra, nervo medio rubicundo. FLORES oppofiti, axillares, feffiles, minimi. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, campanu- latum, perfiAens, maximum, ore duodecim- fido, denticulis alternis minoribus, refiexis, fs- 1- COROLLA: Petala raro fex, ovata, minutiAima, rofea, calycis fauci inferta, fig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta fex, fubulata, brevia. An- THERi; fubrotundae, fig, 3. PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum. Stylus breviAi- mus. Stigma orbiculatum, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: Capsula fubrotunda, bilocularis, tenuiAima, pellucida, fig. 5. SEMINA plurima, minima, albida, angulata, fig. 6. ROOT annual and fibrous. STALK a hand’s breadth or more in length, fqunre, creeping, branched, fmooth, and red. LEAVES oppofite, roundifh, Handing on foot-Aalks, perfe&ly entire, fmooth, and finning, the midrib reddiAi. FLOWERS oppofite, in the alas of the leaves, feffile, and very {mall. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, bell-fiiaped, permanent, very large (in proportion to the petals) the mouth cut into five fegments, of which the alternate ones are leaft and turned back. fig. i. COROLLA: Petals feldom fo many as fix, ovate, very fmall, rofe-coloured, inferted into the mouth of the calyx. fig. 2. STAMINA : fix Filaments, tapering and Aiort. Anthers roundifli, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen ovate. Style very Aiort. Stigma round, fig. 4. SEED-VESSEL : a roundiAi Capsule of two ca- vities, extremely thin and pellucid, fig. 3. SEEDS numerous, very minute, whitiAi and angular. The numerous fynonyms prefixed to the defcription of this plant (hew in what a variety of lights it has been viewed by different Botanifts. Thofe of early times called it Alfine, as they did almoft every plant whofe parts of fruftification were fmall, and which bore the moff diAant fimilitude to Chickweed. Micheli and Dillenius in their refpe&ive Nova Genera wrought much reformation in thefe minute plants; and if they did not arrive at the ultimatum of defcription and figure, they paved the way to it. The Peplis Portula is a very common plant in pools of water that are apt to be dried up in the fummer, particularly on heaths. It flowers from June to AuguA. Its petals are very minute, and frequently fall Aiort of their proper number. a /////////// /// Polygonum amphibium. Amphibious Fersicaria. POLYGONUM Lin. Gen. PI. Octandbia TrigyniA. Cal. o. Cor, 5-partita, calycina. Sear. i. angulatum; Rail Syn. Gen. 5. Herb;e flore imperfecto seu stamineo vel Apetalo potius; POLYGONUM amphibium floribus pentandris femidigynis, fpica ovata. Lin. Syji. Vegetal, p. 312, Sp. Pl. 517. FI. Suec. n. 341. POLYGONUM foliis ovato lanceolatis ciliatis, fpicis ovatis. Haller IPJi. 11. 1565. POTAMOGETON Palicis folio. Bauh. pin. 193. FONTALIS major longifolia. Parking. 1254. POTxAMOGITON anguftifolium. Ger. emac. 821. PERSICARIA falicis folio perennis; Raii Syn. Perennial Willow-leaved Arfmart, commonly called. narrow-leaved Pondvveed. Hudfion FI. Angl, ed. 2. p. 169, Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 207. Odder FI. Dan. t. 282. Phr cl held Syn. Stirp. Hibern, RADIX perennis, repens, craflitle culmi triticei majoris, ■ e rubro-fulca, ex hortis five agris difficillime . eruta. CAULIS fefquipedalis et ultra, adfcendens, plerumque ■ (implex, teres, fiftulofus, faepius ruber, geni- ' culis tumidiufculis. FOLLA petiolata, cordato-lanceolata, hirfutula, ciliata, rigidula, faturate viridia, (repe maculata, fub- undlilata, alterna, patentia. STIPULAT longae, muticae, hirfutae, vagiilantes, caulem ardle cingentes. PEDUNCULI foiitarii, feu gemini, hirfuti, rubri, ad unum latus compreflo-fulcati, vix terminales. SPICAT ruberrimae, primo pyramidales, demum ovatae. CALYX: Perianthium pedicellatnm, quinque-parti- tum, coloratum, perfidens, laciniis ovatis, obtufis. fig. 1. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA : Filamenta quinque, aut fex, fundo calycis inferta, fubulata, alba, calyce longiora ; Anthers didymae; Pollen album, globo- fum. fig, 2. PISTILLLTM: Germen fubovatum, rubrum; Stylus ad medium ufque divifus ; Stigmata duo, rotunda, fig. 3. SEMEN ovatum, utrinque compreflum, acutum, niti- dum, e nigro caflaneuiru fig. 4. ROOT perennial, creeping, the thicknefs of a large wheaten ftraw, of a reddi fh brown colour, with the greateft difficulty rooted out of gar- dens or fields. STALK a foot and a half or more in length, bending upward, generally limple, round, hollow, molt commonly of a red colour, the joints a little 1 welled. LEAVES {landing on footflalks, lanceolate, with a heart-{haped bafe, (lightly hirfute, edged with hairs, harffi to the touch, of a deep green co- lour, often fpotted, fomewhat waved* alternate, and fpreading. STIPULAT long,, not fringed with hairs at the extre- mity, hirfute, forming a (heath* which clofely furrounds the (lalk. FLOWER-STALKS growing (ingly, or two together, hirfute, red, on one lide flattened, and (lightly grooved, not properly terminal. SPIKES of the flowers of a bright red colour, at firfl: pyramidal, afterwards ovate. CALYX : a Perianthium on a footflalk, divided into five fegments, coloured and permanent, the fegments ovate and obtufe. fig. i. COROLLA wanting, STAMINA : five Filaments inferted into the bottom of the calyx, tapering, white, longer than the calyx ; Anthekje double ; Pollen white and globular, fig. 2. PISTILLUM : Germen fomewhat ovate, and of a red colour; Style divided as far as’the middle ; . Stigmata two, round, fig. 3. : SEED ovate, flattened on each fide, pointed, glofly, of ; a dark chefnut colour, fig. 4. The fpecies of Polygonum here Agured acquires the name of amphibium from its growing both on land and in water ; in ponds its leaves ufually float, whence the antient botanifts, regardlefs of its fruCliflcation, improperly called it a Pondweed, thus Caspar BaUhine gives it the name of Potamogetonfalicis folio ; Ray very properly correCls this error, and calls it Perficaria Salicis folio perennis. Of the Perficaria diviAon of the genus Polygonum Pinned, this is the"only one that has a perennial root, a cha- racter which at once diftinguiffies it as a fpecies, beAdes this it has many peculiarities, the leaves are heart-(haped at the bafe, with the edges fringed with hairs, they are alio hardier to the touch than any of the other PerAcaria’s, efpecially when the plant grows out of the water, its Ripulae more clofely furround the Ralk, which has gene- rally two fpikes of flowers at its extremity, neither of which are perfeCUy terminal, thefe fpikes are more pyra- midal when young, and of a brighter red colour than any of the fpecies related to it ; when it grows in the water the whole plant becomes fmoother and is more difpofed to bloflbm 5 botanifls have alfo obferved that the Ramina, which when the plant grows on land are longer, are here (horter than the corolla*. As a weed few plants are more pernicious, BatfeiTea Fields, in which this plant abounds, bear fufficient teßi- many to the truth of this aflertion, as its roots not only creep, but penetrate fo deep into the earth that they are feldom or never eradicated ; in the drier part of the Aelds it feldom flowers, but in certain (pots, where the water has fettled in wet feafons, it flowers abundantly in September. From its bloflbmlng thus rarely in arable land it fortunately is a more local plant than many of the fame genus, the feeds of which are either Town or introduced with manure. To atone for its mifehievous effeCls on land, it contributes highly to ornament ponds, rivers, and pieces of water ; thofe who wi(h to cultivate it for this purpofe need only plant the roots near the water’s edge, the plants will quickly And their way into the water, where they muR be fecured from water-fowl, who are fond of its feeds. * This is by no means conftant. ' /v/uaonu-my f(>nn>/vn/f.> ,r ( ' Polygonum Convolvulus. Climbing Buck-Wheat. POLYGONUM Lin. Gen. PL Octandria Trigynia. CaL o. Cor. 5-partita, calycina. Sem. 1. angulatum. Raii. Syn. Gen, 5. Herbae flore imperfecto seu stamineo vel apetalo potius. POLYGONUM Convolvulus foliis cordatis, caule volubili angulato, floribus obtufatis. Liri. Syjl. Veg p. 313. Sp, Pl. p. 522. FI. Suec. n. 344. POLYGONUM caule volubili, foliis fagittatis. Haller. Hift. n. 1561. POLYGONUM Convolvulus. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 469. CONVOLVULUS minor femine triangulo. Bauh. Pin. 295. HELXINE femine triangulo. I. B. II. 157, VOLUBILIS nigra. Ger. emac. 863. CONVOLVULUS minor Atriplicis folio. Park. 171. FEGOPYRUM fcandens fylveftre. Raii Syn. p. 144. Black Bind-weed, Hudfon FI. Angi, ed, 2. p. 171. Lightfoot FI. Scot. 208. RADIX annua, fibrofa, fufea. CAULIS volubilis, tortus, ramofus, ramis alternis, fulcro deHitutus, procumbens, pedalis, id naftus circa calamos et fruticulos fcandit faepe ad altitudinem ufque humanam. FOLIA petiolata, fagittata, glabra, integerrima, in- ferne folitaria, fuperne bina et terna, inferi- oribus frequenter coloratis. STIPULAE parvae, vaginantes, muticae. FLORES racemofi, pedunculati, in fafciculos pendu- los difpofiti. RACEMI longi, alterni. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, perfiHens, laciniis tribus exterioribus majoribus, cari- natis, viridibus, margine membranaceis, inte- rioribus petaliformibus, coloratis, Jig. 1. COROLLA nulla. STAMINA: Filamenta 06I0, fundo calycis inferta, breviffima, fubulata. Anthers purpureae, didymae, Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen viride, triquetrum. Stylus breviflimus, Haminibus paulo brevior. Stig- ma capitatum, trilobum, Jlg, 4. PERICARPIUM nullum, calyx femen continens. SEMEN unicum, trigonum, nigerrimum, Jig, 5. ROOT annual, fibrous, of a brown colour. STALK twining, twified, branched, branches alter- nate, when defiitute of fupport, procumbent and about a foot in length, when growing about corn or Ihrubs often reaching the height of fix feet. LEAVES Handing on foot-Halks, arrow fhaped, fmooth, perfe£lly entire, on the lower part of the ftalk Handing fingly, on the upper part two and three together, the lowermoH often coloured. STIPULAE, fmall, forming a fheath round the Halk. FLOWERS growing in racemi, Handing on foot- Halks, and difpofed in pendulous cluHers. FLOWER-BRANCHES long, and alternate. CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five fegments, and permanent, the three outermoH fegments larger, keeled, green and membranous on the edge, the innermoH petal-like and co- loured, fig, i. COROLLA none. STAMINA: eight Filaments fixed into the bottom of the calyx, very (hort and tapering, An* theß/E purple, formed of two lobes, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen green,three-cornered. Style very fhort, not quite fo long as the Hamina. Stigma forming a little head, compofed of three lobes, fig. 4. SEED-VESSEL none, the calyx containing the feed. SEED a fingle one, three-cornered, very black, fig. 3. Some of the ancient Botanids, inattentive to the fruftification, arrange this plant with the Convolvuli or Bind-weeds. Ray calls it Fegopyrum fcandens fylveftre, but retains the old Engljh name of Black Bind-weed. Linn.eus claffes it with the Polygonum, or Knot-grafs, in which genus he alfo includes the Biftorta, the Perf, caria, and the Fagopyrum; he could not, perhaps, fcientifically have made more genera of them ; yet nature, in all our Englijh plants at lead, keeps up a drong diffin6lion between them, and as the old effablifhed names ok Bifort, Perf caria, or Arfe-fmart, Knot-grajs, and Buck-wheat, have no tendency in them to miflead, we have thought it better, in the prefent indance, to continue their ufe, than to adopt the new-(angled names of Buck- wheat Knot-grafs, ox Binding Snake-weed. In its frudlification this plant is very fimilar to the Buck-wheat; but differs in having a twining dalk, with which it frequently twids round other plants, and proves injurious to them, efpecially in gardens and cultivated fields, where it often grows extremely rampant; in poor land it is an humble plant. It flowers in July and Auguf. Its feeds afford excellent food for fmall birds. One year I obferved its foliage, together with that of the Paifion FlowTer, very much eaten by the Ear-wig, a well known enemy to certain flowers, and no lefs definitive to Caterpillars, and which, like the Cock-roach, is principally aclive under the veil of night. ' ' ///f/te at tia/ica, Silene Anglic a. English Catchfly. SILENE Lin. Gen. PL Decandria Trigynia. Cal. ventricofus. Petala 5-unguiculata; coronata ad faucem. Cap/. 3-locularis. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. Herbie pentapetalje vasculifer.e. SILENE anglica hirfuta petalis emarginatis, floribus eredis, frudibus reflexis pedunculatis alternis. Lin. Syjt. Vegetab.p. 350. Sp. Pl. 594. SILENE anglica hirfuta petalis fubintegerrimis, floribus fubfpicatis pedunculatis alternis eredis, frudibus divaricato-reflexis. Hudfion FI, Angi. ed. 2. p. 187. VISCAGO cerafiii foliis vafculis pendulis Anglica. Dill. Elth. 417. t. 30g- fi- 398. LYCHNIS- fylveflris hirfuta annua, flore minore albo. Vaill. Parifi. 121. t. 16. /. 12. LYCHNIS fylveftris flore albo minimo. Rom Syn, p. 339. Small Corn Campion, with a very fmall white flower. RADIX annua, fimpleX. CAULIS plerumque pedalis, et ultra, ereftus, teres, hirfutus, vifcidus, articulatus, geniculis tu- midis, ramofus, in horto culta ramofior, debiliorque evadit, et geniculi magis intu- mefcunt. RAMI alterni, cauli fimiles. FOLIA oppofita, connata, lanceolata, fubundulata, in- tegerrima, hirfutula, fubvifcida, punftis pro- minulis afperula, ad balin pilis longis ciliata. FLORES albidi, minimi, axillares, fubfpicati, pe- dunculati. PEDUNCULI varias longitudinis unguiculares et pol- licares, teretes, fuperne incralTati, vifcidi, primo eredfi, dein reflexi, demum feminibus maturis fuberedi. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, tubulofum. quinquedentatum, dentibus apice rubris, ob- longum, fulcis decem profunde exaratum, pilofum, vifcidum, i. COROLLA: Petala quinque. Ungues angufti, lon- gitudine calycis. Lamina integra leu emar- ginata, lateribus faepe involutis, fquamula ad bafm laminae bifida, erefta, Jig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta decem, fubulata, alba, ad lentem hirfuta. An oblongae, bilobae. purpureae. Pollen album, fig. 3. PISTILLUM* Germen viride, nitidum, fubconi- cum ; Styli tres, albi, ere£li, villofi, ger- mine breviores, Jig. 4, 5. Glandula ne6Ia- rifera ad bafm germinis, Jig* 6. PERICARPIUM: Capsula ovata, calyce tedla, tri- locularis, apice fexfariam dehilcens, jig. 7. SEMINA plurima, nigricantia, reniformia, ad lentem alpera, fig, 8. ROOT annual and fimple. STALK about a foot or more in heighth, upright, round, hirfute, vifcid, jointed, the joints fwelled, branched; cultivated in the garden, it becomes more branched, weaker, and the joints more fwelled. BRANCHES alternate, like the ftalk. LEAVES oppofite, connate, lanceolate, fomewhat waved, entire, flightly hairy, and fomewhat vifcid, roughilh, with little prominent points, at the bafe edged with longer hairs. FLOWERS whitifh, very fmall, growing from the alaeofthe leaves, forming a kind of fpike, Handing on foot-fialks. FLOWER-STALKS of various lengths, from half an inch to an inch, round, thickened upwards, vifcid, at firft upright, afterwards turned downwards, finally, when the feeds are upright, becoming nearly upright. CALYX: aPe rianthium of one leaf, tubular, ha- ving five teeth, which are red at the tips, oblong, marked with ten deep grooves, hairy, vifcid, and permanent, Jig. 1. COROLLA: five Petals. Claws narrow, the length of the calyx. Lamina entire, or nicked, the fides often rolled in, the fcale at the bafe of the lamina bifid and upright, 2. STAMINA: ten Filaments* tapering, white, hairy when magnified. Anthers oblong, formed of two lobes and purple. Pollen white, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen green, fhining, fomewhat conical. Styles three, white, upright, villous, fhorter than the germen, fig. 4, g. A ne&ariferous Gland at the bafe of the germen, fig. 6. SEED-VESSEL : an ovate Capsule, covered by the calyx, of three cavities, opening at top, with fix teeth, fig. 7. SEEDS numerous, blackifh, kidney-lhaped, rough when viewed with a magnifier, fig. 8. The prefent, though not a fhewy plant, may be numbered among the more rare ones in the neighbourhood of London, as well as in many other parts of Great-Britain; nor does it appear to be common throughout Europe: yet, in particular fpots, it is found in great plenty, as in the corn-Aelds about Coombe-Wood. I have alfo feen it growing in great abundance in the corn-Aelds near Newport, in the Ifie oj Wight. It flowers in July, Dillenius gives a Agure of it in his Hortus Elthamenfisy which is too diminutive : his charader of vafcula pendula is not too much to be depended on, Ance it frequently happens that they are not fo. \ •?” ■ -/ “ Z/y/ifr/ v/z. Arenaria Trinervia. Plantain-Leaved Chickweed. Arenaria la. Gen, pi, Decandria Trigynia. Cal. 5-phy]lus, patens. Petala 5, integra. Cap/. Jocularis, polyfperma. Rail Syn, Gen, 24. Herbie vasculifer^e. ARENARIA trinervia foliis ovatis acutis petiolatis nervofis. Lin. Syfi, Vegetal, p. 350. Sp. P1, p, Soz' FI, Suec, n, 397. ' °6* ** ALSINE foliis ovato-Ianceolatis, trinerviis. Haller. Hijl. n, 878 ALSINE Plantaginis folio, I, B, III. 364. Raii Syn. p. 349. Plantain-leaved Chickweed. Hudfon FIe Angi. ed. 2* p. 191» Fight foot FI, Scot. p, 230. Oeder F/, Dan. t, 429. RADIX annua, tenuiffima, fibrofa, albida. CAULES plures, fpithamasi, pedales, et ultra, debiles, teretes, undique pubefcentes, geniculati, ra- mofiffimi. lOLIA oppofita, ovata, acuta, pallide viridia, trinervia, integerrima, margine nervifque minutim cilia- tis, fupremis (edilibus, inferioribus petiolatis, crebioribus, minoribus. PETIOLI fubalati, marginibus pilofis. FLORES alterni, foiitarii, e dichotomia caulis. PEDUNCULI teretes, pubefcentes, primo ere6li, de- mum horizontaliter extenfi, apice fubinflexo, et paululum incraffato. CALV X : Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliis ovato- acuminatis, carinatis, pubefcentibus, corolla longioribus, fig. 1. COROLLA; Petala quinque, parva, alba, obovata, integra, fig. 2. STAMINA; Filamenta decem, longitudine corollae, alba, filiformia. Anthers minutas, flavae, fS- 3- PISTILLUM ; Germen ovatum. Styli tres, longi- tudine germinis. Stigmata obtufiufcula, A- 4- PERICARPIUM; Capfiula fubconica, te6la, unilocu- laris. SEMINA plurima, fubreniformia, planiufcula, glaber- rima, nigra. ROOT annual, very (lender, fibrifh, and whitifh. STALKS feveral, a (pan, a foot or more in length, weak, downy all round, jointed, and very much branched. LEAVES oppofite, ovate, pointed, of a pale green colour, three-ribbed, entire, the edge and ribs finely fringed with hairs, the uppermoft feffile, the lowermoft (landing on foot-flalks, more numerous and finaller. LEAF-STALKS fomwhat winged, the edges hairy. FLOWERS alternate, folitary, proceeding from the forking of the (talk. FLOWER-STALKS round, downy, at firfl ereft, finally horizontally extended, the tip fome- what bent in, and a little thickened. CALIiX» a Perianthium of five leaves, which are ovate, running out to a point, keeled, downy, longer than the corolla, fig. i. COROLLA: five Petals, frnall, white, inverfely ovate and entire, fig. 2. STAMINA; ten Filaments, the length of the co- rolla, white, filiform. Anthers very frnall, and yellow, fig. 3. PISTILLUM ; Germen ovate. Styles three, the length of the germen. Stigmata bluntifh, Ar- 4- SEED-VESSEL; a Capfiule of a fhape fomewhat conic, covered by the calyx, and having one cavity. SEEDS numerous, fomewhat kidney-fhaped, flattifh, very fimooth, and black, There exifls a confiderable fimilarity betwixt the prefent plant and the common Chickweed; the attentive obferver will, however, find them to differ very materially. As a principal part of the profeffed defign of this work is to remove, as much as polfible, every difficulty attending an invefligation of the Britifh plants, we fhall point out thofe differences which have appeared to us the moft finking in comparing the two together. The common Chickweed, as its name imports, is found almofl every where, as well in expofed as in fhady fituations; this, on the contrary, is found with us only in woods, and on the fhady banks furrounding them, and, compared with the other, may be confidered rather as a fcarce plant. The common Chickweed flowers in March and April; this produces its bloffoms in May and June, The common Chickweed has a row ol hairs running down each fide of the flalk ; this is uniformly covered with very fhort hairs, fcarcely difcernible. The former has a procumbent flalk; this grows erefl. In the former the leaves are not diftinguiflied by any veins or ribs; this, on the contrary, has three flrong ones, which give them fomewhat the appearance of thofe of Plantain, whence its name. In the former the petals are bifid ; in this they are entire. Ihe feeds alfo afford another very linking difference: in the common Chickweed they are brown and rou^h; while thofe of the trinervia are black, perfeflly fmooth, and fhining. We know of no particular ufe to which this diminutive plant is applicable. Arenaria Serpyllifolia. Thyme-Leaved Chickweed. ARENARIA Lin, Gen. PL Decandria Trigynia. Cal. 5-phyllus, patens. Petala 5-integra. Cap/, i-locularis, polyfperma. Raii Syn. Gen. 24. Herbie v asculifer^e. ARENARIA ferpyllifolia foliis fubovatis acutis feftilibus, corollis calyce brevioribus, Lin. Syji. Veg, p. 353. Sp. PL p. 605. FI. Suec. n. 398. .STELLARIA ferpyllifolia. Scopoli FI. Cam. n, 544. ALSINE foliis ovato-lanceolatis, fubhirfutis, petalis calyce brevioribus. Haller Hijt. n. 875. ALSINE minor multicaulis. Bauh. Pin. 250. ALSINE minima. Ger. emac. 612. Raii Syn. 349. The lead Chickweed. Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 191. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 230. ROOT annual, fibrous, and whitifh. STALKS for the moft part numerous, about four inches high, nearly upright, round, downy, jointed, for the moft part fimple, dichoto- mous at top, branches bifid. LEAVES oppofite, ovate, pointed, feffile, a little rigid and (lightly hirfute, vifibly ciliated when magnified, the midrib confpicuous on the under fide, the lowermofl leaves growing thickefi; together. FLOWERS white, Handing on foot-fialks, FLOWER-STALKS round, longer than the leaves, fupporting one flower, proceeding from the forking of the fialk, inclined to one fide, and nearly upright. CALYX : a Perianthium of five leaves, which are lanceolate, tapering to a point, fomewhat hairy and keeled, fig. i. COROLLA: five petals, of a white colour, ovate, ob- tufe, about half the length of the caly x,fig. 2. STAMINA: ten Filaments, white, very fine, the length of the corolla. Antherje roundifh and white, fg. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen green, roundifh. Styles three, white, filiform and reflexed. Stig- mata fimple, fg. 4. SEED-VESSEL : an ovate Capfule, fomewhat belly- ing out at bottom, covered by the calyx, of one cavity, opening at top, with five or fix teeth, fg. 5. SEEDS numerous, very fmall, kidney-fhaped, beau- tifully reticulated with impreffed lines, vifible when magnified, fg. 6. RADIX annua, fibrofa, albida. CAULES plerumque plures, palmares, fubere6li, te- retes, pubefeentes, geniculati, ut plurimum fimplices, apice dichotomi, ramis bifidis. FOLIA oppofita, ovata, acuta, feffilia, rigidula, hir- futula, ad lentem ciliata, nervo medio fubtus confpicuo, inferioribus crebrioribus. FLORES albi, pedunculati. PEDUNCULI teretes, foliis longiores, uniflori, e di- chotomia caulis, ad unum latus inclinati, fubere6fi. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis lan- ceolatis, acuminatis, hirfutulis, carinatis, fis- 1- COROLLA: Petala quinque, alba, ovata, obtufa, calyce duplo fere breviora, fig. 2. STAMINA: Fi lamenta decem, alba, capillaria, lon- gitudine corollae. Anthers fubrotundae, albae, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen viride,fubrotundum. Styli tres, albi, filiformes reflexi. Stigmata fimplicia, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM : Cafifula ovata, fubventrlcofa, te6fa, unilocularis, apice quinquefariam, feu fex fariam dehifcens, fig. 5. SEMINA plurima, minima, reniformia, ad lentem lineis infculptis pulchre reticulata, fg. 6, This plant, one o( the lead of the genus Arenaria, is very common on walls, among rubbifh, and in dry and barren places. It flowers in June. There is a neatnefs in it fufficient to recommend it as an ornamental plant for walls, rocks. See. on which it will grow mofl readily. ihe rigidity of its flalks, and thyme-like form of its leaves, readily diftinguifh it from all its congeners. 226 r ,/y/W '>fUY///y///s77r 2 r Sedum Sexangulare. Insipid StonecroP. SEDUM Linn. Gen. PI. D ECANDRIA PeNTAGYNYIA. Ccil. 5 fidus. Cor. 5 petala. Squamee neHariferae 5 ad bafin germinis. Capf 5. Rait Syn. Gen. 17. Herbae multisiliquaE seu corniculata. SEDUM fex angular e foliis fubovatis adnato feffilibus gibbis ere&iufculis fexfariam imbricatis. Linn. Syjl, Vegetab. p. 359. Spec. Flant, p. 620. FI, Suecic. n. 404. SEDUM foliis teretibus, ternatis; caulibus fimplicibus trifidis. Haller. Hift. n. 965. SEDUM fexangulare. Scopoli FI. Carn, n. 558. SEMPERVIVUM minus vermiculatum infipidum. Bauhin. Pin. 284. SEDUM minimum luteum non acre. Bauhin. Hiji. 3. p. 695. Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 1. p. 172. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. CAULES bafi repentes, floriferi ere&i, tripollicares et ultra, teretes, glabri, pun&ati, inferne nudi, rubentes. FOLIA oblonga, carnofa, teretiufcula, obtufa, erefto- patentia, fexfariam imbricata, prefertim ante florefcentiam, rigidula, adnato-leflilia, in- ferne rubentia, fuperne caulibus faltem flori- feris e flavo viridia, infipida. CYMA plerumque trifida, floribus in fingulo ramulo tribus ad quinque, feflilibus. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, laciniis obtufis, carnofis, bali tenuioribus. COROLLA: Petala quinque, flava, lanceolata, acu- minata, calyce duplo longiora, patentia, fg. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta decem, fubulata, longitu- dine corollas; Anthers fubrotundae, flavef- centes, fg, 3, 4, PISTILLUM: Ge rmina quinque, ereffa, oblonga, definentia in Stylos tenuiores ; Stigmata fimplicia, fg. 5. ROOT perennial and fibrous. STALKS creeping at the bale, thole which produce flowers about three inches or more in height, round, fmooth, dotted, below naked and of a reddifh colour. LEAVES oblong, flelhy, roundilh, obtule, upright, but bending a little outward, placed one over another in fix rows, efpecially before the bloflbms open, fomewhat rigid, feflile, as if ftuck to the flalk, thofe on the lower part of the Hem of a reddifh colour, on the upper part yellowifh, at leaf! on the flowering ftalks, infipid. CYMA generally divided into three branches, on each of which are placed from three to five flow- ers, without footftalks. CALYX : a Perianthium divided into five fegments, which are obtufe, flelhy, and flender at the bafe. COROLLA: five yellow Petals, lance-lhaped, acu- minated, fpreading, twice the length of the calyx, fg, 2. STAMINA: ten Filaments, tapering, the length of the corolla; Anthers roundilh, and of a yellowilh colour, fg. 3, 4. PISTILLUM: Germina five, upright, oblong, ter- minating in flender Styles : Stigmata fimple, jig. 5. In Djllenius’s edition of Rays Synopfis this plant is omitted, and not confidered even as a variety of the Sedum acre. Mr. Hudson, in the firft edition of his Flora Anglica, introduced it as a diftinft fpecies, in which he followed the opinion of Linn.eus ; in his laft edition, without afligning any reafon, he makes it a variety of the Sedum acre; Haller, however, and Scopoli confirm Linnaeus’s opinion, and on fuch authority we furely may differ from Mr. Hudson. The conflant want of that biting tafle which gives the name of Wall Pepper to the Sedum acre, has been con- fidered by many of our Englifh Botanifls fuflicient to conftitute this a diftinH fpecies; for though acrid plants may fometimes become mild, as in the Hydropiper9 yet inftances of that kind very rarely occur, but it is not in its tafle alone that the fexangulare differs from the acre; in its leaves we fhall find a fatisfaftory difference : on comparing thefe together as they grow on the flowering flems of both plants, we find thofe of the acre fliort, broad at the bafe, and at a confiderable diftance afunder, vid. fig. i, while thofe of the fexangulare are nearly of the fame thicknefs throughout, longer, and more numerous, vid. fig. i ; we may alfo add, that they are in general much redder; in the young fhoots of the fexangulare the leaves form fix rows or angles, which are fometimes ftraight and fometimes oblique ; no traces of which are vifible in the acre : another circumflance which adds fome weight to the foregoing is, that the acre flowers a fortnight fooner than the fexangulare ; the parts of the fruftifi- cation afford little or no difference; indeed a great famenefs in this refpeH runs through the whole genus. We find this plant growing plentifully on Greenwich-Park wall, the fouth fide, near the weftern corner. It flowers about the latter end of June. Spergula nodosa. Knotted Spurrey. SPERGULA Lin. Gen. PL Decandria Pentagynia. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5 integra. Capf. ovata, 1-Jocularis, 5-valvis. Rati Syn. Gen. 24. Herbje Pentapetala: Vasculifer^. SPERGULA nodofa foliis oppoiitis fubulatis lasvibus caulibus fimplicibus. Lin. Syjl. Vegetah. p. 363. Sp. PL p. 630. ALSINE foliis fuperioribus fafciculatis. Haller. Hi'ft, n. 871 STELLARIA nodofa. Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 545. ALSINE nodofa Germanica. Bauh. Pin. p. 251. ALSINE paluflris, ericae folio, polygonoides, articulis crebiorlbus, flore albo pulchello. Pink, aim 23- *• 7-fiS-4- SAXIFRAGA paluflris Anglica. Park. 427. ALSINE paluflris foliis tenuiffimis, feu Saxifraga paluflris Anglica. Ger. emac. 567. 568. Rail Syn. p, 350. Englifli Marfh-Saxifrage. Hudfion FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 203. Lightfioot FI. Scot. p. 244. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. CAULES ex una radice plures, palmares et ultra, nunc procumbentes, nunc afcendentes, pod florel- centiam ficpe repentes, fimplices feu ramofi, teretes, tenues, glabri, parce pilofi, pilis ad lentem globuliferis, crebris geniculis intercepti, geniculis tumidis. FOLIA radkalia plurima, caefpitofa, laste virentia, line- aria, acuta, uncialia, fubcarnofa, glabra, cau- lina inferiora paulo breviora, connata, fuperiora breviffima, teretiufcula, fafciculata, ex alis prolifera. FLORES albi, delicatuli, in fummis£aulibus et ramulis, majores quam pro plantulae modo. PEDUNCULI erefli, femipollicares. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis ob-, longis, concavis, fubpilofis, pilis ut in caule. ■ fig- i-. ■ COROLLA: Petala quinque, alba, calyce duplo■ longiora, ovato-rotundata, integerrima, fig. 2. ' STAMINA : Filamenta decem, Tubulata, alba, corolla breviora. Anthers concolores, incumbentes,. primo bilobae, lobis oblongis, parallelis, fig. 3. ' PISTILLUM : Germen turbinatum. Styli quinque, ■ filiformes, villofuli, reflexi. Stigmata fim-' plicia, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: Capsula parva, ovata, calyce tecta,' unilocularis, quinquevalvis. SEMINA plurima, minima, nigricantia. ; t ROOT perennial and fibrous. [STALKS feveral from one root, four inches or more in length, fometimes procumbent, fometimes > nearly upright, after flowering often creeping, Ample or branched, round, (lender, fmooth, ; fparingly haired, the hairs appearing globular \ at top when magnified, having numerous ' joints which are fwelled. \ LEAVES next the root numerous, forming a turf, of a beautiful dark green colour, linear, pointed, • about an inch in length, fomewhat flefhy, fmooth, the lowermoft (talk-leaves a little ; longer than the radical ones, joined together at bottom, the uppermoft (talk-leaves very fhort, from their alas producing fmall tufts of : leaves, the rudiments of branches. ; FLOWERS white, and delicate, fitting on the tops of the (talks and branches, large in proportion to the fize of the plant. FLOWER-STALKS upright, about half an inch in length. CALYX : Perianthium competed of five leaves, which are oblong, hollow, (lightly hairy, the hairs like thofe on the (lalk. Jig. i. COROLLA compofed of five white petals, twice the length of the calyx, of a roundilh egg-fhape, perfectly entire, fig. 2. STAMINA: ten Filaments tapering, white, (horter than the corolla. Anthers of the fame colour, lying acrofs the filament, at firfl; compofed of two oblong lobes parallel to each other. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen broad at bottom, narrow at top. Styles five, filiform, (lightly villous and reflexed. Stigmata Ample. Jig, 4. SEED-VESSEL : a fmall ovate Capsule covered with the calyx, of one cavity and five valves. SEEDS numerous, very minute, of a blackilh colour. The Spergula nodofia recommends itfelf to our notice by the beauty of its verdure, and the delicacy of its blofl'oms; the largenefs and whltenefs of which, joined to its place of growth, ferve alfo to diflinguifh it from thole plants which may have fome refemblance to it in their foliage. It grows in moift fituatlons, frequently among herbage, and fometimes out of Walls, Rocks, and Stones. I have obferved it growing out of the wall by the Thames fide, in feveral places betwixt Lambeth Putney. I have alfo found it on FLounJlow Heath with the Sagina procumbens and Centunculus minimus. It flowers in July and Augufi. About London it is a fcar.ce plant; but in the north of England it is very common on the borders of rivulets, and grows generally more upright than with us : a fmall fpecimen of it, in this flate, is reprefented on the plate. l/t / y J y/tcrs//ua t/orr//w. L } j/aav////as .uss/v/us/s/a. Spergula saginoides. Pearlwort Spurrey. SPERGULA Lin. Gen. PI. Decandria Pentagtnia. Cal. 5 phyllus. Petala 5, integra. Capf. ovata, i-locularis, 5-valvis. Rail Syn. Gen. 24. Herba: vasculifera:. SPERGULA fiaginoides foliis oppofitis linearibus laevibus, pedunculis folitariis longiffimis, caule repente» Lin. Syjl. Vegeiab. p, 363. Sp. PI. 631. ALSINE tenuifolia pediculis florum longiffimis. Vaillant Botan. Paris, p. 8. a. 11. SPERGULA laricina follis oppofitis fubulatis cillatis fafciculatis, floribus pentandris. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 203. SPERGULA laricina. Lightfoot PL Scot, p, 224. SAXIFRAGA graminea pufilla foliis brevioribus craffioribus et fucculentiorlbus. Rail Syn. p. 345 ? ; ROOT perennial and fibrous. . STALKS, feveral arife from one roof, an inch or two in length, procumbent, and generally creeping at bottom, branched, round, covered with : (hort glandular hairs, fcarcely vifible. ; LEAVES next the root about half an inch in length, linear, (harp and terminated by a whitifh ; point or bridle, of a deep green colour, fome- what fhining, and rather fiefhy, on the upper fide fmooth, on the under fide, and at the j edge, hairy, the hairs terminated by little t glands, thofe of the flalk (horter, growing together at the bafe, flatthh, and tending fome- t what one way. Jig. i, ' FLOWER-STALKS fomewhat upright, fimple, an > inch or mere in length, round, of a brownifh purple colour, nodding at top. > FLOWERS white and pretty. - CALYX : a Perianthium of five leaves, permanent, the leaves oval, hollow, obtufe, fomewhat t vifeid, the edge membranous. Jig. 2. I COROLLA : five white Petals, the length of the I calyx, of a roundidi (hape, entire at the edge f and fpreading. Jig. 3. £ STAMINA: Filaments from five to ten, but mod commonly five, tapering, the length of the germen; Anthers fmall and yellow. Jig. 4. \ PISTILLUM : Germen inverfely ovate ; Styles ge- j. nerally five, thread-fhaped, villous and turned % back ; Stigmata fimple. Jig. 5. I SEED-VESSEL : a Capsule of one cavity, and three \ valves fitting on the calyx. Jig. 6. % SEEDS numerous, very fmall and brown, appearing dotted when magnified. Jig. 7, 8. RADIX perennis, fibrofa. 1 CALTLES ex una radice plures, pollicares aut hi polii-1 cares, bafi procumbentes, et ut plurimum re- 1 pentes, ramofi, teretes, pilis brevibus glandu- liferis vix confpicuis veftiti. FOLIA radicalia femipollicaria, linearia, acuta, mucrone | albido terminata, faturate viridia, glabra, fub- «I carnofa, fuperne nuda, inferne et ad oras pilofa, 1 pilis glanduliferis ; caulina breviora, connata, s planiufcula, fubfecunda. Jig. 1. V S s < v PEDUNCULI fubere&i, fimplices, pollicares et ultra,; teretes, ex fufeo purpurafeentes, apice nutantes. * FLORES albi, pulchelli. < CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, perfidens, fo-' liohs ovato-oblongis, concavis, obtufis, vifei- ; dulls, margine membranaceis. Jig. 2. : COROLLA : Petala quinque, alba, longitudine ca-; lycis, fubrotunda, integerrima, patentia. Jig. 3. : STAMINA: Filamenta quinque ad decem, faepius • vero quinque, fubulata, longitudine germinis ; ' parvie, luteae. Jig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen obovatum ; Styli plerumque quinque, filiformia, villofa, reflexa ; Stig- mata (implicia. fig. 5. PER1CARPIUM : Capsula uni-locularis, quinque- valvis, calyci infidens. SEMINA plurima, minima, fufea, ad lentem pun&ata. fig- 7> 8- We are led to confider this plant as the Spergula fiaginoides of Linnvf,us, from its according exaclly with a minute defeription given of it by Vaillant in his Botanicon Parifienfie*, to which the former refers, and lurely no name was ever more aptly applied, for did not its confpicuous petals proclaim it, it might for ever have pafied for the Sagina procumbens ; thefe lead us to the plant, and examination proves it to be a Spergula, inconflant in- deed like many other plants in the number of its flamina. In its generic character this fpecies of Spergula differs in number only from the Sagina procumbens, it agrees particularly with it in the form of its capfules, fize, and ffiape of its feeds, but two obvious fpecific characters at once diflinguifh them, thefe are the fize of the petals, and the peculiar hairinefs of the whole plant; in the Sagina procumbens the petals are very fmali, being much fborter than the calyx, whence they are inconfpicuous ; in the Spergula they are of the lame length as the calyx, and, when expanded, become very confpicuous; the Sagina procumbens (which mufl not be confounded with the apetala Linnvei) is fmooth, while the Spergula has its flaiks, leaves, peduncles and calyx covered with fhort hairs, having little globules at their extremities, and which are very dlftinguiffiabie when magnified. It is not uncommon on Putney Heath, and in fimilar fituations about Coomb JVood, Surry ; Dr. Goodenough difeovered it plentifully on Bagfihot Heath, efpecially on fome banks thrown up on Potnell IParren, near the great Bog at Virginia Water ; Mr. Lightfoot fhewed it me feveral years ago on Uxbridge Moor; and Mr. Hudson mentions it as growing about Cobham and EJher in Surry. It fiowrers from June to Augufl. * Cette plante ale port & les feuilles de 1* Alfme minimapore fugaci. J, R, H. mais elle s’eleve plus haut. Les tiges et les pedicules des fleurs font ordinairement brunes. Sa fleur n’a qu’ environ 2 lignes de diametre. Elle eft a 5 petales blancs, entiers ronds, qui ne debordent point le calice & qui font oppofe a fes cantons. Le piftile eft un petit bouton tirant fur I’ovale, vert pale, furmonte de 5 ftiles blancs, courts difi of, zen etoile, & eutoure de 10 Etamines blanches ainfy que leurs fommets. Ces Etamines n’ont pis une ligne de long, Le calice eft parfeme de petits poils tres courts. II eft decoupe en etoil a 5 parties egales. Cette plante ne s’eleve que deprus 2 jufqu’a 4 pouces, elle pouffe ordinairement plufteurs tiges de fa racine, lefquelles fe coucheat d’abord fur la terre, & font droites dans le reft de leur longuer. Ses feuilles font liftes, vertes, roides, dures et refemblent alfez bien a celles du Knawel ou de V Alfme minima fore fugaci. Elle commence a fleurir vers la fin de May & continue en Juin h Juillet. Elle fe trouve dans les f.iches qui font au de la St. Leger entre la foreft et le Village de St. Lucien le long du chemin. Elle n’a que le gouft d’herbe. Son fruit s’ouvre ordinairement en 4 & quelquefois 5 lobes de la pointe vers la bafe h contient dans fa cavr.e plufieurs femcnces noiraftre tres menues. Botan. Bar. p. 8, 9. Euphorbia exigua. Small Spurge. EUPHORBIA Lin. Gen. PL Dodecandria Trigynia. Cor. 4 f. 5-petala, calyci infidens. Cal, i-phyllus, ventrlcofus. Capf. 3-cocca. Rail Syn, Gen. 22. Herbal vasc uliferas, flore tetrapetalo anomaly. EUPHORBIA exigua umbella trifida : dichotoma : involucellis lanceolatis, foliis linearibus. Lin, Sy/h Vegetab. p. 375. Sp. PL p. 654. TITHYMALUS foliis linearibus, flipulis lanceolatis ariflatis. Haller HJI. n. 1048. TEI HYMALUS five Efula exigua. Bauh. Pin. p. 295 ESULA exigua Tragi. Ger. emac. 502. TITHYMALUS leptophyllus. Parkinf. 193. Raii Syn. 313. Dwarf Spurge, or fmall annual Spurge* Hudjon FI. Angl, ed. 2. p. 208. Ligbtfoot FI. Scot. p. 250. * RADIX annua, funplex, paucis fibrillis inflrufta. CAULIS eredlus, ramofus, foliofiflimus, femipedalis, RAMI plerumque inferiorem partem caulis tantummodo occupant, oppofiti, fuberefli. FOLIA pi urima, apprefla, linearia, obtufiufcula. UMBELLA trifida, interdum quadrifida, rarius quinqne- fida, dichotoma. STIPULAE Umbella; lanceolato-lineares. ,—- Umbellula ovato -oblongas, acuminatae, oppo- fitae, fxpe inaequales. CALA7X glabra, perfidens. Jig-. 1. auci. COROLLA nulla. NEC'PAR IA quatuor, corniculata, fufca. Jig. 2, 3, STAMINA plerumque duo vifibilia ; Anthers didy- n}ae. Jig. 4. PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotund um, petiolatum, nu- tans; Styli tres; Stigma bifidum. Jig. 5, 6. PERI CARP IUM : Capsula tricocca, trilocularis, SEMEN unicum in fingulo loculamento, nigrum, ru- gofum. % I ; ROOT annual, fimple, furniflied with few fibres. : STALK upright, branched, very leafy, about fix inches high. BRANCHES generally occupy the lower part of the (talk only, are oppofite and nearly upright. LEAVES numerous, prefled to the ftalk, linear, and fomewhat obtufe. UMBELL dividing into three branches, fometimes four, rarely five, thofe forked. STIPULAS of the general Umbell of a fliape betwixt lanceolate and linear. —- of the partial Umbell, of an oblong, ovate fhape, running out to a point, oppofite, and often irregular. CALYX fmooth, and permanent, Jig. i. magnified, COROLLA wanting. NECTARIES four, of a brownifli colour, each fur- nifhed with two little horns. Jig. 2, 3. STAMINA generally about two vifible; Antherje double. Jig. 4. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen roundifih, Handing on a foot- ftalk, and drooping; Styles three; Stigma bifid. Jig. 5, 6. SEED-VESSEL, a Capfule with three prominent fides, and three cavities. SEED ; a fingle one in each cavity, black, and wrinkled. 