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TO ADAISCOUBT's EDITION OF
 TAPLIN'S FARRIERY.
COPY-RIGHT SECURED.
TroytN. Y. November 1815. 
( 
         TAPLIN  IMPROVED;
                       OR
    A COMPLETE TREATISE ON  THE
                   ART OF


JL   A.  MM  MM JL  JLil  MM)   JL 9
        WHEREIN ARE  FULLY EXPLAINED
The Nature and Structure of that uselul Creature, a HORSE;
    with the Diseases and Accidents he is liable to ; and
               the Method* of Cure.

      EXEMPLIFIED  BY TEN  ELEGANT CUTS,
  EACH THE  FULL FIGURE OF A HORSE,
      Describiug all  the various Parts of that
                 JNoble Animal.

             LIKEWISE,

Rules for Breeding and Training of Colts  : Practical
   Receipts for the Cure of Common DisteriMjrs
         incident to oxfn, cows, calves,  ^
            SHEEP, LAMBS, HOGS, &C

              TO WHICH IS PREFIXFD
 Ten Minutes  Advice to the Purchasers
                 of Horsef.
    --------x------
BY HENRY  BRACKEN,  M.  D.
                TROY,

PRTNTFD AND SOLD BY FRANCIS ADANCOURT, AT
  THE COLUMBIAN BO. K-STORE, AND ALSO SOLD BY
     WHITING & POWER**. IN TROY—BY H. Ci
         SOUTHWICK, IN IIBANI—V, B.
          KORMAN IN HUDSON, & SAM-
            UEL WOOD, IN N. YORK.
1815, 
5 
TO  THE PUBLIC.
   The principal wish of the  publisher of the  present
edition of  a work, which ought to  be in the hands of
every American farmer, being to render  a service to. the
public, to  ace mplish that  object,  he  has   delayed
the  publication longer  than   was at  first intended,
and justice to a long list of subscribers wotdd perhaps  *
warrant.   This delay, however, he trusts, will ultimate-
ly have been productive of good, as it has enabled him to
procure some valuable information not contained in any
book heretofore offered to the public on the same  subject,
which will be found at the end of that part which treats
of the cure of diseases incident to horses. This  inform'
ation, he  trusts,  will be found acceptable, wJien'tt is
considered, how much cures are thrcby facilitated, by
the remedies being composed of ingredients which can all
be obtained without  difficulty.   Among those is the one
for  the cure of the  heaves, which  have been  hitherto
considered as incurable, but a perfect and  simple  cure
for which can be found upon every man's own farm ; and
several others, which have been obtained from respecta-
ble farmers, in this country, who have  tested their HE*
excy by long experience and repeated, successful, trials.
   With  these few remarks the publisher commits  this
volume to the perusal of its patrons, with a sincere wish
that it may be as  useful to  them as  it has been  his
study to make it. 
 
PREFACE.
      THE following Treatise wis compiled with intent
 to guard the  unw try from deception in the  purchase,
 as w 11 as to refresh the memory  of gentlemen better
 acquainted with the requisite  qualifications, of that wo-
 hie animal the Horse.
    The remirks are drawn from long, and, in some in-
 stances, dear-bought experience, in  the  snares  which
jockies and grooms in general lay before those who arc,
 under the necessity of dealing with them.

   The Author, therefore, presumes to hope, that the at-
 tempt is praise-worthy;  and if in any instance he is
found mistaken, the favor of any further hint fcr tht
 improvement of a future edition, addressed to the pub-
iisher, will be most  thankfully  received,  and properly
 attended to.
   Having premised thus much, it may not be thought
improper, by way of introduction, to observe,

   That a  large shin bone,  that is  long from the knee
to the pastern, in a foal, shews a tall  horse.

   Double the space in a foal, new foaled, betwixt  his
knee and withers, will, in general, be  tlic height of him
when a complete  horse. 
                  P R E F A C E-

   Fnals that arc of stirring spirits, wanton of disposi-
tion, active in leaping, running, and chasing, ever lead-
ing the way, and  striving for  mastery,  always prove
horses of excellent  mettle: and those of the contrary dis-
position most commonly jades.

   Before 1 enter on my particular observations, it may
not be unnecessary to give one general rule, which ex-
perience has proved to me a good one, that is, no foot,
no HORSE.

   A  horse's ability,  and continuance in goodness,  is
known by his hoofs.

   If they are strong, smooth, hard, deep, tough, upright,
and hollow, that horse cannot be a  very  bad one ; for
they are the foundation of his  building, and give a for-
titude to all the rest; and if otherwise,  he cannot  be
remarkably good or lasting.

   Without further preface, 1 shall therefore proceed to
the following particular remarks and observations. 
■ ■ ■ '                       ......  t. 't

TAPLIN IMPROVED,
                OR
 ADVICE TO THE PURCHASERS OF HORSES.
        NOTHING is more true than the
common observation, that in the art of horse-
manship,  the most difficult part is that of
giving proper directions for the purchasing
a horse free of fault and blemish.  The de-
ceptions in this branch of traffic being look-
ed on in  a less fraudulent light than they
seem  to deserve, and ofeonsequenee  are
more  frequently practised.  It shall, there-
fore be my business in the following brief
remarks, to shew, in the best manner I am
able, the  imperfections which, from either
nature or mischance, every horse is liable
to.
  In  the  Stable.] See  the horse you are a-
bout to purchase in the stable, without any
person being in the stall with  him ; and if
he has any complaint in his legs he will soon
ahnw it. bv altering the  situation of them, 
8
ADVICE TO  THE
taking up one and setting down the other;
and this denotes his being foundered or  o-
verworked.
  On ordering him out let no one be the last
in the stable but yourself; you should al-
so, if possible, be the first in, lest the owner,
or some of his quick emissaries, take an op-
portunity to fig him; a practice common a-
mong dealers, in order to make the tail
shew as if carried very high, when, in reali-
ty, the day after, he will in appearance  be
five pounds  worse.
  The Eyes.] This is the proper time to ex^
amine his eyes, yjfiich may be done in a dark
Stable with  a candle, or rather in the day-
time when he is led  from the stall ; cause
the man who leads him to stop at the stable
door just as his head peeps out, and all his
body is «till  within.   If the white of the eye
appears reddish at the bottom, or of a col-
our like a withered leaf, I would not advise
you to purchase him. A moon-eyed horse
is known by his weeping and keeping his
eyes almost shut at the beginning of the dis*
temper ; as the moon changes, he gradually 
         PURCHASERS  OF HORSE*        9

