INDEX I.
In which the Plants contained in the third Fafciculus, are arranged according
to the Syftem of Linn^bus,
Latin Name.
Clafs and Order,
1 Veronica officinalis
2 Lycopus europaeu§
3 Circaea lutetiana -
4 Iris Pfeudacorus
3 Avena flavefcens
6' elatior
7 Aira praecox
8 Montia fontana
9 Dipfacus fylyeftris -
10 Scabiofa Succifa .
11 Centunculus minimus
32 Sagina procumbens
13 Myofotis icorpioides paluftris
14 Lyfimachia Nummularia
15 Anagallis tenella
16 Vinca minor
17 Chenopodium Bonus Henricus
38 Sambucus Ebulus
39 Linum catharticum
20 Fritillaria Meleagris
21 Rumex acutus.
22 r-obtulifolius
03 ■ maritimus
24 Epilobium montanum -
25 Sedum Telephiurn
26 dafyphyllum :.....
27 Agrofternma Githago
28 Lythrum Salicaria
29 Sempervivum te£lomm
30 Fragaria Herilis
31 Potentilla Anferina
32 Papaver Rhceas
33 Betonica officinalis
34 Stachys fylvatica
33 paluftris
36 Scutellaria-galericulata -
37 Antirrhinum fpurium
38 Braftica muralis . -
39 Cardamine amara
40 pratenfis
41 Sifymbrium fylveftre
42 Geranium pyrenaicum ..,
43 Malva rotundifolia
44 Lathyrus pratenfis
4 - Trifolium agrarium
46 repens -
47 Medicago arabica
48 Hypericum Androfaemum
44 —hirfutum
40 humifufum
31 Picris echioides
32 Hypochaeris radicata
53 glabra :
34 Carduus marianus
33 Bidens cernua
36 Inula dyfenterica
37 pulicaria
38 Viola paluftris
39 Orchis Morio
60 Ophrys ovata
61 Typha latifolia
52 anguftifolia
63 Carex pendula
64 Hydrocharis Morfus Ranae
65 Hypnum purum
66 Bryum fubulatum
67 Bryum argenteum -
cefpititium
68 Hydnum aurifcalpium
69 Agaricus glutinofus
70 plicatilis
.73 oftreatus -
72 Phallus impudicus
Diandria Monogynia.
Triandria Monogynia,
Triandria Digynia,
Triandria Frigynia.
Tetrandria Monogynia.
Tetrandria Tetragynia,
PentandrlA Monogynia,
Pentandria Digynia,
Pentandria Frigynia,
Pentandria Pentagynia.
Hexandria Monogynia,
He xandria Frigynia,
Octandp.ia Monogynia.
Decandria Pentagynia.
Dodecandria Monogynia,
Dodecandria Dodecagynia,
Icosandria Polygynia,
Polyandria Monogynia.
Did yn ami a Gymnofpermia,
Didynam 1A Angiofpemia,
■ Tetradynamia Siliquofa.
Mona Delphi a Decandrid.
MonadelphiA Polyandria,
* 'Diadelphia Becandria,
i Polyadelphia Polyandria,
> Syngenesia Poly garni a ce qualis*
|> Syngenesia Polygamia fuperfiua,
Syngenesia Monogamia.
j> Gynandria Diandria,
J> Monoecia Polyandria,
Mon oeci a Friandria*
D 1 oec 1 a Monaddphia,
i Cryptogamia Mufci*
1
> Cryptogamia Fungi*' INDEX II.
INDEX 111.
In which the Latin Names of the Plants
are arranged Alphebetically.
In which the Englifh Names of the Plants
are arranged Alphabetically.
Avena flavefcens 3
elatior , 6
Aira praecox 7
Anagallis tenella 33
Agrodemma Githago 27
Antirrhinum fpuriurn 37
Agaricus glutinofus 69
* plicatilis 70
odreatus 71
Betonica officinalis 33
Braffica muralis .38
Bidens cernua 33
Bryum fubulatum 66
argenteum 67
cefpititium 67
Circaea lutetiana . 3
Centunculus minimus . . . . 11
Chenopodium Bonus Henricus.* 17
Cardamine amara 39
pratenfis . 40
Carduus marianus 34
Carex pendula 66
Dipfacus fylveftris 9
Epilobium montanum 24
Fritillaria Meleagris 20
Fragaria (lerilis 30
Geranium pyrenaicum 42
Hypericum Androfcmurn . . 48
— hirfutum 49
— humifufum 30
Hypochaeris radicata 32
—1 glabra 33
Hydrocharis Morfus Ranae 64
Hypnum purum 63
Hydnum aurifcalpium 68
Iris Pfeudacorus 4
Inula dyfenterica 36’
pulicaria 37
Lycopus europaeus . 2
Lyfimachia Nummularia 2.j
Linum catharticum 2 4
Lythrum Salicaria 28
Lathyrus pratenfis 44
Montia fontana 8
Myofotis fcorpioides 13
Malva rotundifolia. 43
Medicago arabica * 47
Orchis morio ..... .30
Ophrys ovata 60
Potentilla Anlerina 32
Papaver Rhceas 32
Picris echioides 32
Phallus impudicus 72
Rumex acutus * 21
obtufifolius .22
maritimus 23
Scabiola Succifa 20
Sagina procumbens 2 2
Sambucus Ebulus 3g
Sedum Telephium 23
— dafyphyllura 26'
Sempervivum teblorum ; 29
Stachys fylvatica 34
pai ultris 33
Scutellaria galericulata 36
Sifymbrium fylveilre 42
Trifolium aurarium
a 45
77 repens 46
Typha latifolia bb
angudifolia b2
Veronica officinalis 2
Vinca minor lb
Viola, palullris ...... 38
Plate.
All-heal 35
Betony wood 33
Bryum awl-diaped ‘ 6b
(ilvery • 6j
matted , . 67
Blinks 8
Cockle 27
Carex pendulous . J - 63
Crane’s bill mountain 42
Claver 47
Clover Dutch 46
Cat’s-tail broad-leaved 61
narrow-leaved 62
Dock (harp-pointed 21
—— broad-leaved •.. 22
narrow-leaved _ 23
Devil’s bit 10
Enchanters-Nightffiade common 3
Elder dwarf 18
Flax purging . ~ ...... ig
Flueiiin round-leaved1. 37
Frit iiary common 20
frog-bit 64
J? lax yellow , 4
Fleabane common cb
Email . £7
Good Henry 27
Hawkweed long-rooted 52
— fra all-flowered 33
Hypnum meadow 63
Hydnum ear-picker -68
Houleleek .29
Haf-grafs early y
Hemp-agrimony nodding x ....33
Hooded Willow-Herb common 35'
Ladies-Smock common 39
bitter 40
jLoofeflrife purple-fpiked 28
Mufhroom flimy 69
plaited yo
oyller
Moneywort . 24
Moufear-Scorpion-Grafs 13
Mallow round-leaved _ . 43
Morell (linking y2
Nettle-Hedge 34
Orpine
Oat-Grafs yellow 3
tall 6
Orchis meadow cq
Ox-Tongue 32
Pimpernel Bog . . . 25
Pimpernel-Badard j\
Poppy fmooth-round-headed 32
Pearlwort procumbent 22
Periwinkle fmall 2 b
Rocket (linking .... 38
water 41
Strawberry barren .... .♦ 30
St. John’s Wort hairy 49
trailing 30
Silver-Weed 32
Stonecrop thick-leaved 2b
Speedwell male . 1
Trefoil hop . ir
Twayblade '.'.'.'.'.'.60
Thidle milk
Teafel wild
Tutfan .
Vetchling yellow 4 4
Violet bog rg*
Willow-Herb wood 24
W ater-Horehound
Plate. jgS
/r m . Veronica Officinalis. Male Speedwell.
VERONICA Lin. Gen, PI. D lANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Cor. Limbo 4. partito, lacinia infima anguftiore. Capfula bilocularis,
Raii Syn. Gen. 18. Herbie fructu sicco singulari flore monopetalo.
VERONICA officinalis fpicis lateralibus pedunculatis, foliis oppofitis, caule procumbente. Lin. Syjl.
Vegetab p. 56. Sp. Pl. 14. FI. Suec. n. 12.
VERONICA caule decumbente, foliis fcabris, petiolatis, ovatis, ex alis racemofa. Haller hifl.n. £40.
VERONICA officinalis. Scopoli. FI. Carn, n. 21.
VERONICA mas fupina et vulgatillima. Bauh, Pin. 246.
VERONICA vera et major. Ger. emac. 626.
VERONICA mas vulgaris fupina. Parkinf. 550. Raii Syn. p. 281. The Male Speedwell or Fluellin.
Hud/on FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 4.
Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 27.
Oeder FI. Dan. t. 248.
RADIX perennis, fibrofa.
CAULES palmares feu fpithamaei, teretes, hirfuti, ri-
giduli, repentes.
FOLIA oppofita, petiolata, prefertim inferiora, hir-
futula, ferrata, pollicaria, inferiora, bafi an-
guftata, fuperiora ovali-oblonga,obtufa,paulo
majora, fubfeffilia.
RACEMI folitarii, five gemini, in fummitate laterales,
axillares ex foliis, pedunculati, ere£li, nudi,
pubefcentes, floribus fparfis, brevius pedicel-
latis.
BRACTEAE ad flores, folitariae, lineares, obtufae, pu-
befcentes, longitudine vix calycis, ereftae.
CALYX : Perianthium monophyllum, quadriparti-
tum, hirfutum, pilis apice glanduligeris, laci-
niis ovato lanceolatis i.
COROLLA monopetala, rotata; Tubus brevis, albidus,
Limbus quadripartitus, dilute violaceus, venis
faturatioribus piftus, laciniis ovatis, obtufis,
inaequalibus ; tribus majoribus fubaequalibus,
unica duplo anguftiore, Jig. 2.
STAMINA : Filamenta duo, albida, tubo inferta,
corolla longiora; Anthers cordatae, coeru-
lefcentes; Pollen 3.
PISTILLUM: Germen fubovatum, obtufum, com-
preffum, vifcofum, utrinque fulcatum, bafi
glandula cinftum; Stylus filiformis, verfus
apicem paululum incraffatus, violaceus ;
Stigma 4.
PERICARPIUM : Capfula cordata, comprefla, calyce
paulo longior, fig. g.
SEMINA plurima, parva, comprefla, pallide fufca,
fig- 6.
ROOT perennial and fibrous.
STALKS from three to feven inches in length, round,
. hirfute, ftiffilh, and creeping.
LEAVES oppofite,Handing on footfialks,efpecially the
lower ones, fomewhat hairy, ferrated, about
an inch in length, the lower ones narrowed
at the bafe, the upper ones of an oblong or
oval fhape, obtufe, fomewhat larger than the
lower ones and nearly feflile.
FLOWER-BRANCHES fingle, or growing in pairs,
from the fide near the top of the fialk, out of
the alae of the leaves, (landing on a foot-flalk,
upright, naked, downy, the flowers placed on
(hort foot-ftalks without any regular order.
FLORAL-LEAF, one placed fingly under each flower,
linear, obtufe, downy, fcarce the length of
the calyx, and upright.
CALYX : a Perianthium of one leaf, deeply divi-
ded into four fegments, befet with rough hairs
which are glandular at the top, the fegments
oval pointed, and nearly equal, fig. i.
COROLLA monopetalous and wheel-fhaped ; the
Tube fhort and whitifh; the Limb divided
into four fegments, of a faint violet colour,
painted with more deeply coloured veins, the
fegments ovate, obtufe, and unequal ; the
three largeft nearly equal; the fingle one twice
as narrow As the others, Jig, 2.
STAMINA; two Filaments, of a whitifh colour,
inferted into the tube, and longer than the
corolla : Anthers heart-fhaped, of a blue-
ifh colour; Pollen white, Jig, 3.
PISTILLUM : Germen fomewhat ovate, obtufe,
flattened, clammy, grooved on each fide, fur-
rounded at. its bafe by a gland; Style
thread-fhaped, a little thickened towards the
top, of a violet colour; Stigma as if cut
s. off, Jig* 4*
■ SEED-VESSEL : a heart fhaped flattened Capfule, a
little longer than the calyx, fig. 5.
I SEEDS numerous, fmall, flattened, of a pale brown
colour, Jig. 6.
On dry mountainous fituations, as on Hampftead Heath, and about Charlton Wood, we find this fpecies of
Veronica in great abundance, producing flowers from June to Auguft, or later.
Its principal diftinguifhing chara&er is its creeping ftalk, which in fome fituations is more ftri6lly fo than in
others, I have obferved it on fome dry heaths, creeping clofe to the earth, and in other places fcarcely procum-
bent, but it always has this charafter in a greater or lefs degree.
In the colour of its bloflbms it varies much, they being in fome fituations almoft blue, in others reddidi, and
in others white; and it is faid to have been found with double flowers.
When it meets with a luxuriant foil, its ftalks will extend a foot or two, and its leaves equal thofe of the
Veronica Chamcedrys in fize.
Many writers on the Materia Medica have been lavifti of their encomiums on its virtues. Rutty thus fpeaks
of it.
“ It has a faint fmell which is not difagreeable, to the tafte it is bitterifli and fomewhat aftringent; the extraft
“ of it was alfo bitter and aftringent, but that prepared with fpirit of wine ftronger than that prepared with
*e water, and both fomewhat acrid, the bitternefs refides moft in the refmous part.
“ An infufion of it on the addition of vitriol of iron became of a greenifti brown colour, and with Alston
s< black; blue paper it made red.
“ In its external ufe the cleanfing and aftringent powers which it poflefles, place it among the principal vul-
“ neraries, bad ulcers it cleanfes, and difpofes them to heal; I have myfelf been witnefs of its efficacy in this
“ refpeft, applied to an inveterate cancerous ulcer in the form of a cataplafm, from difcharging a thin ichor, it
“ produced a laudable pus.
.53.
Lightfoot FI Scot, p. 106.
Scioreher. Gram, tab, 9.
RADIX perennis, culta manifefte repens.
CULMUS pedalis ad bipedalem, eredus, teres, tribus
aut quatuor geniculis purpurascentibus in-
itrudus, hirfutulus.
FOLIA plana, ad duas lineas lata, una cum vagina
quas flriata eft pilis modice longis hirfutula.
PANICULA trlunclalis et ultra, dum florent fpiculae
quam maxime diffufa, e flavo virefeens, ereda ;
poltea coardata, fubfecunda, e fiavo-fulca,
Iplendens.
SPICULiE parvas, biflorae, etiam triflorae et quadriflorae,
fiofculis omnibus ariftatis. jig. 3. 4. 9.
CALYX: Gluma bivalvis, valvulis inaequalibus, fub-
membranaceis,acuminatis,altera majori, fig. 1.2.
COROLLA : Gluma bivalvis, valvulis inaequalibus, al-
tera minore fubdiaphana, membranacea, peni-
tus alba, apice bifida, altera majori tribus aut
quatuor nervis viridibus infignlta, concava,
bifida, ariflata. jig. 3. 6.
NECTARIUM : Glumula duae longitudine germinis,
apice laciniatae. jig, 8.
ARISTA ex dorfo circa medium valvulae majoris erum-
pit, in viva planta reda, valvula duplo fere
longior, in ficca recurva, fg. 4. 9.
STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria, longitudine
florum, Antherje flavae, bifurcatae, fg, 5.
PISTILLUM : Germen ovale, nudum ; Styli duo,
ramofiflimi, ex apice germinis, deflexi, fg. 7.
SEMEN oblongum, acuminatum, nudum, valvula
majori inclufum
ROOT perennial, when cultivated manifeftly creeping.
STALK from one to two feet high, upright, round,
furniihed with three or four purpliih joints,
and covered with numerous ihort hairs.
LEAVES flat, rarely exceeding two lines in breadth,
together with the iheath which is finely
grooved covered with hairs of a moderate
length.
PANICLE three inches and more in length, while the
fpiculae flower fpreading as wide as poflible,
of a yellowifh green colour and upright; af-
terwards doling together, with the fpicul 4-
STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria, corolla bre-
viora, cui inferta: Anthers parvae, albae,
fis-4-
PISTILLUM: G ermen turbinatum, fubtriangulare;
Styli tres, villofi, patentes; Stigmata
fimplicia, fig. 5.
PERICARPIUM: Calyx permanens, au£lus, trun-
catus, continet Capsulam, turbinatam, uni-
locularem, trivalvem, valvulis ovatis, acutis,
monofpermis, demiffo femine filiformibus,
calyce paulo longioribus, fig. 6, 7, 8, 10.
SEMINA nigra, fubreniformia, fig. 11.
ROOT annual, and fibrous.
STALKS numerous, round, fmooth, reddifh,fpreading
on the ground, and fometimes linking root,
two or three inches in length, branched and
jointed.
LEAVES oppofite, felfile, oblong, fomewhat pointed,
narrowed near the bale, rather flelhy, fmooth,
and of a pale green colour.
FLOWER-STALKS generally growing three toge-
ther, each fupporting one flower, proceeding
from a little fcale in the bofom of the leaves,
as foon as the flowering is over hanging
down, afterwards becoming upright and
longer than the leaves.
CALYX: a Perianth him of two leaves: the leaves
ovate, concave, obtufe, upright, and perma-
nent, fig. i. 9.
COROLLA of one petal, deeply divided into five feg-
ments, of a white colour, the three alternate
ones lead, having the flamina attached to
them, fig. 2, 3, 4.
STAMINA: three (lender Filaments fhorter than
the corolla to which they are connected :
Anthers fmall and white, fig. 4.
PISTILLUM : Germen large at top, fmall at bottom,
and fomewhat triangular; Styles three,
villous, fpreading ; Stigmata Ample,5,
SEED-VESSEL: the permanent and increafing Ca-
lyx, cut off as it were at top, contains a Cap-
sule of the fame fhape as the germen, of one
cavity and three valves, the valves ovate, and
pointed,each containing one feed, on the fal-
ling ofwhich they become thread-fhaped, and
a little longer than the calyx, fig. 6, 7, 8, 10.
SEEDS black and fomewhat kidney-fhaped, fig. 11.
This plant, of which there is but one fpecies, appears firft to have had a generic charafter bellowed on it by
D illenius, who called it Cameraria in honour of Camerarius, a German Phyfician and Botanift; Micheli
afterwards figured it among his Nova Genera, and gave it the name of Monti, in commemoration of his coun-
tryman Monti, an Italian Botanift, which name has been adopted by Linn®us.
Its parts of fruffification, which are reprefented in a magnified ftate on the plate, and of which a particular
defcription is given, are Angular enough to juftify thefe authors in making it a diftintf genus.
The Englifh name of Blinks has perhaps been given to this plant from the bloffoms ufually appearing in a
half opened ftate, but when the fun ftiines on them they are fully expanded.
It grows in wet places, efpecially on the moift gravelly parts of heaths, where the water ftagnates in the
winter, on Black-Heath, Hampfiead-Heath, and in other fimilar fituations it is very common, flowering in May,
and ripening its feed in the beginning of June.
It is eafy of cultivation, but not remarked for its utility in any refpeft ; the feed may propably be the food
of fmall birds. Dipsacus Syl vestris. Wild Teasel.
DIPSACUS. Linn. Gen. PL Tetrandria Monogynia.
Calyx communis, polyphyllus; proprius fupfcrus. Recept. paleaceum.
Rail Syn. Gen. 8. Herbie corymbiferis affines.
DIPSACUS capitulis ovatis, foliis arcuatis circumvallatis, ariftis fquamarum redis, Haller Hift.
n. 198.
DIPSACUS fylveftris feu Labrum Veneris. J. B. III. 74.
DIPSACUS fylveftris aut Virga paftoris major. C. B. Pin. 385.
DIPSACUS fylveftris. Ger. emac. 1167. Parkinf. 984.
Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 6.
Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 113.
Jacquin FI. Auftr. t. 402,
RADIX biennis, fimplex, fibris majufculis donatus.
CAULIS tripedalis ad orgyalem, ramofus, teres,
ftriatus, inanis, inferius fpinis rarius difpofitis,
prope capitula creberrimis horridus.
FOLIA radicalia primi arini fupra terram in orbem
fparfa, ovato-oblonga, obtufmfcula, crenato-
ferrata, rugofa, fpmulis rarioribus afpera,
caulina faltem inferiora minus rugofa, bafi
adeo connata ut finum magnum efficiant,
poft pluvias aqua plenum, ovato-acuta, cre-
nata, fpinis ad marginem et nervum medium
rarius obfitum, fumma minus connata, ma-
gifque lanceolata, integerrima et fere inermia.
CAPITULA plurima, folitaria, erefta, ovato-oblonga,
fubacuminata.
FLORES purpurei, circa medium capituli primo
erumpentes.
INVOLUCRUM polyphyllum, foliolis fublinearibus,
rigidis, fpinulofis, furfum arcuatis, longi-
tudine capituli, inaequalibus.
CALYX: Perianthium proprium, minimum, viride,
ciliatum, fig. 1.
COROLLA monopetala, tubulofa; Tubus infundibuli-
formis, bafi attenuatus, albidus, ad lentem
villofulus; Limbus quadrifidus, eredus, pur-
pureus, laciniis obtufis, extima majori, fig. 2.
STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, albida, capillaria,
re6la, tubo corollae inferta; Anthers in-
cumbentes, oblongae, violaceae, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM: Germen inferum, tetragonum, albi-
dum, fulcatum, margine fuperne viridi;
Stylus filiformis albus, corolla paulo brevi-
or; Stigma canaliculatum, fubinflexum,
fig-4. 5’6-
RECEPTACULUM paleaceum, paleis longitudine
flaminum, rigidis, ariftatis, fupremis longi-
oribus, bafi concavis, fubtriangularibus;
Arifioj acuminata, re61a, hifpidula, fig, 8.
ROOT biennial, fimple, furnifhed with large fibres.
STALK from three to fix feet high, branched, round,
ftriated, hollow, fpinous, fpines near the
bafe but few, near the heads very numerous,
long and (harp.
LEAVES: radical leaves of the firft year’s plant
fpread on the ground in a circular form, are
of an oblong oval fhape, bluntifh at the point,
notched on the edges, wrinkled, and rough
with fpines thinly fcattered over the leaf,
thofe of theJlalk at lead the lowermoft ones,
are lefs wrinkled, and united at the bafe in
fuch a manner as to form a large cavity,
which contains water after rain, of an oval
pointed fhape, notched, and thinly befet with
fpines on the edge and mid-rib, the uppermojt
leaves flightly united at the bafe, narrower,
entire, and almoft free from fpines.
HEADS numerous, growing fingly on foot-ftalks, up-
right, of an oblong egg fhape, fomewhat
pointed at top,
FLOWERS purple, firft breaking forth about the
middle of the head.
INVOLUCRUM cofnpofed of many leaves which are
fomewhat linear, rigid, befet with fmall
fpines, bending upwards, the length of the
heads, unequal.
CALYX: the Perianthium of each flofcule is very
minute, green, and edged with hairs, Jig. i.
COROLLA monopetalotis, tubular ; the Tube funnel-
fhaped, narrowed at the bafe, whitifh and
flightly villous if magnified ; the Limb divi-
ded into four fegments, upright, purple, the
fegments obtufe, the outermoft largeft, fig. 2.
STAMINA: four Filaments, of a whitifh colour,
very fine, ftraight, inferted into the tube of
the corolla; Anthers incumbent, oblong,
of a violet colour, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM: Germen placed below the calyx, four
cornered, whitifh, grooved, the edge on the
upper part green ; Style thread-fhaped,
white, a little fhorter than the corolla.
Stigma channelled and bent a little in,
fig. 4, 5, 6.
RECEPTACLE chaffy, chaff the length of the Stamina,
rigid, bearded, the uppermoft longeft, at bot-
tom hollow, and fomewhat triangular; the
Beard or awn running out to a long, ftraight,
and fomewhat hifpid point, fig. 8.
The ancient Botanifts always confidered the wild and the manured Teafel as two diftind fpecies, and until
the time of Linnaeus but one opinion prevailed on the fubjed; that great Botanift too haftily concluded that
the Dipfdcus fullonum was only a variety of thefylveftris; fome few have implicitly followed that opinion; but
H aller and Jacquin, diftinguifhed by their nice difcernment and accurate defcriptions, unite in confidering
th t fylveftris as a fpecies totally diftind from the fullonum: in the manured Teafel the leaves of the Involucrum
are (hort and horizontally extended, in the wild one they are long and encircle the head; the Paleae in the
former are always hooked at the extremity, in the latter never, though cultivated; many other diftindions will
be pointed out when w7e give the hiftory and manner of cultivating the manured Teafel.
This fpecies grows very commonly on the edges of paftures, in uncultivated places, by road Tides, and
flowers from July to September,
The water coileded in the bafon, formed by the union of the leaves towards the bottom of the ftalk, is faid to
cure warts on the hands if feveral times wrafhed with it, and hence Ray conjectures this plant might have
received its name of Labrum Veneris.