1 his final I and delicate fpecies of Spurge is often found in Corn-fields about London, efpecially on the Surry fide of the Thames, nor is it uncommon in many other parts of England. It flowers in July and Auguji. The Tithymalus fegetum longfolius of Ray, confidered by Profeflbr Martyn in his Plant. Cantab, as the or Linnaeus, has by forae been thought to be no other than a large fpecimen of this plant; Mr. Hudson makes it a variety of the platyphyllos; luppofing Inch a plant as the feget alts to exifl, it cannot be a variety of the exigua becaufe it has rough Capfules, and its leaves are by Air too narrow for the platyphyllos, vid Tacquin FI. AuJlr. V. 3. &4. who figures them both, Ind confiders them as diflindt fpecies. ' 'MS I)/ / * * 244 Clematis vitalba. Traveller’s Joy. CLEMATIS Lin. Gen, PL Polyandria Pentagynia. Cat. o. Petala 4. rarius 5. Sem. caudata. Pali Syn, Gen. 15. Herby semine nudo polyspermy. CLEMATIS Vitalba foliis pinnatis : foliolis cordatis fcandentibus. Lin. Syjl, Veget ab. p. 426. Spec. PL 766. CLEMATIS caule fcandentc, follis pinnatis, ovato lanceolatis, petalis coriaceis, Haller Hi ft* n. 1142, CLEMATIS Vitalba. Scopoli FL Carn. p, 669. CLEMATIS fylveftris latifolia, Bauh. Pin. 300. CLEMATIS latifolia feu Atragene quibufdam. J. B. II, 125, CLEMATIS fylveftris latifolia fcu Viorna. Parkinf, 380. VIORNA Ger, emac. 886. Rail Syn. 258, Great Wild Climber, or Traveller’s Joy* Hudfon FL AngL ed. 2. p. 238. CAULES plurimi, perennantes, ope petiolorum, fru- tices arborefque vicinos, fcandentes; junioribus hirfutulis, flexilibus, purpureis, nodis in- craflatis ; per astatem craftitie digiti feu polli- cis, profunde fulcatis, exalbidis, fruticofls, FOLIA pinnata, oppofita, patentia; pinnis duorum pa- rium cum impari, remotis, cordatis, fubacu- minatis, integris, ferratis, lobatifve, e viridi flavefeentibus, nitidulis, fubtus venofis, PETIOLI contorti, vicem cirrhi fupplentes, RACEMI florales ex foliorum alis, conjugati, foliofi, ramofi, trifidi, dichotomi. FLORES pallide fulphurei, odorati. CALYX nullus. COROLLA : Petala quatuor, cruciata, oblonga, fnbe- marginata, patentia, fubrevoluta, villofa, fu- perne pallide fulphurea, inferne virefeentia. fg- STAMINA : Filamenta plurima, filiformia, fub- , compreffa, alba, longitudine corollae, crefla ; oblongae, albidae, Jig, 2. PISTILLUM: Germina plurima, minima, fubro- tunda, comprefla, definentia in tot Stylos fubulatos, fericcos, longitudine flaminum ; Stigmata fimplicia. Jig. 3. SEMINA plurima, nuda, fubrotunda, compreffa, cau- data. Jig. 4, STALKS numerous, perennial, by means of the leaf* {talks climbing the adjoining fhrubs and trees, the younger ones (lightly hirfute, flexible, purple ; the joints enlarged ; by age attaining the thicknefs of the finger or thumb, deeply- grooved, of a whitifh colour and (hrubby. LEAVES pinnated, oppofite, fpreading, the pinnae con- fifting of two pair with an odd one, heart- ihaped, remote from each other, and running out to a point, either entire, ferrated, or lobed, of a yellowifh green colour, fomewhat (hining, and veiny on the under fide. LEAF-STALKS twilled, aniwering the purpofe of a tendril. FLOWERING-BRANCHES proceeding from the alre of the leaves, in pairs, leafy, branched, di- viding fir ft into three, and then into two (mailer branches, FLOWERS of a pale fulphur colour, and fweet-feented. CALYX none, COROLLA : four Petals crofs-fhaped, oblong, (lightly nicked at the end, fpreading, fomewhat rolled back, villous, on the upper fide of a pale ful- phur colour, underneath greenifh. Jig. i. STAMINA: Filaments numerous, filiform, fome- what flattened, white, the length of the corolla, upright; Anthers oblong, whitifli. fig- 2* . PISTILLUM : Germina numerous, very minute, : roundifh, flattened, terminating in as many ; tapering, filky Styles, the length of the ; ftamina ; Stigmata Ample. Jig. 3., ; SEEDS numerous, naked, roundiih, flatten’d, and ter- minated by a long feathered tail, Jg. 4. The Clematis* Vitalbaf- is a very common plant in the more fouthern parts of Europe, it delights in a fltuation that is elevated, and in a foil that is chalky, hence it is found more plentifully in feme counties than in others; it is not frequent very near London, but abounds in the hedges around Croydon, and may be found, though more (paringly, about Charlton, alfo on the left hand fide of the road leading from New-Crols Turnpike to Lewijham, near the fpot where the Dipfacus pilofus grows : it flowers in Auguji, and ornaments the hedges with its large branches of downy feeds + till the approach of winter. Being a Climber, handfome both in its foliage and feeds, and rapid in its growth, it is often made ufe of for Arbours and Bowers in Gardens and Pleafure-Grounds; for this purpofe young plants fhould be chofen raifed from feeds. This quality, which is an ufeful one under proper reftri&ions, often becomes a noxious one in hedges, where it is apt to fuffocate and deftroy thofe trees and fhrubs which are planted for defence. School-boys often dry the ftems, when about the thicknefs of the finger, and draw fmoke through them inflead of cane. The Farmer alfo ufes the green ftalks to fallen his gates with, &c. Haller quotes feveral authorities to fhew the Clematis poflefled of conflderable acrimony, fufficient even to raife blifters on the fkin, for which purpofe it has fometimes been employed medicinally. A plant of the fame genus, viz. Flammula Jovis (Clematis reßa LinnaiJ has been introduced into the laft edition of the Edinburgh Difpenfatory, on the authority of Dr. Storck, who recommends the leaves to be externally applied, in fordid, ichorous, fungous, and cancerous ulcers, and caries of the bones; and preparations of them to be taken internally in the head-ach, nocturnal pains of the bones, venereal difeafe, itch and melancholy. * So called from farmentum, a vine twig-, J Hence in lome pans of England the plant is called Old Marti beard. f Quafi Vitis alba, or white Vine. Ranunculus repens. Creeping Crowfoot. RANUNCULUS Lin. Gen, PI. Polyandria Polygynia. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5 intra ungues poro mellifero. Sem. nuda. Rail Syn, Gen. 15. HERBiE semine nudo polyspermje. RANUNCULUS repens calycibus patulis, pedunculis fulcatis, ftolonibus repentibus, foliis compofitis; Lin. Syf. Vegetal, p. 430. FI. Suec. n. 505. Sp. Pl. 779. RANUNCULUS caule repente radicato, foliis femitrilobatis, lobis petiolatis. Haller, Hijl, 1173. RANUNCULUS repens. Scopoli FI, Carn. n, 689 RANUNCULUS pratenfis repens hirfutus. Bauh, pin. 179. RANUNCULUS pratenfis repens. Parkinf. 329. RANUNCULUS pratenfis etiamque hortenfis. Ger. emac. 951, Rail Syn. p. 247. Common creeping Crowfoot, or Butter-cups. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 240. Lightfoot FI. Scot, p. 292. RADIX plurimis fibris albentibus conflat. CAULES ex una radice plerumque plures, pedales et ultra, variae magnitudinis, pro ratione loci* te- retiufculi, hirfuti, repentes. PETIOLI longi, hirfuti, ad bafin dilatati. FOLIA plerumque utrinque hirfuta (etiam glabra oc- currunt) maculis albis fubinde notata, trilo- bata, lobis petiolatis, bi et tripartitis, lobulis acute dentatis. RAMI floriferi eredli, faspius biflori. PEDUNCNLI pubefcentes, flriati. CALYX : Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis, concavis, patentibus, pilofis, flavefcentibus, margine membranaceis, deciduis, fig. 1. COROLLA : Petala quinque, obcordata, patentia, flava, interne nitida, fig. 2. NECTARIUM: Squamula parva, rotundata, ad bafin cujufvis petali. Jig. 3. STAMINA: Filamenta plurima, ultra triginta, re- ceptaculo inferta, apice paululum dilatata j An- ther m olongo-lineares, compreflae, incurvatae, flavae, fig. 4. PISTILLUM; Germina plurima, in capitulum col- legia, comprefia, eredla; Stylis brevibus, acuminatis, apice reflexis terminati ; Stig- mata fimplicia. Jig, 5. SEMEN compreflum, laeve, mucronatum, fig. 6. ROOT confifts of numerous whitifh fibres. STALKS generally feveral from one root, a foot or more in length, varying in fize according to the place of growth, roundiih, befet with rough hairs, and creeping. LEAF-STALKS long, hairy and dilated at the bafe* LEAVES generally hairy on both fides (fometimcs they are found fmooth and (hining) frequently marked with white fpots, compofed of three lobes, or fmaller leaves which have footftalks* thefe are divided into two or three fegments* and fharply notched. FLOWER-BRANCHES upright, generally fupporting two flowers. FLOWER-STALKS downy and flriated. CALYX ; a Perianthium of five leaves, which are ovate, concave, fpreading, hairy, yellowifh, membranous at the edge, and deciduous. Jig, i. COROLLA: five Petals, inverfely heart-fhaped, fpreading, yellow, fhining on the infide. Jig. 2. NECTARY a fmall roundifli Scale at the bale of each petal. Jig, 3. STAMINA: Filaments numerous, upwards of thirty, inferted into the receptacle, dilated a little at top; Anther.® oblong and fomewhat linear, flattened, bent inward, and yellow. Jig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germina numerous, collected into a little head, flattened and upright; terminated by Ihort, pointed Styles, which turn back at top, Stigmata Ample. Jig. 5. SEED flat, fmooth, with a fmall point. Jig. 6. The Ranunculus bulhofus is a very noxious plant in dry paftures, as the acris is in the moift, and fome of the heft meadows about town ; but where the repens abounds, it is more mifchievous than either of thofe, and it is a plant fo general in its growth, that few meadows or paftures are entirely free from it ; it differs from the other two Crowfoots, in having ftalks which run along the ground, and at every joint fending forth roots, and being a plant that will thrive in almoft any foil, it is very apt to become the principal plant of the pafturage, to the great detriment of the farmer, as cattle in general have the greateft averfion to the Crowfoots. From the aftonifhing diverfity of foil and fituation in which this plant is found, the varieties which it afllimes are almoft endlefs; by the Thames fide it will grow three or four feet high, with a ftem nearly as large as one's thumb ; in barren, gravelly fields, it is entirely procumbent, with a ftalk not larger than a fmall wheat ftraw, but in all its various ftates I have ever found it to have a creeping ftalk, and this is a charadter which it does not lofe by cultivation. Haller, milled by his pupil Wiluch*, who fince has retraced his error, fufpedted it to be a variety ot the bulbofus, but the bulbofus was never known to creep, this does wherever its ftalk can touch the ground. Its principal time of flowering is in the month of June, but it may be found in bloflbm during moft of the remaining fummer months. Like the acris and bulbofus it is fometimes found double, but more rarely. Xy\.XV Ranunculum lulhofum non in repentem mutari, ut in Olfcrvationihus Botanicif a. 1747* P* 4* feripferam, nuperiores obfervationes do- cueiunt. Utraque planta diverfitates luas conflantes retinet, ab 111. LinnAo nominibus Ipeciticis optime expreffas. Obfervat. de plant, quihufd* t a n a nett /tu /rrJie/ru K * I \ RanunculusHederaceus. Ivy-leaved Crowfoot. RANUNCULUS Lin. Gen, PL Polyandria PolyOynia. Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5 intra ungues poro mellifero. Seth. huda. Rail Syn. Gen. 15. Herba: semine nudo polyspermje. RANUNCULUS hederaceus foliis fubrotundis trilobis integerrimis, caule repente. Lin. Syji. Vegetal?'. p; 431. Spec. PL p. 781. RANUNCULUS aquaticus hederaceus luteus; Bauh. Pin. 180. RANUNCULUS hederaceus rivulorum fe extendens, atra macula notatus. LB. 111. 782 RANUNCULI aquatilis varietas altera. Ger, emac. 830 RANUNCULUS hederaceus aquaticus. Park. 1216. RANUNCULUS aquatilis hederaceus albus. Raii Syn. p. 249. Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 245. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 294. Oeder FI. Dan. ic. 219. RADICES plurimi, fimplices, albidi, in limum pro- funde demiffi. CAULES plurimi, teretes* folidi, geniculati* craffiuf- culi, repentes, late diffufi; FOLIA petiolata, plerumque quinquelobata, fubcarnofa, nitida, avenia* PETIOLI ad bafin vagina magna* membranacea in- ftrudi* PEDUNCULI axillares, petiolis breviores, uniflori, primo eredi, perada florefcentia verfus terram recurvati. FLORES parvi albi, CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, foliolis ovatis, margine membranaceis, flavefcentibus. fig* i. COROLLA : petala quinque alba, oblonga, obtufiufcula, calyce longiora. Jig. 2. NECTARIUM : Porus nudus prope bafin cujufvis petali. fig- 3- STAMINA: Filamenta quinque ad decem. An- ther je oblonga?, flavae. Jig» 4. SEMINA plurima, obtufa, fig. 5. in capitula fubro- tunda, viciae vulgaris magnitudine fere, denfe flipata. ROOTS numerous, fimple, whitifh, penetrating deeply into the mud. STALKS numerous, round, folid, jointed, thickifb, creeping, Ipreading wide. LEAVES {landing on foot-ftalks, generally divided into five lobes, forne what flefhy, fhining, and veinlefs. LEAF-STALKS at the bafe furnifhed with a large membranous fheath; FLOWER-STALKS proceeding from the alas of the the leaves fhorter than the leaf-flalks, fupport- ing one bloflbm, at firfl upright, after the flowering is over, turned back towards the ground. FLOWERS fmall and white. CALYX : a Perianthium of five leaves, which are ovate, membranous and yellowifh at the edges. fig- T* COROLLA; five white Petals of an oblong fhape, fomewhat obtufe, and larger than the calyx. fig* 2- NECTARY : a naked pore at the bafe of each petal, fig- 3* STAMINA: Filaments from five to ten. Antherje oblong and yellow. Jig, 4. SEEDS numerous, blunt, Jig. 5. crouded together in roundifh heads, about the fize of the common tare. Neither Ltnnjeus, Haller, nor Scopoli, mention this plant in their refpe&ive Flora’s. Oeder figures it in the Flora Danica : the plant he gives us appears as if it had grown in water of fome depth; with us it is molt commonly found fpreading widely on the mud of flow fhallow rivulets, efpecially where the foil isfandy. It flowers during mofl of the luminer months. We fometimes meet with the leaves, having a dark fpot in the middle of each, and in fome fituations the bloffoms are much larger than in others. 2*7 (//a/1 u /i<7/Am /rs/rraretfj ■ (jo/w/t/p/w i{/a/eo/wM. / ' / / vjAleobdolon Galeopsis. Yellow Archangel* GALEOBDOLON Hudfoh FI. Angl. Didynamia Gymn OSPERMI A. Rail Syh. Gen. 24. Suffrutices et Herbie verticillat a:; GALEOBDOLON luteum. Hudfon. FI. Angl, ed. 2. p. 258. GALEOPSIS Galeobdolon verticillis fexfloris; involucro tetraphyllo. Lin. Syfi. Vegetab. p; 446. Spec. PL p. 810. CARDIACA foliis petiolatis, cordatis, verticillis foliofis; Halier'. FUJI. 275. LEONURUS Galeobdolon. Scopdli FI. Carn, n. 705, LAMIUM folio oblongo luteum. Bauh. Pin. 231. Lamium luteum. Ger. emac. 671. Parkins 606, Rail Syn. p. 240. Yellow Archangel or Dead Nettle. GALEOPSIS Galeobdolon. Lightfoot PI. Scot. p. 310. RADIX perennis, inaequalis, fibras plurimas, majuf- culas, in terram demittens. CAULES plures, tetragoni, hirfutuli, floriferi fuberebli, pedales feu bipedales, fleriles peradld floref centia, in longum extenduntur, et poftea humi repent. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, hirfutula, inaequaliter fer- rata, venola, inferioribus cordatis, fuperioribus ovatis, acutis, feflilibus; FLORES verticillatij lutei. VERTICILLI fex, decem aut duodecim flori; CALYX : Involucrum verticillis fubjedtum, foliolis tot quot floribus, linearibus, acutis, rigidulis, ad lentem ciliatis, fig. 2. CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, fubcampa- quinquedentatum, hirfutulum, lineis decem elevatis notatum, alternis obfoletis, dentibus fubaequalibus, acuminatis* fuperiore credfo, diflanti, duobus inferioribus reflexo- • patulis, fig. ii COROLLA monopetala, ringcns; tubus calyce paulo longior, intus purpureus et pilofus; labium fuperius ereclum, longum, fornicatum, villo- fum, villifque ciliatum ; inferius trifidum, laci- niis inaequalibus, maculatis, media produdtiore. fig- 3’ 4* STAMINA : Filamenta quatuor, fubulata* flava, fub labio fuperiore. Antherae bilobae, purpu- rafcentes. Pollen albidum, fig. 5, 6. PISTILLUM: Germen quadripartitum. Stylus fili- formis, purpureus* Stigma bifidum, acu- tum. fig. 7. SEMINA quatuor, e fufco nigricantia, nitidula, tri- quetra, apice truncata in fundo calycis. fis-9- ROOT perennial, irregular, fending down feveral largifti fibres. STALKS feveral, four-cornered, fomewhat hirfute; thofe producing flowers nearly upright, a foot or two feet high; thofe deflitute of bloflbms, ; after the flowering is over, are extended to a great length, and afterwards creep on the ; ground. : LEAVES oppofite, Handing on foot-flalks, {lightly hir- | lute, unevenly ferrated, and veiny; the lower : ones heart-lhaped, the upper ones ovate, f pointed, and feflile. ; FLOWERS growing in whirls, of a yellow colour. : WHIRLS containing from fix to ten or twelve flowers, ; CAL\ X : an Involucrum placed under the whirls, com- \ pofed of as many leaves as there are flowers, \ the leaves linear, pointed, fomewhat rigid, > when magnified fringed at the edge. fig. 2. f CALYX: a Perianthium of cue leaf, fomewhat ; bell-fhaped, having five teeth, flightly hirfute, marked with ten elevated lines, alternately ; fainteff, the teeth nearly equal, having long \ points, the uppermoft upright, and at a dil- P tance from the reft ; the two lowermoft fpread- l ing open and turned fomewhat back, fig. j, t COROLLA monopetalous and ringent; tube a little P longer than the calyx, purple and hairy within ; upper lip upright, Jong, arched, villous, and edged with woolly hairs; the lowermoft di- \ vided into three unequal fegments which are \ fpotted, the middle one longeft. fig. 3, 4. p STAMINA: four Filaments tapering, of a yellow P colour, under the upper lip. Anthers p compofed of two lobes and purplifh. Pollen !: whitifh. fig. 5, 6. PISTILLUM : Germen divided into four parts. Style filiform and purple. Stigma bifid and pointed. [ J*S- 7- - p SEEDS four, of a brownifh black colour, fomewhat P {billing, three cornered, cut off at top, re- f maining in the bottom of the calyx, fig. 0. Linnaeus, though he enumerates this plant with the Galeopfis tribe, feems to think It not perfectly reconcileable with the refl. Haller and Scopoli difagree in their opinions refpeding it; the one confidering it as a Cardiaca the other as a Leonurus. Mr. Hudson, whom we have followed in this inflance, in the laft edition of his Flora Anglica, makes a feparate genus of it under the name of Galeobdolon ; we adopt the trivial name of Galeopfis inflead luteum, with a view of making as little innovation as poffible in names. It is always found in woods and (hady places. In fome parts of England it is frequent, but not in others; we find it tolerably plentiful in Charlton, and fome other Woods about town, flowering in May and June. The foliage is fometimes variegated, in which flate I have obferved it make a beautiful appearance in a uarden. In cultivating this, as well as all other plants, attention (hould be paid to their natural place of growth. ■'4o (; y/m'// > a/rvwu/*/. Stachys ar yens is. Corn Stachys. STACHYS Lin. Gen. PL Didynamia Gymnospermia. Corolla; lab. fuper. fornicatum, lab. inferius lateribus reflexum : intermedia majore emarginata* Stamina deflorata verfus latera reflexa. PaiiSyn. Gen. 14. Suffrutices et Herba: verticillatje. STACHYS arvenfs verticillis fexfloris, foliis obtufis nudiufculis, corollis longitudine calycis, caule debili. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 448. Sp. FI. p. 814. GLECOMA arvenfs. Lin. FI. Suet. n. 512, Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. I. p. 224. upright Ground-ivy, TRIXAGO foliis ovatis, cordatis, rotunde dentatis, hirfutis. Haller. Hijl. 11. 231. SIDERITIS allines trixaginis folio. B. Pin. 233* SIDERITIS hederulae folio-. Park. 587 V SIDERITIS humilis lato obtufo folio. Gerard, emat. 699» STACHYS arvenfis minima. Riv, Irr. Mon. icon. Raii Syn. p. 242. Hudfon FL Angi. ed. 2. p. 260. Corn Stachys. Lightfoot FI. Scot, p, 314. petty Iron*wort or All-heal. Oeder FI. Dan. *■ j87- RADIX annua, fibrofa. CAULIS fpithamaeus feu pedalis, inter fegetes, übi nbbif- cum faepius invenitur, ereCtus (procumbens feu debilis rarius obfervatur) ramofus, tetragonus, hirfutus. Rami alterni, oppofiti. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovato-cordata, obtufa, ve- nofa, hirfuta, obtufe ferrata, fumma feflilia. FLORES parvi, carnei, verticillati, {picati. VERTICILLI circiter fexflori. CALYX : PeriANTHtuM quinque-dentatum, perfiftens, patens, hirfutum. Jig. 1. COROLLA ringens, parva, calyce paulo longior, pal- lide purpurea, labio fuperiore breviore, obtufo, integro, inferiore trifido, laciniis lateralibus bre- vioribus, media majori, rotundata, jig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo bre- viora, inferne alba, fuperne purpurea; An- thers nigricantes; Pollen flavum. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen quadripartitum, viride. Sty- lus longitudine flaminum. Stigma bifidum, acutum. Jig. 4. SEMINA quatuor intra calycem, virefcentia, nigro punClata. Jig. 5. ROOT annual and fibrous. STALK a fpan or a foot in height, among the com where it is generally found with us upright, (it is more rarely found weak or procumbent), branched, four cornered, hirfute. Branches alternately oppofite. LEAVES oppofite, {landing on foot-ftalks, ovate, with an heart-lhaped bafe, obtufe, veiny, hirfute, bluntly ferrated, the uppermoft ones fertile. FLOWERS fmall, flefh-coloured, growing in whirls, and forming a fpike, WHIRLS containing fix flowers in each. CALYX: Perianthium with five teeth, permanent, projecting horizontally, and hairy. fig, i. COROLLA ringent, fmall, a little longer than the calyx, of a pale purple colour, the upper lip fhort, blunt, and entire ; the lower one divided into three fegments, of which the two fide ones are the fhorteft, the middle one large and roundifti. fig. 2. STAMINA: four Filaments, two of which are fhorter than the reft, white below, and purple above; Anthers blackifh; Pollen yellow, fis 3- PISTILLUM: Germen divided into four parts, of a green colour. Style the length of the {la- mina. Stigma bifid and pointed, fig. 4, SEEDS four within the calyx, of a greenifh colour, dotted with black, fig. 5. Botanifts, both ancient and modern, feem to have been at a lofs with what genus of plants they fhould clafs this fmall inhabitant of our Corn-fields. At various times, and by various authors, it has been called a Sideritis, a Lamium, a Marrubiafrum, a Glechorna, a Stachys, and a Trixago. It appears neither to poflefs the ftriking characters of any other genus, nor to afford fufficient diftinCtion to form a genus by itfelf. As a fpecies, however, there is no difficulty about it; its place of growth, the fmallnefs of its flowers, and form of its leaves, obvioufly diftinguifh it from any other Englifh plant. It is not uncommon in the Corn-fields about the Oak of Honour and Coomb Woods, and elfewhere about London ; it flowers in June, July, and Auguf. V Prunella Vulgaris. Self-heal. PRUNELLA Lin, Gen. PL Didynamia Gymnospermia. Filamenta bifurca: altero apice antherifero. Stigma bifidum. Raii Syn. Gen. 14. Suffrutices et Herba: verticillat^e. PRUNELLA vulgaris foliis omnibus ovato-oblongis ferratis petiolatis, Ltn. Syjl, Vegetal. p. 458. Sp. Pl. 837. FL Suec. 540. BRUNELLA foliis ovatis oblongis calycibus fuperne truncatis. Haller. Hift. n. 277. BRUNELLA vulgaris. Scopoli FL Carn. 715. PRUNELLA major folio non difledo. Bauh. pin. 260. PRUNELLA Gerard., emac. 631. PRUNELLA vulgaris. Parkinf. 