m i|!', i:!'l.i'ii;ijf V ..' !!'•:■; Iff Tip 11 lil'^i::^ "^liilillp ^^■■■'■ ' 59491 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA * « , FOUNDED 1836 WASHINGTON, D.C, B19574 HISTORY ;^?' OF THE PESTILENCE, COMMONLY CALLED Yellow Fever, WHICH ALMOST DESOLATED PHILADELPHIA, IN THE MONTHS OF AUGUST, SEPTEMBER &r OCTOBER, 1798. Y BY THOMAS CONDIE & RICHARD FOLWELL. JjeOJIf TJf£ W«* OF H. SQLWELL. CONTENTS. Pag* Sketch of the fituation of Philadelphia 5 Population, trade, &c. of ditto 8 Obfervations on the climate of ditto - - - 9 Account of the weather in fpring and fummer, 1798, 12 Remarkable phenomena - - - - - 13 Difeafes of domeftic animals - - - - 14 Difeafes prevalent in July - - - 17 Meteorological regifter for Auguft 1793 - - 19 Ditto ditto for djtto 1797 - - 20 Ditto ditto for June, July, Auguft, Septem- ber, October and.November 1798 - - 21 Summary of opinions refpecting the nature of the pefti- lence - - - - - - - -,27 Proceedings of the Board of Health, &c. previous to the appearance of the fever - - - - 29 Cafe of Mr. Mark Miller and Benjamin Jones - 35 Importation of the contagion - - - - 36 Proceedingsof theCollegeofPhyficians^Board of Health, Want of fuccefs at the City-Hofpital - - r 5 <> Evidence that the difeafe is contagious - - - 61 Lift of phyficians who remained in town - - 62 Lift of the Board of Health who remained at their pofts 63 Addreis of the Board of Health of September ift ib. Proceedings of the opulent citizens, in confccucnce thereof - - 65 Medical advice by Drs. Ruili and Griffiths - 67 Directions how to efcape the difeafe - - 7© CONTENTS. Proceedings at Baltimore for the relief of the Philadel- phians - ------73 The contagion appears in the jail - "75 Comparifon of the mortality in the city and that in the Hofpital - - - - - - -76 Eftahliftiment of a committee to relieve the poor in. the city - - -.....77 Friends hold their yearly meeting - - ~ 7& The dife;ife abates ------ 79 Inhabitants invite)1 to return home - - - 81 Summary of th- proceedings at the City Hofpital - 82 Ditto at the City Hofpital burying-ground - 84 Ditto at the Schuylkill Tents 85 Ditto at the Tents at Mafters's-Place 87 Acrount of the affociation of citizens for the protection of the city - - - - 89 , Ditto of the robbery of the Bank of Pennfylvania 90 Proceedings in the jail during the fever ~ " 93 Sketch of the .iifeafe at Bofton,New-York,Portfmouth, New-London, Portland, Wilmington, Germantown, &c. &c - - - - " 9j> Individual diftrefics, anecdotes, defultory remarks, &c. 99 Tables of daily returns - - - 105 Table oi the number interred in each burying-ground 108 APPENDIX. Letter to the Editors, fignedS. W. - - - - I Ditto ditto ditto E O. P. - - - XII Letter to the Governor of Penrifylvania, by the Academy of Medicine - XIX Letter from the Governor to the Board of Health XXIV Reply to ditto ... - _ XXV Alphabetical arrangement of the names of the per- fons who died. .»' ■*. . ..... _" ■-'■■' ■ -g. HIS TORT OF THE YELLOW FEVER. Sketch of the fttuation of Philadelphia—State of the city~Re~ marks upon the weather and difeafes of man and other animals previous to the appearance of the Telloiu Fever, in 1798. J7 HILADELPHIA, the metropolis of the United States of America, is fituated in 39 degrees 56 minutes of North latitude, and 75 degrees 9 minutes of longitude, Weft from London ; is upon the Weft bank of the river Delaware, and about 120 miles, by the courfe of the river, from the At- lantic Ocean, and is 6 miles above the junction of the Schuylkill with the Delaware. Agreeable to its original plan, it extends from the Dela- ware, which is on the Eaft, to the Schuylkill, on the Weft, making a plot of about two miles in length, and about one mile in breadth, North and South. The ground is level, and generally moift; its medium height, above the level of the two waters, is thirty-four to forty feet.---- The principal part of the furrounding country is level, ge- nerally cleared of woods, and under cultivation : a confide - rable portion of that between the city and confluence of the rivers, commonly called the Neck, is meadow ground, low ( 6 ) and confequently moift j in the vicinity of the rivers, it is frequently overflowed, and fubjefts the inhabitants to fever- and-ague. But, towards the North and North-Weft, the fi- tuation is much higher. The river Delaware, oppofite the city, is about one mile, broad; the tide rifes fix feet perpendicu- lar, and flows at the rate of four miles an hour ; its oppofite fhore, in the ftate of Jerfey, is level •, the foil dry and fandy. The buildings do not at prefent extend over half the groundr defignated in the original plan ; as the inhabitants, from ob- vious commercial advantages, have preferred the Delaware front rather than the Schuylkill : hence, at prefent, the hou- fes extend nearly three miles North and South along the De- laware, and about three-quarters of a mile due Weft toward . the Schuylkill. They are chiefly built with bricks, from two to five ftories high; the ftreets are regular, wide and airy, except Water-ftreet, which occupies the fpace between the bank upon which Fronc-ftreet is built, and the river, which was originally defigned for ftores. It is the narroweft, yet one of the moft populous in the city : the ftreet is only thirty feet wide, and but a little above the fur- face of the tide : the houfes are high, and the greater part of them have no yards, particularly thofe fituated on the Weft of bank tide j an inconvenience which tends much to render the ftreet more naufeous. It is much confined, ill-aired, and, in every refpect, is a difagreeable ftreet. There are fe- veral alleys in the city, which are alfo narrow, confined and filthy. The river, for nearly the whole extent of the city, is in- dented with forced wharves, made, as is ufual, of fquare cafe- ments, with logs, and filled with earth, veflels-ballaft, {tones, &c. Where Dock-ftreet is now built, in former years, was a fwamp or canal, with a fmall ftream of water running through it, extending from the river to Third-ftreet, which became a general nuifance, and a common refervoir for the filth of a large part of the city. It now forms a handfome, airy, terpentine ftreet, having an arch underneath, covered with earth, and paved. This concave fewer begins beyond S<>;th-ftreet, in Potter's-Field, and is carried under ground below the jail to Walnut-ftreet, and down Walnut ftreet to Dock-ftreet, between Second and Third-ftreets, and from thence down Dock-ftreet to the river. At neceflary diftan- ces., there are apertures left to receive the water from the gutters of the adjacent ftreets: thefe openings, in the intenfe < 1 ) heat of fummer, emit a very difagreeable flench. There are feveral finks dug, to receive the water from the gutters, in thofe parts of the city, where there is no other declivity to carry it off. Two of thefe, which are the molt remarkable, are fituated in Market-ftreet, at the corner of Fourth-ftreet. They, like the apertures to the Dock-ftreet fewer, exhale the moft noxious effluvia ; for, dead animals and every kind of naufea, are thrown into them, and there remain till they become putrified. During the ficknefs in fummer 1797, Dr. Pafcalis mentions, that being frequently called out dur- ing the night, he could ftrongly perceive the fmdl iffuing from thefe finks in Market-ftreet as far as Mulberry-ftreet on the one fide, and Chefnut-ftreet on the other. A few years ago, there were numbers of marfhes and ponds of ftagnant water, in the out-lots of the city, which periodically fubje&ed the inhabitants furrounding them to fever-and-ague. Thefe public nuifances are now either drained, filled up, or buik upon ; fince which, but few are troubled with this complaint. There are, (till, fome re- maining in Southwark and the Northern Liberties : there are alfo many vacancies on the bank of the river, which are co- vered with a thick bed of miery filth ; the wharves, likewife, at times, become filled up with impure fubftances from the adjoining ftreets; and, during the fummer, emit, at low wa- ter, a very ofFenfive fmell. A fmall ftream of water, called Pegg's Run, paffes through Spring-Garden and the Nor- thern Liberties, the bottom of which is wide and miery ; its? banks are unimproved, and rendered ofFenfive by the offals which are thrown upon them from the flaughter-hpufes, tan-yards, &c. adjoining. Beyond this, upon the Delaware, the improvements called Kenfington, are fituated. A great part of which, at high water, is nearly furrounded by the tide, which, when low, leaves a broad, muddy marfh, more than a quarter of a mile round its fouth and weft parts.— Upon this, the heat in fummer, as might be expected, pro- duces fimilar effecTs. One other fource of putrid animal exhalation, which very forcibly attracts the notice of ftranT gers, is moft fenfibly difcovered in thickly inhabited places during the fummer months. Moft every dwelling of the city has a privy-houfe, fituated generally at the fartheft end of the yard ; but the houfes on the bank fide of Front- ftreet, have them in their cellars: many of the finks, over which they ftand, are dug to the. depth of between twentv to thirty feet, and built round with bricks: They are not ( 8 ) cleaned till nearly full, which is once in ten or twelve years, and then, in many cafes, it is confidered eafier to cover them over, and dig others. After many years fermentation, thefe finks exhale a very putrid and ofFenfive effluvia, which is abundantly emitted when the air is moift, calm or fultry, particularly towards the end of fummer, or after the action of fevere heat has excited the putrefactive fermentation.— The inhabitants are ftill fo well apprifed of its confequence, and knowing that the depth of their wells is not a fufficient preventative againft this ofFenfive exhalation, that they gene- rally provide their neceffaries with an air-pipe, rifing a few feet from the top; but ftill, under particular circumttances of the atmofphere, the afcending effluvia is frequently difFufed round the houfes, alleys, &c. where it is highly naufeous. Some idea of the noxious quality of this gas may be formed from the effects which it produces upon combuftion. If a lighted candle is let down one of thefe finks, it will fre- quently be extinguifhed. There are many grave yards in the city, and perhaps fome other fources of putrid exhalation, which are in a manner incident to all large cities. It is not fupplied with running wa- ter or fountains; but with pump-wells, in diftributivenum- ber, through the city and fuburbs ; many of which, perhaps, from a communication with the adjacent neceffaries, have already become unfit even to wafh the houfes. The foregoing defcription is chiefly confined to thofe cir- cumftances which are more particularly connected with the object of our undertaking ; for, notwithftanding thefe incon- veniencies, ftill there are few cities that can vie with Phila- delphia in point of elegance or even cleanlinefs: the ftreets interfecT each other at right angles, and are open to the winds from all points ; which, together with their width, regular pavement, conveniency of foot-ways, and the practice of the inhabitants of frequently waftiing the outfides of their hou- fes, give to the city a fingular appearance of regularity and neatnefs, highly admired by foreigners. The City and Liberties are eftimated to contain about ten thoufand houfes, and the number of inhabitants is not over- rated when we eftimate the total between fifty-five and fixty thoufand fouls. But, notwithftanding this incrcafe of population, the profperity of the city has not equalled that of former years. The European wars, at an early pe- riod, produced confiderable changes on the trade, property ^nd neceffaries of life in Philadelphia. The firft influx of ( 9 ) foreigners from Europe and the Weft-Indies raifed the mar- kets, houfe-rents, &c. and gave to the city, in general, aflou- rifhing appearance ; pr?perty rofe above its accuftomed va- lue. But the fame caufe has, of late years, been produ&ive of very different effects; and our once flourifhing trade has fuffered very confideraole diminution : Citizens over-reach- ing their capitals, the general failure of land fpeculation, the depredations committed upon our commerce, together with the general ftagnation of trade in almoft every depart- ment, has of late been followed by an increafed number of bankruptcies, that at leaft equal any period fince the revolu- tion. Such a combination of untoward circumftances could hardly fail of producing numberlefs diftrefles. But evils of a more ferious nature followed : That malignant fcourge of mankind, the Yellow Fever, again appeared in the city, marking its path with unprecedented horror and devaftation. Scarcely recovered from the baleful effects which it produced, laft year, in the months of Auguft, Sep- tember and October, which difperfed more than two-thirds of the inhabitants ; cut off" near thirteen hundred of thofe that remained, and added to the already general diftrefs a number of helplefs widows and orphans, formerly in afflu- ence, but then reduced to want and poverty, in a fevere and inclement winter, Philadelphia was this 'year again doomed to experience a repetition of thefe baneful confequences, in a degree far beyond any former period, when mediocrity of circumftances enabled citizens, by a timely flight, to efcape from a premature Death. Before, however, we en- ter upon the detail of thefe melancholy events, we (hall ftatc a few primary obfcrvations on the ftate of the weather and the antecedent difeafes. Our climate isfuppofed, within the few laft years, to have undergone very considerable changes : the winters are expe- rienced to be lefs cold, and the fummers lefs warm than they were 40 or 50 years ago. It is a!fo faid, that the climate hss become more favourable to the generation of epidemic dif- eafes, particularly fevers of the bilious type ; and that the late recurrence of the Yellow Fever, is, in part, to be afcri- bed to this caufe. The Academy of Medicine, in their ob- fervations, laft year, upon the origin of this peftilence, ad- drefled to the Governor of Pcnnfylvania, mention, that " at prefent a conftitution of the atmofphere prevails in the' Uni- ted States, which difpofes to fevers of a highly inflammatory ( io ) character, and that it began in the year 1793."* The want of meteorological obfervations during former years, renders it difficult to decide upon the firft opinion ; but, there is rea- fon to believe, that the changes obferved in the temperature of the atmofphere are not fo confiderable as is imagined : The cutting down of woods and the partial cultivation of the foil may have fomewhat contributed more to equalize it.— But we do not difcover that the change produced, even in confequence of cultivation, is in any refpect equal to what has been produced from the fame caufe in other countries. Hiftory informs us " that when Germany and Scythia aboun- ded in forefts, the Romans often tranfported their armies acrofs the frozen Danube ; but, fince the cultivation of thefe regions, the Danube rarely freezes." Nor have we reafon to believe that the climate is, in any degree, more" favora- ble to the generation of bilious or epidemic difeafes ; for, if it is gradually becoming more temperate and equal, and a great proportion of the ftagnant marfhes ih the neigh- bourhood of the cities are drained and cultivated, the caufe, which produced thefe difeafes are, of courfe, every day de- creafing, and the climate becoming more healthy than in former years. There are but few climates more changeable or irregular than that of Pennfylvania ; fcarcely two fucceffive years, or even days, are alike. The heat in fummer and the cold in winter are intenfe. The mercury, in Fahrenheit's thermometer, hasbeen known to rife to 960 in fummer, and to fall 50 below o in winter. There is not, however, more than one month in fummer or winter in which the mercury rifes above 8o° in the one, or falls below 300, in the other. The barometer is but little af- fected by the changes of the atmofphere in this climate ; its medium height is 30 inches. The warmeft weather is gene- rally about the end of July and beginning of Auguft ; altho' intenfely warm days are frequently felt in May, June and September. " The warmeft part of the day in fummer is at two, in ordinary, and at three o'clock in the afternoon in extremely warm weather. From thefe hours, the heat gra- dually diminifhes till the enfuing morning. The cooleft part of the four-and-twenty hours is ac the break of day. Af- ter the warmeft clays, the evenings are generally agreeable, and often delightful. The higher the mercury rifes in the *• Dr. Ri; Ill's works, vol. 4, p. 47. ( » ) day time, the lower it falls the fucceeding night. The mer- cury at 8o° generally falls to 68° while it defcends, when afe 6o° only to 56°. This difproportion between the tempera- ture of the day and night in fummer, is always greateft in the month of Auguft. The dews at this time are heavy in proportion to thecoolnefs of the evening; they are fometimes fo confiderable as to wet the clothes." It is feldom that two or three fucceffive warm days occur without being fucceeded with fhowers of rain, accompanied fometimes by thunder and lightning, and afterwards by a North-Weft wind, which produces a coolnefs in the air, that is highly invigorating and agreeable. The tranfitions from heat to cold are often fudden and confiderable. After a day in which the mercury has ftood at 86° and even 90°, it fometimes falls in the courfe of a fingle night to the 65th, and even the 60th de- gree. The froft generally begins to fhow itfelf about the end of October or beginning of November ; but the intenfe cold feldom fets in till about the middle of December, and the coldeft weather is commonly in January. The mean temperature of the air in Philadelphia during the whole year is 5 2i-°, which is the temperature of the deepeft wells, and of common fpring water. The wind in winter generally blows from the N. W. in fair, and from the N. K in wet weather. The N. W. winds are .uncommonly cold and dry. S. W. and W. N. W. winds generally prevail during the dry warm weather in fummer, while the wind from N. E. is frequently accompanied by rain. Thunder and light- ning are lefs frequent than in former years. To the preceding obfervations, we may add that May and June are ufually the healthieft months in the year. The excefTive heat in fummer has frequently been known to prove fatal to perfons who are much expofed to it. Its mor- bid effects difcover themfelves by a difficulty in breathing, a general languor, and, in fome inftances, by a numbnefs and an immobility of the extremities. The exceffive cold like- wife proves fatal to many, particularly old perfons. The night air is always unwholefome in the fummer and full months, particularly during the ftate of fleep. The frequent and fudden changes of the air from heat to cold, renders it unfafe at any time to fleep with open windows. Notwithftanding what has been faid of the variable na- ture of the climate of Pennfylvania, it does not neceflarily refult that it is unhealthy; perhaps no climate is unhealthy C " ) where the inhabitants acquire, from experience, the arts of accommodating themfelves to it. We are indebted to Dr. Rufh's ingenious and elaborate effay, upon the climate of Pennfylvania, for many of the above general remarks. In addition to which, we are indu- ced to make a few obfervations upon the ftate of the wea- ther previous to the laft appearance of the yellow fever; for, an opinion prevails with many, that it and other pefti- lential difeafes in general, are connected with a particular ftate of atmofphere, and may be prognofticated prior to their appearance. A fimilarity obferved to exift between the conftitution of man and many of the domeftic ani- mals, has alfo led fome to fuppofe that certain peftilential fluids, adting upon the fyftem, produce particular and near- ly fimilar effects upon both. They likewife trace a fimila- rity between animal life and vegetation, from having obfer- ved, that the feafons in which mortal ficknefs has prevailed among men and animals, has alfo proved unfavourable to ve- getables. Spring fet in this year with very promifing appearances ; the ice broke up early, and itbeing followed by plentiful rains, foon diffblved. Vegetation commenced : but this premature afpedt was not of long duration. It was fucceeded by cold weather, North-Weft winds, frequent fhowers of hail and flight frofts in the night, which were diffblved by the heat of the fun on the fucceeding day. During the whole fpring, the fudden changes of the weather, from heat to cold, were more frequent and extreme than have been known for many years paft. Even after the feafon was fo far advanced that the fruit-trees had put forth their bloflbms, there was a fmart fhower of hail. A few days preceding it, the weather was warm and fultrv, inafmuch, that many perfons put off their winter cloathing, and afterwards caught cold by the fudden change of weather. The flower buds, bloflbms, and young fruit, in many places, received confiderable injury— During the months of May and June, white froft, more than once, occurred ; and, in the neighbourhood of Philadelphia, in the afternoon of the 14th July, there was a fhower of hail, and upon the morning of the 19th, there was a flight froft. The weather, during the months of July and Auguft, me- rits particular attention ; for, if a ftate of atmofphere favou- rable to the generation of the Yellow Fever ever prevails, it muft be during thofe months; as the firft cafes occurred in ( *3 1 July; and, towards the end of Auguft, it was general over the whole city. In the years 1793 and 1797, as well as this year, the fever made its appearance nearly about the fame period, viz. the end of July and beginning of Auguft, although, by comparing the meteorological regifters for each of thofe years, we do not find that the weather during this period has been in any two years alike.* The month of July, this year, commenced with remarkable hot weather. The middle of the month was cold, and the weather in the end, like the beginning, was warm. On the 2d; 3d, 27th, 28th and 29th daysj Fahrenheit's thermometer, in the (hade, ftood from 88 to 924 degrees, and in many places' it ftood at 95° and even at g6°. A number of other phsenomena have oc- curred this year, which attracted the attention of the curi- ous obferver; and, as thefe appearances are fuppofed, by many, to be connected with that ftate of weather, which they fuppofe produces the difeafe, it may be proper to notice them. Thunder and lightning appeared earlier this year, and lefs frequent than ufual. The middle of fpring and of fummer was remarkably dry : the grafs meadows produced but a fcanty crop of hay, and, towards the end of fummer, whole fields of grafs were, in many places, entirely withered up. Many tribes of infects were uncommonly nu- merous; as mufquitoes, ants, crickets, cockroaches, &c. The grasfhoppers were fcarcely ever known to appear in fuch vaft quantities. In the neighbourhood of Philadelphia, they ate up all the grafs, even to the rootSj fcarcely any kind of herbage efcaped them ; whole fields of cabbage and potatoes were almoft entirely devoured. They were fucceeded by myriads of black crickets ; the different fpecies of caterpil- lars were alfo uncommonly numerous this feafon ; the trees, in many places, loft their foliage by them ; but in September they put forth a fecond crop of leaves. Inftances have like- wife occurred of fruit-trees bloffbming a fecond time, and producing fruit late in the fall. The different clafFesof mufh- rooms were found in great abundance during their fea- fon. Purflane, during the dry hot weather, continued to grow without putting forth leaves, while the jamifon weed flourifhed luxuriantly. The crop of apples was greatly in- jured by worms ; this was fo general all over the country that the cyder this year is tainted with their acrid tafte. Thefe, and other fimilar phenomena, have occurred informer years * See Journal of the ftate of the weather, annexed hereto. ( M ) when this diiorder was unknown, without attracting any- particular notice; but, fince the appearance of it in the United States, every uncommon occurrence in nature ha* been obferved with an anxious wifh to difcover in it a con- nection with the caufe of this fatal evil. A fliort time previous to the appearance of the fever, a remarkable difeafe occurred among the cats and rats in Phi- ladelphia, which carried off many hundreds of them. After the commencement of the ficknefs, the dogs alfo were affec- ted. The difeafe which raged among the cats was fimilar to that which attacked thefe animals previous to the appearance of the yellow fever in Philadelphia laft year, and in New- York in 1796. Little attention has been paid to afcertain the precife fymptoms of this difeafe, fo far as we know. In ge- neral, the animal was without appetite, but thtrfty; and, at firft, much inclined to fleep ; of a dull, melancholy turn, and foon began to look weak and thin. Many died in a numb and torpid ftate, while others, in the laft ftage of the difeafe, were feized with a delirium, puking, and an uncommon flow of frothy faiiva from the mouth. A moaning or groaning noife was alfo very common----Thefe are the generaL fymptoms, fo far as we have obferved them. In former periods, very little attention was paid to the ftudy of the dif- eafes incident to the brute creation. But, of late yean, and particularly fince the repeated appearance of the yellow fe- ver in different parts of the United States, it has produced more obfervation ; and, it is to be hoped, that a further and more minute examination of the nature of the epidemic dif- eafes of the brute animals, will add much new and ufeful in- formation to the healing art, particularly fo far as it relates to epidemic difeafes among mankind. As diftempers among domeftic animals have more than once been obferved to precede the yellow fever among the human fpecies, and, by many, are now looked upon as their fure harbinger, it is made ufe of as an argument to corroborate the idea of domeftic origin, and to ftrengthen the theory of the prevalence of certain peftilential fluids. In order, therefore, to prevent the adoption of any wrong or hafty conclufions upon this interefting fubjedt, in the pre- fent imperfect ftate of cur knowledge of its caufe, or cir- cumftances attending thefe difeafes, we fhall ftate what in- formation we have been able to collect, in hopes, that it may be of ufe in feme future period, to direct us to more jut'; *nd certain conclufions. ( *s ) During the months of March and April 1797, a remarka- ble difeafe occurred among the cats in London, and extended over feveral other parts of England. In three parifhes in London, upwards of 5,000 cats were computed to have been deftroyed by it within a fortnight. The common pe- riod of thediforder is faid to have been fix or feven days.— The following is extradted from the " Account of the difea- fes in London, for the months of March and April, 1797," publiftied in the Monthly Magazine, on this fubject: " After the abatement of the epidemic catarrh, a violent difeafe fell among the cats, by which many hundreds of thofc domeftic animals perifhed : the particular fymptoms of their malady, I had not fufficient opportunity of afcertaining : but, from difledtions, it appears, that the bowels had been drawn together by a violent cramp or fpafmodic conftridtion, in- volving likewife the omentum, and preventing any paffage. In fome, the interlines were partially red, or blackifh ; but, in the greater number of inftances, the contraction and extra- ordinary twifting of the bowels, had taken place, without any marks of inflammatior.." This is probably the fame difeafe which has appeared among the cats, in various parts of the United States. It made its appearance in Philadelphia in the latter end of May or beginning of June, 1797, when it was computed to have deftroyed four or five thoufand cats. In New-York it was firft obferved in Auguft, 1797. During its continuance there, a number of the cats, as was faid, left the city, and took refuge in the neighbouring country houfes. The number that died, was fuppofed to be three or four thoufand. In two inftances, it was obferved that lap-dogs, which were wont to play with the cats in the houfes to which they belonged, were affected with a fimilar complaint. A diftemper appeared among the cats in Hartford (Connecticut) about the end of July or beginning of Auguft, 1797, where it carried off the greater part of thefe animals. It appeared in Portf- mouth (N. H.) about the fame period ; at Bofton in Septem- ber ; at Albany in Odlober, and at Poughkeepfie, ftate of New-York, towards the end of November. The fame year it was alfo obferved in many of the other towns in the Uni- ted States. We do not know of any inftance of its being obferved in any of the country places; but it was chiefly confined to the large cities. From a Bourdeaux newfpaper of October, 1797, it appears that France has been vifited by £ fimilar epidemic amongft the cats*. One of the heilfh of ( 16 ) ficers had opened the body of a cat to difcover the caufe, and found in it a knot of worms. The name of the place is not mentioned, nor is there any other important information ad- ded to the account. Many other animals, befides the cats, have of late been fubjedt to the influence of fimilar epidemics : Hydrophobia, or canine madnefs, has prevailed in many parts of the coun- try, particularly in the dates of New-England. It prevail- ed in the town of Hartford, Connecticut, in Odtober, 1797, to fuch an alarming degree, that the magiftrates of the town were induced to exert the authority vefted in them by a law of the ftate, for the confinement of all the dogs. Several other places were vifited about the fame period with this dreadful difeafe. In Rhode-Ifland, feveral perfons and cat- tle were bitten by mad dogs and died. The fame circum- stance took place in Bcrkfhire, MafFachufetts, and in many of the towns in the ftate of Connecticut. The Rabies, ano- ther dreadful diftemper, prevailed among the dogs, in the famediftridts and about the fame period. It firft appeared in the town of Berlin, about 12 miles from Hartford, (Con.) in the beginning of March, 1797. Shortly after, the fame difeafe appeared at Hartford, New-Haven, Salem, Spring- field ; and, in many neighbouring parts in the ftate of Maf- Fachufetts, where it proved fatal to fome children, who were bitten by infected dogs. Numbers of cattle alfo died from the fame caufe. A peculiar diftemper prevailed among the dogs in Philadelphia, this fummer, at the beginning of the ficknefs ; perhaps it was produced from a want of fuftenance among thofe who were left by their owners in the city. It is not in our power to ftate the precife fymptoms, nor even the period of the difeafe. In the generality of cafes, the ani- mal appeared p°nfive and dejected*; aid not refufe food ; but made no exertions to procure it; gradually became lean, and, in the laft ftage, would run to diftant places, as if feized with canine madnefsjbut,fortunately,when in this ftate,they riever attempted to bite any perfon or to do harm; nor would they even enter the houfe; but, when exhaufted, laid down in the fields and died. At a farm houfe, about fix miles from Philadelphia, we are informed, that three or four dogs came fick from the city, in one day, and expired in the farm yard. A very violent peftilential diforder prevailed among the cartle in many parts of Germany in the year 1796. Profef- ;or Reich, of the urjiverfity of Erlangen, has wrote a fmalj ( i7 ) tract upon the fubjedt; and, we underftand, he accounts for it upon the doctrine of peftilential fluids, as laid down by Dr. Mitchell, of New-York. A difeafe of a very Angular nature has prevailed among the cattle in many parts of the ftate of Connedticut, for ten or twelve years paft; an account of which is inferted in the Medical Repofitory, publifhed at New-York, vol. i, page 335. In fome parts of MafFachufetts and New-Hampfhire, the foxes, during the winter of 1797-8, have been affedted with a diforder which rendered them an eafy prey to the hunters. Of the particular fymptoms, we have not been able to obtain any correct accounts. We are alfo informed, that geefe, in fome of the eaftern ftates, have been affeded in a fingular manner. Many have been known to feize fome living ob- jedts with their bills, and adhere to them till they died. Nor are the land animals, alone, the objedts of thefe dif- eafes. In the beginning of Auguft 1797, a great mortality prevailed among the fifh in James river, Virginia; the dead fifh were feen floating down the river in aftonifhing quan- tities. In the fummer of 1795, a fimilar mortality occurred among the fifh in Saratoga lake 1 and, fome years ago, a difeafe is faid to have deftroyed gfreat numbers of fifh in a pond near the town of Brookfield, in the ftate of MafFachu- fetts. What references are to be deduced from thefe circumftan- ces, we leave for the medical Philofopher to determine. But it does not appear very probable, that they are in any meafure connected with the caufe which produced the yellow fever among the human fpecies ; as they do not always appear in thofe feafons or places when and where that prevails, but generally in the moft remote parts of the country, which is free from this human fcourge. We fhall clofe this part of our fubjedt with an account of the difeafes which prevailed in Philadelphia previous to its general calamity, as appeared in the Philadelphia Monthly Magazine for July, 1798. " July commenced with uncommonly hot weather; the city being pretty free from ficknefs. The cholera infantum prevailed and carried off" many children. On the 8th of the month, much rain fell, and the air became fuddenly moift and cool. Many cafes of cholera and feveral of dyfentery occurred immediately afterwards. The fubduction of heat from the fkin, the torpor of its vefFels, and the accumulation of blood in the internal parts, in confequ'ence of the appli- ( i8 ) cation of cold to the body, might have been circumftances favourable to the production of thefe difeafes.' " A number of days, about the middle of the month, were extremely cool; efpecially in the morning and evening: fome of them very much refembled autumnal weather. To- wards the clofe of the month, fome cafes of bilious fever, of a malignant nature, appeared ; the weather was fhowery and became warmer. " In treating the cholera infantum, bleeding, calomel, and blifters, were ufed with advantage. Sometimes any one of thefe remedies would cure the difeafe. At other times, the whole of them would prove ineffectual, when it was very violent, or when medical affiftance was delayed. The cold bath cured fome flight cafes, and was employed with advan- tage in the convalescent ftate of this difeafe. "In the dyfentery which occurred, the ufual remedies were fuccefsful; fuch as falts, caftor-oil, laudanum, &c. The laudanum, combined with antimonial wine, and given in the firft and latter part of the night, proved moft ferviceable. In a violent cafe of the complaint, bleeding, blifters and fali- yation were ufed with fuccefs." METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, made in PHILABELPHIA by DAVID RITTENHOUSE, Efquirc. AUGUST. 1793. Barometer.Thermometer Wind. Weather. A. m. 3 p. m6 a. m. 3 p. m6a. m. 3P.M. 6 a.m. 3 p. M. s9 95 3° ° 65 77 WNW NW. cloudy, fair, 30 1 30 1 63 81 NW SW. fair, fair, 30 5 29 95 68 82 N NNE. fair, fair, 29 97 30 o 65 87 S SW. fair, fair, 30 5 30 1 73 90 SSW SW. fair, iair, 30 2 30 o 77 87 SW W. cloudy, fair, 30 12 30 1 68 83 NW W. fair, fair, 30 1 29 95 69 86 SSE SSE. fair, rain, 29 8 sg js 75 85 SSW SW. cloudy, fair, 29 9 29 9 67 82 W SW. fair, fair, 30 o 30 o 70 84 SW WSWcloudy, cloudy, 30 o 30 o 70 87 W W. fair, fair, 30 5 30 o 71 89 SW W. fair, fair, 30 o 29 95 75 82 SW SW. Fair, rain, 30 o 30 1 72 75 NNE NE. rain, cloudy, 30 1 30 1 70 83 NNE NE. fair, fair, 30 1 30 o 71 86 SW SW. fair, fair, 30 1 30 o 73 89 calm SW. fair, fair, 30 1 30 1 72 82 N N. fair, cloudy, 30 1 30 12 6g 82 NNE NNE, fair, fair, 30 15 30 25 62 83 N NNE. fair, fair, 3° 3 3° 35 63 86 NE SE. fair, fair, 30 25 30 15 63 85 calm S. fair, lair, go 1 30 1 73 81 calm calm, cloudy, rain, 30 1 30 1 71 66 NE NE. rain, great rain 30 15 30 2 59 69 NE NE. cloudy, cloudy, 30 2 30 2 65 73 NE NE. cloudy, cloudy, 30 2 3° l5 67 80 S calm, cloudy, clearing, 30 16 30 15 72 86 calm SW. cloudy, fair, 00 1 30 1 74 87 calm SW. rair, fair, 30 o 30 o 74 84 SW NW. rain, fair, METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, MADE IN PHILADELPHIA, BY MR. THOMAS PRYOR, AUGUST, 1797. Thermo- Barome- WINDS and WEATHER. meter ter. * 73 to 75 30 o E-S.E. Rain in the forenoon & afternoon. 2 72 to 76 30 o N. E. by E. Cloudy with rain in the after- noon and night. Wind E. by N. 3 72 to 78 30 6 E. £ N. Rain in the morning, and all day and night. 4 721078 30 4 E. Rained hard all day and at night. 5 74 to 79 29 84 Wind light—S. W. Cloudy. Rain this morn- ing. The air extremely damp ; wind fliifted to N. W. This evening heavy fliow- ers, with thunder. 6 731076 3086 W. N. W. Cloudy. 7 70 to 76 30 4 N. W. Clofe day. Rain in the evening and all night. Wind to E. 8 72 to 76 2995 E. Rain this morning 9 72 to 76 2986 S. W Cloudy morning. 10 69 to 73 30 16 N. W. Clear. 11 701073 30 2s N. W. Clear. Rain all night- 12 71 to 74 30 5 S- W. Cloudy. Rain in the morning.— Cloudy a!l day.—Rain at night. 13 73 to 7* 29 rJ S. W. Cloudy. Rain all day. 14 70 to 74 29 9 N- W. Clear fine morning. 15 56 to 60 30 15 N. W. Clear fine morning. 16 60 to 64 30 24 S. W. Clear fine morning. 17 60 to 65 30 24 N. W. Air Damp. 18 68 to 75 30 4 S. W Cloudy.Rain, with thunder, at night a fine fhower. 19 72 to 78 29 7 N. W. Clear. Cloudy in the evening, with thunder. 20 70 to 77 29 8 W. N. W. Fine clear morning. ai 74 to 76 29 9 N. W. Clear, to E. 22 68 to 76 29 9 E. Small fhower this morning----Hard fhower at 1 r, A M. Wind N. E. 23 71 to 76 2992 E. Cloudy. At noon calm. £4 71 to 75 29 95 Calm morning and clear. 25 70 to 75 30 5 N. E. Clear. Rain in the aftrnoon, with thunder. 26 70 to 75 30 5 S. E. Rain in the morning. Rained hard in the night, with thunder. N. W. 27 68 to 76 29 9 N. W. Fine clear morning. 28 64 to 75 29 96 N. W. Clear. -9 59 Zo 7° 3° ° F. Clear 30 70 to 76 30 1 E. by S. Rain in the morning. 31 68 to 74 30 T4 S E. Cloudy. Damp air and fultry. ( 21 ) METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, MADE IN PHILADELPHIA, BY MR. THOMAS PRYOR. JUNE, 1798. [Fahrenheit's Thermometer in the fliade.] Thermo- Barome- WINDS and WEATHER. meter. ter. 1 62 to 68 29 9—S.W. clear morn, all day clear. 2 62 to 70 29 85—S.W. clear all day 3 66 to 75 6987—S.W. fine morning 4 70 to 80 2g 87—S. E. cloudy, rairi in afternoon g 70 to 80 29 83—S. E. to W. S. W- cloudy, rainy morn; 6 72 to 81 29 83—S.E.cl. m. E. N. E. to N-E. af. rain, and thunder ,7 72 to 80 29 9—Cloudy, N. E.lighttoS.E. 8 68 to 78 36 o—W- clear day. 9 64 to 78 30 o—E. light, clear all day. 10 62 to 74 30 2—E. by N.frefh, clear all day H 62 to 67 30 8—E.frcfh—rain in morn. 12 60 to 78 30 o—N. E. in morn. 13 60 to 69 30 8—N. E.cl. to S-E. rainaft. N- W. insve. 14 60 to 76 30 22—E. S. E. foggy morn, clear aft. 15 68 to 78 30 1—E. light, clear. 16 70 to 80 29 98—W. N. W cl.NE.toES.E.coldeve. 17 61 to 68 30 2—E. N. E. frefh, clouds flying in mom. 18 61 to 75 30 2—N- E. cloudy. 19 62 to -;6 30 2 1—S. by E. rain at night. 20 70 to 78 29 96—S. E. rainy morn. 21 70 to 78 29 92—S. E. clear all day 22 72-to 84 29 94—S. by W. clear day, W- N- W. aft. 23 72 to 84 2997—S.W. cloudy morn, clear xtt. 24 72 to 82 30 5—S. W. clear morn, rainy afternoon 25 74 to 82 30 6—S.W.rainy qiorn. e6 68 to 76 30 6—W. N.W- cloudy. 27 6,5 to 1S 30 6-N. by E. cloudy morn, to W,N.W. eve. 28 65 to 76 ' 30 1—S. W. clear morn. 29 68 to 78 29 9—S. W. cloudy. -o 66*:o8t thunder and rain 16 361055 30 7—S. W. frefh 17 241048 30 16—E. S. frefh, cloudy 18 341050 26 92—E. foggy, rain at night 19 381046 29 98—N. E. cloudy, rain, thunder; rain ateve so 30 to 34 29 9—N. W- frefh ; fnow, deep fnow 21 26 to 33 29 7—W. N-W- clear 22 20 to 35 29 95 — W.N. W. clear 23 24 to 42 29 9—N- W. clear day, full (J 7h. 44m. A. M. 24 26 to 41 30 13—N. W. clear day 25 26 to 33 30 46—N. N. E. clear 26 26 to 34 30 65—N. W. clear morn. 27 261036 30 65—S.W. clear 28 32 to 40 30 i~S. W. hazey 29 38 to 48 30 o—W. hazey 30 361046 30 o—S. "W. h?.zcy morn. C 27 ) CHAPTER II. Firfl appearance of the Difeafe—General alarm—Flight of the inhabitants, &c. . \V E now proceed to the talk of recording the rife, progrefs and attendant circumftances of the late Yellow Fever, the moft tremendous fcourge, perhaps, ever experi- enced in the United States. Its origin is ftill as much a fubjedt of controverfy as in 1793. Thofe who fupport the idea of its domeftic growth, infift much on the long duration of moift, fultry weather, the filth and ftagnant water collecSted in our ftreets, inat- tention of fcavengers, foul air difcharged from the holds of veflels, with their cargoes, ballaft, &c. The difciples of this fyftem are, the Academy of Medicine and their ad- herents. The arguments brought forward in fupport of the above dodlrine, are ftrongly oppofed by the College of Phyficians, and their adherents. They infift that it has been, moft unequivocally, imported; that the weather has not been more fultry this feafon than in many other years, in which not even a fporadic cafe of the diforder was met with ; that the police of our ftreets is vaftly better than formerly, efpecially during the period that the Britifh troops were here, and im- mediately fubfequent to their abandonment of the city. With refpect to the conftrut-Hon of a city, very few are equal hardly any fuperior, to Philadelphia ; the ventilation of which, is completely fecured, let the wind blow in what- ever direction it may, by its ftreets interfering each other at right angles. Independent of thefe general arguments, it is contended, that the difeafe can be as fatisfaftorily traced to the ve.H's.1 or veiTels that introduced it, as the nature of the cafe wil? admit. For, it'has been obferved, that it is one of thole cafes, which will hardly admit of positive or judicial proof. The examination of the nature* and origin of the difeafe, we fhall treat, at large, in another part of this work ; and, at ( 28 ,0 prefent, confine our inquiry only to the narration of thofc circumftances which occurred, and excited general alarm in the city during the period of its prevalence; but, it is neceffary to remark, that a difference of opinion alfo exifts refpecting the nature of the yellow fever : Thofe in fa- vour of its importation, affert that it is a diftin£fc and fpe- cific difeafe, of itfelf, and highly contagious. Thofe in favor of its domeftic origin, affirm, that it is only a higher grade of the common bilious fever of this country, and that it is fel- dom or never contagious. Some cafes of highly bilious fever occurred fo early as the month of June •, and, perhaps, fome even of yellow fever may have occurred during the months of June and July. The Academy of Medicine, in a letter to the Governor of Pennfylvania, dated December 3, 1798, mention eight ca- fes of the fever, which occurred between June 2d and July 12th j but, it does not appear, that the difeafe was commu- nicated by infection from any of the cafes they mention ; nor was any alarm excited till after that period. Many of the inhabitants fufpected, that, in certain places, the poifon might remain during the winter, in the houfes," beds and apparel of thofe who died with, or who had, the fever the preceding year, and that the heat of the fun might again bring it into action this fummer, perhaps from a fuf- picion, founded upon a reference to the tranfient recurrence of a few cafes of the yellow fever, in the fall which fuccee- ded 1793. Upon which account, it was natural to expect, that the inhabitants would be upon their guard, and ufe every means in their power to prevent the return of fo dreadful a calamity ; and, if it fliould be found impoflible to prevent it, that they would, upon its firft appearance, found the alarm. Thelegiflature of Pennfylvania, having found,by experience, that the exifting " laws, for preventing the importation of infectious or contagious difeafes into the port of Philadel- phia, and the Health-Office fyftem thereby eftablifhed, were defective and inadequate," in April, 1 798, palled " an Act to alter and amend the fame, and to extend the powers of the Board of Health." Agreeable to the tenor of this law, a Board of Health was inftituted. /-They entered upon the important and arduous duties of their office in the be- ginning of May laft; and, although they were convin- ced that the new one was ftill defective, and inade- quate to the purpofes contemplated by its framers, they ( *9 ) were determined to make up for its deficiency, if pofTible, by their own vigilance. On the ift of May, the following extract from An act to alter and amend the health laws of Pennfylvania, paffed the 4th of April, was publifhed by order of the Board of Health, Viz. " Sec. 8. And be it further enacted by the authority aforefaid, that every houfe-keeper within the city of Phila- delphia, the townfhips of the Northern Liberties and Moya- menfing, and diftrict of Southwark, within one mile of the limits of the city, taking in boarders, arriving by fea or by land, from any foreign port or place, and having any board- er in his or her family, who fhall be taken fick of any difeafe whatfoever, between the firft day of May and the firft day oi November, in any year, within twenty days next after fuch boarder fhall come to lodge in his or her houfe, fhall, within twenty-four hours next after the knowledge of fuch ficknefs, make report at the Health-Office of the name of fuch fick perfon, the time of his or her arrival at the houfe, and of his or her being taken fick, and of the name and place of abode of fuch houfekeeper; whereupon thePhyfician of the Health-Office fhall forthwith vifit the patient, and report to the Office his opinion of the nature of fuch difeafe, that mea- fures may be taken to prevent the fpreading of infection; and if any houfe-keeper fhall neglect to give information in. the manner and within the time aforefaid, and fhall be there- of convicted, in any court of criminal jurifdiction within this commonwealth, upon indictment or confeffion, he or (he fhall forfeit and pay a fine to the ufe of the faid hofpital, hot lefs than twenty dollars, nor more than one hundred dol- lars, to be impofed at the difcretion of the court, according to the circumftances of greater or lefs aggravation attending each particular cafe." The 5 th feet ion of the fame law enacted, " That all vefiels arriving at the port of Philadelphia, during the months of May, June, July, Auguft, September, October and November, from any port in the Mediterranean, or wa- ters connected therewith to the eaftward of the Straits of Gibraltar, or from the coaft of Africa without the Straits, other than the Cape of Good Hope, and from the main land of North or South-America, or the Weft-India Iflands, be- tween the latitude cf the river St. Mary in Georgia, and the beginning of the latitude of thirty degrees fouth of the equa- tor, fhall be fubjected to ride quarantine before the Marine Hofpital on State-Hand (about five miles below the city) ( 33 ) for a term not exceeding ten, nor mere than twenty days." Inconfequence of which, it was the uniform practice of the Board of Managers to fubjedt all unfufpected veffels to a qua- rantine of ten days only. At a meeting of the BcarJ, on the 28th of the fame month, it was represented that the health laws had been frequently violated and