ANIMADVERSIONS 
O N 
A late Pompous Book, 
Intituled, 
OSTEOGRAPHIA: 
O R, 
The Anatomy of the Bones. 
By Wr lliam Che see den Efq; 
Surgeon to Her Majesty. 
F. R. S. 
Surgeon to St. Thomdis Hofpital; 
And Member of the 
Royal Academy of Surgery at Paris. 
b y/> 
John Douglas Surgeon, F. R. S. 
Decipimur Specie reSli. 
Hor. 
LONDON. 
Printed for and Sold only by the Author in Lad-Lanet 
near Guild-Hall. M.d cc.mv. ANIMADVERSIONS 
O N 
Mr. Cheselden’s Bones, &c. 
SH E chief end of Oleography, as I take it, 
is to enable practitioners to cure the dif- 
eales to which the bones are liable, with 
more cafe, dexterity, and certainty, than 
otherwife they could be capable of. But 
how little Mr. C h £ s e l d e n has had this 
truly laudable defign in view, through the whole of this large 
andmoft expenfive work, will appear to the Incorrupti 
Ju dices from the following obfervations. 
In the title he calls his book, “ The Anatomy of the Bones " 
but whether of the bones of a Man, a Man-Tyger, a Bat, a 
Rat, or what elfe, he leaves the reader to guefs. 
It confifts of a Preface to the reader, an Introduftion and 
eight little Chapters : (above three parts of which had been 
publiflied four times before in 8vo.) They may be all read 
in Ids than two hours, yet the fublcription price was four 
guineas; and thofc which were not fubfcribed for, viz,, above 
three parts of the whole, as I have been informed, are not 
to be fold (as ooir author allures us) under fix guineas, and 
will coft a guinea binding, which is in all Seven Guineas for 
a book on the Bones. 2 
Animadverfions on 
£)u<ere i. How much this work would have coft, if, ac- 
cording to his firft defign *, he had gone through, in the 
lame pompous manner (/. e- every part being as big as the 
life, which would have come within a large folio leaf, and 
the Frontice-pieces, Head-pieces, and Tail-pieces, taken from 
the mufcles,vifcera,&c. of other animals) with theMyo-logy, 
Entero-logy, Angeio-Iogy, Neuro-logy, Adenology,&c. ? I 
guels, not lefs than Fifty Guineas; and if fo, pray who would 
have bought it? A■ Very few, if any. Therefore he muft 
have given them away, as, he lays, he has done above twenty 
per Cent, of the real coft of the prefent work f. 
Quwe 2. When might we have expefted this great work. 
In cafe he had gone on with that noble defign? A■ If we 
may judge of this by the time he was about the bones, we 
could not with any rcafon have expedled it in lefs than Half a 
Century; for he was feven years a finishing them, after they 
were Nearly finifhed ; as appears by his propofals, dated 
January 9, 1725-7, and his preface 4 : yet it was not pub- 
liflied ’till March 1734. 
square 3. How long muft this work have been begun, that 
was Seven Years a finifliing, after being Nearly finiflied ? 
“ To the Reader.” 
Parag. 1. lin. 1. “ Every bone in the human body bc- 
ing here delineated, as large as the life.” 
Notwithftanding this folemn declaration at firft fettingout, 
yet I don’t find he has fo much as mentioned, much lefs dc- 
* Preface, parag. lajl. “ When I began this work I in~ 
“ tended a whole fy(lem of anatomy, adorned with the compara- 
“ five, in three volumes. See.” 
t Preface,parag. 6. u fhis volume is made above twenty 
“ perCent. ( which I always intended) better than the fuhfcription 
“ propofals” 
£ Preface, parag. 6. u rfhis volume being nearly fntjhed, 
U ** ‘lvas offered by fuhfcription (without felicitations ) at font 
“ guineas Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, 6cc. 
3 
lineated, the Os Hyoides, (a bone he has both defcribed and 
delineated, tho’ after a very paultry manner in four Svo edi- 
tions, viz. in 1713, 1722,1726, and 1750. a bone ofas much 
confluence to health, nay life itfolf, as any in the body) but 
two of the Ofla Sefamoidea, and none of the Triticea*. Is 
not this a fine Exordium ? In one of his anatomical fylla- 
bus’s he places the Os Hyoides after the bones of the Toes; in 
his four Svo editions, he places it after the bones of the 
Trunk, and gives the following reafon for it, viz. 
u I chufe to mention it in this place, becaufe I know none 
“ more proper among the bones.” 
Tho’ He did not know a More proper place for it, yet if he 
had confulted almoft any other author •}•, they would have 
Ihewn him a More proper place,viz. immediately after the bones 
of the head, where they have placed it, becaufe it’s always at- 
tached by two ligaments to the Proceffus Styloides of the tem- 
poral bones. Pray by what means is the Os Hyoides attached 
to the Toes, Os Sacrum, or Coccigis 1 Might he not with as 
much reafon, have defcribed it amongft the fmall bones of 
the Ear 1 But to make amends for omitting the Os Hyoides, 
&c. he delineates, tab. i. fig. 5. a bone taken out of a man’s 
heart, a bone which does not naturally belong to the hu- 
man body, but is a difeafe; yea, a difeafe which very few 
are ever troubled with; old-age being its principal caufe: 
nay, it’s a difeafe which neither Mr.Chiselden, nor his 
moil excellent anatomift, could ever cnee cure. 
£)u&re. Whether the Os Hyoides, or the Bone in a man’s 
heart, are of moft confequence to be delineated and well dc- 
foribed to pra&itioners ’ 
Parag. 1. “ I thought it ufelefs to make long deferiptions, 
one view of Such prints Brewing more than the fulleft and 
“ beft defoription can poflibly do; and for this reafon in the 
* Mr. Belchier, however, in his account of this work, is fo far 
from obferving this Blunder, that he ajferts the fame thing, Phil, 
tfranfacfions, NQ 450. 1734, 
t Columhus) Heifer, 6cc. 4 
Animadverfions on 
*( fevcral chapters, the Mechanical Contrivances of the Bones 
“ are rather treated of than their lhapes.” 
In chapter 6. parag. laft, he lays, 4‘ This work being prin- 
“ cipaliy defign’d for the dei'cription of the bones.” 
Thus yon fee in one place, he aflerts, that the principal 
defign of his work was for the defcription of the bones ; 
in another, that in the feveral chapters, the mechanical con- 
trivances of the bones are rather treated of than their fhapess 
i. e. their defcriptions. 
S%tt<ere. Are thefetwo defigns confident with one another? 
If his principal defign was the defcription of the bones, how 
can full and exact defcriptions be ul’eiefs ? Is it not the only 
way to anfwer his principal and main defign ? To which 
he anfwereth and fayeth, that one view of Such prints Ihews 
more than the fudeft and beft defcriptions can poflibly do. 
If fo, he had no occafion to have given us any defcriptions 
at all. But in my opinion, the beft prints will be of little 
ufe to moft readers, unlefs they are not only well contriv'd* 
but alfo fully, correctly, and judicioufly explain’d, as many 
of thele are not. 
If his principal defign was to defcrihc the mechanical 
contrivances of the bones; why did he not keep to his text? 
and demonftrate that it was not only the moft rational, but 
alfo the moft inftru&ive way of treating them, and explain- 
ing their difeafes and cures ? 
u ThelNTRODUcrroN.*’ aliasofthe bones in general. 
This is one of the longeft chapters in this work, viz. two 
leaves. The beft way to make it appear a florid, meaning- 
lels harangue, and that all that’s ufeful in it might be writ- 
ten in fix lines, would be to quote it at length ; but that be- 
ing more coft than worlhip, I Ihall refer the curious to the 
original. Mr. Chefclden’s Bones, &c. 
5 
“ Chapter I. 
** Sutures and bones of the Cranium.” 
In the firft fix paragraphs, he gives a Ihort and pertinent 
account of the futures, and in the feventh draws feveral good 
practical deductions from thence. Oh ! had he done lb 
through the whole! 
In his laft three 8vo editions, he begins this very feventh 
paragraph, as follows. “ The Icull being Thus (i. e. as he 
has juft delcribed the futures) divided into many bones, &c. 
But in this large volume, he fays, “ The fcull being divided 
“ into many bones, &c. 
S%u<ere. Whether this can be called improving backwards 
or forwards ? 
Parag. 9, Is a tedious and defcription of the Os 
Frontis, in the end of which he lays, u Thele finus's, and 
“ the Ipine in this bone, make it very dangerous, if not im- 
“ practicable, to apply a trephine on the middle and lower 
part of the forehead.” 
This is certainly true, and would have been a very uleful 
oblervation, if he had explained how and after what manner 
they make it dangerous to trepan on the middle or lower 
part of the forehead j inftead of barely aflcrting it- 
Parag. 11. He fpends a whole page in delcribing the Os 
Sphenoides, which is of no ufe in practice. 
Parag. 1 z and 13. He defcribes the fituation and pre- 
cedes of the Os Temporis, viz. Mamillaris, Jugalis, and Sty- 
loides ( parts neceflary to be well underftood. ) Then he 
takes notice of fome holes and precedes in both infide and 
outfide, which are of no ule in praCtice; but does not fo much 
as mention the Meatus Auditorius, fituation of the Membrana 
Tympani,the Ridge on which it is bent, the Four fmall bones, 
Bareli, Euftachian tube,8cc. parts which ought to be well un- 
derftood by every practitioner. 
Parag. 16. “A girl nine years of age, had a fraCture of 
11 the fcull, which extended acrofs the Os Bregmatis, from 6 
Animadverfions on 
“ the fagittal future to the temporal bone, part of the bone 
“ was deprefled, and a great deal of blood extravafated. I 
“ made two perforations with the trephine, clofe to the 
“ frafture, that I might raife it up fteadily through both, 
“ and have more room for the extravafated blood to dif- 
“ charge: and ten days after the former operation, the Aper- 
“ tures being almoft filled up with the Callous, I was obliged 
“ to make another perforation to difeharge the matter more 
“ freely.” 
Mr. Cheseiden has publifhed this cafe in his three laft 
Svo editions. In all which he fays, 
“ But, neverthelefs, ten days after the former operation, I 
u was obliged to make another perforation, to difeharge the 
matter more freely.” 
Very good! But in this folio edition (twelve years after his 
firft account of it) he adds a new claufe, not mentioned before, 
and gives it as areafonforhis making a third perforation, vix. 
“ The Apertures being almoft filled up with the Callous.” 
But pray, how is it poflible the apertures could be filled up 
with a callus in ten days 1 Don’t every body know, who ever 
faw the fcull perforated, that the edges of thefe holes muft 
exfoliate before ever the callus can fhoot out ? and alfo that 
an exfoliation cannot be cxpe&ed, in the moft healthy confti- 
tution, under three times ten days, and often longer ? If 
fuch a fpeedy exfoliation had happened in a popifh country, 
It would certainly have been deemed a miracle performed by 
fome w——- or i>~~ of a faint, for nature could not do it. 
“ Chapter II. 
u Of the bones of the face,” &c. 
Parag. I. “ Offa Nafi, make the upper part of the nolc; 
** they form that kind of Arch which is fitteft to fuftain fuch 
“ injuries as the nofe is moft expofed to,” 
Pray what kind of an arch is that 1 A That fort of an 
arch which nature thought moft proper. Great news indeedi! 