1680. 2?#// Syn, p. 258. Common Self-heal. Hudfion. i 7/. ft/. 2. p. 264. Lightfoot Flor. Scot. p. 321. RADIX annua, fibrofiflima. * CAULIS dodrantalis, pedalis et ultra, ere&us, ad bafin ufque ramofus, geniculatus, geniculis inferiori- bus radicantibus, fubquadratus, utrinque canali- culatus, hirfutus, purpurafcens. ROOT annual, and exceedingly fibrous. STALK, from half a foot, to a foot or more in height, upright, branched quite down to the bottom, jointed, the lowermoft joints fending down roots, fomewhat fquare, with a deep groove on each fide, rough and purplifh. BRANCHES like the ftalk, bending upward, alternately oppofite, the lower ones longed, LEAVES oppofite, {landing on footdalks, ovate, flat, fpreading, rough with little prominent points, faintly indented on the edge, rather than fawed. LEAF-STALKS hollow above, and hairy on the edges. SPIKES terminal, feflile, fomewhat cylindrical, about an inch in length, as if cut offat top, compofed of floral leaves and flowers Handing on fhort foct- ftalks. FLORAL-LEAVES heartfhaped, broad and pointed, fomewhat tranfparent, veiny, edged with hairs, hirfute on the under fide, Imooth and finning above. WHIRLS fix flowers in each. CALYX: a tubular Perianthium, fomewhat longer than the floral-leaves, angular on each fide, fraooth above, with three faint ribs, driated be- low, the angles edged with hairs, compofed of two lips, the uppermod of which is flat, and fomewhat deprefted, cut oft at top, terminated by three fmall teeth, the fides flat, the lower lip narrower, bifid, the fegments long and pointed, fig. I. COROLLA of a violet colour, eafily falling, monopeta- Jous and ringent, the tubular part a little longer than the calyx, the upper lip hollow, entire, and villous above, the lower lip divided into three fegments, of which the fide-ones are entire and bend downward, the middle one up- right, round, and finely toothed, fig. 2. STAMINA : four Filaments, tapering, of a violet co- lour, forked at top, of which two are longer than the others ; Anther® compofed of two lobes, which diverge and fit on the inner fork, jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen divided into four parts, fur- rounded by a notched gland ; Style filiform, the length of the {lamina; Stigma bifid and pointed, fig. 4, 5, 6, 7. I SEEDS four, ovate, fmall, obtufely angular, fmooth, brown, and terminated by a white point, fig. 8. ] RAMI cauli fimiles, adfcendentes, alterne oppofiti, infe- rioribus longioribus. | FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, ovata, plana, patentia, pun&is jj prominulis fcabriufcula, obfolete dentata po-3 tins quam ferrata. PETIOLI fuperne canaliculati, marginibus hirfutis. SPICiE terminales, felliles, fubcylindricae, pollicares, truncatas, e floribus verticillatis breviter pedi-1 cellatis et bradlaeis conflantes. BRACTEAE cordatae, latae, acuminatae, fubdiaphanae, j venofae, ciliatae, fubtus hirfutae, fupra glabrae. 3 3 VERTICILLI fexflori. ; CALYX: Perianthium tubulatum, braftasis paulo« longius, biangulatum, fupra glabrum, triner- • veum, fubtus ftriatum, angulis ciliatis, bilabia-; turn; labio fuperiore depreflb-plano, truncato, ’ crenato, minutim tridentato, lateribus planis, : inferiore angufliore, bifido, laciniis acuminatis. fg- I- COROLLA violacea, caduca, monopetala, ringens, pars tubulofa calyce paulo longior, labium luperius concavum, integrum, fuperne viilofum, infe- rius trifidum, laciniis lateralibus integris, de- flexis, intermedia eredla, rotundata, denticulata. fig* 2* STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, fubulata, violacea, bifurca, quorum duo breviora; Anthera: bi- lobae, lobis divergentibus, furca interiore infi- dentes. fig. 3. # PISTILLUM: Germen quadripartitum, glandula cre- nata cin&um ; Stylus filiformis, longitu- dine flaminum; Stigma bifidum, acutum. fig- 4,5, 6, 7. SEMINA quatuor, ovata, parva, obtute angulata, glabra, fufca, mucrone albo terminata, jig. 8. In many of the natural clafles of plants, the feveral genera approximate fo much, that it is difficult to find out a character which (hall obvioully diftinguilh them; fuch a character is however afforded in the prefent plant. If the filaments are examined, each of them will be found forked at the extremity, and the anthera inflamed on the inner- moll divifion of the fork ; betides this curious and uncommon Hrudure, the middle fegment ot the lower lip is finely toothed. This is noticed by Tournefort in his figures of this genus, but the former wholly omitted, it did not however efcape the penetrating Linnaeus, who confiders it as the efiential charader of the Prunella; nor is the calyx in this plant undeferving of our attention, whether we confider its Hrudure, or the Angular manner in which it clofes up to preferve the feeds. The Self-heal has an herbaceous roughifh tafte, and hence Hands recommended in alvine fluxes; it has been principally celebrated as a vulnerary, whence its name, and in gargarifms for apthie, and inflammations of the fauces. Lewis's Difp. p. 205. It grows very commonly in meadows and pailures, and flowers in June and July. Its bloflbms, which are ufually* of a violet colour, arc fometimes found white, and fometimes red. According to Linnjeus’s experiments, kine, goats, and fheep, eat it ; but horfes refufe it. Scutellaria Minor. Small Hooded -Willow Herb. SCUTELLARIA Gen. PL Di dynamia Gymnospermia. Calyx ore integro: poft florefcentiam claufo, operculato Rail Syn. Gen. 14. Suffrutices et herbae verticillat^. SCUTELLARIA minor foliis cordato-ovatis fubintegerrimis, floribus axillaribus. Lin. Syji. Veg. p. 457. Sp. Plant, p. 835. CASSIDA paluflris minima flore purpurafcente. Tourn, Hiji. p. 410. LYSIMACHIA galericulata minor. Raii Hiji, §j2. Syn, 244. The lefler-hooded Loofeftrife. GRATIOLA latifolia. Gerard emac. 585. GRATIOLA latifolia feu noftras minor. Parkinfi. 221. Hudfion FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 265. Lightfioot FI. Scot. p. 320. RADIX perennis, repens, alba. CAULIS ereftus, palmaris, fefquipalmaris, et ultra, fimplex, aut ramofus, in horto ramofiflimus evadens, tetragonus, rigidulus, fubhirfutus, bafi purpurafcens. FOLIA oppofita, fubfecunda, breviftime petiolata, cordato-ovata, obtufa, fubintegerrima, in umbrofis glabra, in apricis hirfuta, etfubinde rubentia. FLORES parvi, carnei, axillares, bini, pedunculati, pedunculis calyce longioribus. CALYX : Perianthium monophyllum, brevifli- mum, hirfutum, ore bilabiato, integro, fqua- mula incumbente operculi indar claufili, fig• i- COROLLA monopetala, ringens, labium fuperius trifidum, fuperne villofum, laciniis fubaequa- libus, intermedia concava emarginata, late- ralibus remotiufculis, nec intermedias fub- jeftis ficut in galericulata, fig. 2, inferius la- tius, emarginatum, pun6lis et lineolis rubris pulchre variegatum, fig. 3. STAMINA: Fi lamenta quatuor, alba, fub labio fuperiore recondita, quorum duo longiora. Anthers minimae, albae, ad lentem hirfu- tui®, fis-4- PISTILLUM : G ermen quadripartitum. Stylus albus, longitudine flaminum, fuperne pau- lulum incraftatus. Stigma fimplex, incur- vatum, acuminatum, 5. PERICARPIUM nullum, calyx continens SEMINA quatuor, fubrotunda, ad lentem afpera, fig- 6. NECTARIUM glandula aurantiaca ad bafin ger- minis, fig. 7. ROOT perennial, creeping, and white. STALK upright, a hand’s breadth, fix inches or more in height, fimple or branched, in the garden becoming very much fo, four-corner- ed, fomewhat rigid and hirfute, purplifti at the bafe. LEAVES oppofite, with a tendency to grow one way, (landing on very fhort foot-ftalks, heart- (haped, ovate, obtufe, almoft entire on the edges, in fhady fituations fmooth, in expofed ones hirfute, and fometimes reddifh. FLOWERS fmall, of a pale red colour, growing by pairs in the alae of the leaves, (landing on foot-ftalks longer than the calyx. CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, very (hort, hirfute, the mouth compofed of two lips and entire, with a fmall fcale like a lid refting on its fig* i. COROLLA monopetalous, and ringent, the upper lip trifid, and villous above, the fegments nearly equal, the intermediate one hollow and nicked, the fide ones fomewhat diftant from each other, not placed under the inter- mediate one as in the galericulata, fig, 2, the lower lip broader, with a (ingle notch, and prettily variegated with red lines and dots, fig- 3- STAMINA: four Filaments, of a white colour, hid under the upper lip, two of which are longer than the other two. Anthers very minute, white, and (lightly hirfute, when magnified, fig. 4. PISTILLUM: Germen divided into four parts. Style white, the length of the (lamina, thickened a little above. Stigma fimple, a little hooked, and pointed, fig. 5. SEED-VESSEL none, the calyx containing four feeds. SEEDS of a roundifti (hape, appearing rough when magnified, fig. 6. NECTARY : an orange-coloured gland at the bafe of the germen, fig. 7. Gerard, our countryman, appears to have been the difcoverer of this fpecies, to which he gives the names of Gratiola latifolia. Parkinson, who confidered it as a plant peculiar to this country, adds to them the epithet of nofir as. Tournefort, afterwards enumerating the plants growing about Paris, mentions it as growing with them in feveral places ; neverthelefs it is not common throughout Europe. Indeed Linnaeus, in his Species Plantarum, exprefsly fays, habitat in Anglia. Gerard’s referring a plant to another o-e fo obvioufly fimilar in its parts of fruftification to what was then called Lyfimachia galericulata, fhew?, that little attention was paid to thofe parts at that time ; nor was he very fortunate in applying to the leaves'of fo fmall a plant the name of latifolia. Had Linnaeus frequently feen and cultivated this plant, as we have had opportunity of doing, he would have expreffed no doubt of its being too nearly related to the galericulata and hafiifolia, Vid. Spec. Plant. In the time of old Gerard, this fpecies was found on Hampfi cad-Heath, and on fome of the boo-gy parts of that Heath it ftiil exifts ; but is more plentifully met with in fimilar fituations, on Putney arid Shirlev Commons. J J It flowers in July, Auguft, and September. On Shirley-Common we have feen it much larger than the fpecimen figured ; and this fummer found a fingle plant which had blue flowers. 2tf3 Os/cafed/hr/a m/no-r. OroAzw/i-e m/u#r. Orobanche major. Common Broom-RApR, OROBANCHE Lin. Gen. Ph Didynamia Angiospermia Cal. bifidus. Cor. ringens. Caps, unilocularis, bivalvis, polyfpefma; Glandula Tub ball germinis. Raii Syn. Gen. 18. HeRb.E fruUtu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. OROBANCHE major caule fimpliciHlrho pubefcente, flaminibus fubexfcrtis. Lin. Syjl. Vegetal. p. 497. Spec. PI. p. 882. FI. Suec. n. 561. OROBANCHE caule fimplici, dipula linica, calyce quadrifido. Haller. Hift. 295, OROBANCHE major, Scofoli FI. Cam. n. 782. OROBANCHE major Garyophyilum olens. Bauh. pin, 87. RAPUM Geni fix Ger. emac. 1311. Parkinf. 229. Raii Syn, p. *2BB. Broom-rape. Pludfon, FI, Angh ed. 2i p. 266. Lightfoot Flor. Scot. p. 332. RADIX Spartii fcoparii radicibus plerumque adnafeitur. CAULIS pedalis ad fefquipedalem, ereclus, (implex, fif- tulofus, teretiufculus, fulcato-ftriatus, vlllo- fus, purpurafeens, (quamis fparfis, marcidis, teflus, ad bafin bulbofus, bulbo fquamofo. FLORES fpicati, feffiles, purpurafeentes plerumque, ali- quando etiam flavefeentes, (pica primo acuta, dein fubcylindrica. CALYX ; Perianthium monophyllum, eretftum, quadrifidum, poftice ad bafin ufque divifum, et antice magis profunde quam ad latera, villo- fum, albefeens, laciniis feu dentibus fubrequa- libus, ferrugineis* fig. 1. COROLLA: monopetala, ringens, plerumque purpu- rafeens, ad ferrugineum colorem accedens, per- fidens; tubus inclinatus, amplus, ventricolus; faux hians ; labium fiuperius concavum, obfolete trifidum, fubcarinatum, externe vifeidum ; la- bium inferius trifidum, lacinula media produc- , tiore, concava, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, fubulata, alba, fub labio fuperiore recondita, quorum duo longiora ; Antherte leviter cohaerentes, ftramineae, di- dymae, ovatae, mucronibus terminatae, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, ba(i antice tribus glandulis, protuberantibus, flavis, melleum li- quorem copiofe fundentibus, notatum ; Stylus pubefeens, ftaminibus paulo longior, purpuraf- eens, apice inflexus ; Stigma femibifidum, obtufum, craftiufculum, flavum, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM : Capsula ovato-oblonga, acuminata, unilocularis, bivalvis. fig. 5. SEMINA numerofa, minima; receptacula quatuor, li- nearia, lateralia, adnata, fig. 6, 7. ROOT generally grows to the roots of the common Broom. STALK from a foot to a foot and a half in height, up- right, Ample, hollow, roundifti, fomevvhaC channeled, villous, of a purplifh colour, co- vered with withered fauama?, bulbous at bot- x ' tom, the bulb fquamous. FLOWERS growing in fpikes, feiiile, for the mofc part purplifti, fometimes alfo yellowifh, the fpike is at Arft pointed, and then be'comes cylin- drical. CALYX : a Perlanthium of one leaf, upright, di- vided into four fegments, pofteriorly quite down» to the bafe, and anteriorly more deeply ■ that at the fides ; villous, whitifh, the feg- ments or teeth nearly equal, and ferruginous* fig• u COROLLA raonopetaldus, ririgent, generally purpliflr, approaching to the colour of rufty iron ; tube bending downward, large, bellying out; mouth gaping; upper-lip hollow, obfoletely trifid, fomewhat keeled, and externally vifeid ; the lower lip trifid and hollow, the middle feg- ment the longed. Jig. 2. STAMINA : four Filaments, tapering, white, hid under the upper lip, two of which are longer than the reft ; Antherje (lightly cohering, of a ft raw colour, double, ovate, each cavity terminating in a point, jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen oblong, marked anteriorly at the bafe with three protuberant yellow glands, which pour forth plentifully a fweet liquor ; Style downy, a little longer than the (la- mina, purplifti, bent down at top; Stigma half-divided, obtufe, thickifh, and yellow. fig-4. SEED-VESSEL an ovate, oblong capfule, terminating in a point, of one cavity and two valves. Jig. 5. SEEDS numerous and very final!; receptacles four, li- near, growing to the (ides of the capiule. fig- 6, 7- The literal Englifh tranflation of the Greek word Orohanche is Strangle-tare*: this term has been given by Dioscorides to one plant, and by Theophrastus to another; ours is undoubtedly the Orohanche of Dioscorides, (as it accords with his defeription f)? and alfo of Pliny. The Orohanche of Theophrastus mud have been iome * OPOEArXH, Ervangina Gaza, quod opo&u olyxth ervum Jirangulet, dicitur. f “ Orobanche cauliculus eft fefquipedalis, et interdum major, fubruber, hirfutus, tener, fine fofto, pinguis; (lore fubalbido, aut in luteum. “ vergente : radice digiti craftitudine, et cum ariditate flaccefcit caulis, fiftuiofa. Hanc inter qusdam legumina nafei conftat, et ea ftranguLre, “ unde Orobanche fibi cognomentum ufurpavit. Lftur, ut olus, cruda, et in patinis, afparagi modo, decofta. Legumentis addita, concoolio- “ nem accelerare creditur.” Matth. ex Diofc. climbing plant, ns is evident from Ins words, which are thus quoted by Matthiolus, “ Ervum necat amplexu “ complexuque fuo,” whereas the Orobanche of Dioscorides, according to the fame author, by its pretence only, c‘ fua tantum prefentia,” deflroys the Legumina, Corn, Hemp, and Flax which grow near it, and from which property of choaking and devouring the neighbouring plants, Matthiolus lays they called it in fome parts of Italy the IVolf plant \ its pernicious effefts in this refpeft are confirmed by a later Italian writer Micheli, who mentions its being proferibed in Tufcany by public ediCt. The moft remarkable circumlfance in the oeconomy of this plant, is its growing from the roots of others; Caspar Bauhine aflerts, that it is always attached to the fibres (fibris) of fome plant near it; feveral of my bo- tanic friends are of opinion that it is not parafitical in all fituations, efpecially in corn-fields, but they have not confirmed their opinions by aftual and repeated examinations, which are ftill wanting. The plants from the roots of which Casp. Bauhine obferved it to grow were the Spartium Scoparium, common Broom, Genijla tinfforia. Woodwaxen, Hieracium fuhaudum, fhrubby Hawkweed, Trifolium, Trefoil, (no particular fpecies is mentioned), and Orohus tubero fits. Wood Pea; all of thefe (one excepted) are leguminous plants, to which it is obferved to have the ftrongeft attachment; I have met with it but rarely about London, excepting one fpot, in which it might be Laid truly to abound ; this was a fmall, hilly, barren field, covered partly with furze and broom, on the left- hand fide of the road, within about two miles of Kingfton, Surry, about half a mile beyond the Robin Hood and Turnpike, in which field the Botanift will find feveral other rare plants. I have alfo feen it on Hampftead Heath, and on the borders of Charlton Wood ; in thefe feveral fituations it grew either out of the roots of Broom or Furze, but chiefly the former. My late gardener Robert Squibb once brought me out of Surry a very flrong plant of Orohanche, which had grown in a corn field on the root of the Centaurea Scabiofa: I planted both roots iri my garden, in the fituation they were found ; the Knapweed grew, but the Broom-rape died. Several perlons have informed me of their having found it to be parafitical on the roots of Clover, in particular Dr. Goodenougii and Mr. Ruggles of Cobham ; Mr. Thomas White once related to me his having obferved a fmall Orobanche growing on walls, &c. in Pembrokefhire, and that the decayed floor of an old cafile in particular was almofl covered with it; he alfo noticed, that in fome of the weflern counties this plant was fo common as to give the mowers caufe of complaint. The Orobanche appears to vary in fize according to the fize of the root it grows on, the flem being fometimes almofl: as thick as one’s thumb, and at other times not much larger than a wheat-ftraw; the flowers vary much in their colour, but are moftly dead-purple or yellowifh. The feed of this plant is remarkably fmall, hence it will be extremely difficult to ffiew its vegetation by expe- riment, more efpecially as it requires a very particular foil and fituation, yet no one can doubt but the plant is propagated thereby; it muff firfl vegetate on the earth, then the radicle, which is fent downward, finding a proper root, attaches itfelf to it, quits its parent earth, and becomes parafitical. It has a faint fmell of cloves, and is faid to be a flrong aflringent and ufeful vulnerary. LiNNiEus remarks that Sweden is too cold for it to flourifh with them. ( ' ////sr/'///yyywy (Uw//y//w Antirrhinum Orontium. Small Snapdragon. ANTIRRHINUM Lin, Gen» Pl. Didynamia Angiospermia. Cal. 5-phyllus. Corollre baAs deorfum prominens, ne£larifera. Capfula 2-locularis. Rati Syn. Gen. 18. Herb.® fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo. ANTIRRHINUM Orontium corollis ecaudatis, floribus fubfpicatis, calycibus corolla longioribus. Lin. Syji. Vegetab. p. 466. Sp. Pl. p. 860. F/. Suec. n. 559. ANTIRRHINUM foliis ellipticis obtuAs, floribus fparfls, calycibus fubulatis longiffimis, calcare bre- viftima. Haller. Hift. n. 334. ANTIRRHINUM Orontium. Scopoli Pl. Carn. n. 774. ANTIRRHINUM anguftifolium fyiveftre. Bauh. Hiji. III. 464« ANTIRRHINUM arvenfe majus. Bauh. pin. 212, ANTIRRHINUM fylveflre medium. Parkin/. 