evaded, by perfons landing from veilcls under quarantine, and that the rtfident phyfician and ether officers of the institution, had been obftructed and grofsly infulted in the legal exercife of their duties, in open and avowed contempt of the laws, and to the great danger of the health of the city. The board, therefore, " refolved, " That the refident phyfician, or health-officer of the marine hofpital, inform aii perfons under quarantine, that the 2d Section of the act to alter and amend the health laws, paf- fed April 4th, 170", will be ftrictly enforced, and that no perien under quarantine be permitted to land, except in cafe of imminent diftrds, or a'ofolute neceffity, agreeably to the faid Section." This refolution, together with the lec- tion alluded to, was publifhed for the benefit of all concer- ned. The following is a copy, viz. " Sec. 2. And be it further enacted by the authority afore- idd, Tint every fhip or vefTel, coming from a^v foreign port or place, bound to the port of Philadelphia, between the laft day of April and the firft day of December, in every year, fi:al! ccme to anchor in the river Delaware, as near to the Marine Hofpital as her draft of water and the ftate of the tide and weather will reafonably admit, before any part of the cargo or baggage be landed, or any perfon who came in fuch fhip or vefiel, ihall leave her; and fhall fubmit to the examinations, and obtain the certificate hereafter fpecified : And if any matter, commander, or pilot, fhall leave his fixa- tion before the faid hofpital, or if any matter or commander fhall permit or fuffer any part of the cargo or baggage, or any perfon or perfons arriving in fuch fhip or vefiel, from any port beyond the limits of the United States, to be landed on either fhore of Delaware Buy or river, before fuch examina- tion be duly had, and certificate obtained, the perfon or per- fons fo permitting, and the perfon or perfons fo landing ex- cept in cafe of imminent diltrefs, or abfolute neceffity, be- ing thereof convicted upon indictment, under this act, by verdia, confeffion, or ftanding mute, in any court having criminal jurifdiclion within this commonwealth, fhall be fen- tenxed to, and fuffer confinement in the gaol cf the county ( 3* ) of Philadelphia, for any fpace not lefs than one, nor more than three years." The board, likewife, directed the Health-Officer rending at the Marine Hofpital, to vifit every vefiel, riding quaran- tine, at leaft once every twenty-four hours, at irregular times, to call the roll of the crew and pafiengers, and to fatisfy him- felf that they were all on board j and, if any others fhould be found on board, to fubjedt them to remain until the termi- nation of the period of the vefiel's quarantine. But, not- withftanding thefe precautions, on the 12th of June, the Board received information that two perfons had been on board one of the vefiel's then under quarantine ; which per- fons were accordingly profecuted. The law was alfo evaded by a mode ftill more dangerous to the health of the city and its neighbourhood : both perfons and goods were landed m the ftate of Delaware, previous to the verier*s reaching State- Ifland ; which perfons, together with their goods, proceeded to the city. Information of this nature was communicated to the Board on the 16th of July; and, on the fame day, re- prefentations of another nature, drew, from the Health-Of- fice, the following advertifement: "Whereas, representation* have been made to the Managers of the Marine and City- Hofpitals, that frequent communication is had between ci- tizens of Philadelphia and elfewhcre, and perfons on board of veflels under quarantine, by means of boats going along fide, to the great danger of the health of the city : There- fore, refolved, that every vefiel with which fuch communica- tion has been permitted, fhall perform an additional quaran- tine of five days." There is great reafon for fuppofing that communica- tions between the city and the veflels under quarantine were carried on to a very great extent. It is faid, that perfons from thefe veffels frequently came to the city in the night, and returned again next morning. We are more particular in mentioning thefe circumftances; for, it is poftible that fome of the earlier cafes of the fever were thus introduced. About the end of June, a very great influx of foreigners from the Weft-Indies took place, which created the alarm of o-overnment, from a reprefentation, that their views were hof- ttle to the peace of our country ; but this proved to be pre- mature- It was caufed by the evacuation of Port-au-Prince by the Britifh troops. Eight veffels arrived at the port of Philadelphia on the 5th of July, from the ports of Cape- Nichola-Mole, Jeremic and Port-au-Prince, bringing two ( 3* ) hundred and twenty-feven pafitngers, and one hundred and fixteen feamen. The fudden death of the Marquis de Rouvray, fhortly after his arrival in one of thefe veffels, gave ground for fufpicion, that the feeds of the difeafe might have been thus eariy imported. The period of quarantine, prefcribed by law, was general- ly fuppofed to be infufficient. The Board of Health, in or- der to obviate bad confequences from this defect, on the 2d July, procured fix of Wynkoop's ventilators; the ufe of which had been ftrenuoufly recommended, in 1797, to the gover- nor snd legiflature of Pennfylvania, by the Academy of Me- dicine, as being admirably adapted for expelling the foul air from the holds of veflels, and preserving the cargo and tim- bers from putrefaction. Thefe ventilators, the Board direc- ted the refident phyfician to ufe in all veffels that he fufpec- ted might require them. While the Board of Health were thus employing every means, which they could devife, to prevent a return of the fever by importation, the feledt and common councils, and many other citizens, were equally vigilant, both by private example and public authority, to guard againft its domef- tic generation. The ftreets and alleys were kept clean ; the police-officers were enjoined to be vigilant in their duty, and the inhabitants cheerfully gave them aid. The following paragraphs, from the newfpapers, will convey a more perfedt idea how far thefe precautions were refpedted, viz. From the Philadelphia Gazette. ,l The prefent very warm weather, naturally reminds many citizens of the watering carts, which are depofited in the large wooden-building at the corner of Walnut and Sixth- ftreets. " There can be no feafon of the year in which they might be ufed to greater advantage ; and it is the earneft wifh, I be- lieve, of all Philadelphia, that they were immediately ap- plied to the purpofes for which they were made. As to dif- ficulties, expenfe, &c. furely thefe are no objects in a city, which has too often experienced the fatal effects of dry, hea- ted air. ' " As the great danger is from a collection of dirt, and con- fequent putrefaction in our gutters, I would further propofe, that the perfons appointed to clean the ftreets, inftead of fweeping off the loofe, dry dirt, which had much better be left wheie it is, fhould be employed in pumping the water ( 33 ) into the gutters, and giving them, at leaft, a daily cleanfing. Befides the public pumps, there are a great number of pri- vate ones, whofe owners would be glad to have them ufed in this manner, not only for the general good, but for their own fakes ; as it is well known nothing contributes more to mending the water, than frequent pumping. « July 2. A CITIZEN." " Advice to the inhabitants of Philadelphia and other cities in the United States. " The fummer feafon is the feafon of fevers, and of thofe inflammatory difeafes which attack man. It is principally large cities that are fubjedt to thefe misfortunes. " The efFervefcence of the bile is one of the moft com- mon caufes of thofe difeafes in the warm weather. I think it will be rendering humanity (ervice to point out fome means of prefervation againft the deftroying peftilence. " One of the general caufes of epidemical difeafes, is the noxious quality of air, which becomes vitiated by a variety pf circumftances to which the magiftrates fhould pay the clofeft attention : " i. The ftreets often ftrewed, for days together, with the putrefying carcafes of dead animals, fhould be cleanfed.— Thefe ftreets fhould be daily watered, and the gutters fwept. " 2. A watchful fuperintendance fhould take place over feveral kinds of manufacturies, particularly breweries, fugar- houfes, and others liable to have heaps of fermenting mate- rials. " 3. A fevere penalty fhould be inflicted on keeping pu- trid fubftances in the city. " I will mention an inltance : A few days ago, feveral bar- rels of putrid beef were buried a very few inches under ground, and on the outfkirts of the city. Putrid fubftances fhould be thrown into the river, at a confiderable diftance below the city. " It would alfo be very advifeable to bury the dead, at leaft during the hot weather, at a diftance from the city, and a confiderable depth. " A ftop put to the abufes I have been fpeaking of, would certainly contribute to the prefervation of the cities of the United States from that dreadful difeafe, known by the name of the yellow fever. " As a prefervation for individuals, I would recommend the ufe of acids and vomits to thofc who have the ftomach ( 34 ) loaded with bile. The difufe of animal food, and of fpiri- tuous liquors, a vegetable and plain diet; in a word, what- ever can cool down the heat of the blood and the efFervef- cence of the bile, are recommended. « July 5. AN EUROPE AN." hi the Selecl and Common Councils, July 19, 1798 : " Refolved, That the city commiffioners be enjoined and required forthwith to employ a fufficient number of fuitable perfons, and to caufe them, at leaft three times in every week, during the prefent and the two fuc- ceeding months, to cleanfe and wafh the gutters of the ftreets, .lanes and alleys, within the paved parts of the city ; and that they be ftridtly enjoined to a moft vigilant and fcrupulous attention in keeping the ftreets, lanes, alleys and gutters of the city conftantly free and clear of all noxious matter and filth of every kind." From Porcupine's Gazette. " It gave me pleafure in obferving in this morning's paper that the Select and Common Councils had enjoined and re- quired the city commiffioners to have the ftreets, lanes, al- leys and gutters kept free and clear of all noxious matter and filth ; but I am forry they did not fee the neceffity of paying fome attention to the different docks, and having them clea- ned and kept fo ; as I am of opinion there is as much danger to be apprehended to the health of the city from the putrid filth and noxious matter that lays, for feveral hours in the day, expofed to the fun, in many of the docks, and particu- larly at Market-ftreet, as from any other fource. If the com- miffioners were to give themfelves the trouble of examining the docks at low water, I r.ni perfuaded they would fee the neceffity of having them cleared, without a requeft from the councils to do what is their duty, as I am informed the power already lay* with them." "Auguft ift, 1798. A CITIZEN." In confequence of the extraordinary vigilance of the city commifiicners, in junction with the inhabitants, the ftreets, lanes and alleys, within the city, were never known, in any former period, to be kept cleaner, or in better order. The board of health, the refident and confulting phyficians of the port, and the other phyficians of the city, were equally watch- ful uud vigilant in their departments. ( >5 ) On the 2d July, Drs. Wiftar and Duffield communicated to the board of ^health, the death of Mr. Mark Miller (one of the eight cafes formerly mentioned,) with the yellow fever, at the howfe of Mr. Mark Reeve, merchant, Callowhill- ftreet, between Front and Second-ftreets ; whereupon, the board ordered the houfe in which he died to be clean- fed and white-wafhed ; his bedding and apparel to be taken to the city-hofpital, and buried, for purification ; and that Mr. Reeve's family, and thofe who attended Mr. Miller, be recommended to remove from the city. All this was punctually complied with, and no perfon was "afterwards known to have taken the fever from Mr. Miller. There was not a doubt, among the phyficians, refpedting the nature of the difeafe of which Mr. Miller died. Drs. Hodge and Wiftar, who attended him, de- clared it to have been a true cafe of yellow fever: the black vomit, one of its moft fure and violent charadterif- tics, appeared previous to death. This being one of the earlieft cafes which created alarm, or apprehenfion in the city, this fummer, we fhall be particular to afcertain the precife circumftances of the cafe. Dr. Currie, in his Me- moirs of the Tellonu Fever of 1798, ftates the particulars thus: "June 27th, cool, thermometer only 760 at two P. M. Mark Miller died to-day under the care of Drs. Wif- tar and Hodge, with fymptoms of the yellow fever, 3t Mrs. Reeves's, in Callowhiil-ftreet. He had been much fatigued and debilitated, from loading a vefiel at Almond-ftreet wharf, a mile from his lodgings, in the heat of the day, to which he had walked daily for fometirne. He had, alfo, according to the account of Mrs. Reeves, flept on the bed in which her fon had died of the fever the preceding autumn." By com- paring Dr. Currie's ftatement with our narration, it will appear evident, that he has been mifinformed refpedting fome of the particulars of this cafe. Mr. Reeve informs us, that laft fall, after the fever had fo far fubiided, that the citi- zens were returning to the city, a boy in his employ was ta- ken ill with what was fuppofed to be the yellow fever.^ He had a mild attack, and recovered. During his illnefs, a thick bed-quilt was conftantly kept between the bed-linen and the bed, and that, after his recovery, the bed was, according to advice of the phyfician, laid in an open field amongit thu grafs, and there fuffered to remain for a week or ten days ex- pofed to the cold air and white froft. The bed was afterwards brought home, and, from that period, was in conftant ufe in ( 3* ) the family. Mr. Miller flept upon it for many months pre- vious to his death. On the night of June 5th, Mr. Miller fat up to watch the corpfe of Benjamin Jones, taylor, in Fromberger's court. Mr. Jones had been but fix or feven weeks refident in Philadelphia. About feven or eight months previous,hehad been bit byadogfupppofedtobemad. He was delirious and attempted to bite his attendants. Thefe cir- cumftances produced fufpicion that he had the hydrophobia ; but his phyfician, Dr. Phyfick, who opened his body after death, aflerted it to be the yellow fever. Mr. Miller was taken fick on the night of June 20, fome days previous to which, he had fatigued himfelf in (hipping fome goods at Almond- ftreet wharf, upwards of a mile from his lodgings; to which he walked daily. Whether he caught the infection from Benjamin Jones, whofe body had been opened, or from any remaining contagion in the bed, or*any other local caufe, it will be difficult to determine ; the probability is, that he had imbibed the infection from one or the other of thefe firft- mentioned caufes, and that it was excited into action by over- fatiguing himfelf in the heat of the day. It is faid that two other perfons, who were taken fick af- ter they went to the country, fuppefe that they caught the infection from the above-mentioned Mr. Jones. They were attended in the country by Dr. Ifaac Huddlefton, of Norrif- town. They, however, recovered. On the evening of the 8th July, the armed fhip Deborah, captain Edward Yard, arrived at the fort from jeremie. By the following anfwers to the official queftions, prefcribed by law, it appears that fhe buried eight perfons during her ftay there and paflage home, and that the harbour of Jeremie was O^i. What is the name of this vefiel ? A. Ship Deborah. Q^2. What is the name of the captain ? A. Edward Yard. 0^3- Where does your vefiel belong to ? A. Philadelphia. Q^ 4. How many men belong to this vefiel ? A. Thirty-feven. 0^5. How many paffengers have you brought with you ? Are they now all on board ? And if not, where were they landed ? A. Fifty-eight, on board, landed none. Q^6. When did the vefiel enter on her voyage I A. February 7th. ( 57 ) 0^7' At what port have you taken in the cargo, which you have now on board ? And when did you fail from the fame ? A. Port-au-Prince and Jeremie; left Jeremie 24th of June. Q^8. What does your prefent cargo confift of ? A. Sugar, coffee and cocoa. Q^ 9. What ports or places have you touched at fince you have taken your laft cargo ? And when did you leave them ? A. None. Q^io. Have you touched at any fickly ports, places or iflands, during your voyage ? A. None. Q^i 1. How were the inhabitants and the people belong- ing to the (hipping of the port you have left or touched at, during your voyage ? Were they healthy, or not ? A. Healthy on fhorc, but fickly in the harbour. Q^i2. Have you brought with you all the crew, which you have taken out ? If not, what has become of them ? A. Brought all the crew back but 13, Eight left me. Q. 13. Have you loft any perfons by difeafes during yomv- voyage ? If fo, when, in what place, and what was his or theix complaint ? A. Loft 5 with the dyfentery : the firft at Jeremie and the laft 24th June, feamen and three paffengers. Q^i4. Have you any wearing apparel or bedding belong- ing to deceafed perfons on board ? A. Part of the wearing apparel of the above-mentioned 5 perfons, the reft was funk at fea. 0^15. What veffels have you met at fea, during your laft paflage ? What port were they from ? Have you fent your boat on board of them, or did they fend their boats on board of your vefiel ? Had they any fick on board ? A. Boarded the (loop Fricndfhip : all well. Qw<5. Yourfelf, your people and paffengers, are they all now in good health ? A. All well on board, but one Negro woman, with a fe- ver and lax. EDWARD YARD. July 8th, 1798, 6 o'clock, P. M. sworn. James Hall, Refidt. Phyn. Port. Two ventilators were ufed on board the (hip Deborah for 8 days. James Hall. Mr. William Allen, Health-Officer,\ No. 32, Walnut-ftrect. " 5 ( 38 ) While the (hip Deborah rode quarantine, the following fick perfons were landed from her at the Marine Hofpital, viz. A French black girl, admitted July 8th, died July 14. John Lincoln, a feaman, admitted July 9th, died Aug. 2. Robert Stone, do. admitted July ptb, discharged July 12. Wm. Wallworth, do. admitted July 10th, do. July 19. Jonathan Farnham, do. admitted July 11, do. July 20. Robert Price, do. admitted July 1 ith, do. July 12. On the 16th of July, the Board of Health diredted the rcfident and confuiting phyficians, to examine the fhip De- borah, and report to them their opinion reflecting her con-i dition previous to the expiration of her quarantine, and to caufe the bedding and apparel of thofe who had died, to be landed at the marine hofpital for purification ; accordingly, on the 17th of the fame month, Dr. Samuel Duffield, the confuiting phyfician, and Dr. James Hall, the refident phyfi- cian, reported, that they had vifited and carefully examined the ftate of the (hip Deborah, captain Yard, from Jeremie ; and had found the fame remarkably clean, and the people on board, in perfect health : Captain Yard informed them, that he loft three of his people in Hifpaniola, and two on his paf- fiigc home ; the laft on the 24th of June, befides three paf- fengers : one was a lady juft from Europe : (he died on the 2d r.f July, ef a fever, which terminated in conftant purging, but withcut vomiting, or any uncommon yellownefs of the (kin. A white child died on the 26th of June, and a Negro child died on the 7th of July. The latter fuppofed to be cccafioned by a wound which it had received on the head, by runimg agamft one of, the pikes. That the captain was of opinion, that all his people who ded, brought on their dif- eafes by intemperance, and by expofing themfelves, when in that ftate, to the rain and night air. That he further declar- ed to them, that none of the people who died, either of his crew or the paffengerc-, had any thing like black vomiting, extraordinary yellownefs of the (kin, or, as far as he was a- ble to judge, with any of the ftriking fymptoms of the yel- low fever ; and that their difeafes were not communicated to any other perfons from any of thofe that died. That upon confidering the report of captain Yard, and comparing it with the pi-efent very healthy appearance of the people on b^.rd, none of whom appeared to them to have been affect- ed by the difeafes of thofe who died, and the number of per- fons now on board (ninety-five) they were of opinion, that C 39 ) the difeafes of which the before-mentioned perfons died, were no-t of a contagious nature : That they were more con- firmed in this opinion, from the ftate of tne four perfons be- longing to that (hip, who were then in the marine hofpital, none of whom exhibited any fymptoms whatever of a conta- gious or malignant nature: That they were alfo of opinion, that the fhip was now in a perfect and wholefome ftate ; that the people were free from every appearance of contagion : that the bedding and cloathing of all the perfons who died in the veffel, had either been thrown overboard, or landed at the hofpital. In confequence of this report, the Deborah was permitted to proceed to the city ; where (he arrived on the 18th of Ju- ly, and difcharged her cargo near Race-ftreet wharf. Many circumftances have occurred to excite ftrong fufpi- cion that the contagion was imported in the (hip Deborah. In confequence of which, we have endeavoured, as far as is in our power, to acquire a juft knowledge of the moft im- portant fails relative thereto; and to ftate them with all poflible precifion, that the public may be the better enabled to form a correct judgment upon this important queftion. The Deborah failed from Philadelphia in February, 1798, for Cape Nichola-Mole; where (he arrived in Mirch ; in April (lie failed from thence to Port-au-Prince, from Port- au-Prince to Jeremie, and from thence back to Philadelphia. Thefe places, which are in the ifland of Hifpaniola or St. Domingo, had long been garrifoned by Britifli troops. In confequence of which, they were more peculiarly adapted to the generation of peftilential difeafes. Dr. Currie was informed by Mr. Lewis, the mate, that previous to the Deborah's taking in her cargo, at Jeremie, (he was employed as a tranfport in the Britilh fcrvice. That the yellow fever prevailed in thofe places to which the Debo- rah went is afcertained by c mtain Yard's anfwer to the official queftion, No. 11. He alfo acknowledged " in converfation « with a gentleman fhortly after his arrival in Philadelphia, « that while he lay at Jeremie, a very mortal difeafe was pre- ' « valent there, which the natives called the Maladie de Siam a U name by which the yellow fever is known in many parts tt of the Weft-Indies, particularly the French Iflands) of «*vhich the captain and the chief part of the crew of an « Euglifh fhip, from Liverpool, died."* * Currie's Memoirs, p. 132. ( 40 ) The prevalence of the yellow fever in St. Domingo, at that period, is further confirmed by the following letter to Dr. Griffitts, from Dr. Edward Stevens, who was there (hortly after; and who is well acquainted with the difeafe, viz. « Sir, « During my refidence at Santo-Domingo and the Cape, I received frequent information that the yellow fever prevail- ed in almoft all the fea-port towns in the French part of Hif- paniola, particularly at Cape Nichola-Mole. It raged fo vio- lently at this latter place, and the mortality was fo great, that it obliged the Britifh to abandon the poft fooner than they intended. About the fame time this difeafe made its appearance in the harbour of St. Thomas, and was fo def- trudHve to foreigners, that it obtained the name of the plague from all thofe who fpoke of it. At Santo Domingo I faw feveral cafes of it, during the months of Auguft and Septem- ber. Thefe were entirely confined to American feamen, while the native inhabitants of the city were altogether ex- empt from it. The, privateers which frequented this port loft aim feveral of their crew by this fever, while they re- mained at anchor. fl I mentioned to you that a fimilar difeafe had broke out on board of the fchooner Swift, at Porto-Rico. The follow- ing are the facts refptdting that vefiel, viz. On the nth of laft March, (he failed from the Delaware, and, after touch- ing at Tortola and St. Thomas, arrived at the city of Santo Domingo on the 13th of April, where (lie continued until the 26th of June, when, (he went to the Cape, and returned again on the id of Auguft, without touching at any other port. She remained at Santo Domingo until the 28th of October, and then failed for Porto-Rico, where (he arrived on the 5th of November. She anchored at the entrance of the harbour, at a confiderable diftance from any other vefiel. A (hort time before (he left the city of Santo Do- mingo, (lie took on board, from a French privateer that had been difmantled, a quantity of rigging, fails, guns and am- munition. From the time that (he left Philadelphia until her arrival at Porto-Rico, the crew were healthy, except two of the failors, who were affected with venereal complaints. The fecond day after (he anchored at this latter port, the mafe and one of the failors began to complain ; and the greateft part of thf crew, together with the captain, were fucceffive- iy attacked. lac two firft died after a fliort illnefs, and one ( 41 ) of the others during her paflage to America. The captain efcaped, in confequence of being brought on fhore and care- fully attended, at the commencement of thediforder. When (he arrived at Porto-Rico, and during her ftay there, both the harbour and city were remarkably healthy, and her crew had little or no communication with either the fhore or the (hipping. Thefe are all the facts which have come to my knowledge refpecting the exiftence of this difeafe in the Weft-Indies, during the laft fummer and fall. EDWARD STEPHENS. Walnut-ftreet, December 26, 1798." Depofition of Mr. John Boden, carpenter of the fhip Deborah .• State of New-Jerfey, city of Burlington,^ On the 27th Auguft, 1798, before Jofeph Bloomfield, mayor of the city of Burlington, appeared John Boden, of faid city, (hip-carpenter and free-holder in the fame; and being duly fworn, depofeth and faith, that on the ill Dec. 1707, this deponent (flipped himfelf as carpenter on board the Deborah, Edward Yard, commander : that faid (hip fail- ed from Philadelphia in February laft, for Cape Nichola- Mole, and arrived at faid Cape about the middle of March; from whence the faid fhip, in April lait, went to Port-au- Prince ; while at Port-au-Prince, Henry Philips, one of the failors of faid (hip, was taken very ill with what is called the yellow fever : that, during his illnefs, the faid Henry Philips told this deponent (and often times fince) that he had taken the yellow fever, in attendance upon a man of his ac- quaintance, who had the yellow fever, and died on board an Englifh brig at Port-au-Prince, while the faid Philips was on board faid brig, and with his faid acquaintance. This deponent further faith, that faid Henry Philips has a wife in Philadelphia ; but is now on a voyage to Europe. That this deponent aflifted in nurfing faid Philips, while in the yellow fever, as aforefaid, at Port-au-Prince, until this deponent was feized (on the voyage of the Deborah to Jeremie) with the fame yellow fever, which this deponent believes he caught of Philips: That, while at Jeremie, feveral of the crew of the Deborah had the yellow fever; that Efdell, Rofs and feveral others of the crew died: That in June the De- borah left Jeremie ; that on her paflage to Philadelphia, Mil- ler, the boatfwain, Brown, Smith and one other failor, with three paffengers, died, as was generally believed, of the fame ( 42 ; fever : That while faid fhip was under quarantine at Fort- Mifflin, no perfon of her crew died, to this deponent's know- ledge ; nor was any perfon permitted to go on board, cr on fhore, to this deponent's knowledge, while riding qua- rantine, except the Health-Oflicers and bargemen of the yawl, which brought faid Health-Officers on board : That while the faid fhip was difcharging her cargo, at Smith's wharf, in Philadelphia, George Streeton, (hip-carpenter, vi- fited this deponent, and was about half an hour on board faid fhip: That faid George Streton has lately loft a fon, as this deponent has been informed, of the prefent prevailing ficknefs in Philadelphia : That the faid George Streeton has removed from Philadelphia with his family, and now refides in the Falls' townfhip, in Bucks county; and further this de- ponent faith not. JOHN BODEN. Sworn, as aforefaid, before Joseph Bloomfield, Mayor of Burlington. ' The Deborah remained ten days at Smith's wharf, near Race-ftreet, difcharging her cargo; and, on the 25th of July, (he was removed to Mr. Eyre's wharf, in Kenfington, to be ' repaired. It was currently reported, and is generally be- lieved, that Alexander Philips, late of Water-ftreet, taylor, with fome other perfons, from pecuniary motives, went down in a boat, while the Deborah was riding quarantine, and brought one or two fick perfons from her to Philips's houfe*. But, after a candid and judicial enquiry, we are of opinion, that the affertion is unfounded, as will appear by the fol- lowing documents, viz. Declaration of Thomas Town, as publifhed by the College of Phficians. *' Mr. Thomas Town, citizen of the Northern Liberties, Philadelphia, related to Dr. Wiftar, that on the ift of Au- guft, 1798, he faw Alexander Philips, late of Water-ftreet, taylor, in Second-ftreet, and inquired of him, whether it was true (as reported) that he had brought up privately fome fick men from the (hip Deborah, foon after her arrival in the river, and had received ten dollars for fo doing; and, that Philips replied, that he had brought up two or three in one or two boats. Mr. Town believes he faid that he had Currie's Memoirs of the Yellow Fever, page 130 and 132. ( 43 ) gone down as low as Marcus Hook. Philips faid he had taken fome of them to his own houfe, and that one was dead. He added, that he was forry it had been done; that he was fick himfelf, but hoped his complaint would turn out a cold. " He ftated that he had done it as an act of friendfhip, in return for favours received. " On the Sunday morning following, Mr. Town was in- vited to Philips's funeral. « THOS. TOWN, " CASPER WISTAR, Jun. « Nov. 16th, 1708." The following paper was given to Doclor William Currie, fa Mr. John Pur don, and publifhed by the College of Phyficians. " Mr. Purdon fays, that, on the afternoon of the ift or 2d day of Auguft, being at the houfe of Mr. Alexander Philips, in Water-ftreet, he was informed, in the courfe of converfation, by Mr. Philips, that he himfelf had gone down to a fhip at the fort, and brought from thence one of his old lodgers, then fick, to his own houfe in Water-ftreet. Mr. Purdon obferved to him, with horror and aftonifhment, that he had acted very v/rong, and immediately departed from his houfe. Mr. Philips, on that day, was apparently in perfect health ; on the Saturday night following he was a corpfe. Mr. Purdon was not informed by Mr. Philips from what (hip he had conveyed the fick man, but by Mr. Ifaac Milnor, a few weeks after, that it was from the (hip Deborah, and on the ninth night of her quarantine." A letter from Mr. Edward Yard, late majler of the fhip Deb?- rah, to a member of the Academy of Medicine, publifhed by the Academy. Philadelphia, January 11, 1799. Sir, " In. anfwer to your requeft, I can affure you,, that no perfon, fick or well, were landed from the (hip Deborah, on her paffage to this port, until her arrival off the marine hof- pital, when thofe who were indifpofed were taken on fhors bv the refident phyfician. ' " I arrived in the bay of the Delaware on the 7th of July, in the afternoon; and anchored near the buoy of the brown. I got under way from that place at four ©'clock, on the ( 44 ) morning of the 8th, with a fine breeze at S. S. E. and did not anchor in the Delaware until half paft five o'clock, P. M. of the fame day, nearly a*breaft of the marine hofpital. No boat was along fide of the (hip, nor did any boys come on board during that time; nor did any boys or men ever come infide my fhip during my quarantine, or fince that time. I am, Sir, &c. EDWARD YARD." Depofition of Abraham Snell, publifhed by the Academy of Medicine, viz. Philadelphia,/: Perfoually before me, John Jennings, one of the alder- men of the faid city, appeared Abraham Snell; who being duly fworn, doth depofe and fay, that on or about the 10th day of July laft, he went down the river in a boat, in the company of the late Alexander Philips, with a view of taking fome articles to John Linkin, on board the (hip Deborah, then performing quarantine : when arrived with- in hailing diftance, we were informed that Linkin had been taken on fhore to the marine hofpital. That neither he nor Mr. Philips went on board the fhip; nor did they bring up any perfons out of her. Further, that he boarded with Mr. Philips from the 8th to the i8th of July, during which time he knew of no fick perfons having been brought to the houfe. ABRAHAM SNELL. Sworn and fubfcribed before me, ~) the 27th day of Dec. 1798. 3 JOHN JENNINGS, Alderman. Depofition of Jane M'Farlin. Jane M'Farlin, being fworn as aforefaid, doth depofe and fay, that (he lived with A. Philips, from 8th November, 1797, to 5th Auguft, 1798, and knew of no fick perfoni being brought into the houfe, during that time. her JANE X M'FARLIN. mark. Sworn and fubfcribed before me, \ the 27th day of Dec. 1798. 3 JOHN JENNINGS, Alderman. ( 45 ) Depofition of Mary Philips. Mary Philips, widow of the late Alexander, being alfo fworn, doth depofe and fay, that no fick perfons were brought into her houfe by her hufband, or any other perfon, during the laft fummer. Farther, that no perfon from the Deborah boarded in her houfe, except Jonathan Farthingham, who had been fick and difcharged (cured) from the Marine Hof- pital, after the (hip arrived in the city. MARY PHILIPS. Sworn and fubfcribed before me, ~) the 27th day of Dec. 1798. 5 JOHN JENNINGS, Alderman. Extract from Dr. Carrie's defence of the opinions of the College of Phyficians. ,f To weaken, and, as far as in their power, to invalidate the opinion of the College refpedting the origin of the difeafe in Philadelphia laft year, the Academy have brought forward the teftimony of feveral perfons in fome degree interefted in difguifing, or at leaft withholding fome part of the truth. Thefe go to prove that the declaration of Alexander Philips, who told Meffrs. Towne and Purdon, fcverally, and at dif- ferent times, that he had brought fick perfons to his houfe, was falfe. Mr. Purdon had called on Philips to requeft pay- ment of an account he owed him—Philips affined him that he would pay him in a few days, as he had been down the river and brought up an old lodger, whom he had occafion for as a witnefs, but that he was then fick." " That Philips had a man, belonging to the Deborah, fick in his houfe, at the time he was fick himfelf, is certain from the teftimony of Dr. Griffitts, who prefcribed for him." There was no inftance of the fever being in Kenfington until the Deborah went there, nor was it in any cafe known to be contagiotis before her arrival. The people belonging to her, labourers who afiifted to unload her, carpenters who re- paired her, and others who vifited her, were the firft who wese attacked with the difeafe; indeed, a very confiderable proportion of the firft cafes have been traced to this vefiel. [See the recapitulation at the end of this chapter.'} It is probable that the contagion was imported from the Weft-Indies in other veffels befides the Deborah. On the 21 ft of July, the fchooner Aurora, with eleven paflenger*, y G ( 4<> ) and fourteen feamen, and the Ariel, with twcn y-tuo paiTeii- gers, and twelve feamen, arrived at the fort from Cape-Ni- chola-Mole. Two paffengers died on board the Aurora, dur- ing her paflage. She was boarded in the bay of Delaware, on the 16th of July, by James Nagglee, pilot. Then it rain- ed. He got wet, and in that ftate, he flept upon the deck. He alfo flept upon the deck on the 19th, expofed to the fun; and on the 22c!, he complained of pains in his legs and feet. He was taken to the Marine Hofpital, on State-Ifland, on the 23d, and died (July 28th)—the fifth day after his admiffion. Previous to his death, he became delirious, vomited blood, and bled at the nofe. The mate of the iUrora alfo died at the Marine Hofpital. When he was admitted, he had a fwelling in his groin, ac- companied with fores in fundry other parts of his body—par- ticularly his head; but, upon examination, he denied that it was lues vencra. When landed, he walked up to the hofpital, and did not appear to have a high fever; but, the day after, he was fuddenly taken with a convulfion fit, and died deliri- ous on thefixth day after his admiffion. The Ariel was boarded by James Roland, pilot, on the 16th of July; he flept in the mate's birth, and was not expofed to the bad weather. He was a very temperate, fober man. On the 25th, he complained of a fevere pain in the head, and was fent to the Marine Hofpital on the 26th. When admit- ted, he had a flow fever, and complained of great weaknefs. He died on the third day after his admiffion. Previous to death, he was affected with the hickup, oppreffion of the breaft, and heavy breathing. He bled once at the mouth, and his fkin was yeiicw. Thefe circumltances induced the Board of Health, to pro- long the quarantine of the Aurora and Ariel to twenty days; during which, they were well cleanfed, wafhed with vinegar, white-wafhed, and had two of Wynkoop's ventilators work- ing on board. They came to the city on the 10th of Auguft. On the 19th of July, the brig Mary arrived at the fort from Kingfton, Jamaica, with fix paffengers and twenty-two fea- men. After ten days quarantine, fhe came up to the city, (July 29) and began to difcharge her cargo, confifting of cof- fee and cocoa, at Rofs and Simpfon's wharf, below W.d- nut-ftreet. Part of the cargo was much damaged, and in a putrid ftate. Several fudden deaths occurred about this time in the neighbourhood, and the inhabitants were alarmed. ( 47 ) In confequence, information was lodged at the health-office, purporting that the coffee and cocoa, landed from faid brig, and ftored at Rofs and Simpfon's, was in a putrid ftate, and extremely offenfive. Likewife, that a ftore in the fame block of buildings.belongingto Mr.Dawfon, contained a quanticy of hides, in a putrid and offenfive condition. That Mr. Dawfon had died that morning of a fever, which had excited great alarm in that neighbourhood, and that his daughter was ill of the fame fever. In confequence of this report, the mayor, by requeft of the board, caufcd all the coffee to be returned on board the brig ; and ordered, that fhe fhould be removed from the wharf oppofite to the Wind-Mill ifland; from whence fhe was, together with all the hands who worked on board, removed to State-ifland, v/here the articles were landed for purification, and the veffel carefully cleanfed. The Academy of Medicine, in their communication to the Board of Health, of the 8 th of Auguft, fay, that they derive the rapid progrefs of the fever, during the firft week of Au- guft, to the foul air of feveral fhips lately arrived in the port, and from the damaged coffee of the above vefft. But, as the difeafe had made fome progrefs before the arrival of the bring Mary, it could not, therefore, have proceeded from her alone. The confuiting phyfician, on the 25th of July, intimated to the Board of Health, that two ftrangers, who had arrived at a tavern in Front-ftreet, were lying fick; and, on the 30th of the fame month, Chriftopher Holmes, from Penn-ftreet, was fent to the Marine hofpital; that the houfe was ordered to be cleanfed, and the bedding and apparel removed to the City Hofpital for purification. The fame day, a report was made to the board, by Mr. James Yard nnd Dr. Samuel Duffield, ftating, that George Ralfton, who had laboured on board the Deborah, died that day, after a (hort illnefs. A letter from Dr. Hall, the fame day, mentioned the death of a perfon, who was taken to the Marine Hofpital from the fhip Neftor. The number of deaths and new cafes of the fever, which daily increafed from the 28th of July to the 6th of Auguft, alarmed the citizens, and became a general topic of conver- fation. The college of Phyficians met on the fixth of Au guft : at which time about 26 cafes of the fever were known to exift in the city. After conferring together, they unani- moufly agreed to the following refolutions; which were im- mediately communicated to the Board of Health : ( 4« ) « Refolved, That the College inform the Board of Health, that a malignant contagious fever has made its appearance in Water-ftreet, between Walnut and Spruce-ftreets, and in the vicinity thereof: and " That the College recommend to the Board of Health to procure the removal of all the families that are fituated be- tween Walnut and Spruce-ftreets, and the eaft fide of Front ftreet and the river; and to have all the (hipping, lying be- tween Walnut and Spruce-ftreets removed to a proper dif- tance from the city." In confequence of this communication from the College, the Board of Health met, and on the 7th, they publifhed the following recommendation, viz. « Health-Offce, Jth Augufil, 1798. " Whereas, the Board of Managers of the Marine and City Hofpitals of the port and city of Philadelphia, having received information from the College of Phyficians, " that a malig- nant contagious fever has made its appearance in Water- ftreet, betwten Walnut and Spruce-ftreets, and in the vicinity thereof;"—and the reports of Dr. Samuel Duffield and Dr. Parke, appointed particularly to examine that part of the city,fpecifying the particular cafes found therein—Therefore, refolved, that in order to prevent, as much as poffible, all com- munication with that part of the city, that the health-officer caufe the veffels now lying at the wharves between Tun-alley and Jeffe and Robert Wain's wharf, including the faid wharf, to be removed, and that no veffel of any defcription what- ever be fuffered to come to the faid wharves until the further order of the board. " The board alfo earneftly recommend to the inhabitants of that part of the city, included between Walnut and Spruce- ftreets, and the eaft fide of Front-ftreet and the river, and alfo thofe immediately in the vicinity thereof, to remove without the bounds of the city and Liherties as fpeedily as poffible. " By order of the Board of Managers, « WILLIAM JONES, Prefident. " Attest, « TIMOTHY PAXSON, Clerk." The veffels were accordingly removed from the wharves above fpecified. But, inftead of being " removed to a pro- per diftance from the city," as recommended by the College, they were diftributed to the other wharves. Moft of them ( 49 ) were fent to the upper parts of the city. The brig Mary, who brought the damaged coffee, &e. was the only vefiel which was removed from the city. Perhaps from this caufe it was, that the difeafe, foon afterwards, fo rapidlyfpread, and produced fuch a general depopulation. Another circum- ftance which may have aided its fpreading, ought not to pafs unnoticed : a quantity of the damaged coffee, before mention- ed, was fcattered on the wharf, which the itinerant poor un- fortunately gathered up ; and thus, probably, carried home the inftrurnent of their deftrudtion ! The removal of the inhabitants, from the city, was earneft- ly recommended in the daily papers; nor was any time loft in communicating the caufe for alarm. The following com- munication, recommending provifion for the removal of the poor, is extracted from Porcupine's Gazette, of Auguft 7th, viz. " The yellow fever is in this city. It is now come out, that it made its appearance about a week ago. Several per- fons are dead with it, and, according to all the accounts I have heard, it fpreads with greater rapidity than it did laft year. " A number of ftories, with regard to its origin, are, as ufual, on foot; but, I believe, the beft way would be to lay afide all Yain difputes on this fubjedt, and prepaid, as quick as poffible, to make provifion for removing thofe who have not the means of removing themfelves, to fituations more healthy." The Philadelphia Gazette, on the fame day, contained the following " Communication----An immediate attention to the advice of the board of health, in evacuating the infected quarter is, perhaps, the only meafure by which our unfortunate city can be refcued from increafing affliction. Individual intereft fhould yield to a temporary facrifice, in order to avert the public calamity. It is a duty every citizen owes to the com- munity, as v.eii as to himfelf, to be vigilant in removing the objects, and thereby impeding the progrefs of contagion. «« To thofe who neceliarily remain in the city, it is slmoft fuperfluous to intimate the neceffity of avoiding thofe parts where the contagion prevails. A fentiment of klf-preferv::- tion, if not of duty to fociety, will be a fuflicient reftraint.—* Under the favor of heaven, and our own precaution, we m.iy then hope to be foon reftored to health, profperky, and hap- pinefs." ( 5° ) The Academy of Medicine met on the 8th of Auguft, to communicate their fentiments to the Board of Health : they prefented the following document, which was publifhed for the information of the public, viz. " THE Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia, having taken into confideration the exiftenceof a malignant bilious fe- ver in this city, have conceived it to be their duty to lay before the managers of the Marine and City Hofpitals, the following facts refpedting its origin, and the means of checking its pro- grefs. " We have, upon inquiry, difcovexed that a cafe of this fever- exifted in the city on the 6th of June, and that feveral c'afes of it exifted in July, in parts of the city remote from the river, and wholly unconnected with each other. They ap- peared to originate from the putrid exhalations of alleys and gutters, and docks, and from the ftagnating water in the neighbourhood of the city. We derive the late rapid increafe of the fever from the foul air of feveral fhips lately arrived in the port, and from fome damaged coffee which arrived, in a brig from Jamaica on the 29th of July. In the courfe of our inquiries into the origin of the fever, we did not meet with a fingle fact that could fupport the opinion of contagion be- ing imported in the bodies cr clothes of fick people in the fhips or veffels which lie between Walnut and Spruce ftreets, where the difeafe has prevailed moft. Many refpedt- able modern authorities affert that the yellow fever is not con- tagious m the Weft-Indies, and repeated obfervations fatisfy us, that it is rarely fo during the warm weather in the United States. None of the cafes we have as yet feen, have propa- gated it, and we conceive it to be an error as abfurd, in its jiatmc, as it has been fatal in its operation upon the city of Philadelphia, that the contagion of a difeafe fhould adhere to the timber of a fhip after a fea voyage, and fhould fpread from the timber of the fhip without contact through an extenfive neighbourhood, and ceafe to communicate itfelf afterwards by long and clofe connection of the fick with their families and attendants. We lament that this fact, together with many others upon the nature and origin of the yellow fever, which were dated in our letter to the Governor, on the ift of December, 1797, and by him laid before the legiflaturc of the ftate, have been treated with total neglect in the prefent health law: the diftrtfs we felt upon feeing that law is, how* ever, much alleviated by the reflection, that we have not con- ( 5* ) M tributed, in any degree, by fupporting an erroneous opinion, to reproduce the prefent alarming calamity of our city. " We beg leave to recommend for the purpofe of check- ing the progrefs of the fever, an attention to the following directions: " i ft. The removal of all the families from thofe parts of the city where the difeafe, from the contamination of the at- mofphere, appears chiefly to exift, and the preventing thofe parts being vifited by the citizens. " 2dly. The removal of all fhips and putrid articles of commerce from the wharves and ftores of the city. " 3dly. The cleaning of the docks, wharves, yards and cellars; alfo the wafhing of the gutters every day, and of the ftreets and alleys three times a week, by means of pumps and fire engines. " 4thly. The appointment of a fufficient number of phy- ficians to take care of fuch of the poor as maybe affected with the fever. " 5thly. Publicly to advife the citizens to avoid all the ufual exciting caufes of fever, fuch as intemperance, fatigue, exceffive heat, the night air, all violent and debilitating paf- fions of the mind. " 6thly. To advife them, in every cafe of indifpofition, however flight in appearance, to apply immediately for me- dical aid. " Signed by order of the Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia, « PHILIP SYNG PHYSICK, Prefident. " Francis Bowes Sayre, Sec'ry." The City Hofpital was now opened for the reception of the lick, and, on the 9th, the board of health gave public intima- tion, " that on a certificate being prefented to the Health-offi- eer, from any regular pradtifing phyfician, ftating any perfon to be afflicted with a contagious diforder, he is directed to grant an order, and have them removed to the City Hofpital." From the ift to the 8th of Auguft, the total number of deaths in the City and Liberties, was fifty-three: four fick perfons were admitted into the City-Hofpital on the 8th; nine perfons on the 9th, and eleven on the 10th. The deaths and new cafes daily became more numerous; the alarm increas- ed, and the flight cf the inhabitants was now general. ( 52 ) Recapitulation of the principal occurrences previous to the ytft of Augufi, and dates of the firft cafes. 