no r '/ < Dr. WALfER's DISCOURSE Before the HUMANE SOCIETY. <^ A?a Semi-annual Meeting of the Humane Society, of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, June 12, 1798* VOTED, That the firjl Vice President, fecond Vice- President, Rev. Dr. Barnard, Hon. Judge Paine, and the Rev. Dr. Parker, be a Committee to wait upon the Rev. Dr. Walter, and to return him the thanks of this Society, for his elegant and ingenious Difcourfe delivered this day, and to requefl of him a copy for the Prefs. An ExtracJ from the Minutes of the Humane Society, JOHN AVERY, Record*g Secretary. DISCOURSE DELIVEREp BEFORE THE HUMANE SOCIETY OF THE COMMONWEALTH of MASSACHUSETTS, AT THE SEMIANNUAL MEETING TWELFTH OF JUNE, I798. / X ✓""' V By WILLIAM WALTER, D.D. RECTOR of CHRIST CHURCH in BOSTON, BOSTON: Printed by JOHN & THOMAS FLEET, at the bible .AND HEART, CORN HILL, MDCCXCVIII. TO The VICE-PRESIDENTS, The TRUSTEES, AND MEMBERS of the HUMANE SOCIETY, OF THE COMMONWEALTH of MASSACHUSETTS^ THIS DISCOURSE is with DIFFIDENCE SUBMITTED, BY THEIR AFFECTIONATE FRIEND, AND VERY FAITHFUL SERVANT, JVILLIAM WALTER, A D I SCOURSE. Galatians vi. 9. Let us not be weary in Well-doing, X HEWeaknefs and Imperfection of the human Mind is not more vifible in thofe vain and trifling Objefts which Men too commonly purfue, than in the Eafe with which, while profecuting the bell, they yield to Oppofition and fink under the Preffure of Difficulties. While the Wifdom and the Goodnefs of God are abun- dantly manifefted as well in revealing to Men the greatObjefts de- fending their Attention, as in thofe gracious Promifes and kind Invi- tations which fill the facred Volumes, and are intended as Checks to thisfuccumbingDifpofition, and as Incentives to Diligence andPer- fcverance in Duty. Among thofe, that which I have now read to you, is not the leaft confiderable, nor the leaft applicable to a Society like that before which I have now the Honor to ftand. You ( 6 ) You will then permit me to enlarge a little on thofe aclive Scenes of Life, in which the Man and the Chriftian fhould be engaged : The Difficulties which he may probably expeft to meet with in the Way : And the many Encouragements by which he is animated to rife fuperior to them, and if poflible to reach tlie defued Goal. In afcertaining what belongs to Man, we muft endeavour to in- veftigate theDefign of the Creator in his original Formation ; for clearly, to purfue thatDefign mufl be right. When we contemplate the Great Firft Caufe, if Duft and Afhes, may be allowed to lift its trembling Views to an Height fo tranfcen- dent, an Objea of Majefty is prefented to the Mind, infinite in all the effential Attributes of Wifdom, Goodnefs and Power, inhabiting Eternity, and complete in Self-Enjoyment. To fuch a perfeft Caufe no conceivable Reafon can be affigned for calling into Exiftence any intelligent Being, or Order of Intclleauals.but to communicate to them a Portion of that Happinefs which dwells confummate in p Himfelf; for who can add to that which is infinite? Can Man be profitable to his Maker ? Man, whofe very Exiftence is an Indul- gence ! Or, can the Angels bring any Acceffion of Glory to Him, when he charges their Wifdom with Folly, and declares that their belt Services, like the Heaven in which they dwell, are not pure in his Sight ? On this Ground let us fuppofe the Infinite Mind forming in the Operations of his own Wifdom, the beneficent Decree, that the whole Extent ( 9 ) Extent of Space fhall be filled with Creatures of Intelligence; and behold, the heavenly World is ftored with Spirits knowing their Maker's Will, and fubjecl to a Law : Cherubim and Seraphim, Angels and Archangels, Principalities and Powers, ftand forth con- fpicuous, of various Grades of Excellence, forming a Chain of In- telligents, from the higher! Seraph to the humbleft Spirit; WillIng to proceed the Decree is pari, and Spirit fhall be allied to Flefh. Beings incapable of fubfifling in pure either, fhall have Habitations fuitable, and well furniffied for theirRefidence. He fpeaks^ and behold ! thofe Suns which appear fo magnificent in the great Concave, inftantly exifl ; Suns which the Eye of an Hcrfchel or a Newton, affifled by their beft telefcopic Glaffes, is unable to number: He commands, and behold ! thofe Suns are furrounded with Planets. and their concomitant Satellites* prepared with all the Accommoda- tions for embodied Spirits. It is not improbable that the Inhabitants c>f thofe coiirttlefs Worlds which roll iuceffantly around their central Fires, forming Sy Items beyond Syfiems, are endued with different Degrees of Intelle6l, and different Modes of attaining that Happinefs for which they were made. We may not fet Bounds to that which is Infinite. And the greater the Variety, the more aftonifhing is that Wifdom, and the higher in our Eflimation does the Character rife ©f Him who is the Maker and the equal Governdur of them AIL Pursuing this train of Thought, let us turn our Attention to the' Globe, which isdeftined by the allwife Creator,'to be the Refidence of Mart ; and alfo to Man himfelf, the illuftrious though temporary Inhabitant thereof j for here we leave the Regions of Conjecture or very imperfeft Information, and have Experience, authentic Hiftoryj or Revelation for our Guide. PoweR C » ) POWER infinite enters into the veiy Idea of Creation J for nothing fhort of the infinite DivineWord could give Exiftence vifible to that which once was not. And our beft Conceptions of a World effected by infinite Power, fuggefted by infiniteGoodnefs, and directed by infinite Wifdom, would be one where Population and Enjoyment would go hand in hand,; where Soil would be productive ; Climate mild ; and the alternate Returns of Light and Darknefs fo nearly equal, as to afford a fuitable Time both for Labour and Reft, That fuch was our Earth in its original Coiiftru&ion We rhay prd* bably infer, partly from its prefent State, and partly from thofe various Appearances which are no otherwife to be accounted for, than by acknowledging that it has undergone fome moft violent Concuffion, when theFountains of the great Deep were broken up, when the Land was here piled into Mountains which mock the Skies, leaving there an immenfeVoid to be covered over by the mighty Waters of the Pacific, thelndian, and the Atlantic Oceans ; and fuch a Call of Axis as to give in fome Parts of the Earth, a moft unfriendly Alternation of Night and Day, and fuch an Extreme of Cold and Heat, as to render almoft, if not altogether uninhabitable the frozen Regions of the Polar Circles, and the arid Sands of the Arabian Defert: as if intended by Divine Providence that we fhould have perpetually prefent to our Senfes thofe ftrong Marks of our Maker's Anger, for theTranfgreffions of our Forefathers, that we, their Children, might be thereby reftrained from their Offences, and be held, through Fear of fimilar Difpleafure, in th« firait and humble Walks of entire Obedience. Let us next turn our Thoughts to Man himfelf : and what will be our Ideas of a Spirit formed for Happinefs, and deftined by infinite Wifdom ( 9 ) Wifdom to find it inaVehide of Flefh, and in a World iikethat which we have defcribed ; we-'fhould expect to find him poffeffed of a Mind large ariftl capacious to contemplate his Maker and his Works, to know his Will,to adore his Excellence, and with Pleafure to ferve him. Pof1 feffing Affections warm and generous to every Individual of his own Species^ delighting in their Converfation, arid rejoicing in their Prof- perity as in his own ; with Appetites and Paffions well direfted,and refting in that Point whereNature ,had formed theLimits of juft Grati- fication. In his domeftic Character we fhouW expect to fee him ex- hibiting Ihe venerable Wifdorri of a Patriarch, with all the tender Cha- rities fo ftrongly claimed by the endearing Relations of Hufband; Parent.Friend.—Unite thefe happyFamilies and you have Societies of fmaller and of larger Size, where orte Language, one Religion, the Love of God and of Mankind; one Intereft, the Good of all, prevail: thus forming a little Heaven on Earth, emblematical of, and prepara- tive to, that more glorious Heaven above, into which they would be, in their feveral Generations, like Enoch and Elijah, fuceeffively tranflated* Such are our Ideas of human Perfection, and fuch we have authen- tic Teftimony that he was, for fo we are exprefsly told, G,od madeMctri upright; God created Man after his own-Image : Expreffions clearly declarative of perfect Rectitude in all his Powers. But alas ! where fhall we find the Original of this Pi£lure ? the Portrait charms; but where is the Man ? where is the Nation,,the lovely Union of fuch hap*py Families ? If we look into our own Bofoms are they not tarn with confiifting Paffions ? Is there not a perpetual Warfare between the Spirit and the Flefh ? Are we not all ienfible of that melancholly Truth deliver'd by St. Paul, When I zvoula\ do good, Evil is prefent with mr. Q l« r » J ir you go forth in fearch of this admired Character, is not each Man you meet a Cabinet of Secrets clofely locked, as if harbouring Sufpicions by you meditated againft him, or ftudious to conceal the Advantage which he propofes to take of you?: Let us look into Families, and how often do we find the Members; through Decency, fmothering theDiflikes which prevail among them, or openly contending, and finally feparating ?—Would we look for Nations united on this broad Plan of Brotherhood and Happinefs ; crofs but the neareft Ocean; and you are ftopt on your firft landing : a Babel is pfefented ; their Speech is ftrange; their Language is riot under flood : you afk for Bread arid they give you a Stone. Turn to any other Quarter, and the fame Scene prefents itfelf. Will you take an Interpreter, or afk for fome impartial Volume to give you the Hiftory of that Nation, and the other Nations of the Earth, and what are the Contents, but the Narration of Civil Contefts and everlafting Wars, the Effects of vile Avarice or viler Jealoufy, proud Ambition^ black Malice, or infatiable Revenge ? interfperfed indeed with a few Years of Reft from this horrid Work of Defolation, which is called Peace, but is only an Armifiice, a Ceffation from Hoftilfties, to gather Strength for fome future Contefl, a Calm dreadfully foreboding an- other and rftore fundus Storm. The Shades of this Night-Piece are indeed happily relieved with an Effufion of Light; fome beautiful Contrafts, fome prominent Figures of Religion, Literature and Humanity/ wliofe Writings, and whofe Labours of Love, are fufficient to compenfate for the Evils Which we have detailed. As in the Ruins of fome ancient City, we are able from what remains, to trace out its former Limits, the Gran- deur ( *1 ) deurof its Buildings, the Riches and architeflural Knowledge of its Founder; fo here, by thefe happy Reliefs on a deep dark Ground, we are infhrucled, that though Man is degraded, he is not forfaken : if he is not what he once was, yet we fee what by divine Graqe he may be, and are brought to acknowledge that Righteoufnefs hath looked down from Heaven, and that Goodnefs and mercy do ftill follow him. But how are we to account for this Degradation, this partial Enjoy? ment, this Abounding of Evi} ?