1334. Raii Syn. p. *283. The lefter wild Calf’s Snout or Snapdragon. Hudjon. PL Angl. ed. 2. p. 274. RADIX annua, (implex, rigida, albida, fibrofa, fibris paucis, patentibus. CAULIS fpithamaeus, aut pedalis, (implex feu ramofus, ere&us, teres, pilofus, pilis patentibus, fub- vifeidis. FOLIA ima oppofita, fubconnata, fuperiora alterna, li- neari-lanceolata, carinata, deflexa, integerrima, hirfutula. FLORES pauci, axillares, fefliles, rubelli, vix fpicati, nifi in fpeciminibus majoribus. CALYX: Perianthium quinque-partitum, perfidens, laciniis linearibus, carinatis, hirfutis, longitu- dine corollae, fuperiore longiore. COROLLA monopetala, rofea, venis fatu ratioribus ftriata, inferne et fuperne pubefeens; labium fuperius bifidum, lateribus reflexum, inferius trifidum, laciniis deflexis, intermedia minore, Nettarium breviffimum, obtufum. fig. 1. STAMINA : Filamenta quatuor, filiformia, purpu- rafcentia, glabra, quorum duo breviora ; An- thers flavae, bilobae, conniventes. fig. 2. PISTILLUM: Germen fubrotundum, villofum; Sty- lus fubulatus, villofus, apice paululum incli- natus; Stigma obtufum, flavum, fig. 3. PERICARPIUM: Capsula pedunculata, eredta, hir- futa, apice triforaminofa, bilocularis, fig, 4. SEMINA plurima, nigricantia, angulata, fig. 5. ROOT annual, fimple, ftlfF, whitifh, fibrous, fibres few and fpreading. STALK from a fpan to a foot in height, fimple or branched, upright, round, hairy, the hairs fpreading and fomewhat vifcid. LEAVES of a fhape betwixt linear and lanceolate, keeled, turning downward, entire at the edge, flightly hairy, the lowermofi: oppofite, (lightly uniting at the bafe, the uppermofi: alternate. | FLOWERS few, growing from the ala? of the leaves, feffile, of a bright red colour, fcarcely form- ; ing a fpike, unlefs in large (pecimens. : CALYX: a Perianthium deeply divided Into five : fegments, and permanent; the fegments linear, ; keeled, hairy, the length of the corolla, the : uppermofi: fegment longed, ; COROLLA monopetalous, rofe coloured, ftriped with veins of the fame colour but deeper, both • above and below (lightly hairy, the upper lip j bifid, the fides turning back, the lower lip trifid, the fegments turning down, the middle I one the fmallefl:; Nettary very fhort and blunt. I M '■ ■ STAMINA : four Filaments, thread-fhaped, purplifh, \ fmooth, two of which are fhorter than the ' others; Anthers yellow, clofing together, \ compofed of two lobes, fig. 2. r PISTILLUM : Germen roundifh, and villous ; Style tapering, villous, bending a little downward at top ; Stigma blunt and yellow, fig. 3. SEED-VESSEL : a Capsule (landing on a tootfialk, \ upright, hairy, having two cavities and three j; apertures at top. fig. 4. I SEEDS numerous, blackifh and angular, fig. 5. This fpecies of Antirrhinum is diftinguifhed from all the others, the majus excepted, by having no fpur to the corolla, and from the majus by being an annual, and having long, pointed leaves to the calyx, which in that plant are fhort and obtufe. It grows in tolerable plenty in Batterfea Corn-Aelds, where it flowers in July and Auguft, The feed-veftel, when fully ripe, is a curious representation of the fkull of a Quadruped, 2bJ '//rt/t/rtjttM f'/tsyt/tamj/rffm Ra phanus Raphanistrum. Wild Radish. RAPHANUS Lin, Gen, PL Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Cal. claufus. Siliqua torofa, fubarticulata, teres. Glandulce melliferse 2 inter damina breviora et pidillum, totidem inter flamina longiora et calycem. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. Herba: tetrapetal.e siliquos.e et siliculos.e. RAPHANUS Raphanifirum filiquis teretibus articulatis Isevibus unilocularibus. Lin, Syjl. Ve?etah. p. 504. Sp. PL 935. FI. Suec. n, 612. Haller Hiji, n. 468. RAPHANISTRUM fegetum, flore luteo vel pallido. Tournef. Injl, 240. RAPISTRUM flore luteo, filiqua glabra articulata. Raii Syn. p. 296, RAPHANUS fylveflris. Ger. emac. 240. ILudfon FI. AngL p. 289. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 362. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa, pallide fufca. CAULIS pedalis ad fefquipedalem, ereftus, teres, fo- < lidus, hifpidus, glaucus, ad bafin ufque pie- ■ rumque ramofus, ramis fsepe longitudine H caulis, ad bafin purpureis. FOLIA petiolata, pinnatifida, alterna, fcabra, infe- rioribus pinnarum quatuor aut quinque pa- rium, fuperioribus duarum triumve, omnibus obtufiufcule ferratis feu dentatis, dentibus apice purpureis. FLORES pedunculati, lutei, albi, feu carnei, venis nigricantibus picli. CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, eredum, hif- pidulum, foliolis oblongis, parallelis, conni- ventibus, deciduis, bafi gibbis, 1. COROLLA tetrapetala, cruciformis: petala alba five lutea vel purpurafcentia, venofa : venis nigri- cantibus, obcordata, integra, patentia, fenfim in ungues calyce paulo longiores attenuata, fig• 2. STAMINA: Filamenta fex, fubulata, erefta; quo- rum duo oppofita longitudine calycis, qua- tuor vero unguibus longiora. Anthers oblongas, ere&ae, fagittatas, fig, 3. PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, ventricofum, atte- nuatum, longitudine flaminum. Stylus vix ullus. Stigma capitatum, integrum, fig. 4. PERICARPIUM: Siliqua teres, articulata, articulis tri- bus ad fex et ultra, fulcatis, unilocularibus, monofpermis, geniculis attenuatis, apice rof- trata, roftro lineari compreflb, glabra, fig, 5. SEMINA fubrotunda, ferruginea, glaberrima, magni- tudine feminum Raphani fativi, Jig. 6. ROOT annual, fimple, fibrous, and of a pale brown colour. STALK from a foot to a foot and a half in height, up- right, round, folid, hifpid, glaucous, gene- rally branched quite down to the bottom, branches often as long as the (talk, and pur- ple at bottom. LEAVES ftanding on foot-ftalks, pinnatifid, alter- nate, rough, the lowermoft confining of four or five pair of pinnae, the uppermoft of two or three, all of them obtufely ferrated or toothed, the teeth purple at the tips. FLOWERS ftanding on foot-ftalks, yellow, white or flefti-coloured, painted with blackifh veins, CALYX: aPE rianthium of four leaves, upright, a little hifpid, the leaves oblong, parallel, clofing together, deciduous, gibbous at the i. COROLLA compofed of four petals, which are white, yellow, or purplilh, veined (the veins blackifh) inverfely heart-fhaped, entire, fpreading, ter- minating gradually in claws, a little longer than the calyx, Jig. 2. STAMINA: fix Filaments, tapering, upright; of which two oppofite ones are of the length of the calyx, and four of the length of the claws of the corolla. Anthers oblong, upright, arrow-fhaped. Jig, 3. PISTILLUM’: Germen oblong, bellying out a little, tapering, the length of the ftamina. Style fcarce any. Stigma forming a little head, and entire, Jig. 4. SEED-VESSEL a round jointed Pod, compofed of three, fix, or more joints, which are grooved, of one cavity, containing a fingle feed, the joints cut in, the apex terminating in a linear, flat, fmooth beak, fig. 5. SEEDS roundifh, ferrugineous, very fmooth, the fize of the common garden Radifh, fig. 6. The prefent plant, in the colour of its bloflbm, is one of the mod variable we are acquainted with, being found with white, pale-red, and yellow flowers ; as the yellow is the mod predominant with us, we have figured that variety. Though the bloflbms vary fo widely as to colour, they are all in general flriped with purplifli veins; a chara6ler which contributes with feveral others to didinguifh it from the Sinapis Arvenfis, or Charlock, to which it bears no final! refemblance; fome of the mod drilling differences between thefe two plants we (hall here enumerate. The Charlock ufually grows one-third taller than the Radidi. The dalks, which in the Charlock are finely grooved, hirfute, and commonly of a deep red colour, in the Radidi are fmooth, yet hifpid, and ufually glau- cous. The Charlock has often an unbranched dem; the Radidi is more frequently branched quite down to the bottom; befides, the calyx is upright and dole in the Radidi; in the Charlock it is fpreading. The flowers of the Charlock alfo are finaller, and always yellow. It is a common and noxious inhabitant of Corn-fields, and flowers in July and Augufi. Linnaeus has given a particular paper on this plant in the Amoenitates Academicae, in which he endeavours to prove, that an epidemic ipafmodic dffeafe, common in fome parts of Sweden, is owing to the feeds of this plant being ground with the corn and eaten by the inhabitants. f V/// y 7 /{. i ' y/rf/s v/ Turritis glabra. Smooth Tower-Mustard TURRITIS Lin. Gen. PL Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Siliqua longlflima, angulata. Cal, connivens, eredus. Cor. ereda. RaiiSyn. Gen. 21. tetrapetalje, Siliquosa; et Siliculos^e TURRITIS glabra foliis radicalibus dentatis hifpidis, caulinis integerrimis amplexicaulibus glabris. Lin. Syjl, Vegetab. p. 502. Sp. PL p. 930. Haller. Hift, n. 455. TURRITIS glabra. Scopoli FL Cam. n. 839. BRASSICA fylveftris foliis circa radicem cichoraceis. Bauh. Pin. 112. TURRITIS foliis inferioribus cichoraceis, caeteris perfoliatis. J. R. H. BRASSICA fylveftris ramofa tota pene glabra. Bauh. Pin. 112. TURRITIS vulgatior. Bauh. Hift. 11. 836 TURRITIS Ger. emac. 272. Parkins 852, Raii Syn. p. 293. Tower*Muftard. Hudfon FL AngL ed. 2' p. 291. RADIX biennis, fimplex, alba, fublignofa, alte in ter- ram, defcendens, paucis fibrillis capillata. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, eredus, plerumque fim- plex, firmus, teres, folidus, prope terram hir- futus, fuperne glaber. FOLIA radicalia pallide viridia, hirfuta, ad margines finuata, tres quatuorve uncias longa, caulina glauca, glabra, integerrima, amplexicaulia, ereda, fagittata. FLORES in fummls caulibus parvi, ex albo lutefcentes. CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis ovato- oblongis, ereClis, deciduis, fg. 1. COROLLA: tetrapetala, cruciformis. Petala ovato- oblonga, obtufa, integra, unguibus eredis. fg. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta fex, fubulata, alba, quorum duo breviora. Antherm fimplices, flavae. fig-3- PISTILLUM: Germen longitudine floris, teres, fub- compreflum. Stylus nullus. Stigma obtu* fum. fig. 4. PERICARPIUM : Siliqua plurimae, pedicellate, erede, duos vel tres digitos longe, caulem fere occul- tantes, teretiufcule, fubcomprefle, obfoletc quadrangule, fg. 5. SEMINA parva, numerofifiima, ovata, planiufcula, rufa. fg- 6. ROOT biennial, fimple, white, fomewhat woody, pene- trating deeply into the earth, furnifhed with few fibres. STALK from one to three feet in height, upright, generally fimple, firm, round, folid, near the ground hirfute, above fmooth. LEAVES next the root, of a pale green colour, firongly hairy, jagged on each fide, three or four inched in length, thofe of the fialk glaucous, per- fectly fmooth and entire, embracing the fialk, upright, and arrow-Ihaped. FLOWERS on the top of the ftaiks, final], of a whitlfh yellow colour. CALYX : a Perianthium of four leaves, the leaves of an ovate oblong fhape, upright and deciduous. fig-1- COROLLA tetrapetalous and crofs-fhaped. Petals of an ovate-oblong fiiape, obtufe, entire, claws upright, fg. 2. STAMINA: fix Filaments, tapering, white, two of which are fhorter than the others. Anthera: fimple, and yellow, fg, 3. PISTILLUM : Germen the length of the flower, round, a little flattened. Style none. Stigma blunt, fg. 4. SEED-VESSEL: Pods numerous, Handing on foot- fialks, upright, two or three fingers breadth in length, almoft hiding the fialk, roundifh, fomewhat flattened, faintly quadrangular. fig-s- SEEDS fmall, very numerous, ovate, flattifli, of a red- difh brown colour, fg. 6. The term glabra is only proper when applied to the upper part of this plant, the radical leaves, which generally decay as the plant approaches to maturity, being hairy, like many other plants of the lame family. It is found but rarely near London. Hitherto I have only noticed it in one fpot, viz. in the lane which leads down by Charlton Church, and there but fparingly; further on in Kent it is much more common, as well as in many other parts of England. It ufually grows on banks near hedges, and flowers in June and July. It varies fo much in lize, that the old Botanifts make two fpecies of it. Cardamine Hirsuta. Hairy Ladies-Smock. CARDAMINE Lin. Gen. PL Tetradynamia Siliouosa. Siliqua elaflice difliliens valvulis revolutis. Stigma integrum. Cal. fubhians. Raii Syn. Gen. 21. Herbie CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis, floribus tetrandris. Lin. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 497. Sp. PL p. 915. FI. Suec. n. 587. CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis hirfutis, pinnis fubrotundis, flaminibus quaternis. Haller Hijl. 472. CARDAMINE hirfuta. Scopoli FL Cam. n. 817. t. 38. NASTURTIUM aquaticum minus. Bauh. Pin. 104. CARDAMINE impatiens altera hirfutior. Raii Syn. p. 300. The lefler Hairy, impatient Cuckow- Flower or Ladies-Smock. CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis, foliolis radicalibus fubrotundo-cordatis ; caulinis ovatis dentatis petiolatis. Hudfon. FL Ang, ed. 2. p. 295. Lightfoot FL Scot. p. 348. RADIX annua, fibrofa, fibris albidis. CAULIS fpithamaeus, et ultra pro ratione loci, in foffis humidis reperitur etiam fefquipedalis, folidus, ereftus, flexuofus, fulcato-angulofus, prope bafin purpureus, et faepius hirfu- tiffimus, fuperne fere glaber, ramofus, ra- mofiflimus etiam occurrit, FOLIA radicalia plurima, in orbem pofita, pinnata, foliolis petiolatis, rotundato angulatis, ple- rumque quinque lobatis, hirfutis, punftis prominulis fcabriufculis, lobis inaequalibus, nunc obtufis, nunc acutis, caulina an- gudiora et magis profunde incifa, lobis paucioribus. FLORES parvi, albi, primo vere tantum, tetrandri. CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis ovato- oblongis, obtufis, concavis, deciduis, pilis paucis albidis indru&is, fig. 1. COROLLA: Petala quatuor, alba, calyce duplo fere longiora, patentia, integerrima, ob- tufa, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta plerumque fex, quorum duo, breviora, alba. Anthers minimae, lutefcentes, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, tenue, daminibus paulo brevior. Stigma 4. PERICARPIUM : Siliqua ere&a, uncialis, fubcom- preffa, bivalvis, elallice difliliens, valvulis revolutis, fig. 5. SEMINA duodecim circiter, fuborbiculata, comprcffa, glabra, e flavo fufca, fig. 6. ROOT annual and fibrous, the fibres whitifh. STALK about a fpan high, or more, according to the fituation in which it grows; in wet ditches it is fometimes found even a foot and a half in height, folid, upright, crooked, grooved or angular, purple near the bafe, and mod commonly very hairy, above nearly fmooth, branched, fometimes very much fo. LEAVES next the root numerous, forming a circle, pinnated, the fmall leaves danding on foot- dalks, round yet angular, generally divided into five lobes, hirfute, roughifh with little prominent points, the lobes unequal, fome- times blunt and fometimes pointed ; thofe of the dalk narrower, and more deeply in- dented, with fewer lobes. FLOWERS fmall, and white, early in the fpring having only four damina. CALYX: a Perianthium of four leaves, of an ovate, oblong fhape, obtufe, hollow, decidu- ous, furnifhed with a few white hairs, fig. i. COROLLA: four white Petals, almod twice the length of the calyx, fpreading, entire and obtufe, fig. 2. STAMINA: for the mod part fix Filaments, of which two are fhorter than the red, of a white colour. Anthers very fmall and yellowifh, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: G ermen oblong, dender, a little fhorter than the damina. Stigma forming a fmall head, fig. 4. SEED-VESSEL: an upright Pod, about an inch in length, fomewhat flattened, of two valves, which burd with an eladic force, and roll back, fig. 5. SEEDS about twelve in number, nearly round and flattened, fmooth, and of a yellowifh-brown colour, fig. 6. We we¥6 inclined to believe with our ingenious friend Mr. Lightfoot, that the Cardamine hirfiata and parvifiora were diftinft fpecies; but repeated obfervation and culture have convinced us, that they are both the fame, varying only in fize, in hairinefs, and in the number of their damina. In wet fituations, where the foil is luxuriant, it grows a foot or two in height, and lofes in a great degree its hairinefs ; in expofed places it feldom reaches more than fix or eight inches, and is generally much more hairy ; and, when it grows fingly, much more branched. The fame plant, early in the fpring, when the weather is cold, has only four flamina ; as the fummer advances, it has conflantly fix. The lobes of the radical leaves vary much in fhape, and are frequently much rounder than the figure reprefents. This fpecies is by no means general about London, but abounds in particular places ; as by Chelfea water- works, in wet ditches about Hampfeadi Highgate, and elfewhere. It flowers in April and May. In the garden, if the fituation in which it is fown be fhady, and the feafon not uncommonly dry, it continues flowering and feeding during the whole of the fummer. According to Mr. Lightfoot, the young leaves are a good ingredient in a falad, and may eafily be obtained in the fpring, when Muftard and Grefs are not to be had. *77 1 fssrf/s/ft/ / ru’ /f/r.t// ///. Geranium pratense. Crowfoot Cranesbill. GERANIUM Lin, Gen. PL Monadelphia Decandria. Monogyna. Stigmat. 5. FruShis roftratus, 5-coccus. RaiiSyn. Gen. 24. Herbje Pentapetala; Vasculifera? GERANIUM pratenfe pedunculis bifloris, follis fubpeltatis multipartitis rugofis acutis, peta’is integris. Lin. Syji. Veget, p. 514. Sp. PI. p. 954. FI. Suec. n. 968, GERANIUM caule eredto, foliis rugofis hirfutis multilobis, lobis trifidis, lobulis femipinnatis, floribus umbellatisw Hailer, Hi/i. n. 931. GERANIUM pratenfe Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 852, GERANIUM batrachoides, Gratia Dei Germanorum, Bauh, Pin. 318 GERANIUM Batrachoides. Ger. emac. 922. GERANIUM Batrachoides flore caeruleo. Park. 704. Raii Syn. ed. 3. p. 360. Crowfoot Cranefbill Hudfon FI. Angl. Ed, 2. p. 302. Lightjoot FI. Scot. p. 368. RADIX perennis, craflitie digiti minimi aut major, hori- zontalis, rugofa, e rubro fufea, intus flavefeens, fibris majufeulis profunde penetrantibus in- ftrufla. CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, ereftus, ramofus, tereti- ufculus, pubefeens, bafi ruberrimus, fuban- gulofus. FOLIA hirfutula, radicalia longiffime petiolata, fuprema fubfeftilia, omnibus multipartitis, venofis, fub- tus pallidioribus, lacinis multifidis, incifis. PETIOLI teretes, pubefeentes. STIPULAE ad bafin foliorum utrinque binae, ovato acu- minata;, primo rubicunda;, dein marcefcentes, ad bafin pedunculorum quinae, lanceolatae, PEDUNCULI gemini, pllofiffimi, vifeofi, primo nu- tantes, demum erecli. FLORES magni, fpeciofi, e purpureo caerulei. CALYX: Perianthium pentaphyllum, perfiftens, fo- liolis ovatis, acutis, concavis, margine mem- branaceis. Jig. 1. COROLLA: Petala quinque, fubintegerrima, venofa, bafi utrinque hirfutula. jig, 2. STAMINA: Filamenta decem fubulata, fuperne purpurafeentia, inferne lata, albida ; Anthers oblongae, caeruleae, incumbentes. Jig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen pentagonum, vifeofum, viride; Stylus filiformis, rubicundus, flaminibus' longior; Stigma quinquefidum, laciniis li- nearibus, reflexis. Jig. 4. ■ SEMEN oblongum, laeve, ex arillo elaftice difliliens.’ Jig.' 6. ROOT perennial, the thicknefs of the little finger, or larger, horizontal, wrinkled, of a reddifh brown colour, yellowifh within, furnlfhed with largifh fibres, which penetrate to a great depth. STALK from one to three feet in height, upright, branched, roundifh, downy, very red, and fome- what angular at the bottom. LEAVES fomewhat hirfute, thofe next the root, Handing on very long footftalks, the uppermoft ones nearly feflile, all of them deeply divided into many fegments, veiny and paler underneath, the fegments jagged. LEAF-STALKS round and downy. STIPULAE at the bafe of the leaves two on each fide, ovate and pointed, at firft reddifh, afterwards withering, thofe at the bafe of the peduncles five in number, and lanceolate. FLOWER-STALKS growing two together, very hairy, clammy, at firft drooping, laftly upright. FLOWERS large, fhowy, of a purplifh blue colour. CALYX: a Perianthium of five leaves and perma- nent, the leaves ovate, pointed, concave, bearded, clammy, ribbed and membranous at the edge. Jig, i. COROLLA : five Petals, nearly entire, veiny, hairy on each fide the bafe. Jig. 2. STAMINA : ten Filaments, tapering, purplifh above, below broad and whitifh ; Anthers oblong, blue and incumbent, jig, 3. PISTILLUM: Germen pentagonal, clammy, of a green colour; Style filiform, reddifh, longer than the ftamina; Stigma divided into five fegments, which are linear and turned back. fig-4* SEED oblong, fmooth, thrown from the feed-covering with confiderable elafticity. fig. 5, 6. This is by far the mofl fhowy of the Cranefbills growing wild with us, and in that refpeft is exceeded by none of the Englifh ones except the Sanguineum, Its leaves are large, and fomewhat like thofe of the Meadow Crow- foots, whence its name. Its beauty has longfince recommended it to the notice of the curious in flowers, in the gardens of which we find it not only as it commonly occurs, but alfo with white, purple, andflriped bloflbms. It loves a moift fituation, as it naturally grows wild in meadows, which it ornaments with its bloflbms in July and Auguft. Near London it is found in tolerable abundance in the meadows about Batterfea, and in the vicinity of the Thames both above and below bridge; in many parts vtTorkjhire, particularly about Settle, it is almoft as com- mon as the Mallow is with us, not only in meadows, but every where under their flone walls. The bloflbms are much reforted to by various fpecies of flies, particularly thofe of the Genus Empis. ///■'/////////// y/Aa/inJe Malva moschata. Musk Mallow. MALVA hin. Gen. FI. Monadelphia Polyandria. Cctl. duplex : exterior triphyllus-. Arilll plurimi, monofpermi. Rail Syn. Gen. 15. Herbae semine nudo polyspermy. MALVA mofchata caule eredo, foliis radicalibus reniformibus incilis; caniinis quinquepartitis pinnato** multifidis-. Lin. Syji. Vegeiah. p. 523. Spec. Pl. p. 971. FI. Suec. n. 629. MALVA follis radicalibus reniformibus, incilis, caulinis quinquepartitis pinnatis, pinnis dentatis-, Haller. HJi. n. 1072. MALVA Mofchata-. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 861. MALVA montana five Alcea rotundifolia laciniata. Coi. Ecphr. 