t H £ 
[VOL. X.] 
[NUMB. 4S5] 
AMERICAN 
MERCURY. 
MONDAY 
OCTOBER 21, 1793. 
HARTFORD: Printed 
By ELISHA BABCOCK. 
r 
An ACCOUNT of the Origin, Symptoms and 
Treatment of the EPIDEMIC FEVER, which 
now prevails in the city of Philadelphia, in a Let- 
ter from Dr. BENJAMIN*RUSH, to Dr. 70 HN 
RODGERS, Phyficsan, in New-York. 
My Dear Friend, 
IN compliance with your re qua ft, I fet down at a 
late hour, and after a bafy day, to giva you a fhort 
account of the origin, fymotoms, and treatment of the 
fetter, which has orevailed with fo much mortality in 
cur city, for the laft fix week*. 
I ffa -all begin by obferving, that I have fatisfa&ory 
documents to prove, that the difeafa was generated 
in our city. To luppofis, bssaufe the yellow fever 
is an endemic of the Weft-Indies, and bee s ufe it fcl 
dom occurs in North-America, that it can exift a- 
mong us, only by importation, is as abfura as to fup- 
pole, that the hurricanes which are io common in the 
“Weft-Indies, and which occur here ors;y once in a© 
or 30 years, are all imported from that country. 
1 he difeafe attacks in a variety of ways, according 
to the habit and preiLfpofition of the patient, or the 
nature and force of the cx-titing caufr. It ibma'timcs 
comes on in the form of a ■ r ypdar quotidian or terti- 
an‘•—'■Marry' are indifpoiV0 for two or tr.fde days with 
head arh, and pains in me hack,Hdes, or bones,with- 
out much perceptible fever. B it in a majority, it 
attacks with chills, he ad-ah, iicknef or vomiting, 
and fevers pains in Hve limbs or k ck. The pulfe, in 
this Rate of the difeais, fine-, the 10th day o; Sapicm? 
bar, has generally been fuii and tenf-i the tongue 
whitifh and aoili— eyes rad—the pupils dilated— 
the urine high coloured—the thirft great, and the 
fkin hot and dry, 1 lit fe fymptoms remit every day, 
or every othey day, and tromgihc tertian type, which 
is its original and natural forth, a recovery or death, 
generally happens in acute cafes, or, 'ho 3d, 5'h, or 
7th days. It attacks all ages. E'ten young cnildren 
arc not exempted from it, but it is moil acute, and 
molt mortal in young perfons, between 14 and 25. 
Before the 10th of September. I found urorg pur- 
gee of calomel and jalap, alone, given on the firft day 
of the difeafe, fufficient to conquer it in molt cafe?.* 
They brought away large quantities of green, dark 
coloured, or black bile of a molt fee id and acrid na- 
ture. I ha pulfe, which in the w arm weather, was 
week and low, role with every evacuation. The 
fkin likewii 5 which remained dry under the moll 
powerful fudorifics, became moift under the ufe of 
thofs a£Uve remedies.' 
Sines tne 10th of oeptemb*r, I have found bleed- 
ing, in addition to the mrreuri 1 purges, to be riecef- 
fary ia nineteen cafes out of twenty. The pulfe — 
the appearance of the bluo t, «.he fpontaneous hasmor- 
>luges, and the weather ( xclufive of the ftima.us of 
the contagion) i.11 indicated Ur. ufe of the lancet. At 
firft I found the lofs of la or 12 ounces of blood fuf- 
ftcient to fob due the pulte, but i have bsen obliged, 
gradually, as the fraf >n advanced, o increale the 
quantity .to fixty, fisventy, and even eighty ounces, 
an i in mo.ft cafes with the happieft effefts. I have 
obfnrved the m ill fpeedy convalefcence, where tha 
bleeding has been moft profufe, ahd as a proof that it 
has not brren car'isd to cxcefs, I have 5 in no 
onsinftanc s, the lea ft incon vrnience to faceted it, 
I have bled in three cafes where I have l ien inci- 
pient petechhe, nnd in each cafe, with, fuccefs. I 
was warranted in this bold pra&ice, not only by the 
tenfion of the pulfe, but by a .precedent for it, which 
I rscollcftad in the works of Dr. De Haen, of Vi- 
enna, 
I bleed not only in the exacerbations of the fever,* 
but likewife in its it mi {lions hnd interiftiOions,where 
I find a low, fl>w, but corded pulfe. i. have recov- 
ered two patients with this ptiifo, in whom it beat 
lefj than 50 ftrokes in a nrvute. 