—Whence the Origin of Evil, how thefe Shades fhould have obtained an Entrance into this fair Creation, is a Queflion that has puzzled the acuteft Philofophers that the World has ever produced, and has diftreffed many worthy Minds.—While they have acknowledged and bewailed the Effect, they have been at a lofs to difcover the Caiife. That infinite Power might have pre- vented it, muft be allowed, or it muft be allowed that there is in Nature a Power fuperior to infinite, which is abfurd : that it muft have been admitted by Permifjion of God, is therefore evident. But why ? Is it confiftent with infinite Goodnefs to create a World in which Evil exifts in ten thoufand Forms ? Is it poffible to adjuft this with the Idea of a Place and a Race of Beings deftined for Happinefs ? Clouds and Darknefs reft upon this Subject: when viewed by the Light of unaflifted Reafon. But Reafon, enlightened by Revelation, adopts the Conclufion of the great Englifh Moralift, * " Moral Evil is of Man, is occafioned by Free Will, which implies unneccffitated Choice ; neceffary Choice would make Man a Ma- chine : Natural Evil is of God, and is the Confequcnce of moral,— for Correction ; but with all the Evil that there is, no Man but would rather be a Free Agent, than a mere Machine withoutthe Evil; and what is beft for each Individual, muftbe beft for the Whole." In f Dr. Samuel Johnfon. Sec alfo Fletcher, Vol. v. p. 18, ( " > In all Governments and in all Worlds, that is deemed good, where there is a Predominance of Enjoyment. I therefore add, there is no Man, who poffeffes his mental Faculties undifturbed, but will ac- knowledge that he has fo much Happinefs, though furrounded with great Diflrefs, that he had rather remain in his prefent Situation, than to drop into a State where he muft lofe the Enjoyment which he now has. And if the Happinefs of each Individual is fuch, then the Mafs of Happinefs in the World muft be fuperiorto the Mafs of Mifery, and then both the Goodnefs of God, and the Syftem of prevailing Happinefs is vindicated. The only Objection to this Doctrine is, that in a Plan of infinite Perfection, we fhould expect to find the greater Share of Happinefs uniformly attached to the greater Share of Virtue, and of Mifery to Vice, but that we do not find it thus proportioried, I answer,—In the firft place we are very incompetent Judges of our own Happinefs, feldom judging rightly between real and ima- ginary Evil ; much lefs of others. We are apt to judge thofe happy who roll in affluence and ftand in elevated flations, but we know not the Arrows which rankle in the great Man's fide, nor the Thorns with which his pillow is transfixed : and fo of Mifery, we are prone to think thofe wretched who dwell in Hovels, and whofe tattered Raiment is fcarce fufficient to guard them from the Fro ft ; not con fidering that beneath this unpromifing exterior there may be a Firmnefs oi Con- ftitution which defies the Cold ; a Keennefs of Appetite which makes fweetthe mouldy Cruft; and an internal Enjoyment which the Wealth of both Indies cannot purchafe. But let us fuppofe the worft, that good and evil are very unequally diftributed among the children of men, what is the Confluence ? Not that the Ways of God are unequal, ( *3 ) unequal, or that there is not upon Earth a Predominancy of Good, but that the prefent world is not the whole of human exiftence, but a part only ;: and that there awaits us another and eternal {late, where all thefe irregularities fhall be duly adjufted, wherein oppreffed vir- tue fhall be amply rewarded, and vice however exalted here, fhall be moft certainly punifhed. This is faintly adumbrated in the heathen Mythology ; is perfectly confentaneous to our beft internal fenti- ments ; and is verified by the Chriftian Revelation, that divine Reli- gion which, arrayed in white and holy vefture, came down from above ; which prefents herfelf to every man coming into the world, and onty'afks to be embraced, to enlarge his Capacity and to increafe his Stores of Happinefs : a Declaration which has been juftified by the experience of thoufands, and thoufand thoufands of her Children. Notwithstanding which, horrid to relate ! there are who by every Art endeavour to blacken and deftroy it: who call it aMonftei generated by Pride on Intereft ; the fouleft of Superftitions whofe every veftige ought to be fwept away. But thanks to our God, the great Promife ftands, that though wounded it fhall not fall, though bitterly affailed the Gates of Hell fhall never prevail againfl it. Others there are not quite fo violent, who are willing to admit its Right of Exiftence in common with other Religions, yet can fee little to render it worthy of general Acceptance. To thefe the excellent Pa ley * well obferves, " Had Jefus Ghrift delivered no other Declaration thai) the following,—the Hour is coming in the v:hich all who are in the Grave fhall hear his Voice, andfliall come forth—they that have done well to the Rcfurrrclian of Life, and they that have done Evil unto the Refurreclion of Damnation"—He had pronounced a Meffage of inef- timable Importance, and well worthy of that fplendid Apparatus ot Prophecy * Archdeacon of Carlifle. Book v. ch. 9. ( H ) Prophecy and Miracles with which his Miffionis introduced and attefted :—a Meffage in which the wifeft of Mankind would re- joice to find an Anfwer to their Doubts, and Reft to their Inquiries. It is idle to fay that a Future State had been difcovered already. It had been difcovered as the Copernican Syflem was : It was one Guefs among many. He alone difcovers who proves, and no man can prove this point, but the Teacher who teftifies by Miracles that this Doctrine comes from God." ^ All this is Truth, great and important Truth : but had thebleffed Jefus delivered no other Meffage than this, we fhould ftill hare been left in a ftate of extreme Perplexity : We muft have gone back to the Wanderings of our own Minds, to the uncertain Conclufiqns of our imperfect Reafon to be determined concerning that Well-doing to which is annexed the Promife of a Refurrecjion unto. Life ; and pur Inquiries after the Means would probably have been as multi- farious and contradictory as were formerly our Refearches after the End. But as He came to inform us not only qf a Refurrection of the Body and a Life to cqme, but alfo tq communicate to us the whole Will of God ; and the Communication of that Will was entered upon Record ; and that Record is by the Providence of God trans- mitted to us ; we have only to open the facred Volume,,and what we there read to practice. The Leffons there inferted are addreffed tq men in their individual, their foctal and their religious capacities. As Individuals, the Directions to us are to be temperate and pure, file/fed are the pure in Heart for they fhall fee God. As Members of Society, the Inftructions are to be juft and merciful, Bleffedare the Merciful for they fhall obtain Mercy. IN ( 15 ) IN bur religious Capacity or as Beings capable of holding Com- munion with God, we are directed to be fervent in Spirit, Bk/fed are they who do hunger and thirfl after Righteoufnefs* It is not enough that we have fulfilled the former Duties, we muft add this as the Crown of our moral Character. CHRIST IS OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS ; to him fhould our ftrong Defires be ; his Image fhould be deeply engraven on the Heart of eveiy Dif- ciple, and his Image is Love, Love to God and Love to Men. Tho walkiilg orl Earth his Mind'was in Heaven : his chief De'fire was1 to bring Honor to his Father, to do his Father's Work. And all hid Miracles of Love he afcribes to the Power and the Grace of God ; and thus he glorified his Father in Heaven. But though his Mind was in Heaven, his Feet lightly re fled upon Earth, and he went about doing good ; good to the Souls and the Bodies of Men, inftructing the Ignorant, reclaiming the Vicious, giving Bread to the Hungry, and Confolation to the Mourners. This was well done. Thus pa fled his Hours, thofe bright and fplendid Hours, in one only of which Aftonifhment feizes the Mind while we read the variety and the num- ber of his miraculous Exertions. In that fame Hour, fays the Hiuo- rian of his Life, in the prefence of the Meffengers of John, he cured manyof their Infirmities, and Plagues, and evil Spirits j go your way now, faid Jefup anfwering, and tell John what Things ye have heard and feen—how that the Blind fee, the Lame zoalk, the Lepers are cleanfed, the Deaf hear, the Dead are raifed, and to the Poor the Gofpel is preached. What an Hour!—Thus doing he diffufed Joy through Heaven as well as Earth, and received the Approbation oLthe glori- ous God in Words mild but energetic ; a Voice from Heaven was beard, This is my beloved Son in zchpm I am wellpleafed, hear him, Is- i ,<; . In relieving the Miferies of Men, increafing the Quantity of Hap- pinefs upon Earth, and in bringing Glory to God, confifted the con- tinual Bufinefs of that fhort Life which he paffed among Men.