1. p* 148. t. 147. ALCEA folio rotundo laciniato. Bauh. Fin. 316. ALCEA tenuifolia crifpa. I. B. II. App. 1067. Rail Syn, p. 253. Hudfon. FI. Angi. ed, 2* p. 308. high foot Rl. Scot. p. 376. RADIX perennis, albida, fublignofa, difficillime eruta. CAULIS : ex una radice caules nafcuntur plurimi, bipe- dales, fuberedi, ramofi, teretes, fihuloli, hir- futi, pundis purpureis prominulis adfperfi, e quibus pili prodeunt. FOLIA alterna, peticlata, inferiora plerumque fex par- tita, laciniis pinnatifidis, hirfutulis, apice fubacutis, fuperiora brevius petiolata, in pauciores et tenuiores lacinias divifa. STIPULAE utrinque binae, eredse, lanceolate, hirfutae, marginae undulatae. FLORES magni, fpeciofi, carnei. PEDUNCULI unciales, teretes, pllofi. CALYX: Perianthium duplex, inferius triphyllum, foliolis lanceolatis, fuperius quinquefidum, ovato-acutum, faepe laciniatum, pundatum, hirfutum, margine ferrato glandulolum. fig, 1, COROLLA : Petala quinque, fubtriangularia, carnea, venis faturatioribus ramofis notata, apice fub- ■ truncata, erofa, bafi albida, margine utrinque ciliata, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta plurima, in tubum cylindra-; ceum, albidum, pilofum coalita, fuperne li-; bera, reflexa. Anthers primum reniformes, ■ carneae, dein purpureae, demum cserulefcentes. ■ Pollen album, globofum. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germina plurima, in orbem difpofita,: flavefcentia; Styli plurimi, ruberrimi, fili-" formes, ad unum latus pilofi, polline plerum-; que obdudi. Stigmata fimplicia. fig, 5. ; • ROOT perennial, whitiffi, fomewhat woody, and with difficulty pulled up. STALK: from one root arife feveral halks, about two feet high, nearly upright, branched, round, hollow, hirfute, fprinkled with purple pro- minent points, from which the hairs iffiue. LEAVES alternate, handing on foot-halks, the lower ones generally deeply divided into fix fegments, which are pinnatifid and fub-divided into many others, Rightly hirfute, and pointed at the tips, the upper ones handing on ffiorter foot- halks, and divided into fewer and narrower fegments. STIPUL/E two on each fide, upright, lanceolate, hir- fute, waved on the edge. FLOWERS large, ffiowy, and fleffi-coloured. FLOWER-STALKS an inch in length, round and hairy. CALYX: a double PerianThium, thelowermoh com- pofed of three lanceolate leaves, the upper- moh divided into five fegments, ovate and pointed, often jagged, dotted, hirfute, the edge ferrated with fmall glands. fig. i. COROLLA : five Petals, fomewhat triangular, fleffi- coloured, marked with branched veins of a deeper colour, fomewhat truncated with a piece bit out at top, at bottom whitiffi, with the edge fringed on each fide with hairs. fig. 2* STAMINA : Filaments numerous, forming a whitiffi hairy cylindrical tube, loofe at top, and bend- ing back. Anthers at firft kidney-ffiaped and fleffi-coloured, then purple, and lahly blueiffi. Pollen white and globular, fig, 3. PISTILLUM : Germina numerous, circularly difpoied, of a yellowiffi colour. Styles numerous, of a bright red colour, thread-ffiaped, hairy on one fide, and generally covered with pollen. Stigmata fimple. fig, 5. The plant here figured has been, and is ftill, confidered by mod; Engliffi Botanifts as the Vervain Mallow t there is little doubt but it is the plant which Ray confidered as the Alcea vulgaris major of C. Bauhine, in which idea he was moft probably miftaken, as it accords better with the Alcea rotundifolia laciniata of that author* Be this as it may, it certainly is not the Malva Alcea of Linnyus, which Mr. Hudson makes a native of this country; and which, he fays, grows wild in JVarwickJhire, Leicefierfioire, and Nottinghamfhire. At the fame time that Linnyus has very properly made two diftind fpecies of thefe plants, he has been rather unfortunate in the parts he has feleded for their difcrimination. Taking for granted that Mr. Hudson has good authority for what he aflerts (although the counties he fpecifies are not particularly mentioned by Ray) it appears, that the Mofchata is a general, the Alcea a local plant; the former I have found in moft of the counties I have vifited, and Mr. Lightfoot mentions it as growing in Scotland; the latter I have never feen wild, but have occafionally obferved it in fome of the gardens about London ; and laft year, having an opportunity of cultivating it in my own, I was agreeably furprized, to find that it afforded many obvious and latisfadory diftindions, the moft ftriking of which 1 ffiall enumerate, for the gratification of the Engliffi Botanift, The Malva Alcea grew to nearly twice the height of the Mofchata, whence it agrees with Bauhine’s name of major. It was in every refped a ftronger plant, and harffier to the touch; the leaves of the ftalk were much lefs jagged; the flowers in both were pretty fimilar, both in fhape, fize, and colour; but the calyces differed remarkably. In the Mofchata the lowermoft fet of leaves were lanceolate, fbmetimes almoft linear; in the Alcea they were ovate; added to this, the calyx of the Alcea, near its bafe, had a large protuberant annulus or ring, which was entirely wanting in the Mofchata. Thefe charaders of the calyx alone will, it is prefumed, ever be found fufficient to diftinguiih the two plants when in flower; befides thefe, the Mofchata drawn through the hand has the peculiar property of communicating a ftrong fmell of mufk, whence its name. From this relation thofe Botanifts, refident in the counties above mentioned, will be better enabled to whether they have the true Malva Alcea or not. The Mofchata grows very plentifully in the neighbourhood of Coomb Wood, and flowers in fune and Julv. No,particular virtues or ufes are attributed to this fpecies; but its beauty entitles it to a place in the garden. Bees relbrt much to it. ??c9 ■ ? yffv/iwy /n/hJcAaM. 217 ('y /f I» /O r A'yr>/u///7' } y ////// ) Trifolium glomeratum. Round-headedTrefoil. TRIFOLIUM Lin. Gen. Pl. Diadelphia Decanuria. i•. . , t Flores fubcapitati. Legumen vix calyce longius, non dehifcens, deciduum. Rail Syn. Gem 23. Herbae flore papilionaceo seu leguminos^e TRIFOLIUM glomeratum capitulis feflilibus hemifphaericis rigidis, calycibus flriatis patulis aqualibus. Lln. Syji. Veget ab, p. 573. Sp. Flant, p. 1084. TRIFOLIUM arvenfe fupinum verticillatum. Barr. ic. 882; TRIFOLIUM parvum redlum, flore glomerato cum unguiculis. J. B. II. 378. TRIFOLIUM cum glomerulis ad caulium nodos rotundis. Rail Syn. ed. 3. p. 329. Knotted Trefoil, with round heads* Hudfon, FI. Angh ed. 2. p. 327. RADIX annua, fimplex, fibrofa. CAULES plures, palmares, procumbentes, teretes, pur- purafcentes, glabri, ramofi, geniculati, geni- culis tumidiufculis. STIPULAE caulinae membranaceae, acuminatae, ramu- lorum apice faepius recurvis. FOLIA glabra, viridia, macula alba faepius notata, mi- nute ferrata. FLORES glomerati, rubelli, axillares, capitulis feflili- bus, hemifphaericis. CALYX: Perianthium quinquedentatum, perfiftens, laeve, ttriis decem coloratis notatum, dentibus ovato-acuminatis, patulis, jig. 1. COROLLA longitudine calycis; •vexillum furfum cur- vatum ; alrt vexillo duplo breviores, apice pau- lulum fecedentes; carina longitudine fere ala- rum. jig, 2. PERICARPIUM; Legumen membranaceum, difper- mum, intra calycem, fig. 3. SEMINA minima, flavefcentia. Jig, 4. ROOT annual, fimple and fibrous. STALKS feveral from the fame root, four or fix inches in length, procumbent, round, purplifh, fmooth, branched and jointed; the joints a little fwelled. STIPULAE of the ttalk membranous and pointed, thofe of the branches often bent back at top; LEAVES fmooth, green, often marked with a white fpot, the edge finely fawed. FLOWERS cluttered, of a pink colour* growing in the ala? of the leaves, the little heads fettile* and almoft globular. CALYX: a Perianthium having five teeth, perma- nent, fmooth, marked with ten coloured ftreaks, the teeth broad, pointed, and fpread- ing- fig- COROLLA the length of the calyx; Jlandard bent up- wards ; wings about half as long as the ttan- dard, feparating a little at their extremities; keel almoft the length of the wings, jig. 2. SEED-VESSEL: a membranous Pod, containing two feeds within the calyx, jig. 3. SEEDS very minute, and yellowifh. jig. 4. . 0 The bloflbms of this {pedes of Trefoil grow in little round balls or clufters from the alae of the leaves, and hence it has received its name of glomeratum. It may be diftinguilhed from the Jlrlatumy to which it bears fome affinity, by being in every part fmooth, in having its balls much rounder, and the teeth of the calyx fpreading backward ; its bloffoms alfo are of a brighter red colour. Not being a plant which ftrikes the eye much at a diflance, it is probably often overlooked ; with us, how- ever, it is certainly fcarce. Mr. Ray found it about Saxmundham in Suffolk ; Mr. Doody about Blackheath, and near Greenhithe\ Mr. Hudson in the IJle of Shepey, Mr. Rose about Norwich, and Dr. Goodenough on jHanwell Heath. I have found it on Blackheath for feveral years, yet not plentifully ; it is fond of a gravelly fltuation, with fome degree of moiflure ; hence it mull be looked for in the deprefled parts of the heath. The plants growing near it were the Trifolium friatum, ornithopodioides, and Sagina procumbens ; and at no great dis- tance Callkriche autumnalis, Monti a fontana, and Peplis Portula. It flowers in June. Hypericum quadrangulum. Square-stalked St. John’s Wort. HYPERICUM Lin. Gen. Ph Polyadelphia Polyandria. Cal, 5-partltus, Petala 5, Filamenta multa in 5 phalanges ball connata. Capful a. Pall Syn, Gen, 24. Herbie PentapetaLxE Vasculiferje. HYPERICUM quadrangulum floribus trigynis, caule quadrato herbacea. Lin. Syfl, Vegeiab. p. 584* Sp, Pl. p. 1104. FI. Suec. n. 670. HYPERICUM caule quadrangulari, foliis ovatis perforatis pundatls. Haller. Hlji. n. 1038 HYPERICUM quadrangulum. Scopoli FI. Carn, n. 943. HYPERICUM vulgare minus caule quadrangulo foliis non perforatis. Eauh. pin. 272* HYPERICUM Afcyron diftum caule quadrangulo. Bauh* Hijl. 3. p. 382. ASCYRON Dod. pempt. 78. Ger. emac. 542. vulgare Parkinfon 575* Rail Syn. p. 344. St. Peter’s Wort. Hudjon. FL Angi. ed. 2. p. 334. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 416. RADIX perennis, fubrepens, fibrofa. CAULIS pedalis ad fcfquipedalem, ere&us, ramofus, | glaber, rubefcens, quadratus, quatuor membra- 3 nulls, feu alls in fecundum longitudinem pro- dudtisi FOLIA oppofita, fefiilia, ovata, obtufa, laevia, faturate ]| viridia, fubtus pallidiora, feptemnervia, per s totam fuperficiem punftis minutis diaphanis adlperfa, margine glandulis nigris fubtus prae- < fertim puiidata. ■ RAMI cauli fimiles, decufiTatim oppofiti. : FLORES lutei, parvi, in fummitatibus ramulorum ; denfe paniculati. RAMULI paniculae fanguinei. PEDUNCULI breviffimi. CALYX: Perianthium quinquepartitum, laciniis lanceblatis, patentibus, nervofis, integerrimis, nudis, fig. i. COROLLA: Petala quinque, lutea, lineata, glan- dulis paucis nigris ad oras ptindfata. fig. 2. STAMINA : Filamenta plurima, in -fafciculos vix divifa ; Antherte fubrotundae, flavae, glan- dula nigra notatae, fig. 3. PISTILLUM: GeRxMen obovatum ; Styli tres, pa- tentes, fubulati; Stigmata minima, capi- tata. fig. 4, PERICARPIUM : Capsula fufea, trilocularis, trival- vis- fig- 5-, SEMINA plurima, minima, oblonga, nitidiufcula. fig. 6. ROOT perennial, fomewhat creeping and fibrous. STALK from a foot to a foot and a half in height, up* right, branched, fmooth, reddifh, fquare from having four little membranes or wings which run down the ftalk. LEAVES oppofite, fefiile, ovate, obtufe, fmooth, of a deep green colour, paler underneath, ftrongly marked with feven ribs, the whole furface covered with fmall tranfparent dots, and the edge, efpecially on the under fide* dotted with black glands. BRANCHES like the ftalk, alternately oppofite. , FLOWERS of a yellow colour, fmall, growing on the tops of the branches in clofe panicles. ' BRANCHES of the panicle of a deep red or blood colour. I FLOWER-STALKS very fliort. ■ CALYX : a Peri ant hi u m deeply divided into five feg- . ments, which are lanceolate, fpreading, rib’d, : entire, and free from glands, fig. I. ; COROLLA; five yellow Petals, finely grooved, dotted ? on the edge with a few fmall black glands. Jig 2. 'STAMINA: Filaments numerous, fcarcely divided > into bodies or bundles ; Antllera: roundilh, yellow, marked with a black gland, fig. 3. \ PISTILLUM: Germen inverfely ovate; Styles three, fpreading, tapering ; Stigmata very fmall, I forming little heads, fig. 4. a brown Capsule of three cavities and three valves, fig. 5. \ SEEDS numerous, very fmall, oblong, and fomewhat I Ihining. fig. 6. The Saint-John's-JVoris (at leaft of this country) are a genus of plants .which, having ftrong chara&eriftlc marks, and being fubjeft to little variation, give the Botanift no great trouble in their inveftigation ; it is fufficient to fay of this fpecies for inftance, that it has a fquare ftalk, and it is at once diftinguifhed from all the others* Caspar Bauhine commits no fmall error when he deferibes the leaves of the quadrangulum as Imperforate, the leaft attention will fhew the tranfparent dots on the leaves to be fully as numerous, if not fo large as thofe of the perforatum; the antient Botanifts alfo abfurdly enough diftinguifhed this fpecies from the others by the name of Aficyron, or Sainf-PetePs-Wort, but as it has no pretenfions to any generic diftinclion, we have dropped that name, as tending much to eonfufe : and while we are cenfuring the faults of others, we fhall mention an error of our own 5 in deferibing the Hypericum perforatum we pointed out a little black gland vifible betwixt the lobes of the anthers, as chara&eriftic of that fpecies, we now find the fame on the quadrangulum alfo. This fpecies grows very plentifully by the fides of rivulets, alfo in wet meadows* By the fides of the ditches in BatterJea Meadows it is particularly common, and flowers in July. It is feldom ufed in medicine, the perforatum fupplying its place* (2 #VY7/t>A/ Sonchus Arvensis. Corn Sow-Thistle, SONCHUS Lin. Gen, PL Syngenesia Polygamia Recept. nudum. Cal. imbricatus, ventricofus. Pappus pilofus. Raii Syn Gen. 5, Herbie flore composito natura pleno lactescentes. SONCHUS arvenjis pedunculis calycibufque hifpidis fubumbellatis, foliis runcinatis bafi cordatis. Lin. Syji. Vegetab. p. 594. Spec. Pl. 1116. FI. Suce. n. 687. SONCHUS foliis amplexicaulibus femipinnatis ferratis, calycibus hifpidis. Haller. Hiji. 23. HIERACIUM arvenfe. Scopoli FI. Carniol. n. 974. HIERACIUM majus folio fonchi. Bauhin. Pin. 126. SONCHUS repens multis Hieracium majus. Bauh. Hijl. 2. 170 SONCHUS arborefeens. Ger. emac. 294. Raii Syn. p. 163. Tree Sow-thiftle. Hudfon. FI. Angi, ed. 2. p. 337. Lightfoot FI. Scot. 427. RADIX perennis, longe, lateque repens dif- ficulter eruta. ROOT perennial, milky, creeping far and wide, with difficulty eradicated. STALK from two to three feet high, or more, up- right, hollow, milky, fomewhat angular, fmooth, often purple below, above branched. T CAULIS bi feu tripedalis et ultra, ereftus, fiftulofus, f la&efcens, fubangulatus, laevis, inferne faepe | purpureus, fuperne ramofus. v V FOLIA alterna, runcinata, baji cordata, amplexicau- | lia, laevia, nitidula, fubtus pallidiora, fpinis | mollicellis circa margines donata. & *V ** FLORES fubumbellati, magni, lutei. } 1 V PEDUNCULI longi* teretes, pilis longis luteis, glo- } buligeris veftiti. . < * '1 CALYX communis priufquam flofculi expanduntur < cylindricus, apice truncatus, poftea ventricofo- ; conicus, fquamis plurimis, ere£lis, inaequa- \ libus, carinatis, fordide viridibus, hirfutijfi- < mis, pilis ficut in pedunculis. \ \ i COROLLA compofita, imbricata, Cor ollulis herma- phroditis, numerofis, aequalibus. ; i Propria monopetala, tubus albus, tenuis, fuperne pi- < lofus, limbus luteus, longitudine fere tubi ; marginibus faepe fubinvolutis, quinqueden- tatus, fig. 1. in tubum flavum, fubangulatum, coa- litae. STIGMATA duo, filiformia, reflexa* SEMEN ovato-oblongum, badium, fulcatum, angulis ad lentem tranfverfim rugofis, pappolum, pappo firnplici, feffili, fig. 2. LEAVES alternate, like thofe of Dandelion, heart- Jhaped at the hafe, embracing the ftalk, fmooth, (hining, paler on the under fide, the edges furnifhed with foftirh prickles. FLOWERS growing in a kind of umbel, large and yellow. FLOWER-STALKS long, round, covered with long yellow hairs, bearing globules at their ex- tremity, CALYX common to all the florets, before their ex- panfion, cylindrical and cut off at the extre- mity, afterwards bellying at the bafe and conical, the fcales numerous, upright, un- equal, keeled, of a dirty green colour, and extremely hairy, the hairs flmilar to thofe on the footftalks. i COROLLA compound and imbricated, the Florets hermaphrodite, numerous and equal. Each Floret monopetalous, the tube white, (lender, hairy above, the flat part yellow, almoilthe length of the tube, the edges frequently rolled inward, furniflied with five teeth, fig. i. ANTHERyE united into a yellow, and fomewhat an- gular tube. STIGMATA two, thread-fhaped, rcflexed. SEED of an oblong egg-fhape, bay colour, and grooved, the angles tranfverfely wrinkled when magnified, dowmy, the down fimple, and feffile, fig. 2. This fpecies of Sonchus is properly termed arvenfis, being commonly found in corn-fields, in which its large yellow bloffoms, towering above the corn, render it a very confpicuous plant; thefe alone are lufficient to diftinguiffi it from the common Sow-thiflle, it has befides two other very diflinft characters; the one a creeping root, whereby it becomes very noxious to the hufbandman ; the other, numerous yellow hairs, with little globules at their extremities, thickly fpread over the calyces and flower-ftalks. It bloffoms in July and Auguf ; many of its feeds prove abortive. 2/J) f ZZ/rrar/// w Z///w//rr. Hieracium Pilosella. Mouse- Ear. HIERACIUM Lin. Gen. PI. Syngenesia Polygamia. aqualis. Recept. nudum. Cal. imbricatus, ovatus. Pappus fimplex, feflilis. Rail Syn. Gen. 6. Herbie flore composito natura pleno lactescentes. HIERACIUM Pilofella foliis ovatis integerrimis tomentofis, dolonibus repentibus, fcapo unifloro. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 597. Sp. Pl. p. 1125. FI. Suec. n. 697. HIERACIUM caule unifloro, ftolonibus reptantibus, foliis petiolatis, ovatis, longe pilofis, fubtus tomentofis. Haller. Hijt. n. 53. HIERACIUM Pilofella. Scopoli FI. Carniol. n. 966. PlLOSELLA major repens hirfuta. Bauli. Pin. 262. PlLOSELLA minor vulgaris repens. Parkinfon 690. PILOSELLx'V repens. Ger.emac.63B. Raii Sym. p. 170. Common creeping Moufe-Ear, Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 343. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 436. RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris, pallide fufcis. FOLIA petiolata, ovata, faepe oblonga, integerrima, fuperne virentia, fcabriufcula, inferne alba, tomentofa, utrinque pilis longis obfita, e centro foliorum ad bafin caulis, oriuntur ftolones teretes, repentes, hirfuti, foliofi, foliis utplurimum lanceolatis. SCAPUS : ex una planta feu rofula exfurgit fcapus plerumque folitarius, palmaris, fpithamaeus et ultra, ere6lus teres, nudus, fiftulofus, in- ferne pilofus, fuperne hirfutus, uniflorus. FLORES pallide lutei, feu fulphurei, extimis flof- culis inferne purpurafcentibus. CALYX communis imbricatus, fquamis pluribus, li- nearibus, valde inequalibus. Jig. 1, 2, hirfu- tis, pilis nigricantibus, ad lentem globiferis. COROLLA compofita, imbricata, uniformis; Carol- Iulis hermaphroditis, numerofis, aequalibus ; propria monopetala. Tubus pappo longior, albus, lanatus. Limbus planus, quinque- dentatus, longitudine tubi, fg. 3, 4. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque capillaria, brevif- fima. Anthers in tubum cylindricum, fla- vum coalitae, jig. 5. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen oblongum. Stylus fili- formis, longitudine flaminum. Stigmata duo, revoluta, Jig. 6. SEMEN oblongum, nigricans, ftriatum. Pappus fe- mine duplo longior, feffilis, fimplex, Jig. 7,8. ROOT perennial, fibrous, the fibres of a pale brown colour. LEAVES (landing on foot-ftalks, ovate, often ob- long, perfeftly entire, on the upper fide green and roughilh, on the under fide white and downy, on both fides befet with long hairs, from the centre of the leaves, at the bafe of the ftalk, fpring one or more round, creeping, hirfute, leafy runners, with leaves for the mold part lanceolate. STALK : from a fingle plant or offset arifes gene- rally one folitary ftalk, from four to (even inches or more in height, upright, round, naked, hollow, below hairy, above hirfute, fupporting a fingle bloftbm. FLOWERS of a pale yellow, or fulphur colour, the outermoft florets purplifh on the under fide. CALYX : the common Calyx imbricated, the fcales numerous, linear, very unequal, Jig. i, 2. hirfute, the hairs blackifh, and when mag- nified globular at the extremity. COROLLA compound, imbricated and uniform, the Fiords hermaphrodite, numerous, equal, and monopetalous. The Tube longer than the pappus, white and woolly. The Livib flat, having five teeth, the length of the tube, fig. 3, 4. STAMINA: five capillary Filaments, very fhort. Anthers united in a cylindrical, yellow tube, fig. 5. PISTILLUM: Germen oblong. Style filiform, the length of the ftamina. Stigmata two, rolled back, Jig, 6. SEED oblong, blackifh, ftriated. Down twice the length of the feed, feftile, and fimple, fig, 7, 8. The ancient Botanifts fancied fome fimilitude betwixt the hairy leaves of this plant and a moufe’s ear, whence its name. Of the whole genus of Hawk-weed this is the moft univerfally common in this country. It delights in dry and expofed fituations, which are frequently rendered barren by long continued drought; the funny bank, the lifelefs wall, and arid heath, are often enamelled with its lively flowers, which appear in May and June, and frequently produce a fecond crop late in the fummer. It has been received into the (hops under the name of Auricula muris, and confidered as poflefling an aflringent quality; but at prefent, in this refpeft, is but little regarded. Simon Pauli difcovered on its roots fmall tubercles, which he confidered as the eggs of an unknown infeft; thefe have fince proved to be a Coccus (Coccus Pilofella, Lin.) nearly related to the Coccus polonicus, an infefl ufed in dying. We have not heard of its having been obferved here. 23 8 Arctium Lappa. Burdock. ARCTIUM Lin, Gen* PI. Syngenesia Polygamia Cal. globofus; fquamis apice hamis inflexis. Rail Syn. Gen.g. Herba: flore ex floribus fistularibus composito sive capitata* ARCTIUM Lappa follis cordatis inermibus petiolatis. Lin. Syf, Vegetal, p. 603. Sp. PI. 1143. FI. Suec. 11. 