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NEW     NOMENCLATURE
CHEMISTRY,




                                     PROPOSED  BV



        Messrs.  DE  MORVEAU,  LAVOISIER,  BERTHOLLET and FOURCROY;
ADDITIONS  and IMPROVEMENTS.
    LYMAN  SPALDING, m. e.



Lecturer on Chemistry in Dartmouth University,
K    o.  -    M
     Am J
       HA N O VE R, (N. H.)  ,



printed  Bf  MOSES  DAVIS.




           M,DCC,XCIS. 
V
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4
 
                     TO THE STUDENTS OF CHEMISTRY AT DARTMOUTH COLLEGE.
  Gentlemen,
                                                                                             i
             JlN  chemical  pursuits, you are soon arrested by the  many difficulties  that arise
from the introduction of a new language,  and from the multiplicity of synonymous terms.
    Impressed with the importance of that branch of science which you arc purfuing ; and ardently
wifhing to forward your acquirement,  I  have  been  prevailed  upon so far  to  amend  and make
additions to the New Nomenclature  of Chemistry, as to adapt it to the present  state of
that science.
    This  sheet is inscribed, as a  guide to the young Chemist, by
                                                                    the AUTHOR. 
                EXPLANATION of the TABLE of CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE.
                                      ---->©>©<----
  Order I. Contains simple substances j  at the left hand you find the new name, at the light hand
in the same order, the ancient names corresponding to it, as septon base of nitric acid.
  In Order II. on the same line, you find this substance as it appears modified by heat, as  septous
gas.
  In Order III.  The simples are combined with a  small proportion of oxygen,  as geseous oxyd
of septon. v
  Order IV. Here it is combined with an additional quantity of oxygen, as septous gas.
  Order V. Combined with a greater proportion of oxygen than in the last order, as septic acid gas.
  In the Vlth Order, it has become an acid, as septous acid.
  In Order VII.  It has become an acid of the strongest degree, as septic acid. 
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 ORDER I.   Simple fubflancet, or fuch as have not hitherto
I   been deccmpofed, nor their component principles intimately
i   known.
NEW NAME.               ANCIENT NAME.

Light   Matter of light.

Caloric   Latent, elementary,inaitcr of beat or fire, igneout fluid.

Oxygen  The radical or bafe of oxygen gas, acidifying principle.

Hvdroren   5 The radical of hydrogen ga», the bafe of water.
  '    *"     ( Girtanner thinks this to bethebafeof marineacid.

Septon   The radical of feptic g»s and acid.

Sulphur  Brimftone. Flower of fulphur. Bafe of fulphuricacid.

Carbon   Pure coal, charccal, the bafe of carbonic gas.

Phofphorua  Kunkell'i phofphorus of urine.

Circone      S   ^tw eBrtn' difcovered by Klaproth.

Silix  Flint, filecioua earth,  vitrifiable earth, quartz.

Lime  Lime ftone, calcareous earth.

Barytcs   Ponderous earth.  Heavy fpar.

Magnefia  Bafe of Epfom fait, an earth.

Potafh  Fixed vegetable alkali, alkali of tartar.

Soda  Fixed mineral alkali, marine alkali.  Natron.

Ammoniac    Volatile alkali, coftic volatile alkali.

Mercury  Regulus of Mercury. Quick filver.

Manganefe  Regulut of Manganefe.

Antimony  Regulut of Antimony.

Arfenic  Regulus of Arfenic.

Cobalt   Regulus  of Cobalt.

Zinc   Regulus of Zinc.

Bifmuth  Regulut of Bifmuth.

Nickel   Regulus  of Nickel.

Molybdena  Regulus of Molybdena.

Tungften and Wolfram  Regulus of Tungfl.cn and Wolfram'.

Strontites A new metal difcovered by Dr. Hope.

Uranite   A new metal difcovered by Klaproth.

Iron     Regulut  of Iron.

Tin     Regulus of Tin.

Silver    Regulut of Silver.

Lead     Regulus of Lead.

Copper     Regulus cf Copper.

Gold     Regulua of Cold.

P.'stina    Ragulus cf  Plalina.
ORDER II.  Simples fo modified by caloric as to appear in
           a permanent criform, or gafeous Hate.
NEW NAME.
ANCIENT NAME.
n          < Vital, empyreal, dephlogifticated, or  highly ref-
Oxygen gas ^     pirab^e7 airj lir of fire.

Hydrogen gat  Inflammable air. Phlogiftonof Kirwan.

„          < Azotic gas, nitrogen  gas, phlogifticated or foul
Septous gas }  ^ ^Aot?heticai mephitis.
ORDER II!.   Simples combined with a fmall proportion of
  oxygen, forming the firtt degree of oxygioation, or oxyds of
  the firft fpeciet, which are either grey, brown or black.
NEW  NAME.
ANCIENT NAME.
Ammoniacal gas   Alkaline air, or gas.  Volatile alkaline air.
Water                 Water.