On every day of the dlfsnfij, after giving the tJi$r* 
Curial medicine, I preferibe a purge. € after oil— 
1 alts—creator tartar—fulphcr, and gliders, anfwer in 
moft cafes, but in fome, I have been obliged to have 
rscoui fe to calomel and gamboge in moderate dofes ft 
I was led to purge every day, not only by recolleQiing 
the advantages of that practice in th 1 yellew fever of 
1762, in carry big off the re-accumulated bile, but by 
oofsrving the difeafe in all cafes to attack a weak or 
pmvioufly difordsred part of the body. The purging 
creates an artificial weak p-Srt, which by inviting a 
determination of the fluids to the bowels, prevents 
thole eff ifions in the brain, ftomach, bowels,liver,and 
lungs, which bring on death. 
I have n nearly every cafs for the three la ft xveeks, 
rejifted baik, wine and laudanum in the firft ftage of 
the diforder, even though the moft perfeS: intermif- 
(ion of the Fever took place. J Nor do I conceive 
thefe medicines to be neceflarv in th- convalefcent 
flatc of the difeafe, Mild and nourifhing diet, re- 
flores the ftrength much fooner than the mod pow- 
erful tomes. 1 have reafon to believe laudalum to bo 
poilon when given with an a&ivc ot corded piille in 
this fever. 
The next articles to purging and bleeding in iby 
materia medica,are cool air and cool drinks. I often 
dirtft the head to be ba;hed, and the hands and face 
to be wafhsd with cold water. Toaft and water, 
balm tea, lemonade, tamarind water, barly water,and 
apple water, are the common drinks of my patients. 
'1 he iefs they eat in tha firft ftage of the diforder, the 
better. As foon as the pulfe is reduced, I indulge 
them in wine whey, bread, or rallied apples, or mufa 
in milk, chicken, beef, mutton, or veal broth, coffee 
and tea with buttered toaft, and weak chocolate —I 
forbid the rife of animal food, until they are able to 
walk about. Cleaniinefs is advifed in every ftage of 
the diforder, with gentle exercise, and countrey air 
to complete the cure. 
In thofe few calcs where the difesfe comes on with 
typhoid or typhus fymptoms, I recommend the com- 
mon remedies for thofe ftates of fever. 
If fuffieient bleeding and purging have been omit- 
ted in the beginning of the diforder, and haemorrha- 
ges, with petechias, a low pulfe and a black vomiting, 
have come on, little can be done. Tha ceremonies 
of bark, glyfters, and the cold bath,may be performed 
in fuch cafes, but I have heard of no inftance in 
which they have derm any fcrvice. 
I think 1 have feen blitters afford relief in local 
determinations to the head, breaft arid ftomach, after 
fuffieient evacuations have been ufed. 
Where % troublefoftie vomiting does not yield to 
blood-letting, I know of no remedies equal to a table 
fpoon full of fweet miik given every halt hour, or to 
weak camomile tea. 
Where a dull pain la the bowels attends with a 
full, or corded pulfe, I have preferibed glyfters of 
cold water with evident advantage. Where flatulen- 
cy attends, I preferibe camomile tea,or weak brandy 
and water, provided the pulfe bcfufficientiy reduced. 