712, LAPPA Haller Hjft. n. 161. LAPPA major feu Ar&ium Diofcoridis; Bauh. Pin; 198* PERSONATA five Lappa major aut Bardana. J. B, 111. 570* BARDANA major. Ger. ernac. 809. BARDANA vulgaris major. Park. 1222. Rail Syn. 197. Great Burdock, Clot-burr. Hudfori. FL Angl. cd. 2. p. 348. Lighljoot FI. Scot. p. 197. Oeder FI. Dan. t. 642. RADIX biennis, fimplex, profunde in terram defeendens, foris nigricans, intus alba. CAULIS ereftus, tripedalis et ultra, craflitudiile pollicis, ad bafin ufque ramofiflimus, teres, Ariato-ful- catus, villolus, purpurafeens. FOLIA amplifiima, petiolata, alterna, cordata, fubtus! albida, venofa, margine fubundulata, crenulata. PETIOLI foliis breviores, fulcato-angulati, villofi. FLORES purpurei, pedunculati, ere£li, ramulis alterne • difpofiti, fuperne in capitula laxa colle&i. CALYX communis globofus, imbricatus, glaber, fills' araneolis intertextus, fquamis exterioribus, apice hamatis, hamis nitidis, acutifiimis, fubin- fiexis, fig. 1, 2. interioribus linearibus, apice! vivide purpureis, fimplicibus, fine hamis. COROLLA compofita, calyce longior, tubulata, propria \ infundibuliformis, tubo filiformi, albo, limbo ■ tubulolb-campanulato, purpureo, quinque-fido, ; acuto, eredlo. ; STAMINA: Fi lamenta quinque alba, capillaria ; : Anthfr® cserulefcentes, aut violaceae, in tu- ! bum extra corollam coalitae. PISTILLUM: Germen fubtriquetrum, album, incur-' vatum ; Stylus albus, flaminibus longior,! utrinque fulcatum ; Stigma bifidum. SEMINA oblonga, bafi attenuata, pun&is prominentibus coronata, comprefia, fubangulata, reticulato- rugofa, exterioribus incurvatis. Pappus ob- foletus, rigid ulus. fg. 3. ROOT biennial, Ample, penetrating deeply into the earth, externally blackilh, internally white. STALK upright, three feet high and more, the thick- nels of one’s thumb, branched quite down to the bottom, round, grooved, but not deeply, hoary and purplifh. LEAVES very large, handing on footflalks, alternate, heart-lhaped, whitilh underneath, veiny, the edge fomewhat waved and notched. LEAF-STALKS (horter than the leaves, angular or grooved, and hoary. FLOWERS purple* handing on foothalks, upright, difpofed alternately on the branches, and at the tops of them collcdted into loofe heads. CALYX common to all the florets globular, imbricated, furface flaming, cobwebby, the exterior feales hooked at the extremity, hooks (Lining, very (harp, and fomewhat bent in, fig. i, 2. inner feales linear, tops of a bright purple colour, Ample, without hooks. COROLLA compound, longer than the calyx, tubular. Florets funnel-lhaped, tube filiform, white, limb tubular, and fomewhat bell-lhaped, of a purple colour, divided into five upright, pointed fegments. STAMINA: five white capillary Filaments; An- ther.® blueilh, or violet coloured, united into a tube, which projeds beyond the corolla. PISTILLUM : Germen fomewhat three-cornered, white, bending inward ; Style white, lon- ger than the flamina, grooved on each fide; Stigma bifid. SEEDS oblong, tapering towards the bafe, crowned with fmall prominent points, flattened, fome- what angular, furface wrinkly, in the form of net-work, outermofl feeds bending inward. Down obfolete, fomewhat rigid, fig. 3. The antlent botanifls divided the Burdock, which they dlftinguilhed by the feveral names of Lappa * Perfonata, and Arctium or Arcium into two principal fpecies, viz. the Lappa major Arcium Diofc. C. B. ; and the Lappa major montana capitulis iomontofis Jive Arctium Diofc, C. B, ; both of which are admirably figured by Matthiolus on wood, as indeed are moft of the medicinal plants; later botanifls have made the fpecies much more numerous; in the third edition of Ray’s Synopfs we find no lefsthan lix fpecies and one variety, viz. 1. Lappa major capitulo glabro maximo. 2. Lappa major Arcium Diofc oriolis. 3. Lappa major capitulis parvis glabris, 4. Lappa major montana capitulis tomentofs; Jive Arctium Diojcoridis, * Lappa did potdl vel octto tS KaSav prehendere vel dito rS Xavfjuv, i. e. lambere, quod praetereuntium veftibus adhxreat. Perfonata autem dicitur, quod folia ejus praegrandia veluti larvae aut peribnte vice obtendi folita edent. Veteribus ArCiion aut Anion di£ta cieditur, verum rati© nominis ignoratur. Rail Hiji. p. 332. Lappa major montana, capitulis minoribus, rotundioribus £? magis tomentofis, 6. Lappa major ex omni parte minor, capitulis parvis eleganter reticulatis. Lappa vulgaris major capitulis foliojis, Var, All tliefe are however conlidered by the botanifts of the prefent day as one fpecies, to which may be added a variety with white flowers, which often occurs. The Burdock is a very common plant by way fldes, and in wafte places, and flowers in July and Auguft. In the fize of its leaves it may fometimes difpute the palm with the Butterburr; painters often introduce them in the foregrounds of their pictures, which they are admirably well calculated to embellifh. No fort of cattle relifti the foliage of this plant, but fnails, flugs, and many fpecies of caterpillars feed on it delicioufly; the pith produces its particular moth, which does not appear to be defcribed by but is moll accurately figured by Sepp*, and called by Aurelians the Mottled Orange, the caterpillar of this moth changes into chryfalis about the beginning of Auguft, during which month it may be found in that flate by fplitting the (talks of fuch plants as appear (tinted in their growth ; the moth comes out about the end of Auguft, and is one of thofe whole bodies are extremely apt to become greafy, to prevent which the body (hould be care- fully opened on the under fide, and its contents taken out previous to its being placed in the cabinet. A fmall larva, not peculiar to this plant, feeds alfo betwixt the coats of the leaf. The feeds, like thofe of the thiftle tribe, are fought for by feveral of the feathered fongfters, and are even re- commended to fatten poultry The microfcope informs us, vide jig. i, 2, why the burrs adhere fo clofely to one’s cloaths, and why boys, who divert themfelves by throwing them at one another, have fo much difficulty in extricating them from their hair. As a weed it is not fo formidable as it appears to be, being a biennial the hulbandman has only to deftroy its feedlings. The root and ftalks are efculent and nutritive; the ftalks for this purpofe fhould be cut before the plant flowers, the rind peeled off, and then boiled and ferved up in the manner of Chardoons, or eaten raw, as a fallad, with oil and vinegar. Lightfoot FI. Scot, p. 446. The feeds have a bitteriffi, fubacrid tafte, they are recommended as very efficacious diuretics, given either in the form of emulfion or in powder to the quantity of a drachm. The roots tafte fweetiffi, with a flight aufterity and bitteriffinefs; they are efteemed aperient, diureric and fudorific, and faid to aft without irritation, fo as to be fafely ventured on in acute diforders. Decoftions of them have of late been ufed in rheumatic, gouty, and other diforders, and preferred by fome to thofe of Sarfaparilla, Lewis’s Difp. p. 101. * Ncderlandfche Infefien. t, 3, •J- Stirp. indig. Aragon, p. 113, C icHORiuM Intybus. Blue Succory. CICHORIUM Lin. Geiu Pl. Syngenesta Polygamia jequalis. Recepi, fubpaleaceum. Cal. calyculatus. Pappus fub-5-dentatus, obfoletc pilofus. Raii Syn. Gen. 6. Herr;e flore composito natura pleno lactescentes. CICHORIUM Intybus floribus geminis Milibus, foliis runcinatis, Lin. Syji, Vegetab. p. 602, Sp. PL p. 1142. FI. Suec. n. 711. CICHORIUM foliis pinnatis, pinnis triangularibus dentatis, floribus feffilibus. Haller Hijl, 1, CICHORIUM Intybus. Scopoli FI. Carn, n. 991. CICHORIUM fylveftre five officinarum. Bauhin Pin. 126. INTYBUS fylveftris. Camer, epit. 285. CICHORIUM fylveftre. Ger. ernac. 284. Parkinf. 776. Raii Syn. p. 172* Wild Succory. Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 348. RADIX perennis, externe lutefcens, fufiformi-cylindri ca, etiam ramofa, craffitie digiti, fpithamaet ftepe pedalis, defcendens, fibrillofa, fibrilli fparlis, ladlefcens, lade albo. ■ l CAULIS pedalis, ad tripedalem, ereftus, rigidus, tor tuofus, fcabridus, plerumque ramofiflimus. FOLIA radicalia plurima, taraxaci, fubafpera, caulin laeviora, fubamplexicaulia, alterna. FLORES plerumque bini, fpeciofi, feffiles, e foliorun fupremorum alis. CALYX communis calyculatus, fquamis exterioribu quinque, ovatis, acutis, fubpatentibus, pili glanduliferis ciliatis; interioribus o£lo circiter lineari-lanceolatis, aequalibus, cylindrum am gulofum, vifcofum, conftituentibus. fg* i 2> 3* 4* COROLLA compofita, plana, uniformis, Corolluli; hermaphroditis, viginti circiter, caeruleis, Fw bus cylindricus, brevis, albus, apice dilatatu: et pilolus; Limbus planus, quinque-dentatus. fubtus nervofus et villofus. fg. 5. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque alba, capillaria, man ife Ile libera ; Anthers faturate caeruleae, in tubum cylindricum, angulatum coalitae. fg* PISTILLUM: Germen fubconicum, album, pilis bre- viffimis coronatum; Stylus filiformis, albus; Stigmata duo, caerulea, revoluta, jig. 7. 5EMINA plurima, in fundo calycis, nuda, fubpenta- gona, margine pilis breviffimis ciliata, fig. 8. aucl. ; ROOT perennial, externally of a yellowiffi colour, ta- pering very gradually to a point, alfo branched, the thicknefs of the finger, a fpan, and often a foot in length, ftriking downward, furniffied with few fmall fibres, milky, the milk of a white colour. STALK from one to three feet in height, upright, ri- gid, crooked, roughiffi to the touch, and ge- nerally very much branched. LEAVES at the root numerous, like thofe of Dande- lion, roughiffi, thofe of the ftalk fmoother, alternate, partly furrounding the Item. FLOWERS growing generally in pairs, ffiowy, feffile, fpringing from the alae of the uppermoft leaves. CALYX common to many florets, compofed of a double fet of fquamae or leaves, the outermoft of which are five in number, ovate, pointed, fomewhat fpreading, edged with glandular hairs, the innermoft about eight, narrow, equal, form- ing an angular, clammy cylinder. Jig. 1, 2, 3» 4- COROLLA compound, flat, regular, Florets herma- phrodite, about twenty in number, of a blue colour; Lube cylindrical, ffiort, white, di- lated at top and hairy; Limb flat, with five teeth at the extremity, on the under fide rib’d and villous, fg. 5. STAMINA : five Filaments, of a white colour, very flender, manifeftly unconnefted; Antherje of a deep blue colour, forming an angular, cy- lindrical tube. Jig, 6. PISTILLUM : Germen fomewhat conic, crowned with very ffiort hairs; Style thread-ffiaped, white; Stigmata two, of a blue colour, and rolled back. SEEDS numerous in the bottom of the calyx, naked, irregularly five cornered, the edge crowned with very ffiort hairs. Jig. 8. magnified. That beautiful plants are often noxious weeds, agriculturally confidered, we have already noticed in the Biftort, the field Convolvulus, the corn Poppy, and the perennial Perficaria; the blue Succory adds another to the catalogue, Baitcrfca Fields, which exhibit bad hufbandry in perfedion, produce this plant moft plentifully; it flowers in July, Buguf and September; like the docks it increafes itfelf much by feed, and is to be extirpated in the fame manner. Some botanlfts have erroneoufly fuppofed this fpecies of Succory to be the Endive in its wild ftate, but its ftrong perennial root fufficiently evinces the contrary. The Cichorium Endivia, which is an annual or biennial, and grows wild in the Corn-fields of Spain, together with the Intybusis undoubtedly the parent of the culti- vated Endive, it is not fo clear which of the two is the plant celebrated by Horace as conftituting a part of his fimple diet, me pafeunt Oliva Me Cichorea, leve (que Malva. It is not unfrequently found wild with white flowers, and it has been difcovered that the fine blue colour of the petals is convertible into a brilliant red by the acid of Ants 4; Mr. Miller the Engraver afiured me, that in Germany the boys often amufed themfelves in producing this change of colour by placing the bloflbms in an ant hill. Wild Succory is an ufeful detergent, aperient, and attenuating medicine; acting without much irritation, tending rather to cool than heat the body, and at the fame time corroborating the tone of the inteftines. The juice taken in large quantities fo as to keep up a diarrhea, and continued for fome weeks, has been found to pro- duce excellent effects in fcorbutic and other chronical diforders. Lewis's Difp. p. 125. * D'Jjft Stirp, Arragont p, 113, f Trag. ad Brunfeh, 11, p, 374* Bidens tripartita. Trifid Hemp-Agrimony. BIDENS Lin. Gen. Pl. Syngenesia Polygamia Aqualis. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus aridis eredis fcabris. CaL imbricatus. Cor. rarius flofculo uno alterne radiante indruitur. Rali Syn. Geru 8. Herbje flore composito discoide seminibus pappo destitutis CORYMBIFERAE DICTAE. BIDENS tripartita foliis trifidis, calycibus fubfoliofis feminibus eredis. Lia. Syjl. Vegetab. p. 610. Sp. Pl. 1165. FI. Suec. 283* Lappon. p. 234. BIDENS foliis petiolatis trilobatis et quinque lobatis ferratis floribus circumvallatis* Haller Hjft. n. 121. BIDENS tripartita. Scop. FI. Carn. n. 1090. VERBESINA feu Cannabina aquatica flore minus pulchro, elatior et magis frequens. J. B. II. 1073. CANNABINA aquatica folio tripartito divifo. Bauh, pin. 321. EUPATORIUM cannabinum foemina, Ger. emac. yn. EUPATORIUM aquaticum duorum generum. Parkinf. p. 595. Rail Syn* p* 1B7. Water Hemp- Agrimony, with a divided Leaf. Hudfon. FI. Angl. cd. 2. p. 355. Lightjoot FI. Scot. p. 461. RADIX annua, (implex, fibrofa, fibris albidis, CAULIS pedalis ad tripedalem, eredus, ramofus (ramis oppofitis), teretiufculus, modice fulcatus, ru- bens, folidus, glaber, fcabriufculus. FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, connata, glabra, tripartita, aut etiam quinque partita, laciniis profunde ferratis, fuprema indivifa, dentato-ferrata, aut etiam integra, pilis haud infrequenter ciliata. FLORES lutei, terminales, fubnutantes. CALYX : Foliola plura, plerumque integra, lanceo- Jata, ciliata, flores involucri indar ambientia ; fquame calycis communis ovato lanceolate, integras, lineis plurimis, nigricantibus, paral- lelis, pide, marginibus flavefcentibus. fig. 1. COROLLULfE hermaphrodite, tubulofe, infundibuli- formes, lutee, driis quinque purpureis externe notate ; limbo quinquefido, fuberedo. fig. 2. STAMINA ; Filamenta quinque capillaria ; An- thers in tubum cylindricum coalite, fig. 3. PISTILLUM ; Germen (ubcompreflum, angulatum, fuperne latius, aridis tribus plerumque indruc- tum, unica breviore ; fig, 3. Stylus fimplex, longitudine daminum ; Stigmata duo ob- longa, reflexa, fig. 4, 5. SEMEN oblongum, compreflum, angulatum, fufcum, aridis duabus feu tribus retrorfum fcabro ha- matis indrudum. fig. 6. RECEPTACULUM paleaceum, planum, paleis lan- ceolato-linearibus, lineatis, deciduis, fig. 7. ROOT annual, fimple and fibrous, fibres whitifli. STALK from one to three feet high, upright, branched, (the branches oppofite), roundifh, moderately grooved, of a reddifh colour, folid, fmooth to appearance, but (lightly rough to the touch. LEAVES oppofite, (landing on footflalks, which unite at the bafe, fmooth, divided into three, and fometimes five fegments, which are deeply ferrated, the uppermod leaves undivided, either indented at the edge, or entire, and not un- frequently edged with hairs. FLOWERS yellow, terminal, drooping a little. CALYX: feveral, fmall, lanceolate leaves, generally entire, but edged with hairs furrounding the flowers like an involucrum; the fcales of the calyx common to all the florets are ovate and pointed, entire at the edge, and painted with numerous blackifh lines, the edges are yel- lowifli. fig. i. FLORETS hermaphrodite, tubular, funnel-fhaped, of a yellow colour, marked externally with three purplhh (tripes, the limb divided into five feg- ments, which are nearly upright, fig. 2. STAMINA: five capillary Filaments; Antherje united into a cylindrical tube. fig. 3. PISTILLUM : Germen flattifh, angular, broadeft at top, generally furniflied with three awns, of which one is (horter than the reft; fig. 3. Style fimple, the 'length of the (tamina ; Stigmata two, oblong, turning back .fig. 4,5. SEED oblong, flat, angular, brown, furnifhed with two or three awns, which are hooked or barbed downward, fig. 6. RECEPTACLE chaffy and flat, fcales or chaff, narrow, marked with lines and deciduous, fig. 7. This fpecies of Bidens is much more common than the cernua, as that is generally found in the water, this more frequently occurs on the borders of ponds, rivulets, &c. where it flowers in the months of Augud and September, at the clofe of which it ripens its feeds. It is obvioufly didinguifhed from the cerma by having its leaves, for the mod part, divided into three feg- ments, whence its name; this charader is more to be depended on than the uprightnefs of its flowers, as they generally droop a little when the plant is in perfedion. Linnaeus, and other writers, recommend it as a plant that will dye both linen and woollen of a yellow colour, for this purpofe the yarn or flax mud be fird deeped in allum-water, then dried and deeped in a decodion of the plant, and afterwards boiled in the decodion. Haller. FIJI. Helv. p, 52. 237 i t/yJw/rfa/ay. /f/, >//>///’ ■ /rur/trfa/ia. (y Iasione montana. Hairy Sheep’s-Scabious. JASIONE Lin, Gen; PL Syngenesia Monogamia; Cal. communis 10-phyllus. Cor. 5-petala, regularis. Caff, infera, bilocuhris*. JASIONE montana. Lin. Syf. Vegetah. p. 666. Spec. PI. p. 1317. PL Suec. n. 782. RAPUNCULUS foliis linearibus fubafperis, fpica planiufcula, petalis liberis. Plalkr Hiji. n. 678; RAPUNCULUS fcabldfae capitiilo caeruleo. Bauhin Pin. 92, RAPUNTIUM montanum capitatum leptophyllon. Col. Ecphr. 1. p. 226. t. 227; SCABIOSA globularis quam ovinam vocant J. B, III. 12. SCABIOSA minima hirfuta. Ger. emac. 723. Raii Syn. p. 27S. Hairy Sheep’s Scabious, dr rather Rampions with Scabious Heads. Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 377. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 277, RADIX annua, lignofa, albida, fibrofa. CAULES plures* luberedi, fpithamaei, etiam pedales et ultra, rigiduli, ramoti, hirfuti. FOLIA plurima, feflilia, lineari-lanceolata, obtufiuf- cula, undulata, hirfuta. FLOR.ES capitati, caerulei, fummitatibus ramorum in- fide ntes. CALYX ; Perlanthhim commune polyphyllum : foliolis alternis, interioribus anguflioribus, includens flores plurimos pedunculis breviflimis adnexos, perfiftens. fig. 1. Perianthium proprium quinquefidum, fuperum, perfidens. COROLLA propria pentapetala : Petalis lanceolatis, credis, ball connexis, fig. 2. STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, fubulata, brevia. Anthers quinque, oblongae, bafi connexae. fis- 3- PISTILLUM : Germen fubrotundum, inferum. Sty- lus filiformis, longitudine Corollas. Stigma clavatum, purpureum, fig. 4, 5. PERICARPIUM : Capsula fubrotunda, quinquangu- laris* coronata calyce proprio, bilocularis. SEMINA plura* fubovata* ROOT annual, rigid, whitifli and fibrous. STALKS feveral, nearly upright, about a fpan in length* but fometimes a foot or more, rather rigid* branched, and bebet with fhort rough hairs. LEAVES numerous, fefiile, between linear and lanceo- late, bluntifh, waved and hirfute; FLOWERS of a blue colour, growing in little heads on the tops of the branches. CALYX : the Perlanthhim common to all thefiorets com- pofed of many leaves, which are alternate, thofe of the inner-row narrowed:, including numerous flowers fitting on very fliort foot- fialks, and permanent, fig. i. The Perlanthmm of each fiord deeply divided into five fegments above the germen, and permanent. COROLLA: each floret com pofed of five lanceolate, upright Petals, conneded at the bafe. fig. 2. STAMINA: five tapering fliort Filaments ; Anther/e five, oblong, connected at the bafe. fig. 3. PISTILLUM: Germen roundifli, below the Corolla, Style filiform, the length of the Corolla. Stigma club-fibaped and purplifli. fig. 4, 5. SEED-VESSEL; a roundifli Capsule, having five angles with two cavities, and crowned by the calyx proper to it. SEEDS numerous, fomewhat ovate. Th is little plant, which in its general appearance fo much refembles a Scabious, is very common on dry, fandy ground, efpecially about Coomb Wood, and Hampfiead, and mod hilly fituations near London, and elfewhere. It varies much in fize, and is fometimes, though very rarely, found with white bloflbms. It flowers from June to Aiigufi. LinnjeuS remarks, that Bees are particularly fond of its flowers. Ophrys Spiralis. Ladies Traces. OPHRYS Lin. Gen. P/. Gynandria Diandria. NeUarium fubtus fubcarinatum. Raii Syn. Gen, 21. Herbie radice bulbosa pr^dit^, OPHRYS fpiralis bulbis aggregatis oblongis, caule fubfoliofo, floribus fecundis, neftarii labio indivifo crenato. Lin. Syjt. Veget ab. p. 677. Sp. Pl. 1340. EPIPACTIS bulbis cylindricis, fpica fpirali, labello crenulato. Haller Hiji, n. 1294. SERAPIAS fpiralis. Scopoli Flor. Carn. n. 1125. ORCHIS fpiralis alba odorata. I. B. II. 769. TRIORCHIS alba odorata minor, atque etiam major. Bauhin Pin. 84. TRIORCHIS Ger.emac. 218. Parkin/, 1354. Raii Syn. p. 378. Triple Ladies Traces. Hudfon FI, AngL p, 388. RADIX fit uno, duobus, tribus, quatuorve bulbis, oblongis, acuminatis, villofis. FOLIA radicalia quatuor, et ultra, fupra terram ex- panfa, ovata, acuta, hinc convexa, inde cava, femunciam lata, ad lentem pun6lata, obfolete nervofa. SCAPUS fpithamaeus, foliofus, foliis vaginantibus, pubefcentibus, margine membranaceis. FLORES ex albo-virefcentes, odorati, quindecim et ultra, fpiroe modo difpojiti, oblonga acuminata, cava, villofa, ger- minis cum dimidio floris longitudine, jlg, i. PETALA quinque, alba, fubaequalia, villofula, tria fuperiora fubcoadunata, refta, duo lateralia carinata, lanceolata, fig. 2, 3, labellum Nec- tarii obtufum, crenulatum, intus viridulum, concavum, fig, 4. auft. Jig. 5. GERMEN feffile, ovatum, lineis duabus lateralibus extantibus notatura, fig, 6. ROOT confifls of one, two, three, or four oblong, pointed, villous bulbs, LEAVES next the root four, or more, fpread out on the ground, ovate, pointed, convex on one fide, and concave on the other, half an inch in breadth, dotted when magnified, and faintly ribbed. \ STALK fix or feven inches high, leafy, leaves fheathy, downy, and membranous at the edge. FLOWERS of a greenifh white colour, fragrant, fifteen and more in number, fpirally dijpo/ed. FLORAL-LEAF oblong, pointed, hollow, villous, of the length of the germen, and half the l. PETALS five, white, nearly equal, fomewhat villous, the three uppermoft very (lightly conne&ed together, ftraight, the two fide ones keeled and lanceolate, fig. 2, 3, the lip of the Nec- tary blunt, finely notched, green within and hollow, fig. 4, magnified, fig. 5. GERMEN feffile, ovate, marked with two protube- rant fide lines, fig. 6. The Rev. Dr. Gooden o ugh, of Ealing, kindly communicated to us this plant, having found it fparingly pn Hanwel-Heath, near Ealing: though fcarce with us, in many parts of England, efpecially the more northern, it is not uncommon. It grows in paftures, both dry and moift, and does not particularly affeft a chalky foil. In the garden it grows more readily than moft of its tribe, and flowers later, its ufual month of blowing being September. The protuberant germina, placed regularly one above another, fomewhat refemble plaited hair, whence, perhaps, its name of Ladies Traces. The flowers are fragrant, and, by the fpiral manner in which they form a curious fpecific charader. Baron Haller, who has taken infinite pains with the plants of this tribe, has not very happily expreflefl this fpecies; his artift appears to have had an unnatural fpecimen to copy from. The Ladies Traces varies much in fize as well as in the number of its roots. a/vr /yAatM. Carex Riparia. Great or Common Carex. CAREX Lin. Gen PL Monoecia Triandria. M asc. Amentum imbricatum. Cal. i. phyllus. Cor. o. Fem. Amentum imbricatum. Cal. i. phyllus. Cor. o. Ne El avium inflatum, 3. dentatum. Stigm. 