recovers his sii^lit, and in a fortnight or three
weeks sees as well as before he had the dis-
order.  Dealers, when they  have  such a
horse to sell, at the time of his weeping,
always tell you that he has got a bit of straw
or hay in his eye,  or that he has received
some blow; they  also take care  to wipe
away the humour, to prevent its being seen;
but a man should trust only himself in buy-
ing of horses, and  above all be very exact
in examining the eyes : in this he must have
regard to time  and place where he  makes
the examination.  Bad  eyes may appear
good in winter, when snow  is upon the
ground  ; and often good  ones appear bad,
according to the position of the horse.  Nev-
er examine a horse's eyes by the side of a
white wall, where the dealers always choose
to shew one  that is moon-eyed.
  The moon-eyed horse has always one eye
biggec than  the other, and above his lids
you may generally discover wrinkles or
circles.
  If you observe a fleshy excrescence that
proceeds from the  corner of the eye, and 
10           ADVICE TO  THE
covers a part of the pupil, and is in shapg
almost like the beard of an oyster, though
seemingly a matter of no great consequence,
yet it  is what I  call a Witlow in the eye,
and if  suffered  to grow, it draws  away  a
part of the nourishment of the eye, and some-
times occasions  a total  privation of sight.
On the contrary, if the eyes are round, big,
black,  and  shining; if the  black of the eye
fill the pit, or outward circumference, so that
in moving  very  little of  the white appear-
eth, they are signs of goodness and mettle.
The eye which in general is esteemed the
best, is that which is neither small nor large;
but be sure to observe that the clirystaline
be thoroughly transparent, for  without that,
no kind of eye can be said to  be good.
   Countenance.] After having carefully satis-
fied yourself as to his eyes, let him be brought
out, and have him stand naked before you;
then take a strict view of his countenance ;
particularly with regard to the cheerfulness
of it, this being an excellent glass to observe
his goodness and best perfections.   Be care-
ful you are not  deceived by  the  marks in 
            PURCHASERS OF HORSES        II
   his face, as frequently a good looking star is
   made of cat's skin. If his ears be small, sha^p,
   shoit, pricked, and moving; or if they are
   long, but yet well set on, and well carried
   it is a mark  of goodness ; if they are thick,
   laved, or lolling, wide  set, and unmoving,
   they are signs of dulness, and of an evil na-
   ture.
     A lean  forehead, swelling outward, the
   mark or feather in his face set high, with a
   white star or ratch of an indifferent  size,
   and even placed, or a white snip on the  nose
   or lip, they  are all  marks  of  beauty  and
   goodness: on the contrary, a fat, cloudy or
   frowning countenance, the mark in his face
   standing low, as under his eyes, if his star or
   ratch stand awry, and instead of a snip his
   nose be raw and unhairy, or his face gener-
   ally bald, they are signs of deformity,
     Strangles.]  Handle his cheeks, or chaps,
   and if you find the bones lean and thin, the
   space wide between them, the thrapple or
*"  wind-pipe  big as  you can gripe,  and  the
   void place without knots or kernels, and the
  jaws so great that the neck seenieth to couch 
12          ADVICE TO THE
within them, they are all signs of great wind,
courage, soundness of head and body : on
the contrary, if the chaps are fat and thick,
the space between them closed up  with
gross substance, and the thrapple little,  they
are signs of short wind and much  inward
foulness.  Should the void place be full of
knots and kernels, bewaie of the strangles
or glanders, the former of which may be
easily discovered by a swelling between the
two  nether jawbones, which discharges  a
white  matter.  This disorder  usually ap-
pears about three, four, or five years  old ;
there is no young horse but what is subject
to it, either perfectly or imperfectly ; there
is also a  disorder which is called the  Bas-
tard strangles,  which appears, sometimes
like, and sometimes different, from the true
stranglts. The bastard strangles are  what
proves the horse has not thrown off his true
strangles but that some foul humours are
still  left belnnd ; this disorder may come at
four, five, six, or even seven years of age.
A continual langor at work, and seemingly
perpetually  weary, without any visible ail- 
          PURCHASERS OF HORSES.        13
  rnent, is a certain sign that he is not clear of
  this disorder, which sometimes will  affect
  the foot, the leg, the ham, the  haunch, the
  shoulder, the breast, or the eye, and with-
  out care in  this latter case, may corrupt the
  pupil of the eye, as the  small pox does in
  men.
   Morjonndering.] There is also another dis-
 order, much like the strangles, which is cal-
 led Morfoundering, and appears by a run-
 ning at the nose, but the swelling under the
 jaws is less.
   Glanders.] The glanders are discovered
 by a running at the nose, either on the one
 side or the  other;  feel if he has any flat
 glands fastened to  the nether jaw, which
 give him pain when you press them ; and
 remember that a running at one nostril is
 worse than at both,
   Vives.] When the jaws are strait, so that
 the neck Swelleth above them, it is a sign of
 jshort wind ; but if the swelling be long, and
 close by his chaps, like a whetstone, then be
 sure he has the vives, which is a distemper
most frequent in high mountainous coun-
                  B 
14           ADVICE TO THE
tries, especially to horses that are not used
to the crudities produced in the stomach by
the  spring and fountain waters that rise in
hilly grounds : standing waters, or those of
very little current, are the least dangerous,
and seldom cause the vives; but very deep
wells are bad.
  Nostrils.] If his nostrils be open, dry, wide,
and large, so as upon  any straining the in-
ward redness is discovered ; if his muzzle be
small, his mouth deep, and his lips equally
meeting, they are signs of health and wind:
but should his nostrils be straight, his wind
is then little.  Should you find the muzzle
to be gross, his spirit will be dull.
   If his mouth  be shallow, he will never
carry the bit well: and if his upper will not
reach his under lip,  old age  and infirmity
mark him for carrion.
   Age.] Respecting the age of a horse that
is fit for work, he should have forty teeth:
twenty-four grinders,  which teach us noth-
ing ; and sixteen others, which have their
names,  and  discover  his age.  As mares
usually have, no tusks, their teeth are only 
        PURCHASERS OF HORSES.        15
thirty-six.  A colt is foaled without teeth.
In a few days he puts out four, which  are
called pincers, of nippers; soon after appear
the four separators : next to the pincers, it is
sometimes  three or four months before the
next, called Corner teeth, push foith. The-e
twelve colt's teeth, in the front of the momh,
continue, without alteration, till the colt is
two years, or two years and a  half  old,
which makes it difficult, without great care,
to avoid being imposed on during that  in-
terval, if the seller finds it is his interest to
make the colt pass for either younger or old-
er than he really is ; the only rule you have
then to judge by is his coat, and the hairs of
his main and tail.  A colt of one year has
a supple, rough coat, resembling that  of a
water spaniel, and the hair of his mane and
tail feels like flax, and hangs like a rope un-
twisted ; whereas a colt of two years has a
flat coat, and straight hairs, like a grown
horse.
  At about two years and a half old, some-
times sooner, sometimes later, according as
he has  been fed, a horse begins to change 
16           ADVICE TO THE
his  teeth.  The pincers, which  come the
first, are also the first that fall; so that at
three years he has four horse's and eight
colt's teeth, which are easily known apart;
the former being larger, flatter, and yellow-
er than the others, and streaked from the end
quite into the gums.
  The four horse pincers have, in the mid-
dle  of their extremeties, a black hole, very
deep; whereas  those of the colt are round
and  white.  When the horse is coming four
years old, he loses his four separators, or
middle  teeth, and puts forth four others,
which follow the same  rule as the pincers-.
He has now eight  horse's teeth and four
colt's.  At five  years old he sheds the four.
corner, which are his last colt's teeth, and is
ealled a horse.
  During this year also, his four tusks (whicli
are  chiefly peculiar to horses  corre behind
the others; the lower ones often four months
before the upper; but whatever may be vul-
garly thought, a horse that has the two lower
tusks, if he has not the upper,  may be judg-
ed to be under five years old, unless the other
teeth shew the contrary ;  for some horses 
PURCHASERS OF HORSES.
17
 that live to be very old never have any up-
 per tusks at all.  The two lower tusks are
 one of the most certain rules that a horse is
 coming five years old, notwithstanding  his
 colt's teeth may not be all gone.
   Jockies and breeders, in order to make
 their colts seem  five years old  when they
 are but four, pull out their last colt's teeth ;
 but if all the colt's teeth are gone,  and no
 tusks appear, you may be certain this trick
 has been played; another artifice they use,
 is to beat the baas every day with a wooden
 mallet, in  the place  where the tusks are to
 appear, in order to make them  seem hardi
 as if the tusks were just ready to cut.
  When a horse is coming six years old, the
 two lower pincers fill up, and instead of the
 holes above mentioned, shew only a black
spot.  Betwixt six and se ven the two  middle
 teeth fill up in the same manner; and between
 seven and eight the corner teeth do the like ;
 after which it is said to be impossible to know
 certainly the  age of  a horse, he  having  no
longer any mark in the mouth.
  You can indeed only have recourse to the
                  B2 
18
ADVICE TO THfc
tusks, and the situation of the teeth, of which
I shall now speak.
  For the tusks you must with your finger
feel the inside of them from the point quite
to the gum.  If the trunk be pointed flat, and
has two little channels within side, you may
be certain the horse is not old, and at the ut-
most only coming ten.  Between eleven and
twelve the two channels are reduced to one,
which  after twelve is quite gone, and the
tusks are as round within as they are with-
out ; you have no guide then but the situa-
tion of the teeth.  The longest teeth are not
always the sign of the greatest age, but their
hanging over and pushing forward;  as their
meeting perpendicularly is a certain token
of youth.
  Many persons, whilst they see certain lit
tie holes in the middle of the teeth, imagine
that such horses are but in their seventh year,
without regard to the  situation  the teeth
take as they grow old.
 " When horses are young, their teeth meet
perpendicularly, but grow longer and push
forward with age; besides, the  mouth ©f a 
         PURCHASERS OF  HORSES.       19
youn<r horse is very fleshy within the palate,
and his lips are firm and hard: on the contrary,
the inside of an old horse's mouth is lean both
above  and below, and seems to have only the
skin upon ih-s bones.   The lips are soft and
easy to turn u.) with the hand.
  All horses are marked in the same manner,
but some naturally, and others artificially.
The natural mark is called Begne ; and some
ignorant persons imagine  such horses  are
marked all their lives because for many
years they find a little hole, or a kind of void
in the  middle of the separators and corner
teeth, but when the tusks <j;e grown round,
as well within as without, and the teeth point
forward, there is room to conjecture, in pro-
portion as they advance from year to year,
what the horse's age may be, without regard-
ing the cavity above mentioned.
  The artificial manner is made use of by
dealers and jockies, who  mark their horses
after the age of being known, to make them
appear only six or seven years old.  They
do it in this manner i They throw down the
horse to have him  more at command, and 
20
ADVICE TO  THE
with a steel graver, like what is used for ivo-
ry, hollow the middle teeth a little, and the
corner ones somewhat more; then fill the holes
with a little rosin, pitch, sulphur,  or some
grains of wheat, which they burn in with a
bit of hot wire, made in proportion to the
hole.  This operation they repeat from time
to time, till  they give the whole  a lasting
black, in imitation of nature; but in spite of
all they can do, the hot iron makes a little
yellowish circle round these holes, like what
it would leave upon ivory ; they have there-
fore another trick to prevent detection, which
is to make the horse foam from time to time,
after having rubbed his mouth, lips and gums
with salt, and the crumbs of bread dried and
powTdered with salt.   This  foam hides the
circle made by the iron.
  Another thing they cannot do, is to coun-
terfeit young  tusks,  it being out  of their
power to make those two  crannies above
mentioned, which  are given by nature : with
files they may make them sharper or flatter,
but then they take away the shining natural
enamel, so that one may always  know, by 
         PURCHASERS OF HORSES.       21
these tusks, horses that are past seven, till
they come to twelve or thirteen.  As the de-
fects of the mouth may destroy a horse with-
out any distemper, I shall here just describe
the barbs, the lampas, giggs upon  the lips,
and gagg-teeth.
  Barbs.]  For the barbs,  look under his
tongue, and see if he has not two fteshy ex-
crescences on the under palate, like little
bladders.  It seems to be a mere trifle, but
these however will hinder a horse from drink-
ing as usual; and if he does not drink freely,
he eats the less, and languishes from day to
day, perhaps without any one's taking notice
of it.
  Lampas.] The lampas is known by open-
ing the horse's mouth,  and looking at his
upper palate, to see if the flesh comes down
below the inner teeth : this gives  him pain in
eating his oats, and even his hay, when, it is
too harsh : though he can very well manage
bran, grass or kindhay.
  Giggs  upon the lips.] Wlien you have
looked in the horse's mouth, without finding
either of the two disorders above,  turn up 
22           ADVICE TO TFfK
his lips both upper and under,  and perhaps
you may find several small elevations, like
little white blisters, which make the inside of
the  lips  uneven.  This defect may  be felt
with the finger, and is what hinders horses
from eating as  usual ; and that is what  is
called giggs upon the lips.
  Gagg-teeth is a defect that rarely happens
to young horses, and is to be discovered by
putting the colt's  foot into  the mouth, and
looking at the large grinders, which in this
case appear unequal,  and  in eating  catch
hold of the inside of the  cheeks, causing
great pain,  and making  them refuse  their
food.                       -*
  His breast] From his head look down to
his breast, and see that  it be broad, outswel-
ling, and adorned with many features, for
this shews strength: the little or small breast,
shews weakness, as a horse with a narrow
one is apt to stumble.
  The Anticor or  Antico^.]  Put your hand
betwixt  his fore  legs, and  feel if he  has  a
swelling there from the sheath quite up be-
tween the fore legs; such a swelling is called 
          PURCHASERS OF HORSES.       £3
^ the anticororonticow, and ismortal to horses
  if they are not soon relieved.  It proceeds
  from different causes, vis. the remains of an
  old  distemper which was never perfectly
  cured, or after which the horse was too soon
  put to labor, from too much heat, contract-
  ed in the stable, by being kept up a long
  time without airing, or from having lost too
  large a quantity of blood in what part soever
  the  vein was  opened.  When you touch a
  swelling of this kind, the impressions of the
  fingers remain for sometime, as if you  had
  made them in a bit of puff paste, filling up
  again by degrees, as the paste would rise.—-
  This swelling contains bloody water, that in- *
  sinuates between the flesh and the skin,  and
  proves that all the blood in the veins is cor-
  rupted.
    His thighs and legs.]  From  thence look
  down his elbow to his knee, and see that the
  fore thighs be rush grown, well horned with-
  in, sinewed, fleshy, and oyt-swelling,  those
  being signs of strength, as the contrary are of
  weakness.   If his knees bear a proportion to
  each other, be lean, sinewy, and close knit, 
24           ADVICE TO THE?
they are good ; but if one is bigger or round-
er than the other,  the*horse hts  received
mischief; if they are gross, he is gouty ; and
if he has scars, or the hair be broken, beware
of a stumbling jade, and perpetual faller.
  Splents.]  From his  knees look  down his
legs to his pasterns, and if you find them
clean, lean,  flat,  sinewy, and  the inward
bought of his knee without seams, or hair
broken, it shew s a good shape and soundness;
but if on the inside  of the leg you find hard
knots, they are splents, of which there are
three sorts.  The simple  splent,  which ap-
pears within the leg under the knee, remote
from the great nerve  and the  joint of the
knee, ought not to hinder a man from buy-
ing a good horse, for it gives him no pain,
is only disagreeable to the sight,  and goes
away in time of itself.  All the three sorts
of splents are known by the same rule ; for
whenever you see a tumor upon the flat of
the leg, whether within or without, if it be
under the knee, and  appears  hard  to the
touch, it  is a splent; and when  it is situated
as above described, it signifies nothing ; but 
         PURCHASERS OF HORSES        25
 when it comes upon the joint of the knee,
 without any  interval, it loses the  name of
 splent and may be called a fusee ; it then, as
 one may easily conceive, makes the leg of
 a horse stiff, and hinders him from bending
 his knee ; consequently it  obliges him to
 stumble, and even fall, and after a violent
 exercise makes him lame.  Rest alone cures
 the lameness, but not the fusee.
  The third kind of splent, whether within
 or without, is when you feel it between the
 nerve and the bone, and sometimes even at
 the end of the nerve; this is called a nervous
 splent, and is the worst of all the kinds ; be-
 sides that, the horse is never here so firm
 footed, but that he limps at every little de-
 gree of labour.   The French reject every
 horse that has a splent, very often without
knowing how to distinguish them ; and one
that has only a simple splent, is as bad in
their eyes as one that has the other sort; but
a simple splent always goes away of itself by
the  time a horse is eight or nine years old.
  Osselets.] There are also three kinds of
osselets, which are of  the same nature as
                    c 
<£$           ADVICE TO THE
 splents, and some persons take them for the
 same thing; but there is this difference, how-
 ever, between them, that splents come near
 the knees, and osselets near the fetlocks.
Their seat is indifferently within or without
the leg.
   The first is the simple osselet, which does
not grow near the joint or the fetlock on the
nerve.
   This need not hinder any man from buy-
ing a good horse, because it puts him to no
inconvenience, and very often goes away of
itself without a remedy.  The second is that
which descends into the fetlock, and hinders
the motion of that joint j this occasions a
horse to stumble and fall, and with a very
little wrork to become lame.  The third has
its seat between the bone and the nerve; arid
sometimes upon the nerve, it so much in-
commodes a horse, that he cannot stand firm*
but limps on every  little occasion.
   fVindgall]  There are also three kinds of*
windgalls, which appear to the eye much
like osselets, but  are not,  however, just in
tile same places; nor do they feel like them, 
PURCHASERS OF  HORSES
27
 for osselets are hard, but v* indgalls give way
 to rhe touch.  Some horses are more liable
 to these than others, and that for several
 reasons.  Some proceed from old wTorn out
 sires, and others by being worked too young.
 A simple windgall is a little tumor, between
 the skin and the  flesh, round  the fetlocks:
 when it appears at a good distance from the
 large nerve, it does not lame the horse; and
 if he has but age on his side, that is, be un-
 der ten years old at most, he will be as use-
 ful as  before, provided the  work you  put
 him to be not of the most laborious kind ;
 however a horse is much better without, than
 with, even this sort of simple windgall, which
 consists of thin skins, full of red liquid, and
 soft to the touch : The nervous windgall art
 swers the same description, only, as the sim-
 ple ones come upon  the fetlock, or a little
 above it, upon the leg bone in the very place
 of osselets ; nervous ones come behind the
fetlock, upon the great nerve which makes
them of worse consequence, for they  never
fail to lame a horse after much fatigue.-—
These windgalls may happen upon any of 
28            ADVICE TO THE
the legs, but some of them are more danger*
ous than others, in proportion as they press
the nerve, and are capable  of lameing the
horse; and take notice, by  the way, that
windgalls are more troublesome in summer
than in winter, especially in very hot weath*
er, when the pores are all open.  The third
sort is  the bloated windgall, and  is of the
worst sort when they come over the hind part
of the fetlock, between the  bone and the
large nerve, and make the horse so lame at
every little thing he does, that he can scarce
set his foot on the ground ; they appear on
both sides the leg, without as well as within;
and when you touch them with your hand,
or finger, they feel like a pig's or cow's blad*
der full of wind.  If under his knees there
are scabs  on the inside, it  is the speedy or
swift cut, and in that case he will but ill en-
dure galloping  ; if above the pasterns on the
inside, you find scabs, it shewrs interfering;
but if the scabs be generally over his legs, it
is  either occasioned by foul keeping, or a
spice of the  mange*.
  Pastern.]  Take care that the pastern join *, 
         PURCHASERS  OF HORSES.       29
 be clear and well knit together, and that the
 pastern be strong, short and upright; for if
 the first be big, or swelled, beware of sinew
 strain; if the other be long, weak or bended,
 the limbs will be hardly  able to carry the
 body without tiring.
   Hoofs.] The hoofs should be black, smooth
 and tough, rather long than round, deep, hol-
 low and full sounding; for white  hoofs are
 tender, and carry a shoe  ill, and a brittle
 hoof will carry no  shoe at all;  a flat hoof,
 that is pumiced, shews foundering ; and a
 hoof  that is empty and hollow sounding,
 shews a decay of inward part, by  reason of
 some wound or dry founder.   If the hair lie
 smooth and close about the crown of the
 hoof, and the flesh flat and even, then all is
 perfect; but should the hair be there rough,
 the skin scabbed, and the flesh  rising, you
 may then  be apprehensive of a ring bone, a
 crown scab, or a quitter bone.
   Circled Feet.]  Circled feet are very easy
 to be known; they  are when you see little
 excrescences round the hoof, which encloses
the foot,  and appear like so many smatf 
30
ADVICB TO THE
 circles.  Dealers who have such horses, nev-
 er fail to rasp  round the hoofs, in order to
 make them smooth; and to conceal the rasp-
 ing  when they are to  shew them for sale,
 they black the hoofs all over ; for without
 that one may easily perceive what has been
 done, and seeing the mark of the rasp is a
 proof that the horse  is subject to this acci-
 dent.  As to the cause, it proceeds from the
 remains of an old distemper, or from having
 been foundered;  and the disease being cur-
 ed, without care  being taken of the feet,
 whereupon the circulation of the blood not
 being regularly made, especially round the
 crown between the hair and the horn, the part
looses its-nourishment, and contracts or en-
 larges itself in proportion as the  horse is
 worked.   If these circles were only on the
 surface, the jockies' method of rasping them
 down, would then be good for nothing; but
they form themselves also within the feet,
 as well as without, and consequently press
 on the sensible part, and makes a horse limp
 with ever so little labor.  One may justly
 compare a horse in this situation, to a man 
         PURCHASERS G!< HORSES         31
 that has corns on his feet, and yet is obliged
 to wTalk a long way in shoes that are too
 tight and stubborn.  A horse therefore  is
 worth a great deal le-s upon tliL? account.
   Bow legs.]  After having well examined
 the feet, stand about three paces from his
 shoulders, and look cartful  that lie U not
 bow-leged, which proceeds from two differ-
 ent causes ;first,  from nature, when a horse
 has been got  by a worn-out stallion; and sec-
 ondly,  from his  having been worked too
 young ; neither in the one case nor the other
 is the horse of any value,  because he never
 can be sure footed ; it is also a disagreeable
 sight if the knees point  forwards, and his
 legs turn in  under him, so that  the  knees
 come much further out than the feet; it is
 what is called a bow-legged horse ; and such
 a one ought to be rejected for any service
 whatsoever, as he never can  stand firm on
 his legs ; and  how handsome soever he may
 otherwise be, he should on no account be
used for a stallion, because all his progeny
will have the  same deformity.  *
  Head.~i  Then stand hv his side, and take 
32
ADVICE TO THE
particular notice that his head be well set on;
for if thick set, be assured it will cause him
to toss up his nose for want of wind, which
causes a horse to carry his head disagreea-
bly high, and occasions a ticklish mouth.
  Neck.]  His neck should be small  at the
setting on of his head, and long, growing
deeper to the shoulders, with a high, strong,
and thin mane,long, soft, and somewhat curl-
ing ; those being beautiful characters ;  on
the contrary, a head ill set on is a great de-
formity.
  Pole-evil.]  To have a  large bigness or
swelling  in the  nape of the neck shews the
pole-evil.  To*bave a short thick neck like
a bull, to have  it falling  in the withers, to
have alow, weak, thick or falling crest,shews
want of strength and mettle.
   The Mane.] Much hair on the mane shews
dulness, as too thin a mane shews fury ; and
to have none, or shed, shews the worm in it,
the itch, or mangeness.
   The Shoulders.] In shewing a horse, a deal-
er or jockey will generally place him with
bis fore feet on a higher ground than his bind 
         PURCHASERS OF HORSES.        33
ones, in order that the shoulder may appear
further in his  back,  and make him higher
in sight  than  he really is; but be sure to
cause  him to  be led on level  ground, and
w that his shoulders li«> well into his back ;
for an upright shouldered  horse carries hi^
weight too forward which is disagreeable and
unsafe to the rider.  Have his legs stand e-
ven, and you will then have it in your powTer
tojudge of his shoulders.  If you do not o b-
serve this, the dealer will  contrive that his
near leg stands before the other, as the shoul-
ders in that position appear to lie further in
the back.  If  his knees stand nearly close,
and  his toes quite in a  line, not turning in,
nor yet turning out, be assured he will not
cut; if he takes his legs up a  moderate height,
and neither clambers, nor yet goes too near
the ground, he will most likely answer your
purpose.
  Back, Body, SCc.]  Observe  that  the chine
of his back be broad, even  and straight, his
ribs well compassed, and bending outward,
his fillets upright, strong, short, and above
an handful! between his last rib and hishiicklo 
34
ADVICE TO  THE
bone ; his belly should be well let down, yet
hidden within  his ribs,  and his stones close
thrust up to his boy, those  being marks of
health and goodness.  Be careful in observ-
ing that he has no swelling in his testicles, a
disorder that usually proceeds either from
some strain in working, or from the horse's
having continued too long in the  stable, or
from his putting one leg over any bar,  and
being checked by the halter, or, in a word,
from any other accident that confines a horse,
makes him kick or fling, and bruise his cods,
and there is no other way of knowing this dis-
temper, but by some outward swelling upon
the part.
  The coming down of the  testicles pro-
ceeds from the same causes, with this differ-
ence only, that it is a long time discovering
itself;  whereas the other may come in  one
night.  If his chine be narrow, he will never
carry a saddle well;  and to have it bending
or saddle-backed,  shews  weakness.  If his
ribs  be flat, there is but small liberty  for
wind.  Should his fillets hang low, or weak*
he will never climb a hill, or carry a burden 
        PURCHASERS OF HORSES.         35
 Well.  A belly that is clung up,  or gaunt,
 and stones hanging down loose, are signs of
 sickness, tenderness, foundering  in the bo-
 dy and unaptness for labor.   His buttocks
 should be round, plump, full, and in an even
 level with his body; the narrow, pin buttock,
 the hog or swine rump, and the falling and
 downlet buttock, shews an injury in nature.
 The horse that is deep in his  girthing place,
 is generally  of great strength.  His hinder
 thighs, or gastains, should be well  let down,
 even to the middle joint, thick, brawny, full
 and swelling; this being a great sign of
 strength  and goodness ; lank  and slender
 thighs shews disability and weakness.  From
 the thigh  bone to the hock it should be pret-
ty long, but short from the hock to the pas-
tern.   Observe the middle joint behind, and
if it be nothing but skin and bone, veins and
sinews, rather  a little bending  than  too
strait,  it is perfect as it should be; on the
contrary,  should it have chaps or sores on
the inward bought, or bending, it is a sallen-
<der.
  Spavins,]   Should the joint be generally 
36
ADVICE TO  THE
swelled all over, he must have had a blow
or bruise; if in any particular part, as in the
pot, or hollow part, or on the inside, the vein
full and proud, and the swelling soft, it is a
blood spavin.  You  cannot  therefore take
too much care in examining the houghs of
delicate horses, for let the swelling appear
ever so small upon the flat of the lower part
of the hough, within side, though the hoise
may not limp, you ought to be apprehensive
that in time and  with but little labour, the
spavin will increase on him.
  The fat spavin comes almost in the same
place as the other, but is larger.
  A third kind is the ox spavin, and this is«
thought the worst of the three.  If the swel-
ling be hard, it is a bone spavin; you should
examine a horse thoroughly therefore before
you buy him ; and, in particular, see if all
the1 jpints pf his legs  move with equal free-
dom.   Most horses that have the bone spa-
vin are very apt to start when you go to take
up their legs, and will hardly let you touch
them with  your  hand ; examine them well
therefore with your eye, and see if, between 
PURCHASERS  OF HORSES
37
the fetlock and the crown, the leg descends-
even and smooth ; for if you see any protu-
berance between the flesh and the skin, that
looks like a sort of knot or kernel, you have
found the defect.
  A Curb.]  If you observe the swelling to
be exactly before the knuckle, it is a curb ;
which is an accident that may happen in dif-
ferent manners; such as a strain in working
slipping  his foot in  a hole, or  in marshy
ground,  &c. out of which he pulls it with
pain, and by that means wrenches his hough,
without dislocating any thing, and yet, with*
out speedy care, he may be lamed.
  A RaVs Tail.] There is alo a defect which
is more common in the hind than the fore
legs, though the latter are not quite exempt
from it, and it is called the rat's tail, and it is
thus known ; when you see, from the hind
part of the fetlock, up along the nerves, at
kind of line channel  that separates the hair
to both sides, this is a rat's tail ; and in sunj.
mer there appears a kind of small dry scab
along this channel; and in winter there issue* 
38
ADVICE TO  THE
out a humidity, like the water from the legs.
A horse may work notwithstanding this dis-
order, for it seldom lames him; it sometimes
occasions a stiffness in the legs, and makes
them trot like foxes, without bending their
joints.  The hind legs should be lean, clean,
flat, and sinewy ; for if fat, they will not bear
labor; if swelled, the fat is moulten into them
if scabbed above the pasterns, it is the scratch-
es ; and if he hath chops under his pasterns,
he hath  what is generally called the rains.
If he has a good buttock, his tail cannot stand
ill, but will be broad, high, flat, and couck-
ed a little inward.
   A walk  and trot in hand.] Having with
care examined the horse, let him be run in
hand a gentle trot; by this you will soon per-
ceive if he is lame or not.   Make the  man
lead him by the  end of the bridle, as in this
case you cannot be deceived by the man's
being too near him.  The far fore leg, and
near hind leg, or the near fore leg, and far
hind leg, should move and go forward at one
 and the same time ; and in this  motion, the
 nearer Uie horse taketh his limbs from the 
       PURCHASERS  OF HORSES,         39
 ground, the opener, the evener, and the short-
 er is his space.
   Forging.] If he takes up his feet slovenly,
 it shews stumbling or lameness ; to tread nar-
 row, or cross, shews interfering, or failing;
 to step uneven,  shews wearines ; and if he
 treads long,  you may be apprehensive  he
 forges; by which I mean, that when he walks
 or trots, he strikes the toes of his hind feet
 against the corners of his shoes before, which
 occasions a clattering  noise as you ride; and
 this proceeds generally from the weakness
 of his fore legs, he not having strength in
 them to raise them up sufficiently quick to
 make way for the hind ones.  A  horse of
 this kind  is not  near  so serviceable as the
 horse exempt from it; and the dealers, to get
 rid of him, will make  abundance of preten-
 ces ; if he has been just shoed, they will say
the farrier has put him on too long shoes;
if his shoes are old, they will tell you he has
just come off a long journey, and is much fa-
tigued; you must not therefore be over credr
ulous to any thing a jockey or dealer affirms;
for what they say in this manner, is too often 
40
ADVICE TO THE
with intent to deceive ; and it is very cer-
tain, that a horse who forges can never be
sure footed, any more than one who has tot-
tering and bow legs.
   Walk  and trot mounted,]  On his  being
mounted, see him walk.  Observe his mouth,
that he pulls fair, not too high, nor bearing
down; then stand behind him,  and see if he
goes narrower before than behind, as every
horse that goes well on his legs goes in that
manner.  Take notice that  he brushes not
by going too close ; a certain sign of his cut-
ting, and tiring in travelling.  Have nothing
to do with that horse who throws his legs
confusedly about, and crosses  them before:
fchis you  may observe by standing exactly
before or behind him, as he  is going along.
In his trot he should point his fore legs well,
and that he throws  well in his hind legs,
without clambering, nor yet as if he were a-
fraid; which will enable him to support his
trot, and shoot his fore parts forward.
   A Canter or  Gallop.] In his canter, ob-
serve he  does not fret, but goes cool in this
pace; and in his gallop, h^e should take hi 
           PURCHASERS OF HORSES.       41
  feet nimbly from the  ground, and not raise
  them too high; but that he  stretcheth out
  his fore  legs, and follows  nimbly with his
  hind ones; and that he cutteth not under
  his knee, (which is called the swift or spee-
  dy cut) that he  crosses not,  nor claps one
  foot on another;  and ever leadeth with his
  far fore foot, and not with the near one.  If
  he gallops round, and raises his fore feet, he
  may be  said to gallop strongly, but not
  swiftly,  and if he labor his feet confusedly,
  and seems to gallop painfully, "it shews so  le
  hidden  lameness; for in all his paces, you
  should particularly observe that his  limbs
  are free and without the least stiffness.
    Tottering Legs.] Now that  he has been
  well exercised in those different paces, it is
 your time to  examine for an infirmity not
 easily discovered, and that is  what  I call
 Tottering Legs:  You  cannot perceive it
 till after a horse has gallopped  for  some
4ime; and then, by letting him  r« st a fit tie,
 you will  see  his legs  tremble  under him,
 which is the disorder  I  mean;  how  hand-
-somesoever the legs of such a  horse may be,
                JD2 
42
ADVICE TO  THE
he never can stand well on them; you are
therefore not to mind what the jockey says,
when he talks of the beauty of the limbs ;
for if you oblige him to gallop the horse, or
fatigue him pretty much, (which is common-
ly done in order to try the creature's bot-
tom) you will in all likelihood discover thi^
defect, unless you suffer  the groom to gal-
lop him to the stable door, and put him up
in a  moment, which he will certainly en-
deavor to do, if he  is conscious of it, while
the master has another horse ready to shew
you, in  order  to take off your attention
from what he is  afraid  you should see.
   Thus having, to the best of my judgment,
gone through every requisite observation
relative  to  the purchase of a horse, studi-
 ously avoiding its being drawn into an un-
 necessary length, yet at the same time being
 as careful to avoid an affected brevity, the
 gentlemen, to  whom many of my observa-
 tions  are  familiar, will  please to observe,
 that I have endeavored, as much as possible,
 to write for the information of the person
 entirely unacquainted  with the qualifica- 
         PURCHASERS OF HOUSES        43
tions which form a complete horse;  in  the
purchase of which, the person should par-
ticularly consider the e:id  for  which he
buys; whether for running, hunting, travel-
ing, draught or burden; and it is therefore
almost unnecessary to remind him, that the
biggest  and  strongest are  fittest  for strong
occasions, burdens, draught, or double-car-
riage ;  as the  middle size is for hunting,
pleasure,  general employments, and  the
least for summer  hackney.  The last thing
I shall take the freedom to  observe to my
reader is, that a very ,small portion of  this
treatise  has been taken from a late publica-
tion, deficient  in many respects, though, at
the same time containing some trite obser-
vations ; and that the bulk of it has been
compiled from my own experience, assisted
by various Authors on the  subject, of which
Monsieur Saunier is the principal.  All  I
have therefore to observe is, that  it  was
compiled at the request of the publishers,
as a suitable companion to  a  book of the
same size, entitled, The Gentleman's Pock-
et Farriery; shewing how  to use  a horse on 
44
ADVICE TO  THE
a journey; and what remedies  are proper
for common accidents that may befal him
on the road; which having been universal-
ly approved, and met with a very extensive
sale, they are hopeful, that a well drawn up
assistant towards the purchase  of a horse,
describing the disorders, &c. to  which he is
liable, might stand fair to  be received with
marks of the same public approbation. 
     OBSERVATIONS AND RECEIPTS.
                tor tk:-'
Cure of most Common Distempers
               INCIDENT TO
          HORSES.
        HEN  you chuse to have a foal
for beauty, let your  horse and mare be
of a coal black, a bright bay, a good grey,
or a dun, which are  very agreeable colors;
and let your horse and  mare be «ound, and
of  a known good breed,  with their marks
much alike ; the horse should be 15, and the
the mare 14 hands  and an half high, nor
should they be more  than six years old when
they are brought together ; and by observ-
ing these directions, you need not fear hav-
ing good, strong, and sound colts.
  If you have  more mares than one with
foal at a time,  mind to keep them  asun-
der  when  they have  foaled, for a whole
year,  lest either of the  colts going to the
other's dam should get a kick, as pft.cn hap
W 
46
RECEIPTS FQR THE
pens, that may make him a cripple ^ver af-
ter ; when they are a year old you may wean
them, because they may then eat oats, bran
and good short hay ; and you may likewise
at that time  put them together, provided
you have none that are  a year older than
they to run with them; for as they are apt
to kick and lame each other, so, if they are
of an age, they will be the better able to
bear one another's blows ; and now  is the
time your servants should be careful  not to
learn them any bad tricks, by letting them
bite, or kick at  them ; for if they do, they
will find  it a hard matter to break them of
it.  When they are come to about four or
five years old, you may let  them eat beans
and pease; and if you intend to bring them
to business, put them into the stable for two
or three days, tie them  up with a halter to
acquaint them with the other horses, letting
your servant make much of them;  then put
on each of them a bridle, and let them stand
two or three days longer with the bit in their
mouth,  that you  may the  better  manage
them when you come to back them.  Next 
            CURE OF HORSES.           47
 take one of them out of the stable, and lead
 him ahout  in your hand  with a saddle on
 his bac k; then  mount him, but be sure to
 have a good strong bridle, girths, and stir-
 rups, and take care you are not thrown ; for
 if he gets the upper hand  of you, then you
 will find  it a hard matter to break him;
 learn him to walk on boldly, for  he will be
 apt to stop and startle at any thing that pre-
 sents itself to his view.  When  you  have
 learned him to walk well,  and observe that
 he  is not frighted at every little thing he
 sees, then you may venture to trot and gal-
 lop him; and by this means you  may soon
 bring him to all his paces.   Your horse be-
 being  now  fit  for  service; and perfectly
 sound, he will fetch you  a good price, if
 you intend to dispose of him.
  We shall  now give you some directions
to prevent your being imposed  on in the
 purchase of a horse:  The first of which is>
 never to bargain for  one  before you ride
him, because he may start  and stumble,
 though handsome to  look upon; but first
 examine strictly his teeth, eyes, legs,  and 
48           RECEIPTS FOR THE
wind;  and then to know, his age, raise  ms
upper lip with your finger and thumb, and
if his teeth shut close, he is young, but if
they point forward, and the  upper and
the under edges don't meet even, he is old;
and the longer his teeth  are, (the gums be-
ing dry and shrunk from them, looking yel-
low and rusty) the  older he is.
  If his eyes are lively and clear, and you
can see to the bottom,  and the image  of
your face  is reflected  from thence, and not
from the surface of the eye, they are good ;
but if muddy, cloudy, or coal black, they
are bad.
  If his knees are not broke, nor stand herd-
ing  and trembling forward, (which is cal-
lep knuckling) his legs may be good ,  but
if he steps short, and digs his toes into  the
ground, beware of a founder, or at  lea>t a
contracted back sinew.
   If his flanks beat even and slow, his wind
 may be good;  but if they heave double and
 irregular, or (while he stands in the stable)
 blows at the nostrils,  as if l.c had just  been
 galloping, they are signs of a broken wind. 
             CURE OF  HORSES.          49
   A horse with thick shoulders and a bioad
 chest laden with  flesh, hanging too forward
 and heavily projecting over his knees and
 feet, is fitter for a collar than a saddle.
   A horse with thin  shoulders and a flat
 chest, whose fore feet  stand boldly forward
 and even, his neck rising semicircular from
 the  points  of those thin shoulders to his
 head, may justly be said to have a light fore
 hand, and is fitter for a saddle than  a collar.
   Next enquire rf he bites, kicks, stops, or
 starts.  A horse may be sound, though guil-
 ty of all four, which a man  can hardly dis-
 cover by barely  looking on him ; so we re-
 fer you to the keeper.
   When you  are buying, 'tis common for
 the owner to say  in praise of his horse,  that
he hath neither splent, spavin nor windgall.
  That you' may not be imposed on, those
three are thus described:
  The splent is a fixed callous excrescence,
or hard knob  growing upon the flat of the
inside or outside  (and  sometunes both) of
the shank bone, a little under, and  not far
from the knee, and may be seen and felt.
                    E 
 50          RECEIPTS FOR THE
   The  spavin is of the  same nature, and
 appears in the like manner on  the shank
 bone behind, and not far below the hough.
   The windgalls are several little swellings
just above the fetlock joints of all the four
legs : they seem (in  feeling) to   be full  of
wind or jelly, but they never lame a horse;
the spent and spavin always  do; and for
their cure, look among the receipts at the
end of this treatise on horses.
   To discover if a horse stumbles or starts,
when you mount him neither let him feel
your spurs, nor  see your whip;  keep your-
 self in a profound calm;  and when you are
seated, go gently off with a loose rein, which
will make him careless ;  and if he is a stum-
bler, he will discover himself in a very lit
tie way.
   The best horse may  stumble,  but  if  he
springs out when he stumbles, as if he fear-
ed your whip and spur, you may justly sus*
pect him to be an old offender: a man
 should never strike a horse for stumbling or
 Starting :  we confess  the  provocation  is 
             CURE OF  HORSES,           51
 great, but the fright  of  correction makes
 him worse.
   Whenever you intend to travel orhuntf
 let your horse's feet be examined some con-
 venient time before you set out, to see that
 his shoes are all fast, and set easy on his feet;
 for on that depends the pleasure  and safety
 of your journey.
   If he cuts, either before or behind, look
 that his shoes stand  not out with an edge
 beyond the hoof, and feel that  the clinches
 lie close ;  but if his cutting proceeds from
 interfering, (that is crossing  his legs in his
 trot) then it is a natural infirmity, and can
 only be a little helped  by care.
   If (as he  stands in the stable) you observe
 him to point one foot  forwarder than the
 other, either  before  or behind, seeming  to
 bear no weight on it, you may reasonably
 conclude he is not easy: if the  shoe  is the
 cause, the farrier can remove it presently;
but if the foot is hot, hurt by some unknown
accident, then make the following poultice ;
  Take any sort of greens, such  as lettice,
cabage, mallow leaves, turnip tops, or tur- 
52          RECEIPTS FOR THE
nips themselves, the best of all ; boil them
tender, squeeze the water out, chop them in
a wooden bowl, with two or three ounces of
hog's lard or butter.
  Put this poultice  into a cloth, and tie his
foot in it as hot as you can ; this will soften
his  hoof, and in the farrier's paring, he will
discover if he is pricked  or bruised; if he
is only bruised, one more poultice will cure
him; but if he is wounded to the quick, op-
en the  hole with your penknife, and put to
it the following horse ointment; which be-
ing kept on with dry tow, will suck out the
gravel; and his foot being put  as before in
a hot poultice, and repeated morning and
evening, he will be well in  two  or three
nights.
           The Horse Ointment.
  Into a clean pipkin that holds about n
quart, put the bigness  of a pullet's e^g of
yellow rosin ;  when  it is  melted over a
middling fire, add the same quantity of bees
wax ;  when  that is melted,  put  in half a
pound of hog's lard ; when it is dissolved,
put in 2 ounces of honey; when that isdissol v- 
CURE OF  HORSES.
53
edput in half a pound of common turpentine;
keep it gently boiling, stirring it with a stick
all the time; when the turpentine is dissolv-
ed,  put in two ounces of verdigrease finely
powdered ;  but before you put in the ver-
digrease, you must take off the pipkin, else
it will rise into the fire in a moment;  set it
on again, and give it two or three wabbles,
and strain it through a coarse sieve into a
clean vessel for  use,  and throw the dregs
away.
  This ointment is very good for a wound
or bruise in  the flesh or hoof, broken knees»
galled backs, bites, cracked heels,mallanders
or when you geid a horse, to keep the flies
away.
  The aforesaid poultice and ointment will
likewise cure a horse that is lame in his heel
or hoof, occasioned by  an  over-reach,  or
tread of another horse, be it never so deep,
and though gravel be in it: for it will suck
it out, fill  it  again with sound flesh, and
make the hoof grow over it much sooner
than any other  method  or medicine what.-
soever.
                 £2 
it I
RECEIPTS  FOR THE
  All  cuts, treads, and bruises are cured
by the aforesaid poultice, not  only safest
and soonest, but without leaving any mark.
  If a horse's legs and heels swell and crack,
and become stiff and sore, wash them with
hot water and soap, then prepare the fore-
going poultice, and tie it on hot, letting it
stay on all night.   Feed him as usual, and
offer him warm water.  About three or four
hours after he is put up for all  night, and
fed, give him the following ball:
  Half an ounce of aethiop's mineral.  Dit-
to of balsam of sulphur terib.  Ditto of dia-
pente, or powdered aniseeds,  mixed and
made into a ball with honey or treacle, and
a pint of warm ale after it; and, in the morn-
ing, give him warm water,  in the stable on
account of the ball.  A day or twro after
take a pint of blood from his neck.
  The poultice being continued every night,
and the ball three times, that is every other
night, it will cure a horse if he is young and
the distemper new; but if he  is old, and
hath had it a long time on  him, it  will re-
quire  further repetition: take  great  care 
             LURE 0i<  HORSE*.           -JJ
 not to let him  sweat during this operation,
 for it will retard the cure.
   If you can get no sort of poulticing, then
 melt  hog's lard, butter, or kitchen-grease,
 in a sauce-pan; and with a rabbit's foot or a
 rag, grease his  heels with it very hot.
   The mallender is  a  crack in the bend of
 the knee, and the sellandei is a crack in the
 bend of the hough; and  are cured by the
 same method, medicine, greasing and poul-
 ticing, which are used for swelled and crack-
 ed heels.
   If the saddle bruises his back, and makes
 it swell, a greasy dish-clout laid on hot, and
 a rag over it bound  on for a while, and re-
 peated once or twice, will sink it; then wash
 it with a little  water and  salt, and it will
 cure  it.          t
  If a horse is off his stomach, and the keep-
er is afraid of a  surfeit, which is often attend-
ed with the grease, the farcy, or both,  the
symptoms are the staring of the coat, and
hide bound.
  The staring  of the coat will soon appear;
to prevent which, boil for a cordial. 
50
RECEIPTS 1 OR THE
   Half a pound of anniseeds in  a quart of
ale ;  pour it upon half a pound of honey
in a bowl, brew it about till it is almost as
cold lis blood, then give it with a horn, seeds
and ail.  Feed as usual, but keep him warm
cloathed ; give him warm water  that night
and next morning. A mash will do well that
night, &, lest the cordial should not have force
enough to carry off the surfeit, give him, af-
ter all, and just before bedtime,  one of the
balls, as directed above.
  To prevent stiffness, supple and wash his
legs with greasy dish-wash, or hot water and
soap, and do not take him out of the stable
that night:  grease his hoofs, and stop  his
feet with the following ball:
  Two or three handfuls of bran,  put into
a. sauce-pan, with as much grease  of any
kind as will moisten it; make it hot, and
put a ball of it into each fore foot.   Cover
each with a little tow or straw, and put two
splints over that to keep it in ail night*----
But these balls are not necessary in the win-
ter, nor when the roads are full of water.
  This ball will  likewise prevent a horse 
            CURE OF  HORSES.          57
from  catching  cold, or fonudering,  after
he has been rid hard upon a dry road in hot
weather*                           •
  If you  wrench a horse's  shoulder, or
what we commonly call a shoulder-slip, mix
two ounces of oil of spike  with one  ounce
of oil of swallows, and with your hands rub
a little of it  all over his shoulder ; then
bleed him in the plait vein, and let him rest
two days, that will  cure a slight strain.
  If he continues  lame, put a round rowel
to draw away the humours, about two inch-
es below the point of his shoulder; in doing
which, take care to keep off the plait vein ;
for if you  wound that, it is an hundred to
one but it strikes into his body and  morti-
fies;  several  have  died that wray.  After
you have rowelled him, you must let  him
rest two days at least, till the  rowel digests
and runs ; and then, though lame, you may
walk him  a little, but it must be very slow ;
and he will soon grow well.  You must re-
member to turn the rowel every  morning
after it runs.   This experiment has  often
been tried with good success. 
58
RECEIPTS  FOR THE
   If a horse is strained in the stifle (a little
 bone upon the thigh bone, above the inside
 bend or the  hough,) the Turnip  Poultice,
 mentioned in page 52, will  infallably cure
 it; but, by its situation, you will find a dif-
 ficulty to keep it on, yet it may be  done
 with a few yards of list.
  If it is not well or much amended, in three
x>r four days, examine his hip, perhaps  he
 may be hipshot, but that  must be cured by
 a rowel, because  you cannot fasten a poul-
 tice on that part.  First rub  his hip with
 the two oils above mentioned for a shoulder-
slip : then put a round rowel  about three
or four inches below the large cavity which
receives the head of the  thigh bone ; when
it begins to digest, turn the  rowel  every
morning.   After  a  week or ten days you
may take it out, and keep the lips of the
 wound moist  with hog's  lard, that  it may
hea<l the smoother.
An excellent Remedy to cure a Clap in the
              Back Sinews.
  Take a spoonful or two of hog's  lard, or
 rather goose grease, melt it in a  saucepan, 
CURE  OF HORSES.          59
and rub it  into the back sinew very hot?
from the bend oi the knee to the fetlock ;
make, as you are desired in page 52, a tur-
nip poultca, afid tie it on hot, from the fet-
lock to above the knee,  and let H stay on
all night: thus,  first tie the cloth about the
fetlock, then put it in the poultice, and raise
the cloth and poultice together, till you get
it above the bend of the knee, twisting the
list or string round his leg as you rise, and
fasten it above  the bend of the knee ; take
it off in the morning, and put on a fresh one;
at night do the same.  Two or three of these
poultices will cure a new strain, five or  six
an old one. If he has been lame a long time,
the sinew will be contracted ; this  poultice
will relax  it.
   The  same poultice will also cure the fet-
lock of a horse  that is cast in his halter, by
repeating it till he is well.
. A caution  to prevent the taking a Clap in the
   Back Sinews for a  Shoulder-Slip,  which
   very often happens.
   If it  is in the shoulder, he will draw  his
toe  on the  ground as  he  walks; if in the 
•60          RECEIPTS FOR THE
  back sinew, he will lift it off and step short,
  though downright  lame.  There  does not
  happen above one shoulder-slip to fifty back
  sinew strains,
   Never take a horse out of a warm stable
 to ride him  into a horse-pond at an unsea-
 sonable hour, either too early or too late;
 for by that means he often catches  a great
 cold.
   Sometimes, upon a violent cold, a large
 swelling as big as one's arm, from the elbow
 to the sheath on both sides his belly,  will
 rise ; wiien it so happens, take, if you can
 get it, (for the swellings may hinder)  half a
 pint of blood, or thereabouts, from the spur-
 vein on each side;  then  clothe him  warmer
 than usual, and  give him the anniseed cor-
 dial, seeds and all, as directed in page 54.
 Repeat it for a day  or two,  taking such
 care of him as  belongs to a  horse that has
just caught cold.
   If the swelling continues, and corruption
gathers in it, you must  let it out with  the
fleam,  he will grow well as his cold goe»
off. 
CURE OF  HORSES.
61
   If, after a day or two, you perceive a run-
ning at his eyes, and a little gleeting at his
nostrils, you must expect to hear him cough.
in that case, take a pint of blood from his
neck in a morning, and at noon give an ad-
ditional feed to make amends for the loss of
blood.  At night give him a mash over and
above his usual allowance. The next night
give him the anniseed cordial as before.
   If his  congh continues three days, you
must  take another pint of blood from his
neck;  and to keep it off his lungs, give him
just before  you go to bed,
   Liquorice powder,  an ounce; sweet oil,
a  spoonful; sethiops mineral, an ounce;
balsam of sulphur, half an ounce; made in-
to a ball with a little  honey.
   Clothe and keep him warm, repeat the
ball next night,  which will be sufficient to
cure any new gotten cold or surfeit.
   Feel between his jaws, and if his kernels
are swelled, three or four  turnip poultices>
as mentioned in page 52, will dissolve them,
but continue the anniseed cordial till he is*
well.
                  3? 
 02         RECIPTS FOR THE
   When a horse has got cold, it sometimes
 falls into his eyes, which you will know by
 a running or thick  glare upon them ; put
 your hand to  his nostrils, and if you find
 his breath hotter than  usual, it will then be
 necessary to take a little blood from his
 neck; that is, a pint,  or a quart at  most,
 unless it be very thick and very hot.  It is
 safer to take a gallon at five or six bleedings,
 than two quarts at once ; for it. robs him of
 too much animal  spirits.
  Always bleed  a horse in  a pint or quart
 pot ;  for when you bleed at random on the
 ground, you never can know what quantity
 you take, nor what quality  his blood is of.
 From such violent  methods, used  with ig-
 norance, proceeds the  death of a great num-
ber of horses.
  A pint of blood for the first time is enouglr
 and you may repeat that as you see occa-
 sion but you cannot easily restore the blood
 and spirits you may be too lavish of.
  But to  return  to the eyes.   After you
 have  taken a pint of blood from him, get a
 quartern loaf hot out of the oven, cut away 
CCRE OF  HORSED          63
 ihe crust, and put the soft inside into a lin-
 en bag large  enough to cover  his forehead
 and temples ; press it flat, and bind it on by
 way of poultice, as hot aa may be  without
 scalding ; at the same time fasten something
 of a cloth about his neck to keep his throat
 warm.  Let  the poultice stay on till it is
 almost cold,  and repeat  it once  or twice,
 then prepare the following eye water :
   Into half a pint of rose or spring water,
 put one dram of tutty finely prepared; one
 dram of white sugar candy powdered; and
 half a dram of sugar of lead.
   With a feather put a drop into each eye,
 mornings and evenings.
   Never blow powders  into  the eyes, al-
 ways use liquids.
   The next day if needful, repeat the poul-
tice ;  and for want of a hot loaf at any time*
make  a poultice of bread  boiled in milk,
continuing the eye wTater every day.
   You may  use the turnip  poultice, men-
tioned in  page  52  ; but you must not put
grease into it.
  If a film grows over the eye, put a scruple 
64          RECEIPTS FOR THE
of white vitriol, and a scruple of roach-al-
lum, both finely powdered, into half a quar-
tern of spring water, and with a feather put
a drop into each eye, mornings and  even
ings, and it will eat it clean off1 in three days,
or thereabouts.
  It is observed, some horses carry a good
belly for a long time ; others part with their
food before it is well digested, which makes
them so thin and lank, that they are ready
to slip through their girths;  they are called
washy.  Such horses must  be  chiefly fed
with dry meat; that is,  oats  and beans, but
seldom with  bran.  They also will eat as
much, or rather more than other horses, and
you should feed  them oftener ; for  being
too soon empty, they require it.
  If you do not gallop a horse off his wind,
we will venture to say,  it is not a journey
hurts him, but  your neglect of  him when
you dismount; and therefore consider he is
tied up, and can have nothing but what  is
brought to him; for he cannot help him-
self.
   When you are upon a journey,  always 
             CURE OF HORSES^           65
  see your horse fed as soon as  you can at
  night, that he may go to rest, and he will be
  fresher for it in the  morning;  and always
  give two or  three feeds instead of a large
  one ; for too much  at once will cloy him.
    If at any time you perceive  your horse
  faint, you may give him a pint of warm ale
  with a quartern of brandy, rum, or geneva
  in it ;  or an ounce of diapente in it.  Dia-
  U'-nte  will comfort  his bowels, drive  out
  cold and wind, and  cause him  to carry his
  food the longer.
   If a horse is taken  with the gripes (which
 he will discover to you by often looking to-
 wards  his flanks,)  and  cannot  keep upon
 his legs, but rolls and beats himself about,
 as undoubtedly he is in  very great .misery,
 do not  bleed him unless his breath  is very
 hot, but clothe him warm immediately, and
 with a horn give him  half a pint of brandy,
 and as  much sweet oil, mixed  ; then trot
 him about till he is a  little warm, and it will
 certainly cuie some horses. * If it does not
 cure yours, boil  an ounce of beaten pepper
£n a quart of milk, and put half a pound of
                F.2 
QQ         RECEIPTS FOR THE
butter, and two or three ounces of salt, into
a bowl or bason, and brew them  together,
give it rather warmer than usual; it will
purge him in about half an hour,  and per-
haps remove the fit.  If it does not,  omit
half the pepper, and give the same in qual-
ity  and quantity by way of clyster, adding
as it cools, the yolks of four eggs.   If he is
very bad, and neither will do, boil a pound
of anniseeds, in two quarts of ale, brewT  it
wpon a pound of honey ;  when it is almost
cool enough, put in two  ounces of diascor-
dium, and give it with a horn at three doses,
allowing about half an  hour between each
dose ;  If his fit abates, give him time to re-
cover, but if all this does not give him ease,
and you have a suspicion of worms or botts
bred in his gut, which indeed may be  the
cause ; for they sometimes fasten in the pas-
sage from the stomach unto  the  great gut,
stop it, and so torment him till  he dies;
then give him two ounces of sethiop's min-
eral made into a ball, with an ounce of the
powder of anniseeds and a spoonful of bon- 
            CURE OF HORSE is           tiv
^y, and it will cure him :  But you must not
give this to a mare with foal.
   Never let a hor^e stand too long without
exercise infills his belly too fell of meat,
and hisMllns too full of blood, and  from
hence  olterfproceeds the staggers.
         A cure for the Staggers.
   If a horse be strong, take first a  pint ol.
blood  from the neck ; and when you  have
done that,  open one of the thigh veins, and
from thence take a quart ; if the disease be
simple, this will cure him ; but keep him af-
terwards to a moderate cleansing diet, and
by degrees harden  him with  proper ex-
ercise  ; if he is weak, bleed him less in pro-
portion.   After which, we recommend the
following clysters from Mons. Solleyel.
   Boil two ounces of the  scoriae of the  liver
of antimony made  into a fine  powder, in
five pints of beer; after five or six wabbles
remove it from the fire, adding a quarter of
a pound of butter or hog's lard, and give it
him two or three times, if he will bear it, and
it will  cure him : rub him well down, and 
6B         RECEIPTS FOR THE
give him warm water during this course of
physic.
 Thus thin skinned horses that have been well
kept and  clothed, should never be turned
to grass above three months in tq^fear, viz.
from  the beginning of June toW end of
August ;  but  thick  skinned horses  have-
strong coats which keep out the weather;
and if well fed, will lie abroad all the Year -
fo walking about to feed prevents stiffness
in their limbs ; and  treading in the  grass
keeps their hoofs moist and cool: but they
should have a hovel to come to at night, or
when it snows or rains.
   Never purge a horse just taken  from
grass, for it dissolves or  looses some tender
fat or humours, which fall into his legs or
heels, so that  he rarely  stands  dry all the
winter after.   But after six  days you may
bleed him under a quart, and at night give
him the anniseed cordial, mentioned in page
56, which  is a gentle  opener.
  If you needs must purge a horse, for which
we would have a good reason given, let hiiw
not touch cold water within  or without till 
            ■CI RE  OF HORSKS,          69
the day after it has done working, but give
him whatever warm water he will diink.—
And let the following be-the purge  :
  Aloes  one ounce ; jallop two or three
drams.; oil of cloves ten  drams, made  into
a ball with honey.
  A purge may work the first day, but
commonly not till  the second.  We have
known them lie three days in a horse,  and
work well off at last.  •
  Never stir him out of the stable  till  the
purge has done working, for there is no
need of exercise during the operation,  be-
cause every purge will carry itself off, if
you keep him warm, and supply him  with
warm mashes, and as much warm water as
he will drink, and as often.
  When  a purge  works too long, or  too
strong upon him, which will  weaken  him
too much, give an ounce of Venice treacle
in a pint  of warm ale, and repeat it, if need-
ful, to blunt the force of the aloes.
  If a horse, who once looked fat and sleek,
is brought to you with a staring coat, and
n hollow flank, open his mouth, look on the 
$0          RECEIPTS FOR THE
roof, and if the gums next his fore teeth art-
swelled higher than his teeth, it will hinder
his feeding, and make him fall off his flesh.
Let a Smith burn it down with a hot iron ;
that is a complete cure for the lampas.
  If that is not the cause, you should never
cease inquiring till  you have found it out,
for a horse cannot speak.
  From gallopping a horse too hard when he
is full of water  often  proceeds  a broken
wind.