Parag. 5. “ Maxilla Superior, is always deferibed Angle, 
•c tho’ it is manifeftly divided by a future, which is fegree 
f‘ ever obliterated.’* Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, See. 
7 
This aflcrtion would make any man believe, that Mr. 
Cheselden had never read any books on the bones, but 
his own ; for the firft three books I turn’d to, to examine the 
truth of it, viz. Heister, Drake, and Monro,all deferibc 
it as two bones. With what grace then, can he affert that its 
always defcribed Angle? and continue it through five different 
editions: nay, its fo far from being always defcribed Angle, 
as he afferts, that I don’t remember I ever met with one au- 
thor, ignorant enough to do fo. 
Qutre. Whether this fmells moft of H n labour, or 
lupine negligence ? 
Parag. 5. w Between the pofterior grinding teeth and the 
M orbits of the eyes are two great finus’s, called Antra 
“ Maxilhe Superioris, which open into the upper part of the 
u nofe. Part of the fides of thefe cavities, that lie next the 
41 nofe, are only membranes which make the cavities like 
“ drums, perhaps to give a grave found to the voice when 
“ we let part of it through the nofe; but brutes not need- 
u ing fuch variety of founds, have thefe cavities open 
to the nofe, and filled with lamellae, which are covered 
“ with membranes, in which the olfactory nerves termi- 
** nate, for a more extpuifite fenfe of fmelling than is nc- 
“ ceffary for men.” 
What a digreflion is here ! from a defeription of the An- 
tra of the jaw, to the founds of the voice in men, and the 
fenfe of fmelling in brutes ? What connexion, what ana- 
logy, what relation is there between thefe fubjeds and a de- 
feription of the human bones and the difeafes to which they 
are liable ? Many other places might be produced, where 
he rambles from his fubjed, without any proper or ufe- 
ful occafion, and jumbles together the Sceletons of Quadru- 
peds, Fowls,Fifties, Infeds, See. and then very gravely tells 
us, that if they had not All been contrived by nature, juft as 
they are, they would not have anfwered their feveral pur- 
pofes fo well. Is there a man living, who do’s not know 
that ? 
But to return to the Antra: He fays, “ Impofthumations 
5* fometimes happen in thefe cavities : the figns of this dif- 8 
Animadverfions on 
** eate are great pain about the part, matter in the no(c on 
“ the fide difeafed, {linking breath and rotten teeth. Mf. 
“ Cow per tirft defcribed this cafe, and the cure ; which is 
“ performed by drawing out the laft tooth but one, or two, 
“ or more, if rotten, (or not rotten) and through their 
“ fockets making a perforation into the Antrum ; or if 
“ drawing a tooth makes a perforation, which fomctimes 
“ happens, and perhaps gave the firft hint of this cure, then 
“ that opening rauft be enlarged, if it is not fufikicnt to 
“ difcharge the matter. 
Dr. Highmore* mentions a Lady, who after having a tooth 
drawn, took her filver bodkin and thruft it into the focket, 
the tooth was drawn from ; but was exceedingly frighted to 
find it pafs, as it did, almoft to her eyes: ihe afterwards took 
a feather, ftript off its plumes, and thruft it up an hand’s 
breadth, by which (imagining it had gone into her very 
brain ) Ibe was fo terrify’d, that flie ran immediately to con- 
fult the Dr. 8cc. 
Mr. Co wper himfelf fays, it was merely the ftrudlure of 
the parts which led him to this operation. 
Whence it Is evident, that the hole made by drawing of a 
tooth, gave no hint of this operation to Dr. Highmore,&c- 
and that Mr. Cowper did not take the hint from the draw- 
ing of a tooth, as Mr. Cheselden infinuates; hut 
from His thorough knowledge of the ftrudlure of the parts, 
and the ufe to be made of them in practice. 
Parag 9. « Maxilla inferior, is articulated with loofc 
“ cartilages to the temporal bones.” 
The Maxilla Inferior is not articulated 'to the Os Tempo-* 
ris with loofe cartilages, but with ftrong burfal ligaments, and 
two intervening cartilage,; as will appear to anyone who 
pleales to confult nature. 
* Difyuijitio Anatom, lib. 3. Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, &c. 
9 
“ Chapter III. 
44 Of the bones of the Trunk * 
He fpends near three pages in deferibing the mechanlfm 
of the Vertebrae mechanically ; the purport of all which, is, 
that if they had not been contrived juft as they are, they 
would not have been of fo much ufe as they are at prefent. 
A notable difeovery indeed ! 
Parag. n. “ In two children, which I have diflected, I 
“ found the ribs broke inwards, and on the outfide a very plain 
44 print of a thumb and fingers, which had been done by their 
44 nurfes hoifting them up on one hand, taking hold of their 
44 breafts, and being often repeated, had broke the ribs in- 
“ wards like a green ftick, without feparating the broken 
w ends of them. I have alfo very frequently Teen the fliape 
“ of childrens breafts quite fpoil’d by fuch tricks, which 
44 have occafioned weaknefs of body, crookednefs, and other 
44 difeafes.” 
This is a moft ufeful obfervation ; an obfervation of far 
more confequence to mankind than all the reft of the book ; 
an obfervation which fliews what a mean, defpicable, nay, 
contemptible figure, all his jargonico-mechanical reafonings 
on the ftiapes and mechanifm of the bones, or all the fpe- 
cious, fine-drawn, florid Theories and Hypothefes, which 
have hitherto been fpun, on digeftion, nutrition, 
mufcular motion, the animal {pints, &c. make, when com- 
pared with one good pradtical obfervation, the ufe of Which 
appears at fight to every reader, and the ufe of Thole to 
none but their hatchers. 
“ Chapter IV. 
“ Bones of the upper limb.” 
Parag. i. 44 Clavicula is connected at one end to the 
M Sternum with a loofe cartilage,” 
The Clavicula is attached to the Sternum, by a ftrong burial 
ligament, but is hindered from touching it by a thick glib 
intervening cartilage, as in the joints of the lower jaw. Whence 
it is evident, that the Clavicula is not connected to the Sternum 
by a loofc cartilage, but by a ftrong ligament. 10 
Animadverfions on 
“ And the other to the Proceffus Acromion of the Scapula.” 
But whether cottnedted alio by a loofe carrilage, lo> gitudi- 
nal or burial ligaments, the Herculean labourer fayeth not. 
« It*s chief ufe is to keep the Scapula a fufficient diftance 
from thebreaft, by which means thelhoulders are hindered 
“ from coming near together, as they do in thofe Quadru- 
“ peds, who ufe their lore Limbs only to walk on, and not 
“ as Men do their Hands.” 
The chief ufe of the Clavicula is undoubtedly to keep the 
Scapula at an equal and fufficient diftance from the Sternum, 
which contributes very much to the ftrength, beauty, and 
agility of the body. But when the Claviculae have been 
broke, they are feldom fo well reduced and kept in their 
places, but the ends ride a little when cured; whence the 
Scapula comes nearer the Sternum than before, by which 
means, the ftrength, beauty, and agility of the body are 
impaired. 
But who ever faw a quadruped who tiled it’s fore limbs 
Only to walk on 1 or, that walked Only on it’s fore limbs tG 
lave it’s hind limbs ? 
Who ever law a quadruped who ufed, or could ufe, it s 
fore limbs as men do their hands ? 
If our y g II s had given us the Sceletons of thcle 
two monfters, they would have pleafed more, than all the 
frightful creatures he has pick’d up, and at fo vaft and need- 
lefs an expence engrav’d. 
Parag. z. Scapula is fixed to the Sternum by the Clavicula.” 
I have already, pag. 9. proved that the Clavicula do’s not 
touch the Sternum at all; in what lenfe then can it be faid 
to fix the Scapula to the Sternum ? 
Might he not as well have faid, it fixed the Scapula to the 
Teeth ? 
Parag. laft. “ Carpus Is compofed of eight bones of very 
“ irregular forms, undoubtedly the propereft that can be; Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, &c. 
11 
M yet why in thefe forms, rather than any other, no one has 
“ been able to Ihew.” 
Here oqr author is forced to own, that his mechanicks are 
at a ftand: for he, nor no body elfe, can account for the me- 
chanical contrivance of the bones of the Carpus. A great 
conceflion indeed ! But who ever doubted that the forms of 
all the bones, as well as thofe of the Carpus, were the pro- 
pereft that can be ? Who, befides our author, ever pretended 
to account for nature’s particular views in making the bones of 
this or that form ? It is the bufinefs of an Anatomift, in my 
Opinion, to deferibe to his hearers or readers, what forms na- 
ture has given to the parts, which compofe the human body, 
and their obvious ules; but they who fuppofe Anatomifts can 
dive fo far into the fecrets of nature, as alfo to account for 
their being made of This or That figure, colour, fubftance,&c. 
rather than any other, muft be latisfied with very weak, idle, 
uncertain, nay often very impertinent conjectures, inftead 
of folid reafons and clear demonftrations. 
Cluicunque Vult • 
Si Populus Vult! 
“ Bones of the lower limb.” 
“ Chapter V. 
Parag. 2. “ Patella is feated at the fore part of the knee \ 
“ it?s firft appearance is in the center of the tendon, through 
which it foon extends, until the tendinous fibres are loft, 
“ and appear to be converted into bone ; however, when 
“ this bone is broke, the original tendinous fibres feem to 
prevail, feeing the broken parts, unlike all other bones 
“ when fraftured, unite with a tendon-like fubftance, which 
«* is rarely converted into a bone, and efpecially in thole 
“ cafes, where the joint recovers with moft motion ; it’s ulc 
“ is to lecure the extenfors of the Tibia, left palling over the 
“ joint, they might be too much expofed to external inju- 
“ ries; it allb encreafes the advantage of removing the com- 
“ mon Axis of the extenfors of the Tibia farther from the 
center of motion, and is a moft convenient medium for tho le 
•* raufcles to unite in, to perform one common aCtion.” Animadverfions on 
12 
Pray who can cure a fra&ure of the Patella the better for 
reading this jargonico-mechanical account of it ? 
The obfcrvations I have made on this paragraph are fo 
very long, that they would not fuit with the intended bre- 
vity of thefe remarks, but they, with many others, here 
omitted, ftiall be fully treated of in my own work.* 
Parag. 4. “ The Fibula being fo frnall, would have been 
“ net Itrong enough, if it had been made for more motion/’ 
If I had been to ufe thefe words, I fhould have faid. 
Would not have been ftrong enough : but if his way o* 
placing them is good Englifti, I’m fure it is bad Scotch. 
“ It would not have been ftrong enough, if it had been 
“ made for more motion.” But as it is made for no motion, 
it is full ftrong enough to anfwer all the ends it was made 
for. He might as well have faid, if it had been to fupport 
the whole weight of the body, as the Tibia does, it would 
not have been ftrong enough : Or, if it had been only to 
have fupported the weight of a pigeon, it would have been 
too ftrong. But there’s no end of If’s & And’s, why then 
won’t he be content with the parts as nature has made them 1 
Parag. 4. “ It is doubtful to me, whether or not this 
bone, contributes to the fupport of the body ? ” 
If any perfon I had no knowledge of, had aflerted this, I 
Jhould have concluded that he had never difledted the leg, 
nor ever feen a fracture of the Fibula, when the Tibia was 
whole. If he had difl'ected thofe parts, he muft have per- 
ceived that the thigh bone is fo far from bearing upon the 
Fibula, that it do’s not fo much as touch it; but bears wholly 
on the Tibia. 