1798. April 4. Health Law enacted. May 1. Board of Health elected—the law commences. 28. The Board are informed that perfons and goods are landed from the veffels under quarantine, in viola- tion of the law. June 5. Benjamin Jones died—See page 36. 6. Mary Wrigglefworth lias the fever—See appendix, page xx. 11. Rebecca Trefted has the fever—.See append, p. xx. j 2. Two perfons violate the Health law, by going on board a Veffel under quarantine. 16. The Board are informed that perfons and goods had been landed from veflels, in the ftate of Delaware, previous to reaching the place of quarantine, and from thence brought to the city. 27. Eliza Curran has the fever—See appendix, p. xx. July 2. Mark Miller died of the yellow fever - See p. 31J. Molly Zeller has the fever—See appendix, p. xx. 5. Three hundred and forty-three perfons arrive in the city, from places in the Weft-Indies, wheie the yellow fever raged—See pages 31 and 39. 8. Ship Deborah arrived at the fort. 11. Mifs Byrne has the fever—See appendix, p. xx. 12. Mr. Vannoft has the fever—See appendix, p. xx. 18. The Deborah arrives at Race-ftreet wharf. 25. George Raliton, a labourer on board the Deborah, attacked with the fever—died. 26. A (hip carpenter, who worked on the Deborah, and lodged at A. Thompfon's, Water-ftreet, dies of the yellow fever. 28. Another of A. Thompfon's lodgers dies of the yel- low fever—CI he fever was not in any i'fiafice known to be infectious previous to t't'is date—The Debo; ah re- moves to Kenfington. 31. Mi*. David Jamie, another of A. Thompfon's lodg- ers, takes the fever—and on the 5th of Auguft A. Thompfon's child was attacked. Aug. 1. A. Philips, next houfe to A. Thompfou, attacked— died the 4th—Jan.ca Porter, next door to George Streeton, atf:; k;.u'.—diod. ( 53 ) Aug. 2. John Butcher, who worked on board the Deborah, attacked—James Afhmore, apprentice to Mr. Yard, worked on board the Deborah, attacked—died.— James Kerr, George Adams, and ---- Simons, alfo apprentices to Mr. Yard, were all attacked a few days after Afhmore. 3. Two labourers from the Deborah, named Sutton, attacked—one died-----Samuel Baker, Daniel dc Benneville, Catherine Pecky, Mrs. Benneville, Jofliua Baker, and Jacob Miller, were attacked previous to the 9th Auguft, and had either been by the Deborah, or nigh fome perfons fick of the fe- ver—three of them died.----John Saunders, near where the brig Mary was unloading the damaged coffee, attacked. 6. The Colleg • of Phyficians meet, and report 26 cafes of the yellow fever. 7. The Board of Health make public, the exiftence of the yellow fever in the city—City Hofpital opened. 8. The Academy of Medicine prefent their opinion to the Board of Health, fee page 50—four perfons admitted into the City Hofpital. 9. Nine perfons admitted into the City-Hofpital H C 54 ) CHAPTER III. The difeafe increafes—City drferied—Arrangements for the re- moval of the fick to the City Hofpital—Burial of the dead— Care of the fick poor in the City—Want offuccefs at the City Hofpital-'—Removal of the poor to tents—i rofpecl of the City at the crifis of the difeafe—Decline of the difeafe, &c.—State tf the City from the commencement to the decline of the cala- mity. jfj^BOUT the beginning of Auguft, the news-papers an- nounced the uncommon healthinefs of the cifv ; a circum- ftance which has occurred towards the beginning of that pefti- lence in almoft every city of the United States, where it has appeared. It was the cafe with Philadelphia, New-York, and Baltimore, in 1797; and with Philadelphia, Bofton, New- York, and fome other towns, this year. Even, on the firft ap- pearance of the difeafe, we have been congratulated for the uncommon health of the city. Declarations of uncommon health, at this feafon, will, perhaps, hereafter, be looked upon as an omen of difeafe. The publications of the College of Phyficians, the Board of Health, and the Academy of Medicine, on the fixth, fe- vcnth, and eighth days of Auguft, produced the moft ferious alarm amongft all claffes of citizens. Numbers fled, and crouded into the furrcrunding towns and country, to the dif- tance of twenty, thirty, and even fifty miles from the city, to provide refuge for their families and friends. The removals from the city were much more general and more rapid than in 1793. It is probable, that at leaft twice, if not three times the number of perfons fled this year, as at any former period. Many who had been witnefles to the diftreffes of 1793 and 1797, and appeared then the moft undaunted, were now the firft to remove from danger. For the firft three weeks after the alarm, the ftreets were crouded with waggons and carts, loaded with goods and furniture. Forty or fifty wag- gons, befides earts, have been feen in their route to the coun- ( 55 ) try, in one direction. One fquare, in the centre of the city, where, in 1793, there removed only about twenty-five perfons, in 1798, there were above one hundred and forty. The difperfion began about the fixth and eighth of Auguft, and, altho' moft numerous in the two fucceeding weeks, they continued partially until the middle of September. Many, who at the beginning, when the difeafe was confined to parti- cular parts of the city, had adopted the refolution of (laying, and confining themfelves to their houfes, were afterwards in- duced to remove; becaufe,the difeafe approached either their doors or neighbourhood. The number who fled from the city have been eftimated at three-fourths to five-fixths of the whole inhabitants : the total number of inhabitants have been efti- mated at fifty to feventy thoufand. We have eftimated them* at fifty-five to fixty thoufand ; and we think it probable, that about forty thoufand may have removed from the city. In 1793, our citizens complained of inhofpitality in the country, arifing principally from the terror created by the novelty of t»a diforder. Then it was believed to be as contagi- ous in the country as in the unfortunate city, which poured forth its fugitives in every direction. It was not, therefore, to be wondered, that our citizens were fhunned, as if even their approach carried inevitable deftrudticn. To repel fuppofed dangers, guards were ftationed, with arms, to flop the flight of the wanderers. They were then refufed the necef- faries of life; and, in many inftances, they died for want. Many could not always procure a comfortable lodging. The cafe was rather different this year. An idea, now prevailed, grounded upon the experience of 1793 and 1797, that the diforder was not communicable in the country; in confe- quence of which, there was lefs difficulty made to the recep- tion of our citizens. Throughout the country, the houfes were generally open for them : accommodations were fur- nifhed at reafonable rates : the extortions pradtifed were few. Tliere were fome however, fignalized by avarice. Altho' accommodations were generally afforded reafon- able ftill the fufferings of our citizens ware very confider- able, Many perfons, accuftomed to fpacious houfes, and all the comforts and luxuries which Philadelphia could furnifli, were obliged to content themfelves with, perhaps, one fmall room, wherein two, three or four beds were crouded together; be- sides this, in fome fituations remote from markets, the fare * Pajje 8. ( 5* ) was very coarfe ; and, in fome places, not abundant. Inftan- ces have occurred, of women, in a (lateof parturition, in bleak* defolate rooms, almoft without afliftance. The Health Office was removed from Walnut ftreet to the City Hall, where ft was kept open, night and day. The City-Tavern was (hur up, and the different public offices, banks, £cc. were removed, either to the remoter parts of the cit-y, to Germantown, Trenton, Chefter, &c. &c. Meantime, the difeafe continued to increafe,and appeared in parts of the city, remote from where it firft was difcover- ed. The number of deaths in the city and fuburbs was col- lected for the newfpapers, and publifhed daily. The returns of the City-Hofpital were alfo regularly reported; and, after the 15th of Auguft, a daily report of the new cafes was pub* lifhed, collected from the different phyficians, by Mr. John Jarvis, who was employed by the Board of Health for that purpofe. Thefe reports were a index by which the citizens were enabled, with fome degree of certainty, to judge of its progrefs, extenfion and decline. The arrangements of the Board of Health, for the removal of the fick, interment of the dead, &c. were judicious and early. They empowered all the regular practifing phyficians to grant orders for ad- miffion into the City Hofpital, and coachees were provided by the Board for that purpofe.—At the Hofpital burying- ground, graves were always ready: the grave-diggers re- mained day and night in the yard.—When a perfon died, it was only neceffary to make application at the Health-Office, where hearfes and coffins were in readinefs to convey the Corpfe to the grave. The patients in the City. Hofpital were placed under the management of Dr. Philip Syng Phvfick, and Dr. Samuel Cooper. They refidcd there conftantly, and were furnifhed with two affiftants;—a competant number of nurfes and attendants, with medicine, and every thing ne- ceffary for the comfort and relief of the fick j—nor were the poor, who were fick in the city, negleaed : fkilful phyfi- cians were appointed to attend them, and medicines provid- ed for their ufe, at the expenfe of the public. The north part of the city, and the Northern-Liberties, were placed under the care of Dr. Francis Bowes Sayre, Dr. James Meafe, and Dr. Kinlaid: Southwark, and the fouth part of the city,'were attended by Dr. John Church and Dr. Benjamin Duffield- and the poor of the city were attended by Dr. Samuel Duf- field : In the early period of the calamity, the difeafe affumcd a ( 57 ) more malignant form, than it did in '93 cr '97, and very great mortality took place : not o?ie infix cafes now reco- vered. Several of the phyficians announced their intention of leaving the city—perhaps, urged by the recollection of the great mortality among phyficians the year previous.—An idea that it was the plague, and incurable, was generally propagated and believed: Nurfes were with difficulty procu- red, perhaps from the experience of '97, which proved, that the native blacks were not more exempt from the difeafe than the whites.—-An almoft univerfal antipathy to the ■'_ ity Hof- pital prevailed. The terror of being forceably fent there, pre- vented many from acknowledging their ficknefs, until they were unable to conceal it ; and fcarcely one patient in ten would acknowledge thai his difeafe was the prevailing fever. This operated in producing a delay in calling for medical afiiftance, until that period, when it was difficult to overcome it by the power of medicine. A want of confidence likewife prevented many from applying to a phyfician for advice. They were convinced, from experience, that in jarring opinions, humanity is often loft fight of, by an obftinate ad- herence to error : in the former years, the medical pen was, in many inftances, dipped in gall. "The feveral combatants took their peculiar grounds, and difdained, in too many cafes, to fave the life of a human being, by following any other fuggeftions than their own.'They diffracted the public mind, and (hook all confidence in medical afiiftance." But, the reverfe of this was exhibited this feafon ; and it was truly agreeable, to obferve the harmony that prevailed among the phyficians in this period of ficknefs and diftre fs. They all agreed in advifing their friends to leave the city; altho' they "derived" the difeafe from different caufes. The practife of the one, therefore, became more affimilatedto that of the ether. The Board of Health, impreffed with a fenfe of the con- fequences of delaying to apply for medical aid, on the 13th of Auguft, publifhed the following recommendation : " Health-Office. The Board of" Managers of the Marine and City Hofpitals have obferved, with deep regret, the f\tal confequences of delay in the applications for medical aid,, to perfons afflicted with the prevailing malignant fever, md that the removal of patients to the City Hofpital, in many cafes, is procraflinated until they are iitcraily fent there' to die. " They recommend, in the moft earned, manner, the e »r- !y removal of patients to the City IlofpirJ,- where, the :"i.!?- ( 5» ) lie may be affined, that every poffible comfort and accommo- dation will be afforded.—The public are informed, that the care of the patients, and management of the City-Hofpital, is committed to Doctor Phyfick and Doctor Cooper, who refide conftantly there, and whofe profeffional eminence, it is prefumed, will enfure a juft confidence. " An apothecary alfo refides at the Hofpital, with an am- ple (lore of the belt medicines. " The Board cofifider this recommendation as of the high- eft importance, and entreat the attention of their fellow-citi- zens. " By order of the Board of managers : « Wm. Jones, Prefident-" Notwithftanding this recommendation, the fatal effects of delay in calling in the aid of medicine, daily became more , numerous; in confequence, the Board, on the 18th of Au- guft, repeated their admonition in the following publication : " The malignity of the prevailing fever, and its infidious approaches, are fuch, as to refill the power of medicine, un- lefs application is marde in the firft inftance of complaint.— The Board lament that their recommendation has not been attended to ; as, in moft inftances, the patients have been ill three or four days previous to application for medical aid ; to which, in a great degree, is to be attributed, the deaths of many valuable members of fociety. The Board reiterate their call to their fellow-citizens, and earneftly requeft, that not a moment may be delayed in obtaining medical affiftance." The unparalleled mortality which occurred in the City Hofpital, the firft five days after it was opened, alarmed Doc- tors Phyfick and Cooper, the refident phyficians. Thirty-one patients had been admitted, of which ten died, and none had as yet recovered; in confequence of which, they addreffed the following letter to doctor Rufh : City Hofpital, Augufi 12, 1798. DEAR DOCTOR, Our want of fuccefs in treating the prevailing difeafe, makes us anxious to hear from you, in hopes you may have added fome new and ufeful remedy to thofe heretofore in ufe. It is true, all our patients have been fick, at leaft two, and fome of them nine days previoufly to their admifuon. Is there any mode of relieving thefe unfortunate people, which you can fuppofe we are unacquainted with ? We recollect your ( 59 ) observing, that an emetic had been ufeful, after the difeafe appeared to be mitigated by bleeding. If you can fpare a few minutes to write to us, on thefe fubjedts, you will much oblige your fincere friends, &c. PHILIP SYNG PHYSICK. SAMUEL COOPER. Dr. Benjamin Rufh. THE ANSWER. My dear and worthy Friends, I am forry to difcover, by your letter, your want of fuc- cefs in the treatment of our malignant fever, at the City Hofpital. I do not wonder at it: you feldom fee the difeafe in is firft ftage; and, when' you do, you meet it in an aggra- vated ftaje, by the motion your patients undergo in being con- veyed to the Hofpital. In anfwer to your requeft, I have fat down to inform you of the practice which I have adopted in our prefent epidemic. In the treatment of the yellow fever of laft year, I have oc- cafionally lamented the lofs of patients after reducing the pulfe by bleeding, and by the liberal ufe of purging medi- cines. I have fufpected that death occurred in thofe cafesa from the ftagnation ©f acrid bile in the gall-bladder, or ns elofe adherence to the upper bowels, in the manner defcribed by Dr. Mitchell, in his account of the yellow fever in Vir- gina, in the year 1741. The flow pulfe which occurs about the 4th day, I fufpect further to be the effect of this bile. Its effects in a much lefs morbid ftate in the jaundice, in reduc- ing the pulfe, is well known. Mr. John Hunter fays, he once met with an inftance in which it fell to thirty-two ftrokes in a minute in that difeafe. Revolving thefe fact in my mind, I refolved to try to remove this bile, by exciting an artificial cholera morbus, about the 4th day of the fever. I was the more difpofed to attempt this method of cure, from believing, as I have done for feveral years, that a Cholera Morbus is no- thing but the firft grade of billious fever thrown in upon the bowels, juft as the Dyfentery and Diarrhoea are the internal forms of a common billious or intermitting fever. I began this mode of treating the fever eights day ago. My folicitude for the iflue of it was very great. Thank God, it has fucceded to my wifhes; and thereby leifoned, in a great degree, the anxiety and diftrefs which accompany onr at- tendance upon this ferocious difeafe. The medicines I ufe for ffjahing the gall-bladder and bowels, nod difcharging the ( <5o ) contents are, tartar-emetic, gamboge, jalap and calomel, combined, or given feparately, and in fmall or large dofes, according to circumftances. Perhaps Turpeth mineral might be added to this lift of vomiting and purging medicines with advantage. In one cafe, I gave four grains of tartar-emetic, and twenty of calomel. It operated freely upwards and down- wards, and brought away a large quantity of green and black bile, but without exciting the leaft cramp or pain in the ftomach or bowels. At the time I gave it, death appeared to be creeping upon the patient. The next day he was out of danger. The perfon thus refcued from the grave, was the fon of Mr. Richard Renfhaw. Indeed, I have not, as yet, loft a fingle patient to whom I have given this powerful remedy. In one inftance I fear it will fail. It is in a boy of fixteen years of age, to whom I have given near thirty grains of tar- tar-emetic in the courfe of a few hours, without producing the leaft evacuation from his ftomach or bowels. I have ob- ferved the fame increafe of ftrength after its operation, that we obfexve after bleeding and purging in the beginning of the fever. Vomits are old remedies in the yellow fever of the Weft- Indies. I gave them on the firft day of the difeafe in the year 1793, and always without fuccefs. They uniformly did harm, when given in the beginning of the fever, in its worft grade, in 1797. The reafon of this failure in their efficacy, I now perceive was, becaufe they were given before the violent morbid action in the fyftem was reduced or moderated by bleeding and purging. After this change is induced in the difeafe, they are perfectly fafe. The time for exhibiting them fhould be regulated by the pulfe, and other fymptoms. In moderate cafes of the fever, they are as proper in its firft ftage, as on the fourth day. As there is a bliftering point in all fevers, fo there appears to be an emetic point in the yellow fever. It may occur on the fecond, and it may be protracted to the fixth or feventh day of the difeafe. I have not given the medicine I have mentioned in any cafe where the patient com- plained of pain or burning in the ftomach; but, I have con- fidered a naufea, and a moderate degree'of puking, as no ob- ltacle to its ufe ; for, Dr. Phyfick has taught me by his diffec- tions, that thefe fymptoms may exift without the leaft infla- mation in the ftomach, and that they have been abfent where the ftomach has appeared after death to have been highly in- flamed. The cure of the fever fhould not reft upon a fingle dofe of ( 61 ) the medicine. I have given two dofes of it in a day in feveral cales, and have given it in one cafe, every day for three fuc- ceffive days. It has often been remarked, that no two epidemics are ex- actly alike. They vary not only in different climates, but in the fame climate in different years. They even vary with the changes of the weather in the fame feafon. The fever of 1797 differed in feveral particulars from the fever of 1793, and the prefent epidemic differs materially from both. In many of the cafes I have feen, it exceeds the fever of laft year in its ma- lignity. Thefe variations in difeafes call for correfponding changes in our practice. I have communicated an account of the time and manner of difcharging the contents of the gall-bladder and bowels to fe- veral of our brethren. I ardently hope it may be univerfally fuccefsful in their hands ! If any thing new occurs in your practice in the Hofpital, do me the favor of informing me of it. With belt wifhes for your health and fuccefs in your pre- fent arduous fituation, I am your fincere friend, BENJAMIN RUSH. Doctors Physick and Cooper. Auguft 13, '98. The following remarks, attempting to prove that the difeafe is contagious, is taken from the Philadelphia Gazette : " The prefent alarming fituation of our city, is, alas! tru- ly deplorable—almoft in a general ftate of infection with a difeafe, to whofe virulence, medicinal (kill is lamentably com- pelled to acknowledge its inferiority ! Former experience is rendered, in a great meafure, ufelefs, by the very material dif- ference in the nature of the difeafe.—The moft copious bleed- ing, and the moft violent purgatives have been found ineffec- tual ; and the fuccefs that will attend the new fyftem of emp- tying the gall-bladder, is, at leaft, problematical. With regard to the opinion of the non-contagion of the diforder, I have very great reafon to doubt it. I have known, lately, feveral in- ftances, that could not be accounted for upon any other prin- ciple than that of contagion. The moft ftriking of the cafes I allude to, is, where feveral of a family, living in a healthy and uninfected part of the city, took the diforder from a per- fon in the family, whom they had for feveral days clofely at- tended ; without having themfelves been in any part of the city that could even have been fuppofed to be infected. I ( <** ) would caution my fellow-citizens not to truft too implicitly t» tha; fatal opinion, which his been fo induftrioufly pr6pagated. A confidence in it, in cafe it fhould happen to be erroneous, may prove the deftruction of thoufands, while, by acting un- der a difbelief of it, and ufing every poffible precaution, many lives may be preferved. It is at leaft doubtful whether it is, or is not, contagious ; and there being a doubt, I think the wi- fell courfe to be purfued is obvious: 1 would advife my friends, to avoid, as much as poffible, expofing themfelves to the night air, or morning fogs; nothing tending more effectually to predifpofe the body to infection." Many perfons who had gone into the country for fafety, were afterwards feized with the fever. It is more than proba- ble that they had imbibed the contagion before they left the city. In confequence, the Board of Health, on the 22d of Au- guft, authorifed the phyficians to receive into the Hofpital, all fuch perfons as came from the country. There were now about fifty patients in the Hofpital: the new cafes amounted to about forty, and the deaths, to above thirty, per day.—The difficulty of procuring nurfes to attend the fick, induced the Board df Health, to folicit fuch perfons, of good character, as were willing and qualified for that office, to leave their ad- drefs at theJHealth Office;where citizens, who required them, were invited to apply. The fufferings of the poor, and, indeed of many others in middling circamftances of life, were extreme : deprived, as they were, of all employment, and unable to procure money from thofe who owed them ;—a ftagnation to trade and other caufes, rendered them incapable of removing their families to the country ; and many of them were almoft, literally, ftarving : even the refources of credit were not left; as there were Very few ftores open, or bakers who remained in town. In this crifis, the Guardians of the Poor liberally ftepped for- ward ; and, in junction with the Board of Health, erected tents on the eaft bank of the river Schuylkill; to which they invited the citizens to remove with their families. There were alfo tents afterwards erected at Mailers' Place, for the fame laudable purpofe; and provifion was made for the relief of the poor in the city, whofe fituations prevented them froft* removing. The following are the names of the phyficians who re- mained in town, at this trying oeriod: Dr. Rufh, " Dr. Meafe, Dr. Griffitts, Dr. Wiftar, ( 03 ) Dr. Gallaher, Dr. B. Duffield, Dr. Caldwell, Dr. Park, Dr. Harris, Dr. Stuart, Dr. Connover, Dr. Strong, Dr. Proudfit, Dr. Biglow, Dr. Leib, Dr. Kinlaid, Dr. Church, Dr. Pfieffer, Dr. Boys, Dr. Yeatman, Dr. S. Duffield, Dr. Trexo. French Phyficians. Dr. Munges, Dr. Laroche, Dr. Pafcallis, Dr. Devivier. Names of the members of the Board of Health, who con- tinued to meet and tranfadt bufinefs: William Jones, Ifaac Price, William Penrofe, John Watfon, William Linnard, John Infkeep, William Dawfon, Timothy Paxfon, James Oldden, Jofeph Eaftburn. William Allen, Health-Officer. William Nefbitt, Clerk to the Health-Office. The two latter gentlemen were in this dangerous occupa- tion in the years 1793 and 1797. The Lncreafed malignity of the difeafe, together with the extreme diftreffes of the poor, induced the Board of Health to prefent the following pathetic addrefs to the public: Health-Office, September I, 1798. Fellow-Citizens, Impelled by the awful progrefs and unparalleled malignity of the prevailing fever, we are conllrained to addrefs your feelings, as well as your reafon, in order to avert the fatal des- truction, which, with rapid ftrides, is pervading our ill-fated city and fuburbs. The beft fkill of our phyficians, and all the powers of me- dicine, it mult be acknowledged, have proved unequal in the conteft with this devouring poifon. With the moft affecting fympathy, and anxious folicitude, we have, to the beft of our judgments, endeavoured to em- ploy, as circumftances appeared to require, the power and the means entrufted to us, in arrefting its progrefs, a'nd alleviat- ing its concomitant miferies. We (hall continue to employ them with unremitting zeal; but, we have neither the power nor the means to accomplifh all the measures neceffary to jDheck its extenfion, or provide for the preffing exigencies of • ( <*4 ) the moment. The powers delegated, and appropriations made by law, co the inftitutions under our direction, are impotent, indeed, when compared to the magnitude of the occafion. It remains for our fellow- citizens to attain, by theiv energy, the ends, which, alone, can flop its progrefs and diminifh its horrors. We have, in conjunction with the Guardians of the Poor, caufed tents to be erected on the eaft bank of the Schuylkill, for the accommodation of the indigent; where near twelve hundred are already provided for, out of the fund appropria- ted for the ordiiurv relief of the poor. This is but a partial mitigation of the evils which environ thoufands who have a claim upon the philanthropy of thofe who are in mere for- tunate circumftances. The difficulty of procuring a place of refuge, at prefent, in the country, is too well known; and the expenfe attending the removal of a family, has difcouraged many from the attempt, who are in circumftances to live comfortably at h'>me. What remains to be done ? Citizens of refpectability and influence !—come forward, and form yourfelves into a com- mittee for the purpofe of erecting, on the weft bank of the Schuylkill, all the tents that can be collected : let the tents be floored with boards, and made as comfortable as poffible.—If tents cannot be had, boards, in abundance, may be procured for the erection of fheds. Admonifh thofe citizens who have no place of refuge, to take fhelter there,—particularly thofe from the eaft part of the city, the diftrict of Southwark, and the Northern Liberties.—In fhort, all who can leave their homes, without manifeft injury ;—except thofe who are ne- ceffary for the protection of the city and liberties. The committee fhould have the general fuperintendance and regulation of the tents, and authority to preferve order ; contract for certain fupplies of bread, meat, vegetables, wood, &e. at the loweft poffible rates. Thofe who are not in cir- cumftances to pay, mult be fuppiled by public bounty. It is at leaft an unequal, perhaps an unjuft mode of raifing money by an appeal to the humanity of generous individuals; but, if on any occafion, it may be juftified, the prtfent may be affumed without hefitation. We call your attention to the actual and undifguifed ftate of our city. Confider the mortality and rapid increafe of the fick at fo early a period.—View the lift of your phyficians, and mark how few are at their pofis ,- and we believe vou will think, with us, that the prefervation of health is only to be at- tained by flight. t «5 ) Do not flatter yourfelves, fellow-citizens, that this picture is too highly coloured : we fpeak from conviction, and a knowledge of facts; and doubt not, but that the lives of hun- dreds, perhaps of thoufands, may be preferved, by the adop- tion of thefe or fimilar meafures. WILLIAM JONES, Prefident. Much merit is due to the framer of this elegant, feeling, and pathetic addrefs, which, in a very ample manner, pro- duced the contemplated relief. The Board of Health were, however, aware, that it could not produce the immediate fupply which their exigencies prefently required. To obvi- ate which, they requelted their committee, which was ap- pointed to act in junction with a committee of the Guar- dians of the Poor, for the purpofe of railing means for the relief and afiiftance of perfons defirous of removing from the City and Liberties, to procure, if poffible, the neceffary aid. They accordingly met, and agreed to the following resolutions: " Refolved, That a general fubfcription be folicited on loanj the fums to be fubfcribed to be reimburfed out of any fund which the Legiflature may hereafter appropriate for the pur- pofe. " Refolved, That Peter Mierken, William Jones, Ifaac Price, James Oldden and Jonathan Robefon,be appointed to receive the monies fo raifed, to be applied under the direc- tions of the Managers of the Marine and City Kofpitals, and the Guardians of the Poor. " Approved by the Board of Guardians of the Poor, « PETER MIERKEN, Prefident. « Alms-Houfe, Sept. 3, 1798. " Approved by the Board of Managers of the " Marine and' City Hofpitals, « WILLIAM JONES, Prefident. « Health-Office, Sept. 4, 1798." Scarcely had the above-mentioned addrefs, and refolutions of the joint committees, made known to the public the de- plorable ftate of the city, and fufferings of the poor, than the citizens of Philadelphia, then refiding at Germantown, ac- tuated by the cbaradteriftic philanthropy and benevolence, for ■which they are fo eminently diftinguiflied, met, and came to the following refolutions, viz. Germantown, September 3, 1790. « The citizens of Philadelphia at prefent refnih.g in and near Gcrmantewn, being deeply affected at the accumula- ( 66 ) ting diftrcfs of their fellow-citizens who remain in the city of Philadelphia, and particularly impreffed (from the addrefs of , the Board of Health of the ift inftant, and the refolutions of the Committee of the Board of Managers of the Marine and City Hofpitals and the Guardians of the Poor, dated this day) of the neceffity of immediately affording all the relief in their power, convesed this afternoon at the Union School-Houfe, for the purpofe of advancing the objeds defignated m the addrefs and refolutions— The Hon. Thomas Mifflin, Efq: in the chair. James Gibfon, Sec'ry. " The chairman read to the meeting the addrefs of the Board of Health, as publifhed in the papers—and the refo- lutions of a committee of the Managers of the Marine and City Hofpitals, and a committee of the Board of Guardians of the Poor. " The chairman then proceeded to mention the extent to < which the Board of Managers and the Guardians of the Poor were authorifed by law to provide funds for defraying the expenfes of thefe eftablifhments; and information being given, by other members, of the expenditures and appropria- tions of thefe funds already made, which rendered them in- adequate to the demands of the prefent exigency—the meet- ing came to the following refolutions : « Refolved, That a fubfcription for a loan/not exceeding 30,000 dollars, for the afiiftance and relief of our fuffering \ fellow-citizens, be forthwith opened. « That Robert Wain, Richard Hill Morris, General Mor- gan, Ifaac Morris, Richard Peters, Robert Smith, Charles Shoemaker, William Rawle, Daniel Smith, Henry Pratt, Charles Biddle, Samuel W. Fifher, George Latimer, John Wall, Robert Hare, William Sanfom, Robert Ralfton, and William Buckley, be a committee to procure fubfcriptiona to the faid loan. " That the committee be authorifed to borrow of any of the Banks, fuch fum, not exceeding the fum now agreed to be raifed, as it may be neceffary to advance for the purpofes of thefe refolutions. " That the committee (hall appoint one of their number treafurer, to whom each member (hall, from time to time, pay over his collections ; and the treafurer fhall, on receipt there- of, depofit the fame in the Bank of Pennfylvania, in an ac- count to be opened for that purpofe, and fubjedt to the drafts of the Managers of the Marine and City Hofpitals, ( 67 ) and the Guardians of the Poor, after deducting the amount of any monies advanced on the credit of the fund. • " Refolved, That the Secretary caufe the proceedings of this meeting to be publifhed in one or more of the newfpa- persofthe city of Philadelphia. Adjourned. " Signed by order of the meeting, « THO'S. MIFFLIN, Chairman." The jSrofpect which the city now'afforded was truly deplo- rable. Accounts, from almoft every quarter eaft of Seventh- ftreet, furnifhed the moft gloomy pictures of difeafe and death. The City Hofpital contained about 100 fick perfons, and the daily admiflions amounted to about 22. One hun- dred and feven new cafes, and fixty-feven deaths, per day, had been reported*—and to add, if poffible, to the general dif- trefs, the fons of rapine and robbery were availing themfelves of the unguarded ftate of the city, to enhance themfelves by their ignominious plunder. On the night of the 2d of Sep- tember, the bank of Pennfylvania was opened, and robbed to the amount of one hundred andfixty-two thoufand eight hundred and twenty-om dollars andfixty one cents, in cafh and notes, the particulars of which we will hereafter relate. Every thing feemed to portray ruin and defolation: even the perfons em- ployed to drive the hearfes and coachees, for the conveyance of the fick, by their bad behaviour, were aiding the mafs of per- plexity. In confequence of which, the Board of Health were induced to advertife for fober and well-recommended perfons to fill this office. To alleviate, in fome degree, the fufferings of their fellow- citizens, Drs. Ru(h and Griffitts publifhed the following fa- lutary MEDICAL ADVICE TO THE CITIZENS OV PHILADELPHIA. The following directions for the prevention and treatment of the prevailing fever, are affectionately recommended to thofe citi- zens of Philadelphia, who are unable to procure the regular at- tendance and advice Of phyficians, by BENJAMIN RUSH, SAMUEL P. GRIFFITTS. September 3d, 1798. THE feeds of the difeafe may exift in the body, for a con- fiderable time, without doing any harm. It is generally ex- cited by one or more bf the following caufes, which of courfe, * See table, at the end of this chapter. ( 68 ) ought to be carefully avoided, viz. fatigue, a long walk, (landing in the fun, or in a current of air, intemperance in eating and drinking, coftivenefs, violent paffions, or fudden emotions of the mind, thin drefled, light bed clothes, and, above all, the night air. It is of confequence for our citizens to know, that we have but one fever in our city at prefent, and that every febrile indifpofiticn partakes of the prevailing malignant epidemic. Hundreds have died from miftaking the firft ftage of the fe- ver for a common cold. The miftake is a natural one; for, it comes on like a cold, and is frequently excited by cool, or cold air. This remark is intended to produce anplications- for medical aid as foon as poffible after feeling the leaft fymp- tom of indifpofition at the prefent juncture. In the forming ftate of the fever, when the patient feels (lightly indifpofed, and before he is confined to his bed, the following remedies generally check the difeafe: A purge of falts, caftor oil, era dofe of jalap and calomel. If thefe fail of giving relief, a gentle fweat fhould be excited in the ufual way. If there be much pain in the head or back, and the pulfe be full, or tenfe, ten or twelve ounces of blood fhould be loft, before the ufe of the fweat, and either before or after taking the purge. Entire reft from bufinefs and ex- ercife of all kinds will be neceffary to give efficacy to the above remedies. If the exiftence of the difeafe were more early, and more generally admitted, and the remedies which have been re- commended, ufed before the fever was completely formed, there are the ftrongeit reafons to believe there would be much lefs mortality from it. ! After the difeafe is formed, and appears with more or lefs of the following fymptoms, viz. chills, great heat, head-ache, a rednefs in the eyes, ficknefs at the ftomach, vomiting, pains in the back, limbs and bowels, &c. the following remedied are proper. i. The lofs of ten or twelve ounces of blood, two or three times a-day, while the pulfe continues to be full, or tenfe. If the pulfe fliould be flower, and apparently weaker than natu- ral, it calls for bleeding as much as it dees when it difcovers preternatural fulnefs and tendon. 2. The bowels fhould be purged, at the fame time, with czr jomel mixed with jalap or rhubarb, in powders or in pills,__ The operation cf this purging medicine fhould be aided, when pra&icable, by clyfters, compofed of half an ounce ef ( *9 ) glauber falts, diffolved in half a pint of warm water, or of half a pint of warm water with fweet oil, molaffes, and common fait, of each a table-fpoonful, in it. The bowels fhould be kept gently open through the whole courfe of the difeafe, by means of the above clyfters, and any other gently purging medicine. 3. If the ftomach fhould be fick and oppreffed with bile, a - vomit of ipecacuana, or tartar emetic may be given at any time on the 3d or 4th day of the difeafe, provided the pulfe has been reduced by previous bleeding and purging. From five to ten drops of laudanum may be given to compofe the ftomach if the vomit fhould, operate more than three or four times. 4. Calomel fhould be given from the beginning, in dofes of from two to five grains, every two hours, in order-to ex- cite a falivation. If the calomel fhould purge more than two or three times a-day, four or five drops of laudanum may be given two or three times a-day, in order to confine the calomel to the bowels, and thereby to determine it to the mouth and throat. We have feen no death where this me- dicine has produced a falivation. 5. After the pulfe is reduced by bleeding and purging, if the difeafe has not yielded, a profufe fweat fhould be excited by wrapping the patient up in blankets, with five or fix hot bricks wetted with vinegar applied to different parts of his body, and giving him at the fame time large and repeated draughts, of hot camomile or fage tea, hot lemonade or weak punch, or any other hot liquor that is agreeable to him, to drink. This fweat fhould be continued but four or five hours at a time, and but once in the twenty-four hours. If the patient fhould become fainty, during the ufe of this excellent remedy, it fhould be discontinued for a few hours, but renewed (under the circumftances above mentioned) if the difeafe (hould continue. 6. Blifters (hould be applied to the wrifts ,and ankles, in common cafes, about the third or fourth day of the fever, if the pulfe be reduced, or the ficknefs at ftomach is troublc- fome. If the head be much affected, a blifter fhould be ap- plied to the neck or to the crown of the head, firft cutting off the hair and fhaving it, and if the ftomach fhould be much affected after the third or fourth day a large blifter fhould be applied to it. 7. In cafe of delirium with a languid pulfe, poultices of raw garlic, with a little muftard, fhould be applied to the feet- K ( 7° ) 8. Frefh air (hould be admitted into fick rooms at all times, and cool air in the beginning of the fever when the fkin is hot, and the pulfe full and tenfe. In this ftate of the fever, the hands, feet and face fhould be wafhed, ten or twelve times a-day, with cold water. In a cool ftate of the fkin, or when the body is covered with fweat, cool air and cold water are improper. 9. T\e body and bed linen of the fick (hould be frequent- ly changed, and all offenfive matters difcharged from them, (hould be inftantly removed. In cafes of great weaknefs the patient fhould not be per- mitted to rife from his bed when under the operation of purg- ing phyfic, nor upon any other occafion. 10. The drinks of fick people in the beginning of the fe- ver, fhould be toaft and water, tamarind water, lemonade, currant jelly diffblved in water, apple water or barley water. In the latter flage of the fever, the drinks may be porter and water, claret and water, milk and water, or camomile tea. Weak tea and coffee may be taken in the beginning of the fever. In its fecond flage the patient may eat bread and milk with roafted apples or foft peaches, chocolate, fago, ta- pioca, ripe fruits, weak chicken or veal broth, and a little boiled chicken. It will be improper to depend exclufively upon anyone of the above remedies. The combined force of them all is barely fufficient, in many cafes, to evercome this formidable difeafe. The following which we fuppofe to be the production of Dr. Currie, was publifhed in the Gazette of the United States - DIRECTIONS How to efcape the Tellow Fever now prevalent in Philadelphia. Addreffed particularly to thofe citizens whofe circumftances will not permit them to comply with the recommenda- tions of the Managers of the Marine and City Hofpitals. ^ The fever which at this time prevails in our unfortunate city and fuburbs, is the very fame in kind as that which pre- vailed in '93 and '97, occafioned by imported contagion, and was introduced into it for want of efficient health-laws, and the proper regulation of quarantines ; as I propofe to make appear in a future paper. This contagion, however, appears, from numerous obfer- vations, and the moft authentic fads, to be capable of pro- ducing fever, only under particular circumftances: thefe cir- ( ■ 7i ) cuunftances, removed or avoided, the contagion becomes in- active and harmlefs. This fever had not been obferved to exift in Philadelphia, for more than thirty years, before the year '93—and has ne- ver been known to exift in the winter feafon in this climate * differing in thisrefpect, from thofe contagious fevers that are bred in jails, hofpitals and prifons fhips; but perfectly re- fembling the plagues which have been introduced at different times into different maritime towns in Europe from certain parts of Africa, and the Turkifh dominions in Europe bor- dering upon Afia. The circumftances which render the contagion of the yel- low fever active, and favour its fpreading or becoming epi- demic, appear to be, hot, rarified and ftagnant, or confined air, more efpecially when replete and altered in its falutary quality by putrid exhalations from dead vegetable and ani- mal fubftances. Under the recited circumftances the majori- ty of thofe who approach very near to, or come in contact with the fick, fo as to receive the exhalations emitted by the lungs or fkin, become in the courfe of a few days, moft com- monly on the fifth or fixth day after fuch expofure, affected with the fame kind of fever, but as all that approach within the fame diftance to the fick do not afterwards take the dif- eafe, though they have received the contagious particles into their bodies, it implies that their conftitutions are not difpo- jfed to favour its operation, that is, that they are poffefled of a power to refift its action or impreffion, or that the contagion mixing with the fluids in the ftomach, or with thofe in the arteries paffes out again, with fome of the ufual excretions. The circumftances which, in moft cafes, appear to give ef- fect c for the purpofe of relieving fuch of their fellow-citizens, whofe fituations rendered it improper for them to remove to the encampments. John Kehr, Peter Barker, Peter Mierken, John Hutchinfon, Alexander Steel, William Stevenfon, Thomas Allibone, John James, Edward Garrigues, Thomas Savery, Stephen Maxfield, Rhea King, Nathan A. Smith, Pafcal Hollingfworth, Daniel Doughty, John Teas. They met at the Senate Chamber, in the State Houfe, on the Mondays, Wednefdays, and Fridays, of each week, from three to fix o'clock in the afternoon ; where they invited the indigent to apply for relief, and to bring with them certifi- cates from one or more refpedtable inhabitants, to evidence that their families were in fuch a fituation as to render it improper to remove to the tents. About the 21 ft of September, the fever firft appeared in the Pennfylvania Hofpital. It is fuppofed to have been introduced by one of the nurfes, who brought fome clothes from the city a few days previous. The repeated robberies and thefts, induced the corpora- tion to double the number of ordinary watchmen ; who, in iindtion with the patrols, appointed by the citizens, con- tinued to guard the city both day and night. On the 22d of September, a number of the members of the fociety of Friends held their annual meeting; but ad- journed, on account of the fever, till December. About fif- ty Friends, from different parts of the country, attended this meeting. Of thefe, feventeen were foon after attacked with the fever, twelve of whom died. The majority were attack- ed within five days after leaving the city, tho' many of them refided here but one, and others only two days. About the end of September and the beginning of Octo- ber, the difeafe attained to its crifis. The greateft number of new cafes, reported in one day, during the whole period of the calamity, was, one hundred and ttoenty-feven. This was on the 7th of September. On the 21ft, there were one hundred and twenty-fix new cafes reported. On the 19th of September, thirty-two fick perfons were admitted into the City Hofpital; and, on the 26th of the fame month, fixteen died. Thefe were the greateft number of admiffions and deaths that occurred. The higheft number of patients, .remaining in the Hofpital, was 164. This was on the ( 79 ) 22d of Sept. Oh the evening and night of the 27th, there was a great fall of rain, which fuddenly cooled the air. Pro- bably, in confequence of this, the mortality on the fucceed- ing day was greater than at any other period of the fever. One hundred and fix perfons were interred. By comparing the tables of new cafes, and of mortality, &c. as annexed, with the regifter of the weather, it will be found, that both new cafes and deaths were augmented in confequence of either rainy, damp, or fudden cool weather; but, that in a day or two afterwards, both were diminifned. About the 24th of September, the following hand-bill, without either date or fignature, was publifhed, diftributed and pofted up throughout the City and Liberties: "REFLECT BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE! " Fellow-Citizens ! refiedt upon your danger before it is too late. One hundred of us are attacked with the fever every day. One half of that number is daily carried to the grave. If we remain in town, it is probable that the fever will continue five or fix weeks longer ; and, by that time, one-half of our number will have been fick !