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JOSEPH HILL HUNT, M. D.,
   Librarian of the Society. 1886-90;
      President. 1898-99;
    and one of its benefactors.
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APR 1 0 194b_ 
V"*
    VALUABLE COLLECTION

                        Jos. H. Hunt. M.
                    OP c. Bedford Ay. M2uinc*^
                           BROOKLYN, N, Y.7-'
             RECEIPTS,   K

      WITH REMARKS ON INi%NTS, MOTHERS &a

    FEVER AND AGUE, DIGGING OF WELLS &c.


TO WHICH IS ADDEt) A TREATISE ON THE DISEASES,


       MOST PREVALENT

                  IN THE

        UNITED STATES.



     COMPILED FROM THE MOST APPROVED


          MEDICAL. WRF
                          r V
           FOR THE USE
^PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM A. BRUCIf.
PRINTED AT THE QJFICE OP THE RAXLADOttT.
NEW-I^SBON OHIO.

     W3Q, 
V
                                   I>I6TRICT OF OHIO, ss.
~ BE IT REMEMBERED, That, on the twenty third day of December, in the
iifty-hi'h year of (he Independence of the  United States of America; in the
year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and thirty, William A. Bruck,of
the said  District hath deposited in this office, the title of a book, the right where-
of he claims as proprietor in the words following to wit:—
     "A valuable collection of RECEIPTS, with remarks on infants, mothers
&c.   Fever and Ague.  Digging of Wells &c.  To which is added a treatise
on the Diseases most prevalent in the United States; compiled from the most
approved Medical Writers for the use of families."
  In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States intitled "An act*'
for the encouragement of learning by  securing the copies of maps, charts and
books to  the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the time therein men-
tioned."   And also to the act, intitled "An act supplementary  to an act,  inti-
tled "An act for the encouragement of learning by securing the copies of maps,
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therein mentioned" and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing.
engraving and etching historical and other prints.
                                         Attest WILLIAM MINER
                                   Clerk t>f the'District of Ohio.
'■Pfi
- w           "<*c <
x^/brt;o'
s  %> 
JKraODUCTIOK
  The publisher of this little work,  feeling confident that, great benefit would
iiise to hi* fellow being*.(particulurly to many in remote situations)by a gen-
eral distribution of so valuable a work as a family companion, by which dollars
may be saved in the course of one year by the study and perusal of it, and the
timely application of the remedies therein prescribed.
  As"medical works are  generally  sold higlur than  other publications; they
are oh that account not so common as they should be in families.
  The present work thou^li brief is comprehensive and suited to every  capaci-
ty and is offered at the trilling price  of  twenty  five cents a copy to subscribers
and thirty one and a fonrlh cents to nonsubscribers, which will place  it with-
in the reach of every head of a family.


                  APPENDIX TO THE INTRODUCTION,
                       THE BEGINNING OF LIFE.


   Nature not only points out the food fit for infancy, but kindly prepares if
 When the babe just born  into the world, is applied to its mother's bosom, it ia
 first agreeably affected by warmth; next it is delighted  with  the odour of  the
 milk; then gratified by the flavor of it; afterwards,  the appetites of hunger and
 of thirst afford pleasure by the possession of their object, and by the subsequent
 digestion of the aliment; and lastly, the sense of touch is delighted by the soft-
 ness and  smoothness of the milky fountain, which  the innocent embraces with
 its hands, presses with its  lips, and watches with its eyes.  Satisfied, it smiles
 at the enjoyment of such a variety of pleasures.  It feels an animal attraction,
 which is love; a gratification when the object  is present,a desire when it is  ab-
 sent, which constitutes the present source ot human felicity,the cordial drop in
 the otherwise vapid cup of life, overpaying  the fond mother for all her solici-
 tude and cares.
   A mother who abandons the fruit of her womb,  as soon as  it is born, to  the
sole  care  of a hireling,  hardly deserves that tendei  appellation.  Nothing can.
be so preposterous and unnatural, as  a mother abandoning  the care  of her
child. Ifwe search  nature  throughout,we cannot find a parallel.  Every other
animal is  the nuree of its own offspring, which thrives accordingly.
  Heaven has imprinted on the mother's face something which  claims kindred
with the skies.  The waking, watchful eye, which keeps  its tireless vigils over
her slumbering child—the tender look and the angelic smile, are objects  which
neither the pencil nor the chisel can reach, and which poetry fails in attempt-
ing to portray—upon the eulogies otyhe most eloquent tongue,  we should find
fel'd vrri'/.er..   li is intbc sympathies of the heart alone, where lies the  love'y 
picture, & the eye may look abroad in vain for the counter part of the works of
art!
  A mother's love! O what a joy  is in  the sound—entwined around our very
souls in our earliest years—we  cling to it in manhood, and almost worship at
its shrine in old age.  To use the language of a celebrated writer, we may say
that, he who can approach the cradle of sleeping innocence, without thinking,
'•of such  is the kingdom of heaven"—or  view the fond parent hang over its
beauties, and half retain her breath lest she break its slumbers—without a ven-
eration beyond all common feelings,  is to be avoided in every intercourse  in
life,  und is fit only  for the shadow of darkness and  the solitude of deserts"
  It is in infancy  and early age that the foundation is laid for the many disea-
ses arising from indigestion, found in almost every  family.  If children be  fed
immoderately the first passages become too n'iuehdisterided,_atid the stomach,
by degrees, acquires an unnatural craving for food, which  must  ~e  satisfied,
whatever be the consequences.
  Those excessive supplies are not only unnecessary, but produce the most se
rious and fatal disorders.—
  There is a certain relation subsisting between  what is taken  in, and what i&
lost  by the body;  if we eat and drink  much, we likewise lose much, without
gaining any more by it than we might do by moderate meals.  Eating too  much
retards the growth, aud eventually diminishes Jie digestive powers of the stern
ach.  Nature is easily satisfied, and is always best provided if we do not ob-
trude upon her more than she is accustomed to.   Ifwe have, for some time ta-
ken  little nourishment, nature becomes so habituated to it, that we  feel  indis-
posed as soon  as the usual measure is transgressed, and both the stomach and
Us digestive powers are thereby impaired.
   It would be impossible to lay down fixed rules, whereby to determine the sa-
lubrity or insalubrity of aliments, with respect to the individual.
   Experience i-, indeed, our chief guide upon this subject; for such is the pe-
culiarity of constitution, that, the  same article which will nourish and perfect-
ly agree with one person, would prove highly pernicious to another.   Let us
therefore, in the selection of our food, adopt that which long and careful  obser-
vation has confirmed to be salutary and avoid those things, however tempting
to the palate, which we know to be injurious.                               3
   There are however, articles of diet obviously improper to every one- which
though they may  not manifest their  ill effects immediately, vet, nevertheless'
undermine and break down by gradual operation, the vigor of our svstems  and
entail upon us with certainty, a train  of chronic  disorders,  of all" others the
most troublesome  and difficult to cure.
   The articles of this description are all high-seasoned dishes, and those  which
are composed  of a great variety of ingredients.   People in health require no ex
citement to the relish ot good and wholesome meat, ana to those in the oddc-
Site  state, the luxuries of the table are poisojis.                           PP^
   It was a common  saying among the ancients, that acute diseases are from
heaven and chrome from ourselves.  To die, says Dr. Johnson, is the  fate of
man;but to die with lingering anguish, is generally his own folly.   Iuactn i*
never fails to  induce an universal relaxatfon of the contractile fibres   W en 
[5]
  Lt is impossible to enpy health where the perspiratiou also {* not duly ear*
tied on; and Unit can never be the case, where exercise is neglected'
  Indolence wftcn cremates from a mistaken education in which pleasure or
flatten* is made  the immediate motive of action, and not future advantage, or
what is termed uuty.  This observation is ol great value to  those who attend ;c
the education ot their children.  1 have  seen says Dr. Darwin, one or two
yonng married ladies of fortune, who perpetually became uneasy, and believed
themselves ii!,a week after their arrival  in the country, and continued so uni-
formly during their stay ; yet, on their return to London  or Rath, immediately
h,*t ail their complaints.   1 was led to ascribe this to their being surrounded in
infancy with menial attendants, and that, in riper years, they  became t< rpid
tor want  of this  stimulous, and would not amuse themsolve by any voluntary
employment; requiting ever after either to  be amused  by other people, or to
be flattered into  activity.
   Dr. Johnson,  says,''whenever chance brings within my observation a  knot
of young lad;es, busy at their needles, 1 consider myself as in the school of vir-
tue; and  though 1 have no extraordinary s-kiil in plain  woik or embroidery,  I
Took upon this operation with as much satisfaction as their governess, because  I
regard them as providing  a security  against the most dangerous ensnu-
rersof the soul, by enabling themselves, to exclude idleness from their solitary.
moments, and with idleness its attendant train of passions, fancies, chimeras,
sorrows and desires." *
  If sedentan employments be intermixed with a due quantity of exrecise, ther
will never injure heabli.
   Weak  fibres  are the constant companions of inactivity.  Nothing but daily
exercise in the open air can brace and strengthen  the powers of the stomach;
and prevent an endless train of diseases, which proceed from a relaxed state of
that organ.  We seldom hear the activeand laborious, complain oi'nenous dis-
eases; which are reserved for the sous ot idleness.
   Idleness is a servile, weak and degenerate habit, that of the mind bein«* worse
than  that of the body.
   Ne;:t to exercise is cleanliness in our habits and dress; as a writer observes:.
cleanliness may be considered the grand secret of preserving beautv, as well as
promoting health; and therefore is applicable to all ages and sexes, it maintains
the limbs in their pliancy; the skin in its softness; the complexion in its lustre,
the eyes in their brightness; the teeth  in their purits; and the constitution iu
its fairest vigor.
   Cleanliness is certainly agreeable to our nature.  It sooney attracts our re-
gard  than finery itself,  and  often gains esteem when that tails.   It is an or-
nament to the highest, as  well as  the lowest situation, and cannot be dispens-
cd with in either.

                            TO PARENTS.                   '
  ♦Consider,  thou who art a parent, the importance of thy trust.  The  being
whom thou hast produced it is thy duty to support.  Upon thee,  also, it de^
pendeth, whether the child of thy bosom shall be a blessing or a curse to thy.
self—a useful or a worthless member of the  community.   Prepare him early
with instruction, and season his mind early with the maxims of truth—watch
tho bent of his  inclination, set hiui right in  his youth, and let  no evii habit
gim  strength  with his years,—So shall he rise like a cedar on the mountain.
H 'i head shall be sseaabove the trees of the  forest.  The soil  i< thm--^-*-___ 
L«5
                           DlSEAbES OF THE MLM).



                               HYPOCHONDRIAC.
         'Is moslly con fined to those ofa  sedentary or studious disposition, especially
      such as Ii.lvh indulged grief or anxiety.
         CACHES.  Indolence—Violent passions of the mind—suppression  otY-jsto-
      mary evacuations—obstruction of seme of the viscera, &c.  but its  immediate
      cause appears to be a loss of energy in the brain,  or  torpid state of the nervous
      system.
       ' The cure of this  disease seems to depend on exciting the  nervous energy
      which is depressed, and that particularly  by attending toihe state of the mind,
         A constant state of motion shonld therefore be advised, especially on horse-
    '  back, and making long journies which present new ot jeets to view.
         Nothing is more pernicious in this disease than  idleness; but in avoiding it,
      anolicatbm  to former studies  are to be  prevented.   Raiilery  must never be
      attempted.   Prom this supposed bodily affection,  the mind should be diverted
      by employments suitable to the circumstances and situation in life, and unat-
      tended  with much emotion, anxiety and fatigue.
        The symptoms of indigestion, and hysteric complaints that attend this state of
      the mind, require the same mode  of treatment recommended  for  indigestion
      and hysteric disease.
        REGIME.N.  A  proper diet constitutes an essential part  in the treatment of
      this malady.  In general light animal food is what alone agrees with such pa-
      tients; for there are few, if any, vegetables which do not prove flatulent in  their
      bowels.   Acids are particularly injurious.  A'l malt liquors, except porter arc
      aot to excite too high a fermentation in the stomach.
        Some hypochondriacs have fancied themselves  miserably afflicted  in ono
      wav, and some in in anoher.   Some have insisted that they were tea pots; and
      some, that they were Town Clocks,—this that he  had a big belly, and that his
      ;e*s were glass—one that he was extremely  ill, and that he was actually d\ ing..
   t     The follow ing  anecdote is related by Dr. Stevenson, of Baltimore,  of a pa-
,/» .  ticnt of his, afflicted with this disease of the mind.  After ringing the changes
 vV   on every mad conceit that ever  tormented  a crazy brain, would have it at last
      that he was dead, actually dead*
        Dr. Stevenson having  been sent for one morning in great  haste, by the wife
      of his patient, hastened to his bed side, where  he found him stretched out at
      full length, his hands across his  breast, his  great toes in contact, his eyes and
      mouth closely shut,and his looks cadaverous.
        Well, sir, how do you do?  How  do you this morning?" asked Dr. Stevenson,
      in his blustering jocular way, "a pretty question to ask a dead man!"   "De.m"
      replied the doctor.   *'Ycs, sir, dead, quite dead.   I died last night about twelve
      o'clock."
       Qmck as lightning, Dr. Stevenson, caught his cue, which was to strike him

     Let it not want cultivation,  The seed which thou sowest, that  also shall thou
      reap.  A wicked son in a reproach to his  father; but  he that doeth right is an
     noncr to his grey hairs.   Teach him obedic.ice ami he shall i ;ess thee.   Teach
     him modify, and he ehall not. be ashamed.  Teach him gratitude, and he shall 
m
 on the string of his character; on which the Doctor happily recollected in; wa-»
 very tender.   IT.ving ';ently put his hand on the forehead of the Hypochondri-
 ac,'as if to ascertain whether it was cold, and also lelthis pulse, he  exclaimed
 in dreadful note, " \ es the  poor man is dead enough—it is all over with him,
 and now the  sooner he can  be buried the better."  Then  stepping up to his wife
 and  whispering her  not to  be frightened at the measures he was about to take,
 he called to the servant, "my boy, your poor master is dead, and the sooner he
 can be put in the ground the better.   Run  to Mr. C—m,  for I know  he always
 keeps >,'ew England coffins by him, ready made; and, do  you hear,bring a cof-
 fin of the largest size, i'or your master  makes a stout corpse, and having died
 last night, and the weather warm, he will soon begin to smell."
   Awv.v went the servant,  and soon returned with  a proper coffin.
   The wife  and  family having got their  lesson from the Doctor gathered a-
 round him, and howled'no little while they were putting  the body in the coffin.
 Presently the pall-bearers, who were quickly provided  and let  into the secretr
 Started with  the Hypochondriac for the  church  yard.  They had not gone far,
 before thev were met by one of the tow ns-people who, having been properly drilled
 bv the facetious Stevenson, cried out, "Ah Doctor! what poor soul have you got
 there?   "Poor Mr. B—' sighed the Doctor, "left us last night."  "Great pity he
 had not left us twenty years ago," repiled the other, "for he was a bad man."
   Presently another of the towns-men met them with the same question.  "And
 what poor soul have  you got there Doctor?"  Poor Mr.  B—," answered the
 Doctor again, "is indeed dead."  "Ah indeed 1" said the other, "and  so the d—I
 has got his own at last."
   "Oh vilban!" exclaimed the man in the coffin, "if I was not dead, how  I
 would pay you for that."
   Soon after  this, while the pall-bearers  were resting themselves nearth3 church-
 yard, another one stepped up with the old question again,  "what poor soul have
 you got there Doctor?" "PooiJUr B—,"he replied,"is gone."
   "Yes, and to h—I," said  the other,"for if he is not gone there I see not what
 use there is for such a  place."  Here the dead man bursting off the lid of the cof-
 fin, which had been purposely left loose, leapt out,exclaiming,"oh you villian!-
 I am gone toh—lamlj, well,I have come back again to pay such ungrateful ras-
 cals as you are."   A race was immediately commenced between the dead man
 and the living, to the petrifying consternation of many of the spectators, at
 sight of a corpse, bursting from the coffin, and in all  the horrors of the winding
 sheet, racing through the street.   After  having exercised himself into a copioug
 perspiration by his fantastic chase, the Hypochondriac was brought home by
 Dr. Stevenson, freed of all his complaints. 'And by strengthening food, gener-
ous wine, cheerful company and moderate  exercise, was  soon  restored to pert
feet health.                              *
receive benefits.  Teach him charity, and he shall gain love.   Teach him tem-
perance, and he shall have health.  Teach him prudence, and fortune shall at-
tend him.  Teach himjustice, and he shall be honored by the world.   Teach
him sincerity, and his own heart shall not reproach him.  Teach him dilli-
gence, and his wealth shall increase.  Teach him benevolence, and his mind
shall be exalted. Teach him science,a.nd his life ehall be useful.  Teach him re*
ligicny and his death  shall be happy. 
[8]
  To demonsrnte further, the happy effects of passmgqnidc wil, "to shoot foily as
it flies," another case of Hypochondriasm is here  cited, which came under the
care of Dr. Crawford of Baltimore.
  A certain Hypochrndriae,  who, for a long time, fancied himself dying of a
liver complaint, was advised by Dr. Crawford, to make a journey to the state of
Ohio.  After an excursion of three months, he returned home, apparently in
good health : but upon receiving information of the death of a twin brother, who
had actually died of a scirrhus liver, he immediately took the staggers, and fall-
ing down, roared out  that he was dead, and had, as always  expected, died of a
liver complaint.  Dr.  Crawford, having been sent for,  immediately attended
and asked the  Hypochondriac, how he could be deal, seeing ho could talk
But still he would have it that he was actually dead.  Whereupon, the sagacioua
doctor, exclaimed, "O yes, the gentleman is certainly dead, and it is more than
probable, his liver was the death of him.  However, to ascertain the fact, I will
hasten to cut him open before putrefaction takes  place."  And thereupon, get-
ting a carving knife, and  whetting  it as a  butcher would to open  a dead calf,
he stepped up  to him and  began to open his waistcoat, when  the  Hypochondri-
ac, horribly frightened, leaped up  with the agility of a rabbit, and crjingout,
"murder! murder! murder!" ran off with a speed that would have defied a score
of Doctors to cateh  him.  After running a considerable distance, untill he was
almost exhausted, he halted; and not finding the Doctor at  his heels, sor>n be-
came composed.   From that period, this man was never known to  complain, of
his liver; nor had he, for better than twenty years afterwards any symptom of
this disease,.
                             OF ANGER.

                When reason, like a skilful charioteer,
                Can hreak the fiery passions to the bit,
                And, spite of their licentious  sallies, keep
                The radiant track ofglory; passions,
                Are aids and ornament's.  *  *  *
                                                        YOUNG.

  Resentment of wrong is a usefuf principle in human nature; and for the wi-v
est  purposes  was implanted in our frame.   It is the necessary guard of pri-
vate rights; and the great restraint on the insolence of the violent, who, if no
resistance were made, would trample on the gentle &, peaceable.  But in the ful
ness of self estimation, we are to apt to forget what we are.  We are rigorous
to offences, as if we did not daily intreat heaven for mercy.  It is a vice that
few persons are able to conceal; for if it do not betray  itself by external sign*
such as sudden  paleness of the countenance, and  trembling of tho joints, ft j?
more impetuous within. 
[0]
                 Pale and trembling angtr rushes in,
                 "Wish (altering speech, and with eyes that wildly Btarc';
                 Fierce as the tiger, madder than the seas,
                 Desperate, and arm'd with more than human strength,
                 He whom ADger stings, drops, if he dies,
                 At once, and rushes appoplectic down;
                 Or a tierce fever hurries him to hell.—Armstrong-

"Thtffe who/feel the approach of anger in their mind, should as much as p'v-
 sit i", divert their attention from the object of provocation, and remain silent.—-
 'The/ should never use loud oaths, violent upbraiding, or strong expressions of
 "? mienance or gesticulations of the arm, or clenched fists; as these by their
 ■fbi-mer association with anger, wiii contribute to increase it.   I have been told,
 fays Dr. Darwin, of a sergeant or corporal, who began moderately to cane his
 'o Kit:rs, when  they were awkward  in  their exercise;  but being addicted to
 ■swearing aud coarse language, he used soon to enrage himself by  his own ex-
 pressions of anger,  till,  toward the end, he was liable to beat the delinquents
 unmercifully,  "is not this applicable to some of us, in the treatment  of our
 '•slaves.
   A slaveholder in New-Castle county,  Delaware, was so enraged  with*
 neighboring slave, for persevering contrary to his orders to visit a female ser-
 vant in thcTamily, that he bought him of his master at a high price, for the ex-
 press purpose of getting satisfaction; that is, to give him  a severe flogging, and
 -then S3ll him to a negro Inner.
   What with the bitter curses and blows he inflicted upon the poor fellow, tied
 hands and feet his anger rose at length to a flame, he could not control, and, by
 the time the master had lust the  pov.er  to  inflict,  the  poor slave had lost the
 power to suffer—having literally expired under his cruel hands.
   A sea captain, iu South Carolina, navigated his vessel with the help of three
 slaves.  On some provocation from  one of them, he laid hold of the offender,
 who was-so alann'd at   his master's looks, that  he  jerked  away from him.
 R)-.i«ed to fury by such an act of treason, as this appeared  to him, the master
 caught up a broad axe, and  with the looks and voice of a demon, ordered hfa
 other slaves "to seize the  d—d  villain"  Frightened out of their wits, they
 seized their fellow  servant, and the master biack with rage, and regardless of
 his prayers and supplications had  him dragged to a block, and in a most barba-
 rous manner struck off' his head.
  Although the laws of the land did not sentence these inhuman masters to death;
 yet  neither  of them long survived their infernal acts.  The gnawings of a blood
 stained conscience soon brought them down to  the grave.
   Cruelty is the extreme of all vices, an offence to God, abhorence to nature?
 the grief of good .men, and pleasure only  to devils and monsters divested of hu-
manity. The laws mav take away a man's life, to punish his offences, & deter
others by his example^ from the commission of the same crimes; but to do it by
 rack, and other torments, savours little of humanity, less of Christianity.
   How manv millions of men have the Spaniards butchered in South America:
Bartholomew Cassa, affirms, that in forty five years they destroyed about ten.
millions of human souls; an  unaccountable way of converting  these poor sava-
ges to Christianity.   These millions  wero butchered outright, and it we add
St>30 who died laboringin'thp mines, doing the drudgery of asses., oxen & mutes 
m
m what a vast number would they amount!-  Some of them carry burueri3 on
their backs of a hundred and sixty  pounds weight, above three hundred miles.
How many of these poor wretches have perished by water as  well as by  land,
by diving fathoms deep,  fishing for pearl, who stay there sometimes haif an
hour, under water, panting and drawing the same breath all the while, and are
fed on purpose with coarse biscuit and dry things, to make them long winded,,
An.I if what is reported bo true, they hunt the poor Indians with dogs to in>,kv
themselves sport.
  There is  a story of Father Cacica, a stout Indian, who, being about to die,
W'cS  persuaded by a Franciscan friar to turn christian, and then he should go to 1
he-ven.  Cacica asked him '"whether there  were any Spaniards m heaven?'"
•sYt-s, says the friar, it is full of them."  "Stay, then," said the Indian, "I ivA
ru'.aergoto hell than have any more of their company."
  A . xmg man in Augusta, Georgia, going to a party in the neighborhood, in
a -ri^, tnd not got out of the street,  before  his horse balked.  The youth,  leap-
in;  iom his gig, and  angrily catching bis hoiv=e  by the bridle, lead him off.
H'ving mounted his gig, he cracked his whip for a second start ;but his horse
had  not gone many steps, before he unfortunately  fell back again.   Leaping
tr<>ni the gig in a violent rage, he struck his horse over the head w ith a loaded.
whip, and then attempted to lead him off  once more.  Frightened by such vi-
olence, the animal, in place of moving forward, drew back.  Enraged by such
obstinacy, the ycung man repeated his  blows with the whip until it brcker
which rather increased the perturbation of his mirul.   By this time, findingi
himself surrounded by unwelcome spectators of his brutal conduct, he became
morefimous; and searching for a large club, continued  his unmerciful blows,
until he brought the horse to the ground;  when, after a few struggles, his idooit
and  brains flowing copiously, the poor animal expired.
   As anger is a short madness, so patience is a recollection of all requisite virv
tues, that enables us to withstand the assaults of the former, and  to behave our-
selves like sobcrand prudent men,
   When Xenocrates, came one lime to the house of Plato,  to  visit him, he
prayed him, "that he would beat his servant for him, in regard  himself was net
at present so fit to do  it, because he was in a passion."
   Another time he said to one of his.servants, "that he would beat him suffi-.
cientiy, but he was angry."
   Forgivness of injuries, and a merciful disposiion towards  those  who havr.
offended us, are not only infallible  marks of a great and noble mind; but are
oi.r indispensable duties as reasonable creatures, and peculiarly so ascii.ist
tans.
   Sir Walter Raleigh, a man of known courage and honor, being very injuri-
ously  t   iied by a hot-headed,  rash youth, who next proceeded to chalk, in'r-
'.'.<«, and , n his refusal  to accept, spit upon him, and that too in public, the
knight  taking out his handkerchief with  great calmness, made him only tins
repi\ :  Young man, if I could as easily wipe your blood from my coi;-v;e;vjo„
ao I ean this i. jury from my face,  I would this moment take away your life/'
 i'.* .  .kjor.aeuee was, that the youth, struck with a  sudden and strong  sens;
  :''  ' ; lnisbeha vkv.ir, fell upon his knees, and begged forgiveness.
   U;:jv  , the Pythagorean, was a person very  different .both  in hi-? life  auo
 manr-ors from other meo.  If it chanced  at  any  time that he was  influenced
 ■•■■'.'.'.'*' •";•<:» r,ho would take his hnrp.play unon rr;c!  sin£  to it^.^vingras o'\ T 
                                   •[1'f

 l,;e was asked the cause  of so doing, "'hut by this nieans lie round himself rq*
•  j:iced to the temper of his former mildness."