And if he had ever feen the Fibula broke, and the Tibia 
whole, he might have perceived that the whoie weight of 
the body was fupported juft as before. 
* fid. PropofaJs, Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, &c. 
13 
How then is it pofllble for the Fibula to bear any part in 
fupporting the body ? Where is there any room for doubt- 
ing ’ 
But if he had been at the pains to turn back to his firft 
account of the bones publilhcd in 1715, he would have had 
his doubt folved ; for there, pag. 22. he fayeth, “ Fibula 
tl has no lhare in fupporting the body, &c.’’ In his lecond 
edition 1722, &c. he fays, “ The upper end of the Fibula 
“ is articulated to the outfide of the Tibia, an inch below 
“ it’s joint.” How then is it poffible for the thigh bone to 
bear upon’t ’ 
In pag. 7. I accufed him of reading no books on the bone* 
but his own ; but from thefe paflages I think it is evident, he 
reads his Own as little as other People’s works. 
c< Chapter VI. 
He has cram’d this chapter lb full of mechanicks, that 
there’s hardly room for any anatomy. 
Parag. 10. From the edge of the Ilium to that of the 
“ Os Pubis, runs a ligament which is contiguous to, and 
“ appears to be a part of the tendons of the mulcles of the) 
“ Abdomen; it’s ufe is to cover the iliack veflels as they de- 
“ fcend to the thigh : Under this ligament, together with 
the veflels, I have often fecn a rupture of matter, and, I 
“ think, fometimes of the gut, from the Abdomen into the 
“ anterior part of the thigh, immediately below the groin j 
“ however, I dare affirm this to be a poffible cafe." 
From the edge of the Ilium to that of the Os Pubis, 
** runs a ligament which is contiguous to, and appears to be 
“ a part of, the tendons of the mufcles of the Abdomen,” 
This is alfo called Ligamentum Paupertii, Fallopii, Hit 
& Pubis, &c. But Mr.CowPER, Heister, Morgagnius, 
&c. fay it is not a ligament, but only the tendinous border of 
the oblique mufcles; and Mr. Chese lden (to be fure tobe 
on the right fide) firft calls it a ligament, and then a tendon. 
But call it what you pleale, it certainly anfwers all the in- 
tents and purpofes of a ftrong ligament. 
“ Cartilages, Ligaments, &c.” 14 
Anlmadverfions on 
«» It’s ufe is to cover the iliack veftels as they deftend to 
“ the thigh.” 
Pray what occafion was there for a ligament feveral inches 
long to cover the Iliack Veftels, which all lie in lels than the 
fpace of one inch ? Where is the mechanical contrivance 
here ? But if Mr. Cheselden had fpent as much time in 
confidering the fituation and rnechanifm of this ligament, and 
the ftrong Fafcia which braces it down to the Thigh, &c. as 
he did in contemplating the unaccountable figures of the 
bones of the Carpus before mentioned, he would have dif- 
covered, that it was not only of ufe to cover the Iliack 
Veffels, but was alfo the greateft prefervative in nature againft 
both Inguinal and Femoral Hernia’s, 8cc. fuch troublclbme, 
tormenting, nay, dangerous difeafes. 
“ Under this ligament, I have often feen a rupture of 
*{ matter.” 
A Rupture of Matter! this I take to be a Rupture of Mr. 
Cheselden’s own invention : becaufe I never met with it 
amongft all the ridiculous Names of Hernia’s mentioned by 
Authors, e. g. Hernia Aquofa, Carnofa, Ventofa, Humo- 
ralis, &c. 
A few years ago I had a patient, who ftiew’d me a large 
tumour on the infide of his Thigh, about four inches be- 
low this ligament. X found matter fluctuate in it; but the 
largenefs of the fwelling, and the ftrong impulfe it made 
againft my hand, when I defired him to cough, made me 
fafpeCf, that the gut alfo made part of the tumour: 
therefore, next day I confulted the late Learned and Ex- 
perienced Surgeon Mr. Edward Green ; who after a very 
ftridt examination, could not clearly determine whether the 
gut was there or no. However, we again two days 
after, and opened it; upon which there iftfued above a, 
quart of laudable well-digefted Pus, and neither gut nor 
caul appeared, but an infathomable Sinus which ran under 
the forementioned ligament. 
Sfy<ere. Whether according to Mr. Green, 8cc. this 
dlfeafe ought to be called an Impofthumc, (which began Mr. Chefelden’s Bones &c. 
15 
within the cavity, and the matter afterwards infinuated itfelf 
under that ligament, and appeared on the fore part of the 
Thigh) or a Rupture of Matter, according to Mr. Che- 
SELDiU? 
“ And, I think* fometimes of the gut, from the Abdo- 
“ men into the fore part of the thigh, immediately below 
“ the groin ; however, 1 dare affirm this to be a poffible 
“ cafe.” 
So you fee Mr. Cheseiden fays, he thinks he has feen 
the gut pafs under this ligament, into the anterior part of 
the Thigh : but he’s not Cure of it, neverthelefs, he dares 
affirm ( a bold Briton indeed ! ) that tho’ he has never feen 
it, yet it is poffible fuch a cafe may happen. I profefs I have 
flich an opinion of Mr.Cheseiden, that if any perfon of 
the beft credit had told me he had heard him exprefs him- 
felf in the manner he has now given under his hand, I could 
not have believed it; efpecially fince this very cafe has been 
fo lately and fb fully treated of by Monfi Garengeot *, 
and the late learned Dr. Friend; f of both which accounts 
I fhall make a Ihort abftradt, and then leave the reader in a fit 
of amazement, that this mod remarkable cafe, which was 
the Topick of all difcourfe, feven or eight years before the 
publication of this great work, fhould never have been 
minded, or examined into by Mr. Cheselden. 
Pray was not this dangerous, this uncommon cafe, of much 
more conlequcnce to be enquired after, than the Sceletons of 
a Buck, or a Bear ; a Hog, or a Dog ; a Cat, or a Rat; a 
Sparrow, or a Bat, 8cc. 1 
Mr. Garengeot gives us feveral inftances, not only of 
this cafe, but of it’s being cured by the operation. 
Hift. t. “In May 1718. I faw a woman, on whom the 
“ operation had been made for a Femoral Hernia, by Mr. 
* ‘fraite des operations de Chirurgie} 1723, 
| Hijlory of Phyftckt 17x5. 16 
Animadverfions on 
«* Petit, and tho* advanced in years, Ihe was cured in 
“ eighteen days, without any accident." 
Hift. 2. “ A Button-maker’s Wife had carried about a 
“ Femoral Hernia, by the afliftance of a trufs, about (even 
“ years; but at laft, the Pad not prefling precifely on the 
“ opening, fuffered part of the gut to flip down ; after 
“ which Ihe was every now and then troubled with pains in 
“ her ftomach, vomitings, &c. In February 1728, 
“ the ftrangulation cncreafed fo confiderably, that fhe was 
“ taken all of a hidden with the Hick up, Vomiting, &c- 
** upon which He was Tent for to confult with three others, 
** who all concluded on the operation ; which He performed 
“ thus ; He made a large inciflon on the skin, then divided 
“ the Ugamentum Tranfverfum, or Paupertii, &c. and 
“ about two inches of the oblique and tranfverfe mufcles, 
** then endeavoured to replace the gut, but found it adhere 
“ fo clofe to the Iliack Veflels, by being fb long down &c, 
“ that he could not feparate them, without either opening 
“ the gut, or the artery : therefore was obliged to drefs her 
“ up, and Ihe dy’d next night." Yet notwithftandirg the 
bad fuccels, which was not his fault, you fee he gives a 
fair and honeft account of the cafe. Would to God! our 
Hofpital Surgeons, nay, and every Private Surgeon, were 
obliged by a law to give the publick a fair and juft account 
of all the operations they make, be the fuccefs good or bad. 
Hift- 3. “A woman about fixty four, had been troubled 
with a Femoral Hernia above twenty years, which fhe ufed 
“ to put up with her hands, and kept it fo with a trufs ; but 
“ at laft, neglefting one morning to put on her truis, fhe 
“ made a falfe ftep, or ftumbled, which made her Hernia 
*c burft out on a fudden : fhe fent immediately for a fur- 
“ geon, who endeavoured to replace it, but to no purpofe. 
“ He bled her, apply’d a pultife, &c. but thefe remedies 
“ having no effect, the Hick-up, and Vomiting fbon feix’d 
“ her, fo he was fent for again. Then, confidering her 
“ great age and violent fymptoms, he thought if he attempted 
“ to cut her, flie might die in his hands, therefore advifed 
“ them to let her die in peace. Then fhe was confefled, and 
?* exhorted to die quietly, neverthelefs, Ihe held out much Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, &c. 
17 
m the fame way, for eight or nine days, and then a friend 
** would have farther advice; and accordingly lent for Mr. 
<l Garengkot, who opened the Teguments as before, 
u then the Bag, which contain’d the Gut,(which, notwithftand- 
ing it had been down lb long, and made the poor wo- 
man fuffer €o much, appeared perfectly found) then he 
“ cut the ligament, and part of the mufcles, and the Gut 
u return’d, as it were, of itfelf; and the was cured in four 
6‘ months, and lived in perfect health Tome years afterwards.” 
He that hath Ears to hear, let him hear. 
He that hath Eyes to feet let him read. 
The late Eminent Dr.Freind,foon afterwards,treated this 
fabjed: very learnedly, but (as he himfelf fays of others*) 
“ without knowing much of the fubjett he wrote upon, or 
** indeed, of what he wrote upon the fubjeCt.” 
* u Accordingly all Anatomills, as well as Surgeons, 
“ have agreed, that in a Bubonocele the Gut comes down 
“ thro’ the Rings or Perforations of the Abdominal Mulcles. 
But tho’ no doubt this be often the cafe, yet perhaps, if 
we examine the matter a little more nicely, we fhall find, 
c‘ that the Gut may take another courfe, hitherto mobferv'd, to 
produce a Bubonocele.” 
Tho’ the generally received opinion of the Surgeons is not 
always true j yet, daily experience proves it is infallibly fo in 
the prefent cafe, wheie they agree, that in a Bubonecelc the 
Gut, See. comes down through the Rings or Perforations of 
the Abdominal Mufcles, and can come no other way, to pro- 
duce a Bubonocele. But without being over nice in our exa- 
mination, we may eaftly perceive that the Gut takes fre- 
quently another courfe, viz. fometimes through the Navel, 
fometirnes through other parts of the Abdomen, and fome- 
dmes it falls down upon the Thigh, as the Dr. would have 
it : but when it takes any of thele routs, it cannot form a 
Bubonocele, as the Dr. imagines, but an Umbilical, Ventral, 
«?r Femoral Hernia. Tho’ no man underftood the Greek 
language better than He, and no man fpent more time and 
labour in reading the ancient Greek writers of Surgery ; 
♦ Hijlory of Phyjick. 18 
Animadverfions on 
yet, it is evident from the foregoing paffage, that he was fb 
far from being matter of the fubject he undertook to write 
upon, that he even mifapprehends the meaning of the com- 
mon Term of Art he makes ufe of, viz. Bubonocele, (a Term 
every little barber in France under ftands) which, according 
to all the Greek writers, he ftudy’d, and recommended fo 
much, fignifies only, a preternatural Tumour in the Groin, 
formed by the defcent of the Inteftin, See. thro’ the Rings 
of the Abdominal Mufcles: as the very derivation of the 
word imports, viz. from fiuCav Ingucn, and KnKti Tumor, 
i. e. a tumour in the Groin. With what propriety then, can 
the Dr. call a tumour on the Thigh a Bubonocele ? 
