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       COMPENDIUM


FLOR.E  PHILADELPHIA:

      CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION
INDIGENOUS AND NATURALIZED PLANTS
     WITHIN A CIRCUIT OF TEN MILES AROUND'


            PHILADELPHIA.

                       /


                     f
                  BY

      WILLIAM P. C. BARTON, M. D.
                ,   "**
SURGEON IN THE U. STATES NAVY, AND OF THE NAVAL HOSPITAL
   AT PHILADELPHIA; AND PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE
          UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA.
IN TWO VOLUMES.     ''<£\\' .
                    vVJ  A

VOL. II.      fjj  I:'
/■?
1 tJl
       PHILADELPHIA:

PUBLISHED BY M. CAREY AND SON,

    NO. 126, CHESNUT STREET.
       J. R, A. Skerrett, Printer.
1818. 
Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to wit:
  BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the ninth day of July, in
the forty-third year of the Independence of the United States
of America, A. D. 1818, William P. C. Barton, M. D  of the
said District, hath deposited in this office the title of a Book,
the right whereof he claims as author, in the words following,
to wit:
" Compendium Flora Philadelphic<e : Containing a description of
  the Indigenous and Naturalized Plants found within a cireiut of
  ten miles around Philadelphia. By William P. C. Barton, .WD.
  Surgeon in the U. States' JYavy, and of the JYdval Hospital at
  Philadelphia,-  and Professor of Botany in the University of
  Pennsylvania. In two volumes."

  In  conformity to the  act  of  the  congress of the United
States, entitled "An  Act for the encouragement of learning,
by securing the copies of maps,  charts, and books, to the au-
thors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein
mentioned;" and also to the act entitled," An Act supplemen-
tary to an act entitled, ' An Act for the encouragement of learn-
ing, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books to the
authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times there-
in mentioned,'  and  extending the benefits thereof to the arts
of  designing, engraving and etching  historical and other
prints."
                                     D. CALDWELL,
               Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
POLYANDRIA.
TILIA.
HELTANTHEMU
PORTULACA.
CHELIDONLUM.
SANGUINARIA.
PODOPHYLLUM
S.CT^A.
^ARRACENIA.
NUPHAR.
NYMPH^A.
AQUILEGIA.
C1MICIFUGA.
ASCYRUM.
    HYPERICUM.
    ELODEA.
    MAGNOLIA.
    LIRIODENDRON.
    PORCELIA.
    CLEMATIS.
    ANEMONE.
    THALICTRUM.
    HYDRASTIS.
    CALTHA.
    HEPATICA.
    RANUNCULUS.
    BRASENIA.
CYAMUS.
VOL. II.
2 
[  6  j
              CLASS XII—POLYANDRIA.


                  ORDER I.  MONOGYNIA.

                 237. TILTA. Gen. pi. 894. (Tiliaceoe.)

         Calix  inferior, 5-parted,  deciduous.  Petals
           5.  Immature capsule 5-celled,  5-valved,
           cells 1 or  3-seeded;  mature capsule cori-
           aceous, globose, 1-seeded, bursting at the
           base.-~-JV\ift.

glabra.     l. T. leaves suborbiculate, cordate, abruptly acumi-
           nate, narrowly serrate,  subcoriaceous, smooth;
           petals truncate  at the end,  crenate, the style
           nearly equal to the petals',  nut ovate, subcos-
           tate.—Ventenat.
         T. Americana, Willd.
         T. Caroliniana, Wangh. Amer. 56. (Pursh.)
         T. Canadensis, Mich.
           Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest, vol. 3. p. 311. t. 1.

         Lime-tree. Linden-tree. Bass-wood.  Spoon-wood.
          A well-known tree under the above  appellations. Frequent
         on the country seats of this neighbourhood, and planted occa-
         sionally in the streets of this city. >j . May, June.

           238. HELIANTHEMUM. Juss. Gen. pi.326. (Cisti.)

         Segments of the calix mostly unequal,  the 2
           exterior smaller.  Petals  5.  Capsule, su-
           perior, 1-celled, 3-valved, valves septife-
           rous in the centre.—JVutt.

canadense.  l. H. without stipules, erect;  leaves  alternate,
           erect, linear-lanceolate, flat, tomcntose beneath;
           racemes terminal, few-flowered;  calicine seg- 
         POLYANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.                7

  ments broad, ovate-acuminate; capsules shorter
  than the calix.—WiUd. and Pursh.
Cistus Canadensis, L.

                    Rock-rose.

  From ten inches to a foot high. Flowers large, yellow; pe-
tals spreading.  In dry woods, Jersey, every where common.
Perennial. June.

2. II. without stipules, erect, powdery-tomentose; ramniiflo.
  leaves alternate,  oblong, acute, revolute  on the™"1'
  margin, tomentose beneath; racemes very short,
  above sub-3-flowered, calicine segments orbi-
  culate-powdery, capsules globose, the length of
  the calix.—Mich, and Pursh.
Mecandra ram is alternis, Clayt. fl. Virg. 20.

  From a span to ten inches high.  An ordinary looking plant,
with very small flowers, also yellow.  In sandy commons and
fields of Jersey, about five or eight miles below the city, fre-
quent. In a sandy, grassy lawn, Jersey, about a quarter of a
mile south-east of the ferry, opposite Gloucester point; very
abundant. Perennial. July.

3. II. without stipules, erect, branched, finely pu- corymbosum.
  bescent; leaves  alternate, lanceolate, hoary-to-
  mentose beneath; corymbs fastigiate, crowded,
  many-flowered; calicine segments ovate-acute;
  capsules scarcely longer than the calix.—Mich.

  Resembles No. 2, exceedingly.  Flowers sometimes apetal-
ous, in  which state it resembles Lechea major.  Grows with
Xo. 2. Perennial. June to August.

     239. PORTULACA. Gen. pi. 824. (Portulacea:.)

Calix  inferior, bifid.   Petals 5.  Capsule 1-
   celled, opening circularly.  Receptacle un-
   connected, 5-lobed.—JVutt.

1. P. leaves cuneiform, flowers  sessile.—WiUd.  oiewcea.
  Icon. Schkuhr. handb.  130. (Pursh.) 
8
POLYANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.
                             Purslane.

           A well-known pot-herb, common in gardens and wastes.
         July.

             240. CHELIDONIUM. Gen. pi. 880. (Papaveracex.)

         Calix 2-leaved, deciduous.  Petals 4.  Stig-
            ma small and bifid, sessile.   Silique su-
            perior, 2-valved, 1-celled, linear.  Dissepi-

            ment none.  Seeds many,  crested.—JVutt.


majus.     l.C. leaves alternate, pinnate, lobate; umbels ax-
           illary, pedunculated.—WiUd.
             Icon. Fl. Dan. 542. Engl. Bot. 1581.


                            Celandine.

           As well-known as the preceding, and equally  common
         among rubbish; and, along the banks of the Wissahickon and
         Schuylkill, appearing to grow wild. It is however introduced,
         though completely naturalized.   It is hardly  necessary to
         mention the reputed power of the juice of this plant, which is
         so universally believed to cure warts.  It is, for this purpose
         inefficacious. Perennial, May.

            241. SANGUINARIA. Gen. pi. 878.  (Papaveracex.)

         Calix 2-leaved, deciduous.  Petals 8. Stig-
           ma sessile, 2-grooved.    Capsule superior,
           oblong,  1-celled, 2-valved,  apex attenu-
           ated.   Receptacles 2,   filiform, marginal.
           —JSTutt.


canadensis,  i.  S.  leaves subreniform,  sinuate-lobate,  scape
           one-flowered.— WiUd.
             Icon. Bot. Mag.  162. Bart. Vee:. Mat. Med.
               U. S. vol. 1. t. 2.


         Blood-root. Puccoon.  Indian Paint. Turmeric, 6rc.

          This elegant plant is admirable for its  delicacy, and inter-
         esting from the circumstance of its very early inflorescence. 
POLYANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.                 9
The root is powerfully medicinal. (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.)
On the edges of rich woods, everywhere common west of the
Delaware.  Perennial. April, May.

   242. PODOPHYLLUM. Gen. pi. 879. (Ranunadacex.)

Calix 3-leaved.   Petals  9.  Stigma crenate,

   sessile.  Capsule superior, 1-celled, many-
   seeded, becoming an ovate berry.  Recep-
   tacle unilateral, large and pulpy.—Mutt.


1. P. stem  one-flowered ; leaves peltate, palmate, peitatum.
   lobes cuneate, incised.
     Icon. Catesb. Car. 1. t. 24.


       May Apple.   Mandrake.   Wild Lemon.

  A  very important medicinal plant,  extensively diffused
throughout the U. States.  Fruit yellow, esculent and palata-
ble ;  leaves deleterious. About a foot or fourteen inches high;
stem supporting a single white  spreading flower, and two
large leaves.  The  leaves are frequently maculated with
brown discolourations.  The root properly prepared,  is equal
to jalap.  (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S )   In moist shady situa-
tions, growing in great quantities together, every where com-
mon, west of the Delaware. Perennial.  May.

         243. ACT.EA. Gen. pi. 877. (Rosace*.)

 Calix 4-leaved,  diciduous.   Petals 4, often
   wanting.   Style none ;   stigma capitate.
   Berry  superior, 1 -celled, many-seeded.

   Seeds   semi-orbicular.   Receptacle unila-
.   teral.—Nutt.

 1. A. leaves decompound; folioles oblong, gradu-Americana.
   ally  acute,  cut-serrate;   raceme ovate, petals
   shorter than the stamens.—Pursh.
 A. spicata, Mich.
 A. rubra, Willd. cnum.

             Herb Christopher.  Cohosh.

   About two feet  high. On the high banks of the Wissahick-
 on, not far from Germantown. Rare. Perennial. April, May.
                        2* 
10               POLYANDRIA, MOXOGYNIA.

          244. SARRACEXIA. Gen. pi. 885. (Plant* incertx sedis.)

         Calix double, exterior smaller 3-leaved,  in-
           terior 5-leaved, botb persistent.   Petals 5,
           deciduous, erect, spreading from about  the
           middle.   Stigma very large  and persist-
           ent,  clypeate,  covering the stamina, mar-
           gin pentangular.  Capsule 5-celled, 5-valv-
           ed, many-seeded, valves septiferous in  the
           centre.—JVutt.

purpurea.   1. S.  leaves short, with an inflated gibbous tube,
           the mouth constricted, ventral-wing broad-arch-
           ed, appendix erect, subreniform, cordate, muti-
           cate, sessile.—Mich, and WiUd.
             Icon.  Barton's  Elements  of Botany. Bot.
               Mag. 849. Catesby. Car. 2. t. 70.

                       Side-saddle Flower.
          A very curious and elegant plant.  Leaves hollow, and ven-
         tricose, generally half filled with water  and dead insects.
         Flowers reddish purple.  The old leaves often purple, and
         conspicuously veined with the same colour. In the low bogs
         and sphagnous marshes of Jersey, ten miles south-east of  Phi-
         ladelphia. In the bogs of the woodlands ; very rare.  Peren-
         nial. June, July.

             245. NUPIIAR. Smith, prodr. fl. grsec. 1. p. 361.
                          (Hydrocharides.)
         Calix 5 or 6-leaved.  Petals many, minute,
           inserted with the stamina  upon the recep-
           tacle, externally  nectariferous.    Stigma
           orbicular, radiated, sessile.  Capsule car-
           nose, many-celled, many-seeded, superior.
           —Nutt.

advena.     1. N. leaves erect, cordate, very entire ; lobes di-
           varicate, calix 6-leaved, stigma slightly umbi-
           licate, 15-radiate, pericarp furrowed.—ML ICew.
           2d. ed. 
         POLYANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.                11

Nymphsea advena, Willd.
N. arilblia, Salisbury.
  Icon. Bot. Mag. 684.  W illd. hort. berol. 38.

                  Splatter-dock.

  From two to three feet high, with very large lcr.ves.  In
great profusion on the marshy shores of the Delaware, Schuyl-
kill, and all other waters in our neighbourhood, covering the
shores for miles together in extent.  Also  in ditches, very
common. Flowers yellow, globular.  Perennial. July, August.

2. N. leaves  cordate, lobes approximating, calix Kalmiana.
  5-leaved,  stigma   incised,  8-12-rayed.—Jit.
  Kexv. ed. 2d.
Nymphaja Kalmiana, Bot. Mag.
N. lutea, /3 Kalmiana, Mich.
N. microphylla, Pers.
N. lutca, Walt.
N. minima, Muhl., but not N. lutea, var. minima,
  Willd.
     Icon.  Bot. Mag. 1243.

                Small water Lily.

  Leaves floating, one-third as large as the  preceding; flow-
ers yellow, also floating;  about half an inch in diameter. In a
pool on the east shore of the Schuylkill, about a mile south of
the falls; very rare. I have not found it in any other locality.
Perennial. July, August.

     246. NYMPHjEA.  Gen. pi. 886. (Hydrocharidcs.)

Calix 4 or 5-leaved.  Petals many, inserted
  upon the germ beneath the stamina.  Stig-
  ma orbicular, radiated, sessile, nectarife-
  rous in the centre. Capsule carnose, many-
  celled,  many-seeded, superior.—JsTutt.

1. N. leaves orbiculate-cordate, very  entire, sub- °<iorata.
  emarginate, the lobes divaricate, with a blunt
  point; calix 4-leaved.—Ait. and Willd. 
12             POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAGYNIA.


         N. alba, Mich, and Walt.
         Castalia pudica, Salisbury.
           Icon. Bot. Mag. 819.  Bot. Repos. 297 ?


                       Fragrant water Lily.

           A very beautiful aquatic plant, with  white flowers, which
         exhale a delicious fragrance.  Leaves and flowers floating on
         the surface of the water. In a ditch on the road to Gloucester
         point, and in ditches in Jersey; rare.  Perennial.  July.
         ORDER II. DI-PENTAGYNIA. (2 to 5 styles.)


             247. AQUILEGIA. Gen. pi. 934. (Ranuncidacex.)

         Calix none.  Petals 5.  Lepanthia  5, corni-
           culate, situated between the petals.  Cap-
           sules 5,  distinct.—J\Tutt.


canadensis,  l.  A. horns straight, stamens exserted.—Willd.
           Icon. Bot. Mag. 246.


                       American Columbine.

          This is one of the most elegant plants of America, far ex-
         ceeding in beauty the common foreign columbine, so  gene-
         rally cultivated in gardens. From one to two feet high.  Flow-
         ers scarlet and crimson, mixed with yellow. On the high rocks
         of the Schuylkill and Wissahickon, every where common;
         grows frequently in crevices, where the roots seem to have no
         earth for their nourishment.  Perennial.  April, May.

             248. CIMICIFUGA. Gen. pi. 193. (Ranuncidace*.)

         Calix 4 or 5-leaved.  Petals 4 to 8 deformed,
            thickish, sometimes wanting.   Capsules  1
            to 5, oblong,  many-seeded.   Seeds  squa-
            mose.—Nutt.


racemosa.   1. C. leaves decompound,  folioles ovate-oblong,
           incised, dentate -, teeth  mucronate,  divaricate; 
       POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAGYNIA.              13

   racemes virgately paniculate, elongated ; flow-
   ers sub-monogynous, capsules ovate.—Pursh.
 Cimicifuga serpentaria, Pursh.
 Actsea racemosa, Willd.
 A. monogyna, Walt.
   Icon. Pluk. almath, t. 383. f. 3.

        Black Snake-root.   Rich-weed, $'c.
  A very fine looking plant, from three to five feet high,
 bearing a profusion of white flowers, on numerous long spikes
 or racemes. The root is medicinal. In rich woods, very com-
 mon.  Perennial.  July.

      249. ASCYRUM. Gen. pi. 1225. (Hyperica.)

 Calix  4-leaved;  the 2 interior cordate and
   larger. Petals 4. Filaments disposed in 4
   parcels.  Capsule oblong, 1-celled, &-valv-
   ed, included in the calix.  (Styles 2  or  3.)
   —Nutt.

 1. A. many-stemmed, diffuse; leaves lanceolate-mutlcauIe'
   oblong, obtuse; corymb terminal, flowers sub-
   sessile, digynous; stem subterete.—WiUd.
 A. multicaule, Mich.
 A. Crux Andrea, Pursh.

         Many-stemmed St. Peter9s-wort.
  Under twelve inches high; stems very numerous;  flowers
 pale-yellow, with narrow petals. In the  woods of Jersey, very
 frequent; also on the woody banks of the Wissahickon.   Pe-
 rennial.  July.

 2. A. erect, branched; branches ancipital,  leaves hypencoides.
   oblong, biglandulous at base;  flowers  terminal,
   solitary, shortly pedicellate, trigynous.— WiUd.
   and Pursh.
 A. stans, Mich.
  About twelve or fourteen inches high; flowers large.  The
 whole plant has the  aspect of Hypericum.  In the woods of
Jersey with No. 1, frequent.  12".  July, August. 
14              POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAGYNIA.

              250. HYPERICUM. Gen. pi. 1224. (Hyperica.)

         Calix 5-parted, segments equal.   Petals 5.
            Stamina numerous, scarcely  united at the
            base. Capsule roundish; cells equal with

            the number  of styles; 1, 3,  3,  and 5.—

            J\Tutt.


perforatum,  l. H. erect, branched;  stem ancipital, leaves ob-
           long, obtuse, transparently dotted ; panicle  ter-
           minal, brachiate-leaty; petals longer  than the
           acute-lanceolate calix.—WiUd. and Pursh.
         H. Virginicum, Walt.
           Icon. VI. Dan. 1043.  Eng. Bot. 295.  Curt. Fl.
         Lond.


                     Common St. John's-wort.

           About a foot or eighteen inches high; flowers as in all the
         following species, yellow. This plant lias become a most pes-
         tiferous weed, every where throughout the Union. It is ac-
         cused of injuring horses. Introduced originally from Europe.
         In fields, and by road and fence sides,  every where unfortu-
         nately, abundant. Perennial. From June till August.


sphserocar-  2. H.  erect, very smooth; leaves  oblong; pani-
            cle naked, dichotomous; all the forks one-flow-
            ered ; styles coalescing, capsule globose.—Mich.
         H. sph»rocarpum, Mich. ?

           About ten  or twelve inches  high.  Flowers pale-yellow,
         small. This plant may not be the H. sphxrocarpum of Mich.,
         but it comes very near it; and for the present I have thought
         with Mr. Nuttall, that it had best be referred to that species.
         On the  borders of a ditch, surrounding a meadow on the east
         side of the road to Woodbury, near the " causeway,"  abun-
         dant. 1 have found it no where else. It has also been found in
         Jersey, by Mr. Collins.  Perennial.  June, July.


aneuiosum.  3. H.  erect; stem  four-angled,  leaves  oblong,
            acute, narrowly  sessile;  panicle terminal, di-
            chotomous; branches divaricate,  with the flow-
            ers  arranged  on  them  distantly   alternate; 
       POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAGYNIA.              15

   calices  subcampanulate, segments lanceolate,
   acute,  carinated below almost as long as the
   corolla;  petals with one lateral  tooth.—WiUd.
   and Pursh.
H. dcnticulatum,  Walt.

  Stem erect, simple; from a span to twelve  inches high,
four sided. Leaves from a quarter to a half-inch long, and lit-
tle better than an eighth of an inch broad; oblong-acute and
very closely sessile or semi-amplexicaule.  Flowers the size of
those of No. 1, and of a fine fulvous or copper-colour. Up the
Delaware, eight miles from Philadelphia, rare ;  Mr. Collins.
Perennial.  June, July.


4. H. stem erect, ancipital immediately below each adPre«s.im.
   pair of leaves, roundish towards the root. Leaves
   opposite, closely sessile; lanceolate-obtuse, fine-
   ly  punctated with pellucid dots;  leaves of the
   branches  numerous,  crowded,  sub-linear, ob-
   tuse.  Cymes crowded with small acute leaves;
   flowers terminal and  axillary, monogynous, pe-
   tals obtuse, entire. Capsules sub-conoid. B.
Hypericum, No.  6.  Bart. Prod. Fl. Phil. p. 74.

  A very elegant species, from one foot  to two  and an half
feet high. The branches are divaricating, slender, appresssed
and frequently  inflexed or curved downward,  and crowded
with numerous  leaves much narrower than the  stem leaves,
less obtuse, and  even inclining to acute. From the axills of the _±
stem leaves proceeds a cluster  of five or six sub-linear obtuse
leaves, which appear to arise from abortive branches.  The
flowers are yellow, about the size of those of No. 7. I disco-
vered this new species, about four years since, in a rich, wet,
or swampy meadow on the lower edge of Landsdown grounds,
close to the Schuylkill, and not far above Wreck's island.  It
grows there in  profusion, but  I have not found it elsewhere.
It stands in my Prodromus, (No. 6.) without a name, not being
certain at the time I published that work, that it was  unde-
scribed, although I could not find it to fit any of the  described
species.   Mr. Collins has also found this plant in this neigh-
bourhood. Perennial.  July.


5. H. erect, small, small  flowered;  stein four-an-canadense.
   gled, dichotomous above; leaves sessile, linear,
   attenuated at  the base; the primary branches 
16
POLYANDRIA, DI-PENTAGYNIA.
            of the panicle opposite,  the secondary dichoto-
            mous;  capsules long, conoid, coloured.—Willd.


                      Slender St. John's-wort.

           A  very delicate species, with exceedingly small flowers;
         and bright red capsules.  From a span to twelve inches high.
         In bogs, swamps, and low wet meadows; every were extreme-
         ly common.  Annual. June, July.

parriflorum. 6. H. erect, very much branched, glabrous; stem
            sub-four-angled;  leaves ovate-oblong,  subcor-
            date, obtuse, nerved, sessile; panicles terminal,
            dichotomal-corymbose,  petals shorter than the
            lanceolate calix.— Willd.
         H. quinquenervium, Walt.  Sp. PL 3. p. 1456.
         H. mutilum, Willd.  Sp. PI. 3. p. 1471.

         , This species resembles No. 4, somewhat, particularly in the
         size of the flowers; but  may easily be known by its leaves,
         which are twice or thrice as broad as those of No. 4, and  it
         never has red capsules. In wet grassy places, and in company
         with No.  4; also very common. Perennial. July till August.

*orymbosum, 7. H. erect, glabrous, dotted with black; stem te-
           rete,  branched;  leaves  amplexicaule, oblong-
           oval,   obtuse,   corymbs  terminal,  bracheate
           thickly flowered, calicine segments lanceolate-
           acute.—Willd. and Pursh.
         H. maculatum, Walt.
         H. punctatum, Lamark.


                  Black spotted St. John's-wort.

           About fourteen inches high; resembles No. 1, exceedingly,
         but may be easily known from it by the numerous black punc-
         tated leaves, and the much smaller flowers.  In shady woods
         and on rocks, common. Perennial. June, July.


                  251. ELODEA. Adanson. (Hyperica.)

         Calix 5-parted, equal.   Petals 5,  claws nec-
           tariferous. Filaments 9 to 15, growing to- 
         POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.               17

  gether in  3 parcels.  Glands between the
  parcels. Styles 3, divergent.  Capsule part-
  ly 3-celled, many-seeded.—J\Tutt.

1. E. leaves sessile, amplexicaule, cordate-oblong, vireinica.
  very obtuse; fascicles pedunculated, few-flower-
  ed, axillary and terminal; corollas sub-campa-
  nulate, stamens 9—12, very smooth, enlarged at
  their base.—Pursh.
Elodea campanulata, Pursh.
Hypericum campanulatum, Walt.
Hypericum Virginicum,  L.
  Icon. Bot.  Repos.  552.

 From twelve to fourteen inches high.  Flowers reddish and
yellow, handsome ; leaves and the whole plant sometimes deep
crimson-red.  In bogs and swamps of Jersey, common ; not so
frequent west of the Delaware.  Perennial. July to August.

2.  E. leaves petiolated,   oblong-oval, rotund-ob- petioiata.
  tuse; flowers opposite, axillary, subsessile, sub-
  ternate; stamens  connate as far as the middle,
  capsules oblong.—Pursh.
Hypericum petiolatum, Walt.
H. axillare, Mich.
 Also a handsome species, for which I am indebted to Mr.
Collins, not having met  with  it myself. Found by him two
years ago, on the margin of the Schuylkill, near its mouth.
Perennial.
         ORDER III.  POLYGYNIA.

     252. MAGNOLIA. Gen. pi. 942. (Magnolia.)

Calix 3-leaved.  Petals 6 to  9.   Capsules
  2-valved, 1-seeded, imbricated in a cone.
  Seeds pendulous, arillate.—Nutt.

1.  M. leaves oval, glaucous beneath, petals  obo-giauca.
  vate, attenuated at base.—Willd.
    VOL. II.                 3 
18
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.
           Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest, vol.  3.  p.  77.  Bart.
             Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol.  1. t. 7.

         SmaU Magnolia.  Swamp Sassafras. Sweet Bay.
                Swamp Laurel.   Bearer-wood, $*c.
          An elegant and favourite little tree, bearing  fine  fragrant
         cream-coloured flowers.   In bogs and swamps, woods and
         thickets, Jersev; common. The bark is medicinal. (See Veg.
         Mat. Med. U. S.) b.. May to July.

             253. LIRIODENDRON.  Gen. pi. 941. (Magnolia.)

         Calix 3-leaved.  Petals 6.  Samarce sublan-
           ceolate,  1  or  2-seeded,  imbricated in a
           cone.—J\Tutt.
tuiipifera.   i. L.  leaves cut-truncate, 4-lobed, calix triphyl-
           lous.—Mich.
             Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest, vol. 3. p.  202. Bart.
               Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. t.  8.

         Tulip-tree.  American Poplar.  White, and Fellow
                             Poplar.
          This  magnificent and stately tree is well known to  most
         persons.  Its foliage is curious, its flowers elegant, its wood
         highly useful, and its bark medicinal.  (See Veg. Mat. Med.
         U. S.)  On the borders of rich woods, and in fields; common.
         \. June, July.

                  254. PORCELIA.  Persoon.  (Anonx.)

     '   Calix 3-leaved.  Petals 6.  Stigmas sessile,
           obtuse.   Berries (1 or more) large, cylin-
           dric or  ovate, many seeded.    Seeds aril-
           late,  attached  to  the internal  suture.—
           Nutt.

triloba.     l. P.  leaves smoothish, oblong-cuneate-obovate;
           exterior  petals orbicular, fruit large, fleshy.__
           Pers.
         Porcelia triloba, Pers.
         Anona triloba, Willd.
         Orchidocarpum, Arietinum, Mich.
           Icon.  Mich. Arbr. forest, vol. 3. p. 161. 
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.
19
             Papaw.   Custard-ajyple.

  Papaw-tree is very rare in this vicinity, and here its fruit
seldom comes to maturity.  It is a very small tree, with deep
brown unhandsome flowers, and an oblong fleshy esculent fruit,
about three inches long, and one and a half in diameter.  On
the Wissahickon; and on the road to the falls of Schuylkill,
west side of the river, and about three miles south of the falls;
scarce. b_ . April, May.


    ■ 255.  CLEMATIS. Gen. pi. 960. (Ranunculacea.)

Calix none.   Petals % more rarely  5. Seeds

   compressed,  caudate,  cauda mostly  plu-
   mose.

1.  C. climbing; leaves ternate, folioles ovate sub- virginiana.
  cordate, cut-dentate, and lobed;  corymbs dicho-
  tomous,  few-flowered, petals  longer  than the
  stamens, flowers dioicous.—WiUd. and Pursh.

         Virgin's Bower.  Traveller's Joy.

  A fine climbing plant, supporting itself by winding the pe-
tioles around other plants.  Flowers white, fragrant.   Seed
furnished with a long  silken or feather cauda, which gives a
handsome appearance  to the plant in fruit.  In  thickets,
hedges and shrubberries,  near water; common.  I2 . June,
July.

      256. ANEMONE. Gen. pi. 948. (Ranuncidace*.)

Calix none.   Petals 5 to 9, or more.  Seeds
   many.

1.  A. flowers   umbellate,  involucrate ;  radicalthalictroides-
  leaves biternate, folioles subcordate, 3-toothed;
  involucre 6-leaved, folioles petiolate, umbel few-
  flowered, seeds naked, striate;  root tuberous.—
   Willd. and Pursh.
Thalictrum anemonoides, Mich.
  Icon. Bot. Mag. 866. Annales. du. mus.  3. t.
     21. f. 2. a. & b. Pluk. aim. t. 106. f. 4. Willd.
     hort.  herol. 44. 
 20                 POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.

                            Wild Anemone.

           This delicate plant is universally esteemed for its beauty.
          Flowers white, with a tendency to duplication in the petals,
          under culture.  It is now cultivated in gardens and in flower-
          pots, in this double state. In woods or rich soil, every where
          very common.  Perennial.  April, May.

          2. A. stem dichotomous, leaves thrice ternate, up-
            per ones opposite;  folioles cut-lobate,  serrate \
            and  acute;  pecuncles solitary,  one-flowered,
            elongated; seeds in an oblong capitulum, woolly,
            mucronate.— Willd. and Pursh.
              Icon. Herm.  parad. t. 18.


                         Virginian Anemone.

           From fourteen inches to two feet high.  Flowers green-
         ish-white.  In  open woods, hedges, and on the borders of
        / neglected fields ; frequent.  Perennial.  May, June.

qninquefoiia. 3. A.  stem  one-flowered, stem leaves thrice ter-
           nate, lateral  ones deeply bipartile;  folioles cu-
           neate,  cut-lobate, dentate, acute;  corolla 5—6
           petalled, seeds ovate, pointed. B.
         A. nemorosa, Mich.
         A. nemorosa, /3. quinquefolia, Willd. and Pursh.
         A. quinquefolia, Muhl.
           Icon. Pink. aim. t. 106. f. 3.


                       Five-leaved Anemone.

           A very delicate  and handsome species, about six or seven
         inches high, bearing a single blossom-red flower.  This plant
         has often been confounded with the A. nemorosa of Europe,
         but it is certainly specifically distinct.  It does not agree either
         with the descriptions or figure of that plant. In shady woods
         and copses, forming large patches together; very common.
         Perennial.  Early in May.


            257.  THALICTRUM. Gen.pl. 951. (Ranunculacex.)


         Calix none.   Petals 4 or 5.   Stamina very
            long.    Seeds ecaudate, striate, terete.
Virginiana. 
          POLYANDRIA, POL1GYNIA.                21

1. T. smooth; leaves supra-decompound, foliolesdioicum.
  subrotund, cordate, obtuse-lobate, glaucous be-
  neath, smooth; panicles axillary, filiform, shor-
  ter than the leaf; flowers small, in few-flowered
  umbels.—Willd. and Pursh.
T. lsevigatum, Mich.

              Dioicous Meadow-rue.

  The smallest species of the genus growing about this neigh-
bourhood.  Flowers twelve to fourteen inches high.  On the
rocks on the Wissahickon, and  on those in the woods above
the falls of Schuylkill, west side. Rare. Perennial. April, May.

2. T. stem striate, leaves supra-decompound, fo- rugosum.
  lioles ovate, lanceolate and rugose, veined, ob-
  tuse-lobate, panicles large,  terminal.—Willd.
  and Pursh.

            Rough-leaved  Meadow-rue.

  A very tall species, frequently attaining a height  of five or
even six feet.  Flowers white.  In watery thickets, and the
magins of shrubbery, borders swamps and rivulets, not un-
common.  Perennial. June, August.

3. T. delicately tomentose-pubescent; leaves su- pubescens.
  pra-decompound; folioles ovate, subcordate and
  cuneate,  3-lobed at the apex, subrugose above,
  sub-tomentose beneath, panicles terminal, pedi-
  cels sub-umbellate-divaricate; flowers  polyga-
  mous.—Pursh.
T. pubescens, Pursh.
T. polygamum, Muhl.

            Polygamous Meadow-rue.

  Also a very tall species, very much resembling No. 2, and
found growing in similar places,  as well as in low  wet mea-
dows. More common than No. 2. Flowers also white.

4. T. stem twice as tall as the leaves; leaves com- purpuras.
  pound; folioles subrotund, trifid, incised; pani-cei
                         3# 
22
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.
           cles somewhat naked,  flowers  drooping,  sta-
           mens coloured.—Willd.  and Pursh.


                       Purple Meadow-rue.

           About eighteen inches or two feet high.  Stem and filaments
         deep reddish-purple; rare. In low meadows near Woodbury,
         scarce. On the margins of a fosse, on the lower or east edge of
         Powelton, but rare. Perennial. June.


             258. HYDRASTIS. Gen. pi. 958. (Ranunculacex.)

         Calix none.  Petals 3. Nectary none. Berry

               compound, granulations 1-seeded.


canadensis.  1. H. stem above oppositely two-leaved;  leaves
           petiolate, emarginate at the  base, palmate, ser-
           rate, incised;  peduncle terminal, solitary, one-
           flowered.—Willd.  and Pursh.
         Warnera Canadensis, Miller.
           Icon. Mill. ic. t. 285.


                           Yellow-root.

          About a foot or fourteen inches high.  Flowers small, incon-
         spicuous. Roots  very yellow, and yield  a fine yellow dye.
         Possesses medicinal properties.  A very rare plant in this vi-
         cinity.  I have only found it on the high banks of the Wissa-
         hickon, near Germantown.  Perennial.  April, May.


              259. CALTHA. Gen. pi. 957.  (Ranuncidace*.)

         Calix none.  Petals 5 to 9.   Nectary  none.

                Capsules several, many-seeded.


paiustris.    1. C. stem erect,  corymbose, leaves cordate, reni-
           form: lobes spreading, the circumference acute-
           ly-crenate;  flowers subsessile, petals ovate.—
           Willd. and Pursh.
         Populago paiustris, Scop.
           Icon. Fl. Dan. 668. Engl. Bot. 506. 
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.
23
       Marsh Marigold.  Meadow Cowslip.

  A very fine plant, with deep green leaves and bright deep
yellow shining flowers.  Whole plant has the habit of Ranun-
culus. In a swampy wood, about half a mile or three quarters
due west of the three miles-stone, on the Germantown road.
Very rare. 1 have not found it elsewhere. Perennial. April.


    260. HEPATICA. WiUd. enum. (Rammculacex.)

Calix 3-leaved.  Petals 6 to 9. Seeds  naked.


1. H. leaves three-lobed, very entire, lobes round- triloba.
   obtuse, scape one-flowered.—Willd.            * obtm
Anemone Hepatica,  Willd. Sp. PI. 2. p. 1273.
   Icon. Fl. Dan. 610. Bot. Mag. 10.


             Three-lobed Liver-wort.

  One of the earliest blooming spring plants, often  flowering
before the leaves have come up, and while snow is yet on the
ground.  Flowers purple, rarely white.  In woods, under de-
cayed  and fallen leaves, on rich soil. Common.  Perennial.
March till May.
   261. RANUNCULUS. Gen. pi. 953. (Ranunculacea.)

Calix 5-leaved.  Petals 5 ; having the inner
   side of  each claw furnished  with a melli-
   ferous pore, often  membranaceously  mar-
   gined or covered by a separate scale. Seeds
   naked, numerous.—JSTutt.

1. R. smooth ; stem declinate, leaves narrow-Ian-Fiammuia.
   ceolatc, acute, entire and denticulate;  the lower
   ones  petiolate,  peduncles terminal,  axillary,
   one-flowered;  calices subreflexed.—Willd. and
   Pursh.
     Icon. Fl. Dan. 575. Engl. Bot. 387.

  About a foot or two feet high, leaning obliquely from the
root.  Leaves of a delicate blueish-green. Flowers small, yel- 
24                 POLYANDRIA,  POLYGYNIA.
         low. In ditches in Jersey, along the course of the Delaware,
         and in ditches in the Neck, on this side of the river, not unfre-
         quent.  Perennial.  July, August.


abonivus.   2. R. smooth; stems striate, naked below;  radi-
            cal  leaves  cordate,  reniform,  obtuse-crenate;
            those of the stem petiolate, ternate, angular, the
            upper ones sessile; the branchlets sub-3-flower-
            ed.—Willd. and Pursh.


                    Abortive-Jlowered Crow-foot.

           About twelve or fourteen inches high, with very small incon-
         spicuous yellow  flowers.  In woods, and shady wet places,
         common.  Perennial.  May, July.


sceieratus.   3. R. smooth ; lower leaves palmate, upper ones
            sessile,   digitate;  fruit  oblong.—WiUd.  and
            Pursh.
              Icon. Fl.  Dan.  571. Engl. Bot. 681.


                     Scelery-leaved  Crow-foot.

           A very branching or bushy species, about twelve or fifteen
         inches high, with small yellow flowers. Stem hollow. Whole
         plant very acrid,  so much so as to blister when applied bruised
         for any length of time to the cuticle.  It is used medicinally. In
         wet meadows, and all dirty ditches and plashes, on commons
         and road-sides, and in wastes; common.  Perennial.  May,
         June.


wspidus.    4. R. very hirsute, erect;  leaves  ternate, folioles
            acutely lobate; stems below the  first peduncle
            naked, few-flowered;  calix appressed.—Mich.
         R. hispidus, Mich.
         R. hirtus.


                         Hispid Crow-foot.

           About twelve inches high; flowers small, yellow.  In the
         hilly woods above the falls of Schuylkill, west side, frequent.
         Perennial.  June.


repens.    5. R. hirsute; leaves  compound, ternate,  trifid, 
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.
25
   incised, sarments creeping;  peduncles  furrow-
   ed, calices spreading.—Willd.
     Icon. Fl. Dan. 795.  Engl. Bot. 516.


                Creeping Crow-foot.

  A fine species, which spreads rapidly and  extensively by its
creeping roots. Flowers large, deep-yellow. In damp, shady
woods, and unmolested moist places near shrubbery; frequent.
Perennial.  July.

6.  R. very hirsute; leaves compound, ternate, tri- buibosus.
   fid, incised and toothed;  stem erect, many-flow-
   ered ;  peduncles furrowed, calices reflexed, root
   bulbous.—Willd.
     Icon. Fl. Dan. 551.  Engl. Bot. 515.


    Common Bulbous Crow-foot, or Butter-cup.

  An introduced, but naturalized species, found every where
in pastures, grass-plots, and in grassy fields and lanes. Leaves
a very deep-green; flowers fine deep-shining-yellow.  Posses-
ses  medicinal  virtues. Whole fields are  often rendered yel-
low by the profusion of this plant.  Perennial.  From May
till  August.


7.  R. hairy, erect,  branched ;  leaves ternate, tri- Pennsyivani-
   fid, incised,  hairy  underneath;  peduncles te-
  rete, calices reflexed, petals the  length of the
  calix.—Willd.
R.  trifolius, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph.  60.

  An excessively hairy  species, which comes near to  Penn-
sylvanicus, but may not be it on further examination. In grassy
retired places; not common.  Or. the grounds of Lemon-hill.
Perennial.   July.


8. R.  root very much fascicled; leaves ternate,sub- fascicuiaris.
  pinnate, glabrous. B.
R.  fascicuiaris, Muhl.

  A fine species, eighteen inches or two feet high, growing on
the  margins of our rivers and creeks, and frequently mistaken
forR. acris, from which it materially differs.  Perennial. May,
June. 
26
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.
fluviatiiis.   9, R, leaves all dichotomously capillaceous, stem
           swimming.— Willd.
              Icon. Fl. Dan.  376.

                         River Crow-foot.
           A deep-green aquatic plant, covering ditches for a great ex-
         tent,  with its  stems and leaves.  Flowers white, small, and
         raised about an inch above the surface of the water. In all the
         ditches of the Neck, and in those of Jersey; very common.
         Perennial.  June, July.

              262. BRASENIA. Gen. pi. 938. (ffydrocharides.)

         Calix 6-leaved, petaloid, persistent, the 3 in-
           terior longer.  Corolla none.  Stamina 18
           to 36, about the length of the calix.   Utri-
           culi  oblong, 6 to 9;  2-seeded.—JVutt.

peitata.    1. B. leaves centrally peltate, oval,  very entire,
           peduncles solitary, one-flowered.—Pursh.
         Hydropeltis purpurea, Mich.
           Icon. Bot. Mag.  1147.  Pluk. aim. t. 349. f. 3.

                           Water-shield.
           An aquatic plant, which I have never seen.  Above the falls
         of Schuylkill, two or three miles, east side; Mr. Collins. Pe-
         rennial. June.

                263. CYAMUS. Salisbury. (Hydrocharides.)

         Calix petaloid, 4 or 9-leaved.  Petals many.
           Fruit turbinate, with a truncated disk  ex-
           cavated with numerous cells, each contain-
           ing  a  single  seed.   Seed  an  ovate  nut
           crowned with the persistent style.—Nutt.

lu*«-     1. C. leaves  peltate, orbiculate,  very entire; co-
           rolla polypetalous, anthers linear above.—Salis-
           bury.  Peduncles and petioles muricate___Bart
           Prod. Fl. Ph. p. 59. 
POLYANDRIA, POLYGYNIA.
Cyamus flavicomus, Salisb.
C. nelumbo, Smith, Exot. Bot.
Nelumbium speciosum, Willd. and Ait.
N. luteum, Willd. Sp. PI.  2. p. 1259.
N. luteum, Mich.
Nymphsea Nelumbo, /3 L. Sp. PI.
Nelumbo Indica, Pers.


       Sacred-bean of India. Egyptian-bean.

  There is not surely in North America any plant comparable
to this for grandeur, simpUcity and beauty.  Truly may it be
styled as I have elsewhere called it, the Queen of American
Flowers. I regret to say that it is not as abundant in our vici-
nity as it was five years  ago. This may be an accidental or
temporary decrease, owing to a disturbance of the site where
it grows. The leaves are perfectly round and centrally peltate.
They are  from a foot to eighteen inches in diameter, of a rich
velvety-green above, and very pale underneath, They are sup-
ported by petiolesfrom two, to three  and a half feet in length.
The flowers are pale-yellow, globose, and about three or four
inches in diameter, supported by petioles or a scape, a yard in
length, frequently muricate towards the  upper part.  From
this circumstance, together with  an  accurate  examination of
a fine Chinese painting of the India species, which differed in
nothing from our plant, except in the rose-coloured flower,
Iconsideredthe two species as identical, and accordingly added
the synonyms which stand in my Prodromus.  Another years'
examination of our plant has not given me reason to alter my
opinion on this subject, nor can I conceive that a mere  differ-
ence in colour of the flowers should be considered sufficient
to establish  the difference. Walter says his Nelumbo  had
white flowers: so that even in  our own country, a discrepancy
occurs here. I am glad to find that Mr. Nuttall has also noticed
in his work, that the " peduncles are partly muricate." 
 
DIDYNAMIA.
TEUCRIUM.
MENTHA.
HYSSOPUS.
NEPETA.
LAMIUM.
STACHYS.
LEONURUS.
GLECHOMA.
MARRUBIUM.
PYCNANTHEMUM.
CLINOPODIUM.
ORIGANUM.
MELISSA.
PRUNELLA.
SCUTELLARIA.
TRICHOSTEMA.
PHRYMA.
VERBENA.
LIMOSELLA.
SCROPHULARIA.
BIGNONIA.
ANTIRRHINUM.
GERARDIA.
PEDICULARIS.
MIMULUS.
CHELONE.
PENSTEMON.
EUCHROMA.
MELAMPYRUM.
OROBANCHE.
EPIFAGUS.
VOL. II.
4 
[30 J
               CLASS XIII—DIDYNAMIA.

         ORDER I. GYMNOSPERMIA. (4 naked seeds.)

               264. TEUCRIUM. Gen. pi. 960. (Labiatx.)

         Upper lip of the corolla none, but a fissure in
           its place through which the Stamina are
           exserted.—JSTutt.

canadcnie.  j. T;.  cano-hirsute; leaves ovate-lanceolate, ser-
           rate, all petiolate; stem erect, spikes verticil-
           late, crowded, bracteas twice as long as the ca-
           lix.—Willd. and Pursh.

                    kettle-leaved Germander.
          About eighteen inches or two feet high. Flowers purple.
         Along the grassy banks of our rivers and creeks; and in low
         meadows, common.  Perennial. July.

virginicum.  2* T.  pubescent;  leaves ovate, oblong, serrate,
           the upper ones  subsessile; stem  erect, spikes
           verticillate, crowded,  bractes the length of the
           calix.—Willd.
             Icon. Schkuhr. handb. 160. (Pursh.)
          Resembles the preceding exceedingly. Flowers also pur-
         ple. Grows with  No. 1, but is  very rare.

                265. MENTHA. Gen. pi. 967. (Labiatx.)

         Corolla subequal, 4-cleft; having the broader
           segment emarginate.  Stamina erect and
           distant.—JVutt.

Boreaiis.    1. M.  upright, pubescent; leaves petiolate,  oval-
           lanceolate, very acute at each end; flowers ver-
           ticillate;  stamens exserted.—Mich.
         Mentha Canadensis, Kalm. 
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
  In similar places with the two preceding plants; very com-
mon. Flowers white, or very pale-purple.  Perennial.  July.
  Mentha viridis, or common spear-mint, and Mentha piperita,
or common pepper-mint, are frequently found in wet mea-
dows near springs and rivulets, where they have been plant-
ed, or found their way from gardens; but they  are not pro-
perly naturalized.


        266. HYSSOPUS. Gen. pi. 963.  (Labiatx.)

Lower lip  of  the  Corolla  3-p.arted,  inter-
   mediate   segment  subcrenate.    Stamina
   straight, and distant.—Nutt.


1. H. spikes verticillate, cylindrical; styles short-nePetoideu
  er than the corolla; leaves  subcordate,  ovate-
  acuminate, acutely dentate.—Willd.  and Pursh.
     Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 150. f. 3.  J acq. hort. 1.1.
        69.  (Pursh.)

          Catmint Hyssop.   Tall Hyssop.

  A very tall plant, often flowering at a height of two feet,
but frequently attaining a stature of six.  Flowers  in long
dense spikes, ochroleucous. I have seen them purple, though
rarely.   In thickets, shady woods, hedges, and on the borders
of fields, common, particularly six or ten miles from the city.
Perennial.  July.

2. H. spikes verticillate, cylindric ; styles longer'cr?Phulmi-
  than the corolla;  leaves cordate-ovate, acumi-
  nate, obtusely dentate.— Willd. and Pursh.
Agastache, Gronovius, Fl. Virg.  88.
  Icon. Herm. parad. t.  106.

  A very rare plant,  easily known from the preceding.  From
fourteen inches to two feet high.  Flowers purple.  On the
banks of the Delaware, Jersey side, on the walk from Kaighn's^
point to the next ferry below, close to a shady thicket.  Pe-
rennial.  July.

         267. NEPETA. Gen. pi. 964. (Labiatx.)

Calix arid, striated.   Tube  of the  Corolla
   longish;  intermediate segment of the lower 
 32             DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.

            lip crenate;  margin of the orifice reflected.
            Stamina approximate.—Nutt.

 catarit.    1.  N. flowers spiked, whorls subpedicellate; leaves
           petiolate, cordate, dentate-serrate.—Willd.
             Icon. Fl.  Dan. 580.

                    Catmint.  Nep.  Catnep.
          A well-known  herb, in common use in domestic medical
         practice. Flowers  white. Naturalized in cultivated grounds, in
         wastes and on road sides, every where. Perennial.  July,
         August.                                t

                 268. LAM1UM. Gen. pi. 971. (Labiatx.)
         Calix  5-cleft, segments  subulate,  spreading.
           Upper lip  of the corolla entire  and vault-
           ed :  lower  lip 2-lobed;  the margin of the
           orifice toothed on either side.—JVutt.

amuiexi-    i. L. floral leaves sessile,  amplexicaule, obtuse.
uuue.       —wm.
         Polichia amplexicaulis, Roth.
          Icon. Fl. Dan. 752.

         Stem-clasping  Archangel.   Great Henbit.   Dead-
                    nettle.  Henbit Archangel.
          From six inches to a foot high.  Flowers reddish-purple.
         In all cultivated grounds, and particularly on the margins of
         fields, very common.  Annual. All summer.

                269. STACHYS. Gen. pi. 979. (Labiatx.)
         Calix 5-cleft, awned.   Upper lip of  the co-
          rolla vaulted ;  the  lower reflected at the
         * sides, with  the intermediate segment larger
     ,    and emarginated.   Stamina at length re-
          flected to the sides.—JVutt.

a»pe«.     l. S. stems erect, very hispid  backward; leavea
          subpetiolate,  lanceolate,  acute,  serrate,  very 
       DID YN AMI A, GYMNOSPERMIA.              38

  grabrous;  whorls  sub-C-flowered;  calices di-
  varicate, spinous.—Mich, and Pursh.
S. tenuifolia, Willd.?
S. arvensis, Walt.

       Rough Wound-wort.  Hedge-nettle.
  From one to two feet high.  In full flower very handsome.
Flowers purple. Along the banks of rivers and creeks, and in
low meadows, common; particularly along the bank-walks of
the Delaware and Schuylkill.  Perennial.  July.

       270. LEONURUS. Gen. pi. 977. (Labiatx.)

Calix pentangular, 5-toothed.  Upper lip of
   the corolla villous, flat, entire;  lower  lip
   3-parted, with the middle segment undi-
   vided.   "Lobes of the anthers parallel."
   It. Brown.—JVutt.

1. L.  leaves  cuneiform-ovate, three  lobed,  den- cardiaca.
   tate; corollas  larger than the  prickly calix;
   middle segments of the lower lip acute.—Willd.
     Icon. Fl. Dan. 727. Engl. Bot. 286.