                 There is a charm, a,power that sways the breast
                 Bids every passion revel or be still;
                 Inspires with rage, or all your care dissolves;
                 Can soothe distraction, and almost despair.

   When the tyrant Engenius  raised that perilous war in the East, and money
 grew short with the Emperor  Theodosius, he determined to raise subsidies, <fo
 Co {rather from all parts, more than  before he had ever done.  The citizens of
 Antioch bore this exaction with so ill a will-that, after they had uttered many
 outrageous words against the Emperor, they pulled down his statues  and those
 also of the empress his wife.  A while afterwards, when the heat of  their fury
 was past, they began to  repent themselves of their folly, and considered into
 what danger they had cast themselves and their  city.  Then did they curse
 their rashness confess their fault, implore the goodness of God, and with tear?-,
 "that it would please him to calm thcemperor's heart."   Their supplication, and
 prayers were solemnly sung, with sorrowful tunes and lamentingvoices.  Their
 bi-hop F'avianus, employed himself valiantly, in this needful time, in behalf of
 the  city; made ajourney to Theodosius, and did his utmost to appease him; but
 finding himself rejected and knowing that the empero r was devising some griev-
 ous  punishment; and on the other side, not having the boldness to speak again,
 and yet much troubled in his thoughts because of his people, then came this de-
 vice into his head.  At  such time as the emperor sat at  meat certain young
 boys were wont to  sing musically unto him.   Flavianus wrought so, that he
 obtained  of those that had charge of the boys, that they would suffer them to
 sing the supplication and prayer of the city of Antioch. Theodosius listening to
 that grave music, was so moved with it, & so touched with compassion,that hav-
 ing  then the cup in his  hand, he with his warm tears watered the  wine that
 was in it, and forgetting all his conceived displeasure against the Antiocheans
1;eely  pardoned them and their City.



                           OF HATRFD.

                 Infernal malice, only pining hate,
                 And envy grieving at another's state,
                When these are in the human bosom nnrst,
                Can peace reside when dwelling so accursed!—Hamilton*.

   Haired is  a fury that never sleeps; ulcerates the soul; and tortures it through
out.   Hence it never fails to injure the body.
   As admiration, the first of the passions, never ri -cs in the soul before she hag
enm-i.-1 ired whether the thing represented to her be good, or convenient to her,
or n  •; *o, after the ha' judged it t'> ive -lood, there is raised in her the most a-
:;r< ^ihi"-and c-o:^  V<- ent  ->f n'' p ;>*•,■»>  «. hue; htm1 when she hn'h conceived the
same to be evi". <.h..> is  q  '<< h,  irnv   ' hatred, which is nothing b.,t the soil's
^.ycrsion to that which threatens pain or grief^and  may b.o defied tp hs cnj«<$£?» 
^.Oion jvwucud bv the spirits, that invite the soul to be willing to bp s^juptajji
from objects represented t-her as ungrateful and hurtful; which definition on.
ly respects  pare  nature; but  through the corruption of men and  manner?, it
may be said to arise from an imbibed prejudice, or envy aggravated b> con tin tr-
ance, and heightened bv a malicious intention of malignancy, and injuring  the
persons to whom we have a disaffection, and that too, without any reason  but
what proceeds from a self contracted wickedness.  Anger is sometimes, allowv
able, and when excessive, is stiil calied but the viceof men; but hatred is said
to be the sia of devils, being not confined at home, but roves  abroad  «^kitjg*
wham it may devour.

                "Cruel revenge, which still we find,
                The weakest frailty of a feeble mind,
                Degenerous passion, and for man too bas,^
                It seats its empire in the savage race."

   A certain Italian, having his enemy in his power, told him there wasnop'o •
yble way for him to save his life,unless he would  immediate],, deny  ana re^  i
 nounce his Saviour.   The timorous wretch in  hope of meic>, did  it; when the
other, forthwith, stabbed him to the heart, saying  that uow h ; hud a full revenge;
 Ipr he had killed at once both body and soul.
   In the reign of Edward VI. upon the alteration of religion, there was an in-
 snrrecliop. in Cornwall and divers other counties wherein many were taken  and
 executed by martial law.  The chief leaders were sent to London,  and there
 executed.  The sedition being thus suppressed, it is memorable what  cruel re-
 venge or sport sir William Kingston provost-marshal, made by virtue of his of-
 fice, upon men in misery.   One Boycr, mayor of Bodmin in Cornwall, had been
 amongst the rebels, not willingly, but enforced.  To him the provost sent w-rd
 ihat he would come and dine with him, for whom the mayor made great provision.
   A little before  dinner, the provost took the mayor aside, and whispered  him
 in the ear, "That an execution must that day  be done  in the town,  and there-
 fore required that a gallows should be set  up against dinner should be over.'*
 The mayor failed not of his charge.  Prer.ently after dinner, the provost taking
 the mayor by the hand; desired  him to lead him to the place where the gallows
 was, which, when he beheld, he asked the mayor, "if he thought it to be strong
 enough?" "yes," said the mayor, "doubtles:s it is," "well then," said the provost,
 *fget you up speedily,for it isprov ided for you."  "1 hope,'-said the mayor,"'you
 mean not as you speak 1"."In  faith," uaid the provost "there is no remedy, for
 you have been a busy rebel -."and so without respite or defence, he was hanged.
   Near the same place dwelt a miller, who had been a busy actor in that rebel-
 lion, who fearing the approach of the marshal,  told asturdy follow,  his servant,
 that he had occasion to go from heme, and, therefore, if any came to inquire af-
 ter the miller, he should not speak of him, but say he was the miller, and bad
 been so for three years before.   So, the provost came, and called for the miller.
 when out came the servant, and said "he was the man."   The provost demand-
 ed how long he had kept the  mill! -These three years," answered  the servant.
 Then the provost commanded bis men to lay hold on him, and hang him on the
 next tree.  At this, the fellow cried out "that  he was not the miller, but the mil-
 ler's man."  '-.Nay, sir," said the provost, "I  will take \ou at your word.  If
                                    jtnave. if thou  art not, ihrg art. a fofeo 
w
lying knave, and howsoever, thou canst never do thy master beltcjr .\C,u.y,ie,e (ban
l^hang for him;" and so, without more ado, he was despatched.

                Revenge is but a frailty, incident
                To craz'd and  sickly minds; the poor content
                Of little souls, unable to surmount
                Aa injury, too  weak to bear affront.—Dryden,,

   Revenge is a great sign of cowardice, when an enemy is at ono«j mercy.-.. -
There is more bravery and disdain in slighting a private enemy, and despising
revenge, than in cutting his throat; not that a man should be  insensible of an
injury or affront, but that  he should not carry his resentments too tar, where a.
gentle revenge is sufficient.
   Excellent was the advice that was given to the Romans by the ambassadors1
of some cities inEtruria.  "That since they were men, they should not resent
any thing beyond human nature: and that in morta. bodies they should not car-'
ty immortal feuds,"  Light injuries arc made none by disregarding them ;wbich,
if revenged, grow grievous  and burthensorac, and live to hurt us, when they
might die to secure  us.   It is  princely  to  disdain a wrong, and they say,
prince?, wheu ambassadors offered indecencies, used not to chide, but deny thorn
audience, as if silence was the royal way to revenge wrong.
   When the Duke of Alva was  in Brussels, about the beginning of the tumults.
ifl the Netherlandj, he had sat down before Hulst in Flanders; and there was a,
pr.vost-marshal in  his army, who was a favorite of his, and  tlib  provost liar!
put some to death by secret commission from  the  duke.  There was one cap.;
tain Bolea in the army, who was an intimate friend of the provost's, and one e-
vening iate he went to thecaptain's tent, and brought with him a confessor and
an executioner,  as it was his custom.  He told the captain he was come to ex-
ecute iiis excellency's mission and martial law upon him.  The captain started
up S'ddmly, his hair standing upright, and being struck with amazement, as-
ked, "Wherein have I offended the Duke?" The provost answered, ".Sir, I am no£
to expostulate the business with you, but to execute my commission;therefore.^
I pray prepare yourself, for there is your ghostly father and executioner."  Su
be fell on his knees  before  the priest, arid having done, and the hangman going
to put the halter about his neck the provost threw it away,& breaking into laugh-
ter, told him "there was no  such thing,and that be had done this, to try his cour-
age, how he would bear the terror of death. '•'   The captain looking ghastly at
him. said.  "Then sir get you out of my tent, for you have done me a very  ili
office."  Tiie next  morning, the said captain Bolea, though a young man of aJ
boin  thirty, had his  hair all turned grev, to the^dmiration of all the world, antl
the Duke of Alva himself, who questioned him about it;  but he would confess no-.
thing about it.   The next  year  the Duke was recalled, and in his journey to
the court of Spain, he was  to pass by Saragossa, and thiscaptain Bolea and tiro
provost', went along  with him as his domestics.   The Dike having to  repose
some days in Saragossa, the young old captain Bolea told him, "that there was
a thing in that town worthy to  be  seen by  his Excellency, which was a cassm
deloca, a bedlam house,such a  one as there was not the "like in Christendom.
  "Well" said the Duke, "go and  te'I the warden, I will bo there to-morrow in',
thoaft-jniooon."  The Captain  having obtained this, went to the warden, arid,
told him :he Duke's intention; and that ;hc eliicf occjij|ianJl^in-v.^ilL^-^ *••->^ 
'LKj.
"•.va3,tiial he had an  unruly Provost about him, who was subject oftentimes i'o
 iitsef phrensv; an,',  because he wished him well, he had tried divers mean.* tp
 cure him, but all woiid not do, therefore, be would try whether keeping him c! .>e
 in bedlam  for some days would do him any good.   The  next day the Duke
 came with a great train of Captains after him, amongst whom was the said Pro-
 vost, very shiuing and fine,   Ifoing entered into the house about the Duke^s
 person Captain Bolea told the warden, pointing at the Provost, "thats the nm^*-
 the warden took him aside into adark lobby, where he had placed some ofhis ti i:^
 who muffled him in his cloak, seized upen his sw ord,aud hurried him into a dim,..
 geon.  The Provost had lain there two nights and a  day; and afterwards k
 happened that a gentleman, coming out of curiosity to seethe house,pressed into
 a small grate where the Provost was.   The  Provost conjured  him,  as he  was
 a christian,  to go and tell the Duke of Alva his Provost was there confined, nor
 could he imagine why.  The gentleman did his errand; and the Duke, being
 astonished,  sent for the warden  with his prisoner.  The warden brought the-
 Provost in cuerpo, full of straws and feathers, madman-like, before the  Duke,;-
 who at the sioht of him, burst into  laughter, asking the  warden why  he  had
 made  him prisoner?  "Sir" said the warden, "it was by virtue of your Excel-
 lency1.-; commission, brought me bv Captain  Bulea."   B dea stepped forth, and
 told the Djke, "Sir, you have asked me oft  how tliese hairs of mine grew so
 suddenly grey: I have  not revealed it  to a single  soul breathing; but now I'll
 tell your Excellency," and so related the passage in Flanders; and added—"I
 have been ever-siu.ee beating my brains to know how to get an equal revenge
.of him, for making me old before my  time."   The Duke was so pleased with thfe1
 Btorv%; and the •wittiness of revenge, that he made them both (riejyls,




                              OF ENVY.

                        Malicious envy rode
                Upon  a lavenous wolf, and still did chew
                Between his canker'd teeth, a ven'mous toad,
                That all the poison ran about hisjaw:
                But inwardly, he chewed his own maw
                At neighbors' wealth, that made him  even sad^
                FordeaLh it was when any good he saw.
                And wept, that cause of weeping none he had,
                But when he heard of harm, he wax'd wond'rous gla& -

                He hated all good works, and virtuous deeds.,
                And him no less that any like did use,
                And who with gracious bread the hungry feed,,
                IJis alms for want of frdth, he does accuse,
                Go every good to bad he doth abuse,
                And eke the verse of famous poets wit:
                He doe* back-bite, and spiteful poison spews"
                b'rom lop'rous mouth on all that over \vr;>,
  ;tl 0 Um__     _-:ich one. vile envy  was —SnpWrB>   ""' 
                                   Lib]

  "Tb repine a'; tire nuperior happiness of other?, is the nature of envy, it arise \
'from self-love or self interest, particularly in such individuals whom nature had.
 d-mied certain qualifications of body or  mind, which they cannot avoid  seeing
 m others.
   It i-* almost the only vice which h practicable at all times, and in every place;.
 fhe only passion which can never be quiet for want of initn'.ion; i's effects are,«.
,th"?re4]>u\ every way discoverable, and its attempts always 'U bo dreaded.

                   Envy commands  n secret ban.!,
                   With sword and  poison in her hand,.
                   Around her haggard cyc-halls ro'.l,
                   A thousand fiends possess her soul-.''
                   The artful, unsuspected sprite
                   With fatal aim attacks by night,
                   Her troops, advance with sileot tread* •
                   And stab the hero in his bed;
                   Or shoot the wing-'d malignant lie,
                   And female honors pine or die.—Cotton.

   -Solomon, emphatically styles, "Envy, a  rottenness of the bone?."< And wo
 (Jyjofieuwitnsrs its baneful effeds on those  who cherish the fatal poison.   It
 shows itself in horrors even on the face of young females, who, it might  be sup-
 posed, could not possess so odious a passion.  Obseivc an e:;wons  gir., v bile
 pleased with  herself, appears quite  beautiful and pleasing in her manners;
 but on the appearance ofoneof her  sex, a school-mate, of superior beauty and]
 endowments, her countenance becomes strangely altered.   In like manner Ike
 spirits become  depressed; and, as the body cannot remain undisturbed when
.the mind, to which it is so nearly attached, is in such misery, the  person who
 ie tormented with it cannot enjoy  good  health.  For  it is (ho passion of the
 damned, and, as it riehly deserves punishment, it never escapes it.
   A French lady  of quality that was well  married, and lived in plenty, hear
ing her husband's brother had  married a very  handsome lady with a great for
tune,, was  mightily out of humour, insomuch that she perfectly hated all that
spoke in commendation of her  new sister-in-law, and hearing her husband also
commended her a3 a very beautiful woman,she bribed a servant in that lad;, \- fam-
iiy to poison her; but he discovering the design and the lady being reproached for
 it by the husband, poisoned herself and died.

             Envy's the worst of fiends, procurer of sad events,
             And only good when she herself torments.—Cowley.

   P^itarch compares envious  persons to cupping-glasses, which ever draw the
 worst humors of the body to them.  Like flies, they resort only  to the raw and
 corrupt parts of the body; or,  if they light on a sound part, never leave blow-
 ing upon it till they have disposed it to putrefaction.  When Glomus could find
 no fault with the face in the picture  of Venus, he picked a quarrel with her slip>-
 pers; and  so malevolent persons, when  they cannot blame the substance, will
 yet represent the circumstance of men's best actions with prejudice. The black
shadow isstiil observed to wait upon those  that have been the most illustno :i 
  lor virtue, or rrnarkable (or some kind of perfection: and to excel in cither Li.>
  been an unpardonaoie crime.

                  ■"The man who envies, must hchofifwilh pain,
                  Another's joys and sicken at another's gain. '
                                                                 •
    When Aristide?, so remarkable for his inviolable attachment to justice, wrff.
  tried bv the people at Athens, and condemned to banishment; a peasant, unac-
  quainted with the person of A) i-tides, applied to hint to vote against Anstides\
  "Has he done you any wrong," said Aristides,"that you are for punishing him
  in this  manner?"  "No,"replied the countryman, "I dont even know him; but
  I  am tired and angry with hearing every one call him the just."
    Mertius, a citizen of Rome, was noted to be of such an envious and malevolent
  disposition, that P.ihlius,one day no erving  him to be very sad, said, "Either
  som? great evil has happened to Mertius,. or  soms jjreat good to another."
    Medicines cannot cure a disease so odious.  Education and improvement of
  morals  are its only antidote?.  Envious persons commonly  give too much irrf=
  porta nee to trifles; hence they  ought to be insirucfed to  employ themselves in
  More useful puivuits; to judge of things according to their true value, and accus-
  tom themselves to a  philosophic calmnes-s;   to counterbalance their expecta-
  tions  with their deserts; and to equal or surpass others in their meritss ratllgt
  than in  t'liejr pretensions-.



                             OF AVARICE*

                 And,  oh! what man's condition can be worse;
                 Than  his, whom plenty starves and blessings curreJ
                 The beggars but a common fate deplore,
                 The rich poor man's emphatically poor.
                 If cares and troubles, envy, grief and feart'
                 The hitter fruits be what fair riches bearr
                 If a new poverty grows out of store,
                 The old plain way,ye gods! let me be poor.—Cowcev:

   This vile passion, which frowns at the approach of the stranger, clenches ifitf
 hand against the poor, denies all encouragement of public good, and can punish
 and starve wife and children, is  hardly more detestable in a moral point of view,
 than it is pernicious in  a physical.   It is true, that by his unwillingness to part
 w;th his money, the  miser is generally a temperate, and even  an abstemious
 character, and so far  his vice is beneficial to his health';  but in many other re-
 spects, this detestable vice operates very hurtfully to  the health of him who is
 cursed with it.  By the extreme eagerness to make monev, by the distressing
 fears about keeping if, by the inconsolable grief for losing "it;  besides the heart-
 achs, the envies and jealousies, the sleepless nights, wearisome davs, and  num-
 ber's other ills which it inflicts on its slaves, it often ruins  their health, and
 brings  them down to the grave by some lingering disease, or more horrible su-
icide.  History tells crs ofilltTstrioiis villaiir^,  but fhe're never was an iHiMri-
0UJ3 :^i=:cr fa nature. 
frr)
                Can wealth give happiness? look round and 9t"&~
                What gay distress! what splendid misery!
                Whatever fortune lavisldy can pour,
                The mind annihilates, and calls for more.—Young,

   Co be poor in the midst of riches is the most insupportable kind of poverty Vf
             ♦
                 In vain our fields and flocks increase our store,
                If oar abundance makes us wish for more.-—Rose.

   A rich cotton planter in Georgia, in consequence of losing  two cents on the
I>bund on a crop of cotton, was seized with such a sadness of heart, that he tcok
his bed, and refusing to be shaved, shirted or to take suitable nourishment, died
miserable.  He was a  bachelor, and his estate, on appraisment, amounted to
nearly one hundred thousand dollars t
   In York county, Pennsylvania, a farmer so rich as to raise one hundred bush-
els of clover-seed on his own  lands, in consequence of losing five dollars  per
bushel on his clover-seed, that is, only getting seven dollars in Baltimore, after
he had been offered twelve for it at home, was struck with such a deadly heart-
anguish, that he went in a fit of despundence and hung himself.
   After his  death, silver to the amount of two hundred thousand  dollars vz&
found barrelled up in his cellar

          Vain man!  'tis Heaven's prerogative;'
          To take, what it first designed to give.?
          Thy tributary breath;
          In awful expectation plac'd,
          Await thy doom, nor impious haste
          To pluck from God's right hand his instrument of death.—Wartojt.

   Hippocrates, in his epistle fo  Crateva, the herbalist, gives this advice  for tho -
cure of some rich patients, that if it were possible  he  should  cut up that weed
of covetousness by  the roots, that there might be  no  remainder  left, then he
might be certain, that^ together with their bodies, he might cure all the diseases
of their minds.
   The same great and learned philosopher wished a consultation of all the phy-
sicians in the world, that they  might advise together upon the  means  how to
cure covetousness.   It is now about two  thousand  year3 ago since he had his
desire; and after him a  thousand and  a thousand philosophers have employed
their endeavors to cure this insatiable dropsy.   All of them have lost their la-
bors.   The evil rather increases than declines under the multitude of remedies.
There have been a number, in former ages, sick of it;  and this wide hospital ojp*
«re wcrld is as full of such patients as ever it was.



                              OF GAMING.

                  The Jove of gaming is the worst of ills,
                  With ceaseless storms the blacken'd  soul  ft filt^
                                    Q 
(IS]
                 Tnveigha at Heaven, neglects the ties of blood;
                 Destroys the power and will of doing good:
                 Kills health, pawns honor, plunges in disguise,
                 And what is still more dreadful, spoils her face.—Yotw&r

  It is true,.as it is lamentable, in the age we live, there are too many ofall qual-
ities and conditions excessively addicted to this abominable vice; by which ma»
ny resectable families have been reduced from affluence  to extreme poverty.
But the evil does not stop here:  it must be fresh in every memory, of the most
diabolical acts having been perpetrated by persons who enlisted under the ban-
ners of a gambler, and squandered away their estate.  Let the following mel-
ancholy catastrophe, which  from the best authority not long  since took place^
prove a warning to others.
  A. S  ■ ■*. ,who had a very comfortable support was enticed to associate him-
belfwith gamblers,and in a short tfme lost all that,  he possessed, at cards and
dice, which ought to have been treasured up for the subsistence of his family.—
Reflecting on the foolish manner in which he had thrown away  his money, and
beholding his  children cry about him for victuals, so diseased his mind was that
taking advantage of his wife's absence, he cut the throats of his three children,
and hung himself.  His wife, on returnirig home, being so much affrighted at
the sight of so  barbarous a tragedy, fell dead upon the spot.
  An old ruined gamester, in hopes to make a bubble or prey of a young man
that came to town with his pockets full of monej, took him to a  gaming house,
and there, to encourage him to play, shewed him several  topping  sparks that
were born to no fortune, who by play had purchased great  estates, and lived in
pomp and splendor, by success in shaking iheir elbows.
  "You show  me," says the young man, "the winners, but  I pray what has be
come of the losers?"   To which the  old prig making no reply,  a third  person,
overhearing their conversation, told the young man, that since  the other  wa9
silent and confounded with shame at the question, he would oblige him with an
answer—"Many of the losers," saith he, "taking the highway to repairtheir los»
se-, have been hanged; others have gone to sea to earn their bread; some have
taken up the trade of being bullies to bawdy-houses;  others that have not hid
themselves as servants under a livery, are begging or mumping about the streets,
or starving in jails for debt, where you will  be ere long, if you follow that ras-
cal's counsel."  "The punishment," says the young man, "is fit for the sin,
when men, possessed with great sums of their own money,  will play the fool to
make it another man's; and, if this be the humor of the town, I  will return  a-
gaiu to the country, and spend my estate among my  neighbors and tenants,
where you, sir," ^peaking to the gentleman that dealt so plainly with him,"shall
b© very welcome.



                          DRAM DRINKERS.

  Bitters, those especially made with spirits, like other cordials, have no doubt
their use at times, as  in damp weather, which hangs so heavily upon the springs
of life: but to use them,or mint slings,or drams, as some do every morning, e-
ven the brightest, when dumb nature herself is smiling, and  every bird and beast 
[\n
 j\te uttering their artless joy, is a species of suicide.  It is a most wicked aii
 «empt to substitute artificial joys in place of those most prre and natura'.  Sich
 an impious fighting against God and nature,generally ends as might be expec-
 ted.   The wretched  self-destroyers seldom live out  half their da>s.   Fur the
 same delightful exhileration, produced  by  one anti-fograatic  las4, year, requires
 two this year, and in that increase, till the habit of intemperate drinking is con-
 firmed.   How melancholy is it that rational beings should act so madly,and that
 the all-bountiful Creator can  not intrust us  with his good things, without our
 shamefulabuse ofthem! Thusit is,that men turn into poisons those pleasant hev-
■ cragesgiven for cordials, to raise their depressed spirits, to invigorate their flac-
 cid nerves, and to enable nature to repel  the various attacks of a humid or in*
 foe ted atmosphere.