“ * The cavity in the Thigh between the Mufcles Peftinseus 
“ and Sartorius, where the Crural Veflels defcend, is very 
“ remarkable: and the Tendons of the Abdominal Mufcles 
“ lie fo loofe, that there’s nothing but a little far, and fomc 
“ membranous Fibres, which feparate it from the Abdomen: 
<l fo that we fee, how eafy it is for the Peritonaeum to be 
“ forced down by any preflure, thro’ this interftice into 
«* the cavity we have defcribcd.” 
This paragraph ftiews, that the Dr. was a perfect ftranger 
to the real ftrudture of thefe parts, and builds only upon 
groundlefs fuppofitions. 
“ * And if we compare the accounts of thofe very authors, 
“ who think that a Bubonocele is always formed in the Pro~ 
“ cefles of the Peritonaeum, we fhall find them often agree 
“ to this place only.” 
It is not what Authors think, or are for, but what really 
is, that’s to be minded, for nature cannot be altered by what 
they think or are for ; e. g. AH Authors, except the Dr. 
are agreed, that a Bubonocele is always formed in the Pro- 
cefles that contain the fpermatick veflels, which is found by 
daily experience to be true ; but whether they proceed from 
the Peritonaeum as the Dr. aflerts, or not, is very little to the 
prefent purpofe. Yet the Dr. thinks, and endeavours by 
wrefting their meaning to make us think, that they have often 
deferibed His cavity on the Thigh (tho* there’s no fuch 
* Hifory of Phyjick, Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, &c. 
19 
cavity in nature) inftead of the Groin. But fuppofing His 
cavity to have a being, which it has not, a Femoral Hernia, 
and not a Bubonocele would be produced. 
He afterwards tortures and racks fome dark paffages in 
Celsus, Aqjapendente, and Hildanus, in order to 
bring them over to his fide, but without fuccels. Then he 
takes as much pains to darken the plain words of Barbette, 
who has defcrib’d the Hernia Femoralis, moft accurately : 
doubtlefs becaufe he takes away the Honour, the Dr. pre- 
tends to, of being the firft, who takes notice of this new 
Hernia. 
And Barbette feems to imply this way, tho’ he has 
exprels’d it with the fame obfcurity as other writers do, 
“ when he fays, Experimur etiam proceffum Peritonaei ita 
poflfe difrumpi, ut inteltina non in Scrotum, fed inter cu- 
“ tim & Mufculos, verfus femur, fefe urgeant. Where, 
“ by the words Proceffum Peritonaei, If he means the Pro- 
“ du&ions, which arife from the vaginal coat, we have 
“ feen that the Gut cannot get into the fttuation he de- 
“ fcribes.” 
In the preface to the reader, he fays, “ The Iheets, which 
“ treat of an Inguinal Hernia, were printed off, before I 
“ had feen Mr. Garengeot’s Surgery ; who is the only 
“ Author I know of, that has taken notice of a Crural Rup- 
“ ture: however, the fubftance of what is here laid upon 
“ that fubjeft, was explained in a publick auditory fourteen 
years ago.” 
Thus, by this fetch, fourteen years backwards, viz. in 1709, 
when he was le&urer at Surgeons Hall, or the College of 
Phyficians, he cuts off Mr. Garengeot’s title, to the 
difcovery of this new Hernia. But Barbette wrote long 
before the time the Dr. fetts; therefore, to cut off his title 
alfo, he endeavours to perfuade us, that he expreffes him- 
felf with great obfcurity, &c. When he fays, “ Barbette 
feems to imply this way.” He not only feems to imply this 
way, but actually does imply this way, and can imply no 
other; as will fully appear below. Anlmadverfions on 
20 
“ Tho* he has expreffed it with the fame obfctmty a* 
“ other authors do.” 
He is fo far, in my opinion, from being fo obfcure, as the 
authors before him, that he has given a fuller and clearer 
defeription of this difeafe in three lines, than the Dr. 
has done in twice three pages: nay, they can hardly be al- 
tered for the better. His words are. 
“ But we find by experience, that the proccfs of the Peri- 
“ torraeum, may be broke or dilated in fucb a manner, that 
“ the inteftines will not be forced down into the Scrotum> 
“ but between the mufcles and skin upon the Thigh.” 
But the Dr- to make nonfenfe of this excellent defeription* 
fays, * “ Where, by the wrords ProcdTum Peritonaei, if he 
“ means the productions which arife from the Vaginal Coat, 
“ the Gut cannot get into the fituation he deferibes.” 
What the Dr. means by the productions which arife from 
the Vaginal Coat (I profefs I don’t underftand) but it’s evi- 
dent, that Barbette does not mean the Natural Proceflex, 
which contain the fpermatick vcffels, but the Preternatural 
Procefs the Peritoneum always makes in Hernia’s of the Na- 
vel, fides of the Belly, or when they fall down upon the 
Thigh: and that thefe words the Dr. carps at, and would 
make a handle of, to deftroy the whole, are more proper to 
exprefs what the author defign’d, than any he could have 
put in their room : whence it is evident, that the Hernia Fe- 
moraliswas firft clearly deferibed by Barbette: and that 
Dr. Freind either did not, or would not underftand him. 
Then, after all this wrangling, he gives only one inftance of 
this cafe (tho’ you fee Mr. Garengeot has given feveral, 
both of the Cafe and Cure) viz. “ The late Mr. Serjeant 
“ Barnard was concerned in a cafe, where the Gut reach- 
5‘ edunder the skin down to the middle of the Thigh.” 
Pray did Mr. Serjeant Barnard call this cafe a 
Bubonocele? as the Dr. would have him, or did he call 
it a Femoral Hernia ? 
* Hljlory of Phyjick. Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, &c. 
21 
fray what did Mr. Serjeant Barnard, &c. do in 
this cafe? did they cure it radically (like Mr. Petit, and 
Mr. Gar engeot) by the operation, or palliatively by a 
tmfs ? A- Thefe are trifles, only fit for dull practitioners to 
enquire after, but below the dignity of the Medici Honorati 
& Nobiles! as Dr. Fre ind affeCts to call them. 
A little lower, he lays, “To form a right notion of the 
“ ftruCture of thefe parts, one ought to fee the curious pre- 
parations of that diligent and accurate Anatomift Dr. 
“ Douglas.” 
Had Dr. Freind view’d thefe truly excellent and match- 
less collection of usefull preparations with an eye of a 
practitioner, he never would have aflerted, that a Bubonocele 
and a Hernia Femoralis were fynonimous terms ; that there 
was naturally a remarkable cavity in the Thigh, between the 
PeCtinasus and Sartorius ; that there is nothing but a little fat, 
and fome membranous fibres, which feparate His imaginary 
cavity from the Abdomen ; that the Ligamentum Rotundum 
Uteri, is ftrongly inlerted into the Os Pubis; * &c. &c. 
But here I might be asked, how comes it, that the ancient 
Greek and Roman Phyficians wrote fo intelligeably, and 
pointedly on Surgery, and one of the top Modern phyfi- 
cians, fo indifferently ? A. The ancient phyficians practiced 
Surgery, (and efteemed it the Mod Honourable, as well as 
the Mod Ufeful part of their Profeflionj) but most of the 
Moderns only read Surgery : therefore, cannot poffibly un- 
derftand it, fo as to write pertinently about it, as is juftly 
obferved by the mod eminent of all the chirurgical writers# 
RoSSET,t“Ex MUTIS DUNTAXAT M A G I ST R IS, Ne M O 
“ Auriga, NaUta, Imperator, Chirurgus, Ora- 
“ TOR, aut deneque Artifex BONUS EVAsIt! 
ghtam quifque novit Artem 
* Hi (lory of Phyjick. 
•J' Nil majus generator ip/o 
Nec viget quicquam jjimik [ 22 
Animadvcrfions on 
“ Chapter. VII. 
“ Of difeafed bones.” 
Parag. 1. “It is not the defign of this chapter to enter 
“ minutely into all the difeafes of the bones mentioned by 
authors, but in a general manner lb far only as relates to 
their cure.” 
Mr. Cheselden is fo far from entering minutely, in this 
chapter, into all the difeafes of the bones, and what relates 
to their cure, that he mentions none but the Caries; which 
he fays, is fometimes cured by an exfoliation, fometimes by 
an Anchylolis, (adifeafe almoft as bad) and fometimes by no 
means, as in all thefe rotten bones he has made prints of. * 
Neverthelefs, in the laft line, except two, of this chap- 
ter, he fays, “ Thefe are the moll common difeafes of the 
‘‘ bones.” 
Sgutre. Are all the difeafes of the bones then to be re- 
duced to a Caries ? Are Fraftures, Luxations, Rickets, 
Nodes, &c. fuch minute and trifling difeafes, that they were 
not worth his mentioning, much lefs explaining, even in a 
general manner, what relates to their cure, as he promifes 
above, in a fet difeourfe on the difeafes of the bones ? and 
in fuch a large, pompous, and expenlive work ’ 
Sgutre. Would not His book have been vaftly more va- 
luable, if in this chapter, He had given us a Ihort and clear 
account, how to prevent the fhortening or riding of the 
Clavicula, Thigh, Neck of the Thigh-Bone, &c. when 
broke; the pain, fatigue and lamenefs, which too often at- 
tend, or follow the fraftures of the Patella, Os Calcis, Ole- 
cranon, Acromion, &c, the difficulties we often meet with, 
in reducing luxations, the deformity often caufed by the 
Rickers, 8cc. which have not hitherto been fufficiently ex- 
plained: for all which omiffions, he makes a very remarkable 
and uncommon excufe, viz.. “ Others (i. e. Other Difeafes) 
would have been treated of more largely in this chapter* 
** if there had been room.” 
Brevis effe Iahoroy Obfcurus fo ! Ho r. 
♦ tfab. 41. 4s. 46.47. 48,49. 51. 5i. 53. $4.5S Sec, Mr. Chefelderfs Bones, he. 
23 
Pray had the Stationer no more of the fame fort of paper ? 
or was he afraid the Hedge-Hog at the Tail of this Chapter, 
would not have had room to unfold himfelf, in cafe he had 
lengthened his difcourfe ? Was want of room ever before 
pleaded for curtailing a ufeful and inftruCtive Chapter ? 
In what fenfe then, pray • can this be called treating of 
the difeafes of the bones ? 
But upon the whole, I cannot hut remark, that it Is vaftly 
furprizing, that he could not be at the pains, to adorn fuch 
a magnificent work, with practical deductions from both 
the natural and preternatural ftruCfure of the bones; inftead 
of tranfcribing the Ihort and incorrect defcriptions, he had 
publilhed four times before in about two or three fheets of 
an oCfavo, with very little or no material alterations ? nay, 
there are feveral good things in them, which are left out, 
and others made worfe, in this expenfive Edition e. g. Edi- 
tion z. pag. zx. there’s a very remarkable cafe, viz. the ex- 
tirpation of a tumour from a woman’s cheek : Id. pag. 50. a 
remarkable Caries of the Os Calcis, See. and the cafe before 
mentioned pag. 5. of the fraCture in the girl’s fcull, is alter- 
ed very much for the worfe, &c. &c. And alfo, that (not- 
withllanding the beauty and largenefs of the characters, and 
the fhortnefs of the text) we fliould find feveral typographi- 
cal errors in it, (Faults which would have been eafily ex- 
cufed in any one, who did not aflume the honour of being a 
fecond Hercules *; ) e. g. chapter!, paragraph laft, for cal- 
lous, r. callus, chapter ii. paragraph vii. for upper jaw, r. lower 
jaw. chapter iii. paragraph 3. he fays, (“ fee chapter x.”) 
and yet there are but eight chapters in the book : Where 
then can we look for’t ? chapter v. paragraph 4. for, externa 
lancle, r, external ancle, chapter vii. paragraph 5. for, the 
lubricating, glands, r. lubricating glands, 8cc. &c. 