            Mother-wort.  Mug-wort.
   About two feet high. Flowers white and red, or purple. In-
troduced, and naturalized abundantly in all wastes near habi-
tations. Perennial.  July.

       271. GLECHOMA. Gen. pi. 970. (Labiatx.)
Calix 5-cleft, subequal.  Anthers approach-
   ing each other in pairs, each pair produc-
   ing the form of a cross.—JVutt.

1. G. leaves reniform-crenate.—WiUd.           hederacea.
   Icon. Fl. Dan. 789. Curt. Lond. 2. t. 44.

           Ground Ivy.   Gill.   Alehoof.
   A creeping plant, with blue flowers. Mr. Nuttall is inclined
                       4# 
S4             DIDYNAMIA, GYMN0SPERM1A.

         to think it  indigenous, having found it abundant »1™K the,
         banks of the Ohio and Potomac, remote from settlements. In
         wastes and hedges, common.  Perennial.  May to August.

              272.  MARRUBIUM. Gen. pi. 976. (Labiatx.)

         Calix salverform, rigid, 10-striate.   Upper
           lip of the corolla bifid, linear,  straight.—
           Nutt.

vuigaie.    1.  M. leaves subrotund, ovate, dentate, rugose-
           veined; calix teeth setaceous, hooked.— Willd.
              Icon. Fl. Dan. 1036. Engl. Bot. 410.

                           Horehound.
          Also plentifully naturalized in wastes.  Whole plant of a
         grey aspect.  Flowers white. Much used as a domestic medi-
         cine.  Perennial.  July.

          273. PYCNANTHEMUM. Mich. fl. am. 2. p. 7. (Labiatx.)

         Capitulum surrounded by an involucrum of
            many bractes.—Calix tubular, striate, 5-
            toothed.  Upper lip of the corolla  nearly
            entire;  lower  trifid.   "Middle  segment
            longer.   Stamina distant; cells of the an-
            thers parallel."  R. Brown.—JSTutt.

 intanum.   1.  P. leaves oblong-ovate, acute, subserrate, cano-
            tomentose; capituli compound, the lateral ones
            pedunculated ; bractes  setaceous.—Mich,  and
            Pursh.
         Clinopodium incanum, L.
         Origanum incanum, Walt.
            Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 344. f. 7. (Pursh.)

                           Hoary Basil.
           About three feet high. Whole plant grey  or hoary. Flow-
         ers white and pale-red. It possesses the fine odour of Origanum 
DIDVNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
35
vulgare.  On a bluff bordering the Schuylkill, Woodlands;
abundant.  Perennial.  July, August.

2. P. stem  upright, very much branched, rough- BnUbUum.
   isli;  leaves linear, 3-nerved, very entire; capi-
   tuli terminal, fasciculate-corymbose.—Pursh.
Rrachystemum linifolius, Willd.
15. Virginicum, Mich.
Thymus  Virginicus, L.
Pycnanthemum Virginicum, Ait.
Satureja  Virginiana, Sp. PI.  2. p. 793.
Origanum  flexuosum, Walt.
   Icon. Herm. parad. t. 218. (Pursh.) Pluk. aim.
t. 54. f. 2.

      Flax-leaved Basil.  Virginian Thyme.

   About eighteen inches high. Flowers small, white. Whole
plant smells  like Thyme.  On the borders  of open damp
woods, and along water-courses in thickets, frequent.  In the
 woods bordering the .Mantua-road, and on the bank walks of
 the  Delaware and  Schuylkill,  common.  Perennial. July,
 August.

 3. P. stem  upright, very much branched, rough- lanceoiatu.
   ish; leaves linear-lanceolate, \cined, very en-
   tire;  capituli  terminal,  fasciculate-corymbose.
   —Pursh.
 Bachystemum lanceolatuin, Willd. enum.


                Lance-leaved Basil.

   Resembles No. 2, very  much  in general habit, but easily
 known  from  it by the broader leaves. Flowers also white.  In
 similar places with No. 2, but less common. Perennial. July
 August.

 4. P. leaves ovate-lanceolate, subdentate, smooth- mutkum.
    ish  ; capituli terminal, bractes lanceolate,  some-
    what  acute.—Pers.
 Bachystemum muticum, Mich.
    Icon.  Mich. fl. am. 2. t. 32.

   About eighteen inches or two feet high. Flowers pale blos-
 som-red.  On the margin of a small open wood in the Neck, > 
36              DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.

         about half a mile south-east of the corner of Federal and Fifth
         streets, Southwark.  Very rare. Perennial. July.

verticiiiatura. 5. p. leaves ovate-lanceolate, very entire; whorls
           sessile, compact, bractes acuminate.—Pers. and
           Pursh.
         Brachystemum verticillatum, Mich.
         Origanum clinopodoides, Walt.
           Icon. Mich. Fl. am. 2. t. 31.

          This species resembles No. 4, exceedingly. It is also very
         rare; I have only found it on the bank walk from Gray's ferry
         to Kingsess gardens, in the low ground.  Perennial.  July,
         August.

              274. CLINOPODIUM. Gen. pi. 980. (Labiatx.)

         Verticill surrounded  by a  setaceous involu-
           crum.—Upper lip of the corolla flat,  ob-
           cordate and strait.—JSfutt.

vui^are.    j. C. capituli  verticillate,  bractes setaceous,  his-
           pid ; leaves hairy above, remotely dentate, stem
           nearly simple.—WUld.
             Icon. Fl. Dan. 930. Engl. Bot. 1401.

                       Common Wild Basil.
           About a foot high; flowers purple, and sometimes, though
         rarely, white.  In dry fields, and in dry thickets. Perennial.
         August.

                275. ORIGANUM. Gen. pi. 981. (Labiatx.)

         Flowers collected into a 4-sided strobilus or
            dense spike.—Upper  lip   of the  corolla
            erect, flat; lower 3-parted; segments equal.
            —Nutt.

 Tuigare.    1. O. spikes subrotund, paniculate, conglomerate,
            bractes ovate, longer than the calix.—Willd.
              Icon. Fl. Dan. 638. 
        DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.               37

               Common Marjoram.
  A fine plant, exhaling a very grateful odour.  From one to
two feet high.  Flowers red.  Indigenous; on stony hills and
the borders of dry stony  fields; frequent.  Perennial.  July,
August.

        276.  MELISSA. Gen. pi. 983. (Labiatx.)

Calix arid, above  nearly flat; upper lip sub-
   fastigiate.   Upper lip  of the corolla partly
   vaulted, bifid; middle lobe of the lower lip
   cordate.—J\*utt.

1. M.  whorls dimidiate, bractes oblong, pedicel- officinaii..
   late; leaves ovate-acute, serrate.—Willd.

                      Balm.
   Common balm is well-known.  It is not unfrequently found
along the edges of fields and by road sides, appearing  naturaliz-
ed. Its domestic use a» a tisan, is extensive, and merited. Pe-
rennial. July.

        277. PRUNELLA. Gen. pi. 990. (Labiatx.)

Upper lip of the calix dilated. Filaments o
   the stamina forked, only one of the points
   antheriferous. Stigma bifid.—JVutt.

 1. P. leaves petiolate, ovate and lanceolate, den-J^misyha
   tate at the base; calix lips equal, the upper trun-
   cate, three awned,  stem  adscendent—WiUd.
   hort. berol.
leaves ovate.                                     «<""""•
leaves lanceolate.                                /S lameoiata.

                     Self-heal.
   From eight inches to a foot  high. Flowers deep purple, rare-
ly white. Var. «. flowers in June; 0. flowers in August, and is
a large plant. In fields and by road and fence sides,  very com-
mon. Perennial. 
38              DIDYNAMIA,  GYMNOSPERMIA.

               278. SCUTELLARIA. Gen. pi. 989. (Labiatx.)


         Margin of  the Calix  entire, after flowering

            closed with a galeate lid.  Tube of the co-

            rolla elongated.—Nutt.


caierieuiata. 1. S. branching; leaves cordate-lanceolate, cre-
            nate, under side pulverulently pubescent, paler;
            flowers axillary.—Nutt.
         Not S. galericulata, of Pursh.
            Icon. Fl. Dan. 637.  Engl. Bot.  523.


                        Common Skull-cap.

           A  very elegant species, with fine blue flowers.  From
         eighteen inches to two feet high, weak, branching.  On the
         margins of meadow-drains and ditches, and sometimes among
         sedge in wet meadows of Jersey, not unfrequent.  Perennial.
         July.


sraciiu.    2. S. stem mostly simple; leaves  remote, broad- '
            ovate, dentate, smooth and sessile, scabrous on
            the margin, upper ones  smaller, entire; flow-
            ers axillary.—Nutt.
         S. gracilis, Nutt.
         S. galericulata, Pursh ?


                         Slender Skull-cap.

           A small species, with simple erect stems, %nd every where
         very glabrous. On the edges of woods and thickets bordering
         the Schuylkill, particularly between  Kingsess  gardens and
         Gray's ferry; very common.  July.

lateriflora.  3. S. very  much branched, somewhat smooth;
            leaves with very long petioles, ovate,  dentate,
            nerved; raceme termtnal, loose, leafy.—Willd.


                      Side-flowering Skull-cap.

           From a foot to two feet high, with a profusion of blue flow-
         ers.  A very handsome species.  On the borders of all our
         waters, and on  the edges of pools and ditches, very common.
         Perennial.  July to  September. 
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.              39
4. S. somewhat simple, densely pubescent; leaves intepifoiia.
  subsessile, oblong or linear, obtuse, very entire,
  attenuated  at  base;  racemes  loose,  leafy.—
  Willd.
     Icon. Pluk.  aim. 441. f. 6.

             Entire-leaved Skull-cap.
Leaves all linear.—Willd.                        2/«*«*•>«&».

             Hyssop-leaved Skull-cap.
  A  very elegant and striking species,  with a profusion of
large blue  flowers.  In meadows and fields of Jersey, very
abundant. Also in fields west of the Delaware. /8. is more rare
—generally in woods and thickets.  Perennial. July, August.

5. S. somewhat simple, pubescent;  leaves remote, ovaWbHa.
  rhomboid-ovate,  obtuse, round-crenate, attenu-
  ated at base, with short petioles; racemes ter-
   minal,  loose,  for  the most part  branched;-'
  branches lanceolate, entire.—Mich, and Pursh. » . ,«.
S. ovalifolia,Muhl.                                  .(^
S. ovalifolia, Pers.?                                  '  '
S. Caroliniana,  Walt.
S. pilosa, Mich, and Pursh.
   Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 313. f. 4.
  A very common and ordinary looking  species.  In woods,
every where abundant.   Perennial.  July, August.

      279. TRICHOSTEMA. Gen. pi. 988. (Labiatx.)

 Calix resupinate.    Upper lip of the corolla
   falcate.   Stamina very long and incurved.
   —Nutt.

 1. T. leaves rhomboid-lanceolate, the flower-bear-dichotoma.
   ing  branchlets bifurcate, stamens very long.—
   Willd. and Pursh.

                Bastard Pennyroyal.
  From six to ten inches high. Flowers Prussian-blue, hand- 
      40               DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.

               some.  Whole plant possessing in a small degree, the scent
               of Pennyroyal.  In sandy fields and on exposed road sides;
               every where very common, especially in Jersey. Annual. July.

      linearii.    g.  T.  leaves linear, smooth, sessile,  attenuated
                  somewhat  at either  end; dentures of the ca-
                  lix conspicuously awned, stamina very long.—
                  Nutt.
               Trichostema linearis, Nutt.
               T. dichotoma, /3. linearis, Walt, and Pursh.


                       Linear-leaved Bastard Pennyroyal.

                 Resembles the preceding exceedingly, but is very distinct. I
               have heretofore considered it only as a variety, but my atten-
               tion  being' particularly directed to the plant by the observa-
               tions of Mr. Nuttall, I have no hesitation in adopting it as a
               genuine species. I have found it all through Maryland, pre-
               serving its character.  In the sandy fields of Jersey, near
               Woodbury.  Annual.  July, August.

 (7 T€\ (L    I        280  pHRYMA. Gen. pi. 994.  (Labiatx.)

-^*' Jv     Calix cylindric,  upper  lip  longer,  trifid;
p £T?Y* * A      lower bidentate.  Upper lip of the corolla

                  emarginate,  lower much larger. Seed one.
                  —Nutt.


      beptostaehia. l. P. leaves ovate, deeply serrate, petiolate; spikes
                  terminal, slender; flowers opposite.—WiUd.
                    Icon. Pluk. amalth. t. 380. f. 5. Lam. lllust.
                      t.  516.


                 From one to two feet high.  Flowers on very long, slender
               weak spikes ; small, white and purple.  In shady rich woods,
               particularly along the western banks of the Schuylkill towards
               and above the falls;  common.  Perennial.  June.

                       281.  VERBENA. Gen. pi. 43. (Vitices.)

               Calix  5-cleft.   Corolla funnelform,  tube in-
                  curved, limb unequal, 5-lobed.   Stamina
                  % fertile.  Seeds 4. 
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
41
 1.  V.  stem  decumbent,  very  much  divaricate-spuria.
    branched; leaves multifid, laciniate, spikes fili-
    form, bractes longer than the calix.—WiUd. and
    Pursh.


                  Bastard Vervain.

   About twelve or fifteen inches high.  Leaves greyish-green.
 Flowers blue, very small.  The whole plant strongly resembles
 Verbena officinalis. In the suburbs of Southwark and Northern
 Liberties ;  among rubbish in the streets of Camden, and  by
 Kaighn's point, forming large patches.  Biennial. July, August.


 2. V. erect, tall;  leaves lanceolate, acuminate, hastata.
    cut-serrate,  sometimes cut-hastate;  spikes li-
    near, paniculated,  subimbricate.—Willd.
      Icon. Herm. parad.  242.


                   Tall  Vervain.

   A very fine species, from two to four feet high, with deep-
 blue flowers, larger and handsomer than those of No. 1. On
 the banks of all our waters, on the margins of ditches, and in
 wet meadows,  very abundant; more  particularly in Jersey.
 Perennial.  July.


 Leaves oblong-lanceolate, deeply-serrated, acute; $ oWwi^yww.
   spikes filiform, paniculate; flowers smaller, pale
   blue___Nutt.
 V. hastata, £. oblongifolia, Nutt.

  Resembles No. 2, very closely, and grows with it.  July.

 3. V. erect, subpubescent; leaves ovate-acute, ser- urtkifoiia.
   rate, petiolate; spikes filiform, distinct, axillary
   and terminal.—Willd. and Pursh.
 Icon. Riv. monop. 57. Rob. ic. 26. (Pursh.)


               Nettle-leaved Vervain.

  About fifteen inches or two feet high, being a common weed
in wastes, road-sides and on the borders of cultivated grounds.
Flowers minute, white.  Perennial. All summer.
   VOL. II.                  5 
42                DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.

                282. L1MOSELLA. Gen.pl. 1039. (Idsimachix.)

          Calix 5-cleft.  Corolla 4 and 5 lobed, equal.
             Stamina approximating by  pairs.   Cap-
             sule 2-valved, subbilocular, many-seeded.

             —Nutt.


tenuifoiia.   1. L. leaves linear and very narrow; scarcely di-
            lated  at  the points;  scape  1-flowered, about
            equal in length with the leaves.—Nutt.
               Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. Ph. vol. 1. p.  115.

            Root surculose.  Leaves radical, succulent and somewhat
          fragile, erect, subcylindric-filiform, a little compressed and ob-
          tuse towards the point, membranaceously sheathing  and radi-
          cant at the base, radical fibres white, compressed, and flaccid.
          Scapes or peduncles shorter than the  leaves, one-flowered,
          radical, axillary, terete, at first erect, in fruit deflected. Calix
          cylindric-campanulate, border four and five-toothed,  dentures
          acute.  Corolla monopetalous, tubular, white,  shaded with
          greyish blue  outside, tube  yellowish and glandular within,
          border spreading four and five-lobed, lobes oblong-oval, or
          oval, obtuse.  Stamina four, approximating by pairs,  included
          in the tube of the corolla; filaments short; anthers pale blue,
          two-celled.  Style included, stigma capitate.  Capsule nearly
          spherical, smooth, bursting  the calix, bivalve, subbilocular,
          many-seeded.  Seeds numerous, angular, somewhat  gibbous,
          attached to a large and rounded receptacle, compressed at its
          base,  and dilated on two sides, producing imperfect dissepi-
          ments, which are  continued to the margin of the valves, hence
          the capsule is bilocular  near  its  base, and only one-celled
          above.—Nutt.
            Icon. Transactions of the Physico-Medical Society of New
          York, vol. 1. p. 439.


                              Mudwort.

            First discovered on the low gravelly banks of the Dela-
          ware, above Kensington, by Mr.  Nuttall.  It has also been
          found in Connecticut by Dr. Ives. It is abundant on the shores
          of the Delaware at low tide, but must be  vigilantly searched
          for, or from its minuteness it will be overlooked.  I have also
          found it at low tide on the shores of the Schuylkill, a little be-
          low Breck's island. July. 
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
43
  283. SCROPHULARIA. Gen. pi. 1014. (Scrophularix.)

Calix 5-cleft.   Corolla  subglobose,  resupi-
          nate.   Capsule S-celled.

1.  S. leaves cordate, serrate, acute, roundish at Maniandica.
  base; petioles  ciliated below, the fascicles of
  the panicle loosely few-flowered.— Willd.
S. nodosa, & Americana, Mich.

                    Figwort.
  From three to four feet high.  Flowers brownish.  On the
borders of fields, and along fences bordering road-sides; not
frequent.  Perennial.  August.

      284. BIGNONIA. Gen, pi. 1018. (Bignonix.)

Calix  5-toothed,  cyathiform,  partly coria-
   ceous.  Corolla 5-lobed, campanulate, ven-
   tricose on the under side.  Silique 2-celled.
   Seeds  membranaceously alated.—Nutt.

1. B. leaves pinnate, folioles ovate, dentate, acu-radicans.
   minate, with a  terminal corymb; tube  of the
   corolla three times as long as the calix, stem ra-
   dicant.—Willd. and Pursh.

                Trumpet Creeper.
  This well-known creeper grows wild, on the rocks bor-
dering the Schuylkill near the falls, and in a watery thicket
three miles below Kaighn's point, Jersey; near the spot where
Salsola Caroliniana grows. Flowers red and orange. b_ . July,
August.

   285. ANTIRRHINUM. Gen. pi. 1035. (Scrophularix.)

Calix 5-parted; the lower  segments remote.
   Corolla calcarate, ringent, orifice closed by
   the prominent palate.  Capsule ovate, 2-
   celled, 2-valved,  bursting at the  summit 
 44             DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.

            with 3 to 5 reflected dentures, a stapediform
            styliferous arch remaining  betwixt either
            aperture.—Gmrtner.

 unar?a.    i. A.  erect,  glabrous;  leaves scattered,  lanceo-
           late-linear, crowded ; spikes  terminal, thickly
           flowered;  calices  glabrous, shorter  than the
           spine.—Willd. and Pursh.
              Icon. Fl. Dan. 982. Engl. Bot. 658.

         Toad Flax.   Ransted-weed.   Wild Snap-dragon.
           A very elegant plant, but disgusting from its offensive phos-
         phoretic smell.  Leaves greyish-green. Flowers bright yellow;
         said to contain phosphorus. Introduced, but every where ex-
         tensively naturalized, in the United States.  On road-sides,
         commons, wastes, and the borders of fields, very common and
         abundant.  Perennial, from July till October.

 canadense.  2. A.  assurgent,  glabrous, very  simple; leaves
           scattered, erect, narrow-linear, obtuse, remote;
           flowers racemous, shoots creeping.—Willd. and
           Pursh.
              Icon. Vent. hort. eels.  49.

                        Purple Toad Flax.
           A very delicate plant, with  small oval radical leaves, acute
         at each end; narrow linear stem leaves, and purple flowers.
         In sandy fields, roads, and woods of Jersey; common.  An-
         nual. June, July.

              286. GERARDIA. Gen. pi. 1004. (Scrophularix.)

         Calix half 5-cleft, or 5-toothed.  Corolla sub-
           campanulate, unequally  5-lobed, segments
           mostly rounded.   Capsule 2-celled, open-
           ing at the summit.—Nutt.

purpurea,   1. G. stem opposite, very much branched; leaves
           linear; flowers  axillary, opposite,  sessile.—
           WiUd. and Pursh.
             Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 388.  f. 1.  (Pursh.) 
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
45
   From fifteen to eighteen inches, or two feet high. Flowers
 large, purple, handsome.  Along all our  waters, in marshes,
 and in damp low grounds and rich moist woods,  very com-
 mon.  Biennial.  July,  August.


 2. G. paniculate-branched, leaves linear;  pedun-tenuifoiia.
   cles axillary, opposite, longer than  the flower.
   Willd.
 G. erecta, Walt,  and Mich.
   Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 12. f. 4.

   A small, slender and delicate species, resembling small spe-
 cimens of the preceding. From a span to a foot high. Flowers
 like those of No. 1. In woods and fields, very common.  Pre-
 fers a dryer soil than No. 1. Biennial. July, August.


 3. G.  pubescent;  stems  sub-simple; leaves Ian-flava,
   ceolate, very entire or dentated, the lower ones
   sub-pinnatifid-incised; flowers  axillary,  oppo-
   site, subsessile.—Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Pluk. mant.  389. f. 3.

   A fine showey species, with large yellow flowers. From two
 to three feet high. In dry shady places, and on rocks in'woods,
 common. Perennial. July.


 4. G. glabrous; stem paniculate, leaves petiolate, quercifoiia.
   pinnatifid:  segments lanceolate-acute, entire or
   cut-dentate behind, the upper ones lanceolate-
   entire ; flowers axillary, opposite, pedicellate.—
   Pursh.
 G. quercifoiia, Pursh.
 G. flava, sive glauca,  Muhl. ?
 Rhinanthus Virginicus, Willd.

  Also a very elegant and showey plant, with yellow flowers.
As I have found this species near Lancaster, I conclude Dp.
Muhlenberg must have intended it by his G. flava, sive glauca.
In Jersey, near swampy thickets, three miles below Kaighn's
point, and in the woods near Woodbury. Rare. Perennial.


5. G. pubescent, brachiate-paniculate; leaves ob-Pedkuiaria.
   long, doubly cut-serrate and pinnatifid; flowers
                           5# 
        DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.

  axillary, opposite-pedicellate; calicine segments
  leafy, cut-dentate.—Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Lam. Illust. t. 529. f. 2.

  About two feet high and bushy. Leaves resembling tftose
of Pedicularis, orLousewort. Flowers yellow, large. In shady
woods on the Schuylkill above the falls, and in similar situa-
tions in Jersey.  In the woods of the Woodlands; tolerably
frequent. Biennial. July, August.

     287. PEDICULARIS. Gen.pl. 1003. (Pediculares.)

Calix ventricose, half 5-cleft. Galea (or up-
   per lip of the corolla) emarginate and com-
   pressed.  Capsule bilocular, mucronate, ob-

   lique.  Seeds angular, tunicated.—Nutt.


1. P.  stem branched, tall,  glabrous; leaves sub-
  opposite, lanceolate, crenate-dentate;  spike leaf-
  less, glabrous, galea  of the  corolla obtuse; ca-
  lix bifid, roundish.—Herb. Banks.
P. Virginica, Lam ark.
P. serotina,  Muhl.


            Pale-flowered Louse-wort.

  About a foot or. two feet high, with pale or  straw-yellow
flowers. This, which is so common a species at Lancaster, is
rare  in this vicinity.  I have only found it sparingly in the
swampy thickets near Woodbury, Jersey. Mr. Nuttall thinks
it the P. lanceolata, of Mich. Perennial. August, September.

2. P. stem simple, leaves  pinnatifid, cut-dentate;
   capitulum leafy at the  base, hirsute;  galea of
   the corolla bristly-bidentate,  calices at length,
   truncate.—Willd. and Pursh.


               Common Louse-wort.

  About six or ten inches high. Flowers whitish,  sometimes
tinged with purple. In meadows and damp low woods; com-
mon.  Perennial.  May, June. 
       DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.              47

    288 . MIMULUS. Gen. pi. 1049. (Scrophularix.)

Calix prismatic, 5-toothed.  Corolla ringent:
  upper  lip  reflected at the sides; palate of
  the lower lip prominent. Stigma thick and
  bifid.   Capsule   U-celled,   many-seeded.
  Seeds  minute.—Nutt.

1. M. erect, glabrous;  leaves sessile, lanceolate, ringers.
  acuminate-serrate,  peduncles axillary, opposite,
  longer than the flowers, calicine  teeth oblong-
  acuininate.—Willd. and Pursh.
    Icon. Bot. Mag. 283. Pluk. amalth. t. 393. f. 3.

             Gaping  Monkey flower.
  A fine plant, about fifteen inches high, with large blue flow-
ers. In boggy meadows and low grounds, every where com-
mon.  Perennial.  July, August.

2. M. erect, glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate-acu- aiatus.
  minate, serrate, peduncles  axillary, opposite,
  shorter than the flower; teeth of the calix round,
  mucronate, stem four-angled, winged.— WiUd.

          Wing-stemmed Monkey-flower.
  Resembles No. 1, so closely as to be easily mistaken for it.
It is a taller plant. Flowers the size and colour of No. 1. In si-
milar places.  On the bank walk from the Navy Yard to Glou-
cester point; frequent. Perennial.  July, August.

       289. CHELONE.  Gen. pi. 1005  (Bignonix.)

Calix  5-parted,  tribracteate.    Corolla rin-
   gent, ventricose.    Sterile filament shorter
   than the rest;  anthers  lanuginous.   Cap-
   sule 2-celled, 2-valved.  Seeds membrana-
   ceously  margined.—Nutt.

1. C leaves  opposite,  lanceolate-oblong, acumi-glabra.
  nate, serrate; spikes terminal, close-flowered.
  —Willd. 
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA
                  Snake-head.
  From two to three  feet high.  Flowers cream-coloured.
The corolla has some faint resemblance to a snake's head.
In similar places with Mimulus ringens, and aiatus. Perennial.
July, August.

   290. PENTSTEMON. Gen. pi. 1758. (Scrophularix.)

Calix  5-leaved.   Corolla  bilabiate,  ventri-
  cose.  The fifth sterile filament longer than
  the rest and bearded on the  upper side.
  Anthers  smooth.  Capsule ovate, 2-celled,
  2-valved.   Seeds  numerous,  angular.—
  Nutt.
1. P. stem pubescent, leaves serrulate, lanceolate-
  oblong, sessile;  flowers paniculate, sterile fila-
  ment bearded from the apex as far as below
  the middle.—Willd. and Pursh.
Chelone Pentstemon, Mant. 415.
  A very elegant plant, from ten to fifteen inches high. Flow-
ers pale-purple or blue.  On the borders of open woods and
fields; common. Perennial. July.

   291. EUCHROMA. Nutt. Gen. Am. pi. vol. 2. p. 54.
                  (Pediculares.)

Calix spathseform, bifid, and emarginate, or
  quadrifid, with the segments subulate.  Co-
  rolla bilabiate, upper lip very long and
  linear, embracing the style and stamina;
  lower lip short and trifid, without glands.
  Anthers linear, with unequal lobes, all co-
  hering in the form of an oblong disk.  Cap-
  sule  compressetl,  ovate, oblique, 2-celled,
  2-valved; dissepiment  medial,  bipartile.
  Seeds numerous,  and small, surrounded
  with a membranaceous inflated  vesicle.—
  Nutt. 
       DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.              49

1. E.  leaves and  coloured  bractes divaricately wccinea.
   trifid ;  calix bifid, nearly equal with the corolla,
   segments retuse and emarginate.—Nutt.
Bartsia coccinea, L.
   Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 102. f. 5.

                  Painted-cup.
  A gorger.us and much admired plant. The rich scarlet brac-
tes which are usually  mistaken for flowers, constitute the
great beauty of the plant. Under a foot high. In the meadows
bordering the Wissahickon. Rare.  Perennial.  July.

    292. MELAMPYRUM. Gen. pi. 999. (Pediculares.)

Calix 4-cleft. Upper  lip of  the  corolla  com-
   pressed, margin folded  back;  lower  lip
   grooved, trifid, subequal.   Capsule S-cell-
   ed, oblique, opening  on one side;  cells 2-
   seeded.  Seeds cartilaginous, cylindric-ob-
   long.—Nutt.

1. M. slender; lower leaves linear* entire;  floralHaeare.
   leaves lanceolate, toothed behind; flowers axil-
   lary, distinct.—Lamark.
M. Americanum, Mich.
all the leaves lanceolate.                        &tatif<,uum.

                   Cow-wheat.
  About a foot high.   Flowers yellowish-white, tinged with
pale-red. In woods and copses every where common.  /8. dif-
fers in having much broader leaves.  I have only found it
in the woods near Woodbury, where it is abundant. Annual.
July. 0. August and later.

    293.  OROBANCHE. Gen.  pi. 1045. (Pediculares.)

Calix 4 or 5-cleft, segments  often unequal.
   Corolla  ringent.   Capsule ovate, acute, 1-
   celled, S-valved; seeds numerous. A gland
   beneath  the base of the germ.—Nutt. 
50
DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
Americana,  i.  o. stem very simple, squama;, oval-lanceolate,
           imbricate,  closed;  spike  terminal,  glabrous;
           corollas  recurved,  stamens exserted.—Willd.
           and Pursh.

          Parasitic. On the authority of Mr. Bartram, I have introduced
         this plant, never having met with it myself.  He says it grows
         in the woods near Philadelphia.  Perennial.  July.

             294. EPIFAGUS. Nutt. Gen. Am. pi. vol. 2. p. 60.
                           (Pediculares.)

         Polygamous.—Calix abbreviated,  5-toothed.
           Corolla of the infertile flower ringent, com-
           pressed, 4-cleft, lower lip flat: fertile flow-
           er minute, 4-toothed, deciduous.   Capsule
           truncate,  oblique, 1-celled,  imperfectly 2-
           valved, opening only on one side.—Nutt.


virginianm.  1. E. stem branched, flowers  alternate, distant;
           corollas deciduous, 4-toothed.—Willd.
         Epifagus Americanus, Nutt.
         Orobanche Virginiana,  L.


                    Cancer Root.  Beech-drops.

          A parasitic plant, always found under beech-trees.  It is
         powerfully astringent, and possesses medicinal virtues. Com-
         mon where the beech-tree is found. Perennial.  July, till
         September. 
TETRADYNAMIA.

    DRABA.
'    LEPIDIUM.
    THLASPI.
    DENTARIA.
    CARD AMINE.
    BARBAREA.
    SISYMBRIUM.
    ERYSIMUM.
    ARABIS.
    TURRITIS. 
c 52;
            CLASS XIV.—TETRADYNAMIA.


                    ORDER I.  SILICULOSA.


                 296.  DRABA. Gen. pi. 1076. (Cruciferx.)

         Silicle  entire, oval-oblong, valves  flattish,
            parallel with the dissepiment, Style scarce-

            ly any.


 vema.     1. D. scape  naked, leaves oblong-acute, subser-
            rate, hairy; petals bifid, stigma sessile.—WiUd.
         D. hispidula, Mich.
         D. verna,  0. Americana,  Pers.
            Icon. Fl. Dan.  983.  Engl. Bot. 586.


                  Whitlow-grass.   Shad-blossom.

           A very humble plant, but extremely interesting, because it
         is the earliest blooming plant of our country.  It is often found
         in flower in the last of February or early in March, when only
         one-half or three quarters of an inch high. It afterwards ac-
         quires a greater size, and sometimes is four inches high. It
         flowers twice in the season.  Annual.


               279. LEPIDIUM. Gen.pl. 1077. (Cruciferx.)

         Silicle emarginate,  elliptic, cells  1-seeded,
             valves carinate, dissepiment contrary.


virginicum.  \m  l# radical leaves pinnatifid, stem leaves linear-
           lanceolate, sub-cut-serrate; flowers 4-pctalled,
           diandrous, silicle lentiform.—Willd. and Pursh.
             Icon. Sloan. Jam. l.t. 123. f. 3.  (Pursh.)


                Wild Pepper-grass or Pepper-wort.

          From twelve to fifteen inches high.  Flowers very minute. In
        stony roads and way-sides, on dry soil, and in dry fields, every
        where common.  Whole plant tastes pepperish.  Biennial. All
        summer. 
TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQUOSA.
53
       298. THLASPI. Gen.pl. 1078. (Cruciferx.)

Silicle emarginate, obcordate, many seeded:

  valves navicular, with a carinate margin.—

  Nutt.


1. T.  hirsute,  silicle  deltoid-obcordate,  radical Bursa Past°-
  leaves pinnatifid.—Willd.
     Icon. Engl. Bot. 1485.


                Shepherd's Purse.

  One of the common weeds growing every where, even in
the crevices of brick pavements. It sometimes covers whole
fields.  The young radical leaves are brought to market and
sold for greens, in the spring of the year. Annual. From April
till October.
            ORDER II.  SILIQUOSA.


       299. DENT ARIA. Gen. pi. 1087. ( Cruciferx.)

 Silique  springing open elastically  and the
    valves " nerveless" and revolute. Dissepi-
    ment partly fungose.  Stigma emarginate.
    Calix longitudinally connivent.—Nutt.

 1. D. leaves thrice ternate,  folioles  tripartile-li-laciniata.
    near-oblong, cut-dentate;  roots tuberous, mo-
    niliform.—Willd.
~D. concatenate, Mich.

             Jagged-leaved Tooth-wort.

   A handsome plant, near a foot high.  Flowers pale-purple
 and white.  On the shady hilly woods bordering the Schuyl-
 kill, near the falls, particularly on rocks; also, on the rocky
 banks af the Wissahickon, very common. Perennial. May.
    vox. n.                   6 
34
TETRADYNAMIA. SILIQUOSA.
iieterophyiia. 2.  D.  stem 2-leaved, leaves ternate,  petiolate,
           leaflets linear, sublanceolate, acute, entire, mar-
           gin asperate, ciliate; radical  leaflets ovate-ob-
           long, incisely and grossly toothed.  Ous.  The
           smallest  species with which I am acquainted.
           Root concatenately  and also  simply tuberous,
           tubers oblong, dentoid. One radical leaf always
           present upon a long petiole arising from the base
           of the scape, deeply toothed,  dentures obtuse,
           with a small abrupt point;  cauline leaflets very
           rarely subserrate,  generally entire,  invariably
           ciliated, nearly linear, more than an inch long,
           and  only about  2  lines wide.  Corymb small,
           about 9-flowered;  flowers  pale purple,  nearly
           the size of those of Cardamine pratensis, petals
           oblong, entire, longer than the stamina.  Flow-
           ering in June.  Figure Pluk. Amalth. t. 435. f.
           2. ? but  in this  figure the  leaves  are a little
           toothed.—Nutt.
         D. heterophylla, Nutt.

          In the shady fir woods on the banks  of the Wissahickonj
         Mr. Nuttall. I have not met with it.

                300. BARBAREA. R. Brown. ( Cruciferx.)

         Siliqud 4-sided-ancipital.   Cotyledones  ac-
           cumbent.  Seeds in a single series.  Calix
           erect.  Glands disposed at the internal base
           of  the  shorter   filaments.—R. Brown.
           Hort. Kew. 4. p. 109.

vulgaris.    x  g leaves lyrately pinnatifid ; stem branched;
          flowers yellow,  terminally  racemose.—Nutt.
        Barbarea vulgaris, R. Brown.
        Erysimum Barbarea, L.

                          Water Cress.

          From fifteen inches to two feet high, bearing a profusion of
         elegant flowers.  The plant is eaten in its young state at our
        tables as a sallad, under the above English name.  On the 
TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQUOSA.                55
retired banks of the Wissahickon, and on the edges of grassy-
lanes, not unfrequent.  Perennial.  June, July.


      301. SISYMBRIUM. Gen. pi. 1089. (Cruciferx.)

Silique terminated by a short terete rostrum,

   valves nearly  straight, not elastic.   Calix
   and corolla spreading.—Nutt.

1. S.  siliques declinate, oblong-ovate; leaves ob- amphibium.
   long-lanceolate  or  pinnatifid,  serrate, petals
   longer than the calix.—Willd.
     Icon. Fl. Dan. 984.

                   Water Radish.
   From fifteen inches to three feet high.  Whole plant of a
very yellow-green. Flowers small, yellow. Leaves subject to
be eaten by insects.  On the margins of our rivers and creeks;
and along the borders of dirty ditches, very common. Peren-
nial. July, August.

2. S. silique declinate,  leaves  pinnate;   leaflets vuigare.
   lanceolate, incisely  serrate. L.
S. vuigare, Pers.
S. sylvestre, L.

                Creeping Water-cress.

   Scarcely more than  a foot or fifteen inches  high.  Flowers
yellow, and not unhandsome.  This plant covers large patches
of ground on the low wet margins of the Delaware, just above
Kensington; and  it has every appearance of being a native
there.   It is  not improbable, however, that it has been acci-
dentally introduced in that neighbourhood, where at least it is
unequivocally  naturalized. I have this summer found young
leafing specimens four miles higher up the Delaware.  Peren-
nial.  July.

       302. ERYSIMUM.  Gen. pi. 1090. (Cruciferx.)

   Silique columnar,  4-sided.    Calix closed.

1. E. siliques of the spike adpressed, leaves  unci-officinale.
   nate.—WiUd.
      Icon. ¥\. Dan.  560. 
56               TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQUOSA.
                       Officinale Hedge-mustard.

            A straggling plant, with very small yellow flowers, and a
          hot pungent taste.  About a  foot or two feet high.   On the
          borders of fields and  along  fences, every where  common.
          Annual.  July.


                 303. ARABIS. Gen. pi. 1049. (Cruciferx.)


          Silique  linear (mostly compressed)  crowned
            with the subsessile stigma; valves venose
            or nerved.   Seeds disposed in a single se-

            ries.  Cotyledones accumbent. Calix erect.
            —M.  Brown.  Hort. Kew.  4. p. 104.


 thaiiann.    j# ^. radical leaves oblong, petiolate; stem leaves
            lanceolate,  sessile; stem erect,  hairy  at the
            base; petals twice  the length of  the calix.—
            Willd.
              Icon. Curt. Fl. Lond. 2. t. 49.


                Mouse-ear Wall-cress or Turkey-pod.

           From six to ten inches high. Flowers small, white. In sandy
         fields, woods and road-sides, every where common.  Annual.
         April till July.


fyrata,     2. A. leaves glabrous, radical ones lyrate,  those
            of the stem linear.—Willd.


                      Lyre-leaved WaU-cress.
           About the size of the  preceding, but has much larger flow-
         ers—also white On all the high rocks of the neighbourhood,
         at the roots of trees in the woods of Jersey, and in fields and
         dry road-sides, every where abundant. It flowers often when
         snow is on the ground in March, and continues in bloom 611
         July.  Annual.


faicata.     3. A. leaves lanceolate, narrow  at each  end, re-
           motely dentate, hastate-sessile; siliques pendu-
           lous, two-edged, scythe-shaped.—Mich.
         A. Canadensis, Mich. 
TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQUOSA.                57
Turritis foliis lanceolatis, dentatis, &c.
   Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 86. f. 8. Gron. Virg.

             Sickle-leaved Wall-cress.

  A large species, being often two or three feet high. Flow-
ers white, larger than those of Turritis laevigata.  Siliques ar-
cuate, rigid, a little better than an eighth of an inch broad,
with a line on each side.  On the rocks bordering Schuylkill,
not common.  Perennial.  May.

4. A. leaves glabrous, rhomboid, repand-obsolete, rhomboidea.
   dentate; the lower ones on long petioles,  root
   tuberous.—Pers.
A. rhomboidea, Pers. and Pursh.
A. bulbosa,  Muhl.
A. amara, Banks. (Pursh.)
Cardamine  rotundifolium, Mich ?

     Bulbous-rooted Wall-cress or Turkey-pod.

  From  ten to fifteen inches high.  Flowers large, white ;
root tuberous.   Along the marshy borders of the Delaware:
on the borders of the Schuylkill and Wissahickon;  in mea-
dows near rivulets and in ditches; common. Perennial. March,
April.

       304. TURRITIS. Gen.pl.  1095.  (Cruciferx.)

Silique elongated, ancipital;  valves nervose
   or carinate. Seeds disposed in a double se-
   ries. Cotyledones accumbent.—M. JBrown.

1.  T. leaves glabrous, radical ones obovate, ser- i«vigata.
   rate, those of the  stem lanceolate-linear,  very
   entire, amplexicaule.—Willd.

              Smooth Tower-mustard.

  From  one foot to two feet high, very smooth.  Flowers yel-
lowish-white, small.  The plant resembles Arabis falcata. It
differs however, strikingly in fruit. Siliques from three to four
inches long, very numerous, quite flat, straight and little more
than one-sixteenth of an inch broad. On the high shady banks of
the Schuylkill, east side, about a mile or two south of the falls. I
have found it sparingly on  the west side above the falls, on
rocks; rare. Biennial.  April, May.
                         6* 
 
MONADELPHIA.

   LOBELIA.
   GERANIUM.
   SIDA.
   MALVA.
   HIBISCUS. 
[60]
            CLASS XV.—MONADELPHIA.


                 ORDER I. PENTANDRIA.

               305. LOBELIA. Gen. pi. 1363. (Lobeliacex.)

        Calix 5-cleft.  Corolla monopetalous, irregu-
           lar, on the upper side cleft nearly to its base.
           Stamina united into a  tube.    Stigma  2-
           lobed;  involucrate! involucrum (or  indu-
           sium) bearded.   Capsule inferior or semi-
           superior, 2 or 3-celled, opening at the sum-
           mit.  Seeds minute, scabrous.—Nutt.

ciaytonUna. 1. L. erect, simple, subpubescent;  leaves oblong,
           somewhat obtuse, radical  ones entire, those of
           the  stem above,  denticulate; raceme  virgate,
           bractes subulate.—Mich, and Pursh.
        L. spicata, Lamark.
        Rapuntium Ibliis villosis mollibus, &c. Gron. Virg.

                        Clayton's Lobelia.
          About eighteen inches high;  flowers blue. In cultivated
        fields and woods, common.  Perennial.  July, August.

Kaimii.    2. L.  slender, erect, somewhat simple; radical
           leaves  spathulate, stem  leaves   linear, very
           slightly  denticulate; flowers  racemose,  alter-
           nate, remote, pedicellate.—Willd.

          A delicate species, about a foot high, with blue flowers. In
        fields and meadows, common. Annual.  July, August.
          Does this plant differ from the one below, which I have quot-
        ed on the authority of Mr. Nuttall?  The plant intended by me
        referred to the above name, was considered by Dr. Muhlenberg
        the Kalmii, and without any  doubt. Mr. Nnttall makes this
        different;  and as the plant has not flowered since I have seen 
MONADELPHIA, PENTANDRIA.
61
his work, I have consequently no opportunity of examining
more accurately. The plant described by Mr. Nuttall as gra-
cilis, is the one so common in Jersey, and is the same intend-
ed by me in the present head. It appears to be Willdenow's
Kalmii, as it certainly is Muhlenberg's.

[L. stem erect, minutely scabrous, simple or fili- gracilis.
   forrnly  branched;  leaves  oblong-linear,  mi-
   nutely denticulate,  partly obtuse  and remote;
   flowers  slenderly racemose, distant;  peduncle
   coloured, shorter than the flower, bibracteate at
   the base-;  segments of the  calix subulate, lon-
   ger than  the capsule  which  is obtuse below.
   Obs.  The  radical  leaves  are spathulate  and
   mostly  hirsute; stem leaves  remote,  sessile,
   scarcely ever exceeding an inch in length.  Stem
   filiform, often  somewhat flexuous,  but  erect.
   Peduncles  only 2 or 3 lines long, in the flower
   blue;  segments of the calix nearly double the
   length of the capsule. Flower blue;  palate of
   the lower lip marked with  2 acute white lines,
   and 2 greenish spots with 2 others also near the
   base of the tube.  The root is slender but appa-
   rently perennial.—Nutt.']

3.  L. erect, branched, very hirsute;  leaves ovate, inflata.
   serrate; racemes   leafy,  capsules  inflated.—
   WiUd.
     Icon.  Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1.1. 16.

  Indian Tobacco.   Wild Tobacco.  Emetic-weed.

  An ordinary looking plant, of a grey aspect, from one foot
to eighteen inches high, having large inflated  capsules and
small blue flowers.  Possesses powerful medicinal virtues.
(See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In pastures, neglected fields, and
on road-sides, every where frequent.  Annual.  From June
till September.

4. L. erect, simple, a little  hairy;  leaves ovate-siphiiitica.
   lanceolate,  subserrate, raceme leafy;  calices 
62                MONADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
             hirsute, with the divisions reflexed.—Willd.and
             Pursh.
              Icon. Woodville'sMed.Bot. vol. l.p. 177. t. 63.

             A very elegant plant, from eighteen  inches to three feet
           high.  Flowers Prussian-blue, very large,  and handsome.
           Possesses medicinal virtues, and has been much celebrated.
           On the east margin of the Schuylkill, a mile or two south of
           the falls ; and in swamps eight or ten miles from this city, west.
           Not common. Perennial. July, August.

 cardinaiis,   5. L. erect, simple, pubescent;  leaves  ovate-lan-
             ccolate-acuminate, erose-denticulate;   raceme
             subsecund, many-flowered, the organs longer
             than  the corolla.—Willd.  and Pursh.
               Icon.  Bot. Mag. 320.

                             Cardinal Plant.

             This is one of the most superb plants of the United States;
           it is highly deserving cultivation in gardens, where with a little
           attention it thrives exceedingly well.   Flowers  rich velvety-
           crimson.  Plant from fifteen inches to three feet high. On the
           marshy borders of all our waters and  ditches.  In low wet mea-
           dows and watery thickets; abundant.  Perennial. July, August.

/.pallida.     6. L.
           L. pallida, Muhl.
           L. goodenoides, Willd.

             I have  a specimen of a lobelia, common in  this neighbour-
           hood, marked by  Dr. Muhlenberg, " L. pallida," with which
           he makes the L. goodenoides, Willd. synonymous. I know not
           in what this pallida  differs  from  Claytoniana, which Pursh
           makes synonymous with the  goodenoides, of Willd. For the
           present I leave it undecided.
          ORDER III. DECANDRIA.

      306. GERANIUM. Gen. pi. 1118. (Gerania.)

Calix  5-leaved.   Petals 5, regular.  Necta-
  rium  5  melliferous  glands adnate to the
  base  of  the  longer filaments.   Arilli  5, 
        MONADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.               63

   1-seeded, awned, awns naked and straight.'
   Nutt.

1. G. erect, retrorsely pubescent; stem dichoto-macn,atum-
   mous;   leaves  opposite,  3-5-parted, incised,
   upper ones sessile ;  peduncles elongated, two-
   flowered, petals obovate.—-Willd.
   Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1.1. 13.

Wild-geranium.    Common Crane's-bill.   Spotted
                   Crane's-bill.
  A fine showy species, with large purple flowers.  About
fifteen or eighteen inches high.  Possesses medicinal virtues.
(See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In shady woods, meadows, bor-
ders of fields, and in hedges; very common. Perennial. June,
July.

2. G. diffuse, pubescent;  leaves opposite, 5-lobed, Carolinian-
   trifid, incised;  peduncles 2-flowcred, s'<bi'asei-um'
   culate:  petals emarginate, of the length of the
   awns of the  calix, arillus, villose.—Willd. and
   Pursh.
G. Carolinianum, /3. album, Muhl.
G. lanuginosum, Jacq. hort. schroenb. 2. t. 140.
   (Pursh.)
            White-flowered Crane's-bill.
  Almost procumbent, but very spreading.  Flowers quite
small, white.  In the sandy fields of Jersey, and.culuvated fields
elsewhere; common. Biennial. July.

3. G. peduncles two-flowered, longer than the leaf, coiumbinum.
   leaves 5-parted ; lobes  multifid, linear,  petals
   emarginate;  capsules smooth,  seeds  reticulate.
   —Smith,  Willd. and Pursh.

  A small species,  scarcely exceeding six inches in  height,
with deep purple flowers on a very long peduncle.  On the
borders of fields and thickets, near Woodbury; common.  I
have not found it elsewhere. Annual.  July.

4. G. peduncles  2-flowered, flowers pentandrous, pusiiium.
   petals emarginate,  of the length of the awnless 
MONADELPHIA, POLYANDRIA.
  calix; leaves sub-7-lobed, trifid;  arillus pubes-
  cent.—WiUd.

          Smallest-flowered  Crane's-bill.
  This species has very minute purple flowers.  On the road-
sides close to Kaighn's point, and in other similar places of
Jersey; rare. Annual. June.
         ORDER IV. POLYANDRIA.

         307. SIDA, Gen. pi. 1129.  (Malvacex.)

Calix  5-cleft,  simple.   Style  multipartite.
        Capsules many, 1 or 3-seeded.

1. S. stem spreading, axills subspinous, leaves on
  long  petioles, ovate-lanceolate, obsoletely cor-
  date-dentate ; peduncles solitary, axillary;  sti-
  pules setaceous, longer than  the peduncle; cap-
  sules birostrate.—Willd.
     Pluk. aim. t. 9. f. 6.

             Thorny Indian Mallow.
  About a foot high. Flowers yellow.  In and about Camden,
and on road-sides and among rubbish, both in Jersey and west
of the Delaware. Not uncommon. Annual. Jul}'.