—> His Path, like the dawning of the material Sun, growing brighter and brighter unto the perfect Day, on which, having given himfelf a Sacrifice for Men, a Sacrifice of Atonement for the Sins ot the? whole World, he afcended -to the Right Hand of his Father in the World of Glory. ' Blessed and forever bleffed be his reverend and Holy Name ! In the Imitation therefore of all the imitable parts of his Cha- racter, by aiming to leffen the Quantity of Evil, and to enhance the Portion of Happinefs among Men j and afcribing both the Will and the Power of doing it to the Riches of the Grace of God, confifts the Great Bufinefs of Well-doing, While employed in thefe de- lightful Occupations we are treading in the Steps of the divine Re- deemer, we are fulfilling the Will of our Maker, we are engaged iri the fame Bufinefs as himfelf, we are Followers of God, and Fellow- Workers with him. It is matter of high Satisfaction, my refpected Hearers, when I look around me to perceive that on all thefe Accounts I ftand on Chriftian Ground, and am furrounded by the Friends of the benevo- lent Meffiah. If I am afked, where are the Teftimonials of your Zeal for God ? I anfwer, in the free Publication and very general Adoption of the Sacred Volumes ; in the Obfervation of the Sab-^ bath ; in the various Schools and Seminaries of Learning, where our Youth are inftructed in the Principles of Virtue and Piety j and in thofe numerousEdifices which are at once the Ornaments of our Cities-. ( »7 ) Cities, and afford convenient Places of afjembling, both ftated and bccafional, for the Worfhip of our God.—If I am queftioned where are the Evidences of your Regard for Men, for the Poor andtheDif- treffed ? Let me lead the Inquirer to thofe Buildings purpofely erected by bur venerable Anceftors for reclaiming the Idle and Vici- ous, and for affording an Afylum to the Aged and the Difeafed,whofe Circumftances will no longer enable them to fupport an Indepen- dency of Station, but compel them to afk the Protection of the Public; and to folicit thofe Benefactions which they once bellowed. These have been uniformly fupported at an heavy 'Expenfe, but cheerfully defrayed by the Municipality at large. And though great Complaints have been made, and perhaps with Juftice, of the Inade- quacy of the Buildings to the Numbers foliciting AdmifTion ; yet muft it be CQrifeffed, that great Good has been effe£led*by them ; and with Pleafure We look forward to the Time, and at no great diftance, when, upon a Scite more favorable, already purchafed, Buildings every way worthy of this ancient and refpe£ted Town, will be conftructcd for this public and beneficent Purpofe. . Let us go next to thofe more limited Chavitie?, the Maflachufetts; the Scots, the Epifcopal charitable Societies ; the Marine, the Me- chanic, the various Mafonic Societies ; all formed upon this fame benevolent Plan, that of affording Relief to the Indigent of certain Defcriptions, and great is the Number which are thereby annually re- lieved, whofe Hearts do thus exult and fing aloud for Joy. Nor let me pafs unnoticed, one which has been recently eftab- lifhcd for the Purpofe of difpenfing gratuitoufly, Medicine and q Aliment ( i8 ) Aliment, and Medical Advice ; which promifes to be of great public Utility, arid of courfeismoft honorary to its Founders and its Members* Agriculture, which ftands foremoft among the Arts, whofe Exercffe is Health* and whofe Fruits are Plenty and Wealth, and Independence, finds here a Society whofe Object is, at their own Expenfe, to colleSl from every Quarter, the beft Information upon the Subject, and freely to point out to our young Farmers the Errors Of our prefent Hufbandry ; to fhew them a better Mode ofCultivation^ and of rural CEconomy ; and thus how to turn their Labour to their own greateft Emolument and the Benefit of the Publick.—A moft ufeful Charity this, in a Country like ours, juft emerging from its native Wildnefs, and which has already effe&ed Changes the moft valuable and important. The Element of Fire, fo ufeful to all the Arts, fo neceffary to the rendering of our Apartments comfortable in the dreary Seafon of Winter, and for all culinary Purpofes^ fomctimes thro' Gareleffnefs or by mere Accident, fuddenly burfts forth and bids Defiance to Oppo- fition, till it has laid wafte the Dwelling of fome deferving Family, and reduced perhaps to Penury, a Parent and his Children who lately lived atEafe. To guard againft this Evil, two Societies are incorporated for equalizing fuch Loffes at a moderate Premium by Infurance ; and another to compenfate in fome Meafure the mord indigent Sufferers, and to place them again in Circumftances to purfue, without Anxiety, their former Occupatiorrs.- ANother Element, whofe Ufes are fo various for the Cleanlinefs, the Health, and the Comforts of Mankind, that our loudeft Eulogiums ' fall ( *:1 ) tall vaftly fhortot its real Value. Yet even this may become the Oc-* cafion of deep Suffering and of Death.—How often are Boats, in paffing Rivers or fbms Arm of the Sea, unhappily overturned ? How olten does the induftrious Labourer fall from Shipping and from Wharves, and Children into fmaller Collections of Water, and are fuffocated ? but if timely extracted and judicioufly treated, that Ani- mation which was fufpendcd may be reftored, and many valuable Lives given back to Society and their Friends.----Or when the Mariner, long abfent from his Family and Home, is returning from a diftant Voyage, ; the Canvafs fwells—the Mountains lift their well-! known Summits in the far-diftantHorizon, Imagination places him in Safety upon Land ; and already in Idea he embraces all that he holds moft dear ;—when, fuddenly, the Wimfc veer round ; Clouds fill the Firmament ;—tV Tempeft rages ;—the Cold incrcafes ;— Night comes on,—the Waves rife tremendous ;—his Ship is water- logged ;—the Helm is ufclefs ;—the Breakers are around him ;—? he prays for Help, but there is none to hear ;—he drops his An- chors, but they refufe to hold ;—the Rocks receive him ;—and with the Wreck the Crew is call upon a naked Shore, perhaps covered witli Fields of Ice. A Part pcrifh, and a Part are juft able to creep beyond the reach of thofe Billows which roar furioufly and threaten to bring them again into Jeopardy. And th^y muft at laft yield to Fatigue, and Cold, and want of that Nourifhment which if attainable they might ftill live. To afford Relief in thefe trying Cafes is that Society formed which is here affembled, and whofe Worth wants no Encomiaft.—r By your judicious Publications, pointing out the beft Methods of refloring Animation to Pcrfons, bv Suffocation, apparently dead ; by ( »o ) by erecting fmall Huts on the moft defolate and dangerous Coafts, and fupplying them with the Materials which the Ship-wrecked Ma- riner moft needs, to guard what remains of Life, to warm his fhiver- ing Limbs, to cheer his Spirits, and to heal his Wounds ; and alfo by fuitable Donations to encourage the Exertions of Spectators, and thofe who are near at hand ; by thefe Methods much has been done ; a"nd from the refpectable Characters of our prefiding Officers, the Truflees, and other Members of this. Society, much, we may affu- redly predict, will yet be done in promoting and effe£ting the great Plan of Humanity, the godlike Plan of univerfal Happinefs. Happy Columbia, on whofe Shores thefe valuable Inftitutions have thus early found a place ! for you they fhall ere£t a Barrier more ftupendous than Alps or Apennines ; for you they fhall fecure the Protection of that Providence which is a Refuge from every Blaft, a fafe Shelter from every Storm. Uplifted on their Wings, your Fame fhall reach the Regions which the Sun firfl vifits and the lajl: they fhall do more, they fhall exalt thine Honors to the Throne of Heaven, for they are fuch as the recording Angel delights to mark upon the Pages of Eternity. But notwithftanding thefe juft and favorable Pofitions, we hear it faid that thefe Inftitutions are rather for Oftentation* than for real Ufe ; to adorn fome annual Calendar, or fwell the Pages of fome modern Gazetteer ; that they originate in Pride not Benevolence ; that Numbers are enlifled to advance a Few ; that the Good which is done, is engroffed by thofe ; and that after all, much is affirmed or prom i fed, * Videri non fieri. 1 C 2* ) promifed, and but little effected. At Scoffs like thefe many amiable but timid Minds are alarmed, and through fear bf being wounded by the Shafts of Slander, they either refufe to join us, or they quit the Field and withdraw intb Retirement. But fhould they not con- fider, that, all Societies from the very Nature of them are public, and, like Cities upon Hills, cannot be concealed. And as Numbers cannot fdddenly and fo often be convened as Occafion may require, for the Whole to delegate to a Few, the Power of tranfacting the Concerns of the Whole during the Seafons of its Separation, has ever been found falutary and wife; and where the Obje£t of the Society is general or partial Good, and the Truftees are willing to give their Time and Attendance, without any other Reward than the Approbation of their Conftituents and their own Breafts, the Arrows of Malevolence fall harmlefs, and Honor will attach itfelf to them, whether their Exertions are lefs or more produftive of the Benefit intended. But what is chiefly to be lamented, the General Affociation. when they find their Good continues to be Evil fpoken of ; when their beft Communications are not attended to ; when they find their little Repofitories for the Relief and Comfort of the Ship-wrecked are purloined by theThoughtlefs, the Unfeeling and the Avaricious ; and in Truth, that the Benefit does not fully equalize their fir ft fanguine Expectations, their Magnanimity fails them, their Zeal degenerates to Lukewarmnefs, they are faint while purfuin^, and are in danger of becoming altogether weary of the Purfuit. But, my moft worthy Friends, are there not through all the Depths of Reafon and Religion, through all the Range of Earth and Heaven, Inducements to be found fufficient to balance thefe Obftacles, to check ( 62 ) check thefe Defpondencies, to animate us to manly Perfeyerance, and to carry us on to- final Viftory and Triumph ? Is it not the Voice of Nature, is it not the Command of Infpiration that, as we have Opportunity, we fhould do Good unto all*Men ? Have we not in the Great Head of our Religion a ftrong Example of this beneficent perfevering Spirit ? Is there not a fweet Confolation to the Mind in reflecting that, though little Good has been effe&ed by us, it was aU that our beft Exertions could procure. Is there not a Spring of Joy refulting from the Hope that more may yet be done ? and is not our own Happinefs increafed by making others happy ? Sympathy is one of the beft Principles of our Nature. Do we not enter with Eagernefs into the Diftreffes of thofe who have juft received the Information that a dear Relative or valuable Friend is loft, or in imminent Danger ? do we not wifh it were in our Power to bring back the Spirit that is, to all Appearances, fled ? do we not watch, with an Anxiety not to be defcribed, the Exertions that