Some DoCfors have been fo blindly bigotted to Galen, 
&c. that they thought it more laudable to kill according 
to them, than to cure by any other method. But our author 
f Vid. Paragraph lafi. 24 
Animadverfioris oil 
differs fb far from thofe gentry, that he had rather err in his 
own way, than do right after others: for, ever fmce print- 
ing was invented, the moft judicious and learned men, have al- 
ways numbered the pages, or made ufe of catch-words, or both, 
whereby the readers may, with little trouble judge, whether 
their books are compleat, the fheets placed in their proper 
order, and they may be quoted afterwards with eafe and exaCt- 
nefs, &c. But tho’ our author could not rack his Genius fo 
much as to produce any better method; yet becaufe he would 
be particular even in doing -he fcratches them both out 
at once: tor which counter improvement he alledges, (as I 
have been informed) that they leffenM the beauty of a well 
printed page, (as Plis indifputably is.) But pray who will 
agree with him, that his fuppofed beauty is of more confe- 
quence, than thefe defeats \ Whereas, if he bad left out 
only the catch words, and numbered the pages, as ufual ; in 
my opinion, if would have been an addition to the beauty* 
without leffening the value of the work. But to leave them 
both out at once, for fuch a trifling rcafon— without putting 
us in a better method ! fmells, I think, more of L y, than 
of an H n labour. 
Having thus made a few fhort obfervations upon his text, 
I fhail next examine his account of the Prints, as alfo the 
Tables thcmfelves, with the fame impartiality and freedom. 
In his fpeech to the reader, he has given us a fhort account 
of the parts his Painter, Gravers, and He himfelf acted in 
this work, as follows : 
u To the Reader. 
Parag. 2. “ The firft drawing We made, was a front 
“ view of the fcull,” 
Mr. Cheskeden gave the fainter a fcull, and defired he 
would draw a front view of it, which he did accordingly. 
Then Mr. Che see den fat to a Painter for a fide view of his 
Face: and being asked afterwards, who painted that Picture ; 
for it is very well done, and very like. A-We painted it about 
a month ago in this very houfe. Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, &c. 
25 
£>u<ere. Whether Mr. Cheselden had the greateft 
hand in drawing the fcull, or in painting his picture 1 
Parag. z. “ In the fame attitude, with a moft excellent 
“ one in Ve s a l i u s., whofe figures were drawn and engraved 
“ by Giovanni Calker, as Gior gio Vasari informs us 
“ in his book of the lives of the Painters ; they are per- 
“ formed in fo exquifite a tafte that they have ufually been 
“ taken for Titians, and always confidered as a ftudy for 
Painters ( fo far juft, fair, and honourable ; but pray 
mark the winding up, the fting in the tail.) “ Yet it muft 
“ be confefled, that moft of them are far fhort of juft repre~ 
fi fontations of the things they were drawn after.” 
They are performed in fo exquifite a tafte that they have 
ufually been taken for Titian’s, and always confidered as 
a ftudy for Painters ■, yet moft of them arc far fhort of juft 
reprefentations of the things they were drawn from. Pray, 
is it poflible for both thefe aflertions to be true ? utrnm ho- 
rum ! Is it poflible, that unjuft reprefentations of things 
fhould, or fhould always be, confidered as a ftudy for Paiu- 
ters ’ Are Painters then to ftudy, or draw after, unjuft re- 
prelentations of things ? Is this the way to improve either 
their judgments or hands ? 
Parag. z. “ Then JVe proceeded to others, meafuring 
“ every part as exactly as we could,but Wefoon found it im- 
w poflible to execute the difficult parts of fuch a work in 
“ this way ; upon which I contrived (what I had long before 
“ meditated ) a convenient Camera oh/cura to draw in, with 
“ which Hre corrected fome of the few defigns already made, 
“ throwing away others, which IVe had before approved of. ” 
• ,! . 
Thus you fee, Mr. Cheselden conftantly talks of 
felf as a Paintert and an Engraver. Had the late Mr. Cow- 
per we’d it away after this manner, there would have 
been fome reafbn for’t ; becaufe every body knows He was a 
good draughtVman himfelf: but for Mr, Cheselden to 
do fo ! 
The reft of this paragraph is a fneer on the Painters and 26 
Animadverfions on 
Engravers, and an Encomium on himfelf, as being their Di- 
rector. 
Parag. 3. and 4. He has given us a very juft and perti- 
nent character of his two Engravers, but has not fo much 
as mentioned his Painter, who certainly deferved it as well; 
becaufe if he had not made good draughts firft, they could 
not have made fitch good prints afterwards. 
Suppofing any other perfon had a mind to employ the 
fame excellent hand, how could he find him out by Mr. 
Cheselden’s account of him ? 
Parag. 5. “ The actions of all the Sceletons both human 
ct and comparative, as well as the attitudes of every bone, 
*i were my own Choice : ” 
Who’s choice would he have them be ? don’t every one 
who employs a Painter, tell him whether he would have him 
paint a Bufto, a half length, or a whole length, or in what 
pofture he would choofe to be drawn ? does not every man, 
who has a Sign to be painted, do the fame ? 
Parag. 5. “ And where particular parts needed to be 
“ more diftinClly exprefl'ed on account of the Anatomy, 
<{ there I always diretfed; fometimes in the drawings with the 
“ pencil, and often with the needle upon the copper-plate, 
<( and where the Anatomift does not take this care, he will 
“ fcarce have His work well performed.” 
What an harangue is here, as if he had done fbmething 
extraordinary, which never was done before ! there I always 
direCled ! i. e. when he fet the fcull down before the Pain~ 
ter, he took his probe, and pointed out the Sutura Tranf- 
verfalis, Os Unguis, Septum Nafi, &c, and faid, befurc,Sir, 
to delineate thefe little parts fairly, &c. Did .not Biotoo 
do fo ? Did not Rtjisch do fb ? Did not Cowper do fb ? 
Have not all the Anaromifts upon earth done fo ? What then 
is there New in Mr. Cheselden’s method? But what 
pains lb ever Mr. Chese lde n may have taken in directing, 
6r correcting the pencil and needle, he has been fupiftely Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, &c. 
27 
negligent, in the lettering, and explanations of his plates, 
after they were done, as well as in the contrivance of many 
of them ; as will appear below. 
Parag. 5. “ The exprefling the fmoothnefs of the ends 
“ of the bones, by engraving only with Angle lines, while 
“ the other parts were all etched, was alfo my contriving 
This method, if there’s any thing very extraordinary in 
it, was Arft contrived by the Engraver of Dr. Bidloo’s Os 
Humeri (as was juftly obferved by Dr. Douglas, and com- 
municated to me before ever I was poflefled of Mr. Ghesel- 
mn’s bones) which was printed at Amjlerdam before Mr. 
Cheselden was born. Yet, I mull own, it has not been 
oblerved in any of the reft of the cartilages, as Mr.Che- 
selden has done through the whole. 
Parag. 5. ** And what advantage this has been to the 
“ w ork, will be Teen by comparing the frnooth part of the 
‘‘ Acetabulum of the Os Innominatum in the beginning of 
“ the book, w ith the heads and Pockets of other bones.” 
In the fecond table (if he means that, by the beginning 
of the book) fig. 4. letter B points that part of the Aceta- 
bulum, which is covered with a cartilage : yet it is per- 
formed only with Angle lines, as all the reft of the heads 
and lockets. To what purpofe then were we referred to it ? 
What can we learn by doing it ? A- Not the advantage that 
his fuppofed New contrivance, has been to this work, as he 
promifes. 
Parag. 6. “ This volume is made above twenty-per Cent. 
“ {which I always intended) better than the fublcription pro - 
“ pofals. There are no more printed in Englifh than three 
“ hundred, and one hundred prints are taken off dcAgned 
“ for a Latin or French edition, which being Anilhed, the 
“ plates lhall be deftroyed that the price of the book may 
“ never Ank in the poflefAon of the fubferibers.” 
This is a moft generous propofal ; 400 books at four 
guineas per book (iuppoAng they had all been fubferibed 
for) amounts to x6o© guineas; then, above twenty per Cent 28 
Animadverfions on 
being added to it's value, by the Author, amounts to about 2000 
guineas; whence it is evident, our Author muft have been about 
400 guineas out of pocket, befidcs fo many years Herculean 
labour, 
I’m now about taking In fubferiptions for a work of the 
fame kind : yet, I Diall think I do very juftly by the fub- 
Icribers ( provided I make it a Really ufeful, as well as a 
beautiful work, tho’ I get twenty-five per Cent, for my labour. 
Bur, I cannot imagine what could move a man to fet out with 
a view of being 400 guineas out of pocket ! except innate 
• y, and e. * What elfe could perfuade him, to 
give 400 men, who don’t want it, a guinea a head, befides 
his labour, for buying his book ? Yet (notwitbftanding all 
this profufion to mere ftrangers) 
— Inapt dare nolit arnica 
Frigus quo duramque fiamem depellere pofilt. H o R. 
I take this fcheme to be an inconteftable proof of the 
famous and learned Dr. Mandevixl’s do&rine, viz. That 
PRIVATE VICES ARE PUBLICK BENEFITS. 
Parag. laft. “ One hundred prints are taken off, defign’d 
u for a Latin or French edition.” 
If he is as long in tranflating this work into Latin or French, 
as he has been in tranflating his treatife on the High Ope- 
ration, which he alfo promt fed, we cannot expebt to fee it 
for ten years to come and if it is not better done than his 
tranflation of Rosset, from the Latin into Englilh, it will 
not be intelligible when finilhed. 
I- lhall next examine the prints themfelves in the fame or- 
der he has placed them. His firft three plates, viz. the Fron- 
tice-piece, Title, and. her Majefty’s Arms, are very much 
a propo’s, i. e. Ratable to fuch a grand defign, but the fourth, 
which is the Dedication, was, in my opinion, very ill chofen. 
What! prefent a Lady, nay, a Lady of the firft rank upon 
Earth,with a Charnel-House ; a fight enough to ftioct 
the hardieftof men, who are notufed to fee and handle them. 
rfhis was alfo my own contriving ! 
Here I directed ! 
* Inanis gloricU prxiiofus Emptor, Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, &c.' 