Bv means of the remedies before mentioned, I 
think 1 was the unworthy instrument in the hands of 
a kind Providence, of recovering more than ninety- 
nine out of an hundred of my patients, before my late 
indifpofiiion. A number died during the few days 
of my confinement, from the want of well timed 
bleeding and purging. SinCc my recovery, the dif- 
eafs has became more violent and obftiriate,and feme 
have diati under my care, from my inability from 
weaknefs, and accafional returns of my fever, to be 
early and punfituai in my attendance, upon them ; 
for a recovery often depends upon the application of 
the remediss, not only on a certain day,but frequent- 
ly at a certain hour. The concentration of the con- 
tagion in every part of the city, moreover has cn- 
crcafed the difficulty of curing the dries Ce, for it con- 
ftantly counteracts the ufe of the remedies which are 
intended to abftra£t ftimulus ; hsnee we obierve, 
(other circumftances being equal,) there is moft mor- 
tality where there is moft contagion. The delays in 
procuring bleeders, and the ignorance or ncglcft of 
nurfes added to fome other circumftances too gloomy 
to be mentioned, have contributed very much of late 
to encreafe the mortality of the difordei. But with 
punctual and fkilful medical affiftancc, good nutling, 
and airy rooms. I am ftill of the opinion, that this 
difoafe is as much under the power of medicine as 
the meefles, or influenzas 
The newfpapers have informed you, how much 
the opinions and pra£iice, I have delivered in this 
letter have bec'n oppofed by many of the phyficians, 
of our city. They firft called the prevailing epidemic, 
the jail fever. They might as well have called it the 
fmall-pox. They have declared, that we have two 
diftinft fevers in town—-the one a pufrid yellow le- 
vor, and the other a common remittent. It tvould 
not have been more abfurd, to have aflerted that we 
have two funs and two moons fhining upon our 
globs. What makes this raiftakc the more inexcufa- 
ble is, the common remitting fever, which has been 
confounded with the prefent highly contagious epi- 
demic, has not been obferved as ufual,in the fubmbi, 
Or in the neighborhood of the city. 
But the miftakes of foms of my brethren have not 
ended here. Where the difesfe has made its chief 
im.jreffion on the head, it has been called the inter- 
nal dropiy of the brain. Where it has attacked the 
throat, as it has done in fomemild cafes, it has been 
called an angina maligna. Where it has attacked the 
fidcs, it ha® been callled a plurify, and in in one per- 
fon in whom it firft effe&ed the bowels, it was treated 
as a biliious colic, 7 he diforder in this cafe termi- 
nated in a black vomiting,& death oh the third day.$, 
The fuccefs of the new remidies ba» at laft created 
fuch a clamor in their favor, that moft of oUr phyfi- 
cians have been forced to adopt them. They bleed 
however as yet fparingly, and purge after the fit ft day- 
only with lenient phy fic. Some of them blend wine, 
bark, and laudanum with them. They might as well 
throw water and oil at the fame time upon fire in or- 
der to eXtinguifh it. 
I muft here pay a tribute of refpe® to the memory 
of my much loved friend Dr. Pennington, who a- 
dopted the new remidies as foon as they were men- 
tioned to him. His expanded mind was not caft in a 
common mould. It vibrated a unifon with truth, 
the moment it came in coptaft with it. My excel- 
lent and judicious friend Dr. Griffiths, was likewife 
an early and decided friend to plentiful purging and 
bleediing. Such of my former pupils as are fettled 
in this city, recommend them, and I hear from all 
quarters, with fuccefs, 
It was extremely unfortunate that the new reme- 
dies were ever conne&ed with my name. I have no 
other merit, than that of having early adopted, and 
extended a mode of treating the diforder, which I had 
learned in the year 1762, from my firft preceptor in 
medicine, Dr, Redman, and which is ftrongly recom- 
mended by Hillary, Mofeiy, Mitchell, Kirby, and 
many other writers upon this fever. In my firft ad- 
drefs to the public, I acknowledged that I received 
the firft hints of the fafety and efficacy of Jalap and 
mercury in this diforder, in the military hofpitals, in 
the year ijjj. and from a defeription of a difeafd 
nearly related to ours, in an Eaft-India publication. 
In the ule of ail my remedies, I have in this difeafe, 
repudiated names and, been governed only by the 
CONDI HON OP THE SYSTEM. 