are making to reftore Warmth to the cold Body, and Refpira- tion to the breathlefs Corps ? And if the Efforts fucceed, with what Exultation do we meet the opening Sight, and give back to the Parent a darling Child, to the Wife a beloved Hufband. Think, what were the Raptures of the Widow of Serepta when Elijah reftored her Son ? What were the Senfations of the Widow of Nain when the Divine Redeemer ftopt the Bier, and bid the young Man awake, and the frantic Mother receive her only Son ? What were the Exulta- tions of Mary and Martha when the fame God-Man commanded the Stone to be rolled from the Mouth of the Tomb, and bid Lazarus come forth, and join his weeping Sifters ? Joys fimilar to thefe you have often witneffed ; and probably will many more. And is not I *& ) riot this a Reward amply fufficient for all the Wealth* and Labout that you have hitherto expended; or may yet expend. Were the Dead permitted to return, could the Shades of our departed Friends appear, the Shades of Bowdoin, Rufj"ell, Mafon^Clarke^ eould they fpeak, would they direct, us to break the Chains of our Union, and fufpend Our Work, or, would they not rather fay to us, in Accents fweet as the Notes of Angels; " Ceafe not, ye Friends of " Humanity, from the Employment which we loved ; they are " approved of Heaven ; they gladden the delightful Regions where " we dwell ; they fill with Incenfe the Manfions which the Re- " deemer is preparing for his Friends " If we are, as the Oracles of Truth atteft, the Objects of Angelic Attention ; if Angels are commanded to encamp around us, and the heavenly Hofts are rhiniflering Spirits to the Heirs of Salvation ; in what Services can we be employed more agreeable to them, than iri guarding our Fellow-men agairift Evils flmilar to thofe in which they are engaged while protecting Us ?—And if there is Joy iri Heaven over one Sinner that repents, what muft be your Joy iri reftoring Numbers to a new Probation, to further Opportunities of liftening to the Calls of Heaven, and making their Election fure ? What * " But for one End, one much neglected Ufe, " Are Riches worth your Care : (for Nature's Wants " Are few and without Opulence fupplied.) " This Noble End is, to produce the Soul ; " To fhew the Virtues in their faireft Light, " To make Humanity the Minifter " Of bounteoUs Providence ; and teach the Bre?.ft " That generous Luxury the Gods enjoy." Armstrong on Health. 1$. iv. p. ioi; ( H ) What, unlefs it be the Raptures of that la ft Great Scene, when the Heavens, like a Scroll, fhall roll away ; the Earth and the Sea give up their Dead ; when the Almighty Judge fhall defcend beneath the Banners of the Crofs, and all Nations fhall be affembled before him ; when you fhall behold, from amidft this mighty Concourfe, thofe whom you have been inftrumental in recovering to a fecond Life, and who have improved that fecond Trial to the Approbation , of their Saviour God ; when you fhall fee them with expanded Hands, advancing towards" you, with Language of this fort upon their Tongues, "Thefe are the Men, thefe the Friends to whom we " were indebted and were not able to repay their Kindnefs ; thefe are " the Men to whofe Humanity we were when dead indebted, under " God, for a fecond Exiftence, when in danger of Death, for Safety, " for Comfort, and fbr Happinefs." What muft be your Joy, when the benevolent Judge rifing from his Seat fhall fay, "Well done good and faithful Servants, " becaufe you have rendered thefe Services unto the leaft of thefe u my Brethren, you have done them unto me : Come to the King- " dom prepared for you : Enter ye into the Joy of your Lord." Let us, then, not be weary in Well-doing. Yea rather,' Be ye fteadfaft, immoveable, always abounding in the Work of the Lord ; forafmuch as ye know that your Labour fhall not be in vain in the Lord. And now unto Him who is able to keep you from falling, arid fo prefent you fauWefs before the Prefence of his Glory; to; the only Wife God our Saviour, he Glory and Honour, Dominion' and Might henceforth and forever. A M E N. AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING THE ACT of INCORPORATION of the HUMANE SOCIETY of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts^Hc! the RULES and REGULATIONS of faid Society fmce their Incor- poration ; with the METHODS of TREATMENT in Cases of APPARENT DEATH, COMMUNICA- TIONS, TREASURER'S ACCOUNTS, CATALOGUE of MEMBERS, &c. &c. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In the year of our Lord one thoufand /even hundred and ninety one. An Aft to incorporate and eftablifh a Society bv the name of the HU- MANE SOCIETY of the Common wealth of Massachusetts. JTT'HEREAS it is the duty of Government at all times, to countenance and f"PPort tts Clttzens* tn their exertions for alleviating the d'flreffcs of their fl- loiv-mcn : And whereas divers perfons have petitioned this Court, for an ail of incorporation, whereby they may more effectually carry into execution, ihtir benevo- lent defigiis i Be it therefore enaBed by the Senate and Houfe of Roprefentatives in General Court affembled, and by the authority of the fame, That the Hon. Thomas Rufftlli Efq. 'Jonathan Mafon, Efq. John Warren, M. D. Rev. Simeon Howard, D.D. Rev. Samuel Parker, D. D. John Avery, jun. Elq. Rev. John Lathrop, D. D. Rev. Peter Thacher, Rev. John Clarke, Doctor Thomas Welfh, A.-.r.n Dextsr, M. D. and Mr. Nathaniel Batch, together with all thofe who now are, and fuch others who fhall become members thereof, be, and the) D ar? f 26 ) are hereby cre&ed into, and made a body politic corporate forever, bjr the name of the Humane Societv of the Commonwealth of Maffd- chufetts. And he it further tnatledby the authority aforefaid, That the faid Corpora- tion are hereby declared and made capable in law, of having, holding, purchafing and taking in fee-fimple, or any lefs eftate, by gift, grant, de- vife or otherwife, any lands, tenements or other eftate, real and perfonal ; (provided that the annual income of faid real and perfonal eftate, fhall not exceed the fum oi four thoufandpounds)—and alfo to fell, alien, devife or difpofe of the fame eftate, real and perfonal, not ufing the fame in trade or commeftei * And be it further eticlBedly the authority aforefaid, That the1 faid Corporation fhall have full power and authority to make, have and ufe a common feal, and the fame to break, alter arid renew at pleafure ; that it fhall be capable in law to file and be fued, plead and be impleaded, anfwer arid be anfwered unto, defend and be defended, in all Courts of record or other Courts or places whatfoever, in all actions real, perfonal and mixed, and to do and execute all and lingular other matters and things, that to them fhall and may appertain to do. And be it further enaBed by the authority dforefdid, That the faid Corpora- tion may make, eftablifh and put in execution, fuch laws and regulations as may be neceffary to the government of faid Corporation, provided the fame fhall in no cafe be repugnant to the laws and conftittttion of this ftate< And for the well governing of the faid Corporation, and the ordering their affairs, they fhall have fuch officers as they fhall hereafter from time to time, elect and appoint j and fuch officers as fhall be defignated by the laws and regulations of the faid Corporation for the purpofe, (hall be capable of exercifing fuch power for the well governing and ordering the affairs of the faid Corporation, and calling and holding fuch occafional meetings for that purpofe, as fhall be fixed and determined by tlie faid laws and regulations. And be it further enafted by the authority aforefaid, That the end and de- fign of the inftitution of the faid Society, is for the recovery of perfons who meet with fuch accidents as produce in them the appearance of death, and for promoting the caufe of humanity, by puyfuing fuch means from time to time, as fhall have for their object, the prefervation of human life, and the alleviation of its miferies. And ( *7 ) And be it further enaSed, That the place where the firft meeting of th$ faid Society fhall be held, fhall be the town of Boflon ; and that the Hon, Thomas Rulfell, Efq. be and he hereby is authorized and empowered to fix the time tor holding the faid meeting, and to notify the fame to the mem- bers of the faid Society, by caufing the fame to be publifhed in one of the Boflon newfpapcrs, fourteen days before the time fixed on for holding the faid meeting. In the House of Representatives, February 21, 1791. This Bill, having had three feveral readings, paffed to be enacted. DAVID COBB, Speaker. In Senate, February 23, 1791. This Bill having had two feveral readings, paffed to be enafted. SAMUEL PHILLIPS, Prefidcnt. By the Governor, Approved, JOHN HANCOCK. Atteft, John Avery, jun. Sec, The INSTITUTION of the HUMANE SOCIETY of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, .17 ROM a variety of faithful experiments, and incontcftable fads, it is now confidered as an eftablifhed truth, that the total fufpenfion of tht vital functions in the animal body is by no means incompatible with life, and confequently the marks of apparent death may fubfift without any neceffary implication of an abfolute extinction of the animating principle. The boundary line between life and death, or the diftinguifhing figns of the latter, are objects to which the utmolt efforts of the human capacity have never yet attained. Nor can we with any degree of certainty, pro-: nounce that an animal is dead, until the moft unequivocal proofs of pu- trefaction, have been furnifhed. From thefe facts it might reafonably be expected, ( 28 ) expected, that were proper meafures to be adopted, efpecially in cafes pet puliarly doubtful, we might frequently be enabled to reftore to full life, and the enjoyment of it, a beloved friend, or a valuable member of fociety, And indeed numerous fuccefsful inftances might be adduced in the cafes, of perfons, who would in a few hours have been configned to an untimely grave, and perhaps have fuffered all the horrors of inevitable death, at- tended with a confeioufnefs of their own terrible fituation. It is not, however, to be undcrftood, that any procefs directed tq the above men- tioned purpofe can be equally applicable to all cafes : for as the attempt muft prefuppofe an entire ftate of the vital organs, it is obvious that thofe apparent deaths which are confequent upon difeafe, afford in general, little or no encouragement for fuch