The following  Remedy, taken from Gibson,
  "we have often given with  great success
        to a broken Winded  Horse.
  Mix linseed and fenugreek frequently in
his corn, and sometimes those of fennel, car-
raways, and anise ; and  boil in his  water
three or four handfuls of barley,  with a  lit-
tle liquorice or honey  dissolved in it;  but
you  must not often use the  liquorice.  Ex-
ercise him more or less every day, but  Ie!
it be moderately, and when  the weather be
riear.
  If he be at any time  -eized with an  op- 
            CURE OF HORSE?.          71
 pression, and a more than ordinary difficul-
 ty of breathing, he  should have a vein o-
 pened in his flank, or  on the inside of the
 thigh,  from whence may be taken a small
 quantity of blood ; but this must he  done
 only when there is an absolute necessity for
 it; or the following balls have  been given
 and continued with great success.
  Take of myrrh and gum benzoin, of each
 four ounces ; gum arabic, the roots of orice,
 round  birthwort,  and the shavings of harts-
 horn or ivory, of each two ounces ; galan-
 gal and zedoary, of each an  ounce; fennel
 seeds,  cummin seeds,  and fenugreek, of
 each an ounce &  a half: Let these be beat
 into a  fine powder, and made up into a stiff
 paste,  with honey or  syrup of coltsfoot;
 tjien work into the whole an ounce of the
 common balsam of sulphur,  and let them
be  made  into  balls the bigness of a large
walnut, wiiereof one is to be given every
morning and afternoon, an hour before wa-
tering  time.
  The true and only use of rowels is to dis-
solve  hard swellings,  discharge and  tool 
72
RECEIPTS  FOR THE
wounds and bruises, to draw off and di-
gest humours that  lodge only between the
flesh and the skin ;  and therefore will never
cure the grease or farcy ; of which we shall
here give a description.
  Heats and colds thicken the blood ;<  and
the veins being full, it  either turns to  the
grease, and vents at the heels or frush ; or,
for want of circulation, stagnates and cor-
rupts in the veins ; so breaks  through vein,
skin and all, into buds of the farcy.
   Most people imagine that the farcy  lies
between the flesh and  the skin, but  in our
opinion they are very much mistaken ; for
before the bud breaks out, the veins  cord ;
which is a strong presumption  that the dis-
temper hath its origin in the blood, because
there is its first appearance.   Take  a  pint
of blood from any horse  whose veins are
corded any where about him, and  it will
bhew its corruption as soon as it is cold.----
Bleeding checks the  distemper, whereas if
you do not bleed, it would break out in ev-
ery part about him from his ears to the soles
 ©C his feet, even the corners of his eye, his, 
              CURE OF flORSES.          73
  yard and the very inside of his  hoofs, or
  wherever there are any  blood-vessels.----
  These demonstrations  oblige  us to believe
  the distemper does not lie in the skin, but
  in the veins.
    For the cure of the farcy,  look among
  the receipts at the end of this treatise on
 horses.
   The glanders  proceed from  several re-
 peated colds, such as are  catched at winter-
 grass ;  and by laying long upon the lungs
 and glands, corrupt the blood, and produce
 that unhappy consequence of running at the
 nostrils; for the  cure of which look among
 the receipts  at the end of this treatise on
 hor-es.
  The mourning of the chine is downright po-
 verty of flesh and blood, which  the severity
 of the distempers (i. e. colds) bring on, and
 may be compared to a lean  man in a  con-
 sumption : but there is no such thing as the
 running of the spinal marrow at the nostrils, a*
 many affirm ; for the vessel that contains the
spinal marrow, is composed of the same coats
that inclose the brain, & is continued from the
                    G 
 74          RECEIPTS FOR THE
 brain without disjunction, through the neck
 and chine bones, till it ends in the d ick ; so
 that there is  not  the least com,vu ucation
 between the spinal marrow and the nostrils^
 It is much the same, as in human  bodies.
   If you would know when a horse  is in a
fever, there is  a  pulse  a little  above the
knee, in the inside  of his leg, which may
be felt in thin skinned horses ; but the best
and surest way  is to put your hand to his
nostrils, and discover it  by the heat of his
breath.   There is  a time in some  fevers
when it is dangerous to bleed  or purge;
then clysters are of excellent use, we must
say, absolutely necessary ;  but  not one. in
a thousand will  give themselves the trouble
to relieve the poor sick creature in that way
for two reasons; 1st, Few people know when
a horse is in  a  fever ; 2dly, They seldom
are provided with so material an  instrument
as a clyster-pipe.  Therefore, for the sake
of the creature, and those that love him, the
following clyster in a fever is as good aa
any, and as little trouble : but first  get  a
pipe eight or ten inches long, with a bore 
            CURE OF HORSES.          75
large enough i> receive the end of your fin-
ger, ^ni a rim at one end of the pipe, that
what you tie on may not slip off; then boil
a spoonful of oat n.ial intwo quarts of water,
together with two ounces of senna,  add half
a pound of brown su^ar, half a pint of sweet
oil, and a handful of salt.  Get a bladder
that will contain the above  said quantity,
and tie its neck to the pipe.   Pour  the clys-
ter, with a funnel through the pipe  into the
bladder, and give it blood-warm, setting the
horse's hinder parts highest.  Keep him. q ui-
et in the stable till he voids it, the longer it
stay with him the better.
     If in  bleeding  you miss the vein,
do  not strike  your fl<sa.n a second  time
in the same place, because it  sometimes
makes the neck swell and proves  trouble-
some to cure;  but  the extravasated blood
infallably makes the neck swell, and the ju-
gular vein rot quite away from the orifice to
the jaw bone and downwards  almost to the
shoulder, which may prove  the loss  of a
horse ; therefore you should  take  care in
pinning, that you leave not a drop of blood 
76         RECEIPTS FOR THE
between the flesh and the skin.   The'turnip
p >ultice, as mentioned in page 52, makes the
best cure ;  but if the neck should happen to
be extremely bad, to help the poultice, you
must put a  small hair rowel two  or three in-
ches below the hard swelling, and continue
a repetition of the poultice, mornings and
evenings, till it is well; and this is all that
is in the great wonder of a  swelled neck  ;
that often'costs so many horses  a long fit of
of illness.
  If you dock a horse, never put under his
tail the knife or  instrument which is to cut
it off,  because you must then strike the tail,
which will bruise it ; then it mortifies,  and
that is the reason so many  horses die with
docking ;  but lay his  tail  next the block,
and at one blow drive the knife through a
oint, if possible, and  let one  stand ready
with a hot iron to sear the end  of the dock
and stop bleeding.
  There are innumerable misfortunes which
no  man can cure, or human foresight guard
against.
   Y\ e have here mentioned most of the con> 
            CURE OF HORSES.          77
mon accidents that happen to a horse, and
have taken  care, that, under some of the
heads we have treated of, you  may find a
great deal of help, by the analogy they have
to one another.
  We have  put no drug or composition in
here but what is very cheap, and may be
had almost in every country town and vil-
lage ; so we hope we have left no difficulty
on any body ; and we likewise hope, that
what we have here set down on the Cure of
Horses will be very acceptable and useful
to all those who may have occasion for them;
which done, we  shall add a few more ap-
proved Receipts  communicated by this So-
ciety, some of which we have referred to,
and so end this Treatise for the Cure of Hor-
ses, and proceed to those of Cattle, &c*
O 2 
                    78

            RECEIPTS.