—and one-fourth of us will be no more! " How different is the fituation of our friends in the coun- try and in the tents ! " Two thoufand perfons in the tents have loft but (Seven- teen in twenty-five days, while the fame number in Philadel- phia have loft one hundred and feventy-eight. " At the encampments,there is great plenty of good food : " In town it is refolved to give nothing to the poor who are able to go. « WHY DO YOU PREFER FAMINE, SICKNESS AND DEATH, TO HEALTH AND PLENTY ? " It is not yet too late to remove. « GO, BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE !" From the ift of October, the difeafe gradually abated.—■ The annual election of reprefentatives was held at the State- Houfe on the 9th, when many hundreds of citizens came to the city to give their votes.—On the 10th, only 14 inter- ments occurred. In confequence of which, many families returned to their homes; but, in order to prevent the fa- tal confequences which might accrue from a premature re- turn of the exiled, the Board of Health publifhed the fol- lowing : ( 80 ) Health Office, Odder II, l/ofr. The Board of Managers of the Marine and City Hofpitals, felicitate their fellow-citizens on the rapid decline of the prevailing fever fince the ift inft.—the profperous ftate of the City Hofpital, and enlivening profpedt of a fpeedy termina- tion of the calamity, which has overwhelmed our city. None can more afnduoufly defire the return of their fellow-citizens, in fafety, to the comforts of their own fire-fide ; but they de- precate the confequences of precipitation, where fo much caution and prudence is required. The apprehenfion of the Board has been awakened, by the too-rhafty return of many individuals, who have inconfiderate- ly hazarded their own health and the public welfare : fever- al of whom, the Board are forry to add, have been feized with the fever (hortly after their return. The weather, fince the 6th inft. has been extremely un- favourable, and the number of the fick have confiderably en- creafed ; which would evidently be augmented by the ac- cumulation of perfons, particularly thofe from a pure at- mofphere. The Board earneftly folicit public attention to confiderations fo important; and entreat the forbearance of their fellow-citizens, until returning health fhall invite them home. The Board cannot too ftrongly imprefs the propriety and neceffity of cleanfing and purifying, (previous to the return of the inhabitants,) the bedding, cloathing, and houfes, in which the difeafe has exifted; for which purpofe, they re- commend the liberal ufe of lime. They alfo repeat their re- commendation to the Commiffioners, to have the pumps fre- quently and copioufly worked, as the water is now extremely offenfive and unwholefome. The Board affure their fellow-citizens, that whenever the health of the City and Liberties fhall be fo reftored, as to admit the return of the inhabitants with fafety, not a moment (hall be delayed in announcing the glad tidings. By order of the Board of Managers, WM. JONES, Prefident. Notwithftanding this exhortation of the Board of Health, many families, whofe fituations in the country, was, perhaps, not very agreeable, returned to the city. It was doubtlefs in confequence of this, that both the new cafes and deaths fuftained an increafe. Many paragraphs appeared in the newfpapers, diffuading the citizens from returning, until the ( «I ) Board of Health (hould notify to them that the danger no longer exifted. Even examples were mentioned : the moft ftriking of which was the cafe of the family of John Light- body, bookbinder. They returned to the city about the 15th of October, together with another family, each confifting of three perfons: the whole were taken fick, and five died. The daughter of Mr. Lightbody, only, furvived. Towards the end of October, a remarkable change of wea- ther took place ; froft and fnow appeared, and put a fudden check to the difeafe. On the ift of November, the Board of Health difcontinued their daily reports. The City Hofpital was clofed, and the following confolatory addrefs, invited citizens to their homes : " Health-Office, November 1, 1798. " Fellow-Citizens, " THE period fo ardently defired, by us all, has at length arrived.—Our beft information and judgment, corroborated by the opinion of the phyficians, we believe, warrants us in announcing to you, the reftoration of general health to our afflicted City and Liberties; and, that the citizens may re- turn with fafety, if proper precautions are taken in cleafing and airing the houfes, bedding, and clothing; correcting the exhalations from the privies, by the plentiful ufe of lime, and working copioufly the private, as well as public, pumps. " In the termination of a painful duty, we cannot reprefs our fentiments of refpedtful veneration for the unexampled benevolence and charity which you have difplayed—the fuf- fering fick, the widow, and the fatherlefs have been cherifh- ed; and hundreds of grateful fellow-creatures have been wrefted from the grafp of difeafe and death, by your boun- ty. —Thefe virtues are a certain pledge, that the objects which you have fafely conducted through the tempefl of difeafe, will not be abandoned to the miferies of an incle- ment winter. " By order of the Board of Managers, tt WM. JONES, Prefident." < 82 ) CHAPTER IV. Summary of the proceedings at the City Hofpital—Encampments on the Schuylkill, and Mafiers's place—Affociation for the protection of the city—Robbery of the bank—Proceedings in the jail—and at different parts of the union, during the ca- lamity. iLjlAVING, in the preceding pages, traced the rife, pro-. grefs, and decline of the difeafe, we now proceed, in a fum- snary manner, to mention fome occurrences, which could not be previoufly noticed, without interfering with the ge- neral connection of fubjedt. The moft important proceedings of the Board of Health, we have thought proper to notice, as they are replete with information to the various ftages of the calamity.—No clafs or body of men were of more fervice to the city, throughout the whole gloomy period, than thefe individuals.* Their • Indefatigable exertions—their arrangements in the city, and at the City Hofpital, with thofe of the Overfeers and Guar- dians of the poor, for alleviating diftrefs, were judicious and falutary. It was the general cuftom of the Board to meet and deliberate every morning at 11 o'clock. They framed the regulations for the management of the City Hofpital, and faw that they were properly executed. Meffrs. William Jones, William Dawfon, and (previous to his death) Ifaac Price, were the members who moft frequently vifited the Hofpital for this purpofe. The burial of the dead was like- wife conducted by the regulations of the Board : they pro- vided coffins, hearfes, &c. Moft of the coffins (rough pine boxes) were made in the jail by convicts. In the height of the difeafe, the deaths were fo numerous, that the Board found it neceffary to employ common carts : the number of * The members who remained at their pofts, and who merit the gratitude of the public, are recorded in page 63. It includes the whole Board, except MelTrs. John Newbold, and Jame3 Wood. After the eftablifbment of tents at Matters'* place, Mr. John Infkepprefided there. ( «3 I hearfes were inadequet; and even, with this affiftancej they were frequently under the neceffity of conveying the •dead to the grave in the fame coachees which carried the fick to the Hofpital. Two, and even three bodies were often car- ried together: about twelve hearfes and carts, and three coachees, were in conftant employ. An improvement was made, for the more eafy conveyance of the fick patients, in the advanced flage of their ficknefs. They could not be re- moved, without injury, in the coachees. The Board caufed three fwing carriages to be made, by which the fick could lay at their whole length in a bed, fufpended from the (hafts, between the wheels. Thus, they were conveyed with fuch cafe, as ameliorated fome of the former confequent diftreffes, without being difturbed by the jolting of the carriage. The carriages, with horfes, ftood always ready, in the old Potter's Field. For the receipts and expenditures of the Board, together with a fketch of their proceedings, as detailed in their letter to the governor,ytv appendix, page XXV. The City Hofpital flands on a low, flat piece of ground, on the eaft bank of the Schuylkill, in Saffafras-ftreet, with a tract of marfhy ground in front: The fituation cannot be healthy. Formerly it was occupied for a tavern, when the fummer-houfes, in the garden, were erected.—The build- ings, for the accommodation of the fick, confift of two large frame houfes: their form is an oblong fquare, two ftories high. The largeft was erected, during the prevalence of the laft calamity, when the other was inadequate to contain the number of fick. The fummer-houfes were covered with canvafs, and a few fmall fheds were erected for the con- valescent. There are alfo flables and other out-houfes.—The management of the hofpital was entrufted to the phyficians, a fteward and a matron, under the infpedtion of the Board of Health. It was opened for the reception of the fick about the 8th of Auguft, they were placed under the care of Drs. Phyfick and Cooper; gentlemen, eminent for medical fkill and goodnefs of heart.—They made a voluntary offer of their fervices to the Board.—There Dr. Cooper died, a vic- tim to the contagion, much regretted. Dr. Rufh affifted as con- fuiting phyfician, and Drs. May and Watt were appointed to compound the medicines, &c. From the 6th of September, and to the 6th of October, there were nevertefs than one hundred patients in the Hofpital, nor more than one hundred and fixty-four___Medicine, fruit, wine, changes of linen, an I 84 ) every other article, neceffary for relief, comfort, and acconi* modation, were amply provided. The fcenes of diftrefs which the Hofpital exhibited, were truly difmal:—there we could hear the groans—the moan- ings—and the heavy fighs of " the hundreds fick." No con* nexions were near to view their diftrefs, or to foothe, with the tear of friendfhip, their " little hour." When the coachees, which brought out the fick, arrived, often might be feen an affrightened patient enter, fupported by ftrange Nurfes, and bedewing his or her cheeks with "tears. The nurfes were often obliged to hold the patient in bed by force, when llruggling with delirium, and others feemed to fleep out their life with-* out any feeling,, while the fcreams of many were heard at a diftance. Some bled from the mouth and nofe, and the black vomit ifiuisd, in ftreams, from others. Two, and frequently three, were placed in one coffin. The men and women occupied different wards. Particu- lar attention was paid by the nurfes to the fick, both day and night.—No complaints havebeen made; but letters of thanks have frequently been fent to the phyficians and managers for kind treatment and attention. Few of the nurfes at the Hofpital were attacked with the difeafe, although expofed to concentrated contagion. It was often cuftomary for them to fleep on the fame bed with the fick, and fome have been known to fwallow a portion of the juices of the fick, without experiencing any injury.—Dr. Phyfick informed us, that he has frequently feen a nurfe helping a patient to a fpoonful of food, and taking another, herfelf, alternately: that he has alfo feen them eat the fruit that has been gnawed by the fick. One or two inftances occurred of wives nurfing their hufbands in the Hofpital, and mothers their children; none of which took the difeafe, tho' lying on the fame bed. During the whole period of the ficknefs, there were 899* perfons admitted into the Hofpital, of which 518 died. The City Hofpital burial-ground, was the general recep- tacle for the dead, from the beginning of Auguft to the firft of November. Graves were dug, at the commencement of the calamity, for every corpfe ; but, afterwards, two or three were put into one pit. The accumulated mortality, which commenced about the end of Auguft, rendered this mode * See the tables of daily returns. ( -85 ) impracticable. A more expeditious method of interment was adopted. A large trench was dug, in which the cof- fins were piled upon each other. It was conducted in fuch a manner, that the frefh mould, dug from one end, covered the dead in another; while the hearfes were drove to the bottom of the trench, where they depofited the bodies. In two of thefe trenches, upwards of fifteen hundred were in- terred ; twelve or fourteen diggers were employed. They remained, as obferved before, in the field, night and day. Sheds were conftrudted for their accommodation. Some were buried in this ground, who are not mentioned^ in our lift. It was "not unfrequent for the grave-diggers to find a dead body in the morning, which had been thrown over the fence during the preceding night. After moft of the citizens, whofe circumftances would permit, had fled to the country, the poor began, generally, to fuffer, and the difeafe fuftained no abatement. It rather con- tinued to fpread, and little hope remained that it would ter- minate, until it fhould be deftroyed by froft. A removal of the healthy was the only hope left for its mitigation. The Board of Health, injunction with the Guardians of the Poor, concerted meafures for the conltrudtion of temporary tents. 1 Thefe were foon afterwards erected on the banks of Schuyl- kill, between Spruce and Chefnut-ftreets. They were ready by the 24th of Auguft, where fugitives crouded. A certifi- cate was neceffary, to gain admiffion,. from fome refpedtable citizen, with an application to any of the following gentle- men, who were appointed a joint committee from the Board of Health and Guardians of the Poor to fuperintend this en- campment : Peter Mierken, Ifaac Price, James Oldden, John Kehr. They crouded, in the greateft abundance, from the fouth parts of the City and Southwark : They were accommodated with every neceffary of life, principally from the donations of the opulent. The tents were made of canvafs, and floored with boards. Here nineteen hundred and fifty perfons were fed, and fome of them cloathed ! While we admire the liberality of the public, which was difplayed on this occa- fion, we are induced to mention, that in many inftances, ad- vantages were taken. Many fordid fouls removed, and were fed and cloathed, who poffefled independent refources. The names of freeholder?, who hold property to the amount of feveral thoufands of dollars, could be mentioned, who here M ( 96 ) fobbed the poor of their pittance.The liberal hand muft move reluctant, under an idea of fuch a diabolical practice. Credit is due to the committee who fuperintended this eftablifhment, for both their attention and trouble. The rules which they fra- med were judicious,and well adapted to the fituation and man- ners of each clafs. Some, as might naturally be fuppofed, were not the moft orderly; fuch were either fent to Morris's Build- ings, or confined in a temporary prifon, at the encampment. Guards were ffationed with arms, to preferve order, and pre- vent any individuals from trefpafling the rules. Schools, for the inftrudtion of children, were inftituted ; at which 137 male, and 143 female children, attended. The hearty men were employed, in digging the canal. Public worfhip was performed on Sundays; and medical advice, and attendance was given by Dr. S. Duffield. About the beginning of November, the committee were in need of cloathing for infants. They publifhed the fol- lowing : The Committee appointed for the fuperintendance of the Tents, on Schuylkill, acknowledge with gratitude and fincere fatisfadtion, the generous liberality of donations that they have experienced. It is with deference to public opinion and public companion, that they inform their feeling fellow-citi- zens, that they have near feventy pregnant women, who will, *ere they leave the encampment, fland in not only need, but neceffity of cloathing for their infants. To mothers, whofe hearts can beat with fondnefs to their offspring—to thofe amiable young ladies, whofe beft and benevolent affections are extended to the fmiling babe—to fathers, who have it in their power, this refpectful requeft is addreffed. By order of the Committee, PETER M1ERKEN, Chairman. October 3d. The liberality cf ladies, on this oceafion, was ample, as appears from the following addrefs: The Committee, who fuperintend the Tents, on fhe banks oj Schuylkill, Beg leave to acquaint their amiablefemale donors, that their prompt induftry, and unparralleled liberality, have been fo abundantly bellowed, as to enable them to requeft no further marks of their benevolence, in the article of infants' and fmall childrens' cloathing : Other donations will be thank- fully received, fo as to provide for the ages of from fott* to twelve years. ( *7 ) They cannot find language energetic enough to thank them j but, when they are informed, that they have put it in the power of the committee, to cloathe the naked, to fave the fliivering child from perifhing, and to fend the infant warm, and the mother happy away, their own benevolent and feeling hearts, will afford them the beft of gratifications. By order of the committee, PETER MIERKEN, chairman. Tents, i^thCBober, 1798. Dolls. Ct. The expenfes of this encampment amounted to 18,537.29 Donations received in cafh, 3>537-29 Ditto in produce and cloathing, va- lued at 5,000.00 Cafh, being part of 29,000 dollars borrowed from the Banks, on the faith of being reimburfed by the le^iflature, 10,000.00 ----------18,537.29 Eight hundred and feventy-nine perfons were relieved at this encampment, for nearly nine weeks. About the beginning of September, another encampment was erected at Mailers' Place, near the Mill-Pond, on the road to Germantown, about two miles from the city, for the fame benevolent purpofe as that on the Schuylkill; to which the fugitives, principally from the Northern-Liberties and Kenfington, flocked. John Inikeep, Jonathan Robefon, and Ifaae W. Morris, were appointed a committee for its fuper- intendance. It was compofed of wooden (beds, comforta- ble, Convenient, and, in every refpect, adapted to the occafion j efpecially when it is confidered that they were erected in eight or ten days, and accommodated upwards of two thoufand perfons. Befides thelodging-fheds, there were erect- ed an hofpital, a large ftore-houfe, and office, a bake-houfe and oven, and five kitchens, with eight large fire-places. This encampment was fituated on a well-chofen fpot, and laid out in regular order: the ftreets interfected each other. The rules and regulations, which were printed and pofted up in different places in the encampment, do honour to the committee. Spirituous liquors were prohibited, except in cafes of fuppofed neceffity. Slight offences were punifhed, by withholding provifions for a reafonable time; and, for thofe tl a more aggravated nature, the offender was expelled. All C 88 ) intercourfe with the city was cut off, except on urgent occa- fions. This was enforced, by placing centinels, at proper dif- tances, around the encampment. Scavengers were appoint- ed, whole duty it was. every morning, to remove all the filth, and to throw frefh earth into the neceffaries; and,'in every other refpedt, the utmoft attention was paid to cleanlinefs. They were abundantly fupplied with provifions of every kind; the arrangement for the delivery of the rations was well plan- ned, and the moft fcrupulous regard to juftice Dbferved in the diftribution. The decorum, which was fo eminently maintained in the encampment, amongft characters, too,fome of which were not the moft amiable, reflect great honour both on the fuperintendants, and the example of many virtu- ous families, who refided there. The firft public addrefs of fhe fuperintendants was on the ioth of September : they in- formed the public, that they ftood in need of vegetables, ftraw, Sec. for the ufe of the diftreffed citizens, who had ta- ken refuge there; and they hoped that they would experience the fame liberality which had been extended to the Schuylkill encampment; having the fame laudable object in view. This public intimation produced an abundant fupply. On the 28th of the fame month, the committee publicly ac- knowledged, that the liberality which they had experienced, furpaffed all expectation : th;it feveral villages and neigh- bourhoods in New-Jerfey, had been eminently bountiful on this occafion ; that the fupplies which they had occafionally received, had been abundant, except in articles of cloathing .• they had received fome very handfome donations in that line; but not in fufficient abundance to fupply their preffing and numerous wants: that the number, under their care, was daily encreafing, and already amounted to upwards of thirteen hundred perfon:, compofed of both fexes, from one hour to eighty years old ; but, that the greater proportion of them, were helplefs women and children. About two hundred of the children were at the breaft, the mothers of whom were generally without (hoe or (locking. The committee fug- gefted, that iinfey, flannels, and woollen flockings, would be particularly acceptable, as well as every defcription of fe- cond-hand and ready-made cloathing. From this period, the fills of donations fwelled with individual bounty. Our ci- tizens feemed to vie with each other who (hould be the moft liberal. Drs. Currje and Dewees, gratuitoufly offered their fervices to the committee. Great attention and care was beftowed upon the fick in this encampment, * which ( 89 ) was numerous. A few'had the yellow fever. Thefe gentle- men received apublic declaration of thanks from the committee. The inhabitants of this encampment returned to their homes,generally, about the ill of November; but not before they had publifhed a grateful and affectionate tribute of laudable praife to their meritorious committee. dols. cts. The expenfes of this inftitution amounted to 18,822.49 Donations in cafh dols. 3,254.27 Ditto in produce and cloathing, valu- ed at 6,568.22 Cafh being part of the 29,009 dollars borrowed from the banks, on the faith of legiflative reimburfe- ment 9,000 ---------18,822.49 There were about two thoufand and twenty-four perfons fupplied at this encampment from the 15th and 20th of Sep- tember to the ift of November. It is a melancholy truth, that the moft awful afflictions which befal our fellow-creatures, are not fufficient to awa- ken, in fome minds, even the feelings of fympathy. Callous to every fentiment of humanity, and dead to every principle of virtue, fome wretches, who, to the eternal difgrace of the human character, were fo totally depraved, that while walking even " in the valley of the fhadow of death," medi- tated and committed the moft abominable crimes. While every virtuous mind was filled with fympathetic forrow for that general gloom, which hovered over the city, there were vil- lains lurking about, watching every opportunity, during the abfence of the citizens, to commit robbery on their defined houfes. Notwithftanding that the number of ordinary watch- men had been augmented, and patrols appointed to watch it during the day, feveral robberies were committed. The bank of Pennfylvania, as obferved before, was robbed; and attempts were made by the prifoners in the cri- minals jail to efcape. A confideration of thefe circum- ftances, and the general unguarded ftate of the city, indu- ced a number of private citizens, to affociate for'the purpofa of affording it better protection. ( 9* > Of this aflbciation, the following gentlemen were chofen officers : John D. De Lacy, T Edward Pole, Sin the city. Jofeph Wright, J Willhm Mansfield, in the Nothem Liberties. George Young, Southwark. The aflbciation informed the public, that their intentions were merely to have a body of men ready to turn out, armed and equipped, on any fudden emergency, or to mount guard at any of the prifons, or elfewhere,if neceffary; by thus being ready with arms and ammunition, to repair, at the firft notice, to their refpedtive alarm pofts, that they might act with the greateft promptitude and efficiency, and that the civil magis- trates and other good citizens might know where to find a body of men, prepared, to enforce a due obedience to the laws, and preferve order and tranquility. The citizens were informed that in cafes of fire, or riot in the city, the old Potter's-Field was chofen as the alarm poll, or rallying point, from its central fituation, and con- tiguity to both jails and Morris's Building, then the place of confinement for vagrants ; in the Northern Liberties, the city-hall or town-houfe; and in Southwark, Little's fchool houfe, to which all the members of the aflbciation were to re- pair equipped, and there await the orders or prefence of their own officers, a magiftrate, or other civil officer. The alarm was to be given by firing a field piece. Robbery of the Bank of Pennfylvania. On the night of the 4th of Auguft, fome villains entered the bank, and made an unfuccefsful attempt to force open the doors of the cafh vault, and to pick the lock of an iron cheft ; but the inftitution fuftained no lofs ; as it was apprehended that the attempt would be renewed, and confidering the in- fecurity of the building, and the impoffibility of making fuch repairs to it as would render it fafe, the porters were armed, and directed to fleep in the banking-houfe, in order to guard againft the fuccefs of future attempts. The immediate re- moval of the bank to Carpenter's-hall was propofed. This building, from its conftruction, and the improvements which had been made to it, when in the occupancy of the Bank of the United States, was thought perfectly fecure; but previ- oufly to the removal, which took place on the Saturday fol- lowing, a new patent lock was put to the outer door, and tw» ( 9i ) iron doors were fitted to the cafh vault, with locks which had been ufed for the book vault, and which were of a better con- ftruction than any which could at that time be procured in the city. The precaution of obliging the porters to fleep in the Bank wa3 continued, and the watchmen were charged to be particularly vigilant. Thomas Cunningham, the porter, who is fince dead, flept there alone, and early in the morning of Sunday the 2d of September, Mr. Annefley, the runner, having occafion to go to the Bank, found the back door of the banking houfe open; and looking into the banking room, he difcovered the doors of the back vault likewife open* He immediately roufed Cunningham, who was afleep up flairs; they found all the windows fecured, the back door unbarred, and the doors of the cafh vault unlocked. Upon an examination of the houfe, it was found that the locks had been opened by falfe keys, for no injury was done to the wards of any of them, nor was there any appearance of force having been ufed. The lofs which the inftitution had fuftained, amounted to one hundred andfixty-two thoufand eight hundred and twenty* one dollars andfixty-one cents. Every exertion was made to difcover the perpetrators of this flagrant robbery. Advertifements were publifhed throughout the United States, cautioning the public againft the receipt of the poft-notes (lolen. Confiderable rewards were offered for the apprehenfion of thofe concerned in the robbery, in addition to that of one thoufand dollars, promifed in the governor's proclamation. "Several perfons were ar- retted upon fufpicion, and amongft thofe was Patrick Lyon, the fmith, who was employed in fitting the iron doors of the cafh vault, and without whofe privity it is believed this robbery has not been committed'' After unceafing vigilance they had the fatisfadtion to dif- cover the perpetrator of this daring robbery, fo that the whole amount of the property ftolen was recovered, except about three thoufand two hundred dollars. One Ifaac Davis, a carpenter, had an account open in this bank : The firft circumftance which excited fufpicions a- gainft him, was a depofit of 16,000 dollars. Enquiry was made refpecting his circumftances and character, which were found to be fuch, as to induce the officers of the bank to watch his conduct. On the 17 th of November, he made another depofit of 3,910 dollars. The fufpicions were now increafed, and it was thought proper to enquire at the other ( 92 ) banks, whether he had made any depofits with them ? when futh informuii. n was obtained, as left no doubt but that he ■was the robber. He was then apprehended, and, partly by threats, and partly by promife of an interceflion with the go- vernor for his pardon, the confeffion of his guilt was extor- ted from him. His difclofures criminated only Thomas Cunningham, the late porter, and himfelf; for, he repeatedlydeclared, that they alone were concerned in the robbery. It was remarked, that Thomas Cunningham flept in the bank the night that the robbery was committed, and that he was taken ill of the yellow fever the day after - and 6\fA in the courfe of the week. Davis faid that they had divided the money ftolen, and that the depofits he hid made in the different banks, were part of his (hare. He allured them that he had re- turned all he was poff ffed of, and that the remainder of the property ftolen, would be found at the houfe where Cun- ningham died. They fearched the houfe defcribed, but with- out fuccefs. Davis was informed that unlefs he made a full difclofure, he would be committed to prifon, and his houfe fearched : By threats and promifes, he acknowledged that he had vifited Cunningham the day he was taken ill, and had received from him the remainder of the money ftolen, a great part of which he had ftill vfecreted. They had then re- covered in all 158.999 dollars and 53 cents: Davis alfo af- figned over property which had colt him a fhort time before 800 dollars. Davis declared that the plan of the robbery originated with Cunningham, who procured the falfe keys, and that he does not know who made them. The tenor of this is taken from the report of the commit- tee, of the St,;te Affembly, who were appointed to make en- quiry on the fubjedt. They received their information from the officers of the ban!:. The attempt on the 4th of Auguft, and the robbery on the ift September, were fuppofed to be committed by the fame perfons. It does not appear evident that Cunningham, the porter, had any concern in the rob- bery. He was found afleep in the bank next morning ; nei- ther his conduct nor countenance difcovered the leaft fymp- toms of guilt, even to make him fufpedted. None of the money was found with him, when he died. No evidence but that of Davis, appears to criminate him ; and his death prevents his pleading in his own defence. It is not uncom- mon, in criminal cafes, for the innocent to fuffer punifh- ment for the guilty : That Mr. Lyon, who fitted the-doors ( 93 ) to the cafh vault, fhould, at firft, be implicated, was, perhaps, natural; but, after the perpetrator was difcovered, and after Mr. Lyon was difcharged, by a grand jury, from the charges alleged againft him, an idea fhould not be impreffed upon the public mind, founded upon prefumption only, that he is the man, " without whofe privity, it is believed, this robbery has not been committed." This is cruel, and injurious to an ingeni- ous, induftrious tradefman, who required the prefervation of character, to render his talents ufeful to himfelf, and to the public. A convict, named Bradley, was the firft perfon attacked in the criminals' jail. He was confined in a cell. At this time, it raged in an alley that runs from Fifth-ftreet, near to the jail-wall, oppofite to the cells ; from whence it is fup- pofed to have reached Bradley, whofe window it fronted.— He was removed on the 8th of September, and died in a few hours after. From him, the difeafe communicated to other prifoners ; the number of which, including debtors, amoun- ted to upwards of three hundred. Shortly afterwards, the vagrants, and prifoners confined for petty offences, were re- moved to Morris's-Buildings, and the debtors to Norrif- town : The convicts, amounting to about one hundred and fixty, and untried of prifoners, near an hundred, then, only, remained in gaol. Mr. Smith, the jailor, on the appear- ance of the difeafe, became alarmed. He relinquifhed his charge on the 8th of September, and removed to the country. Robert Wharton, Efq. a vigilant and active magiftrate, now mayor of our city, then affumed it. He refided there, and performed all the duties of jailor, until fhortly after the 17th of September, when he was affifted by Mr. Peter Helm ; who, afterwards, took upon himfelf the charge. The fervices rendered by Mr. Helm, during the calamity in 1793, when he prefided at Bufh-Hill-Hofpital, and in 1797, when he fuperintended the City-Hofpital, at the Wigwam, together with his fervices this year, juftly en- title him to thanks. He was adive in thefe different capa- cities, and zealoufly and undauntedly run into danger—but, the palm feems to reft upon ether charaders : Like the pea- cock in the fable, which ether birds wiihed to vie with, fome have been plucking his feathers. After Mr. Helm took charge of the jail, he refided there day and night—watched the convicts, and attended the fick, alternately. Some of the keepers left the jail fhortly after N ( * ) Mr. Smith. Others were taken fick. Their places were fupplifd by conftables, &c. The fick prifoners were atten- ded by Dr. Benjamin Duffield. He caufed every humane and falutary meafure to be adopted for their accommodation. They were removed from the healthy, to a ward in the eaft wing, which was converted into an hofpital. The convalef- eents were kept in a feparate apartment. Strict attention was paid to cleanlinefs. for the better fecurity againft the fpread- ing of the difeafe. The green wood was removed from the yard ; all rubbage and putrifiable materials, were carried off: The obftructed water-channel was cleared : The pavement was frequently wafhed, and kept wet and cool, by means of the pump ; and the fkeping wards, were, as ufual, conftant- ly ventilated. To theft precautions, which were adopted by direction of Mr. Caleb L( wnes, with their fimple healthy di- et, and the entire prohibition of every kind of liquor, is, per- haps, to be afcnbtd, the fuccefsful efcape of fo large a propor- tion of the prifoners. The difeafe fpread through every quar- ter of the jail. < Dutch Hannah', a convict, was the firft vic- tim in the weft wing, where the females are kept. Several of the convicts voluntarily offered their fervices as nurfes, and attended the fick with tendernefs and attention. One John Brown was the firft that made this laudable offer.— He was taken fick, and died. There were, in all, forty-four cafes in the jail; of which,twenty-feven paid their laft debt to Nature. Nine were fent to the City-Hofpital -r two of which, only, recovered. Thirty-five were attended in jail; twenty of theie furvived. On the 18th of Auguft, fome of the prifoners in the eaft Wing attempted to efcape. Perhaps they were inftigated from a confideration of the unguarded ftate of the ci- ty—the abfence of the jiilor—and a with to efcape from the fever. They took the advantage of a vifit from the phyfician. They feized upon the key of their apartment—forced their way out, knocked down Mr. Evans, a conftable, then one of the affiftant-keepers, and called to the convicts in the yard to come to their affiftanee. Mr. Wharton, who was in a dif- ferent part of the jail, on hearing the alarm, went immedi- ately to the afiiftance of the keepers. Miller, the ring-leader, had an axe lifted to difpatth Mr. Evans, which Mr. R.Whar- ton, and Mr. G. Gafs, an affiftant-keeper, obferving, pre- vented, by well-directed balls from their mufkets, which broke the bone of his right arm, and entered his body.__ Mr. Wharton and Mr. Gafs fired at the fame time : the ball from the latter, it was generally fuppofed, proved fatal. ( 95 ) Another of the affailants, of the name of Vaughan, (truck Mr. Evans with a bar of iron. He then retreated to his apartment. Evans purfued him, and lodged a ball in his lungs. He furvived it about twenty-four hours. A Ne- gro convict wounded another by a bayonet. Thev even- tually drove the gang into their apartments. During the difturbance, the convicts behaved well: They did not even (how a wifh to aid the offenders. The bravery and prompt exertions of Mr. Wharton, deferve a high encomium.—Join- ed by Mr, Evans and Mr. Gafs, the d^figns of thefe incorri- gible villains were happily fruftrated, and the city, in all pro- bability, only thus preferved from devaftation and pillage. An unfuccefsful attempt was afterwards made by two of the criminals, who were confined in the eaft dungeon.—- They had nearly effedled their efcape, by undermining the wall, when firft difcovered. On the night of the j 8th of October, feven of the prifoners were fuccefsful in making their efcape. They undermined the wall of the eaft wing, and got off; and only two of the bandittf were taken. Several fea-port towns in the United States, befides Phila- delphia, have been inflicted with the fame calamity this fum- mer. It vifited New-York about the 28th or 30th of July, nearly at the fame period as it did here. The firft public intimation of its introduction there, was made on the 6th of Auguft. The citizens did not generally leave the town till the end of Auguft, and towards the beginning of Septem- ber. Then the difeafe had made confiderable progrefs. The deaths amounted from twenty-three to twenty-five a-day.— It is eftimated, that one-third to one-half of the whole inha- bitants left that city. It continued to rage till the 8th or 10th of November. Puring this period, the deaths amounted to two thoufand and eighty-fix. One thoufand five hundred and twenty-four, of thefe, fell victims to its rage. The enquiries made, to afcerrain its caufe, have generally been directed to thofe objects which tend to prove its domeftic origin. Hence, perhaps, it is, that this idea is the moft prevalent there. Its introduction in Bofton happened aoout the firft of July. On the 4th of Auguft, the felectmen had a con- futation with the phyficians : From whofe reports, it appear- ed, that only fixteen perfons had died with that difeafe fince its iirft appearance; and that there were but ten perfons then fick : That in all the cafes, the probability was, that ( Co ) *< the infection was taken in or near the Town-dock." That the difeafe did not appear, in any in!lance,to be communica- ted from one perfon to another; " no phyfician, nurfe, or attendant on the fick, having, at that time, taken the difor- der." Atthe fame confultation, the phyficians gave their opinion, that lobfters and oyfters, at that feafon of the year, and until the middle of September, were extremely pernicious to the health, and predifpofed the body to putrid diforders. From this time, a regular report of the number of deaths and of the fick was publifhed, by order of the felectmen, fign- ed by Wm. Cooper, town-clerk. On the 20th of Auguft, there were twenty fick; on the 31ft, they increafed to thirty- two, and continued to increafe until the 26th of September, when there were ninety-feven cafes. Afterwards, it gradu- ally abated until the 6th of October; when it was checked at the approach of froft, and a fucceffion of cold weather.— On the 18th, the inhabitants were invited to return from exile. It made its appearance at Portfmouth, (N. H ) about the 20th of July, and raged until the beginning of October. Previous to the 20th of Auguft, eleven perfons died, feven- teen were fick on the 24th, five on the 10th of Septem- ber ; and but only one cafe appeared on the 5 th of October. A committee of health was inftituted : they made their firft report on the 20th of Auguft. Whether its inhabitants ge- nerally afcribe this fcourge to importation, or to domeftic origin, cannot be determined by us, nor, perhaps, by them. A few cafes occurred in Newport, (R. I.) which excited alarm ; but, upon inveftigation, made by the town-council, they traced the caufe to the (hipping, or to perfons who had taken the contagion in New-York. It did not generally fpread, nor was the mortality great. New-London, in Connecticut, was alfo partially vifited. On the 18th of September, forty-fix were fick. The great- eft number of new cafes occurred between the 20th and 25 th of September. It ceafed about the end of October. Some cafes appeared in Portland, Maine. It did not there rapidly fpread. Shortly after its commencement inPhiladelphia, it extended to the neighbouring towns. At Wilmington, (Delaware,) it raged, at leaft with equal violence, if not fuprrior, in pro- portion to the number of inhabitants, than it did in our city. They traced its origin to a communication with Philadel- phia. It fubfided nearly at the fame time as here. Two ( 97 ) hundred and fifty-two died. Fifty died at Chefter, and at Marcus-Hook, fifty-two—at Chew's Landing, a fnail vil- lage in New-Jerfey, ten miles from Philadelphia, twenty-fix died—and at Cooper's Ferry, oppofite to the city, about the fame number. There were alfo many cafes at Trenton, Lamberton, Frankford, Briftol, &c. Many fell victims.— In Germantown and its neighbourhood, fifty-eight ca- fes occurred, of which thirty-three died: thirty-feven of the cafes were actually in Germantown : of thefe, twenty died. Some went from the city with the difeafe on them ; others were out but one day previous to being attacked; but, generally, , at about three, and fometimes fix days after. In fome inftances, it was not taken till they had been out ten, twelve, fixteen, and even twenty-one days. The period between receiving it, and its coming into action, varied in different conftitutions. In the full and vigo- rous, it was lefs than in the debilitated. Intemperance, a dread of it, fatigue or expofure to the fun, facilitated its ac- tion. Its violence was, in fome cafes, as great as in the city, and its termination in death as fpeedy ; but, in general, the cafes were protracted. Some had the black-vomit, and ex- pired in convulfions, and a great number of the fuccefsful, as well as unfuccefsful cafes, affumed a yellowifh colour. The following paragraphs, from newfpapers, ftate that it raged in feveral other parts of the continent; but, we are not, however, in poffeffion of any other evidence : " One-fixth part of the ufual number of inhabitants, re- nding at City-Point (V.), have been fwept off in the courfe twenty-odd days"—" that the fatal malady was fpread by the fhip Neftor, of Portland, captain Wait, which veffel arri- ved at City-Point, from Philadelphia, on the 24th Auguft, having thrown four dead hands overboard on her paflage.— Being without hands to load with tobacco, Negroes were cal- led upon ; and, out of eleven, thus employed, ten have died. Almoft every cafe can be traced to this veffel." " Bilious fevers are unufually numerous and obftinate in many parts of the country ; and, in feveral interior towns, very fatal. At Xew-Milford, great ficknefs prevails, and ths fever has the effential fymptoms of yellow fever. At Roy- aitnn, on Wn'ite-River, in Vermont, and on the Grand-Ifles, in Lake Champlain, the yellow fever prevails with confident- ( *« ) Me mortality. The difeafe has the characteriftic fymptomi of the genuine yellow fever, and terminates fatally in about fix days. Royalton is fituated on the bend of White-River, on a dry, gravelly foil, but enclofed by very high mountains, * which real)* make the pofition of the town, a deep valley. •' Ac Windfor, in Vermont, a fimilar fever prevails. This is on Connecticut river; the banks of which are high in that neighbourhood, and make little or no marfh ; but, the town is aimoft furrounded by mountains. In fuch pofitions, there is a great accumulation of heat, from the reverberated rays of the fun in hot weather; and, in all fuch fituations, the human race are more expofed to autumnal fevers and dyfen- t *ery, than on hills which overlook the furrounding country." "Baltimore has happily efcaped this year. Their fufferings, in 1797, convinced them of the propriety of an efficient qua- rantine law, and a ftrict attention to cleanlinefs. Their care and their fuccefs is a good example to other cities. Their mayor enforced a ftrict compliance with the ordinance for clearing the gutters, and removing every kind of filth, not only from the ftreets, but from the hcufes and lots. He alfo folitifed the different fire-companies, to have their engines f re- cently exercifed in watering the ftreets. This was complied with, as it was deemed neceffary to guard againft its domefr tic generation. On the 10th of Auguft, the Board of Health ordered that all veffeis, arriving from any of the Weft-India iflands, laden with certain cargoes, which they particularly Specified, fhould be prohibited by the health-officer from coming up into port ; out, that the cargo thereof fhould be difchargeti into another yeffel, while it remained in the river, and that neceffary care fhould be obferved to purify the fame, before it (hould be admitted into the city. Communication between Balt.more and the cities of Philadelphia, New-York, "Wilmington, &c. was prohibited, under certain reftridtions, by proclamations of the mayor, bearing date Auguft 18th, and September 15th." The governor of Sou-th-Carolina iffued a proclamation, di- recting that all veffels which il.culd arrive at Charleftcn, from Philadelphia, or any port or place on the river Delaware, mould be brought to, under the guns of Fort-Johnfon, and perform quarantine. Many other places in the United States adopted fimilar meafures. In the different ports of Great-Britain, our vef- fels were alfo obliged to ride quarantine* ( 99 ) CHAPTER V. Defultory remarks----Incidents during the calamity. [_ HE following is taken from a newfpaper of Auguft 6th: « Humanity mud furely recoil at the circumftance, but the fact is certain, that a poor, diftreffed object of human woe, was forcibly landed, on the morning of Friday laft, from a veffel, at the public wharf at the hay-fcales, in the diftrict of the Northern-Liberties, at 11 o'clock; and lay expofed there, without fhelter, the fame night, and remained under the de- bilitating heat of Saturday, until one o'clock, when the poor fufferer expired, without receiving the friendly aid of huma- nity to fupport him in the laft moments of life. His corpfe was afterwards fuffered to be interred at the expenfe 6f a few charitable citizens. $}>uery—Whence, and from what caufe, does this apathy of the police of the diftrict of the Northern Liberties arife ! Are, or are not, the funds, eftablifhed by law, adequate to difcharge common adts of humanity ? « Auguft 6. VERITAS." It is almoft impoffible to conceive the miferies which fome of ouf unfortunate feliow-mortals were doomed to fuf- tain. We give the following incidents as a picture, though imperfect: " About the middle of Auguft, a German, a ftranger in the place, applied to be admitted into the Pennfylvania Hofpi- tal. His cafe did not come ftridtly within their cognizance, and he wasrefufed. He then folicited an entrance into the alms-houfe ; but having the dyfentery, and not being entitled to a place qf refidence there, he was unfuccefsful. His next application was to the Health-Officer of the port; but he conceiving himfelf unauthorized to fend him to the City- Hofpital, the poor wretch was turned away, without any hope of relief. What became of him, is not known; but ( ICO ) the defpondency depicted in his countenance, produced a correfpondent fentiment of fympathy in the minds of many, all of whom feemed to regret his unhappy condition, though none knew in what manner to grant him the aid he required." The body of a man was found in the houfe of captain Ste- vens, which was almoft ate up by vermin. The family had left the houfe about a month previous. Three days after which, it was opened to get out fome goods, and (hut up again till the end of September ; when a captain Skaidmore procured the key to take out a chefl. As foon as he opened the door, fuch an offenfive flench iffued out of it, as indu- ced him, and a boy who accompanied him, to retreat. They were both, fhortly after, taken fick. The body was fuffered to remain till evening ; when two negroes were hired, for fixteen dollars, to throw the corpfe into the river. No trace was left to diftinguifh whether it was the remnant of a white or of a black man, excepting his having long brown hair.