I am indebted to Dr. Sydenham, as well as to my 
own obfervations, for the decided manner in which 
1 have rejeflted the idea of a common remittent i.t our 
city. I have been told, that by propagating this e- 
pinion, I terrify my patients. Perhaps' i do, but! 
fave them by their fears ; for I excite in them at ones 
a fpeedy application for help, and a faithful obedi- 
ence to all my preferiptions. Univerfal truth, is u- 
niverlal intereft, and faifehood and tnifery always go 
hand in hand. The opinion which has been publiffi- 
ed by forne of bur phyficians, that we have now a 
mild and a malignant fever in our city, has led all 
thofe people, in whom the fever has coma on in aa 
infidious form, to neglefi thcmfelves for feveral days, 
under the idea, that they had nothing but a common 
fall fever, and frorh this deception, 1 believe hund- 
reds have porifh-d by the disorder. 
I cannot conclude this letter, without lamenting; 
further, that feveral publications, from men who had 
never fern the diforcer, or who had feen only a few 
cafes of it, Hava contributed very much todiftrafl thd 
public mind ; to lefTort a confidence in meicurtal 
purges and bleeding—and to produce an indiferimi- 
nate ufe of general remedies,, without any refpeft to 
the ftate of the fyftcm, and thereby to add to the 
mortality of the difeafe, 
' Adieu, my dear triend.—I fii ill only add, my 
prayers, that your citv tray be prefeved from the ca- 
lamities which now afflict* ours, and that you may 
never know, from experience, the labors,the anxiety, 
the deep domeftic diftrefs, and the calumnies, w hich 
for fix weeks paft, have been the portion of 
Your fincere friend, and 
Former prfcceptor in Medicine, 
BENJAMIN RUSH. 
Philadelphia, 0&6ber 3d, 1733. 
NO T E 5. , 
* Each purge confifts of 1 o grains of calomel, and 1 5 ofjalap. Cne 
fhould be given every 6 hours, until 4 or 5 large evacuations are pro- 
cured from the bowels. 
t Each clofe confifts of two or three grains of calomel, and 2 grair.tt 
cf gamboge, made into a pill with a little flour and common fyrup, 
A dofc Ihouid be given two or three times a day, fo as to procure largo 
evacuations from the bowels. 
I 'I he Bark has been recommended as a preventative of the fever. 
However proper it might have been during the warm weather, I am 
fatisfied that it is not fo now. So univctfally is the contagion diffus- 
ed, through every part of the city,that out of a great numberof perfona 
in apparent and good health, whofe pulfes I have examined, I have 
met with only two, in whom they were nietfuller and quicker than na. 
tural. In two old perfons in good health, between 70 and 80, the 
pulfe beat between ninety and an hundred ftrokes in a minute. I hay* 
found this preternatural fulnefs and quicknefs in the pulfes <?f black. as well as cf white people; alfo irt i woman who had the yellow fevtr 
in t 61. This iute ofthe pulfe cannot bt aferibed to fear, for that 
pa ill on •weakens it. The only preventati ves that experience w arrant*, 
arc, a temperate difct—the lofs of a little blood—and keeping the bow- 
els gently'open.- To thefe fhould be added, great caution in avoid- 
ing fatigue—the hot fun and the night air. 
One of thefe gentlemen urged in a confultation, as an objeftion 
to plentiful bleeding, that there were only tin roiNDi of blood in 
the human body. 
FROM THE DIARY. 
DRUNKENNES ' ie on® of thofe vices which de- 
grade human nature below the level of brutes. 
The eifodls it has upon the canftitudon, are perma- 
nently injurious ; a man adifted to liquor, who indul- 
ges in it exccffively may bs reformed by a miracle of 
providence ; but we generally fee that his faculties 
are impaired, and that the drifted abftenancc is never 
afterwards able to reftorc ihsir original vigor. 
11 is either atiueb or habitual. It is one thing to be 
drunk, and another to bo a drunkard. Cafual cxcef- 
les may ba of little detriment, but the habit of intem- 
perance,th® pe petual repetition of inflamatory dofes, 
is what-daftroys. 
ft fo totally abforbs the grand faculty 'of reafon, 
whifhts given us to guide cur courfe through life,and 
to blifsful eternity, that no one can predift the dread- 
ful enormities we might commit when under its in- 
fluence 
The mifehiaf of inebriation from which we com- 
pute the guilt of it, coniifts in the following bad 
cffsfls. 
i It impels us to exceflive anger, and leads to fins 
of lewdnels. 