Cattle in general, even the Afs, appear to avoid it; as is (hewTn by the dried Items and heads which remain all
the winter, but there is a fmall Moth about twice the fize of the Euonymella, fpeckled with black, which finds
its way into this formidable plant, and makes a comfortable and fecure domicilium of its fpinous head. Vid.
Moiifet The at. Infed. p. 256. Rail catal. plant, circa Cant. p. 45. 202
e/y/iw/rrj. Scabiosa Succisa. Devil’s-Bit, or Meadow Scabious.
SCABIOSA Linn. Gen, PL Tetrandria Monogynia.
Cal communis polyphyllus; proprius duplex fuperus. paleaceum
1. nudum.
Raii Syn. Gen. 8. Herbje corymbiferis affines.
SCABIOSA Succifa corollulis quadrifidis aequalibus, foliis caulinis dentatis, floribus fubglobofis.
SCABIOSA Succifa corollulis quadrifidis aequalibus, caule fimplici, ramis approximatis, foliis lanceo-
lato-ovatis integerrimis. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. p. 142.
SCABIOSA cauletrifloro, floribus convexis,foliis radicalibus ovatis, caulinis lanceolatis. HallerHift. 201*
SCABIOSA Succifa. Scopoli FI. Carniol p. 95. n. 138.
SUCCISA glabra et hirfuta. Bank. Pin. 269
MORSUS Diaboli. Ger. emac, 726.
MORSUS Diaboli vulgaris flore purpureo. Parkins, 491.
SCABIOSA radice fuccifa, flore globofo. Raii Syn, 191. Devils-Bit
Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 63
Lightfoot Fl, Scot. p. 114.
RADIX adulta craflitie fere digiti minimi, faepe obli-
qua, praemorfa, fibris longis albidis praedita.
CAULIS pedalis, ad fefquipedalem, fubereftus, nobif-
cum raro fimplex, at in duos, tres, vel plures
ramos divifus, teres, hirfutus, rubefeens.
x 1
FOLIA radicalia ovalia, petiolis brevibus infidentia,
faturate viridia, in petiolum breviter decur-
rentia, integerrima, pilis longis utrinque hir-
futa, caulina oppofita, connata, lanceolata,
rariter dentata, fuprema fublinearia, inte-
gerrima.
CAPITULI Florum fubglobofi, caerulei, folitarii, pe-
dunculis longis nudis feu parum foliofis infi-
dentibus.
CALYX: P ERiANTHiUM commune multiflorum, pa-
tens, polyphyllum : foliolis ovato-acutis, ci-
liatis, bafi fubgibbofis, feriebus variis recep-
taculum cingentibus, eique infidentibus, quo-
rum interiora gradatim minora; /zj-. 1, 11.
Perianthium proprium duplex, inferius tetra-
gonum, pilofum, germen includens ; fig. 2,
luperius germini infidens, quinquepartitum,
laciniis fetaceis, fig. 3.
COROLLA monopetala, tubulofa, quadrifida, laciniis
obtufis, tribus inferioribus fubaequalibus, fu-
periore longiore, fig. 4.
STAMINA: Fi lamenta quatuor, fubulata, corolla
fere duplo longiora; Anthers oblongae,
incumbentes, violaceae; Pollen album,
fig. 5.
PISTILLUM: Germen minimum, albidum, cylin-
draceo-ovatum; Stylus filiformis, dum an-
therae pollinem dimittunt longitudine labii
inferioris corollae; Stigma orbiculatum,
medio depreflum, fig. 6, 7, 8.
SEMEN oblongum, fulcato-angulofum, hirfutum, fe-
- tis quinque 10.
ROOT when full grown, nearly the thicknefs of the
little finger, often growing obliquely, bit off
as it were, or flumped at the extremity, and
furnifhed with long whitifh fibres.
STALKS from a foot to a foot and a half high, nearly
upright, with us rarely fingle, but divided into
two, three, or more branches, round, befet
with rough hairs, and of a reddifh colour.
LEAVES next the root, oval, handing on fhort foot-
ftalks, of a deep green colour, running a lit-
tle way down the foot-flalk, entire at the
edge, covered on both fides with long, rough
hairs ; thofe on the ftalk oppofite, connate,
lanceolate, fparingly toothed on the edge,
the uppermoft nearly linear and entire.
HEADS of the flowers nearly round, blue, fingle, fit-
ting on long, naked, or almofl naked flower
ftalks.
CALYX: the general Perianthium fupports many
florets, is fpreading, and compofed of many
leaves, which are of an oval pointed fhape,
edged with hairs, fomcwhat gibbous at the
bale, furrounding and fittingon the receptacle
in various rows, of which the innermofl are
gradually the final left, fig. i, 11. Perianthium
of each floret double, the lower one four-cor-
nered, hairy, enclofmgthe 2, the
upper one fitting on the germen,divided deeply
into five fegments, fhaped like briflles,y%. 3.
COROLLA monopetalous, tubular, divided into four
obtufe fegments, the three lowermoll of
which are nearly equal, the uppermoft fome-
what longefl, Jig. 4.
STAMINA: four Filaments, tapering to a point,
almofl twice the length of the corolla ; An-
thers oblong, incumbent, of a violet co-
lour; Pollen wdiite, fig. 5.
PISTILLUM: Germen very fmall, whitifh, rarely
cylindrical, enclofed within the calyx; Style
thread-lhaped, while the antherae are {bed-
ding the pollen the length of the lower lip
of the corolla; Stigma round, flat, with a
depreflion in the middle, fig. 6, 7, 8.
SEED oblong, angular, grooved, befet with rough
hairs, and crowned with five fetae or briftles,
fg- io-
The Devil’s-Bit is one of thofe few plants which adorn our paftures in Autumn, and is capable of adding
fome beauty even to the flower garden, in which it grows much more branched than in its wild ftate, and
continues in bloflbm from Auguft to the end of O&ober ; like Plantain and many other herbs, the root when
full grown is (lumped at the extremity.
and afterwards back again, dilated above;
1 Anthers membranous, blunt, bent in,
hairy, producing its farina on each fide of”
j the edge.
) PISTILLUM: Germina two, roundifh, fomewhat
) flattened at the fides by two fhining corpuf-
) cles of the length of the germina ; Style
) inverfely conical, the length of the fla-
■ mina : Stigmata two, the lowermofl orbi-
, cular,-flat, and clammy on the edge, the
) uppermod forming a little tuft of very white
) hairs.
Whoever looks into the tube of this Flower with any degree of attention, mud be druck with the wifdom
(hewn in the formation of the parts contained within it; in all the plants I have feen Ido not recollect any
greater indance of care taken to preferve the tender parts of the frutfification, each Anthera is terminated by
a membrane which bends over at top, and the membranes of all the Antherae doling together, effediually
feclude every thing which might injure the parts of the fructification below them, diftinguilhed not lefs by the
delicacy than the fingularity of their Rrufture. The filaments in their fhape fomewhat refemble a note of
interrogation, the Antherae in their ftructure are very fimilar to thofe of the violet, and open inwardly in the
fame manner; the Ryle, which in moll flowers is broaded at bottom, is here Rendered; they are two in number, but
fo clofely united, that, without a magnifier, the divifion is fcarce to be perceived; the digmata, according to
Linnseus, are two in number; it is mod probable, however, that the lowermod, which is flat with a glutinous
edge, and which forms a kind of ring round the Ryles, is the true digma; the top is a little elevated above the
Rigma, and appears like a round white ball, which, when magnified, is found to confifl of a number of hairs
diverging from one centre, in the microfcope it is a very plealing fight; the ripe feed veil'd of this plant I have
not been able to difeover; they are mod probably rarely pro luced. <
This fpecies of Periwinkle varies much in the colour of its blodbms, which are fometimes purple, fometimes
of a pale blue colour, and fometimes white ; in the gardens it is alfo fold with divers forts of variegated foliage
and double blodbms.
At. the foot of a dickered hedge expofed to the morning fun, it dourifhes very much, efpecially if the foil be
moid, and affords a very pretty ornamental flower in the fpring months, nor is it fo fugacious as many, but
will continue in blodbm a month or fix weeks.
It may probably be found wild in divers places about London ; as yet, however, I have noticed it in one
fpot only, viz. in the hedge of a field on the left hand fide of Lorddfip-Lane near Dulwich, where it had every
appearance of being in a wild Rate. IJ2 Chenopodium Bonus Henricus. Good King Henry.
CHENOPODIUM. Lin. Gen. PL Pentandria Digynia.
Cal. 5 phyllus, 5 gonus, Cor. o. Sem. 1. lenticulare, fuperum.
Redi Syn. Gen. 5. Herb.e flore imperfecto seu stamineo vel apetalo
POTIUS.
CHENOPODIUM Bonus Henricus foliis triangulari fagittatis integerrimis, Epicis compofitis aphyllis
axillaribus. Lin. Syjl. Veget ab, p. 216. Sp. Pl.p. 318. FI. Suecic. n. 214.
CHENOPODIUM foliis triangularibus, undulatis, integerrimis, fubtus farinofis. Haller, hiji. n. 1578.
CHENOPODIUM Bonus Henricus. Scopoli. FI. Carn. 278
LAPATHUM unHuofum folio triangulo. Bauh. Pin. 115.
BLITUM perenne. Bonus Henricus di£lum. Bonus Henricus J. B. II. 965. Ger. emac. 329
LAPATHUM unftuofum. Park. 1225. RaiiSyn. p. 156. Common Englifh Mercury, or All-good.
Hudfon FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 104. Lightfoot Ft. Scot. p. 147.
RADIX perennis, ramofa.
CAULIS pedalis, ad fefquipedalem, ereflus, ad bafin
teres, laevis, fuperne flriato-angulatus, farina
diaphana adfperfus, ramofus.
FOLIA petiolata, alterna, fagittato-triangularia, laevia,
fubtus venofa, pallidiora, et farinofa, fubun-
dulata, integerrima.
SPICA florum terminalis, lutefcens, conica, nuda,
pulverulenta, inferne compofita, fuperne
glomerata, cylindrica.
CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, quinquepar-
titum, laciniis fubcuneiformibus, concavis,
margine membranaceis, apice dentato erofis,
.fis- l-
COROLLA nulla.
STAMINA: F 1 lamenta quinque, fubulata, calyce
paulo longiora ; Antherm fubrotundae,
didymae, flavae, fig. 2.
PISTILLUM : Germen ovatum, compreflum ; Sty-
lus nullus; Stigma bipartitum, tripartitum,
aut etiam quadripartitum, laciniis acuminatis,
albidis, patentibus, fig. 4.
PERICARPIUM nullum, calyx continens femen uni-
cum, majufculum,fubreniforme, compreflum,
calycem excedens,epidermide tenui obteftum,
fis- 5- , . . .
FLORES FEMINEI, plurimi, intra hermaphroditos.
ROOT perennial and branched.
STALK from a foot to a foot and a half in height, at
bottom round and fmooth, upwards finely
grooved,andfomewhat angular, covered with
tranfparent powdery globules, and branched.
LEAVES handing on footflalks, alternate, triangularly
arrow-fhaped, fmooth, underneath veiny, of
a paler colour and mealy, fomewhat waved,
and entire at the edge.
SPIKE of flowers terminal, yellowifh, conical, naked,
mealy, below branched, above cluflered and
cylindrical.
CALYX : a Perianthium of one leaf, deeply di-
vided into five fegments, which are fomewhat
wedge-fhaped, concave, membranous at the
edge, and jagged at top,y%\ i.
COROLLA wanting.
STAMINA : five Filaments tapering, a little longer
than the calyx ; Anthers roundilh, double,
and yellow, fig, 2.
PISTILLUM: Germen ovate, flattened; Style
wanting; Stigma divided to the bafe into
two, three, or four fegments, which run out
to a point, are of a whitilh colour, and fpread-
™g>.fig-4- . . .
SEED-VESSEL wanting, the calyxcontaimnga Angle
feed, large, fomewhat kidney-fliaped, flatten-
ed, exceeding the calyx, and covered with a
fine (kin, Jig. 5.
FEMALE FLOWERS numerous among the herma-
phrodite ones.
Several plants of the Orach and Goofefoot kind are gathered while young and tender by the poorer fort of
people to fupply the place of Spinach and other greens, one of them is the prefent plant, whofe excellence as
a pot-herb feerns not to be fo generally known as it deferves ; at Bofon in Lincolnfiiire, and probably in many
other places in the kingdom, they are fenfible of its value, it is there univerfally cultivated, every one poffefiing
the leafl fpot of ground has his plantation of Englijh Mercury ; by them it is confidered as fuperior to Spinach,
and always preferred to it, yet, ftrange to tell ! this ufeful herb is unknown to the greatefl Herb-market in
the world, Covent-Garden.
To produce this defirable plant in its greatefl perfeflion, fow the feed about March on a deep loomy foil
prepared as for Afparagus, let the feedlings continue to grow till Autumn, about the middle of September,
taking advantage of a wet feafon, fet them out on a bed fimilar to that on which they were fown, about a foot
apart, keep them clear of weeds, and the enfuing Spring and Summer the plant will afford an abundant crop,
the young fhoots with their leaves and tops are to be cut as they fpring up, and being a perennial plant it will
continue thus plentifully to produce for a great number of years ; in the winter the bed is to be covered with
dung, which fhould be raked off as the Spring advances, when the earth around the roots is carefully to be dug
or forked up.
As a medicine this herb is ranked among the emollients, but rarely made ufe of in praclice; the leaves are
applied by the common people for healing flight wounds, cleanfing old ulcers, and other like purpofes.
It grows in uncultivated places, by road-fides, and particularly in the environs of Farm-yards, like moft of
the fame genus appearing to be fond of dung; it produces both flowers and feeds from May to Auguft.
From all the other Chenopodiums it differs in having a perennial root.
The name by which it is moll commonly called is that of Mercury, a name which tends to confound it with
the other Mercuries (Mercurialis annua, and perennisJ and which it were better if poffible to get rid of by
ufing the old botanic name of Good King Henry, :uj
/'//////UY/.J c////^>. Sambucus Ebulus. Dwarf-Elder,
SAMBUCUS. Linn. Gen. PL Plntandria Trigynia*
Cal. 5-partitus* Cor. 5-fida. Bacca. 3-fperma.
Rail Syn, Gen, Arbores et Frutices.
SAMBUCUS Ebulus cymis tripartitis, (lipulis foliaceis, caule herbaceo. Linn. Sy/L JW. 244.
5/. Pl. p. 385. FL Suec. n. 266.
SAMBUCUS herbacea;- floribus umbellatis. Haller Hi/l* n. 6j 1.
SAMBUCUS Ebulus. Scopoli FL Carn. w. 371.
SAMBUCUS humilis feu Ebulus. Bauh. Pin. 456.
EBULUS five Sambucus humilis. G feflile, oppofite, oval, deeply cut in on the
> edge ; the lowermofl gradually the fmalleft;
• the radical ones (landing on longer foot-
ftalks than the others and procumbent.
STIPULAE fmall, oval, and pointed, placed on the
common foot-ftalk itfelf, betwixt each pair
of the fmall leaves, above feflile, oppofite,
entire, underneath hoary alfo.
LEAF-STALKS villous, flat on the upper fide, form-
ing a (heath at the bottom, which is hollow,
membranous, tender, downy, running down
each fide of the leaf-ftalk.
SHEATHS of the ftalks or rather the ftipulae of the
runners, are placed fingly at the joints, bifid
and often multifid at top, bearing an oblong
indented fmall leaf.
FLOWERS (landing on foot-ftalks, proceeding fingly
from the joints of the runners.
FLOWER-STALKS round, villous, upright, fup-
porting one flower.
CALYX : a Perianthium of one leaf, villous, divi-
ded into 10 fegments, which are ovate, the
edges laying one over the ot,her, fpreading,
and fomewhat turned back, the 5 innermoft
are entire, rather pointed, yellowifh at the
bafe, the outermoft bluntifh and jagged, fig. 1.
PETALS five, of a yellowifh colour, ovate, obtuie, fef-
file, twice the length of the calyx, very much
expanded, and inferred into the calyx, fig. 2.
STAMINA: numerous Filaments, tapering, yellow,
inferred into the calyx, upright; Anthers
heart-ftiaped, blunt, upright, flat on both
fides, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM: G ermina numerous, ovate, obtufe,
white, furrounded by the hairs of the recep-
tacle ; Styles tapering, growing out of the
fide of the gerrnen, of a yellowifh colour,
(horter than the (lamina ; Stigmata trun-
cated, fig. 4, 5.
RECEPTACLE hairy.
Few plants render themfelves more confpicuous by the whitenefs of their leaves than the Potenhlla Anjerina,
indeed its old name of Argentina was derived from this very circumflance ; it mufl be remarked however that
in this particular it is fubjecl to much variation, the leavesTeing fometimes filvery on both Tides, ana fometimes
entirely green, but it is moft commonly found with the upper fide of the leaves gieen, «nd the under fide
filvery; the more clayey the foil, the whiter the leaves are generally found to be.
It is a plant which thrives mofl in moift fituations, efpecially if the foil be clayey, and the water apt to Mag-
nate on it; in fuch fituations it may be found almofl every where about London, Lowering iiom July to
Ray informs us on very refpeflable authority that the Boys about Settle in Yorkfhire, cad tne loots of thefe
plants by the name of Moors, and that in the winter feafon they dig thern up and eat. t lem, and that he him-
felf had been a witnefs to their being turned up and greedily devoured by fwme. t e erves tne con ideration
of the Farmer how far thefe animals may be rendered ufeful in this reipecl, not as to t.n , p»ant on y, ut many
others which are either noxious or ufelefs.
Its medicinal virtues are wholly out of repute* ~25
///sra.). Papaver Rhceas. Smooth Round-Headed Poppy.
PAPAVER. Linn. Gen, PL Polyandria Monogynia.
Cor. 4-petala. Cal. 2-phylIus. Capfula i -locularis, fub ftigmate perfiftente
pons dehifcens. r
Rati Syn. Gen. 22. Herb.e vasculiferje flore tetrapetalo anomale
PAPAVER Rhoeas capfulis glabris globofis, caule pilofo multifloro, foliis pinnatifidis incifis. Linn
Syft. Veg. p. 407. Sp. P/. p. 726. F/. Suec. n. 468.
PAPAVER foliis femipinnatis hifpidis fruftu ovato glabro. Haller Hijl. n. 1064,
PAPAVER Rhceas. Scopoli FI. Carn, n. 648..
PAPAVER erratiemn majus. Bauh. Pin. 171.
PAPAVER Rhceas. Ger. em ac, 371.
PAPAVER erraticum Rhoeas five fylveflre. Park. 397.
PAPAVER laciniato folio, capitulo breviore glabro annuum Rhoeas diftum. Raii Syn. i>. 008.
Red Poppy or Corn-Rofe.
Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 230.
Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 269.
RADIX annua, firaplex, fibrofa.
CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, ereCfus, ramofus, te-
res, bafi purpurafeens, hifpidulus, pilis bafi
bulbolis.
FOLIA feffilia, bafi fubvaginantia, utrinque hirfuta,
pinnatifida, incifa, laciniis feu foliolis inae-
qualiter dentato ferratis, dentibus margine
revolutis, apice callofis et fpinula terminatis.
PEDUNCULI ereCfi, uniflori, teretes, hifpidi, pilis
patentibus.
CALYX: Perianthium diphyllum, ovatum, hifpi-
dulum, foliolis concavis, margine membra-
naceis, deciduis.
COROLLA: Petala quatuor, magna, patentia,
inaequalia, coccinea,, ad bafin macula nigra,
nitida notata.
STAMINA: Filamenta numerofa, purpurea, ca-
pillaria; Anthers fubrotundae, compreffae;
Pollen viride, fg. 1, 2.
PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, truncatum; Sty-
lus nullus, Stigma convexum, radiatum;
radiis- circiter decem purpureis, fg. 3.
PERICARPIUM: Caps ula ovata, apice truncata, et
crenata, laevis, lineis elevatis tot quot ffigmata
notata, ftigmate plano perfiflente crenato
tefta, fg. 4.
SEMINA plurima, minima, ex atro-purpurafeentia,
fg- 5-
ROOT annual, fimple, and fibrous.
STALK from one to two feet high, upright, branched,
round, purplifh at bottom, fomewhat hi'f-
pid, the hairs bulbofe at the bafe.
LEAVES feffile, forming a kind of fheath at bottom,
hairy on both fides, pinnatifid and jagged,
the fmall leaves into which the large one is
divided unequally toothed, or fawed, each
tooth rolled back at the edge, callous at top,
and terminated by a fmall Ipine.
FLOWER-STALK upright, each fupporting one
flower, round, hifpid, the hairs proje&ing
horizontally.
CALYX: a Perianthium of two leaves, ovate, hif-
pid, the leaves hollow, membranous on the
edge and deciduous.
COROLLA: four petals, large, fpreading, unequal,
of a bright fcarlet colour, marked at the bafe
with a fhining black fpot.
STAMINA: Filaments numerous, purple and very
flender; Anther/e roundifh, flattened: Pol-
len green, fg. i, 2.
PISTILLLfM : Germen ovate, cut off at top; Style
wanting; Stigma convex and radiated, rays
about ten of a purple colour, fig. 3.
SEED-VESSEL: fbape of an egg cutoff at top, where
it is fcolloped, fmooth, marked with as many
raifed lines as there are ffigmata, and covered
with the ftigma which is permanent, flat, and
alfo fcolloped on the edge, fg, 4.
SEEDS numerous, very minute, of a dark purple
colour, fg, 5.
We have growing wild in the neighbourhood of London, four different fpecies of Poppy that have fome
affinity both in their foliage and flowers to one another, viz. the Papaver Rhceas, fmooth round-headed Poppy,
Papaver dubium, fmooth long-headed Poppy, Papaver hybridwn, prickly round-headed Poppy, and Papaver Arge-
mone, prickly long-headed Poppy; of thefe the firft, which is here figured, is by far the rnoft common; growing
chiefly in Corn-fields, it has acquired generally the name of Corn Poppy, in fome countries it is diftinguifhed by
the name of Red-Weed.
A Syrup made from an infufion of the flowers is ufed by the Apothecary, more for the fake of the beautiful
colour it imparts to the medicine, than from its poffefling any active principle; the Gardener is careful to cul-
tivate its numerous varieties, while the Farmer is no lefs anxious to root it from his fields, in which it is often fo
predominant as to appear like the real crop.
Although a Corn-field be its moll ufual place of growth, it is neverthelefs frequently found on dry banks and
on walls, and according to fuch fituations it varies extremely in its foliage, but conftantly letains two of its
ffriking charatlers, viz. the round or rather urn-fhaped form of Caplules, and the piojecling bans on
the flowering ftem; thefe always diftinguifli it from the dubium, to whicn it is very neai.y allied.
It flowers from June to Augufl. \j \
>/'\ . M ■ /■
J A C/ /7M/J Betonica Officinalis. ‘Wood Betony.
BETONICA Linn.Gen.PL Didynamia Gymnospermia. Cal ariflatus.' Corollae lab. fuper. adfcen-
dens, planiufculum. Tubus cylindricus. P
Raii Syn. Gen. 14. Suffrutices et Herbal Verticillat .e.
officinalis fpica interrupta, corollarum lacinia labii intermedia emarginata. Linn. Spec. Pl.
p. 810. FI. Suecic. n. 515.
BETONICA foliis petiolatis, imis cordatis, fuperioribus ovatis, crenatis, fpica brevi, foliis infidente.
Haller Hifl. n. 264.
BETONICA officinalis. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 422.
BETONICA purpurea. Bauhin Pin.
BETONICA vulgaris flore purpureo Parkinf.p. 238. Ger. emac. 714. Raii Syn. p. 238. Wood-Betony.
Hudfon FI Angi. ed. 2.
Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 311.
RADIX perennis, crafiltie minimi digiti, horizontalis,
fubiignofa, e luteo fufca, tranfverfim rugofa,
fibris plurimis albidis, tenacibus, fibrillofis,
alte defcendentibus inbruda.
CAULIS pedalis aut ultra, ereftus, plerumque (im-
plex, in hortis ramofus, tetragonus, angulis
obtufis, lateribus duobus magis excavatis,
fcabriufculus pilis rigidulis, deorfum verfis,
fub appreflis, geniculatus, geniculis fuperne
remotis.
FOLIA radicalia longe petiolata, oblongo-cordata,
crenata, obtufa, venofo-rugofa, fubnuda,
undique minutim pun6lata, pun6tis excavatis,
margine ciliata, caulina oppofita, angubiora,
potius ferrata quam crenata, reflexa, margi-
nibus faepius revolutis.
FLORES purpurei, fpicati.
SPICA terminalis, oblonga, e plurimis verticillis fef-
filibus, approximatis compofita, inferioribus
faepius remotis.
BRACTEAE plurimae, verticillis fubje&ae, lanceolatae,
calyce paulo breviores.
CALYX: Perianthium tubulatum, interne villofum,
turbinatum, quinquedentatum, aribatum,
perfibens, Jig, 1.