Gafeous oxyd of Septon  Oxyd of azote, or nitrogen.
Black oxyd of Mercery  .tthiopt per fe.




Grey oxyd of Antimony  Torrified ore of Antimony.

Black oxyd of Arfenic

Grey oxyd of Cobalt   Grey calx of cob;!:.

Grey oxyd of Zinc  Ore of Zinc.

Grey oxyd of bifmuth   Ore of bifmuth.

Oxyd of Nickel    Calx of Nickel—

Black oxyd of Molybdena  Ore of Molybdena.


Black oxyd of Strontites  Ore of Strontites.
Black  ?0»v^«r;,,„  S Martial vEthiopj, fin
Brown J "^ •'»«»■  \ Aftringent faffron of

Grey oxyd of Tin    Putty of Tin.

Grey oxyd of Silver  Calx of Silver.

Half vitrified oxyd of lead  Litharge auri

Green oxyd of copper  Ruft of copper.
nery ciadcx.
 Mart. 
Order IV.  Simples combined  with oxygen,
  in the fecond degree of oxygination, yielding
  oxyds of the fecond  fpecies, yellow or red.
Niw Names.    Ancient Names.
Muriatic acid gjs   Marine acid air.

Septous gas      Nitrous air.


Sulphurous acid gas  Vitriolic acid air.

Carbonic acid gas    Fixed air.
Yellow oxyd )  t ..       ( Turpith Mineral.
Red oxyd'  \ of Mcrcury \ RcdPprecipit,:e.
Oxyd of Zinc    Calamine done. Foflil cadmia.

Yellow oxyd of bifmuth  Calx of bifmuth.
Yellow oxyd of tungften  Ore of tungften.
Yeltow oxyd )   . .___  ( Ochre.
Red oxyd   J oMron  }Colcotbar.
Yellow oxyd >  . ,   , < Mafficot.
Red oxyd   > 0> leia { Minium, red lead.
Blue oxyd of copper   Oie of copper.

Purp'c oxyd o/ gold   Purple of Caflius.
Order V.  Simples combined with oxygen, in
  the third  degree of oxygination, or oxyds of
  tbe third fpecies, which are white or glaffy.
New Name.    Ancient Name.
Oxyg. muiiatic acid gas Dephlogift. marine acid air

Septic acid* gas    Nitrous acid air.
Order VI.  Simples combined with oxygen,
  in the fourth degree of oxygination ; or oxygi-
  nated oxydt, making acidt of the firfi clafs that
  terminate in out, except Muriatic.
New Name.
Ancient Name.
Fluoric acid gat  Spathic acid air" Bafe unknown
White or glaffy oxyd of   Calx, cr vitreou* oxyd
    Manganefe
While or glaffy oxyd of
    Antimony
White or glaffy oxyd of
      arfenic
Glaffy oxyd of cobalt
    of Manganefe
 Snow, flowers & glafi
     of antimony.
  Flow i ri of arfenic.
     Rai's bane.
Azure, fmalt.
Sublimated oxyd of zinc  Philofophic wool. Pom
                       pholix. Flowers of zinc.
White & glaffy oxyd of bifmuth  Bifmuth flowers
White oxyd of Tungften  Ore of tungften.








Sublimated oxy d of tin  Flowers of tin.



White oxyd of lead  White lead, cerufe.
Muriatic acid   Marine acid, fpirit of fea fait.

Septout acid
Order VII.  Simples combined with oxygen,
  forming the fifth degree of oxygination, yield-
  ing acids of the fecond clafs, ending in j'c, as
  feptic, except the oxyginated muriatic acid.
New Name.
Ancient Name.
Oxyginated muriatic   Dephlogifticated, fuper, or
            acid     hyper, oxygi. marine acid.
Septic acid           Nitric, pale nitric acid.
               Nitric acid. Fuming fpt. of nitre.
                           Aqua fortis.
Sulphureous acid  Sulphureous acid, weak acid of Sulphuric acid   Oil, or acid of vitriol
                                  vitriol.
                                             Carbonic acid    Cretaceous acid.

Phofphorous acid  Fuming, or volatile phofphoric Phofphoric acid  Acid of Phofphorut.
                                acid.                                     .
Septo-Muriatous acid-Bafe, hydrogen and fepton. Septo-muriatic acid  Aqua Regia.
Fluoric acid     Acid of fluor fpar.
 Mercuric acid.

 hianganic ----

 Antimcnic —

 Arfeniac-----

 Ccb.Mc----

 Zir.cic ——

 Bifmuthic—«

 Nickolic----

 Molybdlc  ---

 Tungftic----




 Uracil !c —

 Ferric----

 Stannic .