                          OF INTEMPERANCE

   Temperance, by fortifying the  mind and body, leads to happiness.  IntefiV
 perance. by enervating them, ends in misery.   And those who destroy a heal-
 thy constitution of body by intemperance, do manifestly kill themselves, as those
 who hang, poison or drown themselves.   Virtue is no enemy  to pleasure; but,
 on the contrary, is its most certain friend.  Her office is to regulate our desires,
 that we may enjoy every pleasure with moderation;  and then our relish  for
 them will continue.
   Anacharsis, the Scythian, in order to deter young men from that volupruous-
 ness ever attended with ill affects, applied his discourse to them in a parable,tel-
 ling them that the vice of youthful gratification had three branchesj producing
 tbree clusters.   "On the first," says he, "grows pleasure; on the  second, sot-
 tishness; on the third, sadness."
   Drinking is undoubtedly  the most miserable refuge from misfortune.  It is
 the most broken of all reeds.   This solace is truly short-lived; when over, the
 spirits commonly sinking as much below their usual tone, as they had been be-
 fore raised above it.   Hence, a repetition  of the dose  becoming necessary, and
 every fresh dose makes way for another, till the miserable man is  rendered a
 slave to the bottle; and, at length falls a sacrifice to what at first, perhaps, was
 taken only as a medicine.

                 Unhappy man, whom sorrow thus and rage,
                  Two different ills, alternately engage.
                  Wbo drinks, alas!  but to forget; nor sees
                  That melanchely,sloth, severe disease,
                  Memory confused, and interrupted thoughts,
                  Beath's harbingers, lie latent in the draught,
                  And in the flowers that wreathe the sparkling bo#l,
                  Fell adders hiss, and  poisonons serpents roll.—Prior.

   Were the pleasures of the palate lasting, says Carnaro, there would be softie
 excuse for inebriety; but it  is so transitory, that  there  is scarce  any distin-
guishing between the beginning and the ending: whereo?, th» diseases it }\rp-
duces are very durable. 
i*°3
  'The story of Prometheus seems to have been invented by physicians in thqn»
tnciimt times when all things were clothed in  hieroglyphics or in fable.  Pro-,
metheus was painted stealing fire from heaven, which might  well represent the.
inflammable spirits produced by fermentation, that may be said to animate and,
enliven the man of clav:  wdicnce the conquest of  Bacchtw, and the heedless
mirth and noise of his devotees.   But  the after punishment of those who steal
this accursed fire, is a vulture gnawing the liver;  which  well allegorises the.
poor inebriate, laboring under painful  hepatic diseases,  Jt it  thus beautifully
described by Darwin*.

                 "So when Prometheus braves the Thunderers ire?
                  Stole from hi3 blazing throne ethereal fire.
                  And lantern'd in his breast, from realms of day.
                  Bore the bright treasure to the man of clay.—
                  High on cold Caucasus by Vulcan  bound,
                  The lean impatient  vulture flutt'ring round;
                  ■His writhing limbs in vain he twists and strains^
                  To break or loose the adamantine, chains:
                  The gluttonous bird, exulting in bis pangs,
                  Tears his swoln liver with  remorseless fangs,

    f^et those who have been enticed frequently to taste spirituous liquor?.  tiU ut
  length they begin to have a fondness for them reflect a moment on the dangef,
  -oftheir situation;  and resolve to make a speedy and honorahle retreat.  Re-,
  member that custom soon changes into habit; that habit is a second nature,morp
  stubborn than the first, and of all things most difficult to be subdued.
    Remember, that it  is by little unsuspecting beginnings, that this unfortunate.
  vice is  generally contracted;  and, when once confirmed, scarcely terminates
  with life!  Learn, then, in time, to resist this bewildering  spirit, whenever il
  tempts  you.
    Then will you find yourself so perfectly easy without it, as at length never to
  regret its absence;  nay, peculiarly happy in having escaped the allurements q:'~
  titich a  dangerous and insidious enemy .
    Those who pride themselves on living fast, and  are  bent upon "a  short ant*
  merry  life," though in truth  it is a  short and  miserable one, will, doubtless,
  ypurn at these admonitions, and run headlong to their own destruction.  Strange
  infatuation!  Can you submit to such despicable bondage, and tamely give 1:1;
  your freedom without one generous struggle?   'flap present conflict, remember..
  is not for the fading  laurel or  tinselled wreath,for which others so carnestiy
  contend, but for those more blooming, more substantial honors, which Health,
  ihe daughter of Temperance, only can bestow.   For it is thine, O Health! uiu'i
  thine alone, to diffuse through the human heart that genial warmth, that serene
  uunshine, which glows in the cheek,  shines in the eye, and  animates the who!i
  Irame! But, if still you have no regard for this blessing, let me remind you o.'
  an hereafter!              ,

                  "To die—to sleep—to sleep!  perchance to dream-
                   Ay, there's the rub!"

^^^^^^^^^^rfdcathjvaB nothing, and nought after death 
                »~f, YtUi.0. rr.cn die, at once, they c^i^d iu 0*^.
                Betimuig to the barren worm. v. ..ct. .:.•--,
                "Whence ihey spruDg—then ij.i^i.I itaf wretch
                Thai's wear) of the world, ana tired of life,
                At once give eacli inquietude t..o slip,
                J3y stealing out of being when he pleased,
                Aud by what way; whether by hemp or steel,
                Death's thousand doors are open.  Who could fnrep
                The ili-pieascd guest to sit out his full time,
                Or  lame him it he goes!  Sure, he does well
                That helps himself as timely  as he can,
                When a')le.  But if there's ao hereafter,
                And that there is,Conscience uninfluenced,
                And suffer'd to speak out, tells every man.;
                Then ::.ust it be an awful thing to die:
                More horrid yet to die by one's own hand.
                .Sei:'-murder! dreadful deed!  our country's shame,
                That makes herthe reproach of neighb'ring states*■
                Shall nature, swerving from her earliest dictate^.
                Self-preservation, fall  by her own act!
                Forbid it Heaven!   Let not, upon disgust,
                 The shameless hand be foully crimson'd o'er
                 With blood of its own Lord.  Dreadful attempt-
                 Just reekiog from self-slaughter,in aragej
                 To rush into the presence of our Judge;
                 As ifwe challenged him to do his worst,
                And heeded net his wrath.—Blaiu.

  It is an invariable law of our present condition, that every pleasure which v
pursued to excess, converts itself to a  poison.   Could we  expose to view the
inon imeuts of death, they would read a lecture on  moderation much more  pow
erful than any that the most eloquent writers  can £>ive.  You would behold the
graves peopled with the victims of intemperance.  You would behold those cham-
bers of darkness, hung round, on every side, with the trophies of luxury, drunk-
enness, and sensuality.   So numerous would you find those victims to iniquity,
that it may bo safely asserted, when war and pest.ilen'ce-JuVve slain their thoa-
£.ands,inteuiperate  pleasure has slain its ten thousands.,    •)-
  Bv unhappy excesses, how many amiableJdispterftons  haTer-fefeon- corrupted
or destroyed! how  many rising capacities. aijdV powers have  beeir suppressed!
how many flattering hopes of parents and.'friends have been totally extinguish-
ed! who, but must drop a tear over hiimarrnauue,  when he beholds that morn-
ing which arose so bright, overcast with such  untimely darkness; that good hu-
mor which once captivated all hearts; that  vivacity^liieh sparkled in every
company;  those abilities which were fitted for adorning the highest station, all
sacrificed at the shrine of low sensuality; and one who was formed for running
the fair career of life in the midst of public esteem, cut off by his vices at the be-
ginning ot his course; or sunk for the whole  of it,  into insignificancy and con-
& )0t.
  The fiVh-'r jn-tly describe* the nature of this beastly vice, when he Faith of
it, that "it it a flattering devil;  a sweet poison: a dejuj^^^^w-l^^ t^^i^ 
\m
  b-dUi, posscsseih not himselfj and he that acts it, doth not only commit a si-Q,
  but is  wholly converted into  sin, deserted of his reason, which is at once  hife
  counsellor and guardian."
    A young man of the most respectable parentage, being rather intemperate,
  was urged Try his parents to marry, thinking that might produce a change in his
  habits.   He paid his addresses to a most amiable lady, of a fair estate, to whom
  he was soon united  in wedlock.  It  was not  many  months after marriage, be-
  fore he resumed his former habits, and what with drinking and gambling, he very
  soon exhausted the whole of her fortune.   Executions being out against him, he
  was compelled to keep at home, where he did nothing but get drunk and abuse
  his amiable wife.
    One night, filled  with  rage, he resolved to destroy her, and going at a  lato
  hour into the  kitchen,where she bad  been constrained to retire from his abuses
  he continued  his opprobrious language  to her, and notwithstanding she gave
  him only loving and kind words, yet  he struck her over the head with  a large
  stick, which she bore patiently, although it much injured her face.   He still
  continuing to rage at her, wearied, and in greut fear, she rose up and went to
  the door.  Here he followed her with a chopj»ing-knile in his hand, with which
 he struck at her wrist, and cut her very  much;  no help being near  but an old
 woman, who durst not interpose, fearing for her own life, who prayed her mis-
 tress to stay and be quiet, hoping all would be well, and so getting a napkin^
 bound up her hana  with it.  After this, still railing and  raging at his wife, ho
 struck her on -the forehead with an iron cleaver, whereupon she fell down blee-.
 ding, but recovering herself, upon her knees she prayed to God for the pardon
 of her own and her husband's sins, praying God to forgive him as she did. But
 as she was thus praying, the infernal  demon, her husband, split her skull open
 with the cleaver, so that she died immediately: for which he was apprehended,
 condemned and hanged.   But so callous  was the wretch; that even under the.
 gallows he did not exhibit any  marks  of repentance.
   It is a lamentable  fact, so great is the infatuation of this vice, that few, once
 deluded, have ever recovered their freedom. Some glorious instances, however.
 have occured, which is surely fine encouragement to them.  We also have the
 pleasure to find none are greater enemies  to evil,  than those who formerly were
 the slaves of it, and have been so fortunate as to break  their chains and recover
 their liberty.
   A certain physician in Virginia, who was married to a most amiable lady, by-
 associating with dissipated characters, became at length intemperate himself.—
 As soon as he acquired habits of intemperance, his disposition was altered,and
 from an affectionate husband he proved very turbulent, and treated his wife so
 ill that she was  constrained to separate  from him,   After living a disorderly
 life for some time, he was brought to a sense  of reflection,  and with  an entire
 change of mind and  manners,  he renounced all vicious habits, plead guilty  be..
 fore his amiable wife, who was ready to forgive, and they have since lived in
 the utmost harmony.  So sensible is he of the danger of using spirituous and vi-
 nous liquors to excess, that he  w ill not taste them, lest he should be enticed to
-exceed the bounds of moderation; and whenever he sees a person so inclined-,
 never fails to caution him against so insidious  an enemy.
   A man i:i Maryland,addicted to drunkenness, hearing a considerable uproa*
 in his kitchen  one night, felt the curiosity to step without noise to the door, to
JL^^b^w|Mh^nattcr? when, behold, they were all indulging in the mo^ 
                                   [23]

 unbounded roars of laughter, at a coupleofhis negro boys, who were mimicking:
 himself in his drunken iu-l as, how he reeled and staggered! how ho looked and
 nodded, and hickupped  and tumbled!  Th- pictures which these children of na-
 ture drew of him,and which had filled the rest with such inexhaustible merri-.
 meat, struck him with salutary disgust, that from that night he became perfectly
 a sober man, to the inexpressible joy of his wife and children.
   A very respectable man in Philadelphia, had a wife who, by her fondness
 for strong drink, had almost broken his heart.  At length he was advised, "as
 a desperate remedy in a desperate disease," to place a barrel of spirits in her clo-
 set, and let her kill herself as soon as possible, since  every persuasive  means
 had been used in vain to break her of this beastly vice.  At. the sight of so ex-
 traordinary a visitant in her closet, she was struck with such horror at the idea
 of the dreadful design on which it was placed there, that she was immediately
 reclaimed, and recovered all  the purity and lustre of her former charactei,tq
 the infinite j»»y of her husband, children and  numerous friends.
   O Temperance! support and attendant of other virtues!  preserver and resto-
 rer of health! maintaiuer of the dignity and liberty of rational beings, from the
 Wretched, inhuman slavery of sensuality, Taste, Custom and Example 1 Brigh-
 tenerof the understanding and memory! sweetener of life and all its comforts.*
 Companion of reason, and guardian of the passions!  Bountiful revyarder of thy
 admirers  and followers!  bow  do thine  excellencies extort the  unwilling
 commendation of thine  enemies! and with  what rapturous  delight can thy
 friends raise up  a panegyric in thy praise!   But contrast the following— a true
 picture of the character of a Drunkard!—

        THS  DRUNKARD'S LOOKING-GLASS,
     OK A SHORT ViEW  OF THEIR PRESENT SHAME AND FUTURE MISERV.
 Published in love to those concerned; and recommended to them as a tender cau\
                       tion, to avoid the same excess.
   You that  are  not  professed atheists, but professed  Christians, and yet ar
 guilty of so loathsome a vice as excess and drunkenness are, pray be intreated
 and persuaded, at the most sober seasons, to consider  your present state, and
 the sad and lamentable effects that will aod certainly do attend  and force such
 practices, viz.
   I. Some general  effects thereof,—Drunkenness makes a man unfit for-
 good.  Drowneth and infatuateth his senses.   Depraveth the  reason.  Besots
 the understanding.  Causes error in the judgment.   It is hurtful to  the mind.
 Defiles the conscience.  Hardens and steals  away the heart.  Brings a spirit-
 ual lethargy.  It is a  work of darkness.  An annoyance to modesty.  Agate
 to debauchery.   A discloser of secrets.  A betrayer of trust.   A depriver of
honesty.  A forerunner of misery.  It cracks men's  credits.   Empties their
purses.   Consumeth their estates   Violates the rules of temperance.  Perverts
the order ofnature.  Causes profane, scurrilous and cursed speeches.   Ranting,
swearing and blasphemy.  Quarrelling, fighting and murder.  It is the mother
of mischief.   The father of vice and pride.   The nurse of riot and fury.   The
school of lying  and slander.   A discoverer of folly.   An oppressor of nature..
An impairer of health.  It deformeth the the visage.  Corrupteth the breath.
Stupifies the spirits.   Intoxicates the brain.   Decayeth the memory.  Bidets
'^natural thirst.   Infltirnetb, the blood.  Causes stammering of speech.   P.^rl- 
fr]
i'rfg and5-staggering to and :p\.   Filthy and loathsome vomiting.  Drop^'ip?, su.*-
feits, fevers, &c.  It is a voluntary madness.  A deceiver of fools.  It decays
the unrai virtues.   A bewitching poison.   An invited  cnemv.   A flattering
devil.   Caus-j.-forgetfulncss cfGod.  A provoker of His  judgments.   Hastens
(.and often brings untimely)death.   And at last destroys the soul.
   II. Some  particular characters'of a duunkart).—A dmnkard, in that
state, is indisposed to virtue.  Is a licentious person.  Makes bis belly his god.
Js worse than a brute.  A companion of riot and revelling.  A game and sport
to profane people.  A ridiculous object.   His own sorrow, wo and shame.  ITig
'wife's grief.  His children's disgrace.   His  neighbor's contempt and derision;
His family's ruin.  Athief to himself.   A scandal to Christianity.  A reproach
to religion.  A dishonor to God.   Unfit for civil  societv.  An abuser of Gael's
mercies, and good creatures.  A loser of bis precious time.  A destroyer of his
reputation, parts and credit.  Is subject to many dangers.   A slave to the d.■•.--
il and his own lust.   A traveller to destruction.  A transgressor of the laws of
God and man.   Against whom woes are pronounced.  His  own soul'^enemv.
A human monster.   And at  last will be excluded God*s kingdom.   Also thr-re
have been many, signal, dreadful and amazing examples, that divine vengeanee
has suffered to overtake some health drinkers, and quaffing, carousiug drunk-
ards, as history relates.
   O let the weighty consideration of these sad. terrible, and  di>mal effects, bo
a motive to prevail  with you to detest and  abhor such a pernicious, horrible?
and destructive a monster as excess and drunkenness i^; and if there is left in
j-o'ir consciences any sense or feeling of the checks and reproofs of God's good
spirit, then by turning and joining thereto, and believing therein, there is a pas-
si ility  by its help to overcome,and in the name of Christ to be washed there-
from.
   But if you bless yourselves in your hearts, saying, you  shall have peace, thd*
you walk in the imagination therenf [mark] to add drunkenness to thirst, the
Lord  will not spare you, but then his anger and jealousy shall smoke against
you, and his curses shall lie upon you, and he will blot out your names from un-
der heaven.
   And you that are concerned in giving, selling ti, or causing any to drink to
excess,  either wine  or other strong drink, are also guilty; and against such, a.
wo from God is pronounced.
   Intemperance.—What a melancholy spectacle is it to the  aged and  infirm
parent,  to see his son sink beneath one of the most cruel vices that has ever yet
entered the human family.  The situation of the parent is full of uncertainties
and'trials.   His children may be either a  curse or a blessing—the disgrace or-
the ornament of his declining years.  A father, blessed with a virtuous son, may
lay his bead in peace upon his pillow,  and may even  part from the world with
the consolatory idea that he leaves a son worthy of himself.   Reverse the tablet
and you may have the  picture of a parent, whose  bosom is distracted by the
sight of a son gradually falling into  the arms of dissipation, debasing bis man-
ners by those of the  low company into which he enters, wasting his talents in
the greatest debauchery, and throwing  away  his precious time in idleness and
drunkenness.  Cast your eyes around you, and  soe how many promising  young
men there are, who  entered life with high hopes beaming on their  brow, chee-
red ;v the smiles of their family and friends, adorned with excellent educations^
nnd capable of rising rapidly to  distinction and fortune—.yot, frorn some ass;- 
t^j
 uation which they may  l»ave formed, some  slight degree of Lndulgenae. into
 which they have originally fallen, perhaps for want of fortitude to encountc\
 thoir first disappointment or misfortune, they are hurried on to a habit of intox-
 ication and disgrace.   Believe me, the paths of vice are easily trod.   Unless
 the foot be firm, they are too slippery to be trusted.  You may easily acquire
 the habit of drinking.  Some drink because they have nothing else to do—and
 idleness is the root of most  evil.   Some drink because  they have an agreeable
 friend; and in good fellowship they do not lik« to refuse the cup.whichbc holds
 out.  Bit take my word for it, that by wb *«v«r motive you  are  impelled to
 woo the mantling bowl  it  requires migbl  . ,aoh few  men  possess, to wean
 themselves from it and to break the spell once fastened upon them.

 "Know ye thaTthe drunkard shall not inherit the kingdom o/Qadf*  J C-t- v. 0.
                  Of all the fools on earth by heav'n accurst,
                   The impious drunkard surely is the worst;*.
                   In vain we seek for fools more void of sense,
                  Or deeper sunk in stupid ignorance.
                  No beast that walks the plain, or bird that flie^
                  Does so imprudent act or so  unwise;
                  The slow, the dull, the poor despised ass,
                  In wisdom does the drunkard  far surpass,
                  It drinks no more when nature's satisfy'd,
                  But leaves the stream along the vale to glide.;
                  But drunkards of inferiorsense will drink
                  Till  they can scarcely walk, or talk, or think.
                  What sin will not a drunkard then commit,
                  Whilst in this vile intoxicating fit?
                  Satan can rule him then with easy sway,
                  And  turn him as he pleases in his way.
                  His health and  wealth and character and timf,
                  Are all destroyed by this attrocious crime.
                  We censure thieves who into houses creep,
                  To rob their neighbors whilst they are asleep^
                  But of all thieves the drunkard ifwe view,
                  Ts far the worst of that degenerate crew,
                  Th' unfeeling wretch in drink does so delight,,
                  He robs his wife and children of their right,
                  To purchase poison in the flowing bowl,
                  Which brings them to want, and destroys at last (be souX

  Drunkenness reproved by,  a beast.—The late Rev. Reece Pritchard, of Wales^
iras for some time after his admission into the church, awfully ensnared by the
fiin of drunkenness, but was at length recovered from it in the following singular
manner:
  He had a tame goat which was wont to follow him to the alehouse which he
frequented; and one day, by way  of frolic, he gave the poor animal so much ale-
ffyitit became ir.tr.icatcd,  V."hat particularly etrack  Mr. P, was), that from.
                                    D 
m
Chat time, though the creature would follow him to the door, he never could get
iU> enter the house.  Revolving on this circumstance in his mind, Mr. P. was
led t.>*ee how much the sin by which he had  been enslaved, bad sunk him be-
ne«»h a Least; and not only became a sober man from that time, but, through
the divir-? imn:e, ancxamplary christian, and a very successful minister of thfa
gospel.