29 
His ten folio Frontice-pieces, ten Head-pieces, and ten 
Tail-pieces, are made up of the Sceletons of Bucks, Bears, 
Dogs, Fifties, Fowls, Cats, Rats, Lizards, Bats, and fuck fort 
of vermin, merely for ornament, not ufe; fome of which 
(allowing for the ufelefsnefs of the main defign) are not only 
well contrived, but alfo very well executed : e. g. the Fron- 
tice-piece to his preface, viz. the Sceleton of a Buck flopping 
ftiort and turning. The Tail-piece,viz. a Thornback. The 
Tail-piece, chapter i. viz. the horns of a Ram. The Head- 
piece, chapter iii. viz. a Crocodile, The Frontice-piece, chap- 
ter v. viz. an Oftrich. The Tail-piece, viz. a Swan. The 
Tail-piece, chapter viii. aFrog,8cc. 
Others are not only poor, mean Defigns, but alfo ve- 
ry ill executed fin companion with the reft;) e. g,. the 
Head-piece to his preface, viz. the Sceleton of a Dog as he 
lies afleep. In his Ipeech to the reader, he lays, “ The aCti- 
“ ons of all the Sceletons both human and comparative, were 
my own choice.” Pray, is there no pofture of a Dog more 
graceful, than when he is afleep 1 Would not the figure of 
a fine Greyhound bounding over the field, when eagerly ex- 
pecting his game, have made a more agreeable print, than a 
Cur-Dog afleep, which he has here reprefented. 
‘This pojlure was alfo my own choke f 
Here I direfled ! 
The Tail-piece to the introduction, a Crane. He fays. 
Their legs are made long to ftand in waters, and the 
“ whole Sceleton as light as may be, they having no great 
“ occafion for ftrength." Pray, have they no occafion for 
both better arms and more ftrength when they are attacked 
by birds of prey 1 
The Head-piece, chapter i. viz. the head of a Bull, the 
grinding teeth of an Elephant, and the head of a Sea-horfe. 
Cut hono ! The Frontice-piecc, chapter ii. leraps of the bones 
of Fifh from the Weft-Indies, See. a meaninglels figure. 
The Head-piece, chapter 2. viz. the Sceleton of a Cat, 
frighted at that of a Dog. Who ever heard of a Sceleton 30 
Animadverilotis on 
being frighted ? The Tail-,piece, chapter z. viz. a Lizard- 
TheFrontice+piece, &d chapter iv. viz. a Bear ; Head-piece, 
viz. a Rabbit ( Whether it did not come from the 
GoAliman warren) and Tail-piece a Mple. Moll noble and 
beautiful creatures ! Head-piece, chapter 5. a Sparrow, and 
a Bat j poor, poor, poor. Fronticc-piece, chapter vi. a Hog, 
Fit only for a Hog-Dodlor ! Head-piece of a Camdion; 
Tail-piece, a -Squirrel Frontice-piece, chapter vii. the 
head of a Cat, &c. Tail-piece, a Hedge-Hog, Frontice- 
piece, chapter viii. an Armadilla; Head-piece, a Weazel,and 
a Rat, 8cc. Whereas, if he had been as felicitous about 
making his work ufeful as pompous, i. e. all of a piece, both 
in contrivance and goodnefs of work, he might for the fame 
expence, have filled the places of thefe ufelefs monfters, with 
other partsof the human body, which would have been more 
beautiful, and Very inftru&ive; e. g. inftead of his-Buck, Dog 
couchant, and Thornback, ( Preface ) be might have given 
ns for a Frontice-piece, a fore view of the rmricles of the 
Human Body 5 for a Head-piece, a view of the mufdesof the 
arm ; for a Tail-piece, a view of the Diaphragma, 8cc. &c. 
The ten initial letters are exceedingly well done, in the 
laft of which he has the Scelcton of a Man and a Monkey, 
but gives the right hand to the Monkey. 
Ihis was alfo my contriving ! 
Here I directed ! 
His cuts of the Human Bones. confift of fifty-fix lettered, 
and fifty-fix unlettered folio prints. Whoever packed two 
fuch large (fetes of prints together, where there was fo little 
variation, viz/ only one fett,lettered, and the other not let* 
tcred ? Pray, does it anfwer any other end, than encreafing 
the charge of that already too expenfive work ? Is there any- 
thing material to be Teen in the unlettered prints, which may 
not'be obferved in the lettered prints ? efpecially if many of 
the letters had not been mifplaced, and others not explain- 
ed. Pray would it not have been much handfomcr (and 
could have coft but a very trifle more ) to have made alfi> 
two irapreffions of the little reading there is ? and then he 
might have given every fublcriba: two books. Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, 6cc. 
31 
Twenty-eight of them are well contrived, and the Defigns 
exceedingly well executed, by the DraughtVman and Gra- 
ver, yet our y■■■■-. g H -s, tho’ he had nothing to do 
after them, but to point out the places of the letters, and 
to explain them on the oppofite page, has made feveral mif- 
takes in this little and eafy task. 
Oh ! quantum mutatm ab illo. 
Tab. iii. Fig- I. Is a front view of the fcull, moft beau- 
tifully performed; yet, letter B, he fays, denotes, « The 
“ hole through which a nerve and an artery pafs to the fore- 
u head.” 
G, “ A hole through which a nerve and an artery pafs 
“ Secure to the face.” 
Pray do’s not the nerve and the artery letter B pafs as Se- 
curely through their bony channel to the forehead, as thole of 
letter G do to the face’ Why then fhould he put fuch an 
Emphafis on the fecufity of the paflage G. ’ But he has for- 
got to tell us how the vein fairs, which returns through each 
of thefe holes. 
D, Is twice placed upon the Sutura Tranfverfalis, tho’ 
there was room enough, and it would have looked much 
better, if it had been placed above it. 
H, “ Os Unguis, in which may be Teen the Dudtus ad 
“ Nafum.” • 
The Ductus ad Nafum, is well exprefs’d in the print, and 
ought to have been marked with another letter. But he 
fakes no notice of the Cribriform part of the Os Unguis, 
neither in his deferiptiori, explanation, or print, nor of the 
chirurgical operation often performed upon it, &c. 
S, “ Os. Jugale.” Is placed directly upon the Suture, 
flip’.it might have been more conveniently and properly pla- 
ced, either a little more forwards, backwards, or upwards. 
The other two figures on this plate, are alfb exceedingly 
well done; but I cannot fay fo much of the lettering and ex- 
planation, Animadverfions on 
32 
Fig. 5. He marks the Sutura Coronalis with three E’s, 
which is right, but then claps two more E’s upon the fron- 
tal Sinus’s ; yet takes no notice of thefe two letters, or of 
the frontal Sinus’s (the molt remarkable parts of the figure) 
in the explanation. 
Tab. iv. Is a fide view of the fcull beautifully finilhed. 
Fig. 1. He has placed the letters B D and F on the 
Sutures. 
L, “ Os Unguis.” Here again, the Duflas ad Nafum is 
fairly reprefented, but not lettered. 
Fig. 2. 4- and 5. Are good for nothing, but to fill up 
gaps. 
Fig. 5. Hedelineats the little bones of the Ear, but do’s 
not explain their number, names, fituatioir, &c. 
Fig. 6. Is exceedingly well done, but ill explained. 
Tab. v. The Balls of the fcull. 
The Olfa Palati, divifion of the upper jaw, Hole behind 
the Dentes , Incifivi, &c. are well exprds’d, but there are 
many other things in't, ill exprefs’d, ill marked, and poorly 
explained. 
Fig. 2. Seems to have been done by fome youngfter, on 
purpofc to try his hand. It is fad work I 
Tab. ix. Fig. 1. Is a beautiful figure of the lower jaw 
and teeth. But he has not marked the Chin, nor the Dentes 
Sapientix mentioned in his delcription. 
Fig. 6. Is of no ufe, tho’ tedioufly explained. 
Tab. x. Three beautiful figures of the Vertebrae of the 
Neck, Back, and Loins. 
Tab xi. A fine view of ten fingle Vertebrae, tho’ fewer 
would have Ihcwn all the variety in them. Mr. Ghefelden’s Bones, See. 
33 
Tab. xii. The Os Sacrum and Cocdgis are well reprefentcd. 
Tab. xiv. and xv. The ribs are well done, but all the 
Variety in them might have been exprefled in one plate. 
Tab. xvi. and xvii. The Sternum and its cartilages. Thcfc 
two plates, might alfo have been included in one. 
Tab. xviii. “ Os Innominatum (which he defcrlbcs thus, 
“ chapter 3. paragraph laft) is in young perfons com- 
“ pbfed of thred bones, the upper is named Ilium, the lower 
** and poflerior Os Ifchii, and the anterior Os Pubis ; the 
“ upper edge of the Ilium is called its Spine, the anterior 
*'■ part of the Spine its Apex, and a little lower is the Pro- 
“ ceflus Innominatus. Ilium ( Ifchium it Jhould le) has two 
“ precedes, the one named the Obtufc Procells, and the 
other the Acute ; 
Figs 1. K< The outward ( potius external) view of the 
“ OlTa Innominata. ( poiilis Os Innominatum. ) B. he calf, 
“ The obtule proeds of tlte Os Ilium.” But he fhould 
have called it the Proceffus Innominatus, mentioned in the 
defeription. F. he calls, “ The acute procefs of the Os 
Ilii.” inftead of the Os Ifchii. 
N. B. He has not lettered the Spine of the Ilium, nor its 
Apex, tho’ mentioned in his defeription, and well expreis’d 
in the figure. 
Fig. 2. The internal (which fhould have been inward, 
fince outward went before) view of the Olia Innominata 
(potius Os Innominatum.) 
C- “ A roiighnefs for the origin of ligaments and tendons.” 
This is hot mentioned in the defeription. 
Oh I the Herculean Labour ! 
Tab. xix. Is a moll beautiful, and coned: view of the 
Trunk. 
Tab. xx. A back view of the Trunk, boldly finifhed. 
Tab. xxi. Two exceeding fine views of the Spine. 34 
Animadverfions on 
Pray would not thefe two figures have been ftill more beau- 
tiful, if he had not Curheaded them, of the firft Vertebra j 
as well as Curtailed them of the Os Coccigis ? 
Tab. xxii. Two good views of the Scapula ; but there’s 
too much work on both, and he has mark’d the neck of the 
Scapula, on Fig. 2. which ought to have been done on Fig. 1. 
.Fig. 3. and 4. Two views of the Claviculx,but they don’t 
feem to be graved by the fame hand as the Scapula ; they 
have alfo too much work upon them ; and he has fpent eight 
lines in defcribing them, when three might have done. 
Tab. xxiii. Fig. 1. “ The forefide of the Os Humeri.” 
Fig, 2. ‘‘ The outfide of the Os Humeri.” 
Pray would not any genuine Succeflbr of the great Hercules 
have laid; forefide and backfide, infide and outfide, 8cc. 
In Fig. 1. He has not marked the roughnefs, which ap- 
pears in raoft bones, for the infertion of the Deltoides, either 
in the print or explanation. 
Tab. xxiv. The Ulna and Radius are exceedingly well- 
done. But in Fig. 2. he has graved the letters E and F on 
the plate, but has taken no notice of them in the expla- 
nation. 
Oh ! the monftrous labour of lettering thefe plates ! 
Who can go through fuch a task without Blundering ? 
xxv. Fig. z* “ That part of the Carpal Bones, 
“ which articulate with the Thumb and Fingers,” inftead of 
Thumb and Metacarpal Bones. 
Is it not impoffible for the Carpal Bones to touch the Fin- 
gers, as long as the Metacarpal Bones are in their places ? 
Tab. xxvii. Two fine views of the Os Fern oris. 
Fig. 1. Part of the Dent in the ball of the 
into which the Ligamentum Teres is inferred, is exprels’d Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, &c. 