 Argentic----

 Plumbic----
i
| Cupric----
l
I Auric ——
I

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ADDENDA to ORDERS VI. & VII.
cioe fol-jrxing acids have compound bases.
Base or Radical.   Name.
 Carbon
   and
Hydrogen.
Unknown-
Oxalic
Tartarus
Pyrocartarus
Citric
Malic
Pyrolignus
Pyromucus
Acetous
Acetic
-Boracic
 From what obtained.

Sorrel.  Sugar.
Tartar.
Tartar.
Lemons.
Apples.
Wood.
Mucus.
Vinegar.
Vinegar.
 Borax.
Base or Radical.
Name.
From what ob'ained.
  Hydrogen,
 Carbon and
 fome other
 fubffances.
Septon in the
   Prussic.
                Gallic      Nutgalls.
                Prussic     Prussian blue.
                Benzoic     Gum Benjamin.
             <(  Succinic    Sal. Succini.
                Camphoric  Gum Camphor.
                Lactic      Milk.
              ^Saccholadic Sugar of Milk.
r,  ,     TT ,       rBombic Silk-worm.
Cap,°nr' ">'dr°S(0n' j Formic Ants.
  Phofphorus and < Sebacic F^
Septon.
[_Lithic  Urine.
Order VIII. Combinations of oxyds with various substances.
New Name.
Red septuret of mercury

White septuret of bismuth
Sulphuret of hydrogen
------•  —r  potash
■-----■  —  soda
------■  —  ammoniac

             Barytes
Black fulphuret of mercury
Red------
Grey —---
antimony
Red —
Yellow
Vitreous------
St mi-vitreous —
Bi j wn- vitreous
  Ancient Name.

 Red precipitate by the
        (septic acid.
 Majeltrey of bismuth.
 Hepatic air.
 Liver of sulphur.
 Liver of sulphur.
 Liver of sulphur,
 (smoakingliq. Boyle.
 Terra-ponderosa.
 ^Erhiops mineral.
 Cinnabar.
 Silver or grey calx of
         (antimony.
 Kermes mineral.
 Goiden sulphur of an-
           (timony.
 Glass of antimony.
 Saffron of metals.
■ Rubine of antimony.
   New Name.                Akcient Name.
Yellow sulphuret of arsenic Orpimenr.
Red    ----  —  ----   Realgar. Red arsenic.
Sulphuret of zinc,8 species Ores of zinc. Blende.
Grey sulphuret of bismuth Ore of bismuth.
     ----■   —  Nickel   Ore of Nickel.
    ---- -  Molybdena  Pre.  Potelot.
    ------Iron         Pyrites.
  ---silver.sevcral species Ores of silver.
  ----leads.everal specie3  Galena, &t.
      coppers,everal species Copper ore.
Carburet of hydrogen

Corburet of iron
Phosphuret of hydrogen
--------  —  iron
 Heavy  inharri;  ible
 (air. Hvdrocarboriate,
Plumbago. D'!ack L-ud.
Phosphorated  lv. c  jg.
Syderite.
Alkaline oxyd of antimony Rotrou's solvent.
Muriated oxyd of----    Powder of algorath.
Potashed oxyd of arsenic   Liver of arsenic.
Grey oxyd of cobalt with silex Zaffre.
Ammoniacal oxyd of copper  Ens veneris. 
Order IX. Salifiable bases combined with acids of the firft class, making secondary or neutral salts, which have their
                    termination in tie, except muriates, ranked in the order of affinity.

                                                                               New Name.
  New Name.

Muriate
Muriate of potash
-------of soda
-------  of lime
-----  ofammoniac
-----    of lead
■-----    of tin
-----   of mercury
Ancient Name.
Sept/te
Tartr/te             Salt  formed by the tartarous
                                    (acid, &c.
Tartrite, acidulous, Tartar.  Cryflals or cream of
  (of potash                           (tartar.
Tarti ite, antimonial, Stibiated, antimonial, or
of silver
Sulph/te