     THE RETAILER  AND  HIS VICTIM.—by charles w. pen.son.
                        ********
                  The hand of death wa» on him.   There he lay
                  In utter agony, upon his bed
                  Of straw; his sunken eyeupturn'd, and fix'd
                  On vacancy;  his mouth was open wide,
                  AndVoft he gasp'd for breath, like a shot bird
                  Beneath a noonday sun; his face how wan!
                  And o'er it often pass'd, like a black cloud
                  Over  a sterile waste, the awfu I frown
                  Of hopeless, deep despair.  Around him stood
                  His wretched offspring, noisy in their wo;.
                  And as their cries buret from their aching hearts',
                  They seemed to shake their tottering hut; for they,
                   Forsaken ones! had no  kind mother there,
                  To still their bitter groans.  The dying man
                   Had bid  them all adieu; had cast them forth
                   Upon the bleak, wide world,  neglected heirs
                   To a  poor beggar's will—a drunkard's name!
                   There enter'd one, with reckless step, and look,
                   That boldly mock'd this touching scene of wo.
                   lie gazed with tearless eye, and blanchless cheek,
                   Upon the wreck which he himself hath made,
                   Then seizing on his dying victim's hand,
                   Which seem'd instinctively to dread his touch,
                   With saintly voice, but quaking heart, he ask'd:
                   "My  neighbor, know'st thou me:" Deep groans replied,
                   In tones of thrilling sound—the sufferer turn'd,
                   And  fixing on his visitor an eye
                   That told unutterable things, he said:
                   "Know rou! alasl too well I do!
                   You! who havestript me  of my earthly all—
                   Have beggar'd me and mine; have made my life
                   A hell on earth; and now for me have burst
                   The  burning portals of a hell to  come!
                   Look at this frame,so weak and haggard now;
                   Look at thishovel—squalid mis'ry's den—
                   At t  pse dear innocents, and hear their sobs—
                   Then hence—and to the  spot yoy, call yonr homc,r 
                                    [271

                    But as you go, tread lightly o'er the grave-
                    Of my lost, murder'd wife—when there, reflecty
                    That, but for knowing you I now might have
                    A frame as healthy and as firm as yours;
                    That the same band you now have dared to  touch,
                    Might still have labor'd on, to gather np
                    The treasures of the soil, and joyous cast
                    Them in my partner's lap, a future store
                    For those sad, helpless orphans, that this hut,
                    Which charity to me has deign'd to loan-
                    That I might here beshelter'dfrom the storm,
                    And close my wretched days beneath a roof-
                    By you has been exchanged for that which once
                    Was mine—mine, by the purchase of my daily toib
                    And  now begone! my spirit loathes thy sight;
                    But stop—remember, we must meet again!
                    Meet at the bar of Him whose searching eye
                    Has mark'd your every step; till then, farewell."
                    He ceased.   His face was flush'd, and in his eye
                    There shone a brightness not of earth,  which seemed
                    To pass, like fiery arrows, through the soul
                    Of him who trembling listened.  He had pour'd,
                    The scorching torrent of his curses out,
                    Till it had dried.the  very fount of life,
                    And thus, while burning in its fires, he died,



 CIAUTION & REMEDIES FOR FEMALES, MOTHERS & CHILDREN,

   The many accidents happening by females clothes taking fire, induces the
 publisher to extract some  caution and remedies.—When females clothes  take
 fire, the first attempt should be to tear off that  part of the clothing which is in
 flames, and if in a room, to seize the water pitcher, if there be any.
   If unsuccessful in these" instantaneous exertions for relief,  the unfortunate
 sufferer should set herself on the floor,  rememhering that  in this posture, she
 will be better enabled to smother the flames cf her lower garments, and that an
 upright posture will render the communication of the flames, to the upper part
 of her dress more probable.
   In this situation should  there be a hearthrug or carpet, it  will,from the ma-
 terials of which it is composed, prove highly useful iu extinguishing the flames,
 when laid oc-er the burning clothes, or wrapped tight around them.
   If a person present at the time, let the  bystander instantly pass the hand un-
 der all the clothes to the sufferer's shift, and raising the whole together, should
close them over the head, by which means the flames will indubitably beextin
guished.   This may  be effected in a few  second?, that i-. in the time that a per
son can stoop to the floor, and rise again, in many  cases, no other method cat
V so ready,expeditious and effectual. 
                                   m

   The female's and children in every family thould uo told, and  known, (hal
 ijames always tend upwards, and that, consequentty, while they remain in an
 upright posture, with their clothes on fire (it usually breaking out in the lower
 part of the dress) the flames, making additional  fuel as they rise, become more
 powerful and vehement in proportion;- whereby the bosom, face and hcad,be^
 ing more exposed than other parts, to this intense vortex cr flame, must necessa-
 rily be most injured; therefore, iu such a situation, when the suftcter is alone,
 and incapable, from age, infirmity or other causes of extinguishing the flame?,
 by throwing clothes over the head, she may still  avoid  much torture, and save,
 life, by throwing herself at full length on tiu  floor, and rolling herself thereon.
 By this method, the flames may possibly be extinguished; their progress tufa Hi-.
 bly be retarded, the bosom, face and  head, preserved  from injrry : and an op-.
portinity afiorded to wait for resistance.  As soon as a woman or child's dress.
is discovered to be on fire, the sufferer should lie down,  where she may then, ei-
 ther extinguish  ths flames with her own  hands, or may  call  for assistance, and
no fatal effects can happen even in the worst event.
  Example.—A female in Hull, lately, whilst at breakfast, set fire to her clothes
and she was instantly in a blaze; but, with admirable  presence of mind,she-
availed herself of this plan;—she laid herself down upon the hearth-rug, aod
extinguished the fire with  ease.   Had she run  to the  door for assistance, she
must have been burnt to death: as the fire had destrojed one side of her dress,
and had even scorched her eye-lashes before she lay down.
                 PREVENTION OF THIS  ACCIDENT,

   Fernale3 arc most commonly the subjects of this terrible accident, owing to
their clothing being of a more combustible kind  than that of men;  woollen
Clothes not only  burning much slower than lineu or cotton, but giving an alarm
much sooner by  the smell their burning occasions.  Females, thorefore, whose
age or infirfniti-js  c.i.iii 1.3 t!i,ni m 1 ;h i> their fire sides, and prevent the hope.
of any active exertion, should wear gowns and aprons of silk, or some stuffs m
which worsted  and silk  are blended, instead of muslin and fine linen, which not
only willcatch fire almost with a spark,but will bum with the utmost rapidity.
   A woollen cloth constantly kept  in setting-rooms, e*peeialjV where there are
fires, laid loose upon the table orother peices of furniture bein* always at band
might be easily resorted to  in case of accident bv fire.   This bein«-  wrapt or
pressed tight lound a person in flames, would, by excluding the air  in manv
instances soon extinguish the fire.                                '        J
  A green baize cloth, which  being very pliable, and  likewise a neat  cover to
furniture, is recommended for this purpose; and if such were known in the fam-
ily by the name of extinguishing cloth, it probably  would  as readily  be used
when there was occasion for it, as fire engines and  buckets are now   Caro
must be taken to  procure baiza of a close texture.  Where the  baize cloth can-
   . ,      .,     •    ,     ,   ,     ------...... •   "»«« mo uuiie cioin can-
 jot be easily procureo, a cloak or a blanket, will answer the same  purpose —
  ho general opinion respecting tho use of carpets  i„ such cases, should1 not'bc
 fe£t f0"' T  1Gy af frcqurntly nailed  to the floor, or incommoded w>*
j-eighty furniture, so astoprevent instant ppplicatjnp,           -         * 
Wi
       IMMEDIATE  TREATMENT OF SCALDS  AxNX> BON&

  Without waiting to undress the patient, let every part that has been louche^
by the fire or scalding liquid, be immersed as speedily as possible m colu w ater j
or if it cannot  be placed in that liquid, let  a copious stream be poured over it,
until the clothes are thoroughly cooled. Whilst the dress is removing by one
attendant, another  should continue  to pour over  the sore parts, a quantity ot
co!d water, milk, whey, or any cold liquid that could soonest be procured;  bm
if the skin  has given waj, beer, vinegar, or any pungent application, win  but
inflame the excoriated flesh.  As soon as water can be obtameo, it shou.d Do
applied profusely and without intermix ion, as the sufferer  it undressing, ana
till the pain has entirely abated.  If the injured part cannot be  placed in  a ves-
sel of water, a single fold of sjil linen dipped  in it, must be bud over, and not
taken off, as it is intended  to exclude the air. A  large cloth m several folds
should be wetted and wrung  a little before laying it upon  the ainglo  tu.d, una
the cold must be kept up by a fresh supply of water.  At live end of hall an hour
if the pain is quite gone, the application may be discontinued, but on the least
uneasiness,  recourse must again be bad to the cold water.   The  folded  wet
cloth ought  to be changed whenever it begins to get warm -and to keep down
the inflamatiou, it will  be necessary to have two napkins, that one may replace
the other instantly.  Children who have overturned boiling water  upon them-
selves, or who have fallen into tubs of hot water,  by the immediate  use  of coy
water, nave within our know'edge escaped with only a few small  blister?.


               TO ESCAPE  FROM A  HOUSE ON FIRE.

  Provide a rope long enough to reach the ground, with a noose at one end, and,
with knots tied at intervals of one or two feet, and cause it to be  constantly fixed
round the bed post or to staples under the window.
  Nuhing can be more easy iu case of danger than, by means of the knots, as'
resting-places, to slip down such a rope.  Every floor, therefore, ought to be pro-
vided with such a tire escape, the cost of which will be seldom moie than a sin-
gle shilling.  The noose is to be used in letting down children and T.firra per-
sons, by ptacmg it  round the body, just under the arm-pits.
  The next best means of escape, if a person has neglected to prcv: ^ such a
rope, and no other means either by the stair-case or otherwise,presents fsolf,is.,
if he be on the first, or even the second floor, to throw out his bed and bed  clothes
into the street, and then to jump upon them.  la such a case he must f^o care
to use that window by which he may avoid the area and railing?, and o ?! row
the bed in such a place, as he is likely to fall upon, after taking the lea;.
  Before such means are resorted to, however,the stair-case should always be
tried, and if not entirely destroyed iu any part, or is nearly filled with fliuo«fc
he can easily descend  to the street  door, avoiding scffoctuion, by  placing his
hands over his mouth, and saving himself from being  scorched, by wearing a
blanket.
  In nurseries, or  other rooms where little  children sleep, there  ought to be
provided  one or more strong sacks,  about three  feet and  a half in depth, and
one and a half in diameter, kept open at the top with a  thick wooden hoop, ha-
-rV-i a lo-i<r  -epp ('.r'?n?.i tc it: i-r.:o ther?e packs'the '-M^Jrcn r.My be -r/Ct and k* 
t,>u]
  lown.   I ne ;jji.-.';tj who manages the above, may descend by tJie knotted fire-
  escape, or by such other means as may be at hand.


                       APPROVED FIRE ESCAPE.

   Diive a strong staple into the upper part of a window frame, either in one, or
 ;n everv floor of the house, and provide two blocks, with two or three puilies ir
 each.  Now put a rope through each pulley, of a length sufficient to reach tin
 ground  from the top. of the window.  Provide, also, a strong bag or sack, of i-
 bout four feet decp,and eighteen inches wide, with a wooden bottom, and a few
 hoops to keep the sack open.   When an unhappy occasion requires the upc of
 them, let the hoop of the upper block be hung m the staple; then the person of
 persons must stand on the  wooden bottom, draw the  sack up about them, and
 hang the string of the sack on the Book of the wooden block, when any one
 ■ersnn mav, with the greatest ease and safety, let another  down into the street,
 and drawing up the sack again, may, in like manner,  letdown  a  whole  family;-*
 w<.uienj children, sick, old and  infirm;  and at last lover himself down by only.
 folding  the same open in his own hands.



                            ANNIVERSARY

 Of the Humane Society, for the recovery of persons in a state of suspended anima-.
                                   tion.
   The object of this society, and the successful exertions which they have made
 a restoring to life persons who have been drowned, are generally known.  The
 sblio-.ving statement, however, may not be uninteresting.
   Since the establishment of the society in 1774, upwards of five  thousand per-
 sons have been rescued from apparent death, and among were many respctable
 members of society, add a  great number  of persons who attempted to commit
 jiiizide.
   The object of the society is  to preserve from premature death, persons appa-,
 rently dead from drowning, hanging, lightning,cold, heat,  noxious vapours, in-
 CBxication, and apoplexy.
   Before this society  was established, many persons,  in every  situation, were
interred as  dead, when life was only suspended.
   The committee stated in their report, that, during the rate frost, twentv-eifbX
 persons had been saved from a premature death, by the agents of the society, at
 the three following places, viz.   At the serpentine river, fourteen—at St. Jamesr
 channel  12, and at the Regent's Park, two.   Only one life was  lost, and this a
 sose  from great negligence, and disregard of repeated warnings by the society V
 men.                     #
   The committee, consistently  with the objects of the society, are constantly a-
 vailing themselves of the improved state of medical science, with a view to per-
^ct their methods of treatment.
   'esirous of holding out an inducement to  medical men, to pursue this  ben-
eficial track, they adopted this  resolution on the 17th  of March last, to offer a
;>rizegold r^dal. of thirty  guineas, for the  best, and a silver medal, of fifteen, 
M
 ».iineas, for the senna best medical essay, on I'ho subject 01 suspended finu^.
 Uh  ,  n.l the best means of r:storing life,as well as the best and most approve,-..
 app.i.  ..:- U> be used for that purpose.   The points to be especially embraced by
 times, iv, have, at the request of the committee, been drawn up by Benjamin
 Colin t- J3r.)die, esq. surgeon of St. George's hospital, and a member of tne com.r
 mitiee, as follows, viz.
   '•To determine the physiologcal phenomena which  occur in cases of deatb
 from drowning, strangulation, the respiration of gases  which are unfit for the
 maintenance of li'e, lightning, exposed to intense cold;  and to explain the med-
 ical and surgical treatment, which should be employed for the recovery of per
 soih wh> are in danger of perishing Jrom any of the above mentioned causes."
   The following are the methods of treatment recommended by the society, and
 which cannot be too widely disseminated.
 .  Caution.—Lose no time—avoid all rough  usage—never hold the body up by
 the feet, nor roll it on casks, nor  rub it with salts or spirits, nor inject the smoke
 of tobacco, or infusion of tobacco.
   If apparently drowned, send quickly for medical assistance, but donotdelag
 the  loll owing means.
   Restorative means.—Convey the body carefully,  with the head and shouldery
 suppjrted in a raised position, to the nearest house. Strip the body, and  rub it
 dry; then wrap it i^ hot blankets, and place it in a warm bed in a warm cham
 ber.   Wipe and cleanse the mouth and nostrils.  In order to restore the natural
 warmth of the body, move a heated, covered warming pan over the back and
 spine.   Put bladders or  bottles of hot water, or heated bricks, to the pit of the
 stomach, the arm pits, between  the thighs, and the soles of the feet.  Foment
 the body with flanneis, but, if possible, immerse it in a warm bath, hot as the
 hand Can bear  without  pain, as  this is preferable to the other :neans for resto-
 ring warmth.   Rub the boay briskly with  ihe hands; but do not. however, susr
 pend the use of the other means  at the same time.
   la order to  restore breathing,  introduce the  pipe  of a common bellowp.
 (where the apparatus of the society is  not at  hand) into one nostril, carefully
 closing the other, and the mouth—at the same time drawing downwards, and
 pushing gently backwards, the upper part of the wind-pipe, toallow a more free
 admission of air.  Blow the bellows gently, in order to inflate the lungs, till the
 breast  be a little raised;  then the mouth and nostrils should be set free, and u
 moderate pressure made with the hand  upen the chest.  Repeat  this process
 till life appears.  Inject into the  stomach, by means of an elastic tube, or sy-
 ringe,  half a pint of warm brandy and water,  or wine and water.  Apply sal
 volatile or hartshorn, to the nostrils.
   If apparently dead from intense cold, rub the body with snow, ice, or cold wa-
ter.  Restore warmth by slow degrees, and after some time, if necessary, em-
ploy the means recommended for the drowned.  In these accidents, it is highly
dangerous to apply heat too freely.
   If apparently dead from hanging, in addition to the means recommended for
the drowned, bleeding should be early employed by a medical assistant.
   If apparently dead from noxious vapors, &c. remove the body into a cool,fresh
 air, and dash cold water on the neck, face and breast, frequently.   If the body
 be cold, appl v warmth as recommended for the drowned.   Use the means as a-
bove recommended for inflating the lungs.  Let electricity (particularly in in-
cidents from lightning) be early employed by a mec leal assistant. 
i&3
   If apparently dead from intoxication, lay the body On & bed, with the hene*
 raised.  Remove the neck-cloth, and loosen the clothes.   Obtain instant medi-
 cal assistance, as the treatment must be regulated by the state of the patient;
 but, in  the  meantime, apply clothes, soaked  in  cold water, to  the head,aird
 bottles of hot water, or hot bricks, to the calves of the legs, and to the feet.
   If apparently dead from apoplexy,  the patient should be placed in a cool air)
 and the clothes loosened, particularly about the neck and  breast.  Bleeding
 must be early employed  by a medical assistant, and  the quantity regulated by
 the 6tate of the pulse.  Cloths soaked in water, spirits or vinegar and  water, '
 should be applied to the  head, which should  be instantly shaven.  All stimu-
 lants should be avoided.  Incase of strokes of the sun, the same means to be
 used as in apoplexy.
   General observations.—On restoration to life, a tea-spoon full of warm watdr
 should be given, then, if the powers of swallowing be restored, small quantities
 cf warm wine, or weak brandy and water warm.
   The patient should be  kept in beay and a disposition to sleep encouraged, ex-
 cept in cases of intoxication, apoplexy, or a stroke of the  sun.   Great care is
 requisite to maintain the  restored vital actions,  and at the same time to prevent
 Undue excitement.
   The treatment recommended by the society, is to be persevered in for threh
 or four hours.
   It is an erroneous opinion  that persons are  irrecoverable, because life does
 not soon  make its appearance.  And it is absurd to suppose a body must not be
 meddled with or removed, wrthout the permission of a coroner.—London petpef'.



   DIGGING OF WELLS, OPENING OF VAULTS CIST-POOLS, fcc*

   In places where a lighted candle will not burn, animal life cannot be suppor-
 ted; and therefore, in all cases, where wells, cist-pools or deep vaults, are to
 be opened, a large candle, lighted, ought to be let down very slowly  to the bot-
 tom, before any person attempts to descend.   If the candle is  extinguished,
 means must be adopted to remove the  noxious air, before any one attempts to
 descend.  To effect this,  the following modes will answer:  1st.   Leta leather
 pipe of an engine be introduced to the bottom of the well, if empty, or the sur-
 face of the water, and affix a blacksmith's bellows to the other end, when by
 well working this, the foul air may be expelled.  2dly.  Carbonic acid gas may
 be balled out with a bucket made of coarse cloth like a bag, with a round piece
of board, nearly  the diameter of the well at the bottom, let  the bucket,thus made-.
down upon the water, so that the bottom may  rest upon it, and let the bag fall
upon the bottom,then draw it up, when it  will be filled  with  foul air,  which
may be brought up to the  surface, and emptied by turning out and shaking the
bag.  3dly.  Lst down about a bushel of quick  lime, dipping it into the water
occasionally to slake it; or, if there  be no water in the well, throw down some
for the purpose..  4-thly.   Pour down a large /lirantitv cf boiling water rc-nc—,-
 rfym the well.                                                       ' 
[33]
              CONSUMPTION,  COUGH, DEBILITY, &c.
  The following receipt for the cure of consumption, &c. has been handed to
me for the good of the public.   And as it came from  an individual whose vera-
city I cannot doubt, I cheerfully give it for their use and trial.
   R. Take one quart of best French brandy, put into it from half to a gill of
tar, together put into a jug.
   The above is to be measured by a stick put into the jug to ascertain its re-
duction  after the following are added.
   Take  rattle  root, birch bark, boneset or thorrowort, cumfrey, hoarnound,
tanzy, catmint, spikenard-root and liverwort, a small handfull of each.  Boil
all these last mentioned in about six  quarts, or more of water, over a slcJw.fir.e
until the strength appears to be extracted, then strain the liquor and boil it
down to about three half pints, then  add this to the brandy and  tar.   Boil the
whole together  in the jug corked and placed in a vessel of boiling water and boil
it, until  reduced to one quart.
   Dose.  O.ie table spoonful I three times a day for a grown person, unless toe
patient is very  weak, small doses may be taken to begin with,

                             DYSENTERY,
   So common in our country during  the warm season of the year by which a-
larming disease—many valuable lives are sacrificed for want of timely  assist-
ance.  The receipt now offered to the public—is a sovereign remedy for this
complaint, and  within the reach of every remotely situated family.
   R.  Take a handfull of the inner bark of slippery elm, eidier green or dry-~-
pound it so as to extract the virtues easily, pour on it  about  one pint of boil-
ing water,stir it until  it becomes a thick jelly; then strain and add half a pint
of spirits, (brandy is preferred) a grated nutmeg, and about as much  powdered
cinnamon, lastly sweeten it with  loaf sugar, if to be had, if not, it may be taken
without, or sweetened with common sugar.   In case neither of the last mention-
ed articles could be procured in time—let the simple elm jelly be mixed with
common whiskey—and taken in rather larger doses.
   Dose.  Take one gill at first, and two table sooonsfull every hour  after until
the disorder is checked.  To young persons in proportion, according to age and
circumstances,
   N. B.  The stomach and bowels ought previously to be cleansed by a brisk
cathartic, such as castor oil, rhubarb, calomel  and jalap or any other  physic
most convenient.  But in case no  physic can be had conveniently and the cass
be alarming—administer as above directed.
   Another.   Take one gill of sweet oil, one gill pure West India rum (or brandy)
and  one gill of molasses—simmer them together gently, over a moderate fire,
stirring the same until the ingredients are well mixed.  To an adult, adminis-
ter a common table spoonfull every hour, and to children in proportion to their
aSes-
   Another.   It is said by those who have tried this simple remedy, a strong de-
coction (or tea) made of rue, and  freely drank, has cured the dysentery, and
the summer complaint in children.

        CHOLERA MORBUS, OR VOMITING AND PURGING.
   The elm jelly prepared as in dysentery, and odd tq the same quantity cf jelly 
                                  [34]

 one gill of essence of peppermint or ess. of winter green, (the latter is prefer-
 red) taking care so as to intermix them well by constantly beating with a spoon
 until incorporated.  Add some grated nutmeg, and^sweetened with loaf sugar,
 or take it without if the stomach should refuse it sweetened.
   Dose.   Two. table spoonsfull every half hour or oftener tpa grown person.—*
 Apply to the stomach at the same time mint leaves stewed in spirits.  After (he
 stomach appears to be settled give a purge.

                    DIARRHOEA OR LOOSENESS.
   Where the case appears to be obstinate, administer a vomit so as to dislodge
 the offending matter: after this,give either in the two foregoing as there directed.

                POISONS  TAKEN IN  THE STOMACH.
   It is asserted that two teaspoons full of made  mustard mixed with warm wa-
 ter, instantly administered will act as an instantaneous emetic and throw off the
 poisonous contents.

                 POISONS AFFECTING THE SKIN.
   Take equal quantities of lime water and vinegar,frequently washing therewith
 -^will cure.

                            TOOTH ACH.
   Alum  reduced to very fine powder, two drams, (| of an ounce,) sweet spirits
 of nitre, seven drams, mixed, apply to the tooth.
   The washing with cold water regularly every morning behind the ears, has a
 tendency to stop and prevent the tooth ach,

                          TOOTH POWDER,
   The cheapest and perhaps the best is charcoal reduced to a fine powder, then
 take as much  table salt, roast it  in an iron ladle till it becomes perfectly dry;
 make this likewise very fine and mix them together—this powder is considered
 a preserver of the teeth and gums.

                        CURE FOR QUINSY.
   A plaster made of equal quantities of soap and table salt mixed, and sufficient
 spirits of camphor added to form it  into a plaster, and applied to the throat, and
 renewed whenever it gets dry or hard like.   At the same  time, mix table  salt
 with hot vinegar, and let the patient inhale (through the spout of a tea pot) the
 steam.                                                             *
   It is believed that the above will  answer in common sore throats.

                        CURE FOR DROPSY.
   Take two handsfull of the green inner bark of the white common elder, steep
it in two quarts of white Lisbon wine twenty-four hours, take a gill  of the wine
in  the morning, fasting, or more if it can be  borne; or if more convenient, part
in  the morning and part about noon, on an empty stomach.

                  CURF FOR FEVER AND AGUE.
   Take half an ounce ofcloves.halfdo.ofcreamof tartar.one ounce of PenM- 
[35]
  an bark:  put them into a bottle  of  best port or Lisbon w ine, and take the line
  ture on the well days, as fast as the stomach will receive it.
    N. B.   The stomach and bowels should previously be  cleansed by a vomit
  and a purge.
    The fever and ague may in a great degree be prevented or kept off, by those
  whose situations are near a mill pond or other stagnated waters, by the follow-
 ing simple method:   Never go out in the morning with an empty stomach, nor
 overload it at any time: Keep the stomach and bowels clean by occasionally ta-
 king proper physic.   Never overload the stomach with any kinds  of food.-—
 Keep clear of drinking whiskey-; avoid the morning and evening vapor that a-
 rises from the  water,  and take regularly, every night, a bowl of ginger tea, du-
 ring the season the  air is affected.

                              SMALL POX.
   Symptoms.—A few days prior to the attack, the patient complains of languor
 and weariness, succeeded by cold shivering and transient glows of heat, imme-
 diately before the fever, which is accompanied by violent pains of the head and
 loins, and frequently,  with a severe oppressive pain at the pit of the stomach.
 The patient is very drowsy and sometimes delirious.  About the third day, the
 eruption appears like flea bites, first on the face and limbs, and afterwards on the
 body.  From this period, the pustules gradually increase, and on the fifth  or
 sixth day, will  begin to turn white on the tops.   The throat at this period, of-
 ten becomes painful and inflamed, and sometimes on  the seventh day the face
 is considerably swelled.
   In the confluent, the spots assume a crimson color, and instead 6f rising, like
 the distinct kind, they  remain flat and run  into  clusters,  and during the  first
 days of the eruption, much resembling the measles, but of a purple color.  The
 flow of saliva is constant in this form of the disease, and becomes so viscid  as
 to be discharged with the greatest difficulty.
   Treatment.— The cure of small  pox depends on the general principle of the
 anti-phlogistic plan, especially in a free  admission of cold air, which maj  be
 carried much farther in this  than in  any other disease.  Bleeding in the first
 stage of the disease, or when the pulse is full, may be allowed, but the use  of
 cooling purgatives, with acids and diluent drinks are indispensible.
  When the eruption makes its appearance in clusters of a dark red colour, the
 disease is more of a putrid  nature, and consequently,  instead of bleeding, re-
 quires a liberal use of bark and wine to invigorate the constitution, and where
 the Peruvian bark cannot be easily come at,  the black  and red oak bark may be
 substituted, but in rather larger portions.   In the confluent small pox, the bath-
 ing ot the patient repeatedly in a strong decoction made of oak bark about milk:
 Warm is highly recommended.
  But besides this general  treatment, there aie some symptoms which require
particular attention.  Thus, when convulsions or great restlessness prevails,
exposure to cold air, and a dose of laudanum  is enjoined.  When perspiration  is
much impeded,  or difficulty of swallowing, blisters may be applied to the breast
 and neck; and gargles, such as are recommended for sore throat, are  frequent-
ly employed.
  When this disease finds its  way into a family, all those who have not had, it
should be inoculated  with  the vario'.us matter, if the  vaccine fluid cannot be
procured. 
[30]
   The benefits which result from inoculation  are great, as w« have had an op-
 portunity to prepare the system by abstinence frcm animal food, and by taking
 one or two purges of calomel and jalap before the'eruption takes place.  But if
 the subject be of a weak delicate habit, a restorative diet alone will be more
 proper.  In every stage of the small pox, the bowels should be kept open, either
 by mild purgatives or clysters.
   Regimen.—The diet  is to consist of vegetable substances, as arrow-root, pa-
 nado, milk, &c. and when the eruption is completed, a  more nourishing diet
 may be allowed.  If the disease be of a putrid  kind, wine, cider, porter, or milk
 toddy may be given freely.
   In this, as in all diseases connected with putrescency, the advantages arising
 from cleanliness, as well as from frequent ventilation of the chambers, are  eo
 obvious, that to insist on them is unnecessary.