 To cure the Grease, Surfeits, Loss of Appe*
    tite, Cough, Shortness of Breath ;
      to Purify the Blood, and to Fat-
        ten tired and wasted Horses.
  Give the horse twro ounces of liver of an-
timony, which is  crocus metallorum un-
washed, in oats and bran moistened, every
morning for twenty days together.
           To cure the Mange.
   Anoint the back bone with mercurial
ointment every other day, three times, and
give the horse liver of antimony.
        For a Horse that is Costive.
  Give him a clyster of broth, with four
ounces of soap, and a handful of salt dissolv-
ed in it.
           To cure a Scouring.
  Take milk-water, strong cinnamon water,
of each half a pint; Venice treacle, diascor-
dium, of each one ounce; red coral  prepar-
ed, half an ounce; mix and give it to the
horse. 
           CURE OF HORSE-,           ?9

       To cure  a Pestilential  Fever.
  Take milk-water, pi ague-water, of each
half a pint; Venice  treacle, diascordium, of
each an ounce ; diaphoretic antimony, half
an ounce ; snake-root powdered, two drams;
mix and give it to the horse.
         Water for  Inflamed Eyes.
  Take half a  pint of spring water, add to
that the quantity of an horse bean of white
copperas; and wash the eyes with this water
twice a-day ; it is of great use.
       To cure the Farcin or Farcy.
  First bleed the horse.  Take red precip-
itate, in fine powder, two drams ; and make
it into a ball with one ounce of Venice trea-
cle, and give it the  horse.  After the ball,
give the following drink :
  Take rue, two handful s; roots  of madder,
sharp pointed dock, of each four  ounces ;
chips of guaiacum wood, sassafras, of each
two ounces; boil them in two quarts of stale
beer, to three pints, then strain it.  Dress
the knots with arsenic* 
80           RECEIPTS FOR THE
   Repeat the ball and drink even third of
.fourth day, for three doses.
                 Another.
   Take misletoe, stale pish,  honey,  and
black soap ; infuse them together a day or
two, and then  warm them, and wash your
horse all over for six days together ;  and if
the distemper is not got to too great a head,
it will cure it.
                 Another.
   Let him blood  on both sides the neck, and
give him this drink :
   Take a gallon  of fair water, and put in it
a good handful of rue, and a spoonful of
hempseed, being  first bruised together in a
mortar, then boil  them till half is consumed;
when it is cold give it him to drink,  which,
being repeated, will cure him.
                 Another.
   Steep the regulus of antimony in ale, with
a little of the spice called  Grains of Para-
dise, and a  little  sugar ;  of  which  give a
horse  about half a pint at a time, two or
three times, with  about a day or two's inter- 
             CURE OF HORSES.         81
mission between each, and it will cure him.
  To can the Pok-Evit, and Swelled Neck
              from Bkt-diitg.
  Take  ointment of marshmallows, four
ounces ; mercury sublimate corrosive, in fine
powder, half an ounce ; mix and apply it
to the part.
        Cordial Balls for a Horse.
  Take  anniseeds,  cummin seeds,  fenu-
greek seeds, carthamus seeds, grains of par-
adise, coltsfoot, turmerick, juniper  berries,
in fine powder, of each two ounces ; flower
of sulphur, elecampane powder, of each four
ounces ; juice of liquorice dissolved on the
fire in half a pint of white whine, six ounces;
chemical oil of anniseeds,  one ounce ;!^n-
ey,  half a pound ; molasses, as much as suf-
ficient  to make it into a paste.
  To cure a Gangreenc and Mortification.
  Take of St. John's wort, common worm-
wood, of each two handfuls ; centaury, cam-
omile  flowers  of each one handful ; bay
berries, six ounces ; wood ashes,,one  pound ;
boil these in six quarts of water to a gallon; 
 82            RECEIPTS  FOR THE
 add to the strained decoction, spirit of wine,
 one quart ; camphire, one ounce, dissolved
 in spirit of turpentine, four ounces ; bathe
 the part with woolen cloths dipt in this fo-
 mentation, and apply the cloths hot to the
 part.
           To cure the Strangles.
   Take sack, one pint ; venice treacle, di-
 apente,  of each  one  ounce ; saffron,  two
 drams ;  mix,and give it to the horse.  This
 is a very good cordial for any other disor-
 der where a cordial is proper.
  Apply outwardly the following  poultice
 to the part:
  Take milk, one quart;  rye-flour, oatmeal,
of each two handfuls ; boil them over a gen-
 tle fire till they be thick ; then add turpen-
tine, four ounces,  dissolved in the yolks of
two or three  eggs.
         To cure a Blood Spavin.
  Take up the vein above and below the
swelling, then open the tumour in  the mid-
middle. 
CURE OF HORSES.          83
           To cure a Quitter.
  Dress the sore with powder of mercury
sublimate.
For a Rheum, or Defluction of Humours on
                the Eyes.
  Rowel the hore on both sides of his neck,
and give him liver of antimony.
Mr.  Thornton, of Bloxam in  Lincolnshire,
  his receipt to cure the Heat in the Horse's
                 mouth.
  Bleed him in the roof of his mouth, and
when he has champt five or six minutes up-
on his blood, wash  his  mouth  with white
wine vinegar and salt; and after that rub
it with syrup of blackberries; repeat this
unction of  syrup two or three days, two or
three times a-day.
         Balls to cure the Grease.
  Take liver of antimony,  gum guaiacum-
fenugreek seeds, and parsley-seeds, of each
four ounces powdered  fine ; molasses,  as
much as is  sufficient to make il into a paste;
give the horse the  quantity of a hen's egg
every other mornmg, ana exer/ ise him well 
 84          RECEIPTS FOR TtfE
 after it, and give him warm water the days
 he takes them.
             For the Canker.
   Take red sage one handful; honey, four
 ounces ; boil them in one pint of vinegar ;
 then strain it, and add  alum, white  vitriol
 powdered, of each half an ounce ; bole ar-
 moniac, one ounce, and apply it to the part
 cold.
 Mr. Nicholson's Receipt for Botches or 1m-
         postumalions on a Horse.
   Take barley-meal, and as much southern
 wTood dried and beat to powder ; mix these
 together with yolks of eggs, till it becomes a
 salve; then lay it on the swelling, which it
 will ripen, break, and heal.
 To heal a wound in a Horse, from Portman
             Seymour,  Esq.
   There is nothing better to heal a wound
 in a horse, than tallow and turpentine mixed
together.
 For a Lax or Flux in Horses, communicated
         by  Sir John Paekington.
  Take a quart of sliong beer, and boil in 
            CURE OF HORSES.           85
 it half a dram of the shells or coverings of the
 pomegranate fruit, well dried and beat to
 powder; to this you may add half an ounce
 of dill seed, and as much fenugreek seeds ;
 pass this through a sieve, and give  the dose
 warm to the horse.
 For the Glanders, to cany  them off".  By
             General Seymour.
   Take a quart of old strong beer, cut a
 quarter of a pound of figs into it, with two
 ounces of liquorice, sliced ; boil them to*
 gether, and add a dram of flower of ginger,
 and the same quantity  of  elecampane  and
.pepper, well powdered ; when they are well
 boiled, put in a quarter of a  pound of trea-
 cle, and as  much  fresh butter,  with the
 yolks of two eggs, mixing all well together;
give this to the horse warm, and keep him
 warm.
Lord Orrery's receipt for a Stranguary in (f
                  Horse.
   Take half an ounce of anniseeds, beaten
fine in a marble 'mortar ;  one handful of
parsley-roots,  or in lieu of them, half an
                  H 
68
RECEIPTS FOR THE
 ounce of parsley-seeds powdered; boil these
 in a quart of old strong beer ; and when it
 is strained off, put to it a dram of fine oys-
 ter-shell powder, and give the  mixture to
 your horse warm.
 Sir J. Packington's receipt for  a Dropsy in
                 a Horse.
   Bleed your horse in the neck vein,  and
 anoint his fore legs  with train oil; then turn
 him to grass, having first given  him  the
 following dose :
   A gallon of strong old beer, set over  the
 fire till the scum rises ; take that off,  and
 then add an handful of wormwood with  the
 stalks, and  boil it to a quart; then strain it
 and mix with it three ounces of treacle, and
put to it an  ounce and a half of long pep-
per, or grains ofparadise, finely powdered ;
mix these till the composition is  warm, and
give it him  for a dose.
A Drink  to Dissolve and bring away the
                Glanders.           *
  Take of sack one quart,  or,  for want
 thereof, strong beer; figs, four ounces, well 
            CURE OF  HORSES.          87
sliced ; and two ounces of sliced liquorice;
boil them well together ; then put in ginger
in powder, elecampane and pepper in pow-
der, of each one  dram : when it  is  boiled
enough, put in of treacle five ounces, and of
butter the same quantity, and the yolks of
two new laid eggs beat well together ; give
it the horse lukewarm, and order him as
needful.
A drink to bring away the  Glanders, when
 other drinks have rotted them and brought
           them to Suppuration.
  Take the best white wine-venegar, and
the sharpest, put in it three whole eggs, let
them lie twenty-four hours ; then beat them
well together, shells and all,  and give it (he
horse : You may do so two or three morn-
ings, more or less, as you find occasion; and
this will clear off the glanders.
An ointment for  a strain in the Coffin-Joint.
  Take of hog's lard,  bole armoniac, black
soap, and new oil, of each four ounces, put
them all into a skillet; let  the bole be in
fine  powder; boil  them together a little 
88         RECEIPTS FOR THE
 while, keeping it stirring  all the time ; put
 it in a gallipot for use ; and when you use
 it, rub it in well with your hand, and then
 beat it with a red hot bar of iron ; and thus
 do once a day till you find amendment.
           A charge for the same.
   Take of black pitch, burgundy pitch, and
 common turpentine,  of each  two ounces,
 mix them together ; and when all is melted
 and  incorporated, lay it on with  a  spatula
 round the joint, as hot as the horse can well
 bear it; clap on stocks all over it while it is
 hot; and when this peals offlay on another,
 if there should be occasion.
 A remedy for an Horse that has broke his leg.
  First of all set the bone together right in
 its place ;  then take the best bole armoniac,
 finely powTdered, and the whiles of three
 new-laid eggs, mix them well together ; then
take fine tow, and spread it smooth upon it
a little broader than the wound, lay it round;
and then  fake four  splinters,  and splint it.
indifferent  tight, and so let  it lie  on nine
days (if it  do well) before you remove it. 
            CURE OF H0RSE3.          39
  To cure a Horse that has a Running of
                the Reins.
  Take of common turpentine, one pound;
put to it as much of bole  armoniac and
liquorice, both in fine powder, with as much
wheat flour as will make it up in a stiff paste.
When you have occasion to use  it, roll it
out  between your hands ;  and break off
from it  a piece of the bigness of a small
w^sh-ball, and give the horse three of them
morning and evening upon the end of a stick,
or in a hornful or two of strong beer, till
you find the flux of seed stopped, v, ','ch will
be in a week, or fortnight's iime at farthest:
but it will be very convenient to purge him
very well, and cleanse his body first of all,
before you give him either  of these medi-
cines ; which will not only expedite and has-
ten,  but perfect the cure  so much sooner
and better.
   To cure the Mad Staggers in a Horse*
  The signs of this disease are these: he
will  foam white  foam at the  mouth, and
will  seem  dull-headed ;  and at that  time
                H 2 
 90          RECEIPTS FOR THE
 you will see a blue film over his eyes;  and
 he will wander much up  and down.
   Be sure to bleed him  in both  his neck
 veins, within one or two days after he com-
 plains ; and in the third,  furrow in the pal-
 ate of his mouth with the  point of your cor-
 net horn ; you may likewise run an awl in-
 to the gristles of his nose,  something above
 his nostrils ;  the bleeding of the mouth and
 nose will ease the pain in the head: then
 take  an handful of rue or herb grass ; three
 cloves of garlic ; of salt and vinegar, each
 one  spoonful;  of aqua vitae, two spoonfuls •
 bruise all these well together, and  then put
 the one half into one ear, and the other half
 into  the other,  with a little wool after  it":
 then  tie  or stich  up with a needle  and
 thread the ear  fast  with  two list  garters;
 presently after which, fume him at his nos-
 trils through  a funnel, with garlic beat in  a
 mortar, with mastich and frankincense mix-
ed together ;  of these make pellets  as bio-
 as a bullet; lay them on  a chafing dish of
coals, and the smoke will go up through the
funnel into the head, and much comfort and 
             CURE OF HORSES.         91
i ieanse the brain: fume his head three time*
a-day till you find him mend ; then  give
liim the water of white poppies (which you
may have at an  apothecary's,) at each nos-
tril a spoonful and a half; it will cause him
to  sleep.  Let him stand in a warm  dark
place, where he  may see no light.   Let him
have oats and mashes of ground malt, and
let his drink be cold water.
                                «
         To cure the Quitter Bone.
   The quitter bone grows above the top of
the hoof on the hinder foot, and sometimes
on the instep, just above the hoof on the side
of the foot.
   First, take up the vein in the small of the
leg :  if it be on the inside of the leg above
the hoof, take up the vein on the inside of
the leg : If it be on the outside, then take
up the vein on the outside.  After you have
taken up the vein let him bleed well, and
put into the wound some  butter and  salt;
then with a little tow or hurds, or a linen
cloth wound about the end of your instru-
ment, search the quitter bone to the bottom; 
 92          RECIPTS FOR THE
 and where you perceive the matter to come
 out, there put in your  instrument.  When
 you have searched the  wound, and made it
 clean, put into it some  powder of mercury
 sublimate ; then lav a  little tow upon the
 top, with a linen cloth  next, and a woollen
 cloth over all, tied i'd-t that it may not come
 off*; which repeat once a-day till the  core
 of the qujiter bone is removed ; which when
 you see, make this medicine  to heal it up :
 take of honey one ounce, put it into a pip-
 kin ; and when it begins to he  hot, put in
 of verdigrease in fine  powder two drams,
 and  three or  four spoonfuls of white  wine
 vinegar : boil them  together for  half an
 hour ; then take it off' the fire, and when ft
 is cold, take a little fine  tow and dip it into It,
 and put it into the wound,  and  lay a  little
dry tow, or hurds over that, and a linen cloth
over them ; bind them  on with a siring, and
so dress it once a-da) till you see it 1 ; 'ins
to heal,  then dress it but once  in two days. 
             CURE OF UORSfclS.        < 93       I
                                               i
 To take away  any Rheum from a horse's
           Eye, and to  clear it.
   Take fresh butter and salt, of each a like
 quantity ; mix them well together, and take
 about the bigness of a small walnut, and put
 it into the horse's ear, on that side that the
 rheum is on ; and if the rheum be in both
 eyes, put it  into both ears, and it will dry
 lip the rheum, and clear his  eyes ; but ob-
 serve, you must sew up his  ears close,  or
 else he  will shake it out.
  To cure a bite or Stroke in a Horse's Eye.
   Take of honey,  ginger in a very subtile
 powder, and the juice of celandine, of each
 a  like quantity ; mix  them well together,
 and  put it into his eyes  with a feather twice
 a-day.
 For  the  Eye-lids, of a Horse thai are Swelled,
      and the inside turned outwards.             [
   If you should meet with a horse  whose
eye-lids are so  swelled  that  the insides  of
them are turned outwTards very red, and as
it wTere, full of blisters,  and yet  the ball  of
 me eye sound and good ; keep him very 
94          RECEIPTS FOR  THE
warm with a hood of linen  cloth upon  his
head ; and then anoint his eyes twice a-day
with white  sugar candy, honey, and white
rose water; and in two or  three days time
they will turn into their places again: then
bleed him well in the neck ;  for it is  bad
blood and cold  rheum, which is the chief
occasion of this distemper being settled in
the head.  Do not clip  or meddle with the
blistered bladders, or any part of the eye,
lest you should put out his eyes, or endan-
ger his life, or at least  cause your horse to
be blear eyed.
To cure the Splint,  Spavin, Curb, or  any
             Hard Swelling.
  Take nerve ointment, four ounces ; mer-
cury sublimate  corrosive, in fine  powrder,
half an ounce; camphire, two drams dissolv-
ed in oil; of origanum, half an ounce ;  mix
and apply it to the part every other day.
   For  the  curb, you must leave  out the
mercury sublimate, and apply it every day. 
CURE OF  HORSES.
95
 To cure a dry husky Cough, which causes the
   Horse to cast the filth and corruption at
                his Nostrils.
   Take  a head of garlic,  and peal every
 clove very clean ; then put them into a lin-
 en cloth, and boil them in a quart of milk
 till the garlic becomes tender ; take it off,
 and strain it till you have squeezed the gar-
 lic hard, and the juice out; set it a cooling,
 then put to it honey, molasses, of each half
 a pound, and give it him blood warm.
   Balls for the worst of Colds in Horses.
   Take a quarter of an ounce of cloves, one
 ounce of the flowers of rosemary powdered,
 white tartar, seeds of fenugreek,  diapente,
 syrup of coltsfoot, honey, of each two oun-
 ces ; wheat flour as much as is sufficient to
make them into a paste ; give one of them
 in a  morning  fasting, and ride  him  af-
ter it.
   To cure the Bloody Flux, or Pissing of
                  Blood.
  Take three pints of new n ilk, and boil in
it, over a gentle fire, five ounces of ising- 
 96          RECEIPTS FOR THE
 lass, which, when it is  dissolved, will so
 thicken the milk that it will look like cream;
 then strain  it through a sieve, to take out
 the dross of the isinglass that will remain un-
 dissolved,  and give  it to your horse luke-
 warm in the morning fasting : and at  twice
 or thrice giving it will cure him.
   To cause a Horse to Stale or Piss Freely.
   Take the bigness of a large walnut of cas-
 tile soap, dissolve it in a quart of warm beer,
 with two ounces of bruised  parsley-seed ;
 give it him, and ride him moderately  after
 it, then set bin up warm.
       To cure the Vives in a Horce.
   Take black pepper  in fine powder, one
 ounce ; hog's lard, a spoonful : the juice or*
 an handful of rue, and two spoonfuls of vin^
 egar ; mix  them  well  together*  and  put
 some into each of the horse's ears, and  so
tie or stich them Close ;  then  let him blood
in the neck and temple veins.
A Drench for a Horse that has the Megrim t
   Take of the tops of rosemary, abouf 
             M?RE OF HORSES.          9?
 three ounces, and chop them small; then
 take a quarter of a pound of sweet butter,
 and work them with it; then break it in pie-
 ces, and roll it into several balls  as big as
 walnuts.
   Then holding up  the horse's head,  put
 them gently down his throat, and ride the
 horse easily about half an hour to make the
 medicine work.   This is good for a horse
 in flesh.
   After you have given him a gentle sweat,
 the balls will clear his stomach and bowels,
 and at the same time help the head.
   This must be given to the horse early in
 the morning fasting.
 Of the Colt's Evil, or Shedding of the Seed*
    For the colt-evil, take the powder of an-
niseeds, and  the leaves of betony, equally
proportioned ; stamp them with white wine
till they  come to a thin paste ; with which
mixture  anoint the sore, and it  wity cure
that  imperfection in the yard.
  But if the hor*e shed his seed, then take
venice turpentine and sugar mixed together,
                   I 
98          RECEIPTS  FOR THE
and give him every morning a ball until the
flux is stopped :  if you add a  little of the
inner bark of oak, it is very good ;  or  the
powder of an acorn is still better.  This
distemper commonly happens in August,
and when it is very hot weather, in May.
    For the bladder in a Horse's Mouth.
  The cure is to open them with  a lancet;
and then pressing out the corruption, wash
the sore place three or four times a-day with
warm allum water, in which some red sage
and a little honey has been boiled.
  Of the Bloody Rifts in the Palate of the
                 Moutlu
  First wash the sore place with vinegar and
salt till it be raw ; then  take  honey, well
mixed with the  powder of jett, and rub it
upon the sore, and it will  soon heal it; or
else boil an handful of the inner bark of elm
in a pint and a  half of spring-water, till it
comejl to half the quantity, adding then a
little honey to the  decoction ;  and use it
warm twice or thrice^a day. 
             CURE OF HORSES.         99
       To cure the Chords in a Horse.
  Take of diapente, half an ounce ; powder
of anniseeds, one ounce ; saffron powdered,
half a  dram; honey,  an ounce  and  half;
fresh butter, two ounces; strong  beer, one
pint and half; the sharpest vinegar,  half a*
pint;  heat these and mix them over the fire
till  the butter and honey are melted ; then
take the mixture and give  it the horse milk
warm fasting.
  After which walk him till he is warm, then
set  him up, and tie him upon the  bit five or
six  hours; clothe and litter him up warm,
and after that give him a little hay, and then
a mash;  but no water of any sort that
night.
  The next day, in the morning, give him
another mash ; and about nine  or ten o'-
clock w arm water and bran; and  continue
this practice for four or five  days.   Then
cut him, & in that operation, observ^that he
must be cut at the very bottom of th^breast,
where you see the vein ; under which vein
lies the great sinew.  When you see where 
 100         RECEIPTS FOR THE
 the vein lies, draw the skin  aside which lies
 over the vein, and cut that part of the skin
 an inch or more just upon  the  vein :  then
 with your cornet-horn's point make a little
 way, and you will see a blue film lie over
 the vein; chafe that  with  your  cornet to
 pieces, till you come to see the clear vein,
 and then with your cornet-horn draw the
 vein aside with one hand, and put the point
 of your cornet under the sinew7, and with it
 raise  the  sinew above the  skin, cutting it
 immediately quite asunder and  then let it
 go-
   Then put a little butter and salt into the
 wound, and heal it up with common turpen-
 tine and tallow mixed together.
   Walk then the horse an hour at a time,
 twice a-day, for five or six days ; and if you
 find, that with the first drink the cold breaks
 at his nostrils, then give him the  same drink
 again, at three or four days distance be-
betweefkeach drink, and order him as direct-
 ed at fifst.
            To make Diapente,
   Take the roots of both aristolochias, fine 
CURE OF  HORSES.
101
 myrrh,  bay berries, shavings of ivory, or
 hart's-horn, and the roots of gentian, of each
 four ounces ; when they have been gently
 dried, make them into a fine powder, which
 must be kept in a glass bottle, and a dry
 place.
               For a Strain.
  Take of hog's lard, nerve oil, bole armoni-
 ac k, castile soap, of each one pound ; boil
 them well together, keeping them stiring till
 the composition is cold ; keep it in a pipkin
 for your use ;  and when you have occasion*
 anoint the place affected with this  unguent
 warm, rubbing it well in.
        Of Pissing Blood, and the Remedy.
   This distemper comes from some strain .
 whenever you find it, bleed the horse,  and
 give him some styptic liquor (which may be
 had  at  any apothecary's)   about a large
 spoonful in  a pint  of  warm strong beer,
 which will bring him to order.
      For a Pain in the Kidnies, or the Stone.
   Take  a handful of maidenhair and steep
ft for twrelve hours in a quart of strong beer, 
•
  102         RECEIPTS FOR THt
 and give it the horse to drink every morn-
 ing till he is well, adding to  every draught
 about ten drops of spirit of turpentine.
          To cure the Splee?i in Horses.
   Take agrimony, and boil  one handful of
 it in the water which the  horse  is to drink
 mornings and evenings, chopping the leaves
 small when  they are boiled ;  then mix them
 well with fresh butter, to be made into balls;
 of which give to the horse twTo or three at a
 time, in the manner of pills,  with a horn  of
 old strong beer after each ball.
         Ordering of Mares after Foaling.
   As soon as  your mare  hath foaled,  you
 should  remove her into the best  grass  you
have, which is fresh and unsoiled, to make
her milk spring ; and if it be  early  in the
year, take care.that there be good shelter
for her, and let her colt run with  her most
part of the summer following.
For a Mare after Foaling, when She has  a difficulty of
                 Cleaning.
   If your mare has been difficult in foaling,
or cannot cleanse after she has foaled, take 
CURE OF  HORSES.
103
 a quart of old strong beer, and boil it in an
 handful of fennel, with  a fourth  part of the
 best oil of olive,  k. mix them well together.
 Give this to the mare milk warm, by pouring
 it into her nostrils, & holding  them up and
 stoppipg them close till she strain her whole
 body, and it will presently give her ease.
      Ordering a Colt after weaning.
   When you intend to wean your foals, you
 must take from them their dams over night,
 and drive them into some empty house
 where they may rest, and the marcs be free
 from their noise.
  On the morning following, give to every
 foal fasting a sprig  or two of spavin, rolled
 up  in butter, and let him fast for two hours:
 then give him a little meat, as  grass, hay or
chaff, with some  clear  water; and repeat
this management three days  successively ;
when they  will  have forgot their dams;
then geld such colt foals  as you intend to
make geldings of; and after their swellings
are past, put them with  your other  colt-
foals into a pasture by themselves, and your
fillies into another, by  themselves.  These 
104
RECEIPTS FOR THE
 pastures should be large spacious pieces oi
 ground, where they may run till they are
 ready for the saddle.
        To provoke Lust in Mares.
   If you have any  particular opportunity
 of a fine stallion, when your mare is not na-
 turally disposed to receive him, or will not
 stand  to be covered : in this case, to  pro-
 voke lust in her, give her drink  of clarified
 honey and new milk mixed together : and
 then with a bush of nettles pat  her  hinder
 parts, and  immediately after  offer her the
 horse,  which she will receive.
         For the Cholic or Belly bound.
   Take of dill or  fennel, a handful, or, in
 the room oftheberbs, take an ounce of the
 seeeds of either of them, with  a quart  of
malt fresh ground, and boil them in the wa-
ter you give your horse to drink; but if he
cannot dung, then you may boil in his wa-
ter one handful of fenugreek, and  it will
loosen his  body, and bring him to order. 
CURE OF  HORSES.
105
   ®f diwa-ncs in Horse's Ears ; and first of the Lave
             Ears, or hanging Ears.
    The hanging of his ears is called by some
 the lave ears; and although it is not  any
 pain to the horse, yet it is a disgrace to see
 him in this appearance, and so disagreeable
 to every  beholder, that it even hides and
 obscures all other virtues,  It is an  infirmi-
 ty proceeding from nature ;  and although
 few of our farriers either have endeavoured
 or known  how to help it, yet such has been
 the care of others to know the true cause of
 it, that, by trying many conclusions, in the
 end they have hit upon a certain cure,  and
 have ]<ite\y helped  many horses in that con-
 dition.   The cure is this : take your horse's
 ears, and place them in such  a manner as
 you would desire they should  stand,  and
 then, with two little boards,  three  fingers
 broad, and having long strings fixed to them,
 bind the  ears so fast in the places  wherein
they stand, that by no means or motion they
may stir.
  Betwixt the head and the root of the ear,
you will discover a  great deal  of wrinkled 
 10Q        RECEIPTS FOR  THE
• empty skin, which with your  finger and
 thumb you must lift up, and then with a
 sharp pair of scissars clip away all  the thin
 skin close to the head ; after which with a
 needle and silk you must stitch the two ed-
 ges of the skin close together; and then
 with a salve made of turpentine, bees wax,
 deer's suet, and honey, of each a like quanti-
 ty, melted together,  heal up the sore.----
 Which done,  take away the splints which
 supported the ears,  and the ears will keep
 upright and in the same  place as you  set
 them.
   Of  Cramps, or Convulsions of the  Sinews or
                 Muscles.
   Cramps, or convulsions of the sinews, are
violent contractions or drawings together of
members, either throughout the whole  bo-
dy, or particularly in one  member : they
proceed either from causes natural, or cau-
ses accidental : if from natural causes, they
c/thekr come from too great fullness or emp-
tiness.
  When from fullness, they proceed from a
surfeit of meat or drink, or the want of prop- 
            SURE OF  HORSES.          107
er evacuation : when  from emptiness they
come from too much  blood-letting, or too
much purging, or too  much labouring; all
which fill the hollowness of the sinews with
cold windy vapours,  which are the only
great causes of convulsions.  If they come
from causes accidental, then it is from some
received wound, where a sinew is  but  half
cut asunder, or only pricked, which present-
ly causeth a convulsion over the whole  bo-
dy.  The signs of the disease are : The horse
will carry his neck stiff, and not be able to
stir it;  his back will rise up like the back
of the camel, or like a bent bow ; his crup-
per will shrink  inward, his fore  legs  will
stand close together, and his belly  will be
clung up  to his back bone; when he lies
down he it> not able to rise, especially from
the weakness in his hinder limbs.
   This disease is  frequent among  horses,
and the cure is this:
   First sweat him, either by burying him all,
save the head, in a  dunghill, or else by ap-
plying hot blankets doubled about each side
of his heart and body ; then, after his sweat 
 108         RECEIPTS FOR THE
 anoint all his body Over with oil of petroli-
 um, for it is much better than oil of bav, or
 oil of cypress.    N
   Then give him to drink the  following li-
 quor, viz.  Take one dram of asafcetida,
 with aniseeds, seeds of fenugreek, and cum-
 min-seeds, of each half an ounce ; put these
 into a quart of strong white  wine, and add
 to the composition three or four large spoon-
 fuls of oil of olive ; keeping him  warm af
 ter the drink, and feeding him with good
 bean bread,  and warm  maslies,  made of
 ground malt and warm water, and  his  sin-
 ews will soon come to their former ability.
  But if the convulsion comes accidentally,
 as by the prick, or half cut of a sinew, then
 search for the wounded sinew, and  with a
pair of scissars clip it asunder,  and the con-
vulsion will cease : but if it be a cramp only
 and so but in one member, then if you  do
but chafe or rub the grieved part with a hard
 wisp or hay rope, the pain will cease.
         Of the Itnposthutne in the Ear.
  Take one  handful of sorrel, and wrap it
 in a burdock leaf; let this roast in hot em- 
GURE OF HORSES.
109
 bers till the sorrel is softened ; apply this as
 hot as  possible to the  imposthumated part
 within  the ear, shifting it every day till it
 hath ripened and broke it.
 A Drench for a Horse that is feeble and faint,
   and frequently attended with a Coldness
               or Shivering.
   Take the leaves of cowslips, hyssop, harts-
 tongue, and liverwort, of each a handful
 chopt small; add to these the roots of birth-
 wort, gentian,  elecampane dried, to which
 put  some long  pepper ; so that when they
 are beaten and powdered, there  may be an
 equal quantity of each, i. e. as much of each
 sort as may fill a common spoon ; mix these
 well together, and put to them an ounce or
 two  of common treacle, or else  a spoonful
 of honey.
  Boil all these together in# quart of strong
beer till the liquor is reduced ta&pint, then
strain it, and give it the  horse milk-warm.
  This drink, as it will make the horse dry,
will perhaps make him lose his appetite to"
K 
 110         RECEIPTS FOR THE
 eat; but if you  perceive this, give him a
 warm mash.
   You may repeat the drench two  or three
 times, resting three days between each tune,
 and must keep the horse in  a warm  stable
 on the days he has taken the drench.
             For the Yellows.
   Take of diapente an ounce, put it  into a
skillet with a pint and a half of mild beef;
then set it on the  fire, and let it just boil:
then take it off the fire, and  put to it four
ounces of common treacle, and two ounces
of butter ; stir them well together, and give
it your horse blood-warm in a horn, walking
him  a while after  it ; and set him in a
warm stable.
  Another for the same, more comfortable.
  Take of diapente an  ounce and a half,
put it into a skillet, with a pint and a half of
white wine:; set it on the fire, and let it just'
boil ; then take it off the fire, and dissolve
it in one ounce of London treacle, and two
ounces of butter ; stir them  well together^
and give it the horse as before, keeping him
warm as in taking physic. 
      Additional  Information.