attempts. But in moil cafes of fudden death, the vital organs appear to have fuftained but a very flight injury, and only require a feafonable excitement of the heart to renew their action. The exquifite feelings attendant on the unexpected reftoration of an affectionate friend, or an indulgent parent, a dutiful child, or an intimate companion of our bofoms, after having been fuddenly torn from us, and, in imagination, numbered with the dead, may be more eafily conceived than defcribed, nor is the acquifition of one deferving member of fociety an object unworthy the public attention. Upon thefe confiderations Societies have been formed in various parts pf Europe, for promoting attempts to recover perfons from apparent death, efpecially in cafes of fuffocation and drowning. The Humane Society eftablifhed in Great Britain, in 1774, nas been very fuccefsful. Within ten years from its inftitution, out of 1304 perfons apparently dead, from drowning, 790 have been reftored to their friends and country :* Many of them, no doubt, ufeful and valuable men. For an inftitution of this nature a confiderable fund is neceffary, and many occafional expenfes will unavoidably occur. The caufe of humanity, however, deferves every encouragement. And to promote that caufe it is to be hoped the benevo- lent will liberally fubferibe. For thefe falutary purpofes the Legiflature pf this Commonwealth, by their act paffed the laft feffion, have been pleafed to incorporate a Society, by the Name of the Humane Society pf the Commonwealth of Maffachufetts, with ample powers ; and the fol- lowing regulations and arrangements are fubmitted, by the fociety, to the infpection of the public. RULES * By the annual Report of 1797, it appears, that 2198 Lives have been preferred and reftored, fmce the eflablyhment of the Roy! Humans Society\ ( *9 ) RULES for the REGULATION of the HUMANE SOCIETY of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, inftituted in the Town of Boflon, for the recovery of perfons, who meet with fuch'accidents as produce in them the appearance of death, and for promoting the caufe of humanity, by pmfuing fuch means, from time to time, as fhall have for their object the prefervation of human life, and the alle- viation of its miferies. I. ■ That the officers of the fociety fhall confift of a number of Truftees, not exceeding twelve, of whom one fhall be Prefident, two Vice Prefidents, pne Trcafurer, one Recording Secretary and one Correfponding Secretary. H. That the fociety fhall meet twice every year, viz. on the fecond Tuefday in December, and the fecond Tuefday in Jane ; but that the Pre- fident, with the advice of the Truftees, fhall be empowered to call a intel? ing whenever the bufinefs of the fociety fhall require it. III. That the Prefident and Truftees fhall be annually elected, by ballot, on the fecond Tuefday in December. IV. That the Recording Secretary fhall keep a fair copy of all the votes and proceedings of the fociety, and record all fuch cafes and communica- tions as the Truftees fhall direct. V. That the Correfponding Secretary fhall write all letters relating to the bufinefs of the fociety, and fhall write anfwers to all fuch letters as the fociety fhall receive, they being prcvioufly communicated to the Prefident and Truftees affembled. VI. That the Prefident and Truftees, a major part of whom fhall con- stitute a quorum, fhall, during the vacation between the femiannual meet-? ;ngs of the fociety, have the care and management cf the concerns and funds of the fociety, regulate the mode of receiving the annual fubferip- fions, adjudge the premiums due agreeably to the rules of the'fociety, .mil Ko monies fhall be paid by the Trcafurer without their order, f.gned w\ the Prefident, or, in his abfence, by the Vice Prefident, VII. All property belonging to the fociety, whether by dcr.atirn, or other- wife, fhall be held in the name of the feciety, and remain in the hands of theTreafarcr, and in cafe of his death be delivered to the Prefident, until a new Trcafurer fhall be chofen. VJIL ( 3P ) VIII, That any perfon, defirous to become a member of this fociety, fhall be nominated by a member of the fame, to the Truftees, a majority of whom fhall determine his election. IX. Each member fhall annually pay into the hands of the Trcafurer a fum not lefs than one dollar and ten cents, and any perfon refufing to pay for three years fucceffively faid fum, or his fubfcription, fhall no longer be confidered as a member of the fociety, and his name fhall be erafed from the catalogue. X. That a catalogue of the members, with the fums they annually con-i tribute, with the rules of the fociety, fhall once in three years be publifhedj, and diftributed among the members ; together with an account of all dona,- tions received during faid term, and fuch other papers as the Truftees fhall think proper. That fuch gentlemen of the faculty, assail engage to afford their aftiftance towards promoting the views of the fociety, fhall do it gratis. XII. That when any accident fhall happen, producing apparent death, the perfon who fhall firft difcover, and endeavour to recover the fubject, fhall be entitled to receive a fum not exceeding ten dollars, nor lefs than one dollar, to be paid in fuch manner as the Truftees fhall think beft. XIII. That the Truftees be empowered to make fuch compenfations as they fhall think proper, to any one, who fhall receive into his houfe the body of a perfon apparently dead, with a view that means may be ufed for his recovery. XIV.' That any perfon who fhall, by a fingular exertion, fave another from death, fhall receive a fum not exceeding ten dollars, to be paid in fuch manner as the truftees fhall think proper. XV. That the Truftees fhall appoint fome perfon to deliver a public dif- courfe on the fecond Tuefday of June every year, upon fome fubject con- nected with the principal objects of this fociety, and that there be a collec- tion, for the benefit of the Society, upon that day. XVI. ( 3* ) XVI. That the Treasurer fhall annually exhibit his accounts to the Society^ and whenfoever the funds of the faid fociety will admit of a compenfa- tion for his fervices, that he fhall give bonds to the fociety for the faithful performance of his truft; XVII. The Prefident and Truftees may, at their difcretion, at any monthly meeting, admit fuch perfons as honorary members of this Society, as will in their opinion, have a tendency to add refpectability to the fociety, or be the means of promoting its benevolent intentions, provided that fuch per- fons are not inhabitants of this Commonwealth, and the votes of three fourths of the Truftees are in favour of fuch admiffion ; any thing in th^ ninth article to the contrary notwithftarrding. OCCIDIT QUI NON SERVAt. METHODS of TREATMENT to he ufed zvitb Perfons apparently Dead from Drowning. THOUGH the following rnethods are chiefly adapted to cafes of appa- rent death from drowning, yet the Society think it proper to obferve, that moft of the means of reftoratiori herein recommended are applicable to a confiderable variety of other cafe's, fuch as haiiging, coilvulfion fits, fuffocation by damps, or rioxious vapourS, the confined air Of wells,' cifterns, caves, Or the muft of fermenting liquors.—The Society have in fome of the more effential articles of treatment, followed the recom- mendations of Foreign Societies of a fimilar nature ; they have how- ever endeavoured to render them more conformable to the particular circumftances of this country; Tu HE unfortunate perfon is to be conveyed carefully to the neareft houfe : For this purpofe the head is to be raifed a little, as in bed, and the body fhould be carried In a natural and eafy pufture- lit The fubject is to be immediately ftripped, and laid on a warrn bed, and thefkin well dried with heated flannels, the mud and froth to be re- moved from the mouth ana noftrils ; if the body was naked at the time Of the accident, it is then to be furrounded as expeditioufly as poffible with a hot blanket, and thoroughly dried with eoarfe cloths or flannels. i 32 ) in. The fmoke of tobacco thrown up the fundament fhould be ranked among the earlieft applications: Ifafumigator fhould not be at hand, the common pipef will anfwer the purpofe of applying this vapour to the bowels. So eafy and important an operation fhould be repeatedly performed, as the good effects of tobacco fmoke have been proved in many cafes. IV. The fkin is to be gently rubbed with warm woolen cloths, and a warm- ing pan heated (the body being fur rounded widi flannel) may lightly be moved up and dowii the back for a confiderable time. Wooden bottles filled with hot water, &c. or heated bricks covered with flannel, may be effi- cacioufly applied to the foles of the feet, palms of the hands, and other parts of the body. V. If a child has been drowned, its body fhould be wiped perfectly dry* and immediately placed in bed between two perfons of good conftitution ; the falutary effects of the natural vital warmth have been clearly proved in a variety of fuccefsful cafes. VI. The body is to be rubbed with flannels, fprinkled With fpirits, and fo- mentations of hot rum are to be applied to the breaft, &c. and often re- newed. The noftrils may be every now and then tickled with a feather ; fnuff and volatiles fhould be occafionally made ufe of, to excite frieezing if poffible. The various means of recovery fhould be made ufe of by the affiflants for feveral hours ; the body is to be gently fhaken every ten mi- nutes, in order to render the procefs more certainly fuccefsful ; and the bodies of children in particular are to be agitated, by taking hold of their arms and legs frequently, and for a continuance of time. In a variety of inftances agitation, in conjunction with the methods laid down, has for- warded the recovery of boys who had been drowned, and continued for a confiderable time apparently dead. VIL If there be any figns of returning life, fuch as fighing, gafping, con- vulfive motions, pulfation or a natural warmth, a fpoonful of any warm- liquid may be adminiftered ; and if it proves that the power of fwallow- ing is returned, then a cordial draught may be given in fmall quantities^ but not without the direction of aphyfician, VIII. f ffhen the eommsa pipe is ufed, the fmoke is to be blown with the month from the bowl, through the flem, into the fundament, covering the bowl with a hand- "kerchief, or thin piece of linen* 33 ) VIII. When the