2. S. leaves subrotund-cordate,  acuminate, den-
  tate, tomentose; peduncles solitary, shorter than
  the  petiole;  capsules  bi-aristate,  truncate.—
   Willd.
     Icon.  Schkuhr. handb. 190.  (Pursh.)

          Round-leaved Indian Mallow.
  From one to four orfive feet high. Leaves soft. Flowers pale-
yellow. In cultivated grounds and in wastes, every where very
common. Annual. July.  August. 
MONADELPHIA, POLYANDRIA.
65
       308. MALVA. Gen. pi. 1134. (Malvacex.)

Calix double;  the exterior mostly 3-leaved.

  Petals 5.   Capsules  many, 1-seeded, dis-
  posed orbicularly.—Nutt.


1. M.  stem prostrate; leaves cordate-orbiculate,rotundifoiia.
  obsoletely 5-lobed; peduncles of the fruit decli-
  nate.—WiUd.
     Icon. Fl. Dan. 721.


             Round-leaved Mallow.

  An introduced and well-known weed, found always among
rubbish, near habitations, and in cultivated grounds, where it
is perfectly naturalized. Perennial. All summer.


      309. HIBISCUS. Gen. pi. 1139. (Malvacex.)

Calix double; exterior many-leaved. Stigmas

  mostly 5.  Capsule 5-celled, many-seeded.


1. H.  leaves  broad-ovate, obtusely serrate, sub- paiustris.
  trilobed, 3-nerved,  tomentose  beneath; pedun-
  cles axillary, longer than the petiole.—Willd.
     Icon. Cavan.  Diss. 3. t. 65.  f.  2.


                 Marsh Hibiscus.

  This elegant plant is very ornamental to our swamps and
water-sides. From two  to four feet high. Flowers very large,
reddish-purple-, rarely  white.  Along the Delaware, on either
side, below the city; very abundant. Perennial.  August, Sep-
tember.
vol. II.
/ 
 
DIADELPHIA.
CORYDALIS.
POLYGALA.
LUPINUS.
CROTALARIA.
LATHYRUS.
VIC I A.
TRIFOLIUM.
STYLOSANTHES.
LESPEDEZA.
HEDYSARUM.
iESCHYNOMENE.
PHASEOLUS.
APIOS.
GLYCINE.
GALACTIA.
CLITORIA.
ROBINIA.
TEPHROSIA. 
[68 J
               CLASS XVI.—DIADELPHIA.

                   ORDER II. HEXANDRIA.

           310. CORYDALIS. Vent, choix de pi. 19. (Papaveracex.)

         Calix 2-leaved.   Corolla ringent.  Filaments
           2, membranaceous, each bearing 3 anthers.
           Capsule siliquose, many  seeded.—Nutt.

cucuiiaria.  j. Qm scape naked, raceme simple, secund;  nec-
           taries divaricate, the length of the corolla, style
           included; root bulbous.—Pers.
         Fumaria Cucuiiaria, Willd. and Mich.
         Bicucullata Canadensis, Marchant.
         Diclytra Canadensis, Bosc.
           Icon. Bot. Mag. 1127.

                      Hutch-mans' Breeches.
           A very elegant plant; with cream-coloured  flowers, on a
         naked scape.   On the  high woody banks of the Schuylkill,
         east side, a little south of the falls, in the greatest profusion.
         Perennial.  April.

aurea.     2. C. stem branched, diffused;  leaves bipinnate,
           folioles divided, linear-lanceolate, acute at each
           end; racemes leaning one way; bractes broad-
           lanceolate, sub-denticulate; siliques  terete, tur-
           gid,  twice the length of the peduncle.—Willd.
           enum.

                    Golden-flowered Corydalis.
          Flowers smaller than the preceding, and of a golden-yellow.
         On the high rocks bordering the Wissahickon; rare.  Also
         on the east banks of the Schuylkill, two miles above the falls,
         but scarce.  Annual.  April, May.

siaucn.     3. C. stem branched, erect; leaves glaucous, those
           of the stem biternate ;  racemes subcorymbose, 
DIADELPHIA, OCTANDRIA.
69
  bractes minute, siliques linear, thrice as long as
  the peduncle.—Pers.
Fumaria sempervirens, Willd.
  Icon. Bot. Mag. 179.

  On the banks of the Schuylkill above the falls; and on the
Wissahickon above Langstroth's Mills; rare. Annual or Bien-
nial.
         ORDER III.—OCTANDRIA.

      311. POLYGALA. Gen. pi. 115. (Pediadares.)

 Calix 5 -leaved ;  2 of the leaves in the form
   of  wings, and coloured.   Capsule obcor-
   date, 2-celled, 2-valved.—Nutt.

 1. P. stem simple or branched ;  lower and radi-i«tea.
   cal leaves spathulate, the rest lanceolate; spike
   cylindrical-capitate, crowded with flowers, pe-
   dunculated.—Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Pluk. amalth. t. 438. f. 6.

            Yellow-flowered Milk-wort.
  About ten or twelve inches high. Flower-heads yellow. In
 bogs near Haddonfield, Jersey.  Rare.

 2. P. stem fastigiately  branched ;  leaves  alter- purpurea.
   nate, oblong-linear;  flowers beardless, imbri-
   cated in obtuse cylindric spikes;  rachis squar-
   rose;  wings of the calix cordate-ovate, erect,
   twice as long as the capsule.—Nutt.
P. purpurea,  Nutt.
P. sanguinea, Mich, and Pursh.
P. sanguinea, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph.

  From three to ten inches high. Flowers reddish-purple,
in terminal oblong-oval capituli.  In the boggy grounds of
the Woodlands; abundant. In low grounds and fields of Jersey;
common.  This  plant has been considered the real P. san-
guinea of L., but according to  Mr. Nuttall it differs specifi-
cally. Annual.  July, August. 
;o
DIADELPHIA, OCTANDRIA.
.anguinea.  3. P. stem fastigiately branched ; leaves alternate,
           narrow-linear; flowers beardless, disposed  m
           long  and  crowded spikes;  rachis squarrose;
           calicine wings obovate, the length of the capsule.
           —Nutt.
         P. sanguinea, L., not of Mich, and Pursh.
           Pluk. Mant.  153. t. 438. f. 5.

           A smaller plant than No. 2.  Leaves narrow, short; spikes
         becoming finally, two  or three inches long.  Flowers dark
         red, mingled with yellow and green. In the woods near Wood-
         bury, Jersey; not uncommon. Annual. July, August.

verticiiiata.  4. P. leaves verticillate, linear and remote; flow-
           ers cristate, greenish; calicine  wings roundish,
           nearly  veinless, and shorter than the fruit to
           which they are appressed;  spikes pedunculate,
           subacute; bractes deciduous;  stem  erect and
           branched.—Nutt.
              Icon. Pluk. Mant. t. 438.  f. 4.

           From six to twelve inches high, very much branched Flow-
         ers small, white and pale-red.  In open woods, common. An-
         nual. June, August.

ambigua.   5. P. first leaves  verticillate, linear, the rest al-
           ternate; stem virgately branched ; spikes acute,
           upon very long peduncles; flowers cristate, pur-
           plish;  calicine wings  round and  venose, equal
           with  the fruit to  which they  are appressed;
           bractes deciduous.—Nutt.
         P. ambigua, Nutt.

           Hitherto confounded with No. 4, which  it closely resem-
         bles. In woods, road-sides and the borders of cultivated fields;
         not uncommon. Annual. July, August. 
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
71
         ORDER IV.  DECANDRIA.

      312. LUPIXUS. Gen. pi. 1176. (Leguminosx.)

Calix bilabiate. Five of the anthers oblong,
   and  5 partly round.  Legume coriaceous,
   torulose.—Nutt.

1. L. perennial, repent; stem and leaves smooth- perenms.
   ish;  leaves digitate; folioles  (8-9) lanceolate,
   somewhat obtuse; calices alternate, without ap-
pendices ;  upper lip emarginate, lower one  en-
   tire.— Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Bot. Mag. 202.

                Perennial Lupin.
  From one foot to eighteen inches high. Flowers fine purple.
This elegant plant ought to be cultivated in gardens.  In the
woods of Jersey, every where abundant.  Perennial. May till
July.

    313. CROTALARIA. Gen. pi. 1172. (Leguminosx.)

Vexillum  large and cordate; carina acumi-
   nate. Filaments united  in one body, with
   a  dorsal fissure.  Legume pedicellate, tur-
   gid.—Nutt.

1. C. hirsute, erect, branched; leaves simple, ob- sagittal.
   long-lanceolate;  stipules lanceolate-acuminate,
   decurrent; racemes opposite-leaved, sub-3-flow-
   ered ; corollas smaller than the calix.—Willd.
C. sagittalis, /3. oblonga, Mich.

               Arrow Rattle-box.
  From four to ten inches high.  Flowers yellow.   The pods
are indigo-blue or black, and very hard, so that the seed con-
tained within, rattle against the sides; hence the name. In the
sandy fields of Jersey, very abundant.  In a stony  field above
the falls of Schuylkill and elsewhere, frequent. Annual. July. 
72                DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.

              314. LATHYRUS. Gen. pi. 1186. (Leguminosx.)

         Style flat, broader above and villous  on the
           upper  side.    The upper segments of the
           calix shorter.—Nutt.

myrtifoiius.  j. l. stem naked, tetragonous; stipules semi-sa-
           gittate, lanceolate-acuminate; folioles 4, oblong-
           lanceolate, acute, mucronate, venose-reticulate;
           peduncles longer than the leaf,  sub-3-flowered.
           —Willd.

                     Myrtle-leaved Pea-vine.
          Flowers pale purple.  Among the large autumnal plants
         in the marshy borders of the Delaware; common. Perennial.
         July, August.

                 315. VICIA! Gen.pl. 1187. (Leguminosx.)

         Stigma transversely bearded  on  the under
           side.    Calix  emarginate  and  bidentate
           above,  the  3  lower dentures  long and
           straight.   Vexillum emarginate.—Nutt.

Amerieana.  l.  V. peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the
           leaf; stipules semi-sagittate, dentate;  folioles
           8-12,  elliptic-lanceolate,  obtuse,  glabrous.—
           WiUd.
                         American Vetch.
           Resembles Lathyris paiustris, somewhat.  Flowers purple.
         On the Schuylkill above Lemon-hill; rare.  Perennial. July.

cracca?    2. V. spikes many-flowered, retrorsely imbricated,
           longer  than the leaf;  stipules  semi-sagittate,
           linear-subulate, very entire; folioles numerous,
           lanceolate-oblong, pubescent.— Willd. Sf Pursh.

           Flowers blue. Resembles No. 1, but much more rare.  In
         watery thickets, scarce. Perennial. July. 
          DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.                73

     316. TRIFOLIUM. Gen. pi. 1211. (Leguminosx.)

Flowers subcapitate.—Legume valveless, co-
   vered by the calix, 2 to 4-seeded.

1. T. procumbent,  pubescent;  folioles obovate, reflexum.
   stipules oblique cordate;  capituli many-flower-
   ed, flowers pedicellate, all finally reflexed; le-
   gumens sub-3-seeded.—WiUd. and Pursh.

                 Baffaloe Clover.
  A handsome species, with large rosaceous flowers.  On the
bluff bordering the Schuylkill, Woodlands; rare.   Perennial.
June.

2. T. repent;  folioles ovate-oblong, emarginate, repem.
   serrulate; capituli umbelled, calicine teeth nearly
   equal; legumens 4-seeded.— Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Fl. Dan. 990.

                  White Clover.
  A well-known clover with white flowers. In pastures, com-
mons, woods, and on new-cleared grounds; every where
abundant  Perennial. May till September.

3. T. spikes dense; stem adscending; corollas un- prateme.
   equal; four  of the calix  teeth equal; stipules
   avvned.—Smith.
     Icon. Fl. Dan. 989.

                  Red Clover.
  Common red clover, though not a native, is completely na-
turalized. In pastures, on commons, and in woods.  Perennial.
All summer.

4. T. erect, very  much branched, villous; folioles arveme.
  linear-lanceolate, serrulate at  the apex; stipules
  connate, subulate at the apex; spikes very vil-
  lose, subcylindrical; calicine  teeth longer than
  the corolla.—Willd.
     Icon. Fl. Dan. 724.  Curt. fl. Loud. 50. 
74
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
                     Hares'-foot.  BulVs Clover.
           From ten to twelve inches high.  Capituli reddish.  Infields
         of Jersey in the greatest profusion, rendering them quite red
         at a distance.   This plant is  said to be medicinal, and it is
         brought to our markets for use in domestic medicine.  It is
         found in cultivated grounds, and on the edges of open woods,
         every where.  Flowers white, with red spots.  Annual.  July
         till September.

agrarium.   5. T. erect, subpubescent;  folioles lanceolate-cu-
           neate, obtuse, the intermediate sessile ;  stipules
           lanceolate, acute; spikes  oval, imbricate; vex-
           illum  deflexed, persistent;  calicine teeth subu-
           late, glabrous, unequal.—Willd.
         T.  aureum,  Pollich. fl. palat.  708.
         T.  strepens, Crantz. fl.  aust. 411. m.  8. (Pursb.)
           Icon. Fl. Dan. 558.

                          Large Hop-trefoil.
           About twelve or fifteen inches high, with bright golden-
         yellow capituli. This elegant species I have only found along
         the course of the Schuylkill, west side, in woods. In the woods
         near Mantua and Powelton, abundant Annual. June, August.

procumbeiu. 6. T. procumbent; stem hairy,  folioles obovate,
            emarginate,  glabrous; stipules lanceolate-acu-
            minate, pubescent or ciliate; capituli oval, im-
            bricate ;  vexillum deflexed, persistent, furrow-
            ed.  B.
         T. procumbens, Schreber.
         T.  minus, Smith?

                          Small Hop-trefoil.
           Intermediate in size between No. 5, and No. 7; procumbent.
         Capituli pale straw-yellow,  ovate; stipules and stem very pu-
         bescent.  In Jersey, on commons and in pastures; frequent.
         July, August.

minimus.   7.  T.  semi-procumbent; stem glabrous; folioles
            long-cuneate,emarginate,denticulate, glabrous;
            stipules ovate-acuminate, peduncles filiform, ca-
            pituli  nearly round, vexillum deflexed. B.
         Is this T. campestre, Muhl. Cat. ? 
         DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.                75

                Least Hop-trefoil.
  Stem from an inch or two long, to thirteen inches, always
glabrous. I have found this species common in Jersey, particu-
larly near Woodbury, on commons and in pastures.  J uly.

317. STYLOSANTHES. [Swartz.] Gen. pi. 1203. (Leguminosx.)

Calix tubulous and very long,  bearing the co-
   rolla.  Germ beneath the corolla.  Loment
   with 1 or 2 articulations, hooked.—Nutt.

1. S. stem pubescent; folioles lanceolate-glabrous ;e,atior-
   bractes lanceolate-cilliate ; capituli 2-3-flower-
   ed.—Mich.
Stylosanthes elatior, Swartz.
S. hispida, /3. hispidissima, Mich.
Trifolium biflorum, Sp. PI. 1088.
Arachis aprica, Walt.

               Hispid Stylosanthes.
  From six to twelve inches high. Flowers yellow. In sandy
fields, woods, and on road-sides in Jersey; every where com-
mon.   West of the Delaware, more rare. Perennial.  July,
August.

     318. LESPEDEZA. Mich. Fl. Am.  (Leguminosx.)

Calix 5-parted; bibracteate at the base, seg-
   ments  subequal.  Carina  transversely ob-
   tuse.   Loment  lenticular,   unarmed,   1-
   seeded.—Mich.

1. L. erect and  somewhat ramose;  leaflets  ob- sessiiiflora.
   long-oval, obtuse; fascicles of flowers subws-
   sile,  axillary  ones partly racemose;  loment        ^
   naked, acute.
Hedysarum reticulatum, Muhl.
H. sessiflorum, Lam.
II. junceum, Walt.
H. reticulatum, Willd.
Medicago Virginica, Syst. Veg. 
76                 DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.

                      Veined-leaved Lespedeza.
           A slender and handsome species, from one to two feet high.
         Flowers purple. In the borders of sandy fields in Jersey ; fre-
         quent.  Perennial.  July.

capitata.    2. L. erect, simple;  leaves  subsessile;  folioles el-
           liptical; spikes capitate,  shortly pedunculated,
           axillary and conglomerate-terminal; calices vil-
           lose, the length of the corolla; loments much
           smaller than the calix.—Mich, and Pursh.
         Lespedeza fruticosa, Pers.
         Hedysarum frutescens, L.

                        Shrubby Lespedeza.
           Almost three feet high. Flowers white, or very pale purple.
         On the borders of fields in Jersey;  not unfrequent.  In the
         hedges near Kaighn's point. lj. June, July.

poiysuchya. 3. L. erect, branched, very  villose; leaves subses-
            sile; folioles rotund, oval;  spikes axillary, on
            long peduncles; corolla nearly equal to the ca-
            lix; loment nearly equal to  the calix.—Mich.
         Hedysarum hirtum, Willd.
            Icon. Mich. fl. am. 2. t. 40.

           About the same height as the preceding,  with handsomer
         foliage. Flowers small, white.  Grows with No.  3, but much
         more rare.  lj.  June, July.

vioiacea.    4. L. leaves ternate, elliptical, obtuse;  racemes
            umbellate, the length of the petiole;  flowers in
            pairs;  loments  rhomboid-reticulate, glabrous.
            —WiUd.
         Hedysarum  violaceum, Willd.

                      Violet-flowered  Lespedeza.
           A handsome species, with violet-coloured flowers. In sandy
         woods, six  or ten miles west of the Delaware, and in similar
         places in Jersey; not very common. Perennial. July. 
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
77
 5. L.  diffuse, branched; folioles  oblong, obtuse,divergent
   adpressed, hairy  below; racemes longer  than
   the petiole flowers, in pairs; loments ovate, re-
   ticulate, smooth.—Pursh.
 Hedysarum divergens, Willd.


               Diverging Lespedeza.

  Proximately allied to No. 4, but certainly a distinct species,
 and not a mere variety.  I am quite familiar with this plant,
 which grows in such profusion in the vicinity of Lancaster. It is
 common also through the woods of Maryland, and near the
 city of Washington, in all which places it preserves its charac-
 ters. Flowers purple. In the sandy woods near Woodbury;
 very rare. Perennial.  July.

 6. L. procumbent and slender, every where pubes- procumbens.
   cent, but  more particularly the stem  petioles
   and peduncles; leaflets  oval;  peduncles  very
   long and setaceous; raceme short, subumbellate;
   flowers by pairs, distinct; loment oval,  nearly
   smooth.—Nutt.
 Hedysarum Lespedeza, Lamark.
 H. prostratuin, 'Willd., not  H. divergens,  Willd.
   (See Persoon's  Synopsis.)


               Trailing Lespedeza.

  This delicate and handsome plant is one of the commonest
 species of the genus in this vicinity, being found every where
 in sandy grounds of Jersey; and west of the river.  Mr.  Pursh
 and Mr. Nuttall, have, besides this species, L. prostrata, Willd.
 which is identical with the present plant.  Flowers rosaceous-
 purple. Perennial. June, July.


 7. L. leaves  ternate, subrotund-eliiptical,  emar- repa-
   ginate; racemes  axillary; loments  repand.—
   Willd.
 Hedysarum  repens, Willd.  and Muhl.


  A delicate and pretty species, found in the shady woods  of
Jersey, and, in woods above the falls of Schuylkill, east side.
 Perennial. July.
  VOL. II.                 8 
78
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
              319. HEDYSARUM. Gen. pi. 1204. (Leguminosx.)

          Calix  5-cleft.  Carina transversely obtuse.
            Lament of several articulations;  joints 1-
            seeded, compressed, and mostly hispid.—
            Nutt.

 canadense.  i. H. erect, smoothish; leaves ternate,  oblongo-
            lanceolate,;  stipules filiform; flowers racemose;
            the joints of the loment obtuse, triangular, his-
            pid.— Willd.

           About two and a half feet high. Whole plant of a greyish-
         green. Flowers purplish.  In woods and thickets, common.
         Perennial.  July, August.

Mariiandi-  2. H. erect, branched, hairy; leaves ternate, ob-
            long,  villous beneath; stipules subulate; ra-
            cemes paniculate; loments tri-articulate, joints
            rhomboid, reticulate, hairy.—WiUd.
              Icon. Dill. elth. t.  174. f. 171. (Pursh.)

           About the size of No. 1.  Flowers also purplish.  In similar
         places with the preceding. Not uncommon.  Perennial. July,
         August.

viridiflorum. 3. H. erect, branched, pubescent; leaves ternate,
           ovate-oblong,  scabrous  underneath;  stipules
           lanceolate-cuspidate; racemes paniculate, brac-
           teate; loments rough, joints  oval.—Willd.
              Icon. Pluk. aim. t.  308. f. 5.

           Three, or three and a half feet high.  Flowers first purple
         or reddish, and afterwards bluish-green.  In woods, and on
         the borders of neglected fields, common. Perennial.  July,
         August.

bracteosum.  4. H. erect,  glabrous;  leaves ternate,  oblong-
           oval, acuminate; stipules subulate; raceme ter- 
          DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.                 79

   minal, few-flowered;  bractes ovate, acuminate,
   striate, glabrous; joints of the loment suboval.
   —Mich, and Pursh.
H. cuspidatum, Willd.

  A very large species, often four feet high. Pursh has de-
scribed this plant and the H. cuspidatum severally—they are
identical. In open woods and thickets, not uncommon. On the
bluff at the Woodlands, abundant. Flowers large, purplish-red.
Perennial.  July to September.

5. H. erect, smoothish; leaves ternate, ovate, pu- cuiare.
   bescent beneath,  ciliated  on the margin;  sti-
   pules filiform; panicle terminal; joints of the lo-
   ment sewni-orbiculate, hispid.—Willd.

  About two and a half feet high.  It is sometimes pubes-
cent. Flowers small, violet-coloured. On the margins of sandy
fields in Jersey, every where common. Perennial. July.

6. H. erect,  glabrous;  leaves ternate,  oblong-panicuiatam.
   lanceolate or elliptical, smooth;  stipules subu-
   late ; panicle terminal; joints of the loment (4,)
   rhomboid  pubescent.—Willd.
     Icon. Pluk. Mant. t. 432. f. 6.

  From two to three feet high.  Leaves of a deep green,
with a whitish  central longitudinal  spot.  Flowers purple.
Growing in thickets and woods;  common.   Perennial.  July.

7. H. very erect, glabrous, simple ; leaves petio- ,trietum.
   late, ternate, linear-elliptical, glabrous, reticu-
   late, veined, glaucous beneath;   stipules subu-
   late; panicle terminal,  pedunculate, few-flow-
   ered.—Pursh.

  Flowers small, pale purple.  In the woods of Jersey,  near
Woodbury; rare.  Perennial. July, August.

8. H. erect,  simple; leaves long, petiolate,  ter-giutinosnm.
   nate,sifbrotund-ovate acuminate; panicle scape-
   form from the base  of the stem ; peduncles hairy,
   viscous; joints  of  the  loment oblong-triangular,
   smootish.—Willd. 
80
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
         H. giutinosnm, Muhl.
         H, acuminatum, Mich.

           About a foot or two high.  Flowers purple.  In woods and
         thickets, common.  Perennial.  July.

nudiflorum.  9. H. erect,  simple,  smoothish;  leaves ternate,
           broad-oval, acuminate; scape paniculate, gla-
           brous; joints of the loment subrotund-triangular,
           smoothish.—Willd.

           Resembles No. 8, very closely. Flowers like the preceding.
         Perennial.  June to  September.

rotundifoii.  io.  H. trailing,  hirsute; leaves ternate, orbicu-
           lar, every where hairy; stipules rotund-cordate,
           reflexed;  racemes axillary and paniculate, ter-
           minal, few-flowered ;  bractes cordate; joints of
           the loment sub-rhomboid, reticulate, scabrous.
           -r-Mich. and Pursh.
         H. canescens, Willd. ?

           Easily distinguished from any of the species of this elegant
         genus, by the round leaves.  Flowers purple.  In woods, on
         rocks and in dry copses; common.  Perennial.  July.

           320. JESCHYNOMENE. Gen. pi. 1202. (Leguminosx.)

         " Stamina  divided into  2 equal  bodies."
           Brown.  Loment  exserted, compressed,
           one of the sutures straight, the other lobed;
           articulations  truncated,  1-seeded.   Calix
           bilabiate,  labia dentate.—Nutt.

wspida.    l. JE. the erect  stem  and petioles tuberculate-his-
           pid ; leaves in many-pairs; folioles linear, ob-
           tuse ; stipules membranaceous, semi-saggittate;
           racemes simple, few-flowered; loments hispid.
           — Willd. Sp. PI. 3. p. 1163.
         Hedysarum Virginicum, Willd. Sp. PI. 3. p. 1212.

          A striking and elegant plant, about two feet high. Flowers
         yellow, veined with red.  On the banks of the Delaware be- 
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA-
81
tween Kaighn's point and the ferry below.  Very rare.  An-
nual. July.

     321. PHASE0LUS. Gen. pi. 1180. (Leguminosx.)

Carina with  the style and stamina spirally
   convolute.  Legume  compressed,  falcate.
   Seeds compressed, reniform.—Nutt.

1. P. twining, altogether pubescent; leaves broad- perenni«.
   ovate, the odd one subcordate; racemes in pairs,
   longer than the leaf; peduncles in pairs ;  brac-
   tes obsolete; legumens pendulous.—Willd. and
   Pursh.
P. paniculata,  Mich.
Dolichos polystachys, Willd.

             Perennial Kidney-bean.
  In woods among rocks, rare.  Perennial.  July, August.

2. P. twining,  perennial, a little hairy ;  folioles Peduncu,ari«-
   oblong-oval, subdeltoid, somewhat obtuse;  ca-
   pituli on long peduncles; vexillum short; wings
   large, expanded; legumes terete-linear.—Willd.
   and Pursh.
Glycine peduncularis, Muhl.
Glycine umbellata, Willd.
Phaseolous helvolus, L. and Mich.
   Icon. Dill. elth. t. 233. f. 300. (Pursh.)

  A handsome species, trailing on the ground.  Flowers pink
and deep purple; peduncles very long. In fields and woods
of Jersey, abundant; sufficiently common in similar situations
elsewhere. Perennial. July.

leaves lanceolate, sub-acuminate; peduncles very &/*"*&*•
   long.  B.
Glycine peduncularis, /g. parabolica, Bart.  Prod.
   Fl. Ph. p. 71.
Phaseolus parabolica, Nutt.

  Resembles No. 2, very much, and grows  with it. Flowers
pink and dark purple.  Perennial.  July. 
82               DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
tniobus.    3. P. twining, pubescent; lower folioles rhomboid-
           oval, upper trilobate; capituli on  long pedun-
           cles ; legumens linear.—Mich.
         Phaseolus  triiobus, Mich, not of Willd. and Ait.
           which latter is Dolichos triiobus, L.
         P. vexillatus, Walt.
         Glycine angulosa, Willd.
         Is this P. angulosus, Pers. ?

          On the high sandy banks of the Delaware, Jersey side, about
         four miles below Kaighn's point; rare.  Annual. July.

             322. APIOS. [Glycine. Gen. pi.] (Leguminosx.)

         Calix sub-bilabiate, truncate, with but a sin-
           gle  denture situated  beneath the  carina.
           Carina falcate, reflecting  the apex of the
           vexillum.    Germ  cylindrically sheathed
           at the base. Legume many-seeded.—Nutt.

tuberosus.   l. A. twining, glabrous;  root tuberous; leaves
           pinnate ; folioles 5-7, ovate-lanceolate,  narrow
           above;  spikes crowded, shorter than the leaves.
           —Pursh.
         Apios tuberosus, Pursh.
         Glycine Apios, Willd.
           Icon. Bot. Mag. 1198.

                       Wild Potatoe-vine.
          Root tuberous, esculent.   Flowers brownish purple.  In
         bogs of Jersey, and along hedges elsewhere ; not uncommon.
         Perennial. July.

              323. GLYCINE. Gen. pi. 1182.  (Leguminosx.)

         Calix 4 cleft, subequal, upper segment bifid,
           base partly attenuated.   Vexillum oboval;
           wings bidentate at the base; carina often
           incurved, shorter than the vexillum.  Germ
           naked at the base.   Legume oblong, com-
           pressed, 2-seeded, sessile.—Nutt. 
         DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.                83

 1. G. stem weak, hairy backward; leaves ter-mon°'«*-
   nate, ovate, acute, glabrous,  membranaceous;
   racemes cauline, pendulous, loose, corollate for
   the most part  sterile;  bractes  suborbiculate,
   concave.—Willd. and Pursh.
 G. bracteata, Sp. PI. p. 754.

  A common plant in shady woods and thickets. Flowers
 blue, sometimes white.  Annual.  July, August.

    324. GALACTIA. Brown. Mich. Fl. Am. 2. p. 61.
                  (Leguminosx.)

 Calix  4-cleft, bibracteolate.  Petals all ob-
   long, the vexillum broader and incumbent.
   Jlnthers oblong.   Stigma obsolete.   Stipe
   of  the germ naked.  Legume terete, many-
   seeded.—Nutt.

 1. G. nearly smooth; leaves ternate, elliptic-ob-s,abella-
   long, subcoriaceous and lucid, at either  extre-
   mity, emarginate; racemes pedunculate, a little
   shorter than  the leaves; flowers pedicellate;
   calix and legume smooth; stem prostrate.—Nutt.
 Dolicbos regularis, Willd.
 Ervuin volubile, Walt.

  A procumbent trailing plant, with flowers of purple, red
and white mixed. Peduncles about an inch and a half, or two
inches long.  In sandy fields, and a sandy grassy lane, a little
south of the ferry, three miles below Kaighn's point, Jersey.
Perennial.  June, July.

     325. CLITORIA. Gen. pi. 1183. (Leguminosx.)

 Calix  campanulate (the 2 lower  dentures
   longer and  often falcate) or tubulous, 5-
   toothed. Corolla resupinate; veanllumy&cy
   large and  spreading,  overshadowing  the
   wings.  Legume linear, acuminate, many-
   seeded.—Nutt. 
84
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.
Mariana.    i.  c. leaves ternate; calix much larger than the
           linear-lanceolate bractes, oblong-tubulous,  5-
           cleft;  legumen torulose, with  convex  front;
           seeds glutinous.—Mich.

          A very elegant plant, with large rose-coloured flowers.  On
         the rocks bordering the SchuylkiU, about half a mile above
         Lemon-hill. Scarce. I have found it no where else. Perennial.
         July, August.

               326. ROBINIA. Gen. pi. 1195. (Leguminosx.)

         Calix small aud campanulate, 4-cleft, upper
           segment bifid.  Legume  compressed and
           elongated, many-seeded,  seeds  compress-
           ed,  small.—Nutt.

pseud-acacia, l.  R. leaves oddly-pinnate;  stipules thorny; ra-
           cemes  pendulous; calicine  teeth  awnless;  le-
           gumes smooth.— Willd.
             Icon. Schmidt, arb.  32. (Pursh.)

           White  Locust-tree.  American Locust.   False
                             Acasia.
          A very ornamental tree, with white, sweet-scented flowers.
         Its wood is extremely durable, resisting injuries from moisture,
         for which reason it is much used for making the posts of rail
         fences  throughout the United States, also the posts of gates.
         On the borders of fields for ten miles around Philadelphia,
         common.  I2.  May, June.

                327. TEPHROSIA. Persoon.  (Leguminosx.)

         Dentures of the calix subulate, subequal.  Sta-
           mina monadelphous. Legume compressed,
           subcoriaceous.—Nutt.

virginiana,  l. T.  erect;  white-villous; folioles  (17-21)  oval-
           oblong, acuminate;  raceme terminal, short,
           subsessile;  legumes retro-falcate,  villous;  cali-
           ces woolly.—Pers. and Pursh. 
DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.                 85
Galega Virginiana.
  Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 23. f. 2.


                    Goats,-rue.

  About twelve or fifteen inches high.  An extremely elegant
plant, highly deserving universal cultivation in our gardens.
Flowers blossom-red and white  mixed.  In the high woody
banks of the Wissahickon. In the woods of Jersey, abundant.
And in dry sandy woods elsewhere, not unfrequent. Peren-
nial.  June. 
 
SYNGENESIA.
CICHORIUM.
LEONTODON.
PRENANTHES.
LACTUCA.
SONCHUS.
HIERACIUM.
KRIGIA.
ARCTIUM.
CNICUS.
LIATRIS
VERNONIA.
KUHNIA.
EUPATORIUM.
MIKANIA.
CACALIA.
TANACETUM.
GNAPHALIUM.
ERIGERON.
INULA.
ASTER.
SOLIDAGO.
SENECIO.
CHRYSANTHEMUM.
ACHILLEA.
HELIOPSIS.
HELENIUM.
HELIANTHUS.
RUDBECKIA.
BIDENS.
ACTINOMERIS.
AMBROSIA.
XANTHIUM. 
[88 J
    CLASS XVII—SYNGENESIA.

   ORDER I.  POLYGAMIA ^EQUALIS.

       (Flowers all hermaphrodite, fertile.)

              § 1. Florets all ligulate.

     328. CICHORIUM. Gen. pi. 1251. (Cichoracex.)

Calix caliculate.  Receptacle subpaleacebus.
     Pappus many-leaved, paleaceous.

1. C. flowers axillary, in  pairs, subsessile; leaves
  runcinate.— Willd.
    Icon. Fl. Dan. 907.  Engl. Bot.  539.  Wood-
  ville's Med. Rot.

                 Wild Succory.
 A straggling plant, with ordinary foliage, but rather hand-
some blue flowers. They occur occasionally white.  Introduc-
ed, but naturahzed in wastes near the city; abundant.  Possesses
medicinal virtues. (See Woodville's Med. Bot.) Perennial.
July, August.

    329. LEONTODON. Gen. pi. 1237. (Cichoracex.)

Calix double.  Receptacle naked.  Pappus
              stipitate, plumose.

1. L. exterior calix reflexed;  scape one-flowered;
  leaves  runcinate,  glabrous; segments  lanceo-
  late-dentate.— Willd.
     Icon. Fl. Dan. 574.  Engl. Bot. 510. Wood-
  ville's Med. Bot. vol. 1.1. 3.

                   Dandelion.
  Every person is familiar with this common weed.  Like
chickweed and the common plantanes, it is little injured  by
hard usage, so that it thrives and flowers among bricks on the 
SYNGENESIA, ^QUALIS.
89
pavements, and in turnpike-roads.  In pastures, grass-plots,
fields and road-sides, every where abundant.  It is possessed
of medicinal properties, among which its diuretic power is
universally known. Perennial. All summer.

    330. PRENANTHES. Gen. pi. 1236. (Cichoracex.)

Flosculi definite, 5 to 20.   Calix caliculate.
   Receptacle naked.   Pappus simple,  sub-
   sessile.

1. P. radical leaves angular-hastate, dentate, sub-aiba.
   lobate; those of the stem subrotund-ovate, den-
   tate, petiolate; upper ones lanceolate; panicle
   loose, fascicles  terminal, nutant; calices 8-fid,
   9-10-flowered.— WiUd. and Pursh.
P. suavis, Parad. Lond.  85.
   Icon. Bot. Mag.  1079.

     White-flowered Wild Lettuce, or Ivy-leaf.
  From two to five feet high.  Leaves thick; flowers yellow-
ish-white; calices purple.  On the edges of shady woods; not
rare.  Perennial.  August, September.

2. P.  stem  paniculate  above;  leaves  petiolate,cordata
   cordate, dentate, ciliate; floral  leaves  sessile,
   oblong,  very entire;  panicle loose,  raceme-
   flowered ; flowers nutant; calices 6-cleft, 6-flow-
   ered.—WiUd. hort. berol.  25,  and Pursh.

  From eighteen inches to two and a  half feet high.  Leaves
thin, or semi-membranaceous.  Flowers  slender, whitish-yel-
low.  In shady woods; rare.  Perennial.  August, September.

3. P.  leaves dentate, rough; those of the root pal- serpentana.
   mate-sinuate, of the  stem  long, petiolate, sinu-
   ate-pin natifid, nearly three lobed; intermediate
   divisions three-parted, upper  ones  lanceolate;
   racemes terminal, subpaniculate, short, nutant;
   calices 8-cleft, 12-flowered.—Pursh.
P. Serpentaria, Pursh.
   Icon. Pursh. Fl. Am. Sep. vol. 2. t. 24.
     VOL. n.                 9 
90                  SYNGENESIA, ^QUALIS.

                LioiCs-foot.  Dr.  WiWs Snake-root.

           Seldom exceeding two feet and a half in height, and not
         unfrequently flowering much under this size. 1 cannot think,
         as Mr. Nuttall has intimated, that this plant is scarcely more
         than a variety of P. alba, for I have met with hundreds of spe-
         cimens  of it in a pedestrian journey through Maryland, con-
         stantly presenting the same aspect and characters, and found it
         in company with P. alba, which latter is always a  much larger
         plant, frequently attaining a height of six feet. On the border
         of woods about 9 or 10 miles south-west of Philadelphia, not
         far from the Chester-road. Very rare in this vicinity. Stem and
         flowers dingy-purple and yellow. Possesses medicinal virtues.
         (Pursh.) Perennial.   September.

rubicunda.  4. P. leaves ciliate, radical, hastate-angular, sub-
           entire; lower ones  obovate, attenuate  at the
           base,  subangular;  the upper ones lanceolate,
           very entire;  raceme simple, flowers  nutant.—
            Willd. and Pursh.
         P. alba, #. Sp. PI. 1122.
         P. autumnalis, Gron. Fl. Virg. p. 89.

           About fifteen or eighteen inches high.  On the edge of the
         woods near the Lancaster turnpike-road, 9 or 10 miles from
         Philadelphia, frequent.  Perennial. August, September.

                301. LACTUCA. Gen. pi. 1234. (Cichoracex.)

         Calix  imbricated, cylindric, margin (of the
            segments)  membranaceous. Receptacle na-
            ked.  Pappus simple, stipitate. Seed even.
            —Nutt.


tiongata.   1. L. leaves smooth beneath, lowest ones runcinate,
           very entire, amplexicaule; lower ones dentate,
           upper ones lanceolate; flowers corymbose-pani-
           culate.—WiUd. enum.
         L. longifolia, Mich.


                Long-leaved Wild-lettuce.  Fire-weed.

           From three to six feet high.   Flowers small, yellowish.  On
         the borders of fields, in woods, and on road-sides, very com-
         mon. Biennial.   August, September. 
SYNGENESIA, ^QUALIS.
91
      302. SONCHUS. Gen. pi. 1233. (Cichoracex.)

Calix imbricated, ventricose. Receptacle na-

         ked. Pappus pilose, sessile.

1. S. peduncles sub-squamose; flowers paniculate; Fl0lidanu'-
   leaves lyrate-runcinate, denticulate, petiolate.—
   Willd. and Pursh.

   GaU of the earth.   Blue flowered Sow-thistle.
  From three to six feet high.  Flowers large, blue.  Pursh
says this plant  is used like Prenanthes  Serpentaria, to cure
the bite of the  rattle-snake.  On the bank walk of the Schuyl-
kill from  Gray's ferry to Kingsess Gardens.  Also on the
Woodlands, near the Schuylkill;  not common.  Perennial.
July, September.

2. S. peduncles sub-tomentose, umbellate; calices oieracem.
   glabrous;  leaves  oblong-lanceolate, amplexi-
   caule-denticulate,  subsinuate.—Willd.
     Icon. Fl. Dan. 682. Curt. Fl. Dan. 58.

      Yellow-flowered or common Sow-thistle.

  A well-known pestiferous weed to farmers.  From three to
Six feet high.   Flowers pale-yellow.  On the borders of fields
and the edges of woods, abundant every where. Annual. July,
September.

3. S. peduncles  squamose ;   flowers racemose ;ieucoph«us.
   leaves runcinate,  acuminate ;  stem paniculate-
   virgate.— Willd.
L. spicatus,  Lamark.

  About  three or four  feet high.  Flowers small, white;
slightly tinged  with blue.  On the  bank walk of the Schuyl-
kill from Gray's ferry, to Kingsess Gardens.  Biennial.  July,
September.

4. S. peduncles  subsquamose; flowers paniculate; acuminata.
   radical leaves subruncinate; stem leaves ovate-
   acuminate, petiolate, denticulate in the  middle.
   —Willd. and Pursh.
Lactuca villosa, Jacqu. ?

  Resembles No. 1, very much, but the flowers, which are
blue, are half the size of them. Grows with No. 1.; not com-
mon.  Biennial.  August, September. 
92
SYNGENESIA, ^QUALIS.
              303. HIERACILM. Gen. pi. 1238. (Cichoracex.)

         Calix  imbricate, ovate.   Receptacle nearly
            naked. Pajrpus  simple, sessile, (pale yel-
            lowish brown.)

venomm.   1. H. scape naked,  corymbose-paniculate,  gla-
           brous ;  pedicels filiform; leaves obovate-lance-
           olatc, rarely hairy above; beneath naked, fili-
           ate at the margin,.glandulous-denticulate; veins
           coloured, calices smooth.—Willd. and Pursh.

           Veined-leaved Hawk-weed.  Poor RoberVs Plan-
                              tane.
           From one to two feet high. Leaves veined with red. Flow-
         ers bright yellow.  In shady woods, every where very com-
         mon.  Perennial. June to August.

Gvonovii.   2. H. scape leafy, corymbose-paniculate; calices
           and peduncles glandulous-hairy; leaves obovate,
           obtuse,  very entire above; sparingly strigose-
           villous,  the  middle nerve beneath very villous.
           —WiUd. and Pursh.

           About the size of the preceding. Flowers pale-yellow and
         much smaller.  In woods and on dry  exposed places; com-
         mon.  Perennial. July, August.

panieuiatum. 3. H. smoothish;  stem  erect, leafy-paniculate,
           white-woolly below; pedicels capillary; leaves
           lanceolate, naked, dentate,  membranaceous.—
           WiUd. and Pursh.

           In more moist places than No. 1, and 2, common.  Flowers
         yellow, small.  Perennial.  July, August.

scabtum.    4. H. very hirsute; stem erect, leafy, hispid, very
           scabrous with brown dots; leaves oblong-ovate,
           entire, every where hirsute;  panicle  somewhat
           simple,  many-flowered, with glandulous-hispid
           calices; pedicels  short, divaricate.—Mich, and
           Pursh.
         H. marianum, Muhl. 
SYNGENESIA, ^QUALIS.
93
  Easily known from all the preceding species by its being
very hairy.  In woods and shady places, and not unfrequently
on the borders of fields.  Common.  Perennial. August, Sep-
tember.


        304. KMGIA. Gen. pi. 1244. (Cichoracex.)

Calix many-leaved,  simple.  Receptacle na-
   ked.  Pappus double,  external membrana-
   ceous 5 or 8-leaved, interior about 5, 8, or
   24 scabrous set*.—Nutt.


I. K. small;  leaves lyrate, glaucous, smoothish, virginica.
   margin  ciliated;   scape one-flowered,  twice as
   long as the leaves; calix about 8-leaved.—Willd.
   and Pursh.
Hyosceris Virginica, Sp. PI. 1138.
   Icon.  Lamark, Jour. Hist. Nat. 1. t.  12.
                                                           a
  About three or six inches high. Leaves and stem of a
bluish-green.  Flowers small, deep-yellow. On commons and
road-sides; in pastures and fields, every where common. An-
nual.  May till July.

caulescent, dichotomous;  leaves  sub-spathutate-#•dichotoma.
   linear, nearly entire, sparingly ciliate; scapes
   numerous, long, one-flowered. B.
Hyosceris ?  ramosissima, Bart. Prod.  Fl. Ph. 75.
Krigia dichotoma, Nutt.

  From ten to twelve inches high, very much branched from
the root.  Flowers yellow, and of the same size as in No. 1.
  After close attention to this plant, I believe it to be no more
than a variety of the preceding, having found a few specie
mens this season, (1818,) approximating towards the  diffuse
caulescent variety above.  I have found  this variety in the
sandy  fields of Jersey, opposite Southwark, and in Maryland
on the road to Baltimore. Annual. July, August.

2. H. glabrous, glaucous; stem erect, in 2-3-divi- »mpiex''cau-
   sions, nearly naked; leaves glabrous, radical
   ones sublyrate, those of the stem amplexicaule,
   lanceolate, very entire, glabrous.—Pers.
                          9* 
94                 SYNGENESIA, iEQUALIS.

         Hyosceris amplexicaulis, Mich.
         H. prenanthoides, Willd.
         H. biflora, Walt.
         Tragopogon Virginicum, Sp. PI. 1111.
         Troximon Virginicum, Gsert., Pers., Pursh.

                  Stem-clasping Swines"-succory.
           About a foot high. Flowers large, deep orange-yellow. Tn
         shady damp woods,  meadows, and moist copses;  common.
         Perennial.  July, August.
           § 2. Flosculoss:.  (Florets all tubular; border 5-cleft.)

              305. ARCTIUM. Gen. pi. 1253. (Cinarocephalx.)

         Calix globose; scales hooked inwards at the
           points.   Receptacle paleaceous.  Pappus
           setosely-paleaceous.

Lappa.     1. A. stem-leaves cordate,  pctiolate-denticulate;
           flowers paniculate, globose; calices smooth.—
           Willd. and Pursh.
             Icon. Woodville's Med. Bot. vol. 1. t.  15.

                            Burdock.
           Common Burdock perhaps has  been introduced, but if so,
         it is throroughly naturalized, being found every where in old
         fields and wastes.  From three to five feet high. Leaves very
         large, flowers purple. Biennial.  July, August.

               306. CNICUS. Gen.pl. 1255. (Cinarocephalx.)

         Receptacle villous.   Pappus capillary.  Ca-
                         lix ventricose.

lanceolate,  i. C. leaves decurrent, hispid,  pinnatifid;  seg-
           ments bilobed, divaricate, spinous; calices ovate,
           with a gossamer  pubescence; scales lanceolate,
           spinous, spreading.—Willd.
         Carduus lanceolatus, Sp. PI. 1149. 
SYNGENESIA, jEQUALIS.
95
                 Common Thistle.
  This  is the commonest species, being found every where
on way-sides, among rubbish, and on commons.  Flowers
purple, very large.  Probably introduced.  Biennial. From
June till autumn.

2. C.  leaves  sessile,  pinnatifid,  acute, incised, homduius.
   very spinous; involucrum terminal, one-flower-
   ed,  many-leaved; folioles very spinous ; calices
   un arm ed.—Pursh.
C. horridulus,  Pers.
C. horridus, Muhl.
C. pubescens, Gronovius.
Serratula discolor, Lamark.
Cirsium  horridulum, Mich.
Carduus spinosissimus, Walt.

                  Fellow Thistle.
   From two to three feet high, very thorny.  Flowers large,
pale-yellow. Along the course of the Delaware,  Jersey side,
from Market  Street ferry to Kaighn's point;  rare.   Peren-
nial.  July, September.'

3. C. stem tall, leafy, and divaricately branched; discolor.
   leaves lanceolate, sessile or amplexicaule, more
   or less deeply pinnatifid, above smooth, beneath
   tomentose; segments bilobed, partly ciliated and
   terminated by spines ; calix subglobose; scales
   ovate, spiny.—Nutt.
C. discolor, Muhl.

   This common species is surprisingly omitted by Pursh.  It
is abundant in Maryland and Pennsylvania. From three to five
feet  high, very much branched.  Leaves always pinnatifid.
Flowers purple.   On road-sides and in woods of Jersey, and
in similar places near this city; near Hamilton and  Mantua
villages; common.* Perennial. July, September.

4. C. stem  retrorsely pilose,   1  to 3-flowered; odoratw.
   leaves of the same colour on both sides, amplexi-
   caule, oblong-lanceolate  and pinnatifid; seg-
   ments irregularly lobed, ciliated and terminated
   with spines;  calix  large  and  partly globose, 
          SYNGENESIA, ^QUALIS.

  naked; scales appressed,lanceolate, acuminate,
  spiny.—Nutt.
C. odoratus, Muhl.
C. pumilus, Nutt.

  From one to three feet high. Flowers reddish-purple, very
large. On the borders of open woods, and on road-sides, Jer-
sey; frequent. Perennial. July.

 307. LIATRIS. [Schreber.] Gen.pl. 1263. (Corymbiferx.)

Calix oblong, imbricate.   Receptacle naked.
  Pappus plumose,  persistent, (often colour-
  ed.)  Anthers  entire at  the base.   Seed
  pubescent,  striate, and inversely conic.—
  Nutt.

1. L. stem simple,  tall; leaves linear, glabrous,
  ciliate at the base,  nerved and punctate; spike
  very long; flowers  sessile; calicine scales  li-
  near-oblong,  obtuse,   appressed.—Mich,  and
  Piirsh.
L. macrostachya, Mich.
L. spicata, Willd.
Anonymos graminifolius, Walt.
Serratula spicata, Sp. PI. 1147.
Suprago spicata, G»rt.
  Icon. Bot. Repos. 401. Pluk. aim. t. 424. f. 6.

               Blue Blading-star.
  From two to five feet high,  a very elegant plant.  Flowers
purple, in long crowded spikes.  Near Fiankford, and on the
Woodlands; rare. Possesses  medicinal virtues.  Perennial.
August.