  Since the prospectus was issued for pub-
lishing this edition, the publisher  has  re-
ceived several articles of information rela-
tive  to the cure of horses, which, from the
assurances of those friends who furnished
them,  he is  induced to  believe  will be
found useful.  These being original discov-
eries adapted to our own country,are present-
ed here,  by themselves, or by way of an ap-
pendix, to the receipts for the cure of hor-
ses.
      The Heaves, and Yellow  Water.
                SIMPTOMS.
  If the hair of a horse's mane and tail sheds,
or draws out with ease, it is a sure  indica-
tion  that the animal is  afflicted with  one
or both of those diseases, whicnhave hith-
erto  been  considered as incurable, and for
which the English books do not even attemptr-
to prescribe a  remedy.  The ease with
which the hair draws  out or falls,  denotes 
112
RECEIPTS  FOR THE
  the stage of the disease  and if it has pro-
  gressed to  an  alarming degree,  the follow-
  ing remedy must be immediately adminis-
  tered, which has never yet failed to effect a
  cure:—
   Take, of the barks of white ash,  wild
 cherry tree, swamp apple, Basswood,  and
 blade-birch, red raspberry bushes (the kind
 Without briars) and mullen leaves, an equal
 quantity of each, boil them (in as much wa-
 ter as will cover them) until the strength is
 all extracted, so as to make a strong liquor,
 and give the horse a quart a day  for two or
 tferee weeks, taking care  to keep him warm
 clothed and that he does not take cold; nurse
 him carefully,  and let the water he drinks
 be blood warm, and the cure is certain.

        Cure for the Yellow-Water.
   Take a tab|le spoonful of pulverized sul-
phur, a table spoonful of Gum Aloes,  a ta-
ble spoonful of Antimony (pulverized) and
a table spoonful of Jesuit's  bark; mix  the
whole up with as much molasses as will make
a paste stiff enough to make a ball about 
           CURE OF HORSES.           113
the size of a  hen's egg, which give to the
horse and it will cure him, if you take good
care that he does not take cold, nor drinks
water very cold.
             Cure for the Bots.
   Take a quarter of an ounce of red preci-
pitate, mix it up in two or three ounces of
hog's lard, or fresh butter that has not been
•alted at all, and give the whole at one dose.
                 Another.
r  If the bots have not eaten quite  through
the maw—take  one gill of soft soap, two
gills of vinegar, two table spoonfuls of blue
dye (out of a common dye-tub, such as ev-
ery farmer keeps in his house) which put
into a phial, and keep it perfectly still until
you are ready to give it to the  horse, then
pour it down at once.   If the bots have not%
eaten through the maw, tins iff proved by
experience to be an effectua^cuyf If they
have, there is, of course, no cure,  as every
body*knows.  This is also a cure for the bel-
ly ache, as it expels the wind,  by whidyAfc
occasioned,
                   K2 
114        RECEIPTS  FOR THE
          A Cure for the Glanders.
   Being anxious to render this small vol-
 ume as useful as possible, and having heard
 that a genleman in Canaan, county of Co-
 lumbia, in this State, had either discovered
 or possessed a cure for the glanders, (which
 almost uniformly proves fatal, and by which
 many a valuable horse has been lost,) the pub-
 lisher prevailed upon Daniel Whiting, Esq.
 to procure the  receipt from the possessor ;
 and  the following is a copy of the gentle-
 man's reply.     " Canaan, June 6,1815.
   Dear Sir—To effect the cure of the glan-
 ders,  the  receipt is as follows :—Take of*
 pulverized allum, and ginger, each a spoon-
 ful, together with as much honey as the horse
 will eat with his feed, and continue  the use
of the same twice a day until the cure is ef-
fected, which will  commonly  be in about
twTo wee*s^|The above, I believe, may be
relied ojvas slveral cases have occurred in
this neighbourhood,  in which  a complete
cure has been effected.
 ^fc^Yours respectfully,
 ^Jr              Aaron Kellogg, Jr.
   D. Whiting, Esq.?' 
             CURE OF HORSES.         115
        To keep Flies from Horses.
   Take two or  three handfuls of walaut
leaves—let them soak in two or three quarts
of water a couple of hours, and then boil them
in the same water, till the strength is com-
pletely extracted from them, and when the
liquor is cold, strain it off, bottle it, cork it
tight and lay it by for use.  When the sea-
son comes for using it, rub the horse all over
with it early in the morning, and it will ef-
fectually prevent the flies from troubling or
biting him.   Repeat this as often as requir-
ed.  This liquid emits*no bad smell, and will
not soil your clothes, if you should have oc-
casion to ride the horse.
             Cure for a Strain.
  Take of elder bark, sumac bark, and mul-
len, each an equal quantity, (as much as the
vessel you intend to boil it in will hold) then
fill the pot or vessel with springer rain wa-
ter, and boil it till all the strength is extract-
ed, from the ingredients,  which will make a
strong liquor : strain it  off, and bat^g^Jhe
part affected with the liquor  as hot as the 
H6
RECEIPTS FOR  THE
horse can bear it, twice a day, for three or
four days, and the cure will be perfect.
   The above receipt was politely handed to
the publisher by  a gentleman residing in
Greenbush, who has tested its efficacy, with
success, in  every instance where he used the
the remedy, one of which was a strain which
had rendered the  horse useless for  a year
previous to its cure.
                    ♦
   Being so far republican in principle  as to
prefer the ease and comfort, not only of our-
selves, but of all around us, (even the brute
creation) to the vain pageantry of fashions,
(sometimes absurd and ridiculous) or  false
notions of beauty and  elegance, to produce
which, nature is often  thwarted in her best
organization and purposes, and thus health,
(and frequently life) destroyed, the publish-
er respectfully invites the attention of those
into Whose hands this volume may fall, to a
perusal of the  following  article  extracted
from the " Boston  Yankee." So dangerous
is the shameful practice of fitting the foot of
a horse to the shoe, instead of fitting the shoe 
RECIPTS FOR THE
11?
 to the foot, (either from ignorance of its e-
 vil consequences or from * laziness) by the
 application of a red hot shoe to the hoof, that
 we think  it ought not only to be discounte-
 nanced, but those gentlemen, who  duly ap-
 preciate the value of that noble and useful
 animal, the horse, ought to use every exer-
 tion to  procure the enactment of some law
 for punishing severely (by fine) every black-
 smith who is guilty of that cruel and abomi-
 inable practice.
   "The barbarous custom of docking and
 nicking the tail, and cutting the ears of hors-
 es, is too prevalent.   We thus deprive them
 of two parts principally instrumental,not on-
 ly to their ease and comfort, but to their u-
 tility to us.  By taking away their ears, the
 funnels are destroyed which they always  di-
 rect to the place from whence any sound i*
 heard, and they are thus  rendered nearly  *$
 deaf—and in the loss of their tail, they find
even  a still greater inconvenience.   Dur-
ing summer they are perpetually teazed with
swarms of insects that either attempt to suck
their blood or deposit their eggs in the rec- 
 118         CURE OF  HORSES
 turn, which they have no means of lashing off;
 and in winter they are deprived of a neces-
 sary defence against the cold.
  " But of all others, the custom of nicking
 them, is the most useless and absurd.  It is
 an affecting sight to  go into the stable of
 some eminent horse dealer, and there be-
 hold a range of fine and beautiful  steeds
 with their tails cut and slashed—and tied up
 by pullies, suffering such torture that they
 sometimes never recover from the severe
 gashes they have received ; and for what  is
 all this done ?  That they may hold  their
tails somewhat higher than they otherwise
 would, and be forever after deprived cf the
 power of moving the joints of them as a de-
 fence against the flies !
 " There is another abuse to notice, in those
who shoe horses.  The blacksmith, in order
to save  himself a little trouble, will fre-
quently  apply the shoe  almost  red hot to
the horse's foot that it may burn for it> re-
ception.—Some punishment should  be in-
flicted on those who clap shoes on hot.--—-
 This unpardonable  laziness of farriers in 
CURE OF HORSES.         119
making feet thus to fit shoes, instead  of
shoes to fit the feet, dries up the hoofs, and
utterly destroys them.  It is of the most ru-
inous consequence, hardening and cracking
the hoofs, and bringing on  the most fatal
disorders.  The joints, the wind, and  the
eys, are injured by it and the gross humors
wrhich naturally  descend to the feet, and
ought to be carried off by insensible perspi-
ration, are detained by the  hardness of  the
surface they have to penetrate.   Yankee.
       ON SHOEING HORSES.
  Having, in the foregoing pages, given all
the information which our limits will admit,
relative to the defects and diseases, most
common amongst horses,  and the  cures for
them, it may not be improper to close with
a few brief remarks, on the very important
subject of Shoeing, which we extract from
a valuable  treatise on the Veterinary art,
lately  published,  in England, by  Jame* 
 120       Otf SHOEING HORSES.
 White, veterinary surgeon to the first corps
 of Boyal Dragoons.
   " If we examine the Feet of a hundred,
 Colts, it will be found that more than ninety
 of them are of the same form.  It is true that
 some may have grown more luxuriantly than
 others, whereby the  Crust will be deeper,
 and the bottom part may have been partial-
 ly broken, so as to give the Foot  a ragged
 and uneven  appearance, still the essential
 shape is the same, and when this  superflu-
 ous horn has been removed, it will be found
 that the bottom of the  Foot will be nearly
circular, the Sole concave, the Bars distinct,
the Frog and Heels open and expanded.
   In preparing a Horse's Foot for the Shoe,
the lower part is to be reduced, when lux-
uriant, which  is generally the case, more
particularly at the Toe, and this  is to  be
done by  means of a buttress or rasp: the
loose scaly parts of the Sole are likewise to
be removed, so as to preserve its concavity,
and a small cavity is to be made with a
drawing knife, between the Bar and Crust,
to prevent the shoe from pressing on that 
            ON SHOEING HORSES.       121
 part, and occasioning corns ; it is however
 necessary in doing this to  take particular
 care that the connection between the  Bar
 and Crust is not destroyed or weakened,
 wiiich wTould of course render  the Bar use-
 less.
   The junction of the Bar and  Crust affords
 a firm bearing for the Heel of the Shoe, and
 is to be rapped perfectly flat, and so low as
 to be exactly on a level with the Frog, that
 they may bear equally on  a plane surface,
 before  the  Shoe  is applied ; indeed, the
 whole of  the bottom  of the Crust is to be
 made perfectly flat and even  at the  same
 time with the rasp, that the Shoe may bear
 equally on every part of it.  Farriers should
 never be allowed to do this  by means of a
 hot Shoe, which is too frequently the case.
 If any ragged parts are observed in the Frog,
they are to  be carefully removed with  a
knife, for, if suffered to remain, they  might
afford a lodgement for dirt and gravel.----
Tims do we prepare a Foot for the  Shoe,
and to a Foot of  this description, I  mean
one that is sound and perfect, or that has not
                   L 
222        ON SHOEING HORSES.
 suffered any material alteration in its forfn
 from improper shoeing.
   The Toe of the Shoe, for a middle sized
 Horse, is about an inch in width, and  half
 an inch  in depth or thickness ;  the Heels
 about half an inch in width, k three eighths
 in depth.  The wearing part of the Toe is
 to be made of steel, and it. may be observed
 that the nails are brought very  near to the
 Toe, but not quite round it; for  when that
 is done, there must also be a  groove made,
 which considerably weakens  that part, and
 almost all Horses wear principally at the
 Toe.  Both surfaces of the  Shoe are  per-
 fectly flat, and the Heel of the Shoe rests
 upon the junction of the Bar and  Crust, be-
 yond which it should never extend.
   It will  be supposed, perhaps, that a Shoe
 which is flat on that surface next  the Foot,
 will be apt to produce lameness by pressing
 on the Sole ; but let it  be recollected, that
dhis Shoe is recommended only for a sound
 Foot, in which the Sole  is  always  a  little
 concave,  so that it cannot possibly  receive
 any pressure from a flat Shoe : it may be 
           ON SHOEING HORSES;        123
said also, that when the nails are  rjlaced so
far from the Heels the Shoe will  not be suf-
ficiently secure, and will be frequently loos*
ened ; but as the Shoe bears equally on ev-
ery part of the Crust, this objection cannot
have any  weight.  It must be granted, how-
ever, that when a Foot is pared in the  com-
mon way, that is when the Heels have been
opened, and the Shoe so applied, that near-
ly an inch of the Heel has no bearing  upon
the Crust; that if the nails wrere  placed so
far from the Heels, as I have recommended,
the Shoe  would  be  very insecure ; for as
much of it as had no bearing upon the Crust
would operate occasionally as  a lever in
raising the nails, and consequently the  Shoe
would frequently be  loosened.  Farriers
therefore  find it necessary, when the  Foot
has been thus pared,  and the Shoe applied
in this way, to place the nails in the quar-
ters, by which the Shoe is certainly render-
ed  more secure than  it would be had they
been placed nearer the Toe.
  Many disadvantages, however, attend this
method.   In the first place, by placing the 
 124       ON SHOEING  HORSES.
 nails in the Quarters, they prove a consider-
 able obstacle to the expansion of the Heels,
 and as the Crust is generally much thinner
 at the Quarters  than at the  Toe, the sensi-
 ble parts are  more  liable to be wounded ;
 but this does not apply to the hind Feet, in
which the Crust  of the Quarters  is general-
ly thicker than that of  the Toe.   When a
Horse  over-reaches, if any part of the Shoe
has no bearing upon the Crust, it is very li-
able to be struck by the Toe of the  hind
Foot, and Shoes are often forced off in  this
way ; to this may be added, the  insecurity
of such a Shoe when a Horse is rode  on a
deep or heavy ground.
  It will probably be observed of the Shoe
which I have recommended, that it is incon-
sistent with the  principle which  has been
laid down respecting  the necessity of the
Frog's receiving pressure.   I believe it  is
an incontrovertible fact,  that unless the Frog
receives a certain degree of pressure, it will
become soft and incapable of affording suf-
ficient protection to the sensible Frog which
it covers; that  the Heels will  gradually 
ON SHOEING HORSES.
J 25
contract, and the natural  form of the Foot
will be destroyed, for I have proved by ex-
periment, that the Bars alone, are not suffi-
cient to prevent contraction, though they cer-
tainly  oppose it with considerable force;
but it does not follow from this, that it is ne-
cessary for the pressure to be  constant, nor
do I believe that a Shoe which  allows the
Frog to  bear upon the  ground, when  he
stands  upon a plane hard  surface, can be al-
ways applied, even to  sound Feet, without
inconvenience.    There  can be no doubt,
that a  Horse in a  state of Nature has  his
Frog almost always  in  contact with the
ground, and then of^course  he feels no in-
convenience from it; but when burthens are
placed upon his back, and he is driven about
upon hard  roads, he is certainly  in very dif-
ferent  circumstances,  and if  the  Frog in
such cases  were  constantly exposed to this
severe pressure, it wou'd sometimes,  I be-
lieve, occasion lameness.
  To a lloise that tiavelsor works regular-
ly,  and  is occasionally   taken  upon  soft
ground, I believe the pressure the Frog re-
                   L 2 
 126         ON SHOEING HORSES
 ceives in this way, is quite sufficient to pre-
 serve the  Foot in a state  of health ; but
 when a Horse is kept almost constantly in
 the stable, standing upon hot litter, particu-
 larly in hot and dry weather, his  feet will
 certainly be  undergoing an  alteration  in
 their form, and will be in a progressive state
 towards disease.
   In those cases, however, contraction of the
 Hoof may be  effectually  prevented  by
 means of the Patent Artificial Frog, invent-
 ed by Mr.  Coleman.*   By this ingenious
 contrivance a Horse's Frog may receive
 sufficient pressure, in whatever circumstan-
 ces he niay be placed to prevent0contraction,
 and keep the Foot sound and healthy, with-
 out the inconvenience of wearing thin heel-
 ed shoes  ; but it must be  remembered  that
 whenever the Frog is much exposed to pres-
 sure, whether it be by  applying the Patent
 Frog, or by the thin heeled Shoe, and reduc-
 ing the Crust at the Heels,  it is necessary
the Quarters  and  Heels should possess a
proper degree of pliancy; if they are rigid
      * Professor of the Veterinary College. 
          ON SHOEING HORSES.        127
and inflexible, it is evident that the sensible
Frog and Cartilages would  lie placed  be-
tween two fixed points, and they would con-
sequently be bruised and inflamed.  I have
indeed seen several cases of lameness pro-
duced  in  this way ; whenever the  Hoof,
therefore, appears to be too dry and strong,
or to have lost its natural elasticity, it is ne-
cessary to rasp the Quarters  and keep the
whole Hoof moist, either by  applying sev-
eral folds of flannel round the Coronet, con-
stantly  wetted, or by making  the Horse
stand in soft clay four or five  hours during
the day ; by these means the natural flexi-
bility of the horn would be  restored,  and
the Heels and Quarters yield in a small de*
giee, whenever the  Horse's weight  was
thrown upon the  Frog.
  It will be proper to observe that when a
Horse, even with a sound Foot,  has worn
Shoes that are very thick, or turned up at
the Heels, particularly if at the same time
the Crust at the Heels has been  suffered to
grow so high that the Frog is kept at a con-
siderable distance from the ground, it would 
 128.        ON .SHOEING HORSES.
 bi£ 'cry improper to reduce the Heels sud-
 ^enly'so as to allow the Frog so receive
 pressure; the back  Sinews would in that
 ca*£e be injured, and lameness  might ensue.
 In Feet of this description it is necessary to
 remove from the Toe all that can be done
** without exposing the part too much, and to
 lower the Heels gradually ; the Toe of the
 SJige should be made rather thin, and of the
 best steel.                     *>*    .*:!-
    The Shoes for Draught Horses should be
 made flat Ion both  surfaces, provided the
 Sole is of a proper form  and thickness, but
 if flat or convex, and consequently too thin,
 which is often the case in Horses of this des-
 cription, the  internal surface of the Shoe
 must be concave ; still the  external surface
 should be flat, for the convex Shoe,  which
 is commonly used for Draught horses, pre-
 vents them from treading secure!},and ren-
 ders them incapable of exerting tfce  whole
 of their strength. 
K
a Sallcmhrs.
h Malhndcrs.
c Splents.
(\ Simple  Osselets.
f Osselets.
f Corns in the Heel.
g The way the Strangets issue
h Excrcsscence on the Eye.
j Sole abovi the hoof.
I Rupture.
k Scion for the round bene. 
a Fluxion? in the Eye,
I) Slrainsin Vcllock.
c Rowels GaVd.
(\ Striking in thcjcint.
e In the back Sinew.
f Sprain in the joint between  the
  fetlock and hoof,   h Jar don.
i Tofre the ham or hough.
j A curve surrounding the ham.
I Wind Galls.
n A pearl or web in  the eye.
p Bandage for the Shoulders.
o The pole evil. 

X il •»

ill
	v. ■8	8 u 80	
			
	'rai Ian hest	.S	E
fr*3	cnOO&J		
m ja	V S ii	«—.	_=
^
■5- a
SO
 
 1  Bone Spavin.
 2  Rin<r bones.
 3  Knuhs and IVarts.
 4 To knew the true bastard Strangles.
!> To mak' him carry his ears writ.
6 Boreing the shoulder with ortuu't Cautery.
7 Operations for lameness in the round beiu.
8 //  quitter bone.
 