2. It incapacitates, (by the temporary derangement 
of mind, and at laft by a perpetual ftupefstiion) for 
the duties of our ftation. 
3. It waftes property, by naedlefs expcnces and 
prevents the accumulations of induftry. 
4, It produces unhappiaefs in families. 
5, it curtails life. 
Independently of thoCe confcquence* we may add 
the danger of drunkennefs is~a focial vice.— 
It draws a circle together, and if they continue aflo- 
ciate, is fure to corrupt them. 
The fatal exit to which this deteftable pra&ice has 
led many a poor unrefifsing perfon, fhould fiand an 
eternal warning to others. The faculties being ftupi- 
fied or perverted, the man is no more capable of dif- 
cerning than a madman ; he is deprived of moral a- 
gsney, of all reflection and forefight. In this fituation, 
it feetns, he is no more liable to the charge of guilt 
from enormities committad, than a manial, tho’ like 
him he may be extremely mifehievous. The only 
guilt wish which he is chargeable, was incurred 
when he voluntarily brought himfelf into this fitua- 
tion ; and as every man is refponfible for the confe- 
quinces of what he forefaw, or might have forefeen 
and for no other, his guilt will be in proportion to 
the probability of fuch confequensces enfuing. From 
which principle refults this rule ; that the guilt of a- 
ny a&ion in a drunken man, bears the fame propor- 
tion to the guilt of the like aftion in a fober man,that 
the probability of its being the confequsnce of drunk- 
ennefs, bears to abfolute certainty. 
the appetite for intoxicating liquors is acquir- 
ed, a?ppears from its returning periodically—as, in the 
morning, after dinner, &c. 
Habits of drunkennefs are often contrafted by aflb- 
ciating with particular companies, who to fill up the 
Isoyrs of vacancy, pufli about the bottle ; and by en- 
deavoring to gain a temporary pleafure, entail lulling 
mifery upon themfclves. 
It often arifes from afflifting difpenfations ; but of 
all ethers, intoxication is the very word remedy for 
the cure of pain proceeding from fuch fources. Tho 
temooiary hilarity it occafions indeed, relieves from 
thought for a little while, but the depreffion that on- 
fues, makes melancholy more intolerable, and clouds 
the prcrfpdd with additional darknefs.-—The objefts 
we grieved at, appear more diftreffing, and the rccol- 
la&ion of them is apt to recur with redoubled vio- 
lent®. 
A ma t will fometimes excufe himfelf by faying, he 
takes a dram only upon extraordinary occafions. But 
thefe extraordinary occafions return perpetually, and 
at every repetition, fooner, and with more preffing 
ardor, till at lad it becomes the diet, drink, and foon 
ends exiftence. 
It is impoflible to detail the effefts of drunkennefs 
—they are too numerous to be counted—they defy 
calculation—Difeafe, melancholy, quarrels, fighting, 
lofs of friends, mifery, fuicide, premature fufferings, 
and (udden death, are a few items in the enormous 
catalogue. 
We fhould carefully avoid indulging a propenfity 
to fuch company as may induce the habit; and in 
piece of reforting to the bottle for confolation in cir- 
eumfianccs of diitrefs, how much more eligible would 
it be to dire& our alpirations to the Supreme Direc- 
tor of events, implore his aid, and be fatisfied with 
his determinations ? 
The IMPORTANCE of PUNCTUALITY. 
IF faults arc to be eftimatod according to the ill con- 
fequences which attend them, we {hall find upon 
examination, that the want of punEluality is a crime of 
confiderablo magnitude. A very large (hare of the 
difappointments and vexations which wo meet with 
in our intercourfe with one another, is derived from 
this fource. In a’moft all Companies, or accidental 
meetings of neighbors, the ear is pained with com- 
plaints again ft thofe who have not paid an expeflted 
debt, or not performed a ncceflary job, or not finifhed 
% pair of fboffs, Sic. at the. time prefixed. In the 
country, tradesmen and laborers are apt to fail in 
punctuality, fometimes through mere inattention and 
careleffnels, fometimes through indolence and lazi- 
nefs, fometimes through a grafping difpofition, and 
always from a criminal difregard to truth, honefty 
and benevolence. Wilhing to fecure all the cuftom 
and bufinefs they can, and unwilling that any who 
apply to them, fhould be neccffitated to apply to oth- 
ers, they engage more than they can poffibly execute 
within the time limited, to the great difappointment, 
vexation and injury of their employers. 