air is very cold or moift, the various methods of treatment are to be made ufe of near a large fire, or in a heated apartment. On the other hand, if the weather is warm, or fultry, (as in the rummer feafon) the windows and doors of the room fhould be opened $ and in every other poffible way, a cool refrefhing air obtained ; as it is of the greateft impor- tance in bringing forward the latent fpark of life, or in reftoring natural breathing. IX. No perfons are to be admitted into the room, but thofe who are actually employed in exerting their utmoft endeavours fof the recovery of the un- fortunate ; fix perfons are, therefore, the greateft number that can ever prove ufeful on fuch occafions ; and thofe who are byftanders, for the fake of curiofity, fhould be requefted to withdraw, as their prefence may retard* or totally prevent the reftoration.. Bleeding is never to be employed in fuch cafes, unlefs by the direction of one of the medical afjiflants, or fome other refpeSable gentleman of the faculty, who has paid attention to fuch unfortunate accidents. The method's which have been fo fully recommended, are to be made ufe of with vigour for feveral hours, although no favourable circumftanceS fhould arife ; for it is a vulgar and dangerous opinion, to fuppofe that perfons are irrecoverable, becaufe life docs not foon make its appearance ; and upon this opinion, an immenfe number of the feemingly dead, have been committed to the grave ; who might have been RESTORED to LIFE, by refolution a*id perfeveranct in the plans of treatment now recom- mended. The SOCIETY have received the following COMMUNICATIONS, fince their laft Publication. I. Letter from William Haw&s, M.D. Regifter of the Royal Humane Society in London, to the Correfponding Secretary. Reversed Sir, London, Spital Square, July 28, 1797. BY the kindnefs of Mr. Avery I received your obliging letter with fome copies of Dr. Robbins's ingenious difcourfe preached before the Humane Society.—It cannot but afford me and the Managers of the Royal Humane Society a peculiar degree of fatisfaction to find that an Inftitution, replete with fo much benefit to the State, is fixed upon a folid and permanent bafis. E ' To k 34 ) To a mind warmed by a general philanthropy, humanized by philofo* phy, and enlightened by Chriftianity, there cannot be a nobler object to contemplate, than that of the reftoration of a fellow-creature to the blef- fings of exiftence ; befides the fignal advantage conferred upon the indi- vidual by fo tranfcendent an act of benevolence, it advances in an eminent degree the Medical Science. May your efforts in the caufe of Humanity be crowned with fuccefs ; and the Society, of which you are fo worthy a member, continue to abridge the triumphs of death.—I have delayed fending the annual Report, on purpofe to embrace the opportunity of prefenting your Society with Dr. Gregorys Sermon on a fubject of the utrnoft importance to individuals and the public.—You will have the goodnefs to difpofe of them according fo your judgment, and permit me to wifh you and the benevolent friends pf the Maffachufetts Humane Society, every happinefs which this world can afford. I am, Reverend Sir, Your very humble fervant, Rev. Dr. /Parker, WILLIAM HA WES. II. Thefollozuing Communication was made to the Truftees by feveral refped- able Gentlemen, fome of whom were fpeclators of the melancholy Scene. THE Proprietors of the Boflon Pier, finding it would be conve- nient for the fhipping to be fupplied with water on the fpot, undertook to have a Well dug on faid Pier, and had advanced to the depth of 30 feet.* July 27, 1797, one of the workmen coming out of the well, as the tide began to make into it, complained of faintnefs, and fup- pofed it proceeded from having overworked himfelf. The well was then covered over, and heavy weights laid upon the top to prevent the curb from rifing. Soon after Mr.TimothyTilefton, the mafter-workman, went down into the well, contrary to the advice of fome perfons prefent, who appre- hended danger from the flowing in of the tide. But fuppofing his flay yvould be but fhort, he proceeded, and had not been down more than a minute or two, than the mephitic air pf the well fuffocated him, and he fell fpeechlefs. Samuel Bunting, one of his workmen, finding Mr. Tilefton thus affected, let himfelf down by a rope, and as he was making it faft to Tilefton's body, was feized in the fame manner. William Hancock, a failor from Penobfcot, paffmg by and feeing the two unhappy men in this fitua- tion, inftantly let himfelf down by the fame rope that Bunting did, and had no fooncr reached the bottom, than he met the fame unhappy fate j and all * The firfl firatum, of about l $ feet, was through the made ground of the wharf. The next of 12 feet, confifted of clay and earth, then a fratum of marfh mud, unconfumed roots, intermixed with fhells and marine productions, which, on being diflurbed, yielded an uncommon fetid fmell. ( 35 J all three lay to appearance dead, and muft have expired before affiftance could have been given them, had it not been for the felf-poffeiTion and confideration of Mr. Jonathan Batch, pump-maker, who had the prefence of mind to faften a large mat to a tub or bucket, with the ends loofe, and therewith fanned the well, and by diluting the air, rendered it fo pure as to prevent an entire fuffocation. Still the unhappy perfons were in dan- ger not only of complete fuffocation, but of drowning from the inlet of the Water by the flowing tide. Mr. Jonathan Cooper, mate of the brig Sally of Wells, feeing the confufion, ran to the well juft as Hancock had fallen, arid would have inftantly gone to relieve them, and muft doubtlefs have fhared their fate. But the fame Mr. Batch very judicioufly took the pre- caution to make him faft to a tub by which he was lowered down, that in cafe he failed he might be inftantly drawn up. Mr. Tilefton was then drawn up by the rope which Bunting had made faft to his body j Bunting and Hancock were brought up one at a time by Mr,. Cooper. When taken out of the well, Mr. Tilefon had fcarcely the appearance of life, and wag confiderably bruifed, he was incapable of moving a limb, and when able to.fpeak, his intellects appeared much deranged.* A dofe of caller oil and elixir falutis was adminiftered in the afternoon, which did not operate till the evening, during which time he continued cold, but upoa the ope- ration of die oil he expreffed himfelf much relieved, was able to walk, and though for two or three days he felt a great oppreffion at his breaft, in four or five he returned to his labour* Bunting, who when taken out of the well and for fome hours after ap- peared the worft, and had the fmalleft fymptoms of life, was reftored by the affiftance of feveral medical gentlemen, who purfued the means recom- mended by this Society, and felt but litde inconvenience after that day. The cafe of William Hancock is thus related by a Gentleman of the faculty who attended him. On his being firfl drawn from the well (in which procefs he fell twice from the hold or hook giving way) William Hancock, who was the laft that fell from mephitic air, recovered his breath fo as to be able to relate the circumftances of his adventure, and propofed walking home. In a f&w moments, however, he faultered, became faint, and was laid in the ftore of Mr.Perkins. In about one hour when I firfl faw him,his refpiration was very imperfectly performed, the faintnefs continued with pain in the breaft, and great pain or oppreffion in the cardiac region. Friction which had been faithfully applied, and was continued for more than two hours, wine, brandy, and volatile fpirits mixed with water were adminiftered, hot fibres were * He was fuppofed to have ire*. In the Welt and in a fate ofapparent dt&tlu 20 or 30 minutes.. C 36 ) were applied te the ftet, which were exceedingly cold, as were the hands and the whole furface of the body—and, excepting a temporary exertion and relief from the ftrmulus of the volatiles, which were given in uncom- monly large dofes, no fenfible effect or relief was produced. After three hours he was removed to his lodgings in a carriage, where almoft the fame degree of pain, difficult refpiration and faintnefs, with pain in the cheft, accompanied him together with a degree of coldnefs in the extremities and furface of the body. A gentle emetic was then given with a view of diffufing the blood to the extremities, and fo by revulfion to relieve the cheft, which afforded fome relief, but as it was not efTential or adequate, he was bled in the even- ing ; this operation produced a more decided effect, and his refpiration was immediately mended. On the morning of the next day, the bleeding was repeated, and half an ounce of cathartic falts were given. In the evening, although he was effentially relieved, ftill die pain in the breaft, a high and laborious refpira- tion continuing, he was bled the third time and more largely than before ; and the effect was immediate and appeared to be adequate to his recovery. On the third day, the fame quantity of falts were repeated, he was confined to cooling drink, and fruit for his diet.—On the fourth day he drank the elixir vitriol with water, his pain in the breaft gradually fubfided, he raifed blood by coughing—and on the fifth and fixth and feventh days his refpiration became eafy and natural, and he gradually, but flowiy recovered. By attending to the fymptoms in this cafe, it is evident that from the faintnefs, coldnefs of the extremities and furface of the body, high and difficult refpiration (more difficult than is ufual or eafy to be defcribed) pain in the breaft and at the fcrobiculum cordis, together with the fubfe- quent fpitting of blood, there was a mechanical obftruction of the blood, oc- cafioned by a collapfion of the lungs, the heart and great arteries became turgid and diftended,loft their contractile power to fuch a degree, that when refpiration was at firfl imperfectly reftored, they had not the power to give the blood a momentum fufficient to carry it through the lungs, much lefs to propel it to the extremities. In this cafe, neither the frictions, which were long and faithfully con- tinued, nor the flimulants taken into the ftomach, nor the partial warmth communicated to the feet, produced any fenfible effect—but the patient was relieved by being placed in bed, by a gentle emetic, and above all, Vy large and repeated bleedings,affifted with moderate and repeated purges, or in other words, by thofe applications and remedies, which relieved the burfting, rather the oppreffed heart, and large arteries from their diften- ( 37 ) tion, and fo enabled them to leaflairte their action and reftore the equi- librium of the circulation-----And if this be true, is not the firfl indication, in all cafe9 of fuffocation from the mephitic air of wells or cifterns, the fumes of charcoal, or drowning, to give this relief, by opening thofe blood veffels neareft the heart and within the practability of operation ?