— ••*:•;>%
I Operation for Pursy horses,
2 Elbow of the hoof.
3 Shackle Vein.
4 Close HeeVd.
5 Chaps in the Heel.
6 Sole  of the foot.
7 Rats tail on the legs.
8 Tufts.
9 ElcphonticScurJ 
1. 7. The  Lampas.
2. 5.  Kiiucles ocer.
3. A Sand Crack.
4 Crown Scab.
5. Wlure to bhed for the Shoul-
  der slip or Should r ivnach.
1. Operation for Virtigo
  or Staggirs.
2. Sctm to draw humors
  from the eyes.
3. A Wen.
4. Operation for a Chest
  founder.
5. Cloven or Oxfcct. 
i  i he Barbs.
1 Op'r.Uion for tlu Anticor.
?> .1 liinifboms.
j The pinccr.
« Tlie middle  tooth.
7 The corner  tooth.
9 Tlu: Tusk.
 I tt'l.rrr the leg tremhhs after
  hard labor.
2 Mark of a slumbler.
3 Circled f^et.
4 Blisters on the lips 
 u Hum in Ike Eye.
 b Where to  llccd.
 r Sptrntn.   d  Sinew Sprain.
 e Outward or inward Seine.
 f To know the author or palpitation of tie 7r*rf.
 g . / simple molette.
 h Btocd  Spavin.
 i  \rrrout mntettc behind.
j  Dry Spavins.
k Wmil gall*.
I St; hin /tall.
i ■  L'x-cfyriicc* on thf Sides.
1> Opnafion- far tore , yes.
1 B"Vf'«gr for the Style. 
-v'T  ^  ■ -)

£■

A
1
/:

I  '  '\   ,• 
THE AGE OF A  HORSF BY HIS
    TEETH.
2 1-2 years.
4 years.
6 years past.             5 years.
                   3
 
 
 
 OBSERVATIONS AND RECEIPTS
                FOR THE
  CURE OF MOST COMMON DISTEMPERS
             UICIDENT TO
    OXEN, COWS AND CALVES.
    WHEN you go to buy cattle, whether
for the stall, the draught, or the pail, always
take the youngest, rather than those that are
old and barren.  And  though  some cattle
are chosen by their strength, and some by
the greatness of  their bodies; yet the  best
have commonly these properties; large,  well
knit, and sound  limbs ; a long, large,  and
deep sided body, white horned, broad fore-
head, great eyes, and black ; the ears rough
and hairy, the jaws large and wide, the lips
blackish, the neck well brawned  and thick,
the shoulders broad, the hide not ha id or stub-
born in feeling, the belly deep, the legs  well
set, full of sinews, and straight, rather short
than long, the better to sustain the weight of
their body; the knees .straight and great; me
feet, one far from another,  not broad,  nor
turning in, but easily spreading; ihe hair of 
130         RECEIPTS  FOR THE
all their body thick and short, their tail long
aid big haired.
  All country people know the benefit and
advantages arising from keeping of oxen,
cows, and calves; and therefore we shall here
only lay down some necessary observations
and receipts for the cure of such distempers
as they are liable  to.
A general drink either for Ox, Cow, or Caff,
                that is ill.
  Take three or four garlic heads, a quart
of new milk, three spoonfuls of tar, and two
spoonfuls of sweet oil; infu»e them for some
time, and give it at one dose
 A cure for the Murrain, or Flague among
                  cattle.
  Take of the herb of angelica one h"mdfLi!,ei'
rue the same quantity;  chop them togeth-
er ; then  take of tar half a pint; of soap  four
ounces ; and salt half an handful ; make it
into an electuary, and give  it to every beast
in the quantity of a small egg, rubbing their
noses with tar. 
           CURE OF OXEN, &C.         131
   Of the loss of appetite in cows and oxen.
  You may perceive this when cattle of this
sort do not chew the cud, which is occasion-
ed through the went of digestion, they then
forbear their  meat,  and do not lick them-
selves as usual: their eyes are dull, and they
have frequent  belchings.   To cure this,  or
restore them to their appetite,  use the fol-
lowing medicine, viz.  Take of rue and pel-
litory of Spain, of  each one handful ;  of
featherfew,  horehound, red sage, and  bay-
salt, of each a  like quantity ;  put these in-
gredients into five pints of ale-wrort, and boil
them for a short space ; and then, straining
off the liquor, give about a pint at a time,
milk-warm, to each beast  every  morning,
not suffering them to drink til I the afternoon.
  The neglecting of this distemper will oc-
casion the beast to  be violently pained,
which one may perceive by its sudde nly start-
ing from one place to another; which when
you perceive, t';ere is no better remedy than
to tie his tail  close by the  body as tight as
possible, giving him  then a pint  if strong
white wine, with half a pint of olive oil,  driv-; 
 132         RECEIPTS FOR THE

 ing him  afterwards a,mile or two as fast as
 you  can  get him along ; and after some lit-
 tle resting drive him yet a mile farther, which
 will occasion the medicine to operate.
 A remedy for a Cow that is back-strained, or
             has the running.
    Take comfrey, archangel, knot-grass,
 plantain,  and shepherd's purse, a handful of
 each; boil these, tied up in bunches, in about
 five pints of ale-wort, or, for want of that, in
 middling  beer, free  from the yeast, till the
 liquor is  strong of the  herbs ;  then* add an
 ounce of  aniseeds, and about a quarter of a
 pound of  bole  armoniac finely powdered  :
 when these have boiled again, put in about
 half a pound of treacle ; and when it is strain-
 ed or passed through a sieve,  give half the
liquor to a cow in the morning, and the other
half the morning following, not suffering her
to drink till the afternoon.
   This distemper is  not unlike the running
of the reins in other creatures.
      OJ Ihe distemper called the  Tail.
  The disease  called the  tail, is by som*
$ 
           . LRE of oxvy, <fec.         133
farmers called the wolf. '< This is discovered
by a softness between some of the joints of
the tail appearing as if the joints had been
separated from one another, or some of the
ligaments broken.
  You ought, particularly, where you are
apprehensive of this case, with your finger
and thumb to feel between every joint of the
tail; and where you find  any division or o-
penness between the bones, o.- any remark-
able softness between the joints, to slit that
part with a  sharp knife lengthways, on the
other side of the tail, about two inches, lay-
ing  in the  wound the following compo-
sition :
  Sea or common salt, wood-soot and garlic.
well beaten and mixed together, of each a
like  quantity ;  binding them up with a  bit
of linen cloth.
  Of the  Flux, or Lax, or Scour in Cattle.
  When a beast is troubled with this distem>
per,  you may be sure he  will  lose his  flesh
more in a da/, than h? can recover in a wtek
or ten days.  The  remedy is, in the  first
                   M 
  134        RECEIPTS  FOR THE
  place, to keep them from drinking much:
  and, secondly, to give them little meat the
  first day:  or, as  some would have,  keep
 them fasting for twelve hours  at least.----
 There are several drinks  which you may
 give them on this occasion, that  have been
 experienced to be extremely serviceable to
 them, such as the following, viz.  The stones
 of grapes or raisins beaten to powder, to the
 quantity of a quarter of an ounce, and boil-
 ed in a quart of strong ale or beer, may be
 given warm in a morning.
   For want of this, you may use as much of
 the inner bark of oak boiled with strong ale
 or beer  wort, Or strong malt-drink, free
 from yeast, strained after boiling, and giving
 them about a quart in a morning, being first
 sweetened with an  ounce of course  sugar
 well dried  before the fire.   Some choose to
 boil  in this mixture a handful of wormwood,
 and an ounce of bole armoniac.
   We  have another receipt  relating fo the
 same case, which is  likewise  very  succes-
ful, viz.
   Take  rue, red sage, and roman worm- 
LORE OF OXEX, &C.
135
wood if you can get it, or otherwise, our
common wormwood  may  serve;  shred of
each of these one handful, and boil them
half an  hour in ale-wort, or good drink free
from yeast; then put in four ounces of bolo
armoniac, and about  an ounce of the grains
powdered, with a piece  of butter without
salt ;  let these boil a  little, and give half the
quantity to a cow or bullock in the morning
keeping th em from water two or three hours
afterwards ; and then, missing a day, give
them  the other half.
    Of the Cough in Cows and Bullocks.
   Some farmers, when they perceive this
among their cattle, rightly judge, that if not
soon removed, it may prove of dangerous
consequence ; and, therefore, in the begin-
ning, give  them the following medicine, viz.
   A pint of barley-meal, the yolk ofan eggf
and two or three ounces of raisins, boiled
in a quart of ale-wort, and wTell mixed to-
gether, for them to take in the morning fast-
ing ; always supposing that the grosser parts
must be taken  out of the  draught before 
 136         'RECIPTS  FOR THE
 you give it to the cow or ox; as the raisins
 in this case, for example.
   Another method, which is famous among
 the country people, is, to take a large hand-
 ful of hyssop and boil  it in water, after-
 wards straining the water from the hyssop*
 and mixing it either  with wheat flour,  or
 barley flour, and  to  give  it the beast  to
 drink.  Or else,
   You may boil hyssop in ale-wort, about
 the same quantity, and give  it a  cow or an
 ©x that has the cough, with good success.
   Sometimes these cattle, when  they have
 the cough, will be led into  a consumption
 of the  lungs ; to prevent which, fetter them
 in the  dewlap, and give them two ounces of
 the juice of leeks boiled in a quart of ale.
  In desperate cases,  boil the seeds of fen-
 ugreek, of anise, and  bay-berries,  of each
half an ounce ; and madder twro  ounces, in
two quarts of good ale free  from the yeast,,
till the liquor loses a fourth part.
  It must  be noted, that the madder and
seeds must be well beaten and mixed togeth-
fceforo vou put  them info the ale ;  and af- 
            CURE OF OXEN, &C.        137
ter the liquor is  passed through a sieve,
while it is yet warm, sweeten it with treacle,
and give it in the morning.
     The Kibe in a Bullock, and its Curt.
   You may know when a cow or bullock
 has a fever, by  the watering of their eyes*
 their heads will be heavy,  their pulsation
 quick, and their body much hotter than usu-
al : moreover, you may observe a viscous
liquid to fall from their mouths.
   The morning  following let him blood  in
the tail; and an hour after,  give  him tlie
following medicine, viz.
   Take one handful of the young  stalks of
 cole-woit, if they are to be had; or,  for
want of these, as much  of cabbage leaves,
or savoy leaves, or the  leaves of  curled
worts : boil these in a quart or  three pints
of common  water, with a little salt; and  af-
ter straining it ofT, add a little fresh butter,
stirring it till it is  entirely dissolved:  an
ounce of treacle may likewise  be mixed
with this medicine, and  given miik  waru»
                    JV12 
 138          RECEIPTS  FOR THE
 for four or five mornings successively, while
 they are fasting.
   Some farmers and others boil  the cole-
 wort stalks in small beer, which is judged to
 be even better than the  water and salt.
   Others boil barley or malt in water,  and
 then  boil the cole wort stalks, and add  but-
 ter and  salt to the medicine.
 Of the Stoppage of Urine in a  Corv or Bul-
       lock, and the Method oj Cure.
   This  distemper is supposed to be the grav-
 el in  the kidneys when it first appears.
   We have fit ru nlly, in examining  the
 kidneys of oxen and cows, met with rough
 stones in those parts, even to the number of
 an hundred, in one of them  about the  big-
 ness of a wheal corn.
 But this gravel or stone, let us call it which
 we will,  is  sometimes found in the blad-
 ders or  urinary passages oi these creatures,
 and then it is best to kill them at once ; for
if you observe them two three days with-
out watering, you may know it is not in the
kidneys alone. 
           CURE OF  OXEX, 6ZC.         139
  If the distemper should  happen to be in
the kidneys, as you mdy  perceive  by the
cattle's difficulty of watering and groaning
at that time, give them the following medi-
cine, viz.
  Boil of parsley, smallage, or geen celery,
sassafras, alexanders, and rue, of each one
handful, in about  two quarts of old beer ;
strain  this off, then pass it  through a sieve
when it is strong of  the herbs ; then put in
of the liquorice sliced, anniseed, cummin-
seed, coriander-seed, and turmeric, of each
an ounce ; and boiling them again  in the
liquor till it is strong of the last ingredients,
add fresh butter and treacle toit,to the quan-
tity of a quarter of a pound of each.
  This will  serve for two mornings.
  N.  B. In this case some of the most curi-
ous will put in about a quarter of an ounce
of fine oyster shell powder, or two  or three
drams of powder of crab's eyes.
  When the distemper is so far advanced
that the very yard of a bullock is supposed to
be stopped by gravel, it is advised by some
of the farmers to cut  them; but it has been 
 140        RECEIPTS FOR  THE

 sometimes eased by putting a small wire up
 the penis like a catheter.
     The Kibe in a Bullock, and its cure.
   One receipt for a kibe, which has proved
 of very good use, is, first, to  cut it with
 a sharp knife, and  then to apply the follow-
 ing medicine with  fine tow to the  wTound,
 viz.
   Take an ounce of verdigrease finely beat-
 en and silted ; work this  into a  salve with
 two ounces of fine soap, and dress  the kibe
 with it.
 Of the Yellows in a Cow or Bullock, which
          some call the Pantess.
  This distemper is called by some the gall
In cattle, and may be known by  the running
 of the eyes, and a large quantity of yellow
 wax in their ears ; as also by a  yellowness
 appearing under the upper lip.
  This distemper commonly proceeds from
 the cattle's eating some unwholesome food,
 or from poor diet.  The remedy for it is as
 follows, viz.
  Take of wood-soot  finely powdered";  an 
           CURE  OF OXEN, &C.        141
ounce ; plantain and rue, of each a handful;
garlic, eight large cloves  stamped; hemp-
seed, an ounce;  or the tops of hemp, an
handful; boil these in three  pints of fresh
human  urine, or  as much old beer ; and
when it has passed through a sieve, give a-
bout a quart of the liquor to a large bul-
lock ; then rub his tongue and  the roof of
his mouth with salt, and chafe his back with
human urine.
  When a Beast is disordered in his Lunzs.
               THE REMEDY.
   You  may  perceive  this distemper in a
beast by the great weakness in  his legs, so
that he will hardly be  able  to stand, ah-
?hough he may seem fit and in good order
for the butcher  at the same time.  The fol-
lowing medicine in this case may be used.,
viz.
   Bruise eight  cloves of garlic, and take
one  handful  of wormwood,  with as much
liverwort; boil these gently in  a quart of
ale, free from the yeast, and passing the li-
quor through a  sieve, add an ounce of mad- 
  1 42         RECEIPTS FOR THE
 der finely powdered, half a dram of whole
 pepper, and about a dozen cloves; which,
 as soon as they have boiled enough to give
 the liquor a pungency sufficient, clear them
 off, and sweeten it with two ounces  of trea-
 cle, giving it to the cow or ox milk-warm.
 Of the Hide-bound; or the distemper called the
   Gargut, in Kine ; from Mr. Shuttleworth,
   of Essex.
   This distemper shews itself between the
 claws  in cows or oxen, by blistering there.
   To  cure which, you must first draw a hair
 line  between the claws, or hoofs, in the blis-
 tering part till it bleeds.
   You must then take a handful of the leaves
 of the plant called Moth-mullein ; boil this
 in a quart of milk, and give it the cow in a
 morning fasting ; or else  boil it in ale, or
 ale-wort rather, because there ought to be
 no yeast.
             Of the Gargyse.
   The distemper called the  Gargyse is a
swelling on one side of the eye,  in manner
of a boil, botch, or buboe.  This is  as dan- 
          CURE OF OXEN, <SCC.         143
gerous a distemper as %ny that can attend
cattle.  Cut with a sharp penknife or lancet
this swelling round about as deep as the skin,
to prevent its falling into the muzzle of the
beast,  which will  certainly happen, if not
timely prevented by this method, and prove
mortal.
  When you have opened the skin, as above
directed, wash the wound with the following
preparation, viz.
  Fresh human urine and salt must be gent-
ly simmered over a fire together, and when
it is  near cold, wash the swelling, and the
part that has been  cut with  it, mornings and
evenings, till the swelling abates; at the same
time giving the beast, every other morning,
some flower of sulphur in warm ale, or ale-
wort.
  When you dress this botch, or boil, have
particular regard to scrape  off, or clean, the
boil  and the wounded part from, the  little
blisters or pustules, even till you come to
the quick, and the sore has quite ceased run-
ning.
  W7hen the swelling is quite gone, anoint 
 144         RECEIPTS F0H THE

 the wound and sore part with ner«e oil and
 honey, boiled together, while the prepara-
 tion is milk-warm, and it will soon heal.
  A general remedy for Cattle that Lower, or
              loose the Cud.
   Take a handful of the inner rind of elder*
 a handful of rue, and as much lungwort if it
 can easily be had, otherwise it  may be let
 alone;  chop  them small, and put them in-
 to  trhee quarts of ale free from the yeast, or
 in as much ale-wort; boil these till they are
 Koft, then stir them ; then add half an ounce
 of long pepper, half an ounce  of grains, half
 an  ounce of liquorice, half an ounce of ani-
 seeds, a quarter of an ounce of cumminseed,
 an ounce of turmeric,andasmuch fenugreek-
 seeds,  all well beaten, with a quarter of a
 pound of madder; and  while all these are
 boiling, fake  a large bowl dish, and put into
 it an handful of lay salt, twelve cloves of
garlic  four new laid eggs, shells and all;
grind all these together with a wooden pes-
tle, till they are well mixed with some of the
liquor; then  add the whole body of the de- 
           CURE OF OXEN, &C.        145
Coction as hot as may be, letting the whole
stand together till it is no warmer than milk
from the cow, brewing it well together; give
the beast half the quantity to drink, while it
is  yet  wTarm, two mornings successively,
keeping the ox or cow warm that takes it, for
four or five hours after, before  you give
them any water.
 For a Cow or Bullock, that is Clue-bound.
   Take Castile soap, or what some call cast-
le soap, half a pound; to this add treacle and
butter, of each a like quantity; put these
into three pints of soft wTater, wherein chalk
has been infused, though some would recom-
mend  stand-lee;  of either of these  liquors
take three quarts ; and when the whole is
dissolved and mixed, give half the medicine
to your cow or bullock in a morning, before
they have  drank, keeping them in a house
till noon.   Repeat this medicine two morn-
ings.
   If yet the beast should be too much bound
in his body, or the medicine should not hap-
pen to opperate, give him some balls made
of butter and riff-sand. 
 146         RECEIPTS FOR THE
 For Oxen that are galled or bruised in the neck
               by the yoke.
    Take train oil, and grind it well with
 white lead, till it becomes a salve ; with this
 anoint the grieved part, and it will present-
 ly heal the sore, and discharge the swelling.
        Of the Scab in cows or oxen.
   This distemper chiefly comes  from poor-
 ness of diet, and is very  infectious among
 cattle, spreading itself presently through a
 whole herd.  It is sometimes occasioned by
 the want of water in summer time.
 The best way of curing,it is to make a strong
 decoction of tobacco stalks in human urine,
 and  to wash the infected parts  frequently
 with it; at the same time giving the beast the
 following drink.
   Take of rue, angelica, of each a handful;
 ■hred these herbs small, and boil them in
 three quarts  of ale without yeast, or new
wort, and add an ounce or two of the flower
 of sulphur, with butter and treacle, of each
three ounces ; giving it to  the  bullock at
two mornings.
  When this distemper happens to  any buK 
CURE OF  OXEN, &C.
147
 lock, it will soon reduce him to a leanness
 and poverty of ilesh ;  wrherefore bleed him,
 and you may give him the following medi-
 cine, viz.
   Of oil human urine a quart, in which mix
 a handful of hen's dung, or half a handful of
 pigeon's dung, and give  it to the beast to
 drink.
        Of the Husk in a bullock, &c.
   Take hyssop, the smaller centaury, celan-
 dine, marshmallows, of each one  handful;
 boil these in ale free from the yeast, or in
 three quarts of a!e-wrort; then add about
 three ounces of cow-spice, with treacle and
 butter, of each six ounces.  This will make
 two doses ;  to be given every other morn-
 ing.

 A drink for a bullock that has the Bloody
         Scour or the Bloody Flux.
   Take  of  elder buds, or elder flowers, a
handful; if the elder flowers are dry, take
two  ounces of them; hyssop, mallows, and
celandine, a handful of each.
  If the cow or bullock be large, boil these 
 148         RECEIPTS  FOR THE
 in five pints of old strong beer; but if it be
 but for a small breed, boil these in three pints;
 to which add aniseeds and liquorice, of each
 about two ounces, more or less, as the bul-
 lock is larger or smaller, with treacle and
 butter, of each six ounces; put to them mad-
 der powdered, about'two ounces.
   When you give your beast this drink, keep
 him warm, and give warm mashes, in each of
 which about a  quarter of an ounce of oak
 bark has been grated.
   While this distemper is upon him, do not
 suffer him by any means to drink cold water,
 but prevent his thirst by mashes only.
            Of Imposthumes.
   Wrhen any botch or boil appears  upon a
 a bullock,  take  white  lilly roots, and boil
 them in a quart or three pints of milk till they
 are soft; then beat them with the milk, till
 they become a pulp, and lay them on hot
 to the  grieved place, which will occasion it
 to become softer by degrees, till it will be fit
 to open ; which some do with a hot iron, and
 others  do with a penknife, washing well the
part afterwards with brandy and water. 
            CURE OF OX$N,&C.         149
   To heal a wound of this kind, it is a com-
 mon practice to use tar, turpentine, and oil,
 mixed together.
            For a Sinew Strain;
   When a beast is strained in his sinews, or
 it appears  that his sinewTs are weak, take
 marshmallows and chickweed,of each a hand-
 ful ; boil thera in a quart of vinegar, adding
 three or four ounces of tallow ; or for want
 of vinegar, use the dregs of stale beer.
   W7ith this mixture  while it  is very hot,
 bathe the grieved part.
 For an Inflamation in the lungs of a bullock.
   A cow or bullock troubled with this dis-
 temper will discover it by holding its head
 higher than common, and drawing its wind
 with difficulty; it will likewise be chiefly
 in a standing posture,  without caring to lie
 down, and will groan very much.
   The cure is to bleed it in the neck,  and
 then give it the following dose, viz.
   Take lungwort, celandine, and hyssop, of
each an handful; of the  smaller  Centaury,
dried, half an handful; elder flowers, dried
an-ounce;  or for want of them, four ounces
                    N2 
150        RECEIPTS FOR THE
  of elder top?; boil these well together in a
  quart of ale-wort, or, inlieuof that, ina quart
  of ale free from yeast;  then press the herbs
  and strain the liquor from them,  putting at
  the same time to it an ounce and a half of cow-
  spice, or for want of that, anniseed, and fen-
  ugreek seeds, of each one ounce, with about
  an ounce and a half of liquorice sliced; boil
  these together for a little wirile, and add of
 butter and treacle, six  ounces each, which
 will make a medicine to be given two suc-
 cessive mornings.
   The fettering of a bullock (in this distem-
 per)  in the dew-lap with hellebore has prov-
 ed effectual.
 An Unguent for Cows and Bullocks that havt
       any sore or wound about them.
   Take hog's lard finely rendered, six oun-
 ces ; honey an ounce and a half;  bees-wax
 and rosin, of each half an ounce;  stir these
 over a gentle fire together till they melt.
 An Ointment for a Bullock or Cow that has
      a swelling attending any ivound.
   Take of hog's lard, linseed oil,  and red-
lead, of each three ounces. 
CURE OF  OXEN, &C.
151-
   Melt the oil and hog's lard together ; then
 add the red lead, and stir it wTell offthe fire
 till the composition is cold:
   This salve being warmed, and  dissolved
 with a hot  iron, may be  rubbed upon the
 swollen part once a-day, and it will certain-
 ly take the swelling down.
 A Water for an old wound or sore in a Bul~
               lock or Cow.
   Take of white  copperas,  three ounces ;
 rockalum, one ounce and an half; bole ar-
 moniac,six or seven ounces; let these be fine-
 ly pulverized and mixed together, putting
 them then in  a glazed earthen vessel  over
 the fire, and stir them for about fifteen or
 eighteen minutes,  till they seem to be well
 incorporated.
   Take off then the mixture and let it cool.
 after which, beat the composition in  a mar-
 ble mortar, till it is reduced lo a fine pow-
 der.
   You must then boil three quarts of spring
 water, which should rather be  that arising
 from a spring of chalk than any other; and
closely  coyer it while it is boiling. 
 152         RECEIPTS FOR THE
   After the water has boiled for five min-
utes, pour it hot into a clean vessel, and mix
with it  about  three ounces of the powder,
stiring it well as soon as the  powder is put
in it.
  In two or three days this water will be well
settled, and then alter it, and preserve the
clear liquor, in a bottle well stopped.
   When you have occasion to use this wTater
make it as hot as it can be endured upon the
affected place, dipping a linen rag into  it,
and applying  that to the wound ; which may
be repeated at least twice, if not three times,
the first day,  and afterwards  bind upon the
sore a piece of linen cloth well soaked in the
said water.
   If the wound happens to be deep, even
though there may be a fistula, force in some
of this water warm with a syringe, and it will
even cure this distemper.
An Ointment Jor a green wound in a Bullock
                or Cow.
  The ointment of tobacco is of excellent
use on this occasion, and is even good if any
of the sinews are hurt; therefore a farmer 
            CURE OF OXEN, &c.         153
 who keeps a great number of cattle, should
 not be without if, no more than oil of tur-
 pentine.
   Bees-wax, rosin, fresh butter, or hog's lard,
 with  turpentine also, make  an excellent
 plaster for fresh wounds in cattle; and it is
 remarkable, that upon the application of this
 ointment, no flies or insects can come near
 the wound.
 Of the Haw, or other diseases in the eyes of cat-
   tle which  occasion weeping or inflamation j
   or for the Pin or  Wab.
   When you perceive the  eyes of cattle to
 be sore, and flowing with water, take of white
 copperas the quantity of half a dram, in the
 lump, and dissolve it in spring water, about
 half a wine pint; wrash the eyes of the beast
 with the water twice or thrice a-day.
   But if the eyes are much inflamed, wash
 them with  eyebright water, mixed wii.li an
 equal quantity of the juice of house leek.
   Or, on the same occasion, where there is
danger of a pin or wab, or when a beast has
received any cut or stroke across tke eves,
use the following powder, viz. 
 154         RECEIPTS FOR THE
   Take a new laid egg, and having taken
 out half the white, fill it up with salt, and a
 little fine flowrer of ginger ; wrap this in a wet
 cloth, and roast it hard in some hot cinders-
 or embers ; then beat it to powder, shell and
 all; and when it is finely  pulverised, keep
 it closely stopped in  a bottle for use.
   When you use this powder, blow a little
 of it through  a quill into the eyes of the
 beast, especially  in  that which  seems  the
 most inflamed.
 For the bite of a mad dog, viper, or slow-worm.
   Take a pint of olive oil, and infuse in that
 four or five handfuls of plantain leaves, shred
 small, for eight  or nine days,; then boil these
 together till the leaves grow crisp, and strain
 it  into a glazed earthen vessel, and anoint
 the part with it frequently till the wound or
 sore is healed.  This is an oil generally used
 by the viper catchers.
   Some make the following plaster;  of bole
 armoniac, san guis draconis, barley meal,
 with the leaves of plantain, shred small, or
 beaten together in  a mortar, and then beat
up with  whites of  eggs.  This serves as a 
           CURE OF OXEN, &«.         I §5
plaster to be laid on fresh every morning and
evening.
      Of the falling down of the Palate.
   When a beast labors hard and wants wa-
fer, he is commonly attacked with the fall-
ing down of the palate ; he will yet endea-
vour to eat, but to little purpose.
  To remedy this, the beast must be cast,
and you may then thrust up the palate with
your hand, and as soon as that is done, bleed
him in the same place, and anoint the wound-
ed part with honey and salt, well mixed to-
gether, turning him then to grass;  for dry
meat is by no means proper for him.
         A Remedy for bruises in cattle.
  Take brooklyme, two handfuls ; chop it
•mall, and boil it in tallow, or in hog's lard
for fifteen minutes, and apply it warm  to the
affected place.
A mixture for a lameness in a Cow or Bullock, or when
     they are shoulder-pitched, or cup sprung.
  Take  oil of turpentine two ounces; oil of
Peter, and oil of spike, of each the like quan-
tity ; mix these with six ounces of linseed 
150
RECEIPTS FOR THE
 oil, and anoint the grieved place once every
 day till it is well.
   Or,
     Take nerve oil and linseed oil, of each
 a  like quantity;  mix them well together,
 and anoint the injured part once a-day, keep-
 ing the mixture warm while you use it.
 A drink for Cows and Bullocks that arc shrew bitten, or
          litten t>y mad dogs or vipers.
   Take of rue, the smaller centaury, box,
 and  St. John's wort, of each  one handful ;
 boil these in six quarts of  ale-wort, till the
 liquor is strong of the herbs;  then  strain it
 oii', and add a quart of water to it, then add
 five ounces of the  flower of sulphur, and of
 cow spice three large spoonfuls, with one
 spoonful of oyster shell powder.
   N. B.  This will serve for six doses.
A Salve,  or  Charge, jor any  Wound  by a
   Stab or  Thorn, where  some Parts of
      them are supposed to lodge in the
                  Wound.
   On these occasions take black snails from
 commons, or, as some call them, black slugs,
 with as much black soap; beat these togeth- 
           CURE OF OXEN, &C          157
 er till they  are  well mixed,  and make a
 salve which apply to the wound.
   For a Beast that has a Bone broken or
                misplaced.
  When the bone is set right, or put into its
 true place, use the following  preparation,
 viz.
   Burgundy pitch and tallow, of each a like
 quantity ;  put to them as much linseed oil,
 as, when they are well mixed,  will make a
 salve or charge, to  be plastered over the
 afflicted part.
  When this is laid on, splent it, and  cover
 it with a woolen cloth, and keep it on  twen-
 ty days, in which time the bone  will be well
 knit.
       A purge for a Cow or Bullock.
  Take butter, tar, and honey,  with a little
castile soap ; mix  these well together, and
give the mixture in balls as big  as pigeon's
eggs ; two  balls in a morning.
 Of the breeding of Milk  in Cows,  and the
            way to promote it.
  Draw whey with strong beer and milk; in
                      o 
158        RECEIPTS FOR THE
 which boil aniseed, and coriander seed, fine-
 ly beaten to powder, with an ounce of sugar-
 candy well pulverized ; give a quart of this
 medicine to a cow every morning,  which
 will not only make her milk spring freely,
 but will greatly increase it.
       Of the Rot in Oxen or Cows.
   When this distemper attacks any beast,
 it will fall from  its meat, quickly be  lean,
 and have a continual scouring.
   To remedy this distemper, take bay-ber-
 ries finely pulverized,  myrrh, ivy  leaves,
 featherfew, and  the leaves  of elder ; put
 these into fresh human  urine, with a lump
 of yellow clay, and a little bay-salt ; mix
 them well together, and give a pint  each
 morning  warm to tho beast.
   A remedy for swollen Cods in a Bull.
  Take two quarts of  strong old  beer, in
 which put a h,mdful of the yoimg shoots of
 elder, *iih two handful* of the bark  taken
from tl o  woody part of the common black-
 berry bush; boiltbcbe gently till half the 
            CURE OF OXEN, &C.        159
 liquor is consumed, then strain  it off, and
 keep it for use.
   When you use thU bathe the parts morn-
 ing and evening with the liquor made pret-
 ty 'vat, and bind up the grieved part after-
 wards in a double linen cloth that  has been
 dipped in the liquor.
        For a Cow that pisses Blood.
   Take oak, -have off the outer  bark, and
 b.il it in spring water  till it is red; as also
 comf ey, shepherd's purse,  plantain,  sage,
 green  hemp or nettles,  of each a handful,
 and  boil them with  the bark ; strain it, and
 put  a <^ood handful  of salt in the water ;  as
 also some  all urn, bole armoniac, chalk,  or
 the powder of  sea-coal.  If your beast  is
 weak,  give less than  a quart; if strong,
 more; once often serves, but twice will sure-
 ly cure the beast.  Give it lukewarm.
                 Another.
   Toast a piece of bread, and  cover it well
with tar, aud give it.  It is occasioned, some
say,  by their  broiling on oak leaves, &c.—
Put a frog down a cow's throat, and  drive 
160        RECIPTS FOR THE
her next day into water, and she will direct-
ly piss clear.  It is a present cure.
         jFbr the Blain in a Cow.
  When first taken, they stare, and foam
with their tongues out of their mouths; then
immediately prick her in the nose, or bleed
her in the neck, which will keep her alive
twenty-four hours ;  then take a handful of
salt in about a pint of water, and give it her,
putting immediately a whole egg down her
throat: sometimes they have it behind un-
der their tail, when  a blister will  appear .
this is cured  by running your hand down
her fundament  close fingered, and brought
wide out, which breaks the  blain within.—
If this is  not presently discovered, it  kills
them.
For the black or  red  Water in Cows, a Dis-
     temper next to the pissing of Blood.
  Take a piece of iron, heat it red hot in
the fire, put it to two quarts of milk ;  then
let the milk cool, and give it  the beast blood
warm, and it will bind  up the bloody issue
after two or three times giving. 
           CURE OF oxen;&c.         161
For a Cow that strains  in calving, when her
  Calf haulm,  Udder, or  Bag, will come
    down, and swells as  much as a blown
                Bladder.
  Take new milk, and  strew therein linseed
b uised to powder, or chalk, or pepper,  but
linseed is  best; put it up  with  your hand
and let her hinder part  stand highest for two
or three days.
For a Cow, who by laying on the Earth, and
 loo soon drinking cold  water after calving,
  her calf haulm swells and lies over the neck
    of the Bladder, stopping the Urine,
    that she cannot stale, or stand on
                her Feet.
  Take two  sacks, or a winding-cloth,  put
it under her body, fasten  a rope to it,  and
put it over a beam in the barn, and draw her
up that she cannot touch  the ground with
her feet; then let a woman anoint ber hand,
and work the calf s haulm from the bladder*
that the water may have a passage.  -.Give
her warm bedding, warm drinks, and warm
clothes. 
162
RECEIPTS  FOR THE
       For a Cow that cannot clean,
   Take a large handful of pennyroyal, and
boil it in three pints  of ale ; then strain it,
and put one pound of treacle into it, and
let it just boil ; take it off, and put a half
penny worth of flower of brimstone into it,
so give it in a  horn to a cow.   Instead  of
pennyroyal you may use  southernwood.
   To cure Swellings, or Snarled Bags in
                 a Cow.
 , Take  rue, and adder's  tongue ; stamp
them  together, and squeeze out the juice ;
mix this with a pound of fresh butter from
the churn without salt, and  make it into an
ointment.  This is an excellent remedy.
      For a sucking Calf that scoureth.
   You must take  a pint  of verjuice, and
clay that is burnt till it be red, or very well
burnt tobacco-pipes pound them to powder,
and searse them very finely ; put to it a lit-
tle powder of charcoal, then blend them to-
gether, and give  it to the calf, and he will
wend in a night's time for certain. 
           CURE OF OXEN, &C        163
         To feed Calves while they suck.
  Put to them a trough of barley meal, and
it will whiten and fatten.  Some :he them
o:-ts ii, troughs all the time of their suckin^;
a id the  night before they  have them to
market, cui off* a pfce of the tall,  and  tie
up  witJj a sho maker's end ; a .ad, when at
market, will <*ive them  a cram  or  two of
flour mixed with cicuei,  wiiich ^i.v, mem
from *couring. 
 