35 
in the plate, but it is not lettered, nor mentioned in the ex- 
planation. 
Fig. 2. The fame Dent is drawn as big as the life, but 
not lettered. 
The little Trochanter is very ill exp refs’d. 
Fig. 5. “ A the forefide of the Patella ; B the lower ex- 
“ tremity of the Patella.” 
The Patella being almoft round, cannot be properly faid 
to have Extremities ; but what he calls the extremity of the 
Patella, others very properly call it’s Apex. 
“ By which it is fixed to the Tibia.” 
The Patella is fixed to no bone; the extenfors of the Leg 
are inferred into it’s Bafis, (whence he may as well fay, it is 
fixed to the Os Ilium, becaufe one of their heads rifes from 
the Obtufe Procefs of the Ilium) and the ligament which 
rifes from the Tibia, into it’s Apex. 
C “ The upper end,” ( alias Bafis) why not the upper 
extremity, as well as the lower extremity ? 
Fig. 4. A “ The Underfide (alias Backfide, fince he calls 
the other Forefide) of the Patella. 
Tab. 28. A beautiful view of the Tibia and Fibula. 
Fig. 1. E “ That end of the Tibia, which articulates 
♦* with the foot.” 
Fig. 2. H I “ The end of the Tibia, which receives 
the Aftragalus.” 
Utrum Horum ? 
Tab. xxix. The bones of the Foot are well exprefs’d. 
Tab. xxxiii. A fore view of the Sceleton. 
Tab. xxxvi. A fide view of the Sceleton. 
Tab. xxxvii. A back view of the Sceleton. 
Tab. xxxviii. Reprefcnts fcveral ligaments finely. 36 
Animadverfions on 
Fig. 2. 5. and 6. Are extremely well done and well de- 
fign’d, i. e. contriv’d ; but the other three are full of cou- 
fufion, 6cc. 
Tab. xxxix. Reprefents feveral ligaments rooft beautifully. 
Fig. I. C D The ligaments which go between the Os 
Ifchium and Sacrum are finely reprefented ; but their ufe is 
not fo much to join the Os Ifchium and Sacrum together, as 
he feems to fancy, but to fupport the Inteftinum Redtum, 
Uterus and Bladder, from falling between thefe bones, &c. 
Tab. xl. Is alfb a fine reprefentation of feveral liga- 
ments ; but in Fig. z. he has graved the letter E on the 
plate, but takes no notice of it in the explanation. 
Hercules like indeed ! 
Tab. xl Hi. He fays, “ Is part of a crooked Sceleton, dug 
“ out of a grave.” It is a very good print. But if Mr. 
Cheselden dug it out of a grave himfelf, or let any 
body elfe about it, he ought to have kept that part of the 
ftory to himfelf: becaufe People are too apt to fufped: and 
fiirmife fucli things, without being told them in fo pubiick 
a manner. Pray what is it to the reader, how he came by it ? 
Tab. xriv. Are two figures of the Trunk of a crooked 
Sceleton. 
Sfyure. Whether they were not alfo dug out of a grave ? 
But the other 28 plates feem rather to have encreafed th$ 
expence, than added any thing to the real value of the 
work, e. g. 
Tab. i. “ Half the Qs Fronts of an abortive Human 
“ Foetus, magnified about four times its natural Diameter.” 
£>u&re. Whether the leg of a Flea magnified to the big- 
nels of the large claw of an Hermaphrodite Lobfter, would 
not have been as curious and inftrudtive a fight ? 
But to fie ftiort, in my opinion, the 2d and 13th Tables 
are a difgrace to the reft. Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, See. 
37 
Tab. vi. Fig. i. The Lamdoidal and Sagittal Sutures 
one of the Ofla Wormiana are finely reprefented. All 
the reft of that large plate has neither beauty nor ufe. 
Tab. vii. Fig. x. All that’s ufefu| in this large figure, is 
the reprefentatlon of the Openings into the Frontal Sinus’s 
B B; the Crucial Spine of the Occiput R ; and the Medi- 
tullium all round the fcull, (but it is not lettered) in which 
he has made no diflindlion between the Temporal Bone, 
where the Meditullium never appears, and the reft. 
Fig. 2. He has given a good view of the Sinus Fronta- 
les B, and of the Septum Nafi, and Vomer N P as alfb of 
the Spine, which runs from the Crifta Galli up the middle 
of the Os Frontis ; yet he did not think it of confequence 
enough to be lettered (or to draw any practical inferences 
from it) as he has done the Splla Turcica, worth no mans 
knowing I 
Tab. viii. There’s a great deal of wrork in this plate, and 
it is very well finiftied ; but Cut bom ? 
Tab. xxxi. A “ The upper part not yet Oflyfied.” alias 
the Fpntanell. 
All the reft of this plate is very ordinary work in relpcft 
of the reft, and would be of no ufe, tho’ never fo well en- 
graved, the defign is fo trifling, e. g. Fig. 3. “ The lower 
“ part of the Os Occipitis feparated.” 
Fig. 4. “ The bones which compofe one Vertebra fe- 
** parated.” 
Fig. 5. “ The circular bone on which the Membrana 
“ Tympani is extended,”&c. Whatman befides,wouldhave 
been at fuch an expence, to grave Inch Baubles ? 
Tab. xxxii. xxxiv. and xxxv. are alfo front views of the 
Sceleton. 
Pray, was it not fuperfluous to make four front views, 
and but one fide, and one back view of the Sceleton ? 38 
Animadverfions on 
Tab. 41. 42. 46. 47. 48. 49. 51. 52. 53. 54. and 55. menr- 
tioned before, reprefent a parcel of rotten bones, and all in- 
curable cafes, not worth delineating. 
Tab. xlv. Fig. 1. u A diflocation of the Os Humeri 
“ from a fradture of the Acetabulum Scapulae, which being 
“ broke, the Os Humeri could not be retained in it*s place.’* 
This I take to be one of the oddefr, and moft infignifi- 
cant accounts of the diflocation of the Os Humeri that ever 
was written fince the days of Hypocrates. 
But he gives a much better account of this very cafe in 
three of his 8vo editions, tho’ he forgot it in this great vo- 
lume, viz. “ I have Teen a Scapula of a man which Dr. 
“ Dougla s difledted, in which the inllde of the Acerabu- 
“ lum Scapulas was broke all to pieces, and the Os Humeri 
“ difplaced ; which fradture, I believe, could not by any 
u means be certainly known while the man was living, or if 
“ it could have been known, could not have been cured. 
I fay this is a much better account of the cafe, than the 
former, yet is but a very lame one ; e g. He gives us no ac- 
count how this extraordinary accident happened, or could 
happen. Neither does he give us any account of any other 
accident, which happened upon this fradture, except the 
diflocation of the Os Humeri : And do’s not tell us, whether 
the parts were inflamed much, impofthumated, or mortified • 
nor how long the man lived afterwards. He alfo fays, he 
believes the fradture could not by any means be certainly 
known while the man was living. Why not ? Are not the 
pains upon handling the part, the fplinters of the bones, 
when broken all to pieces, and their crackling almoft as 
eafily perceived, in that part (where there is commonly fo 
thin a cover) as in almoft any other ? He alfo aflerts, that 
if it had been known, it could not have been cured. Why 
fo? Would not thefe bones, when Amply broke, after be- 
ing put into as eafy a pofture, as could he, united as fooa 
and as well as any other ? What fliould hinder them ’ 
Doubtlels the motion of the flioulder muft have been either 
much impared, or quite loft. But what’s that to the cur© 
of the fradture ? Mr. Chefelden’s Bones, &c. 
39 
Tab. xtviii. Fig. 3. “A (he calls) the infection of the 
« Patella.” Who ever before heard of the Patella’s being 
inferred into the Tibia ’ His letter A marks nothing, buc 
the anterior procefs of the Tibia from which, the Liga~ 
mentum Patellae, Tab. 40. Fig. 2. D arifes. May he not as 
well call the Obtufe Procefs of the Os Ilium, the origin ot 
the Patella ? Vid. Tab. 27. 
Tab. L. Fig. 5. “ The upper end of the Thigh-bone 
« fractured near the Joint (i.e. in the Neck) in which calc 
« the Limb always fhortens, and has ufually been miltakea 
“ for a Diflocatioru” 
This cafe is accurately delcribed by Dr. Douglas ill 
the Philofophical Tranfattions of the Royal Society, 1716. 
N°. 549. Which, if Mr. Che s el den had confulted, he 
might have given us a much more pertinent account of it. 
Buc fome people have fo good an opinion of themfelves, that 
they defpife all that’s done by others. 
g)uAre. Who can cure this extraordinary Difeale, the 
better for reading Mr. Chesei.den’s account of it ? No 
body. But, he would have explained the method of cure 
at large in his chapter of the Difeafes of the Bones, if he had 
had room ; therefore, &c. we muft expedt it in the fecond 
edition. But when that will come out, this Deponent fay- 
eth not 1 
Laftly, to Sum up all, to {hew a Cou de MaitreJ. e. 
that he is matter of more than ever before entered 
into the heart of man ; He makes his laft print a broken 
Obelisk *, and upon it’s bafe, the Sceleton of Hercules rett- 
ing from his labours. Alluding thereby to the greater and 
more laborious work, which he has now, after fo many years 
toil and fatigue, finilhed ; and the great pleafure and fatif- 
fadtion it muft be to him at laft to reft from his labours 
By this allufion, fome may perhaps be perfuaded, that the 
young Hercules (like the old one) performed all this work 
himfelf, i, e. that he out-run one of the noblcft Bucks in 
the King’s foreft, f catch’d him by the horns, threw him 
* Fid. chapter viii. paragraph lafl, 
f Fid. Plate v.  Animadverfions oil 
40 
on the ground, riped up his guts, hung him on his club, anti 
then flung him over his fhouldcr, as others do a hare, and fo 
carried him home, to be anatomized, to the admiration of eve- 
ry body. That he had taken a Bear by the tooth, run his 
hand down his throat, dragged out his heart, and tofs’d it 
to the dogs. That he had catched a Crocodile by the tail, 
fwang him round his head, and flung him from him like a 
cat-flick, and fo killed him by the fall, See. &c. Then flead 
them, picked their bones, dried and joined them together, 
with wires, made draughts from them, and then graved them 
on copper, 8cc. all with his own hands. Thefc indeed would 
have had the face of a Herculean labour ! But as this affair 
really ftands, all the part he acted in this great, this expen- 
five work, might have been done in feven days, without once 
fweating, as well as in almoft double the number of years; 
e. g. He took a parcel of dry bones, and fet them before a 
Painter, and he made a draught from them, then gave it to 
a Graver, and he graved it on copper. Then he tranferibed 
a fort of a defeription of them, moft of which he had pub- 
lillied feveral times before, and gave it a Printer to print, 
Thefe three different mailers indeed, performed each of them 
their part to admiration. But how defective He has been in 
His little part, the foregoing obfervations, I hope, have 
abundantly fhewn. 
Wherein then, is there the leajl Analogy, between the la- 
bours of the old and the young Hercules I 
Old Hercules, indeed, went to Hell, and came back again ; 
but if young Hercules fhould go there allb, he would find it 
a more difficult task to get back, than he could have had 
in publilhing ten volumes. 
Facilis defcenfus Averni, 
Sed revocare gradum ! 
FINIS. 41 
A Lift of Egotisms. 