Every porfon of the Jeaft reflection mail fee that 
the advantages which would rcfult to individuals, to 
neigbborhoods,and to larger communities,from punc- 
tuality, are very great:—And that equally great are 
the difadvantages from the want of it. A poor man 
with a houfe full of children, procures with difficulty 
a bufhel of corn, and a horfe to carry it five or fix 
miles to mill. The miller cannot grind it now, but 
promifes to have it ready by the evening of the next 
day. With fltill greater difficulty he again obtains a 
horfe, and goes at the time prefixed: but is coolly 
told by the miller, that hc forgot it, and ground for 
others until his water was fpent, and that he mull 
come again the next day.—A man who h building 
a houfe, engages mafons and tenders at a diftance to 
build his chsmnies. They come at the appointed 
time. But the man who had promifed to bring his 
hands the day preceding,and complete the ftone work 
for the foundation of thochimnics, fails ; and all arc 
difappointed, to their very great damage.—A woman 
who had very lately loft her huffiand, is pitied by her 
neighbors ; and they kindly colle£t on a certain day, 
and reap do a/n all her grain. She engages a man to 
fecure it. He promifes to take it up the next day, 
and carry it into the barn. He neglefils to come: 
and, it being Saturday, the grain is left lying in the 
field. On Monday it rains. And the weather prov- 
ing wet and warm for feveral days, the hopes of the 
widow and fatherlefs are deftroyed. 
Punctuality is fometimes disregarded by prefeflion- 
al gentlemen, to the great lofs and difappointment of 
thofe for whom they were to tranfa£l fame bufinefs of 
confcquence. The gay world confider exa&nefs, re- 
gularity, the fulfilment of promifes, and th# punctual 
payment of honeft debts, as too vulgar for them ; and 
value themfelves on no punctuality, but in their debts 
of honor, their criminal affignations, their parties of 
pleafurc, and their appointed vifits. The commercial 
world, in general, regard pun&uality, becaufe it is the 
bafis of all their credit and intereft. And certainly 
it would be for the intereft and credit of mechanics, 
labourers, and, in ftiort, of every clafs of men. To 
be punctual in fulfilling their promifes and engage- 
ments, would have a happy effeft upon all the civil 
and moral intercourles of iociety. Mutual confi- 
dence, efttsm and affa&ion, would be increafed $ 
neighbors would live on better terms ; and the heart 
be more fteadily tranquil and joyous. 
Pun&uality mu ft be an honor to any man, becaufc 
it denotes liability, fortitude,, and fuperiority to temp- 
tation. If this has not been ranked by name among 
the cardinal virtues, it is owing, perhaps, to the diffi- 
culty of dejining it with precifion, or of diftinguifhing 
it from others, and not from its unimportance in fo- 
ciety. Accurately fpeaking, pun&uality is not a Jin- 
gle virtue, but an ajfemblage of many. It compre- 
hends fidelity, veracity ? fanfa of honour, juftice, and 
benevolence. 
Punctuality is recommended by almoft every ob- 
j«a and every movement in the natural world, as 
well as by the exigencies and claims of the moral. 
It is well known, though not fufficiently confidered, 
that all the revolutions of the heavenly bodies, are 
performed with the cxa&ell pun&ualuy. What 
would become of ail the inhabitants of the earth, as 
well as of promife if the fun and the feafons 
were as fallible, and as little to be depended on, as 
themfelves ?—-Pun&uality, then, has the fan&ion of 
heaven upon it, and thfc order and analogy of nature 
to recommend it. Its utility and importance are de- 
monftrated by the intereft and reputation of the in- 
dividual, and by the peace and happinefs of fociety. 
And the rtcceffity of it is inculcated by the di&ates 
of conscience, and the command of God. 