ft
   OBSERVATIONS k  RECEIPTS

                FOR THE

  CURE OF MOST COMMON DISTEMPERS,

              INCIDENT TO

       SHEEP AND LAMBS.

     EVERY farmer that buys sheep or
Iambs should take care that they be all in
good health, and not buy more than his grass
w ill  feed ; for if he does, some of the weak-
est must starve, or the whole flock suffer for
want of sufficient grass, which makes them
eat poisonous weeds, and so perish for want
of proper remedies to relieve  them ; f< r
which reason we have here  laid down all ti e
medicines that are necessary for  shepherds,
&c. to keep them.
   To prepare Tar to apply outwardly to  Sheep, for
            the Scab, or the Ray.
  Tar may be either mixed with the grease
of poultry, or goose grease, or hog's lard, or 
166         RECEIPTS FOR THE
butter that has been made up  without salt:
to evary poim 1 of tar ynu or.Htuae half the
quantity of either of the form jr, which may
be well  mixed together.  Some choose  to
melt their  butter to oil before they mix it
with the tar,  and it mixes the  better, and is
more healing.
  To make Broom-salve, an excllsnt R:m*du for ihe
    Scab, or any oth-r Distemper that appears on
               the Skin cf Sheep.
   This salve is of great u-e to such as  have
large flocks  of Sheep ; it answers the  end
of preparing  tar, and  is much cheaper  than
tar, where broom is to be had.
   To make  this,  take twenty  gallons  of
spring water,  from a gravelly  soil rather
than any other, or in Ihe room  of that  as
much clear liwr or rain w\ t r;  put to this
of green broom tops, stalks, leaves, and
flowers, shied small, about ten gallon/, and
let it simmer or boil  gentry till it becomes
of the  consistence of a jelly, or till it  be
pretty thick ; then add of rtale human urine
two quarts, and as much beef or pork brine
made strong  of the salt; and to these add 
CURE OF SHEEP AND LAMBS    167
about two pounds of mutton suet, well melt-
ed and cleaned ; stir these well together for
about a minute or two. till the suet is mixed;
and then strain all off into such a vessel as
you think convenient, to be kept for use.
  How to use the Broom-salve fer the Ray and Scab
                 in Sheep.
   This salve is very speedy and certain in
curing the distempers called the Ray and
Scab in sheep.
   If you use either this or Uae other prepar-
ed tar to a sheep when it is in full staple
(that is, before it  is shorne) divide the woolf
that you may see the inflamed part, and an-
oint it well, and the parts about it, at least
half an i.ich round; then close  the wool a-
gair», and the distemper will cease, and the
wool not be discoloured.
   When  a  sheep is  troubled with the scab,
you may presently discover it  by its  rub-
bing me distempered part  igainst  trees or
posts, and whhlii.-, h'un*; a.-da* soon as you
perceive this, you i ould apply eiiher of the
prepared medicines
   The broom-salve is aioO  of great U3e in 
 168         RECEIPTS  FOR THE
 destroying the ticks or sheep-lice, and the
 wool will not be the worse for sale.
   If you use this salve to sheep newly shorn,
 let it be warmed, and wash the infected part
 with a spur.ge or woollen rag dipped into it.
   But as the scab in sheep proceeds chiefly
 from poor diet, so when we apply this out-
 ward remedy, give them fresh and good pas-
 ture ; for good  food will help the cure, as
 well as prevent  the evil.  Sheep delight in
 shifting the  pasture often, and if they have
 plenty they will  take or.ly  that which is
 wholesome  for them ; otherwise they will
 be forced to eat such herbs as may prove
 injurious to  them.
      To cure the  Skit or Looseness in Sheep.
  Take salt, allum or chalk, and give  it in
 small drink  or water,  and it will knit and
help them presently.
      To prevent and cure the Rot in Sheep.
  Take a peck or bettei of malt, and mash
it as though you would brew it into beer or
ale, and make eleven or twelve t-lions of li-
quor ; then  boil in uiis liquor a good quan- 
       CURE OF  SHEEP AND  LAMBS.     169
 tiiy of herbs, viz.  shepherd's purse,  sage,
 comfrey, plantain, pennyroyal, wormwood*
 and bloodwort,  of each a  good  quantity*
 and boil them in the said liquor very we 11
 then strain them forth, and put a little yeast
 therein ;  after  that put a peck of salt, and
 fun, and put it up in a vessel ;  then give it
 your  sheep  in  wet  weather,  after April
 comes in seven  or eight spoonfuls a-piece
 once every week ;  if it be dry weather, you
 need not  so often; and  thus continue till
 May or after, as you see  cause,  according
 to the  dryness or wetness of the weather.—
 Give them now  and then a  little far mixed
 with herb  de grace  chopped, and it  will
 cleanse the bowels of much  corruption, and
 be healthful to the blood.
  To destroy Ticks or Tickells in Sheep, which annoy
    and spoil the Skins of Sheep, and keep them
                low in Flesh.
  Take the root of the common wood ma-
ple, or acerminus, cut it in chips, or grind
it, and  make  a  decoction of it in  common
water ; the quantity of about an ounce  to a
pint of water, which must be drawn clear
                   P 
170
RECEIPTS FOR THE
from the root as soon as it is cold :  this wa-
ter being applied  to the skin of the sheep
where the ticks happen to prevail most, is
a certain destroyer of them.  We need not
tell a bred shepherd, that the wool must be
first gently opened with the fingers before
the liquor is applied.  Some  use  a  linen
cloth that has been well soaked in  it; oth-
ers apply  this with a sponge to the sheep,
immediately after they are shorn, to prevent
the ticks for the future, and even to destroy
the eggs of the  ticks  which may remain up-
on the body of the sheep.
     Of the Worm in the Foot, and the Cure.
  The worm in the foot shews itself by a
swelling between the two claws, which makes
the sheep go  lame; therefore when you
find a sheep lame of any foot, you are  to
examine between the hoofs, and if  he is
troubled with this distemper, you will find
a hole big enough t» admit a pin's  head, in
which you may observe five or sk  black
hairs aboui an inch long ; then  with a sharp
pointed knife open the  skin a quarter of an
inch on each si$e the hole, and by pressing 
       CURE OF SHEEP AND LAMBS.    171
it gently with vour thumb above the slit
take hold of the black hairs with the other
hand, and there will come out a worm like
a solid piecu uf tlf©e»h, ubout Uso or three in-
ches long.  The wound must afterwards be
anointed with tar to heal it, or you may use
the broom-salve instead  of tar.
         Of the Cough in Sheep.
  When sheep are troubled with the cough
and shortness of breath,  bleed  them in the
ear, and take some oil of almonds and white
wine, which mix well together, and pour in-
to their nostrils about a  spoonful at  a time.
You may observe, that when sheep are thus
afflicted with a cough and   shortness of
breath, they are subject to be scabbed a-
bout their lips ; the remedy  for  which is,
to beat hyssop and bay-salt, of each a like
quantity together ;  and  rub their lips, their
palates, and their  mouths with it;  but if
there should be any ulcerous places, anoint
them with vinegar and tar well mixed to-
gether. 
172
RECEIPTS FOR THE
 A remedy when Sheep happen to s'wallow any
   venomous Worm, Horse-leech, or poison-
               ous Herb.
   When sheep have  happened to eat  any
 thing  that occasions their body  to  swell,
 bleed them in the lips,  and under the  tail,
 giving them a large spoonful of oil olive, or
 sharp  white  wine  vinegar, or two  good
 spoonfuls of human urine, from a sound per-
 son.
          Against the Murrain.
   Take the dried flowers of wTormwood, or
 of rue ; mix  them  with  common salt, and
 give them to such sheep  as are infected or
 are in danger of being infected.  About a
 dram is enough for each sheep in a morning,
 in a spoonful or two of human urine.
 The Red Water in Sheep, and of the common
         Cure for that Distemper.
   The red water is accounted one of the
 most dangerous  distempers attending  the
flock, bringing whatever sheep it attacks to
death in a short time, unless it be discover-
ed at the first coming ; whereas in  the rot, 
       CURE OF SHEEP AND LAMBS.    173
a sheep that happens  to be  taken with it,
may live for a month or more.   The reme-
dy for the red water is  to bleed the sheep
in the foot & under the tail ; then apply to
the sore places the leaves of rue and worm-
wood, or the tender shoots of either of them
bruised  and well mixed with bay-salt; and
give them, by way of diet, fine hay, in the
mornings and evenings, or other dry  meat
sprinkled a little with salt.
        For the Wildfire in Sheep.
  This is as dangerous a distemper as any
that can attend the flock, and was for a long
time held incurable ; but some of the most
intelligent  shepherds  have  made  a  salve
which has done great service.   Their med-
icine is made of chervil bruised  and  beat
up  with stale beer, with which  the sore or
afflicted place must be anointed. Or, to
take  another method, which is  as certain,
prepare a wash made of common water one
quarter of  a pint ; the quantity ©fa horse
bean of white copperas ; wash the sore part
                  P2 
174         RECEIPTS  FOR THE
with this water twice or thrice in an hour's
time, and it is a certain cure.
  Of sore Eyes in Sheep, and the Remedy.
  Although sheep have a dulness  in their
eyes when  rotten, yet sometimes  they are
subject to have a flux of humours which
weakens their sight, and without timely help
will bring them to be stark blind.  Some
of our shepherds use on this occasion the
juice of celandine, which they drop into the
eye ; others use, with as good judgment,
the juice of the leaves of ground ivy, which
should be forcibly spirted out of the mouth
into  the sheep's eye ;  or a decoction made
of either of the foregoing plants in common
water will do as well; and  you may have
always the same remedies ready at hand,
without the trouble  of seeking the plants
when you have occasion for them.   It is ne-
cessary, however, to observe, that when you
make these decoctions,  about five or six
grains of allum may be boiled in every pint
of wTater ; or if you use white  copperas in
this case of the eyes, infuse  about seven 
        CURE OF  SHEEP  AND LAMBS    175
 grains of the copperas in half a pint of fair
 water, it is a sovereign remedy.
       Of the Tag, or Belt in Sheep.
   Sheep are said to  be taggered  or  belt
 when they have a flux, or continued running
 of ordure, which lighting upon the tail, the
 heat of the dung, by its scalding, breeds the
 scab.  The common cure for this  distem-
 per is, first to cut off  or shear the  tags of
 wool that are berayed, so as to lay the  sore
 bare ; then wash the  raw part with human
 urine, or strong beef or pork brine ;  then
 strew the place  with  fine mould,  or dried
 earth ; and  after that, lay on tar mixed  well
 with goose-grease, or hog's lard ;  repeat a
 strewing of fine mould, and it is a certain
 cure, as far as outward application can act.
This is the  common  receipt; but to  give
 them as a diet, oats, fine hay,  with a little
sprinkling of bay-salt finely beat, and a small
quantity of  the powder of juniper-berries,
will  certainly remove the cause.
      Of the Measles, or  Pox in Sheep.
  This distemper shews itself at first in the 
176          RECEIPTS JOR THE
skin, in small pimples, either of a red or pur-
plish colour, and is very infectious; so that
whenever a sheep is attacked  with it, it
ought  instantly to be  removed  from the
flock, and put into a fresh springing pasture.
The outward application used by  the shep-
herds, is  to boil the leaves of rosemary in
strong vinegar, about three ounces of leave?
to a pint of vinegar,  and  to  wash the pus-
tules or sore parts  with that decoction.
   Of the  Blood in  Sheep, and its Remedy.
   This distemper wre take to be  a sort of
measles or pox, attended with such a de-
gree of fever, as will not suffer any breaking
out in the skin; for it is generally observed,
that the  skin of such a sheep  is redder than
any other sheep in any other distemper.—
In which case  you are to bleed him as you
perceive him stagger, by cutting off the up-
per part  of his ears, which is the most ready
way; and by bleeding him under the eye
immediately after, which forwards the cure
begun in the cutting the ears;  for thereby
the head is immediately assisted,  and they 
       CURE OF SHEEP AND  LAMES.     177
 S\ill soon recover.  But as, from the begin-
 ning of the distemper to the death  of the
 Sheep, it is no more than five or six minutes,
 feo a shepherd  ought to be  very watchful,
 and ready to bleed him, as soon as the  fore-
 going symptoms appear.   Some suppose
 this distemper to proceed from  the sheep
 eating pennygrass, while others  suppose it
 it to be an over-fulness of blood  from  rank
 diet.
       Of the Wood-evil, audits Cure.
   The wood-evil is seldom  or ever found
 among sheep that have their  pasture in low
 grounds; but  for the most  part amongst
 those that feed  upon poor  uplands,  and
 grounds over-run with fern.   The remedy
 is to bleed them in the vein under the eye.
   This distemper commonly  happens about
 April or May, seizing the sheep in the neck,
 making them hold their heads awrjs and oc-
 casioning them  to halt in their going, & will
 be their death in a day or two, if tile afore-
 said remedy of bleeding be not timely used,
 and fresh pasture in low lands provided for
them. 
  1 ' b        RECEIPTS FOR THE
   If a lamb is seized with a fever, on any
 other sickness, take him away from his dam,
 for  fear of  her catching  it ; which done,
 draw some  milk from the  ewe, and put to it
 so much rain water, and make the lamb swal-
 low it down.   This is a certain  cure for a
 sick lamb, if you keep him warm.
   There is a certain scab on the  chin of
 lambs, at some seasons, occasioned by their
 feeding on  grass covered with  dew ; it is
 called by the shepheids the Dartars, which
 will kill  - :,ii:!b if not stopped.
          A cure for the Dartars.
   Take salt am \r.-^.ap, in like proportion;
 beat them togetht;, and therewith chafe the
 palate of the mouth, the tongue, and all the
 n.n/zle ;  then wash the scab with vinegar ;
 and after that  anoint  it with tar and hog's
 grease mixed together.
  There is also a scabbiness that  often hap-
pens to lambs when they are but half a year
old;  to cure which you must grease them
with  tar  mixed with  two  parts  of goose
grease. 
      CURE  OF SHEEP AND  LAMBS.     179
  To fasten loose Teeth in Sheep or Lambs.
 When you observe their teeth loose, which
you will see by their not feeding, then let
them blood  under the  tail, and rub their
gums with powder of mallow-roots.
  Lambs are generally yeaned in the spring,
at which time  shepherds should take  great
care to cherish the ewes, that they  may be
strong and able to deliver their lambs, oth-
erwise they will have many abortive or dead
lambs. And if the ewes are not able  to de-
liver themselves, then the shepherd should
be always ready, to help them, by setting
his foot on their necks, and  with his hands
to pluck it gently from them.
   If a lamb  is likely to die when first lamb-
ed open his mouth and blow therein, and he
will soon  recover.
        Cutting or Gelding of Lambs.
   The age of cutting is from three or nine
days old, after which they are rank of blood,
which will fall into the cod in cutting, and
 there lie and kill them ; to prevent  which, 
 180        RECEIPTS FOR  THE
 put a little powder of rosin  into the cod,
 and that will dry up the quarie blood.
   A sure way of cutting :  let one hold the
 lamb between his legs, or  in  his  lap,  and
 turn the lamb on his back, holding all his
 feet upright together;  if you see black spots
 in his flanks, do not cut him, for he is rank
 of blood, and will surely die.  Let the cut-
 ter hold the tip of the  cod, in  his left hand,
 and with a sharp penknife cut the top there-
 of an inch long quite away. Then with his
 thumbs and his two  fore  fingers of both
 hands, slip the  cod  softly  down over  the
 stones, and then with his teeth holding the
 left stone in his mouth, draw it softly out as
 long as the string is ; then  draw forth  the
 other stone in like manner.   Spit in the cod>
 and anoint his flanks on both sides of the cod
 with fresh grease, and so let him go.
      Against the flowing of the Gall.
  When a sheep is troubled with this distem-
per, he will stand shrinking with all his feet
together; to cure which, give  him  half a
 spoonful of aquavits, mixed with so much 
       CURE OF  SHEEP AND LAMBS     lttt
 vinegar ; and let him blood under the tail.
 The above remedy is also very good against
 the red water in  sheep.
       For the Itch, or Scab in  Sheep.
   Take a small  quantity of the herb bears-
 foot ; with the root of camelion noir, which
 is the great thistle that has  milk in it; boil
 them together, and wash the scabby places
 therewith, and it will certainly cure them.
   A cure for the Staggers  in Lambs or
              young Sheep.
   Take of long pepper, liquorice, anniseeds,
 and hempseeds, of each a pennyworth:  beat
 all these together,  and mix  with it  some
 new milk and honey, and give each lamb or
 sheep two or three spoonfuls milk warm.—
 This should,  if  possible, be  done  in the
month of May.
Q 
 
OBSERVATIONS & RECEIPTS
                FOR THE

  CURE OF MOST COMMON DISTEMPERS,

              INCIDENT TO

           HOGS-

    THE hog is a  hurtful and spoiling
beast, stout,  hardy,  and  troublesome to
rule ; however, he is a very profitable crea-
ture, where they have convenience to keep
him, such as in farms where there are large
dairies, it is necessary, that to each cow there
should be a hog for the offals of the dairy ;
such as skimmed milk, or flit milk, butter-
milk,  whey, and the washings of the dairy,
which will afford  them food sufficient  to
nourish them ; and as there needs no more
to be  said concerning swine, we shall now
treat of their diseases, and the cure of them,
#'■ • 
 184        RECEIPTS FOR THE
  Rules to know when Swine are in Health.
   All swine in health curl their  tails, for
 which reason the best swine-heards  will by
 no means suffer them to be blooded in that
 part; but in the ears, and about  the neck,
 when bleeding  is necessary.   They  are ve-
 ry subject to fevers,  which they  shew7 by
 hanging their heads, and  turning them on
 one side, running on a sudden, and stopping
 short, which is commonly, if not always, at-
 tended with a  giddiness,  which  occasions
 them to drop, and die, if not timely prevent-
 ed.  When you observe this distemper up-
 on them, you must  strictly regard which
 side their head  turns to, and bleed them in
the ear, ot in the neck, on the contrary side
Some would advise to bleed them likewise
under the tail, about two inches belowr the
rump.  It is very certain that this giddiness,
or, as some call it,  staggers, in a  hog, pro-
ceeds from an over-quantity of blood, and
by bleeding them in time  they will certain-
ly recover.
  In bleeding of hogs near the  tail, you may 
CURE OF HOGS.
185
observe a large vein to rise above the rest.
The old farmers used to beat this vein with
a little stick, in order to  make it rise or
swell.   Open  this  vein  lengthways with
your fleam, or fine penknife ; and after tak-
ing away a sufficient quantity of blood, such
as ten ounces from a hog  of about fourteen
stone, or fifteen or  sixteen from a hog  ot
ffve-and-twenty and upwards, bind up  the
orifice either with bast, taken from a fresh
mat, or with a slip taken from the inuer bark
of the lime tree, or the inner bark of a wil-
low, or the elm.  After bleeding, keep inem
in the house for a day or two,  giving them
barley meal, mixed  with  warm water, and
allowing them to drink nothing but what is
warm, water chiefly, without any  mixture.
In the paste made with barley  meal, some
of the most curious swine-herds  will give
about half an ounce a-day of the bark of oak
ground fine.
         OJ the Quinsey in Swine.
  This is a distemper which swine are very
subject to, and will  prevent their feeding, 
136        RECEIPTS FOR THE
and frequently happens when they are halt
fatted: so that we have known after five or
six weeks putting up, that they have eaten
near ten bushels of pease, three or four days
of this distemper has reduced them to as
great poverty in flesh as they were in before
they were put up to feed.   This distemper
is a swelling in the throat, and is remedied
by bleeding a little above the shoulders, or
behind the  shoulders.  But the method
which we take to be the most certain, is to
bleed them under the tongue, though some
pretend that settering is the most certain
method of  cure.  However, any  of these
methods  will do.
   Of the Kernel in Swine, and the Cure.
  The distemper called the kernels, is like-
wise a swelling in the throat: the remedy
for which is bleeding them under the tongue,
and rubbing theirmouths after bleeding with
salt and wheat  flour, finely beaten and well
mixed together.  If a sow happens to be
with pig, and has  this distemper upon her, 
CURE OF  HOCS.
107
give her the roots of the common field nar-
cissus, or yellow daffodil.