COROLLA monopetala. Tubus incurvus, infra glaber,
albus, fupra purpureus, extus et intus pubef-
cens, calyce longior. Labium fuperius fubro-
tundum, integrum, planum, ereftum, inferius
trifidum; lacinula media latiori, fubrotunda,
emarginata, Jg. 2.
STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, fubulata, alba,
pubefcentia, tubo longiora, quorum duo in-
feriora paulo breviora; Anthers e rubro
purpurafcentes, bilobae, lobis fubrotundis,
PISTILLUM : Germen quadripartitum; Stylus fub-
ulatus, albidus, glaber, baminibus paulo
longior: Stigma bifidum, fg. 4, 6.
KECTARIUM Jig. 5.
SEMINA quatuor, fufca, glabra, triquetra, latere ex-
teriore convexo, interiore gibbofo, Jig. 7.
ROOT perennial, the thicknefs of the little finger,
horizontal, fomewhat woody, of a yellowifh
brown colour, wrinkled tranfverfely, and fur-
nifhed with numerous, long, whitifh, tough,
fibrous brings.
STALKS a foot or more in height, upright, generally
fimple, in gardens branched, four-corner’d,
the corners obtufe, and two of the fides more
deeply hollowed than the others, roughifh,
the hairs fomewhat rigid, turning down-
ward and prefs’d towards the flalk, jointed,
the joints near the top of the balk removed
far from each other.
LEAVES next the root banding on long footbalks,
of an oblong heart-fhaped figure, bluntly
notched, obtufe, veiny and fomewhat wrink-
led, covered with few hairs, but dotted all
over with fmall hollow points, the edge fring-
ed with hairs, thofe on the flalk, oppofite,
narrower, and rather ferrated than crcnated,
hanging down, the edges generally curled
back.
FLOWERS purple, growing in a fpike.
SPIKE terminal, oblong, compofed of feveral febile
clofe whorls, the lowermoflof which are mob
commonly remote from the others.
BRACTAi. numerous, placed under each whorl, lan-
ceolate, and a little biorter than the Calyx.
CALYX: a Perianthium tubular, internally villous,
broadeb at top, having five teeth, which ter-
minate in five long points, and are permanent,
fig-1-
COROLLA monopetalous; the Tube bending inwards,
below fmooth and white, above purple, downy
both within and without, and longer than
the calyx: the upper Lip roundifii, entire,
fiat, and upright, the lower one divided into
three fegments, the middle one of which is
broader than the others, roundifii with a
notch in the middle, Jig. 2.
STAMINA: four Filaments, tapering, white, and
downy, longer than the tube, of which the
two lowermob are fomewhat the fhortefi;
Anthers of a reddilh purple colour, com-
pofed of two roundifii lobes, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM : Germen divided into four parts ; Style
tapering, whitifh, fmooth, fomewhat longer
than the Stamina; Stigma bifid, Jig. 4, 6,
5.
SEEDS four, brown, fmooth, three cornered, the
outermob fide convex, theinnermob gibbous,
fs- 7-
Antonius Musa, Phyfician to the emperor Augustus, wrote an entire book on this plant, whence it
began to be held in fuch efteem in Italy as to occalion the Proverb, Vende comfira la Betonica, that is,
Sell your coat and buy Betony, and when they wilhed to extol a perfon they would fay virtu, non
ha la Betonica, You have more virtues than Betony. Matth. 943- Ran 550.
The leaves andflowers of Betony have an herbaceous roughilh,fomewhat butenthtade accompanied with a very
weak aromatic flavour. This herb has longbeen a favourite among writers on the Materia Medica, who have not been
wanting to attribute to it abundance of good qualities. Experience does not difcover any other virtue in Betony
than that of a mild corroborant; as fuch, an mfufion or light decoftion of it may be drank as tea or a faturated
tindure in readied fpirit given in fuitable dofes. in laxity and debility of the vifcera and diforders proceeding
from thence. The powder of the leaves, fnuffed up the nofe, provokes fneezing, and hence Betony is (ometimes
made an ingredient in fternutatory powders; this effea does not feem to be owing, as is generally fuppofed to
any peculiar ftimulating quality in the herb, but to the rough hairs which the leaves are covered with. he
roots of this plant differ greatly in quality from the other parts; their tafle is bitter and very nameous; taken
in a fmall dofe they vomifand purge violently, and are fuppofed to have fomewhat in common with the roots
0l woods, about Town, and on fome of the heaths, flowering in July,
AR!vobfcdrvSclPtthTtb17is fometimes found with white and fomedmes with flefh-coloured bloffoms. ( JZ/s/r/tyj ///raZ/rs? . Stachys Sylvatica. Hedge-Nettle.
STACHYS Linn. Gen. PL Didynamia Gymnospermia.
Corollcß lab. fuper. fornicatum, lab. inferius lateribus reflexum, inter-
media majore emarginata, Stamina deflorata verfus latera reflexa.
Raii Syn, Gen. 24. Suffructices et herb.® verticillat^.
STACHYS Jylvatica verticillis fexfloris, foliis cordatis petiolatis. Linn. Syft.Veg.p. 447, Sp. PL
811. FL Suec. n. 526.
CARDIACA foliis cordatis ferratis, verticillis nudis, fpicatis. Haller Hiji. n. 216.
STACHYS Jylvatica. Scopoli FL Carniol. n. 706
LAMIUM maximum fylvaticum foetidum. Bank. Pin. 231
GALEOPSIS vera. Ger, emac. 709.
GALEOPSIS legitima Diofcoridis. Park. 608. Raii Syn. ed. p. 343. Hedge-Nettle
GALEOPSIS five urtica iners magna fcetidiflima. J. B. III. 853.
Hudfon FL Angi. ed. 2. p. 259. Lightfoot FL Scot. p. 312.
RADIX perennis, repens.
CAULIS ereftus, pedalis ad tripedalem, quadrangu-
laris, hirfutus, ramofus.
RAMI oppofiti, fuberefti, cauli fimiles.
FOLIA petiolata, cordata, acuta, ferrata, venofa,
utrinque hirfuta.
PETIOLI hirfuti, longitudine foliorum.
FLORES faturate at vivide purpurei, verticillati, laxe
fpicati, verticillis fexfloris, brevibus pedicel-
lis infidentibus : ad fingulum geniculum fetae
duodecim, utrinque fex, floribus fubjeftae.
CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, campanu-
latum, hirfutum, vifcidum, punclis promi-
nulis fcabrum, purpurafcens, quinqueden-
tatum, dentibus acutis, patentibus, fupremo
paulo longiore, fig. 1.
COROLLA monopetala, ringens, purpurea, tubus
breviffimus, albus, fauce tenuior, apice
ftrangulatus, et interne villofus; Faux nitida,
fubcylindracea, paululum incurvata, fuperne
villis minimis adfperfa; Labium fuperius
ovatum, obtufum, integerrimum, inferne
concavum, fuperne convexum, vifcidulum,
Labium inferius majus, trifidum; albo pulchre
variegatum, lacinula intermedia fubemargi-
nata, replicata, fig. 2, 3, 4.
STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo
paulo longiora, purpurea, nitida, medio
paululum incraffata et pilofa; Anthers
primum obfcure violaceas, demum nigrican-
tes ; Pollen album, fig. 5.
PISTILLUM: Germen quadripartitum; Stylus
filiformis; fitu et longitudine flaminum;
Stigma bifidum, acutum, fig. 6, 7, 8.
NECTARIUM: Glandula majufcula, totam bafin
germinis cingens, fig. 9.
PERICARPIUM nullum ; Calyx continens
SEMINA quatuor, ovata, angulata, fig. 10.
ROOT perennial, and creeping.
STALK upright, from one to three feet high, fquare,
hirfute, and branched.
BRANCHES oppofite, nearly like the ftalk.
LEAVES {landing on footflalks, heart-fhaped, point-
ed, ferrated, veiny, hirfute on both fides.
LEAF-STALKS hirfute, the length of the leaves.
FLOWERS of a deep but bright colour, growing
in whorls and forming a loofe fpike, about
fix flowers in each whorl, fitting on fhort
flower-ftalks, at each joint twelve fetas or
fine pointed leaves, fix on each fide, placed
under the flowers.
CALYX: a Perianthium of one leaf, bell-fhaped,
hirfute, vifcid, rough with little prominent
points, of a purplifli colour, having five
pointed fpreading teeth, of which the upper-
mofl is fomewhat the longed, fig. i.
COROLLA monopetalous, ringent, purple, the tube
very (hort, white, flenderer than the faux,
flrangled at top, where it is villous on the
infide; Faux Alining, fomewhat cylindrical,
bending a little down, on the upper part
covered with numerous Aiort hairs ; the
upper Lip ovate, obtufe, entire, below con-
cave, above convex, and fomewhat vifcid,
the lower Lip large, trifid, beautifully vari-
egated with white, the middle fegment
(lightly notched, and having its fides folded
back, fig. 2, 3, 4.
STAMINA: four Filaments, two of which are a
little longer than the others, purple, fhining,
thickened a little in the middle and hairy ;
Anthers at firft of a dull violet colour,
finally blackifh; Pollen white, fig. 5.
PISTILLUM: Germen divided into four parts;
Style thread-fhaped, fituated with and of
the fame length as the (lamina: Stigma
bifid, and pointed fig. 6, 7, 8.
NECTARY: a largifh Gland furrounding the whole
bafe of the germen, fig. 9.
SEED-VESSEL none, the Calyx containing
SEEDS four ovate and angular, fig. 10.
In the parts of fruftification, there is a confiderable fimilarity betwixt this fpecies and the paluflris, but in
the form of its leaves it differs very materially.
It grows in almoft every fhady ditch about London and elfewhere, and flowers in June and July; its bio Homs
have fufficient beauty to recommend them, and they might perhaps be more an objeft of admiration, did not
the plant, on being in the lead bruifed, fmell difagreeably; if not bruifed, us fcent is rather of the agreeable
kind.
The Snail excepted, few animals appear to relifli it. Stachys Palustris. Clown’s Allheal.
STAGHYS. Linn. Gen. PL Didynamia Gymnospermia.
Corollae lab. fuper. fornicatum, lab. inferius lateribus reflexum, inter-
media majore emarginata. Stamina deflorata verfus latera reflexa.
Raii Syn, Gen, 14. Suffrutices et Herbie verticillatal.
STACHYS palujiris verticillis fubfexfloris, foliis lineari lanceolatis femiamplexicaulibus feflilibus.
Linn, Syjt, Veg,p, 447. Sp, PI, 811. FI, Suec, n, 528.
STACHYS foliis hirfutis, elliptico-lanceolatis, breviter petiolatis, verticillis fpicatis. Haller Hift,
n, 257.
STACHYS palujiris. Scopoli FI. Cam. n. 707
STACHYS paluftris foetida. Bauh. Pin. 236.
SIDERITIS Anglica ftrumofa radice. Park. 587.
PANAX coloni. Ger. emac. p. 1005. Raii Syn. p. 242. Clown’s Allheal.
Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 313.
Hudfon FI, Angl. ed. 2. p. 259.
RADIX perennis, repens, dolonibus plurimis, albis,
per terram in longum extenfis, quorum ex-
tremitates fub finem aeflatis in tubera intu-
mefcunt.
CAULIS bipedalis, ere&us, ramofus, fiftulofus, qua-
drangularis, lateribus planiufculis, angulis
hifpidulis, pilis deorfum verfis, geniculatus,
geniculis pilofis, purpureis.
RAMI cauli fimiles.
FOLIA oppofita, feffilia, fubamplexicaulia, lanceo-
lata, patentia, ferrata, fubrugofa, nervo me-
dio fubtus fcabriufculo.
FLORES verticillati, (picati, pallide purpurei, verti-
cillis decemfloris, ofto in circulum difpofitis,
uno utrinque fuperimpofito.
i
SPICA fpithamaea, erefta.
BRACTEAE ovato-acuminatae, integerrimae, hirfutae,
trinerves, deflexae.
CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum,
quinquefidurn, hirfutulum, purpurafcens, li-
neis decem elevatis notatum, ore patulo,
dentibus fubaequalibus, acuminatis, 1.
COROLLA monopetala, ringens, tubus breviflimus,
cylindraceys, pilis interne coronatus, faux
oblonga, comprefliu(cula, fubincurvata, punc-
tis duobus prominulis ad bafin labii fuperio-
ris, labium fuperius ereftum, fubovatum,
fornicatum, emarginatum, fuperne vifcidum,
labium inferius majus, trifidum, albo et pur-
pureo pulchre variegatum, lacinula interme-
dia maxima, concava, ftg. 2, 3, 4.
STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo
paulo breviora, ad lentem fubpilofa, medio
crafiiora, rubicunda, nitida; Anthers e
purpurco-nigricantes; Pollen album, Jig.
5. 6.
PISTILLUM; Ge rmen quadripartitum; Stylus
filiformis longitudine flaminum; Stigma
bifidum, acutum, Jig, 8, 9.
ROOT perennial, creeping, (hoots numerous, white,
extending under ground to a great length,
their extremities at the clofe of the fumraer
becoming tuberous.
STALK two feet high, upright, branched, hollow,
four cornered, the (ides (lattifh, the corners
fomewhat hifpid with hairs which turn down-
ward, jointed, the joints hairy, and purple.
BRANCHES like the ftalk.
LEAVES oppofite, feflile, (lightly embracing the
(talk, lanceolate, fpreading, ferrated, fome-
what wrinkly, the midrib on the under (ide
of the leaf roughifh.
FLOWERS of a pale purple colour, growing in
whoils which form a fpike, in each whorl is
ten flowers, eight placed circularly, and one
on each fide above them.
SPIKE fix or eight inches high.
FLORAL-LEAVES ovate and pointed, entire, hir-
fute, three-rib’d, and turned downward.
CALYX; a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, di-
vided into five fegments, {lightly hirfute,
purplifh, marked with ten elevated lines, the
mouth open, the teeth nearly equal and
pointed, i.
COROLLA monopetalous, ringent; tube very fhort,
cylindrical, crowned internally with hairs;
mouth oblong, fomewhat flattened and a little
bent, marked with two prominent dots at
the bafe of the upper lip; upper lip upright,
fomewhat ovate, arched, nicked, and vifcid
at top; the lower lip larger, divided into
three fegments, beautifully variegated with
white and purple, the middle fegment very
large and hollow. Jig, 2, 3, 4.
STAMINA : four Filaments, two of which are fome-
what fhorter than the other two, hairy when
magnified, thickeft in the middle, reddifh
and fhining; Anthers, of a purplifh black
colour; Pollen white, fg. 5, 6.
PISTILLUM; G ermen divided into four parts; Style
thread-fhaped, the length of the flamma;
Stigma bifid, and pointed. Jig, 7, 8, 9.
Gerard has been extremely lavifh in his praifes of this plant as a vulnerary, whence it has acquired its
name of Clowns Wound-Wort, or Allheal. He mentions the cafe of a labouring man, who in reaping cut a
deep gafh in his leg, which by the application of this herb was prefently healed, and which doubtlefs would
have healed equally foon from the application of any other fimple herb, or a little dry lint. In found confli-
tutions nature often performs wonders in this way, which generally are attributed to the application.
It behoves the Farmer to know it, as it is a very noxious plant in many Corn-fields, increafing very much
by its roots, which towards the clofe of the fummer become tuberous at their extremities ; it increafes alfo by
iced. Flogs are laid by Linnalus to be fond of the roots; when the crop is off, they may probably be turned
into thole fields where the plant abounds to great advantage.
It is nor confined to Corn-fields, but is often met with by road fides, efpeclally in moift fituaiions. It flowers
in July and Auguft. 20 S’ Scutellaria Galericulata. Common Hooded
Willow-Herb.
SCUTELLARIA Linn. Gen. PL Didynamia Gymnospermia. Calyx ore integro: poftflorefcentiam
claufo, operculato.
Rail. Syn. Gen. 14. Suffrutices et Herbie verticillat^e.
S CUTE LL ARIA galericulata foliis cordato-lanceolatis crenatis, floribus axillaribus. Linn. Syji. Vegetab.
p. 457. Sp. Pi. 835. FI. Suecic, n. 538.
CASSIDA foliis oblonge cordatis crenatis verticillis nudis bifloris. Haller Hijl, 280.
CASSIDA galericulata. Scopoli FI. Carniol. 74.
LYSIMACHIA caerulea galericulata, feu Gratiola caerulea. Bauh. Pin. 246.
LYSIMACHIA galericulata. Gerard, emac, 477.
GRATIOLA caerulea, f. latifolia major. Park, 221.
CASSIDA paluftris vulgatior flore caeruleo. Raii Syn. p. 244. Hooded Willow-herb.
Hudfon. FI. Angi. p. 265.
Lightfoot FI, Scot. 320.
RADIX perennis, tenuis, geniculata, alba, repens.
CAULES pedales aut bipedales, erefli, quadrati, la-
teribus concaviufculis, bilineatis, geniculati,
rigiduli, ramofi, ramis oppofitis, fubereftis.
FOLIA oblongo-cordata, obtufiufcula, inaequaliter cre-
nata, fuperiora acuta.
BRACTEAE duae, minimae, fetaceae, ad bafm pedun-
culi.
FLORES bini, fecundi, caerulei, villofi, fubtus albidi.
CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, breviffimum,
tubulatum: ore truncato, fquamula incum-
bente operculi indar claufili, Jig. x.
COROLLA monopetala, ringens. Tubus breviffimus,
retrorfum flexus. Faux longa, compreffa. La-
bium fuperius concavum, trifidum: Lacinula
media concava, emarginata; lateralibus planis,
acutiufculis, intermediae fubje6lis. Labium
inferius latius, emarginatum, fig. 2.
STAMINA: Filamenta quatuor, alba, medio craffi-
ora et ad unum latus villofula, duo breviora:
Anthers parvae, luteae, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM: Germen quadripartitum; Stylus
fuperne paululum incraflatus. Stigma fim-
plex, incurvatum, acuminatum, fig. 4, 5, 6.
PERICARPIUM nullum, Calyx bipartibilis, operculo
claufus, capfulae vicem gerens.
SEMINA 1 ad 4 fubrotunda, pallide fufca, fuperficie
fcabra, Jig. g, 10.
RECEPTACULUM feminum fubrotundum, fig. 8.
ROOT perennial, (lender, jointed, white and creeping.
STALKS from one to two feet high, upright, fquare,
the fides a little hollowed and marked with
two lines, jointed, ftiffiffi, branched, the
branches oppofite and nearly upright.
LEAVES of an oblong heart (hape, fomewhat blunt,
(landing on footftalks, rather wrinkly and
unequally crenated, thofe on the top of the
plant pointed.
FLORAL-LEAVES two, very fmall and fetaceous,
at the bafe of the flower (talk.
FLOWERS growing in pairs, one way, of a blue co-
lour, downy, and whitiffi underneath.
CALYX: a Pe rianthium of one leaf, very (hort,
and tubular; the mouth as if cut off, having
a fcale on it which feems to do the office of
a lid, fig* i.
COROLLA monopetalous and ringent. Tube very
(hort and bent backwards. Throat long, com-
preffed; upper Lip hollow, and trifid; the
middlefiegment hollow and nicked; the Jide
ones flat, pointed, and placed under the middle
one ; Lower Lip broad and nicked, fig. 2.
STAMINA: four white Filaments, thickeft in the
middle and a little villous on one fide, two
fhorter than the others; Anthers fmall
and yellow. Jig. 3.
PISTILLUM :Ge rmen divided into four parts, Style
towards the top a little thicken’d: Stigma
fimple, hooked, and pointed, Jig. 4, 5, 6.
SEED-VESSEL: none, the Calyx which fplits into
two parts, being clofed by its lid, anfwers
the purpofe of a capfule.
SEEDS from one to four, roundiffi, of a pale brown
colour, with a roughiffi furface. Jig. q, 10.
RECEPTACLE of the feeds B.
Botany would certainly pleafe more in the ftudy of it, were the Genera, as in the prefent inftance, diftin6lly
charafterized; the lingular and curious conftru6lion of the Calyx in this genus is very deferving of a minute
attention.
This fpecies of Scutellaria grows commonly on the edges of rivers and ponds, and flowers in June, July, and
Auguft,
It has a very increafing root, and hence Ihould cautioufly be introduced into the Garden.
Haller attributes to it the find! of Garlick, which it fcarcely merits. ya/s'/ra///t/s7y
y Antirrhinum spurium. Round-leaved Fluellin
ANTIRRHINUM Lin. Gen. PI. Didynamia GarbosP&iu&tA. /2« *^
Cal 5. phyllus. Corolla bafis deorfum prominens, neClarifera, Capfula 2-
locularis.
Rail Syn. Gen. 18. Herbae fructu sicco singulari, flore monopetalo.
ANTIRRHINUM ffurium foliis ovatis alternis, caulibus procumbentibus. Lin. Syji, Fegetab. p. 464,
Sp. Pl. 851.
ANTIRRHINUM caule procumbente, foliis villofis, ovatis, imis conjugatis, fuperioribus alternis. Haller,
Hift. p. 7 71.
ANTIRRHINUM fpurlum. Scopoli FI. Carnlol. 771.
ELATINE folio fubrotundo. Bauhin pin. 252. 533.
VERONICA foemina Fuchfxi feu Elatine em. 625
LINARIA Elatine dida folio fubrotundo.
Rail Syn. p.* 282. Round-leaved Female Fluellin,
Hudfon. FLAngl. ed. 2. p. 272.
The Antirrhinum fpurium bears fo great an affinity in its habit and fructifications (vid, Jig, 1, 2, 3.) to the
Elatine, that it would be fuperfluous to defcribe it minutely ; it is fufficiently diftinguilhed from that plant by its
leaves alone, which in this fpecies are always round, in that haftate, at leaft thofc of the ftalk, for in both Ipecies
the leaves next the root are roundiffi and generally indented; of the two the fpurium is the largeft plant.
Although Linn;eus has given it the name of fpurium, there is no reafon to fuppofe it the fpurious offspring
of the Elatine, as the two plants generally grow feparate. About Alton, in Hampfnre, thefpurium abounds in many
corn fields, without the lead: mixture of the Elatine; and about Coomb-wood.\ in Surry, the Elatine may be found in
plenty, without the leaft traces of the fpurium : while in feme counties they grow promifeuoufly in the fame field.
The round-leaved is by far the fcarceft plant near town ; I found it iaft July tolerably plentiful and in bloflom,
in a corn field betwixt Beckenham and Shirley Common. }
£// / t/ rr// / t u /// yiAsmy & Brassica Muralis. Wild Rocket.
BRASSICA Linnce.i Gen. PL Tetradynamia Siliquosa.
Cal. ere6lus, connivens. Sem. globofa. Glandula inter flamina breviora
et piftillum, interque longiora et calycem.
RaiiSyn.Gen.2\. Herbae Tetrapetala: Siliouosas et Siliculos.e.
BRASSICA muralis loliis lanceolatis,finuato-ferratis, laeviufculis; caule erefto, glabro. Hudfon FI. Angi,
p. 290.
ERUCA foliis glabris, pinnatis, pinnis linearibus diformibus. Haller Hijl. n. 461.
ERUCA fylveftris. Matt, in Diofic. p. 531. cum icone.
ERUCA tenuifolia perennis flore luteo, jf. B. 2. 861
ERUCA fylveftris. Gerard emac. 246.
ERUCA fylveftris vulgatior. Parkinfon 818.
ERUCA fylveftris major vulgatior foetens. Hijl. Ox.W. 230. Raii Syn. p. 296. Wild Rocket.
RADIX perennis, fublignofa, intra muros profunde
penetrans, vix evellanda.
CAULIS fefquipedalis, ereftus, ramofus, teres, bafi
fublignofus, perennans.
FOLIA pinnatifido-laciniata, glabra, patentia, odoris
ingrati.
CALYX priufquam flores aperiuntur quafi bicornis,
cornibus brevibus, pilo uno, alterove inftrud-
is ; flore aperto tetraphyllus, foliolis oblongis,
concavis, duobus cum apicibus gibbofis, deor-
fum tendentibus, duobus i, 2, 3.
«
COROLLA: Petala quatuor, majufcula, calyce
duplo longiora, unguiculata, erefta, flava,
fig. 4.
NECTARIUM: Glandulce quatuor, duo extra bafln
filamentorum praeter morem longae, apice ex-
trorfum incurvatae, duo intra bafin filamen-
torum breviora, fubrotunda, fig, 7, 8.
STAMINA ; Filamenta fex, quorum duo breviora,
fubulata, erefta, flavefcentia; Anther je in-
cumbentes, fubfagittatae, fig. 5.
PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, tenue ; Stylus
breviflimus ; Stigma capitatum, fg, 6.
PERICARPIUM: Siliqua fefquiuncialis, teres, utrin-
que linea prominenti notata,fg. 9.
SEMINA plurima, minuta, fufea, fubovata, compref-
fiufcula.