— It is true, though very extraordinary, that the family do not know how he got in, nor what foul had poffeffed the body. They left no perfon, to their knowledge, in the houfe. It was well fecured, and they found it fo. He lay under a cot-bedftead, and had nothing on but a fhirt. Even a woman who afterwards cleanfed the houfe, took fick and died.— Hence, a father, a mother, a wife, or perhaps his children, will, daily, hope to find him; but, while this anticipa- tion may lull their minds from too-deeply grieving at his lofs, no trace remains of him. They do not know that he is gone to " that bourne from whence no traveller returns.'"' A man was found dead in a houfe in Front, near Walnut- flreet. The corpfe was firft difcovered, by an offenfive fmell. From the time that elapfed after the family left the houfe, it is thought, it laid there, at leaft, a month. It was in fo high a ftate of putrefaction, that it was removed by pieces to the coffin in which it was depofited. A man was found dead in a fail-loft, who was feen, appa- rently hearty, only three days previous. A French gentleman was found dead in a houfe in Vine, near Front-ftreet.The corpfe was difcovered only by a putrid effluvia. No perfon lived in the houfe with him. * ( idi ) A woman was found dead in Water-ftreet. The corpfe laid one day before it was difcovered. Her young child was alive upon the fame bed with her. The corpfe of a woman was found on the commons, alfo of two men at No. 171, North Second-ftreet. The corpfe of a man was found in Water-ftreet. It was carefully laid out, and wrapped in a fheet, ready for the coffin. September 23—A perfon was found dead in Eighth, be- tween Race and Vine-ftreets. On the 25th, a child was found dead, on the commons, near Potter's-field. On the 27th, the body of a man was difcovered on the wharf below Mr. Wharton s counting-houfe. October 16^-A dead woman Was found in a houfe at the corner of Eighth and Shippen-ftreets. About the 16th of Auguft, a perfon, paffing through Union, between Second and Third-ftreets, perceived a nox- ious effluvia, of the nature of that which is emitted by cof- fee, in a ftate of putrefaction. He was next day feized with a fevere illnefs, and died in a few days. About the 24th of Auguft, a perfon went home in a fright, from having feen a yellow-looking man. He took fick, and died in eight days. The cafe of Jane Doron, at the City-Hofpital, is fome- what remarkable : She was, to all appearance, dead. A coffin was brought, and other preparations for her interment purfued. But fome doubt remained in the mind of Dr. May, the phyfician. He returned—and, upon examining her bo- dy, he felt a warmth, near the heart, yet without any palpi- tation. Urged by this, he then refolved to try his utmoft ef- forts. He began to rub her af m, in order to bring on a pulfe by friction. The fie ward, who was alfo prefent, laid hold c£ the other arm, and followed the example. In two hours, (he (hewed fymptoms of life, firft, by a quivering at the region of the heart, and a few hours afterwards, by an hyfteric fit, which went off with a copious effufion of tears. She re- covered. O t *02 ), Mr. J. Conchy's fon died of the calamity. 1 lie fame day his dau S -a *T3 U 3 £ 2 c 0 ,rt H 2 c O -H o £ < O u Pi I 107 18 12 2 81 48 17 2 7 22 7 I 9S 41 18 3 c J3° 8 9 5 84 28 11 4 87 18 8 3 91 65 23 5 100 *7 10 98 67 20 6 93 2 5 4 2 116 5° 24 7 127 17 «3 3 117 52 18 8 110 14 8 2 122 63 42 9 7 no re-yport. 16 7 '3 I2Q 73 32 lO 11 J3 2 IT5 74 29 31 9l 14 8 5 "7 73 23 12 105 J5 9 122 V 33 *3 85 16 9 3 125 SI 37 »4 92 10 8 3 112 61 48 *5 97 18 7 4 117 60 56 i<5 x7 ^'98 }., ],4 }' > 121 I128 67 81 18 105 17 7 131 57 68 ;, IO 84 32 9 1 15^ 58 61 2o 72 20 9 6 J54 69 67 21 126 16 J3 158 78 57 22 26 *5 7 1 164 68 76 23 7 15 10 26 142 7i 68 24 f T94 18 15 J45 ^3 96 j 25 85 25 8 12 149 80 87 ' 16 95 14 16 6 140 77 52 27 9^ J3 7 146 86 60 2§ 54 13 10 x3 136 106 5» ?9 67 9 8 4 x33 75 57 3o 10 11 85 63 | 24S6 483 276 124 2004 1442 ( tor ) Table of daily returns for Odlober. City Hofpital as . > o» * . .C CO bo 4-1 & "O .5 £ <» CS frj u -1-1 !s Q£ Q £ a -a 3 23 9 2 12 82 27 104 14 ] 48 8 8 82 40 81 »5 8 5 85 34 80 id 22 7 4 12 76 32 70 »7 27 4 4 76 25 80 18 27 4 3 77 25 59 i9 *7 4 5 24 52 34 65 2o J3 4 2 54 *9 55 21 ? 26 4 1 58 J4 59 22 5 3 4 57 20 82- 23 16 1 4 40 22 54 24 10 5 1 14 44 ■17 3« 25 12 5 1 - 48 16 35 26 12 2 1 49 20 23 27 5 3 1 12 39 20 r3 28 1 18 3 3 39 16 2r 29 j- 3 5 7 30 22 l7 30 8 3 3 3° *5 10 31 10 2 3 126 29 16 22 729 *91 168 943 l9<9 * This 100 alfo includes the new cafes of the day previous, C 108 ) Table exhibiting the number of interments in each Burying-Ground. NAMES. Chrifi Church..... St. Peter's......■ St. Paul's....... Firft Prefbyterian - - - - Second Prefbyterian - - - - Third Prefbyterian - - - - Scots Prefbyterian - - - - Affociate Church - - - - - St. Mary's Church - - - - Trinity Church - - - - - Friends -------- Free Quakers ------ Swedes -----.-- German Lutheran - - German Reformed - - - - Moravians ------- Baptifts ------- Methodifls...... Univerfalifts ------ Jews -------- African Epifcopal and Methodift City Hofpital ------ Kenfington ------ Coates's ------- cu, CO Total from the i ft to the 5th Nov. 44 12 25 14 Total 1798 21 r7 32 33 *47 34 7i 6 40 192 97 6 29 21 9 12 '7 1 38 »5 24 7 18 128 66 7 11 16 68 64 44 47 6? 69 19 18 237 61 119 23 79 374 192 *3 45 46 9 00 l9 1716 ^35 9 Total l193 173 109 70 73 128 107 33 12 281 54 373 39 75 641 261 Z 32 2 2 *334 169 3573 72 3645 4041 The above table makes the total of deaths amount to 3645. Our lift of the names of the deceafed only amounts to 3521; but, we think it probable, that the total mortality, occafion- ed by the peftilence, this year, including thofe who died in the country, exceeds 4000. APPENDIX. LETTER From a gentleman of experience and refpedtability, TO THE EDITORS. I Approve your defign of publifhing a hiftory of the ma- lignant fever which has ravaged our city, and divers other parts of America. I hope it will be ufeful to the citizens of the United States, and profitable to yourTelves. Such light as may be in my power to throw upon this fubjedt, you fhall have. I propofe, therefore, to anfwer your queries accord- ing to the beft of my judgment, in the order you have Ha- ted them. Query I. "Is it" (the difeafe) " of domeftic origin, or imported ? If one, or the other, be pleafed to ftate the rea- fons for your opinion." Anfwer. I believe the difeafe, this year, as in the years'93 and '97> to have been imported; and, I will add, contagious : (this being ftill doubted by fome, and denied by others). My reafons are as follow. In'the years'93 and '97, the diforder broke out near the river, and fpread, with remarkable regula- rity, up and down the river; going from houfe to houfe and from ftreet to ftreet, until it extended, from the river, quite to the wef\ward part of the city. In the prefent year, it appeared in feveral parts of the city, diftant from each other, nearly at the fame time: From this circumftance, thofe gentlemen who had-entertained a belief that the dif- eafe we had in '93 and '97 was of domeftic origin, appear- ed confirmed in their opinion •, and concluded that others, A a t APPENDIX. muft now agree with them, that the difeafe, both then and now, originated in this city. If the regular manner in which the diforder fpread over the city, in the years'93 and '97, fur- nifhed an argument in favour of its being imported and coa- tagious, fo does the manner in which it appeared among us in the prefent year, fprnifh an argument, equally ftrong, that it was imported and contagious. Its fpreading over the whole city, in the prefent year, has been as uniform as it was before ; although it appeared in different parts of it nearly at the fame lime. Two flat-men, who lodged near the fign of the Crofs-Keys, were among the firft who died of this diforder. Two young men, of the names of Ralfton and Beaty, lodged together near the hay-fcales, up town ; they had worked on board the fhip Deborah ; were both feized with the fever, and died. A young man, of the name of If- dell, came fscm Burlington, went on board the Deborah to fee ant acquaintance, was foon after feized with the fever, and died. Doctor Kheimly attended a young man who died with the fever ; the Doctor was informed this man belong- ed to the Deborah. A young man, who belonged to the fa- mily of the gentleman who owned the Deborah, died of the fever. It has been repeatedly afferted, that Ely Shoemaker, and'fquire Servofs, were on board the Deborah ; they died of the fever. A gentleman, who lives at Kenfington, has af- fured me, that they were in health until the Deborah was taken there, to be repaired; that feveral of the carpenters, who worked on board her, were feized with the fever and died ; and, from them, it fpread through the place. Dodtor Ben- newell happened to be near this vefiel when fhe was there ; he was foon after feized with the fever ; it fpread through his family, and fome of them died. It is afferted, that a man, of the name of Philips, who lived in Water-ftreet, between Wainut-ftreet and the Draw-bridge, went down the river r.nd brought up one, or more fick men, from the Deborah; they died : Philips was feized with the difeafe, and died.__ About the fame time, the diforder appeared in the* family of the next neighbour of Philips, and foon after, in divers other places in the fouth part of the city, ail of which could have been traced to the neighbourhood where Philips had died. It now made its appearance up town, about the hay-fcales, where Ralfton and Beaty, who had worked on board the Deborah, died j and at the Crofs-Keys, where two fhallop- men had died. In confequence of my profeflion, as an apo- thecary, and perfons coming from various parts of the tow* APPENDIX. Hi for medicine, I had an opportunity of difcovering "that, al- though the difeafe raged violently in many parts of the city at the fame time, )e: there were many other parts en- tirely free from complaint; but, by degrees, die healthy parts diminiflied in magnitude, and the fickly parts increased un- til they met; after which, again, and before the difeafe had learehed out every part of the town, fome parts, where the diforder had raged violently, became free from difeafe ; whilft other parts of the town were vifited that before had been healthy. Near thirty perfons have died in a few hou- fes, oppofite this city, in the Jerfcys. The cafe of the veffel, mentioned in the newfpapers, failing from this city to City- Point, in Virginia, is a finking proof of the contagion of this difeafe ; from this veffel the diforder fpread, and great numbers of the inhabitants died. About 11 perfons, who came to the annual meeting of theFriends,died. A man came from Wilmington to this city ; was inWater-ftreet, near Philips's ; was taken ill foon after he returned home, and died. Some- time after, a quantity of rags, for a paper-maker, was fent from this city to Wilmington; feveral young perfons, who handled them, were taken ill and died: from them, fome iav, it fpread. Thofe who hold that the diforder is of domjftie origin, have faid that many places have been vifited with as great mortality, in proportion to their numbers, as this city ; and who have had no intercourfe with any place, fo as to have taken the diforder by infection ; that the firft who died among them, had never been from home. This has been aflerted by fome, and contradicted by others. It would be an arduous tafk to afcertain the facts, neither is it material. If this fhould even be granted, it does by no means prove what is endeavoured to be inferred from it. If handling a few-rags communicated the difeafe, as at Wilmington, and opening a cheft of clothes, as was the cafe at Bordentown, might not the diforder have been carried, in fome fuch way, where it has been fuppofed to have originated, and at the fame time unnoticed ? Has it not been frequently carried in bales of goods and clothing, from one country to another ? Is it then to be wondered at, that it fliould appear in fome places where its communication could not be traced or ac- counted for ? In the year '94, this city, Bofton and New-London, were clear of the difeafe ; and New-York and Baltimore, were af- flicted with it: In the prefent year, this city, New-York, iv APPENDIX. Bofton, New-London, and other places, have had it, and Baltimore was healthy. Now,it is fcarcely poffible that an epi- demical difeafe, originating in fome peculiar ftate of the at- mofphere, could appear To fingular. What extraordinary phcenomenon has appeared, in the elements, to produce fuch aftonifliing effects ? Had fome deadly exhalation arifen from the bowels of the earth—or fuch a blaft of air, as, at times, appeals in fome parts of the world, where men are fuddenly fmitten with difeafe—had the heavens affumed an appearance very unufual, we might, then, have had fome reafon to conclude this diforder of domeftic origin ; but when the weather has been remarkably ferene and pleafant—when the inhabitants of Philadelphia and Baltimore all breathe the fame common air (unlets, indeed, at Baltimore it is lefs falubrious)-—that, 3t the fame time, a moft mortal epidemic, as it is called, fhould vifit us, and they all enjoy good health! This cannot be : The difeafe we have had among us, I believe, has arifen from no fuch caufe. It is the opinion of fome gentlemen of the faculty, thac coffee and grain, in a ftate of putrefaction, will generate a putrid fever; but they do not agree in faying, how far fuch a fever is contagious : Some, who admit that they would generate a putrid fever, deny fuch a fever would be contagious ; others do not admit that a putrid fever would arife from fuch a caufe. If coffee or grain, in a ftate of pu- trefaction, Will, at any time, generate a contagious putrid fever, it will at all times do fo, the ftate of the atmofphere being the fame, becaufe the operations of nature are uni- formly alike ; but, among the farmers and millers in Ame- rica, no inftances of the kind has appeared. The late doctor Chauvett, who had refided many years in the Weft-Indies, always gave it as his opinion, that the fe- ver, commonly called the Weft-India fever, from its pre- vailing there, was not natural to the climate, but was impor- ted from Africa. Doctor Letfom, of London, in a letter to a gentleman of the faculty in this city, informs him, that a veffjl f.uled from Africa in the year '93, and arrived in the Weft-Indies, having a malignant fever on board ; that this fever fpread .lmcngthe king's troops wuh great mortality \ that one remark* hie circumftance attending the difeafe was, that thofe who died feldom furvived the fifth day. It is now further well known, that, from the year '93 to the prefent time, the fever in the Weft-L.dies has been worfe than ufu- al. A mailer of a veffel, who has failed to the Weft-Indies for fome years paft, affured me, that, in the year '96, he lay APPENDIX. * near a Britifli man of war of 74 guns, that the fever appea- red among the crew, and that 30 perfons were buried from her in twenty-four hours. A medical gentleman, with whom I am acquainted, has further informed me, that he was on the coaftof Africa, in the year 1788, when the vef- fels that were there, had on board a difeafe refembling the one we have had, in all refpedts. We fee, then, in the year '88, this diforder was in Africa ; doctor Letfom has tra- ced it from Africa to Philadelphia, in the year '93 ; and that it has been in the Weft-Indies from '93 to the prefent year. Is it not then more than probable, that it has been repeat- edly brought from thence to the United States of America ? That this difeafe is the plague, or a plague, is evident, if we attend to the fymptoms and circumftances attending it. In the firft place, great proftration of ftrength attended the fick from the firft attack ; fome died in a few hours after they were taken ill; many died within 24 hours after; but generally on the fifth day. Many were raving and diffrac- ted, and would have got away from their nurfes if they could. They frequently bled at the mouth and nofe, and died with the black vomit. There is a great refemblance, in other refpedts, between the difeafe we have had, and thofe plagues which has vifited other countries. Under the article of plague, in the Encyclopedia, we are told of a plague that killed fcarce any women, and very few except lufty men. Another plague, mentioned by Boterue, which affaulted none but the younger fort. Cardon fpeaks of a plague at Bafil, with which the Switzers were infected, and the Italians, Germans and French, exempted; and a dreadful one at Copenhagen, which, though it raged among the Danes, fpared the Germans, Dutch and Englifh, who went with all freedom, and without the leaft danger, to the houfes of the infected. During the plague which ravaged Syria in 1760, it was obferved, that people of the foundeft: conftitutions were the moft liable to it, and that the weak and delicate were either fpared, or eafily cured : it was moil fatal to the Moors; when it attacked them, it was, generally, incurable. The difeafe we had in the years '93 and 97 was more mor- tal among men than women ; and was ftill more fo among the ftrong and vigorous than among the weak and delicate ; and rarely attacked any under 14 years of age; the Weft- Indians efcaped it altogether. In the prefent year, it feems to have feized all ages and both fexes, except the Weft-In- vi APPENDIX dians, and they have efcaped it as heretofore ; perfons lately from Europe took it readily, and it was generally mortal. From the foregoing refemblance between the plague, which has defolated other countries, and the ficknefs we have had, we may fafely pronounce it a plague. If, then, this is its proper appellation, it has not generated in Ameri- ca ; no caufe, adequate to the generating fuch a difeafe, hav- ing appeared among us. To fay that the elements have un- dergone forne extraordinary change, is merely an affertion that does not appear to have any foundation. Is there not a great degree of uniformity in the temperature of the air and elements, from Maflachufetts-Bay to Virginia ? and, yet, how different has been the fate of the inhabitants, in particu- lar places, between the one and the other. What falubrity ;n the air and elements has Baltimore been bleffed with be- yond Philadelphia, New-York, Bolton, and other places in the prefent year, and which it was deprived of in the year '94, r.'iu Philadelphia enjoyed in preference ? The foregoing are reafons to induce me to believe the difeafe we have had, was not an epidemical difeafe, occafioned by any peculiar ftate of the atmofphere, nor occafioned by any fhgnated filth in or near, our city. The diforder we have had is no lefs than a plague ; and, as no fufficient caufe has appeared to generate a plague, fo, of confequence, it mult have been imported. It is generally agreed that the plague was never bred, or propagated, in Britain ; but was always imported there : and if it be fo, may we not, with as much reafon, conclude it was never bred or generated' in America ? I do not fay this ' is impoffible, but only contend it hath never yet happened, although we have had a difeafe, in the laft war, approaching thereto, viz. the camp fever. To what caufe, then, fhall we attribute the origin of fuch a difeafe ? Not to a few bags of damaged coffee, or vegetable fubftances, in a ftate of putrefaction; this, in my opinion, would net do it. Although perfons approaching fuch a fource of polluted air might get a fever, yet I cannot believe fuch a fever would be contagious. My fufpicions are, that this difeafe takes its origin from human nature. There are frequent plagues among the brute Creation, and which are confined to one particular fpecies. I fufpect, then, that thofe plagues originate in fome peculiar manner among the particular fpecies which are afflicted, whether dogs, cats, horfes, or horned cattle. Plagues, therefore, APPENDIX. vii smong men, originate not by means of damaged grain, cof- fee, or any vegetable fubftances, in a ftate of putrefaction ; but by means of human nature in a ftate of peculiar difeafe, death and putrefaction. A number of perfons crouded to- gether, in-a narrow apartment, although in perfect heahh, will foon generate a difeafe ; and it will be more malignant the longer they ai-e confined. A large encampment, if pro- vifions are bad, and the men not kept clean, and impurities not removed, will generate difeafe—thefe are the jail and camp fever, and refemble a plague in fome degree ; but to render them fo virulent, as to become highly contagious, for they are contagious in fome degree, it may poffibly re- quire that moft offenfive and deadly exhalation, which arife from the human corps in a ftate of putrefaction ; this com- bination of caufes, together with a particular ftate of the atmofphere, produces, as I fuppofe, what is properly, and diftinguifhedly, called the plague. This effluvia operates upon perfons of a peculiar habit of body, as a poifonous lea- ven, fo as fpeedily to reduce them to that ftate of difeafe, in which they tranfmit the fame peftilential miafmata, as per- fons in the fmall-pox, and fome other difeafes, propagate the fame difeafe. I have either read, or heard, of a plague, arifing from a grave having been opened, when the corps was in a ftate of putrefaction ; the grave-digger being firft feized, and dying ; from him it fpread. That fuch a caufe might produce a malignant fever, there is no doubt; how far it would be contagious, depends upon known facts : that the jail and camp fevers are contagious, in fome degree, is true ; and that human corps, in a ftate of putrefaction, will com- municate a malignant and putrid fever, is alfo true ; that they may unite together, and, under a peculiar ftate of the atmof- phere, conftitute a malignant, putrid and contagious fever, is almoft certain ; and I very much doubt whether any thing fhort of either one or other of thofe caufes,or thefe combined, would produce fuch a fever. We are told, that an immenfe fwarmof locufts dying has occafioned a plague. Ido not doubt the ftory ; yet I do not believe that this difeafe was conta- gious or catching from man to man ; an immenfe number of locufts, in a ftate of putrefaction, might contaminate the air, fo as to render it almoft fatal for any perfon to breathe it. Thoufands might die from fuch a caufe ; yet this h a diiTerent thing from contagion ; everym an being feized with fuch a ficknefs, derives his diforder immediately from a great mafs of contaminated air ; but a contagious, putrid fever is viii APPENDIX. where the difeafe communicates an effluvia ; which, being received by perfons of a peculiar habit of body, produces, in them, the fame difeafe. It is highly probable, as I have before obferved, that every contagious difeafe with which mankind are afflicted, arifes from fome peculiar caufe among the fpecies. Thofe gentlemen who believe the difeafe we have had was neither imported nor contagious, advance the following reafons, viz. that very few of thofe who nurfed in the dif- eafe took it; and many others efcaped who were much ex- pofed to the contagion, and that it did not fpread in the country. It is, indeed, one confoling circumftance attending ihe difeafe, that there did not appear that danger in nurfing in it, as might have been apprehended from fo malignant a difeafe ; but it does not therefore follow that it is not, or was not, contagious. It is true, there are fome perfons of that peculiar habit of body which do not take the difeafe, let them be ever fo much expofed to it; were not this the cafe, the world would foon be depopulated. It has been faid, that fome of thofe who nurfed at the hofpital, in the midft of great contagion, enjoyed their health ; but leaving the hofpital, and coming into town, they caught the diforder. From this, it is inferred, that the dif- eafe was not contagious in itfelf; but that the danger arofe from the peculiar ftate of the atmofphere in the city. Ad- mitting the facts to be as above ftated, I account for the nurfes efcaping the ficknefs at the hofpital, and taking it in the city, upon ether principles. The hofpital is a building which ftands alone, and well aired, and was kept clean ; the miafmata, arifing from the fick, was fpeedily extinguifhed, cr carried away by the free admiffion of the air : this, to- gether with the contiguous vegetation, and the falubrious ex- halations arifing therefrom, rendered it much fafer, than where buildings erected, with brick, are crowded together, ai^d the ftreets paved. By thofe means, the air muft have bfeen much more difpofed to fpread contagion, and to add virutc'ney to the difeafe. I have now anfwered your query with refpedt to the ori- gin of the diforder, and, have further given you fome reafons why I believe it to be contagious, many others might be ad- vanced. 2dly, You requeft to be informed of " the time when the f-rfr cafe appeared, and where ?" On the 2d of July, Mark Miller died, as has been re- APPENDIX. is pdrted, with the ufual,fymptoms of the yellow fever. And a&this cafe could not be traced to any veffel from the Weft- Indies, it hasbeen.ufed as an argument in favour of its do- meftic origin :;But, it is.faid, the bed on which he flept, at his lodgings in Callowhill-ftreet, was one en which a young man laid, while he had the.yellow fever in the year '97. If this be true, as I believe the difeafe to be of the peitilential kind, it accounts for his having taken the diforder, and points out the neceffity of well Gleanfing houfes. There were di- vers other perfons who died in the month of June and July, (whofe, names I have forgot) with fymptoms, as it was laid, very much refembling the yellow fever ; and thofe gentle- men who hold that the fever originated among us, advance thefe cafes as additional arguments in favour of their hypo- thefis: ;But, might they not have died in confequence of contagion remaining, either in beds or cloathing from the preceding year, or from fome veffels from the Weft Indies ? for, the difeafe is there, and no doubt has been brought by other veffels befides the Deborah and Mary; or might not thofe perfons have died of a billious fever, fuch as that which fometimes.prevails in the fummer feafon, which is not con- tagious, yet, in its fymptoms, is very much like the malig- nant fever we have:had among us ? It may be faid, that if thofe perfons.had received the diforder either by a veffel from the Weft-Indies, from peitilential miafmata, remaining in beds or cloathing, the diforder would have fpread from them over the city. This does not follow, neither. There is no doubt but that a certain pre-difpofition, in the air, is ne- ceffary, in order for it to fpread, and a pre-difpofition of body alfo to receive it. A warm fummer produces this effect: it both renders the atmofphere difpofed to fpread the difeafe, and the habits of bodies among the people to receive it, and alfo it may require the fummer feafon to produce this effect, fo as for it to fpread generally, yet fome individuals may take it earlier. This fentiment feems corroborated from a great number having had the diforder fince it has generally aba- ted ; .for, as fome have taken the diforder fince the weather has been fo favourable as to have very much extinguifhed it, fo fome might have taken it from previous contagion, be- fore the feafon was fuch as. to promote a general infection. Your third query is, " What were the general appear- ances of the difeafe ? Were they any way different from the year '93." .Anfwer. The general appearances of Che^*£eafe Bb APPENDIX. fo nearly refembled the appearances in the year'93, as evi- dently fhewed it to be the fame difeafe, yet more malignant and mortal. In the year '93, fcarce any took the diforder under 14 or 15 years of age: it was lefs mortal among wo- men than men. In the prefent year, it has been very mortal among all ages, and both fexes. 4th. You query, " What were the fuccefsful modes of treatment? did they differ from former practice ?" Anfwer. The moft fuccefsful mode of treating this difor- der, appeared to be, either by falivating the patient as fpee- dily as poffible, or by promoting a copious fweat, on the firft fymptoms appearing ; then to open the body well, and by keeping it open with moderate purges, and frequent clyftering. Altho' the lancet was not fo frequently ufed as heretofore, yet, in fome cafes, it was, in my opinion, very proper. The regimen fhould be of the cooling kind; fuch as that generally known and pradlifed in malignant fevers. If the patient mould be feized with a pain in the ftomach, which is fometimes the cafe, and it is an unfavourable fymptom, I have known extraordinary good effects produced by fomenting the part with a decoction of flaxfeed. There is no difeafe which depends more upon the nurfe; for, if vour phyfician is ever fo fkilfuf, if your nurfe is inatten- tive, you may, neverthelefs, lofe your friend ; and, it is on this account, that this difeafe has been more mortal than otherwife it would have been. I have been informed by a young man, who nurfed in the diforder, at Wilmington, that the mortality was confiderably lefs among thofe who were laid under tents, and upon the ground, with only ftraw under them, than among thofe who were attended in the ufual way in dwelling houfes. 5th. You query, " Was the difeafe in any cafe infec- tious, when carried into the country, diftant from tide-wa- ter ?" Anfwer. This difeafe was infectious at Germantown: eight or ten perfons took it in two or three families. This diforder will be moft mortal in cities that are large, and po- pulous, (whether they are on tide-water or not,) on account of houfes depriving each other of a free admiffion and cir- culation of the air, the encreafed h^at of cities, and their being deprived of the falubrity of vegetation, and the occu- pation of many citizens confining them within doors. oth. You afk,« What eftimate do you make of the num.- APPENDIX. her who have died in the country,? How long were they out ? Or whether, with them, it affumed fuch fatal or vio- lent appearances as here ?" Anfwer. I have taken no pains to afcertain the numbers who have died in the country; but they are much greater than the numbers were in the year '93; neither have I taken any pains to afcertain what length of time they were out. With refpect to thofe who were feized with the diforder in the country, it appeared to be as fatal as in the city, although it did not fpread as it did in the city: the reafon for which, I conceive to be, country houfes are better aired, and the advantages they have of the falubripus effedts of vegetation. 7thly. " What are the beft means of preventing its intro- duction or generation, or to prevent its attack, when gene- rated, befides that of flight?" Anfwer. As this diforder is unqueftionably imported from the Weft-Indies, the beft means of preventing its introduc- tion is, to flop all trade there for a few months in the year, or to oblige veffels to perform a more effectual quarantine than has been obferved heretofore. The beft way to pre- vent an attack of the difeafe, when introduced among r.:;, befides that of flight, is, to keep vour perfon and your habi- tation fweet and clean, ufe moderate exercife in the open air, not to ftand ftill in the fun, and avoid taking cold; to live temperately, yet by no means too abftemioufly, nor to take purgatives by way of prevention; and, above all things, to acquire, if poffible, a magnanimous mind that does not fear death. I know of no better preventatives than the fore- going; yet, as the difeafe is the plague, I believe many would take it, if expofed to the contagion, let them ufe whatever precaution they may. 8thly. " What are the beft means of cleanfing houfes, clothes, &c. of the infected, and of deftroying contagion ?" Anfwer. Gunpowder flafhed in an infected room will ex- pel the foul air, and replace it with air free from conta- gion; but, that every clofet and crevice may be fearched, (hut your room clofe up, ftop the fire-place, fet a pan of coals in the middle of the room, on which throw a quantity of brimftone, and fill your room with the fumes; or, take a handful of common fait, or falt-petre, and with it, about half a pound of oil of vitriol, hanging, at the fame time, wear- ing apparel, or any other article which you may apprehend is infected, in the room. Thefe fumes will penetrate every thing thoroughly, and cleanfe them from infection. Linens xii APPENDIX. may be cleanfed by fteepnrg them in ley, ami Woolens m> foap fuds. White-wafh your walls with lime, and wafh your floors with ley. To bury an infected article in the grouwcl ten d-ays will clean fe it. 9thfy. " Are there any particular clafics of perfons more fubjedt to- it than other9r.?' Anfwer. It appears that fome perfons are more liable to take it than others. In this refpedt, it correfponds with fbrne other plagues which have appeared at different times, I know of no iriftance of a Weft-Indian taking the diforder, although there was many in the city during fhe whole fick- nefs. Europeans have taken it very readily, and- it has been generally mortal among them. Of the American's in the year '93, I know of but few who took it under 14 or 15 years of age, and as I have obferved before, it was more mortal among men than women1; and it has been more mortal then and the prefent year, among the robuft arid fanguinary^ than' among perfons of a fpare habit of body. Of hard drinkers, fcarce one in twenty have recovered. S. W. TO THE EDITORS OF THE HISTORY OF THE YELLOW FfeVER. Gentlemen, X HAVE received your circular letter of the 9th of No- vember, containing queries relative to the epidemic, which lately ravaged our city and other places on this continent. The good that may refult from your undertaking is obvious, if it only contributes to propagate thofe opinions which will lead us to efficacious meafures for the prefervation of a great population. Many old countries have protected them- felves againft plagues and malignant fevers, and why fliould we not imitate their improvements to obtain the fame blefE- ings? I have now but little to fay on the various topics of fo interefting a fubjedt, yet, I think it is the duty of every in- APPENDIX. xui dividual, tofubmit to the public any observation that he may deem conducive to relieve us from one of the greateft cala- mities. That duty I endeavoured to fulfil laft year, and I would be obliged to repeat what I have already publifhed, if I were to anfwer all your queries. I fhall, however, content myfelf with a few obfervations that have occurred during one year more of experience. " Is the yellow fever of dome/lie origin ?" Men wiflring for fpe- dilative demonftration, might perhaps be fatisfied' with what has been already faid in the affirmative of this queftion, and chiefly by the opinion of the majority of the learned in the United States; but, if a proof of another kind is acceptable— a proof of fact and of experimental demonftration, fuch a proof has been offered to me by a lingular circumftance; and I beg your readers will weigh it with impartiality, while their candour will require no further evidence than that which is in the power of one witnefs to give. A gentleman from a foreign country, who arrived during oqp late epidemic, informed me, that although he was quite kealthy, and had lived many years in'one of the Weft-In- dia iflands, he did experience a difagreeable impreflion from our atmofphere chiefly during the firft days of his ar- rival; and that he had even felt fome fever, which juft- ly alarmed him. In confequence, he fixed his refidence at two miles dlfiant from town, where he never fuffered any kind ©f indifpofition y yet, as he frequently came into the city, he then always difcovered that our atmofphere was impregnat- ed with corrupted effluvia, which he could affimilate to no- thing better than to the effluvia from rotten wood. This ef- fect was very furprifing to him; for he admired the regula- rity and the cleanlinefs of this town in general. I anfwered, that if I could add to his obfervation a greater evidence than that of a fingle individual, I could derive from it a convinc- ing proof, that the origin of our epidemic was a contagion abundantly floating in our atmofphere, and inceffantly re- newed in it. It was obvious to fuppofe that this gentleman was endowed with a particular degree of acutenefs in his olfactory organs, which power, however, is not very uncom- mon, and which many among us do not perceive, being ac- cuftomed to live in a vitiated atmofphere. But how could an imported diforder produce fuch an alteration in it? Are not populous towns in Europe productive of much more corrupt* cd vapours, than thofe that can arife from a few patients fcattered about? and yet none of them, except in the Le- xiv APPENDIX. vant, are productive of peftilence. Moreover, all the houfes here, few excepted, were fhut up during the laft prevalence, 2nd almoft none could produce the ufual fhare.of corruption which muft continually arife from inhabited places. It refled with me to collect as much evidence as I could of an important fact, becaufe the affertion of the above gentleman extended to all the minutes which he paffed in town, and at every time of his coming into it from the houfe where he lodged in the country. It was confequently agreed between us that he would fubmit to a trial, by which I could render both his unprejudiced veracity, and the acutenefs of hisfmelling pow- er, unqueftionable proofs of an existing contagion in our at- mofphere. I then defired him to come with me, while I vifited my patients. If I flopped at any place or houfe where there was no fick, I would leave to him to difcriminate whether effluvia or corrupted miafma could be fmelled in the neighbourhood or in the entries around. This obfervation was very tfifficult to make; but I thought it could not be im- poffible to a man who could diftinguifiVfuch alterations in the atmofphere: it was befides grounded on the opinion and the fact of noxious vapours fenfibly arifing from the beds or bodies of patients in the yellow fever, arid poffibly diffufing at a great diftance. The man accepted the talk,, and fulfilled it wonderfully well. At every place where I flopped or went in, he was able to tell whether a patient was in it or not: he could alfo difcover when I had put myfelf too much in contadt with the fick. But I objected that the contagp-i ous miafma, which he perceived fo ftrongly in the neigh- bourhood and in the houfes of the fick, might be fuppofed to be the caufe of the corrupted vapours, which he had ob- ferved in the atmofphere. He could not think fo, he faid, becaufe they were quite different, and he was now fmelling a new fort of human or animal putrefaction which he had not yet in any degree fmelled in the general currents of the air, within the avenues and the ftreets of the city. For a laft trial, I took with me a clean white pocket handkerchief, and left it a few minutes in the bed of a patient. I wrapped it up again in a fheet of paper. At the firft interview with the gentleman, I fuddenly unfolded it, and fhook it in his prefence, and pretty near him, when he fuddenly complain- ed of my diffufing very ftrong and corrupted vapours, fuch as he bad fmelled before at my patients' houfes. I finally remained fatisfied of the extreme acutenefs of the fenfes of the obferver, and of his veracity in afcertaining that our APPENDIX. atmofphere was contaminated with corrupted vapours. That the air is conftantly renewed and purified of any kind of im- pure emanations, even without wind, is a fact that experi- ence teaches us, in every populous town, and at any feafon of the year ; but, fuch effects cannot take place, when the local fources of corruption, as the wharves, &c. are in a con- tinual fermentation. This was doubtlefs the cafe of Phila- delphia.Then, it is not furprifing, that our atmofphere fhould bread fevers, contagion and death ! To unprejudiced people, it will appear impoffible that an imported diforder could contaminate the whole atmofphere during three months, and when fo few people remain in it. The other point to which I may advert, in anfwer to your letter, is the proportion of thofe who recovered by the be- nefit of medical art, and by the method of treatment which has been generally employed by the greateft number of our phyficians. In giving fuch eftimate, however, I wholly con- fine it within my own opinion, and thofe of a few medical fiiends. Owing to the greater degree of malignancy of the laft epidemic, it fhould feem that the fuccefs of our prac- . fcice has not furpaffsd that of the year '97, although the beft remedies were more generally employed. It is true, that it is the peculiar character of a contagious diforder to increafe its deplorable effects in proportion to the degree of alarm that it fpreads; for, patients altogether given up to the moft fhock- ing defpair, and deftitute of proper afiiftance, muft neceffa- rily foon become victims of the ficknefs. Thefe confidera- tions, oblige us, gentlemen, to limit our reckoning among or from the patients who were timely and properly affifted; and of thofe, I think, that fix recovered out of feven. If it was made known that this juft and true proportion of the fick reco- vered, by.more refpedtable authorities than that of an indivi- dual,inftead of fo many dreadful accounts of deaths inceffantly publifhed, certainly the people at large would at leaft be fup- ported by a confoling and relieving hope, and in fact, thev would be more careful of themfelves; for, thofe who cannot conveniently remove from the feat of the infedtion, would be more attentive in procuring medical afiiftance, for which they apply too late or not at all, for want of confidence in its remedies, and becaufe they are not at all apprifed of their effe&ual applications. I fhall alfo take the liberty to fugged, that the public authority might eafily obviate the difadvantage of the abfence of many of our regular phyficians, by granting te thofe who choofe tp remain in the infected places, the xvi APPENDIX. means df attending as many patients as they could, if they are not ufed to keep the accommodation of a carriage. One objection may be made againft the above proportion Of the patients recovered under the help of medical aw, if we attend, without-explanation, to a comparative ftatement on that fubjedt, publifhed by the health office, the 21-ft of Sep- tember. So it flood; Number of cafes reported by phyficians, 2472 Of which have been fent to the hofphal, 535 Of which number died, only 276 Whilft the number of deaths, in the City and Liber- ties, had been nearly three-fourths, that is to fay, out of 1935 cafes in it, died 1424 The health office was folicitoufly impelled to pubtffh the above ftatement, in order to convince the people, that there was a great danger for them to flay in town, and that the afiiftance prepared for them in the city-hofpital was far bet- ter than any they could procure in the city: in all refpedts that intention was laudable; and, in many, the confequenoeaf were true; but it behoves a phyfician to explain, why fuch a great number as the half of the fick died in thp hofpital, and why three-fourths have fallen victims in town. I never granted to a fiek perfon an order for admiffion in- to the city-hofpital, but I lamented that it was too late, be- caufe one or two days had been loft, by the patient indulging himfelf in the opinion, that his cafe was not the yellow fe- ver, or trying fome remedies recommended by their neigh- bours; or foolifhly delaying to take a refolution, which igno- rance and prejudice rendered very painful to every one of them. To that delay, one or two days were added before the patient would be admitted into the hofpital, owing to ne- glect in tranfmitting the order to the officers of the board of health, or to the want of fome body who could be fent for the carriage, or to accidental delays of other kinds. Thus, it may be juftly obferved, to the honour ©fthe phyfi- cians employed in the city-hofpital, that moft of the patients they received were taken lick three or four, and many four or five days previous to their admiffion; yet, at that time, they had cured half of them. We were in town witneffes to almoft the fame neglects, delays, and prejudices, among the fick'who called for ouraf- fiftance. Many refufed to be fent to the hofpital, who died deftitute cf nurfes and the moft neceffary remedies; while they furely were not benefited by our atmofphere. They APPENDIX. Xvii Were aifo injured by the heat, narrownefs and uncleanlinefs of their houfes and clothes. As the yellow fever has often the furprifing effect of fufpending any kind of painful fenfa- tion, many felt as if nothing of confequence ailed them, till the approach of death. If, on the contrary, they were attacked with violent fymptoms, they were abandoned even by their neareft relations; but few charitable and judicious nurfes could be found; of the remaining phyficians, many were fickand con- fined. In fhort, I have feen about fixty or feventy patients, all of the above defcription; the greateft part died; and it furely will be granted, that if they had received proper afiiftance, the greater part muft have recovered; and, for the truth and juftnefs of thefe obfervations, I can,I believe, with confidence, call upon the candor and experience of the other phyficians. It will then be underftood, why fo many patients died in town with the yellow fever, without derogating from the eflimate I have given of thofe who recovered under medical afiiftance. Every body is now inveftigating what are the beft means of preventing the return of that calamity. We muft congra- tulate ourfelves on the laudable and numerous exertions of our fellow citizens. The introduction of pure waters, will, no doubt, prove one of the moft beneficial improvements; for, it equally anfwers the purpofe of cleanfing the ftreets, as rtfrefhing the atmofphere. The poor people alfo will have an eafier and more convenient means for wafhing their clothes, which they are ufed to keep dirty, during the fummer, until they can gather fome rainwater; but that is not all: many other caufes did appear to me very obnoxious to the wholefom- nefs of the town. The cafements and logs of our wharves are old, and their furface is rotten; at low water, when afeorching fun dries them up, they produce very infecting and dangerous effluvia. The vicinity of the docks has always appeared to be the feat of many deaths; becaufe, at the periodical return of the tide, their filthy waters are alfo returned,and the moft corrupt- ed and black mud is left again on the bottom. Too many crow- ded buildings are unfortunately erected upon the wharve3. The whole eaft fide of Philadelphia is waited by a double, thick and high range of houfes, through which the air has but few ftreets opened to circulate. The conveniences of the flapping and mercantile bufinefs, have thus deprived the metropolis of the refrefhing and moiit currents of air, that muft neceffarily rife from one of the iargcii rivers". The * There are about ten thoufand huuCcz in Pii;ia;ieii h:..; the eround alfo coni.uas ten tJiou^nd deep ditches or privy neteifa- B C C X7lii APPENDIX- ftreets of the fuburb9, and many of the city, are left in a fu-prifing ftate of degradation, and without pavement, while the numerous carriages and great intercourfe with the coun- try, render them ftill worfe; no declivity is given to their w-itevs; no police law is enacted to compel the inhabitants to clean their foot-ways. There the rains, and the common ftwers of houfes, empty, form ponds, and cover the furface with a thick liratum of animal and vegetable putrefaction. There is nobody in thofe parts, and even South ftreet, who could not, when he pleafes, manure his little garden with the black mud which furrounds them. I never could think, gen- tlemen, as many do, that the numerous burying-grounds in- clofed in the city, were of no bad confequence. I believe quite the reverfe, and I fupported it in my account of the yellow fever in '97, by reafons and arguments which I do net think eafy to refute. All thofe burying-grounds are fituated en the moft elevated points of the city; and as the higheft part of the city is forty feet above the river, and as the ditches are dug only fix feet deep, I calculate that the bed of all our dead, lie between 20 and 30 feet above the loweft ground. How many ftreets, confequently, and how many cellars are lower than the loweft bottom of a burying-ground ? I afk now, whether the conftant moifture and vapour of the ground can be infiltrated from any where but from the high fur- rounding parts, and whether waters wafhing thoHfauds of dead bodies, renewed every year, do not retain the moft noxious particles, although thefe waters, under the whole ground of Philadelphia, do circulate through the moft ho- mogeneous clay. Thefe are, gentlemen, the points of obfervation which have conftantly fix~d my opinion, on the origin of our ma- lignant fever; from which nothing now can prcferve us, ex- cept a cool fummer, and frequent N. W. Winds. Other re- medies or preventatives againft fuch a calamity, will, I hope, be found in the liberality and experience of cur enlightci ed fellow-citizens; but it would be ufelefs to fireis upon any ether conjecture or hyputhefis. It was always known, and never ob- jected but here, that the vicinity of effluvia from corrupted ries: in any of them contain the animal filth of feveral genera- tions, and, for the ck-ah*.n^ of them, no law wus; enacted;no means were provided ! Quere.Isnot the number of privy ditches, and the cubic folidity of this filth, in a proportionate ratio for the corrup- tion of ail our watersj cisd iV /oiwning every point of exhalation APPENDIX. xix animal or vegetable fubftances were peitilential, and produc- ed fatal difeafes; and whenever fuch fources of contagion furround us, and exift with us, it would be injudicious to dwell upon mere fuppofitions; for the importion of a fever will always be a fuppofed doctrine, fince it is generally grant- ed, that during the heat of fummer, the fame caufes can pro- duce it on board of veffels, at fea or in our ports, and often car- ries off the whole of their crews. It is alfo very extraordina- ry, that we fhould receive, by importation, a diforder which proves fo terrible among us, while it is but occafionally in the countries from where we dread to receive it, and where it is hardly thought contagious, and never threatens, to an alarming degree the population nor the profperity of th/- inhabitants. I have the honour to be, Gentlemen, Yours, &c. F. O. P. Letter to Thomas Mifflin, Efq. Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennfylvania, From the Academy of Medicine of Philadelphia, on the origin and -,neans of preventing the return of the Yellow Fever. Sir, TN order to comply with your requeft to the Academy of ^ Medicine, communicated by Dr. Samuel Duffield, con- fuiting Phyfician of the port, respecting the means of prevent- ing the return of the epidemic fever, which has lately afilidl- ed our city, the Academy have conceived the hiftory of its origin, necefiarily connected with their anfwer. We believe It was derived from the following fources : j. The exhalations of the alleys, gutters, docks, and com- mon fewers of the city; and from ftagnating water in its neighbourhood. 2. The foul air difcharged with the ballaft of the fhip De- borah, and the cargo of the brig Mary ; the former of which arrived from Hifpaniola on the 18th July, and the latter on the 29th of the fame month. We reject the opinion of an imported human contagion in either of the above veffels. Jt has not been afferted that any perfon died of the "yellow fe- ver on board the Mary? during her voyage : and if it be fzld, xx APPENDIX. that feveral perfons died on board the Deborah of that difcifc, on herpaffag*e to.this city, we cannot admit that they contami- nated the timbers or contents of the fhip in fuch a manner, as to fpread the difeafe to perfons at feveral hundred feet dif- tance from the wharf at which fhe was moored. The impro- bability of this opinion will appear from two confiderations. Firft—'The difeafe is not contagious in the Weft-Indies; and rarely, if ever fo, in the United States in hot weather, at which time only it makes its firft appearance in our country. So general is this opinion, that fome phyficians have unfor- tunately refufed to admit the exiftence of the lever in its com- mencement in our city, only becaufe it was not contagious. Second—The difeafe was in no inftance propagated by thofe perfons who were fuppofed to have derived it from hu- man contagion adhering to the timbers or contents of the Deborah and Mary, and who died with it in parts of the city remote from the influence of the foul air of thofe veffels. If it be faid that th^ contagion of the yellow fever is not uniform in its effects, it ought at leaft to be admitted, that it acts with moft certainty where it exifts with moft force ; but the reverfe of this took place in the fuppofed origin of our late fever from imported contagion. We are the more deter- mined in our opinion of the foul air of the Deborah and M:>ry being the caufe of many cafes of our feyer, from fimi- lar cafes of fever having been often produced from fimilar caufes, inftances of which were mentioned in cur letter to you of laft year. In fupport of our opinion of the difeafe being derived from the exhalations of our city*before enumerated, we fhall men- tion the names of the following p rfons, who had the fever before the arrival of the Deborah or Mary, in our port, viz. Benjamin Jones, Fromberger's G>urt, June 2d ; Mary Wrig- glefworth, near the corner of Walnut and Tenth-! treets, Tune 6th ; Rebecca Trefted, in Front between vSpruce and Union-ftreets, June nth; Elizabeth C-.uran, Fourth below South-ftreet, June 27th ; Mark Miller, C.illowhill-ttrect, and Molly Zelier, Race-ftreet, July 2d; Mils Byrne, Spruce between Second and Third ftreets, July nth ; Mr. Vannoft, "Shannon-ftreet wturves, July 12th. We obferved. moreover, and heard of a '.onfiderablc number of perfons who had the difeafe in the weftern parts or the city, and in Southwark and the Northern Liberties, who had not been expofed to con- tagion! nor breathed the air in the neighbourhood of Water- < APPENDIX. xxi ftreet for many weeks, and in fome inftances fur feveral months, before they were attacked by that fever. In addition to the arguments in favour of the domeftic fources of the fever, that had been mentioned in our former letter, we fhall add four more, that we think cannot be re- futed. i. The atmofphere of our city, during the prevalence of the fever, produced fenfations of pain or ficknefs in many people who came into it from the country; the fame atmof- phere became the caufe of the difeafe and death in others who vifited the city, and who carefully avoided lodging, or any intcrcouvfe with perfons infected by the fever. 2. The difeafe prevailed in many inland towns of the Unit- ed States, which had no intercourfe with thofe fea-port towns in which it was epidemic. Thofe towns were, in every in- ftance we have heard of, fituated near to putrid fubftances, or ftagnating water. 3. The difeafe was rarely contagious, even when it termi- nated in death, when carried into the country, or into towns not expofed to putrid exhalations. 4.. The general extinction of the difeafe by froft' clearly proves that it exifts chiefly in the atmofphere; and that it is not derived, in the firft inftance, from human contagion ; for 'froft, it is well known, does not act in the autumnal months upon the bodies of the fick, nor upon their beds, clothing, or any other fuppofed receptacle of contagion. We with to direct the attention of our fellow-citizens to the hiftory of the caufes and remedies of peftilential dife.ifes in foreign countries : In the ages of medical fuperftition, when thofe difeafes were believed to be imported, they nearly de- populated cities for many fucceffive years. Frequent and ac- cumulated fuffering at laft begat wifdom. The caufes of peftilence were difcovered to exift in all counts ics, and do- meftic remedies were applied to remove them, fhe effedt of this change in the opinion and conduct of the nations of Europe has been the almoft general extirpation of malignant fevers from their cities and fea ports. We have many docu- ments to prove that the recurrence of the yellow fever h>.s been prevented in the cities of Europe by cleanlinefs. It for- merly prevailed in Italy, Spain, Franc-, Germany, Holland, and, occafionally, in Britain and Ireland, under the names of putrid, malignant, and bilious fevers, alfo of the gallficbifs and of the black fever. The hit name was derived from the xxii APPENDIX. black vomiting, which is fo often the fymptom of approach- ing death in bilious fevers. We are the more confirmed in the opinion we hive deliver- ed, that the yellow fever is a native difeafe of our country, by discovering that the fame opinion is held by moft of the phyficians and citizens of our filter ftates. We hment the prevalence of an opinion, that the admiflion of truth upon this fubjedt, will injure the credit of our city. Truth, upon all fubjedts is ultimately friendly to general intereft and hap- ptnefs, while the remedies of the evils of error, are always of a partial and tranlitory nature. We conceive that the report of the exiftence of a difeafe of a nature fo fubtle as to elude the utmoft force of the health laws, and the greateft vigilance of health-officers, will be much more injurious to our city, than a belief of its being derived from caufes which are ob- vious to our fenfes, and which, by active exertions, might be eafily nnd certainly removed, without oppreffing or injuring cur commerce. We fliail repeat, in this place, the means recommended by us in our former letter, with the addition of fome others, for preventing a return of the difeafe. i. " Removing all thofe matters from our ftsreets, gutters, cellars, gardens, yards, ftores, vaults, ponds, &c. which, by putrefaction in warm weather, afford the moft frequent caufe of the difeafe in this country. For this purpofe, we recommend the appointment of a certain number of phyfi- cians, whofe bufinefs itfnall be, to infpedt all fuch places in the city, the Northern Liberties and Southwark, as contain any matters, capable by putrefaction, of producing the difeafe, and to have them removed. 2. " We earneftly recommend the frequent wafhing of all impure parts of the city in warm and dry weather, by means of the pumps, until the water of the river Schuylkill can be made to we.ih all the ftreets of the city : a meafure which we conceive promifes to our citizen;, the moft durable exemp- tion from bilious fevers of all kinds, of domeftic origin. 3. " To guard again!t the frequent fource of yellow fever from the ncxious air -in the holds of veffels, we recommend the unlading fuch veffels, as contain cargoes liable to putre- faction, and the difcharging the ballaft of all veffels at a dif- tance from the city, during the months of June, July, Au- guft, September and October. To prevent the generation of noxious '.:ir in the holds of veffels, we conceive every ver- fd fliould be obliged, by law, to carry and ufe a ventilator, and APPENDIX. xxiri we recommend in a particular manner, the one lately invent- ed by Mr. Benjamin Wynkoop. We believe this invention, to be one of the moft important and ufeful that has been made in modern times, and that it is calculated to prevent: not only the decay of fhips and cargoes, but a very frequent fource of peitilential difeafes of all kinds in commercial ci- ties." 4. The filling up, or cleaning the docks in fuch a manner, that.no matters, capable of putrefaction, flialf be expofed to the rays of the fun at low water. 5. The clofing the common fewers, fo as to admit water only, and the daily removal of the filth of the city, deftined to flow into them, by means of covered carts 99% 51 ---------- 92>943 47 Total amount expended by the feveral inftitutions. 85,973 71 Balance in the hands of the treafurer of the Marine and City Hofpitals Dollars 6,969 76 Note. The above balance is on account of the Marine and xxx- APPENDIX. City Hofpitals. This fum, however, will be inadequate to the difcharge of the debts now due by the faid inftitutions. Number of perfons relieved, viz. At the City Hofpital, 879 By the phyficians appointed by the Board of Managers of the Marine and City Hofpitals to attend the poor of the City and Liberties, about 3000 A,1 the tents on Schuylkill and the vicinity thereof, 1950 At the encampment on Matters' place and its vicinity, 2024 By the Committee for diftributing relief in the city and liberties, about 3500 Total 11,3*53 Exclufive of the above expenditures and numbers of perfons relieved, the guardians of the poor have incurred a very great and extraordinary expence for the relief of orphans and per* fons diftreffed by the calamity. 5th. The poor will, doubtlefs, require extraodinary aid from the legiflature the enfuing winter, in confequence of the fufpenfion of labour during the prevalence of the difeafe, the extraordinary cxpenfes incurred by ficknefs, or removal from the city, and, in all probability, a fhort interval from the re- turn of the citizens to the doling of the navigation for the ex- ercife of induftry. 6th. No queftion can be more interefting, none more en- titled to ferious confideration, than that which fhall deter- mine the precautions to be adopted, in order to prevent the recurrence of a calamity fo deltrudtive. Accordingly, we find our fellow citizens generally engaged in the contempla- tion and difcuffion of the fubjedt. Whatever difference of opinion may exift as to its origin, all appear to agree in the general fyftem of police neceffary to guard againft its introduction in future. The idea of reforting to the legiflature of the union, for an adt to interdict the commerce from the Mediterranean and Weft-Indies, during the fummer months, appears to be general, and if attainable, would certainly be moft dcfirable, at leaft until fome effectual fyftem fhall be divifed and com- pletely ready for execution. The great diverfity of fentiment which appears to prevail in die different ftates, relative to the origin of the difeafe, toge- ther with the powerful influence of commercial intereft and rivaifhip, may create infurmountable obftacles to the attain." ment of an efficient law from the general government APPENDIX. XXXI Under thefe circumftances, we think it will be prudent to perfevere with energy in an application to the ftate legiflature, for effectual quarantine and health laws, with liberal endow- ments for the fupport of the feveral inftitutions. It may here be proper to obferve that a well digefted quarantine law of this ftate will be neceffary (even in the event of a law of the general government) to provide for the eafc of veflels which -may enter our port from ftrefs of weather, or other cafualty •during the period of interdiction. Wc take the liberty of fuggefting the propriety of an ap- plication to the governments of the ftates of Delaware and New-Jerfey for their co-operation. The principles of com- mon intereft and felf-prefervation, and their participation in the late calamity, muft dictate to them the neceffity of fuch a coalition. A quarantine law to be effectual fhould make provifion for the following objects. An infular fituation, remote from the city, mould be fe- ledted, if practicable, for the place of quarantine ; if none fuch can be obtained, forty or fifty acres on fome convenient part of the Delaware fhore fhould be fecured by a high and ftrong enclofure—wharves, ware houfes, and other fuitable buildings fhould be erected for the reception and purification of cargoes and accommodation of perfons. All veffels from the Mediterranean and Weft-Indies, from the firft of June to the firft October, fliould there difcharge their cargoes, which, together with the veffels, fhould be thoroughly purified, and perform a quarantine of at leaft 20 days. Guards fhould be conftantly ported at all the avenues, and guard boats ftationed around the fleet. The law fhould provide for the prohibition of intercourfe by land or water with fuch of our filler ftates as may not a- dopt efficient quarantine laws ; and interdict all communi- cation with infected places. Having defignated thofe general regulations, which we conceive are beft adapted to guard againft the importation of difeafe, we fhall take the liberty of adverting to meafures, which appear to us no lefs neceffary to the health and prof- pcrity of our city. If the domeftic origin of the difeafe is denied, yet it muft be allowed that local caufes have a potent effect in its diffufion, and encreafing its malignity ; of this, fatal experience has furnifhed an irrefragable proof in the exceffive mortality, and number of the difeafedj in particular parts of the city and li- berties. xxxii APPENDIX. We believe that thefe dreadful confequences would be greatly mitigated, if not wholly averted, by a judicious refor- mation in the police of the city and liberties. The introduction of wholefome running water for domeftic purpofes, and for wafhing the ftreets, and common fewers, is in our judgment, an object of primary importance ; the cleanfing of all the docks to a depth below the level of low water mark, a ftrict attention to the removal of all filth and putrifying fubftances, and correcting the noxious effluvia from the privies in the commencement of the hot feafon, would, we conceive, be productive of the happiell effects. The great attention which has been paid to the cleanfing of the beft improved parts of our city, and the obvious ne- glect of remote and confined fituations, has long been a fub- • jedt of ferious complaint. Any work, however great, will be but partial whilft the ftagnant pools, and filth of the narrow lanes, alleys and yards., in the extremities of the city, and particularly in the diftridts of Southwark and the Nothern Liberties/are fuffered to exift. We beg Leave to call your attention to a fubjedt which we confider as deeply interefting. The eftablifhment of a City Hofpital upon an enlarged plan, permanently provided with every thing neceffary for the comfort and relief of the fick, and fkilful profeffors, nurfes, &c. provifienally engaged in the event of a recur- rence of the difeafe, would excite public confidence, and greatly diminifh the evils cf the calamity. The fituation of the prefent City Hifpital, we confider as highly improper for the purpofe, from its contiguity to the marfhes of the Schuylkill. The lots and improvements thereon, if fold, would, probably prcduce a fum equivalent to the purchafe of an elevated fituation, and the completion of buildings bet- ter adapted to the purpofe. We have been led into unavoidable prolixity from the mag- nitude of the fubjedt, and a with to contribute the refult of our experience and obfervations. Should they produce, in any degree, the defired effect, it will alleviate the recollection of thofe painful fcenes which it was our lot to witnefs, and cur duty to relieve. By order of the Board of Managers of the Marine and ( ity Hofpitals. WILLIAM JONES, Prefident. Atteft, TIMOTHY PAXSON, Clerk. Thomas Mifflin, Efq. Governor of 'the ~) Commonwealth of Pennfylvania. § NAMES of the PERSONS WHO DIED IN PHILADELPHIA, And the neighbourhood, from the \fl of Augv.fi, to the ifi of November, 1798. . ARRANGED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER. Carefully coUeaed from the records..of Clergymen, Clerk's, Sextons, &c. A. Aaronfiter Matthias, Oft. 31. Abbitch Andreas, Ott. 8. Abbot Abel, Sep. 4. Abbot juley, ditto 13. Abbot Frederick, ditto 16. Abbot George, ditto b6. Abbot George, ditto 29. Abbot George, Sep 5. Abel Daniel, his daughter, Oa. 26. Abington Jane, Aug. 9.6. Abraham Mrs. her child, Sep. 2. Ackley Mordecai, Oct. 19- Adams [ofeph, his child, Aug. 14. Ad-ams John, Sep. 4. Adams John, Aug 30. — .. Ad'ains Sufanv Sep. .5. Adams Mrs. Sep. 15. — Adams John, September 24 Adams Mrs. Sept. 24 Adams widow, Sep 13. Ditto her daughter, Sep. 18. Addifon thomas; Sep 4- Afin Charles, Seo 12. A'^ew Felix, Oa. 28. Aikins Lawrence, Sep. 23. Aikins Mrs- ditto z6- Aikin Benjamin, Oct. 7- Albcrger Philip* Sep. Alberger Chriftina,; Oa. Albright John, his child, Sep. 17. Alexander Charles, Sep 8. Alexander Jofeph, Sep. 16. Alexander Samuel, Aug. 12. Aline Viftoire, Se,p. 29. Aoskin Robert, Sep. 13 Allanfon Elizabeth, Sep. 7. Allardice Saraifel, A113. »">• Allen Margaret, wife of John, Oa. 10; Allen Margaret. Oa. 10. Allen Chamlefs, his wife. Aug. m. A (-::■ A <- - ■■. German Lutheran- ditto. • Friends. Trinity.' dittc> ' ditto ditto City Hofpital.' St. Peter's, City HoTpital. Methodifis. Friends. German Lutheran. City Hofpital. vde«- William, ditto 5. City Hofpital. Bower Philip, ditto 7. , ditto. B.'-ver Jofeph, Aug. 12. Kenfington. Bower William, Sept. 5. City Hofpital. Bnver Margaret, Oa. 14. Kenhngton. Bower Mr. his friend, a Frenchlady, Aug. 15. ditto. B..-'ers Paul, his wife, Oa. 1. City Hofpital. Bowers P.ter, Sep. 11. . dltto- Bowker John, his child, Aug. 15. Kenhngton. Boyd Catherine, daughter of John Boyd. Sept. 1. St. Peter's. B- yd Samuel. Sept. 5. 2fK P^^ytenan. B-yd Ann, ditto 27. „. ^^^7 ?' Boyle John, Aug. 12. City Hofpital. Boyer Elizabeth, Oa. 4. ^.Ke£fi?.g.t0!!- Boyle Biddy. Aug. 17. City Hofpital. Boyle John, Sept 19. c,.itt0- Boyle John, ditto 20. (;'"°; B.^y'e Ann, Nov. 1. *}• ™.1, ,. Boyle Fdward, Oct. 31. St. Mary s. Boylton George, Sept. 3. Cty Hofpuul, (B) LIST OF DEATHS. Braden George, Aug. 28. Bradley Andrew, his child, Sept. 27. Bradley James, bept. 8. Bradley, Andrew, Oa. 3. Bradley Neal, Oft. 10. Brady widow, Sept. 22. Brady widow, ditto 27. Brady Henry, his child, Oft. 14. Brady James, Sept. 2. Brady John, ditto 1. Braugers Clelman, ditto 27. Branner Elizabeth, ditto 22. Branner George, his daughter, Oft. 4' Bray William, Sept. 10. Bredan Henry, ditto 1. Braun widow, Oft. Breintnal Jane, Sept. 3. Breifh John, his child, Aug. 14. Bfeifli Widow, her daughter, ditto 17. Breneman, Chriftian. Oct. 1. Brennan Edward, Sept. 21. Brennan William, ditto 29. Brenner George, his daughter, Oft. 27. Brenner Peter, Oft. 18. Brereton James, Sept. 25. Brewfter Samuel, Aug. 29. Brightwell Benjamin, Sept. 15. Brightwell widow, Oa. 7. Ditta her daughter, Nov. 4, Brimmer Mr. Oft. 1. Bringhurft William, Oft. 17. Bringhurft William, his fon-in-law, Sept. Bnffington Sarah, Sept. 5. Broadhead Jemima, Sept. 23. Brobet, fon of Mr. Sept. 24. Brooks John, Aug. 27. Brooks Thomas, Sept. 28. Broom Thomas, his child, Sept. 98. Broom Thomas, ditto Oft. 8. Broomfield Elijah, his child, Sept. j. Brozy Catherine, Sept. 2. Brown William, ditto 29. Browa Samuel, Aug. 28. Brown Jofeph, his child, Aug. 26. Brown Thomas, his child, Aug. $> Brown Mrs. Sept- 17. Brown Francis, Aug. 29. Brown Charles, Sept. 6. Brown Mr. his child,. Oft. 29. Brown Mary, Sept. 24. Brown John, child, Oft. 4. Brown Elizabeth, Aug. 28. Brown Rachel, her mother, Aug. 1, Srown Ludwick, Sept. 13. Swedes. CityHofpital. ditto. ditto. Kenfington. ditto. ditto. City Hofpital. ditto. ditto. Friends. ditto. City Hofpital. ditto. German Reformed. Friends. German Lutheran. ditto. City Hofpital. St. Mary's. ditto. Friend's. City Hofpital. ditto. St. Peter's. Kenfington. ditto. ditto. City Hofpital. Bap tills. 27. ditto. City Hofp.tal. ditto. ditto. 3d Prefbyterian. Friend's. St Pauls. ditto. Kenfington. City Hcfj:ital. Chrift Church. Friends. Kenfington. ad Prefbyterian. ditto. Trinity. City Hofpital. ift Prefbyterian. St. Mary's. ditto. Swedes- Methodifrs. German Lutheran* LIST OF DEATHS. (B) Brown John, his wife. Oft. 10. Brown John, his child, Oft. 12. Brown Thomas, Sept 14. Brown Sufannah, Sept. 15. Brown Henry, Sept. 26. Brown Catherine, Oft. 3. Brown Benjamin, ditto 30. Brown Jacob, Aug. 27. Brown Ifaac, ditto 26. Brown Peter, Sept. 7. Brown Lawrerce, Oft. 11. Brown William, ditto 14-. Bryan Sarah, Sept. 6. Bruce John, his wife, ditto 15. Bruce John, ditto 19. Bryan Mealy, Aug. 27. Brunot Felix, his child, ditto 29. Bryfon.Mary, daughter of James, Sept. 20. Bubroon, Mr. his wife, Aug. 21. Bucher Jacob, his fon, Sept. 2. Bucher Jacob, his child, ditto 30. Bucher Jncob, Oa. 2. Bucher Mary, ditto 9. Bucker Richard, Sept. 17. Buckley Samuel, Aug. 27. Buckley Ifaac, his chiid, Sept. 34. Buckley Ifaac, his daughter, oa. 2.. Bull Jacob, Aug. 25. BufFum James, Oa. t. Bullay Ifabella, child of Andreas, Sept. 24. Butlburger Henry, ditto 27. Bulleaux John, ditto 2. Bulieaux Mary, ditto 2. Blinker Elizabeth, Oa. 1. Buntin John, his child, Aug. 4. Burk, Auguftus Loir, ditto 23. Burk Edward, his wife, Oft. 9. Burk Eleanor, ditto 13. Burkhard John, ditto 10. Burling John, his child, Sept. 10. Burn Thomas, ditto 26. Burns Paul, his fon, Oa. 2. Burns George, his child, ditto 10. Burns Hannah, Sept. 8. Burns Mary, Nov. 1. Burnfide Mr. Sept. 15. Bufch, widow, Oa. 11. Bufby Sarah, Sept. 22. Bufii Hannah, wife of William, ditto 30. ButhAnn, ditto 30 Bufher Daniel, his child, ditto 27. Bufher John, Oa. 3. Butcher John, fon of Job, Sept. 10. Butcher David, Oft, 7. Butler James, Sept. 18. Butler. Daniel, his child, ditto »7< City Hofpital. ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto dit:> German Lutheran. Chrift Church. German Lutheran. ditto ditto ditto City Hofpital. ditto ditto Chrift Church. ditto City Hofpital. ditto St. Mary's. City Hofpital. ditto ditto ditto Friends. City Hofpital. ditto ditto ditto Trinity. St. Mary's. gel Prefbyterian. St. Thornai's. Swedes. City Hofpital. 3d P:efbyrerian. G?nnan Lutheran. City Hofpital. St. Thomas's*. City Hofpital. Kenfington. City Hofpital. Friends. City Hofpital, Keafington. ditto { C ) LIST OF DEATHS. Buyer William, a child, Aug. 21. Byrne, Mrs. Rofe, Sept. 14. c. Cabe Mrs. her child, Sept. 24. Cahile Eleanor, Aug. 16. Cain James, Sept. 22. Cairns Patrick, Aug. 29. Caldwell John, Sept. 11. Caldwell Charles, ditto n. Caldwell Samuel, ditto 8. Calhoon Hetty, ditto ao. Call Edward, fon of John, ditto 21, Call John, his daughter, ditto 3©. Callaghan Edward, Aug. 29. Callender Fanny, Oft. 11. Callier Mary, Sept. 24. Call Mary, ditto 9. Cameron John, his child, ditto 9. Cameron Dongal, ditto 2. Camp Robert, ditto 7. Campbell Mrs. Aug. 24. Campbell, Mr. joiner, ditto 28. Campbell John, Sept. 25- Campbell John, fexton, ditto 15. Campbell Elizabeth, ditto 27. Campbell Sarah, ditto 19. Campbell Margaret, ditto t8. Campbell Jane, ditto 20. Campbell William, Aug 28. Camphoufe Hannah, Sept. 14. Canady Mary, Aug. 31. Canning Rachel, Sept. 15. Cannon Hugh, Oa. 1. Cappavel Mrs. Sept. 19. Capper Michael, ditto 21. Carban Daniel, his fon ditto 30. Carberry Daniel, Oa. 5. Carberry Ifahella,ditto 12. Carberry Philip, ditto 1. Carberry Ifabella, ditto 9. Carey Nathaniel* Aug. 29. Carey Mary, daughter ofCharles, Oa. 4. Carefoot Maria, Sept. 28. Carger Henry, ditto 23. Carigar Deborah, Oa. 6. Garner Elizabeth, Sept. go. Carney Jane, Aug. 20. Carpenter William, Sept. 16. Carfon Elizabeth, ditto 14; Carper John, ditto .5, Carper John, ditto 20. Carr James, ditto 15. Carr Alexander, ditto ,24. CaiT.Bernard, ditto 5., City Hofpital. St. Mary's; City Hofpital. ditto ditto ditto German Lutheran. ditto City Hofpital. ditto Swedes. City Hofpital. ditto ditto ditto ditto 3d Prefbyterian. Friends. Kenfington. City Hofp'uak 3d Prefbyterian. City HofpitaL Methodifts. City Hofpital. ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto Kenfington. Swedes. City Hofpital. ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto Friends'. City Hofpital. ditto ditto ditto ditto Friends'. City Hofpital. ditto ditto ditto 3d Prefbyterian. St. Mary's* LIST OF DEATHS: fcarragher Philip, a child, Oa. 6. "Carrel 1 John, Aug. &6. Can-ell Paul, Sept. 21. Carroll Rebecca, her child, ditto-30. Carfon Elizabeth, ditto 14. "Cart Mary, ditto 22. Carter Sarah, ditto 2. Carter John, his child, Aug. go. Carter Jacob, Oft. 1. Carter Mifs, Aug. 27. Carter James, Sept. 25. Cafh Cynthia, widow, ditto 12, Cafler Jacob, September 30 Caffidy Patrick, printer, ditto 13. Caflidy Widow, ditto iq. Caffidy Charles, Oa. 10. Caflidy Edward, Aug. 13. Caffidy John, ditto 19. Cafteline Anthony, Sept. 27. Cat Polly, ditto 23, Catherine Ketty, Oa. 10. Catherine Charles, ditto 12. Gathers William, Aug. 4. Caufey William, his child, ditto 17. Cavenough Hugh, September 27 Cauley George, ditto 7 Chace John, a child, Auguft 10 Chaloner Samuel, clerk Bank U. S. Sept. 17 Chambers Ann, ditto 7 Chambers William, a child, Auguft 2t Chambers William, his child, September 26 Chandler Rachel, Oaober 5 Charlton Daniel, ditto 3 Chat Claudius, Auguft 22 Chafe Edward, November 5 Chateaudun, an infant, September 24 Chatham Jofeph, aged 87 years, October 4 Chatham John, his child, September 28 Cheefeman Benjamin, ditto 7 Cherry James, ditto 18 Chefnut Margaret, ditto 15 Chefson John, ditto 26 Chefson Adam, Oaober 5 Chefter Samuel, his wife, September 19 Chin Peter, September 15 Chivenes John, ditto 5 Chriffey William, ditto 24 Chrifter Catherine, ditto 30 Chriftie Alexander, painter, ditto 14 Chriflie James, Oa©ber 7 Chriftie William, September 23 Chrifty William, his child, ditto 3 Chrifty George, his wife, Oaober 1 Chriftman William, his two children, ditto 18 Kiriftmctn John, his wife, September zi ( C) St. Mary's. iu Prefbyterian. St. Marf s. German Lutheran. City Hofpital. ditto ditto Kenfington. City Hofpital. ditto ditto Chrift Church. ditto St. Mary's, Swedes. CityHofpitaL ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto St. Paul's. .3d Prefbyterian. City Hofpital ditto St. Thomas's Chrift Church City Hofpital St. Mary's Kenfington City Hofpital Methodilis City Hofpital ditto St. Mary's Friends City Hofpital Friends City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto Kfcnfington City Hofpital Baptift? City Flofpital ditto ill Prefbyterian German Lutheran .City Hofpital St. Paul's ditto Trinity jSvedt* (C) LIST OF DEATHS. Church Mary, September 4 Churchman Mary, ditto 8 Cimfey Ph6ebe, ditto 11 Clark Deborah, Auguft ^9 Clark Mofes, September 3 Clark William, ditto 7 Clark Jofeph, ditto 22 Clark Mrs. ditto 22 Clark John, ditto 29 Clark Bathfheba, ditto 23 Clark Thomas, fon of Jofeph, Auguft 27 Clark Jofeph, September 21 Clark Thomas, fon of Jofeph, ditto Clark Cornelius, Auguft 25 Clark Joel, September 23 Clark Thomas, his fon, Auguft 21 Clark Mr. September 29 CUrk John, ditto 23 Clark William, ditto 7 Cjaypoole Daniel, ditto 2 Clarkham John, ditto 8 Claufer widow, Oftober 16 CUrkfon Mary, Auguft 30 Claufer Jacob, bis wife, Oaober 2 Claufer Jacob, his child, ditto 10 Cfendening Robert, ditto 9 Cline Peter, Auguft 30 Clifton William, September 16 Clifton Elizabeth, ditto 10 Clinton Ann, ditto 1 Cloufe William, ditto 25 Cline Sufannah, oaober 4 Clymcr John, ditto 17 Cline Chriftiana, September 3 Coal William, ditto 17 Coan Sarah, November 10 Coates Abraham, his child, September 8 Coates Thomas, Oaober 12 Coates William, ditto 12 Cobbs Rebecca, Auguft 19 Cockburn Mrs. wife of Philip, Aug. 26 Cockburn Philip, Auguft 18 Ditto, his child, ditto 26 Cochran, John, September 27 Cochler George, ditto 15 Coffin Catherine, daughter of capt. Aug. Cole Maria, September 8 Cole Richard, ditto 3 Cole Robert, ditto 16 Cole Jofeph, ditto 19 Cole Andrew, his wife, ditto 2 LIST OF DEATHS. Coweu George, Auguft 31 Cov.perthwaite Mr. September 21 Cowperthwiite Mr. his widow, ditto 22 Ccyle Michael, Oaoberii- Coyle Philip, September it Coward James, ditto 2 Cox Widow, ditto 28 Cox Sarah, Oftober 2 • Cox Mofes, Auguft 8 Cox Gabriel, September 28 Cox William, a child, Oftober 19 Craig John, Auguft 15 Cnig Comfort, ditto .28 Craig James, ditto 20 Craig George, September 3 Craig George, his wife, Auguft 3. Cramp Catherine, September ci Cramplhire John, ditto 26 Crea Mrs. ditto 6 Crea Mary, ditto 23 Cream-on John, ditto 14 Cremer Mr. Oftober 11 Creneman Elizabeth, September 23 Creffon, fon of widow, ditto 2 t Crew Ann, dittof 10 Crippin Mr*. Mary, ditto 4 Crippin Betfey, " ditto 10. Crifpin Michael, his child, Auguft 14 Croker John,, September 26 Crornley Thomas, Auguft 16 Cromwell John, his wife, Oftober 5. Orofell Martha, her child, Auguft 4 Crofs Mr. his (on, 14 years, October Croton Betfey, Oftober 1 Crow John, Auguft 27 Crowden Mary, September ic Croweli Rachel, ditto 29 Crozier Mifs, Auguft 27 Cummings Jofeph, September 2 Cummings Thomas, his child, ditto £• Cummings Jofeph, ditto 2 Cunningham Peter, Auguft 31 Cunningham John, September 1 Cunningham Ann, Auguft 26 Cunningham Ajiu, Septembers Cunningham Jane, ditto 3 Cunningham Thomas, ditto 8 Cunningham Robert, ditto 8 Curgees Mr. his daughter, ditto 23 Curlett Thomas, his fou, ditto 22 Currie Johu, dirto 20 Currie Sufan, .Auguft 28 Curtis Elizabeth, September 4 Curtis Jofeph, his fun, Oaober 3 Curtis «iary, Sept-eiijber 27 City Hofpital St. Peter'V, ditto. City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital St. Paul's City Hofpital Friend* City Hofpital ditto. ditto. ditto. St. Peter's Methodifts ditto. Kenfington City Hofpital ditto. ditto. ditto. Swedes City Plofpital Friends- City Hofpital St. Peter's City Hofpital Kenfington City Hofpital German Lutheran St. Paul's Kenfington Uniyerfalifts- City Hofpital ditto Chrift Church 2d Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto Friend* ditto City Hofpital ditto 2d Prefbyterian. ift Prefbyterian Chrift Church Affociate City Hofpital 3d Prefbyterian St. Peter's. German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto St. Thomas's St. Mary's. LIST OF DEATHS. (CD) Cufiiing John, September 4 Culhing Samuel, ditto 27 Cuffell Jane, Oaober 7 Cuffitjane, ditto 6 Cuftis Abigail, ditto 20 Cuthbert Robert, fon of Anthony, Oaober 7 D City Hofpital 2d Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto St. Thomas's St. Peter's Daily John, Oftober 10 Dally Catherine, September 7 Dally Gifford, Auguft 29 Daudfler------, ditto 26 Dane Mrs. ditto 25 Dane George ditto 16 Danly Charles, a child, ditto 17 Dannaker Samuel, September 22 Darnley Mr. 47, Penn ft. ditto 11 Dartnell Thomas, fon of Thomas, Auguft 14 Dartnell Thomas, fhoemaker, September 12 Daftinjohn, ditto 25 Dauterman Jacob, his child, Auguft 3 Davidfon Ann, September 20 Davidfon Margaret, ditto 7 Davidfon Ann, ditto 4 Davie Adam, Oftober 9 Davie Adam, his child, ditto 4 Davis Jane, November 2 ©avis John, September 10 Davis Mary, ditto 19 Davis Margaret, ditto 17 Davis Abner, Oftober 12 Davis Mary, ditto 2 Davis John, Auguft 24 Davis Margaret, September 5 Davis Stephen, Auguft 11 Davis Sarah, Oftober 9 Dawns William, September 24 Dawfon George Henry, Auguft 3 Dawfon Charlotte, September 17 Day Thomas, Auguft 26 Day John, September 5 Deads Sarah, ditto 14 Deal John, Oftober 1 Deal John, his daughter, Deal James, November 3 Deal William, Auguft 21 Deal George, a child, September i Death Jacob, his wife, ditto 11 Death Jacob, his child, ditto 26 Debafkewill Thomas, ditto 2 De Berey Jofeph, his wife, ditto 4 Deccfter Chriftiajia, ditto 8 Deeden Jacob, ditto 3 City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto St. Mary's German Lutheran City Hofpital St. Peter's ditto City Hofpital German Lutheran St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto Affociate ditto Methodifts City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto St. Pfiter's City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto German Reformed City Hofpital ditto ditto Kenfington ditto Baptift St. Mary's Trinity Cfcy Hofpital ( D ) LIST OF DEATHS. Deemer Lewis, his daughter, Auguft 28 Deevor Conrad, his child, September 29 Dehart Samuel, Oaober 27 Deihl Maria, ditto Deii William, Auguft 21 Deil John, September Deimting Francis, his child, Auguft 5 Dekerieth John, September 23 Delamar Margaret, Auguft 10 Delau Barbara, Oftober 1 Delavujane, ditto 10 Demer Rachel, September 11 Demer Mary, ditto 16 DemifsAnn, ditto 12 Demot Charlotte ditto 15 Demont Catherine, a child, ditto i% Denickfon Jofeph, Auguft 30 Denning Mary, September 29 Denning Patrick, Auguft 15 Dennia John, Auguft 21 Dennis Augustus, ditto 30 Dennis Dolly, Oftober 20 Dennis John, his child, ditto^ Denny George, Auguft 31 Denny Daniel, his fon, September go Denny William, ditto 9 Denny Dennis,'Auguft 31 DerkinWidow, September 11 Derrickfon William Auguft 25 Dermot Elizabeth, September 1 Derres George ditto 11 Defey Charles, Oftober 10 Dexette Patrick, Auguft 25 Deykman Peter, September 20 Diamond Mary, September 9 Dezay Philip, his child, ditto 19 Diamond Conrad, ditto 27 Dibert Philip, Auguft 18 Diamond Widow, November 8 Dickfon Sarah, Auguft 29 Dickfon Samuel, ditto 21 Dick Ann, September 12 Dickfon Catherine, ditto 28 Dice, 45 fouth Water-ftreet, ditto 19 Dick Mrs. M- Auguft 30 Ditto her daughter, September 8. Dickfon John, his child, Auguft 16 Dickens Elizabeth, September 26 Dickens Rev. Mr. John, ditto 27 Diel Peter, ditto 27 Diet John, his daughter, Oftober Dickfon Ann, Auguft 31 Dietmer Conrad, Oaober Diebrich Michael, his wife, ditto 4 Diebrich Miahael, Oftober 6 3d Prefbyterian German Lutheran City Hofpital German Reformed City Hofpital German Reformed ditto Lutheran City Hofpital St. Mary's German Lutheran Chrift Church City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto St. MaryT City Hofpital ditto ditto flitto ditto Kenfington ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto Kenfington City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital St. Mary's German Lutheran ditto City Hefpital German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto ditto t ditto ditto St. Peter's ditto Kenfington Methodifts ditto German Lutheran German Reformed City Hofpital German Reformed German Lutheran ditto LIST OF DEATHS. (D) Dietz Simon, his child, September 25 DietzMr. fchoolmafter, his wife, ditto 27 Dietz Frederick, ditto 24 Dietz Margaret, ditto 24 Digneron Charles, his wife, ditto 5 Dillman Ann, ditto 25 Dillon Ifabella, a child, ditto 29" Dillon Elizabeth, Auguft 5 Dillon Martha, ditto 13 Dinkle Catherine, ditto 24 Diver Patrick, ditto 14 Dixey William, September 14 Dixey William, ditto 18 Dobbins Mary, Oaober 15 Dobelbower J. Henry, at Wilmington Dobelbower Jacob, Oftober 2 Dobelbower Frederick, ditto 6 Dobfon John, ditto 16 Dogle John, September 25 Doll Mrs. ditto 9 Donahower Jacob, Oftober 3 Donald John, his child, September 2 Donaldfon Captain Nathaniel, Auguft 14 Doney Mrs. September 8 Doney John Gottleib, ditto 1 Donnaker Widow, ditto 9 Donnelly James, ditto^ Dorin William, Auguft 14 Dorffer Sufannah, Oftober Dorr Catherina, ditto Dorrnefs George, ditto 13 Dorfey Matthew, ditto 2 Dorfey William, ditto 1 Dorfey Dr. his two children, Auguft 25 Dougall Chriftina, September 18 Dougherty Mary, Auguft 14 Dougherty James, November 3 Dougherty Sarah, September 4 Dougherty Hugh, ditto 29 Dougherty Madge, ditto 7 Doughten Chriftian, Auguft 1 Douglas John, September 26 Douglas Elizabeth, November 1 Douglas William, September 30 Douglas Ann, ditto 7 Douglas Cooper, ditto 13 Douglas William, ditto Dowdifhell Barbara, ditto Dowell Elizabeth, ditto Dowlan James, ditto *7 1 »7 German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital St. Mary's ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto Friends ditto German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto German Lutheran Kenfington 2d Prefbyterian City Hofpital German Lutheran Kenfington City Hofpital ditto German Reformed ditto German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto St. Paul's City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto St. Mary's St. Peter's City Hofpital 3d Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto Kenfington City Hofpital St. Mary's St. Peter's Dowling Widow Elizabeth, Oaober 1 Dowling Elizabeth, daughter of John, Auguft 14 ditto Dox George, his child, ditto 28 German Lutheran Doyle Dennis, a child, ditto 13 St. Peter's Doyle George, September 17 City Hofpital D) LIST OF DEATHS. Draper Charles, September 23 Dring Silas, ditto 10 Droz Charlotte Humbert, 4 ye«rs, ditto zi Dry John, ditto 4 Dubois Mrs. ditto 27 Duce Mr. Coombes's Alley, ditto 15 Dudman Widow Mary, ditto 16 Duff Polly, ditto 20 Duff Dawfon, his child, Auguft 5 Duff Henry, September 30 Duffy Grace, Auguft 14 Duffy John, Oftober 26 Duffy Catherine, Auguft 28 Duffy Jane, September 17 Duffy John, ditto 30 Duffy Elizabeth, ditto 27 Dugall ChriiUna, ditto 18 Dugan Adam, Oftober 8 Dunbar Widow, ditto 21 Duncan Matthew, his wife, Auguft 26 Dunigar Catherine, Oftpber 8 Dnnlap John, September 24 Dunraan Catherine, Auguft 27 Dunn David, November 5 Dunn Nancy, September 20 Dunn Mary, Oftober 29 Dunn John, Auguft 19 Dunw'orth Catherine, ditto 24 Dupray Peter, September 8 Durang Mr. ditto 13 Durfenille Mr. his child, Oftober Durham James, September 3 Dufepia------, ditto 14 Duftiane Mrs. Auguft 30 Dutfon Widow, September 25 Dyer Amelia, ditto 2 Dyhart Prine, ditto 11 E. City Hofpitdl ditto Free Quakers City Hofpital ditto ditto Baptifts Methodifts St. Peter's City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto . St. Mary's ditto City Hofpital. ditto ditto Swedes Scots Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital ad Prefbyterian Coates's City Hofpital ditto Ealy Nelly, September 19 Eafby William, ditto 25 Eafby William, his widow, Oftober 2 Eafby John, ditto 16 Eafby John, his daughter, ditto 28 Kaftan Douglas, fon of David, Auguft 2 Eckert Georyj*, September 7 Eckert Ge6rge, his wife, ditto 16 Eckert Elizabeth, Auguft Eckert Catherine Oaober r Eckford Walter, September 2-2 Ederton Samuel, November 2 Edwards Rofannah, September Edwards Mary, Oftober 6 Ehman Anna Maria, ditto 2 jjj'i'.