     308. VERNONIA. Gen. pi. 1262. (Corymbiferx.)

Calix ovate imbricate.  Stigma  bifid. Recep-
  tacle  naked.  Pappus  double;   exterior
  short and paleaceous, interior capillary.—
  Nutt. 
SYNGENESIA, jEQUALIS.
97
1. V. very tall; leaves thick, lanceolate, serrulate, noveboracen-
  scabrous; corymb fastigiate; calicine scales fili-
  form.—Willd. and Pursh.
Serratula noveboracensis, Hort. cliff. 392.
Chrysocoma gigantea, Walt.
  Icon.  Dill.  elth. t. 263. f. 342. (Pursh.) Pluk.
aim. t. 109. f. 3.

  About five feet high.  Flowers purple ;  leaves narrow.  A
very showey plant, found on the margins of all our waters, in
meadows and on road  sides; common. Perennial.  August,
October.

2. V. stem very high, angular,  densely pubescent; p«*it».
  leaves thick, lanceolate, acute, serrate, pubes-
  cent beneath; corymb fastigiate; calicine scales
  ovate-acute, awnless.—Willd. and Pursh.
Serratula prsealta, Sp.  PI. 1146.
Chrysocoma tomentosa,  Walt.
C. prajalta, H. P. (Pers. Syn.)
  Icon.  Dill.  elth. t. 264. f. 343. Mill. ic.  234.
Pluk. aim. t. 280. f. 6.

  Resembles No.  1, very much. Flowers also purple. Leaves
broader.   Grows in similar places.  Perennial.  August, Oc-
tober.

      309.  KUHNIA. Gen. pi. 1272. (Corymbiferx.)
           Critonia, Gxrt. carp. 2. p. 411.
           Dalea, Brown, jam. 314.
Calix imbricate, cylindric.   Receptacle na-
   ked.   Pappus plumose.  Seed pubescent,
   multistriate.

1. K. glabrous;  leaves petiolate,  broad-lanceo-Eupatorioi-
  late,  serrate; corymb terminal,  few-flowered,
  coarctate.—Willd. and Ptirsh.
Eupatorium alternifolium, Ard. Spec. 2. p. 40. t.
  20.  (Pursh.)
     Icon. Lin. fil. dec. t. 11. Pluk. aim. t.  87. f.
   2. (Pursh.) 
98                  SYNGENESIA, jEQUALIS.

           About two or three feet high.  Resembles an Eupatorium
         very  much.  Flowers  white.   On the rocks  bordering the
         Schuylkill, about half a mile above Lemon-hill.   Very rare.
         Perennial. August, September..

            310. EUPATORIUM. Gen. pi. 1272. (Corymbiferx.)

         Calix simple or imbricate, oblong. Style long
            and semibifid.  Receptacle naked.  Pappus
            pilose,  or more commonly scabrous.  Seed
            smooth  and  glandular, quinquestriate.—

            Nutt.

         1. E. leaves opposite, sub-verticillate, linear, very
            entire, pubescent,  three-nerved punctate; radi-
            cal ones subdentate.—Willd.
              Icon. Dill. elth. t. 115. f. 140. Pluk. aim. t.
            88. f. 2. (Pursh.)


                    Hyssop-leaved  Eupatorium.

           About two feet high.  Leaves verticillate and very narrow;
         flowers white.  In hedges, Jersey.  Not common. In a hedge
         bordering a sandy field, near Kaighn's-point, Jersey.  Peren-
         nial. August to October.

sesjiiifoiium. 2. E. leaves sessile, amplexicaule, distinct, ovate-
           lanceolate, rotund at the  base;  serrate,  very
           glabrous; stem smoothish.— Willd.


                    Sessile-leaved Eupatorium.

           About two or two and a half feet high. Whole plant very
         smooth, and destitute of that grey aspect which characterizes
         so many of the white-flowered species.  Flowers white.  In
         rocky thickets a half mile east of Woodbury, Jersey.   Rare.
         Perennial.  August, September.

Bianduiosum. 3. E. leaves subsessile, oblong-lanceolate, rough-
           ish, serrate; interior calicine scales elongated,
           lanceolate, scariose, coloured.—Willd.
         E. gianduiosum,  Mich.
         E. album, L., Muhl., and Pursh.
hyssopifo-
hum. 
SYNGENESIA,  J1QUALIS.
99
             Glandulous Hemp-weed.

  Under two feet high.  Flowers white. In Jersey, near bogs,
common. Perennial. August, October.


4. E. leaves sessile,  distinct, oblong-lanceolate, lanceoiatum.
  scabrous,  deeply serrate;  calicine  scales of a
  uniform colour.—Willd. and Pursh.


             Spear-leaved Hemp-weed.

  This species so much resembles No. 3, that it may easily be
confounded with  it on a hasty view.  About the same size;
flowers white.  On the borders of fields and woods in Jersey,
every where common. Perennial. August till November.

5. E. leaves sessile, distinct, ovate, scabrous; up- teucnfoiium.
  per ones deeply serrated at the base, those at
  the top quite entire.— Willd.
Not E.  verbensefolium,  of Mich, as Pursh sup-
  poses.
E. pilosum, Walt.?


          Germander-leaved Hemp-weed.

  About two feet high, not unlike the two preceding.  Flow-
ers white. In Jersey, with  No. 3, and No. 4, common. Peren-
nial.  August to October.

6. E.  leaves sessile,  distinct,  subrotund-cordate, rotundifo-
  obtuse, serrate, veined; calicine scales acumi-l,um'
  nate___Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Pluk. aim.  t. 88. f. 4.


           Roundish-leaved Hemp-weed.

  Eighteen inches high. Flowers white. In Jersey near Wood-
bury, in swampy grounds;  rare.  Perennial. August to No-
vember.


7. E. leaves petiolate,  ovate, somewhat obtuse, meUssioides,
  serrate, veined, smoothish.—Willd. 
100
SYNGENESIA, jEQUALIS.
                     Balm-leaved Hemp-weed.
           About one or two feet high.  Flowers white.  Leaves resem-
         ble those of common balm.  In hedges and borders of sandy
         fields of Jersey, every where common. Perennial. August, Oc-
         tober.

ageratoides.  8. E.  leaves petiolate,  ovate-acuminate,  three-
           nerved,  unequal and  deeply serrate, glabrous;
           corymb many-flowered, divaricate;  calices sub-
           simple.— Willd.
         E. ageratoides, L. and Willd.
         E. urticsefolium, Mich.
         Ageratum altissimum, Sp. PI. ed.  2d. p. 1176.
           Icon. Morris. Hist. 3. s. 7. t. 18. f.  11.

           Two or two and a half feet high. Flowers very white. Easi-
         ly known from other species.  In thickets a little east of the
         Woodlands, and along the course of the Schuylkill; common.
         Perennial. August, October.

trifoiiatum.  9. E. leaves petiolate, in three's or four's, ovate,
           attenuated at each end, serrate, somewhat sca-
           brous.— Willd.
         E. trifoiiatum, WiUd., not L.

                     Three-leaved Hemp-weed.
           From four to five feet high,  unbranched. Flowers reddish-
         purple.   On the banks of our  waters, in  watery thickets and
         meadows, not uncommon. This and No.  10, resembles each
         other.   Perennial.  August, September.

purpmeum.  10.  E. leaves  petiolate, in four's or five's, ovate-
           lanceolate,  serrate,  rugose-veined, somewhat
           scabrous; stem fistulous.— Willd.
         E. purpurea,  L.
         Not. E. purpureum, Mich.
           Icon. Rob. ic. 217. Corn. Canad. t. 72. (Pursh.)
         Morris.  Hist. 3. s. 7. t.  13.  f.  4.  Dod. Mem. t.
         217. (Pursh.)

                   Hollow-stemmed Hemp-weed.
           From five to six or seven feet high. Stem hollow, by which
         mark it  can be always known.  Flowers dark reddish-purple. 
           SYNGENESIA, .KQUALIS.                 101

In watery thickets and  near swamps; common.  Perennial.
August, September.

11. E. leaves petiolate, in four's or five's, ovate-macu,atum-
  lanceolate,  unequally  serrate,  pubescent be-
  neath; stern solid, furrowed.—Willd.
     Icon. Herm. Parad. t. 158. (Pursh.) Morris.
  Hist. 3. s.  7. t. 18.

              Maculated Hemp-weed.
  Resembles No. 10, somewhat, but is not so tall.  Flowers
purple.  In  swampy thickets near the Buck-inn on the Lan-
caster turnpike, and in similar situations near Frankford. Rare.
Perennial.  August, September.

12. E. leaves petiolate, in three's or four's, ovate- verticiiktum.
  lanceolate, cuneate at the  base, unequally ser-
  rate  and  smoothish;   stem solid, smooth.—
  Willd.
E.  verticillatum, Willd. and Muhl.
E.  purpureum, Mich.
E.  trifoiiatum, L. ?

            Whorled-leaved Hemp-weed.
  Near six feet high. Flowers purple.  It resembles No. 10,
exceedingly, but differs in its solid stem and smooth leaves.
In  similar places with  No. 10; common.  Perennial.   July,
September.

13. E. leaves sessile, sub-Ianceolate-oval, acute, ^1,ensefoli-
  somewhat obtuse, cut-dentate, roughish, pubes-
  cent ; calices pubescent, awnless, 5-flowered.—
  Mich.
E. verbensefolium, Mich.

            Vervain-leaved Hemp-weed.
  About two feet high. Flowers white. On the edges of open
woods in Jersey, not unfrequent.  Perennial.  August.

14. E. leaves connate, perfoliate, oblong, narrow perfoiiawm,
  above, serrate, rough, tomentose beneath; stem
  villous.—WiUd. and Pursh.
     vol. u.              10 
102                 SYNGENESIA, iKQl'ALIS.

         E. connatum, Mich.
           Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 87. f. 6.


          Bone-set.   Thorough-wort.  Cross-wort.  Indian
                               Sage.

          A very important plant, on account of its valuable medicinal
         virtues.  (See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) From fifteen inches to
         three  feet high.  Whole plant of  a grey aspect.  Leaves
         united at their base : the stem appearing to go through them.
         Flowers white, rarely purple. It is not improbable that some
         other species of this large genus, will be foundpossessed of me-
         dicinal virtues like the present.  In swamps,  bogs, and wet
         meadows, in Jersey, and Pennsylvania side of the Delaware,
         very common and abundant. Perennial. August till October.


          311. M1KANIA. Willd. Sp. pi. 3. p. 1142. (Corymbiferx.)

         Calix 4 or 6-leaved, equal, 4  or 6-flowered.

               Receptacle naked.  Pappus pilous.


scandens.   j.  ]yi. stem scandent, smooth; leaves  cordate, re-
           pand-dentate, acuminate; lobes divaricate, un-
           equal ;  flowers corymbose.— Willd.
         Eupatorium scandens, Sp. PI. 1171.
           Icon. Jacqu. ic. rar. 1.  t. 169. (Pursh.)  Pluk.
         aim.  t.  163. f.  3.


                        Climbing Mikania.

           A climbing plant, resembling in its flowers, which are white,
         an Eupatorium.   On the stone-wall and in thickets on the
         bank of the  Delaware, between Kaighn's point and the next
         ferry below, Jersey.  Perennial. July, August.

               312.  CACALIA. Gen.pl. 1275. (Corymbiferx.)

          Calix  cylindric,  oblong, the base only some
            what caliculate.  Receptacle  naked.  Pap-
            pus pilous.


 atripiicifoni. 1. C. stem herbaceous; leaves petiolate, glabrous,
            glaucous beneath; radical ones cordate-dentate,
            those of the stem  rhomboid, every where sub- 
         POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.

  dentate; flowers corymbose, erect; calices  5-
  flowered.—Willd. and Pursh.
C. glauca, Muhl.
  Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 101.  f. 1.


              Orach-leaved Cacalia.

  From two to five feet high. Lower leaves very large; all the
leaves as well as the stem, bluish or glaucous beneath.  Flow-
ers white, inodorous.  On the high banks of the Wissahickon,
and in the woods above the falls of Schuylkill, west side; rare.
Perennial. August.

                       m              Jlw


  ORDER II.  POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA.


(Florets of the disk bisexual, of the ray feminine;
                   all fertile.)

      § 1. Florets discoid; those of the ray obsolete.

   '  311. TANACETUM. Gen. pi. 1280. (Corymbiferx.)

Calix imbricated,  hemispherical, scales  acu-

   minated.   Rays of the  corolla  obsolete,
   trifid.  Receptacle  naked.  Pappus  sub-

   marginate.—-Nutt.

1. T. leaves bipinnate, incised, serrate.— Willd.
   Icon.  Oed. Dan. 871.


                     Tansey.

  Common tansey is often met with on the edges of fields, and
on road-sides, with the appearance of growing wild. In these
places it is completely naturalized. Well-known in domestic
medicine as a tisan. Leaves deep green. Flowers bright yel-
low.  Perennial. July.

     314. GNAPIIALIUM. Gen.pl. 1282. (Corymbiferx.)

Calix imbricated,  marginal scales rounded,

   scariose, shining and coloured. Radii none;

   feminine florets marginal,  entire, mostly nu- 
104
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
            merous. Receptacle naked. Pappus pilous,
            or scabrous.—Nutt.

margarita-  1. G. herbaceous; leaves linear-lanceolate,  gra-
           dually narrowed, acute; stem branched above;
           corymb  fastigiate; flowers pedicellate.—Willd.
           and Pursh.
              Icon. Eng. Bot. 2018.

         Life-everlasting.  Dead-mail's Flonver. Coffin-plant.
           A fine aromatic plant, with a most agreeable odour.  From
         one foot to eighteen inches high. Whole plant whitish. Flow-
         ers white, with a yellow disk, larger than in any of the suc-
         ceeding species.  In old fields, on road-sides and commons;
         every where abundant.  The flowers are smoaked through
         pipes in Lancaster county, to cure the tooth-ach. Perennial.
         August, October.

         2. G.sarments procumbent; stem very simple; ra-
           dical  leaves ovate, nerved, mucronate; corymb
           contracted; flowers dioicous; interior calicine
           scales elongated,  somewhat acute, coloured.—
           WiUd.
         G. plantaginifolium, L.
           Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 348. f. 9.

                     Plantane-leaved Cudweed.
           About six inches or a  foot high. Radical leaves broad, re-
         sembling somewhat those of common plantane. Flowers white.
         Whole plant more or less covered with white down.  In woods
         and on hills, every where common. Perennial. May, July.

.noicum.    3. G. sarments procumbent;  stem very simple;
           radical  leaves spathulate;  corymb coarctate;
           flowers  dioicous;  interior calicine scales elon-
           gated, obtuse, coloured.— Willd.

           About  five  or seven inches high ; very greyish.  Flowers
         white. In commons, every where common.  Perennial.  July.

pmnsyivani- 4. G. herbaceous; leaves obovate-lanceolate, acute,
           glabrous  above, tomentose beneath, margin pu-
           bescent; flowers subsessile,  axillary and termi-
           nal, crowded. B.
plantagi-
neum. 
          POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.                105

G. Pennsylvanicum, Muhl.

  About ten inches high. Flowers white. On grassy commons
near Woodbury and Frankford, and on the Darby road.  An-
nual. July.

5. G. herbaceous, erect;  leaves linear-lanceolate. poiycepi.a-
  acute,  glabrous above,  pubescent underneath;
  stem paniculate, tomentose;  corymbs terminal,
  coarctate.—Mich, and Pursh.
G. obtusifblium,  "Willd.

  About six or seven inches high. Diffuse and branched. On
the commons, west of the city; abundant. Annual. August.

G. G. herbaceous;  leaves  linear-spathulate,  to- p»rpmeum,
   mcntose  beneath;  stem erect,  very  simple;
   flowers sessile, glomerate, terminal and axillary.
  —WiUd.
     Icon. Dill. elth. t. 109. f.  132. (Pursh.)

  About a foot high. Flowers and calices dingy purple.  This
species grows very large and luxuriantly on the Chickisalunga
rocks, on the Susquehanna, and it is  there a very  handsome
plant.  It is not very common in this vicinity, and seldom ex-
ceeds six or eight inches in height.   In Jersey, near Wood-
bury, on the borders of woods.  Perennial.  July, October.

7.  G. stem herbaceous, branched, diffuse, woolly; uiiginosum.
   leaves linear-lanceolate, narrowed at each end,
   tomentose; flowers terminal, congest.—WiUd.
     Icon. Fl. Dan. 859.

  About ten or twelve  inches high, whole plant very white.
Flowers small, white, inclining to yellow; calices first yellow-
ish, afterwards brown.  In dry ditches and other places that
have been covered with water.  On  the road to Lemon-hilL
On the banks of the Schuylkill and on our commons, west of
the city, not unfrequent Annual.  August, September.

 8.   G.  herbaceous;  stem  erect,  dichotomous; Germani-
   leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, tomentose; flow-cum*
   ers globose-capitate.—WiUd.
 Filago Gennanica, Sp. PI.  1311.
   Icon. Fl. Dan. 997. Engl. Bot. 946.
                         10* 
106                 POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.

           About six or ten inches high, easily recognized by its di-
         chotomous habit, which is constant.  Flowers white, calices
         pale-yellow.   This species  is extremely  common in  the
         neighbourhood of Washington, (Columbia,) all through .Ma-
         ryland, and from York-town  to the Susquehanna.  Hence I
         conclude it is a native.  In  this vicinity it is rare. On the
         road to Chester, scarce.  Annual.   July, August.

               315. ERIGERON. Gen. pi. 1287. (Corymbiferx.)

         Calix imbricated, sub-hemispherical, in fruit
            often reflected.  Rays of the corolla linear,
            very  narrow,  and  numerous.   Receptacle
            naked.   Pappus double, exterior minute,
            interior pilous, of few rays. (12 to 25?)—
            Nutt.

beiiidifoiium. i. E. hirsute, hoary; radical leaves obovate, sub-
            serrate : stem leaves few,  distant, lanceolate,
            very entire; stem about 3-flowered; rays elon-
            gated.— Willd. and Pursh.
         E. beiiidifoiium, Mich., Muhl., and Pursh.
         E. Serpentaria, Herb. Banks. Mss. (Pursh.)
         E. pulchellum, Mich.
         E. caule simplicissimo, &c. Gron.


                      Poor  Robert's Plantane.

           From eighteen inches to two feet high.  Flowers (rays) pale-
         purple. I have understood through Mr. Heckewelder, (who
         described  the plant minutely) that this is one of the vegeta-
         ble cures among the Indians, for the bite of the rattle-snake.
         Hence perhaps the name by which it stands in the herbarium
         of Sir Joseph Banks, as quoted  above.  Though the name
         Poor Robert's Plantane is sometimes applied to Hieracium ve-
         nosum, yet the plant now under notice is much more com-
         monly recognized by that appellation.. As its congener Erige-
         ron Philadelphicum, and E. heterophyllum are  possessed of
         active medicinal virtues, it is  not unlikely that the remediate
         powers attributed to this species  by the Indians, are worthy
         of attention. In shady woods and especially on hills, common.
         Perennial.  June, July.


pi.iiaiieiphi-  2. E. pubescent; leaves  cuneate-oblong, rarely cut-
            dentate, those of  the stem semi-amplexicaule; 
          POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.                107

  stem weak, simple,  corymbose  above;  pedun-
  cles  elongated,  one-flowered;  rays  capillary,
  twice the length of  the  hemispherical calix.—
  Willd., Mich., and Pursh.
     Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med.  Lr. S. vol. 1. t.
  20.


        Scabious.  Philadelphia Flea-bane.

  From two to three feet high.  Flowers white or pale blue.
Possesses medicinal virtues, and  on this account is  valuable.
(See Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In cultivated fields, every where
in the greatest profusion. Perennial  August, September.

3. E. radical leaves subrotund-ovate, deeply den- heierophyi-
  • tate, petiolate;  those  of the  stem  lanceolate-
  acute, serrate in the middle; corymb terminal.
  —Willd. Sp. PI.  3. p. 1956.
Aster  annuus, L. and Willd. Sp. PI. 3.  p. 2041.
  Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U.  S. vol. 1.  t. 21.


    Sweet Scabious.   Various-leaved  Flea-bane.

  This  species resembles No. 2, somewhat, in flowers and
habit.   It differs  however, strikingly, in its leaves, especially
the  lower and radical ones.  The general likeness of one to
the  other, has caused  them  to be collected promiscuously for
medicinal purposes; thus accidentally leading me to ascertain
that this species is medicinal, like the preceding.  (See Veg.
Mat. Med. U. S.)  About three  feet high.  Flowers purplish
(rays).   In cultivated fields with No. 2, but not so abundant.
Along water-courses, among grass; frequent. Biennial. June,
August.

4. E. stem hispid-paniculate, very much branch- canademe.
  cd;  leaves lanceolate-linear, ciliate; calices cy-
  lindrical, rays   crowded, very   short.— Willd.
  and Pursh.
     Icon. Trans.  Physico-Medical Society, New-
  York, vol. l.p.  49.

  This  is one of the most noxious weeds of our country, and
has  perhaps been introduced.  It  varies from six inches to four
feet in height. The smallest  variety Mr.  Nuttall considers a
distinct species—for the present I add it below as a variety 
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
         adopting his characters. But as 1 have so repeatedly found it in
         all the grades of stature from two or three inches up to four
         feet, I am rather inclined to suspect that it is a polymorphous
         plant, assuming all those different sizes and shapes, from the
         influence of situation, soil,  &.c.  It appears to be possessed of
         medicinal properties.  (See a paper in the Transactions of the
         New-York  Physico-Medical Society, by Dr. De I'm, vol. 1, p.
         49, accompanied with a good figure.) In cultivated fields, on
         commons, road-sides, and particularly on the borders of brick-
         ponds, every where, unfortunately, in profusion. Annual. AH
         summer.


pputiitum.  erect,  low  and  slender;  stem  smooth;  panicle
           nearly  simple; peduncles almost naked,  filiform
           and divaricate; leaves lanceolate-linear, all en-
           tire, margin scabrous; discal  florets 4-cleft.



                316. INULA.  Gen. pi. 1295. (Corymbiferx.)

         Calix squarrose  or imbricate.   Rays of the
           corolla numerous,  yellow.  Anthers each

           bisetose  at the base.   Receptacle naked.
           Pappus simple.—Nutt.


raariaoa.   i. I. villose; leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, at-
           tenuated at the base, obtuse, glandular-denticu-
           late ; lower  ones petiolate, serrate; peduncles
           axillary, corymbose, glandular, hairy.—WiUd.
           and Pursh.
         I. glandulosa, Lamark.
           Icon. Mill. diet. ic. t. 57.


                   Wild Elecampane.  Yellow-aster.

           From six to fifteen inches high. Flowers large, yellow.  In
         woods and  on  road-sides, where the soil is arid or sandy;
         every where common. Perennial. August, October.

Heienium.  2. I. leaves amplexicaule,  ovate, rough,  tomen-
           .tose beneath ; calix with ovate scales.— Willd.
              Icon. Fl. Dan. 728. Engl. Bot. 1546. Wood-
           ville's  Med. Bot. vol. 2. t. 108. 
          POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.                109

                  Elecampane.

  This well-known plant, is becoming naturalized in this vici-
nity, as it has long been in different parts of the United States.
I have found it in many places in Jersey, Pennsylvania, Mary-
land, and Virginia, with every appearance of being a native
plant.  On  the borders of fields, near the Buck Inn, on the
Lancaster road. In Jersey near Woodbury, and on the Botanic-
garden-ground of the University of Pennsylvania;  rare.  Pos-
sesses medicinal properties and  has been much esteemed by
physicians.   (See Woodville.) At present its use is confined
to  domestic practice.—Plant three or four-feet high, leaves
very large and rough.  Flowers  also large and globose.  Pe-
rennial.  July, August.


      317. ASTER. Gen.pi. 1291. (Corymbiferx.)

Calix  imbricated, the lower scales partly fo-
   liaceous and often spreading.   Radial flo-
   rets  generally more than 10, rarely fewer,
   violaceous or  white.   Receptacle  naked.
   Pappus simple, pilous.—Nutt.


 1. A. leaves linear-lanceolate, obsoletely 3-nerved, ^deasf'
   very  entire,  obtuse, rough  on  the  margin;
   branches corymbose-fastigiate; flowers sessile,
   crowded; ray 5-flowered; calices imbricated,
   shorter than  the disk;  scales oblong, obtuse,
   adpressed,  somewhat reflexed at the  apex.—
   WiUd.  and  Pursh.
A. Solidaginoides, Willd. and Muhl.
A. Solidagineus, Mich.
A. Dracunculoides, Lamark?
Conza linifolia, L. and Walt.
   Icon. Pluk. aim. t.  79. f. 2.

    White-topped Star-wort.  Golden-rod Aster.

  About  fifteen or eighteen inches high. Flowers white.  In
Jersey, on the borders of open woods; in similar places west
of the Delaware ; common.  Perennial.  July, August.

2.  A. leaves oblong, 3-nerved, narrow at the base, conyzoides.
   acute;  upper  ones sessile, very entire;  lower 
110                POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.

           ones petiolate, serrate; stcm simple, corymbose
           at the top; calices cylindrical, squarrose ; rays
           5, short.— Willd. and Pursh.
         A. Marylandicus, Mich.
         Conyza Asteroides, Sp. PI. 1206.

                         Plowmans'-wort.
           Resembles No. 1, somewhat in habit, but may be easily dis-
         tinguished by the difference  in the leaves, they being much
         broader in the present plant.  Flowers  white.  In similar
         places with No. 1;  common.   Perennial. August, September.

linaiiifoiiui.  3. A. leaves linear, mucronate, without nerves and
           without dots, carinated, rough and stiff; bran-
           ches recurved ;  stem sub-decumbent; branches
           fastigiate, 1-flowered;  calices  imbricate, the
           length of the  disk.—Willd. Ait. and Pursh.
         A. squarrosus, Herb. Banks. Mss. (Pursh.)

                     Savoury-leaved Star-wort.
           From ten to twelves inches high.  Leaves narrow and stiff.
         Flowers pale-blue.  On the edges of sandy woods in Jersey,
         abundant.  Perennial.   August, October.

cricoide..   4. A. leaves linear, very smooth, those  of the
           branches subulate, close together ;  those of the
           stem  elongated;  calices subsquarrose;  folioles
           acute; stem glabrous.—WiUd.

                        Heath-leaved Aster.
           This is by far the commonest species in this vicinity, grow-
         ing every where on barren  ground, even among  the turn-
         pike stones, and along the edges of fences.   It is diffuse or
         spreading.  Flowers small, white.  Perennial. All summer.

concoior.   5. A. leaves oblong-lanceolate, covered all over
           with  a white pubescence; stem quite  simple,
           erect, pubescent;  raceme terminal; calices im-
           bricated; scales lanceolate, silky,  adpressed.—
           WiUd.
                         Soft-leaved Aster.
           A very elegant species, well worthy of cultivation in gar-
         dens.  I have transplanted it into my garden where it thrived 
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
Ill
exceedingly well.  Flowers deep-purple.  Leaves soft, small.
In Jersey, along the edges of woods towards Woodbury, and
immediately near that village, abundant.  I have not found it
west of the Delaware. Perennial. August, September.

6. A.  leaves lanceolate, attenuated at the  base, umMiatus.
  acuminate; rough on  the margin; stem simple,
  corymbose-fastigiate at the top;  calices loosely
  imbricated; scales lanceolate-obtuse—Lamark.
A. umbellatus, Ait. and  Muhl.
A. amygdalinus, Mich., Lamark, and Pursh.

           Umbelled-flowered Star-wort.
  From  two, to three and a half feet high. Flowers large,
white.  Leaves remarkably dry, and become brittle if not pre-
pared for the herbarium with care.   In the boggy ground of
the  Woodlands, close to the Darby road.  In a swamp near
Woodbury.  Rare. Perennial. September.

7. A.  leaves  ovate-oblong, acute, amplexicaule, ampiexicau-
  cordate,  serrate;  stem  paniculate,  glabrous; hs"
  branches 1-2-flowered;  calicine scales lanceo-
  late, closely imbricated.—Willd. and Pursh.
A. amplexicaulis, Willd., not Mich.
A. cyanseus, var. y, according to Muhl.
A. Pennsylvanicus, Lamark?

 About three feet high. Flowers blue. On the edges of woods
and thickets; not uncommon. Perennial.  August, Septem-
ber.

8. A. leaves linear-lanceolate, nearly entire,  gla- sniicifoiius.
  brous ; stem smooth,  panicled at the top; calices
  loose, imbricated; scales acute, spreading; open-
  ing at the apex.— Willd.  and Pursh.
A. prsealtus, Lamark.
  Icon. Rob. ic.  307. (Pursh.)

               Willow-leaved Aster.
  From three to five feet high. Leaves resembling exceeding-
ly those of the willow tree. Flowers blue or reddish-blue.  On
the  margins of ditches and  in boggy thickets; rare. Near a 
112
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
         ditch about a quarter of a mile down Eighth-street, below the
         hospital, abundant. Perennial. August.

        '9. A. leaves lanceolate, amplexicaule, very entire,
            auriculated at the base; stem paniculate, hairy;
            branches about one-flowered;  calicine  scales
            loose, lanceolate, equal to the disk.— Willd.
         A. spurius, Willd.
         A. rubricaulis, Lamark.
         A. novae anglia?., /3. Ait.

                          Spurious Aster.
           Near three feet high.  Stem very hairy, reddish.  Flowers
         reddish-purple, handsome.  Near swamps and watery thick-
         ets in Jersey near Woodbury, rare.  Perennial.  September,
         October.
Phiogifoiius. jo. a. leaves  lanceolate, cordate,  amplexicaule,
            pubescent beneath, rough on the margin; stem
            very simple, pubescent; panicle terminal,  loose,
            few-flowered; calicine scales loose, imbricated,
            lanceolate.—Willd. and Pursh.
         A. phiogifoiius, Muhl.
         A. amplexicaulis, Mich.

                        Phlox-leaved Aster.
           A very elegant species, with leaves resembling some spe-
         cies of Phlox. From two to three feet high. Flowers fine vio-
         let-blue.  In thickets among large autumnal plants,  and in
         woods, not uncommon. Perennial.  August, September.
unduiatus.   11. A. leaves  oblong, cordate, amplexicaule, en-
            tire, hairy,  somewhat waved; lower ones ovate,
            cordate, subserrate, petiolate; petioles winged;
            stem paniculate, hispid ;  branches leaning one
            way,  leafy, one-flowered.— Willd.
         A. undulatus, L., not of Ait.
         A. amplexicaulis, var. /3. Mich.
           Herm. parad. 96. (Pursh.) Icon. Hoff. Phyt. 1.
         t. c. f. 1.

                       Waved-stemmed Aster.
           About two feet high. Flo\v»rs violet. In similar places with
         No. 10. Perennial. August.
\
  jpurius. 
POLYGAMIA, STJPERFLUA.
113
 12. A. leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  ciliate,  cordate, patens.
   amplexicaule, every where rough, hairy; stem
   branched, hairy;  branches  spreading, elonga-
   ted, few-flowered, with small leaves;  calicine
   scales  imbricated,  lanceolate,   spreading.—
   Willd. and Pursh.
 A. patens, Willd. and Pers.
 A. diversifolius, Mich.
 A. undulatus, /3., Ait.


         Spreading or various-leaved Aster.

   A very fine species,  blooming with a profusion  of flowers
 for a long time.  From six inches to four feet high.  Lower-
 leaves panduriform, all of them of a  greyish-green.  The
 plant when vigorous is very much branched or bushy.  Flow-
 ers small, pale-blue or purple.  In the woods of Jersey this
 species is found, at the roots of trees, flowering with a simple
 stem scarce six inches high.  In more favourable situations
 it becomes as large  as above described.  I have cultivated it
 in my garden, and found it a hardy, showy, perennial, con-
 tinuing in full flower for two months. It is therefore deserv-
 ing of cultivation.  In woods and thickets, every where com-
 mon.  Perennial. September till November.


 13.  A. leaves ovate-lanceolate, sub-serrate, petio- paniculate.
   late, glabrous; those at the root ovate-cordate,
   serrate, rough, petiolate : petioles naked; stem
   very much branched, glabrous, small: branches
   hairy; calices loose, nearly imbricated.—Willd.
     Icon. Corn. Canad. 65. (Pursh.)


                  Panicled Aster.

  A well-marked species, from eighteen inches to four feet
high. Flowers reddish and white, small, numerous, not hand-
some.  In thickets, but scarce; seems to like a mosit soil. Pe-
rennial.  August, September.


14. A.  leaves cordate, hairy beneath,  narrowly coniifoiius.
   serrate, petiolate:  petioles winged; stem pani-
   culate, somewhat smooth :  panicle divaricate;
   calices loose, somewhat imbricated.—WiUd.&nd
   Pursh.
A. cordifolius, L., Mich., and Pursh.
   VOL. II.                 11 
114
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
                          Heart-leaved Aster.
            From one to three feet high.  Flowers pale-blue or violet;
          sometimes whitish.  In woods and thickets, common. Peren-
          nial.  August.
            In Muhlenberg's Catalogue, this Aster stands synonymous
          with A. heterophyllus of Willd.—perhaps heterophyllus of
          his JMss. or Enumeratio—the heterophyllus of his species plan-
          tarum, being given on the authority of Thunberg,  from the
          Cape of Good Hope.

corymbose.  15.  a. leaves ovate, narrowly serrate, acuminate,
            somewhat smooth; lower ones  cordate, petio-
            late : petioles naked ; stem smooth, corymbose-
            fastigiate ;  branches hairy; calices oblong, im-
            bricated;  scales  obtuse, closely  adpressed.—
            WiUd. and Piirsh.
          A. corymbosus, Ait.

                      Corymbous-flowered Aster.
           From fourteen inches to two feet high. Flowers white, in a
          large corymb.  On the shaded rocks bordering the  Schuyl-
          kill ; in shaded woods and thickets, every where common.
          Perennial. July.

,i. aiatus.    leaves deeply  and sharply  serrated, long-acumi-
            nate; petioles with broad wings. B.
          A. corymbosus, & aiatus, Bart. Prod. Fl.  Ph.

           This is  a permanent variety of the preceding, which I have
          constantly observed, not  only in  this vicinity, but in other
          parts of the United States.  Grows with No. 15.  July.

comifoiiui.   16. A. smooth;  leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate,
            on short  petioles,  margin rough;  stem gla-
            brous ; panicle few-flowered;  branches 2-flow-
            ered; calices somewhat imbricated.—WiUd.
          A. Cornifolius, Muhl.

                       Dogwood-leaved Aster.
           A very  strongly characterized species, with leaves resem-
          bling those of Dogwood. It is one of the most common
         species all through Maryland, where it attains a height of four
         feet.  In this vicinity it is very rare, and I have not met with
         it above two feet high. Flowers white, large.  In the thickets
          a little west of M'Mahon's Garden, and in those four miles
          above the falls of the Schuylkill;  scarce. Perennial. August,
          September. 
POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.
115
17. A. leaves ovate, petiolate, serrate, rough; up- macro»hyi.
  per ones ovate, cordate, sessile, lower ones cor-
  date  petiolate:  petioles  s ub margin ate; stem
  branched, diffuse; calices cylindric,  narrowly
  imbricated; scales  oblong, acute.—WiUd.  and
  Pursh.

               Large-leaved Aster.

  About twelve or fifteen inches high. Flowers bluish. In the
shady woods above the falls of Schuylkill, west side, abundant.
Perennial. September.

18. A. leaves amplexicaule, lanceolate,  serrate, puniceus.
   roughish;  branches paniculate;  calices  loose,
   exceeding  the disk; folioles linear-lanceolate,
   nearly equal;  stem hispid.—Willd.
A.  puniceus, L.
A.  hispidus, Lamark.
   Icon. Herm. Lugdb. 651. (Pursh.)

                 Red-stalked Aster.

  From one to four feet high.  Stem red, very hispid. Flow-
ers large, blue. A fine species deserving of cultivation.  In all
the swamps and watery thickets of our neighbourhood, and on
the margins of cftir waters; common.  Perennial. September,
October.

19. A. leaves subamplexicaule,  remote,  oblong, i*vis.
   very entire, shining;  radical ones subserrate;
   branches  simple, one-flowered;  calices  imbri-
   cated ; folioles subcuneiform,  acute, thickest at
   the apex; stem glabrous, angular.—WiUd. and
   Pursh.

                   Smooth Aster.

  A pretty and well-marked  species, with  simple upright
stems  three  or three and a half feet high.  Flowers bluish-
purple  In thickets about half a mile south-east of the Buck-
inn on the Lancaster road. Rare. Perennial. September. 
116                 POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.

miser.     £q.  a. leaves  sessile, lanceolate,  serrate, gla-
           brous ;  calices imbricated, folioles  acute; disk
           and rays equal; stem somewhat villous.— Willd.


                Small flowered Aster.   Small Aster.

           A small species, seldom above a foot high, and often but
         six inches.   Flowers yellowish-white.  This plant is nearly
         allied in aspect to small specimens of Solidago latifolia.  In
         the  damp woods near Woodbury;  rare.  Perennial.  Sep-
         tember.

penduim.   21.  A.  leaves elliptic-lanceolate, serrated, gla-
           brous :  those of the branches somewhat remote;
           branches very divaricate, pendulous;  stem pu-
           bescent.—Willd.


                          Drooping Aster.

           A bushy species of no great height, the branches pendulous;
         flowers white, turning brown after a few days. In thickets,
         common.  Perennial.  October, November.

divergens.   £2.  A.  leaves  elliptic-lanceolate,  serrate, gla-
           brous :  those of the stem linear-lanceolate, elon-
           gated;   branches  open; calices  imbricated;
           stem pubescent.—WiUd.


                         Diverging Aster.

           About two or three feet high. Flowers small, rays white,
         disk reddish-brown.  In thickets, not rare.  Perennial. Sep-
         tember, November.

 iHu<us.    23. A. leaves elliptic-lanceolate, serrate, glabrous,
           proportionate; branches open;  calices  imbri-
           cated ; stem pubescent.—Willd.


                         Red-flowered Aster.

           Resembles No. 22, very much.  Flowers small,  white, with
         a reddish disk. In similar places with the preceding.  Peren-
         nial. September till November. 
              POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.                J17

    24.  A. leaves lanceolate, somewhat scabrous, sub- spectawus.
      amplexicaule; lower ones serrate  in  the  mid-
      dle;  branches corymbous;  calicine folioles
      loose,  leafy,  sub-cuneiform,  somewhat  acute;
      squarrose,,—Willd.

                      Showy Aster.
      From two to three feet high.  Flowers large, blue.   In
    Jersey near Woodbury; rare.  Perennial. August, October.

    25.  A. leaves linear, smoothish;  stem very much muitiflonw.
      branched, diffused, pubescent:  branches lean-
      ing one way;  calices  imbricated; scales oblong,
      squarrose, acute.— Willd.
         Icon. Dill. elth. t.  36. f. 40. (Pursh.)

                  Many-flowered Aster.
      A  very  common  species, resembling No. 4, somewhat.
    Flowers middle size, white,  rarely pale-blue.  In old fields
*   and on grassy way-sides, every where very common.  Peren-
    nial.   September.

    leaves  ciliate, those of the stem linear-lanceolate, £.«&««*•
      nerved—of the branches very short, lanceolate,
      3-nerved ; stem branched, pubescent;  branches
      paniculate; calices imbricated; scales spathu-
      late, squarrose.—Willd.

                  Fringed-leaved  Aster.
     Closely allied to the preceding, but easily known from it by
    the above characters. Grows with it, but very rare. Septem-
    ber.

    26.  A. leaves linear, or linear-lanceolate, obso- ftagiiis.
      letely  and sparingly serrated  in the  middle: *tenutculu*
      branches weak; calices imbricated; folioles lan-
      ceolate-acute,  margined. B.
    A. tenuiculus, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph. p. 81.
                           11* 
118
POLYGAMIA,  SITPERFLUA.
           About one or two feet high. Very slender and weak. Flow-
         ers white, rather small.  In swampy thickets, not uncommon.
         Perennial. August.

iediroiim.   27. A. leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated  at the
           base,  nerveless,   scabrous, margin revolute;
           branches corymbose;  branchlets filiform,  one-
           flowered, somewhat naked; calices loose, im-
           bricated, twice as short as the disk; folioles very
           acute; ray sub-20-flowered.—Pursh.
         A. salsuginosus, Bart. Prod.  Fl. Ph.

           Fifteen  inches high.  In the swamps of Jersey, near Wood-
         bury; rare. Perennial. July.

tenuifoiius.  gg. A. leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuated at each
           end,  hispid on the  margin;  stem glabrous,
           branched,erect; branchlets one-flowered; cali-
           ces  imbricated,  scales  oblong-acute,  loose.—
           WiUd.
         A. Philadelphia, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph.

           From one to two feet high. In neglected fields. August. Re-
         sembles No. 4 and No. 25, but very distinct.  It appears to me
         to be a variety of A. Tiadescanti.  But in reality this polymor-
         phous genus is so deceptive, that it is not improbable 4, 25 and
         this No. will turn out to be little else than anomalous varie-
         ties  of  one species. The same observation applies to many
         other species, which I have enumerated above, though I give
         them the places usually assigned to them in the books. Close
         attention to the cultivation of the 79 species  of this  elegant
         genus, and their enumerated varieties, would in  all proba-
         bility result in a reduction of the species to one half that num-
         ber.

              318. SOLIDAGO. Gen. pi. 1292. (Corymbiferx.)

         Calix  imbricated, scales  closed.  Radical
           florets about 5, yellow.  Receptacle naked,
           punctate.   Pappus simple, pilose.

canadensis.  \t s. stem villous; leaves lanceolate, serrated, three-
           nerved, rough; racemes paniculated, leaning one
           way, recurved;  ligulse short.— WiUd.
             Icon.  Pluk. aim. t. 263. f. 1. 
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
U9
            Three-nerved Golden-rod.

  This is one of the finest  species of this handsome genus.
From two to five feet high.  Flowers in this as in all the suc-
ceeding species, except No. 10, are yellow.  On the borders
of fields, and in natural hedges, every where common.  Pe-
rennial.  July till September.

2. S. stem erect, glabrous; leaves lanceolate, ser- gisantea.
   rate, with a scabrous margin, obsoletely three-
   nerved ;  racemes  panicled, leaning  one  way;
   peduncles hairy;  ligulse short.—Willd.


                Large Golden-rod.

  A species resembling No.  1, very closely.  It grows in simi-
lar places.  Also a fine plant.  Perennial. July till September.

3. S. stem erect, terete, hairy; leaves  ovate, sub- »spera.
   elliptical, very scabrous, rugose, serrate, with-
   out nerves  ;  racemes paniculate,  leaning  one
   way.—Willd.
     Icon. Dill. elth. t. 305. f. 392. (Pursh.)


                Rough Golden-rod.

  From two to three feet high.  Not a handsome species, and
easily known by its rough, rugose leaves.  In old fields and
natural hedges,  not common.  Perennial.  September, Oc-
tober.

4.  S. stem erect, hairy; leaves lanceolate, lower aitissima.
   ones deeply serrated, very scabrous and rugose;
   panicle leaning one way.—WiUd.
     Icon. Mart. Cent.  14. (Pursh.)


                 Tallest Golden-rod.

  A very tall species of which there are two or three varieties.
In thickets, hedges and old fields, common.  Perennial.  Au-
gust, September.

5.  S. stem erect, hairy, furrowed; leaves oblong, s«aHi.
   attenuated  at each  end, acuminated,  glabrous
   above, rugose, scabrous beneath, adpressed-ser-
   rated in the middle; racemes secund.—WiUd. 
120                POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.

                     Scabrous-leaved Golden-rod.

           A handsome and well-marked species, w ith brilliant flowers.
         From eighteen inches to three feet and a half high.  In damp
         places and boggy grounds, not unfrequent. In the lowest
         grounds of Powelton, abundant.  Perennial. August, Sep-
         tember.

pawia.    6. S.  stem erect, glabrous;  leaves elliptical, ser-
            rated, glabrous; those of the root oblong-spathu-
            late; racemes paniculate,  leaning  one  way,
            open or spreading; peduncles pubescent.—WiUd.
         S. patula, Muhl.

                   Spreading-branched Golden-rod.

           From two to three and a half feet high.  Not a handsome
         species.  In hedges, neglected fields and thickets, not un-
         common. Perennial. August, September.

aimitoiia.   7. S. stem  erect, glabrous, striate; leaves  ellipti-
            cal, deeply serrate, acuminate, villous beneath,
            those at the root obovate;  racemes  paniculated;
            peduncles  villous; ligulse short.—WiUd.  and
            Pursh.
         S. ulmifolia,  Muhl.

                       Elm-leaved Golden-rod.

           An ordinary looking species, with leaves somewhat resem-
         bling those of an elm-tree. From fourteen inches to  two and
         a half feet high.  In woods, fields and hedges, and the edges
         of swamps in Jersey, common.  More rare west of the Dela-
         ware. Perennial. August till October.

arguta.    8. S. stem erect, smooth; leaves smooth, finely
            and unequally serrated; those of the stem ellipti-
            cal, of the  root ovate-oblong ; racemes panicu-
            lated, leaning one way; ligulas long.—Mich.


                     Sharp-notched Golden-rod.

           A very handsome and well-characterized species, with the
         leaves finely and irregularly serrated. It is the earliest bloom-
         ing species of the  genus in  this vicinity.  Flowers brilliant.
         Plant from eighteen inches to four feet high.  In  hedges, the
         borders of rivulets, and in meadows, every where common.
         Perennial. Early in July, September. 
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
121
 9. S. stem erect, pubescent;  leaves linear-lanceo- °dora.
    late, very entire, glabrous, rough on the mar-
    gin ; racemes paniculated, leaning one way.—
    Willd.
      Icon. Pluk. aim. 116. f.  6.


                Fragrant Golden-rod.

   This handsome species is well-marked,  and  easily distin-
 guished from other species by its foliage, but more especially
 by its delicious fragrance, somewhat resembling that of anise-
 seed. The whole plant exhales this scent. Possesses medicinal
 virtues. In Jersey, in thickets along the course of the Delaware,
 and not far from the water. Perennial. August, September.

 10. S. stem and leaves elliptical, hairy, lower ones bicoior.
    serrated;  branches leafy:  racemes erect; cali-
    cine  folioles obtuse.—Willd.
      Icon. Pluk. aim. t.  114.  f. 3.


            White-flowered Golden-rod.

   From fourteen  inches to three feet high.  Flowers whitish,
 in long, dense racemes. This species is strikingly dissimilar to
 any of the rest, in its white-rayed flowers. I have rarely seen
 them with even a shade of yellow.  In dry woods, particularly
 on the borders, and on  exposed sunny hills; very common.
 Perennial. August, September.

 11. S. stem tall and smooth, simple or virgately petioians.
   branched; leaves lanceolate, entire, somewhat
   carnose, scabrous on the margin, the lower very
   broad, radical ones subserrate ; racemes termi-
   nal, erect and compound, pubescent; peduncles
   mostly shorter than  the calix; rays elongated,
   about 5 ; seed smooth.—Nutt.
 S.  petiolaris, Willd. and Muhl.
 S.  speciosa, Nutt.
                                               «.
            Late-flowering Golden-rod.

  This elegant species is extremely rare.  It attains a great
height, and is proportionably large in other respects.   I have
found it near seven feet high in Jersey, about a mile  east of
Woodbury.  Flowers large, leaves fleshy. The plant describ- 
122
POLYGAMIA,  SUPERFLUA.
         ed above by Mr. Nuttall, which he says is allied to petiolaris,
         is the real S. petiolaris of* Muhl. and consequently of Willd. It
         is one of the latest flowering species, seldom ever in full
         bloom, till the last of October or beginning of November, and
         continuing a month in flower. In Jersey, near Woodbury, and
         in the woods above the falls of Schuylkill; rare.  Perennial.


lanceoiata.  12.  S.stem hairy, angular, very much branched;
           leaves lanceolate-linear, very entire, somewhat
           erect, 3-5-nerved,  somewhat scabrous;  nerves
           hairy beneath; axills naked ; corymbs terminal,
           fastigiate; branchlets capitate;  ligula? as high
           as the disk.—WiUd. and Pursh.
         S. lanceoiata, var. «., Mich.
         Chrysocoma  graminifolia, L.


                      Spear-leaved Golden-rod.

           A  very handsome species, with leaves of a very yellow-
         green.  From two to three feet high.  Rather rare.  On the
         bank walk from Gray's ferry to Kingsess gardens—and on the
         road  to  Lemon-hill, not far from the Schuylkill.   Perennial.
         August.

tenuifoiia.   13.  S. stem scabrous,  angular, corymbose, branch-
           ed;  leaves very narrow, linear, spreading, ob-
           scurely  three-nerved, scabrous;  axills  leafy;
           corymbs terminal,  fastigiate; branchlets capi-
           tate ; ligula!  scarcely higher than the disk.—
           Pursh.
         S. tenuifoiia, Pursh.
         S. lanceoiata, /3. minor, Mich.


                     Slender-leaved  Golden-rod.

           From twelve to fifteen  inches high. Leaves very narrow.
         A very rare species in this vicinity.  I have only found it on
         the bank walk  from  Gray's ferry to Kingsess gardens, and
         near  Cooper's creek, Jersey.  Perennial.  September.

casia.      14.  S. stem even, erect;  leaves lanceolate, gla-
           brous ; racemes erect;  ligulse middle  sized.—
           Willd.
              Icon. Dill. elth. t. 307.  f.  395. 
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
123
             Blue-stemmed Golden-rod.

  A very elegant species, two or two and a half feet high.
Stem blue.  Flowers deep brilliant-yellow.  In woods  and
shady thickets ; common.  Perennial.  August, September.