Loathing of Meal in Swine, or their  dis*
  charging it involuntarily by Vomit, and
               the Remedy.

  Wrhen swine discharge their meat by vom-
it, their stomachs may be corrected by giv-
ing them the raspings of ivory or hart's-horn
dried in a pan with salt, which must be mix-
ed with their meat, which should be chiefly
ground beans, or  ground  acorns ; or,  for
want of these, bailey indifferentlyN broken
in the mill, and scalded with the above in-
gredients.   Madder is likewise  good to be
given them on  this occasion,  mixed  with
their meat.  This distemper however is not
mortal, but has  the  ill effect  of reducing
swine in their flesh.  It certainly prevents
the distemper called the  blood in swine, or
the gargut, as some call it, which generally
proceed from their  eating too much fresh
grass when they are first turned abroad in
the spring. 
18g
RECIPTS  FOR THE
     Of the Gargut, or Blood, in Swine.
   This distemper, among country people, is
 always esteemed  mortal.  Some call it a
 madness in swine.  It shews itself most like
 the fever in  swine, by  staggering in their
 gait, and loathing their meat.   In the fever,
 however, they will eat freely till the very
 time they drop ;  put in this, their stomach
 will fall off a day or two before thestagger-
 iug or giddiness appears. The cure for which
 is, to bleed the hog, as soon as you perceive
 him attacked with the distemper, under  the
 ears and under the tail, according to the o-
pinion  of some.  To make him bleed free-
ly, beat him with a small wand where the in-
cisions were made :  though it is seldom in
this distemper that the blood does not come
freely enough from the vein, if it be rightly
opened.  Alter bleeding, keep the  hog in
the house, give  him  barley meal in warm
whey, in which mixture give him madder,
or red  oker powdered, or bole.
          Of the Spleen in Swine.
  As swine are insatiable creatures, they 
(Fl.RE OF HOGc,           189
 ire frequently troubled \Mi  abundance of
 the sp]je;i ;  the  remedy for  which  is to
 give them some twigs of tamarisk boiled or
 infused in water ; or if some of the small ten-
 der twigs of tamarisk, fresh gathered,  were
 to be chopped small and given them in their
 meat, it would greatly1- assist them : for the
juice and every part of this wood, is of ex-
 traordinary  benefit to swine in  most cases,
 but in this distemper especially.
    Of the Choler in Hogs, the Remedy.
   The distemper called the choler, in swine,
 shews itself  by the hog's losing its flesh, for-
 saking its meat, and being more  inclined to
 sleep than ordinary, even refusing the fresh
 food of the  field, and  falling into a  deep
 sleep as soon as he enters it.  It is common,
 in this distemper, for a  hog to sleep  more
 than three  parts  in  four  of its time ; and
 consequently he cannot eat  as  nature re-
 quires him sufficiently for  his norishment.
 This is what one may call a lethargy, for he
 is no sooner asleep but he  seems dead, not
being sensible or moving  though you beat 
TOO        RECEIPTS FOR THE
him with the gravest violence, till of  his
own accord he recovers.
   The most certain and approved remedy
for it is the root of the cucumis  silvestries,
or wild cucumber, as some call it, stamped
and strained with water, given them to drink.
This will immediately cause them to vomit,
and soon after to become lively  and leave
their drowsiness.  When the  stomach  is
thus discharged, give them horse beans, sof-
tened in pork brine, if possible ; or, for want
©f that, in  beef brine, or in fresh human
urine, from some  healthful person ; or else
acorns that have been infused a day or twro
in common water and  salt, about a fortieth
part of salt to the  water.
   It wTould be  necessary to  keep them in
the house during the time of the operation,
and not to suffer them to go out till the mid-
dle of the next day, first giving them a £<*>d
feed of barley meal, mixed with  water
wherein a little oak bark has  been infused
three or four hours.
   Of the Pe tilcnce, or Plague in Swine.   •
  This distempei is judged to be infections, 
CURE OF  HOGS.
191
 and therefore all swine that are taken with
 it, must immediately be separated from the
 herd, and put into some house where none
 but the infected may come.  In this, as well
 as in all other cases where swine are distem-
 pered, let them have  clean  straw: give
 them when they are thus attacked,  about a
 pint of good white wine, or rasins  wherein
 some of the roots of the polypody of the
 oak have been  boiled,  and wherein  about
 ten or twelve bruised berries  of ivy have
 been infused.  This medicine will purge
 them, and, by correcting their stomachs will
 discharge the distemper.
  If, after the first, another hog should be
 seized with the same illness, let the house or
 sty be cleaned  well from the straw and
dung of the first distempered hog.  At the
 first of his entrance give him some  bund es
 oi wormwood, fresh gathered, for him to feed
 on at his  pleasure ; observing every  tin.e
that you have occasion to  bring in  new-cis-
tern pe red swine, to  give them ch  m litter
and clean houses.
  The polypody of the oak in white  wine, 
 192        RECEIPTS FOR THE
 as above directed, is likewise an approved
 remedy for the distemper mentioned above,
 called the Choler.
            Of Measled Swine.
  Swine,  when they are  troubled with this
 distemper, will have a  much hoarser voice
 than usual, their tongues will be pale, and
 their skin  will be thick set with blisters, a-
 bout the bigness of pease.  As this distem-
 per is natural to swine, the ancients a'vise,
 that you give them their meat out of leaden
 troughs byT way of prevention.   It is also a
 common practice, where this distemper pre-
 vails (for it is in some sort pestilential,)  to
 give the hog an infusion of briony root and
 cummin water every morning in their first
 feed, by way of precaution.   But the most
 sure wray U to prepare the following medi-
cine, viz.
  Sulphur, half a pound ; allum  three oun-
 ces ;  bay  berries,  three quarters of a pint;
 soot, two ounces.   Beat these all together,
 tie them in a linen cloth, and lay them in the
 water which you give them to  drink, stir-
 ring them first in the water. 
CURE  OF  HOGS.            193
   Of the Distemper in the Lungs of Swine, and its
                        Cure.
   Swine, as they are of a hot nature, are subject  to a
 distemper which is called the thirst, or  lungs, accord-
 iog to some farmers.   This is  what we design to treat
 of, as it is a distemper proceeding purely from  want of
 water, and what they are never subject to but in  the
 summer time, or where water is wanting.  It is frequent-
 ly to the farmers's expence very  greatly, when swine
 are put up to be fatted, that there is not due care to give
 them water enough ;  theD they surely pine, and lose the
 benefit  of their meat.  The remedy  for this is  to give
 them water fresh and frequently, otherwise it will bring
 them to have an over-heat in their liver, which will oc-
 casion this distemper, which the farmers generally terra
 the lungs ;  to cure which, pierce both ears of the hog
 and put into each orifice a leaf and stalk, a little bruis-
 ed, of the black  hellebore.
                Of the Gall in Swine.
   This distemper never happens  but for want of appe-
 tite, and where the stomach is too cold to digest, as some
 authors say.   Generally, as far as our experience teach.
 es us, it happens to those swine which are  confined in
 nasty p*us, and arc neglected and starved in their food.
 The cure of ♦his distemper is to give  them  the juice of
 cole wort or cat bage leaves,  with  saffron mixed, with
honey arid water about a pint.
  This  distemper shews itself by a swelling that appear*
under the jaw.
                       R 
J 94          RECEIPTS FOR  THE
                Of the Pox in Swine.
   This distemper is remarkable in such swine as have
wanted necessary subsistence, and  more particularly in
such as have wanted water.   Some have  thought it to
proceed from a venereal cause, whereby the blood has
been corrupted.   It appears in many  sores  upon  the
body orHhe creature, and whatever boar or  sow  hap-
pens to be infected with it,  will never  thrive,  though
you give them the best of meat.   The  cure  is to  give
them inwardly about two large spoonfuls of treacle, in
water that has first been made indifferentty sweet  with
honey, about a pint at a time, anointing the sores with
flower of brimstone well mixed with hog's lard: to which
you may add a'small quantity of tobacco  dust. While you
give the preparation  of treacle inwardly, the swine  thus
infected  should  be  kept in the house, and quite  free
from the rest of the herd, till they  are cured.

Mr. M. T. of Surry, his Remedy for  the Swelling un-
                   der the Throat.

   This distemper appears  somewhat like the  swelling
of the kernels, or wha. the ordinary farmers  call the
kernels in swine.  The most immediate remedy is to
open the swollen parts, when they are ripe for that  pur-
pose, with a fine penknife, or lancet,  taking care that it
is not in the least rusty ; and there will issue from thence
a great quantity of fetid matter of a yellow or greenish
colour.  Wash  then the  part with fresh  human urine,
and dress the  wound with hog's lard. 
CURE  OF  HOG^.
195
  A Cure for //if  bite of a Vipzr, or mad  Dog  in
                       Swi)ie.
  The signs of madness in hogs, which  proceeds  from
the bites of vipers, slow-worms, or mad dogs,  are nearly
the same ; viz. an hog, on this occasion,  will paw with
his  feet, foam at his mouth, and champ or gnash  with
his jaws, start suddenly, and jump upon  all four at  in-
tervals.  Some of the country people have mistaken this
distemper for the fever in swine ;  others have mistaken
it for the staggers:  but in neither of these do the swine
paw with  their feet, the  venomous  bites  alone giving
them that direction,   The most immediate cure  or rem-
edy for such bitings, if yon can  judge of their disaster
presently  alter they are bit, is to wash the wound with
vrarm human  urine,  or warm vinegar ;  or for want of
either, with  common water and  salt,  warmed, the quan-
tity of salt one fortieth part to the water, and then sear-
in" orburin^ the wound with a red hot iron.
  It isneccc«ary, at  the same time,  to setter the hog in
the ear, with th common hellebore.
  It is convenient, when swine  lave been thus bitten, to
give them the following medicine :
  Take of rue, tin. smaller centaury, box,  St. John's
wort, of each two 'handfuls; vervain, a  handful ;  these
herbs should be boiled in four gallons of  small beer,  be-
ing tied up in bunches.
  When you imagine that  this decoction is strong e-
uou°h. or has received the virtue of the herbs, pass the li-
quor through a sieve, or strain it through a coarse cloth; 
196
RECEIPTS  FOR THE
then add to it about a gallon  of water, or as much as
will make good the deficiency of the water boiled away:
add to this about two pounds of flower of sulphur, and
about a pound of madder finely beaten, and  as much of
coriander-seeds not beat; of aniseeds about three quar-
ters of a pound, and fine oyster shell  powder well pre-
pared, or, in  lieu of that, the  powder of crab claws, or
lobster claws, about six ounces.  This medicine will be
enough for five-and-twenty hogs.
Of the Tremor, or Shaking in Swine, Its Cure; from
            C.  G. Esq. cf Hertfordshire.
   Take hyssop and mallows, in stalks, and leaves, about
a handful of each ; boil them in three pints  of milk till
the virtue of the herbs lias sufficiently got into it; then
pass the liquor through a sieve, or strain it, to be free
from the herbs ; adding then  of madder, two spoonfuls
and about an ounce of liquorice sliced, with as much an-
niseeds.  Give it two mornings together.

Mr. Tyson of Warwickshire,  his Raneelyfor the Stag-
                   gers in a Hog.
   This distemper is to be cured two ways, viz. either by
a draught prepared of flower of sulphur and  madder,
ground or  powdered, about an ounce of each boiled in
new milk, and given at twice to the hog fasting in the
rooming, two days following, if you  take the  distemper
in the beginning: or else, when it has already  se:zed his
head  with violence, use the following preparation.
   Take of the common house-leak,  and rue, of each a 
CURE  OF  HOGS.
197
like quantity ; to which add bay salt, enough to make
their juices very pungent, when they are bruised togeth-
er, which should be done in a  stone or marble mortar,
with a wooden pestle ; when these  are well stamped and
mixed together, add a large  spoonful  of the strongest
vinegar you can get, and put the mixture into the ears
of the hog, stopping them both  close with tow, wool, or
cotton, so that it may remain in a day and a night. This,
if the hog is not  far gone, will recover him ; but if he
is not quite well, the same must be repeated a second
time ; and as soon as  the  mixture is taken  out  of his
ears, stop them with sheeps wool, or with cotton or tow
that has been greased a little with oil of almonds ; for
this will prevent  his taking cold.
Of the Murrain,  and Measles, in Swine; the Remedy,
   from a curious Gentleman of Northamptonshire.
  Although we have already mentioned  this disteoiDer5
and its cure, give us leave yet to insert another remedy,
which has been highly commended.
  Take of the flower of sulphur, half an ounce, and as
much madder powdered or ground, as it comes over ;
liquorice sliced, about a quarter of an ounce ; and anni-
seeds the same quantity ; to this put a spoonful of wheat
flour, and mix it in new milk, to give the hog in a morn-
ing fasting ; repeat this medicine twice or thrice.
  If a hog has eat any  ill  herbs, such as henbane, or
hemlock; to cure  the same, give him to drink the juice
of cucumbers made warm, which will cause him to vom-
it, and so cleanse his stomach that he will soon recover. 
198
RECEIPTS FOR TKF
                  Sows with Pig.
   Great care should be taken of the sows  when they
are with pig, and to shut them up in the sty for fear of
accidents,  but you should not put two together, because
they will lie upon one another, and so hurt themselves ;
let them farrow in  the sty, otherwise they will often cast
their pigs, which is a great loss to the keeper.
          Gelding Pigs, and spaying Sows.

   The boar pigs ought to  be  gelded when they  are
about six months old; for then they begin to wear strong
in heat, and will make the stronger bogs.
   Sows should not be spayed till they are three or four
years old : to do which, cut  thero in the mid flank, two
fingers broad, with a sharp  penknife, and take out the
bag of birth and cut it off, and so stich up the  wound
again, and anoint it, & keep her in  a warm  sty for two
or three days ;  then let  her out, and she will soon grow
fat.
                  Gelding of Hogs.
   Id the spring, and after Michaelmas, are the two best
seasons  to geld youi  hogs: to  do which, cut a  cross
slit in the middle of each stone, then pull them  gently
out, and anoint the wound with tar.
             To feed a Hog for Lard.
   Let him lie on thick  planks,  or a stone pavement j
feed him with barley and pease, but no  beans, and let
him drink the tappings or  washings of hogsheads; but 
                 OURE  OF  HOG?.             109
                                               >
 or a change give him  some sodden  barley,  and in a
short time he will begin to glut; therefore, about  once
in ten days, give him a haudful  of crabs.  Make him
drunk now and then, and he will fatten the better.  Af-
ter a month's feeding, give him dough made of barley
meal for »b .ut five weeks, without any  drink c* other
moisture ; by  which time he will be fat enough for us*.
            A Bath for  the Swings Pox.
  This  is a distemper that often proves of wry  ill con-
sequence,  because one  infects  another  ; it  generally
proceeds from lice in their skin, or poverty ;  and flioy
will never thrive  while they are troubled with it. ' The
cure for which is this :
  Take yarrow, plantain, primrose leaves, briar leaves,
old oaken leaves, water br tony, of each two  handfuls;
boil them in two  gallons  of running water till they are
all tender, and then wash your hogs therewith ;  and in
twice or thrice using, it will dry them up.
                 Against  Vomiting.
  When you perceive your hog to cast or vomit, you
may be  sure his stomach is not well; and  therefore give
him some shavings of ivory mixed with  a little dried
beaten salt.   Also beat his beans small, and put them in
the trough with his other meat, that he may feed there-
on before he goes to the field. 
            ADDEND A.

  The following is the cure for the HEAVES in hor-
ses, promised in the prospectus for publishing the fore-
going work.  The reason of its not being in its proper
place is, that the gentleman who had promised it  to the
publisher had removed in!o  the western parts of this
State,  and it was impossible to obtain it from him, till the
printing of the book had progressed tints far.  We had
indeed almost abandoned the hope of obtaining it  at all,
without the sacrifice of stopping the press until it could
be procured, at any  expence.   It was  received in a
letter dated September 4, 1815, as follows :
    " Receipt for the Cure  of the Heaves.
   " Take  half a pound  of good Ginger,
(Ginger  is very often adulterated by a  mix-
ture of Indian meal,) put two spoonfulls of
it into a  mash of scalded  wheat  bran, and
feed  the  same twice a day till the cure  is ef-
fected, which, in nine cases in ten, will take
place in ten or fifteen days—Bleedin^and a
nitrous solution, (half an ounce to a drench)
will accelerate the cure.
  " JS". B. The above recipe (simple as it may  appear)
has o/ten been sold  for  $5.—Surprising  cures have
effected. 
AGE
                  J  X D E  X.              M

       id vice to the Purchasers of Horses.  '^^
                                             Page.
           . -                                   14
 Anlicor or Ar.iicow     -      -       -       -    22
 Barbs, Breast       -      -       .      .      21
 B3iv-l,-g^id    -       -      -   .,,  .       .    31
 Beck a:u! Buy     -       -       ..       .       33
 Countenance     -      -      -                 ]g
 Circltd Feet       -       -      -      .        29
 Curb   .             -      .       .       -     37
' Canli c or Gallcp                                40
 %«    ---.-.    8
 Forg-ew^                                       39
 Glanders       -       -      .       -   13, 85, 114
 Giggs upon the lips.   Gag teeth   -      -       21*
 Hoofs    ...           .          29
 f&tfrf         ...           „      3 j
 Lampas    -              -                     21
 Legs and Thighs    -.       -      -       -    23
 Mcrfoundering           -       .       .        13
 Mara           -                              32
 Nostrils    -       -           -      .        ]4
 iWcA:    -                                     32
 Osselets    -       -       -       -       -      25
 Pastern,      -                                28
 Pole-ciil    -                                  32
i?a/\? T&7    --..              37
Stable, observations there        ...      0
Strangles     -            -       -              j]
Splents         -      -      -       -          21
Shoulders         -      -       -       -        32
Spavins      -       -      -       -      -    35
fFa^ a««? Troi wi /ian«f         -       .       -  38
Walk and Trot mounted           -      -       40
Tottering  legs    -      •      -      .        4!
rivfcs.  Windgalls            -      .        13  2o
        RECEIPTS FOR THE CURE OF  HORSES.
Examine a horse carefully before  you  bargain fr him
                                          45 to 51 
                     INDEX.

  urnip poultice.  Horse ointment                  52
Balls for swelled and cracked heels,  mallander and scl-
     lenelcr.     ...       -       54, 55
Anniseed cordial.  Balls to stop feet      -  .   -    5G
Remedy for shoulder slip.   Cure for hip shot        56
To cure a clap in the back sinews.  A caution to prevent
     the taking a clap in the  back sinews for a shoid-
     dcr slip                                   58, 59
Liquid for a film over the eyes                     63
For faintness.  For, the gripes                     65
Worms or botts.  Staggers                    67,113
Purge for a horse just taken from grass           68
To prevent the hard working of a purge            70
Balls for br< ken winded horses,  oppression  or difficulty
     of breathing     ...            72
The true and only use of rowels.   A description of the
    farcy.    The Glanders                        73
Clyster for a fever.   Bleeding                     74
Docking a  horse                                 70
Grease, surf its, loss of appetite, cough, &c. Mange, cos-
     tive, scouring, pestiludial fever, water for infiamed
     eyes       -                                 78
To cure, the feircy         -       -          -      79
Another for diii..   Pe^-nil and swelled neck.  Cordial
     balls, gangrene and inor'ifiwdu-n              81
Strangles.   Plod <pn in.   Quiu r.   Humours  in the
     eyes.  H'■''■! in the  mouth                •     82
Grease.    Canker.    Brlch s  or  impos'humations.
     Wounds.   T,ax or flux                    83, 84
Glanders, to carry thtm ff.  Slrnntruary.  Dropsy   85
Glanders, to  dissolve. Ditto,  to  bring  awa\i  afl.r oh r
     thinos have rotted them, and b rough i  than V   "-"/;-
     puration. Ointmcntfor a strum inthr coffinjnin? 8 7
A charge for the same.   Broken I g.   Running of the
     rt 'ns  .                                       89
Mad stngg. rs.  Quitter bow                   80, Q1
 To tetkr a rhi urn from the eyes.   A bitr or stroke in the
     eyes.  SwlLd eye-lids                        l>3
Splint.  Spavin.  Curb.  Dry husking ccugh  04,0o 
INDEX.
203
  Worst of colds. Blooely-fatx. Piss freely. Vives     06
  Megrim. Colt evil. Bladders in the mouth          97
  Blooely rifts in the palate.  Chords              93,99
  To make diapente.   For a strain                 10^   *
  Pissing ofblocd.   Pain in the kidniesor slcne. Spleen.
       Ordering  mares after foaling           101, 102
  For a mare after foaling.  Ordering a colt afte r wean ing
                                                 102
  To provoke lust in mares. Cholic. Ears       104,105
  Cramps or convidsions                           10G
  Imposthume in the ears.  Feeble and faint, colelncss or
       shivering                              ]08, 109
  For  the yellows       -                         \\§
  Simptans of the Heaves, and yellow water          111
  Cure for the yellow water                       ] i 2
  Cure for strain                                 \ \ 5
  Shoeing Horses                                 119
  Cure for the Heaves                         112, 200
     Receipt for  the Cure of Oxen, Cows and Calves.
  Examine before you buy                         129
  A general drink for  cattle out of order.   Murrain or
       plague.  Loss of appetite                130, 131
  Back strained or running                       132
  Tail.  Flux, lax,  or scour                       133
  Cough    -       -    -     •-                135
  Ft exr.   Steppage  of urine                       133
  Kibe.   Yellows.  Lungs                        140
^ Hide bound or gargvt.   Gargyse                 142
  Lowr, cr lose the  cud                           144
  Glut bound.  Galled.  Scab                     145
 .Husk.  Bloody scour or flux                     I47
 • Imposthumr   Sinew  -drain.  Inflammation in  the  •   ,
       Lungs.   Sore or wound            148,149,15^^
  Swelling   Old wound or sore                    151  ".^'
  Ointment jer et gr-er wound.   Ofthehaw        152  \
  Bite cf a mad d<g, viper, or slow-worm.   Failing diwn  '■'
       of -.h- palute                            154,155
  Bruises, lameness.  Shoulder pitched, cr cup bpran?.__
       Shrew-bitten.                              ri55 
204
INDEX.
 Salve for a wound by a stubb or thorn.  Bonebrokcn or
     misplaced.   Purge.   Breeding oj milk       155
 Rot.   Swollen cods.  Pissing blood          158,159
 Another for the same.   Blain.   Red water       160
 Strains in calving. Calf haulm swollen. Cannot clean 161
 Swelled  or snarled  bags.   Calf  that  scoureth. Feed
 Calves while th y suck                           162
      Receipts tor the cure of Sheep and Lambs.
 Before you buy take care  that they be all in good health,
     and buy no more than your grass will feed.  Tar
    for the ray ■r scab                          163
 Broom-salve jer the ray or scab.  Hoivtouseit    164
 Skit or looseness.  Rot                          168
 Ticks.   Worm in the feet. Cough           170, 171
 Horse  leech,  or venomous herb.   Murrain.   Red wa-
    ter                                        1 72
 Wildfire.  Sore eyes                             174
 Tag or belt,   Measles.   Blood               175, 176
 Wood-evil.  Dartars.  Loose teeth            177,178
 Take care  of you.- lambs after  yeaning.   Cutting cr
    gt iding of lambs                           179
 Flowng  of the gall.  Itch or Scab.   Stagger in lambs
    or young shfp                            181
           Receipts for the  Cure of Hogs.
Do not buy more than is necessary.  To know when  in
    health.                                    183
Quinsey   Krncls.  Loathing of meat,      185,186
Gargut or blood.  Spleen                        188
Choler                   ■                     189*
Pestilence or plague                            1 go
Ofmeaslid swine.  Lungs                      192
Gall.   Pox                                   193
Swelling under the throat.  Bite of a viper or mad dog 194
Tremor or  shaking.  Siapserrs                  196
Murrain and mepsles.  Sows wi'h pig.  Geld,::? pigs,
    and spaying sens                      ;P7. 198
Gelding hogs.   Te Jcedhogs for lard.   Bath Jor /he
    swinepox.   Against  vomiting           19S, 199 
 
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