PITSBURGH, Oftober 5. 
By Mr. Achefon who arrived at Washington on 
Friday the 27th ult. from Head-Quarters in »8 days, 
we are informed, that the army is faid to be about 
300©, in good health, good fpirits, and in a high ftate 
of difeipline. The horfe about 300—in good plight, 
and capable of any fervice. The road to Fort Jcffer- 
f©n well made, and improved finca the laft campaign 
—Sixty thoufand bufficls of corn was raifed in the 
neighborhood of Fort jefferfon this fumrner, by the 
garrifon. Waggons have been bufily employed in 
drawing out the ftores, until orders came to defift 
them left umbrage fhould be given to the Indiana 
and the treaty difturbed. But on the exprefs arriv- 
ing from the Prehdcnt of the United States, announc- 
ing the refult of the treaty, and giving orders to pre- 
pare to carry on a campaign, the Kentucky volunteers 
were called, and it was expected the army would be 
ready to move in four days. General Wayne bad 
appointed the Colonels of the volunteers ; the Colo- 
nels appointed the Majors ; the Majors the Captains ; 
the Captains the Subalterns ; and alfo cliofe and no- 
minated the foldiers whom they wiffied to accompany 
them ; in which cafe it was a point of honor not to 
rofufe. 
Pictmngo, cr the Mounfaia Leader, the Chickefaw 
chiof, was on his way tvith jc* warriors, 15 had ar- 
rived at the camp ; 50 were at Lextrgttf'nj &c. 
CARLISLE, Oftdber 2. 
The trial of Enfign John Morgan, we hear, is now 
going on at head quarters—General Pofcy, Prefident 
of the Court-Martial. Members—Major*, Hughe, 
Doyle and Mills—Captains. Ford, Porter, Guiontf 
Peters, Eaton, Jeffers, M. Cambd, B. Price, and J. 
Pierce. 
NEW-YORK, OSober 12. 
Extratt of a litter from a very eminent merchant in Phi- 
ladelphia to his frieyid in this city, dated the 10th in- 
fant. 
“ We are yet without rain, having had none of any 
confequence for nearly two months paft which it is 
fuppoled occalions the Fever to rage with greater vi- 
olence. 
“ Scenas ?liko the prefent deftroy our relifh for 
earthly enjoyments and the purfuit of wealth, where- 
in I am fearful we have both been too much engag- 
ed. I feel very fenfible of its having been my cafe, 
and do not lookback on my employments for fonse 
years paft with comfort and fatisfa£tion—No acquifi- 
tions of that nature are equivalent to the lois cf dimi- 
nution of that peace and calmneft that flows from a 
faithful and upright attention to religious duty.” 
Extratt of another litter from Philadelphia, dated 11 tk 
infant. 
“The fever with us rages in my opinion, with in- 
creasing violence—The hearfes while I am now writ- 
ing this letter, are going in all directions. The fath- 
er of all mercies only knows where it will end ; far 
indeed without a fpeedy ceffation, it feems inevitable, 
we fhall all perifh that are left in town : many hun- 
dreds of poor mechanical people,who heretofore fub- 
kftecl, and that comfortably on their labours, are now 
by being long out of employment fuffering all the 
miferies of want and indigence. Here is an ample 
field open for your happy citizens of New-York, to 
cxercife humanity and philanthropy to be effe&ual 
it ought to come, and that without delay. Soma of 
our committee, at the City-Hall have died, and oth- 
ers are now indifpofed, fo that the remainder with 
their multiplied engagements, have indeed a labouri- 
ous lime of it.” 
TRENTON, (New-jfcrfey) O&obcr 9. 
Thurfday, the lft inft. having been fet apart by the 
Govarnor for a day of fading, humiliation and pray- 
er, to almighty God, on account of the prefent cala- 
mitous diforder raging in our lifter Rate, and for our 
preservation from ihnilar afBi£fions ; it was obfervsd 
in this city with fuch peculiar marks of decorum and 
fobriety, as have not been ufually experienced even 
on the Sabbath. All worldly, bufsnefs feemed laid 
afide—the places of public worfhip were uncommon- 
ly crowded—excellent, and well adapted ferrr.cna 
delivered, and all ranks of citizen# appeared deeply 
impreffed with a due fenfe of the folemnity of the 
occafion. 