15. S. stem flexuous, glabrous, angular; racemes flexicauiis.
   erect, axillary ; ligulse middle size.—Willd. and
   Pursh.
     Icon. Pluk. aim. t.  235. f. 4.


            IVaved-stemmed  Golden-rod.

  From one to three feet high, resembling very much No. 14,
and from which it does not seem to be sufficiently distinct.
The blue stem, however, of No. 14, will always distinguish it
from the present species.  In similar places  with No. 14;
common.  Perennial.  August, September.


16.  S. stem  erect;  leaves  ovate-acuminate, ser-latifolia.
   rate; racemes lateral, simple.—Sp. PI.
S. latifolia, Mich.
S. flexicauiis, 0. latifolia, Willd. and Pursh.


   This is generally considered as a variety of No. 15, from
which it is certainly much more distinct than is that species
from No. 14.  I have followed Muhl. in giving it as a distinct
species. A very handsome plant, from eight to sixteen inches
high—leaves very broad, subject to a disease, discovering itself
in circular raised spots.  On the rocks bordering the Schuyl-
kill and Wissahickon; abundant.  Perennial.  August,  Sep-
tember.


 17.  S. stem erect, hairy; leaves  lanceolate, veryrugosa.
   scabrous, rugose;  lower  ones  adpressed-ser-
   rate;  racemes paniculated, leaning one  way,
   very open.— Willd.
 S. aitissima, e. Ait.
   Icon. Dill. elth. t. 308. f. 396.  (Pursh.)


             Wrinkled-leaved Golden-rod.

   About two feet high.  An ordinary looking species.  In
Jersey, near Woodbury ;  rare.  Perennial.  August. 
124                POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.

ripda.     is. S. stem hairy ; leaves ovate-oblong, hairy, sca-
            brous :  those of the stem entire, the lower ones
            serrated;  the flower-bearing branches panicu-
            lated ;  racemes  compact; ligulse  elongated.—
            Willd.
              Icon. Herm. parad. 243. (Pursh.)

                         Stiff Golden-rod.

           About  two feet high,  not handsome.  Resembles an Aster.
         Flowers  large, pale-yellow.  In Jersey,  near Haddonfield;
         rare.  Perennial. August till October.

nemoraiii.   jg# s. stem erect, tomentose; stem-leaves lanceo-
            late,  hispid, very entire, those of the  root sub-
            cuneiform, serrated; racemes paniculated, lean-
            ing one way.—Willd.

           From one to two feet high.  Whole plant of a grey aspect.
         Flowers deep-yellow and handsome. In dry woods and fields,
         common. Perennial.  August till October.

procera.    20. S. stem villous,  erect;  leaves lanceolate, ser-
            rated, three-nerved,  scabrous, villous  beneath;
            racemes  spike-form,  erect;   ligulse  short.—
            Willd.

                        Great Golden-7'od.

           A very tall species, as high as  No. 4.  In the hedges near
         Woodbury; rare. Perennial.  July, September.'

.tricta.     21. S. stem erect,  glabrous;  stem-leaves lanceo-
            late,  very  entire, glabrous,  scabrous on  the
            margin, those of the root serrate; racemes pa-
            niculated, erect;  peduncles glabrous.— Willd.

           About two feet high.  In the dry sandy woods of Jersey, be-
         tween Woodbury and the Delaware ; rare. Perennial.  Au-
         gust, October. 
POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
125
      319. SENECIO. Gen.pl. 1291. (Corymbiferx.)

Receptacle naked.   Pappus simple.  Calix
   cylindrical, calyculate;  scales sphacelate

   at the apex.


1. S. leaves amplexicaule, pinnatifid, dentate; flow- vulgaris.
   ers corymbose, coarctate.— Willd. and Pursh.


               Common Groundsel.

  An introduced weed, from Europe.  Near gardens, and the
fields of our vicinity, not unfrequent.  Annual.  From April
till late in autumn.


2. S.  stem virgate, paniculated;  leaves amplexi- Meracifoihu.
   caule, oblong, acute, unequally  and deeply den-
   tated; calices smooth.—Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Pluk. phyt. t.  112.  f. 1.


       Fire-weed.  Hawk-weed.  Groundsel.

  From a foot to three feet high.  Flowers white.  This is
one of the commonest weeds in our country, growing almost
every where, even on the roofe, and in the spouts of the
roofs of old houses. Annual. July, August.


3. S. radical  leaves  obovate, crenate-serrate, pe- obovams.
   tiolated; stem-leaves pinnatifid, dentated; flowers
   somewhat umbelled, on long peduncles;  stem
   smoothish.— Willd. and Pursh.
S. obtusatus. Herb. Banks, Mss.  (Pursh.)


             Obovate-leaved Groundsel

  About twelve or fifteen inches high.  Resembles  No. 4,
from which it may, however, be easily  distinguished by its
obovate, radical leaves, its smaller and less brilliant flowers,
being besides a  smaller plant.  In shady woods, on  rocks;
rare.   Perennial.   June.


4. S. radical leaves ovate-cordate,  serrated, petio- aureus.
   lated; those of the stem pinnatifid, dentated, the
     vol. II.            12 
126               POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.
           terminal segments lanceolate; peduncles subum-
           bellate, thickislu— WHid. and Pursh.


                   Golden flowered Groundsel.

          A very ornamental plant, bearing a profusion of fine brilliant
         yellow flowers. Every where on the margins of water-courses,
         common. From afoot to three feet high. It improves much by
         cultivation, as I have found by experiment. Perennial. June,
         July.


          320. CHRYSANTHEMUM. Gen. pi. 1307. (Corymbiferx.)

         Calix hemispherical, imbricated;  innermost

           scales scariose.  Receptacle naked.  Pap-

           pus none.


teucanthe.  1. C. leaves amplexicaule, lanceolate, serrated;
mum*        base cut-dentate; stem erect, branched.—Willd.
             Icon. Fl. Dan. 994. Engl. Bot. 601.


         Ox-eye Daisy.  White-weed.  Richardson's Clover.

          About a foot or fifteen inches high.  Flowers large, white.
         This is an introduced plant, which has become a pestiferous
         weed to our farmers all through the country.  In cultivated
         fields, grassy lawns, and on road-sides, every where in profu-
         sion. It is impossible  to extirpate it. Perennial. June, July.


              321. ANTHEMIS. Gen.pl. 1312. (Corymbiferx.)

         Calix hemispherical, subequal.   Rays more
           than 5. Receptacle paleaceous;  pale* flat,
           with  rigid acuminated points.   Pappus

           none  or marginal.—Nutt.


 cotuia.    1. A. receptacle conical, its scales bristle-shaped;
           seeds  naked;  leaves doubly pinnatifid,  some-
           what smooth.—Smith.
         A. arvensis, Pursh, not L. and others.
           Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1.1.14. 
          POLYGAMIA, SUPERFLUA.               127

May-weed.   Wild Chamomile.   Stinking Chamo-
              mile.   Dog's Fennel.
  A  well-known weed, resembling common Chamomile.
Flowers white.  In wastes every where, and in profusion in
the streets of our suburbs. Possesses medicinal virtues. (See
\ eg. Mat. Med. U, S.) Annual. All summer.

     322. ACHILLEA. Gen. pi. 1313. (Corymbiferx.)

Calix  ovate,  imbricated.    Rays  5  to  10,
   roundish. Receptacle paleaceous. Pappus

   none.

1. A. leaves bipinnatifid,  hairy;  the segments li-millefolium.
   near-dentate,  mucronate;   stem furrowed.—
   Smith and Willd.
     Icon.  Fl. Dan. 737. Engl. Bot. 758. Wood-
   ville's Med. Bot. vol. 1. p. 179. t. 64.


                Yarrow.  Milfoil.
  Yarrow has been introduced from Europe, but is now per-
fectly naturalized.  About eighteen inches high.  Flowers
white.  Possesses medicinal virtues. (See Woodville's Med.
Bot.) In fields, hedges, and by fences, every where common.
Perennial.  June, July.

    323. HELIOPSIS. Pers. Syn. 2.  p. 473. (Corymbiferx.)

 Calix imbricated,   scales   subovate, lined.
   Rays large and linear.  Receptacle palea-   t
   ceous,  conic,  palsea lanceolate.   Seeds 4-

   sided.   Pappus none.—Nutt.


 1. II. leaves opposite, ovate-serrate, three-nerved. i*vi«.

   —Pers.
 Heliopsis lsevis, Pers.
 Buphthalmum helianthoides, Milld.
 Helianthus  lsevis,  Sp. PI.  1278. and L'Herit.

   Stirp.
 Rudbeckia oppositifolia, Sp. PI. 1280.
 Silphium solidaginoides, Sp. PI. 1302. 
128               POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA.

                         Smooth Ox-eye.

          About two or three feet high.  Flowers large, yellow, and
         very handsome.  Resembles the species of the succeeding
         genus.  On the banks of the Delaware, between Kaighn's
         point and the next ferry below, in profusion, in thickets else-
         where.  Perennial. August, October.


             324. IIELENIUM. Gen. pi. 1299. (Corymbiferx.)

         Calix  simple, many-parted.   Rays  of  the
           flower  semitrifid.   Receptacle naked, glo-
           bose ;  the  rays  only paleaceous.    Seed
           villous; pappus paleaceous, about 5-leav-

           ed, leaflets awned.—Nutt.


aimimnaie.  i, H. leaves lanceolate, serrated, sub-decurrent;
           stem corymbose above;  corrollulse of the disk
           5-cleft; rays flat, reflexed.— WiUd. and Pursh.


                          Sneeze-weed.

          From three to four feet high.  Flowers yellow. Possesses
         errhine properties, and may consequently be useful in medi-
         cine. In watery thickets, and on the mashy shores of the De-
         laware, Schuylkill, and other waters;  abundant.  Perennial.
         October, November.
           ORDER III.—POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA.

          (Discal florets bisexual; rays neutral, sterile.)

             325.  IIELIANTIIUS.Gen.pl. 1322. (Corymbiferx.)

         Calix imbricated,  subsquarrose,  foliaceous.
           Receptacle paleaceous, flat.   Pappus pa-
           leaceous, 2-leaved, caducous.—Nutt.


mollis.     1. H. leaves ovate, acuminate, three-nerved; ad-
           pressed-serrate, scabrous above, white pubes- 
          POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA.               129

   cent, and very soft underneath; calicine scales
   lanceolate, adpressed.— Willd. enum.
 H. tomentosus, Mich.

              Soft-leaved Sunflower.
   From two to three feet high.  Leaves remarkably soft un-
 derneath, and rough  above. Flowers yellow.  In fields and
 meadows, and along fences, every where common.  Peren-
 nial. July till October.

 2. H. leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrated, tracheiifbiius.
   three-nerved, all over  very rough ;  calicine
   scales linear-lanceolate,  ciliate, exterior  ones
   longer.—Willd.
 II. Gigas, Mich.

          Throat-wort-leaved Sun-flower.
   About the size of No. 1.  Flowers also yellow.  In woods,
 thickets, meadows, and dry swamps;  common.  Perennial.
 August till October.

 3. H. stem glabrous, very much branched; leavesdivarica,us-
   sub-opposite, sessile,  lanceolate-ovate,  three-
   nerved;   panicle trichotomous, weak,  small-
   flowered.—Willd. and Pursh.

   Small-flowered or Rough-leaved Sunflower.
  Resembles both  No. 1, and No. 2, but is taller  and  has
 smaller flowers, and narrower leaves.   Flowers entire, pale-
 yellow.  In similar places with No. 1, the  commonest species
 in this neighbourhood.  Perennial.  August till October.

 4. II. leaves ovate-acuminate, remotely serrated, decapetaiuj.
   tripli-nerved, scabrous; calicine scales lanceo-
   late, nearly equal, sub-ciliate; rays  ten or ele-
   ven.—Willd.  and Pursh.
     Icon. Rob.  ic. 235. (Pursh.)

             Ten-petalled Sunflower.
  From three to four feet high. Flowers large. In dry woods
of Jersey, rare.  Perennial. August, September.
                          12* 
130               POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA.

              326. RUDBECKIA. Gen. pi. 1324. (Corymbiferx.)

         Calix subequal, mostly consisting of a double
            series of leaflets.   Receptacle paleaceous,

            conic. Pappus a 4-toothed margin.—Nutt.


laciniata.   1.  R. lower leaves pinnate; wings three-lobed,
           upper ones ovate;  pappus crenate;   stem gla-
           brous.—Schrader. Willd. enum.
             Icon. Corn. Canad. t.  179. (Pursh.) Morris.
            Hist. 3. s. 6. t. 6. f. 53.


                     Jagged-leaved Rudbeckia.

          A fine showy plant, from three to six feet high.  Flowers
         very large, yellow, with the petals long, drooping.  I have
         cultivated this plant, in my garden, and found it hardy.  In
         watery thickets, and on the margins of all the neighbouring
         waters; common.  Perennial.  August, October.


pinnata?    2. R. all the leaves pinnate, one or both of the lower
           wings bi-partile, the rest undivided; pappus very
           entire; stem furrowed, hispid.—Schrader and
           WiUd. enum.
         R. digitata, AVilld. Sp. PI.
         R. odorata, Hortul.
           Icon. Smith Exot. Bot. 38. Vent. jard. eels. 71.


          Resembles No. 1, very much.  I am not certain that this is
         the true pinnata; it seems, however, to fit the description. In
         thickets near the Buck-inn on the Lancaster-road, very rare.
         Flowers yellow. Perennial. July, August.


               327. BIDENS. Gen. pi. 1267. ( Corymbiferx.)

         Calix subequal, caliculate. Rays often want-
            ing.  Receptacle paleaceous,  flat.  Pappus
            2 or 4 reflected or erect and retrorsely sca-
            brous awns.  Seed<k- sided.—Nutt.


ceiaaa.     i.  B.  flowers subradiated, drooping; exterior ca- 
POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA.
131
  lix longer than the flower;  leaves lanceolate,
  sub-connate, dentated.—Willd.
     Icon. Fl. Dan. 841. Cent. fl. Lond. 3. t. 55.

  A showy plant with yellow flowers, that are either with or
without rays, inhabiting ditches, low  wet meadows, and the
marshy borders of all our waters.  Annual. August, September.

leaves lanceolate, serrated, opposite, amplexicaule. 0 coreopsis.
  Sp. PI.
     Icon. Barrel, ic. t. 1209. Loess, fl. Pruss. t.
  11. (Pursh.)

  In similar places with the preceding. Common.  Flowers
either with or without rays.  August.

2. B. flowers with rays, drooping; the ray three chrysamhe-
  times as long as the subequal calix; leaves ob-
  long,  attenuated at each end, dentated, connate
  at the base.— Willd. and Mich.
Coreopsis perfoliata, Walt.
C. flammula, Herb. Banks, Mss. (Pursh.)

  This is the most elegant species of the genus, which grows
in this neighbourhood.  Flowers very large, and of a deep
yellow.  In all overflowed places, especially  the borders of
our waters; common. Annual.  August, September.

3. B. flowers  discoid; outer calix  six times  asfrondosa.
  long as the flower,  its  leaves ciliate at base;
  lower  leaves pinnate, upper  ones ternate, lan-
  ceolate, serrated.—Willd.
     Icon. Morris. Hist. 3. s.  6. t. 5. f. 21.

                  Burr  Marigold.
  About a foot or two high.  In shady woods on good soil,
and in shady thickets ; common.  Flowers without rays. An-
nual.  July, September.

4.  B.  flowers sub-radiate;  exterior  calix the wpinnata.
  length of the interior;  leaves  bi-pinnate: foli-
  oles lanceolate, pinnatifid.—Willd.
     Icon. Herm. Parad. t. 123. (Pursh.) 
132              POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA.

                        Spanish Needles.
          From ten to eighteen inches high.  The seeds are long,
        prickly, and adhere to the cloths of persons who pass through
        fields or woods where the plant grows. The rays of the flow-
        ers are very small, and yellow. In neglected fields and woods,
        abundant. Perennial.  July, October.

             328. COREOPSIS. Gen. pi. 1325. (Corymbiferx.)

        Calix  double, both many-leaved,  (8 to IS,)
           interior  equal, subcoriaceous and coloured.
           Receptacle  paleaceous,  scales  flat.  Seed
           compressed, emarginate,  bidentate,  den-
           tures rarely awned.—Nutt.

aur«a.    i. C. leaves serrated, those of the root 3-parted,
           of the  stem trifid or entire, lanceolate-linear.
          —Willd.
        C.  aurea, Muhl.

                  Golden Thickseed Sun-flower.
          This elegant plant I have heretofore only found in Jersey.
        Flowers  large, golden-yellow, showy.  On the margins of
        Timber-creek, and rivulets near Woodbury, Jersey.  Bien-
        nial.  August.

           329. ACTINOMERIS. Nutt. Gen. Am.  pi. vol. 2. p. 181.
                         ( Corymbiferx.)

        Calix  simple, many-leaved, foliaceous,  sub-
           equal.   Rays remote, elongated,  (4 to 8.)
           Receptacle small and paleaceous,  the leaf-
           lets  embracing  the  margin  of the seed.
           Seed compressed  and marginated, with the
           summit  persistently 2-awned.—Nutt.

aitemifoiia. l. A. leaves broad-lanceolate, serrated; corymb
          paniculated;  calix spreading, loose;  disk sub-
           globose, in fruit squarrose.—Nutt.
        Actinoineris squarrosa, Nutt. 
POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA.
133
Coreopsis alternifolia, L. and others.
Verbesina Coreopsis, Mich, and Pursh.

  From three to seven feet high. Flowers not handsome,
yellow.  On the marshy shores of all our waters, abundant.
Perennial.  July, September.
ORDER IV.  POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA.

           (Radialflorets only, fertile.^)

     330. AMBROSIA. Gen.pl. 1427. (Corymbiferx.)

Monoicous.—Masc  Calix 1-leaved.   An-
   thers approximate, but not united.  Recep~
   tacle naked.—Fem. Calix 1-leaved, entire
   or 5-toothed,  1-flowered.   Corolla none.
   Nut formed from  the indurated calix,  1-
   seeded.—Nutt.

1. A. hirsute, asperate; leaves 3-lobed, serrated ; tnfida.
  lobes oval-lanceolate, acuminate; fruit 6-spined
  below the top.—Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Morris. Hist. 3. s. 6. t. 1. f. 4.

             Trifld-leaved Hogweed.
  From four to eight feet high.  Flowers very ordinary and
small. On the banks ofrivers, creeks and ditches, everywhere
very common. Annual. August, September.

2. A. leaves bi-pinnatifid, hairy beneath, upper artemisUoiia.
  ones  pinnatifid;  racemes  ternate,  terminal;
  branches fastigiate.—Willd.

           Wormwood-leaved Hogweed.
  From two to four feet high.  A very  common weed in all
cultivated grounds and neglected fields. Annual.  August,
September. 
134               POLYGAMIA, FRUSTRANEA.

eiatior.     3, A. leaves bi-pinnatifid, smoothish; petioles long,
           ciliated;  racemes terminal, paniculated; stem
           virgate.—Willd.


                          Tall Hog-weed.

           In similar places, near the Buck-inn, on the Lancaster-road.
         Rare. Annual. June, July.


              331. XANTHIUM. Gen. pi. 1426. (Corymbiferx.)

         Monoicous.—Masc. Calix imbricated.  An-
           thers approximate, but not united.  Recep-

           tacle paleaceous.—Fem. Calix a 2-leaved
           involucrum,   1-flowered.    Corolla  none.

            Utriculus muricated, bifid.  Nut S-celled.
           —Nutt.

strumarium. l. X. stem branched, without prickles; leaves cor-
           date, serrated, rough, three-nerved at the base;
           fruit  elliptical,  pubescent,  with stiff-hooked
           bristles.— Willd. and Pursh.
              Icon. Fl. Dan. 970.

              Clotweed.  Cockle-burr.  Lesser-burdock.

           From one to three feet high.  A very ordinary  looking
         plant, with green inconspicuous flowers.   This is  said to be
         the plant mentioned by  Wilson in his Ornithology, under the
         name " Cockle-burr," the seeds of which constitute the favour-
         ite food of the Psitticus Caroliniensis, or Carolina parrot, some-
         times called paraquet. This cockle-burr grows in great abund-
         ance on the shores of the Ohio  and Mississippi—where it in-
         jures the wool of the sheep that pasture near it, insinuating
         its prickly burrs so deeply into their wool that it is scarcely
         worth any thing.  In wastes, and among rubbish, even in the
         suburbs of our city; common. Annual. September. 
GYNANDRIA.
ORCHIS.           ARETHUSA.
GOODYERA.        MALAXIS.
NEOTTIA.          CORALLORHIZA.
LISTERIA.         CYPRIPEDIUM.
POGONIA.          ARISTOLOCHIA.
CALOPOGON.       ASARUM. 
[ 136 ]
              CLASS XVIII—GYNANDRIA.

                  ORDER I.—MONOGYNIA.

         f « Anther adnate, subterminal  and persistent.—
           PoUinia (masses of pollen) affixed by the base,
           composed of angular  particles elastically  co-
           hering."  R. Brown? Hort. Kew. 5. p. 188.

          332. ORCHIS. [Swartz. Act. Stockholm, 1800. p. 205.]
                            ( Orchidex.)

         Corolla  ringent, upper leaflet vaulted.  Lip
           dilated, the base beneath calcarate.   Pol-
           linia (anthers, L.) % terminal,  adnate.—
           Nutt.

eiiiaris.     ]. O. lip oblong-lanceolate, pinnate-ciliate, twice
           the length of the petals; horn longer than the
           germ.— Willd.
         Habenaria eiiiaris, Brown, in Hort. Kew.
           Icon. Bot. Rep. 42.

                      Fellow fringed Orchis.
          A very elegant plant, about twelve inches high, with rich
         orange-coloured flowers. In meadows, dry swamps and boggy
         grounds  not uncommon, especially in Jersey.  Perennial.
         July.

wepharigiot- 2. O. lip lanceolate-ciliate, the length of the up-
           per petal;  the horn longer  than the germ.—
           Willd.
         Orchis  testiculata floribus niveis, &c.  Clayt. No.
           560.

                      White-fringed Orchis.
          Also a handsome plant closely resembling the preceding,
         except that its flowers are snow-white.  In the low boggy 
          GYNANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.               137

meadows of Jersey, near Woodbury ;  very rare.  Perennial.
July, August.

3. 0. lip 5-parted; segments sub-digitate, filiform; iace»,
   horn the length of the germ; flowers alternate.
   —Mich.
O. physcodes, Willd. and Pursh.

                  Ragged Orchis.
  About a foot high, resembling No. 2, somewhat.  Easily
distinguished from it, however, by its flowers which are green-
ish-white.  In similar places with No. 1. Rare. July, August.

4.  O. lip lanceolate, three-toothed  at the apex; pe- «,a™^a-
   tals obtuse;  horn filiform at the apex, clavate- ^'
   adscendeht, longer than the germ.—Willd.
Orchis tridentata, Willd. and Pursh.

                Three-toothed Orchis.
   About eight inches high, with a small spike of few greenish-
white flowers.  In boggy  grounds, not  common.  In  such
places on or near the Woodlands.  Perennial.  July.

5. O. lip  obovate, undivided, crenate, retuse; spectawiis.
   petals upright, lateral ones longest; horn  cla-
   vate, shorter  than  the germ;  bractes  longer
   than the flowers; stem leafless.—Willd.
O. humilis, Mich.

                  Showy Orchis.
   About a span high.  This is one of the most beautiful plants
 of our neighbourhood, and well worth cultivating.  Leaves
broad, bluish-green. Flowers pale rose-violet and white mix-
ed.  At the roots of trees in rich shady woods.  Perennial.
May, June.

 6. 0. lip three-parted;  segments cuneiform,  cili- fimbnata.
    ate-fimbriate;  lateral petals  ovate,  dentate;
    horn filiform, clavate, longer than the germ..—
    Willd.
 Habenaria fimbriata,  Brown, in Hort. Kew.
      vol. II.              13 
138                GYNANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.

                       Purple fringed Orchis.

           From two to two and a half feet high.  Flowers purple,
         very elegant—the most showy species of the genus in this
         neighbourhood.  On the marshy shores of the Delaware along
         the bank walk from the Navy-yard to Gloucester point, and
         about a mile north of the point, very scarce.  I have found
         but two specimens; both in the spot just mentioned.  Peren-
         nial.  July.

wistata.    7. o. lip oblong, pinnate-ciliate ; petals roundish,
           the  two lateral ones dentate;  the  horn shorter
           than the germ.—Willd. and Mich.
         0. cristata, Mich.
         0. physcodes, L.

                       Short-spurred Orchis.

           Flowers resembling those of No. 1, but smaller, also orange-
         colour.   In dry swamps, Jersey; but very rare.  Perennial.
         August.


         ft Anther persistent, parallel with  the stigma.—
           Pollinia affixed to the summit of the stigma, the
           particles farinaceous or angular.   R. Brown.


                 333. GOODYERA. R. Brown. (Orchidex.)

                           Neottia. Willd.

         Corolla ringent; the 2  lower petals  placed

           under the gibbous  lip, which is undivided
           above.  The column (or style) free. Pollen
           angular.—Nutt.


pubescens.  i. G. radical leaves  ovate,  petiolate, reticulate;
           scape sheathing;  flowers pubescent:  lip ovate-
           acuminate ; petals ovate.—Willd.
         Neottia pubescens, Willd.
         Satyrium repens,  Mich.

           Rattle-snake Plantane. Veined-leaved Neottia.

           About twelve  inches high.  Leaves thick, beautifully reti-
         culated with white veins.  Flowers  white.  In shady  rich
         woods and on rocks; common.  Perennial.  July. 
          GYNANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.

      334. NEOTTIA. Swartz. R. Brown. (Orchidex.)

 Corolla ringent;  the 2  lower petals placed
   under the lip, which is beardless;  interior
   leaves connivent.  Column  apterous. Pol-
   len farinaceous.—Nutt.

 1.  N.  radical leaves linear; scape sheathing; tortiik.
   flowers spirally  secund; lip trifid, the middle
   crenulate___Willd.
 Satyrium spirale, Swartz. Prodr.
 Ophrys  aestivalis, Mich.
 Limodorum prsecox, Walt.
 Orchis spiralis, L.

          Spiral Neottia.  Ladies Traces.
  A slender delicate plant, appearing to be destitute of leaves
 about ten-inches high, with  a spiral spike of white flowers In
 low meadows  and boggy grounds; sometimes in exposed or
 sunny fields. Common. Perennial. June,  July.

 2. N. leaves lanceolate, three-nerved; stem sheath- cemu*.
  ing; spike oblong,  close-flowered; flowers re-
  curvate-drooping: lip oblong, very entire, acute.
  — Willd.
 Ophrys cernua, Sp. PI.
 Limodorum autumnale, Walt.

  Resembles No. 1, very much, but is a larger plant, with
larger flowers.  Also  called Ladies Traces. About one foot
high. Flowers white, drooping, in a tortuous spike. In grassy
places and low meadows; not uncommon. Perennial. July.

        335. LISTERIA. R.Brown. (Orchidex.) '

                ophets. Smith, &c.

Corolla  irregular.  Lip pendent, bifid.  Co-
  lumn  apterous, (minute;) the anther in-
  serted at its base.  Pollen farinaceous.—
  Nutt. 
140               GYNANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.
eeniata,    j.  l.  stem 2-leaved;  leaves opposite,  cordate-
           subrotund, acute; spike small-flowered;  lip ob-
           long, dilated at the top, obtuse, 2-lobed;  ger-
           men sub-globose; root fibrous.— Willd.
         Epipactis convallarioides, Pursh.
         Ophrys cordata, Mich.

                       Heart-leaved Listeria.
      *    A small plant, not exceeding six inches in height. Flowers
         brown, mixed with green.  Very rare in this neighbourhood.
         In the dark  swampy wood bordering a road leading from
         Kaighn's point to  the Woodbury-road;  scarce.  Perennial.
         May.
         Iff Anther terminal, inserted, persistent.  Pollen
               farinaceous or angular.  R. Brown.

               336. POGOMA. Juss. R. Brown". (Orchidex.)
                            ABETHUSA, L.

         Petals 5, distinct, without glands.   Lip ses-
           sile, cucullate,  internally crested.  Pollen
           farinaceous.—Nutt.

ophiogiossoi- i, p. r0ot fibrous; scape distantly 2-leaved; leaves
           oval, lanceolate;  lip  fimbriated.— Willd. and
           Pursh.
             Icon. Lam. Ulustr. t. 729. f. 2.

           Avery elegant plant, about eight or ten inches high, bear-
         ing a single leaf, and a single terminal rose-coloured flower.
         In wet meadows, in bogs and morasses; common. Perennial.
         June, July.

verticiiiata.  2. P.  leaves in five's, oblong.lanceolate, verticil-
           late; stem one-flowered, the three exterior pe-
           tals very long, linear, the interior ones lanceo-
           late; lip  three-lobed, the  middle segment un-
           dulated— WiUd.
             Icon. Pluk. mant. t. 34. f. 1. 
GYNANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.
141
                Whorled Pogonia.
  About ten or twelve inches high, with a single whorl of
leaves. Flowers singular, but not handsome, brownish-purple
mixed with yellow. Flowers sometimes two or three on a
stem. In shady woods of rich, moist boggy soil—also in bogs;
frequent. Perennial. May, June.

       337. CALOPOGON. R. Brown. (Orchidex.)
                cymbidium. Swartz.

Petals 5, distinct.  Zip behind, (or inverted,)
   unguiculated;  the lamina bearded. Column
   free.  Pollen angular.—Nutt.

1. C. radical leaves ensiform, nerved;  scape few- puicheiius.
   flowered; lip erect, attenuated at base; lamina
   expanded; disk concave, bearded.—Willd. and
   Pursh.
Cymbidium pulchellum, Willd.
Limodorum tuberosum,  Syst. Veg. and Mich.
L. pulchellum,  Salisbury.
Ophrys barbata, Walt.
   Icon. Bot. Mag. 116.

  About fifteen inches high, with a single leaf and a single
terminal flower of a rose-red, and very handsome. In bogs
and morasses; frequent. Perennial. July.

       338. ARETHUSA. R. Brown.  (OrcUdex.)

Petals  5, connate at the base.  Lip below
   growing to the  column,  cucullate  above,
   and internally crested.  Pollen angular.—
   Nutt.

 1. A. without leaves; root globose; scape sheath- buibosa.
   ing, one-flowered; upper  calicine segments in-
   curved;  lip   somewhat crenulate.—Willd. and
   Pers.
     Icon. Lam. lllustr. t.  729. f. 1. Pluk. mant.
   t. 348. f. 7.
                         13* 
142               GYNANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.

                     Bulbous-rooted Arethusa.
           About a span high.  Root tuberous, scape without leaves,
         and bearing a single large terminal rose-coloured-flower.  A
         verv  rare  plant. I have only found a single specimen, in a
         morass a mile south-east of Woodbury, Jersey. Perennial. June.


         f fft Anther terminal, movable, deciduous. Masses
                  of pollen at length cereaceous.

              339. MALAXIS. Swartz. R.Brown.  (Orchidex.)

         Petals 5, narrower than  the lip, spreading
            or deflected.  Lip flattened, undivided, ses-
            sile,  (mostly  situated  behind.)   Column
            porrected. Pollinia % parallel,  affixed to
            the summit of the stigma.—Nutt.

liiiifoiia.    1. M. leaves two,  ovate-lanceolate; scape trique-
           trous ; interior petals filiform, reflexed, disco-
           loured; lip concave, obovate, acute at the apex.
           -—Willd. and Pursh.
         Ophrys trifolia, Walt.
         Ophrys scapo nudo,  foliis radicalibus, &c. Gron.
           Virg. p. 138.
         Epidendrum caule erecto simplicissimo nudo, ra-
           cemo simplicifolia erecto, Gron. Virg. p. 140.
              Icon. Bot. Repos. 65.

                       Lily-leaved Malaxis
           About six inches high. Flowers brownish-yellow. A singu-
         lar and. not unhandsome  plant. In rich shady woods at the
         roots  of trees, grbwing on recent vegetable mouid. Perennial.
         June.

lonffifoiia.   2. M.  bulb  subrotund; scape two-leaved;  leaves
           broad-lanceolate, longer than the scape;  spike
           oblong; lip cordate, concave, canaliculate, shor-
           ter than the petals. B.
         M. correana, Bart. Prod. Ph. 
GYNANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.
143
               Long-leaved Malaxis.

  From three to seven inches high.  Leaves very long, always
longer than the scape and spikes, when the plant is mature.
Root roundish.  Flowers one-third the size of those in No. 1,
and a little larger than those of Xo. 3, of a yellowish-green
colour; lateral petals yellow. I first discovered this plant in
June, 1814, in the woods north of Powelton, on the Mantua-
road, at whichtime I detected only three specimens.  I found
it abundantly the next season in the same place, and have sub-
sequently met with it in the shady woods bordering the Schuyl-
kill.  Mr. Nuttall has found it this year on the Wissahickon,
near Langstroth's mills, growing with No. 1.  Perennial. June.
                                                         •

3. M.  one leaf,  ovate,  amplexicaule; scape five-ophiogiossoi-
   angular;  lip bifid at  the  apex.— Willd.
M. unifolia, Mich.


   Adder-tongue Malaxis. One-leaved Malaxis.

  A very delicate plant, about six inches high, with a single
leaf, and a spike of small green flowers.  In the shady woods,
three miles north of Woodbury,  bordering the road;  and in
shady woods on the  Schuylkill, very rare  and scarce, where
found. It is generally at the roots of trees in decayed vegetable
mould.  Perennial. May, June.


   340. CORALLORHIZA. Haller. R. Brown.  (OrcMdex.)

                  CTMBIDIUM.  Willd.

Petals equal and connivent.  Lip mostly aris-
   ing from the base.  Column free.  Pollinia
   % oblique (not parallel.)—Nutt.


1. C. lip  trifid; spur obsolete, every where adnate innata,
   to the  germ ; leaves  none;  capsule obovate.—
   Nutt.
Corallorhiza innata, R. Brown.
Cymbidium Corallorhizon, Willd.

  About ten or twelve inches high. Flowers brownish. Very
rare. In the shady, hilly woods above the falls of Schuylkill,
west side, very scarce. Perennial. September, October. 
144
GYNANDRIA, DIANDRIA.
odomorhiza. 2. C. lip entire, oval and  obtuse,  margin crenu-
           late; spur obsolete, every where adnate to the
           germ ; leaves none; capsule subglobose.—Root
           much branched, dentate; scape 8 to 10 inches
           high, attenuated and  rather slender,  roundish
           and bulbous at the base;  sheaths ochreatc, about
           3 in  number;  flowers  numerous,  pendulous;
           petals brownish, connivent, and all inclined to
           the upper side of the corolla; lip dilated, white,
           and elegantly spotted  with violet-purple, palate
           bidentate; base of the  column marginated; cap-
           sule  short and subglobose.—Nutt.

          A smaller plant than No. 1, which it resembles. Seldom
         more than seven inches high. Edges of sandy woods in Jersey—
         in those near Camden, not unfrequent. I have found it very
         rare west of the Delaware. Perennial. July, August.

hiemain.    3.  C. leaf solitary, ovate, striate; lip trifid, ob-
           tuse,  with the palate ridged; central lobe round-
           ed, crenulate.—Nutt.
         Arethusa spicata, Walt.
         Cymbidium hyemale, Willd.

          About twelve inches high. Flowers brown.  Willdenow de-
         scribes this plant as having two leaves, but I have  not seen it
         with more than one, which is covered with numerous longitu-
         dinal nerves.  In the high shady woods  above the falls  of
         Schuylkill, west side; very rare. Root consisting of two bulbs
         joined by a short connecting radicle.  The plant is sometimes
         called Adam and Eve. Perennial. May.
           ORDER II. DIANDRIA.

  341. CYPRIPEDIUM. L. Swartz. R Brown. (Orckidcx.)

Lip ventricose, inflated,  saccate.  Petals %
   the under one bifid.  The column terminat-
   ing behind in a petaloid lobe.—Nutt. 
GYNANDRIA, HEXANDRIA.                145
1. C. stem leafy; lobe of the style triangular-ob- pubescens.
  long, obtuse; exterior petals ovate-oblong, acu-
  minate,  interior very long, linear,  contorted;
  lip compressed, shorter than the petals.—Willd.
C flavescens, Redout, pi. liliac.
C. Calceolus, /3. Sp. PI. 1346.
C. Calceolus, Walt.
  Icon. Willd. hort.  berol. 1. t. 13.

           Large yellow Ladies*-slipper.

  About fifteen inches high.   Flowers large, yellow.  In the
shady hills bordering the Schuylkill above the falls, west side,
very scarce. I have not found it elsewhere. Perennial. May.

2. C. scape leafless, one-flowefed;  radical leaves humue.
  a  pair, oblong-obtuse; lobe of the style subro-
  tund-rhomboid, acuminate, deflexed; lip longer
  than the lanceolate petals, with a fissure behind.
  —Willd.
C. acaule, Ait.
  Icon.  Bot. Mag. 192. Salisb.  in  Lin. trans. 1.
t. 3. f. 4. Catesby. Car. app. t. 3.

     Purple Ladies9-slipper.   Moccassin-flower.

  About eight or  ten inches high, with two  large bluish-
green pubescent radical leaves, and a scape bearing a single
flower, with a large globose pendulous nectary.   In boggy
grounds of Jersey, and in rich woods; common.  Perennial.
May, June.
         ORDER III.  HEXANDRIA.

      342. ARISTOLOCHIA. Gen. \A.(Aristolochix.)

Calix none.  Corolla of 1 petal, ligulate, with
  a ventricose base.  Capsule 6-celled, many-
  seeded, inferior.—Nutt. 
146
GYNANDRIA, DODECANDRIA.
serpentana.  l.  A. leaves  cordate, oblong, acuminate;  stem
           flexuous, adscendent; peduncles radical;  lip of
           the corolla lanceolate.— Willd.
             Icon. Woodville's Med. Bot. vol. 2. t.  106.
         and Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U.  S. vol. 2.

                       Virginian Snake-root.
          A well-known plant, by the above name.  About six or ten
         inches high.  Flowers at the root, dingy-purple.  Possesses
         medicinal properties.  (See Woodville and Barton.)  On the
         banks of the Wissahickon, in the woods near Powelton, the
         woods of Jersey, a mile or two east of Kaighn's point; and in
         those above the falls of Schuylkill, west side; rather rare. Pe-
         rennial.  May, June.
                ORDER IV.  DODECANDRIA.

               343. ASARUM. Gen. pi. 801. (Aristolochix.)

         Calix subcampanulate, 3  or 4-cleft.   Corolla
           none.  Anthers  adnate  to  the  middle  of
           the filaments.   Capsule inferior, 6-celled,
           crowned with the calix.—Nutt.

canadense.  1.  A. a  pair  of  leaves,  broad-reniform ;  calix
           woolly, deeply three-parted; segments sub-lan-
           ceolate, reflexed.—Mich., Willd., and Pursh.
         A. Carolinianum, Walt.
         A. latifolium, Salisb. Prodr.
           Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 2.

               American Asarabacca.   Wild Ginger.
          A very  aromatic plant,  possessing the properties of Eu-
         ropean Asarabacca. Flowers at the root, dingy-purple. Leaves
         large and broad. On the hills bordering the Schuylkill, above
         the falls, west side. Not common.  Perennial. April. 
MONOECIA.
CIIARA.
TYPHA.
SPARGANIUM.
CAREX.
COMPTONIA.
ALNUS.
BffiHMERIA.
URTICA.
MORUS.
AMARANTHUS.
ZIZANIA.
MIRIOPHYLLUM.
SAGITTARIA.
QUERCUS.
FAGUS.
CASTANEA.
BETULA.
CARPINUS.
PLATANUS.
LIQUIDAMBAR.
JUGLANS.
CARYA.
ARUM.
PINUS.
ACALYPHA.
EUPHORBIA. 
[ 148 j
      CLASS XIX.—MONOECIA.

         ORDER I.   MONANDRIA.

        344. CHARA. Sp. pi. 1397, (JVajades.)

Calix and corolla  none.   Anther  globose,
  sessile.  Style none.   Stigmas 5.  Berry
  1-celled, many-seeded.—Nutt.

1. C. stems and branches naked at base; branches
  terete;  joints leafy; folioles oblong-subulate;
  bractes shorter than the berry.—WiUd.
    Icon. Engl. Bot.  336.

                 Feather Beds.
  Whole plant encrusted, and exceedingly disagreeable in
smell. In old ponds and sometimes in ditches along the course
of the Delaware, Jersey side; rare.   I have found it but once
this side of the Delaware, viz. in a ditch near Gloucester point.
The plant dries white or whitish-green, and is with difficulty
preserved for the herbarium, being friable.  Annual.  August,
September.
                 ORDER III.  TRIANDRIA.

                 345. TYPHA. Gen. pi. 1401. (Typhx.)

        Masc. Ament cylindric.   Calix obsolete, 3-
           leaved.   Corolla none.   Fem. flowers be-
           low the masculine. Calix and corolla none.
           Seed 1,  pedicellate, furnished with a pap-
           pus at the base.—Nutt.

latifolia.   1. T.  leaves linear, flat;  masculine and feminine
           spikes  near each other,  each  cylindrical.—
           Willd.
             Icon. Bot. Mag. 1455. Fl. Dan. 645. 
MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA.
149
       Reed-mace.  Cats'-tail.  Cooper's-reed.
  Every person knows the seed of this plant, by the name of
 Cats'-tail; it is used in making beds for the common people,
 but is both unhealthy and unpleasant, and in every respect in-
 ferior to  long moss or straw.  About four feet high.  In
 swampy meadows below the Navy Yard; not common. Pe-
 rennial. July, August.

 2.  T. leaves linear, a little channelled; masculine angustifoiia,
    and feminine spikes  remote from each other,
    each cylindrical.— Willd.
      Icon. Bot. Mag. 1456.

             JV arrow -leaved Cats9-tail.
  Resembles Xo. 1, exceedingly; rare.  I have only found it
 sparingly on the Delaware shores, particularly below Kaighn's
 point.  Perennial.  July.

      346. SPARGANIUM. Gen. pi. 1402. (Typhx.)

 Ament globose.   Calix  3 to 6-leaved.  Stig-
   ma simple  or bifid.  Nut suberose,  1-cell-
   ed, 1 or2-seeded.—Nutt.

 1.  S. leaves triquetrous at base, concave at the ramoSUni.
   sides; peduncle common, branched; stigma li-
  near.—Smith and Willd.
 S. erectum, Sp. PI. 1378.
  Icon.  Curt. Lond. 5. t. 66. Engl. Bot. 744.

                   Burr-reed.
  About three  feet high.  Flowers in globose capituli. On
 the  marshy shores of the Delaware, every where abundant;
also in ditches near the river. Perennial. June, July.

 2.  S. leaves triquetrous at  base, flat at the  sides; simplex.
  common  peduncle  simple;  stigma  linear.—
  Smith and Willd.
S. erectum, 0.  Sp. PI.  1378.
  Icon. Curt. Lond. 5. t. 67. Engl. Bot. 745.

  Grows in similar situations with No. 1. Perennial.  July.
     vol. n.                 14 
150               MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA.

               347. CAREX. Gen. pi. 1407. (Cyperoidex.)

        Flowers imbricated in an ament. Masc. Ca-
           lix of a single scale.  Corolla non*?<.  Fem.
           Calix also of 1  scale.  Corolla ventricose,
           monopetalous, bidentate  at the apex.  Stig-
           mas 2 and 3.  Nut triquetrous, included
           in the persistent corolla, (or utriculus.)—
           Nutt.

                     § 1. Stigmas mostly two.
                         j- Spikes dioicous.
steriiu.    i. c. spikes about six;  fruit ovate, compressed-
           triquetrous, acuminate, recurved  and bi-cuspi-
           date  at  the  top;  margin ciliate-serrated.—
           Willd.
             Icon. Schk. Car. t. Mmm. f. 146. (Pursh.)

                          Barren Sedge.

          In damp places and meadows, common. Perennial. May.
                      f f Spikes androgynous.
                  * Spike 1, the summit masculine.

        2. C. spikes in an elliptical form; fruit  ovate,
          compressed,  bifid, margined, ciliate-serrated
          above.—WiUd.
        C. typhina,  Mich.
          Icon. Schk. Car. t. Hhh. f. 133.

                         Headed Sedge.
              In woods, not unfrequent.  Perennial. June.

squamosa.  3.  C. spike  simple  androgynous, cylindrical:
          masculine below;  capsules imbricated,  hori-
          zontal.— Sp. PL
cepbalopho-
ra. 
           MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA.                 151

  A well-marked species, with large fruit-heads.  In copses
of the Neck; abundant.  Perennial.
          * * Spikes many, summits masculine.

4. C.  spikelets  about four,  somewhat  remote; retroflexa.
  fruit ovate, bi-dentate; margin glabrous, re-
  flexed-spreading;  scales  oblong-lanceolate.—
  SchJcu/Vir
     Icon. Schk. Car. t. Kkk. f. 140.

  On woody hills of dry soil, every where common.  Perennial.
June.

5. C.  spikelets  under five,  oblong, aggregated; «tip«ta.
  fruit spreading, ovate-acuminate, bi-cuspidate,
  convex, flat, nerved; culm triquetrous, very as-
  perate.—Willd.
     Icon. Schk. Car. t. Hhh. f.  132.

               Close-spiked Sedge.
      In low grounds, common. Perennial.   April.

6. C. spikes narrow, paniculated, oblong, obtuse; muitiflora.
  fruit ovate, bi-cuspidate;  scales ovate, mucro-
  nate; bractes leafy, filiform.—WiUd.
     Icon. Schk. Car. 1.  LU. f. 144.

              Many-flowered  Sedge.

  Very common on the borders of ditches, and in meadows.
Perennial. May.

7. C. spikes paniculated;  fruit ovate, margined panicuiata.
  above,  bidentate; margin ciliate-serrate;  culm
  triquetrous.— Willd.
     Icon. Schk. Car. t. D. f. 20. et var.  t. Ttt. f.
  163. 
152
MONOECIA. TRIANDRIA.
                          Panicled Sedge.
           Grows with No. 6, to which it has some resemblance. Not
         common. Perennial. May.

rossa.      8. C. spikelets about four, remote;  fruit ovate,
           acuminate, bidentated:  margin ciliate-serrated,
           horizontal; scales ovate, obtuse,  a  leafy bracte
           at the base of the lower spikelet.— Willd.
         C. echinata,/3. rosea, Walhb.  act. holm.  1803. p.
           147. (Pursh.)
              Icon.  Schk. Car. t. Zzz. f. 179.

                            Rose Sedge.
           In woods bordering the Wissahickon;  not uncommon. Pe-
         rennial. May.

                   * * * Spikes many, summits feminine.
         9. C. spikelets  11, alternate,  elliptical,  obtuse,
           close  to  each   other;  fruit ovate-lanceolate,
           marginaTed, bicuspidate; a long leafy bracte at
           the foot  of the last spike.—WiUd.
         C. Richardi, Mich.
           Icon. Schk. Car. t. Yyy. f. 177.

                         Hare9sfoot Sedge.
           In low grounds, common—particularly in the meadows of
         the Neck. Perennial. June.

scoparia.    10.  C. spikelets about five,  alternate,  elliptical,
           obtuse, almost close together;  fruit ovate-lan-
           ceolate, marginate, bicuspidate; bractes oblong,
           mucronate.— WiUd.
         C. viridula, Mich.
           Icon. Schk.  Car. t. Xxx. f.  175.

           Resembles No. 8, and grows in similar places; very com-
         mon. Perennial. May.

festucacea.  11.  C, spikelets about 8,  nearly close  together,
           alternate,  cylindrical,  those in fruit  clavate;
lagopodioi-
des. 
MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA.
153
 fruit subrotund-ovate,  rostrate, bidentate,  ci-
 liate-serrated on  the margin,  larger than  the
 lanceolate-mucronate scale.—WiUd.
   Icon. Schk. Car. t. Www. f. 173.

              Fescue-like Sedge.
In dry woods, common. Perennial. May.
12. C. spike  androgynous, compound; spikelets snaminea.
  about five,  subrotund, masculine below, almost
  close together; stigmas two;  fruit subrotund-
  ovate, rostrate, bidentate, ciliate-serrated on the
  margin, larger than the lanceolate scale.— Willd.
     Schk. Car. p. 49. n. 38. t. G. f. 34. et t. Xxx.
  f. 174.
              Straw-coloured Sedge.
  In woods, not uncommon. Perennial. June.
            f f f Spikes of distinct sexes.
  * Male spike often solitary, the others feminine or partly
                   androgynous.
13. C. feminine spikes cylindrical, obtuse, about caspitosa.
  three, distant, below on short projecting pedun-
  cles ; fruit ovate-obtuse, perforated at the mouth,
  larger than  the oblong-obtuse scale; leaves
  spreading.—Willd.
C. polyandra, Schk. Car. 1. p. 59. t. Dd. f. 90.

                   Turfy Sedge.
  This species grows in large tufts together, and is the most
common one in this neighbourhood.  In all meadows and low
grounds.  Perennial.   May.
14.  C.  masculine  spikes  two,   feminine  four, crinita.
  distant, pedunculated,  pendulous, cylindrical;
  fruit  subrotund-eliiptical,   ventricose,   very
  shortly  rostellate, entire at the mouth, short-
  er than the oblong,  aristated scale.—WiUd. and

     Icon. Schk. Eee. f. 125. et t. Ttt. f. 164.
                       14* 
154
MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA.
                            Chaffy Sedge.