-cnzTllsr Hilary, fon cf Jacob, djtto 7 City Hofpital Bap tift ditto ditto ditto Chrift Church City Hofpital German Lutheran. ditto Reformed ditto City Hofpital. ditto Bethel Friend* City Hofpital ehrift ChVffc LISTOFDEATHS. (E) Ehrenzeller Jacob, his fon, September i6 Ehrenzeller Jacob, Oftober 27 Ehrhart Martin, Auguft 25 Ehrhart Michael, his child, September 4 Ehrman Rebecca, Oaober Elbele Jacob, September 15 Eldridge Jane, November Elfry Chriftina, Oaober Elhart Peter, his child, Auguft 24 Eliza, November 4 Elliot Robert, Oaober 20 Elliot Mrs. corner of Shippen & Crab-ftreet, Sept 21 Elliot Ann, ditto 9 Chrift Church ditto German Lutheran ditto German Reformed German Lutheran City Hofpital German Reformed Kenfington City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto Elliot Thomas, his child, November 9 Elliot Robert, September 18 Elliot William, Oaober 6 Elliot John, Auguft 13 Elliot John, ditto 29 Elkin Martha, wife of Augel, September 19 Ellis Hannah, September 13 Ellifon John, Auguft 28 Emerich Frederick, Oaober 17 Emerich Frederick, ditto 28 Emery Jabez, ditto 20 Emery Arthur, fon of Jabez, ditto 21 Emery Jabez, fon of Jabez, ditto 25 Emery Elizabeth, September 3 Enck, widow, ditto Enck Johannes, Oftober Ennifs Alexander, September 15 Ennifs Ann, achild, Auguft 31 German Lutheran ift Prefbyterian City Hofpital City Hofpital ditto Swedes Chrift Church City Hofpital German Lutheran ditto Moravians ditto ditto City Hofpital German Reformed ditto City Hofpital St. Mary's Ennifs Rev. Mr. Michael, paftor of St. Mary Chapel, ditto Erffer George, a child, Auguft Erlich George, his fon, September 27 Efher Frederick, his child, ditto 26 Efler John, Oftober 17 Efler Maria, September Efling Paul, ditto 21 Efferife John, ditto 20 Eter Adam, ditto 19 Etres George, his daughter, Auguft Etres Johannes, September Evans Margaret, Oftober 3 Evans George, September 11 Evans Jofeph, fon of Ifaac, Auguft 6 Evaus Margaret, her child, September 9, Evans Mrs. Oftober 12 Evans Margaret, wife of Jacob, September 26 Evans Ebenezer, Auguft 10 Evans Mary, September 2 Evans Elizabeth, ditto 3 Everhart George, ditto 30 Everhart John, his child, Auguft 22 Everhart, widow, Oftober 8 Everhart Martin, September 14 German Reformed German Lutheran ditto City Hofpitat German Reformed St. Mary's City Hofpital German Lutheran German Reformed ditto City Hofpital ditto St. Peter's Kenfington Coates's Moravians City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital 1/ (EF) LISTOFDEATHS. Everly Adairi, his child, Auguft 13 Everly Jacob, his child, September 15. Evilt Mary, AugUft 29 Ewalt J-icob, his child, Oftober 6 Ewing Mary, September 6 Ewing George, ditto 29 Ewing Mary, ditto 4 Eyler Catherine, ditto 9 Exly Helen, ditto 26 German Lutheran Kenfington City Hofpital German Lutheran 3d Prefbyterian 2d. Prefbyterian City Hofpital German Lutheran Kenfington Fabridge Peter, September 27 Fagundus Margaret, ditto 18 Fagundus John, ditto 5 Fairweather Alexander, Oftober 1 Falby John, fon of Timothy, September 19 Fallier Catherine, Oftober Fan Chriftian, his wife, September 30 Fanning Rachel, ditto 21 Farmer George, ditto 27 Farns Mofes, ditto 12 Farrady John, ditto 11 Farrell Diana, Oftober 12 Farrell Patrick, a child, September 12 Farrety Jofeph, ditto 10 Faulkner George, ditto 29 Faufinger David, ditto Faus Mr. ditto Fearon Mary, ditto 28 Fearon Richard, ditto 24 Feeds Cupit ditto 15 Fede ■ ditto Fegan John, Oftober 13 Feigs Mary, September 11 Fengey Mary, Oftober 3 Fennell Mrs. upholftrefs, Front-ftreet Featherbridge John, his wife, Atiguft 27 Ditto his daughter, ditto 28 Fenner, widow, September Fenno John, his wife, ditto 4 Ff nno John, his child, ditto 16 Fenno John, Printer, ditto 14 Fergufon James, his wife, ditto 10 Fergufon Ebenezer, his young man, ditto Fergufon James, ditto 13 Ferry Sarah, Auguft 28 Fethorn Jjhn, Oftober 12 Fetter James, his child, Auguft 27 Field James, September 18 Field Jofeph, ditto 19 Field Patrick, ditto 7 Fife, Elizabeth, ditto 3 Fight Henry, Oftober 13 City Hofpital ditto ditto Scots Prefbyterian Swedes German Reformed City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto German Reformed ditto St. Peters's City Hofpital ditto ditto St. Mary's Chrift Church Swedes Methadifts ditto German Reyormed 2d Prefbterian ditto ditto St. Paul's to 3d Prefbyterian Methodifts City Hofpital Trinity Kenfington City Hofpital St. Mary's ditto City Hofpital ditt* LIST OF DEATHS. (F) Fimpel Jacob, Oftober 18 Fink Major John, September 22 Finlay John, Auguft 23 Finny John, his child, September 11 Finny Thomas, ditto 20 Fifher Zachariah, ditto 10 Fifher Sebaftian, ditto 26 Fifher Mary, ditto 6 Fifher Elizabeth, ditto 7 Fifher Elizabeth, ditto 15 Fifher Thomas, fon of Miers, Auguft 19 Fifher Zachariah, his child, ditto 2a Fifler William, November 1 Fifs Peter, Oftober Fifter Mary, ditto 19 Fitzgerald Elizabeth, September 21 Fitzpatrick Edmund, Auguft 17 Flagg Jonathan, his child, ditto 20 Flanagan Mr. September 8 Flanagan Phoebe, wife of Stephen, Oftober Fleek Chriftopher, September 14 Fleming John, Auguft 18 Fleming Mrs. September 21 Fletcher Elizabeth, ditto 13 Fletcher Elizabeth, her child, ditto 27 Fletcher Mrs. her fon, Oftober 9 Flick George, ditto 16 Flick Widow, Auguft Flicker Elizabeth, Oftober 14 Flicker Michael, his wife, ditto 3 Flood Ezekiel, ditto 26 Flyhocker Henry, September 23 Fogie Mrs. ditto 28 Fogie, william, ditto 5 Fogle Mr. his child, Auguft 29 Fogie Jacob, Oftober 2 Fogle Jacob, his child, ditto 15 Fogle Albrecht, his child, ditto 13 Fogle Albrecht, his wife, ditto 14 Folier Ann, September 15 Folwell Samuel, his child, Auguft Fongey Mary, Oftober 3 FonfeyMrs. September 12 Ford Curtis James, Auguft 25 Ford Theophilus, ditto 31 Ford Mary, September 27 Fordham John, his wife, Oftober 12 Forrich Tobias, September 27 Forfberg Nicholas, ditto 5 Forthner Frederick, fon of widow, ditto Forthner Elizabeth, daughter of ditto, d Forthner George, fon of Nicholas, ditto Fofter Hannah, ditto 7 FoulkeMary, Auguft 25 Foulke George, September 30 ei German Lutheran Kenfington City Hofpital Kenfington City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto 'ditto Friends Kenfington City Hofpital German Reformed Kenfington City Hofpital ditto ad Prefbyterian City Hofpital St. Peters City Hofpital ditto ad Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto TJniverfalifts Kenfington German Reformed City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto Swedes German Lutheran ditto ditto ditto ditto City Hofpital German Reformed Swedes City Hofpital ditto ditto Chrift Church Kenfington Trinity Swedes St Mary's ditto ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto 22 itto 24 (FG) LIST OF DEATHS. Foulke George, Oftober i FoulkeAdara, Auguft 17 Fournier Mr. September 28 Fow Peter, ditto 30 Fowler Dennis, ditto 30 Fox Chriftian, his fon-in-law, ditto 29 Fox George, his child, Auguft 25 Fox Robert, his wife, September 7 Fox Robert, ditto 15 Foxall Agnes, wife of the Rev. Mr. Fox- all, Oftober 6 — — Foy Anna Maria, September 14 Foyfberry Nicholas, ditto 5 Foy James, ditto 12 France Jacob,, OQober 31 Francis Jacob, his wife, September 22 Francis Jacob, his daughter, ditto 24 Franck Henry, Oftober 24 Franck Chriftian, September Franklin Ann, ditto 24 Frafer Daniel, Auguft 30 Frafer Daniel, a child, September 23 Frafer David, ditto 30 Frafer Catherine, November 6 Frafer Ludwick, October 14 Fraunces Samuel M. ditto 25 Frederick John, fon of Jacob, fhoemaker, Sept. 26 Kenfington City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital Kenfington City Hofpital German Lutheran Kenfington 2d Prefbyterian ditto Methodifts German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto German Lutheran ditto ditto Kenfington German Reformed City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto German Lutheran City Hofpital Frederick George, ditto 21 Fredericks Mr. his wife, September 23 Freed Mrs. ditto 24 Freilh Mr. ditto 24 French Thomas, ditto 14 Frefhel John, ditto 19 Frey Jacob, his fon. ditto Freytag Catherine, Oftober Freytag, widow, November Freytag Peter, ditto Friend Daniel, September 14 Friefs, brother of Jacob, Oftober 25 Frieze Mr. his wife, ditto 30 Frinden Salome, September 23 Fritz William, his child, Auguft 30 Frompo Andrew, ditto 23 Frondez Mr. his wife, September 27 Fry Thomas, ditto 17 Fry Jacob, ditto 29 Fry burgh John, his child, ditto 6 Furchill Daniel, ditto 11 City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto German Reformed ditto ditto ditto City Hofpital Kenfington ditto Trinity Kenfington City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto German Lutheran City Hofpital G / Gallagher Edward, Oftober 6 (]jtv Hofpital Gallagher Ann, Auguft 6 it. Mary's Gallagher James, (porter) September c* ditto LISTOF DEATHS. (G) Gallagher Miles, Oftober 4 Gallagher Catherine, September 24 Gallagher Mary, ditto 20 Gallagher William, ditto 25 Gallagher Edward, Oftober 5' Gambas Sarah, September 14 Gamber Jacob, Oftober 27 Gamber Johannes, September Ganett Margaret, Auguft 29 Gano William, his fon, Oftober 13 Gardner William, his child, Auguft 6 Gardner Mr. his child, September 10 Gardner Mr. do. do. ditto 8 Gardner Mrs. ditto 23 Gardner John, his daughter, Auguft 9 Garlany Henry, Oftober 15 Garwood John, his child, ditto 30 Gafper John, his child, September 2 Gaul John, a child, Auguft Gaul Elizabeth, ditto 20 Gaynor Thomas, Oftober 6 Geitz Reinhart, September 22 Gemore Leonard, ditto 15 Genet John, Oftober 2 Gentry Robert, his fon, Auguft »5 Gentzler Baltzer, his wife, September 2j G-----John, Oftober 4 George John, ditto 10 George John, September 28 Germain Peter, Oftober 1 Getts Andrew, his child, Auguft 11 Geyer Chriftina, Oftober Gibbons George, September 25 GibbsAnn, Oftober-19 Gibbs Margaret, ditto 14 Gibfon William, September 6 Gilbert John, ditto 7 Gilbert John, Oftober 29 Gilbert John, Penrofe's wharf, September 7 Gilbertfon Mary, Auguft 31 Giles Ann, Oftober 17 Gilfry John, September 10 Gillam George, Oftober 4 Gillafpie Heury, September 3 Gillafpie Francis, ditto 1 Gillafpie James, ditto 22 Gillet John Ludwick, Auguft 25 Gillin John, ditto 14 Gilman Martin, September 14 Ginner Michael, Auguft 26 Girard Mary, September 23 Givin Margaret, ditto 5 Gloufe Elizabeth, Oftober 2 Glenn James, September 8 Goble Peter, ditto 27 City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto Kenfington ditto German Reformed City Hofpital sd Prefbyterian Kenfington St. Paul** ditto City Hofpital 2d Prefbyterian City Hofpital Swedes Kenfington German Reformed Trinity St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto ditto Kenfington German ■ ■ City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto German Lutheran German Reformed Friends City Hofpital ditto Chrift Church City Hofpital Friends City Hofpital ditto ditto Swedes. City Hofpital ditto ditto St. Mary's German Lutheran St. Peter's German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto Kenfinetca v (G) LIST OF DEATHS. Godfreid John, November 3 Goidfmith William, Oftober 11 Gontzar George, his wife, November 4 Goodwin Elizabeth, September 10 Goora Henry, Oftober 10 Gordon plicebe, September 28 Gordon Charles, his child, Auguft 19 Gordon James, September 4 Goffer Philip, his wife, ditto 30 Gofner Mr. ditto 12 Goft Tohn, Oftober 2t Gould David, Auguft 23 Goulden Eleanor, ditto 29 Goulding Jane, Oftober 8 Grace John, September 6 Grace Philip, ditto 14 Grace Lucy, November 4 Grace Jacob, his child, Oftober ?8 Grafar Madam, September 10 Grafort Alexander, a child, ditto Graham John, his child, ditto 19 Graham Daniel, Oftober 5 Grandfon Abraham, Auguft 14 Grant William, his child, September 29 Grant William, his child, Oftober 11 Grant Alexander, September 11 Grant James, Oftober 16 Grant Francis, September 17 Grattan Andrew, ditto 13 Grauel Johannes, his child, Auguft Grauel Johannes, his child, September Gravenftine widow, Oftober 3 Gray Jofeph, his child, September ig Gray Jofeph, his wife, ditto 25 Gray Samuel, his two children, ditto 27 Gray Nathaniel, his child, ditto 7 Gray Sarah, ditto 5 Gray----, Second, hear South-ftreet, ditto Gray Thomas, Auguft 16 Gray William, September 6 Greaves Robert, his wife, September 27 Greaves Robert, his wife, Oftober 11 Greaves Robert, his child, ditto 15 Green Mr. his wife, November 7 Green John, Auguft 1 Green Philip B. September 25 Green John, September 16 Green Anna, ditto 13 Green Anna, ditto 30 Green Catherine, ditto 8 Green Mary, ditto 20 Greenleaf William, ditto 28 Greig Charles, ditto 11 Grelanit Eleonora, ditto 10 Grenoldsjohn, ditto 30 German Lutheran City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital Kenfington City Hofpital Kenfinton City Hofpital Kenfington German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital German Lutheran St. Mary's German Reformed Swedes Kenfington City Hofpital German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto Chrift Church German Reformed ditto ditto Lutheran Friends ditto St. Paul's St. Thomas's City Hofpital eo ditto ditto ditto Swedes ditto ditto Kenfington Swedes German Lutheran' Kenfington German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital V LIST OF DEATHS. (G H) Grefton Carl, September 6 Griffiths Eleanor, ditto 29 Griffiths Elizabeth, Oftober 3 Griffiths Eliza N. ditto 3 Grimes James, September 10 Grimes Jofeph, fon of John, September 23 Grimes Patrick, ditto 11 Grimes Peter, ditto 14 Grifaom Rebecca, Auguft 21 Grifwold Elizabeth, Oftober 2 Grofs Frederick, September 16 GroufsJohn, his child, Oftober 21 Growth Elizabeth, ditto 17 Grubb Elizabeth, September 13 Grubb Elizabeth, ditto 25 GryGnburger Mr.hiswife, Oftober 17 Gryfon William, his wife, September 22 Gnesford George, Auguft 29 Guier Baltus, September 23 Gnnterman Chriftina, Oftober Gurling George, September 21 Guy Jane, November 6 Guy Richard, his niece, September •• Gwin David, ditto 15 Gwin Margaret, ditto 4 Gwinup George, ditto 9 Cwinne Michael, Auguft 26 H City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto St. Peter's City Hofpital ditto Friends * St. Mary's German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto German Lutheran ditto Reformed City Hofpital 3d Prefbyterian ditto St. Peter's City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital Hadfield Samuel, September 26 Haffner Andrew, ditto 27 Hagerty George, Auguft 12 Harm Jacob, September 20 Haines James, ditto 12 Hainey Margaret, ditto 1 § Halberftadt John, ditto 19 Hall Elizabeth, Oftober 13 Hall George, his child, Auguft 19 Hall Samuel, his child, Oftober 28 Hall Efther, Oftober 2 Hall William, Oftober 7 Halley John, September 30 Hamble Sarah, ditto 2a Hamilton James, Oftober 14 Hamilton Margaret, September 18 Hamilton Franks, Auguft 14 Hamilton Robert, September 26 Hamlain Hannah, Oftober 2 Hampftead Martin, September 1 Mainmet John, his child, Auguft 13 Hammond Henry, September 9 Hampton Mary, ditto 14 ^ Hampton John, November j City Hofpital Trinity City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto Kenfington §d Prefbyterian Gity Hofpital ditto St. Mary's 3d Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto Chrift Church City Hofpital St. Mary's St. Paul's Kenfington City Hofpital • ditto Swedes / (H) LIST OF DEATHS. Hance Jacob, Auguft 26 HaBcock John, grocer, September 27 Hancock Mary, Oftober 16 Handle Adam, ditto 20 Handy Mrs. September 26 Hannet Antonietta, Auguft 3 Hanlon Bridget, ditto 25 Hannah John, September 15 Hannah Edward, his child, Auguft 23 Hannah John, September 24 Hannah John, his daughter, Oftober 6 Hannah William, September Hans Mr. Auguft 26 Hanfey Mary, Oftober 13 Hanfon Henry, ditto 9 Hanfon Mary, ditto 31 Hantley Thomas, ditto 23 Harberger P'lilip, September 2 Harbefon jofeph, his fon, Auguft 5 Harden Elizabeth, September 30 Harden George, ditto 22 Hardie Thomas, Oftober 1 Hardie Chriftiana, ditto 13 Hardie, captian, his daughter, ditto-23 Hardie Alexander, his daughter, Auguft ! Harding Sarah, September 23 Harding Margaret, ditto 27 Hardwick John, Auguft 17 Harewfon Jacob, his fon, Oftober 22 Harewfon Jacob, his child, ditto 29 Harewfon Jacob, ditto 30 Harewfon Jacob, his wife, ditto 30 Harken Ludwick, September 15 Harken John, Oftober 23 Harken Edward ditto 24 Harken James, a child, September 9 Harkens Sarah, ditto 25 Harlen John, his wife, ditto 15 Harling Michael, Auguft 8 Harpeger Catherine, September 25 Harper Benjamin, Auguft 22 Harper Benjamin, his child, September 1; Harper Mrs. ditto 23 Harris Walter, Oftober 1 H arrifburgh James, Auguft ai Harrifon John, ditto 4 Hart Toney, ditto 9 Hart Charles, Oftober 1 Hart John, September 8 Hart John P. his child, Auguft 2. Hart Margaret, September 12, Hart William, Oftober 14 Hart Mary, ditto 19 Hartford John, September 4 Hartline John, ditto 2g 3d Prefbyterian Baptifts City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital Trinity St- Mary's City Hofpital 3d Prefbyterian ditto ditto German Reformed City Hofpital ditto St. Mary's City Hifpltal ditto ditto ad Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto ditto 3d Prefbyterian Scots Prefbyterian > Swedes Friends City Hofpital ditto Swedes ditto ditto ditto City Hofpital St. Mary's ditto ditto ditto Swedes City Hofpital St. Mary's Friends ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto St. Paul's City Hofpital ditto St. Mary's GermanLutheran ditto City Hofpital ditto Methodifls . City Hofpital LIST OF DEATHS. -(H) Hartung Daniel, Oftober Hartung Hannah, November Hartwick James, Auguft 16 Hartwick James, his fon, September 20 Harvie Samuel, Oftober 6 Haflett Frances, ditto 2 Haflavanger Widow, September 30 Haffner Jacob, his child, Auguft 25 Haflings John, Oftober 20 Hatchler Charles, Septemb&r 24 Hatfield Mary, Auguft 31 Hatfield Catherine, September 3 Haughey Paul, Auguft 28 Hauet Antonietta child, ditto 3 Hautzel John, November Hawkins Robert, Auguft 30 Hawkins Anna, ditto 28 Ha wood Mr. his child, ditto ro Haws Henry, his child, September 7 Hayes Anna, ditto 18 Hayes Jeremiah, Oftober 8 Hayes John, September 23 Haynes Jofeph, Oftober 3 Head Charlotte, September 2 Headliten Barnet, ditto 22 Heaman Jane, ditto 21 Heck Widow, November 4 Hefferman John, fon of John, Oftober 25 Heimberger Frederick, his child, Sept. 18 Heirs Pritz, Auguft 29 Heifemer Jacob, September 24 Heller Jofeph, ditto Heller, Widow, ditto Heller Mr. his daughter, ditfco Heller Frederick, ditto Heller Adam, ditto Heller Frederick, ditto 10 Hellot Mr. his fon, Oftober 31 German Reformed ditto 2d Prefbyterian ditto City Hofpital Methodifts German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital ditto Friends ditto City Hofpital Trinity German Lutheran City Hofpital German Lutheran Methodifts German Luther an City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto St. Mary's German Lutheran St. Peter's German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto German Reformed ditto ditto ditto ditto German Lutheran Univerfalifts Helm John, fon of Chriftian, September 30 Moravians Helm Johannes, Oftober German Reformed Heltz William, fon of Peter, September Heltz Johannes, ditto Hendel Abraham, apothecary, ditto Hendel Rev. Dr. William, Paftor of the Ger man Reformed Church, ditto Henderfon John, Auguft 26 Henry Mary, September 4 Henry John, Auguft 25 Henry John, Oftober 11 Henry John, his wife, Auguft 22 Henry John, his child, ditto 26 Henry James, his fon, September 27 Henry Mr. his child, ditto 13 Henry David, ditto 2 r Hmry George, his child, Oftober 1 ditto ditto ditto ditto City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto German Lutheran ditto ditto ift Prefbyterian St. Mary's Scots Prefbyterian U ( H ) LIST OF DEATHS. Henry George, Oftober 3 Henry George, his widow, ditto 9 Henry John, ditto 7 Henry David, September 2 Henzel Maria, Oftober Hepler Catherine, September 17 Herbeg Michael, ditto 11 Herbert Geo;ge, Auguft 28 Herbert Richard, September 3 He.nberger Juftina, Auguft Heron Lankford, his child, ditto 18 Heron James, his wife, Oftober 24 Hertzog Catherine, Oftober 11 Hertzog Chriftina, ditto 11 Herfchfelt Margaret, ditto 18 Hefler Andrew, September 21 Hefon Benjamin, Oftober 24 Hefs Charles, his wife, Auguft n Hetrick Mathew, his wife, September 21 Hetteman, Mr. his fon, ditto Hetteman John, his fon-in-law, ditto Hettlem John, his wife, ditto 3 Heydel George, his wife, Auguft 5 Heyfer Barbara, ditto 15 Hickey Jane, ditto 29 Hickey Mary, Oftober 2 Hickleys John, November 3 Hickman Ami, Oftober 27 Hickman Sarah, ditto 30 Hickman Catherine, September 22 Hickman John, Oftober 6 Hicks John, September 16 Hider William, a child, Oftober 8 Hierly John, ditto 18 Higgins Pres, his child, ditto 18 Higgins Mary, ditto 5- Hiley Elizabeth, September 15 Hill John, Auguft 31 Hill Richard, a black, September 6 Hil! John, his daughter, ditto 5 Hill Alice, ditto'27 Hill Adam, ditto 30 Hill Henry, ditto 16 Hill John, his fon, ditto 2 Hill Robert, ditto 7 Hill Margaret, widow of Robert, ditto 16 Hill George, his child, Auguft 23 Hill Sarah, September 22 Hillefton Robert, ditto 16 Hiliigas Henry, ditto 26 Hilter Elizabeth, ditto 29 Hilton Ann, Oftober 9 Hiltzheimer Jacob, September Himebach Mathias, ditto 17 Hinckle John, his child, Oftober'7 Scots Prefbyterian ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital German Reformed German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto ditto German Reformed German Lutheran ditto Trinity ditto City Hofpital St. Mary's German Lutheran ditto 3d Prefbyterian German Reformed ditto German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital Friends ditto ditto ditto ditto City Hofpital ditto Methodifts City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto Swedes City Hofpital ditto Friends ditto Scots Prefbyterian ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital ditt» Chrift Church City Hofpital ditto German Reformed German Lutheran ditt* LISTOFDEATHS. (H)' Hinckle John, his child, ditto 13 ' German Lutheran Hinckle John, his child, September 30 ditto Hinckle John, his wife, Oftober 20 ditto Hinckle Margaret, September 21 ditto Hinckle John, his child, Oftober 2 ditto Hochftetler John, Auguft 31 ditto Hocroft Elizabeth, Oftober 21 City Hofpital Hocroft Elizabeth, ditto 21 ditto Hocroft Frederick, November 3 ditto Hoff Chriftian, Oftober 10 ditto Hoffman James, his child, September 14 German Lutheran Hoffman John, a child, Oaober 3 City Hofpital Hoffman Margaret, ditto 13 German Lutheran Hoffman Grace, September 9 City Hofpital Hoffman Adam, his fon, ditto 20 St. Mary's Hoffner Jacob, Oftober 1 7 German Lutheran Hoffner Andrew, September 8 City Hofpital Hoglegnotz Simon, ditto 30 German Lutheran Hoglegnotz, widow, Oftober 18 ditto Holmes John, Auguft 18 City Hofpital Holmes Jofeph, September 10 ditto Holmes Jofiah, Oftober 31 ditto Hdlfey Samuel, September 8 ditto Holftein Elizabeth, Oftober 21 ditto Holfter John, September 21 ditto Holtine Alexander, his wife, ditto 24 German Lutheran Hokine Alexander, ditto 26 ditto Holwell Thomas, ditto 30 City Hofpital Homaffell Charles, his wife, Auguft 18 St. Peter's Homer John, September 15 City Hofpital Homaffell Charles, his fon, ditto 1 St. Peter's Hookerman Betfey, ditto 2 Kenfington Hopcard Lewis, ditto 6 City Hofpital Hopkins Charles, Auguft 4 Chrift Church Hopkins Philip, achild, ditto 1 St. Mary's Hopkins William, September 7 City Hofpital Hopkins Margaret, Oftober 4 ditto Hone Mr. Auguft 26 ditto Horman Ebenezer, a child, Oftober 19 ditto Horn Johannes, ditto German Reformed Horn William, ditto ditto Horn Benjamin, captain, ditto 22 City Hofpital Hortman Deitmak, September ao ditto Houghman Hambleton, ditto 5 ditto Houfe Jofeph, ditto 16 Kenungton Houfer John, ditto 18 German Luther-n Howard Jane, Oftober 14 City Ho.'pital Howell Agnes ditto 1 dltto Howell Joleph, Auguft 10 . Friends Hozey Rlioda, September 16 City Hofpital Horrifh Nicholas, ditto 25 dltto HuberJohn, his child, ditto 3 German Lutheran Huber Frederick, ditto 20 ^ '11.cto Hubert, South ftreet wharf, September r4 City Hofpital Hughes Mary, daughter of John, ditto 13 Swedes (HIJ) LIST OF DIAHS, Hughes Hannah, Oftober g Hughes Mary, September 25 Hughes captain, his child, Oftober 2 •Hughes John, September 6 Huil Peter, ditto Humphreys Molly, ditto 16 Hulmer George, ditto 7 Humphreys William, ditto 30 Humphreys Catherina, ditto 26 Hunt Henry, ditto 29 Hunt Eleanor, ditto 25 Hunte* Mrs. ditto 3 Hunter Margaret, Auguft 26 Hun Jacob, September 28 Huron John, Auguft 27 Hurfli Mary, ditto 24 Hunter Daniel, November 1 Hutz John, his child, September 13 Hutz John, November 3 Hutz John, his child, Auguft 22 Huxburgh Rebecca, Oftober 11 Hyde John, ditto 1 Hynes Elizabeth, September 27 Hynes Nicholas, Oftober 13 City Hofpital ditto 3d Prefbyterian City Hofpital German Reformed City Hofpital Kenfington ditto German Lutheran City Hofpital Free Quakers City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital Trinity City Hofpital ditto German Lutheran ditto ditto City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto- Innes James, colonel, Auguft 3 Innes John, September 11 Irwing David, his wife, Auguft 19 Irwing David, his fon, ditto 28 Irwing James, his wife, September 6 Irwine Catherine, September 14 Ifing Juliana, Oftober 10 Chrift Church City Hofpital St. Paul's ditto Swede* City Hofpital ditto Jackey, a negro, September 27 Jackfon Sarah, Anguft 25 Jackfon William, ditto 26 Jackfon Elizabeth, September 27 Jackfon, Auguft 25 Jacobs Catherine, September 9 Jacobs Nicholas, his daughter, Oftober 5 Jacobfon Matthias, ditto 31 James Mr. ditto 9 James Jofeph, ditto 10 * James John, ditto 12 James Rachel, ditto 28 Janies Rebecca, September 21 Jamiefon Elizabeth, Auguft 28 Jamiefon John, September 30 Jamiefon John, his child, ditto 24 Jamiefon Margaret, ditto 29 jtoai.tee 177 Raoe ftreet, ditto 7 City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto Friends City Hofpital ditto ditto ift Prefbyterian Chrift Church City Hofpital LIST OF DEATHS. (JK) January William, September 5 Jatricken Johannes, Oftobpr Jentzer Johannes, ditto Jeremiar Mary, September 24 Jetter Henry, ditto Jeffries Mary, Oftober 23 Jobfon Catherine, September 14 Joiner Lydia, ditto 10 Johns Thomas, ditto 11 Johns Richard, Auguft 26 Johnfon Alexander, iftober 4 Johnfton John, September 25 Johnfton Andrew, Oftober 27 Johnfton John, ditto 6 Johnfton Maria, November 19 Johnfton George, Auguft 3 Johnfton Robert, September 19 Johnfton Mrs. Oftober 15 Johnfton Culph, September 14 Johnfton--------, ditto n Johnfton Thomas, ditto 15 Johnfton Samuel, ditto 18 Johnfton Willian, October 11 Johnfton Ann, September 27 Johnfton Henry, ditto 27 Jones Mrs. Hannah, September 26 Jones Rebecca, ditto 23 Jones Ann, ditto 30 Jones Ifaac, his child, ditto 27 Tones Benjamin, his child, Oftober 1 Jones Catherine, ditto 19 Jones Johannes, a child, Auguft Jones Catherine, September Jones Sarah, November 1 Jones Margaret, September 7 Jones Margaret, ditto 9 Jones John, his wife, ditto 28 Jones Elizabeth, ditto 5 Jones Benjamin, ditto 27 Jones------Auguft 21 Jordan Sufannah, Oftober 18 Jourdan Mary, Auguft 21 Jordan W- C. September 27 Jofiah William, ditto 12 Juftice George, Oftober 5 Juftis Thomas, captain, Auguft 2 Juftis William, September 9 Juftis John, Oftober 4 Juftis Ann, ditto 21 Juling Henrietta, ditto 1 Juftis Rachel, ditto 14 K 2d Prefbyterian German Reformed ditto City Hofpital German Reformed City Hofpital ditto ditto St. Peters Friends City Hofpital ditto ditto Methodift City Hofpital Chrift Church ditto 2d Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto Swedes City Hofpital ditto Baptift Friends ditto German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital German Reformed ditto Friends City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto German Lutheran City Hofpital Swedes City Hofpital German Lutheran Friends ditto German Lutheran City Hofpital German Lutheran Friends Kscffer Mary, September 21 Kahl Chriftopher, his child, September 23 Trinity German Lutheran (K) LIST OF DEATHS. Kairnes Patrick, Auguft 28 Karhmar Sermen, September 18 Kammerer Mrs. ditto Kammerer Henry, jun. ditto 6 Kammerer Henry, his wife, ditto 3 Kane Eleanor, a child, ditto 25 Kane James, ditto 30 Katts Michael, ditto 25 Kaucher Mathew, ditto Kea Jane, ditto 13 Kean Ann, ditto 13 Kean Ann, ditto 30 Kean Mary, her child, ditto 18 Kean Jane, ditto 19 Kean Eilzabeth, ditto 25 Kean Mrs. her daughter, ditto 20 Keemer John, ditto 14 Keen Johannes, his wife, ditto Keefe William, ditto 16 Keith Thomas, ditto g Keith Thomas,'ditto 27 Keith Phebe, Oftober 3 Keith William, ditto 20 Keller Johannes, ditto Keller Adam, his fon, September 13 Keller Ludwick, ditto 22 Kellin John, Auguft 26 Kelly George, September 24 Kellin George, ditto 23 Kelly Jofiah, ditto 24 Kelfo Thomas, ditto 29 Ke fo Jofeph, ditto 20 Kemp William, ditto Kemp Alexander, Oaober 1 Kench Chriftian, September 16 Kennedy Jofeph, his daughter, Auguft 30 Kennedy Hugh, September 13 Kennedy David, November 9 Kennedy, a black, ditto 11 Kennell Mr. September 2 Kenny Mary, ditto 10 Kenny Hugh, ditto 5 Keppele James, ditto 29 Keppie George, ditto 24 Kercher Samuel, ditto Kerner William, ditto 20 Kerr Nathaniel, Auguft 29 ' Kerr Ifabella, ditto 18 Kerr James, September 12 Kerr Elizabeth, ditto 30 Ker Elizabeth, her child, Oftcbcr 1 Kerr Jofeph, his child, ditto 10 Kefler Catherine, September 11 Keffy John, ditto 6 Kefl'erin Juliana, Oftober 12 City Hofpital ditto German Reformed German Lutheran ditto St Mary's ditto German Lutheran German Reformed City Hofpital ditto ditto German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto ditto Swedes German Reformed City Hofpital 3d Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto ditto German Reformed German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto German Reformed City Hofpital German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital ditto German Lutheran St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto German Lutheran German Reformed German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto d tto ditto ditto ift Prefbyterian St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto LIST OF DEATHS. C KJ Keys John, Auguft 13 Keys John, Oftober 29 Keys George, ditto 31 Keyfer Michael, September 19 Keyfer Mr. ditto 28 Keyfer--------, ditto 28 Kidd William, ditto 5 Kidd Mr. ditto 2 Kiefe Mary Ann, ditto 8 Kiefman Mrs. Oftober Killingworth Luke, his child, September Kaller Catherina, ditto 11 Killingworth Lake, his fon, Auguft 14 Kimber Phebe, Oftober 18 King John, September 4 King Jofeph, ditto 11 King William, | v<-\v- King Jofeph, ditto 12 King Mary, Oftober 30 King Ann, September 5 Kinley Nancy, ditto 17 Kintzinger Michael, ditto 11 Kirkpatrick Mary, ditto 4 Kiffelman Frederick, Auguft 29 Kittler John, his wife, Oftober 20 Klein Mr. his child, Auguft 14 Klein Catherina, Oftober 4 Klein Peter, ditto 19 Kline Mary, September 5 Kline Philip, ditto 19 Klue Philip, ditto 27 Kneill Ann, ditto 26 Knight Mary, wife of David, ditto 3 Knight Ifaac, Oftober 14 Knight Elizabeth, Auguft 27 Knight Elizabeth, September lg Knight Philip, Oftober 1© Knight Philip, his wife, September 30 Knile Peggy, ditto 30 Knile Fanny, Oftober 7 Knodle John, his child, Auguft 30 Kochler Mary, September 30 Koller Michael, his wife, ditto 3 Koogan Jofeph, ditto 29 Kraft Jacob, his fon, ditto 29 Kreider Frederick, September Kremer John, ditto 14 Kremer Barbara, ditto 8 Kreutzbergher John, his child, ditto 25 Krewier Frederick, a child, Auguft Krey Patrick, Oftober 8 Krimbich Chriftiana, ditto Krites John, ditto 23 Krufe Nicholas, ditto 7 Kuln Pl#ip, his child, ditto 4 City Hofpital ditto ditto German Lutheran City Hofpital, City Hofpital Free Quakers German Lutheran City Hofpital German Reformed 15 Methodift St. Mary's Methodift Friends City Hofpital ditto Scots Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto St. Peter's German Lutheran ditto ditto City Hofpital Trinity German Lutheran ditto Triaity Chrift Church Friends City Hofpital German Lutheran ditto ditto Trinity ditto German Reformed City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital German Lutheran German Reformed Trinity ditto German Lutheran German Reformed German Lutheran German Reformed German Lutheran ditto ditto fKL) LISTOFDEATHS. Kuakle George, his wife, Oftober 1 Friends Kunkle John, his child, September 9 German Lutheran Kunkle John, September 10 ditto Kunkle John, his fon, ditto 15 ditto jCyffer Peter, his child, Auguft 26 ditto Lace Elizabeth, daughter of William, Sept. 23 St. Peter's Laford Benjamin, ditto 11 2d Prefbyterian Langrange, Reverend Jofeph, a French catholic clergyman, ditto r St. Mary's Laird E"os, Auguft 17 German Lutheran Lake Richard, jun. ditto 5 .3d Prefbyterian Lake Richard, his daughter, ditto 17 ditto Larlor James, child, ditto 31 St. Mary's Lamb Mary, September 27 City Hofpital Lambert John, Auguft 29 ditto Lambert Mrs. September 22 ditto Lambert Mrs. her mother, ditto 20 ditto Lambertus Chriftian, his wife, ditto 8 German Reformed Laudenfchleager Wm. his fifter-in-law, do. 4 ditto Reformed Lane Margaret, Auguft 18 City Hofpital Lang John, September 94 ditto Lang Charles, his wife, September 30 ditto Langall Ann, ditto 25 Friends Lapp Andrew, Oaober 3 City Hofpital Langall Margaret, September 26 Friends Larger Henry, ditto 24 City Hofpital Lafables Edward, ditto 4 Ger-man Lutheran Laffer John, Auguft 30 City Hofpital Lathman Catherine, September 30 ditto Lauck Jofeph, Auguft 30 German Lutheran Latighlin Catherine, September 25 City Hofpital Laughlin Mary, ditto 25 ditto Laville Peter, his child, ditto 17 German Lutheran Lawler Elizabeth, a child, Auguft 17 St. Mary's Lawrence John, ditto 8 Friends Lawrance John, ditto 27 German Lutheran Lawrance William. September 11 City Hofpital Lawrance James, ditto 12 ditto Leag James, Oftober 25 ditto "Lear Adam, ditto 9 ditto Leary William, ditto 29 ditto Leary James, September 20 ditto Leary Timothy, Oftober 19 ditto Leaton John, September 20 ditto Lechler Maria, child, Auguft 3 Trinity Lechler George, ditto 23 ditto Lechler Jofeph, September 12 ditto Lechler, widow Barbara, Oaober 3 ditto Lechler Hannah, September 26 City Hofpital Lechler John, ditto 18 Trinity Ledlie Margaret, Oaober 16 City hofpital Lee Ann, September 21 ditto LIST OF DEATHS. (L) Lees Samuel, Auguft 31 Free Quakers Leefon Elizabeth, September 22 City Hofpital Leefon Simiiel, ditto 24 ditto Legay Henrietta, ditto 17 ditto Legee Jacob, ditto 16 ditto Lehr Chriftian, Oftober 23 German Lutheran Lieb George, ditto 10 • ditto Lieb George, his widow, November 6 ditto Leiflv Philip, his fon, September 24 ditto Leifner Samuel, ditto 30' City Hofpital Lentz Mary, ditto 15 Trinity Lentz Henry, his child, Auguft 3 German Lutheran Lentz George, his child, SepteuiQer r ditto Lentz Martin, ditto 7 ditto Leonard Catherine, ditto 3 City Hofpital Leonard Michael, ditto German Reformed Leonard Elizabeth ditto 13 City Hofpital Lefslie, Mrs. ditto 25 ditto Lefter John, Auguft 31 St. Mary's Letfield Letitia, September 30 City Hofpital Letherman Andrew, ditto 23 St. Mary's Letherman Catherine, Oftober 1 ditto Letts, widow, Auguft 10 Baptift Leviere Thomas, September 5 City Hofpital Levy Philip, Oftober 11 ditto Lewis Jonathan, ditto 5 -Friends Lewis Curtis, September 3 Swedes Lewis Sarah, Auguft 25 ditto Lewis James, September 12 German Lutheran Lewis Ann, daughter of Jofeph, ditto 16 City Hofpital Lewis Ann, Oftober 1 ditto Licky Jacob, a Child, September German Reformed Light Sarah, ditto 27 City Hofpital Lightbody John, Oftober 14 City Hofpital Lightbody John, ditto 21 ditto Lightcop Michael, September 2 Kenfington Lilly Margaret, ditto 23 City Hofpital Likes Henry, ditto 29 ditto Lindfay, Mrs. ditto 26 Affociate Lindfay Richard, Oftober 25 City Hofpital Linganfelter Jacob, September 10 ditto Link George, his daughter, Oftober 3 German Lutheran Link John, ditto 11 ditto Lifengan Conrad, September 18 City Hofpital Liter Jacob, ditto 21 German Lutheran Little Sufannah, Oftober r City Hofpital Little Elizabeth, daughter of John, September 8 Swedes Lockhart Mary, Oftober 29 City Hofpital Logan John, September 29 ditto Logan Mary, ditto 22 ditto I ogan William, his wife, ditto 26 ditto Logan William, his daughter, ditto 28 ditto Logan James, ditto 13 d|"o Loefti George, Oftober 10 ~ ,,° Logee Anthony, his twiu child, Auguft 0 St. Paul r. ( L M ) L I S T OF D E A T H S. Lohra, widow, Oftober Long Sarah, September 38 Long Captain, ditto 8 Longacre liaac, fon of Ifaac, Auguft 2 Lorigan William, September 15 Lotier jofeph, ditto 26 Louden John, ditto 2 Lourman Maria, ditto 2 Louper John, his child, Auguft te Love William, Oftober 14 Lovell, Mr. September 2 Loyd Ifaac, merchant, Auguft it Lover Jacob, ditto 26 Lovier Evan, Oftober 19 Lucas Mary, September 22 Lucas Seth, ditto 16 Lui.as William, Oftober 24 Ludwick, from north-alley ditto 21 Ludwick William, September 14 LuffborroXv John, ditto 1 Luftborrow Nathan, his child Auguft a Lukins Sarah, Oftober 21 Lutz Adam, September 5 Lutz Elizabeth, Oftober 22 Lutz Polly a child, ditto 7 Lutz Abraham, his child, September 27 Lutz John, ditto 25 Lutz Leonard, October 22 Lutz Sufannah, September 24 Lutz John, his child, Oaober 10 Lutz, widow, ditto 11 Lufhet John, September 24 Lybrant George, his child, Oftober 23 Lycett William, Auguft 24 Lycett William, his wife, September 9 Lyndan James ditto 7 Lynne Richard, a child, Auguft 27 Lyle, Mr. his child, ditto Lynch Eleanor, September 15 Lynch Edward, his child, ditto 22 Lynch Hannah, ditto 30 Lynch John, Oftober 3 Lynch Elfy, September 2,5 Lynch Elfy, her fon, ditto 2.9 German Reformed City Hofpital ditto 2d Prefbyterian City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto Kenfington City Hofpital ditto Friends Trinity City Hofpital. ditto St. Paul's City Hofpital ditto German Lutheran Kenfington 2d Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto- ditto German Lutheran City Hofpital German Lutheran ditto ditto ditto City Hofpital. ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital German Reformed St. Mary's ditto City Hofpital, ditto 3d Prefbyterian ditto M. Maa Nicholas, September M'Adam Barney, ditto 3 M'Afee J tines, Oftober 4 M'Allifter John, Auguft 31 M*Ailifter William, September 24 M'Bride William, Oftober 2$ M'Cabe James, Auguft 29 German Reformed City Hofpital ditto ditto Affociate City Hofpital ditto LISTOFDEATHS. (M) i*i*Call Catherine, November 12 M'Carer Garret, his child, September 20 M'Carer Garret, Oftober 7 M'Carer Garret, his child, ditto 18 M'Carer Garret, his widow, ditto 20 M'Carty Daniel, September 22 M'Cathey Dennis, Auguft 13 M'Cauley Mary, a child, ditto 7 M'Cauley Winifred, Septembers M'Celery Martha, her child, ditto 26 M'Clay Mary, Auguft 25 M'Clay Chriftina, September 25 M'Clellen John, Oftober 21 M'Clellen John, his child, November 1 M'Clellen John, Oftober6 McConnell Mary, September 2 M'Connell Mrs. her daughter, ditto 12 M'Cormick Jane, ditto 29 M'Cormick Frederick, his child, Auguft 29 M'Cormick Mary, September 3 M'Cormick Ifabella, ditto 24 M'Conike Bridget, ditto 9 M'Coy Margaret, a child, Auguft 28 M'Connell Mrs. Oaober 2 M'Coy Jofeph, September 19 M'Cormick Elizabeth, Auguft 28 M'Coy Daniel, September 19 M'Conly Peggy, Oaober 2 M'Coy Catherine, September 23 M'Coy John, November 6 M'Coy Daniel, his child, ditto 1 M'Coy Mary, Auguft 28 M'Crea Elizabeth, September 6 M'Crea------,§outh,between Fifth 8t Sixth M/Crea James, his wife, ditto 17 M'Crea'Matthew, ditto 23 M'Crea Robert, his child, Auguft2 1 M'Crea Mrs. September 27 M'Crea widow, Oaober 26 M'Croffey Hugh, Auguft 29 M'ftue Daniel, September 23 M'Calloch John, a child, Auguft 31 M'Cullom Margaret, September 24 M'Culloin John, his child, November 10 M Cullom Archibald, September 14 M'Curdy Sarah, Oftober 17 M'Dade William, a child, ditto 1 M'Daniel Catherine, September 21 M'Dermot Catherine, Auguft 19 M'Dermot Michael, Oftober 18 M'Devitt Neil, September 10 M'Devitt Robert, Oftober 30 M'Donald Alexander. September 25 M'Dona'.d Margaret, Oftober 29 M'Dbhald Alexander, September 10 St. Thomas's Baptift ditto ditto ditto City Hofpital ditto St. Mary's dtto City Hofpital ditto ditto 3d Prefbyterian 2d Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto St Peter's St. Mary's ditto ditto City Hofpital ditto St. Mary's ad Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ftreets, do.13 ditto ditto ditto 2d Prefbyterian ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto Friends City Hofpital ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto (M) LISTOFDEATHS. M'Donald Mary, September u City Hofpital M'Donald John, ditto 23 ditto M'D maid Wiliiam, ditto 27 ditto M'Doweil Benjamin, ditto 14 ditto M'Dowell Maria, ditto 15 ditto M'Ounn James, ditto 26 ditto M'Elroy Jane, ditto 16 ditto M'Elroy Mrs. Oftober 20 ditto M'EIroy John, his child, September 27 Kenfington M'Elwee James, ditto 20 City Hofpital M'Elwee Daniel, ditto 15 ditto M'Elwaine Alexander, ditto 10 ditto M'Ewen John, November 10 ditto M'Fall Margaret, September 23 ditto M'Farlane James, ditto 17 Methodifts M'Farlane Mary, daughter of Andrew, Auguft 14 ift Prefbyterian M%Farlanc Elizabeth, September 6 City Hofpital M'Farlane James, ditto 8 ditto M'Farlane Michael, ditto 18 ditto M'Farlane Sarah, d.tto 24 ditto M'Farlane Andrew, Auguft 23 ift Prefbyterian M'Farrell Robert, September 27 City Hofpital M'Faun Ifabella, ditto 2 ditto M'Fee Thomas, ditto 21 ditto M'FeelyAnn, Oftober 14 St. Mary's M'Ferran Mrs. September 7 Kenfington "M'Garegal John, Oftober 14 St. Mary's M'Garvey Rebecca, daughter of John, Sept. 19 Chrift Church McGee Robert, Oftober 6 St. Mary's M'Giil Martha, September 1 City Hofpital M* Gill John, Oftober 2 ditto M'Gavern John, September 24 ditto M'Gilfon Catherine, Oftober 12 ditto ?«llGi!ton Samuel, September 21 ditto M'Ginnis Sarah, ditto 15 KenfingtOB M'Glafkv James, his fon, ditto 24 St. Peter's M'GlaikyIfaac, Oftober 26 City Hofpital M'Goven Thomas, September 1 ditto M'Gowan James, ditto 14 ditto M'Grane Patrick, ditto 30 St. Mary's M'Grigor John, Auguft 9 ditto M'Grigor John, Oftober 19 City Hofpital M'Grigor John, ditto 25 ditto M'Grath James, a child, Auguft 17 St Mary's M'Hughaa Allan, September 12 City Hofpital • M'Intofn Mary, Oftober 25 ditto M'lntofh Ifaac, September 8 ditto M'Intofh Alexander, October 1 ditto M'lntofh Mrs. ,>-vte\ ditto M/Intyre Andrew, Auguft 24 Swedes M'K'an John, September 21 City Hofpital M Kean James, Auguft 27 ditto M'Kean William, November 9 ditto Mackie William, September 7 ditto Mackie Margaret, ditto \o St. Mary's LIST OF DEATHS. (M) M'KeeJohn, Oftober 30 M'Kehan John, his widow, M'Kenzie Elizabeth, September 21 M'Kenzie William, Auguft 23 M'Kenzie Ifabella, September 21 M'Kenzie Charles, his child, ditto 14 M'Kinlay James, Oftober 13 M'Lair Sufan, ditto 13 M'Laughlin Francis, September 3 M'Laughlin Mary, Auguft 7 M'Laughliu Michael, Oftober 21 M'Laughlin Mary Ann, Auguft 17 M'Laughlin Hugh, ditto 20 M'Laughlin Mary, September 12 M'Laughlin Elizabeth, ditto 13 M'Laughlin John, ditto 17 M'Laughlin William, ditto 17 M'Laughlin Alexander, his wife, ditto 27 M'Laughlin Elizabeth, Auguft 15 M'Laughlin James, September 5 M'Laughlin Daniel, ditto 29 M'Lean Daniel, Auguft 23 M'Lean Ifabella, ditto 31 M'Lean William, September 21 M'Lean David, ditto 11 M'Luen Mary, ditto 16 M'?vIah.on Michael, Oftober 10 M'Mahon Edward, September 24 M'Mahon Mrs. Auguft 20 M'Mahon------, ditto 23 M'Manus John, ditto 29 M'Manus Barney, September 29 M Manus John, Auguft 29 M'Manus Barney, ditto 25 M'MuIlin Sarah, September 10 M'Mullin Margaret, Oftober 21 M'MuIlin John, ditto 13 M'Mullin John, his child, Auguft 11 M'Neill Neil, September 30 M'Nitt Robert, October 22 M'Pherfon Alexander, September 16 M'Pherfon Elizabeth, ditto 15 M'Pherfon captain, his child, Oftober 11 M'Shane Barnabas, Auguft 25 M'ShaneMrs. September 16 M'Tear Leonard, Auguft 16 M'Williams Helen, September^ Macx Catherina, ditto g* Madan Hugh, Auguft 9 Madan Hugh, ditto 9 Maees Elizabeth, September 23 Magers Philip, his daughter, ditto 93 Maggs Catherine, ditto 29 Maggs Catherine, Oftober 29 Maggs John, November * 3d Prefbyterian Free Quakers Swedes City Hofpital ditto ift Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto St. Mary's ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto St. Paul's City Hofpital ' ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto Affociate City Hofpital £t. Mary's City Hofpital ditto ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto ditto Kenfington City Hofpital Kenfington 3d Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto St. Paul's St. Mary's 3d Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto German Reformed City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto dittb ditto rTitt* ( U) LIST OF DEATHS. Magonogill John, September 4 Mahaff;y James, Auguft 28 Mahafrey Robert, Oftober 10 Mahaffey James, ditto 13 Mahan |ohn, ditto 25 Maiger Philip, his child, Oftober 18 Maiger Philip, ditto 18 Mail Patty, her child, ditto 8 Maine James, his child, ditto 6 Mallick John, September 19 Maley captain, his wife, ditto 19 Malfy James, Auguft 25 Malony Thomas, ditto 25 Manakipper Dorothy, September 30 Mann Conrad, ditto 29 Mansfield Jofeph, Oftober 7 Maniny Elizabeth, September 21 Manuel! Henry, ditto 13 Mangolt Frederick, and fon, Oftober Marchback John, September 4 Marewine Ifaac, grocer, Oftober 17 Maries Jane, September 19 Marklaith John, ditto 5 Marks James, his wife, ditto 30 Marland George, his child ditto 29 MarleyRichard, his child, Auguft 6 Marks Jacob, September 19 Marr John, his child, ditto 30 Marr John, do. do. Oftober 14 Marfell Jofeph, September 10 Marfti Jafper, ditto 21 Marfli John, ditto 22 Marfh Charlotte, Oftober 10 Marfhall Francis, his child, Auguft 28 Marfhall Elizabeth, September 22 Marfliall Margaret, ditto 15 Marfhall Sufan, her daughter, Oftober 4 Martin Charles, September 27 Martin Andrew, his wife, oaober n Martin Peter, ditto 17 Martin Robert, September 10 Martin Edward, ditto 27 Martin Patrick, ditto 21 Martin Rofe, Oaober 13 Martin John, ditto 17 Martin John, September 2 Mary, from Love Lane, ditto 2a Martin William, ditto 13 Mafh Hannah, ditto 19 Mafon capt. William, his fon, Auguft 513 Ditto do. his wife, September 4 Mafon widow, mother of Philip, Oftober 3 Mafon Jacob, his child, ditto 10 Maffey captain, his child, September 26" Match John, ditto 18 Matthew* Ann, ditto 26 City Hofpital Kenfington City Hofpital ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto Kenfingtori ditto City Hofpital *d Prefbyterian City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital German Reformed City Hofpital Moravians Chrift Church City Hofpital Kenfington St. Mary's Chrift Church Trinity 2d Prefbyterian ditto City Hofpital Friends City Hofpital ditto St. Mary's Chrift Church City Hofpital Free Quakers City H«fpital ditto ditto ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto Friends City Hofpital ditto ift Prefbyterian City Hofpital St. Peter's ditto ditto City Hofpital 3d Prefbyterian City Hofpital dit.o LIST OF DEATHS. < M ) Matthews James, Oftober 17 „d Preftvterian Maucheft Paul, ditto 28 3 £ m " >« Maxfield Stephen, his wife, Auguft 26 Friends Maxwe Abigail, daughter of John, Oftober 1 Scots Prefbyterian Maxwell Mary, do. clo. ditto 6 ditto Maxwell Hugh, fon of do. ditto 12 May Adam, his child, November 4 Meads Elizabeth, Auguft 20 Mealy Thomas, Oftober 1 Meary Thomas, September 19 Meeker Mrs. Auguft 31 Meeker Elias, ditto 31 Megunigal John, September 4 Meginty James, ditto 30 Meeker Mrs. Auguft 31 Mehon Eliza, September 7 Mehon Margaret, ditto 23 Meonfon John, ditto 18 Meredith Wheeler, Auguft 24 Mendenhall Adam, his wife, Oftober 20 Merfrool Mr. September 7 Merritt widow, her child, ditto 25 Merfhon Stephen, his fon, ditto 30 Meflinger Simon, ditto 5 Meyer widow, ditto 26 Metzger Johannes, Auguft Metzger Johannes, September Meyer Adam, his daughter, ditto"23 Metzger Johannes, ditto Meyer Henry, his fon, ditto 29 Ditto ditto ditto ditto 28 Ditto ditto his daughter, Oftober 3 Ditto ditto his wife, ditto 7 Meyer George, ditto 11 Meyer Jacob, ditto 8 Ditto ditto September Meyer George, ditto 10 Meyer John, ditto 13 Meyer Sarah, ditto 14 Meywerth John, ditto Michael Adam, Auguft 29 M'Uer Robert, oaober 19 Miercken Peter, his daughter, ditto 13 Miller Ann, ditto Milgo Charlotte, ditto 3 Miller Chriftina, ditto ~^....