—With the fame intention, ought not the whole body, or at leait the lower parts of it, to be placed in the warm bath (wet or dry as fhall be thought moft eligible) immediately and as the firfl, fafeft and moft practicable expedient ? the frictions may be continued at the fame time :—But I confefs, when I have in feveral inftances feen ineffectual frictions continued for hours on extremities as cold as clods, and which no friction could warm, I hav* thought that warmth without friction would have been preferable. The Truftees rewarded Mr. Hancoct and Mr. Bunting, with ten dollars each, and Mr. Cooper, with ten dollars and a filver medal. III. A Letter from the Honorable Judge Sewall, of York, to the Reverend .Dr. Parker, contains the following remarkable iaflance of drowning and reanimation in Scar- borough in the County of Cumberland, and Diflritl of Maine. ON 17th July, 1797, feveral boys, neither of whom had learned to fwim, returning from fchool at noon, weat into the river to bathe, at a place called Blackpoint caufe-way. It being near the laft of the ebb tide, they waded down, for fome length of way the deepeft water of the channel, which, at that time of tide, did not exceed two and an half feet in depth. John Hafly, a lad of about fifteen years of age, an only fon of Major William Hajly of Scarborough, was the oldeft and largeft of the children, and took the lead, until he came to a place, which from the foft- nefs of the bottom, or fome other caufe, deepened by a perpendicular de- fcent to feven or eight feet, called the deep hole—a place unknown to the lads. Into this hole, where the depth of water continued fome diftance, Hafty flipt before he perceived the water to deepen ; and had the children all waded abreaft, it is probable, they would haye been in the fame predicament. His companions, at firft, concluded that he was in fport, and that he meant to furprize them : But they were foon undeeoivffd. Halting, they faw him rife nearly half his length out of the water, and then fink again. Soon after they faw the back part of his head above the water, which again difappeared ; and when he rofe a third time, they • ::w the tops of his fingers only. Thefe feveral appearances convinced :hem that he had* ventured into water deeper than his own height, and that he was actually drowning. The ( 38 J The children were unable to afford him perfonal affiftance. £imdn Libby, one of the number, who was perhaps twelve years of age, and who had not been in the water, ran therefore, for affiitance towards the houfe of Thomas Libby ; and feeing fome perfons at a diftance in the field, paffed the houfe and carried the information to them* John Green, another of the children, and of the age of the laft mentioned, left the water in which he had been wading, put on his fhirt and trowfers ; ran to the houfe of the fame Libby, which was half a mile diftant, and called for help. Silas Libby, a youth of about nineteen years of age, was fitting in the houfe, and amu- flng himfelf with a violin. No fooner was he acquainted with the melan- cholly event, than he ran to the caufe-way, where he found one of the chil- dren only, John Beak, Handing on the point. Informed by him where the lad difappeared, and making fome allowance for the influence of the tide, Silas Libby plunged headlong into the water feven or eight feet deep, and paffed over the body, juft touching it with his toes. The water being difturbed, he could not at firfl difcern the body ; but, turning round under water, he at length difcovered the lad lying on his face, with his arms ex. tended, and his face immerfed to the ears in mud. He then took the body in his arms, and conveyed it to the fhore. When Silas Libbfs father came within hearing, he inquired Of him what was to be done, for that the lad was dead. The father told him to tofs the body up and down iri the air, which he did till he came to his affift- ance. The drowned lad's countenance was as dark as that of any mu- latto. They then placed the head downwards, and ftroaked the belly, upon which water iffued from the mouth, nofe and ears, and clotted blood from the noftrils. By this time, Mrs. Libby came to the place ; and put- ting off a petticoat, thread it c>n) the marfh ; and the body was laid on it. At this moment Thomas Libby, the father of Silas, imagined that be perceived fymptoms of life. Major William Hafly, the drowned lad's father, was then fent for. He was at the diftance of a mile and an half. The body, in the mean time, which was perfectly fupple, was removed to the houfe of Thomas Libby. When the father of the lad arrived, he found the body placed on a barrel, which fome of the perfons affembled Were rolling. Of this rolling he dis- approved, having lately read the directions of the Humane Society, rela- tive to the treatment proper.in cafes of drowning. He therefore directed that a bed fhould be warmed ; that the body fhould be wrapped in blan- kets ; and that it fhould be rubbed with warm cloths wet with rum (the only fpirit then at hand) and fprinkled with fine fait. The jaws were fet. It was noticed, that when the body was at reft, the fymptoms of reanimation difappeared ; but that they returned when the body was toffed up and down in an erect pofture* Sooft ( 39 ) Soon after the father's arrival, Mr. Rice, the neareft phyfician was fent for. His houfe was five and a quarter miles diftant ; but his benevolent zeal brought him to the place fooner than was expected. Thirty minutes and an half only elapfed from the time Major Libhy went in queft of him until the Doctor arrived.*-----A rein was opened and the lad bled freely ; Tobacco fmoke was blown by means of a pipe through the anus into the bowels ; upon which, for the firfl time, the lad drew a long breath. Two glifters were fucceffively adminiftered : It was, however, feveral hours before they had a vifible operation. Brandy being proc 'red by direction of the phyfician, the body was wafhed with it, and a teafpoonful of it, mixed with water, was adminiftered internally every two or three minutes. The father then undreffed himfelf, went to bed, and embraced the lad, whofe body was wrapped round with flannel and baize, wet with brandy and covered with fait. At frequent intervals the lad was taken out of bed, and toffed up and down in the air ; which was found to be very ferviceable. In fix hours he fpake, but incoherently'. In nine hours his reafon appeared at intervals. In two or three days he walked abroad ; but it was four- teen days before the lad's health and agility were perfectly reftored. In the month of November, he had no recollection of any thing which took place on the feventeenth of July, the day on which the accident happened. In his letter, Judge Sewall expreffes the utmoft confidence in the veracity of the perfons who furnifhed him with the facts. According to his cal- culation, the lad was certainly fifteen minutes, probably between twenty and thirty minutes under water. The perfons, who fo fignally exerted themfelves, and with fo much fuccefs, he recommends to the particular attention of the Humane Society. A conviction of their merits induced the Truftees to vote ten Dollars to Silas Libby, a Medal to Major Libby, two Dollars to Simon Libby, and the fame fum to John Green and John Beals, for their refpective exertions. THF " Major Jofiah Libby took a horfe that was providentially pqffing by, and, as bis pafture lay on the road to the Do8orys, dfcovering his own horfe not far from the highway, and determining that if he injured a horfe on this impor- tant errand, itfjoutd be his own and not another's, difmounted, catched his own horfe, leaped him over the fence, changed the bridtt andfaddL; and proceeded to Dr. Rice'j, wham he foundJtanding at his door, and a horfe ready faddled, After acquainting him with the urgent occafion of his c:n:ing, the Doclor *$oitnted his horfe, and in 30 minutes and an half from the departure of Major Libby arrived on the fpot. The latter called en his way back at a ret'a->;•''s and procured fome brandy, to be ufed on the occafion, and arrived "jfith the fame ir minutes after the Doclor. From thefe circumflances it appears .''lit Major Libby rode ten and an half miles, and over a long fleep fandy hill, called Scottoway's /•/'//, in Scarborough, in 32 minutes and an half, including the delay occaftonul ly changing his horfe and tackling, and procuring the Irai.dy. An ..ncommon ivfancc of celerity and fuccefs / f 40 ) THE Truftees of the Humane Society, having in their private capacity, been informed of feveral inftances ofperfons wrho had incurred apparent death by drowning or otherwife, and been fortunately recovered by the means recommended by the Society, and no communica- tion made thereof j and convinced that publifhing the cirCumftances of fuch incidents would bfe attended with beneficial effects, hereby requeft the citizens of this commonwealth, and particularly the gentlemen in the Medi- cal line, to communicate to the Correfponding Secretary, all the inftan- ces that have or fhall come to their knowledge, of reanimation, and the means whereby thofe happy events are accomplifhed, with fuch other par- ticulars of the time refpiration was fufpended, &c. as they fhall think of importance to notice : As it is by comparing the fuccefs of different means and operations, that this important art can be brought to perfection.-— The Truftees are alfo defirous of extending the rewards promifed by the Society for fignal exertions throughout the Commonwealth, and for this reafon they requeft information of all attempts of reanimation even if they prove unfuccefsful. N. B. The Truftees requeft the fame favour from the citizens of the neighbouring States. An. ExtraS from the Minutes of faid Truftees, JOHN AVERY, Recording Sec'ry. PREMIUMS adjudged by the TRUSTEES, fince June, 1797. Dollars To James Gregory, for faving a Child ... 