ROOT perennial, fomewhat woody, penetrating deep
into the walls, fcarcely to be pulled out.
STALK a foot and a half high, upright, branched,
round, at bottom fomewhat woody and pe-
rennial.
LEAVES pinnatifid and jagged, fmooth, fpreading,
of a difagreeable fmell.
CALYX before the flowers are expanded has the ap-
pearance of having two horns, which are
(hort, and furnifhed with one or two hairs ;
on the expanfion of the petals, it is compofed
of four, oblong, hollow leaves, two of which,
being gibbous at top hang down, and the
other two (land i, 2, 3.
COROLLA: four Petals, rather large, twice the
length of the calyx, clawed, upright, and of
a yellow colour, fig. 4.
NECTARY: four Glands, two placed on the outfide
of the bafe of the filaments, unufually long,
externally bent in at top, two placed on the
infide of the bafe of the filaments, (horter and
roundilh, fg. 7, 8.
STAMINA : fix Filaments, two of which are (horter
than the reft, tapering, upright, and yellowifti;
Anthers laying acrofs the filaments, and
fomewhat arrow-ftiaped, fig. 5.
PISTILLUM: Germen oblong, (lender, Style very
(hort; Stigma forming a little head,fig. 6.
SEED-VESSEL : a Pod about an inch and a half long,
round, marked on each fide with a prominent
line, 9.
SEEDS numerous, fmall, brown, fomewhat oval, and
a little flattened.
Matthiolus, one of the firft Botanifts who has taken notice of this plant, calls it Eruca fiylveftris, and has
given us a tolerable good figure of it, fufficient at leaft with his annexed defcription to identify it: Caspar Bau-
hine quotes this plant from Matthiolus, with this addition. Eruca fylveftris major lutea caule afipero, now there
certainly is no appearance either in the plant, in Matthiolus’s defcription, or figure, which juftifies thofe ex-
preflions ; for as Tournefort obferves in his Hijl. des plantes des environs de Paris, the branches have fome-
times a few fmall hairs on them, but by no means can they be called rough ; this defcription of Bauhine s has
therefore created much confufion, nor is the name of J. Bauhine, which Tournefort has adopted, peihaps
totally free from obje&ion; the term tenuifolia, though proper when placed as the oppofite to latifolia, in the
prefent inftance is liable to miflead. _ r . . _ .13
Did we entertain the leaft idea of the infufficiency of Matthiolus s figure or defcnption/louRNEFORT and Ray
have defcribed it with fo much accuracy as to leave no doubt of their being well acquainted with it; they both
particularize its difagreeable fmell; Tournefort’s expreflions a re, fion odeur approche de celle des huiles jetides
reEliftees fur la chaux vive; Ray’s, odor totiusplantafoetidus et ingratus, noftrisfialtem naribus: if any thing more
were wanting to their defcriptions, we might add fome peculiarities inks fructifications, as that the Calyx before
it opens appears to have two little fhort horns, from each of which iflue one or more fine hairs ; when the flower
is expanded two of the leaves of the Calyx ftand almoft upright, while the other two bend back, and that two
of the glands are uncommonly long. „ _ _ • 1 r j j-.*
Mr. Hudson in the firft edition of his Flora Anglica, calls this plant Brafiica Erucaftrum; m the fecond edition
he has made it a new fpecies; it certainly does not accord with Lin Nous’s Ipecific defcription of that plant; its
fructifications denote it to be a Brqffica, and it does not agree with any of the other fpecies of Braffica in Lin-
NxEus, I have therefore adopted Mr. Hudson s name. j r „ n 1
The Garden Rocket Braffica Eruca was formerly much cultivated in gardens for medicinal ufe and forfalads;
but is at prefent lefs common; the feeds have a pungent tafte of the muftard kind, but weaker, they have long been
celebrated as aphrodifiacs, and may probably have, in fome cafes, a title to this virtue in common with other
acrid plants, and this, as Ray obferves, was not only the opinion ofthe Phyficians, but alfo of the Poets of formei
times, which he illuftrates with the following quotations :
Martial. Et Venerem revocans Erucamorantem.
Columella. Excitat ad Venerem tardos Eruca maritos.
?he and about London, and is I Wive of general growth on mod of
the old walls and caftles throughout England; with us in particular it grows on the walls round the Tower at
fhe back of Bedlam, and near Hyde-Parf; it is alfo frequently found among rubbifh; it flowers during the greateft
part of the fummer. Cardamine Amara. Bitter Ladies-Smock.
CARDAMINE. Linn, Gen. PL Tetradynamia Siliquosa. Siliqua elaflice diffiliens, valvulis
revolutis. Stigma integrum, Calyx fubhians.
Raii Syn, Gen, 21. Herba tetrapetala siliquosa- et siliculosa.
CARDAMINE amara foliis pinnatis axillis floloniferis. Linn, Syjl, Vegetab. p, 497. p, 915. FI, Suec.
n. 586,
CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis, fubrotundis, angulolis. Haller Hifi. 474
CARDAMINE flolonifera Scopoli, ic. 39 ?
NASTURTIUM aquaticum majus et amarum. Bauh. Pin, 104.
CARDAMINE flore majore elatior. Tourn. Lift. R. H, Raii Syn. 291. Bitter CreiTes.
Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 294. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 350,
RADIX perennis, tenuis, albida, repens.
CAULIS pedalis ad bipedalem, ere&us, bad ftoloni-
ferus,, flexuofus, fubangulatus, glaber, ra-
mofus.
FOLIA radicalia magna, rotundata, fubintegerrima;
caulina fubere&a, pinnata, pinnarum paria
plerumque tria cum impari, pinnae oblongae,
angulatae, angulis denticulo terminatis, laeves,
margine ad lentem vifae minutim ciliatae, ex-
tima majori et in plures angulos divisa.
FLORES albi, pro magnitudine plantae, minores,
flofculis Cardamines pratenfis perquam fimi-
les, nunquam vero colorati.
PEDUNCULI ebra&aeati, teretes, laeves, alterni.
CALYX : Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis con-
cavis, ere&is, flavefeentibus, margine mem-
branaceis, 1.
COROLLA: Petala quatuor, fubere&a, alba, bafi
virefeentia, oblongo-ovata, fubemarginata,
plana, lineis profundis exarata, fig. 2.
STAMINA: Filamenta fex, quorum duo breviora,
fubulata, alba; Anthers incumbentes,
purpureae; apicibus convolutis, fig. 5, 3.
GLANDULAE ut in Cardamine pratenfi, fig. 7.
GERMEN compreflum, minute articulatum, longi-
tudine flaminum ; Stylus brevis, obliquus;
Stigma minimum, fig. 4.
PERICARPIUM Siliqua et Semina ficut in Cardamine
pratenfi, nifi majora, fig, 8, 9.
ROOT perennial, (lender, whitifh, and creeping.
STALK from one to two feet high, upright, at bottom
throwing out runners from the alae of the
leaves, crooked, fomewhat angular, fmooth,
(hining, and branched.
LEAVES next the root large, round, and almoft per-
feftly entire ; on the Jialk nearly upright,
pinnated, confiding for the mod part of
three pair of pinnae with an odd one, pinnae
oblong, angular, each angle terminated by a
fmall tooth or point, fmooth; the edge, if
viewed with a magnifier, appearing finely
ciliated, the terminal pinnae larger than the
others, and divided into more angles.
FLOWERS white, confidering the largenefs of the
plant rather fmall, very like thofe of the
common Ladies-fmock, but never coloured.
PEDUNCULES without any bra&aea, round, fmooth,
and alternate.
CALYX: a Perianthium of four leaves, the leaves
oblong, hollow, upright, yellowifli,
nous at the edge, and deciduous, fig. i.
COROLLA: four Petals, fomewhat upright, white,
with a greenifh bafe, of an oblong oval
fhape, llightly notched, flat, with lines
deeply engraven, fig. 2.
STAMINA: fix Filaments, two of which are
(horter than the others, tapering and white ;
Anthers incumbent, purple, the top
rolled up, Jig. 5, 3.
GLANDS as in the common Ladies-fmock, fig. 7.
GERMEN flat, finely jointed, the length of the fla-
mina ; Style (hort and oblique; Stigma
very minute, fig. 4.
SEED-VESSEL: Pod and Seeds fimilar to thofe of the
common Ladies-fmock, but larger, fig. 8, 9.
The Cardamine amara differs from the pratenfis in divers refpe&s, yet its affinity is fo conffderable as often
to occafion its being miftaken for it; if the following characters, which diftinguiffi it in particular from that
plant, are attended to, the ffudent will not eaffly be miffed.
The Cardamine pratenjis is a plant common in almoft every wet meadow, this on the contrary is much more
local, and rather affeCls to grow on the edges of rivulets and ftreams of water, than in the open meadow; the
ftalk-leaves of the pratenfis are ufually narrow, the Tides clofing almoft together, thefe on the contrary are large,
broad, and very angular, more refembling indeed the water-crefs, from which fimilarity this plant has obtained
among the old Botanifts the name of Nqfiurtium; it is in every refpeCl a larger plant than the pratenfis, its blof-
foms excepted, which are nearly of the fame ffze; and, as in the pratenfis they are always of a purple colour,
more or lefs deep, fo in this they are always perfeClly white; the anthers, which in thz pratenfis are of a yellow
colour, here form a ftriking contraft, and appear of a deep purple, and that, fo far as I have obferved, invariably,
the tips of them are alfo more curled up ; the ftyle, which in the pratenfis is upright, in the amara has an unufual
obliquity in it, which I believe has not been noticed ; towards the bottom of the ftalk the amara is more difpofed
to throw out runners from the alae of the leaves than the pratenfis, but this charaCler depends, in a conffderable
degree, on the circumftances of fituation, &c. the pratenfis has a fimilar difpofftion in degree, and I
have Teen it throw out roots from the midrib of the bottom leaves.
This plant may be confidered as one of our plants rariores, I have noticed it here and there on the banks of
the Thames, and the creeks running from it about Batterfea and Chelfea, Mr. Alchorne has obferved it about
Lewifham, and in ihe neighbourhood of Uxbridge it grows in abundance.
It flowers in May, and ripens its feed in June,
Its virtues and ufes remain to be difeovered; it has a ftrong biting taffe of the crefs kind, but not that degree
ofbitternefs which would juftify the epithet amara* jr}S
Gr/« m/mt amara. J7S
Ctf/'t/tfW/W ? w/fJh / A f. Cardamine Pratensis. Common Ladies-Smock.
CARDAMINE. Linn, Gen, PL Tetradynamia Siliquosa Siliqua elaflice dilTiliens valvulis revo-
lutis, Stigma integrum. Cal, fubhians.
Rail Syn. Gen. 21. Herbie tetrapetalje et siticulosas
CARDAMINE pratenfis foliis pinnatis: foliolis radicalibus fubrotundis, caulinis lanceolatis, Linn.
Syft. Vegetab. p. 497. Sp. PI. 915. fl. Suec. n. 585.
CARDAMINE foliis pinnatis, radicalibus fubrotundis, caulinis linearibus. Haller Hiji. n. 473,
CARDAMINE pratenfis. Scopoli Fl. Cam. n. 819.
NASTURTIUM pratenfe magno flore. Bank. p. 104
FLOS CUCULI. Bod. pempt. 592.
CARDAMINE. Ger. emac. 259.
NASTURTIUM pratenfe majus five Cardamine latifolia. Parkin/. 285. Raii Syn. p. 299. Ladies-
Smock or Cuckow-flower.
Hudfon Fl. Angl. ed. 2. p. 294. Lightfoot Fl. Scot. p. 349.
RADIX perennis, craffiufcula, alba, multis fibris te-
nuibus capillata.
CAULIS dodrantalis, eredus, apice parum ramofus,
teres, obfolete angulofus, laevis, firmus, pur-
purafcens.
ROOT perennial, thickifh, white, furnifhed with a
large tuft of fine fibres.
STALK about nine inches high, upright, at top a
little branched, round, fcarce perceptibly
angular, fmooth, ftiffifh, with a purplifh
tinge.
LEAVES next the root frequently imperfect, fpreading
in a circular form, pinnated, the pinnae
roundifh, running out into three unequal
angles or teeth, the outermoft largeft, and
having for the moll part five angles, hand-
ing on very fhort foot-ftalks and fmooth;
thofe on the ftalk pinnated, upright, the
pinnae numerous, growing thickly together,
fomewhat linear and hollow.
RACEMUS or Flower-bunch, terminal, furnifhed
with foot-ftalks, naked and fmooth.
CALYX: a Perianthium of four leaves, which are
oval, obtufe, membranous at the edge, hol-
low, the alternate ones gibbous at the bafe,
and i.
COROLLA crofs-fhaped, of a pale purple or whitifh
colour ; Petals inverfely ovate, flightlv
notched, claws of a yellowifh colour, the
length of the calyx, fig. 2.
STAMINA: fix Filaments, tapering, the two fhorteft
of which bend inward; Anthers heart-
ftiaped yet linear, incumbent and yellow,
M- 3-
NECTARY: four Glands, twTo of which furround
the bafe of the fhorteft filaments, and two
are placed on the outfide of the bafe of the
- long filaments.
PISTILLUM: G ermen cylindrical, and flender;
Style very fhort; Stigma forming a little
head, and not quite fo longas the flamina,.
„ _ fig- 4» 5*
SEED-VESSEL: a Pod, cylindrical, and fomewhat
flattened, of two cavities and two valves,
the valves in opening curling up, fig. 6, 7.
SEEDS numerous, flattened and yellowifh, fig. 8.
FOLIA radicalia faepius manca, in orbem fparfa, pin-
nata, pinnis fubrotundis, inequaliter triden-
tatis, extimo majori, et faepius quinque den-
tato, breviflime pedicellata, laevia; caulina
pinnata, ereda, pinnis plurimis, confertis,
fublinearibus, concavis.
RACEMUS terminalis, pedunculatus, nudus, glaber.
CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis ova-
to-oblongis, obtufis, margine membranaceis,
concavis, alternis bafi gibbofis, deciduis.
fig. 1. ..
COROLLA cruciformis, dilute purpurea feu albida ;
Petala obovata, fubemarginata, unguibus fla-
vefcentibus, longitudine calycis, fig. 2.
STAMINA: Filamenta fex. Tubulata, quorum duo
breviora, incurvata; Anthera cordato
lineares, incumbentes, flavae, fig. 3.
NECTARIUM : Glandulae quatuor, quorum duo fila-
mentorum breviorum bafin cingunt, duo ex-
tra bafin filamentorum longiorum locantur.
PISTILLUM: G ermen cylindraceum, tenue; Sty-
lus breviflimus; Stigma capitatum, fla-
minibus paulo brevior, fig. 4. 5.
PERICARPIUM: Siliqua cylmdraceo-compreffa, bi-
locularis, bivalvis, valvulis dehifcendo fpira-
raliter revolutis, fig. 6, 7.
SEMINA plurima, compreffa, flavefcentia, fig. 8.
The flowers of the Cardamine pratenfis were a few years fince introduced into pradice, and recommended as
ferviceable in various fpafmodic complaints by Sir W. Baker, in the firft volume of the MedicaI TranfaLlions,
fuch as the convulfive Afthma, fpafms of the abdominal and other mufcles, St. Vitus’s Dance, Epilepfy, &c.
the dofe recommended was from a fcruple to half a drachm or more of the powder of the dried flowers, to be
taken morning and evening.
From the difufe into which this medicine has fallen, it fhould feem that it had not anfwered the expeditions
of fucceeding praditioners neither here nor abroad. Vid. Murrays Apparat. Medicam. V. 2. p. 320.
It gives a name to the Papilio Cardamine or Orange-tip Butterfiy, which according to Linn.eus feeds on it.
Sometimes it is found with double flowers, in which ftate it is kept in the gardens of the curious, where
it requires a moift fhady fituation.
In the colour of its blofl’oms it is fubjed to much variation, they are ufually white, with a tinge of purple, and
ornament our meadows in the delightful month of May, as defcribed by Shakefpeare in Love's Labour lofi.
When daifies pyd and violets blue,
And cuckow-buds of yellow hue,
And Ladies-Smocks all fiver white
Do paint the meadows with delight, See.
It probably acquired its plain Englifh name of Lady-fmock from the white appearance which its bloffom gives
to the meadows where it abounds, refembling linen bleaching on the grafs:
c< When maidens bleach their fummer /’mocksp
a pradice very general formerly, when mofl families fpun and bleached their own linen. i£3 j
///////'////// , "
// '
*z/sr/>,j f/n Sisymbrium Sylvestre. Creeping Water-Rocket.
SISYMBRIUM Linnod. Gen. Plant. Tetradynamia Siliquosa.
Siliqua dehifcens valvulis recliufculis. Cal, patens. Cor. patens,
Raii Syn, Gen. 21. Herbie Tetrapetal./e Siliquosa et Siliculos^e.
SISYMBRIUM fylveftre filiquis declinatis oblongo-ovatis, foliolis lanceolatis ferratis. Linn. Syji.
Vcgetab. p. 497.
SISYMBRIUM foliis pinnatis, pinnis dentatis diditis. Haller Hiji. n. 485.
SISYMBRIUM Roripa? Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 823
SISYMBRIUM paluftre repens Nafturtii folio
Tournefort piant autour de Paris, p. 37,
ERUCA fylveftris minor luteo parvoque flore. Bauhin Pin. 98.
ERUCA quibufdam fylveftris repens, flofculo luteo. Bauh. Hijl, 2. p. 866.
ERUCA aquatica Ger. emac. 248. Park. 1242. Raii Syn. 297. Water-Rocket. Raii Hijl. p. 808.
Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 296.
Lightfoot FI. Scot. 351.
RADIX perennis, albida, tenuis, infigniter repens,
plurimis germinibus tuberculofa.
CAULES plurimi, pedales, fuberefti, debiles, inter-
dum purpurafcentes, glabri, angulato-llriati,
ramoii, ramis hirfutulis.
FOLIA radicalia pinnatifida, pinnis fubovatis, denta-
to-ferratls, laevia, petiolo purpurafcente, cau-
lina alterna, fubpinnatifida, pinnis lanceo-
latis, ferratis, integrifve.
PETIOLUS fuperne canaliculatus.
FLORES parvi, lutei.
PEDUNCULUS communis multiflorus, flexuofus,
Pedunculi proprii alterni, patentes, aut furfum
paululum curvati, filiqua plerumque longi-
ores.
CALYX: Perianthium tetraphyllum,foliolis ovatis,
concavis, ereftis, aequalibus, flavefcentibus,
fig. 1.
COROLLA: Petala quatuor, unguiculata, obtufa,
patentia, calyce paulo longiora, fig, 2.
NECTARIUM: Glandulae quatuor, faturate virides,
in circulum coadunatae.
STAMINA: Filamenta fex, quorum duo breviora,
fubulata, flava; Anthers incumbentes,
fig- 3- , . . v
PISTILLUM: Germen oblongum, teres, longitudine
flaminum,fig, 5, Stylus breviflimus; Stig-
ma capitatum, villofum, fig. 4.
PERICARPIUM: Siliqua brevis, vix femuncialis,
teres, furfum curvata, plerumque abortiva,
fig-6.
ROOT perennial, whitifh, (lender, remarkably creep-
ing, thickly befet with germs which give it
a knobbed appearance.
STALKS numerous, a foot high, nearly upright,
weak, fometimes purplifh, fmooth, fomewhat
angular and finely grooved, branched, the
branches very (lightly hairy.
LEAVES next the root pinnatifid, the pinnae or fmall
leaves fomewhat ovale, toothed or fawed, and
fmooth, the leaf (talk purplilh, leaves on the
ftalk alternate, ferrated or entire.
FLOWER-STALK hollowed above.
FLOWERS fmall and yellow.
FLOWER-STALK : the general flower-ftalk bent in
and out and fupporting many flowers, the
partial ones alternate, almofl ho-
rizontally, or bent a little upwards, generally
longer than the pod.
CALYX: aPe rianthium of four leaves, which are
ovate, hollow, upright, equal, and yellowilh,
fig. i.
COROLLA: four Petals, each having a claw, and
blunt at the point, fpreading and a little
longer than the calyx, fig. 2.
NECTARY: four glands, of a deep green colour,
united in a circle.
STAMINA; fix filaments, two of which are (horter
than the others, tapering, and yellow, An-
thers laying acrofs the filaments, fir. 3.
; PISTILLUM: Ge rmen oblong, round, the length
► of the (lamina, fig. 5, Style very (hort;
‘ Stigma forming a little head and villous,
► fig- 4-
I SEED-VESSEL a (hort Pod, fcarce half an inch
► long, round, bending upwards, generally
J abortive, fig. 6.
Tournefort in his Hiftoire des Plantes des environs de Paris, has defcribed our plant with much accuracy; it
appears from his account to be plentiful not only along the banks of the Seme, but in the courts befoie houfes,
and in mod moift fituations; it is alfo defcribed by Ray, in his Hifl. Plant; with us it is not of fuch general
growth, but in thofe fituations in which it does occur we find it in great abundance ; the watery part of Tothill-
Fields, Wejhmnfier, is over run with it; I fcarcely know any plant that requires to be introduced into a Garden
with more caution than this, efpecially if the ground be moift.
It continues to flower from June to September. Both Ray and Tournefort mention the feeds of this
plant- it is probable they found it growing in a dry fituation favourable to their ripening, the feed veffels which
I have had an opportunity of feeing have all proved abortive, which I lufpe6f is natural to the plant as it
increafes fo conliderably by its root.
This plant affords no ftriking generic charader, but may be referred to almoft any Genus in the order. Geranium Pyrenaicum. Perennial Doves-Foot
Cranes-Bill.
GERANIUM Linn. Gen. PI. Monadelphia Decandria.
Monogyna. Stigmat. 5. FruEius roftratus, 5-coccus.
Raii Syn. Gen, 24. Herbie vasculifer.®.
GERANIUM pyrenaicum pedunculis bifloris, foliis inferioribus quinquepartito-multifidis, rotundatis;
fuperioribus trilobis, caule ereclo. Linn. Syfl. Vegetab. p. 514.
GERANIUM pedunculis bifloris, foliis multifidis, laciniis obtufis, inaequalibus, petalis bifidis. Gerard,
FI. Gallo-prov. p. 434. fg. 16. 2. Hudfon FL Angi. ed. 2. p. 302. Lightfoot FI. Scot,
p. 367.
RADIX perennis.
CAULES fubere&i, pubefcentes, pedales, et ultra, ra-
mofi, geniculati, geniculis paululum incraf-
fatis.
FOLIA radicalia rotundata, hirfutula, venofa, margine
faepe rubicunda, feptemlobata, lobis fubtri-
fidis, laciniis obtufiufculis, mucronatis, in-
termedia majore; caulina oppofita, lobis pau-
cioribus, iifque podice magis remotis.
PETIOLI radicates, praelongi, teretes, pubefcentes,
fi difcindantur in extremitatibus fuis pun&a
quatuor alba exhibentes.
STIPULA ad fingula genicula quaternae, utrinque
binae, genicula ambientes, bifidae, vel trifidae,
rubentes, perfidentes.
PEDUNCULI pubefcentes, bifidi, biflori ; Pedicelli
longitudine pedunculi, bafi ftipulis quaternis
minoribus notati.
FLORES majufculi, purpurei, antequam aperiuntur
nutantes, poftea erefti.
CALYX; Perianthium quinquepartitum, laciniis
ovato-lanceolatis, brevi mucrone fufco obtu-
fiufculo terminatis, trinervibus> ciliatis, fub-
vifcofis, fig. 1.
COROLLA: Petala quinque, calyce duplo longi-
ora, obcordata, apice bifida, bafi villofa,
fig' 2*
NECTARIUM: Glandulae quinque flavefcentes ad
bafm Staminum, fig. 5.
STAMINA: Filament a decem, alba, apice purpuraf-
centia; Anthers ccerulefcentes; Pollen
album, globofum. Antherae extus pofitae pol-
len prae caeteris dimittunt, et dein decidunt,
nunquam vero 3*
PISTILLUM; Germen pentagonum, viride; Sty-
lus fulcatus; Stigmata quinque, longitu-
dine Antherarum, fig. 4.
FRUCTUS pentacoccus, Arillus carinatus, hirfutulus,
fi-S• 6.
SEMEN ovatum, fufcum, laeve.
ROOT perennial.
STALKS nearly upright, and downy, a foot high, or
more, branched, and jointed, the joints a
little fwelled.
LEAVES of the root of a roundifh figure, fomewhat
hirfute, and veiny, the edge often reddifh,
divided into feven lobes, each of which is
fubdivided into about three bluntifh fegments,
terminated by a Ihort point, the middle feg-
ment the largeft; thole of the /talk oppofite,
compofed of fewer lobes, and thole more
widely feparating behind.
LEAF-STALKS next the root very long, round, and
downy, exhibiting if cut acrols four white
dots on their extremities.
STIPULyE : four at each joint, two on each fide, fur-
rounding the joint, divided into two or three
fegments, of a reddifh colour and permanent.