            Grows in similar places with No. 12, and also very common.
          Perennial. June.

 acuta.     15. C.  masculine spikes two  or three, feminine
            about four, subpedunculated, subnutant,  cylin-
            drical, remote; fruit oblong, very shortly ros-
            tellate; mouth entire, equal to the oblong-acute
            scales.—Willd.
              Icon. Schk. Car. t. Ee. et Ff. f. 92.

                           Cutting Sedge.
           Common in low boggy ground. Perennial. May.


                        § 2. Stigmas three.
             t Spikes androgynous, with the summits masculine.
                              None.

              f f Terminal spikes male, the rest androgynous.
vir«cen..   16. C. spike  androgynous,  linear-pedunculated,
           masculine below, feminine sub-approximated, by
           pairs, sub-pedunculated, linear; fruit globose-
           triquetrous, obtuse, pubescent.—Willd.
         C. virescens, Muhl.
              Icon. Schk. Car. t.  Mmm. f.  147.

                           Green Sedge.
          In woods and hills, common; very tall.  Perennial. June.

Buxbaumii.  17.  C. spike androgynous,  pedunculated, obovate,
           masculine  below, feminine subternate, remote,
           sub-pedunculated ;  fruit  elliptical, triquetrous,
           obtuse, obsoletely bidt ntated, equal to the  ob-
          long, mucronate scale___Willd.
         C. pol^gama,  Schk.
          Icon. Schk.  Car. t. X. Gg. f.  76.

                        Buxbaums9  Sedge.
          In wet places; rare.  Perennial.  May. 
MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA.
155
             111 Spikes of distinct sexes.
* Male  spike solitary, female ones sessile or  with the pe-
                 duncles included.
18. C.  feminine spikes about three, sub-approxi- **"»•
  mated, sessile, nearly globose;  fruit  sub-glo-
  bose, triquetrous, rostrate, bidentate, pubescent,
  shorter  than the oblong scale; culm erect.—
   Willd.
     Icon. Schk. Car. t.  Uuu. f. 167.

                 Variable Sedge.
       In dry woods, common.  Perennial. May.

19. C. feminine spikes about two, approximated, marginata.
   sub-globose, sub-sessile; fruit  globose, tomen-
  tose, bidentate,  larger than  the oblong-ovate
  scale;  radical leaves  longer than the culm.—
   Willd.
     Icon. Schk. Car. t. Lll. f. 143.

               Marginated Sedge.
  A beautiful species, and very common, particularly in Jersey,
in  woods  and on their borders, also by  fences.  Perennial.
April.
20. C. masculine spike lanceolate, feminine two, ve*tita.
   ovate, sessile, approximated; fruit ovate, ros-
   trate, obliquely pubescent at  the mouth, nearly
   equal to the ovate-acute scale.—Willd.
     Icon. Schk. Car. t. Bbbb. f. 182.

               Hairy-beaked Sedge.
  In shady wet woods, especially in the Neck; common. Pe-
rennial.  June.
21. C. feminine spikes three, on included peduncles: tentacuiata.
   ovate, almost in contact; bractes  very  long,
   leafy;  fruit ovate, ventricose,  nerved,  very
   long,  rostrate :   mouth bidentate, longer than
   the lanceolate-mucronate scale.—WiUd.
     Icon. Schk. Car.  t. Ggg. f. 130. 
156
MONOECIA, TRTANDRIA.
                       Long-pointed Sedge.
          In wet woods and boggy ground, not  rare.  Perennial.
         May.

rostrau.    22. C. masculine spikes solitary;  scales  oblong
           with very long awns, feminine cylindrical, two,
           the  lower  on  projecting  peduncles; stigmas
           three; fruit ovate, inflated, 5-nerved, rostrate,
           bidentate at the mouth, longer than the  oblong
           aristated scale.— Willd.
         C. rostrata, Muhl.

                          Beaked Sedge.
          In damp woods; common. Perennial. June.

raiHaris.    23. C. feminine  spike for  the most part solitary,
           sessile, ovate;  bracte setaceous; fruit globose,
           smooth.—Mich.

          On the shady banks of the Wissahickon; not unfrequent.
         Perennial. May.

lupuiina,    24. C. feminine spikes three, on included peduncles;
           oblong, close together; bractes very long, leafy;
           fruit ovate, ventricose, nerved, very long, conic-
           rostrate, bicuspidate at the mouth, much longer
           than the ovate-mucronate scale.—Willd.
         C. lupuiina, Muhl.
             Icon. Schk.  Car. t. Ddd. f. 1-23. and t. Iii. f.
           194.

                          Hop-like Sedge.
          Fruit heads very large. In the boggy woods of Jersey, on
         the Woodbury road;  not common.   Perennial.  June.

oiigocarpa.  25. C. feminine spikes 2, 3 or 4-flowered,  pedun-
           culated below ; fruit subrotund-triquetrous, obo-
           vate, rostellate;  mouth entire, longer  than the
           oblong-mucronate scale.—WiUd.
         C. paupercula, Mich.                 |
           Icon. Schk. Car. t. Vvv. f. 170. 
MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA.                 157
           In moist places.  Perennial.  May.

26. C. feminine spike sub-solitary, about 6-flower- foiiicuiata.
   ed,  peduncles sub-exserted; fruit ovate, ven-
   tricose, nerved, rostrate,  2-cleft at the mouth,
   longer than the ovate scale.— Willd.
     Icon. Schk. Car. t. N. f. 52.

               Round-spiked Sedge.
                  Fellow Sedge.                   0 xanth$-
  In damp woods and shady copses; common.  Perennial.
June. 0. more rare.

* * Male spikes solitary, female long pedunculate;  sheaths
                       short.
27. C. spikes pedunculated, feminine four, dis- piantaginea.
   tant;   fruit elliptical, triquetrous, pedicellate,
   glabrous,   shorter  than  the  ovate-cuspidate
   scale;  bractes sheathing, somewhat leafy  at the
   top;  radical ones lanceolate, nerved.—Willd.
C. latifolia, Wahlb.  act.  Holm.   1803.  p.  156.
   (Pursh.)
     Icon. Schk. Car. t. U. f.  70.  et  t. Kkkk.  f.
   195.
                 Plantane Sedge.
  Leaves very broad. In shady woods, common; particularly
on the Wissahickon.  Perennial.  May, June.

28. C. feminine spikes three, remote, lower ones ancep«.
   pedunculate;  fruit ovate, nerved,  membrana-
   ceous at the mouth, longer than the oblong-mu-
   cronate scale.—Willd.
C. striatula, Mich.
   Icon. Schk. Car. t. Fff.  f. 128.

                Two-edged Sedge.
  In the meadow grounds of Jersey.  Perennial.  June.

29. C. feminine spikes about four,  remote,  with flexuosa.
  filiform, drooping peduncles; fruit distant, al- 
158
MONOECIA, TRIANDRIA.
           ternate, oblong-rostrate, bifid, twice the length
           of the ovate-mucronate scale.— Willd.
         C. debilis, Mich.
         C. tenuis, Rudge in Lin. trans, t. 7. p. 79.
           Icon. Schk. Car. t. Ddd. et Aaaa. f. 124.

                       Zigzag-spiked Sedge.
           In the sandy, low wet grounds of Jersey and the Neck. Pe-
         rennial. June.

         * * * Male spike solitary, female ones pedunculate, sheaths
                            almost none.
miiiacea.    30.  C. feminine spikes three, pedunculate, 8-flow-
           ered,  upper  ones  sessile;  fruit ovate-triquet-
           rous,  shortly rostrate,  entire at  the mouth,
           longer than   the  oblong-emarginate   aristate
           scale.—Willd.
             Icon. Schk. Car. t. Ooo. f. 151.

                           Millet Sedge.
           In the shady woods bordering the Wissahickon.  Perennial.
         July.
riparia.     31.  C. masculine spikes four, feminine two, erect,
           cylindrical, pedunculated; fruit oblong,  many-
           nerved, rostrate, bifurcated, longer  than  the
           oblong-mucronate scale.—WiUd.
         C. lacustris, Willd. and Pursh.

                           Strand Carex.
           A very large species, every where common on the shores
         of the Delaware. Perennial. June.

           Mr.  Collins, who has paid very close attention to this diffi-
         cult  genus, informs me, that all the species enumerated by Dr.
         Muhlenberg, with the exception perhaps of six or eight, grow
         within ten miles of Philadelphia.  The above are all the species
         I have yet met with.

                348. COMPTONTA. Gaertner. (Amentacex.)

         Masc.  Ament cylindric, scales  1-flowered;
           corolla none.  Stamina 3 or  % filaments
           simple.  Fem.  Ament  ovate.   Calix  at 
MONOECIA, TETRANDRIA.
159
  length 6-leaved.   Corolla none.  Styles 2.
  Nut oval, 1-celled.—Nutt.

1. C. leaves long-linear,  alternately crenate-pin- aspienifoiia.
  na.tifi(\.—WiUd.
Liquidambar pcregrinum, Syst. Veg. 860.
L. asplenifolium, Sp. PI. 1418.
  Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1. 1.19.

       Sweet Fern. Fern-leaved Gale, Sfc.
  About two feet high. Whole plant possessing a fine aro-
matic, resinous odour.  Possesses medicinal properties.  (See
Bart. Veg.  Mat. Med. U. S.)  In  Jersey, on the borders of
woods; very common.  On the high banks of the Wissahick-
on, abundant.  Perennial. April.
        ORDER IV.  TETRANDRIA.

 349. ALNUS. Willdenow. Sp. pi. 4. p. 334. (Jlmentacex.)

Masc.  Ament composed of 3-flowered, cu-
   neiform truncated receptacles.    Calix the
   scales of the anient.  Corolla 4-parted. Fem.
   Calix  scales  2-flowered.    Corolla none.
   Seeds compressed, ovate, apterous.—Nutt.

1. A. leaves obovate,  acuminate; veins and axills serruiata.
   of the veins  hairy underneath; stipules ellipti-
   cal-obtuse.—Willd.
Betula serratula, Ait.
B. rugosa, Ehrh.
   Icon. Mich. f. Arbres forest, vol. 3. p. 320. t. 4.

   Common Alder.  Candle Alder.  Hazel Alder.
  A shrub from five to twelve feet high, growing in great
quantities along the margins of all  our waters, and in swamps.
It is said to possess medicinal properties,  lj . March, April.

2. A. leaves subrotund-cuneate, obtuse, subretuse, giutinosa?
   glutinous; axills of the veins villous beneath.—
 .  Willd. 
160
MONOEC1A, TETRANDRIA.
         Betula Alnus, Sp. PI.  1394.
           Icon. Engl. Bot. 1508.

                            Alder-tree.
          On the banks of creeks and other waters; rare. \ . April.

               350. BCEHMERIA. Gen. pi. 1421.  (Urticx.)

         Masc. Calix 4-parted.  Corolla none. Nec-
           tary none.  Fem.  Calix and  corolla none.
           Seed  1,  compressed.—Nutt.

cyiindnca.   1.  B.  leaves  opposite, ovate-oblong, acuminate,
           dentate, glabrous; flowers dioicous; male spikes
           glomerate,  interrupted, feminine cylindrical;
           stem herbaceous.—Willd.
         Urtica cylindrica, L. and Mich.
           Icon. Sloan. Hist. Jam. 1. t. 82. f. 2.

          An ordinary looking plant, from eighteen inches to two feet
         high.  In shady places along the margins of water courses; not
         rare.  Perennial. June, July.

                 351. URTICA. Gen. pi. 1422. (Urticx.)

         Masc. Calix 4-leaved. Corolla none.  Nec-
           tary central, mostly cyathiform. Fem.  Ca-
           lix  2-valved.  Corolla none.   Seed 1, shin-
           ing.—Nutt.

pumiia.    1. U. leaves opposite, ovate-acuminate, three-ner-
           ved, serrated ;  lower petioles the length of the
           leaves; flowers  monoicous,  triandrous,  capi-
           tate-corymbose, shorter than the petiole.—WiUd.

                   Pellucid Nettle.  Rich Weed.
          A common looking plant, varying in size from two inches to
         fifteen.  Leaves and stem shining, smooth, pellucid.  Near
         springs and rivulets; in shady damp places, and in moist woods
         near water-courses; every where abundant. Perennial. August. 
           MONOECIA, TETRANDRIA.                161

2. U. leaves opposite, cordate, ovate-lanceolate, dioica.
   deeply serrated;  flowers dioicous;  spikes pa-
   niculated, glomerate, in pairs, longer than the
   petiole.— Willd.
     Icon.  Fl.  Dan. 746. and Woodville's Med.
   Bot. vol. 3. t. 146.


                  Common Nettle.

  From one to two feet high, always growing in quantities to-
gether.  Nettle was formerly much used as a medicine. (See
Woodville;)  it  is still  employed in domestic practice. In
wastes and among rubbish near habitations, introduced, but
naturalized.  Perennial   June, July.


3. U. leaves  alternate, cordate-ovate,  acuminate, capiuta?
   serrated, three-nerved, twice as long as the peti-
   ole ; glomeruli spiked; spikes solitary, shorter
   than the leaf, leafy above; stem naked.—WiUd.
   and Pursh.


  About the same size as No. 2, which it resembles.  Along
the margins  of the Delaware, both sides, in thickets; com-
mon.  Perennial.  July.


4. U. leaves alternate, cordate-ovate, acuminate, canadensis.
   serrated, every where hispid; panicles axillary,
   for the most part in pairs, divaricately and very
   much branched, the lower ones masculine, long-
   er than  the petiole, the upper ones  elongated,
   feminine;  stem  very hispid  and  stinging.—
   Willd.
     Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 237. f.  2.


                  Hemp Nettle.

  A large and common looking plant, from two to  six feet
high.  Leaves large.  The bark of this species affords a fine
strong hemp, well worth  attention.   In shady woods and
thickets along the Schuylkill; common.  Perennial.  July,
August.
   VOL. II.            15 
162               MONOECIA, PENTANDRIA.
                 352. MORUS. Gen. pi. 1224. ( Urticx.)

        Masc.  Calix 4-parted.  Corolla  none. Fem.
           Calix 4-leaved.  Corolla none.  Styles 2.
           Calix becoming a berry.   Seeds solitary.

           —Nutt.

rubra.     l. M. leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate,  or three
           lobed, equally  serrated, rough, pubescent be-
           neath; feminine aments cylindrical.— WiUd.
             Icon. Mich. arb. forest. 3. p. 232. t. 10.

                          Red Mulberry.

          The red Mulberry tree is well-known. Its wood is durable.
        On the borders of fields in the neighbourhood. ^ . June.
                ORDER V.—PENTANDRIA.


            353. AMARANTHUS. Gen. pi. 1431. (Jlmaranthi.)


         Calix 3 or 5-leaved. Corolla none.  Stamina
           3  or 5.    Styles 3.    Capsule   1-celled,
           1-seeded,  opening   all round.—Nutt.


aibus.      1. A. glomeruli  axillary, triandrous;  stem four-
           angled, simple.—Willd.
             Icon. Willd. amaranth, t. 1. f. 2. (Pursh.)

          A common weed, in the suburbs of our city and liberties;
         and near habitations elsewhere in the neighbourhood.  Flow-
         ers very inconspicuous.  Annual. All summer.


hybridus.    i. A. racemes pentandrous, decompound, crowded,
           erect; leaves ovate-lanceolate.—Willd.

                   Cluster-flowered Amaranth.

          Also a common weed, in cidtivated grounds  and wastes.
         Annual. All summer. 
MONOECIA, HEXANDRIA.               163
S. A. glomeruli axillary, in pairs, triandrous; virMW
  masculine flowers triphyllous;  leaves elliptical,
  emarginate, undulated  on the  margin.—Willd.
  Amaranth.
          ■    ■     y i ■' - ■   .
            Green-flowered Amaranth.

  Also a weed, found among rubbish;  but rather rare. An-
nual.   July. August.


4. A. racemes pentandrous, terminal, compound; spino»n«,
  axills spinous.—Willd.  Amaranth.

               Prickly Amaranth.

  One of the  commonest weeds in our country—it always
grows in large quantities together.  Stems red and sometimes
the leaves. About two feet or more high, very much branched.
In the streets of the suburbs of our city and liberties, and all
the villages in the neighbourhood;  in wastes and on road-
sides ; abundant.  Full of thorns.  Annual.  All summer.
        ORDER  VI.  HEXANDRIA.

       354. ZIZANIA. Gen. pi. 1433. (Graminex.)

Masc. Calix none.  Corolla 2-valved, awn-
  less. Fem. Calix none.  Corolla 2-valved,
  cucullate, awned. Style 2-parted.  Seed 1,
  invested by the corolla.—Nutt.

1. Z. panicle pyramidal, masculine,  divaricating aquatica.
  below, above spiked and feminine; props of the
  flowers  clavate, awned,  long; seed  long.—
  Pursh.
Z. aquatica, Lambert, in Lin. tran. 7. p. 264.
Z. paiustris, L. Mant. 295.  Gron. Virg. 148.
  and Scbreber, Gram. p. 54. t. 29.
Z. clavulosa, Mich.
  Icon. Lambert, as above, (excellent.) 
164               MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
     Tuscarora Rice. Wild Rice.  Indian Rice.

  From three to six feet high. On the shores of the Dela-
ware and Schuylkill, and in ditches in the Neck, in profusion.
Perennial. July, August.
                ORDER VI.  POLYANDRIA.

            355. MYRIOPHYLLUM. Gen. pi. 1440. (Mijades.)

         Calix 4-cleft.  Petals 4, caducous.  Stamina
           4, 6, or 8.  Germs 4.  Styles none.  Stig-
           mas pubescent.  Seeds 4, coated.—Nutt.

ambiguum.   l. M. stem floating, dichotomous; leaves petiolate,
           pseudopinnate, the lowest capillary, emerging
           ones pectinate, uppermost nearly  entire, sub-
           serrate; anthers partly oblong.—Obs. Stem dif-
           fusely dichotomous, floating, radicles often sim-
           ple. Leaves attenuated  below so  as to appear
           petiolated,  pectinately  pinnatifid;  immersed
           leaves divided  into long  capillary segments, di-
           visions  of the upper leaves short, setaceous and
           acute, from one to five pair; uppermost leaves
           often oblong-linear and nearly entire. Flowers
           axillary, solitary, sessile, bibracteate, bractes
           dentiform, acute.  Germ quadrangular, angles
           terminating above in the segments of the  calix.
           Calix 4-parted, divisions  oblong-ovate,  erect,
           concave,  reddish.  Stamina  the length of the
           calix, sheathed by its  segments, not exserted;
           filaments minute;  anthers  somewhat  oblong.
           Styles none. Stigmas 4,  roundish and villous or
           pencillate.  Fruit 4  coated, cylindric-oblong
           seeds, furnished with  internal sutures, and at-
           tached to a minute setaceous  axis.—Nutt.
        Myriophyllum-Ptilophyllum, ambiguum, Nutt.
In springs, ponds and ditches, in Jersey; common. 
M0NOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
165
Stem rooting, erect; leaves rigid,partly entire,or 0 trrumm.
  divided  above,  mostly  trifid;  segments seta-
  ceous and acute.—Nutt.
Purshia  humilis,  Rafinesque, New York  Med.
  Rep. 2. p. 361?

  A small plant, growing on the overflowed banks of the Dela-
ware, just above Kensington.

      356.  SAGITTARIA. Gen. pi. 1441. (Junci.)
Calix 3-leaved.    Petals 3.   Stamina about
  24. Germs many. Capsules ? aggregated,
  1-seeded,  not  opening.—Nutt.

1. S. leaves ovate, acute, sagittate; lobes ovate, sagittitoiia.
  very slenderly  acuminated,  straight;  scape
  simple;  flowers inonoicous; bractes  subrotund-
  obtuse.— Willd.
S. sagittifolia, Mich, and Muhl.
S. latifolia, Pursh, and Willd.

leaves large,   abruptly  acute;  scape somewhat0 m/oUa.
  branched ;  flowers dioicous.—Pursh.
S. sagittifolia, p. major, Pursh.

            Arrow-leaved  Arrow-head.
  A very fine looking plant, in profusion in all the ditches and
on the margins of all the waters of our neighbourhood.  From
twelve inches to three feet high.  Flowers white. 0. is also
very common, and always a much larger plant.  The Indians
are said to have roasted the roots of this plant for food.  Pe-
rennial. July, August.

2. S. leaves dilate-ovate,  rotund-obtuse, mucro-obUlsa<
  nate, sagittate;  lobes  close together, oblong,
  obliquely acuminated,  straight; scape single;
  flowers dioicous; bractes ovate, acute.—Willd.
  and Pursh.

            Obtuse-leaved Arrow-head.
  In similar places with the preceding, but rare. Flowers also
white.  Perennial. July, August.
                          15* 
 166                MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.

 heterophyiia? 3. s. leaves simple, linear and lanceolate, acute at
            each end. or elliptical acute;  base obtuse, sa-
            gittate ; lobe divaricate, linear;  scape simple,
            few-flowered;   flowers  monoicous,  feminine
            sessile;    bractes  broad-ovate,   acuminate.—
            Pursh.
          S. lancifolia, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph.


                     Varying-leaved Arrow-head.

            I am not certain that the plant intended above, is Pursh's
         heterophyiia, but  it fits the description in part. It can  hardly
         be the lancifolia  of Mich., which is a southern  plant.  In
         similar places with No. 1, common, varying in size from one to
         three feet. The scapes are round, the long petioles triangular;
         sheathing at the root.  In a pool on the left of the road near
         Lemon-hill, abundant.  Perennial.  June, August.


acutifoiia.  4. S.  leaves subulate, sheathing at the base;  back
            convex;  scape  simple, few-flowered ;  flowers
            monoicous; bractes dilated, acuminate.—Pursh.


                      Acute-leaved Arrow-head.

           From three to ten inches high. Leaves often with a dilated
         point.  On the marshy shores of the Delaware, at low tide;
         common.   Perennial.  July, August.


subuiata.   5. s. leaves linear, obtuse and  short, the summits
            foliaceous ; scape simple, shorter than the leaves;
            flowers monoicous, few; female flower solitary,
            deflected ;  stamina mostly seven___Nutt.
         S. pusilla, Nutt.
         Alisma subulata, Pursh.


           From one to three or four inches high.  I have strong sus-
         picions that this is  nothing more than a variety of No. 4  For
         the present I leave it undecided.  With No. 4, common  Pe-
         rennial.  July, August. 
           MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.                167

 § 1. Fructification biennial; leaves setaceously mu-
                     cronate.

               f Leaves mostly entire.

       357. QUERCUS. Gen. pi. 1446. (Amentacex.)

 Masc.  Calix mostly 5-cleft.   Corolla  none.
   Stamina  5 to  10.   Fem. Calix 1-leaved,
   entire, scabrous.   Corolla none.  Styles 2
   to 5.   Nut (or gland) coriaceous,  mostly
   surrounded at the base by the  persistent
   calix.—Nutt.

 1.  Q. leaves  deciduous, linear-lanceolate, atten- Pheiios.
   uated at each end,  very entire, glabrous, mu-
   cronate ; cup  scutellatc;  acorn  subrotund.—
   Willd. and Pursh.
 Q. Phelios  sylvatica, Mich. Querc. n. 7.
   Icon.  Mich, as above. Mich. f. Arb. forest. 2.
 t. 12.

                  Willow Oak.
  Forty or forty-five feet high.  Leaves resembling those of
 the willow. In low swampy grounds, especially in Jersey. \ .
 May.

 2. Q. leaves deciduous, oblong, acute at each end, imbticana,
   mucronate, very entire,  shining, pubescent be-
   neath ;  cup scutellate;  scales   broad-ovate;
   acorn  sub-globose.—Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Mich.  Querc. n.  9. t. 15 and 16. Mich.
   f. Arbr. forest, 2. p. 78.  t. 13.

      Laurel Oak.  Jack Oak.  Shingle Oak.
  Forty or fifty feet high. In the woods, close to Woodbury;
very rare. I2 . May, June.


          f f Leaves toothed or shortly lobed.
3. Q. leaves on long petiolates, ovate-lanceolate or heterophyiia. 
168
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
           oblong, entire, or unequally toothed with large
           dentures; cup hemispherical; acorn sub-globose.
           —Mich.f.
              Icon. Mich. f. Arbres. forest. 2. p. 87.

         Burner's Oak. Bartram^s Oak. Various-leaved Oak.
           The only individual of this species known ; supposed to be
         a hybrid.  On the banks of the Delaware, at Kingsess.  lj .
         May.

aquatica.   4. Q. leaves ovate-cuneiform, glabrous, very en-
           tire; apex obscurely 3-lobed,  intermediate lobe
           longest; cup hemispherical; gland sub-globose.
           —Willd.
         Q. nigra, Sp. PI. 1413.
         Q. uliginosa, VVangh.  Amer. (Pursh.)
           Icon. Mich. Querc. n.  11. t. 19. t. 20. fig. 1, 3,
         4, 5, and t. 21. Mich.  f. Arbr. forest. 2.  p. 89.
         t. 17.
                            Water Oak.
           In the swampy woods two miles south-east of the Buck-inn,
         on the Lancaster road;  very rare.  The leaves of this species
         vary very much, lj .  May.

n'g«»-     5. Q. leaves coriaceous, cuneiform, subcordate at
           base;  apex  dilated,  retuse,  sub-three-lobed;
           younger ones mucronate, glabrous above, rusty-
           pulverulent beneath; cup turbinated; scales ob-
           tuse, scarious ; acorn short-ovate—WiUd.
         Q. nigra, 0. Sp. PI. 1413.
         Q. ferruginea, Mich. f. Arb.  forest. 2. p. 92.
           Icon. Mich. Querc.  n.  12. t.  22, 23. Mich. f.
         Arb. forest,  t. 18. Catesby. Car. l.t.  19.

                   Barren  Oak.   Black Jack.
           In the sandy woods of Jersey, near Haddonfield and Wood-
         bury; not rare.  lj .   May.

linctona.    6. Q. leaves  obovate-oblong, very slightly scollop-
           ed, pubescent beneath; lobes oblong, obtuse, ob-
           soletely denticulate, with  a bristly point; cup 
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.               169
  scutellate;   acorn  depressed-globose.— Willd.
  and Pursh.
Q. tinctoria angulosa, Mich. Querc.
Q. discolor, Willd. nov. act. soc. nat. scrut. berol.
  3. p. 399.
Q. \clutina, Lamarck.

       Black Oak.  Quercitron.  Dyer's Oak.
  In the hilly woods of our neighbourhood. ^ .  May.

7. Q. leaves oblong, pinnatifid-scolloped,  pubes- discoi«r.
  cent beneath; lobes  oblong, dentated, bristly-
  mucronate; cup turbinate; acorn ovate.—WiUd.
  and Pursh.
Q. tinctoria sinuosa, Mich. Querc.
  Icon. Abbot's Insects, 2. p. 111.  and. 56.

   Black Oak.  Red Oak.   Two-coloured Oak.
  Resembles No. 4, very much. Found with it. \ . May.


        111 Leaves deeply scolloped and lobed.

8. Q. leaves on long petioles, oblong, deeply scol- «°«cinea,
  loped,  glabrous;  lobes divaricate,  dentated,
  acute,  bristly-mucronate;  cup  turbinate,  re-
  markably  scally; acorn short-ovate.—Willd.
  and Pursh.
     Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 18. t. 31, 32. Mich. f.
  Arbr. forest. 2.  p. 116. t. 23.

                  Scarlet Oak.
  In rich woods; very rare.  \ .  May.

9. Q. leaves  on long petioles, oblong, glabrous,rubra.
  obtuse, scolloped ; lobes  somewhat acute, denta-
  ted, with a bristly point; cup scutcllate, near-
  ly even; acorn  sub-ovate,  turgid.—Willd. and
  Pursh.
     Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 20. t. 35. 36. Mich.
  f.  Arbr. forest. 2. p. 126. t. 26. 
170                MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.

                            Red Oak.
           The finest timber tree among the oaks. In all our woods.
         »2 . .May.

faicata.     10. Q.  leaves on long petioles, obtuse at the base,
           tomentose beneath,  three-lobed or  scolloped;
           lobes sub-falcate, with a bristly point, terminal,
           elongated; cup crateriform; acorn  globose.—
           Mich.fl. Amer.
         Q. elongata, Willd.
            Icon. Mich.  Querc. No.  16.  t. 28. Mich. f.
         Arbr. forest. 2. p. 104. t. 21.

                 Spanish Oak.  Downy-red Oak.
           In the low woods of Jersey.  \. May.

paiustris.    11. Q.  leaves on long petioles, oblong, deeply scol-
           loped, glabrous; axills of the veins villous  be-
           neath: lobes divaricate, dentated, acute, with a
           bristly point; cup scutellate, even; acorn sub-
           globose.— WiUd. and Pursh.
             Icon. Mich.  Querc. No. 19.  t. 33. 34. Mich.
           f. Arb. forest. 2. p. 123. t. 25.

              ,   Swamp Spanish Oak.  Pin Oak.
           Leaves small. In low damp woods, lj. May.

Banisteri.   12. Q.  leaves on long petioles, obovate-cuneiform,
           three or five-lobed,  margin very entire, with
           an ash-coloured tomentum beneath:  lobes with
           a  bristly point;  cup  somewhat   turbinate;
           acorn sub-globose.—Mich. fl. Amer.
         Q. illicitblia, Willd. and Wangh.
           Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 15. t. 27. Mich. f. Arbr.
         forest.  2. p. 96. t. 19.

          Bear Oak.  Black Scrub Oak. Dwarf Red Oak.
                        Banister's Oak.
          A small species,  being little else than a shrub ; from 4 to 6
         feet high. On the high banks of the Wissahickon, near Lang-
         stroth's mills, abundant. ^ .  May. 
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
171
    § 2. Fructification annual; leaves awnless.
                 j- Leaves lobed.
13. Q. leaves oblong, scolloped, cuneate at base, pu- obtmiioba.
  bescent beneath : lobes obtuse, upper ones dila-
  ted, 2-lobed: cup  hemispherical;  acorn oval.
  —Mich.fl. Amer. and Pursh.
Q. stellata,  Willd. and Wangh.
  Icon. Mich. Querc.  No. 1. t. 1.  Mich. Arb. fo-
     rest.  2. t. 4.

Upland  White Oak. Iron Oak. Barren White Oak.
                   Post Oak.
  In barren woods. b_. May.

14. Q.  leaves  oblong, pinnatifid-sinuate,  pubes-aiba.
  cent  beneath : lobes linear-lanceolate,  obtuse,
  very  entire, attenuated at the  base; fruit pe-
  dunculated;  cup   sub-craterate,  tuberculate,
  flat at the  base; acorn ovate.-—Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest, vol. 2. t. 1.

                  White Oak.
  One of the commonest, and a very useful species.  b_ ■ May.
              ff Leaves entire, toothed.
15. Q. leaves on long petioles, obovate, acute, pu- Prinus.
  bescent beneath, deeply dentated; teeth nearly
  equal,  dilated, point callous;  cup  craterate,
  narrowed  at base; acorn  ovate.—Willd. and
  Pursh.
Q. Prinus paiustris, Mich. fl. Am.
  Icon. Mich. Querc. n. 5. t. 6. Mich. f. Arbr.
forest. 2.t. 7. Catesby. Car. 1. t. 18.

   Chesnut White Oak.  Swamp Chesnut  Oak.
  On the banks of the Schuylkill,  above the  falls.  Fruit
large.  b_ .  May. 
172
MONOEICA, POLYANDRIA.
 bicoior.    16. Q. leaves on short petioles, oblong-ovate, with
           a  white tomentum beneath, deeply  dentated,
           very entire at the base; teeth unequal, dilated,
           somewhat  acute, the point callous; the fruit in
           pairs, on long peduncles; peduncle terminating
           in a  bristle;  cup hemispherical;  acorn ob-
           long-ovate.— WiUd. and Pursh.
         Q. Prinus tontentosa, Mich. Querc.
         Q. Prinus discolor,  Mich. f.  Arbr. forest.  2.  p.
           46. t. 6.?

                       Swamp White Oak.
                   In  wet or boggy woods.  \ . May.

 Montana.   \j,  q. leaves on petioles  of a middling length,
           broad-ovate, oblong, with a white tomentum be-
           neath, shining above, deeply  dentated, obtuse
           and unequal at base; teeth  nearly equal, very
           obtuse, short; fruit in pairs, on short peduncles;
           cup hemispherical; scales tuberculate, rugose;
           acorn ovate.— WiUd. and Pursh.
         Q. Prinus mouticola, Mich. Fl.  Amer.
           Icon. Mich. Querc. No.  5. t. 7. Mich. f. Arbr.
         forest. 2. t. 8. Abbot's Insects, 2. t. 82.

                       Rock  Chesnut Oak.
                 On Chesnut-hill; common.   \ •  May.

castanea.   18. Q. leaves on long petioles,  oblong-lanceolate,
           base  obtuse,  acuminate,  tomentose-beneath,
           deeply dentated; teeth sub-equal, dilated, acute,
           callous at the point; cup hemispherical; acorn
           ovate-sub-globose.— Willd. and Pursh.
         Q. Prinus acuminata, Mich. fl. Amer.
           Icon. Mich. Querc. No. 5. t.  8. Mich.  f.  Arbr.
         forest. 2. p. 61. t. 9.

                          Fellow Oak.
          A fine species.  On the  woods bordering the banks of the
         Delaware, nine or ten miles above Philadelphia, lj  . May. 
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
173
19. Q.  leaves on short petioles, obovate, acute at chinquapin.
  base, deeply  dentate,  glaucous beneath; teeth
  nearly equal, dilated, callous at the point;  cup
  hemispherical;  acorn ovate.—Pursh.
Q. Prinus Chinquapin, Mich. f.
Q. Prinoides, Willd.
  Icon. Mich. Querc. n. 5. t. 9. f. 1. Mich. f. Arbr.
forest. 2. t. 10.

     Chinquapin Oak.   Dwarf Chesnut Oak.
  A very handsome shrub, when in flower, in which state I
have found it from one to four  feet high.  On the edges of
woods near Kaighn's  point,  in the hedges bordering the
sandy fields near the  Delaware, and not far from Kaighn's
point; and in similar places near Woodbury. \ .  April, May.

      358. CORYLUS. Gen. pi. 1450. (Amentacex.)

Masc. Ament imbricated.  Calix the scales
   of ament.  Stamina 8.  Fem.  Calix 2- part-
   ed,  lacerate.    Styles 2.   Nut ovate, in-
   closed by the persistent calix.—Nutt.

1. C leaves subrotund, cordate-acuminate; calices Americana.
  of the fruit subrotund-campanulate, larger than
  the globose nut; limb dilated, dentate-serrated.
  — Willd.
    Icon. Wangh. Amer. t.  29. f. 63.

       American Hazel-nut.  Wild Filbert.
  A shrub, from five to eight feet high.  In shady woods on
the Chester-road, ten miles from the city. b_. March.

        359. FAG US. Gen. pi. 1448. (Amentacex.)

Masc. Ament roundish.   Calix 5-cleft, cam-
   panulate. Stamina  about 12. Fem. Calix
  4-toothed,  setose.  Germs 2. Nuts 2, in-
   cluded  in  the echinate,  coriaceous   and
   quadrifid calix.—Nutt.
    VOL. II.                 16 
174
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
fA^'catia.1' F*  leaves  ovate-acuminate, slightly dentate;
           margin  ciliate,  acute at base;  nuts ovate-tri-
           quetrous, obtuse,  with a  point.—Willd.  and
           Mich. f.
             Icon.  Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 2. p. 170.

                    Beech-tree.   White Beech.
          A fine tree, common in our woods, bordering waters,  lj.
         May.

ferruginea.   2. F. leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, pubescent
           beneath, deeply dentate, obtuse  at the base,
           sub-cordate, unequal; nut acutely  ovate-trique-
           trous, very acute.— Willd. and Pursh.
             Icon.  Mich. Arbr. 2. p. 174. t. 9.

                           Red Beech.
          On the edges of woods, on the Chester-road.   ^ . May,
         June.

            360. CASTANEA. Tournef. Inst. t. 352. (Amentacex.)
         Polygamous.—Masc  Ament naked,  linear.
           Corolla 5 or 6-parted.   Stamina 10 to 20.
           Fem.    Calix 5 or 6-leaved, muricate.
           Germs 3.   Stigma  pencillformed.   Nuts
           3, included in the echinated calix.—Nutt.

vesoa^     i.  C. leaves  lanceolate,  acuminate,  mucronate-
           serrated, every where smooth.—Willd.
         Fagus castanea, Hort. Clift. 447.
           Icon. Mich. Arbr. 2. p. 156. t. 6.

                        American Chesnut.
           A fine large tree, the fruit of which is well-known by the
         name of Chesnuts.  Every where in the woods; common. \ .
         May.

                361. BETULA. Gen. pi. 1419. (Amentacex.)

         Masc Ament imbricated,  scales peltate, 3- 
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
175
  flowered.  Calix consisting of scales.  Co-
  rolla none.   Stamina 10 to 12. Fem.  Ca-
  lix scales 2-flowered. Corolla none. Seed
  1, alated.—Nutt.

1. B. leaves deltoid, long, acuminated,  unequally popuiifoiia.
  serrated,  very glabrous;  lateral scale lobes of
  the strobiles  subrotund; petioles  smooth.—
  Willd.
B. acuminata, Ehrh.
B. lenta, Du Roi. harbk.  and Wangh. Amer.
  Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest.  2. p. 139. t. 2.

          White Birch.  Old-field Birch.
  A middling sized tree.  In woods on the Chester-road. b_.
June.

2. B. leaves ovate,  acuminate, doubly serrated; papyrifera.  ^
  veins hirsute beneath; petiole smooth ; feminine
  aments pedunculated, nutant; lateral scale lobes
  short, suborbiculate.— Willd. and Pursh.
B. papyracea, Willd. and Pursh.
  Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 2. p. 133. t. 1.

            Paper Birch.  Canoe Birch.
  A large tree. On the banks of the Schuylkill near the falls;
on Timber-creek, and elsewhere in Jersey.  b_. May.

3. B.  leaves cordate-ovate, narrowly  serrated, lenta.
  acuminate; nerves and petioles  hairy beneath;
  scabs of the strobiles smooth;  lobes  obtuse,
  equal, with raised veins.—Willd. and Pursh.
B. carpinifolia, Ehrh.
B. nigra, Du Roi. harbk. and Wangh. Amer.
  Icon. Mich. Arbr. 2. p. 145. t. 4.

Mountain Mahogany.  Black Birch.  Cherry Birch.
                 Sweet Birch.
  A large and elegant tree. Its branches have a fine sweet 
176
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
         aromatic taste and smell, and its wood is very fine and hand-
         some.  On the shores of the Schuylkill, east side, below the
         falls and elsewhere.  b_.  May.

              362. CARPINUS. Gen. pi. 1449. (Amentacex.)
         Ament imbricated.  Masc. Scales of the ca-
           lix ciliated.  Stamina about 10.  Fem. Ca-
           lix scales 2-flowered.  Corolla trifid. Nut
           ovate, sulcate.—Nutt.

Americana,  i. c. leaves oblong-ovate,  acuminate,  unequally
           serrated; scales of the strobiles three-parted,
           the intermediate segment ovate-lanceolate, late-
           ral one dentated.— Willd.
         C. Virginiana,  Mich. Arbr.  forest. 3. t. 8.

                      American Horn-beam.
          On Cooper's creek, the Wissahickon and  Schuylkill; not
         uncommon, lj . May.

             363. PLATANUS. Gen. pi. 1451. (Amentacex.)

         Ament globose.  Masc Calix none.  Corolla
           scarcely manifest.   Anthers adnate to the
           filaments from the base.  Fem.  Calix ma-
           ny-leaved. Corolla none. Stigmas recurv-
           ed.   Capsules sub-clavate, 1-seeded, mu-
           cronate with the style, pappose at the base.
           —Nutt.

occidentaiis.  j. p. leaves five-angular, obscurely lobate, den-
           tated ; branches whitish.*— Willd. and Pursh.
             Icon. Mich. Arbr. forest. 3. t. 3.

         Button-wood.  Water Beech. Sycamore. Plane-tree.
                    In Canada—Cotton-tree.
          The largest tree of North America.  I have seen it on the
        islands in the Susquehanna, near Peach-bottom, of an immense
        diameter.  In fields, and on the borders of rivers, and roads;
        common. lj .  May. 
MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
177
   364. LIQUIDAMBAR. Gen. pi 1452. (Amentacex.)

Masc  Ament conic,  surrounded with a 4-
  leaved involucrum. Calix and corolla none.
  Filaments numerous.   Fem. Ament  glo-
  bose, also surrounded with a 4-leaved in-
  volucrum.   Calix  1-leaved, urceolate, 2-
  flowered.  Styles 2.  Capsules 2, surround-
  ed by the base of the calix, 1-celled,  ma-
  ny-seeded.—Nutt.

1. L. leaves palmate; lobes  acuminate, serrated,styraciflua.
  sinus at the base of the veins, villous.— Willd.
  and Pursh.
     Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 3. p. 194. t. 4.

               Sweet Gum-tree.
  The wood of this tree has a hard fine grain. In woods, rare;
\l. May.
      365. JUGLANS. Gen. pi. 1446. (Amentacex.)

Masc.  Ament imbricated.  Calix consisting
  of scales.  Corolla 5 or  6-parted.  Stamina
  18 to  36.  Fem.  Calix 4-cleft, superior.
  Corolla 4-parted.  Styles  1  or 2.   Drupe
  partly spongy; not rugose, and irregularly
  furrowed.—Nutt.
1. J. folioles numerous, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, nigra.
  subcordate, narrow above, the under side and the
  petioles sub-pubescent;  fruit  globular, rough,
  dotted; nut corrugated.—Willd.
     Icon. Mich. f.  Arbr. forest, l.p. 157. t.  1.
  Catesb. Car. 1. t. 67.

                Black Walnut.
  A stately tree, affording an excellent durable wood for cabi-
net ware, and an esculent nut. In the rich woods of our neigh-
bourhood,  very common. \ . April.
                      16# 
178              MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
        366. CARYA. Nutt. Gen. Am. pi. vol. 2. p. 220. (Amentacex.)

        Masc  Ament imbricated.   Calix 3-parted
           scales.   Corolla  none.   Stamina  4 to 6.
           Fem.   Calix  4-cleft,  superior.   Corolla
           none.  Styles none.  Stigma partly discoid,
           4-lobed.   Pericarp 4-valved.  Nut  sub-
           quadrangular, even.—Nutt.

cathartica.  l. C.  folioles about 15, lanceolate, roundish-ob-
           tuse at the base, tomentose beneath,  slightly
           serrated;  fruit oblong-ovate, viscid, on a long
           peduncle; nut oblong-acuminated, remarkably
           rough.—Mich, fl
        Juglans cathartica, Mich. f.
        J. cinerea, Willd.
        J. oblonga, Mill. Diet,  and Retz.  Obs. 1. p. 10.
           Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. t. 2.

          Butter-nut.  Oil-nut.   White Walnut.  Purging
                          Hickory-nut.
          I have met with  this tree several times in this neighbour-
        hood, where it had the appearance of being indigenous,  b_.
        April, May.

iaciniosa.   2. C.  leaves large; folioles 7-9 pairs, ovate, acu-
           minate, serrated, sub-tomentose, the odd one
           petiolated; fruit large, ovate; nut oblong, thick,
           moderately compressed.—Mich.f.
        Juglans laciniosa, Mich. f.
        J. compressa, /3. macrocarpa,  Muhl.
        J. mucronata, Mich. fl.  Am.
        J. sulcata, Willd. and Pursh.
           Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1.1. 8.

          Thick Shell-bark Hickory.   Springfield or Glou-
                            cester-nut.
          This species is frequent about twelve miles from Philadel-
        phia, near Springfield. I have found it a mile or two south-east
        of Woodbury.  b_. April. 
          MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.                179

3. C. folioles 5, large, on long petioles, ovate-acu-squamosa.
  minate, serrated,  villous beneath, the odd one
  sessile; masculine aments compound, glabrous
  and filiform : fruit globose,  depressed, large:
  nut compressed, whitish.—Mich.fl
Juglans squamosa, Mich. f.
J. compressa, Gsert., Willd.; and Muhl. in nov.
  act. soc. nat. scrut. berol.  3. p. 390.
J. alba, Mich. fl.  Am. and Pursh.
  Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. t. 7.

Shell-bark Hickory.   Shagg-bark Hickory.  Scaly-
                  bark Hickory.
  The common shell-bark nuts which are so well-known and
so highly esteemed, are the fruit of this tree. In all our woods,
frequent. I2 . April.

leaflets about 5, oblong-lanceolate; sharply serru- 0 microcarpa.
  late,  and  conspicuously  acuminate,  on  both
  sides smooth, beneatli glandular, terminal leaf-
  let subpetiolate; fruit subglobose, pericarp thin ;
  nut partly quadrangular, small and rather, thin
  shelled, mucro  obsolete, truncate.—Nutt.
Juglans compressa, «. microcarpa, Muhl.
Carya microcarpa, Nutt.

  On the banks of the Schuylkill, on the road to the falls.
This is rather a variety of No. 2, as Muhl. considered it, than
a distinct species, as it is made by Mr. Nuttall. b_. May.

4. C. folioles 7-9  pairs, slightly serrated, conspi- tomentosa.
  cuously villous  beneath, the odd one sub-petio-
  late; aments compound, very long, filiform, re-
  markably tomentose; fruit globose or oblong; nut
  quadrangular, thick and very hard.—Mich.fl
Juglans alba, Willd.
  Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. p. 186. t. 6.

  Common Hickory. Mocker-nut Hickory.   White-
                  heart Hickory.
  This is the commonest species in our neighbourhood.  The
> 
180               MOXOECIA, POLYANDRIA.
          nuts are known by the name of Hickory-nuts, in contradistinc-
          tion to those of No. 2, which are called shell-barks. The shell
          of the present species  is very thick,  and difficult to crack.
          The kernel is also difficult to be got at, but sweet tasted.  lj .
          April.

 amara.     5. (j. tree large; folioles 7-9 pairs,  smooth,  con-
            spicuously serrated, the odd one  on  short pe-
            tioles ; fruit subrotund-ovate, above the suture a
            little promiifent;  nut even, sub-globose, mucro-
            nate; shell fragile, the kernel bitter.—Mich.fl
         Juglans amara,  Mich, and others.

            Bitter-nut.   White Hickory. Swamp Hickory.
           In rich woods, common.  The kernel is exceedingly bitter
         and astringent. Jj . May.

poicina.    6. C. leaves 5-7 pairs, ovate, acuminate, glabrous;
            masculine aments compound, filiform, glabrous;
           fruit  pyriform  or  globose; nut  small,  smooth,
           very  hard.—Mich.fl

* obcordata. fruit globose; nut obcordate, Mich.fl. Arbr. forest.
            1. p.  206. t.  9. f. 3 and  4.
         Juglans obcordata, Willd.

0fcifOrmh. fruit turbinated ; nut oblong, Mich. f. Arbr.forest.
           1. p.  209. t. 9. f. 1 and 2.
         Juglans glabra, Willd.

              Pig Nut.  Hog Nut. Broom  Hickory.

           The fruit of this species is not, in general, esculent, though
         I have sometimes tasted it not disagreeable. The wood of the
         present tree is made into what are called hickory-brooms, for
         washing pavements, &c. Common. b_ . April.

                 367. ARUM. Gen. pi. 1387. (AroMex.)

         Spatha cucullate.—Spadix above  naked, be-
           low feminine, in the middle staminiferous. 
          MONOECIA, POLYANDRIA.                181

   Calix and corolla none.  Berry  1  or many-
   seeded.—Nutt.

 1. A. stemless; leaves pedate; folioles lanceolate-Dracontium.
   oblong, very entire; spadix  subulate, longer
   than the oblong-convolute  spathe.—Willd. and
   Pursh.
     Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 271. f. 2.

 Green Dragon. Dragon Root.  Pedate-leaved Wake
                     Robin.

  About two feet high. Leaves large.  On the Wissahickon,
and the borders of the Schuylkill, west side; rather rare. Pe-
rennial. June.

2. A. subcaulescent; leaves ternate; folioles ovate, triphyiium.
   acuminate; spadix clavate, half the length  of
   the ovate, acuminate,flat, pedunculated spathe;
   flowers monoicous.— Willd.

with a green spathe.                              * vtrens.
   Icon. Pluk. amalth. t. 376. f. 3.

with a purple spathe.
     Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 77. f. 5.

                 Indian Turnip.
  A singular looking plant with  a hooded spathe, often pret-
tily striped within, though sometimes entirely green with ob-
scure white stripes.  Possesses medicinal properties; and a
kind of arrow-root has  been made from the root.  In damp
woods and copses, and in boggy ground; common.  Perennial.
June.

3. A. stemless; leaves hastate-cordate, acute; lobes virginicum.
   obtuse;  spathe elongated, incurved ;  spadix
  above, with a long  column of masculine flow-
  ers.—Willd. and Pers.
Calla Virginiana, Mich.

  A plant not easily distinguished at a distance, from Sagitta-
» atrepwpu'
reunu 
182              MONOECIA, MONADELPHIA.

        ria sagittifolia, and growing with it in profusion. From one to
        three feet high. Spathe long, green, and rigidly involute. Pe-
        rennial. June.
               ORDER VIII.  MONADELPHIA.