4 To William Hancock and Samuel Bunting, for attempting to fave the life of Mr. Tilefton, who was fuffocated in a Well upon the Boflon Pier, 10 Dollars each, 20 To Jonathan Cooper, for bringing up faid Tilefton, Hancock and Bunting, who were alfo fuffocated in their attempt to fave Tilefton, 10 Dollars, and a filver medal 4 Dollars, - 14 To John Goffe, for faving front drowning, a child of Capt. Lord, - 4 To Seth Allen, for ditto, a child of Mary Barnes, - 3 To Jeffe Bray, for ditto, a child of Samuel AJh, 3 To Benjamin Shelton, for faving a man from drowning, - 3 To Adam Smith, for faving two children at Hancock's Wharf. * To John Wyer, for taking Jotham Horton ©ut of the water, ■« 4 To William Nickells, for faving a b«y, - , . $ ( 41 J To Silas Libby, for takingup afon of Maj. Hafty of Scarboro*, 10 To Simon Libby, John Green and John Beals, for calling affiftance in the above cafe, 2 Dollars each, - - 6 To Major Libby, for his uncommon difpatch in procuring a Phyfician for the above cafe, a filver medal, 6 To John Dickfon, for faving William Willen, who had fallen through the ice, - - - - 3 To Wilfon Adlington, for faving the life of Francis Whifton, 6 To Jofeph Eaton and Seth Nafon, for faving a woman who had leaped from Treat's wharf, - - 4 Dots. 101 State" of the Treafurer's Accounts for the Tear pafl. Dots: Or. To Printing Dr. Fleet's difcourfe, notifications andexpences of femiaunual meeting, - . - - - 57 xl Premiums paid, - - - - loi Jacob Kuhn's falary, - '- 30 2oo Dollars Union Bank flock, ... 243 75 2 Shares in Weft Boflon Bridge, - - - 417 17 Balance in Treafurer's hands* - - • 53 9^ Dots. 902 99 Contra Cr. Ddu Cts. 1797. By balance in the Treafurer's hands at laft audit, 243 75 June 13. By Collection at femiannual meeting, - 57 49 Intereft on funded flock and dividends at Bank, 310 28 Subfcriptions of Members* - 291 47 902 99 Property belonging to the Society. United States 6 per Cent. - - - 1442 I7 Ditto 3 per Cent. - 7°8 8.1 Ditto deferred, *.---- 46 60 Maffachufetts State Notes 5 per Cent. - 2113 7* Union Bank flock, - - - * 7^8 Weft Boflon Bridge 2 Shares, - - 41? rl Maiden Bridge 1 Share, - - - H° Deferred flock accumulating fund for faid Shares 23 7 98 V "We ( 4* ) We the Subfcribers being appointed a Committee by the Humane Society, to examine the accounts of Rev. Dr. Parker, Treafurer of faid Society, do find the fame well vouched and right caft, and that a balance in favour of the Society remains in the hands of faid Treafurer, of 53 Dols. 96 Cents in cafh, and alfo the evidences of the property fpecified above. B^n, June 8. v98. J^^*01'' } C«-mi«e. OFFICERS of the Humane Society, chofen Dec. 1797, Prefident. John Warren, M.D. firfl Vice Prefident. Rev. Simeon Howard, D.D. Second Vice Prefident. Rev. Samuel Parker, D.D. Treafurer. John Averv, Efq; Recording Secretary. Rev. John Lathrop, D.D. Correfp. Sec*y, pro tempore. Rev. Peter Thacher, D.D. Do<5t. Thomas Welsh, Aaron Dexter, M.D. \ Trustees, Nathaniel Balch, Efq j Jeremiah Allen, Efq; Members, deceafed fince the laft Publication of the Names. Hon. Jonathan Mafon, Efq. Prefident, Mr, Jofiah Brown, Rev. John Clarke, D.D. Correfp. Sec. Hon. Caleb Davis, Nathaniel Appleton, Efq. Alexander Hodgdon, Efq, Rev. Jeremy Belknap, I). D. CATALOQUE pf the MEMBERS of the HUMANE SOCIETY. Names and Places of Abode. EXcellency John Adams, Efq. Mr. Phineas Afhmun, Stockbridge. Prefident of the United States, Dr. Ifrael Atherton, lancafler, Mr. Thomas Adams, Rev. Noah Atwater, Weftfetd, Jeremiah Allen, Efq. John Avery, Efq. Mr. Thomas Amory, Mr. John Avery, jun. Mr. Thomas C. Amory, James Avery, Efq. Machias, Mr. Jonathan Amory, jun.. Jonathan L. Auflin, Efq. John Andrews, Efq. JVIr, James Andrews, Nathaniel Balch, Efq. Mr, John Apthprp, Cambridge, Loammi Baldwin, Efq. Wohurn, Mr, ( 4,1 J Mr. Luke Baldwin, Brockfeld, Rev. Thomas Baldwin, Mr. John Ballard, Mofes Bullen, Efq; Medfelf, Mr. Jeremiah Bumllead, jun. Rev. Thomas Barnard, D. D. Sal Samuel Barrett, Efq. Mr. John Barrett, Milton, Dr. Jofiah Bartlet, Charleftotlun, Dr. John Bartlet, Roxbury, Mr. George Bartlet, Charleftowft, Dr. Thomas Bartlet, Dr. Zaccheiis Bartlett, Plymouthi enjamin cauenaer, m' Samuel Cary, Efq. Chelfea, Mr. Gardner L. Clandler, Benjamin Clarke, Efq. Mr. William Cleland, Hon. David Cobb, Efq. Taunton^ JohnCodmari, Efq. Hon. Peleg Coffin, Efq. W™ \xr\y ™ n v ' -cf m- >. Mr- Michael Collins, Wellfleet, rlon. William Baylies, Efq. Dightm,-, \ r> n- • -or %r Mo;^r.w;n;a^ n'u H * John Collms,jun. Efq. Newport., Major William Bell, Mr. Shubael Bell, Mr. Jofeph Belknap, Mr. Nathaniel Bethune, Cambrldgei Mr. Afahel Biglow, Mr. Edward Blake, Mr. George Blanchar'd, Samuel Blodget, Efq. HaverhilU Mr. William Btoardman, jun. Mr. Nathan Bond, Mr. Kirk Boot, Mrs. Elifabeth Bowdoin, $ Dollars, Hon. James Bowdoin, Efq. John Boyle, Efq, Rev. John Bradford, Roxbury, Mr. John Bray, Samuel Breck, Efq. Philadelphia, 3.33 Mr. John Dabney, Salem, Mr. Thomas Brewer, Mr William Dal!, Mr. John Brewer, No.^.Pqftamaquody, Mr. Peter Roe Dalton, S& ins, jun Samuel Cooper* Efq Jofeph Cordis, Efq. Charleftnwn, Andrew Cragie, Efq. Cambridge, 2 Mr. Jofeph Cunha, Capt. Nathaniel Curd?, Mr. Thomas Curtis, Hon. Wm. Cufhing, Efq; Scituate, 1' Hon. Nathan Cufhing, Efq; Scituate, Thomas Cufhing, Efq. Mr* Edward Cuihingj Mr. John Cufhing, Mr. Benj. Clarke Cutler, Roxlury, Mr. James Cutler, Mr. Gerfhom Cutler, Berlin, Hon. Fran.DanajEfq. Cambridge,'},. ^3 Mr. Oliver Brewfter, Rev. Jofiah Bridge, Eajl Sudbury, Hon. E. Bridge, Efq. Chelmsford, Martin Brimmer, Efq. Roxbury, Henry Bromfield, Efq. Harvard, Hon. John Brooks, Efq. Medford, Mr. William Brown, Dr. M. Brown, jun. Brookfield, Samuel Dana, Efq. Grotor., Mr. Ifaac Davenport, Amafa Davis, Efq. Robert Davis, Efq. Hon. Thomas Davis, Efq- John Davis, Efq. i'vlr. Samuel D.tvi>, Plpii hli ( 44 ) Mr. William Davis, Plymouth, Hon.ElbridgeGmy,Efq.Cd7/^n^, Mr. Jofhua Davis, jun. HisHonorMofrcGiIl,Efq.PrzVzc^0??, Hon. Thomas Dawes, Efq. Mr. Benjamin Goddard, Hon. Thomas Dawes, jun. Efq. Nathan Goodale, Efq. Mr, Benjamin Dearborn, Nathaniel Goodwin, Efq. Plymouth} Elias H. Derby, Efq. Salem, Mr. SamueLGore, Richard Devens, Efq. Charleflozvn,Stephen Gorham, Efq. Mr. John Deverell, Mr. Mofcs Grant, Hon.Sam.Dexter,Efq.^/?o«,2.2^.Mrs. Catharine Gray, 5. Aaron Dexter, M. D. Mr. Benjamin Gray, Mr. Thomas Dickafon, Edward Gray, Efq. Rev. TimothyDickenfon, Ho I lift on,Rev. Thomas Gray, Roxbury, Ifaiah Doane, Efq. William Donnifon, Efq. Mr. Ebenezer Dorr, Mr. Samuel Dunn, Rev. Jofeph Eckley, D. D, Mr. Edward Edes, Samuel Eliot, Efq. Mr. Eleazar Ellis, Juftin Ely, Efq. Weflfield, Mr. Thomas Englifh, Mr. John Erving, Oliver Everett, Efq. DorcheJler, Mr. Richard Faxon, Mr. Nathaniel Fellows, John Fleet, M. D. Mr. Thomas Fleet, Dwight Fofter, Efq. Brookfield, Mr. Boffenger Fofter, Cambridge, Mr. William Fofter, Capt. John Gray, 3. 33. Mr. Jofeph Green, Mr. Richard Green, Gol. Peter Green, Mr. Thomas Green, Jofeph Greenleaf, Efq. Enoch Greenleaf, Efq. Weflon, Daniel Greenleaf, Efq. Mr. John Greenleaf, Mr. Thomas Greenleaf, David S. Greenough, Efq.Rpxbury, Capt. Ebenezer Hall, Medford, Mr. Nathaniel Hall Jofeph Hall, Efq. Mr. Lott Hall, Weflminfler,Vermont, Hon.Will.HammettjEfq.A^^M*:^ Capt. AbrahamHamrnett, Plymouth, Ebenezer Hancock, Efq. Mr. Thomas Hancock, Mr. John Hancock, Mr. William Harris, Mr, Jofeph Fofdick, Hon. Samuel Fowler.Efq.^/^.g;; B^m Hafkell, Rev. James Freeman, j^ uJes M Hayes Dr. Nathaniel Freeman, Sandwich,^ Lemuel ^^ Mr. Caleb Gannett, Cambridge, Mr. Caleb Hayward, Weflon, Rev. John SylvefterJohnGaidiner,Dr. Nathan Hayward, Plymouth, (✓apt. Lemuel Gardner, Mr. (' 45 } Mr. Barnabas Hedge, Plymouth, Col. Silvanus Lazell, Bridgewater, Sam. Henfhaw, Efq. No. Ha?np(on,Mr. Caleb I^each, Plymouth, Stephen Higginfon, Efq Henry Hill, Efq. Benjamin Hichborn, Efq, Mr. P. Hitchcock, Brookfield, Hon. Samuel Holten, Danvefs, Capt. Michael Homer, Rev. Simeon Howard, D. D, Mrs. Abigail Howard, Mr. John Clarke Howard, Mi. Nathaniel Howe, Abington, Hon. Benj.Lincoln,Efq. Hingham, Mr. William Little Dr. James Lloyd, Col. John Long, Shelburne, Mr. Caleb Loring, Ifaac Lothrop, Efq. Plymouth, Mr. Jofeph Lovering, jun. Hon. John Lowell, Efq. Roxbury, John Lucas, Efq. Hon. S. Lyman, Efq. Springfeld, Hon. E. Hunt, Efq.Northampton,* * »-,, , ., _ Mr. Samuel Hunt, * Mn Edward McLane» Mr. Henry Hunter, Mr, Jofeph Hurd, Charleflown, Mr. Zaccheus HufTey, Nantucket, ^*"dl-tidV ■" ■ Mr. Eph Jonathan Jackfon, Efq. Henry Jackfon, Efq. Mr. John Jackfon, Mr. Samuel Janes, Leonard Jarvis, Efq. Patrick Jeffrey, Efq. 10. Mr. John Jenks, Salem, Hon. John Coffin Jones, Efq. Stephen Jones, I-rq. Machias, Col. Ifrael Jones, Adams, Mr. Thomas K. Jones, Dr. John Joy. Mr. John King, Abington, Rev. John Thornton Kirkland, Mr. Jofiah Knapp, Mrs. Sufannah Kneeland, Mr. Thomas Knox, Mr. Jacob Kuhn, Mr. William Lambert, Roxbury, Rev. John Lathrop, D. D. Mr. John Lathjop jun, Dedkam. Mr. John McLean, Mr. John Marfton, Jonathan Mafon, Efq. Brookline, ' raim May, Col. John May, Mr. Jofeph May, Rev. John Mellen, Rarnflabh, Pliny Merrick, Efq. Brookfield, Mr. Charles Miller, jun. Hon. George R. Minot, Efq. Mr. Paul Morrifey, Rev. Jedidiah Morfe, D.D. CharleJ, Rev. John Murray, Hon. T. Newell, Efq; Sturbridge, Mr. Henry Newman, Col. Robert Orr, Bridgewater, Hon. Robert T. Paine, Efq. Mr. William Paine, Nathaniel Paine, Efq. Worcefler, Rev. Samuel Parker, D. D. Mr. John Parker, Samuel Parkman, Efq. Mr. Eliphalct Pearfon, Cambridge, Mr. John Peck, Mr, ( 4* ) Mr. Ebenezer Pemberton,ifcZ/^nca, William Sever, Efq. IVdrceflet, Mr. Thomas H. Perkins, Hon. David Scwall, Efq. York, Mr. Thomas Perkins, Samuel Sewall, Efq. Marblehead, Charles Phelps, Efq; Hadley, Mr. William Shattuck, Hon. William Phillips, Efq; Dr. William Sheldon, Springfield, Hon.SamuelPhillips,Efq./tfW0y D- P' Mr. Chandler Robbins, Hallowell, U[- Charles Stockbridge, Scituate, Mrs. Hannah Rowe, 5 Dollars fbenezer Storer Efq. ±. ■ Mr. John M. Ruffell, fjr. Bradftreet Story, Mr. Daniel Ruffell, ™r' Ru,mi Sturgis, Major Benjamin Ruffell, Hon. James Sullivan, Efq. ' . Excellency Increafe Sumner, Efq. Mr. Francis Sales, Roxbury 10. Mr. Samuel Sahfbury, Mr. Thomas Swain, Nantucket, Dr. Eraftus Sargeant, Stockbridge, jonn Sweetfer, Efq. Daniel Sargeant, Efq. Mr. Daniel Sargeant, jun. Dr. Jofeph Taft, Weft own, Mr. John Saunders, jun. Salem, Rev- peter Thacher, D. D, William Scollay, Efq. Rev. Thomas Thacher, Dedham, James Scott, Efq. Rev- Thomas C. Thacher, Lynn, Hon.WilliamSever,Efq.&£/?