FLOWER-STALKS downy, bifid, fupporting two
flowers; Partial flower-ftalks the length of
the general one, and furnilhed at bottom with
four fmaller flipulae.
FLOWERS largifh and purple, before they open hang-
ing down, afterwards becoming upright.
CALYX: a Perianthium divided into five oval
pointed fegments, terminated by a fhort brown
bluntifh point, having three ribs, edged with
hairs, and flightly i.
COROLLA: five Petals twice the length of the
calyx, inverfely heart-fhaped, bifid at top, at
bottom villous, fig. 2.
NECTARY :*five yellowifh Glands placed at the bot-
tom of the Stamina, fig. 5.
STAMINA: ten Filaments, purplifh at top, An-
thers blueifh ; Pollen white and globu-
lar. The outer row of antherae fhed their
pollen firfl and then drop off, but are never
infertile, fig. 3.
PISTILLUM: Germen five-cornered, of a green co-
lour; Style grooved; Stigmat a five, the
length of the Antherae, fig. 4.
FRUIT compofed of five prominent feeds, feed-cover-
ing marked with a prominent line, and flightly
hirfute, fig. 6.
SEED ovate, brown, and fmooth.
The great fimiliarity exifling between the prefent Geranium, the molle, and rotundifolium, has occafioned
no fmall confufion among the fynonyms of Authors, which as Haller obferves, are covered with impenetrable
obfeurity.
Neverthelefs an attentive obfervance of the plants themfelves, as they grow wild, will ffiew that they may be
diftinguilhed without any great difficulty. In treating of the molle which is the moft liable to be miftaken for
this fpecies, I obferved that it was fubjedl to many varieties, particularly in the colour of its bloflbms, that its
ftalks, always procumbent when the plant grew alone, were liable to grow upright among grafs and herbage,
and that in fome rich paftures the flowers approached almoft to the fize of thofe of the prefent plant,—Having
cultivated moft of our Englifh Geraniums, I can with certainty declare that the molle is ftritlly an annual, and
the pyrenaicum perennial; this then conftitutes an efl’ential difference between the two, befides, the pyrenaicum
ufually grows to twice the fize, its bloflbms alfo are more than thrice as large, it is never procumbent, but always
nearly upright, and it is likewife, with us at leaft, a much fcarcer plant.
Monf. Gerard in his Flora Galloprovincialis has the merit of firft giving an accurate defeription and figure
of this plant, he fuppofes it to be the Geranium columbinum perenne pyrenaicum maximum of Tournefort,
whence Linnaeus has given it the name of pyrenaicum; Mr. Hudson in the firft edition of his Flora Anglica
called it perenne, but in the laft he has adopted the name of Linn jevs, I have hitherto found this plant growing
wild in one fpot only, viz. in the dry part of the pafturage in Batterfea Fields, on the left-hand fide°of the
road as you pafs from London by the Thames fide, betwixt the Red Houfe and Chelfea Bridge.
In Chelfea Garden it comes up as a weed and is there found alfo with white flowers.
It blows in June and July. 169
(J y // M a lva Rotundifoli a. Dwarf Mallow.
MALVA Linncei Gen. PL Monadelphia Polyandria.
Cal. duplex: exterior triphyllus. Arilli plurimi, monofpermi.
Rail Syn. Gen. 15. Herba: semine nudo polyspermy.
MALVA rotundifolia caule proftrato, foliis cordato-orbiculatis, obfolete quinquelobis ; pedunculis
frudiferis declinatis. Lin. Syft. Vegetab. p. 520.
MALVA caule repente, foliis cordato-orbicularibus, obfolete quinquelobis. Haller Hift.n. 1070.
MALVA rotundifolia. Scopoli FI. Carn. n. 858.
MALVA fylveftris folio rotundo. B. Pin. 314.
MALVA fylveftris pumila. Ger. emac. 930.
MALVA fylveftris minor. Park. 299. Raii Syn. 251. Small wild Mallow or Dwarf Mallow.
Hudfon. FI. Angl. ed. 2. p. 307.
Lightfoot. Flor. Scot. p. 375.
RADIX annua, profunde defcendens, albida.
ROOT annual, ftriking deep into the earth, of a
whitilh colour.
CAULES plures ex una radice, proftrati, dodrantales,
pedales et ultra, teretes, pubefcentes, pur-
purafcentes.
STALKS feveral from one root, laying proftrate on
the ground, from nine to twelve inches in
length or more, round, downy, and moll com-
monly purplifh.
LEAVES alternate, Handing on footftalks, covered
on both fides with a fine down, flightly rough,
of a roundifh, kidney-fhaped form, ufually
divided into five or feven roundilh lobes,
ferrated at the edge, having generally on the
under fide feven ribs, thofe fartheft from the
root gradually largeft.
FOLIA alterna, petiolata, utrinque minutim pubef-
centia, fcabriufcula, fubrotundo-reniformia,
quinque vel feptemloba ; lobis rotundatis,
margine ferrata, fubtus fubfeptemnervia, ex-
trema fenfim majora.
PETIOLI teretes, elongati, pubefcenti-fcabri, fupra
fulcati.
STIPULAE duas, oppofitas, parviufculse, lanceolatae,
acutae, ciliatae, pubefcentes.
FLORES plerumque gemini, pedunculati, axillares,
pedunculis petiolis brevioribus, filiformibus,
teretibus, pubefcentibus, faepius inaequalibus.
t
LEAF-STALKS round, long, downy, with a flight
roughnefs, grooved on the upper fide.
STIPULyE two, oppofite, fmallifti, lanceolate, pointed,
edged with hairs and downy.
FLOWERS generally growing in pairs, connefted to
flower ftalks, which fpring from the alae of
the leaves, and which are (horter than the
leaf-ftalks, thread - (haped, round, downy,
and for the moft part unequal.
CALYX : a double Perianthium, the outer one
compofed of three linear tapering leaves,
bluntifh at the point; the inner one bell-
fhaped, downy, with a flight roughnefs, di-
vided into five fegments, of an oval pointed
fhape, upright, keeled, the edge ferrated and
(lightly waved, fig, 1.
COROLLA white, ftriped with reddifh veins, Petals
five, of a narrow wedge fhape, blunt, notched
at the extremity, a little longer than the
calyx, upright, nearly feflile, Jig. 2.
STAMINA: Filaments numerous, united into one
body, the column cylindrical, fmooth, fhorter
than the corolla, at top loofe.
ANTHERiE final], roundilh, prickly, hanging down
all 3.
PISTILLUM: G ermen orbicular, flattened, placed
below the receptacle of the corolla ; Styles
numerous, tapering, upright, fcarcely downy,
the length of the flamina; Stigmata Ample,
Jpg\ 4-
SEEDS as in the fylveftris, but fmaller. Jig. 5.
CALYX : Perianthium duplex, exterius triphyl-
lum ; foliolis lineari-fubulatis, obtufis; in-
terius campanulatum, pubefcenti-fcabrum,
quinquefidum ; laciniis ovato-acutis, ereftis,
carinatis, margine ferratis, i.
COROLLA alba, venis rubellis pifta. Petala
quinque, lineari-cuneiformia, obtufa, emar-
ginata, calyce paulo longiora, erefta, fubfef-
filia. Jig. 2.
STAMINA : Filamenta plurima, monadelpha ; co-
lumna cylindrica, glabra, corolla brevior,
fuperne breviter libera.
parvae, fubrotundae, echinatae, undique
nutantes,7%. 3.
PISTILLUM: G ermen orbiculatum, depreflum, in-
fra receptaculum corollae; Styli plures,
fubulati, eredi, vix pubefcentes, longitudine
flaminum; Stigmata 4.
SEMINA ut in fylveftri, at minora, fig. 5.
We meet with this fpecies of Mallow on dry Banks, alfo under Pales and Walls in great plenty; it is obvioufly
diftinguifhed from the common mallow by having a procumbent ftalk, and fmall white flowers flightly tinged
with red.
It continues to blow from June to September.
Haller and Scopoli defcribe the ftalk as creeping; our plant certainly does not creep. y o Lathyrus Pratensis. Meadow Vetchling.
LATHYRUS Linn. Gen. FI. Diadelphia Decandria.
Stylus planus, fupra villofus, fuperne latior.
Cal. laciniae fuperiores 2 breviores.
Raii Syn. Gen. 23. Herbae flore papilionaceo seu leguminos^e.
LATHYRUS pratenfis pedunculis multifloris, cirrhis diphyllis fimplicidimis: foliolis lanceolatis,
Linn. Syfi. Vegetab. p. 552. Sp. Pl. p. 1033.
LATHYRUS fcapis multifloris, foliis lanceolatis, capreolis fimplicibus. Haller Hifi. 436.
LATHYRUS pratenfis. Scopoli FL Carniol. p. 64.
LATHYRUS fylvedris luteus, foliis viciae. Bauhin. Pin. 344,
LATHYRUS luteus fylvedris dumetorum. Bauh. Hifi. 2. p, 304. t. 304.
LATHYRUS fylvedris flore luteo. Ger. emac. 1231. Park. 1062. Raii Syn. p. 320. Tare-ever-
lading, common yellow badard Vetchling.
Hud/on. FI. Angi. p. 317. ed. 2. Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 391. Oeder FI. Dan. ic. 527.
RADIX perennis, albida, repens.
CAULIS pedalis, etiam tripedalis et ultra, debilis,
cirrhis fuflentatus, angulatus, lubpilofus, ra-
mofus.
FOLIA bina, lanceolata, trinervia, fubtus villofula.
4
PETIOLI trigoni, fubpilofi, longitudine ffipularum.
STIPULAE femifagittatae, latitudine foliorum, hamis
duobus fubinde inllrutti.
PEDUNCULI tetragoni, longi, fubo&oflori.
FLORES lutei, erefti, racemofi, fecundi,
PEDICELLI teretes, villofi, longitudine calycis.
CALYX: Perianthium monophyllum, tubulatum,
breve, cylindraceum, fubpilofum, quinque-
dentatum, dentibus acuminatis, inferioribus
longioribus, furfum paulifper curvatis, fig. 1.
COROLLA papilionacea, vexillum fubemarginatum,
reflexum, prope bafm fuperne foveis duabus
intus prominentibus notatum, fig. 2. Alce
duae; apice rotundatae, fig. 3. Carina longi-
tudine alarum, fig. 4.
STAMINA: Fi lamenta diadelpha, fimplex et no-
vemfidum, fig. 5, 6. affurgentia; Anthers
fubrotundae, flavae.
PISTILLUM: G ermen viride, compreffum, oblon-
gum ; Stylus ereftus, fuperne latior, apice
acuto; Stigma a medietate flyli ad apicem
antice villofum, fig. 7. a fculptore male ex-
preffum.
PERICARPIUM: Legumen fefquiunciale, compref-
fum, nigricans, continens Semina 06I0 ad
duodecim, fubrotunda.
ROOT perennial, whitifh and creeping.
STALKS a foot high, fometimes even three feet or
more, weak, fupported by its tendrils, angu-
lar, (lightly hairy, and branched.
LEAVES growing in pairs, lanceolate, having three
ribs, and (lightly downy underneath.
LEAF-STALKS three cornered, fomewhat hairy, the
length of the ftipulae.
STIPUL/E in the (hape of an half arrow, the breadth
of the leaves, fometimes having two projec-
tions behind.
FLOWER-STALK > four cornered, long, fupporting
about eight flowers.
FLOWERS yellow, upright, growing in a bunch, all
one way.
PARTIAL FLOWER-STALKS round, villous, the
length of the calyx.
CALYX: a Pe rianthium of one leaf, tubular, fhort,
cylindrical, fomewhat hairy, furnilhed with
five teeth, which are long and pointed, the
lowermofl longeff, and bent a little upwards.
COROLLA papilionaceous, Standard (lightly notch-
ed, turned back, on the upper fide near the
bafe marked with two little cavities which
project inwards, fig. 2. Wings rounded at top,
fig. 3. Keel the length of the wings, fig. 4.
STAMINA: ten Filaments, riling upwards, nine
united together, and one forming a feparate
body, fig. 5, 6. Anthers roundifh and
yellow.
PISTILLUM: Germen green, flattened, oblong;
Style upright, broadell above with a point-
ed top; Stigma from the middle of the
flyle to the top villous on the fore part, fig•
7. badly expreffed in the engraving.
SEED-VESSEL : a Pod an inch and a half long, flat-
tened, of a blackifh colour, containing from
eight to twelve roundifh Seeds.
The following obfervations on this plant by the ingenious author of Effays relating to Agriculture and rural
affairs, will not be unacceptable to fuch of our readers as are fond of Hufbandry and rural improvements;
before I had feen his remarks, I had often thought it a plant which at lead deferved a trial, and might, in
particular foils, be cultivated to advantage. 1 remember once in particular to have feen a piece of did foil
belonging to Lord Loughborough, at his feat near Mitcham, which produced an excellent crop of padurage,
confifting chiefly of this plant, and the Feftuca pratenfis.
It grows very frequently in padures and hedges, and flowers in June and July.
“ The common yellow Vetchling, Lathyrus pratenfis, or Everlaftmg-Tare, might likewife be on many occa-
“ fions cultivated with profit by the farmer. It grows with great luxuriance in It.ff-clayey foils and continues
“to yield annually for any length of time, a great weight of forage which is deemed to be of the very beft
“ quality; as it is equally fit for pafture or for hay, the farmer wou d have it in his power to appjv it to the
“ one or the other of thefe ufes, at any period that might beft fuit his convenience.—lt is likewife attended <( with this farther advantage, that as it continues to grow with equal vigour in the end of fummer as in the
« beginning thereof, it would admit of being paftured upon in the fpring, till the middle or even the end of
{S May, (hould it be necelfary, without endangering the lofs of the crop of hay: which cannot poflibly be done
with rye-grafs, or any other plant ufually cultivated by the farmer, except clover; which is equally unfit for
ft early paliure or for hay. This plant would be the more valuable to the farmer that it grows to the greateft
(( perfe6lion on fuch foils as are altogether unfit for producing fain-foin; the only plant hitherto cultivated that
(t feems to poflefs qualities approaching to thofe of this one.—lt mufl, however, be acknowledged, that the
*£ difficulty of procuring feeds of this plant in abundance, mufl be a very great bar to the general cultivation
« thereof: for although thefe ripen very well in our climate, yet the quantity that it produces is fo inconfider-
fc able, and the difficulty of getting them feparated from the pod is fo great, as to make it neceffary to gather
unbranched, finooth, green, or purplifh.
\ STIPULAE ovate and pointed, veiny, the veins
purplifh.
► LEAVES growing three together, variable as to their
fhape, being fometimes ovate and blunt,
fometimes inverfely heart-fhaped and notch-
ed at the end, fharply fawed round the
edge, of a green or purplifh colour, and ha-
ving mofl commonly a whitifh mark in the
centre.
FLOWER-STALKS very long, upright, andftriated.
FLOWERS generally white, but fometimes purplifh,
growing in a clufter, the young ones up-
right, the old ones hanging down and be-
coming brown.
HEADS large, efpecially in the cultivated plant, and
of a round fhape.
CALYX: a Per ianthium of one leaf, having tea
teeth, generally coloured, marked with ten
ribs, the teeth briftle-fhaped, the two upper-
moft fomewhat the longeft. fig, i.
COROLLA papilionaceous, twice the length of the
calyx ; Standard oblong, flightly notched
at the extremity, and turning back, fig. 2.
Wings two, much fhorterthan the ftandard,
fig- 3- Keel very fhort, divided at the bafe*
fig. 4.
STAMINA : ten Filaments, one fingle, the reft
united into one bodv, fig. 5, 6. Anthers
fmall, and yellow.
PISTILLUM: Germen oblong, roundifh; Style
tapering, the length of the germen; Stigma
yellowifh, forming a little head, fig. 7.
SEED-VESSEL : an oblong, round, jointed pod, fig 9
8. terminating in a point and containing
SEEDS from two to four, fig. g.
The creeping or Dutch Clover may be confidered as one of our mofl valuable Britilh plants, the greateft
part or toe leed uied in tms country is imported from Holland, where it is cultivated on account of its feed
and hence it has acquired the name of Dutch Clover; as it is a plant which grows naturally wild in this
country, on dry gravelly, and indifferent foils, it is probable it might alfo be cultivated for the fame purpofe
in many parts oi Great-Britain, where land and labour are cheap, and that to great advantage
The quantity of feed fold annually in this country is aflonifiiingly great, Meffrs. Dermer
who co not particularly deal in this article, fell every year forty or fifty tons weight of it
Thofe plants which have creeping roots or (talks have the advantage of mod others in’ point of growth
and when a p ant of this kind, growing naturally in a barren foil, comes to have the advantage of cultivation*
it flounfhes amazingly, fo does the Dutch Clover, a fmgle feedling of which I have known in a garden to
cover more ground than a yard fquare, in one fummer. 6
Although this plant does not grow fo tall as fome others, yet the vaft number of (talks, leaves, and bloffoms
which it throws out, produces a great bottom m a paflure, and thereby (lamps a particular value on it
.ltlS J P/an* how?ver wl].ich makes any great figure in the fpring, but its chief excellence confifts in
its producing herbage in dry fummers, late in the feafon. when mod of the graffes are burnt up it then
covers the fields with a beautiful verdure, and affords plenty of food to the cattle, or hay for a fecond crop
Inere is an idea very prevalent among farmers, that allies alone fpread on land will produce this plant
in abundance ; they do not know, or will not believe, that the plant previoufly exifled in the ground andl
only rendered larger and more confpicuous by the manure. 5 u 15>
Of the Trjjolmm repensI have obferved two remarkable varieties, viz. one with leaves of a deep purnle
colour, cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant, the other proliferous, having fmall heads oTleaves
growing out of the flowers, this I found feveral years ago on the left-hand fide of the canal leading from
Lwuhouje to Bromley ; there are hkewtfe feveral other varieties which depend on the richnefs and povertv ™f 2 ■ c yf/L/sraao' a. Medicago Arabica. Heart Medick, or Claver
MEDICAGO Linn. Gen, PL Diadelphia Decandria. Legumen compreflum, cochleatum, Carina
corollae a vexillo defle&ens.
Rail Syn, Gen, 23» Herbas flore papilionaceo seu leguminosa:.
MEDICAGO polymorpha leguminibus cochleatis, ftipulis dentatis caule difiufo. Linn, Syfl Veretah
P' 577- SP• PL 1097-
MEDICA foliis emarginatis, ferratis, racemis paucifloris, filiquis globofis echinatis. Haller Hifl
n. 383. " ‘ J
MEDICAGO polymorpha, Scopoli FI. Carn, n. 942
TRIFOLIUM cochleatum folio cordato maculato. Bauhin. Pin. 329.
TRIFOLIUM cordatum Ger. emac. 1190. Park. 1115. Syn. 333. Heart Trefoil or Claver.
j
Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 331.
RADIX annua, fibrofa.
CAULES plures, pedales, et ultra, procumbentes, an-
gulati, ftriati, purpurafceni.es, piiofi, ramofi.
ROOT annual and fibrous.
STALKS numerous, about a foot in length, or more,
procumbent, angular, ftriated, purplifh,
hairy, and branched.
LEAVES growing three together, inverfely heart-
fhaped, terminated by a fhort point, faintly
fawed, fmooth, with a purple fpot in the
middle of each.
FOLIA terna, obcordata, mucronata, obfolete ferrata
laevia, macula purpurea in medio notata.
PETIOLI fuperne canaliculati, piiofi.
STIPULJE binae, femifagittatae, ferratae.
LEAF-STALKS above grooved and hairy.
STIPULE two, the fhape of half an arrow, and fer-
rated.
FLORES plerumque bini, pedicellati, pedunculis tere-
tibus, pilofis, petiolis brevioribus; Bradlcea
minima, ad bafm cujufvis pedicelli, et feta
pilofa inter flofculos longitudine florum.
FLOWERS growing generally two together, handing
on foot-flalks which are round, hairy, and
fhorter than the foot-ftalks; Bra,Sicca very
fmall, at the bafe of each- flower-ftalk, and a
hairy feta or briftle betwixt the flowers of
the fame length with the flowers,
CALYX : a Perianthium of one leaf, tubular, fome-
what bell-fhaped, hairy, divided half way
down in five fegments, which are pointed,
nearly equal and purplifh, Jig. 1.
COROLLA papilionaceous, and yellow; Standard
roundifh, notched at the end, and turning
back, marked at its bafe with lines of a
CALYX: Per ianthium monophyllum, tubulofum,
fubcampanulatum, pilofum, femiquinque-
fidum, laciniis acuminatis, fubaequalibus,
purpurafcentibus, fig. 1.
COROLLA papilionacea, flava; Vexillum fubrotun-
dum, emarginatum, reflexum, lineis faturate
flavis ad bafin notatum, Jig, 2. Alce duae,
parvae, vexillo breviores, croceae, apice
paulo fecedentes. Carina concava, obtufa,
alis paulo longior.
deeper yellow colour, fig. 2. Wings two, fmall,
fhorter than the flandard, faffron coloured,
feparating a little from one another at the
tips. Keel hollow, blunt, a little longer than
the wings.
STAMINA: Filaments uniting into two bodies al-
mofl to the tips, tube bending upward; An-
thers very minute and yellow, fig. 3, 4.
PISTILLUM: G ermen green^oblong, below where
the flyle begins notched, foon fpirally twifl-
ing itfelf, and from its upper part throwing
out little fpines; Style tapering, upright;
Stigma terminal, and very minute. Jig. 3, 6,
STAMINA: Filamenta diadelpha, coalita fere ad
apices, tubus furfum curvatus ; Anthers
minimae, flavae, Jig. 3, 4.
PISTILLUM: Germen viride, oblongum, fubtus
ubi ftylus incipit emarginatum, cito fefe fpi-
raliter contorquens, et fuperne fpinulas a-
gens; Stylus fubulatus, ereftus; Stigma
terminale, minimum, Jig. 5, 6,
PERICARPIUM: Legumen fubrotundo-cylindrace-
um, utrinque truncatum, fpinulofum, fpira-
liter contortum. Jig. 7.
SEMEN majufculum, reniforme, flavefcens, Jig, 8.
SEED-VESSEL : a Pod of a roundifh cylindrical
fhape, cut off at each end, fpinoUs, and fpi-
rally twilled 7.
SEED rather large, kidney-fhaped, and yellowifli.
fg- 8.
The plant here figured is intended to reprefent the Trifolium cochleatum folio cordato maculato of Bauhine
and Ray and the Medicago polymorpha var. arahica of Linnaeus ; how far it is in itfelf a variety, how far
Linnaeus and fome other authors are juftified in making fo many Varieties of one fpecies*, or how far others
are right in dividing one genus into fo many fpecies, efpecially Monsieur Gerard, it would ill become me
to determine; this plant, and this only of the prefent tribe as far as I have hitherto feen, is common in the
neighbourhood of London; future obfervation added to culture may perhaps enable me hereafter to fpeak
more decidedly on the fubje£l.
The prefent plant is fubjeft to confiderable variation in fize, as alfo with refpeH to the brightnefs of the
fpots on its leaves.
It flowers in May and June.
On the edges of Charlton Sand-pits it grows in very great plenty, and is not uncommon on banks and the
borders of fields in a variety of other places.
When it grows luxuriantly one is tempted to fuppofe that it would afford good fodder for cattle, it feeras at
leaf! to deferve a trial.
* As the orbicularis, fcutellata, tornata, turbinata> intertexta, ambita■, coronata, ciliaris, hirfuta, rigidula, minima, muricata ni:
apicem paululum incraflati. J
CALYX communis imbricatus, fquamis ovatis, acu- -
tis, glabris, apice rufis, carina ciliata pilis ,
rigidulis, jig. i.
COROLLA Compojita, imbricata; Corollulis herma-.
phroditis, aequalibus, numerofis, Propria mo-
nopetala, ligulata, truncata, quinque-dentata,.
tubo apice pilofo, Jig. 2, 3.
STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, capillaria; An-
THERiE in tubum coalitae, flavae.
PISTILLUM; Germen ovatum; Stylus filiformis,
longitudine Staminum; Stigmata duo, re-
flexa.
SEMEN oblongum, rufum, ftriatum, fig. 5.
PAPPUS ftipitatus, plumofus.
RECEPTACULUM paleaceum, paleae longae, nitidae,
membranaceae, concavae, Jig. 4.
This fpecies of Hypochceris receives its name of radicata from the length of its root, by which it is parti-
cularly diflinguifhed from the Leontodon autumnale, Linn, or Hieracium radice fuccifa of Bauhin; in its
falsification it agrees with the Hypochceris glabra already figured, fize excepted, the fame membranous Paleoe
fo obfervable in that plant ferve equally to chara&erize the genus in this fpecies, which is altogether as common
with us as the other is fcarce.
It grows on dry banks, alfo on heaths, in meadows and paffures, and in the early part of the Summer its
blofloms render it a very confpicuous plant in thofe fituations.