                 368. PINUS. Gen. pi. 1451. (Coniferx.)

         Masc. Calix 4-leaved.  Corolla none.   Sta-
           mina many. Anthers  naked.  Fem. Calix
           a  strobilus  or  cone;   scales 2-flowered.
           Corolla none.   Pistil 1.   Nut alated.—
           Nutt.

canademis,  1. P. leaves solitary, flat, denticulated, somewhat
           distichal; cones ovate, terminal; scarcely long-
           er than  the leaf.—Lambert, Monograph.
         Not. P. Canadensis, Du  Roi.  harbk. 2. t. 124.
         P. Americana, Du Roi. harbk. 2. p. 107.
         Abies Canadensis, Mich. f.
           Icon. Lambert, Monograph of the Pines, p. 50.
         t. 32. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 1. p. 137. t.  13.

                         Hemlock Spruce.

          A very large and fine tree.  The boards and scantling made
         from its trunk are called hemlock timber. On the  Wissahickon;
         abundant. On the Schuylkill, often met with. b_.   May.

nigra.      q, p. leaves  solitary, four-angled, every where
           scattered, erect, upright; cones  ovate;  scales
           ellipitical;   margin undulated,  erose-denticu-
           late.—Lambert.
         P. mariana, Du  Roi. harbk. 2. p. 107.
         P. denticulata, Mich. Fl. Amer.
         Abies nigra, Mich. f.
           Icon. Lambert, monograph, p. 41. t. 27. 
MONOECIA, MONADELPHIA.               183
          Black Spruce.  Double Spruce.

  The extract of Spntce, is prepared from this tree.  It is
much used, particularly in making a common and wholesome
beverage, called spruce beer.  On the Wissahickon; not com-
mon.  b_ • May.

3.  P. leaves short, in pairs; cones recurved, ob-in°Ps-
   long-conical, the length of the leaves ; aculea of
   the scales subulate, upright.—Lambert.
P. Virginiana, Du Roi. harbk. 2. p. 35.
   Icon. Lambert, monog.  p. 18. t. 13. Mich. f.
Arbr. forest. 1. t. 4.

    New Jersey Pine.  Scrub Pine.  Pitch Pine.

   A low, straggling, and very common species, particularly in
Jersey,  b..  May.

4. P.  leaves elongated, in pairs, and three's, slen- variabilis,
   der and a little channelled; cones  ovate-coni-
   cal,  nearly solitary;  aculese of  the scales in-
   curved.'—Lambert.
P. mitis, Mich. f.
   Icon. Mich. f.  Arbr. forest. 1. p. 52. t. 3.

                   Fellow Pine.
   A very useful species, affording the hardest and best wood
for floors, &c.  In the  pine woods of Jersey, and on  the
Wissahickon.  b_ . May.

 5. P. leaves in three's with short sheaths; mascu- rieWa«
   line  aments   erect-incumbent;   cones  ovate,
   scattered or aggregated;  spines of the scales
   reflexed.—Lambert.
     Icon. Lambert, monog. p. 25. t. 18, 19. Mich.
   f. Arbr. forest. 1. p.  89. t.  8.

                Black or Pitch  Pine.
   A tolerably large tree. In pine woods, Jersey, and on the
 Wissahickon.  \ . May. 
184
MONOECIA,  MONADELPHIA.
               369. ACALYPHA.  Gen.pl. 1461. (Euphorbia.)

         Masc. Calix 3 or 4-parted.   Corolla  none.
            Siamina 8 to  16.   Fem.  Styles 3,  bitid.
            Capsule 3-grained, 3-celled, 3-seeded.—

            Nutt.

viiginica.   1. A. feminine flowers at the base of the masculine
           spike; involucres ovate, acuminate, dentated;
           leaves  on  short  petioles;  oblong-lanceolate,
           remote, obtuse-serrascd.— Willa. and Pursh.
              Icon. Pluk. phyt. t.  99. f. 4.


                 Virginian  Three-seeded Mercury.

           An ordinary looking plant, found abundantly in all cultivated
         grounds, old fields, and on road-sides. Flowers inconspicuous.
         Annual.  June to September.


caroiiniana.  2. A. feminine flowers at the base of the masculine
           spike; involucres cordate-dentated; leaves  on
           long petioles, subrhomboid-ovate, serrated, very
           entire at the base.—Willd. and Walt.


                 Carolinian  Three-seeded Mercury.

           This species resembles No. 1, so closely, that most students
         would confound them with  each other.  The greater breadth
         of the leaves and the much longer petioles in the present spe-
         cies than in No. 1, will sufficiently discriminate them.  Both
         species are occasionally found with leaves of dingy crimson
         colour. In similar places with No. 1; also common. Perennial.
         July.


                370. EUPHORBIA. Gen. pi. 823. (Evforbix.)

         Involucrum  caliciform, 8 to 10-toothed, ex-
           terior alternate dentures glanduloid or pe-
           taloid.    Stamina   indefinite, \.2 or  more,
           rarely less; feminine flower central, naked,
           solitary, stipitated.   Styles 3, bifid. 
         MONOECIA, MONADELPHIA.                185

I.E. glabrous, very much branched, spreading- hyPcricifoiia.
  erect; branches divaricating ; leaves opposite,
  serrated,  oval-oblong,  sub-falcate;  corymbs
  terminal.—Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon.  Comm. pral. 60.  t.  10. Rob.  ic.  11.
  Sloan's Hist. Jam. 1. t.  126.  (Pursh.)


         St. John's-wort-leaved  Spurge.

  About a foot or fifteen inches high. Whole plant often
reddish,  especially the leaves and their margins.  Flowers
small. The foliage has somewhat the habit of a Hypericum.
On the banks of the Delaware, Jersey side, three miles below
Kaighn's point, abundant. In cultivated and neglected fields,
common.  Annual.  July.

2. E. procumbent, adpressed ;  leaves small,  op-macuiata.
  posite, unequal at base, oblong, hairy;  flowers
  axillary, solitary; calicine appendices  colour-
  ed.  B.
     Icon. Jacq.Hort. vind. t. 186? (Pursh.) Pluk.
  aim. t. 65. f; 8 ?

                  Spotted Spurge.

  A procumbent hairy  plant, with leaves rarely more  than
three-eighth's of an inch long, and two  eighth's broad, with a
brownish spot or two in the middle.  The plant varies in size,
the stems being from two or three inches to fifteen long, and
very much branched. Involucres white. Flowers very small.
Whole plant closely adpressed to the earth. It is often found
in the crevices of our pavements.  This does not appear to me
to be the E. macuiata of Willd. and it is not unlikely it  is an
entirely distinct species; common- Annual.  All summer.

3. E. procumbent (or semi-erect,) glabrous; leaves ipecacuanha.
  opposite, obovate or  lanceolate,  or linear-lan-
  ceolate ;  peduncles axillary, one-flowered, very
  long. B.
    Icon. Bart. Veg. Mat. Med. U. S. vol. 1.1. 18.


  American  Ipecacuanha,   Ipecacuanha Spurge.
                      $c. $c.

  A polymorphous plant both in  the size and shape of the
leaves, and varying in their colour. They are small, large, ovate*
  VOL.  II.                 17 
186
MONOECIA, MONADELPHIA.
          oval, oblong, lanceolate, and linear-lanceolate, in different situa-
          tions, and vary in colour from apple-green  to crimson.  The
          root is large and from two to six feet long.  Possesses medi-
          cinal virtues, being equal to Ipecacuanha as an emetic.  (See
          Veg. Mat. Med. U. S.) In the sandy fields of Jersey, opposite
          Southwark and not far from the Delaware ; also in those several
          miles below Kaighn's point, abundant.  Perennial.  April,
          May, and often in June and July.

 coroiiata,   4. E.  umbel 5 to 3-cleft, dichotomous:   involu-
             cells and leaves oblong, obtuse; calicine appen-
             dices petaloid,  obovate.—Willd. and  Pursh.
               Icon. Pluk. Mant.  t. 446. f.  3.


                          Corollated Spurge.

            A fine species, from one to two and a half feet high,  with
          large or conspicuous white flowers.  In Jersey, abundant, op-
          posite Southwark.   On the edges of fields between  Mar-
          ket-street bridge  and Kingsess Gardens, and in similar places
          elsewhere.  The leaves  vary in breadth.  Perennial.  July,
          August.

tathyris.    5. E.  umbel  4-cleft, dichotomous; leaves  oppo-
            site,  lanceolate, very  entire.—WiUd.
              Icon. Blackw. t. 123.


                     Mole-plant.   Caper Spurge.

            A hardy plant, not a native of this country, but in this neigh-
          bourhood sometimes met with, in situations where it has the
          appearance of growing wild.  On the Wissahickon, near the
          paper mills. In Jersey, near Woodbury; and near Frankford.
          Biennial.  July, August. 
DIOECIA.
VALLISNERIA.
SALIX.
FRAXINUS.
NYSSA.
ACNIDA.
HUMULUS.
SMILAX.
DIOSCOREA.
GLEDITSCHIA.
POPULUS.
DIOSPYROS.
UDORA.
MENISPERMUM.
JUNIPERUS. 
[ 188 ]
                  CLASS  XX.—-DIOECIA.


                   ORDER II.   DIANDRIA.


         371. VALLISNERIA. Mitchell. Gen. pi. 1491. (Hydrocharides.)

         Masc. Spathe ovate, 3-parted.  Spadix cov-

           ered with  minute flowers.  Calix 3-parted.
           Fem.  Spathe bifid, 1-flowered.   Calix 3-
           parted,  superior.   Corolla of  3  petals.

           Stigmas 3,  ligulate, semibifid.   Capsule
           valveless,  1-celled, seeds numerous, parie-

           tally attached.  (Stamina 2 and 6.)—Nutt.


Americana.  1. V.  leaves linear and  obtuse,  equal from the
           base,  3-nerved,  margin  minutely  and acule-
           ately serrulate ;  male peduncles very short, fe-
           male ones spiral.—Nutt.


         American VaUisnena.  Tape-grass. Channel-weed.
                           Duck-grass.

          A very singular and interesting aquatic plant, hardly more,
         as Pursh correctly remarks, than a local variety of V. spiralis.
         The peduncles of the female flower are always, more or less
         spiral, particularly in deep water.  Leaves three or five feet
         long, and equal in  breadth all their length—little more than
         a quarter of an inch broad. In the  Schuylkill, Delaware, and
         ditches below the Navy-yard, common and  abundant.  This
         plant grows in great abundance in the Susquehanna, and con-
         stitutes the principal food of the Anas Vallisneria of Wilson,
         (Anas ferina) or canvass-back duck; and it is said to give the
         food of that fowl  its peculiar delicate flavour.  Loose leaves,
         peduncles and flowers of this plant,  are frequently  found
         floating on the Delaware near the shores and among  boats.
         Perennial.  August.


                372.  SALIX.  Gen. pi. 1493. (Amentacex.)

         Masc. Ament cylindric.  Calix consisting of

           scales. Corolla none. Nectariferous glands 
DIOECIA, DIANDRIA.
189
   at the base of the stamina. Stamina 1 to 6.
   Fem. Flower as  the male.   Style bifid.
   Capsule  1 -celled,  2-valved.  Seeds wool-
   ly.—Nutt.

      ■j- Leaves very entire or obscurely serrated.

1. S. leaves lanceolate-linear,  very long, acumi- viminaiis.
  nated, very entire, somewhat undulated, with a
  silvery silkenness beneath and scattered glands
  towards the margin; stipules small; aments ap-
  pearing before the leaves; scales nearly round,
  very hairy; germs sessile, ovate; style filiform;
  stigmas acute, undivided.—Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Hoff. Salic. 1. t. 2. f.  1. and 2. t. 5. f.
  2. t. 21. f. e. f. g.

                    Willow.
  Introduced, but often found on the  margins of our waters,
where it is naturalized. lj . April.


         f f Leaves remote and obtuse, serrated.
2. S. leaves oblong-Ianceolate, remotely serrated, iongirostis.
  acute, glabrous above, flat  and tomentose be-
  neath; stipules  lunate, subdentate; aments ap-
  pearing beTore the leaves, diandrous; scales lan-
  ceolate, obtuse,  villous; germs pedicellated, lan-
  ceolate, silky;  style bifid ;  stgimas bilobed.—
   Willd. and Pursh.
S. Iongirostis, Mich.
S. humilis, Marsh.?
S. conifera, Pursh.
  Icon. Wangh. Am. t. 31. f. 72.  (Pursh.)

              Cone-bearing Willow.
  On the edges of woods near the Chester-road, eight miles
below the city.  b_. April.

3. S. leaves oblong, somewhat obtuse, glabrous, discolor,
                        17* 
DIOECIA, DIANDRIA.
   remotely-serrated, very entire at the apex, glau-
   cous beneath;  stipules  deciduous, lanceolate,
   serrated;  aments appearing nearly at the same
   time with the leaves, diandrous, oblong, tomen-
   tose;  scales oblong, acute,  with  black  hairs;
   germs subsessile, lanceolate, tomentose; style
   of moderate size; stigmas biparted.—Willd. and
   Pursh.
     Icon. Muhl. in annals of Bot.  2. t.  5.

               Red-rooted Willow.
  In low swampy grounds, nine miles south-west of Philadel-
phia, not unfrequent.  The twigs are tough and used for mak-
ing baskets.  lj. April.
                  f f ■(■ Leaves thick and acute, serrated.
                           * Triandrous.
nyda.     4. S. leaves oblong-Ianceolate,  acuminate, base
           subcordate,  rigid, glabrous, narrowly serrated;
           serratures elongated  below; petioles villous;
           stipules  large,  cordate,  obtuse, glandular-ser-
           rated ; aments appearing with the leaves, sub-
           3-androus; scales lanceolate, covered with black
           wool;  germs  on  long  pedicels, lanceolate,
           smooth;  style very short; stigmas biparted.—
           Willd.  and Pursh.
         S. cordata, Mich., not Muhl.
         S. cordifolia, Herb. Banks, Mss.  (Pursh.)

                       Stiff-leaved  Willow.
           In swampy hedges, on low grounds, two miles below Phila.
         delphia, not far from the Chester road.  Also used for making
'         baskets.  \.  April.

                           * * Diandrous.
petioiarh.   5. S.  leaves lanceolate,  every where  serrated,
           smooth, glaucous-silky beneath, generally un-
           equal at  the base;  stipules ternate,  dentated,
           small; aments appearing  before  the leaves; 
DIOECIA, DIANDRIA.
191
  loose; scales obovate, obtuse, with black hairs;
  germs on long pedicels, ovate, silky;  stigmas
  sessile, 2-lobed.— Willd. and Pursh.
S. Pennsylvania, Hortul.
  Icon, Engl. Bot. 1147.
  On the margins of the Delaware, Jersey side. b_. April.

6. S.  leaves lanceolate,  acuminate, serrated, up- a"*-
  per and under  sides sericeous, the smaller ser-
  ratures glandular;  stipules  obsolete;  aments
  appearing with the leaves, elongated;  scales
  oval-lanceolate, of a uniform colour, pubescent;
  germs sub-sessile, ovate-oblong, becoming final-
  ly smoothish;  style  short; stigmas biparted,
  thick.— Willd.  and Pursh.
    Icon. Hoff.  Salic. 1. t. 7 8. and t. 24.  f.  3.
  (Pursh.)

                 White  Willow.
  A large tree, also introduced but completely naturalized. On
the shores of the Delaware, and other waters in the neighbour-
hood, and on road sides; common.  Vj . April.

7. S. leaves lanceolate, acuminate, closely serrated, viteiuna.
  glabrous  above,  discoloured,  and somewhat
  silky beneath; stipules none; aments appearing
  nearly at the same time with the leaves, cylin-
  drical; scales  ovate-lanceolate,  of one  colour,
  pubescent without; germs sessile, ovate-lanceo-
  late, glabrous; stigmas sub-sessile, 2-lobed.—
  Willd. and Pursh.
    Icon. Hoff. Salic. 1.1.11 and 12, and  t. 24. f.
  1. (Pursh.) Engl. Bet. 1050.

                 Yellow  Willow.
  Common on road sides. b_.  May.

      373. FRAX1NUS. Gen. pi. 1597. (Jasminex.)

Calix none, or 4-parted.  Corolla none, or of
  4 petals.   Pistil 1.  Samara 1-seeded, the
  wing lanceolate.—Nutt. 
192                DIOECIA, PENTANDRIA.
wmbucifoiia. i. F.  folioles  petiolated, oval, serrated,  sessile;
           branches dotted.—Mich.f.

            Black-ash.   Elder-leaved Ash.   Water-ash.
           A  large tree, not unfrequent in the neighbouring woods.
         \l. April.

Ataericana.  q, F. petioles very entire, long, acuminated, pe-
           tiolated, glaucous beneath.—Mich.f.
         F. discolor,  Muhl.

                           White Ash.
           A large and useful tree. In our woods, common.  I2 • May.

toraemosa.   3. F. folioles  about  nine,  dentated, petiolated;
           branches  and petioles pubescent-tomentose.—
           Mich. f.

                         Red Ash. Ash.
          The commonest species, well known by the name of Ash.
         \. May.
                 ORDER V.   PENTANDRIA.

                374. NYSSA.  Gen. pi. 1599.  (Elxagni.)

         Hermaphrodite.  Calix 5-parted.   Corolla
           none.  Pistil 1. Drupe inferior.   NutA-
           seeded.  Masc. Stamina  5, 8, 10 and 12,
           seated  around a peltate gland.—Nutt.

aquatica.    l. N.  leaves ovate-oblong, very entire,  acute  at
           each end,  glabrous;  feminine peduncles 2-flow-
           ered ; berries short-ovate; nut obtuse-striate.—
           WiUd. and Pursh.
         N. aquatica, L. and Mich. f.
         N. integrifolia, Ait.
         N. biflora, Mich, and Pursh. 
           DIOECIA, PENTANDRIA.                 193

   Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 22. Catesb. Car. 1.
t. 41.

  Large Tupelo.  Gum Tree.  Sour Gum.  Pepe-
                     ridge.

  Berries bluish-black. In swampy woods, particularly in
Jersey. Rare, lj . April.

2. ,N. leaves oval, very entire; petiole,  middle «ylTati«"«
   nerve and margin,  villous; feminine peduncles
   long, generally 2-flowered; nut short, obovate,
   obtuse, striated.—Micluf.
N. villosa, Mich.
N. montana, Hortul.

Gum. Black Gum.  Sour Gum.  Swamp Horn-beam.

  A fine tree, with indigo-blue berries.  On the Woodlands.
b_. May.

      375. ACNIDA.  Gen. pi. 1521.  (Atriplices.)

Masc Calix  5-parted.  Corolla none. Fem.
   Calix  3-parted.   Corolla  none.   Styles
   none.   Stigmas  3,  sessile.   Capsule  1-
   seeded.—Nutt.

1. A. leaves lanceolate; capsules  somewhat even,cannabW.
   acute, angular.—Willd.

            Smooth-fruited Acnida.

  An ordinary looking plant, from a foot to eighteen inches
high.  On the marshy shores of the Schuylkill and Delaware,
among the  large autumnal plants; very common.  Annual.
July, August.

2. A. leaves oval-lanceolate; capsules obtuse, an rusoearpa.
  gled, rugose.— Willd.
     Icon. Mich. fl. Am. 2. t. 50. 
194
DIOECIA, HEXANDRIA.
                       Rough-fruited Acnida.

           From three to four feet high, and robust, having the habit
         of an Amaranthus.  On the bank walk from Gray's ferry to
         Kingsess gardens, and on that from the Navy-yard to Glou-
         cester point. Scarce. Annual. July, August.

               376. HUMULUS.  Gen. pi. 1533.  (Urticx.)

         Masc. Calix 5-leaved. Corolla none.  Fem.
           Calix 1-leaved,  obliquely spreading, en-

           tire.  Corolla none.  Styles 2.  Seed 1, with-

           in the leafy calix,  (or strobilus.)—Nutt.


Lupulus.    1. H.


                              Hop.

           Common Hop,  so useful in the brewing of malt liquor, Is
         unquestionably indiginous on the shores  of the Schuylkill
         and Delaware, in thickets, and in other places in the vicinity.
         Perennial.  August.
                 ORDER  VI.  HEXANDRIA.

               377. SMILAX. Gen. pi. 1528.  (Asparagi.)

         Masc. Calix 6-leaved.  Corolla none.  An-
           thers adnate to the filaments. Fem. Flow-
           er similar to the male.  Style minute.  Stig-
           mas 3.  Berry 3-celled, superior;  1, 2} or
           3-seeded.—Nutt.

reumdifoiia.  1. S. somewhat prickly; leaves rotund-ovate, acu-
           minate, very even, cordate, 5-nerved;  berries
           spherical.—Willd. and Pursh.

               Round leaved Smilax. Green Briar.

           Common  in hedges and thickets.  Leaves very large.,
         No. 2, and this species form impenetrable thickets in many 
DIOECIA, HEXANDRIA.                  195
places near Philadelphia.  All the species are indiscriminately
called Brambles. Perennial. June.

2. S. prickly; branches  unarmed; leaves  coria- caduea.
  ceous,  elliptical  or elliptic-lanceolate,  obtuse,
  recurved-acute, 3-nerved; umbels on very short
  peduncles.— Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Catesby Car. 1. t. 15.

    Deciduous Rough Bind-weed.  Green Briar.
  Climbing over bushes and  shrubs in thickets—very com-
mon. Berries said to contain caoutchouc.  Perennial. June.

3.  S. stem terete,  scandent;  leaves  subrotund- peduncularis.
  ovate,  cordate, acuminated, 9-nerved;  umbels
  on very long peduncles.—WiUd. and Pursh.
S. pulverulenta, Mich.

              Long-peduncled Smilax.
  This species resembles No. 4, so closely as to be easily con-
founded with it.  Peduncles longer.  The flowers partake in
a slight degree of the stercoraceous odour of those of No. 4.
In the shady woods just above the falls of Schuylkill, not un-
frequent.  Perennial.  June.

4.  S. stem angular, erect, simple; leaves on longterbacea.
  petioles, oval, 7-nerved; umbels on very long
  peduncles: peduncle compressed; berry depress-
  ed-globular.—Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 225. f. 4.              •

           Stinking Rough Bind-weed.
  About two or four feet high. Flowers exhaling the smell
of carrion, which attracts the carrion-flies. On the borders of
fields and the edges of woods,  above the falls of Schuylkill,
west side, and elsewhere.  Perennial.  June.

5.  S. prickly;  leaves unarmed, ovate-lanceolate, sarsapariiia.
  cuspidate, sub-5-nerved, somewhat glaucous be-
  neath;  common peduncle longer than  the pe-
  tiole.—WiUd. and Pursh.
S. glauca, Mich. 
DIOECIA, HEXANDRIA.
                 SarsapariUa.
  A climbing plant, in all swampy hedges of the neighbour-
hood; common. Possesses medicinal virtues.  Perennial. June.

      378. DIOSCOREA. Gen. pi. 1530. (Asparagi.)

Masc. Calix 6-parted. Corolla none.  Fem.
   Flower as the male. Styles  3.  Capsule 3-
   celled, triangular,  compressed;   cells  2-
   seeded.  Seeds membrauaceously margin-
   ed.—Nutt.

1. D. leaves in four's, alternate,  cordate, acumi-
   nate, glabrous, 9-nerved. B.
D. glauca, Muhl.
D. quaternata, Walt?

            Smooth-leaved Yam-root.
  A twining plant, found in thickets and hedges; not very
common.  Perennial. June.

2. D. leaves alternate, opposite, and verticillated,
   cordate, acuminated, pubescent beneath, 9-nerv-
   ed : lateral  nerves simple.— WiUd. and Pursh.
D. quinata, Walt.
D. panicuiata, Mich.
   Icon.  Jacq. ic. t. 626. (Pursh.) Pluk. aim.  t.
 575.  f. 5.

            Villous-leaved Yam-root.
   In similar places, and sometimes in fields; common.  Pe-
rennial.  June.

   r.*9. GLEDITSCHIA.  Gen. pi. 1526.  (Leguminosx.)

Hermaph.  Calix 6 to 8 parted, deciduous,
   3  or 4 of  the exterior segments smaller.
   Corolla  none.   Stamina 5  or  6, rarely 8.
   Legume  flatly  compressed, 1,  or many-
   seeded.  Masc.  Calix  subturbinate, 5 to 
DIOECIA,  OCTANDRIA.
197
  8-parted, 3 to 5  of the segments interior.
  Stamina 6 to 8, (rarely 5.) Fem.—Nutt.

1. G. spines stout, cross-branched; folioles linear- tnacanthw.
  oblong;  legumens  very  long,  compressed.—
  Willd. and Pursh.
G. meliloba, Walt.
G. spinosa,  Marshall.
  Icon. Duliam, arb.  1. t.  195. (Pursh.) Mich,
f. Arbr. forest, vol.  3. p. 164.

Sweet Locust.  Honey Locust. Three-thorned Locust.

 A large and  handsome tree, found  abundantly along roads
in the Neck and elsewhere, in the vicinity of this city, but al-
ways, perhaps, originally planted in such places. b_. July.
        ORDER VIII.  OCTANDRIA.

     380. POPULUS.  Gen. pi. 1531.  (Amentacex.)

Masc.  Ament cylindric.—Calix  consisting
   of lacerated scales.  Corolla turbinate,  ob-
   lique, and entire.  Fem. Flower as in  the
   male. Stigma 4  or 6-lobed. Capsule 2 or
   3-valved.   Seeds beset with long wool.—
   Nutt.

1. P.  leaves  subrotund-ovate,  acute,  unequally grandjden-
   scolloped, with large teeth, glabrous, the youngertata"
   ones villous; petioles compressed above.—Willd.
   and  Pursh.
P. Canadensis, Mich.

             Large Aspen.  Poplar
  Occasionally met with in the neighbouring woods. \ . April.
     vol. II.                18 
198                 DIOECIA, OCTANDRIA.

             381. DIOSPYROS. Gen. pi.  1598.  (Guaiacanx.)

        Masc.  Calix 4 to 6-cleft.  Corolla urceolate,
           4 to  6-cleft.   Stamina  8 to  16 ;  filaments
           often producing 2 anthers.  Fem.  Flower
           as the male. Stigmas 4 or 5.   Berry 8 to
           12- seeded.—Nutt.

virginiana.  1. D. leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, glabrous,
           reticulate-veined; petioles  pubescent; buds gla-
           brous.— Willd. and Pursh.
             Icon. Catesb.  Car.  2. t. 76.  Mich. f.  Arbr.
           forest. 12.

                         Persimon-tree.
          The fruit  when ripe and  touched by the frost is quite
        pleasant, but is very astringent and  acerb,  otherwise.  On the
        borders of woods and in fields.  On the  Delaware between
        Kaighn's point and  the next ferry below, near Woodbury;
        abundant.  \ . May.

            382.  UDORA.  Nutt. Gen. Am. pi.  vol. 2. p. 242,
                           ( Onagra.)

        Spathe bifid.—Masc.  Calix 3-parted.  Co-
           rolla of  3 petals.   Stamina  9,  3 of  them
           interior.  Fem. Calix 3-parted, tube very
           long. Petals 3.  Sterile  filaments 3.  Utri-
           culus about 3-seeded.   Seeds cylindric.—
           Nutt.

canadensis.  1. U. flowers triandrous, hermaphrodite;  stigmas
           ligulate, reflexed, bifid; leaves ternate, linear,
           acute.—Pursh.
        Udora Canadensis, Nutt.
        Elodea Canadensis, Mich.
        Serpicula vertirillata, Muhl.
        S. occidentalis, Pursh.
        Hottonia serrata, Willd. Syn. I. p. 171. 
DIOECIA, MONADELPHIA.
199
  An aquatic plant, with  very small deep-green leaves,  and
small white flowers. Abundant  in ditches, on the low over-
flowed banks of the Delaware,  Schuylkill, and Wissahickon.
Perennial. July.
       ORDER XI.  POLYANDRIA.

  383. MENISPERMUM.  Gen. pi. 1544.  (Menispenna.)
Masc. Calix subbibracteate, about 6-leaved,
  caducous.   Petals 6  to 9,  glandular,  mi-
  nute and retuse. Stamina 16, or 18 to 24.
  Anthers adnate to the filaments,  4-lobed,
  2-celled. Fem. Flower as the male. Germs
  and styles 3 to 6.   Drupes mostly  solita-
  ry, 1-seeded.  Nut lunate, compressed.—
  Nutt.

1. M. leaves peltate, cordate, subrotund-angular; canadense.
  racemes compound.—WiUd. and Pursh.

                   Moonseed.
  A climbing plant, with ordinary greenish-yellow flowers,'and
black berries. Possesses medicinal virtues. On the bank walk
from Kaighn's point to the next ferry below, in thickets. On
the banks of the Schuylkill near Breck's island; rare. Peren-
nial. July.
      ORDER XII.  MONADELPHIA.

    384. JUNIPERUS.  Gen. pi. 1552.  (Coniferx.)
Masc. Ament  ovate.   Calix  consisting of
  scales.   Stamina 3.   Fem. Calix 3-part-
  ed.  Petals 3?   Styles 3.   Berry  1 or 2-
  seeded,  tubercular.   Seeds  nuciform.—
  Nutt. 
200                DIOECIA, MONADELPHIA.

rommunb.  i. J. leaves in three's, spreading, mucronate, long-
           er than the berry.—Willd.

                           Juniper-tree.

          Common juniper grows abundant on the high banks of the
         Wissahickon. I2 . May.

virginiana.  2. J. leaves  in  three's,  adnate at  the base, the
           younger ones imbricated, the old ones spread-
           ing —Willd.
             Icon. Mich. f. Arbr. forest. 3. p.  42. t. 5.

                            Red  Cedar.

          Red cedar also grows in profusion  on the Wissahickon, and
         elsewhere in the neighbourhood. lj . May. 
CRYPTOGAMIA.
EQUISETUM.
LYCOPODIUM.
OPHIOGLOSSUM.
BOTRYCHIUM.
OSMUNDA.
POLYPODIUM.
ASPIDIUM.
ONOCLEA.
ASPLENIUM.
PTERIS.
WOODWARDIA.
ADIANTUM.
DICKSONIA.
ISOETES.
18* 
[ 202 ]
             CLASS XXL—CRYPTOGAMIA.

                          (FILICES.)

                   385. EQUISETUM. Gen. pi. 1614.

         Floral receptacles peltate, many-angled, col-
           lected  into a spike.  Indusium corniculate.
           Stamina 4. Style none. Seed 1.—Nutt.

 amnre.    1.  E. barren stems simply branched; branches
           somewhat  rough, four-angled;  fructification
           simple;  sheaths  cylindrical,  incised-dentate;
           teeth acute.—Willd.
             Icon. Schk. filic. t. 167. (Pursh.)

                        Field Horse-tail.
          In wet fields near water courses; common. Perennial.
         May.

syi«ticum.  2. E.  barren  and  fruit-bearing stems  doubly-
           branched;  branches roughish, deflexed, four-
           angled;  branchlets   sub-triquetrous.—Willd.
           enum. and Willd.
             Icon.  Schk. filic. t. 166. Fl. Dan. 1182.

                        Wood Horse-tail.
          In sandy woods bordering the Delaware, several miles be-
         low Kaighn's point; rare.  Perennial.  April.

fayemaie.    3. E.  stems simple,  erect, very rough, bearing
          spikes  at the top;  sheaths discoloured, base
          and apex sphacelate;  teeth aristated, entirely
          caducous.— Willd.
             Icon.  Schk. filic. t. 172.

         Rough Horse-tail. Scouring Rush.  Scour-grass.
          From two to three feet high.  The cuticle of this species
         contains  silex.  Hence it is  used in polishing pewter and 
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
203
 brass ware.  On the sandy shores of the Delaware near thick-
 ets, between Kaighn's point and the ferry below.  Not com-
 mon.  Perennial.  July.

           386. LYCOPODIUM. Gen. pi. 1615.

 Capsules vemiovm, 1-celled, 2-valved, many-
   seeded.   Seeds  very minute,  resembling
   powder.—Nutt.

 1. L. stem erect, branches alternate, dichotomous; compiana-
   Ieaves 2-rowed, connate, spreading at  the top,tulR
   the superficial ones solitary and adpressed; pe-
   duncles quadrifid, four-spiked;  spikes terete,
   cylindrical.—Willd.
     Icon. Fl. Dan.  78. Dill. Muse. t. 59. f. 3.

                 Flat Club-moss.
  In woods, especially in Jersey ; common. Perennial.  July.

 2. L. stem erect, branches  alternate, crowded,dendroide-
   dichotomous, spreading; leaves scattered, six-
   rowed, linear-lanceolate, spreading;  spikes so-
   litary, terminal and sessile.—Willd.
 L. obscurum, Sp. PI. 1566.
   Icon.  Schk. filic. t. 164. Dill.  Muse. t. 64.  f. 12.

                   Ground Pine.
  Very common in shady woods, where it creeps and covers
 a great space of ground.  This and  No. 1, are made into
 festoons to ornament looking glasses, pictures, &c. at Christ-
 mas.  Most frequent in Jersey. Perennial.  July.

 3. L. stem repent, branched; branches subdivid- rupestre.
   ed, adscendent; leaves sparse, imbricated, li-
   near-lanceolate, ciliate, piliferous ; spikes soli-
   tary, sessile and terminal.—Willd.
     Icon. Schk. filic. 1.165. Dill. Muse. t. 63. f. 11.

               Running Club-moss.
  A small  species, quite local in this neighbourhood, but
abundant where found.  On the flat rocks near the Delaware,
between Gray's ferry and Kingsess-gardens. Perennial.  July. 
204
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
luciduium.   4.  l# leaves 8-rowed,  linear-lanceolate, denticu-
           lated, acute, open-reflexed;  stem  adscendent,
           bifid.— Willd.
         L. reflexum, Schk.
           Icon. Dill. Muse. t. 56. f. 2.
                        Shining Club-moss.
          In low damp or wet  places, near springs in wet woods;
         not uncommon. On the Wissahickon;  abundant.  Perennial.
         July.
apodum.    5. L. leaves two-rowed, subrotund, ovate,  acute,
           flat, denticulate; stem  branched, radicating at
           the base; spikes terminal, sessile and solitary.
           — WiUd.
             Icon. Dill. Muse. t. 64. f. 3.
          A small and pretty species, growing in damp shady woods.
         Perennial. July.
aiopecu.    6.  L. stem repent, somewhat branched ; branches
           simple,  elongated, adscendent, one-spiked  at
           top; leaves  linear-subulate;  base ciliate, den-
           tate, spreading;  spike sessile, leafy.—Willd
             Icon. Schk. filic. 1.160. Dill. Muse. t. 62. f. 6.

                          Walking Fern.  '
          In boggy grounds, common.  Perennial.  July.

                 387. OPHIOGLOSSUM. Gen. pi. 1621.
         Capsules naked, 1-celled, connate in an arti-
            culated distichal spike, S-valved, opening
            transversely.—Nutt.
vuigatum.   i.  0. spike  cauline;  frond ovate, obtuse;  nar-
           rowly reticulated.—Willd.
             Icon. Schk. filic. t. 153. Fl.  Dan. 147.
                      Common Adder9s-tongue.
          A singular and very rare species. I have only found it in the
         small woods immediately north of Powelton, and bordering the
         east edge of Mantua-road. Scarce there. Perennial. June.

               388. BOTRYCHIUM. Swartz, Synop. Filic. 8.

         Capsules  subglobose adnate  to the  rachis of 
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
205
   the compound raceme, separate, naked, 1-
   celled, valves 2, connected behind, open-
   ing  transversely.—Nutt.

1. B. scape below with one  frond;  frond sub-bi-obiiquum,
   ternate;  folioles  oblong-Ianceolate, serrulate,
   dilated at the base,  unequally cordate: spikes
   bipinnate.—Willd.

  Near a swamp on Cooper's creek, not far from the Bridge.
Perennial.  July.

2. B.  scape below with one frond; frond three- dissectum.
   parted-bipinnatifid;  segments linear,  2-cleft;
   2-toothed at the apex.—Willd.
     Icon. Schk. filic. 1.158. Pluk. amalth.t. 427.
   f. 5.

  On the edges of woods, on the Schuylkill and Wissahickon;
and on the Botannic-garden ground of the University of Penn-
sylvania.  Perennial. June.

3. B. hirsute; scape in the middle of the frond; Virginicum.
   frond subternate,  3 parted, bi-pinnatifid ; folio-
   les incised-pinnatifid;  segments obtuse, sub-tri-
   dentate; spikes bi-pinnate, divaricate.—Willd.
   and Pursh.
Botrypus Virginicus, Mich.
Osmunda Virginica, Sp. PI. 1579.
0. multifida, Gmel.
   Icon. Schk. filic. t. 156.

                 Rattlesnake Fern.
  A large and very elegant species, very common in all our
fertile woods, delighting  in shade and moisture.  I have twice
received this plant from  Kentucky, with an assurance  that it
was an Indian remedy for the bite of the rattlesnake;  hence
the name above, and not  as Pursh supposes, because the plant
grows near the haunts of that reptile.   The roots and stems
taste like Ginseng, and the hot infusion of the whole plant is
an agreeable-flavoured tea.  Perennial.  June. 
206
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
                   389. OSMUNDA.  Gen. pi. 1622.

         Capsules subglobose, pedicellate, striate, se-
           mi-bivalvular and paniculated.  Indusium
           none.—Nutt.

cinnamomeai i. 0. sterile frond pinnate; pinnae pinnatifid; seg-
           ments ovate-oblong, obtuse, very entire;  stipe
           woolly, the fructifications bipinnate, woolly.—
           Willd.
              Icon. Schk. filic. t. 146.

                  Cinnamon Fern.  Tall Osmunda.
          A  large fern, with long ferruginous fructificatory spikes.
         In all low meadows, bogs, and in the borders of streams and
         ditches. Common. Perennial. June.

interrupta.  2. O. fronds pinnate, glabrous; pinnae  opposite,
           pinnatifid; segments oblong, acute, very entire;
           pinnae somewhat intervening between the fruc-
           tification.—Willd.
         0. basilaris, Sprengel. Anlitung. 3. p. 160.
           Icon. Schk. filic. t.  144.

                       Interrupted  Osmunda.
           Same size as the preceding, and found in similar places; and
         in woods.  Easily known by the interrupted spikes of fructifi-
         cation. Common. Perennial. June, July.

spectawiis,  3. O. frond bi-pinnate; pinnulse  oblong, somewhat
           obtuse, narrowly serrulate, truncate, and une-
           qual at  the base,  all alternate;  panicle bipin-
           nate,  bearing fruit  at  the top of the frond.—
           WiUd. and Mich.
         0. regalis, /3. Sp. PI.  1521.
           Icon. Pluk. alm.t. 184. f. 4.

                 Royal Osmunda.   Flowering Fern.
           Grows always in bogs, swamps and meadows.  A very ele-
         gant fern, with brownish fruit proceeding from the top of the
         frond. Common. Perennial. July. 
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
207
   390.  POLYPODIUM. Swartz, Synop. filic. 3.

Sori (or small clusters of capsules)  roundish,
  scattered.  Indusium none.—Nutt.

1. P. frond deeply pinnatifid; segments  linear-Ian- vuigare.
  ceolate, obtuse, crenulate, near together, upper
  ones gradually smaller; sorae solitary; caudex
  paleaceous.— Willd.
     Icon. Schk. filic. t. 11.

               Common Polypody.

  On rocks in the  neighbourhood, and in woods;  common.
Perennial. July.

2.  P. fronds deeply pinnatifid; segments lanceo- virginicum.
  late, obtuse, \ery entire, near together, upper
  ones gradually smaller; sorae solitary; caudex
  naked.— Willd.
     Icon. Petiv. filic. t. 7. f. 9. Plum. Amer. t.
  36. filic. t. 77. (Pursh.)

               Virginia Polypody.

  Resembles the preceding very much, and grows with it. It
is perhaps no more  than a variety. Perennial. July.

3. P. fronds bipinnate,  somewhat smooth ; pinnae iiexagonopie-
  two, deflexed  below; segments lanceolate,  ob-
  tuse,  ciliated—of the lower pinnae incised-cre-
  nate, of the upper very entire, lower ones ad-
  nate-decurrent; sorae  minute, solitary.—Willd.
     Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 284.  f. 2.  Schk.  filic. t.
  20. b.

  In  damp shady woods, among other ferns  ; rare. Perennial.
July. 
208
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
                391. ASPIDIU.d. Swartz, S; nop. filic. 3.
                         Nephrodium, Mich.

         Sori roundish, scattered.  Indusium umbili-
            cate or opening on one side.—Nutt.

scrostichoi-  l. A. fronds pinnate ;  pinnae  lanceolate, falcate,
            acute, ciliate-serrated ; upper base mucronate-
            auriculated,  lower fructificant  and  smaller;
            stipe and rachis paleaceous; sorae  solitary, at
            length, confluent.—Willd.
         A. auriculatum, Schk.
         Nephrodium acrostichoides, Mich.

                      Terminal Shield Fern.
           On the rocks in the vicinity of our waters, common; also in
         woods. Perennial. June.

imarginaie.  g, a. fronds bi-pinnate; pinnulae oblong, obtuse,
            decurrent, crenate, the folds deepest at the base;
            sorae marginal; stipe paleaceous.—Willd.
         Polypodium marginale, Sp. PI. 1522.
         Nephrodium marginale, Mich.
            Icon. Schk. filic. t. 45. b.

                      Marginal Shield-fern.
           In shady woods, particularly on rocks.  Perennial.  July.

intermedium. 3. A. fronds bi-pinnate; pinnulaa linear, pinnati-
           fid-incised;  segments sub-mucronate,  serrated
           at the apex; stipe paleaceous.—Willd.

                       Large Shield-fern.
           A large and well-marked species. In  the woods of Jersey,
         among other ferns—more rare west of the Delaware.  Peren-
         nial.  July.

         4. A. fronds pinnate; pinnae  linear-lanceolate,
           pinnatifid ; segments oblong, somewhat obtuse,
           nearly entire,  ciliated;  sorae  marginal; stipe
           even—Willd.  and Pursh.
novebora.
cense. 
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
209
 A. thclypteroides, Swartz.
 Nephrodium thclypteroides, Mich.
 Polypodium noveboracense, Sp. PI. 1552.
   Icon. Schk. filic. t. 46.

             New York Shield-fern.
   On the Wissahickon and Schuylkill. Not common. Peren-
 nial. July.

 5.  A.  fronds bi-pinnate;   pinnulae linear-lanceo- aspienoidts.
   late, incised, and  serrated ;  serratures  2 or 3-
   toothed,  terminal, more acute;  sori oblong,
   lunate.—Willd.
 Nephrodium asplenoides, Mich.
 Polypodium Pennsylvanica, Muhl. in Litt.
 Asplenium  Athyrium, Sprengel, Anleitung, 3. p.
   113.
     Icon. Schuk. filic. t. 78.

         Dark or Spleen-wort Shield-fern.
  In similar places with the preceding species.  Not uncom-
 mon. Perennial.  July

 5.  A.  fronds  bi-pinnate, oblong-Ianceolate; pin-bulbiferum.
   nulae opposite,  oblong,  obtuse,  serrated, lower
   ones pinnatifid ; rachis  bulbiferous;  sori sub-
   rotund.—Willd.
 Polypodium bulbiferum, Sp. PI. 1553.
 Nephrodium bulbiferum, Mich.
   Icon. Schk. filic. t. 57.

            Bulb-bearing Spleen-wort.
  Varies in size very much.  In shady woods, particularly on
rocks. Rare. Perennial.  July.

392. ONOCLEA. Willd. in Mag. Ges. naturf. fr. z. berol. 1809.
                     p. 160.

Capsules densely  covering the back  of the
                       19 
210
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
            frond.  Indiisia squamiform, connate in the
            form of berries and not expanded.—Nutt.

sensibiiis.   i  o. barren frond pinnate; pinnae lanceolate, acute,
            incised, dentate,  upper  ones co-adunate, the
            fruit-bearing ones bi-pinnate;  pinnulae recurved,
            globular, glabrous ; rachis glabrous.—Willd.
              Icon. Schk. filic. t.  102.  Pluk. Mant. t.  404.
            f. 2.

                          Sensitive Fern.
           In meadows, the borders of fields, open woods, and thick-
         ets ; very common. Slightly sensitive.  Perennial.  July.

                393. ASPLENIUM. Swartz. Synop. filic. p. 4.

         Sori linear,  transversal,  scattered.   Indusia
            arising  from the lateral veins,  and  open-
            ing towards the  rib.—Nutt.

ri.izopbyi.   1. A.  fronds  lanceolate,  stipitate,  sub-crenate;
Uun"        base  auriculate-cordate, top very long, linear-
           filiform, radicant.— Willd.
              Icon. Pluk. aim. t. 105. f. 3.

                     Leaf-rooting Spleen-wort.
           A singular species, rooting at the elongated ends of the leaf.
         On the rocks of the Wissahickon and Schuylkill.  Perennial.
         July.

Qpinnatiji.  fronds lanceolate,  stipitate,  pinnatifid, point at-
dttm.         tenuated, roundish, ovate. B.

           A very distinct variety, but not, I think, a species, for I have
         found pinnatifid and lanceolate leaves together on No. 1.  $. I
         have only found on the  rocks close to the Schuylkill, east
         side, a mile south of the falls. July.

ebenum.   2. A.  fronds pinnate,  pinnae sessile,  lanceolate,
            serrulate, cordate at the base, auriculated above.
            —Willd. 
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
211
A. polypodoides, Swartz.
A. trichomanoides, Mich.
Acrostichum platyneuron, Sp. PI. 1527, excluding
   the synonym.
     Icon. Schk. filic. t. 73. Pluk. aim. t. 287. f.
   2. et t. 89. f. 8.

               Ebony Spleen-wort.
  A beautiful species, from six to twelve inches high, stem
deep shining black.  On the rocks bordering the Schuylkill,
in rich shady woods, and on the grassy borders of copses;
common.  Perennial.  July.

3.  A. fronds pinnate; pinnae subrotund,  obtuse, meianocau-
   crenate, cuneate at the  base;  stipe discoloured. on'
   •—Willd. enum.
A. trichomanes, Mich.

  A small  and beautiful species, with a very polished black
stem.  With No. 2, common.  Perennial.  July.

4. A. fronds bi-pinnate at  the  base, simply pin- Ruta..
   nate at the top; pinnulae rhomboid-oblong, ob- ""
   tuse;  apex obtuse, denticulate.—Willd.
    Icon. Schk. filic. t. 80. b. Fl. Dan. 190.

  A very small species, from one to three inches high. Ex-
ceedingly rare,  and scarce when  found.  In the crevices of
the highest rocks on the Wissahickon.  Perennial. July.

            394. PTERIS. Gen. pi. 1626.

Sori continuous,  linear, marginal.  Indusium
   from  the  inflected margin  of the  frond,
   opening inwards.—Nutt.

1. P.  frond pinnate, three-parted, barren; branch- aquiiina.
   es bi-pinnate; pinnae linear-lanceolate,  obtuse,
   pinnatifid-dentate; fructificatory ones pinnate; 
212                CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
           pinnulae pinnatifid; segments somewhat acute,
           all ciliated.— Willd. and Pursh.
             Icon. Schk. filic. t. 95, 96. b.
                         Common Brake.
          A large and handsome fern. Baron Humboldt says the in-
         habitants of Parma and Gomera make a kind of bread of the
         roots, which are large. On the edges of fields, in woods, and on
         dry soils, very common and abundant, especially in Jersey.
         Perennial. August.

         395. WOODWARDIA. Smith, act. taur. 5. p. 411. t. 9. f. 5.

         Sori oblong,  distinct, straight, parallel with
           the ribs of the  frond on either side. Indu-
           sia superficial, arched,  opening inwards.
           —Nutt.

unocieoidej.  l. W. barren fronds pinnatifid; segments  lanceo-
           late, repand,  very slenderly serrulate, fruit-
           bearing ones pinnate; pinnae linear, very entire,
           acute.—Willd.
         \V. angustifolia, Smith, act. taur.
         W. floridana, Schk.
         Onoclea nodulosa, Mich, and Swartz.
         Acrostichum areolatum, Sp. PI. 1526.
         Osmunda Caroliniana, Walt.
           Icon. Schk.  filic. p. 103. t. 111.

          Grows in swamps, Jersey; not uncommon. Perennial.

                  396. ADIANTUM.  Gen. pi. 1633.

         Sori oblong or roundish.   Indusia membra-
           naceous,  arising from  the margin  of  the
           frond and opening inwards.—Nutt.

pedatnm.    l. A.  frond pedate, branches pinnate;  pinnae im-
           mediate, oblong, lineate, upper margin incised;
           sterile segments dentated; fertile ones very en-
           tire; sori linear; stipe glabrous.— Willd.
             Icon. Schk. filic. t. 115. Pluk. aim. 1.124. f. 2. 
CRYPTOGAMIA, FILICES.
213
            Maiden-hair.  Mow-hair.

  With the exception of Botrychium Virginicum, this is the
most elegant fern in our neighbourhood. From one to two
feet high. Stem  dark, smooth,  and  shining. In rich shady
woods; very common.  Possesses medicinal  virtues?  Peren-
nial. July.

        397. DICKSONIA. L'Herit. sert. angl. 30.

Sori  punctiform,  marginal, subrotund,  dis-
   tinct. Indusium double, alternate, superfi-
   cial, exterior  gaping, the other  marginal
   gaping within.—Nutt.

1. D. fronds  bi-pinnate;  pinnulae oblong-lanceo- piiosiuscuia.
   late, pinnatifid, upper margin  of  the segments
   incised-dentate; rachis somewhat hairy.—Willd.
D. pubescens, Schk.
Polypodium pilosiusculum, Muhl. in  litt.