                      ABSCESS OF THE LIVER.
   Captain B. Burcb, of the district of Columbia, was afflicted with an abscess
 of the liver, deemed incurable by his physicians; and seeing some onions in tho
 room, expressed a wish  to eat one.  Thinking his case desperate and no lon-
 ger a  matter of  consequence what  he ate, his  wife  immediately gratified
 his appetite.  After eating one or two onions, he  found himself much  better,
 which induced  him further to indulge his appetite.   He  subsisted for several
 weeks entirely on onions, with only the addition of a  little salt and bread; and
 from using this  diet he was restored to perfect health.   This, and  similar cir-
 cumstances, in  the cure of diseases, nature ought always to be consulted, as she
 seldom or never errs.
   Onions are also highly recommended in suppression of urine and dropsies.

                        CURE FOR TETTER.
   Take of blood root (called also red root, Indian paint, &c.) slice it and steep
 it in vinegar, shaking it occasionally, in a few days it will be fit for use.  Wash
 the part affected with it frequently.   It will certainly cure.

                        CURE FOR SCURVY.
   Rinsing the mouth occasionally with Turlington's  Balsam,  or Bals. dematha
 whilst at the same time taking some cooling axative medicine.

                    MORTIFICATION  TO STOP.
   Make a decoction  of sasafra?, and  apply.   Or, powdered charcoal and mix
 with the oil of sassafras, and apply   Or yest, and apply.  To prevent mortifi-
 cation, sprinkle sugar over the affected part.

                         BLISTERED FEET.
   Take spirits and tallow drops into it from a candle and rub  them with  it.

             RHEUMATISM AND COUf Y  AFFECTIONS.
   The bounce of poke berries, a wine glass full three times a day.  The bounce
?3 prepared in the following ma iner:  Fill a jug with the berries when ripe,
and pour on as much spirits as the  vessel wi f contain, and  ad soon  as the ' 
m
 strength is extracted it will be lit for use.  Or, take a hand full  of the La. k of
 prickly ash, half a gill of bruised mustard seed put into a quart of whi^kej :  let
 it stand for eight or ten days—frequently shaking it, when  it will be fit for use.
 A grown person may take  from two to three wine glasses a day.  But a more
 speedy cure may be (fleeted by applying at the same time, outwardly, the fol-
 lowing lineinent:  Take of oil of hemlock 1 ounce, oil of sassafras half ounce,
 rectified oil of amber half an ounce, tincture of cantharides 1  oz., neefs foot tr
 bear's oil,2 oz., mix by meltiug the latter, and when applied warm it  a little.
 It is likewise good for all kinds of sprains and bruises, both in man and beatt.

                                ASTHMA.
   A tircture made of fresh plant, as I r. Drury states, of the Indian tobacco, lo-
 bilia inflata, and taken according to his  statement.
   1 had a tincture made of the fresh plant, and took care to have the spirit fully
 saturated, which I think is important.   In a paroxysm, which was perhaps as
 severe as I ever experienced, the difficulty of breathing was extreme, and  after
 it had continued a considerable time, I took a table spoon full.   In three or four
 minutes my breathing was as free as it ever was, but I  felt no  nausea at the
 stomach,   la  ten minutes I took another spoon full, which occasioned sickness.
 After ten minutes more 1 took the  third, which  produced sensible  effects upon
 the coats of the stomach with moderate puking, and a kind of prickly sensation
 through the whole system, even to the extremities of the fingers and toes.  The
 urinary passage was perceptibly affected with a  smarting sensation in passing
 urine, which was probably provoked by stimulus on the bladder.  But all these
 setisations very soon subsided, and a vigor seemed to bo restored to the consti-
 tution, which I had not experienced for years.  I have not since had a parox-
 ysm, and only a few times some small symptoms of asthma.   Besides the vio-
 lent attacks, I had scarcely passed a night without more or less of it, and often
 so as not to be able to lie in bed.  Since that time I have enjoyed as good health
 as perhaps before the first attack.
  Dr. Cutter states a particular case has been  related to him, of an effectual
 cure of hydrophobia, or bite of a mad  dog, in  lhe  last stage of the disease, by
 this plant.

     OPIUM OR LAUDANUM  TAKEN  IN LARGE  QUANTITIES.
  Dr. Burton states, that he had been for some years in the habit of applying to ■
 bacco leaves to the region of the stomach of persons who have swallowed large
 quantities of opium, and other similar article:-, with  a  view of destroying them-
selves.  It is well known, says he, that in these cases the stomach is often inirri-
 table, insomuch that the most powerful emetics have little effect in rousing tha*
 organ into action.  Here, as an auxiliary ,at least, the tobacco, in the  manner
 I have mentioned, is certainly very useful, and in many instances ought not to
 be neglected.

                        SPITTING  OF BLOOD.
  When there is a discharge from the mouth of blood of a florid colour brought
 up with more  or le^s coughing, preceded by a sense of tightness, weight, and
anxiety in the chest, and attended with a saltish taste of the spittle,  it is in coa-
sequence of a ruptured vessel of the lung?. 
   Cause*.—Pie thoro— Violent exercise of the  lungs—and frequently a fauUjr
conformacon cf the chest.
   Treatment.—Give immediately from a tea to a table spoonfull of common salt,
which must oe repeated every two hours or oflener, in large doses until it is
checked.   And to prevent a return of the disease, a small table spoonfull of the
salt must be taken  daily for two or three days.  Professor  Rush employed the
common salt with  success,  in hoemorrhages from the stomach, accompanied
with vomiting.
   Another.—A  tea made of water hoarhound, (called also bugle weed) and drank
is asserted to stop  the inward bleeding,  The same will  restrain the bleedhfg
of »:;\var' injuries.  The bleeding from outward injuries may also be restrain-
ej& by the application of powdered gum arable.

                           BILIOUS FEVER.
   Take a handfull  of peach leaves, either dry  or green to one quart of water,
stew it over a moderate fire to a pint and a half, strain, and  when cool let a
gro.wn person take a cupjfull every two.hours till the fever is broke.  To children
in proportion to age.  It may be sweetened, or  be made  into syrup.  The fol-
low ing is the manner of making the syrup.
   Take an equal quantity of the decoction and molasses,  simmer it over a slow
fire until it becomes a thick syrup.   Half the quantity of  the syrup or less, ev^
ery two or three hours for an adult is sufficient, for children, less in proportion.
   The latter is an excellent purgative for children; in all cases where a mild
laxative is required, it is in it's  operation milder than senna,  and has the advan-
tage over senna as  it will in a short time remove the fever bv giving repeated
doses.                                               EXPERIENCE.

CURE FOR THE BITE  OF COPPERHEADS  OR RATTLE SNAKES.
   Powdered charcoal mixed with hogs  lard  made into a salve and applied, ev-
ery halt' hour, is said to be a certain cure.
   Another.—A strong decoction made of  the bark of the  root of the yellow
poplar, washing the swelled part therewith frequently, whilst at the  same time
the patient is to take of the same decoction half a  pint every half hour.   The
bark may at the same time be boiled as a poultice and applied.
   A poultice made  of tobacco and applied immediately and  often renewed, has
Cured the bites of snakes.
   The sting of wasps, may be cured in a few minutes, by the application of to-
bacco.

                             DEAFNESS.
   In many cases of deafness, the indurated wax is the cause.   The following
is recommended:   Syringe the cavities well with warm and strong suds of cas-
tik *«ap twice a day, the ears constantly filled in  the interim with pillets of
wo ' 'lipped in strong camphorated linament. and sometimes plugs of camphor.
   A<; equal quantity of best sweet oil, laudanum and Turlington's balsam,two
or < iref-drops dropped  into the ear, has proved  beneficial in deafness, and in
car ■■!} perhaps uothing is better.
   Fi't. y powdered table salt, dropped into (he ear, is sometimes highly useful
In deafness. 
[39]
                        INSECTS IN THE EAR.
   A few drops of spirits, spirits of camphor or vinegar dropped into the ear, will
 cause them to egress.

                            SORE NIPPLES.
   A decoction made of the roots of wild indigo and used as a wash, is a remedy
 Or, take the bark of the roots and simmer it in cream, fresh butter or lard and
 make an ointment of it, and apply.

                           SORE BREASTS.
   Take ofcastilesoap shaved fine, put it into a vessel well covered with water,
 then place it on some live coals to melt, when melted take it off and stir Indian
 meai suffic'ent into it to make a salve  or  poultice.  Apply this frequently to
 the breasts.   If the breasts be much inflamed add some camphor to the soap
 whilst melting.

              OBSTINATE OLD SORES AND  ULCERS.
   Make a bread and milk poultice and add a small handfull of cut tobacco, or
 tobacco leaves cut fine, and apply renewedly until the sore is  brought to supu-
 ration.   It may then be dressed with basilicon ointment renewed twice in twen-
 ty-four  hours until the matter ceases running, when some heading salve may be
 applied,

                     FOR WORMS IN^DHILDREN.
   Juice of rue and wormwood, together with  honey and  rye flour, of each  a
 small quantity;  to this add half an ounce of aloes powdered, mix them all to-
 gether and divide the composition into two piasters, thinly spread.  Lay on the
 first from the throat to the pit of the stomach  and let it stay on twelve hours—
 then put the other close below that, and let them both stay on twelve hours lon-
 ger.  The fever  will abate, and the worms be carried by giving a purge.

                        WHITLOW  OR FELON.
   Take two teaspoons full of table salt, wrap it up in a piece of brown paper,
 wet and doubled, lay it in hot ashes the same  as one would roast  an onion, let
 it remain from twenty to twenty-five minutes, then take it out and powdered ve-
 ry fine—mix with it about an equal quantity  of brown soap, (if the soap ha= no
 turpentine in, add a little) make it to a salve and apply.  It will in a few hours
 check the pain and destroy the felon. The sore may afterwards be treated as o-
 thar sores.

                             KINGS EVIL.
   A poultice made of boiled carrots, applied and often renewed has cured.

                        CURE FOR CANCER.
   Take  red oak bark, burn it to ashes, then boil it in the same way as one would
by making it into pearl ash, except that it is left in the state of a paste. So read
this paste on  to a rag and apply to the cancer.  Renew  the plaster every six
hours.   It will draw out the cancer by the roots.   Afterwards apply  healing
salve to  the 60re part 
                                  [iO]

                     BLEEDING OF THE LUNGS.
   A half tumbler of gin sling well covered with grated nutmeg, is said to pro-
duce a speedy cure in this complaint.

                              JAUNDICE
   It is said that the herb called blazing star or DaviPd bit, steeped in beer and '
drank, to be a cure.

                                 TILES.
   It. is said that the steaming with yarrow, by setting over it will effectually cure,

                   WEAKNESS AND TREMBLING.
   A decoction made of the sweet birch bark, and drank as a common drink-
will cure.

                       COLD  FEET TO CURE.
   The bathing the feet in cold water will soon remove that tenderness and trou-
ble, the feet become so as to stand the coldest of weather without feeling much
inconvenience.   There is no danger to be apprehended, even to the most weak-
ly constitutions, or even females in any situation, by pursuing the following
method:—Begin by dipping your feet in, and quick out "again, wipe them dry,
and rub them afterwards well  with a piece of flannel to cause a circulation of
the blood; next day a little longer,and so on,a little longer for five or six days;
when, after that time, one may keejfHhem in for many minutes and not receive
injury. In the morning when first getting up, or in the evening befoie going to
bed is the most suitable time for this luxury.
   Persons subject to tooth and headach, quinsy and other gore throats, will find
the bathing of their heads and necks every day in cold water, very beneficial as
a preventative.—Indeed, were  we to accustom  ourselves to the bathing of our
whole bodies in cold water, we should escape many disorders.
                                                       EXPERIENCE.

                               CRAMP.
   A cramp of the thigh or calf of the leg may  be relieved by standing up, and
throwing the weight of the body on the toes, which extends the muscles, and
the spasm  passes off.—Persons subject to the cramp in the stomach, should ac-
custom themselves to drinking of ginger tea once a day.

                            LOCKED JAW.
   Bathe the affected part which has caused the jaws to set  in strong ley, made
warm, keeping the affected part in it until the spasm is over.
   Another.  The following receipt is said to be a sure preventive against this
terrible disease.—Take some strong soft soap and mix it with a sufficient quan-
tity of pulverized chalk, so as to make it the consistency of buckwheat batter—
put ii  into a cloth, or small  bag, and  apply it to th»>  wound—keep  the chalk
moistened  with a fresh supply of 6oap until the wound begins to discharge, and
the patient finds relief. 
[41]
                             NIGHT MARE.
    Sleep on a hard bed, which invites to frequent changes of sides.  Eat light
 euppers, which, with due exercise, and cheerfulness during  the day, form the
 best preventive medicines.

                            FROSTED FEET.  ,
    Bathe them with snow, or  immerse them in very cold  water until they are
 thawed; afterwards apply warms very carefully ana slowly,by which means
 they may  soon be restored.

                  CURE FOR  FROST  BITTEN FEET.
    Take the fat of a dunghill fowl and rub the place or places affected  with it,
 morning and evening, over a  warm fire, at the same time wrapping a piece of
 woollen cloth, well greased with the same fat, round the frostbitten parts; in
 two or three days they will feel no pain, and in five or six will be quite cured.
    If the inner bark of elder, or the leaves of plantain, be first simmered with the
 fat it will  be better.

                        BITE OF a  MAD DOG.
    Taice one ounce and three-fourths of  elecampane root, cut  it fine anc! boil it
 in one pint of new milk, down to  half a pint, take this in  the  morning fasting,
 and eat nothing until four o'clock in the afternoon.  It must be taken three mor-
 nings in succession.   At the same time wash the bitten part with a strong so-
 lution made of muriatic acid and  water or strong salt and water.

                    DYSPEPSIA  OR  COSTIVENESS.
   Upon respectable authority  the  samson snake-root is a certain remedy in this
 complaint.—Steep a handfull  of the root in a bottle of spirits, let it stand for a
 few days, then take for an adult half a wine-glass  full diluted with water three
 times a day.—Samson root grows  from six to twelve inches on dry  land, bears
 on the top two or  three pale blue flowers; leaves  opposite, sword shaped; the
 root matted, variously bent, and has an agreeable bitter taste.

                      HERNIA, OR RUPTURES.
   Ruptures may in almost all cases and all  ages, in both sexes, be cured, if a
 proper bandage or truss is immediately procured, and the following decoction-
 regularly applied every morning:  Take of tamer's  bark, made fine, steep it
 in water until the liquid becomes very strong; keep this liquid sitting in a cool
 place, and with it wash the part affected.

               CROUP.—See treatise for Croup or Hives.
  But should such means as  there prescribed fail, administer without  delay
 from forty to sixty grains of calomel at once.  There is no  danger to be appre-
hended by administering in such large portions, as it will work itself off sooner
than when itis given in smaller quantities.  But a gentle  purge is best to give
to work it off after the child has recovered.                EXPERIENCE.

               CURE  FOR PUTRID SORE THROAT.
  Take green hickory wood and burn it to charcoal, pulverize it and sift it thro*
                                  F 
[42]
a coarse cloth or fine seivc; lake two table spoon3 full of thio sifted powder in
a quart of vinegar, half an ounce of salt petre to be added, to gargle with; and
to be repeated every fifteen minutes.   Or make a decoction ot wh.te eck  bark,
and add one-fourth  part of tincture of myrrh, and  gargle with.   At the r-ame
time whilst using the gargle, prepare and take two  pods  of red pepper, sew
it in a pint  of water to  half a pint, fill it up to a pint with vinegar and mix
with it two tea spoons  full of salt: take and swallow a teaspoon full of this ev-
ery two hours.  Likewise  swallow a spoonful! of yest every twelve  hours to
work the complaint out of the stomach.—For outward application to the throat
prepare the following:  Take of hard soap and table salt equal quantities, mix,
and add as much spirits of camphor as will make it into a salve; spread ii on
a linen rag doubled, and apply to the throat fresh whenever it gets hard or dry-;
If soft soap be added to the salt, take the gum camphor, made fine.

                                WENS.
  The oil of sassafras,  by frequently  rubbing therewith, will remove them.

                     CURE FOR THE GRAVEL.
  Take the expressed juice of horsemint, or make a strong decoction of the dri-
ed herb by boiling it over a slow fire until its virtues are extracted ;  mix with
this an equal  quantity  ofthejiice of red onions: of this mixture, let the pa ient
lake one gill  in the morning, and the same in the evening  until  the complaint
is removed.

                SUBSTITUTE FOR  SPANISH FLIES.
   In situations where the flies cannot easily be got, the bark of the root of white
walnut, pounded or mashed, and applied, will draw a blister.

                                COLIC.
  A handfull of the green  inner baik of the common white elder, to a quart of
brandy or gin, and let  it stand for a day or two, when it will be fit for use.—
Haifa gill of this tincture to a grown person, and as often repeated as  may ap-
pear necessary, is perhaps as certain a remedy  in this  distressing complaint,
as any perhaps made use of.
                 DOMESTIC  ECONOMY.

                          CHEESE  MAKING.
  Milk is well known to consist of and  is easily  separated into three parts-
cream, curd and whey.—The cream is of an oily, rich  and sweet substance,
diffused through the others, and easily separated  from them, by standing, but
can never be hardened or  curdled with rennet.   Curd may be separated from
the whey, by heating it in a litt'e more than blood or milk heat whenitnmes
from the cow, and adding a little renn'et, and its richness depends upon the qual-
ity of cream that may bediffused through it, and which may beeasily pressed
out,   Whey is the remaining fluid, and its richness, color, and taste, depend* 
[43]
 npou the quantity of cream it may contain.—Cheese, it is well known, is made
 from the curd, arid the cheese is better the more it contains of the cream, or or
 that oilv matter which constitutes butter: its goodness, therefore, depends in a
 grea  measure upou the manner of separating the whey from the curd.
   If the milk be much heated, the curd broken in peices, and the whey forcibly
 separated  or pressed out with heavy weights, or patent presses, as is the prac-
 tice with many, the cheese is scarce good for any thing, but the whey is deli-
 cious, especially the last pressed  out, and  butter may be obtained  from it in
 considerable quantities:  a full proof that nearly the whole creamy part of  the
 milk has been separated from the cheese and is in the whey. Whereas, if the
 milk be not too much heated, just  sufficient to curdle, if the curd be  allowed to
 remain unbroken, and the whey be separated by very slow and gentle pressure,
 the cream is retained and the cheese is excellent, but the whey is almost trans-
 parent and nearly colourless.                   A lover op good cheese.

                         TO CURE  BUTTER.
   Take two parts of the best common salt, one part of sugar, and one part of
 salt petre, beat them up and blend the whole  together.  Take one ounce of this
 composition foreverv 16 ounces  of butter, work it well into a mass, and close
 it  up for use.—Butter cured in this way  appears of a rich marrowy consistence,   ♦
 and fine color, and never acquires  a brittle  hardness, nor tastes salt.  It will
 likewise keep good three years, only observing that it must stand three  weeks
 or a month before It is used.

                 DIRECTIONS FOR MILKING COWS.
   Go to the cow stall at 7 o'clock, take with  you cold water and a sponge, and
 wash each cow's udder clean before milking."  Douse the udder well with cold
 water winter and summer, as it braces and repels heat.  Keep your hands and
 arms clean; milk each cow as dry as you can, morning and evening, and when
 you milk each cow as you suppose dry, begin again with the cow you first mil-
 ked, and drip themeach; for the principal reason of cows failing in their milk,
 is  from negligence in not milking the cow dry, particularly at the time the calf
 is  taken from the cow.   Suffer no  one to milk a cow  but yourself, and have no
 gossipping in the  stall.  Every  Saturday night give an exact account  of the
quantity of milk each cow has given in the week.
   It is said, that in Norway where cows  goto the hot springs for their drink in
the winter seasjn, give larger quantities of milk than those fed and watered in
 the ordinary way.° Would it not  pay our farmers for their trouble in the cold
season of the year to warm their water and slops?

 TO MAKE BREAD  WITH A  VERY SMALL QUANTITY OF YEST.
   Put one  bushel of flour into the trough, mix three quarters of a pint  of warm
water, and one tea spoon full of thick yest well together; pour a small quanti-
 ty  in a hole made in the centre of the flour large enough to contain two gallons
of  water; then st;r with a stick, about two feet long, some of the flour, until it is
thick as pudding batter.  Strew some of the dry flour over it,and let it rest for an
 hour, then  pour in about a quart more  water, and  having birred  it as before,
 leaveit for two heurs,and then add a gallon more ol warm water;  ttir in  the
 flour again, and in about four hours mere, mix up the dough, and cover it warm 
[44]
in about four hours more you may put it in the oven, and as light bread will be
obtained as though a pint of vest had been used.

                 TO REMOVE FLIES FROM ROOMS.
   Take half a teaspoon full of black pepper, in  powder, one tea spoonful 1 of
brown sugar, and one  table spoonful I of cream; mix them well together, and
place them in t le room on a plate, where thj flies aro troublesome, and they will
soon disappear.

  TO CURE BACON IN THE BURLINGTON, VIRGINIA MANNER.
   Firsf, salt the pork by giving it a pretty good salting, and pack it away on
hoards or planks, with a slope sufficient to let the brine run off.   In  this situa-
tion it lies ten or twelve days, when it  is taken up, and each piece  w iped dry
with a coarse cloth, and to each ham is added a  heaping tea spoon  full of tho
best saltpetre, by sprinkling over it, and rubbing it well in with the hand.  It
is then re-salted well again, and packed away on planks or boards laid horizon-
tally, or in tight casks if you have them convenient, as it may  then be an ad-
vantage to  retain or preserve all the brine you can; whereas,the first brine ia
of great injury, as it tends to putrescence, and should by no  means be re-absor-
hed hy the  meal lying in it after being extracted by the salt; and it is believed
to be that which produces the bugs and skippers in  the meat after it has been
smoked.   The time of putting on the saltpetre is of more  importance than is
supposed by those who have  n;t made the trial;  for if put on the first salting,
the meat.is always dry, hard and too salt.  On giving the meat a second salt-
ing, add to the salt as much brown sugar or molasses as will moisten or damp it,
and as much of the common red pepper as will give the salt quite a red appear-
ance.  The-pods are  first dried before a fire or on a griddle, and then pounded
tolerably fine in a mortar.  The meat then lies about  five or six weeks, when
each piece should be rubbed well with hickory ashes, and hung up to  dry with
the hock downwards, which prevents its dripping  and thereby retains its juices.
The smoke is generally made from chips raked  up from the wood pile, with  a
little of the dust of doated or rotten wood with it to prevent a blaze or clear fire
and too great a heat;  sawdust of hickory or oak is still better to  make a smoke,
to which is added two or three  pods of red pepper each day.
   After it is sufficiently smoked, (which it will be in five or six  weeks, if regu-
larly attended to) it is taken down and packed away in casks or boxes, with hic-
kory ashes, covering the meat  entirely with them, and between each layer is
put some thin slips of laths or boards, to prevent each layer of meat pressing
down and touching each other, and in the course of the summer it is taken out
and sunned once or twice.
   If itis intended for  exportation, bran is the best thing to  pack it in, for shin-
ping, especially if it is intended for a southern market.
   As to the gqodness and flavour of the meat, a great deal depends upon the na-
ture of the flesh of several breeds of hogs, and the manner of raising and feeding.
   The meat of those which are suffered to feed in the fields and woods, with  a
fittlc feeding with grain until they are put up to fatten, is far superior to that of
those that are raised in the stye, and fed on grain  and slops.

                  PICKLE  FOR BEEF AND PORK.
   Six gallons of water, 9 lbs. brown sugar, 3 ounces saltpetre, 1 ounce of peari 
[45]
£sh, 1 gallon molasses to every six gallons of water.  In making a larger or
smaller quantity ofpicMe, the above proportions are to be observed.  Boil and
skim tho?e ingredients well, and when cold put it over the  beef or pork.   This
pickle is known in New-York by the name of Knickerbocker pickle.