In barren foils, particularly on heaths, it is much fmaller than the plant here figured, but its hairinefs and the
fize of its blofloms will always prevent its being miflaken for the Hypochceris glabra. 14.5'
s/Z/Z/y/ Hypoch/eris Glabra. Small-Flowered
HAWKW E E D.
HYPOCHCERIS Lin. Gen. PL Syngenesia Polygamia aqualis.
Receptaculum paleaceum. Cal, fubimbricatus. Pappus plumofus.
Rail Syn. Gen. 6. Herba: flore composito natura pleno lactescentes.
HYPOCHCERIS glabra, calycibus oblongis imbricatis, caule ramofo nudo, foliis dentato-fmuatis
Lin. Syji. Vegetab. p. 601, Sp. Pl.p, 1140.
HYPOCHcERIS foliis glabris femipinnatis. Haller, Catal, Plant, Getting,. p, 421, Hill. Plant addend.
ad tom. 1. v. 3. p. 180.
HIERACIUM minus dentis leonis folio oblongo glabro. Bauh, Pin, 127.
HYPOCHcERIS chondrillo folio, parvo flore. Vaillant. ait. 1721. p, 214
HIERACIUM parvum in arenofis nafcens, feminum pappis denfe radiatis. Rail, Syn. 166.
HIERACIUM minimum. Col. ecph. I. 27. ic.
Hudfon FI. Angl. p. 303. ed. 2. p, 347.
Oeder FI. Dan. Ic. 424.
Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 442.
RADIX annua, craflitie pennae coracis, fufiformis,
paucis fibrillis inflru&a, pallide fufca.
FOLIA radicalia plurima, fupra terram expanfa, lon-
gitudine minimi digiti, et ejufdem circiter
latitudinis, finuato-dentata, ad apicem paulo
latiora, glabriufcula, margine praefertim pilis
hifpidulis ciliata, la&efcentia ; caulina pauca,
minima.
CAULES plerumque plures, fpithamaei, fubere&i, in
duos vel tres ramos divifi, glauci, teretes,
fubnudi.
PEDUNCULI fquamofi, fub floribus paululum in-
cralfati.
FLORES minimi, lutei.
CALYX communis, primum cylindraceus, perafla
flore centia oblongo conicus, magnus ; fqua-
mae laedes, imbricatim pofitae, ovato-lanceo-
latae, inaequales, apicibus rubris.
COROLLA compqfita, imbricata, uniformis; cor ol-
lulis hermaphroditis, aequalibus, numerofis ;
propia monopetala, tubus infundibuliformis,
apice hifpidulus, Jig. 3. limbus planus, quin-
quedentatus, Jig, 2.
STAMINA : Filamenta quinque, in tubum coalita,
fig- 4-
PISTILLUM: Ger men infra corollam propriam,
Jig. 6. Stylus filiformis, longitudine fla-
minum: Stigmata duo reflexa, jig. g.
RECEPTACULUM paleaceum, paleae concavae, lan-
ceolatae, acuminatae, nitidae, longitudine
pappi, deciduce, fig. 1.
SEMINA fublinearia, bafi acuminata, caftanea, Jig. 7.
lente vifa lineata, fcabra, Jg. 8. in radio fef
Jilia, in difco petiolata.
PAPPUS inaequalis, plumofus, rigidulus, jig. g.
ROOT annual, about the thicknefs of a crow quill,
tapering, furniftied with few fibres, of a pale
brown colour.
LEAVES of the root numerous, fpread on the ground,
about the length of the little finger, and of
the fame breadth, finuated, or deeply in-
dented, a little broadeft at top, fmooth, but
not perfectly fo, the edges particularly, being
thinly befet with ftiffilh hairs ; thofe on the
Jialk few, and very minute.
STALKS ufually feveral, about feven inches high,
nearly upright, divided into two or three
branches, round, almoft naked, and of a
glaucous colour.
FLOWER-STALKS fcaly, a little thickened under
the flower.
FLOWERS very fmall, and yellow.
CALYX common to many flowers, at firft cylindrical,
when the flowering is over, becoming of an
oblong conical (hape, and large ; the fcales
fmooth, placed one over another, of an oval
pointed lhape, uneven, the tips red.
COROLLA compound, the florets placed one over
the other, of an uniform lhape, hermaphro-
dite, equal, and numerous ; each floret mo-
nopetalous; the tube funnel-ftiaped, with a
few fiiffijh hairs at top, fig. 3. the limb flat,
with five teeth, fig. 2.
STAMINA; five Filaments united into a tube,
fig- 4-
PISTILLUM: Germen placed beneath each fingle
floret, fig. 6. Style thread-fhaped, the
length of the flamina: Stigmata two,
bending back, fig. 5.
RECEPTACLE chaffy, chaff hollow, narrow, point-
ed, Aiming, the length of the down, and
deciduous, fig. 1.
SEEDS nearly linear, tapering to a point at bottom,
of a chefnut co\o\xv, fig. 7, viewed with a
magnifier, finely grooved, and rough, fig. 8.
thofe in the circumference feffile, thofe in the
centre flanding on footfialks.
DOWN uneven, feathered, and ftiffifh, fig. g,
In the third edition of Ray’s Synopfis, there is an accurate account given of this plant, which he informs us
he omitted in his Hifi. Plant, not being certain at that period, whether it was not a variety of fome other plant
of the fame family. It muff: be admitted, that many of the plants of this clafs, very much referable one
another at firft fight, whence the fludent is apt to confider them as a difficult tribe.: but however ftrongly the
objeHion of a fimilarity of habit may be urged againft the Hypochceris glabra, whoever has once feen it in
bloffom, will never miftake it for any other; the flowers being remarkably fmall for a plant of this kind, uot
exceeding the fize of a filver threepence, while the heads containing the feeds, are altogether as largej in
proportion to the fize of the plant. This fimilarity of habit, may be one caufe why this plant is not oftener
found ; but a more particular one, perhaps, is the fliort time of the flower’s expansion, as it does not open
till about nine of the clock in the morning, and Ihuts again about one or two in the afternoon.
Haller’s account of the feeds of this plantis very juft: thofe in the centre have foot-ftalks, and thofe in
the circumference none ; hence this plant unites thofe genera, whofe chara&ers are drawn from this cffcumflance.
I have found this fpecies of Hypochceris in tolerable abundance on Blackheath, particularly under Greenwich-
Park wall, on the South fide. By Ray it is mentioned to grow, on the authority of Doody, in the fields
between Kingflon and Richmond; by Mr. Hudson, about Brifiol; near Norwich, by Mr, Pitchford; and
in Scotland, though rarely, by Mr. Lightfoot.
It delights in a gravelly or fandy foil, and expofed fituation; and flowers in June, Carduus Marianus. Milk Thistle.
CARDUUS Lin. Gen. PL Syngenesia Polygamia aqualis.
Calyx ovatus, imbricatus fquamis fpinofis. Receptaculum pilofum.
RaiiSyn.Gen. 18. Herbal flore ex flosculis fistularibus composito, sive
CAPIT AT AL,
CARDUUS marianus foliis amplexicaulibus haftato pinnatifidis fpinofis; calycibus aphyllis ; fpinis
canaliculatis duplicato fpinofis. Lin. Syjt, Vegetal. p, 605. Sp, PL 1153
SILYBUM nervis foliorum albis. Haller Hiji. n, 181
CIRSIUM maculatum. Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 130.
CARDUUS albis maculis notatus vulgaris. Bauhin Pin. p. 281.
CARDUUS mariae. Gerard emac, 1150.
CARDUUS mariae vulgaris. Parkinfon 976.
Raii Synop, p, 195. Common Milk Thiftle, or Ladies Thiftle,
Hudfon FI, Angl. Ed, 2. p, 353*
Lightfoot FI, Scot, p, 454.
ROOT annual.
LEAVES next the root, expanded on the ground,
from one to two feet or more in length, fi-
nuated, and pinnatifid, fhining, the edge
fpinous, on the upper fide painted with white
veins, which form a kind of net-work, but
fometimes wholly green ; leaves on theJlalk
partly furrounding the Hem, fpreading, the
uppermoft leaves bent back, the bafe of
each prefled clofe to the ftalk.
STALK from three to fix feet high, branched, at
bottom about the thicknefs of the middle
finger, downy, grooved, at top naked, and
finely channelled.
FLOWERS one on each ftalk, large and purple.
CALYX. The leaves which compofe the calyx are
various ; the lowermoft are of a roundifh
fhape, and edged with fpines ; the middle
ones edged with fpines towards the bottom,
and running out to a point, fpreading,
rigid, hollow on the upper fide, and ter-
minating in a yellowifh fpine ; the upper
innermoft leaves lanceolate, without fpines,
purple at top, and notched on the edges,
M- 1. 2, 3.
FLORETS funnel-fhaped ; tube very flender, bent,
and white, fig. 4. Limb ere6l, divided into
five fegments, at bottom fomewhat globular,
and fecreting a honey liquor withinfide, the
fegments linear, and equal in length.
STAMINA: five Filaments, very fhort, and fine:
Anther.® purple, united into a very flender
tube, Jig. 6.
PISTILLUM: G ermen oval, flattened, and white:
Style thread-fhaped, longer than the fla-
mina, crowned near the top with a circle of
fhort hairs, from thence grooved on each
fide, and bifid at top, Jig. 7.
SEEDS numerous, oval, fomewhat angular, fhining,
of a blackifh colour, crowned with a ftiffifh.
Ample, white down, growing obliquely.
RECEPTACLE hairy.
RADIX annua.
FOLIA radicalia fupra terram-expanfa, pedalia, bi-
pedalia, et ultra, pinnatifido finuata, nitida,
margine fpinofa, fuperne venis albis reticu-
latis pi6la, fubinde vero immaculata, Can-
lina amplexicaulia, patentia, fuprema re-
curvata, bafi cauli adprefla.
CAULIS tripedalis, ad orgyalem, ramofus, inferne
craflitie digiti intermedii, tomentofus, fili-
catus, fuperne nudus, ftriatus,
FLORES folitarii, magni purpurei.
CALYX : Folia quae calycem componunt varia, funt,
inferiora nempe rotundata, fpinis ciliata;
intermedia utrinque ad bafm fpinis ciliata,
acuminata, patentia, rigida, fuperne canali-
culata, fpina flavefcente terminata ; fuperiora
et interiora lanceolata, inermia, apice pur-
purea, marginibus fiflis, Jig. 1, 2, 3.
COROLLULAl. infundibuliformes, tubo tenuiflimo,
curvato, albo, fig. 4. Limbo ere6lo, quin-
quefido, bafi fubglobofo, nitido intus mel-
leum liquorem fundente, laciniis linearibus,
aequalibus.
STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, capillaria, bre-
viflima : Anthers purpureae, in tubum te-
nuiflimum coalitae, Jig. 6.
PISTILLUM: Germen ovatum, compreflum, al-
bum : Stylus filiformis, flaminibus longior,
prope apicem circulo villorum coronato,
dein utrinque fulcato et apice bifido, Jig. 7.
SEMINA plurima, ovata, fubangulata, nitida, nigri-
cantia, pappo obliquo, rigidulo, fimplici,
albido coronata.
RECEPTACULUM pilofum.
The beautiful milk-white veins which form an irregular net-work on the upper fide of the leaves of this
fpecies of Thijile, joined to its grandeur, render it an objeft which flrikes the attention of moft: and where
thefe veins exift, they ferve alfo very well to chara£lerife the plant: the leaves however are frequently wholly
green; in which cale, it becomes neceflary to have recourfe to fome of its other characters, than which none
are more confpicuous than the ftrong fpines which defend the blolfom.
The feeds are large, and contain a portion of oil, whence they have fometimes been made ufe of in emul-
fions; but they more often ferve as food for the Goldfinch, and other granivorous birds.
It is a very common plant on our banks, by the fides of roads, and among rubbifh, and flowers in May
and June. The variety with green leaves, I have obferved on the banks near Kennington turnpike.
Dia it not occupy fo much fpace, its beauty would recommend it as a garden plant. 14S
//u/wa/t/64 Bidens Cernua. Nodding Water-Hemp-
Agrimony.
BIDENS Linn. Gen. PL Syngenesia Polygamia aEqualis. Recept. paleaceum. Pappus ariftis
ereftis fcabris. Cal. imbricatus. Cor. rarius flofculo uno alterne radiante
inftruftus.
Raii Syn. Gen. 8. Herbae flore composito discoide seminibus pappo destitutis
corymbifera; dictae.
BIDENS cernua foliis lanceolatis amplexicaulibus floribus cernuis feminibus ereftis. Linn. Syfl. Veg.
p. 610.
BIDENS foliis feflilibus ferratis, floribus nutantibus circumvallatis. Haller Hiji. 120.
BIDENS cernua Scopoli FI. Carniol. p. 176. n. 2.
CANNABINA aquatica folio non divifo. Bauh. Pin. 321.
VERBESINA pulchriore flore luteo. I. B. II. 1074.
EUPATORIAE cannabinae fceminae varietas altera. Ger. emac. 711.
EUPATORIUM aquaticum folio integro. Parkin/. 596.
VERBESINA minima. Dillen. Cat. Gifs. 167. et App. 66. Raii Syn. ed 3. t. 7. f. 2.
Raii Syn. p. 187. Water-Hemp-Agrimony with an undivided leaf.
Hudfion FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 356.
Lightfoot FI. Scot. p. 463.
RADIX annua, fibrofa, fibris plurimis, majufculis,
alte defcendentibus.
CAULIS pedalis, bipedalis, et ultra, ere&us, ramofus,
hifpidulus, purpurafcens, rubro pun&atus,
inferne teres, fuperne fulcato-ftriatus, rami
oppofiti, fuberefti.
FOLIA oppofita, indivifa, modice connata, ovato-
lanceolata, patentia, ferrata, utrinque laevia.
PEDUNCULI ftriati.
FLORES e luteo virefcentes, demum cernui, plerum-
que radiati.
CALYX communis foliaceus, foliolis circiter feptem,
lineari-lanceolatis,ferrulatis,nervofis, reflexis,
corolla longioribus.
COROLLA: Petala exteriora decem circiter, ob-
longo-ovata, acutiufcula, nitida, e flavo-viref-
centia, apice, inflexa, lineis parallelis nigri-
cantibus pifcla, exempta margine ; Flosculi
in difco numerofi, aequales, hermaphroditi,
infundibuliformes, flavi; Tubus cylindraceus,
longitudine limbi feu paulo longior, Limbus
campanulatus, quinquedentatus, dentibus
fubfubreflexis, fig. 1, 2.
STAMINA: Filamenta quinque, capillaria; An-
thers nigricantes, in tubum laxum coalitae,
fig• 3-
PISTILLUM: Germen angulatum, fubconicum, al-
bidum, apice truncatum, fuperne e quatuor
angulis, ariftis quatuor longitudine fere flof-
culi inftrudum, Jig. 6.
SEMEN olivaceo-nigrum, obverfe conicum, tetrago-
num, angulis ariftifque retrorfum fcabro ha-
mofis, fig. 7.
RECEPTACULUM paleaceum Paleis ftrufturae peta-
lorum, lanceolatis, longitudine flofculorum,
fis■ 5■
ROOT annual, and fibrous, the fibres numerous, large,
branched, running deep.
STALK from one to two feet high or more, upright,
branched, fomewhat hifpid, purplifh, dotted
with red, below round, above ftriated, the
branches oppofite and nearly upright.
LEAVES oppofite, undivided, moderately connate,
ovato-lanceolate, fpreading, ferrated, and
fmooth on both fides.
FLOWER-STALKS ftriated.
FLOWERS of a yellowifti green colour, finally
drooping, generally radiated.
CALYX common to all the florets leafy, confifting
of about feven leaves, which are of a fhape
betwixt linear and lanceolate, finely fawed at
the edge, rib’d, turning back and longer than
the corolla.
COROLLA : the exterior Petals about ten in num-
ber, of an oblong ovate fhape, fomewhat
pointed, and bending in at the top, of a
yellowifh green colour, fhining and marked
with blackifh parallel lines except the margin,
the Flowers in the centre numerous, equal,
hermaphrodite, funnel fhaped and of a yel-
low colour; the Tube cylindrical, the length
of the limb or a little longer, the Limb bell-
fhaped, having five teeth which turn fome-
what back, fig. i, 2.
STAMINA: ft ve Filaments, very fine ; An thera;
blackifh, forming a loofe tube, Jig. 3.
PISTILLUM: Germen angular, fomewhat conical,
whitifh, cut off at top, furniftied above with
four beards or awns proceeding from the four
angles almoft the length of the flower, and
befet with little hooks bendingbackward,y%. 6.
SEED of a dark olive colour, inverfely conical, four
cornered, the corners and beards befet with
little hooks bending backward, Jig. 7.
RECEPTACLE chaffy, or befet with numerous lan-
ceolate leaves, having the ftrufture of the
petals, and being as long as the florets,5.
The genus Bidens of Linnaeus is chiefly charafterized by the ftrufture of its feeds, which according to its
name fhould be furnifhed with two teeth or awns ; to neither of our Englifh fpecies does this name however
well accord, as the one has generally three and the other four; the awns are furnifhed with fmall (harp hooks,
(a curious objeft for the microfcope) by means of which they often flick to ones clothes, and Mr. Lightfoot
mentions that they have been known fometimes to deflroy the Cyprinus auratus, or Gold Fifh, bv adherrins*
to their gills and jaws.
We have two fpecies of Bidens common in this country, viz. the tripartita and cernua; the tripartita is
common on the edge of almoft every pond, the cernua delights rather to grow in the water itfelf; in the ditches
about St. Georges-Helds, in the pond adjoining Hornfey-Wood, and in fimilar fttuations about London it is
very frequently met with ; it flowers in the month of September, a month later than the tripartita.
Like all other plants it is fubjeft to vary, being fometimes found without its exterior petals ; and fometimes,
in veiy dry feafons, when the fun has exhaled the water from the pond it has grown in, it has been found fo
dwarfifh as not to exceed two or three inches in height; a plant of this kind is figured on the plate, fir, 8.
Dillenius finding it in this ffate, defcnbed and figured it in his edition oTRay5s Synopfis, as a diflin6l fpecies ;
and Linnalus, probably relying on his authority, adopted it as fuch in his Species plantarum; but Haller’
who had feen the plant, very juftly confiders it as only a variety; and Mr. Lightfoot concurs with him in
opinion ; Mr. Hudson with his ufual inaccuracy in the fecond edition of his Flora anglica gives it as a variety
Ql tllC tl Z'pCL7*tztCl•
The floweis of this fpecies have a flrong and not a very difagreeable fmell, hence they promife to poffefs
tome medicinal powers; it is faid by Linn-rr? C4S Ophrys Ovata. Twayblade.
/
OPHRYS Linn. Gen. PL Gynandria Diandria.
NeEiarium fubcarinatum.
Raii Syn. Gen. 29. Herbie radice bulbosa pr^dit^e.
OPHRYS ovata balbo fibrofo, caule bifolio, foliis ovatis, ne&arii labio bifido. Linn. Syft. Vepetah.
p. 667. Sp. PL 1312. FL Suec. n. 808.
EPIPACTIS foliis binis ovatis, labello bifido. Haller Hijl. 1291. t. 37.
OPHRYS ovata, Bauhin Pin. 87. Ger. emac, 402.
BIFOLIUM fylveftre vulgare Parkinf, 504. Raii Syn. 385. Common Twayblade.
FL Dan. t. 137. Hudfon FL Angi. ed. 2. p. 388. Lightfoot FL Scot. p. 523.
RADIX perennis, fibrofa, fibris plurimis, teretibus,
cylindricis, contortis.
SCAPUS pedalis et ultra, folidus, teres, villofus, fub-
vifcidis, foliolis paucis perbrevibus, alternis,
acuminatis, vaginantibus inftruftus.
FOLIA bina, prope terram, inferiore bafi lua fuperi-
oris bafm ambiente, ovata, mucronata, quin-
quenervia.
FLORES herbacei, fpicati, laxe et diftinfte infiden-
tes.
SPICA praelonga, angufta.
Fig. i. ad 12. exhibent partes fructificationis ficut
per lentem apparent.
Fig. 1. ad 6. Flos antice vifus.
Fig. i, 4, 5. Petala exteriora latiora; 2, 3. interiora
anguftiora.
Fig. 6. Labellum Nectarii bifidum, in fitu naturali
faepius inflexum.
Fig. 7. Squama fuperior; fig. 10. Squama inferior,
(fuftentaculum Halleri) inter quas theca fla-
minum quali in forcipe continetur.
Fig. 12. Theca flaminum, cum flaminibus inclufis.
Fig. 8. Theca flaminum, demiflis flaminibus, fig. 9.
Fig. 15. Stamina cum Antheris bilamellofis, flavis,
feorlim exhibitis.
Fig. 11. Stigma.
Fig. 15. Pericarpium nat. magnitud.
ROOT perennial, fibrous, fibres numerous,' round,
cylindrical, matted together.
STALK a foot or more in height, folid, round, vil-
lous, (lightly vifcid, and furnilhed with very
fhort, alternate, pointed, (heathing leaves.
LEAVES growing in pairs, near the ground, the lower
one by its bafe furrounding the bafe of the
upper one, ovate, pointed, with five ribs.
FLOWERS of a greenifh colour, growing in a fpike,
fitting loofely and di(lin6lly.
SPIKE very long and narrow.
Fig. i. to 12. exhibit the parts of the falsification as
they appear through a magnifier.
Fig, i. to 6. a Flower feen in front.
Fig. i, 4, 5. the outer broadefl Petals; 2, 3. the
inner and more narrow ones.
Fig. 6. the Lip of the Nectary, which in its natural
fituation is generally bent inward.
Fig. 7. the fuperior Squama,; fig. 10. the inferior
Squama (the fuftentaculum of Haller) be-
tween which the cafe containing the (lamina
is held as in a pair of forceps.
Fig. 12. the Cafe of the (lamina, with the (lamina
enclofed.
Fig. 8. the Cafe of the (lamina, the (lamina having
fallen out, Jig. 9.
Fig 15. the Stamina with the Anthers compofed
of two lamellae of a yellow colour (hewn
by themfelves.
Fig. 11. the Stigma.
Fig. 15. Seed-Vessel of its natural fize.
To render the chara&ers of this genus, which are very difficult of invefiigation, eafy to the Botanic Student,
they are reprefented in a magnified ftate, and particularly referred to.
It will be feen on comparing, how very different they are from thofe of the Orchis.
This fpecies of Ophrys is the mod common of the whole genus, and may be found in mod of the Woods
about London, particularly fuch as have a moid foil, as about Shooter’s-Hill, and fometimes it is found in
Meadows and on Heaths.
A variety with three leaves is now and then met with.
It flowers in May and June. Typha Major. Greater Cat s-1 ail
TYPHA. Linn. Gen. PL Monoeci a Triandria.
Masc. Amentum cylindricum. Cal. obfoletus, 3-phyllus. Cor. o. Fem.
Amentum cylindricum, infra mafculos. Cal. capillo villofo. Cor. o. Sem. i.
infidens pappo capillari.
Rail Syn. Herbie non flore imperfecto seu stamineo.
TYPHA latifolia foliis fubenfiformibus, fpica mafcula femineaque approximatis. Linn. Syjt. Vegetab.
p. 702. Sp. PL 1377.
TYPHA clava unica. Haller Hiji. n. 1305.
TYPHA latifolia. ScopolL FL Carniol. p. 214.
TYPHA paluftris major. Bauh. p, 20.
TYPHA paluftris maxima. Parkinf 1204
TYPHA Ger. emac. 46. Raii Syn. p. 436. Great Cat’s-Tail or Reed-Mace. Hudfon FL Angl. ed. 2.
p. 400. Lightfoot FL Scot. 538
RADIX perennis, repens, craftitie pollicis, articulata,
fpongiofa, radiculis fibrillofis, albidis in-
ftrufla, furculi albidi, teneri, in mucronem
rigidam abeuntes, more tritici canini.
CULMUS tripedalis ad fexpedalem, fimplex, ere6lus,
foliofus, teres, laevis.
FOLIA alterna, ere£la, parum tortuofa, fubcnfiformia,
carnofa, fuperne plana, glauca, unciam fere
lata, bi aut tripedalia, longiflima vagina cau-
lem involventia.
SPATHAE, duae, deciduae, una ad fpicae mafculae bafin,
altera ad ejus medium.
FLORES mafculi numerofiflimi in Amento ere6lo,
culmum terminante.
CALYX nullus.
COROLLA nulla.
STAMINA: Filamentum antequam antherae polli-
nem dimittunt, breviflimum, fuftinens An-
theram unum ad quatuor, demiflb polline
pendulum, et antheris longius; Anthers
oblongae, flavae, quadrifulcatae, glandula vi-
refcente i, 2, 3, 4.
FLORES feminei numerofiflimi, in amento, mafculino
fubjeflo et contiguo.
FlSTILLUM; Germen ovatum, minimum, pedun-
culo brevi infidens; Stylus fuperne incraf-
fatus; Stigma nigrum.