3. Sem. Triquetrum, intra ne&arium. Raii Synop. Gen. 28. Herbie non culmifera: flore imperfecto seu STAMINEO. CAREX riparia fpicis mafculis pluribus triquetris nigricantibus, acutis, fquamis ariflato acuminatis, cap- fulis fubinflatis, bicornibus. CAREX acuta fpicis mafculis pluribus, femineis fubpedunculatis, ereftis, capfulis ovato-Ianceolatis aridato-acuminatis furcatis. Hudfon FI. Angi. p. 413. CAREX fpicis mafculis ternis, femineis numerofis, eredis, breviffime petiolatis, capfulis bicornibus, Haller, hijt. n. 1404. et forfan 3398 et 1399. CAREX acuta. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 565. GRAMEN cyperoides cum paniculis nigris. J. B. 2. 494. Raii Hiji. 1292. GRAMEN cyperoides latifolium fpicarufa five caule triangulo. Bauh. Pin. 6. GRAMEN cyperoides. Ger. emac. 12. GRAMEN cyperoides majus latifolium. Park. 1265. Raii Syn. 417. Great vernal Cyperus-grafs. CYPEROIDES aquaticum, maximum, foliis vix unciam latis, caule exquifite triangulari, Epicis habi- tioribus, ereftis, fquamis in ariftam longius produclis, capfulis oblongis, bifidis. Michel, Nov. Gen. Tab. 32. fig. 7. et 6. RADIX perennis, repens. CULMUS in aqtiofis bi feu tripedalis, foliofus, nodofus, ftriatus, triqueter, angulis acutis, afperis. FOLIA femunciam lata, glauca, carinata, ad margines carinamque afpera, vaginantia, vagina una cum inferiore parte folii pulchre reticulata. SPIC./E mafculaeet femineae&\ftvs\Si-3timafculee,plerum- que, tres, ad quinque, ereftae, nigricantes, triquetrae, acutae, congeftae, bra£Iaeatae, fupre- ma biunciali, inferioribus brevioribus inaequa- libus femineos tot quot mafculae, ovato-acutae, pedunculatae, plerumque ereftae, aliquando etiam pendulae, fupremis feflilibus, andro- gynis. Flos Masc. CALYX: Squamee plurimae, imbricatae, lanceolatae, arif- tato-acuminatae, e nigro 1. STAMINA : Filamenta tria, filiformia, alba; An- thers tenues, luteae, mucronatae, fig. 2. Flos. Fem. CALYX: Squamee ut in mafe. inferne vero latiores et fuperne magis luculenter ariftatae, arifta fer- rulata, fig. 3. NECTARIUM germen continens, ovatum, glabrum, 4. au6L demum inflatum, acu- minatum, ftriatum, natur. PISTILLUM: Ge rmen parvum, ovatum, glabrum, Stylus filiformis, nudus, neftario paulo lon- gior; Stigmat a tria, villofa, alba, fubulata, fig. 5. au6L SEMEN unicum, triquetrum, intra 7. mag. nat. ROOT perennial and creeping. STALK in wet fituations two or three feet high, leafy, jointed, ftriated, the angles (harp and rough. LEAVES half an inch broad, glaucous, keeled, the keel as well as the edges rough, fheathing the (talk, the (heath, together with the lower part of the leaf, beautifully reticulated. SPIKES of the male and female dillinft, thofe of the male generally from three to five, upright, blackilh,three-corned, pointed, clufiered, and furniflied with floral leaves, the uppermofl: about two inches in length, the lowermoft (horter and unequal; female fpikes as numer- ous as thofe of the male, ovate, pointed, (landing on foot-ftalks, generally upright, but fometimes pendulous, the uppermofl feflile and androgynous. Male Flower. CALYX: Scales numerous, imbricated, lanceolate,run- ning out to a long beard-like point, of a pur- plifli black i. STAMINA: three Filaments, thread-fhaped and white; Anthers (lender, yellow and ter- minated by a (hort point, fig, 2. Fem. Flower. CALYX : Scales as in the male, but broader below, and more evidently bearded above, the awn fine- ly fawed or 3. NECTARY: containing the germen, ovate, fmooth, with two horns, fig. 4. magn. finally inflated, pointed, ftriated, and of a brown colour,fig. 6. nat. fize. PISTILLUM: G ermen fmall, ovate, fmooth; Style filiform, naked, a little longer than the necla- ry ; Stigmata three, villous, white and ta- 5. magnif. SEED (ingle, three-cornered, enclofed in the Neclary, fig, 7. nat. fize. In a former number of this work we gave a figure and defeription of the Carex pendula, one of the larged, as well as mod didinft fpecies of this genus; we here prefent our readers with three more of this numerous and difficult tribe. Our motive for publiffiing them in the fame number is, that they may the more readily be com- pared together, and their feveral didinguifhing charafters be more forcibly imprefled. In herborizing it is a practice with me to endeavour at acquiring a perfeft knowledge of every plant which occurs in all its pofiible varieties; the greater the difficulty I find in the attempt, the more minute is my inquiry.Thefe in- vedigations have to my great fatisfaflion often terminated in fome new difeovery, which has placed the plant in a more confpicuous light than before ; fuch has been the happy refult in the prefent indance. In paffing thro Batter- fea meadows I had frequently noticed the three Carices here figured, which I was taught to connder as the fame fpecies, varying only from particular circumdances; but fo great was the variation, that I never could perfeUly re- concile myfelf to the idea. Iffiall here relate the feveral characters which druck mefirfi,and gave me the idea of their being different. It was the pointed, triangular, black heads or male fpikes of the riparia, the bluntnefs not only of Carex Acuta. Acute Carex. CAREX acuta fpicis mafculis pluribus, obtufis, fquamis obtufmfculis, caule acutangulo. CAREX acuta fpicis mafculis pluribus, femineis fubfelfilibus, capfulis obtufmfculis. Lin, Syjl. Veg. p. 706. Sp. Pl. p. 1388. FI. Suec. n. 857. CAREX glauca Scopoli FL Cam. n. 1157-? CYPEROIDES foliis Caryophylleis, caule exquifite triangulari, fpicis habitioribus, fquamis curtis, obtuse mucronatis, capfulis turbinatis, brevibus, confertis. Michel Nov. Gen. p. 62. tab. 32. /. 12. GRAMEN cyperoides foliis caryophylleis vulgatilfimum. -RtfA Hijt. 1292. CAREX caefpitofa var. p. Lightfoot FI. Scot. ? RADIX perennis, repens. - | CULMUS in aquofis, bipedalis et ultra, foliofus, no- | dofus, flriatus, triqueter, angulis acutis, | afperis. } FOLIA trqs lineas lata, glauca, carinata, ad mar- | gines carinamque afpera. ] mafculae et femineae diftindae, mafculae pie- rumque tres, ereftae, remotiufculae, oblongae, { obtufae, e purpureo-nigrae feu fufcae, fuprema J fefcunciali, inferioribus brevioribus, inaequa- libus, brafteatoc, braflea inferiore fpicis bre- i viore: femineae duae, vel tres, longiores, et : graciliores, pedunculatae, plerumque eredae, apicibus faepe mafculis. Flos Masc. SQUAMAS plurimae, ar6le imbricatae, ovato-oblongae, obtufae, e fufco-purpureae, nervo medio vi- refcente, fig. 1. STAMINA: Filamenta tria, filiformia, alba; An- ther.-e luteae, fig. 2. Flos. Fem. SQUAMAE ovato-acuminatae, fuperne ad lentem den- ticulis ciliatae, fig, 3. NECTARIUM ovatum, glabrum, ore fsepius biden- tato, fig.4. . ‘ . PISTILLUM: Germen parvum, intra nectarium ; Stylus neftario paulo longior; Stigmata tria, patentia, fig. 5. SEMEN triquetrum, fig. 8, 9, intra neftarium biden- tatum, fig. 6, 7. ROOT perennial, and creeping. STALK, in wet fituations, two feet high, and up- wards, leafy, jointed, ftriated, three-cornered, the angles (harp, and rough. LEAVES, three lines in breadth, glaucous, keeled, the edges and keel rough. SPIKES, male and female, diftinft ; male fpikes ge- nerally three, upright, at a little diftance from each other, oblong, obtufe, of a purplifh, black, or brown colour, the uppermoft an inch and a half in length, the lower ones (horter and unequal, furnifhed with floral leaves, of which the lowermofl; is (horter than the fpikes; female fpikes two or three, longer and flenderer than the male, (landing on footftalks, for the mod part upright, the tips frequently male. Male Flower. SCALES, numerous, clofely imbricated, of an ovate oblong fliape, obtufe, of a brownifh purple colour, the midrib greenifli, fig. i. STAMINA: three Filaments, filiform, and white ; Anthers, 2. Female Flower. SCALES ovate, and pointed, the upper part when magnified edged with fine teeth, Jig. 3. NECTARY ovate, fmooth, the mouth molt com- monly having’two teeth, fig, 4. PISTILLUM: Germen fmall, within the neftary; Style a little longer than the ne&ary; Stigmata three, fpreading, Jig, 5. SEED three-cornered, fig. 8, 9, contained within a neftary having two teeth, fig. 6. 7. the fpikes themfelves, but of the fcales compofing the male fpikes of the acuta, and the narrow leaves and flender appearance of the fpikes in the gracilis, joined to the want of that glaucous hue in the leaves, fo confpicuous in thofe of the two former ; imprefled with thefe general appearances, I carried home their roots, and planted them in my garden, and found, at the expiration of two years, that they ftill kept up the fame appearances. I then attended more minutely to their parts of frudification, and found fufficient to convince me, and I truft every unprejudiced perfon, that they are three fpecies immutably diftind. The largefl and perhaps the mofl: generally common of the three is our riparia, which we have diftinguifhed by that name, from its being found on the edges of rivers; it will alfo grow in the middle of a ditch or pond, and, if fuffered to increafe, will quickly fill up any piece of water, being in this refped almoft equal to the Foa aquatica, and Typha latifolia ; it alfo, by means of its powerfully creeping roots, eafily makes its way through any moorifh ground, and hence is often found in meadows themfelves ; and, though much fmaller in fuch fituations, its ftriking charaders are equally diftind. Where it grows luxuriantly, its fpikes, efpecially the lowermofl; of the female ones, frequently become branched, which gives them a very outre appearance, that may puzzle for a moment: as the male fpikes on their firft appearance are fo eafily diftinguifhed by their pointed and angular appearance, fo the female fpikes, when nearly ripe, are diftinguifhed from the two others by having large, fomewhat inflated, and pointed caplules, (lightly bifid at the extremity. The fynonyms of this and the two other fpecies are fo confounded together, that to trace them through all the writers that have written on the fubjed, would be an endlefs talk ; it will be fufficient therefore to have quoted a few which may be depended on. The acuta is next in fize, at leaf! with refped to the breadth of its leaves, to the riparia, and is found in fituations exadly fimilar ; indeed they very frequently grow together, and, from the great fimilarity of their foliage, may eafily be confounded : when young, the bluntnefs of its male fpikes and obtufenefs of their fquamae, fo as totally to want any kind of arifta, invariably diftinguifhes it from the riparia; and though there is frequently a tendency in thefe fpikes to be three-cornered, yet the angles are always very obtufe, to which we may add, that the colour of them before the antherae come forth is much brighter, and fometimes a fpike is found perfcdly brilliant: the female fpikes, as well as thofe of the male, are fewer in number, as well as fmaller ; nor have they that tendency to be pendulous which thofe of the riparia frequently have, the capfules when ripe are alfo much fmaller, more numerous, and no ways inflated, but very fimilar to thofe of the gracilis ; we may further remark, that while the fquamae in the male fpikes before the burfting forth of the antherae are invariably obtufe, thofe of the female fpikes are pointed, and that while this plant in its ftrong flate may eafily be rniftaken for the riparia; in its weak ftate, it approaches very near the recurva, which alfo is a fpecies perfedly diftind. faaccc. ac//fay. Carar alaci/tj. // Carex Gracilis. Slender Spiked Carex. CAREX gracilis fpicis mafculis et femineis pluribus, fubfiliformibus, floribus digynis. CAREX nigra verna vulgaris. Lin. FI. Lap. 330. ? CYPEROIDES anguftifolium, caule exquifite triangulari, afpero, fpicis floriferis praelongis, tenui- oribus, feminalibus autem fpicis biuncialibus, et habitioribus, eredis, fquamis, bre- vibus acutis, capfulis fpadiceo viridibus, rhomboideis, fubtriquetris. Micheli Nov. Gen. p. 60. n. 40. GRAMEN cyperoides majus anguftifolium. Park. 1265. Rail FUJI. 1293. tyn. p. 417, n. 2. Great narrow-leaved vernal Cyperus-grafs. RADIX perennis, repens. CULMUS in aquofis bi feu tripedalis, in pratis hu- milior, foliofus, nodofus, triqueter, angulis acutis, afperrimis. FOLIA radicalia longa, viridia, vix glauca, lineas duas lata, ad margines et carinam afpera, vaginantia, brabdcealia lineam cum dimidia lata, inferiore (florente planta) fpicis lon- giore. * / SPICiE mafcuhe et femineae diftinftae, mafculae ple- rumque tres, e fufco nigricantes, graciles, obfolete triquetrae, nutantes, terminalis bi- uncialis, inferior duplo aut triplo brevior, infima faepius androgyna, longior, femineae tres aut quatuor, teretes, graciles, longitu- dine mafculi terminalis, fefliles feu breviter pedunculatae, fuberedli, nigricantes. Mas. SOUAMAl ovato-acutae, ar£le imbricatae, carinatae, e purpureo nigricantes, carina fubviridi, fig. i. au6l. STAMINA: Filament a tria, capillaria, alba ; An- thers lineares, flavae, fig. 2. F^em. SOUAMiE maf. fimiles, magis vero oblongae ac ob- tufae, fig. 3. NECTARIUM oblongum, glabrum, ore integro; Germen minimum ; Stylus neftario lon- gior; Stigmata duo, villofa, fig. 4. 5. SEMEN triquetrum, minimum, intra ne&arium, fg- 6- ROOT perennial and creeping. STALK, in watery (ituations two or three feet high, in meadows not fo tall, leafy, jointed, three- cornered, the angles (harp and very rough to the touch. LEAVES from the root long, of a green colour, fcarcely glaucous, two lines in breadth, on the edges and midrib rough, (heathing the (talk, bradeal leaves a line and a half in breadth, the lowermoft, while the plant is in flower, longer than the fpikes. SPIKES, both male and female, growing diftinftly, the male generally three in number, of a brownilh black colour, (lender, faintly three- cornered, drooping, the terminal fpike about two inches in length, the next below twice or thrice as fiiort, the lowermoft; for the moft part androgynous and longer, female three or four, round, (lender, length of the ter- minal male fpike, fcflile or handing on fhort footftalks, nearly upright and blackifh. Male. SCALES ovate, pointed, lying clofely one over ano- ther, keeled, of purplifti black colour, the keel greenifti, jig. i. magnif. STAMINA: three Filaments, (lender and white; Anthers linear and 2. Female. SCALES as in the male, but more oblong and blunter, fig- 3- NECTARY oblong, fmooth, the mouth entire; Ger- men very fmall; Style longer than the Nec- tary ; Stigmata, two, 4, 5. SEED, three-cornered, very minute, within the nec- tary, fig. 6. If the feafon be mild, this plant and the riparia flower in April, and ripen their feeds in June and July. The gracilis, though a flenderer plant both in ftalks, leaves, and fpikes, is equal in height where it grows in fimilar fituations to either of the other two ; but as this has a greater tendency, at leaf! in Batterfea Meadows to grow among the herbage, it is frequently found fhorter, and fometimes large patches of its foliage are vifible without any flowering fpikes. This fpecies is diftinguilhed from the other two, not only by having narrower leaves, which want the glaucous colour of the other two, and flenderer fpikes, which in their young ftate are remarkably pendulous, fo as at fir ft fight to give this plant an appearance of the Carex pendula, but the female flowers are conftantly and invariably digynous. My moft obliging friend Dr. Goodenough, to whom I had communicated my thoughts on this fubjeft, examining thefe plants with his ufual accuracy, anticipated me in the difcovery of this moft important, moft neceffary chara&er ; a charafter which in a moment decidedly diftinguifhes betwixt two plants, which without it would for ever have been liable to be confounded. We fhould have been inclined to fuppofe that our gracilis was the acuta of Linnaeus, had he not quoted Micheli’s figure, to which he adds the epithet bona ; that figure is a tolerable reprefentation of our acuta, but the fpikes are far too thick for thofe of the gracilis. This fpecies, which is equally common with the two others, flowers a week or two later. Agriculturally confidered, it is perhaps doubtful, whether we are to rank the Carices with the ufeful or the noxious plants; from what we have hitherto qbferved, we fhould rather clafs them with the latter, not but we think the Junci, Scirpi, &c. infinitely more injurious, yet ftill they occupy the room of better graffes ; their principal merit is, that they afford early pafturage, yet their foliage is harfh and rough, and produ6live of indifferent hay; and fuch is the opinion of Linnaeus, who, in his Flora Lapon. remarks, that the hufbandman is not fond of fuch meadows as are over-run with Carices, as they afford bad fodder and unpro- fitable pafturage “ nec pinguefcat bos carice pajius acuta;” unfortunately, however, when the prefent fpecies, or fuch as have fimilar creeping roots, have once got poffeffion of the foil, they are. the moft difficult plants poffible to eradicate. As articles of rural ceconomy, they are in many inftances highly ufeful: in Hampfhire, Surrey, and, perhaps, other hop counties, the leaves of thefe three fpecies are ufed indifcriminately under the name of Sedge, for tvino- the young hop plants to the poles. Micheli informs us, that in Italy they are ufed-to cover their wine" flafks. to make the common fort of chair bottoms, and that the Coopers in making tubs, &c. place them betwixt the ftaves to make them water-tight: to the comfort of the Laplander, they contribute in a high degree, by defending him from the feverity of the weather; this is fo particularly defcribed by in his Flora Lapon. that we (hall translate it for fuch of our readers as may not have an opportunity of confulting the original, now become very fcarcc : “ Thou wilt wonder, perhaps, curious reader, in what manner human beings are capable of preferving life '* during the intenfe feverity of a winter’s frolf in Lapland, a part of the world deferted on the approach of “ winter by almofl every kind of bird and beaft. “ The inhabitants of this inhofpitable climate are obliged to wander with their Rhendeer flocks continually “ in the woods; not only in the day-time, but through the longefl: winter nights, their cattle are never houfed, “ nor do they eat any other food than Liverworts hence the herdfmen, to fecure them from wild beafts, “ blains of the hands and feet, fo frequent with us in Sweden, fufficiently indicate this. In no part of Lapland (t do we find the inhabitants affe&ed with chilblains, though in refpeft to country one would expeft them to “ be peculiarly fubje6t to this difeafe, efpecially as they wear no Lockings, while we clothe ourfelves in one, “ two, and even three pair. “ A Laplander preferves himfelf from the violence of cold in the following manner; he wears breeches, “ or rather trov/fers, made of the rough flu n of the Rhendeer, which reach to his ancles, and (hoes made of the