~*. +^*----- Millard Thomas, fhot at the prifon, September 18 City Hofpital Miller John, ditto 3 ditto Miller Samuel, Auguft 14 ditto Miller Charles, his wife, September 18 German Lutheran Miller John, Auguft 14 City Hofpital Ditto ditto September 19 German Lutheran Miller Mary, Auguft 26 City Hofpital Miller Michael, September #3 German Lutheran ditto German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto St. Mary's ditto City Hofpital Friends ditto St. Mary's St. Peter's Friends Kenfington City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto German Reformed ditto German Lutheran German Reformed German Lutheran ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto German Reformed. City Hofpital ditto ditto German Reformed City Hofpital ift Prefbyterian St. Peter's German Reformed City Hofpital German Reformed M ) L I S T O F D E A T II S. Miller Ann, September 5 Ditto Michael, his wife, ditto 24 Ditto David, his mother, ditto Ditto Michael, his daughter, Oftober 5 Ditto John, September Ditto George, ditto 28 Ditto Johannes, ditto Ditto Henry, his wife, Oftober 6 Ditto George, September 22 Ditto Margaret, ditto 17 Ditto Mrs. Oftober 12 Ditto do. from Kenfington, September 19 Ditto Jacob, ditto 30 Ditto ditto, labourer, Oftober 9 Ditto Matthew, ditto 5 Ditto Jacob, his wife, ditto9 Ditto ditto Auguft 16 Ditto Daniel, Oftober 14 Millis John, his daughter, ditto 15 Do. do. September 24 Do. do. fon of John, ditto 28 Do. do. Oaober 24 Mills Francis, September 5 Do. ditto ditto 5 Minx widow, her child, Oaober 1 Mills William, his wife, September 30 Minders Socrates, November 6 Minnis Jofeph, Oaober 29 Minx Catherina, her child, September 24 Miftacher Mr. his daughter, ditto 23 Mifty John, Auguft 31 Mifeman Catherine, September Mitchell widow, ditto 11 Mirny Rofalia, ditto 25 Mitchell Samuel, ditto 26 Mitchell George, his daughter, ditto 15 Mitchell captain, Auguft 6 Mitchell Catherine, September 29 Mitchell Andrew, ditto 26 Mitty Paul, ditto 26 Mills Elizabeth, ditto 27 Moaxham James, fon of William, ditto 23 Moilet Elizabeth, ditto 7 Molit John Baptift, Auguft 3 Mollin Margaret, 6aober>3 Monday Maria, a child, September 25 Molly Catherine, ditto 23 Monday Francis, ditto 12 Molly, a black, ditto 7 Monaghan Catherine, Auguft 26 Molly------, Septemberg. Monday Charles,'Auguft 28 Montgomery George, ditto 23 Montgomery Andrew, his wife, September. Trinity German Lutheran German Reformed German I utheran German Reformed Kenfington German Reformed Ger-man Lutheran City Hofpital ditto Coates's City Hofpital ditto Kenfington City Hofpital Kenfington ditto ditto Oferift Church ditto ditto City Hofpital Kenfington City Hofpital German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital ditto German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital German Reformed City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital Swedes 3d Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto Free Quakers City Hofpital Trinity City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto ditto 1 j Swedes LIST OF DEATHS. (M) Moodie ciprain, his child, Auguft 30 Moon Samuel, Oaober 6 Moodie captain, his fon, September 6 Money Michael, Odober Moore John, Auguft 27 Money widow, November MooreRobert, Auguft 26 Moore William, Oftober 14 Moore John, ditto Moore William, fhip carpenter, Auguft 27 Moore Mary, September 15 Moore Thomas, September 26 Moore Elizabeth, a child, Oftober 10 Moore Martha, Oftober 11 Moore Rachel, Auguft 29 Moore William, his wife, September 14 Moore Samuel, ditto Moorpole John, his child, ditto 17 Morgan Benjamin, his fon, Auguft 4 Morgan widow, September 4 Morgan John, Oftober 11 Morgan Enoch, September 30 Morgan John, ditto 28 ' Morland John, joiner, Auguft 4 Morris Robert, fon of John, September 23 Morris Anthony, ditto Morris William, fon of Robert, Oftober 9 Morris Sarah, Oftober 6 Morris Thomas, ditto 2 Morris John, carver, September Morris Hugh, September 15 Morris James, his daughter, ditto 24 Morris Robert, ditto 1 Morris Catherine, ditto Morris Ketty, ditto Morfe Rachel, Auguft 29 Morton George, September 27 Morton Sarah, ditto 22 Mofely George, ditto 29 Mofely George, his child, Oftober 1$ Mofer Chriftian, ditto 4 Mofer widow, her child, November Mofer Chriftian, September 19 Mofer George, country. Mofer Jacob, September 22 Moulin Anna, Auguft 31 Mofs Judith, September 16 Moullia Cherry, ditto 21 Mouport William, ditto 19 Moylun John, ditto 7 Much Jeremiah, his flep daughter, ditto 9 Muakling William, "November 2 Mullin Peter, September 6 Mullia Elizabeth, Oftober 4 F Swedes City Hofpital Swedes German Reformed City Hofpital German Reformed City Hofpital ditto Kenfington ditto ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto German Lutheran City Hofpital Kenfhgton Chrift Church Friends City Hofpital ditto ditto Biptifts Free Quakers Friends Chrift Chiuvu City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto Bethel ditto City Hofpital Swedes City Hofpital St. Paul's ditto City Hofpital German Reformed German Lutheran German Lutheran Trinity City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital St. Mary's St. Peter's City Hofpital ditto Kenfington V' ( M N ) LIST OF DEATHS. Mullin William, September 9 City Hofpital Mullin Patrick, ditto 26 ditto Mullin James, ditto 1 ditto Mullin Henry, Auguft 10 St. Mary's Mulligan James, September 13 ditto Mulligan Owen, ditto 8 ditto Mnlry Elizabeth, ditto 13 City Hofpital Munges Almantine, a child, ditto 19 St. Mary*:* Murgatroyd Thomas, his daughter, ditto 16 Chrift Church Mure Bridget, ditto 19 City Hofpital Murphy Nicholas, ditto 19 ditto Murphy Nicholas, ditto 19 St. Mary's Murphy Mr. his wife, ditto 2 Scots Prefbyterian Murphy Owen, his child, ditto 2 St. Paul's Murphy William, labourer, ditto 5 Kenfington Murphy Terence, Auguft 28 St. Mary's Murphy Terence, ditto City Hofpital Murphy Michael, ditto 25 St. Paul's Murphy Henry, Oftober 1 . City Hofpital Murphy Edward, September 19 ditto Murphy John, Auguft £9 St. Mary's Murphy Patty, September 21 City Hofpital Murray Daniel, September 19 Methodifts Murray Daniel, his child, October 12 ditto Murray James, Auguft 19 City Hofpital Murray Daniel, his child, Oftober 15 Methodifts Murray William, his daughter, September 22 City Hofpital Murray Fraucif, ditto 22 St. Mary's Murrell John, September 17 City Hofpital Murrell Jofeph, Auguft 31 ditto Murren Eleanor, September 17 ditto Myers John, ditto 16 ditto Mylander William, ditto 14 German Lutheran Mlifgrove Charles, Auguft 30 Swedes M• linger William, September 20 City Hofpital Myrtetns Cluiftopher, his daughter, ditto 13 Moravian Myers Catharine, Oftober 17 St. Mary's Mynnich Conrad, Auguft German Reformed Mynnich widow, her daughter, September ditto MynnichCluiftina, November ditto N. Naglee Mary, September 15 Naglee John, his child, ditto to Naglee Mr. his child, ditto 28 Ditto do. ditto Oftober 13 Nail Conrad, his wife, September 16 Do. ditto, his child, ditto 20 Napier David, ditto 16 Nafli Elizabeth, ditto 7 Nafh John, Auguft 31 Needier Barbara, September 12 Negel Elizabeth, Oftober lr City Hofp'.tat Kenfington ditto ditto Methodift* ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto Trinity German Lutheran LIST OF DEATHS. (NO) Neife E'eanor, Oftober 19 City Hofpital Nelfon William, Auguft 13 ditto Nelfon David, joiner, Oftober 13 3d Prefbyterian Nemand George, September 4 ' City Hofpital Nenthinger Chriftina, Oftober German Reformed Netherwood Catherine, September 16 City Hofpital Netherwood John, ditto 13 ditto Neutral Maria, ditto 20 Trinity Newcamp------, a woman, ditto 29 City Hofpital Newdie Patrick, ditto 13 ditto Newman Frederick, Oftober 14 German Lutheran Newman Sarah, daughter of Benjamin, Auguft 25 Coates's Newman Elizabeth, September 1 2d Prefbyterian Newman widow, ditto 4 ditto Newman John, Oftober 16 Methodifts Newton Elizabeth, ditto 19 City Hofpital Newton Mrs. ditto 15 ditto Nichols Hoover, Auguft 22 Swedes Nichols Mary, ditto 21 City Hofpital Nichols John, fon of colonel N. Oftober 6 Chrift Church Nigkoop John, September 3 City Hofpital Nixon James, ditto 24 ditto Noble Thomas, Auguft 18 ditto Nongary Lewis, marquis of Modena, Septsmber 22 St. Mary's Norbeck Daniel, his child, ditto 19 Trinity NorkwayMary, Oftober n City Hofpital Norman Philip, September 20 ditto Norton John, Auguft 23 ditto Norris John, Oftober 17 Scots Prefbyterian Ditto do. fhip-carpenter, September 16 Kenfington Nory Jacob, ditto 25 City Hofpital Nue Peter, his child, Oftober 4 Kenfington Nugent Eleanor, September 5 St Mary's Nugent Francis, ditto 8 ditto Nugent Elizabeth, ditto 15 ditto Nugent Patrick, Oftober 12 ditto o Oblinger Barbara, Auguft 27 City Hofpital Oakford Charles, his wife, September 25 Baptifts Ditto ditto his daughter, ditto 27 ditto Oblinger Barbara, Auguft 27 St. Mary s Obaire Mr. ditto 28 C.tyHofpital O'Brian Timothy, a child, ditto 3 St. Mary a O'Brian Simon, September 9 Clt>' Hofpital O'Brian Robert, ditto 16 «}Uo O'Brian Eleanor, ditto 17 «][i0 O'Connell Charles, ditto 2 r°. Odair Catherine, Auguft 26 ^"mKn O'Dounnell Connell, September 11 o +- yj Ohler Johannes Oftober German Re ormed Ohler Andreas, ditto 10 German L"tneran Oliver William, Auguft 23 C,t>' H°fp.t*I (OP) LIST OF DEATHS. Oliver Charles, September 17 Oliver Andrew, ditto jt Onet Peter, Auguft 1 O'Neal James, ditto 29 Oner Elizabeth, September 24 Oppermau Adam, ditto 4 Omer John, Oftober 27 Orr Hugh, September 6 Orr Hugh, ditto 4 Ofburn Sarah, Oftober 17 Ofbura Samuel, ditto 13 Ott Appolonia, Seotember26 Otts John, Auguft a6 Ottington Matthew, his child, Oftober 27 Ousford John, September 24 Overman John, ditto 17 Owen John, fen. Oftober 10 Owen John, jun. ditto 10 Owens Mr. Auguft 17 City HofpitaJ ditto Kenfington St. Mary's Chrift Church St. Mary's German Lutheran 3d Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital St. Paul's Chrift Church City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto P. Paine Prince, September 15 Palmer William, T. ditto 27 Palmer Jofeph, November 15 Pancake Philip, his daughter, September 11 Ditto do. ditto, Oftober 28 Parenbach Maria, September Parifh Mary, ditto 16 Park David, Auguft 21 Parker Mary, ditto 26 Parker Mrs. her child, September 23 Ditto do. ditto. Auguft 20 Parks Mrs. September 26 Parr Cabb, Oftober 15 Parr Hetty, ditto 13 Parram Sufannah, September 6 Parry John, Auguft 11 Partridge Sarah. September 9 Partridge Thomas, Auguft 29 Pafchall Jonathan, September 27 Pafgill -------, ditto 2 Pafiands----, corner of Lombard and Fifth Pafsfield George, Auguft 30 Paftor Peter, ditto 31 Paftoris Samuel, September 6 Pafloris Sarah, ditto 11 Paties Oliver, Auguft 8 Patrick Ann, wife of Alexander, September Patrick Alexander, his fon, ditto 36 Patterfon John, Oftober 27 Patterfon William, ditto 29 Patterfon Samuel, September 11 City Hofpital ditto ditto German Lutheran ditto German Reformed City Hofpital ditto Baptifh City Hofpital St. Paul's City Hofpital Chrift Church City Hofpital Swedes Free Quakers City Hofpital ditto Friends City Hofpital ftreets ditto B:iptifts City Hofpital Friends ditto City Hofpital «> ditto ditto ditto Swedes City Hofpital \ LIST OF DEATHS. (P Fatton William, a child, Auguft 24 Paukermafter Thomas, November 7 Paul captain, his fon, Auguft 28 Paul Ann, ditto 21 Paxfon Robert, November 6 Peacock Alexander, September 6 Peak Elizabeth, ditto 4 Peale Rebecca, ditto 12 Pearfon Jane, ditto 22 Pearfon Amos, Auguft 29 Pearfon William, September 6* Pechin John, his child, Auguft 28 Peck Elizabeth, September 4 Peckham Mary, ditto 22 Pee John, Auguft 30 PeltzAnn, Oftober Peltz Corporal, September § Pemberton John, ditto Ditto do. a black, November 2 Pennington Alexander, Oftober 11 Pepper Philip, November 8 Perey John, houfe-carpenter, his wife, September 19 Ditto do. his fon, ditto 22 Perey Samuel, houfe-carpenter, ditto 24 Perey John, his daughter, ditto 25 Ditto do. houfe-carpenter, ditto 27 Ditto do. his daughter, ditto 28 Perkefon Martin, his child, Oftober 23 Perkins Jacob, his child, Auguft 14 Permer Catherine, September 15 Peters Elizabeth, ditto 1 Peters John, his child, November 4 Peters Mifs, fifter of Mr. Little, Sept. 27 Peterfham Chriftan, ditto 14 Phillips David, ditto 7 Phillips Alexander, taylor, Auguft j Phillips Hannah, ditto 2© Philllpfon Catherine, September 14 Pic Mary Ann, ditto 18 Picken Mary, ditto 24 Pickering Samuel, ditto 14 Pickering Rachel, ditto 23 PidermanCharles, ditto e8 Pierce Jacob, his child, ditto 8 Pieffeman Chriftina, Oftober Pifter Jacob, his wife, ditto 18 Pifter Catherina, ditto 16 Pifter John, his wife, Auguft 31 Platay Henry, September 21 Platz Barbara, Oftober 27 Plin Paul, his daughter, September Do. do. a child, Oftober Piifch Chriftina, September Plowman Jofeph, Oftober 18 plumb Peter, ditto • St. Mary's KenGngton St. Paul's City Hofpital 0 ditto ditto ditto ditto Friends City Hofpital ditto St. Paul's City Hofpital ditto 3d Prefbyterian German Reformed City Hofpital German Reformed City Hofpital ditto German Lutheran Baptifts ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto 3d Prefbyterian 2d ditto City Hofpital Methodifts German Lutheran Scots Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto 3d Prefbyterian Swedes City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto ditto German Lutheran Kenfington German Reformed I-lcnfington German Lutheran ditto ditto Trinity German Reformed ditto ditto St. Peter's St. Mary's PQ) LIST OF DEATHS. Polany William, September 20 Pollard Richard, ditto 12 Ditto ditto, his mother, ditto 20 Ditto ditto| his widow, dit'.o 28 Ditto ditto, his daughter Eliza, ditto 28 Polling Jefferin, his child, Auguft 1 Pollock James, ditto 25 Pollock Elizabeth, ditto 31 Polly, from Chriftian between 3d & 4th ftreets, Sept. 16 Polly Robert, his child, Oftober 23 Ponev------, Auguft 12 Pooly Elizabeth, September 20 Pope Chriftopher, Oftober 23 Porter James, Auguft 9 Porter John, ditto 12 Tcrter Mary, ditto 9 Poth Adam, Oftober 13 Potlens Elizabeth, September 5 Pottem Elizabeth, September 14 Potter Thomas, ditto 20 Potter James, ditto 24 Potter Nathaniel, ditto 6 Potts Edward, Auguft 18 Pouftich Poultice, September 8 Powder William, Auguft 24 Power John, ditto 24 Ditto do. ditto 26 Ditto do. his child, September 3 Poynter James, ditto 19 Pratt Richard, ditto 25 Praupert Mr. his child, Oftober Precker John, Auguft 23 Prederfe Henry, September 2 Prendergrafs captain, Auguft 28 Prefton Rebecca, daughter of James, September 2 Prefton William, his fon, Auguft 29 Ditto ditto, his wife, September 18 Prefton John, ditto 20 Prefton jofeph, ditto 18 Price Ifaac, watchmater, member of the board of health, ditto 16 Price widow, h?r fon, ditto 1 Price David, ditto 15 Price Mary, ditto 1 Primmell Benjamin, his wife, Auguft 24 Provooft William, September 21 Purphil Jofeph, his child, Oftober 2 PurtichMr. his fon-in-law, ditto Pye Rebecca, September 14 CL City Hofpital St. Peter's ditto ditto ditto Kenfington City Hofpital ditto ditto Trinitv City Hofpital ditto German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto Scots Prefbyterian Trinity City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto 3d Prefbyterian Friends City Hofpital ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto German Reformed City Hofpital ditto Kenfiugton Swedes St. Peter's Friends ditto ditto ditto German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto Swedes City Hofpital Kenfington German Reformed City Hofpital \l Quah Thomas, his fon, September 24 Queer. Booker, dittc ? St. Peter's City Hofpital LIST OF DEATHS- (Q.RJ Quin Chriftina, September 16 Quin Patrick, ditto 3 Quin William, ditto 6 Qninlain Ann, a child, ditto 15 Kenfington City Hofpital St. Mary's ditto Rain John, his grand child, September 23 Ralfton Mrs. wife of William, Oftober 14 Ralfton Alexander, Auguft 26 Ralfton James, Oftober 20 Ramfay Alexander, his daughter, Auguft 25 Rampart Benjamin, September 5 Ranuels Rebecca, ditto 7 Rape Nicholas, Oftober 27 Raphune John, his child, ditto 27 Ray Mrs. September 13 Ray Oliver, ditto 4 Reach William, ditto 15 Read Peter, Oftober 6 Read Elizabeth, ditto 22 Read Peter, September Read Peter, his wife, Read Eleanor, ditto 27 Reb Nicholas, his wife, Oftober 13 Rebel Adam, Auguft 25 Records Mrs. her daughter, September 26 Recud Peter, his mother, October 4 Rees George, September 28 Rees George, ditto 16 Regan William, ditto 11 Regan Hannah, ditto 11 Regan Abigail, ditto 28 Regins Ann, Oftober 16 Reid Andrew, September 30 Reid John, Auguft 25 Reefe Jofeph, September 30 Reihle John,fhip-carpenter, ditto 7 R.eihle John, fifherman, his wife, ditto 29 Reineck Jacob, Oftober 5 Reineck Catherina, September Relnhart William, a child, Oftober Reily Mrs. September 5 Reilly Henry, ditto 30 Reifer Martin, his fon, Auguft 23 Reik Frederic, September 18 Do. ditto, his wife, ditto 20 Remington Clement, his child, Auguft 4 Renow ■-------, ditto 19 Rencke Frederick, his wife, September 3 Renlhaw Charles, his child, Auguft 21 Renfey Sufan, ditto 30 Reynolds William, ditto 26 Reynolds John, ditto 23 ift Prefbyteriaa sd ditto City Hofpital ditto Swedes City HofpiUl ditto ditto German Lutheran Scots Prefbyterian St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto ditto Bethel ditto City Hofpital German Lutheran St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto • ditto ditto St. MaryTa City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto Kenfington ditto City Hofpital German Reformed ditto St. Mary'fc City Hofpital Ger.man Lutheran City Hofpital ditto Friends City Hofpital German Lutheran St. Paul's City Hofpital ditto 2d Prefbyterian V ( R > LIST ft? DEATHS. Reynolds Charles, September 6 City Hofpitsi Rible Jacob, ditto 15 ditt» Rice Anthony, ditto 1 ditto Rice Jacob, ditto 4 ditto Rice George, his child, Auguft 23 St Paul's Richard Stephen, ditto 24 City Hofpitai Richard Mary, September 29 ditto Richards Sarah, her child, Oftober e ditto Richards Matthew, ditto 1 ditto Richards Thomas, ditto 17 ditto Richards John, a child, September 29 St. Mary's Richards Mark, ditto 30 ditto Richards Gafper, Oftober 10 ditto Richards Elizabeth, ditto 14 ditto Richards Mrs. her daughter, September*. City Hofpital Richards George, Oftober 19 ditto Richardfon George, Auguft 23 ditto Rickets Nancy, September 7 ditto Rickets Lucy, Oftober 13 Friends Riddell James, ditto 2 City Hofpital Riddell John, ditto 12 ditto Rider Rachel, Auguft 23 ditto Ridgway John, ditto 22 ditto Ridgway Alien, his wife, Oftob«r 31 Friends Riebel widow, September German Reformed Ries Mifs, Oftober 24 City Hofpital Riferts widow, herdtughter,Auguft 21 Kenfington Riff Johannes, Oftober German Reformed Rifnts Edward, ditto 3 Free Quakers Rigley Thomas, Auguft 1 r City Hofpital Riidefheim Anthony, Oftober 21 Trinity Rine Ann, Auguft 5 Baptifts Riol Ifrael, September 25 Friends R'.on Peter Jacobus, ditto 27 City Hofpital Ritchie Francis, ditto 10 ditto Rittenhoufe Chriftian, his child, Auguft 21 Kenfington Ritchie Martha, ditto 29 City Hofpital Ritter Henry, a child, September German Reformed R.ttner Philip, ditto 9 German Lutheran River Baftian, ditto 12 ditto Rivel Catherine, ditSo 28 St. Mary's Ditto ditto, ditto 22, ' ditto Rivel Jacob, ditto 27 ditto Rivel William, ditto 24 ditto Rizer Chriftian, Oftober 5 City Hofpital Khea George, ditto 8 ditto Rhea Mrs. ditto 23 ditto Rhoades Sarah, Auguft 26 ditto Rhoades William, his wife, Oftober 30 German Luthera* Ditto ditto, his child, September 16 ditto Robert Ifaac, Auguft 8 City Hofpital RobertJiiaur Charles, September 7 ditto Roberts John, ditto 26 ' ditto Roberts S.irah, daughter of widow, Auguft to St Peter's Roberts Hannah, ditto, ditto 21 ditto LIST OF DEATHS. (R) Roberts Ifrael, September 21 City Hofpital Roberts widow, her daughter, Auguft 23 St Peter's Roberts Charlotte, Oftober 4 City Hofpital Roberts widow, her daughter, Auguft 26 St. Peter's Roberts Mary, September 11 Free Quakers Ditto do, ditto 7 Chrift Church Roberts Jofeph. Auguft 31 City Hofpital Robertfon John, September^ ditto Ditto do. ditto 19 ditto Robefon Jofeph, his fon, di tto 4 Swedes Robinet Allen, ditto 7 Kenfington Robefon Jof-ph, ditto 10 Swedes Robinet Richard, his child, Oftober 24 St. Paul's Robins John, ditto 14 ditto Robins Thomas, September 4 City Hofpital Robinfon widow, her child, ditto 27 ditto Robinfon John, Oftober 13 2d Prefbyterian Robinfon Ann, September 14 City Hofpital Robifon Mr. Oftober 27 »ft Prefbyterian Ditto do. his child, September 25 ditto Robifon Margaret, ditto 18 City Hofpital Robifon Ann, Auguft 19 ditto Robifon----, oppofite Mr. Miercken's, September 17 ditto Robifon Ann, Auguft 29 S. Mary's Robifon Jofeph, September 10 Swedes Ditto do. his fon, ditto 4 ditto Roche John, ditto 24 City Hofpital Roche Edward, ditto 23 St. Mary 3 Rody Neil!, a child, Auguft 16 ditto Rody Catherine. September ib jtt0 Rody Neill, Auguft 19 J"0. Roes Anthony, September 1 Trinity Rogers Hugh, ditto 3 . St-M^a. Rogers Francis, ditto 12 City Hofpital Rogers Francis, a child, ditto 13 St. Mary s Rolfington Mrs. wife of John, ditto 8 St. Peter s Ronaldfon Andrew. Oftober 11 City Hofpital Rofe David, his child, September 9 < St. Pain s Ronnion William, ditto 17 City Hofpital Roop John, his fon, ditto 2 German Lutheran Rofe David, fen. Auguft 5 St. Paul .s Rorhman Conrad, his daughter, September 10 German Lutheran Rofs William, his child, ditto 21 Methodifts Rofs S> rah, ditto ic City Hofpital Rofs Margaret, ditto 5 uj-a Rofs William, ditto 22 „ Methodifts Roth Elizabeth, Auguft 24 German Lutheran Rowen John, Oftober 3 lil Pre^yter.an Rofe David, his child, September3 &t. Paul s Royfton George, September 25 City Ho pital Rowe Sarah, ditto 29 . aI ■„ Ruddach William, ditto 14 . „ tft Prefbytenan Rudy widow, afriend of her's, ditto German Reformed Rugan John, his apprentice, ditto 2. City Hofp.Ui €£ (RS) LIST OF DEATHS. Rule Andrew, September 17 Rumford Rebecca, ditto 28 Rummell Charlotte, Oftober 24 Rummell George, his child, September a8 Runner Charles, Oftober 5 Rufli Elizabeth, daughter of B. Rufh, Auguft Rufh Nathan, September 25 Rufh Andrew, ditto 30 Rufh captain Conrad, ditto Ruifeil Margaret, Oftober 6 Rulfell Michael, Jitto 7 Ruffed David, September 2 Rutchillier Mary, ditto 11 Rutherford Jane, ditto 24 Rutter George, iign-painter, ditto 25 Rutter Peter, Oftober 16 Ryan Patrick, September 23 Ryboidjohn, Oftober 23 City Hofpital ditto ditto German Lutheran ditto 21 ift Prefbyterian Kenfington City Hofpital German Reformed City Hofpital ditto ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital Friends City Hofpital ditto Kenfington s. St. Clair Jofeph, September 19 St Martin Catherine Adine, ditto $g •St. Clair Mrs. Oftober 10 St. felix Mr. Auguft p.t Sainton David, September 25 St. Clair Wiliiam, ditto 26 Sampfon lohn, ditto 26 Sanamaker George, Oftober 21 Sanford Sarah, wife of William, September Sauder Maria, ditto Saunders John, Oftober 2 D-tto do. ditto 14 Ditto William, September 24 Ditto Elizabeth, Oftober 26 Ditto John, drowned, ditto 24 Savage Jofeph, ditio 4 Saverito George, September 27 Sauyer Rebecca, her child, Oftober 19 Sua4 ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditta ditto ditto ditt«* ditto ditto ditto ditto ift Prefbyterias Methodifts Swedes gd Prefbyterian Baptifts ditto City Hofpitaa ditto ditto 2d Prefbyterian German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital Chrift Cuurch Cjtj Hoipittr! dirts C S ) LIST OF DEATHS. Stookert William, September 12 Stonebnrner David, Oaober 11 Ston -man Sufan, Auguft 6 Stoufs George, his daughter, Oftober 4 Stoufs jofeph, September -3 Stores Fec'erick, Auguft 31 Straten George, his child, ditto 4 Stow Eieanor, November 20 Stowesberry Peter, September 20 Strart Henry, his child, Auguft 7 , Strieker Elizabeth, September 26 Strieker captain, ditto Strieker captain, his wife, Auguft Strife Chriftina, Oftober 2 City Hofpital City Hofp'ta! Free Quakers- City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital Kenfington City Hofpital German Lutheran Methodifts City Hofpital German Reformed ditto City Hofpital Strong Margaret, wife of Valentine, September 13 Swedes Stuberfield William, Oftober 2 City Hofpital Stmne Francis, Auguft 26 Trinity Sturm widow, September German Reformed Sturrier Juftis, Oftober ditto Stuz widow, ditto 12 German Lutheran Suilentine, his child, ditto 27 City Hofpital Sullivan Daniel, September 23 t ditto Suliivan Cornelius, ditto 25 ditto Sullivan Dennis, ditto 18 ditto Summer Henry, Auguft 26 German Lutheran Suter Mr. ditto 13 Kenfington Suter David, September 10 German Lutheran Syttle John, Oftober 2 Sutton Mrs her child, September 17 Sutton John, his child, Auguft 22 Swain Ebenezer, Oftober 18 Swain Nezer, fon of James, September 29 Swan Stacy, Auguft 23 Swan John, September 18 Swanwick John, Auguft 1 Svvartz Sarah, Oftober 18 Sweeny Miles, September 25 Sweeney Henry, ditto 3 Sweitzer Michael, his wife, Oftober 1 Swelbachs Henry, dittos Sykes Jacob, Oftober 14 Sylvain Daniel, his child, November r City Hofpital Kenfington ditto Methodifts Chrift Church City Hofpital ditto St. Peter's Trinity St. Mary's Swedes German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital Kenfington Taggart Elizabeth. Oftober 18 Taggart Mary Ann, September 2 Taggc-rt Robert. Oftobpr 12 Tanner Philip, ditto Tanner Mary, September 29 Tanzey Morgan, ditto 7 Taper Benjamin, his child, Oftober 9 Sitto ditto ditto ditto 25 City Hofpital ditto ift Prefbyterian City Hofpital City Hofpital St Mary's Kenfington ditto LIST OF DEATHS. (T) Tar George, his wife, Oftober 15 Tarrant Thomas, his child, September Tatton John, ditto 24 Tautennan Philip, Oftober Taylor Godfrey, September 27 Taylor Fanny, Oftober 23 Taylor Andrew, Auguft 13 Taylor Francis, Oftober 31 Taylor Lewis, his child, September 9 Taylor George, his child, Auguft 15 Taylor Elizabeth, daughter of John, Auguft 1 Taylor Abigail, September 27 Taylor John, his child, Auguft 17 Terry Sarah, ditto 29 Tharnhill Jofeph, Oftober 28 Thackara John, fon of William, Auguft 6 Thibien John, ditto 25 Third John, his wife, September 18 Thomas Jane, Auguft 30 Thomas Catharine, September 21 Thomas widow, her child, ditto 27 Thomas Elizabeth, November 11 Thomas widow, her fon, September 13 Thomas Samuel, a Dlack, Auguft 45 Thomas Robert, ditto Thomas Henry, ditto 31 Thomas John, ditto 16 Thomas----, ditto 22 Thompfon Eleanor, Oftober eo Thompfon Mary Ann, Auguft 26 Thompfon Samuel, September 22 Thompfon John, his child, ditto 28 Thompfon Jane, ditto 4 Thompfon Peter, ditto 5 Thompfon Thomas, ditto 9 Thompfon John, of the Indian Queen, ditto 13 Thompfon John, fon of John blackfmith, ditto 20 ditto Thompfon------, labourer, Oftober 30 Univerfali^ Ke'nfington 3d Prefbyterian City Hofpital German Reformed City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto Friends Kenfington 2d Prefbyterian St. Mary's German Lutheran City Hofpital ditto St. Peter's City Hofpital Baptifts African German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital 3d Prefbyterian City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ift Prefbyterian ditto ditto Chrift Church Friends ditto 2d Prefbyterian Thompfon Thomas, ditto 3 Thompfon Margaret, November 4 Thompfon Mrs. Auguft 24 # Thompfon Sarah, wife of captain, Oftober 27 Tharburn James, September 14 Thornton John, his child, Oftober ,7 Thornton Hermanns, September 20 Tiepo widow, ditto Till John, Auguft 30 Tillotfon Catharine, ditto 15 T;iton Lvdia, Oftober 22 Tmauus Conrad, his wife,' Sepumber 3 T nklemire Rofannah, ditto 16 Tobin David, Auguft 22 Tobin Eleanor, September n Toland Margaret ditto 24 Tc'W Ann, Auguft 23 ift Prefbyterian ditto \ City Hofpital' St. Peter's: City Hofpital Kenfington City Hofpital German Reformed Kenfington Free Quakers City Hofpital German Lutheran City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto ditto (TV) LIST OF DEATHS. Tomlinfon Hannah, September 26 Toy Ja-Job, ditto 8 Tranfotn Jacob, ditto 12 Trapp George, ditto 15 Travers Ann, Oftober 2 Trautwine William, his child, September 26 Trein Peter, ■ Oftober 19 Triefs John, Oftober 8 Trefeler David, his child, ditto 29 Tribet Simon, September 29 Tribet Simon, Oftober 1 Tribut Simon, his child, September 27 Trimbles J~h:i, Oftober 4 Tripolet Jacob, September Trompo Andre, Auguft 24 Trolle Martin, his child, Auguft 30 Trumble Francis September ir Trumble Hannah, ditto 7 Trumble Elizabeth, ditto 30 Trump Daniel, his fon, October 19 Trump Mary, September 18 Tryer Peter, Auguft 26 Tryer widow, September 15 Tully Ann, Auguft 23 Tully William, September 29 Turner Mrs. her child, Auguft 13 Turner Ann, September 13 Turner Peter, ditto 15 Turner Mary, ditto 30 Ditto ditto Auguft 18 Turner Margaret, September 14 Tutton Robert, Ausuft' 20 City HofprCal Swede: City Hofpital ditto ditto German Lutheran Trinity German Lutheran ditto City Hofpital ditto Kenfington 3d Prefbyterian German Reformed City Hofpital German Lutheran Friends ditto CityHofpital ift Prefbyterian City Hofpital German Lutheran ditto St. Mary's ditto 3d Prefbyterian Chrift Church St. Mary's Swedes City Hofpital ditto ditto V Vail Wilmas, September sg City Hofpital Valentine Mrs.her child, Valentine, Ofto'ber 1 ditto Vallance captain Nicholas, Auguft 15- 3d Prefbvterian Vallance Mrs. Oftober 4 ift Prefbyterian Vallance Matthew, Auguft 31 City Hofpital Vance Jacob, September 17 2d Prefbyterian Vandergrift Jacob, ditto 27 City Hofpital Vanderen Elizabeth, Oftober 11 ditto Vanderhuval Frederick, ditto ig ditto Vandersfuft Abraham, Auguft 27 ditto Vanderflaurg John, ditto 19 ditto Vandine YACy, September 22 ditto Vandines George, a black child, Oftober 10 ditto Vandiver Grace, September 5 St. Paul's Vauhorn Benjamin, September 16 Kenfington Vanhoven Frederick Jacobus Van Kempen Johannes Roque, a child, Auguft 6 St. Mary's Vanleer Dr. his fon, Oftober Univerfalifts LIST OF DEATHS- ( V W Van Phul William, Efq. September Van Phul William, Efq. his fon, ditto Vanfeiver Jacob, his widow, ditto s Varden William, a child, ditto it Varner Sarah, Oftober 14 Vauclery Gabriel, Auguft 13 Vaulbach Jacob, Oftober Vanghan John, September 20 Vegneran Amelia, Oftober e6 Veuack Thomas, September 19 Vining Catherine, Auguft 31 Vizer Sufannah, September 21 Voight Henry, ditto 28 Voight Chriftian, ditto 29 Voight Barbara, Oftober 1 Voigrath Mrs. her child, ditto Volkrant Mr. September w German Reformed ditto Kenfington St. Mary's" ditto City Hofpital German Reformed City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto German Lutheran Trinity ditto ditto G.-erman Reformed ditto Walne Thomas, his child, Auguft 17 Wainwright Samuel, his daughter, November 3 Walker Jofeph, September 18 Walker Tacy, ditto 25 Walker James, his child, Auguft 30 Walker John, his wife, Oftober 10 Walker John, his child, September 21 Walker John, corder, ditto 3 Walker Bridget, Auguft 17 Walker John, his wife, September 5 Wall Charles, his wife, ditto 8 Do. ditto, his fon, ditto 10 Wallace Samuel, Oftober 14 Wallace Mary, September 7 Wallace Robert, his grand.child, ditto 18 Ditto ditto, ditto ditto 22 Walfli Richard, ditto 4 Walfli Ann, ditto 22 Walfh Patrick, a child, ditto eS Walfh James, ditto go Walfh Mary, Auguft 29 Walfh Elizabeth, September j6 Walfn Mary, ditto 6 Weaver Abraham, ditto 11 V/atkim William, ditto 16 Weaver Henry, ditto 16 Weyfisnfield Elizabeth, ditto 10 Walton Sarah, Auguft 26 WaUon Samuel, a child, September 9 Wcrd Mark, ditto 1 "Vv^bfter--------, ditto 17 Ward Elizabeth, ditto 27 "Warnek* James, ditto 8 frVaring Ifaac, ditto ?a 3d Prefbyterian Friends ditto ditto Kenfington ditto St. Mary's Baptifts City Hofpital Baptifts ditto ditto Friends City Hofpital ift Prefbyterian ditto Et. Mary's ditto ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto Friends City Hofpital ditto Chrift Church City Hofpital Frjends (W) LIST OF DEATHS. Warner John, Oftober 26 Waters James, his child, Auguft 11 Watt Aaron, September 14 Watters James, publiflier Weekly Magazine, Watkins Sarah, ditto 2 Watfon captain, his wife, ditto9 Way George, jun. Auguft 25 Watfon Mr. his wife, September Way jane, ditto 28 Wetherill Francis, Auguft 29 Weaver Matthias, September 18 Weber John, his fon, ditto Ditto widow, her fon, ditto Ditto Joft. ditto Weilds Hannah, ditto 3 Weber Joft, ditto Ditto do. his wife, ditto Weifbach Mary, ditto 25 Weldon Alexander, his wife, Oftober 12 Welcome Jofeph, September 19 Wells Lydia, ditto 2 Wetterftim Catherina, ditto Wells Edward, his daughter, ditto 1 Weft Thomas, Auguft Wheaton Amos, fen. his wife, September 30 Wheeler William, Oftober 3 Whelan John, September 9 Warton George, ditto 13 White Richard, ditto 28 White William, his child, ditto 4 Ditto ditto, ditto 14 White Mr. ditto 20 White Ifaac, fhip-carpenter, his fifter, ditto 9 White William, of TJ. S. frigate, his daughter, White Mrs. ditto 11 «^ White'fhomas, merchant,ditto 2 Ditto ditto, ditto 12 Whitehead William, ditto 3 Whitehead John, grocer, ditto 2 Ditto do. his wife, ditto 4 Wild Thomas, Auguft 36 Wicker Ann, ditto 30 WhitemanStophel, September 12 Whitlock John, Auguft 23 Wiefeman George, September Wickerfham William, ditto 16 Wieler John, his child, ditto Widerfpriger John, ditto 4 Wieler John, a child, ditto Wild Jofeph, his wife, ditto so" Wild Mrs. Auguft at Wild Jofeph, his fon, September 2.6 Wild Jofeph, ditto 27 Wilds Mifs, ditto 9 Wildworth Elizabeth, ditto 30 Friends ditto City Hofpital dow 1 St. Mary's City Hofpital 3d Prefbyterian Chrift Church German Reformed Chrift Church City Hofpital ditto German Reformed ditto ditto City Hofpital German Reformed ditto Kenfington ditto St. Mary's City Hofpital German Reformed Friends German Reformed Baptifts City Hofpital St. Mary's City Hofpital ditto 3d Prefbyterian City Hofpital 3d Prefbyterian Baptifts do. 17Chrift Church 2d Prefbyterian Affociate City Hofpital ditto Scots Prefbyterian ditto City Hofpital ditto Kenfington City Hofpital German Reformed Friends German Reformed City Hofpital German Reformed Friends City Hofpital Friends ditto Methodifts City Hofpital LIST OF DEATHS- (W) Wiley Richard, his daughter, Sept. qo Wilkes James, Oftober 5 Will Nancy, ditto Wilkins captain, his daughter, September Williams David, his wife, ditto i5 Williams Chriftopher, ditto 26 Williams Thsmas, November 8 Williams Robert, his wife, September 20 Williams Jacob, Auguft 30 Wilkin William, ditto 27 Williams Adam, September 8 Williams Mary, ditto 11 Williams Henrietta, Oftober 4 Williams Jofeph, his daughter, September 30 Williainfon Sarah, (Eaftburn) Auguft 26 Willis Mary, widow of Seth, September 22 Wilfon Hugh,ditto 21 Wills Mary, Auguft 24 Wilfon Hugh, his wife, September 27 Wilfon ——, from Shippen-ftreet, Oftober 1 Wilfon Hugh, his child, Oftober 12 Do. do. do. ditto 18 W7ilfon Mr. his child, ditto 5 Wilfon George, September 11 Wilfon Henrietta, ditto 8 Wilfon Mrs. ditto 26 Wimer Mr. Oftober 6 Winkler Frederick, his wife, Auguft 27 Winkloe Frederick, ditto 26 Winkler Mary, September 10 Wind John, a child, Auguft Wolfe Michael, September to Wifdom William, Auguft 28 Witt Francis, Auguft 25 Wood Benjamin, September 6 Wolfe Michael, ditto 7 Wood George, Auguft 16 Wolverton George, September 8 Wood Mary, Auguft 19 Wood William, September 10 Woodfide Sarah, ditto 14 Woodward Anthony, Oftober 14 Wooden Sarah, September 11 Woos Mr. Oftober 5 Work Mary, September a Works George, ditto 10 Wray Andrew, his daughter, Auguft 22 Wray Andrew, his w ii'e, ditto 26 Wright Mary, September 7 Wright John, ditto 8 Wright Thomas, dittog Wright William, Auguft 22 Wyet John, ditto 26 Chrift Church City Hofpital German Reformed Univerfalifts Swedes St. Mary's Friends Swedes City Hofpital •ditto ditto African Church City Hofpital Friends ditto Friends 3d Prefbyterian City Hofpital 3d Prefbyterian ditto ditto ditto ift Prefbyterian City Hofpital St. Peter's 2d Prefbyterian Swedes Kenfington City Hofpital Kenfington German Reformed City Hofpital St. Paul's City Hofpital St. Paul's City Hofpital Swedes City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto African Church City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto 3d Prefbyterian ditto St. Mary's ditto ditto Free Quakers Keniiiwton fYZ) LIST OF DEATHS. Yakart Sarah, September 10 Yard Sarah, wife of Edward Yard Mary, Oftober 13 Yard John, September 11 Yarwood Mary Ann, ditto 28 Yefterday Catherine, Oftober 17 Yeckel Anthony, Auguft 2 Yondez Francis, September 21 Yondez Elizabeth, ditto23 Yorkfon Francis, ditto 8 Yoft Juftis, Oftober 13 Young William, his wife, ditto 3 Young George, September 2,0 Young Catherine, Auguft 28 Young Jacob, September 15 Young Francis, ditto 25 Young Ann, ditto 17 Yonng Francis, ditto 2 Young widow, Auguft 26 Young Philip, his child, Augtift 30 Young Philip, Oftober 1 Young Chriftian, his wife, ditto 13 Young Daniel, ditto 28 Young Elizabeth, ditto 26 Young Peter, his daughter, ditto 21 Young Elizabeth, ditto :6 Young Catherine, ditto 17 Young Rogers, September ej Young Rogers, ditto ly City Hofpital Univerfalifts City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto Trinity German Lutheran ditto St. Paul's City Hofpital 3d Prefbyterian Baptifts Trinity ditto ditto ditto ditto ©erman Lntheran <3# ditto ^ ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto Zellinger Elizabeth, Oftober 21 City Hofpital Zean Rebecca, wife of Jonathan, Auguft 21 Friends Zelier Philip, Oftober ' German Reformed Zerban Wendel, his daughter, September 27 German Lutheran Zerban Wand el, inn-keeper, ditto German Reformed Zimmerman John, Oftober ditto Zimmerman George Henry, ditto 16 City Hofpital Interments of perfons whofe names are unknown. AUGUST. A French child, Auguft 4 St. Mary's A woman from John Peckworth's, ditto 9 Baptift Ilichard (a blackj ditto 13 City Hofpital Apprentice of Jofeph Wright, ditto 16 St. Peter's A grown perfon, ditto 22 Swedes A young male child, ditto 2\ ditto S E P T E M B E R. Three perfons, Auguft 24 CityUtfpital A twin child from North-Alley, ditto 25 St. Feter's Adelaid, a child, ditto 26 St. Mary's A grown perfon, ditto 26 Swedes Two negro children, ditto 2 7 City Hofpital A woman from Jofeph Clarks, ditto 28 Chrift Church Apprentice of John Naglee, ditto 28 German Lutheran Catherine, from Pear-ftreet, ditto 28 City Hofpital Catherine, a grown perfon, ditto 30 ditto Two perfons from North Water-ftreet, ditto 31 ditto John, from the Difpenfary ditto Apprentice of Daniel Hartung German Reformed A child ditto SEPTEMBER. Elizabeth, from No. 235, South Second-ft. Sept. 1 City Hofpital Apprentice of Daniel Cartright, ditto 1 St. Paul's A woman from No 78, Spruce-ftreet, ditto 2 City Hofpital A woman found dead on the commons, ditto 2 ditto Robert, from Water below South-ftreet, ditto 3 ditto Daughter of Mr. Bingham's houfekeeper, ditto 3 St. Peter's Polly from Mr. Bingham's, ditto 3 City Hofpital Charles, ditto 3 ditto Thomas (a black), ditto 3 ditto James from No. 93, South Second-ftreet, ditto 4 ditto A perfon from Matters' Place, ditto 5 ditto Charlotte, ditto 5 ditto Apprentice of John Naglee, ditto 5 German Lutheran A young man from the Difpenfary, ditto 6 3d Prefbyterian Michael, from Elbow-Lane, ditto 7 City Hofpital Sarah (a black), ditto 8 ditto A drowned man, ditto 8 ditto A woman from the Pennfylvania Hofpital, ditto 9 ditto Mate of a veffel from German-ftreet, ditto 10 3d Prefbyterian A man from Germany, ditto German Reformed A French child, ditto 12 City Hofpital A grown perfon, ditto 13 ditto A black woman from Mrs. Richards', ditto 14 ditto A child from the Orphan-houfe, ditto 15 ditto A perfon from the Schuylkill tents, ditto 16 ditto A man from the Alms-houfe, ditto 7 ditto A woman from ditto, ditto 13 ditto Two children from ditto, ditto 16 ditto A man from ditto, ditto 17 ditto A mulatto child from ditto, ditto 18 ditto A child from ditto, ditto 18 ditto A perfon from No. 142, North Third-ftreet, ditto 17 ditto A perfon from the Northern Liberties, ditto 16 ditto A child from the Orphan-houfe, ditto 17 ditto Thomas from Second below Chriftian-flreet, ditto 16 ditto A man from Thomas Rhoads', ditto 17 ditto Kattie, ditto 19 ditto Chloe from Bloody-Lane, ditto 19 ditto Hannah (a bla'ck) ditto 20 ditta SEPTEMBER. A man ibund dead atNo.i7i,N. Second-ft. Sept.20 City Another man found dead at ditto, ditto 21 A child from the Alms-Houfe, ditto 21 A perfon from No. 82, North Fourth-ft. ditto 20 A woman,.ditto 20 A perfon from Schuylkill tents, ditto 20 Charlie from the city, ditto 23 A woman from the Alms-Houfe, ditto 23 A woman from the city, ditto 23 A perfon found dead in Eighth-itreet, between Race and Vine, ditto 23 A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 22 A woman from th? Alms-Houfe, ditto 2s A child found dead near Potter's field, ditto 25 A perfon from the city, ditto 25 A failor from Huuiphreys' wharf, ditto a 5 A child from the Orphan-Houfe, ditto 24 Apprentice fro.:; Catherine Cooper's, ditto 26 Frances from Mr. Low's, ditto 26 A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 26 A perfon from the Alms-Houfe, ditto 27 A child from Noole-ftreet, ditto 27 A man from a fhallop near the Swedes' church, ditto 27 A man found dead on the wharf below Mr. Wharton's compting houfe, ditto 27 A man from Cherry.Alley, ditto 27 A perfon from the Orphan-Houfe A foldier from Pennfylvania Hofpital, ditto 27 A woman from Hannah Fritz's, ditto 27 Servant man of George Lefsher, ditto 27 George fa bir.cic boy), ditto 28 Jeanie, ditto 28 A child from the Alms-Houfe, ditto 29 A child from the Orphan-Houfe, ditto 29 Mary, fervant of l.lc. Deanes, ditto 29 A lad from widow Henderfon's, ditto 29 Viftor, a French child, September 29 A woman from Anthony Morris', ditto 30 A grown perfon, ditto 30 A man from Fr^nicfcrd road, ditto30 A perfon from Schuylkill tents, ditto 30 OCTOBER. P.?.ter (a black), Oftober 1 ditto Roffannah (a nmllato), ditto 1 ditto A child from Frankford, ditto A man from the corner of 4th and Plumb ftreet, do..i ditto A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 1 ditto A child from the Orplian-Ko::Ie, ditto 2 ditto Apprentice of Jacob Weaver's, j;tto 2 Kenfington Aj.pi-entice of Valentine Hoffman's, ditto 3 German Lutheran Nancy from Polly M'Cartey's, ditto 4 City Hofpital A child from the Orphan-Houfe, ditto 5 ditto A child from the Alms-Hot:fe, ditto 3 ditto A man from ditto, ditto 5 ditto Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto OCTOBER. A child from the Alms Houfe, Oftober 5 CityHofpital A woman from ditto, ditto 7 (aged 106 years) ditto Two women from ditto ditto 7 ditto A child from ditto, ditto 9 ditto An old man from ditto, ditto 10 ditto A child from ditto, ditto 13 ditto Hannah from 8th above Chefnut ftreet, ditto 11 ditto A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 13 ditto A child from the Orphan-Houfe, ditto 14 ditto A woman from the city, ditto 13 ditto A woman from the Northern Lberties, ditto 18 ditto A woman found dead in a houfe, corner of 8th and Ship- pen ftreet, ditto 16 ditto A child from the Alms- Houfe, ditto 20 ditto An apprentice of William Coates, ditto 42 ditto Hannah, (a negro) ditto 23 ditto Hannah, (a black) ditto 20 ditto John, a child, ditto 23 ditto A fervant girl of Peter Och, German Lutheran Robert, from Camptown, ditto 22 City Hofpital Woman from Chales Telghman's, ditto 25 ditto Jane, (a black) dtto 27 ditto A. perfon from Mailers' place ditto 28 ditto A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 29 ditto A child fromthe Orphan-Houfe, ditto 25 ditto A black woman from the Alms-Houle, ditto 27 ditto A child from the Orphan Houfe, ditto 31 ditto Ifaac, from the Pennfylvania Hofpital, ditto NOVEMBER. A child from Schuylkill tents, November 1 A woman from the Alms-Houfe, ditto 1 A man from ditto, ditto 1 An apprentice of Daniel Hartung, ditto A perfon from John Mearn.'s, ditto 4 Robert, (a black man) ditto 5 A child from the Orphan Houfe, ditto 2 Ditto ditto, ditto 9 A woman from Schuylkill tents, ditto 3 A child from ditto, ditto 7 A perfon from the city, ditto 6 A black child from South wark, ditto 15 A woman from the Alms H>ufe, ditto 2 A child from ditro, ditto 9 Three perfons from ditto, ditto 10 A child from ditto, ditto 15 A black woman from ditto, ditto 15 German Ci The mate of the Aurora, July 27th. A negro girl from the Marine hofpital, July 14th. A perfonfrom the fhip N'cftor, July 29:11. I aitto ditto ditto Reformed ty Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto NAMES OMITTED. Benjamin Jones, June 2 Mark Millar, July 2 John Naglee, pilot, ditto 28 James Roland, pilot, ditto 29 Hiigh Dowel, printer, ditto 29 George Ralfton, ditto 30 Frederick Snyder, Auguft 15 John Lincoln, ditto 2 Sarah Newton, ditto 2 William Adams's fon, ditto 4 Elizabeth Dewalt, ditto 6 John Morris's daughter, ditto 7 Magdalane Bernhart, ditto 9 Eliza Crumpfield, ditto 10 John Afh, ditto 11 Solomon Steneman's child, 16 John Tutton, ditto 20 Jofeph Douglafs, Auguft William Griffiths, bookfeller, ditto Mr. North, clerk in the war-office, ditte James Stewart's fon, ditto James Dunn, ditto James Wilfon, ftone-cutter, ditto Ditto, his wife, ditto David Hampton, ftone-cutter, ditto Widow Gentle, ditto Ditto, her daughter, ditto Mrs M'Klentick's daughter, ditto George Wilfon, baker, ditto Martin Haws, ditto Mr. Kinnard's fon, ditto Mrs Kingfton's daughter, ditto John Sitgrieves, September 3 Frederick Kammerer, ditto 5 Henry Underwick, ditto j Henry Heineman, ditto 7 Widow Mynnich, ditto 17 Mrs. Taylor, ditto 17 Elizabeth Utchell, ditto 21 James Johnfton, baker, ditto Mrs. Kerr, wife of James, ditto Thomas Ryan's child, ditto Alexander Urquhart's child, ditto Mary Fogie, widow, Oftober 3 Orpheus Reemer, ditto 4 Free Quakers German Reformed Free Quakers German Reformed Free Quakers German Reformed ditto ditto Free Quakers St. Peter's ift Prefbyterian ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto dtto ditto ditto Univerfalifts ditto German Lutheran Kenfington German Reformed ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto ift Prefbyterian ditto 2d Prefbyterian Swedes ditto NAMES O Edward Yard's wife, Oftober 21 John Gould's widow, d>tto 25 Richard Mnfely's child, ditto 27 John Merriam's child, ditto 29 Jacob Stinemeyers, ditto 31 Mathias Baltz Ditto, his wife, James Crawford, printer, Margaret Corbet, November 1 David Todd, ditto Edward Carrol, ditto Samuel Chambers, ditto 15 Alexander Bilfland, ditto Margaret Emery, ditto 4 Henry Townfeiid's child, ditto 5 John M'Donald, ditto 8 Ifaac Wetherill's fon, ditto Captain Refide's fon, ditto 26 I T T S D. Free Quakers ditto St. Paul's Baptift: German Lutheran German Reformed ditto City Hofpital Chrift Church 2d Prefbyterian ditto ^ ditto ditto Moravian Baptift Free Quakers ditto St. Peter's In all 3,521 Names. OCTOBER. A child from the Alms Houfe, Oftober 5 CityHofpital A woman from ditto, ditto 7 (aged 106 years) ditto Two women from ditto ditto 7 ditto A child from ditto, ditto 9 ditto An old man fronv ditto, ditto 10 ditto A child from ditto, ditto 13 ditto Hannah from 8th above Chefnut ftreet, ditto u ditto A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 13 ditto A child from the Orphan-Houfe, ditto 14 ditto A woman from the city, ditto 13 ditto A woman from the Northern Liberties, ditto 18 ditto A woman found dead in a houfe, corner of 8th and Ship- pen ftreet, ditto 16 A child from the Alms-Houfe, ditto 20 An apprentice of William Coates, ditto as Hannah, (a negr') dtto 23 Hannah, (a black) ditto 20 John, a child, ditto 23 A fervant girl of Peter Och, Robert, from Camptown, ditto 22 Woman from Chales Telghman's, ditto 25 Jane, (a black) ditto 27 A perfon from Mailers' place ditto 2S A child from Schuylkill tents, ditto 29 A child from the Orphan-Houfe, ditto 25 A black woman from the Alms-Houfe, ditto 27 A child from the Orphan-Houfe, ditto 31 Ifaac, from the Pennfylvania Hofpital, ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto German Lutheran City Hofp'Uiil ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto NOVEMBER. A child from Schuylkill tents, November 1 A woman from the Alms-Houfe, ditto 1 A man from ditto, ditto 1 An apprentice of Daniel Hartung, ditto A perfon from John Mearns's, ditto 4 Robert, (a black man) ditto 5 A child from the Orphan Houfe, ditto 2 Ditto ditto, ditto 9 A woman from Schuylkill tents, ditto 3 A child from ditto, ditto 7 A perfon from the city, ditto 6 A black child from South wark, ditto 15 A woman from the Alms-Houfe, ditto 2 A child from ditto, ditto 9 Three perfons from ditto, ditto 10 A child from ditto, ditto 15 A black woman from ditto, ditto 15 ditto ditto ditto German Reformed City Hofpital ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto The mste of the Aurora, July 27th A negro girl fsom the Marine Hofpital, July 14th. A perfon from the flfp Neftor, July 29th. y ih I) >wel, pri uter, ditto 29 Geoi<" R'V'"on d.trogn Fredei .i.-x Suyd r, fl uguft 15 John Lincoln, d ; ro 2 Sarah Newton, (Lrro a Wi limn Adams': fin, ditto 4 Eliz beth Dewalt, ditto 6 John Morris's daughter, ditto 7 Magdalane Bernhart, ditti 9 Eliza Cmmpfield, ditio 10 John Afh, d:.to 11 Solomon Steneman's child, 16 Jchn Tutton, ditto 20 Jofeph Douglafs, Auguft William Griffiths, bookfeller, ditto Mr. North, clerk in the war-office, ditto James Stewart's fon, ditto James Dunn, ditto James Wilfon, ftone-cutter, ditto Ditto, his wife, ditto David Hampton, ftone-cutter, ditto Widow Gentle, ditto Ditto, her daughter, ditto Mrs M'Klentick's daughter, ditto George Wilfon, baker, ditto M rtin Haws, ditto Mr. Kinnard's fon, ditto Mrs Ki'gfton's daughter, ditto John Sit^rieves, September 3 Frederick Kammerer. ditto 5 Henry Underwkk, ditto 5 Henry Heineman, ditto 7 Widow Mynnich, ditto 17 Mrs. Taylor, ditto 17 Elizabeth Utchell. ditto 21 Tames Johnlton, baker, ditto Mrs. Kerr wife of James, ditto Thomas R\an's chi d, ditto Alexander Urquhart's child, ditto Mary Fogie, widow, Oftober 3 Orpheus Reemer, ditto 4 Free Quakers German Reformed Free Quakers German Reformed Free Quakers German Reformed ditto ditto Free Quakers St. Peter's ift Prefbyterian ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto Univerfalifts ditto German Lutheran Kenfington German Reformed ditto City Hofpital ditto ditto ift Prefbyterian ditto id Prefbyterian Swedes ditto NAMES OMITTED. rfi .•IV fy. Edward Yard's wife, Oftober n John Gould's widow, ditto 25 Richard Mofely's child, ditto 27 John Merriam's child, ditto 29 Jacob Stinemeyers, ditto 31 Mathias Baltz Ditto, his wife, James Crawford, printer, Margaret Corbet, November 1 David Todd, ditto Edward Carrol, ditto Samuel Chambers, ditto 15 Alexander Bilfland, ditto Margaret Emery, ditto 4 Henry Townfend's child, ditto 5 John M'Donald, ditto 8 Ifaac Wetherill's fon, ditto Captain Refide's fon, ditto 26 Free Quakers ditto St. Paul's Baptift German Lutheran German Reformed ditto City Hofpital Chrift Church «d Prefbyterian ditto ditto ditto Moravian Baptift Free Quakers ditto St. Peter's In all 3,521 Names. Me.cL.HKst-