SEMEN minimum, pedunculatum, ariftatum, pedun-
culo pappofo, Jig. 5,
RECEPTACULUM amenti mafculi pilofum,
ROOT perennial, creeping, the thicknefs of one’s
thumb, jointed, fpongy, furnifhed with fmall
fibrous roots of a whitifh colour, the young
(hoots white, tender, terminating in a fharp
hard point, like that of the common couch-
grafs.
STALK from three to fix feet high, fimple, upright,
leafy, round, and fmooth.
LEAVES alternate, upright, fomewhat twilled, fword
fhaped and flefhy, at top flat, and of a blueifh
colour, about an inch in breadth and two or
three feet in length, enclofing the ftalk in a
very long fheath.
SHEATHS two, deciduous, one placed at the bottom
of the male fpike, the other at the middle.
FLOWERS of the male very numerous, in an up-
right Catkin, terminating the ftalk.
CALYX wanting.
COROLLA wanting.
STAMINA; the Filament before the fhedding of
the pollen is very fhort, fuftaining from one
to four Anthers, the pollen being (hed, it
hangs down and becomes longer than the
Antherae; Anthers oblong, yellow, with
four grooves, terminated by a greenifti
gland, fig. i, 2, 3, 4.
FLOWERS of the female extremely numerous, in a
catkin, placed under and contiguous to the
male catkin.
PISTILLUM: Germen ovate, very minute, fitting on
a fhort foot-ftalk; Style thickened above;
Stigma black.
SEED very fmall, fitting on a foot-ftalk, and ter-
minated by an arifta, the foot-ftalk downy,
fig- 5-
RECEPTACLE of the male-catkin hairy.
The appearance of the Typha_ major, when its fpike is nearly ripe, is fufficiently linking to engage the
attention even of the mod incurious; it is not therefore to be wondered at, that Gentlemen,°who are fond of
Plants, fhould introduce it on the edges of their ponds, or that Painters Ihould make it a confpicuous Plant
in their representations of water ; the Gentleman fhould however be apprized, that it has a creeping root,
which increases very much, foon chokes up a frnall piece of water, and overpowers other aquatics; thus diffi-
cult to keep within proper bounds, the mofl eligible mode of cultivating it is found to be in fome border of
the garden, where, if the foil be moiif, it will llourilh and produce fpikes more abundantly than in the water. V1
j
07*7. /y/r / l6p
-
''Ssr /?,//)/// 'j Jr// The quantity of impregnating duft contained in the male fpike is exceedingly great, though proportioned
indeed to the afionilhing number of feeds in the female fpike below; if thele feeds are endowed with a vege-
tative power (and that they are not I cannot affert from experiment) Nature will appear to have been
unufually 10 icitous in the prefervation of this Plant; but it often happens, as elfewhere has been obferved, that
many of thofe plants which mcreafe very much by their roots feldorn produce perfeS feed, as in the Money-
wort, Butterbur, Water Violet, &c. here indeed the feed appears to come to its greatett perfection; they are,
it is true, exceedingly minute, but this is no argument againtt their growth, as the feeds of the Ferns, which,
are infinitely fmaller, are known to vegetate, and fo are thofe of the Moffes, which are yet fmaller; for, what-
ever fome Botanifls may affert to the contrary, the fine powder contained in their capfules, is as much feed as
that contained in the capfules of the Ferns.
To aicertain the faS relative to the Typha, and to learn whether it increafes in any confiderable degree from
the feed, I propofe flicking round fome pond where it is not known to grow, feveral fpikes with the feeds jutt
beginning to blow off, and ffiall relate the effeSs of this experiment under the Spargamum, or Burreed.
The parts of falsification in this plant being very minute, are with difficulty inveftigated. Linnmus, who
examined and defcribed them without the afittance of a magnifier, is therefore exculable, if he has not been
fo minutely accurate in his defcription of them, as he is in mofl others.
The Calyx which he defcribes, does not appear to be the Calyx, but rather fome of the hairs proceeding from
the receptacle, and which indeed appear more evidently to be fo, from the hairy appearance of the receptacle
when the flamina are dropt off ; on one filament are fupported one, two, three, or four Antherse, and that
indifcriminately, fo that there does not appear to be any great propriety in placing it in the order Triandria, it
would be much lefs puzzling, and perhaps more agreeable to the fyftem, to place it in the order Polyandria,
there being many flamina, and all of them united to one receptacle.
The ufes to which this plant are applied are but few.
The Roots are faid to be eaten as a falad. Haller Hiji. ex. and. Gledit.
The downy feeds ferve for fluffing pillows. Haller Hiji.
Coopers ufe the leaves to fatten the hoops round their cafks. Linn. ex. and. Ruppii.
According to Haller, cattle eat the leaves which are fufpe£led to be poifonous by Schreber.
It grows in ponds, ditches, and by the fides of rivers in many places about London, and flowers in July.
Typha Minor. Smaller Cat’s-Tail.
4 »
♦
TYPHA. Linn, Gen. PL Monoecia Triandria.
Masc. Amentum cylindricum. Cal. obfoletus, 3-phyllus. Cor. o. Fem.
Amentum cylindricum, infra mafculos. Cal. capillo villofo. Cor. o. Sem. 1.
infidens pappo capillari.
Rail Syn. Herbie graminifoli a: non flore imperfecto seu stamineo.
TYPHA angujiifolia foliis femicylindricis, fpica mafcula femineaque remotis. Lmn. Syjt. Vegetab.
p. 702. Sp. Pl. 1377.
TYPHA clava mafcula a feminina remota. Haller Hijl. 1306.
TYPHA anguftifolia. Scopoli. FI. Carniol. p. p. 214.
TYPHA paluftris minor. Bauh. Pin. p. 20.
TYPHA minor Parkinf. 1204. Rail Syn. 436.
Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 400.
The Typha minor is a much fcarcer plant about London than the major from which it differs fpecifically
in having much narrower leaves and flenderer fpikes, the male fpike being alfo diftant from the female about
an inch; in the flature of its parts and its general ceconomy it refembles the other.
I have obferved it growing near Batterfea, where it is now deftroyed; alfo on the middle of Woolwich-
Common, where the Botanilf may probably find it a hundred years hence. It flowers at the fame time as the
major. Carex Pendula. Pendulous Carex,
CAREX Linn.Gen. Pl. Monoecia Triandria.
Masc. Cal. i-phyllus. Cor, o. Fem. Amentum imbricatum. Cal. 1-phyl-
Ius. Cor. o. Nedarium inflatum, 3-dentatum. Germen triquetrum,
intra neCIarium.
Raii Syn. Gen. 28. Herb.-e non culmifeR/E imperfecto seu
stamineo.
CAREX fpicis femininis pendulis longiffimis, capfulis mucronatis ovatis. Haller Hiji. 1396.
CAREX pendula, fpicis fubfeffilibus pendulis, mafcula ereCia, femineis cylindricis longiffimis, capfulis
fubrotundis acuminatis* Hudfon FI, Angi. ed. 2. p. 411.
GRAMEN fpica pendula longiore et anguftiore B. Pin. 6. Pr. 13. J. B. 11. 497.
GRAMEN cyperoides fpica pendula longiore. Parkinf. 1267. Raii Syn. p. 420. Many-fpiked
Cyperus-grafs with long pendulous heads.
RADIX perennis, non vero repens.
CULMUS tripedalis, ad orgyalem in folo laetiori etiam
accedit, triqueter, levis, fuperne flriatus,
foliofus.
FOLIA femunciam lata, viridia abfque ullaglaucedine,
oris nervifque fubafpens, minute ferrulatis,
minus vero quam in multis aliis hujufce
generis.
SPICAI omnes pendulae, fuprema e floribus mafcu-
Jis omnino compofita, crafla, bafi tenuior,
fecunda et tertia femineae, apice incraflatae,
ubi androgynae, inferiores femineae, lineares,
longiflimae.
Flores mafculi.
SOUAMAl ovato-lanceolatae, acuminatae, e fufco
purpurafcentes, concavae, trinerves, jig. 1.
STAMINA: Filamenta tria, capillaria, demiffo
polline longitudine fquamarum; Anther je
lineares, quadrifulcatae, flavae, Jig. 2, 3, 4.
Flores feminei.
SQUAMAi. ut in mafculo, Jig. 5.
NECTARIUM inflatum, ovato-oblongum, glabrum,
collo contrado, Jig. 6.
PISTILLUM: Germen triquetrum, intra NeClari-
um; Stylus breviflimus; Stigmata tria,
filiformia, pubefcentia, jig, 7, 8.
SEMEN unicum, ovato-acutum, triquetrum.
ROOT perennial, but not creeping.
STALK three feet high, in a rich foil growing even
to the height of fix feet, three cornered,
fmooth, at top flriated, leafy.
LEAVES half an inch broad, green without any
glaucous appearance, fomewhat rough from
being finely fawed, but much lefs fo than
many others of this genus.
SPIKES; all of them pendulous, the uppermoft
compofed entirely of male flowers, thick,
but (lender at its bafe, the fecond and third
female thick at top, with a mixture of male
and female flowers, the lower ones female,
linear, and very long.
Flowers of the male.
SCALES narrow-oval, running out to a long point,
of a brownflh purple colour, hollow, with
three ribs, Jig. i.
STAMINA: three Filaments very fine, on the
(bedding of the pollen becoming as long as
the fcales; Anthers linear with four
grooves, and of a yellow colour, Jig. 2, 3, 4.
Flowers of the female.
SCALES as in the male, Jig. 5.
NECTARY inflated, of an oval oblong (hape, fmooth.
the neck contracted, Jig. 6.
PISTILLUM : G ermen three cornered, within the
NeCtary; Style very (hort; Stigmata
three, thread-Ihaped, and downy, fig. 7, 8.
SEED Angle, oval pointed, and three cornered.
We have here given for the firft, a figure and defeription of the Carex pendula, one of a numerous tribe
of plants, diftinguifhed not lefs by the Angularity ol their fructification, than the difficulty which attends an
inveftigation of their feveral fpecies; from this difficulty the prefent plant may however claim a total exemp-
tion, for in whatever fituation it is found, its long, pendulous, female fpikes at once diftinguiffi it; thefe
when young are very (lender, as the feeds ripen they become much thicker and cylindrical.
This elegant fpecies is found in great abundance in the moift hedges about Hampjiead and Highgate, flow-
ering in May, and ripening its feeds in June.
It is not applied fo far as our knowledge at prefent extends to any particular purpofes. • 180 167
s/Sy 8- 9-
STALKS growing clofely together, form broad turfs,
particularly on walls and gravelly fituations,
fig- 3*
SURCULI themfelves fhort, raifed a few lines only
above the earth, fomewhat branched,/#. i. 4.
below covered with a brown woolly kind of
fubftance.
LEAVES fmall, clofely compared, oval pointed, ter-
minated by a grey hair, of a pale yellowilh
green colour, filky, fhining; under a magni-
fier in the moift plant t.ranfparent,/#. 14, 16.
PEDUNCLES about an inch in length, fig. 5, below
purple, above yellow, proceeding from the
top of the laft year’s furculus, fig. i. between
the branches or rather younger furculi, fur-
nifhed with a fmall bulb, fig. 2.
CAPSULE of an oval cylindrical form, at firfl upright,
fig. 7. flender, afterwards becoming gradually
thicker and pendulous,/#. 8, 9, 1 1. of ayel-
lowifh colour, covered with a fmall, fhort,
prominent red and filming operculum, which
falling off the mouth appears ciliated,9%. 12.
CALYPTRA on the young capfules upright, flender,
conical, and of a pale brown colour, in thofe
more advanced reddifh brown, and inclined
to one fide,/#. 7, 8, 9.
This fpecies of Bryum is very commonly met with on walls, alfo on gravelly and fandy foils, producing its
capfules in February, March, and April; it varies much in fize, in the fhape of its leaves and the length of its
furculi. Hydnum Auriscalpium. Fir Hydnum.
HYDNUM Linn.Gen.PL Cryptogamia Fungi.
Fungus horizontalis fubtus echinatus.
Raii Syn. Gen. i. Fungi.
HYDNUM aurifcalpium ftipitatum, pileo dimidiato. Linn, Syjt. Vegetal?, p. 822. Spec. Plant, p. 1648.
FI. Suec. 1100. Lapp on § 24.
ECHINUS petiolo gracili laterali, pileolo plano obfcuro. Haller Hijl. n. 2321.
ERINACEUS parvus hirfutus exfulvo fufcus, pileo femiorbiculari, pediculo tenuiore. Mich. Gen.
132. t. 72,f. 8.
FUNGUS erinaceus parvus in conis abietis nafcens. Buxh. Cent. 1. t. 57. fi 1.
FUNGUS erinaceus parvus pediculo longiore aurifcalpium referens buxei coloris. Buxh. Hali. 129.
t. 829.
ERINACEUS minimus aurifcalpium referens. Ceis. Ups. 20.
FUNGUS erinaceus efculentus parvus, pediculo longiore, aurifcalpium*referens, buxei coloris, in
ftrobilis pini eveniens. Kram. tent. 146,
Hudfon FI. Angi. ed. 2. p. 628.
Lightfoot FI. Scot.
Rofes Elem. of Bot. app. t. 3.
Scheffer. Fung. tab. 143.
Ex ftrobilis feu ramulis emortuis pini nafcitur hic
Fungus.
STIPES pollicaris feu bipollicaris, inferne incraffatus,
fublanuginofus, fuperne ad apicem fei hrn
attenuatus, pilis numerofis brevibus, rigidulis,
horizontalibus fcabriufculis.
PILEUS magnitudine unguis indicis, plerumque di-
midiatus, rotundato-reniformis, horizontalis,
fuperne planiufculus, fafciis luteis et fufcis
in orbem difpofitis notatus, hirfutus, demum
nigricans, inferne canefcens, echinatus, Jig. i.
Echini plurimi, conferti, acuminati, fimplices,
fig-2.
From the decayed cones or fmall branches of the fir
fprings this Fungus.
STALK from one to three inches in height, thickened
at bottom and fomewhat woolly, from thence
to the top gradually tapering and befet with
numerous, fhort, horizontal, and fomewhat
rigid hairs, which give it a manifeft rough-
nefs.
HEAD or cap the fize of the forefinger nail, in ge-
neral halved, of roundifh kidney-fhape,
horizontal, on the upper fide flattifh, marked
with yellow and brown ftripes circularly dif-
pofed, hirfute, finally becoming black, un-
derneath of a greyifh colour, and prickly.
Jig. 1. Prickles numerous, growing thickly
together, fimple, and running out to a point,
fig■ 2.
Some of the more ancient Botanifts have given to this fpecies of Hydnum the name of aurifcalpium or ear-
picker, from its refemblance to the inftrument ufed for that purpofe, but it fliould be obferved that it is only
when young or fmall that it bears this refemblance.
Its habitat is on the half decayed branches, and cones of the fir tree, efpecially the latter, moft probably it is
not attached to any particular fpecies, the cones on which I found it were of the Pinus fylvefiris.
In the time of Mr. Ray it was not known to be a native of Great-Britain, of late years it has been found by
feveral inquifitive Botanifts in various parts of the kingdom, as in Scotland by Mr. Lightfoot, near Norwich
by Mr. Rose, and in a fmall pine wood oppofite to, and by the road only, feparated from Lord Mansfield’s
houfe near Hampfiead by Mr. Dixon, and from which wood the fpecimens here reprefented were taken.
The fifth of October 1780, I found a great number of them in the faid wood in the greateft perfeftion, they
grew in the moift part of the wood out of the cones buried under the dead leaves.
In its ufe it does not appear to be very important, at leaft immediately to us, Kramer applies to it the
epithet of efculentus, but of all the Fungi this is the leaft proper for eating, as it is not only fmall in quantity,
but biting to the tafte, and tough as leather.
To the ftudent it affords a very good example of the genus Hydnum. Jj)0
kJyyrtk/t///// . Agaricus Glutinosus. Slimy Mushroom.
AGARICUS Lin. Gen. PL Fungi.
Fungus horizontalis, fubtus lamellofus.
Raii, Syn. Gen. i. Fungi.
AGARICUS glutinofus pileo hemifphserico ftramineo vifcido, lamellis horizontalibus, annulo obfoleto.
FUNGI pratenfes minores, externe vifcidi, albi et lutei, pedicules brevibus. Raii Syn,p. 7. 2.
STIPES plerumque folitarius, fubinde multiplex, bi-
pollicaris ad palmarem, craflitie pennae cora-
cis, filiformis, albidus, pene folidus, tubo
minimo, glutinofus.
ANNULUS paulo infra pileum obfoletus.
PILEUS uncialis, ad biuncialem, firamineus, in adultis
hemifphasricus, femper convexus, et glutine
plus minufve obdutlus, pluviis madefaftus
magis fufcefcit, et diaphanus evadit, unde
(hiatus aliquando apparet.
LAMELLAE plurimas, fimplices, e fufco purpurafcen-
tes, nebulofae, integris circiter 20, horizon-
1. tribus brevioribus interpofitis,
Jig. 2, 3. Pulverem effundunt e fufco pur-
purafcentem.
Fig, 5. Fruftulum lamellas vitro auftum, exhibens
Capfulas feminiferas quaternas.
STALKS generally {ingle, fometimes cluttered from
two to four inches in height, the thicknefs of
a crow quill, thread-fhaped, whitifh, almoft
folid, the tube being very fmall, glutinous.
RING a little below the cap, fcarce perceptible.
CAP from one to two inches in breadth, of a draw
colour; in the full grown ones hemifpherical,
always convex, and more or lefs glutinous,
wet with rain it becomes browner and tranf-
parent, fo that it fometimes appears as if
ttriated.
GILLS numerous, (ingle, of a brownifh purple colour,
clouded, whole ones about twenty, horizon-
tal, Jig. i. three (horter ones placed betwixt
them,jig. 2,3. they throw out a powder of a
brownifh purple colour.
Fig, 5. a fmall piece of the gill magnified, in which
are (hewn the Capfules, which contain the
feeds placed four together.
Lithologia mihi crijias non eriget, fays Linnaeus in the preface to his mineralogy ; he might with equal pro-
priety have applied the fame expreffions to himfelf refpe&ing the Fungi, as in the laft edition of his Syftema
Vegetabilium we are prefented with no more than twenty-four fpecies of Agrici Stipitati, or Mufhrooms with
{talks: Micheli, on the contrary, has given us fix hundred and thirty-four; Ray, in the third edition of his
Synopjis, has fifty-feven fpecies, fourteen of which are added by Dillenius ; Gleditsch, who has written a
particular treatife on the Fungi, reduces the Agarici to thirty-two fpecies, but informs us that there are one
hundred and twenty more, involved in much obfcurity ; Scopoli defcribes one hundred and fourteen, and
Haller one hundred and thirty-four; Mr. Hudson, in the laft edition of his Flora Anglic a, enumerates forty-
fix, and Mr. Lightfoot accurately defcribes twenty in his Flora Scotica; and yet amidft all thefe enume-
rations and defcriptions, fcarce any two of them are agreed about the fame Fungus ; of the hundred and four-
teen defcribed by Scopoli there are only eleven which have the names of Linnaeus; the procerus of Scopoli
is the annulatus of Lightfoot ; the coriaceus of Lightfoot is the pratenfis of Hudson ; while the coriaceus
and pratenjis of Scopoli differ from both theirs.
Amidft this confufion of Authors, arifing partly from the intricacy of the fubjeft, and partly from their inat-
tention to fpecific charaflers, we (hall be often obliged to be fparing in our fynonyms, and occafionally find it
neceffary to produce a new name as in the prefent inftance.
Although the Fungus here figured is a very common one, we are not able with abfolute certainty to fay that
it is either in Ray, Linnaeus, Scopoli, Lightfoot, or Hudson ; the name of glutinofus is therefore given it,
as it always is more or lefs flimy, and which fliminefs is not confined to the upper part of the cap, but extends to
the ftalk: this chara£ler joined to the roundnefs of the cap, and the horizontal appearance of the gills which
form a ftraight line from the edge of the cap to the ftalk, will always readily diftinguilh this Mufliroom,
The cap varies in fize from two lines to two inches in diameter, and the ftem from one to four or five in
height, the ufual colour of the cap is of a pale ftraw colour, fometimes inclined more to the yellew, and fome-
times more to a dirty brown, efpecially when wet; it is gradual in its decay, not quickly diffolving as fome do,
nor drying up like others.
It moll commonly grows fmgly, but fometimes fprings up in clufters, efpecially on thofe fpots where dung
has been thrown.
Its place of growth is in expofed and elevated paftures, efpecially fuch as are moift; it may indeed be found
in moft meadows, and fometimes in great abundance; the particular places where I have been accuftomed to find
it plentifully, are on Peckham-Rye, and in the paftures about the Oak of Honour Wood, alfo in the pafture one
afcends, before entering Hornfey-Wood, going from IJlington,
About the latter-end of Oftober they are moft plentiful, but may be found earlier as well as later.
Thefe is nothing acrimonious or difagreeable in the tafte of it, yet its appearance will not recommend it to
the lovers of Mulhrooms.
C /^Y7/7(7/J Agaricus Plicatilis. Plaited Mushroom.
AGARICUS. Linn. Gen. P/. Cryptogamia Fungi.
Fungus horizontalis, fubtus lamellofus.
Raii Syn. Gen, i. Fungi.
AGARICUS plicatilis ftipitatus, pileo campanulato feu plano, murino, pellucido, plicato.
AGARICUS crenulatus membranaceus coerulefcens fulcatus, centro papillari, ftipite exili. Muller
FI, Dan, t. 832,/, 2.
FUNGUS perpufillus, pediculo oblongo, pileolo tenui, utrinque ftriato, feu flabelli in modum
plicatili. Raii Syn. p. 8. n, 24 ?
Batarr, Fung. Tab. 27. B, C,
STIPES folitarius, in adultis biuncialis et ultra, mag-
nitudine culmi triticei minoris, ereftus, teres,
filiformis, (iftulofus, laevis, albus, tener.
PILEUS cum primo erumpit nucleum nucis avellanae
magnitudine aequat, e flavo fufcus, vix ma-
nifefte ftriatus, cito oblongo campanulatus
evadit, ftriae fubundulatae magis luculenter
. apparent, color in murinum incipit tranfire,
nunc adultus, forma, in campanulatam muta-
tur, mox evafura plana, uncialis feu fefqui-
uncialis, murinus, vertice plano, fufco, feu-
albido, tenellus, plicatus : cutis diaphanus,
fine carne, fuperne farina nulla adfperfus,
faftigiis plicarum fubvillofis, pera&a floref-
centia margo invertitur et nigrefcit.
LAMELLAE paucae, concolores, pulverem fubtilifli-
mum e caeruleo-nigricantem effundentes.
STALKS (ingle, in thofe which are full grown two
inches or more in height, the fize of a fmall
wheat draw, upright, round, of the fame
thicknefs throughout, hollow, fmooth, white,
and tender.
CAP when it firft fprings up is about the fize of the
kernel of a hazle nut, of a yellowifh brown
colour, fcarce preceptibly ftriated, it foon
becomes of an oblong bell-lhape, the fmall
furrows appear more evidently, are fome-
what waved, and the colour changes to grey
or moufe colour; now full grown, it becomes
more bell-fhaped, and afterwards appears
flat; is from an inch to an inch and a half in
diameter, of a moufe colour, tender, plaited,
the crown flat, brown or whitifh; the (kin
tranfparent, without any flefh, at top not
fprinkled with meal, the ridges of the plaits
fomewhat villous, when the fruftification is
over, the edge becomes black and turns in.
GILLS few, of the fame colour as the cap, throwing
out a very fine powder of a blueifti-black
colour.
The Muftiroom here figured in its feveral ftates is one of thofe, whofe caps in decaying diflblve into a black
liquid, thefe in general are of fhort duration, and this being of fo thin and delicate a fubffance is particularly
fo. On the 12th of September, ten or twelve of thefe of different ages made their appearance on a grafs-plat
in my garden, and on the 16th no traces of them were to be feen.
Its ufual place of growth is in Paftures, Meadows, and Grafs-Plats, in all of which it is not unfrequent in
the Months of September and O&ober.
The Cap is fo remarkably plaited, or fan-like, that we could not but prefer a name expreffive of fo charac-
teriftic a circumftance to Muller’s term crenulatus; the Agaricus tenellus of Mr. Hudson approaches fo
near to ours from his defcription, that we ffiould have confidered it as the fame, had not Plukenet’s figure
quoted by him been very different.
yo/ar/rv/j^//ra///c 8-
RADIX fibrofa, fibris majufculis, teretibus, albis,
paulo infra terram repentibus, quibus hic
illic accrefcunt globuli albi, quijuflam mag-
nitudinem acquifiti, fupra terram eminent et
Volvae dicuntur, fig. 1, 2.