                        TO IMPROVE CIDER.
  During the fermentation of cider, mix in each barrel 3 lbs. newly burnt char-
coal, finely powdered.  This mitigates fermentation, rendering the liquor black
so long as it ferments, but as soon as fermentation ceases, the charcoal is de-
posited, carrying with  it all impurities, and leaving the cider  bright and clear.
No taste or smell is given to the liquor by charcoal, that being wholly insoluble.

                           BRUISED OATS.
  It is said that a horse fed on bruised oats, will look and work as  well as one
fed on  double the same quantity unbruised.   In addition to the above I would
recommend the cleaning of horse stables every day;  and the cleaning of their
bodies every day not only makes them thrive better, and keeps them more heal-
thy, but it greatly improves the appearance of that noble animal.

        REMEDY FOR MENDING CRACKS IN STOVES, &c.
  Take wood  ashes and common table salt, make it up to a plaster, with a lit-
tle water, and fill up the cracks therewith.

                     TO PRESERVE APPLES.  *
  Apples are  best preserved  and will keep the longest, by putting them- into
barrels in layers, and filling up the vacencies with dry  sand.    N. B.  The
sand must be perfectly dry.  It is said they will keep their flavor better  than in
any other way.

                              GRAPES.
  The quickest method of procuring grapes is to graft into the body, near the
ground, or which is preferable, into the root of large vines:  in the folioiving
year, if the grafts have taken, fruit will be produced.—Thus every farmer who
has wild vines on his ground, may, by procuring cuttings of a hardy, foreign,
or native  kind, and paying a  little attention to the  grafting and training, be
soon and  amply supplied with grapes for the market or wine-making.
          *
                             WEEVILS.
  Soak cloths, made of flax, in water, wring  them,  and  cover your heaps of
grain with them; in two hours time you will  find all the weevils upon the cloth,
which must be carefully gathered up, that none of the insects may escape, and
then immersed in water to destroy them.

                      TO DESTROY INSECTS.
  This simple operation consists  in boring a hole through a  tree with  a gira-
blet, about one third of the diameter of the tree in depth, and filling the  hole
with a small quantity of flour sulpher, by driving in it a wooden pet*, and plug-
ging the hole.  The sulpheris decomposed, or carried  into the circulation by
the sap, and is exhaled by the leaves in a gaseous state, while it poisons an* 
[46]
 kills all the caterpillars and insec's preying upon*tkem.  Whether boring and
 plugging with sulpher the roots of the peach tree and other trees, who*;? roots
 are injured by  insects, will answer  well,is unknown;  but it is worth while to
 make the experiment, as the result may be favorable.             S. E. P.

                                SHEEP.
   During the season of grazing, give at the rate of a gill of tar to every twenty
 sheep.  Put the tar in troughs with a little fine salt over it;  the sheep consume
 it f\iiivrly.  This preserves them from worms in the  head, and promotes their
 general growth, and is supposed to be a specific against  the rot.

                    TO  ESTABLISH AN APIARY.
   The best time to establish an apiary  is about  February, as the stocks have
 passed through the winter in safety—the combs are then empty of brood  light
 of honey, and the removal safe and easy.  Stocks should be selected by a com-
 petent judge, as the weight alone cannot always be relied on;  but  such as
 weigh 12 pounds and upwards—the number of bees must also be observed, and
 that they are well combed to near the bottom—these may be safely chosen.
   When they are  brought home, set them in the  bee bouse (apiary) being par-
 ticularly careful to keep them dry.  The next day, plaster the hive to the board,
 leaving an entrance the size of the little finger.
   If this season has  passed, purchase the first and early swarms, for  late ones
 or casts are not worth keeping, unless two or three have been  united.  Tore-
 move stocks,the evening is the best time; the hiveshould be raised by wedges
 some hours previous, unless the floor  be also  moveable with the hive—other-
 wise, many bees will remain  on the floor at the  time, and prove very trouble-
 some.  But  when  the floor is moveable, plaster  the hive with mortar to the
 board; pin a piece of paste board pierced with holes before the  entrance, secu-
 ring the hive to the board  firmly; in this way it would travel  any distance.
   Swarms purchased should be brought home the same evening, for if delayed
 for a day or two, combs will be worked, and subject to be broken in removing.

                  TO CULTIVATE BEE FLOWERS.
  Bees are most fond of those places where their favorite flowers are to be found
—therefore bee-keepers should encourage the growth of such shrubs and flow-
ers as are known to supply honey and  wax in the greatest abundance.  In most
situations, bees do not  fly  far for food, generally not more than half a  mile.—
They may be observed to return with great precipitation to the  hive when rain
or a storm approaches.  The following are the most favorable  for  pasturage.^
and those which blossom early are the  most desirable:

          Shrubs, Syc.                   Flowers.
Sallow, or the   Rosemary,    Mignionette,  Lemon fliyme,
 Grey willow,   Barberry tree, Borage,       "\V inter savory,
Gooseberry,     Raspberry,    Hyssop,       White clover,!
Apricot & all o- Lime-trees,    Scarlet and o-Mustard,     f when lefr
 ther fruit trees, F.irze,         ther beans     Turnips,     £  fursecd.
Broom,         Hcatb:         when in bloom Cabbage,    J 
■[■»]
   Mignionetle,borage, and lemon thyme are the principal, as they continue \e
 ry I >iig in doom, and alfjrd the finest honey.   Rosemary is also a great favor-
 ite. ./1. seidom supplies much honey in this country, (England) unless the  wea-
 ther proves very hot and dry, when it is in blossom, yet it is worth cultivating,
 especially in a southern aspect, being one of the principal aromatic plants  from
 which the bees in  the neighborhood  Narburn collect  their honey, which is es-
 tecme t the ii.iest in E nope.—Fields of beans, white clover, and buckwheat, are
 of great benefit.   Rivers or streams of water are also  very beneficial, as  bees
 make use of a great deal of water.

    TO TAKE THE HONEY WITHOUT DESTROYING THE  BEES.
   The following eas} method of taking the honey without destroying the bee?,
 is generally practised in  France:—In the dusk of the evening when the  bees
 are quietly lodged, approach the hive and turn it gently over.  Having steadi-
 ly placed it in a small pit previously dug to receive it, with its boltom upwards,
 cover it with a clean new hive, which  has been properly prepared, with a few
 sticks across tb.3 inside of it, and  rubbed  with aromatic herbs.  Having care-
 fully adjusted the mouth of each hive to the  other, so that no aperture remains
 between them, take a small stick,  and beat gently round the sides of the lower
 hive for about ten minutes, or a quarter of an hour, in which time the bees will
 leave their cells in the lower hive,  ascend and  adhere to the upper one.  Then
 gently lift the new  hive, with all its little tenants, and place  it on the stand from
 which the other hive was taken.   This should be  done some time in the week
 preceding midsummer day, that the  bees may have time, before the summer
 flowers are faded, to lay in a new stock of honey5 which they will not fail to do
 for their subsistence through the winter.

              TO KEEP  LARGE  HIVES FOR WINTER.
   They must not be more than three years old, and well stocked with bees. A
 hive for preserving should weigh from thirty  to forty pounds.   Place them in
 October where they are to remain,  observing the usual precautions against  ver-
 min, or winds; and giving them if possible, a distance of six or eight yards a-
 sunder, that they may not rob each other.   Set the hive after sun set.  ^aste
 the edges  firmly round with planter lime, all  except the entrance.  Fit a piece
 of hard wq^ in the aperture; cut two holes a quarter of an inch square, and fix
 the board aPa door  with plaster lime.   Cover the hive with  drawn straw  tied
 together a,^|he top;  and fix it with straw ropes  around.  Cut the straw a quar-
 ter of an inch below the board, for  a few lengths may  conduct vermin into the
 torpid community.   Once  in four  or  five weeks raise the hive  from the board
 after sun set.  Scrape the board clean and brush away the dead bees.   Observe
 when turning them up if they move their wings; if not, bring them into a war-
 mer situation, free from noise and the light excluded.  Keep them there till the
 extreme rigor of the season is past, and then return them to  their old situation
 after sun set.   Sunshine  in  snow is destructive to bees if they get out.  Put a
platting of twigs across the holes to  give air, and yet confine the inmates.  Ne
 ver confine them more than eight or  ten days, and except in snow  in the sun-
shine, their own sagacity will direct when it  is safe to go out.  It is absolutely
necessary for their health, to have leave forgoing in and out  in tolerably mtltj
weather. 
                                 [48]

                FOR DESTROYING COCKROACHES.
Make a decoction of poke-root & sweeten it with molasses: place it in their way.
              HORSES AND CATTLE,

                   YELLOW WATER IN  HORSES.
  Take pulverized crude antimony,2 oz., pulv. saltpetre, 3 oz., flour of sulpher,
4oz., cream of tartar, 4 oz., mix them all together a give& full grown horse a
heaping table spoonfull twice a-day in bran or other short feed; if the feed be
wet with sassafras or spicewood tea instead of water, will be an addition.  If
the  weather be cold, the animal should be kept  in a stable and kept covered
with a blanket until recovered.

                        BOTTS IN HORSES.
  Take one pint of tar, warm it and drench him  with it, then in the course of
an hour, give a dose of salts or a pint of flaxseed oil to work it off.
  It is said, that in some of the southern states, they make a strong decoction
of the bark of yellow poplar, and drench them with it, to carry off the botts.
  To prevent the  botts, take of hickory  wood ashes about a handfull mixed with
short feed every two or three weeks.

                            POLE EVIL.
  Melt hard soap until soft enough to spread on a linen rag, then take blue vit-
riol and Spanish flies, powdered in equal quantities, and strew it on the plaster
of soap.  Make a ball of the size of a hickory  nut of the above  mentioned in-
gredients, and put it into the hole previous to the plaster being put on, then let
them remain 24 hours, then take it offand let the sore remain 24 hours without,
repeat this mode  of treatment until a cure is perfected.   Or, make  strong fey,
and syringe it once a day or oftener, give at the same time the powders recom-
mended in the yellow water.

                      RING BONE IN HORSES.           m
  Take half a gill of aqua-fortis to one quart of strong beer, (kept |»rked) ap-
ply it every day with a feather.  Or, take 1 oz. oil of amber, 1 do. oil spike, 1
do.  spirits turpentine, and half an ounce sweet oil, mix and apply twice a day.

                  TO KEEP FLIES OFF  HORSES.
  Rubbing their necks and other places, where flies mostly light on, with the
herb penny-royal (so plentifully in our  woods and along  road sides) will  keep
them off.

                 SORES  AND BRUISES IN  HORSES.
  The application ofsenecaoil,for  bruises from  a saddle or occasioned by the
collar, &c. will scop heal them, and flies dare not  touch the sore.  For swelled 
L49]
 and running sore?, anoint it outwardly, * hile at the same time, dip a feather uir
 to the oil, running it into the opening, renewing  them even da\, wnl soon
 cause it to discharge freelv, the swelling abate, and heal up wiihmn any other
 application.            '                             EXPERIL^L.

      TO CURE COLDS  OF EVERY DESCRIPTION  IN CATTLE.
   The first  attempt should t,e to remove the cause, b\  giving to the animal a
 warm cordial drink; which, acting as a stimulant on the stomach and intes-
 tine-, wi;l give fresh motion to those parts, and enable nature to resume her for-
 mer co arse.—Take of aniseed, caraway seed,grains of paradise,and fennvgreek,
 of each two ounces in powder.  Mix them together for one drink.
   Another.—Take  of sweet-fennet seeds, cumin seeds, of each  2 ounces, in
 povvcier; long pepper, turmeric, ginger and elecampane, of each 1 ounce, in pow-
 der—mix for one drink.—The method of giving either of these drinks is as fol-
 lows:  lake one and put it into a pitcher with two ounces of fresh butter, and
 2 table spoonsfull of molasses or coarse sugar; then  pour one quart of boiling
 beer upon the whole; cover them down till  new milk warm, and  then give  the
 drink to the beast.   In two hours after giving the drink, let tho animal have a
 good mash  made of scalded bran, or  gronud malt, with a handfull or two of
 ground  oats or barley meal added to it, (by ground malt we suppose is meant
 chopped teed,) and warm water that day.   In slight colds  duriug the summer,
 these drinks may be given to cattle while in their pasture; and, where it can
 be made convenie it, let them fast two hours after, and then graze as usual.   It
 is also necessary to examine the sick animals  everyday, to watch them while
 they both dung and stale, and to see whether the body be of proper heat, and the
 nose or muzzle be of natural size.  If these be regu ar, there is not much dan-
 der:  if, however, feverish symptoms should appear (which frequently happen)
 the animal will become costive   In such cases give one of the following

                         PURGING DOSES.
 Takeofglauber salts, 1 lb., ginger in powder,2 oz., molasses,4 oz.   Put all of
 the ingredients into a pitcher, and pour three pints of boiling water upon them,
 When new milk warm, give the whole for one dose.
  Another.   Take of epsom salts, 1 lb, aniseed and ginger, in powder,each 2
 oz., molasses. 4 oz.  Let this be given in the same  manner as  the preceding__
 In most cases these drinks will  be sufficient to purge a full-grown  animal of
 this kind.  By strict attention to the above method of application, a fever may
 be prevented, and the animal speedily restored.  If the fever continue, after the
 intestines have  been evacuated (which is  seldom the case) it will be proper to
 take some blood from the animal, and the quantity must be regulated according
 to the disease and habit of body.                                        °

  TO CURE THE YELLOWS, OR JAUNDICE  IN NEAT CATTLE.
  As soon as this disease makes its first  appearance, it may, for the most part
 be removed by administering the following  drink:  Reduce to powder cumin
 seed, aniseed, and turmeric root, each 2 oz., grains of paradise, and salt or tar-
 far, each 1 oz.  Now slice 1 oz. of castile soap and mix  it with 2 oz. molasses
 put the whole into a pitcher, then  pour a quart of boiling beer upon the ingre-
 dients, and cover theindown till new milk warm, then give the drink.   If will
 after be proper to repeat this, two or three times, every other day, or oftener if
______________________G 
['50]
required.  If the beast be in a  good condition, take  away from  two to three
quarts of blood; but the animal should not be turned out after bleeding, that da\y
nor at night, but the morning following it may go to its pasture as usual.  Af-
ter this has had the desired effect, let the following be given:
   Take of balsam copaivi, 1 oz., salt of tartar, 1  oz., castile  soap, 2 oz., beat
Ihem  together in a mortar, and add of valerien root in  powder, 2 oz., ginger-
root and peruvian bark in powder, each, 1 oz., molasses, 2oz, mix for one drink.
Let this drink be given in a quart of warm gruel, and repeated if necessary ev-
ery other day.  It will be proper to keep the body sufficiently  open through ev-
ery stage of the disease, for if costiveness  be permitted, the fever will increase,
and if not timely removed, the disorder will terminate fatally.

                 FOR BROKEN  WIND  IN HORSES.
   Take of oil of stone, Venice turpentine, and castile soap, each 2 oz., squiila
in powder, 1 oz., calomel 3 drams, beat them  well together, then add, saltpetre,
2 oz. aniseed and caraway seeds, fresh po<vdered,of each 1 oz.; beat them into
a mass with honey and liquorice powder, and divide it into ten balls.   One to
be given every morning.

          FRENZY, CR INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN,
Is sometimes occasioned by wounds or contusions in the head, that are attended
with violent inflamations of the vessels, and if not speedily relieved may termi-
nate in a gangrene or mortification, which is very  often the case, and that in a
few days.

                         METHOD OF CURE.
   In the cure of this disease, the following method must be attended to:  Firsts
lessen the quantity of blood by frequent bleeding, which may be repeated daily
if required, and by  which the great efflux  of blood upon the temporal arteries
will be lessened and much retarded. The following purgative drink will be
found  suitable for this disease, and likewise most fevers of an inflammatory na-
ture.  Take of  glauber salts, 1   lb., tartarized  antimony, 1 dram, camphor, 2
drams, molasses, 4 oz.   Mix and put the whole into a pitcher, and pour  three
pints  of boiling water  upon them; when new milk warm, add laudanum, half
an ounce, and give it all for one dose.  This drink will, in general, operate brisk-
ly in th.' space of 20 or24bours; if not, let one half the quantity be given to the
beast  every  night and morning, until the desired effect be obtained.

            TO CURE HOVEN, OR BLOWN  IN  CATTLE.
   This complaint is in general occasioneo by the animal feeding for a considera-
ble time upon rich, succulent food, so that  the stomach becomes overcharged,
&, they, in their greediness to eat, forget to lie down to ruminate or chew their
cud. Thus the paunch, or first stomach is rendered incapable ofexpelling its con-
tents; a concoction and fermentation take  place in the stomach, by which  a
large  quantity  of confined air is formed in the part that extends nearly to the
anus,  and for want of vent at that part, causes the animal to swell even to suffo-
cation, or a rupture of some part of the stomach or intestines ensues.  As sud-
den death is  the consequence of this, the greatest caution is necessary in  turn-
ing cattle into a fresh pasture, if the bite of grass be considerable j  nor should 
                                   [51}

 Ihev be suffered to stop too long at a time in such pastures, before they afefe-
 moved i,Uo a fold-yard, or some close, where there is but little to eat, ,n order
 that the organs of rumination and digestion may have time  to discharge their
 functions.                                   ,      . .   ,         ., .. _
   Treatment -As soon as the beast is discovered, to be either hoven or blown,
 by eatina too great a quantity of succulent grasses, let a purging drink be giv-
 en;  this°will for the most part check fermentation in the stomach, and in a very
 short time force a passage through the intestines.
   Pauncking —This  is a method  frequently resorted to in dangerous cases.—
 The operation is  performed in the following manner:   Take a sharp pen-knife
 and jjentlv introduce it into the paunch between the haunch bone and the mst
 rib on tbe left side.  This will instantly give vent to a large quantity  of tatid
 air-  a small  tube of a s itficient length mav then be introduced into the wound,
 and remain until the air is sufficiently evacuated.   Afterwards take out the tube
 lay  a pitch plaster over the orifice.  Wounds of this kind are seldom attended
 with danger; where it has arisen, it has been caused  by the injudicious oper-
 ator introducing his knife into a wrong par'.   After the wind is expelled, and
 the body has been reduced to its natural state, give the following
                                                        I
                           CORDIAL  DRINK.
   Take aniseed, diapent, and elecampane in powder, each 2 oz., tincture of rhur
 barb, 2 oz., sweet  spirits of nitre, loz., molasses, 4 table spoonsfull;  mix  and
 give it in a quart of warm beer  or gruel.  This drink may be repeated every
 Other day for two or three times.

               CURE FOR SWIMMING  IN THE HEAD.
   This disease mostly attacks animals that have been kept in a state of pover-
 ty and starvation  during the winter season, and  which have, in the spring of
 the year, been admitted into a fertile pasture: hence is produced a redundency
 of biood  and  other fluids, pressing upon the contracted vessels, while the ani-
 mal economv, on  the other hand, is using its utmost endeavors  to restore redu*
 ced nature to its original state.  If it is not checked in its infancy by bleeding,
 evacuating, &c, inflamation in all probability must take place, in which caso
 the beast is attended with all the symptoms of one that i9 raving mad.
 • The cure  must be attempted by taking  from two to  three or four quarts  of
 blood from the animal, according to size or symptoms;  two or three hours after
 wive a purging drink.   Purging is very necessary in this disease, as well as  in
 all others of an inflammatory kind; for otherwise it will be impossible to check
 its progress;  and as soon as this is  effected, the following maybe given:

                 SWEATING DRINK FOR THE SaME.
  Take of tartar emetic, 1 dram, volatile  salt and camphor, each, 2  drams, ia
 powder, nitre and cream tartar in powder, each, 1 oz., molasses, 4 table spoons*
 full.   Mix and put them in a pitcher, with  a quart of hot gruel, then stir the
 whole together and give it when new milk warm.  It will be necessary to re*
peat  this drink twice a day until  the  symptoms  begin to abate:  afterwards
once a day will be sufficient.  But so long as the fever continues to be attended
with  delirious symptoms, it will be proper to take from one to two or three quajts
 of blood from the animal every two or three day& 
[52]
                         ON DYINU.

NAMES OF THE PRINCIPAL DYING  MATERIALS USED  IN THIS \
                             COUNTRY.
  Indigo, blue vitriol, green vitriol of copperas, alum, tartar, verdigris, oak bark,
logwood, fustic, cam viod, nicaragua-wood,brazie, sumach, galls,  madder, an-
uato, turmeric, cudbear, cochineal and oil of vitriol.

                         DYING OF BLUE.
  Dissolve 4 ounces of indigo in 1 lb. of oil of vitriol, to this solution, add 1 oz.
of pearl-ash, and then dilute it with eighteen times its weight of water.  The
cloth must be boiled for an hour in a solution of alum and tartar, and afterwards
thrown  into the water-bath, diluted with the indigo, according to the state of the
cloth is  intended to receive.

              TO DIE  WOOL A PERMANENT COLOR.
  Take 4 ounces of the  best  indigo, reduce it  to a very fine powder, and-add
12 lbs. of wool, in the grease;  put the whole into a copper kettle  large enough
to contain all the wool t  be dyed.  As soon as the requisite color is obtained,
let the wool be well washed and dried.   The liquor remaining may again be u-
sed to obtain lighter blues.

      TO  DIE SILKS ANP SATINS BROWN IN A SMALL  WAY.
   Fill a copper kettle with river or rain water, when  it gently boils, put  in a
 quarter of a pound of chipped fustic, two ounces of madder, one ounce of su-
 mach, and half an ounce of camwood;  but if not required to be so red, the cam-
 wood may be omitted.  These should  boil, at least, from half an hour to  two
 hours, that the ingredients may  be well incorporated.   The copper mnst  then
 be cooled down by pouring in cold water.  The goods may then be  pu: in,and
 simmered gently from half to an hour.   If this color should appear to want dar-.
 kening, it may be done by taking out the goods, and adding a small quantity of
 old black liquor;  a small piece of green copperas may be used:  rinse  in  two
 or three waters, and hung up to dry.

           TO DIE STRAW  AND  CHIP  BONNETS BLACK.
   Chip hats being composed of shavings of wood, are stained black in various
 ways.  First by being boiled in strong logwood liquor three or four hours;  they
 must be often taken out to cool in the air, and now and then a small quantitv of
 green copperas must be added to the liquor, and this continued for several hours.
 The  kettle that they are died in may  remain  with the bonnets in it all night;
 the next morning they must be taken out and dried in the  air, and brushed with
 a soft brush.  Lastly, a sponge is dipped in oil, and squeezed almost to dry-
 ness: with this the bonnets are rubbed all over, both inside and out, and  then
 sent to  the blockers to be blocked.

                 TO DIE  STRAW  BONNETS BROWN.

   Tike a sufficient quantity of Brazil  w ud, sumach bark, madder, and coppe-
 ras, and sadden, according to the shade required. 
[53]
TO REMOVE THE STAIN OF Lit HIT COLORS FROM THE HANDS-
  Wa.-h the hands in soap and water, in which some pearl-ash is dissolved.

                          SHEEPS  DUNG.
  This article is used in dying, for the purpose of preparing cotton and linen to
receive certain colors, particularly the red madder or grass-wort, which it per-
forms by impregnating the stuffs with an animal mucilage, of which it contains
a large quantity, and thus assimilating them to wool and silk.

        TO OBTAIN DYING MATTER FROM POTATO TOPS,
  Cut off the tops when it is in flowers, and extract the juice, by bruising and
pressing it.  Linen or woollen imbibed in this liquor forty-eight hours, will take
a brilliant, but solid and permanent yellow  color.  If the cloth  be afterwards
plunged into a blue dye, it will acquire a beautiful permanent green color.

                          TO  DIE GLOVES.
  Take the color suitable for the occasion;  if djirk, take Spanish brown and
black earth; if lighter, yellow and whiting, and so on with other colors.  Mix
them with a moderate fire, daub the gloves over with the color wet, and let them
hang till they are dry, then  beat out the superfluous part of the coloring, and
smooth them over with  a stretching stick  or sleeking stick, reducing them 1<»
their proper shape.

                  TO  DIE WHITE GLOVES  PURPLE
  Boil 4 oz. of logwood  an!2oz.  of alum in three pints of soft water till halt
wasted.   Let the liquor stand to cool till after straining.  Let the gloves  be
nicely mended,then  with a brush rub them over, and  when dry repeat it.—
Twice is sufficient, unless the color is to be very  dark:  when dry, rub off the
loose die with a coarse  cloth, beat up the white of an egg, and  with a  sponge
rub it over the leather.  The die wiil stain  the hands, but welting them with
vinegar before they are washed, will take it off.