Lift of LETTERS remaining in the Poft-Office, 
HARTFORD—Oft. 21, 1793. 
A. Elifha Alcott, Eaft-Hartford. Nathaniel Alford, Symfliury, 2. 
B. Prince Brewfier, Hartford. Jonathan B. Balch, Weft ditto. 
David Benton, jun. Granby. Ely Brown, Coventry. David Bee- 
be, Salem, John Bunce, Hartford. 
C. Daniel Crocker, Mansfield. Enos Condy, Southbury. Benoni 
Cafe, Hanford. Capt. Benjamin Conklin, Hartford. Nathaniel' 
Conklin, Hartford. 
D-. Jonathan David, Mansfield. 
E. Thomas Enfign, Hartford. Ethen Everert, Salifbury. William 
Ewing, ditto. Silvanus Eaton, Langryeadow. Dr. jedediah Enf- 
woith, Pomfret. David Enos Sififtbury. 
F. Mr«. Finley, Hartford. Dr, Samuel Flagg, Ha tford. Samuel 
Farnfwortli, Vveft-Hartford. David Friffiy, Norfolk. 
G. John Graham, Weft-Hartford. Qzias Grifwold, Weft-Hartford. 
Elihu Grifwold, Wir.dfor, 2. Jacob B, Gurley, Mansfield. Phi. 
low Granfley, Watertown. 
H. Daniel Hickox, Simtbury. Benjamin Hebard, Granby, 2. 
Rev. Ifrael Holly, Granby. Jofiah Hale, Efq. Glaftenbury. 
Capt. Elijah Hart, Berlin. Jams* Higgins, Granby. 
I. Sally Ilham, Bolton. 
K. John Kirkland & Co. Suffield. Thompfon Sc Philip Kirkland, 
Sumeld. David & Ebcnezcr King, Suffield. John Kent, ditto. 
M. Willum Middleton, Suffield. Stephen Mather, Berlin. Jo- 
nathan Maffi, New-Hartford. Rofwell Mills, Efq. Windfor, 2. 
N. John Nichols, Glaftenbury. Hannah Neurfon, Hartford. 
O. Timothy Olmfted, Hartiand. John C. Ov.en, Simlbusy. 
P. Richard Pitkin, Efq. Eaft-Hartford. Levi.Pettibone, ditto; 
Ruth Furdee, Briftol. 
R. James Rulfel, Hartford, 2. Solomon Rufleil, Brim&sld. 
Rev, David S. Rowland, Windfor. Rev. Henry A. Rowland, do& 
S. Ebenezer Spear, Hartford. Carolina Spencer, Hartford, Heze- 
kiah Spencer, Suffield. Ferdinand Smith, Berkhempfted. Beno, 
ni Shepard, Tolland. Jofeph Studley, Tolland. Meff. Shepard &. 
Smith, Winchefter. 
T. Caleb Tuttle, Hartford. William Taylor, ditto. John Tur- 
ner, ditto. Trijal Terrel, Waterbury. 
W. John Watfon, jun. Hartford, Calebj Woodward, ditto. Ste- 
phen Webfter, ditto. Hopfull Webfter, ditto. Dr. John P. Wal- 
ton, Saiifbury. Dr. Lemuel Wheeler, ditto. William Wait, 
Windfor. Gad Way, New-Hartford. John Waldo Woods, 
Hartford. 
qpHE Subscribers once more inform all thofs in" 
JL dcbtt d to them, either by book cr note, to cal* 
and fettle their accounts within four weeks frost the 
date hereof, olberwiie they muii expc& to bo called 
on fame other way. 
KIMBALL & PITKIN. 
Eaft-Ilartford, OS. si, 1793. 
THE Laft Chance for Leavenworth-Bridga Lot- 
tery, which commences drawing tomorrow— 
Tickets, or Shares, if applied for immediately, may 
lie had of TIIOMAS KILLDtU?. 
Hartford, ai, 1793.