VOLVA fubrotunda, bafi paululum comprefla, laevis,
magnitudine piis palmaris, alba, ponderofa,
tunica fatis crafla exterius te6la, cui proxime
fubeft gelatina qusdam pellucida, flavo-fufca,
fig- 3. 5-
STIPES; difrupta volva, exfurgit ftipes, craflitie pol-
licis, palmaris et ultra, paululum curvatus,
teres, albus, levis, fpongiofus, fiftulofus,
utrinque, acuminatus, fig. 6.
PILEUS fubconicus, ftipiti laxe infidens, primo Is-
vis, folidus, olivaceus, lubricus, mox fceti-
diflimus, cellulis materie feminifera externe
polita adhuc repletis, qua diffluente aut
mufcis exfufta, fuperficies externa cellulofa
apparet, interna parum rugofa, vertice trun-
cato, albiflimo, oblongo, pervio, fig. 4, 7,
8.
In the months of Auguft, September, and OTober, this Angular phenomenon of the Fungus tribe makes its
appearance in woods, hedge-rows, and hedges, in fome places abundantly, in others rarely; near London it
has been found in Coombwood and Norwood, but more plentifully in a fmall fir wood near the Spaniard,
Hampjlead-Heath, before remarked for producing the Hydnum aurifealpium ; in this wood, on the 24th of
September 1780, I difeovered near a dozen growing within a fmall fpace of each other, fome were full-grown,
others in their egg-ftate, rifen about half way out of the ground, and, when taken up, appearing like fo many
fmall tennis balls, vid. fig. 2. feveral of thefe I carefully carried home; one, which was in its greateft perfec-
tion, my draughtfman, for the fake of more conveniently drawing, took with him to the Spaniard (a place of
entertainment on the fpot) but the fetor arifing from it quickly pervading every part of the houfe, and
rendering it intolerable, we were obliged to get rid of it.
On perpendicularly dividing with a (harp knife one of thofe I had taken home, I was not more ftruck with
the beautiful appearance which the furface of each half exhibited, than the thick mafs of pure tranfparent
jelly, of a brownifh yellow colour, depofited betwixt two membranes, immediately under the outer furface,
and which enveloped the Fungus, as yet in embryo, vid. Jig. 3.
On examining my Fungi in their egg-ftate the next morning, I had the fatisfaftion to obferve, that in one
of them, the cap of the Fungus had juft broken through its integuments, and was pufhing itfelf up through the
jelly ; I thought this a proper opportunity of obferving how quick it was in its growth, and found, that from
the time of its breaking through the outer fkin (half paft eight o’clock) to the time that it acquired its full
height, a fpace intervened of about five hours, in which time it had grown three inches and three quarters; an
inftance of the quicknefs of vegetation fcarce credible, and perhaps not to be equalled by any other plant.
The cap, on its firft coming forth, being covered with the jelly through which it had paffed, and being alfo
of a light olive colour, but perfeftly opake, not unaptly refembled a lump of bird-lime, vid. fig. 4. this ap-
pearance it retained till eleven o’clock, when in fome parts it became of a darker colour; at half paft twelve
the whole outer furface of the cap was changed to a very dark olive ; it now began to fmell very offenfively,
flies came into the room and fettled on it; a little paft one, it began to diflblve, and drop off, and the cells
containing this fubftance about the top of it began to be vifible. Jig. 7. It was now placed out of doors, when
the PileqsVas almoft immediately covered with feveral fpecies of flies, moftly of the larger fort, who, inftead of
flicking to and perifhing on it, as related by Gleditsch, in about two hours left the cells perfeftly empty,
vid. fig. 8.
The difagrecable fmell arifing from the Phallus impudicus, which alone is often fufficient to deteeft it, and
from which it has acquired in fome parts of the kingdom the name of Stink-horns, has ufually been compared
to carrion, and generally conlidered as the effefts of its putrefatlion : to me, the fmell appears to be altogether
fui generis, and not to arife from putrefaclion, at leaft a general putrefaction of the plant ; it firft arifes from
the fubftance lodged in the cells on the outfide of the Pileus, which conftitute the generic chara&er of the
Phallus, and with which the feeds of this plant are doubllefs incorporated; as foon as this fubftance begins to
liquefy,' the effluvia is perceptible ; at this time every other part of the plant is perfeftly fweet, not excepting
the jelly, which, it rauft be allowed, afterwards acquires a difagreeable odour, apparently from its putre?
faftion. The flies, allured by the effluvia from the Pileus, do not fettle on it to depofit their eggs, as on
the Stapelia feetida, or putrid meat, but merely to feed on it, and which they appear to do molt deheioufly,
fcarcely ever fullering a drop of the liquid to fall on the ground ; whence this fpecies would foon become
extinft, had not provident Nature fupplied it with a root, which, like the Potatoe, throws out numerous offsets.
This' plant affords nourifhment not only to various fpecies of flies, but alfo to fnails and flugs, who are
extremely fond of its ftem. . . . _ , f . r .
We may remark, that the top of the cap has fometimes two perforations, irutead or one, its uiual number. INDEX,
INDEX,
In which the Linnlean Names of the Plants
contained intheFirft, Second, and Third
Fafciculi, are arranged Alphabetically.
In which the Englifh Names of the Plants
are arranged Alphabetically,
Fafc.
10 Anthoxanthum odoratum 1
32 Aira aquatica 1
13 praecox 3
22 Alopecurus myofuroides (agrefiis Linn.) 2
23 Avena flavefcens.... 3
24 elatior 3
30 Aaagallis arvenfis 1
37 tenella 3
48 ALthufa Cynapium 1
34 Alfine media 1
92 Agroflemrna Githago 2
306 Adonis autumnalis ..2
11 o Anemone nemorofa 1
<•> . -
231 Ajuga reptans 1
328 Antirrhinum Cymbalaria 3
129 Elatine .1
131 fpu riu m 2
130 Linaria 2
336 Arabis'1 haliana 3
389 Arum maculatum 2
196 Atriplex ha flata 2
197 Afplenium Scolopendrium 1
232 Agaricus ovatus 2
213 firnetarius 2
214 glutinofus 3
215 plicatilis 3
216 oflreatus 3
78 Adoxa Mofchatellina 2
19 Bromus mollis 1
20 fierilis 3
21 hirfutus 1
79 Butomus umbellatus 2
123 Betonica officinalis 2
137 Braffica muralis 3
370 Bidens cernua 3
373 Bellis perennis 1
200 Bryum fcoparium 1
203 undulatum 3
202 hornum 3
203 truncatulum 2
204 viridulum 2
205 fubulatum .3
206 argenteum 3
207 cefpititium 3
9 Circaea lutetiana 3
32 Centunculus minimus 3
38 Convolvulus fepium 1
39 arvenfis 2
47 Conium maculatum 1
50 Chenopodium album 2
51 viride 2
52 polyfpermum 2
Bonus Henricus 3
83 Chryfofplenium oppofitifolium 2
93 Cerafliurn femidecandrum 2
94 vifcofum 2
95 vulgatum 2
96 aquaticum 1
334 Caltha paluflris 1
338 Cardamine amara 3
339 pratenfis 3
371 Carduus marianus 3
390 Carex pendula 3
26 Dipfacus pilofus 1
27 fylveftris 3
132 Digitalis purpurea 3
333 Draba verna 1
64 Epilobium hirfutum.. 2
65 villofum 2
66 tetragonum 2
67 angufti folium 2
68 montanum 3
69 Frica tetralix 1
Fafc%
12 Aira water - 1
113 Anemone wood 2
52 Allfeed 2
104 Avens 2
125 All-heal , 3
19 Brome-Grafs foft '1
21 hairy-ftalk’d 2
20 barren .• 1
200 Bryum broom 1
201 curled 1
202 fwan’s neck 1
203 brown 1 2
204 green j 2
205 awl-fhaped 3
206 filvery 3 3
207 matted j 3
156 Bird’s-foot-Trefoil common 2
71 Billort common 2
176 Butterbur *
121 Bugle common 2
6 Brook-lime 2
1c) 1 Burnet - 2
323 Bctony wood 3
25 Blinks 3
341 Crane’s-bill Hemlock-leav’d 1
142 flunking or herb Robert 1
243 dove’s-foot common .....2
144 mountain 3
128 Cymbalaria ivy-leav’d 1
54 Chickweed common 1
38 Convolvulus large white 1
3 g 'field 2
102 Cinquefoil common 1
107 Crowfoot round-rooted l
109 upright meadow 1
108 pale-leav’d 2
111 wood , 2
112 celery-leav’d - 2
189 Cuckow pint 2
177 Colt’s-foot 2
90 Campion red 1 2
28 Cleavers common 2
92 Cockle 3
190 Carex pendulous 3
158 Claver 3
135 Clover Dutch 3
192 Cat’s-tail broad-leav’d -----3
393 narrow-leav’d 3
175 Daify common 1
133 Draba vernal 1
116' Dead-Nettle purple 1
2 28 white 2
165 Dandelion common - 1
60 Dock curl’d 2
62 fharp-pointed 3
52 broad-leav’d 3
63 narrow-leav’d 3
31 Devil s-bit. 3
127 Eye-bright red --2
373 Erigeron purple I
g Enchanters-Nightfhade common 3
35 Elder dwarf. 3
36 Flax purging 3
79 Flowering-Rufh 1
48 Fools-parfley 1
129 Fluellin fharp-pointed 1
231 • round-leav’d . - 3
132 Foxglove purple 1
' 18 Fefcue-grafs flote - 1
147 Fumitory common 2
22 Foxtail-grafs field 2
37 Fritillary common 3
193 Frog-bit r 3 2
7© Erica cinerea 2
98 Euphorbia Peplus i
99 Heliofcopia i
12/ Euphrafia Odontites 1
135 Erylirnum Alliaria , . . . .2
149 Ervum hirfuturn 1
170 tetrafpermum 1
173 Erigeron acre 1
18 Felluca fluitans 1
37 Fritiliaria Meleagris 3
101 Fragaria flerilis 3
147 Fumaria officinalis 2
28 Galium Aparine 2
104 Geum urbanum 2
122 Glechoma hederacea 2
141 Geranium cicutarium 3
1 4 2 • robertianum 1
143 molle 2
144 pyrenaicura 3
33 Hottonia paluflris 1
43 Hedera Helix 1
38 Hyacinthus non (criptus 2
160 Hypericum pulchrum. 1
161 perforatum 1
102 hirfuturn 3
163 humifufum 3
164 An d r o fae m u in 3
168 Hypochaeris radicata 3
109 glabra 3
195 Hydrocharis Morfus Ranae 3
208 Hypn u m p rol i feru m 1
209 lericeum 2
21 o purum .3
217 Hydnum aurifcalpium 3
11 Ins Pfeudacorus 3
39 Juncus campeftris 2
178 Inula dyfenterica 3
179 pulicaria 3
8 Lycopus europaeus 3
42 Lonicera Periclymenum 3
43 Lyfimachia Nummularia 3
36 Linum catharticum 1
90 Lychnis dioica 2
91 Flos cuculi 1
97 Lythrum Salicaria 3
116 Lamium purpureum i
117 amplexicaule 2
118 album 2
136 Lotus corniculatus 2
139 Lathyrus pratenfis 3
163 Leontodon Taraxacum 1
166 Lapfana communis 1
23 Montia fontana 3
44 Myofotis fcorpioides 3
343 Malva fylveflris 2
34S rotundifolia 3
337 Medicago lupulina 2
138 arabica 3
194 Mercurialis perennis 2
89 Oxalis Acetofella 2
148 Orobus tuberofus 1
385 Ophrys apifera
186 ovata. . . , 3
187 Orchis mafcula 2
188 Morio 3
199 Ofmunda fpicant
14 Poa annua x
15 rigida
16 pratenfis
17 trivialis 2
29 Plantago lanceolata
30 major 2
102 Potentilla reptans 1
103 Anferina 3
191 Poterium Sanguiforba 2
198 Polypodium vulgare 1
71 Polygonum Biflorta !
72 Perficaria . 1
73 penfylvanicum 1
74 var. caul, macul 1
. 73 Hydropiper 1
76 aviculare
77 minus
211 Polytrichum fubrotundum 2
218 Phallus impudicus 3
105 Papaver Rhceas 3
172 Picris echioides 3
60 Rumex crifpus \
ii Flag yellow 3
178 Fleabane common 3
179 final 1 3
174 Groundfel common 1
83 Golden Saxifrage common 2
122 Ground-Ivy , . 2
50 Goofefoot white 2
51 purple-jointed 2
53 Good Henry 3
197 Hart’s-tongue 1
47 Hemlock 1
69 Heath crofs-leav’d 1
70 hne-leav’d 2
35 Hottonia water 1
208 Hypnum proliferous 1
209 filky 2
210 meadow 3
42 Koneyfuckle common 1
117 Henbit . 2
38 Hyacinth Englifh 2
168 Hawkweed long-rooted . . . ~ 3
369 fmall-flowered 3
215 Hydnum ear-picker 3
100 Houfeleek 3
13 Hair-grafs early 3
370 Hemp-Agrimony Water 3
126 Hooded willow-herb common 3
43 Ivy 1
76 Knot-grafs common 1
339 Ladies-imock common 3
338 bitter 3
97 Loofeffrife purple-fpiked .3
96 Moufear-chickweed marfh 2
93 lead 2
95 common 2
94 broad-leav’d 2
114 Marfh-Marigold 1
78 Mofchatel tuberous 2
157 Medick hop 2
15 Meadow-grafs hard 2
16 fmooth-flalk’d 2
17 rough-flalk’d 2
194 Mercury Dog’s 2
145 Mallow common 2
146 round-leav’d 3
213 Mufhroom Egg 2
212 pucker’d 2
214 [limy 3
215 plaited 3
216 ■ oyfter 3
45 Moneywort 3
44 Moufear-fcorpion-grafs 3
218 Morel 1 (linking 3
16b Nipplewort 1
40 Nightlhade woody 1
41 garden 2
124 Nettle hedge 3
185 Orchis Bee 1
387 early fpotted 2
188 meadow 3
196 Orach fpear-leav’d 2
88 Orpine 3
23 Oat-grafs yellow 3
24 tall 3
172 Oxtongue 3
36 Pimpernel common 1
37 b°g 3
32 ballard 3
91 Pink meadow 1
148 Pea wood 1
14 Poa common dwarf 1
72 Perficaria fpotted-leav’d 1
73 pale-flower cl 1
74 fpotted-flalk’d x
75 biting 1
77 fmall creeping 1
198 Polypody common i
383 Panfie wild 1
34 Pearlwort upright 2
33 procumbent 3
106' Pheafant’s-eye 2
136 Podded Moufear . .2
310 Pilewort 2
29 Plantain narrow-leav’d .. 2
30 common 2
211 Polytrichum dwarf 2
105 Poppy fmooth round-headed 3
46' Periwinkle fmall 3 3
61 Kumex obtufifohum 3
62 — acutus '3
63 maritimus 3
107 Ranunculus bulbofus
3 08 hirfutus
109 acris x
110 Ficaria . . 2
j 11 auricomus
312 —: fceleratus 2
31 Scabiofa Succifa 3
33 Sagina procumbens 3
34 e reda
40 Solanum Dulcamara
41 nigrum
49 Scandix Anthrifcus 1
55 Sambucus Ebulus 3
80 Saxifraga granulata
81 tridaftylites 2
84 Stellaria Holoflea
82 Saponaria officinalis . 2
85 Sedum album
86 acre.
87 dafyphyllum o
88 Telephium 3
100 Sempervivum teftorum 3
124 Stachys fylvatica Q
325 paluflris 3
126 Scutellaria galericulata 3
340 Sifymbrium fylveftre 3
267 Sonchus oleraceus
174 Senecio vulgaris
319 Thymus Acinos
3 20 Serpyllum
334 Thlafpi Burfa-paftoris 1
351 Trifolium ornithopodioides 2
352 fubterraneum 2
3 53 fragiferum 2
354 agrarium 3
355 repens : 3
376 Tuflilago Petafites
377 Farfara 2
392 Typha major .3
393 minor 3
1 Veronica agreflis
2 chamaedrys 1
3 ferpyllifolia x
4 hederifolia 2
5 arvenfis 2
6 Becabunga 2
7 officinalis 3
46 Vinca minor 3
335 Verbena officinalis 3
380 Viola odorata 3
181 hirta 1
382 canina 2
183 tricolor 3
384 paluflris 3
59 Rufii hairy field
137 Rocket (linking 3
140 water 3
98 Spurge finali garden x
99 1
160 St. John’s-wort fmall upright x
161 common
162 hairy
163 : railin,g ■ • ■ ■ 3
49 Scandix rough-ieeded x
80 Saxifrage white. . x
81 * rue-leav’d 2
85 Stonecrop white-flowered 1
80 common yellow 1
87 thick-leav’d 3
134 Shepherd’s-purfe
1 Speedwell procumbent garden 1
2 germander-Ieav’d 1
3 Imooth-leav’d 1
4 ivy-leav’d 2
5 wall 2
7 male 3
167 Sowthifile common
199 Spleenwort rough 2
135 Sauce-alone . » 2
84 Stitchwort greater 2
82 Sopewort 2
id Strawberry barren 3
103 Silver-weed 3
149 Tine-tare rough-podded 1
150 finooth-podded 1
26 Teafie fmall 1
27 wild 3
330 Toadflax common yellow 1
119 Thyme Bafil 3
120 wild 2
152 Trefoil fubterraneous 2
151 bird’s-foot true 2
3 53 Strawberry 2
3 54 77 hop 3
186 Twayblade 3
171 Thiflle milk 3
3 64 Tutfan 3
10 Vernal-grafs fweet-fcented • 1
305 Vervain 1
180 Violet fweet-fcented 1
181 hairy 1
182 Dog’s 1
184 -- Bog .3
359 Vetchling yellow 3
89 Wood forrel 2
64 Willow-herb large-flowered 2
65 hoary 2
66’ —1 fquare-ftalk’d 2
67 rofebay 2
68 wood 3
8 Water-horehound 3
GENERAL INDEX
To the Plants of the Firft, Second, and Third Fafciculi, as arranged according to
the Syftem of Linnaeus.
Diandria Monogynia.
Flate.
1 Veronica agreftis
2 Chamaedrys
ferpyllifolia
4 hederifolia
5 arvenfis
6 Becabunga
7 officinalis
8 Lycopus europaeus
9 Circaea lutetiana
Diandria Digynia.
10 Anthoxanthum odoratum
Triandria Monogynia.
Flate.
11 Iris Pfeudacorus
Triandria Digynia.
12 Aira aquatica
13 praecox
14 Poa annua
3 5 rigida
16 pratenfis
17 trivialis
18 Feftuca fluitans
19 Bromus mollis
20 Herilis
21 hirfutus
Flate.
22 Alopecurus myofuroides
23 Avena flavefcens
24 elatior
Triandria Trigynia.
25 Montia fontana
Tetrandria Monogynia.
26 Dipfacus pilofus
27 fylveftris
28 Galium Aparine
29 Plantago lanceolata
30 major
31 Scabiofa fuccifa
32 Centunculus minimus Tetrandria 1 ETRAGYNIA.
Piate.
33 Sagina procumbens
34 erefta
Pentandria Monogynia.
35 Hottonia paluftris
36 Anagallis arvenfis
37 tenella
38 Convolvulus fepium
39 arvenfis
40 Solanum Dulcamara
41 nigrum"
42 Lonicera Periclymenum
43 Hedera Helix
44 Myofotis fcorpioides paluft.
43 Lyfimachia Nummularia
46 Vinea minor
Pentandria Digynia.
47 Conium maculatum
48 /Ethufa Cy na pium
49 Scandix Anthrifcus
i~o Chenopodium album
3 1 —— viride
r 2 —*—- polyfpermum
r3 Bonus Henricus
Pentandria Trigynia.
54 Alfine media
35 Sambucus Ebulus
Pentandria Pentagynia.
50 Linum catharticum
Hexandria Monogynia.
c7 Fritillaria Meleagris
O/ . o
ryS Hyacinthus non-lcnptus
59 Juncus campeflris
Hexandria Trigynia.
60 Rumex crifpus
obtuli folium
62 — acutus
63 maritimus
Octandria Monogynia.
64 Epilobium hirfutum
fir villofum
50 tetragonum
67 anguliifolium
58 montanum
69 Erica tetralix
70 cinerea
Octandria Digynia.
71 Polygonum Billorta
72 Perficaria
73 penfylvanicum
var< caule maculato
75 Hydropiper
76 aviculare
77 minus
Octandria Tetragynia.
78 Adoxa Mofchatellina
Enneandria Hexagynia.
79 Butomus umbeilatus
De CANDRIA Digynia.
80 Saxifraga granulata
81 tradaHylites
82 Saponaria officinalis
83 Chryfofplenium oppofitifolium
Decandria Trigynia. .
84 Stellaria Holollea
D ecandria Pentagynia.
85 Sedum album
86 acre
87 dafyphyllum
88 Telepbium
89 Oxalis Acetofella
90 Lychnis dioica
gl Flos cuculi
92 Agrollemma Githago
93 Ceraflium femidecaifdrum
94 vifeofum
9,5 vulgatum
95 aquaticum
Dodecandria Monogynia.
Plate.
97 Lythrum Salicaria
Dodecandria Trigynia.
98 Euphorbia peplus
99 Heliofcopia
Dodecandria Dodecagy
100 Sempervivum tedlorum
ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
101 Fragaria ilerilis
102 Potemilla reptans
103 An ferina
104 Geum urbanum
Polyandria Monogynia.
105 Papaver Rhceas
Polyandria Polygynia.
106 Adonis autumnalis
107 Ranunculus bulbofus
108 hirfutus
109 acris
110 Ficaria
111 auricomus
112 fceieratus
113 Anemone nemorofa
114 Caltha paludris
Didynamia Gymnospermia.
115 Verbena ofhcinalis
116 Lamium purpureum
117 amplexicaule
T18 album
119 Thymus Acinos
120 — Serpyllum
121 Ajuga reptans
122 Glechoma hederacea
123 Betonica officinalis
124 Stachys fylvatica
125 paluftris
126 Scutellaria gaiericulata
Didynamia Angiospermia.
127 Euphrafia Odontites
128 Antirrhinum Cymbalaria
129 Elatme
130 Linaria
131 fpurium
132 Digitalis purpurea
Tetradynamia Siticulosa.
133 Draba verna
134 Thlafpi Burfa palloris
Tetradynamia Siliquosa.
135 Eryfimum Alliaria
136 Arabis thaliana
137 Braflica muralis
138 Cardamine amara
139 pratenfis
140 Sifymbrium fylveftre
Monadelphia Decandria.
141 Geranium cicutarium
142 robertianum
M3 molle
144 pyrenaicum
Monadelphia Polyandria.
145 Malva fylveflris
146' rotundifolia
Diadelphia Hexandria.
147 Fumaria officinalis
Diadelphia Decandria.
148 Orobus tuberofus
149 Ervum hirfutum
150 tetrafpermum
151 Trifolium ornithopodioides
152 fubterraneum
153 fragi ferum
154 agrarium
155 repens
Plate.
156 Lotus corniculatus
157 Medicago lupulina
158 arabica
139 Lathyrus pratenlis
POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA,
160 Hypericum pulchrum
161 perforatum
162 hirfutum
163 humifufum
164 Androfemum
Syngenesia Polygamia
AQUALIS.
165 Leontodon Taraxacum
166 Lapfana communis
167 Sonchus oleraceus
168 Hypochaeris radicata
169 glabra
170 Bidens cernua
171 Carduus marianus
172 Picris echioides
Syngenesia Polygamia
Superflua.
173 Erigeron acre
174 Senecio vulgaris
175 Bellis perennis
176 Tuffilago Pctalites
177 Farfara
178 Inula dyfenterica
179 pulicaria
Syngenesia Monogamia.
180 Viola odorata
181 hirta
182 canina
183 tricolor
184 paluftris
Gynandria Diandria.
185 Ophrys apifera
186 ovata
187 Orchis mafcula
188 Morio
Gynandria Polyandria.
189 Arum maculatum
Monoeci a Triandria.
190 Carex pendula
Monoecia Polyandria.
191 Poteriura Sanguiforba
192 Typha latifolia
193 anguftifolia
Dioecia Enneandria.
194 Mercurialis perennis
Dioecia Monadelphia.
195 Hydrocharis Morfus Ranae
Polygamia Monoecia.
196 Atriplex haftata
Cryptogamia Filices.
197 Afplenium Scolopendrium
198 Polypodium vulgare
199 Ofmunda fpicant
Cryptogamia Musci.
200 Bryum fcoparium
201 undulatum
202 hornum
203 truncatulum
204 viridulum
205 fubulatum
206 argenteum
207 cefpititium
208 Hypnum proliferum
209 fericeum
210 purum
211 Polytrichum fubrotundum
Cryptogamia Fungi.
212 Agaricus ovatus
213 fimetarius
214 glutirtofus
215 plicatilis
216 ohreatus
217 Hydnum aurifcalpium
218 Phallus impudicus
END OF VOL. I.