    Hairy  Dicksonia.  Small-fruited Dicksonia.

  From twelve to fifteen inches high. In shady woods, and
particularly on rocks; common.  Perennial. July.

            398. ISOETES. Gen. pi. 1620.

Capsule membranaceous, not  gaping; frond
   immersed  at the base, 1-locular.  Seed  an-
   gular,  inserted into the numerous filiform
   receptacles.—Nutt.

1.1, frond subulate, semi-terete.—Willd.         tacustris.
   Icon. Schk.  filic.  t.  173. Fl.  Dan.  191. Dill.
mus.  t.  80. f. 1.

  From one  to two inches high.  In a boggy wood south of
Laundreth's Gardens,  and on the overflowed shores of the
Delaware, above Kensington; very abundant.  Perennial. July.
19* 
r 214 ]
                  ADDENDA.


             TRIANDRIA, DIGYNIA.

To genus Aristida, No. 50. p. 53. vol. 1, add the
                following species:

No. 2. Aristida  stricta;  stems  and  leaves very
   upright;  raceme long;  spike contracted;  awns
   longer  than the glume;  leaves convolute, fili-
   form, smooth.—Mich.

  Perennial. June. Within the limits of this work; Mr. Colfins.

No. 3. Aristida  oligantha;  culm upright,  very
   much branched; leaves convolute-filiform ; flow-
   ers distant, solitary;  awn long-divaricating.—
   Mich.
A. adscendscionis, Walt.

  Perennial. June. Also within the limits of this work. B.


          TETRANDRIA, MONOGYNIA.

To the genus  Plantago, No. 80. vol. 1. p.  88, add
              the following species:

4. Plantago hybrida; leaves subulate-linear, entire,
   rigidly acute, shorter than the scape, not wool-
   ly  at the base; scape terete, slender, slightly
   pubescent;  spike long and slender, cylindrical,
   rather loose; spikelets below,  remote;  bractes
   acute.  B.
Plantago maritima, Bart. Prod. Fl. Ph.
  Root annual. Plant from two to three inches high, leaves
very numerous, about one inch long in mature specimens, often
not exceeding half an inch, destitute of any tiling like wooK-
ness at the base. Scape slender, longer than the leaves, round
and slightly pubescent under a lens. Spike cylindrical, not ex-
ceeding one-eighth of an inch in diameter, from half an inch to
two inches long, and of a green and sienna colour,  not deep
brown or blackish, as in t'.ie European and American speci-
mens of P. maritima.  Scapes nearly as numerous as the leaves.
This species, which is decidedly distinct from the P. maritima,
I found four years ago, in the  exsiccated canal on the road to
Lemon-hill, close to the high gravel banks.  I there found it
two years in succession, and on transplanting it into my gar- 
ADDENDA.
den it produced seeds which came up the succeeding spring.
The mature specimens preserved the characters of the plant
as given above. I have before me a specimen of Plantago ma-
ritima, collected in Scotland by Dr. Edward Barton, and a
specimen of the same  species  collected in New England,
which I received from Mr. R. Griffiths, jr. These two plants
differ from each other some little, but as the P. maritinais said
to be a polymorphous species, the discrepancy is not of much
account. But from both  the plant I have called hybrida above,
is strikingly and specifically distinct.  Mr. Collins informs me
he has found specimens  of the hybrida, in the same locality 1
have identified above. Flowers in A pril, May.



                 PENTANDRIA.

To Menyanthcs trifoliata,  104. vol. 1, add the fol-
                  lowing locality:

  In a  bog half a mile south-east of Kaighn's point, Jersey;
abundant.  Perennial.

To viola concolor, p. 125. vol.  1, add the following
                   synonyms :
Viola stricta.
Ionia  stricta, Persoon.

To Triosteum perfoliatum, p.  115. vol. 1, add the
           following  additional locality :

  " On the bank walk from Kaighn's point to the ferry below,
and in  a field near it;  tolerably abundant."   I have there
found it this month; June, 1818.

To Vitis,  p.  116. vol. 1, add No. 5. Vitis Blandi.

                  Blands' Grape.

  In Jersey, near the city; Mr. Collins.
            OCTANDRIA, DIGYNIA.

To genus Acer, No. 189. p. 184. vol. 1, add the
                following species:

No. 4.   Acer  saccharinum;  leaves palmate-5
  lobed,  subcordate at the base, acuminate, sinu- 
216                        ADDENDA.
   ate-dentate,  glaucous beneath;  peduncles  co-
   rymbose, nutant.— Willd. and Pursh.
     Icon. Mich.f. Arb. forest, vol.  1.

                 Sugar Maple.
  b_. April, May.  In the woods above the falls of Schuylkill,
west side.                          •>


Page 186. vol.  1, before the synonyms of Polygo-
             num linifolitim, add:
Polygonum linifolium, Muhl.


         ICOSANDRIA, PENTAGYNIA.
Rubus  page 233. vol. 1. No. 6.  Rubus flagel-
   laris, add the following additional locality :
  In  Jersey between Kaighn's point and the ferry below;
abundant. June, 1818.


                POLYANDRIA.
To Caltha paiustris, p. 22. vol. 2, add the  follow-
             ing additional locality:
  On Cooper's creek and elsewhere common ; Mr. Collins.


        DIDYNAMIA, GYMNOSPERMIA.
 To genus Mentha, No. 265.  vol. 2. p. 30, add
             the following species:

No. 2. Mentha gracilis; erect, somewhat smooth;
  leaves lanceolate, ovate, subsessile; spike slen-
  der;  whorls  very  small, interrupted; stamens
  not exserted—Mich, and Pursh.
M. gracilis.
M. tenuis, Pursh.
M. viridis, Walt.

  In wet places, and near springs and rivulets; Mr. Collins. 
ADDENDA.
2ir
 To genus Scutellaria, No.  278.  page 38. vol.
         2, add the following species :

No. 6. Scutellaria parviflora.
N. B. Before  the genus Phryma, vol. 2. p.  40.
                   insert

       ORDER II. ANGIOSPERMIA.
       DIDYNAMIA, ANGIOSPERMIA.

          399. BUCHNERA. Gen. pi. 1035.

Calix 5-toothed.  Tube of the corolla slender,
  border 5-cleft, nearly equal; lobes cordate.
  Capsule 2-celled.—Nutt.

1. B. stem simple;  leaves lanceolate, subdentate, Americana.
  rough, three-nerved; spikes remote-flowered.—
  WiUd. and Pursh.

  This plant dries quite black.  I have found it very common
and abundant in Maryland, along the edges of dry sandy
woods; but have never  met with it in this neighboufhood. In
sandy grounds, Jersey;  Mr. Collins.
          400. SCHWALBEA. Gen.pl. 1001.
Calix ventricose, tubular, obliquely 4-cleft;
  upper segment shortest, the lower  large
  and emargiuate or bidentate. Corolla bila-
  biate,  upper lip entire,  arched, the lower
  3-lobed. Capsule ovate-subterete, 2-celled,
  2-valved;  dissepiment produced by the in-
  flected margin of the valves, and parallel 
ADDENDA.
  with the  longitudinal  receptacle.   Seeds
  numerous, imbricated, linear and  alated.
  —Nutt.

1. S. simple,pubescent; leaves lanceolate; raceme
  terminal; flowers alternate.—Willd. and Pursh.
    Icon.  Lam. Illustr. 520. Pluk. Mant. t. 348.
  f. 2.

   In Jersey, within ten miles of this city; Mr. Collins.
To the genus  Orobanche, No. 293. -vol. 2. p. 49,
  add the following species, which  is  not  an un-
  common plant in  our neighbourhood,  but has
  been inadvertently left out in my manuscript.

No. 2.  Orobanche uniflora:  scape naked,  one-
  flowered; calix without bractes; corolla recurv-
  ed.—Willd.  and Pursh.
     Icon. Pluk. Mant. t. 348. f. 3.

            One-flowered Orobanche.
  A very singular and handsome parasitic plant, growing in
bunches of several stems together.  Whole plant of a snow
white hue, and resembles an artificial wax flower.  In fertile
woods. Perennial. June, July.
       TETRADYNAMIA, SILIQULOSA.

The following  common plant has  been inadver-
       tently omitted in its proper place:

401. Cardamine Pennsylvania; glabrous,  bran-
  ched; leaves  pinnate; folioles nearly roundish,
  oblong, obtuse, angular-dentate; siliques  nar-
  row, erect.— Willd. and Pursh. 
ADDENDA.
           Pennsylvania Water Cress.

  Prom six inches to a foot high.  Flowers white, small.
Whole plant  peperish.  In low  meadow-grounds, and near
rivulets and springs; common. Perennial. May.
         DIADELPHIA, DECANDRIA.

 To genus Lathy rus, No. 314. vol. 2. page 72,
           add the following species:

No.  2. Lathyrus venosus; stem  naked,  four-an-
  gled; stipules  semi-sagittate, ovate, acuminate;
  folioles very numerous, nearly alternate, ovate,
  obtuse, mucronate, veined;  peduncles shorter
  than the leaf, 5-10 flowered.— Willd. and Pursh.

  Flowers purple. Perennial. July. Within the limits of this
work; Mr. Collins.
  To Andromeda panicuiata add the following
                   synonym:

Andromeda ligustrina, Muhl. Cat. 2d ed.
Yaccinium ligustrinum, L.



          SYNGENESIA, ^QUALIS.

To genus Cnicus, No. 306. p. 94. vol. 2, add the
               following species:
5. Cnicus arvensis; leaves sessile, pinnatifid, some-
  what smooth, ciliate, very spinous; stem panicu-
  late; calices ovate, mucronate;  scales  broad-
  lanceolate, adpressed, woolly  on the margin.—
  Pursh.
Carduus arvensis, Smith. 
220                         ADDENDA.
Serratula arvensis, Willd.
  Icon. Fl. Dan. 644. Engl. Bot. 975.

                 Canada Thistle.

  Flowers purple, smaller than those of Nos. 1, 2, 3 or 4.  Since
printing the foregoing pages I have been directed for this
plant by Mr. Collins to the neighbourhood of the forge at the
corner of Vine-street and the Ridge-road, where I found it
abundant. Mr. C, has found it elsewhere. Perennial. July.
                 GYNANDRIA.

To Cypripedium humile, page 145. vol. 2, add to
        the English name, « Noah's Ark.'
The following plants, I am informed by Mr. Col-
  lins, have  been found in this neighbourhood:
  viz.

Aster rigidius.
Agrostis sobolifera, (flat rock-bridge, Schuylkill.)
Char a glabra.
Chara foliosa.
Erigeron strigosum.
No. 402. Elephantophus Carolinianus.
Rudbeckia fulgida.
No. 403. Scleria paucifolia.
Scleria triglomerata.
No. 404. Uniola gracilis,  (Jersey.)
No. 405. Viscumpurpureum, Muhl.
  N. B. Cyperus minimus, for which I quoted Dr. Clever, on
the authority of Mr. Nuttall, has not, the Doctor informs me,
been found by him within the limits of this book.
  Rhododendron maximum, or Great Mountain Laurel, I have
found in the woods near Gray's ferry, where it appears to be
wild. July, 1818. 
INDEX  TO  THE GENERA.
Actxa	9
Aquilegia -	12
Actxa	13
Ascyrum -	13
Anona	18
Anemone -	19
Anemone	23
Antirrhinum	43
Arabis	56
Arachis	75
JEschynomene	80
Apios	82
Arctium	94
Anonymos -	96
Ageratum	100
Aster	107
Aster	109
Anthemis -	126
Achillea	127
Actinomeris	132
Ambrosia	133
Arethusa -	141
. irethusa	144
Aristolochia	145
Asarum	146
Alnus	159
Amaranthus	162
Alisma	166
Arum	180
Mies Acalypha	182
	184
Acnida	193
Aspidium	208
Asplenium	210
Adiantum	212
Aristida (addenda)	
Agrostis (do.)	
Acer (do.)	
Arundo (do.)	
Andromeda (do.)	
Anthopogon (do.)	
Brasenia	.	26
Brachystemum	o	6,35
Bignonia	.	43
Barbarea -		54
Bicucullata	.	68
Buphthalmum		127
Bidens	.	130
Betula	160	159
Boehmeria	.	160
Betula		174
Botrychium	-	204
Botrypus		204
Bucknera (addenda)		
C.		
Cistiis		7
Chelidonium -	.	8
Castalia		12
Cimicifuga	-	12
Clematis		19
Caltha	.	22
Cyamus		26
Clinopodium	-	34
Clinopodium		36
Chelone	.	47
Chelone		48
Cardamine	.	57
Cardamine (addenda]		
Corydalis	-	68
Crotalaria -		71
Clitoria	.	83
Cichorium -		88
Cnicus	.	94
Carduus	95,94	
Cirsium	.	95
Chrysochoma		96
Critonia	.	97
Cacalia		102
Conyza	109,	108
Chrysocoma		122
Chry santh emum	-	126
Coreopsis	133,	131
  K. B. The words of the Index in Italics are synonymous genera, an* are only
to be found under other'generic terms.

   VOl.  II.                   20 
222                       INDEX IO THE GENERA.
Coreopsis	.		- 132	Glycine	-		-	82
Calopogon		-	141	Galactia		-		83
Cymbidium	-	144,143,141		Gulega	-		-	85
Corallorhiza		-	143	Gnaphalium		-		103
Cypripedium	-		- 144	Goody era	-		-	138
Chara		.	148	Gleditschia		-		196
Carex	.		- 150		II			
Comptonia		-	158	Helianthemum			-	6
Corylus	-		- 173	Hypericum		-		14
Castanea		-	174	Hypericum	-		-	17
Carpinus	.		- 176	Hydrastis		-		22
Caiya		-	178	Hepatica			-	2.3
Calla	-		- 181	Hydropeltis		-		26
Cypripedium	(addenda)			Hyssopus			-	31
Caltha (do.)	-		-	Hibiscus				65
Cardamine (do.)		.		Hedysarum		80, 77,		
Cnicus (do.)	D.		-	Hedysarum Hieracium	■		-	78 92
Drab a	.		52	Hyoseris	.		.	93
Dent aria		-	53	Heliopsis		-		127
IHclytra	.		68	Helianthus	.		.	127
Dolychos		.	83,81	Helenium		.		128
Dalea	.		97	Helianthus	.		.	128
Dioscorea -		.	196	Habenaria		.	137,	136
Diospyros	.		- 198	Humulus	-		-	194
Dicksonia -	E.	■	213	ffottonia	I.	-		198
Elodea		.	17	Inula		_		108
Euchroma	.		48	Isoetes		.		213
Epifagus		.	50	Juglans	-			177
Erysi?num	-		54	Juglans		178,	179,	180
Erysimum -		.	55	Juniperus		-		199
llrvum	.		83		K.			
Eupatorium		-	102,97	Krigia		-		93
Eupatorium	-		98	Kuhnia		-		96
Erigeron	106 and addenda				L			
h.[>idendrum	.		- 142	Liriodendron		.		18
Euphorbia		-	184	Lamium		-		32
Elodea			- 198	Lconurus		-		33
Equisetum		-	202	Limosella				42
Elephantopus (addenda)				Lepidium		-		52
	F.			Lobelia	-			60
Fvmaria -		.	69, 68	Lupinus		-		71
Filugo	.		105	Lathy rus	72 and		addenda	
Fagus		-	173	Lespedeza	75 and addenda			
Fraxinus	G.		191	Leontodon Lactuca				88 90
Glechoma	-		33	Lactuca	.			91
Gerardia -		-	44	Liatris		-		96
Geranium	-		63	Limodorum ■			141,	139
Glycine		■	82, 81	Listeria		-		139
 
INDEX TO  THE GENERA.
223
Liquidambar        .    159
Liquidambar    -        177
Lycopodium        -    203
Lathyrus (addenda)
Lespedeza (do.)
            M.
JSfenandra      -    -      7
Magnolia          -       17
Mentha        -    -     30
Marrubium        -       34
Melissa        -    -     37
Mimulus          -       47
Melampyrum   -    -     49
Malva             -       65
Medicago        -    -    75
Mikania           -      102
Malaxis         -    -   142
Morus            -      162
Myriophyllum   -    -   164
Menispermum     -      199
Menyanthes (addenda)
Mentha (do.)
            .N.
Nuphar      -      -     10
Nymphsa       -        11
JVymphxa     -      -  27, 11
JVelumbium      -        27
JVelumbo       -      -    27
Nepeta          -        31
JVeottia      -      -   138
Neottia          -      139
Nyssa        -      -   192
JVephrodium      -       208
             O.
Orchidocarpum    -        18
Origanum    -    36, 35, 34
Origanum        -       36
Orobanche   49 and addenda
Orcliis           -      136
Ophrys       -  142,141,139
Orchis           -      139
Opliioglossum  -      -   204
Osmunda         -      205
Osmunda      -      -   206
Onoclea          -       209
             P.
Portulaca    -       -    ?
Podophyllum     -        jj
Porcelia      -        -   *°
Fopulago         -        *^
Polichia	.	- 32
Pycnanthemum		34
Prunella	.	- 37
Phryma	.	40
Pedicularis	.	46
Penstemon	.	48
Polygala	-	69
Phaseolus	.	81
Prenanthes	,	89
Pogonia	-	140
Purshia	.	165
Platanus	.	176
Pinus	.	- 182
Populus	-	197
Polypodium	-	- 207
Polypodium	-	208
Pteris	-	- 211
Plantago (addenda)		
Polygonum	Q.	
Quercus	R.	- 167
Ranunculus	.	23
Hhinanthus	.	45
Rapuntium	-	60
Robinia	-	84
Rudbeckia	-	• 127
Rudbeckia   130 and addenda
Rubus(addenda)
             S.
Sanguinaria   -      -      8
Sarrasinia        -        10
Stachys      -      -     32
Satureja          -        35
Scutellaria    38 and addenda
Scrophularia      -        43
Sisymbrium   -      -55
Sida             -        64
Stylosanthes  -      -     75
Sonchus         -        91
Seratula      -     97, 96, 95
Suprago          -        96
Solidago      -      -    118
Senecio          -       125
Silphhim      -      -    127
Satyrium        -  139, 138
Sparganium  -      -    149
Sagittaria       -       165
Sa'lix        -      -    188
Smilax          -       194 
224
INDEX TO THE GENERA.
Serpicula	198
Scutellaria (addenda)	
Schualbea (do.)	
Scleria (do.) T. Tilia	
	6
Thalictrum	19
Thalictrum -	20
Teucrium	30
Thymus	35
Trichostema	39
Thlaspi	53
Turritis	57
Trifolium	73
Trifolium	75
Tephrosia	84
Tragopogon	94
Troximon	94
Tanacetum	103
Typha	148
Triosteum (addenda)	
             u.
 Urtica      -      -     160
 Urtica         -         160
 Udora      -      -     190
 Uniola (addenda)
             V.
 Verbena                 40
 Vicia          -         72
 Vernonia    -       -     96
 Verbesina       -         132
 Vallisneria   -       -     188
 Viola (addenda)
 Vitis (addenda)
             W.
 Warnera    -      -     22
 Woodwardia    -        212

             X.
Xanthium    -       -    134
             Z.
Zizania       -       -    163 
INDEX
                   TO  THE


ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES.
            A.
American Columbine   -   12
American Poplar    -     18
Anemone, wild   -     -   20
Anemone, Virginian -     20
Anemone, five-leaved   -   20
Abortive-flowered Crow-
  foot    ...    24
Archangel, stem-clasping  32
Alehoof      -      -S3
Arrow-rattle-box  -        71
American Vetch       -   72
American Locust  -       84
Acasia, false   -       -    84
Aster, yellow     -       108
Aster, heath-leaved    -   110
Aster, soft-leaved -      110
Aster, willow-leaved  -   111
Aster, spurious    -      112
Aster, phlox-leaved    -   112
Aster, waved-stemmed    112
Aster, spreading or various
  leaved      -      -   113
Aster, panicled   -       113
Aster, heart-leaved   -   114
Aster, corymbose-flower-
  ed      -      -      114
Aster, dogwood-leaved    114
Aster, large-leaved  -     115
Aster, red-stalked      - 115
Aster, smooth       -     115
Aster, small, or small-flow-
  ered      -      -     116
Aster, drooping    -     116
Aster, diverging       -  116
Aster, red-flowered  -     116
Aster, showy     -     -  117
Aster, many-flowered     117
Aster, fringe-leaved   -  117
Alder, common    -     159
Alder, candle   -     -  159
Alder, hazel       -      159
Alder tree      -      -  160
Amaranth, cluster-flower-
  ed       -       -     162
Amaranth, green-flowered 163
Amaranth, prickly   -    163
Arrow-leaved Arrow-head 165
Arrow-head, arrow-leaved 165
Arrow-head, obtuse-leav-
  ed      -       -     165
Arrow-head, varying-
  leaved  -      -      166
Arrow-head, acute-leav-
  ed      -      -      166
Acute-leaved Arrow-
  head   -      -      166
American hazel-nut  -   173
American chesnut -      174
American horn-beam  -   176
American Ipecacuanha  -  185
American Vallisneria  -  188
Ash, black    -       -   192
Ash, elder-leaved  -      192
Ash, water    -       -   192
Ash, white      -       192
Ash, red    -        -    192
Ash      -      -        192
Acnida, smooth-fruited    193
Acnida, rough-fruited     193
Aspen, large    -     -  197
Adder's tongue, common  204
            B.
Bass-wood     -          6
Blood-root         -       8
Black-snake-root       -   13
Black-spotted St. John's-
  wort      -      -     16
 20* 
226
INDEX TO THE
Beaver-wood	18
Butter-cup -	25
Basil, hoary	34
Basil, flax-leaved	35
Basil, lance-leaved	35
Basil, common wild	36
Balm f	37
Bastard penny-royal	- 39
Bastard penny-royal, linear-	
leaved	40
Bastard vervain	41
Beech-drops	- 50
Buffaloe-clover	73
Bull's clover	74
Blue-flowered Sow-thistle 91	
Burdock	94
Blue-blazing Star	96
Balm-leaved Hemp-weed	100
Bone-set	102
Blue-stemmed Golden-	
rod	123
Burr-marigold	131
Burdock, lesser	134
Burr-reed	149
Barren Sedge	150
Buxbaums' Sedge	154
Beaked Sedge	156
Burrier's Oak	168
Bartram's Oak	168
Barren Oak	168
Black Jack -	168
Black Oak	169
Bear Oak	170
Black Scrub Oak	170
Banister's Oak -	170
Barren White Oak -	171
Beech-tree	174
Beech, white	174
Beech, red	174
Birch, white	175
Birch, old-field -	175
Birch, black	175
Black Birch	175
Birch, paper	175
Birch, canoe	175
Birch, cherry	175
Birch, sweet	175
Button-wood	176
Black Walnut -	177
Butter-nut -	178
Bitter-nut	180
Broom Hickory	180
Black Spruce  -      -  183
Black or pitch Pine   -   183
Black-ash      -        192
Black Gum  -       -   193
Bulb-bearing Spleen-wort 209
Brake, common      -    212
             C.
Celandine  -          -    8
Cohosh                   9
Columbine, American  -   12
Common St. John's-wort - 14
Custard Apple      -      19
Cowslip, meadow      -   23
Crow-foot, abortive-flower-
  ed    -       -    -    24
Crow-foot, scelery-leaved  24
Crow-foot, hispid    -    24
Crow-foot, creeping    -   25
Creeping-crow-foot     -  25
Crow-foot, common bulbous 25
Crow-foot, river     -      26
Catmint Hyssop      -    31
Catmint    -             32
Catnep       -      -    32
Common wild Basil    -   36
Common Marjoram  -     37
Creeper Trumpet      -   43
Common Louse-wort      46
Cow-wheat               49
Cancer-root      -       50
Creeping Water-cress     55
Clayton's Lobelia     -     60
Cardinal plant    -       62
Common Crane's bill  -   63
Crane's bill, common      63
Crane's  bill, spotted   -   63
Crane's bill, white-flowered 63
Crane's bill, small-flowered 64
Coryc'alis, golden-flowered 68
Clover, buflaloe     :    73
Clover, white    -        73
Clover, red  -       -    73
Clover, bull's    -   -  74
Creeping Lespedeza (L. re-
  pens)      -      -    77
Common Thistle  -      95
Cross-wort    -      -   102
Climbing Mikania -      102
Cacalia, orach-leaved -   103
Coffin-plant    -    -    104
Cudweed, plantane-leaved 104
Corymbose-flowered Aster 114 
ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES.
227
 Common Groundsel  -   125
 Clover, Richardson's     126
 Chamomile, wild    -    127
 Chamomile, stinking      127
 Clotweed     -       .    134
 Cockle-burr             134
 Cats'-tail      -      .   149
 Cooper's-reed     -      149
 Cats'-tail, narrow-leaved  149
 Close-spiked  Sedge   -   151
 Chaffy Sedge    -       154
 Cutting Sedge      -    154
 Common Alder  -     -  159
 Candle Alder      -      159
 Common Nettle -     -   161
 Cluster-flowered Ama-
  ranth    -       -      162
 Chesnut White Oak   -   171
 Chinquapin Oak    -     173
 Chesnut, American   -   174
 Canoe Birch     -       175
 Cherry Birch  -      -   175
 Cotton-tree      -      176
 Common Hickory     -   179
 Carolinian Three-seeded
  Mercury    -      -   184
 Corollated  Spurge  -     186
 Caper Spurge  -      -  186
 Channel-weed    -      188
 Cone-bearing Willow  -   189
 Cedar, red     -    -     200
 Club-moss,  flat   -     -  203
 Club-moss,  running -     204
 Club-moss,  shining    -   204
 Common Adder's-tongue  204
 Cinnamon Fern    -      206
 Common Polypody    -   207
Common Brake    -      212
Canada Thistle, (addenda)
             D.
Dioiccus Meadow-rue  -   21
Dead-nettle      -   -   32
Dutchmans' breeches      68
Diverging Lespedeza   -   77
Dandelion     -     -    -  88
Dr. Witt's snake-root   -   90
Dead-mans' flower  -   - 104
Dogwood-1 e aved A ster    114
Drooping Aster    -   -  116
Diverging Aster  -    -   116
Dogs'-feunel    .    -   127'
Dyer's Oak    -    -     169
Downy red-oak  -    -   170
Dwarf red-oak    -    -  170
Dwarf chesnut-oak   -    173
Dragon Root    -    -   181
Double Spruce    -     183
Duck-grass  -    -    -  188
Deciduous roughBindweed 195
Dicksonia, hairy, or small
  fruited     -    -    -  213
             E.
Egyptian Bean     -    -  27
Entire-leaved Scull-cap    39
Emetic  weed             61
F.upatorium, hyssop-leaved 98
Eupatorium, sessile-leaved  98
Elecampane, wild    -   108
Elecampane    -      -  109
Elm-leaved Golden-rod    120
Elder-leaved Ash   -    192
Ebony Spleen-wort  -   211
             F.
Fragrant Water-lily   -    12
Five-leaved Anemone   -  20
Flax-leaved Basil  -    -   35
Fig-wort                 43
False Acasia    -    -     84
Fire-weed   -    -    125, 90
Flea-bane, Philadelphia    107
Flea-bane, various-leaved  107
Fringe-leaved Aster      117
Fragrant Golden-rod  -   121
Fescue-like Sedge    -   153
Fern, sweet    -    -    159
Fern-leaved Gale   -    - 159
Filbert, wild    -    -    173
Field Horse-tail     -     202
Flat Club-moss  -     -   203
Fern, rattle-snake  -   -  205
Fern, common   -   -  206
Fern, flowering     -     206
Fern, cinnamon  -     -  206
Flowering Fern    -      206
Fern, sensitive  -     -   210
            G.
Germander, nettle-leaved  30
Great Henbit    -     -    32
Ground  Ivy  -      -      33
Gill     -      -      -    33
Gaping Monkey-flower     47
Geranium, wild     -      63 
228
INDEX TO  THE
Golden-flowered Corvdalis  68
Goats'-rue    -           85
Gall of the Earth  -    -  91
Glandulous Hemp-weed    99
Germander-leaved Hemp-
  weed    -      -      100
Golden-rod Aster     -    109
Golden-rod, three-nerved 119
Golden-rod,  large     -    119
Golden-rod, rough   -    119
Golden-rod, tallest   -    119
Golden-rod, scabrous-leav-
  ed      -       -       120
Golden-rod,  spreading-
  branched    -      -  120
Golden-rod,  elm-leaved    120
Golden-rod, sharp-notched 120
Golden-rod, fragrant      121
Golden-rod, white-flower-
  ed     -      -      121
Golden-rod, late-flowering 121
Golden-rod, spear-leaved 122
Golden-rod, slender-leav'dl22
Golden-rod, blue-stemmed 123
Golden-rod, wave-stemm'd 123
Golden-rod, wrinkled-leav-
  ed      -       -      123
Golden-rod,  stiff    -    124
Golden-rod, great     -   124
Great Golden-rod  -   - 124
Groundsel, common   -   125
Groundsel    -     -    125
Groundsel, obovate-leaved 125
Groundsel, golden-flower-
  ed      -       -      126
Golden thickseed Sun-flow-
  er      -       -      132
Green Sedge  -    -   154
Gale, fern-leaved  -     - 159
Green-flowered Amaranth 163
Gum-tree, sweet     -    177
Gloucester-nut  -   -  173
Green Dragon    -     181
Gum-tree     -      -   193
Gum, sour      -       - 193
Gum, black   -     -    193
Gum    -      -     -  193
Green Briar   -    -  195, 194
Ground Pine  -      -  203
            H.
Herb Christopher    -     9
Hispid crow-foot
Hyssop, catmint
Henbit
Henbit Archangel
Hedge-nettle
Horehound
Hoary Basil
Hyssop-leaved Scull-cap
24
31
32
32
33
34
34
39
 Hedge-mustard, officinal   56
 Hibiscus, marsh       -    65
 Hares'-foot      -       -  74
 Hop-trefoil, huge   -      74
 Hop-trefoil, small      -  74
 Hop-trefoil, least  -     -75
 Hispid Stylosanthes  -     75
 Hedysarum, different spe-
  cies    -     -     79, 78
 Hawkweed, veined-leaved  92
 Hyssop-leaved, Eupatorium 98
 Hemp-weed, glandular     99
 Hemp-weed, spear-leaved  99
 Hemp-weed, Germander-
  leaved     -      -     99
 Hemp-weed, round-leaved  99
 Hemp-weed, balm-leaved 100
 Hemp-weed, three-leaved 100
 Hemp-weed, hollow-stem-
  med    -      -      100
 Hemp-weed, maculated   101
 Hemp-weed, whorled-leav-
  ed       -      -      101
 Heath-leaved Aster   -    110
 Heart-leaved Aster    -   114
 Hawk-weed      -       125
 Hog-weed, trifid-leaved   133
 Hog-weed, wormwood^
  leaved      -      -   133
Hog-weed, tall     -      134
 Headed Sedge     -      150
Hares'-foot Sedge     -    152
Hairy-beaked Sedge      155
Hop-like Sedge     -     156
 Hazel Alder   -     -  159
Hemp-nettle      -      161
Hazel-nut, American     173
Horn-beam, American    176
Hickory Nut      -     178
Hickory, thick shell-bark 178
Hickory, shell-bark       179
Hickory, shagg-bark     179
Hickory, scaly bark      179 
ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES.
229
Hickory, common    -    179
Hickory, mocker-nut  -   179
Hickory, white-heart      179
Hickory, white      -    180
Hickory, swamp    -     180
Hickory, broom   -    -  180
Hog Nut     -      -    180
Hemlock, spruce  -    -  182
Horn-beam, swamp   -   193
Hop      -       -       194
Honey Locust      -     197
Horse-tail, field  -     -  202
Horse-tail, wood    -    202
Horse-tail, rough    -    202
Hairy Dicksonia  -    -   213
             I.
Indian Paint       -       8
Indian Tobacco   -        61
Indian Mallow, thorny     64
Indian Mallow, round-leav-
  ed      -       -       64
Ivy-leaf, white-flowered    89
Indian Sage       -       102
Indian Rice    -      -  164
Iron Oak  -      -      170
Indian Turnip      -    181
Ipecacuanha,  American   185
Ipecacuanha,  spurge      185
Interrupted Osmunda     206
             J.
Jagged-leaved Toothwon,' 53
Jagged-leaved Rudbeckia 130
Juniper Tree   -    -   200
             K.
Kidney-bean, perennial    81
             L.
Lime Tree    -      -     6
Linden Tree   *• •      -   6
Lemon, wild        -      9
Liver-wort, three-leaved   23
Linear-leaved bastard Pen-
  ny-royal    -      -    40
Louse-wort, pale-flowered 46
Louse-wort, common   -   46
Lyre-leaved  Wall-cress    56
Lobelia, Clayton's    -    60
Lupin, perennial  -     -  71
Large Hop-trefoil    -     74
Least Hop-trefoil    -    75
Lespedeza, veined-leaved 76
Lespedeza, shrubby
76
Lespedeza, violet-flowered 76
Lespedeza, diverging     77
Lespedeza, trailing    -   77
Lespedeza, creeping, (L.
  repens)      -      -77
Locust, wild       -      84
Locust, American    -   84
Lions'-foot -      -      90
Long-leaved Wild Lettuce 90
Life-everlasting    -    104
Large-leaved Aster   -  115
Large Golden-rod    -  119
Late-flowering Golden-rod 121
Lesser Burdock   -    -  134
Long-pointed Sedge   -  156
Large Tupelo     -    -  193
Locust, sweet  -    -   197
Locust, honey   -    -  197
Locust, three-thorned   197
Large Aspen    -    -  197
Large Shield-fern  -   - 208
Leaf-rooting Spleen-wort 210
             M.
May-apple    -      -     9
Mandrake -      -     -   9
Many-stemmed St. Peter's-
  wort     -      -      13
Meadow-rue, dioicous -   21
Meadow-rue, rough-leaved 21
Meadow-rue, polygamous  21
Meadow-rue, purple   -   22
Marsh Marigold     -     23
Meadow-cowslip  -    -   23
Mother-wort  -      -    33
Mug-wort   -     -      33
Marjoram, common   -   37
Mud-wort   -      -     42
Monkey-flower, gaping    47
Monkey-flower, wing-stem-
  med      -      -      47
Mouse-ear Wall-cress or
  Turkey-pod    -    -   56
Mallow,  round-leaved  -   65
Marsh Hibiscus    -    -  65
Milk-wort, yellow-flowered 69
Myrtle-leaved Pea-vine    72
Maculated or spotted Hemp-
  weed       -       -   101
 Mav-weed     -      -  127
 Milfoil     -       -      127
 Marigold, burr       -   131 
30
INDEX TO  THE
Many-flowered Aster     11"
Many-flowered Sedge     151
Marginated Sedge    -    155
Millet Sedge     -    -   158
Mulberry, red    -    -  162
Mountain Mahogany  -   175
Mahogany, mountain  -   175
Mocker-nut, hickory  -   179
Mercury, Virginian, three-
  seeded    -      -    184
Mercury, Carolinian, three-
  seeded    -      -    184
Mole-plant     -     -   186
Moon-seed       -      199
Marginal Shield-fern  -   208
Maiden-hair   -    -    213
Mow-hair   -    -    -   213
             N.
Nettle-leaved Germander  30
Nep                     32
Nettle-leaved Vervain     41
Narrow-leaved Cats'-tail   149
Nettle, pellucid     -    160
Nettle, common   -    -   161
Nettle, hemp       -    161
New Jersey Pine -    -   183
New York Shield-fern    209
             O.
Officinal Hedge-mustard    56
Orach-leaved Cacalia     103
Obovate-leaved Groundsel 125
Ox-eye Daisey      -     126
Ox-eye, smooth -     -  128
Orchis, yellow-fringed    136
Orchis, white-fringed     136
Obtuse-leaved arrow-head 165
Oak, willow      -      167
Oak, Bartram's      -   168
Oak, Burner's  -        168
Oak, various-leaved  -   168
Oak, water     -        168
Oak, barren         -   168
Oak, black     -        169
Oak, dyer's          -   169
Oak, red   -       170, 169
Oak, two-coloured       169
Oak, scarlet      -      169
Oak, Spanish  -       -   170
Oak, downy-red          170
Oak, pin    -      -     170
Oak, swamp Spanish     170
Oak, bear    -       -    170
Oak, black scrub -    -  170
Oak, dwarf red      -    170
Oak, Banister's   -    -  170
Oak, upland white        171
Oak, iron    -       -    171
Oak, barren white        171
Oak, post    -       -    171
Oak, white     -      -  171
Oak, chesnut  white  -    171
Oak, swamp chesnut      171
Oak, swamp white        172
Oak, rock chesnut   -    172
Oak, yellow    -      -  172
Oak, chinquapin    -    173
Oak, dwarf chesnut       173
Old-field Birch      -    175
Oil Nut    -      -      178
Osmunda, royal      -    206
Osmunda, tall  -       -  206
Osmunda, interrupted    206
One-flowered Orobanche,
  (addenda)
Orobanche, one-flowered  218
             P.
Purslane     -      -      8
Puccoon        -          8
Papaw       -      -     19
Polygamous Meadow-rue   21
Purple Meadow-rue       22
PenJ&f-royal,  bastard       39
Penny-royal, bastard linear-
  leaved    -      -     40
Purple Toad Flax         44
Pale-flowered Louse-wort  46
Painted Cup       -       49
Pepper-grass, wild         52
Pepper-wort,  wild         52
Perennial Lupin    -     71
Pea-vine, myrtle-leaved    72
Perennial Kidney-bean     81
Potatoe-vine,  wild    -     82
Poor Robert's Plantane 106,92
Plantane-leaved Cudweed 106
Philadelphia Flea-bane    107
Plowman's Wort    -    110
Phlox-leaved  Aster  -    112
Panicled Aster      -    113
Panicled Sedge      -    152
Plantane Sedge      -    157
Pellucid Nettle      -    160 
ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAMES.
231
Prickly Amaranth	163	Red Beech	174
Pin Oak	170	Red-rooted Willow	190
Post Oak	171	Red Ash	192
Paper Birch -	175	Rough-fruited Acnida	194
Plane-tree	176	Round-leaved Smilax -	194
Purging Hickory-nut	178	Rough Bind-weed, stink-	
Pig-nut	180	ing	195
Pedate-leaved Wake Robin 181		Red Cedar	200
Pine, New Jersey	183	Rough Horse-tail	202
Pine, scrub	183	Running Club-moss	204
Pine, pitch -	183	Rattlesnake Fern	205
Pine, yellow	183	Royal Osmunda	206
Pine, black, or pitch	183	S.	
Pitch Pine	183	Spoon-wood	6
Peperidge -	193	Side-saddle Flower	10
Poplar	197	Splatter-dock	10
Pcrsimon-tree	198	Small water Lily	11
Polypody, common	207	St. Peter's-wort, many	
Polypody, Virginia	207	stemmed	13
Pennsylvania Water-cress	,	St. John's-wort, common	14
(addenda)		St. John's-wort, slender	16
Q		St. John's-wort, black-spot-	
Quercitron	169	ted	16
R.		Swamp Magnolia	18
Rock-rose	7	Swamp Sassafras	18
Rich-weed	13	Sweet Bay	18
River crow-foot	26	Swamp Laurel	18
Rough Wound-wort -	33	Small Magnolia	18
Ransted-weed	44	Scelery-leaved Crow-foot	24
Round-leaved Indian Mai		Sacred-bean of India	27
low	64	Stem-clasping Archangel	32
Round-leaved Mallow. -	65	Self-heal	37
Rattle-box, arrow	71	Scull-cap, common	38
Red Clover	73	Scull-cap, slender	38
Round-leaved Hemp-weed 100		Scull-cap, side-flowering	38
Red-stalked Aster	116	Slender Scull-cap	38
Red-flowered Aster	116	Side-flowering Scull-cap	38
Rough Golden-rod	119	Scull-cap, entire-leaved	39
Richardson's Clover	126	Scull-cap, hyssop-leaved	- 39
Rough-leaved Sun-flower	129	Snap-dragon, wdd	44
Rudbeckia, jagged-leaved 130		Snake-head	48
Reed-mace	149	Shad-blossom	52
Rose Sedge	152	Shepherd's Purse	- 53
Round-spiked Sedge -	157	Sickle-leaved Wall-cress	57
Rich-weed	160	Smooth Tower-mustard	57
Red Mulberry	162	Spotted Crane's-bill	63
Rice, Tuscarora -	164	Small-flowered Crane's-bill 64	
Rice, wild	164	Small Hop-trefoil	74
Rice, Indian -	164	Stylosanthes, hispid	75
Red Oak - - 170	, 169	Shrubby Lespedeza -	76
Red Chesnut Oak	172	Succory, wild	88
 
INDEX TO THE
Snake-root, Dr. Witt's    90
Sow-thistle, blue-flowered 91
Sow-thistle, yellow-flower-
  ed or common     -    91
Stem-clasping Swine's-suc-
  cory      -       -     94
Swine's-succory, stem-clasp-
  ing      -       -     94
Sessile-leaved Eupatorium 98
Spear-leaved Hemp-weed 100
Scabious       -      -  107
Scabious, sweet    -    107
Sweet Scabious    -     107
Star-wort, white-topped  109
Star-wort, savoury-leaved 110
Savoury-leaved Star-wort 110
Soft-leaved Aster
Star-wort, umbelled-flow-
  ered
Spurious Aster
Spreading Aster
Smooth Aster  -
Small or  small-flowered
  Aster
Showy Aster
Scabrous-leaved Golden-
  rod
Spreading-branched Gold-
  en-rod        -       120
Sharp-notched Golden-
  rod    " -       -     120
Spear-leaved Golden-rod 122
Slender-leaved Golden-
  rod
Stiff Golden-rod
Stinking Camomile
Smooth Ox-eye
Sneeze-weed   -
Soft-leaved Sun-flower
Sun-flower, soft-leaved
Sun-flower, throat-wort
  leaved
Sun-flower, small-flowered 129
Sun-flower, ten-petalled  129
Spanish-needles
Sun-flower, golden  thick-
  seed
Sedge, barren
Sedge, headed
Sedge, close-spiked
Sedge, many-flowered
110

111
112
113
115

116
117

120
122
124
127
128
128
129
129

129
132

132
150
150
151
151
Sedge, panicled
Sedge, hare's-foot
Sedge, rose
Straw-coloured Sedge
Sedge, fescue-like  -
Sedge, straw-coloured
Sedge, turfy
Sedge, chaffy
Sedge, cutting
Sedge, green
Sedge, Buxbaums'   -
Sedge, variable
Sedge, marginated
Sedge, hairy-beaked  -
Sedge, long-pointed
Sedge, beaked
Sedge, hop-like
Sedge, round-spiked
Sedge, yellow
Sedge, plantane
Sedge, two-edged  -
Sedge, zigzag-spiked  -
Sedge, millet
Sedge, strand  -
Strand Sedge
Sweet Fern
Scarlet Oak
Spanish Oak
Swamp Spanish Oak
Swamp Chesnut Oak  -
Swamp White Oak -
Sweet Birch
Sycamore tree
Sweet Gum-tree
Springfield Nut   -
Shell-bark Hickory
Shagg-bark Hickory
Scaly-bark Hickory
Swamp Hickory
Spruce, hemlock
Spruce, black
Spruce, double
Scrub Pine
St. John's-wort Spurge
Spotted Spurge
Spurge, St. John's-wort-
  leaved
Spurge, spotted
Spurge, corollated
Spurge, caper
Stiff-leaved Willow
15'J
152
152
152
153
153
153
154
154
154
154
154
154
154
156
156
156
157
157
157
157
158
158
158
158
159
169
170
170
171
172
175
176
177
178
179
179
179
180
182
183
183
183
185
185

185
185
186
186
190 
ENGLISH AND VULGAR NAME.S.
233
Swamp Horn-beam       193
Smooth-fruited Acnida    193
Smilax, round-leaved  -   194
Stinking  Rough  Bind-
  weed      -       -    195
Smooth-leaved Yam-root  196
Sweet Locust    -       197
Scouring Rush       -    202
Scour-grass      -       202
Shining Club-moss    -    204
Shield fern, terminal      208
Shield fern, marginal  -   208
Shield fern, large  -      208
Shield fern, Xew York    209
Shield fern, dark, or spleen-
  wort      -       -    209
Spleen-wort, bulb-bearing 209
Sensitive fern    -       210
Spleen-wort, leaf-rooting  210
Spleen-wort, ebony   -    211
Sinall-fruitcd Dicksonia    213
            T.
Turmeric       -      -   8
Tulip Tree  -     ■  -     18
Traveller's Joy         -  19
Three-lobed Liver-wort   23
Tall Hyssop      -      -  31
Thyme, Virginian    -     35
Tall Vervain     -      -  41
Trumpet Creeper   -     43
Toad-flax    -        -  44
Toad-flax, purple    -     44
Tooth-wort, jagged-leaved 53
Turkey-pod, mouse-ear    57
Turkey-pod, bulbous-root-
  ed                    57
Tower-mustard, smooth   57
Thorny Indian Mallow     64
Trailing Lespedeza  -    77
Thistle, common          95
Thistle, yellow,      -    95
Three-leaved Hemp-weed 100
Thorough-wort    -     102
Tansey      -       -   103
Three-nerved Golden-rod 119
Tallest Golden-rod       119
Throat-wort-leaved Sun-
  flower     -       -   129
Ten-petalled Sun-flower  129
Trifid-leaved Hog-weed  133
Tall Hog-weed      -    134
   VOL.  II.
Turfy Sedge       -    153
Two-edged Sedge       157
Tuscarora Rice   -       164
Two-coloured Oak       169
Thick Shell-bark Hickory 178
Turnip, Indian      -    181
Tape Grass    -      - 188
Tupelo, large       -    193
Three-thorned Locust    197
Tall Osmunda  -      - 208
Terminal Shield-fern    208
Thistle, Canada (addenda)
            U.
Umbelled-flowered Star-
  wort      -      -    111
Upland White Oak      171
            V.
Virgin's Bower      -      19
Virginian Anemone       20
Virginian Thyme    -    35
Vervain,  bastard     -    41
Vervain,  tall    -         41
Vervain,  nettle-leaved      41
Vetch, American     -    72
Veined-leaved Lespedeza  76
Violet-flowered Lespedeza 76
Veined-leaved Hawk-weed  92
Vervain-leaved Hemp-
  weed      -       -   101
Various-leaved Flea-bane 107
Various-leaved Aster     113
Variable  Sedge      -     155
Varying-leaved Arrow-
  head     -       -     166
Various-leaved Oak      168
Virginian Three-seeded
  Mercury    -      -  184
Vallisneria, American     188
Villous-leaved Yam-root  196
Virginian Polypody     207
             W.
Wild Lemon       -       9
Water Lily, small     -   11
Water Lily, fragrant      12
White Poplar       -      18
Wild Anemone        -   20
Water-shield       -      26
Wound-wort, rough       S3
Wild Snap-dragon    -    44
Wing-stemmed Monkey-
  flower     -      -   47
21 
234
INDEX, &C.
Whitlow-grass            52
Wild Pepper-grass        52
Water-cress       .      54
Water Radish   .       .55
Water-cress, creeping     55
Wall-cress, mouse-ear     56
Wall-cress, lyre-leaved    56
Wall-cress, sickle-leaved   57
Wall-cress, bulbous-rooted 57
Wild Tobacco       .     61
Wild Geranium   .      .  63
White-flowered Crane's-
   bill                    63
White Clover    .        73
Wild Potatoe-vine        82
Wild Locust-tree         84
Wild Succory    .      .88
White-flowered Wild
   Lettuce, or Ivy-leaf     89
Wild Lettuce, white-flow-
   ered     .      •      89
Wild Lettuce, long-leaved 90
Whorled-leaved Hemp-
   weed     .       .      101
Wild Elecampane    .   108
White-topped Star-wort   109
Willow-leaved Aster      111
Wave-stemmed Aster    112
 White Weed     .       126
 Wild Chamomile    .    127
Wormwood-leaved Hog-
   weed    .       .      133
 White-fringed Orchis     136
 White-flowered Golden-
   rod                   121
 Wave-stemmed Golden-
   rod             .     123
 Wrinkled-leaved Golden-
   rod       .      .     123
 Wild Rice    .       .   164
 Willow Oak       .      167
Water Oak          .168
White Oak              171
Wild Filbert   .          173
White Beech            174
White Birch   .      .   175
Water Beech     .      176
Walnut, black       .   177
White Walnut    .      178
White-heart Hickory     179
White Hickory   .      180
Wake-robin, pedate-leaved 181
Willow          .      189
Willow, cone-bearing    189
Willow, red-rooted       190
Willow, stiff-leaved      190
Willow, white           191
White Willow    .       191
Willow, yellow          191
Water Ash       .       192
White Ash          .    192
Wood Horse-tail         202
Water-cress, Pennsylvania 219

             Y.
Yellow Poplar      .       18
Yellow Root   .       .     22
Yellow-flowered Milk-wort 69
Yellow-flowered  Sow-this-
   tle       .       .       91
Yellow Thistle     .       95
Yellow Aster  .       .   108
Yarrow    .      .     127
Yellow-fringed Orchis    136
Yellow Sedge     •     157
 Yellow Oak   .       .    172
 Yellow Pine      .     183
 Yellow Willow       .    191
 Yam-root, smooth-leaved  196
 Yam-root, villous-leaved  196
             Z.
 Zizzag-spiked Sedge     158
THB  END.