             TO  DIE GLOVES RESEMBING LIMERICK.
   Brown, or tan  colour, are readily imparted to leather gloves, by the following
 simple process.  Sleep saffron in boiling soft  water  for about twelve hours;
 then having slightly sewed up the tops of the gloves to prevent the die staining
 the sides, wet them over with a sponge or soft brush dipped into the liquid. The
 quantity of saffron  as well as the water, will of course depend on how much die
 may be wanted, and their relative proportions on the depth of crlor required.
 A common teacup full will contain sufficient in quantity for a single pair cf
 gloves 
[51]
                          INTRODUCTION

     TO A TREATISE ON THE DISEASES  MOST PREVALENT hy
                         THE UNITED STATES.

    In all diseases, where the predominant s} mptoms indicate severe indispo^;.
  tion, it is of the utmost importance to procure the advice of a skilfull physician
  as early as practicable.  Delay under such circumstances is hazarding the life
  of the patient.  It not unfrequently happens, that while his friends are trying
  the effect of some favorite nostrum, or complying with  the unskilful and ineffi-
  cient prescriptions of an ignorant pretender, the  favorable  period for arresting
  the progress of the disease is permitted to elapse, and  when medical advice is
  procured, it is found to be too lale.—The malady  has gained such an ascenden-
  cy over the vital energies of the system,  and the exciting cause, which in an
  earlier stage,  nature, assisted by proper remedies might have surmounted, has
  so transfused itself through the whole frame, as to resist all attempts at a cure. '
  Under this view it might seem superfluous to offer ony advice to families for the
  treatment of diseases; but as there are many milder ailments which require no
  very uncommon discernment or judgment in  their cure, and as  cases occur in
  which a physician cannot immediately be procured, the following concise trea-
  tise has been  compiled with a view to meet these contingencies, and serve  as a
  companion to family medicine chests.
   In relation to diseases generally, we may remark, that in  domestic practice,
 more dependence  should be placed upon  a careful  attention to regimen, than
 the copious administration of medicines.  Cleanlinesis of primary  importance
 in all diseases.  Ail evacuations, and every thin<? which might  have a tenden-
 cy to infect the air, should be immediately removed: and the patient's  linen
 and bed-clothes changed as frequently as his strength and other attending cir-
 cumstances may render it proper.  The temperature of his apartment should
 be kept rather cool than warm, and a free circulation  of air through it preser-
 ved; aking care,  however, not to expose his body to its immediate influence,
 so as to produce sensations of dullness.  The covering of the bed should be as
 light as possible, consistently with his comfort;  a  great weight of clothes is al-
 ways injurious.  Where there are symptoms of fever, either in local inflamma-
 tion or general excitement in the system, a low diet should  be rigidly adhered
 to, consisting of diluent drinks, as barley water, gruel, tapioca or sago, than of
 solid food.  Flesh, cordials, and every thing of a  stimulating property should
 be carefully avoided.  On the other hand, the presence of great debility and sin-
 king, without any fever, demands food which is rich  and nourishing.   The pri-
 mary object is in most cases to remove the contents of the stomach and bowels,
 either by purging or vomiting, or both, as  the nature of  the case may require,
 and the doses should be as mild as will produce the contemplated effect.  Little
 benefit is obtained  from the nee  of violent remedies; they more  frequently de-
 bilitate the system, and retard the period of convalescence. Bleeding is a high-
 ly useful remedy, boti' should be prudently and rather cautiously resorted to;
and all medicines which are of a very active  nature, or which, if injudiciously 
[55]
administered, would be productive of fatal consequences, should only be given
 under the direction of some skilful ph\ sician, where such can be procured   On
 the whole, close attention to the change? which occur in the  symptoms of the
 disuse, and to the efforts of nature to relieve herself from their  ravages, will
 enable us more effectually to co-operate  with her,(which is the ultimate object
 of all curative exertions,) and to direct our operations upon more rational  and
 correct principles than an adherence to any empirical prescriptions, or definite
 rule?5, whatever celebrity  they may have obtained.
.3 TREATISE, S,ct
         INTERMITTENT FEVER, OR FEVER AND AGUE,
  Generally comes on with pain in the head and loins, wer.riness of the  limb?,.
coldness of the extremities, frequent yawning and gaping, sometimes sickness
and vomiting,  which are soon succeeded by shivering or violent shaking.  Af-
terward  the skin  becomes dry and hot, the  face is flushed, there is increeled
pain in the head, throbbing of thy temples, anxiety, restlessness, and coolant
thirst.   After these have continued for some  tfme, a  moisture breaks out upon
the shin, all  the symptoms subside, and the paroxysm  is over for the time.—
When it occurs once in every twenty-four hours, it is called quotidian; tertian,
when it returns every other day;  and  when it attends  on  the first and  fourth
day, it is termed quartan—the latter is the most obstinate.
   Treatment.—The first thing to  be done is to cleanse the stomach and bowels
by a gentle emetic of ipecacuanha, succeeded by a dose of calomel and jalap.
After the operation of this, and as  long as the fever is off, a teaspoon full of *hc
following powder should be given every hour 01 two in any convenient manner:
—Powdered Peruvian bark, 1 ounce, powdered Virginia snake-root,2drachu..-,
salt of tartar, 1 dram,oil of cloves, 15 drops, or powdered cloves, 1 dram, rm.-ed
well together.   If the stomach rejects the powder, a decoction may be *n;.'oV  »y
pourng on the above quantity one pint of hot water, and boil it for u-., v <   •'{'.
teen minutes, strain, and when cold give a wine-glas3full every hour.  V'.  .  ?'«
solution of arsenic may also be used with great  advantage  in doses < t  •      *
three times a day; and sometimes the shaking fit may be averted           0
or 30 drops of  laudanum, and going to bed, as soon  us  the first s^ ■   .    .-e
perceived,  The bark should be continued  for some time  after a .  ;       o-
Toms have disappeared, in order to prevent a relapp.e. 
                                   [50}

                  REMITTENT, OR BILIOUS FEVER.
Preceding an attack of remittent fever, the patient is usually heavy &. lan^uiJ,
and h tioioled with listlessness, wearinese, frequent yawning, and  alternate
fits .if heat and cold.  On its accession, he experiences severe pains iu the back
and head, great heat  over the  whole body, thirst, difficulty of breathing, and
pain and sickness at the stomach;  the eyes and skin are sometimes tinged with
jeilow; the tongue brownish, with a bitter taste in the mouth;  a vomiting of hi-
iious matter, and  delirium often  occur;  the pulse is frequent and small. —
After the continuance of  these symptoms for  a considerable time, a  remission
takes place, accompanied with  a moisture on the skin, and greater or less abate-
ment of the fever, and  the patient seems  much relieved, but in a few  hours the
disease returns again, with the  same appearances as before.  These remissions
occur at very irregular periods, and are variable in the length of their duration.
   Treatment.—The diet should be very low, consistingof little more  than dilu-
ent drinks, without the additiou  ofany cordials or spirits; .no animal food should
be given.   Should the violence of the fever however abate, and great debility
with nervous symptoms ensue, a little wine may be added to the sago, gruel or
tapioc.i, and weak chicken broth given.  It will in all cases be right to empty
the stomach by a  gentle  emetic of ipecacuanha or antimonial  wine, drinking
freely of warm water or weak chamomile tea, to promote its operation.  This
being over, the bowels should beevacuated by a dose of calomel and jalap,salts,
or castor oil;  but  violent purging should be avoided.   Where the fever runs ve-
ry high, and there is much  delirium, it will be proper to bleed from  the arm,
and also  from the forehead and  temples with leeches, the quantity from 10
to 20  ounces, according  to the strength and  habit of the patent.   The saline
mixture in the act of effervescence, with a few drops of antimonial wine,  will be
found useful in aila\ ing the fever.  Blisters may be applied to the legs or arms,
and kept running with basilicon.   As soon as the fever subsides, the  Peruvian
bark should be given every hour or two, in substance, if the stomach  will bear
it; otherwise in decoction.  A  tea-spoort  full  of the former, or a wine-odass of
the latter, are the  proper quantities.   Throughout the course of the disease, the
bowels should by keptopen by clysters or small doses of salts, or other purgative
medicine.  The room should be  kept cool, the patient's linen often  changed
and very little company admitted to him.

                          SCARLET FEVER
   Comes on with  weariness, dullness, languor and headach, succeeded by high
fever, and frequently delirium.   About the second or third day the face swells
a little, and a scarlet efflorescence appears upon the skin in large red spots, that
sometimes cover nearly the whole body, and after continuing three or four days.
fall off in scales.  It is  frequently attended  with sore throat, and semetimes
with symptoms of malignancy.
   Treatment.—In its simplest  form, unaccompanied  with the latter symptoms,
it requires little further attention than keeping the bowels moderately  open and
observing a strict  regimen, avoiding  all animal food,and drinkingcopiously of
acidulated dHuent ijquors,and occasionally bathing the feet and legs with warm
water.   Should the fever run very high, moderate bleeding should be resorted
to, and antimonial wine in doses of a few drops  be given every hour.  Where
soreness of the throat is present, an emetic of  ipecacuanha  should  I e given
early.   After the  operation of this, the bowels should  be evacuated  by a mild 
id by leeches or cupping.  If the stitch continues, a large blister should be p'u)
over the part, and kept running by an ointment  made of hasilicon and blister
ointment mixed as directed in the appendix.  Bathing the feet and legs in warm
water will be proper; and the bowels should by freely opened by  injections or
cathartic medicines, as calomel and jalap, salts, castor oil, &c.  After the dis-
ease is removed, it will be necessary to strengthen the patient by tonics.
                          CROUP, OR  HIVES.
  This disease is often very sudden ard violent in its attacks;  at other times
it comes  on more gradually, the patient appearing dull and fretful, for a day or
two, the eyes arc heavy, and there is a cough which hasa peculiar shrill sound^
this becomes more troublesome; the face is flushed, the eyes protuberent and
strai led, and there is a convulsive struggle in breathing, the  child throwing
back its head with some force.
  Treatment.—At the first appearance ofany of the symptoms, antimonial wine,
ipecacuanha, or Coxe's hive syrup, should be given in doses to produce vomiting';
the latter, if at hand, is to be preferred.  This should be frequently repeated in
small doses, so as to keep up nausea and perspiration.  Bleeding from the arm,
or from the neck with leeches or cups is also«necessray,and should be repeated
until the violence of the disease is conquered.   The child should be frequently
immersed in a warm bath, and  the bowels freely opened by an injection, and
purgative medicines  internally administered.   A large blister should also be
put on  the throat from ear to ear.  As this disease is violent in its attacks ant!
sudden in its termination, no time should be lost, but all the remedies promptly
administered.
                                MUMPS
  Come on with slight fever, followed by stiffness and swelling of the neck, eU
ther on one or both sides; there is sometimes a slight difficulty  in swallowing
and respiration.  It generally affects children.
  Treatment.—The diet should  be light, the  neck kept covered with flannel;
and frequettiy bathed with anodyne liniment;  the bowels should be opened by
small doses ofcremor tartar and sulpher, or salts.   Bathing the feet and legs in
warm water is also useful.  When the symptoms become more violent, bleed-
ing at the arm  will be proper, and a blister should be applied to the neck.
                              MEASLES
  Are usually preceded by dullness and shivering, followed by a great heaf,
restlessness  and  thirst.  There is a ^hort, hard cough, heaviness of the head
and eyes, drowsiness and running at the uose; the eves are  inflamed, and the
lids swollen.   There is an effusion of acrid humour from them, and great acute^
ness  of sensation.  On the third day the  eruption appears on the skin in dis-
tinct spots not unlike the small-pox;  it gradually spreads over the body, and
on the  fifth or  sixth day changes to a brown hue, and  begins to peel off;   frer
queut saeezing, nausea, vomiting, pains in the back and loins, hoarseness, and
hurried respiration, are also symptoms.  The pulse at the same time is frequ«rit
and strong   The distinguishing marks between measles and scarlet fever are
the cough, the redne.-s and swelling of the eye  lids, sometimes producing blind-
ness, and the running of water from the eyes;  the eruptiou  rises  more abovfe
the skin,  and occasions a manifest roughness; which seldom attends scarlet te?
ver.
  'Treatment.*-The food"should  be very light, and the drink diluting and eppjr 
m
irig.   When the fever is high, the cough troublesome, or much difficulty of brea-
thing, it will be proper to bleed moderately.   The bowels should be kept open
by gentle purgatives, as epsom salts, senna and  manna, cremor tartar, or cas-
tor oil.  Bathing the feet and legs frequently in warm water very much abates
the violence of the disease.  Should the oppression  and difficulty of breathing
continue,it  will be proper to put a blister on the breast, which  should be kept
running by stimulating  ointment.  To relieve the cough, the patient may in?
hale tfie vapor of warm water,  take plentifully of sugar-candy, or occasionally '
a table-spoonful  or twoof the cough mixture prescribed in the appendix.  Should
ther? be much dkiiculty in swallowing, the throat should be rubbed  with vola-
tilejiniment and gargled with a decoction  of oak  bark, sage or rose-leaves.,
sweetened with honey, to which a  little alum may be added.  Should the ftvcr
abate, the strength sink, and purple or livid  spots appear, the patient's drink
shou d be acidulated with elixir of vitriol and  the decoction of bark and  snake*
root  with elixir of vitriol may be given every hour.  Nourishing diet and a mod-
erate allowance of good wine will  also be proper.
                              DYSENTERY
  Usually commences with pains in the belly, with frequent inclination to go
to stool;  which are small in quantity and sometimes mixed with  blood.  There
is mostly a peculiar  sensation  of  bearing down  while  at  stooJ,as if the whole
bowe s were falling out, and considerable pain.
   Treatment.—In this disease the  greatest attention should be paid  to cleanli-
ness, and keeping the  room well  ventilated, removing all  the evacuatiens im-
mediately.  The diet should consist principally  of gelatinous broth, barley wa-
ter,  light gruels, &,c. avoiding animal food of every kind.   A vomit  of ipecacu-
anha should be first administered, and its operation promoted by weak chamo-
mile tea, or warm  water; after this epsora salts or castor oil should  be given,
the former in doses of half an ounce, the  latter a table-spoonful  every hour or
two  until a natural evacuation is produced.   If the pulse is full, and the febrile
symptoms run high, it will  be  proper to bleed.   To allay  the irritation of the
rectum, clysters of flaxseed tea and sweet oil shouid be frequently administer-
ed and retained by the patient as long as possible;  and the  fundament anoin-
ted with hog's lard or sweet oil mixed with powdered opium.  To procure sleep
at night 1?, grains of opium, 3  grains of ipecacuanha, aud 10 grains of calomel,
made into pills or  powders,may be given at  bed time: beginning with the oil
orsalte the  next morning if necessary.
                                 COLIC
   Is accompanied with a paiuful distension of the belly, a  twisting  sensation
about the navel, costivencss, sometimes with flatulency, at others  with vomit-
ing of bilious matter.   Flatulent colic seldom requires any  other treatment than
a large dose of castor oil, with a few drops of essence of peppermint; a flannel
dipped in hot  brandy and laid  over the abdomen is also useful.   In bilious colic
when there  is vomiting and costiveneness, if much fever attend,  it will be prop-
er to bleed moderately: the bowels should then be  fairly  evacuated by injec-
tions or purgatives taken internally, as calomel and jalap, castor oil or antibil-
ious pills.   Fomentations of warm brandy applied  frequently to the belly are
often* useful in relieving the pain.   When these do not procure relief, the warm
bath and a blister  over the belly should be tried.  If the irritation at the stom-
ach is considerable, and the vomiting frequent, the saline mixture in the act of 
 effervescence should be given every hour, with twenty drops of laudanum, arid
 a plaster of Venice treacle, laudanum, and oil of cloves mixed, laid over the pi't
 of the stomach.
                          CHOLERA  MORBUS
   Is a violent purging and vomiting of yellow, green, or  dark bilious matter,
 attended with griping pain  in the belly, sickness  at the stomach, and great
 prostration of strength: it is frequently preceded  by heart burn, and mostly at-
 tacks suddenly.
   Treatment.—The vomi'ing and purging should be promoted by drinking free-
 ly of chicken water, gruel, or barley water, flaxseed tea, or weak animal bioths
 and also administering muciicginous injections; after the  stomach and bowels
 are thus cleansed, it  will be proper to give opium pills of one grain each every
 hour or two, if the violence of the disease requires it.  Should the pill be rejec-
 ted,  the saline draught in efferve-eence, with twenty-five or thirty drops of lau-
 danum should be substituted for it.  Laudanum may  also  be given with muci-
 laginous injections, aud when the stomach  rejects all remedies it should never
 be omitted.   The abdomen and stomach  should be fomented with  flannels dip-
 ped  in a mixture of hot brandy, laudanum,  and camphor, and should be chan-
 ged as soon as cold.   Warmth may likewise  be applied  to the extremities by
 bottles filled with water, or by warm flannels.  A  warm cataplasm of flour, lau-
 danum, camphor, and oil of cloves, laid  over  the region of the stomach, will
 sometimes allay the  irritation and vomiting.   When the pulse sinks and great
 oebility comes on, it will be proper to give wine, cordials and other stimulating
 drinks.  Laudanum, combined with tincture of cloves, will be found highly use-
 ful in this stage of the disease.
                    DIARRHCEA, OR LOOSENESS,
   Consists in frequent discharges of feculent matter by stool, accompanied
 sometimes with griping and  vomiting, though mostly without much of either
 and  is unattended with fever.
   Treatment.—It will be  proper to dislodge the contents of the stomach by an
 emetic of ipecacuanha, after which a cathartic of rhubarb and calcined magne-
 sia or castor oil may be given.  The stomach and intestines bein^ thus evacu-
 ated, the chalk mixture, prescribed in the appendix,  may be given in doses of a
 table-spoonful after  every evacuation.   Should great debiiity.follow  the dis-
 ease, recourse must be had to tonics; as bark, columbo, aud  preparations of iron.

                         WHOOPING COUGH,
  Uusually comes on with the same symptoms as a  common cold or catarrh.
 After a week or two the cou.Ji becomes violent and convulsive, and is attended
 with  a peculiar loud  sound termed  whoop:  vomiting  not unfrequently follows
 coighing.
   Treatment.—If the  patient is of a full habit and has much fever, moderate
 bleeding is useful; after a gentle emetic of ipecacuanha may be given,  and oc-
 casionally repeated.   Gentle laxatives, as castor oil or «nagnesia, will likewise
 bejproper.  When the difficulty of breathing and oppression is considerable a
 blister should be put on the breast,  and kept open by some stimulating ointment
 Assatcetida in pills or watery solution, and a  solution of carbonate of potash
have been found useful in .allaying the  violence of the symptoms  More how'
ever  is to be expected from a light diet and change of air than any other remedies* 
                                  m

                   "COMMON CATARRH, OR COLD,
  k so well known that it .ieeds no description.  The most usual remedies arei  !
bathing Mie feet and bus in warm water; drinking plentifully of warm diluent
fluids, as barlcv water," flaxseed tea, &c, and opening the bowels by  a dose of
salts, calomel and jalap, or castor oil.  To abate the violence of the cough at
night, two tea-spoonsful of paregoric elixir, with 20 or :J0 drops of antimonia
wine, or a tea-spoonful of syrup of squills-may be taken suing to bed.  During
the day it will generally be sufficient to use plentifully of gum arable or sugar  ,
candv ;  but if this should not produce the effect, il will be proper to take a tear
spoonful of paregoric elixir, with ten drops of antimonial wine,once in four or
five hours.   The brown mixture ordered in the appendix is preferable to either
where it can be procured: two table-spoonsful of it may  be taken going to bed,
aud one occasionally through  the day.   If there should be  much fever, it will  i
behest toble-id mod.-u- itely : and if the cough is hard, accompanied with a pain  ;
in the breast, a blister may be  laid over the breast with advantage.
                               WORMS.
  The presence of worms in the stomach is easily  distinguished by a variable
appetite, sometimes  voracious, at  others very bad; alternate paleness and flush-
ing of the face,  fetid bieatb, swelling and hardness of the belly, grinding  the
teeth during sleep, picking the nose, short dry cough, emaciation of the body,
slow fever, and sometimes convulsive fits.
   Treatment.-* Amongst tho numerous medicines prescribed for the cure of this
disease, iheie are none which answer the purpose better than Carolina pink
root and epirits of turpentine.  The former may be given in decoction, as or-
dered in the appendix, under ihe head of worm tea.
  Spirits of turpentine may be given in doses of 10 or 15 drops  twice or three
times a-day,and should be combined with half a table-spoonful of castor oil and
one drop of the oil ofmint.  The bowels should be freely evacuated by calomel
and jalap, rhubarb, or aloes, after  taking them.
              POISONS TAKEN INTO THE STOMACH.
  Those mineral poisons which are usually taken either by mistake or designy
are aresenic, corrosive sublimate, or sugar of lead.  The usual symptoms are, a
pricking,burning sensation in the stomach and throat, excruciating pains in the
bowels, unquenchable thirst; the tongue, mouth and throat rough and parched,
with much  anxiety and restlessness, and sometimes vomiting.
  The most important object in effecting a cure, ;s to  evacuate the stomach im-
mediately.   Fortius purpose, halfadramof white vitriol, or one dram of ipecac-
uanha should be given, and as much warm water, milk, gruel, flaxseed tea, or
brotb, as the patient can swallow.   One ounce ofsalt of tartar may be dissolved
in half a gallon of warm water, and a tea-cupful taken frequently: when this is
not at hand, soap-suds or ley will answer.  The whites of eggs are mixed with
water are also useful as an antidote to poisons, particularly the corrosive subli-
mate, and should be given in large  quantities.  Drinking freely of warm sweet
oil, butter, or lard and milk mixed, or administering them by injection, has been
highly recommended.   Where any  strong acid has b-jen taken, calcined mag-
nesia, solutions of soda or salt of tartar, ley, or soap-suds are proper; and in all
cases after tire offending matter has  been thrown  off from the stomach, and the
violent symptoms have subsided, the boivefs should be freely purged by largo
doses of castor oil. 
                                  .[65.]