Sulphite of potash

  * We {ball Omit fuch falls
         Ancient Name,

 Salt formed by the combina-
   tion of the muriatic acid,
   with a falifiable base.*
 Febrifuge salt of Sylvius.
 Se'a salt.
 Oil of lime.
 Sal  Ammoniac.
 Horney lead.
 Liquor of Libavius.
 Sweet mercury.  Calomel.
              (Aquila Alba.
 Luna cornea.
 Salts formed by the combina-
 (tionof septousacid.with sali-
 (fiable bases.  Thefe were un-
 known to theolderChemifU.
 Salt  formed by the sulphu-
          reous acid, &c.
 Stahl's sulphureous  salt.
as were unknown to former Chemifls ; having this in recollection, (hat their name is always made ap of that of the
                     acid and salifiable bate.
     (of potash
Pyrotartr/A? "*)
P) rolign/'te    )>
P) romuc/te J
Acetite
                   (emetic tartar.
                Salts formed by the Pyrotar-
                tarus, pyrolignus, and pyro-
                mucus acids, &c.
                Salt formed by the combina-
                  tion of  the  acetous acid,
                  (with a salifiable base.
                Regenerated tartar.
                Coral.   Crabs-eyes.
---ammoniac  Spirit of Mindererus.
- — lead        Sugar and salt of lead.
---copper     Verdigris.
---mercury    Keyset's antivenereal pill.
Acetite of potash
----------lime
Ord ee. X. Salifiable bases combined with acids of the second class, making fecondary or neutral salts, which have their ter-
                              mination in at', tanked in the order of affinity.
    New Name.

Oxyginated muriate
Septate
        Ancient Name.

Silt formed by the combi-
 nation of the oxyginated
 (muriatic acid, with a sali-
 (liable base.
Salt formed by the combi-
 nation of the septic acid
 (with a salifiable base.
New Name.
Ancient Name.
Septate of potash     Saltpetre.  Nitrate or nitre
                                   (of potash.
----------soda      Cubic.  Rhomboidal nitre.
----------lime      Calcareous nitre.
----------magnesia  Nitrated magnesia.
■----------iron      Nitre of iron.
—■-------mercury  Mercurial nitre.
  ■  ■■   — silver     Lunar costic or cryflals.  In-
                                 ternal ftone. 
Order X. Continued.
Sulphate


Sulphate of Barytes

          potash
— soda
— lime
New Name.             Ancient Name.

                 Salt formed by the  combi-
                  nation of the sulphuric acid
                  with a salifiable base.
                 Ponderous spar.  Bologna
                                    (Hone.
                 Vitriolared tartar.   Sal  de
                       (duobus. Polychrest.
                 Glaubei's salt.
                 Gypsum.   Selenite.  PI after
                         (stone, or Paris.
 -----magnesia  Epsom salt.
 -----ammoniac Ammoniacal vitriol. Secret
                   (amm.  salt of Glauber.
 -----zinc       White vitriol or copperas.
 -----iron       Martial vitriol, green  cop-
                                  (peras.
 -----copper     Blue,  Roman arid  Cyprian
                                 (vitriol,
 ----• argile      Alum.
                 Salt formed by the combi-
                   nation   of the carbonic
                   (acid with a salifiable base.
                 Cretaceous, fixed salt  or
                            (aerated tartar.
     ■ soda       Aerated  mineral  alkali.—
                        (Cretaceous soda.
      ammoniac  Concre;e  volatile a'kali.
     - iime       Calcareous earths, &c. &c.
                 Salt formed  by the combi-
                  ( nation  of the phosphoric
                  (acid,with a salifiable base.
                 Earth of bones. Calcareous
                             (phosphate.
                 Native or  fusible salt  of
                                 (urine.
        mercury Rose precipitate of Lemery.
Carbonate
Carbonate of potash
Phospha;
Phosphate of lime

------------soda
   New Name.

Septo-muriate
Ancient Name.
                      The combination of septo-
                       (muriatic acid, with sali-
                       (fiable bases.
Fluate of lime.       Fluor spar.
Borate                Salt formed  by combina-
                       tions of the boracicacid.
Borate of soda       Borax. Tincail. Sedative sair,
Mercurate           Salts formed by  the  combi-
                    nation of the mercuric acid,
                    (&c. with different bases.—
                    (These genera of salts  have
                    (no name in the old Nomen-
                    clature.
Manganate.   Antimoniate.  Arseniate.  Cobaltate.
Zinza/c\   Bisrnuthate.    Nikolate.   Molybda/r.
Tunsta//.  Urinate. Fetratr.  Stannate.   AVgen-
                  Cuprale.  Aurate.  Platinate.
                  Salt formed  by the combina-
                   tion of the oxalic acid, with
                   (a  salifiable base.
                   Salt of sorrel.
                   Sale formed  by  the combina-
                    tion of citric  acid,  with
                    (different bases.
Malate            Salt formed by  the combina-
                    tion of  malic  acid,  with
                    (different bases.
                  Salt formed by gallic acid.&c.
                  Salt formed by prussic acid &i\
                  Prussian  blue.
                  Prussian alkali.
tate.  Plumbate,
Oxalate
Oxalate of potash'
Citrate
Gallate
Prussiate
Prussiare of iron
Poiashed prussiate
    of iron
Bcnzate
                  Salts formed  by the combina-
                    tion of  benzoic  acid, &c.
                    (with salifiable bases.
Succinate.  Omphora/V.   Ltd; ate.  Sjccholate.
Bombate.  Formate.   Scbate.  Lithate. 
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