viscid state of the blood, accompanied with pain in the bead and fever evacua-
tion. , as moderate bieedmg nr coo.iug doses ofcpsurn sal's or nitre, will be pro-
per.  Moderate exercise shou.d be taken in all cases, and the diet be 'i;:ht.   A
lea-spoonful of the tincture of biack hellebore ma> betaken twice a day in any
Convenient liquid—the feet and legs should be frequently bathed in warm wa-
ter, and moderate perspiration promoted.  Much attention, however, should al-
ways be given to  the patient's mind.  She should enjoy cheerful, agreeable so-
cietv, frequent  excursions into the country, and a change of scenery and em-
ployments.   These, with proper diet, are of the first consequence.
  DIARRHCEA, OR LOOSENESS IN CHILDREN.—(Summer complaint.)
   During the warm summer months it b not uncommon  fur children to be af-
fected with a purging or slim> green stools with griping pains, which if not pro-
perly managed  produce great debility and often prove fatal.  It will  be proper
to begin the cure by giving a gentb emetic of ipecacuanha, and after the vomit-
ing is over a purgative of calomel and rhubarb,  or castor oil.   Small dusts of
magnesia, with one or two grains of rhubarb ma\ then be given every four or
six hours until the stools become natural.  The food should consist of gruei, or
pap made of milk  boiled with rice flour, arrow-root, or  tvater biscuit, to which a
little nutmeg may be added.   Great attention should be paid to cleanliness; thq
clothing should be frequently changed, and the body of the child carefully wash-
ed; a flannel wrapper next the skin should always be  put  on.   When internal
remedies fail, the-application of a blister to the pit of the stomach, and frictions
of the body  with warm laudanum and brandy are. often useful.
                              TEETHING.,
  There is no period of infancy  attended with more distressing and afflicting
symptoms than difficult deteution.  Children usually begin to cut their teeth
between the fifth and eighth months^and the process continues to the  siv-eenth
month and longer.  The two fore-teeth of the under jaw appear first—soon  after
the two exactly opposite iu the upper jaw—these are succeeded by the four mo?
lares, then the canine, and la.c t ot all the eye-teeth—making in all sixteen, the
usual number of an infant's teeth.  In healthy, strong, children the process of
dentition is soon and easily completed,  but in those of a weak relaxed haLit, it
is slow and painful.  Dentition is often preceded by, or accompanied  with, va-
rious unpleasant symptoms.  The child  is fretful—the gums swell, spread, and
become hot—the cheeks are red—eruptions appear on the skin, especially the
face and  scalp—looseness ensues, with  green,.slimy  or  mucous stools—the
child starts during sleep, and shrieks often—there is  much fever—sometimes
cough- difficulty of breathing—great thirst—and convulsions.  When the bow-
els continue open, and no violent symptoms occur, no danger need  beappre-
heuded..  If the gums are miich swoln and i iflamed,deep longitudinal incisions
should be made  with a lancet  or sharp pen-knife, directly over where the  tooth
will come, which may be known, by a white streak on the top of the gum.   If
acidity of the stomach prevail, it will be  proper to give  frequent doses of ma»ne-
sia—and if flatulency and griping pain, a drop or two ot oil of aniseed mav  be
mixed with  the food, or a little tea made of caruwav seeds.   The bowels should
always be kept freely open, though not purged, and nothing will better answer
this purpose than  small doses  of magnesia or castor oil.   When there are vio-
lent startings with loud cries, watching, and a disposition to convulsions, a drop-
or two of laudanum, or ten drops of watery solution of assafoclida may be*»iven - 
                                   [CGj

and a blister may be put between the shoulders.  When  convulsions actually
come on, if the  child is of a very full habit, it will be proper to take an ounce
or two of blood either from the arm, or the neck with leeches, a laxative clyster
should be given, and the  solution of assafoetida, as above directed.  The clild
should be immersed in a warm bath.
                             RHEUMATISM
  Is of two kinds, acute or inflammatory, and chronic.   The former is attended
with pains in the joints and limbs: sometimes confined to one spot, at others
extending over the whole body:—swelling and  redness about the joints, and
considerable fever, which usually exacerbates towards evening with an increase
of pain.  Chronic is distinguished by pains and  stiffness, in the larger joints,
as the hips, shoulders, ankles, &c. without much, if any inflammation or fever.
  Treatment.—In the first kind, if there be much fever, bleeding from  the ami,
or from the part affected with leeches or  cups, will be necessary, and the bow-
els  should be opened by some purgative medicine, or laxative clysters adminis-
tered as occasion may require throughout the course of the disease.  Sweating
is also a useful remedy ; to promote it, a powder of one grain of ipecacuanha,
half a grain of powdered opium, and eight grains of saltpetre, may be given once
in three or four hours, and the patient  wrapped well in flannel.  As soon as per-
spiration commences he may drink freely of some warm teas or barley  water.
When the pain is confined to one spot, a blister or mustard plaster may  be put
over it with advantage, or it may be bathed with volatile liniment.
  In cronic rheumatism, the use of gum guaicum in powder, or the volatile tinc-
ture of it  will be highly useful; of the former, a small tea-spoonful may be taken
three times a-day in molasses;  one or two tea-spoonsful  of the tincture taken
three times a-day, in a little milk,cider, or porter, is the proper quantity.   Blis-
ters, or mustard plasters applied to the diseased joint?, or rubbing them with
liniments as above directed, will be proper.   Flannel should be worn  next the
ekin, and particular care taken to guard against changes in the weather.
                                 PILES
  Copsist of painful tumors situated  on  the verge of the fundament.   In some
cases there is a discharge of blood from them.   When the patient goes to stool,
there is generally an increase of pain, the tumors projecting around the anus.
Costiveness is a usual cause of this disease, and is  therefore to be avoided, as
also hard riding, and the  free use of strong aloetic purges.
  Treatment.—The first thin?; is to open the bowels, by mild laxative medicines
which will not irritate the parts, such as castor oil, cremor tartar, or senna and
manna.  When the tumors are  attended with great pain and inflammation, lee-
ches should be applied to them and around the anus, and cloths wet with a so-
lution of sugar of lead or  white vitriol kept over them, and changed as often as
they become warm.  After every stool or oftener, the parts should be well a-
nointed with an ointment made by mixing one ounce of simple cerate with two
drams of finely powdered galls, and twenty grains of powdered opium or a little
laudanum,

  (J^-The doses of medicines  ordered throughout the work are intended for
grown persons where it is not otherwise  specified, and they must be proportio-
ned ■ • the age.- of children.  If they do not operate in two hours after they have
beeu taken, they should be repeated. 
APPENDIX.
t/ltdgencral rule of proportion in regulating the doses of medicine for different
               ages, the following will be sufficiently accurate:
  A -hi.d from  1 to "> months old may take one-twelfth of the quantity given
ton «: >^vn pers-jn—oae to two years may take one-eighth—three years, onc-
p,,iri-i—five years old, one third—seven years, one-half—11 years, two-thirds.
                      DOSES OF
   Calomel—Is frequently  given t
 children in small doses for worms, un
 der the name of worm powders.  The
 following are the doses—one to be giv-
 en every other morning, until three have
 been taken, then give a dose of senna
 and manna, castor oiJ,or any other mild
 cathartic, viz:
       2 years         4 grains.
   3 tod              5 grains. .
   5 to 6              6 grains.
   7 to 8              8 grains.
 To  be taken in molasses.
 Calomel and jalap —mixed, form an
excellent cathartic in most cases where
such a medicine is wanted, and may be
given in the following doses, viz:—
              Calomel Jalap.
      2yearsoId2  &  3grs. mixed.
  3 to 4
      5
      6
 7 to  8
 9 to 10
11 to 12
13 to 15
Grownpersons
 mav take
  3
  4
  4
  5
  5
  6
  6
;io
\  8
  4 do.
  5 do.
  G do.
  6 do.
  8 do.
  8 do.
10 do.
12 do.
10 do.
 do
 do.
 do.
 do.
 do.
 do.
 do.
do.orj
do
 To he given in molasses.
 Rhubarb—is a useful tonic and cath-
artic: to answer the latter purpose,the
following doses may he given:—
      2 years              6 grains.
 3 to  4             7 to  8  do.
 5 to  6             9 to 10  do.
 7 to  8             12 to 14 do.
 MEDICINE.
   9 to 12             18 to 20  do.
  13 to 16                  25  do.
  For a grown person   35 to 40  do.
   To be given in any convenient liquid.
   Ipecacuanha—is  but a mild  effectual
  emetic.  It may be given in the follow-
  ing doses:—
   to 2 years                5 grains.
 3 to 5                   10  do.
 Oto 8                    15  do.
  ) to 15               18 to 20  do.
     1G and upwards   30 to 40  do.
 which may be  repeated every quarter
  fan hour, till they operate;  drinking
 plentifully of warm chamomile lea, or
 water,
  Antimonial wine—is used as an emetr
 ic, and also an  expectorant and  febri-
 fuge.   Where it is designed to vomit,
   child six months old may take 5 dropsy
   to 2 years         10 to 15 drops.
 3 to 4               20 to 30  do.
 5 to G               40 to 50   do.
 7 to 15           from 1 to   1|  tea*
 spoonsful, to be repeated every 15 min-
 utes till it operates.
  A grown person may take \ an ounce*
 and a i of ounce every fifteen  minutes
 afterwards till an ounce has been taken,
 or vomiting produced;  promoting  its
 operation by drinking  freelv of warm
 water, or chamomile tea.  When it op-
[erates too severely, a small quantity of
 salt and water will check it, and  turq
 the effect downwards.
                     MEDICINES, «&€•
  Extract> of lead—25 or 30 drop,, added to half a ; i.it of water, makes lead-
water: which is useful in bums, bruises, and  inflammations: to be applied by
means of rags wet with it, and laid over the affected part 
                                     [OS]

    Spirits of hartshorn—is applied to the nose, and given internally in doses of
  lo or 20 .i. --, in cases of fai.iJi:i.i.   M;xcd with an equal quantity of aw. etoil
  it fo <n> ;i.i •■\"e,ie-it embrocation for -ore ihioat, bruises, sprains, &r. &c.
  ,  Turlington s baham—in doses of20 to 40 drops, tiiken on sugar three or four ■
  time- a-dav, is useful for  pain and weakness in  the breast.
    Laudanum—25 or 30 drop* i- the common dose: when the pain is very acute,
  it ma  .>e increased  .o 10 or t»D  drops.  (^-Laudanuni when long kept, s, me-'
  times deposits a part of the opium, and becomes  turbid: when this is the case,
  it sho.ild be carefully filtered through unsized paper, before it is used inteniidlv.
    Soap liniment—is a proper application for bruises, sprains, chilblains, rheu-
  matr Mins, &,c.  It should be rubbed on the affected  part 3 or 4 times a-day.
    Spirits of camphor—is also useful as an embrocation, as above: it tniy be
  mln;.-\-| 'ike. ise on the temples and forehead, to relievebeadach.
    Lavender compound.—T<>  persons of we-dk  habtis, in cases of faint ness and ;,
 sickor>,s at the  stomach, this is a pleasant and useful cordial.  Dose, a tea-*
 spoo'iful or more of ioaf sugar.
   Paregoric elixir—relieves coughs, tickling  in the  throat, »fec.  Dom: for a
 gro.vu person, GO to  100 drops once  or twice a-day.   Take  the same quantity
 going t:> bed, with 40 to 00 dr ps of antimonial wine.
   Elixir vitriol—Fifteen  *o20 drops, in a little cold chamomile, centaury, of
 columno root tea, strengthens the stomach and promotes appetite.  Sweetened
 water, slightly acidulated  with it, forms an agreeable drink iii fevers.
   Castor oil—isan excellent purge, particularly  in dysentery, diarrhea, colic,
 and ail disorders where there is any irritation in the bowels.   Two table-spoons-
 ful are a dose, to be repeated in an hour or two,  if necessary.
   lluxhaw''&• tincture of bark—Is a useful tonic.   In cases of debility,  weak-
 ness of the stomach, loss  of appetite, &c, it may be given in doses of one or two
 tea-spoonsful, in a  little water.
   Street spirits of nitre—is used  to produce perspiration.   Dose, 30 or 40 drops
 mixed with a little warm tea or sweetened water, repealed once in two or three
 hours,   bs beneficial effects are  much increased by adding 20 drops of anti-
 monial wine to each dose.
   Essence of peppermint—is useful  in  flatulancies, sick  stomach, and colic
 from wind.   Dose, 15 to 30 drops in sweetened water.
   Syrup of squills—is very useful in coughs, croup, &.c. to promote expectora-
 tion.  Dose, from one to  three tea-spoonsful.
   Tincture ofassafatida,—used in hysterics, palpitation of the heart, and most
 nervous  affections.    A tea-spoonful may be taken at once in a little water, and
 repeated in  an hour, if relief is not obtained.
   Tincture ofrlrubarb—is used as a stomachic and laxative.  Dose, £ an oz.
   Syrup of rhubarb—is  useful as a purge, particularly for children, in cases of
 diarhaja: a child one year old may take a tea-.spoonful for every two hours; for
 a gro-vri person one ounce  operates as a purge.
   Warner's cordial—is a  safe and agreeable cordial  in flatulencies and colic
 prod '■«'! |.\  vied.   D<<c, a table-spoonful iu a little warm  water, sweetened.
   Tirchsreof'muriat of iron.—An excellent tonic, in weak and debilitated ha-
 bit-.  D  \ from 5 t  i 12drjps, three or four times a-day.
   Tincture of myrrh —Used as a -tomachie.   Dec. 30 or 40 drops.   It is also
ger i.-pa.....[<■ diseases .f the g-.m« and mouth.   A tea-spuonful should be pitl
into half a tumbler of water, and the mouth washed with it. 

■v
                                    [GO]

'    Tincture of hellebore*-—is given  in difficult or suppressed  menstruation.'-.
  Dn,.',   ea--oo .ritiji once or twice a-day.
    Coxc\s hivesyrup.—A valuable remedy in hive?, and.all diseases where there
  igi»;riression at the breast, phlegm, and difficulty of breathing.  It may be giv-
  en in d-»>es of 10 drops to a child one year old;  two years, 15 drops; three to
  five years, 25 to 30 drops;  si* to seven  years, a tea-spoonful, increasing the
  dose ir pi (portion to the age.—It should be repeated every quarter, half, or one
  h jar, according to the violence of the symptoms,   it operates by purging, vom-
  iting  and sweat.
    Ether vitriol—is useful iu flatulent colic, and to check  vomiting; also as an
I  aii''Ci ne iii nervous diseases.   Doe, one to two tea-spoonsful.
    Jalap—isau active purgative.  When used alone the dose is%20or 30 grains,
    Aloes — is also an active cathartic, used for worms, and m  female obstruc-
  tion--.   Dose, from 5 l >20 grains.   As if is apt to gripe, a small quantity of gin-
  ger or of a .i," aromatic essential oil should be added to each dose.
    Tartar emetic—vomits violently.  For a grown person 4 to G grains may be
  dis- >lve.l in o table-spoonsful of warm water, and one table spoonful of the solu-
  tion every ten minutes till it vomits.   Common salt checks the emetic effect of
  this medicine,and turns it to a cathartic.
    Sulphat of zinc, or white vitriol, —is another powerful emetic.   It should only
  he given when poisons have been taken:  thecfose then wiil be 15 to 30 grains
  for a grown person, dissolved in  warm water;  take  half  at once, and the  re-
  mainder iu 10 or 15 minutes, if vomiting is not produced.
    Squills— are useful as an expectorant and diuretic.  They will be found ser-
  viceable iu dropsical complaints to promote a discharge  of urine.  Dose, two
  or three grains, repeated'twice or thrice during the day.
    Nitre, or saltpetre—is useful  in fevers and dropsy, to  promote perspiration
  and urine.  The dose is from 5 to  12 grains, repeated five or  six  times a-day.
  In slicrlu cases of sore throat, where themouih or throat is excoriated and infla-
  med, relief may he obtained by dissolving gradually in the mouth a'small lump
 of nitre, and swallowing the saliva.
   Pin.cian bark—is a useful tonic.  It may he given  in all cases of debility
 where there is little or no fever.  Dose, a tea-spoonful  of  the powder three or
 four times a-dav.   Its effects are increased  by the addition  of the Virginia
 snake root, in the   roportien of two drams to an ounce of bark.  To make the
 deco-tioii, pour a pint of boiling water on this quantity, boil for 15 minutes,and
 wh >n r d1, s'raia and give a wine-glassfil every hour or two.
    Virginia snake root—is a valuable tonic bitter; it  is of use in remittent fevers
 and in rheumatisms, and is  mostly  exhibited in decoction, or  in conjunction
 with the  Peruvian bark.   F >r making the decoction, put halfan ounce toa pint
 nfw;iter; lioil for 15or20 minutes;  when cool,strain and  give a small  wine-
 glassful every hour or iw ..
   FoclcAs mineral solution  of arsenic. —-This is an excellent remedy in fevers,
 parlicularlv i tennittent or  fever and agoe and remittents.  The usual dose is
from 5to  10 drops three times a-day, taking likewise the bark and snake-root,
 whenever there is no fever.
   Scnni  and manna—mixed, form an excellent cathartic—half  an ounce of
each with a bile fennel seed h the usual dose for a grown person.
   Colombo  root—\< an excel!  nt tonic; it is useful in ca_.es of indigestu n and
weakness of the stomach* and mav be advantageously  prescribed  forwcaltiV 
                                       [W]

     persons who are recovering from indisposition.   To make the decoction pat
     one .ounce of the bruised root to a pint of water, boil half an hour, and strain;
     wh n cool, take a wine-glassful three 01  lour times a-day.
       Opium—\* given to relieve pain, procure sleep, and to allay nervous  irrita-
     bility; it isusefhlin check.ng the vomiting and purging in cholera rnorb ;s di-
     arrhoea, &c.  The dose is one grain, to  be repeated once in two hours, pr jften-
     er, as the disease may require.   Where there is much fever it should  not be-
     given.
       Rustofiron—is useful in all casos of chronic debility; it may be  given in
     the form of pills, with extract of gentian  or quassia; dose from 5 to 10 grains,
     twice or thrice a-dav.
       Assaf<2tida—.—lyi\k of one or two grains each of assafeetida may he given  '
     with much advantage in whooping cough; one pili may be given every hour or j
     two, or it may be prescribed  in the form of watery solution: to make which, a j
     quarter of an ounce of the gum is to be dissolved  in  six ounces of warm  water,
     and half a tea-spoonful given every hour or two.  This last preparation in the '
     quantity ordered will be useful inconvulsions of children.  In headach, arising \
     from nervous disorder*, and in all nervous diseases, it may be given with advan-
     tage, either in substance or tincture: of the latter a tea-spoonful is the common
     dose.
     ,  Volatile tincture of gum guakum—is an excellent  remedy in rheumati-m.—«
     The dose is a tea-spoonful  or two, repeated twice or thrice a-day.
       Basilicon ointment—is a proper application to old sores, where it is necessa-
     ry to promote suppuration: also to dress blisters with.   When mixed with spir- ,
     its of turpentine to the consistence of cream, it is recommended as a useful dres-
     sing for burns and scalds.
       Blistering ointment—for drawing a blister.  Spread  it on linen, shecp-skio,
     or strong paper; wet the surface with vinegar, as also the part where it is to be
     applied.  After laying on  the blister, put several folds of soft linen rags over it,
     and bind all firmlv on with a  bandage of considerable length to secure it prop-
     erly.  It should be kept on 12 hours.   On  removing it, cut the  skin  with a
     pair of sharp scissors, and  press out the water; then if it is designed to keep  it
     running, lay on a plaster of basil icon spread thinly on a soft rag; if it is wished
     to heal it speedilv. simple cerate may be applied.   When  it is necessary to
    keep blisters running for a long time, it will be proper to dress them once  in two
     or three days with the stimulating ointment made by mixing one part ofblister-
     ing with two parts of basilicon ointment.  If after the application of a blister,
     Che person should be  troubled with frequent inclination to urine,accompanied
     with great pain and difficulty  in passing  it, he should drink plentifully of gum a-
     sabic water, flaxseed tea, barley water, scabious tea, decoction of the  seeds of
•   water melons, or if to be had,  the decoction of uva ursi in preference to either;
     to make the latter, put half an ounce of the  herb *oone ounce of boiling  water,
     boil for twenty minutes, and give half a teacupful every half hour till relieved.
       Simple cerate—is a useful ointment  for burns and  scalds, and other sores
     where nothing more is required than to keep them soft.
       Red precipitate ointment— is recommended for the itch, tetter, and most dis-
     eases of the skin, and for old indolent sores.
       Tar ointment—is proper for soreheads, and eruptions of the skin in children.
    It sometimes CTres tetter.
       ■Epsom and glauber salts—are used as purgatives.   The common dose for a 
                                   [71]

 grown person is one ounce, or a large table spoonful,  Warm tea, chocolate,
 gruel, or weak bro'h,-hould be the diet, after taking these or any other purga-
 tives, as they assist ven much in their operation.
    To make u-ormtea .—One ounce of pink root, three drams of senna, two drams
 cfpowdered rhubarb,and twr of fennel-seed:  pour on them one pint of boiling
 water, cover it close, and boil for fifteen or twenty minutes; when  cool, strain
 and givebaif a wine-glassful two or three times a-day to a child three years old:
 a wine-glassful to one of eight or ten years; and a small tea-cupful to one Qi
 fifteen or sixteen years.  Sweeten it with brown sugar.
    Cough mixture.—Dissolve two ounces of smjar  candy and half an ounce of
[ gum arabic in half a pint of water;  add to it one ounce of paregoric elixir, a
 quarter of an ounce ofantimoniar wine, and a quarter of an ounce of sweet spi-
 rits of nitre.  Dose, a table-spoonfu" occasionally.                      f
    Saline draught, or effervescing mixture.—Useful in checking vomiting;  it al-
 so forms an agreeable drink in all fevers   To prepare it, dissolve1 fifteen  or
 twenty grains, or half a dram of salt of tartar in half a wine-glass of water,swee-
 ten it, and add to it  a table-spoonful of fresh lemon juice: it is to  be drank at
 once while the effervescence continues.  When there is much sickness at the
 stomach and vomiting, it may be preferable to use mint water, instead of pure
 water.
    Chalk julep—is a simple medicine in simple diarrhoea or looseness, and may
 safely be given in all cases where there is little or no fever, and the purging is
 unaccomp^iied with severe griping.  It is thus prepared—ir»half a pint of weak
 cinnamon water rub three drams of prepared chalk, half an  ounce of powdered
 gum arabic and a little loaf sugar; add to it two drams of the tincture of kino, or
 00 drops of laudanum;  take a table-spoonful after  every evacuation by  stool.
   Clysters.—To make a purgative clyster, take about half a pint of lukewarm
 water, riissolve it in one ounce of epsom or glauber salts, or two table-spoonsful
 of common  salt, and add two table-spoonsfnl of molasses, and one of sweet oil.
 Tobeused warm.  For an  emollient clyster  mix  half a pint of warm flaxseed
 tea, and an ounce of sweet oil.  Forty or sixty drops of laudanum added  to it,
 form an  anodyne clyster, which is very useful in violent purging.
   Starch clysters—are highly serviceable in dysentery, cholera morbus, and di-
 arrhoea, and may be injected after every loose stool.   Take four ounce;- or a gill
 of the jelly of starch, sweet oil, flaxseed oil or lard, a table-spoonful; liquify the
 jelly with a little warm water, and stir it well with the oil.  Forty  or sixty
 drops of laudanum may occasionally be added.
   In those diseases where the patient's strength is much reduced, and nourish-
 ment cannot be retained upon the stomach, injections of fat broths, gruel, bar-
 ley water, or beef tea, (without any salt,)  will often support them a long time.;
 They may also be used in other cases where a simple injection is wanted. 
CONTKYI'S.
  Appendix to the inlro-
   ductiou
  Anger                 t<
  Avarice               16
  Approved fire escape    30
  Anniversary, &c.       ib.
  Asthma                37
  Apples, to preserve     45
  Apiary                 46
  Abscess of the liver     3b
  Blistered feet          ib.
  Bilious fever            38
  Bite ofcsnakes         ib.
  ----of mad dog       4)
  Bleeding of the lungs   40
  Butter,  to cure          43
  Bread, to make        it).
  Bacon, to cure         44
  Beef and pork         ib.
  Bruised oats           45
  Bee flowers            46
  Botts in horses         4£
  Broken  wind in horses  50
  Bees, to keep in wiiter 47
  Burns and scalds       63
  Cautions and remedies  27
  Consumption, <S-c.      33
  Cholera morbus   61&33
  Cancer                39
  Cold feet, to cure .     40
  Ciamp                ib.
  Croup, or hires     59&41
  Colic             60&42
  Cheese making         ib.
  Cows, to milk          43
  Cider, to improve      45
  Cracks, to mend       ib.
  Cocroaches, to destroy  48
  Cordial drink for cattle 51
  Chilblains              64
  Common catarrh,or cold 62
  Dram drinkers         18
  Drunkard's looking-
   glass                 23
  Digging wells           32
0 Dysentery        60 & 33
  Diarrhoea or loosenes 65 34
  Drop' -r                ib.
  D-vb    da             41
Deafness
Diestutls, &c.
Dying blue
      wool a perma-
nent color
      silks, &c.
    ■— bonnets
----— gloves
       gloves purple
                      ib

                      ib
                      ib
                      ib
                      53
                      ib
       gloves Limeric  ib.
Dying from potato tops 53
Doses of medicine
Fovy
Fever and ague
Frosted feet
Flies, to remove
----to keep off hoi ses
Frenzy in cattle
Gaming
Gravel
Grapi|.
I
rtypochoridria
Hernia
Woven or blown in cattle 50
ileartburn             64
Headach              ib.
introduction            3
Intemperance          10
Insects in the ear       39
------, to destroy      45
Introduction to a trea-
 tise, &c.             54
Intermittent fever      55
Inflammation of the eyes 57
Inflammation of the fiver 5Ji
Inflammation of the ear. in.
Jaundice              40
Kings evil             39
Locked jaw            40
Mortification          36
Mumps                50
Measles
Menstruation
Medicine
Night
Opium
Obsti
Piles
Poisons  taken  in ttft'
 stomacb             ' 62
Poisons  affecting ttfs
 skin                 64
Prevention of accident!,
 by fire               28'
Putrid sore throat      41
Pole evil in horses     48
Purging drink for cattle 49
launching in cattle    51-
rienrisy               58
Q-'insy            57 a 34 \
Rheumatism       66 a 36
Ring bone in horses    48
Remittent, or bilious fe-
 ver                  5G
Scurvy                38
spitting of blood       37
Sore nipples           39
Sore breasts           39
Spanish flies           42
Sheep                 46
Sores and  bruises in
 horses       ^       48
Swimming in the head
 in cattle             51
Sweating drink fordo,  ib.
Small pox             35
Scarlet fever           55
Treatment of  scalds
 and burns             29
To escape from a bou.se
 on fire                ib.
Toothach              34
---powder*          ib.
Tetter                36
To take honey without
 destroying bees       46
To remove stainB       53
To cure cold  in cattle  49
The yeUows,orjauudicc iii.
Teething              65
  ojms            39 a 62
          r felon      39
            trembling 4tfj
             eevils    45
          tjdugh       61
     odk:f:f|          63
Yellojp water in horses 4?

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