V. NE view of fuch prints, 8cc. Pag. 3. 
2. The firft drawing fVe made, &c. — *4 
3. Then If'e proceeded to others, Szc. — . 25, 
4. But tVe foon found, See. — ■■■■- ibid. 
5. Upon which t contrived {what I had long before meditated ) 
a Camera Obfcuray Sac. ;— ibid 
6. With which Ue corrected, 8cc. ibid. 
7. Which We had before approved, ,&c. ibid. 
S. The aftions of all the Sceletons, 8cc. were my own 
Choke : -— *-— 2.6 
5. There I always direBed; Sac. ibid. 
10. Was alfo my contriving, Sac. , 27 
tl. This volume is made above twenty per Cent. { which I 
always intended) better than the fubfcripcion pro- 
pofals. — ibid. 
12. This volume was offered by fubfeription ( without fdi i- 
tations) at four guineas. . 2 
13. The laft plate reprefents a broken Obilisk, and upon 
its bate is the Sceleton of Hercules veiling fr„m his La- 
bears. Vid• Original, chap. viii. parag. lap. 
Deofcj’.ie przcetar, CP oref, 
Vt redeat mif&is} ahsat Fo r t u n a fnperhis. 
Ho RATIVF. 42 
POSTSCRIPT. 
I Cannot omit this opportunity, of making a few obler- 
vations ( which I had long before meditated * ) on the fol- 
lowing remarkable paflages, three times publifhed by Mr. 
Che sEt-DENjin his 8vo editions, f tho’ left out in this great 
volume. 
His words are thefe; “ At the farther end of the Me a- 
“ tus Auditorius lies the Drum, which is extended up- 
“ on a bony ridge, almoft circular. This membrane do’s not 
4‘ entirely clofe up the paflage, but has one fide a fmall Ape- 
“ ture covered with a Valve. I found it once half open in a 
“ man that I difleCted, who had not been deaf; and I have feen 
“ a man fmoke a whole pipe of tobacco out through his Ears, 
“ which muft go from the mouth, through the Euftachian 
<c Tube, and through the Tympanum; yet this man heard 
“ perfectly well. Thefe cafes occafioned me to break the Tym- 
“ panum in both Ears of a Dog, and it did not deltroy his 
*c hearing, but for fome time he received ftrong founds, with 
“ great horror. And that mod excellent Anatomift Mr. St. 
“ Andr£, to whom I am greatly obliged in this chapter, 
“ and whom I cvijh I had had the happinefs to have made ear- 
“ Her mention of in this treatifey has allured me, that a patient 
<l of his had the Tympanum deftroycd by an Ulcer, and the 
“ auditory bones call out without deftroying his hearing.” 
Thus you fee Mr. Che s el den affects, that the Mem- 
brana Tympani, never makes a compleat Septum or 
Partition, between the Me at us Audit or i us, and Barrel 
of the Ear. And brings two cafes to prove it. 
Case i. “ I found it once half open in a man that I dip- 
“ feCfed, who had not been deaf.” 
But what then ! can any reafonable man infer from this 
Tingle inftance, that it is a common cafe ’ Do’s one fwallow 
make a fummer ? Might he not have been very thick of 
hearing, tiro’ not quite deaf ? Might not the Drum of the 
other tide have been whole, and thereby the hearing of that 
fide as good as ever ? &c. 
Case z. “ I have feen a man fmoke a whole pipe of tobac- 
“ co out through his Ears, yet this man heard perfedly well.” 
Pray, was nor this alio a fwallow ’ Dr. He i st e r § fays, 
he has feen a man, who could let the fmoke of Tobacco pals 
* I’tac page z 5. 
■t Viz in 1722, 1726y and 1750. 
Up Chap, on the Ear. 
£ Compendium Anatomicum. POSTSCRIPT. 
43 
from his mouth out at his Ears, but then he was deaf: and 
therefore he fuppofes, both his Drums to be broke. But he 
could never find any one, who heard diftindtly, that could 
do it. 
The famous Dr. Ruysch, and Ra u, as well as He is ter, 
&c. declare, that they could never oblerve any fuch Aper- 
ture or Valve in the Membrana Tympani of human bodies, 
as Mr, Cheselden fays, He once found. 
Then he goes on, “ Thefe cafes occalioned me to break 
“ the Tympanum, (the Membrana Tympani ) in both Ears of 
fi a Dog, and it did not deftroy his hearing, but for fome 
,l time he received ftrong founds with great horror.” 
Pray, is there no difference between quite deftroying his 
hearing, and making him very deaf ? He do’s not aflert that he 
heard as well as ever, but that, for fome time, he received 
ftrong founds with great horror, but do’s not tell us, whether 
he could hear weak founds at all ? Would it not have been 
very much a propo's, if he had informed us how long he had 
kept or oblerved this Dog ? And whether afterwards he re- 
covered his hearing perfectly, or loft it altogether ? inftead 
of faying, for fome time : Who can tell what he means by 
feme time? But to put this matter out of all difpute, and to 
convince us that the Membrana Tympani, and the four little 
bones of the Ear, are of no ufe in hearing, he prefles us 
with the great authority of His Majesty’s Anatomift. 
“ And that moft excellent Anatomift, Mr. St. Andre, has 
“ allured me, that a patient of his had the Tympanum de- 
u ftroyed by an Ulcer, and the auditory bones call: out, with- 
“ out deftroying his hearing.” 
Pray, would it not have been a very pertinent queftion, for 
Mr. Chese lden, to have asked that Anatomift, before 
he publilhed this ftory, whether the Tympanum was de- 
ftroyed, and the bones caft out of both Ears: or out of one 
only ? if out of one Ear only, it is no wonder his hearing 
was not deftroyed, but if out of both Ears, I am afraid he 
heard only fronq founds, and thofe with irreat horror, like 
Mr. Chese lden’s Dog, or was quite deaf, like the perfon 
mentioned by the Experienced and judicious Dr. He i ste r j, 
whofe hearing w'as entirely loft, by the calling out of thofe 
Bones. 
Is it not very furprifing, that Mr. Che se eden fhould 
ever be prevailed upon to publilh fuch an improbable ftory 
at all ? much more to publilh it twice, after he had feen 
how his moft excellent Anatomift had been treated by Dr. 
"f Compendium Anatomicum. “ Mihi contra noitim ejft and.'t- 
“ turn lapfu horum ojftculontm omnino fublatum eJJ'ed’ POS TSCRI P T. 
44 
Ruvsch, for endeavouring to fob fitch a Miracle upon 
fome Dutch Gentlemen v ho vifited him. The ftory is as fol- 
lows : Some Dutch Gentlemen of the Faculty, being in Lon- 
don, about I 2 years ago, were carried to vifit our Anatomift., 
who (amongfl other really curious and ufeful preparations) 
fhewed them one preparation, which he called the Epidermis 
or Scarf skin injected, as fairly and fully as ever the Veflels of 
the Skin had been filled. But the Dutchmen were too well 
acquainted with thcle aftairs, to fhew the leaf! inclination to 
fwallow the bait greedily, and without any hesitation (as 
Mr. Cheselden did in the former cafe) that they only 
gave him the hearing civilly : But as foon as they returned to 
Holland, they gave an account of this pretended Miracle to 
Dr. Ru ysch, that famous Injedtor ; which fo irritated the 
old Man, tho’ then 85, that he foon afterwards publiftied a 
Jong account of it; of which the following is an abftradt in 
his own words, f 
Qudnam ergo me admiratbne affettum puias, quando audivi 
ejje Londini celehevrmmm Anafomes cultorem, SanSli Andrea no- 
mine, qui ajjernt non modo Verbis, fed & clara Ofentatione, de- 
mon fir are fi jacfet ; tot am Epidermidem Ha fe praparare, ut in- 
fniiis Vafis rubra materia injecld dijientis turgeat ita, ut vaf- 
cula ejufque canales uhique nudo appareant Oculo. EJl cene let 
in err ore ipfe hie egregius Artifex, aut alios fall acid quddam de- 
cipere go fit. Aenuijfmam enim cutis partem, aut alias qtiafdem 
tenues msmbranas, vafatlis vifhtlibus praditis, pro Epidermide, 
fallb ofendat. Si autem peritiffmus Hie Anatomicus, hac ita 
m on it us d me per publicum hoc feriptum, tamcn hac fun in 
jail ant id perfeverat, age, paralus fum pofto pignore decertare f, 
ilium in Epidermide Vafcula ilia non pojfe oftendere. Hge, 
fuhducat fe ceftamini, agifur de cute httmavd, agitur de Vert- 
tate. Hie Rhodus, hie Saltus ! lei convincat me, aut patiatur 
fuo fe hberari errore, & ahffat bonos decipere. Defnat igitur 
Rat avis Hofpitilus talia proponere, certe illis perfpicax ad hac 
Animus, funt f deles 0 uli, o5 in Cerebro falis quid. 
Did not this very fame Anatomift alfo, in the year 1726, 
give us an account, of his laying a woman of a litter of Rab- 
bits ? which drew alfo a very fevere Satire from that inge- 
nious Surgeon, and accurate Anatomift, the late Mr, Tho- 
mas Br ait hwaite, &c. 8cc. Who except Mr. Che- 
5. elde n (after two fuch inftances of Miracle-working) would 
have depended folely on his authority, in fuch extraordinary 
and incomprehenfible cafes ’ 
f Adverfar. Anatomico-Chiruvgic. dec as $tia 1725. 
| fhe IVager was 500 to one. POSTSCRIPT 
45 
Is it not as abfurd to fuppofe, that a man may hear well, 
after the principal organs of hearing are deftroyed, as to lup- 
pofe velfels may be injected, which nature has not formed ? 
Or that a woman may kitten Rabbits, or bring forth an 
Elephant 1 Utrum horum ! 
When the Folly or Fraud of the Rabbit-mongers was 
dilcovered, they immediately pulled in their horns, and 
cry’d, peccavin-iMs, ovate pro nobis. But Mr. Cheselden* 
conned leveral years upon the leffon his Anatomift had let 
him (and it is doubtful whether he has left it off yet, or not) 
nay, he carried the Jokefo tar (contrary to the joint opinion 
ot the fraternity, &c.) that nothing would ferve him, but 
a Man, to pfe as he had done the Dog before, accordingly 
he hired a telon to make the experiment upon, but good for- 
tune and a general outcry againft it, prevented his , 
delign, and laved both the fellow’s Hearing and Life. 
Quid digmim tanto feret hie promijfor hiaiu ! Hor 
“ And whom I with I had had the happinefs to havtf 
“ made earlier mention of in this chapter. 
If Mr. Cheselden had no greater obligation to his 
Anatomift, than putting it in his Head, that a man may 
hear as well, when the Drum and Small Bones of the Ear 
are deftroy?d, as before, I think he mentioned him full early 
enough. 
But pray, why did he not make up this loft happinefs, by 
.mentioning him earlier in the two next editions ? which he 
has not done, nay, he has left out this very, this raoft re- 
markable claule in both : Wherein then, can we fuppole, 
the loft happinefs he complained of, confifted ? 
N. B. I was advifed by a friend, before I drew up this 
Poftfcript, to get a Dog, and deftroy the Drums and Small 
Bones ot his Ears, according to Mr.Cheselden, and then 
five a particular and circumftantial account of the fuccels. 
told him, I would with all my heart, was I not convinced, 
I Ihould thereby expofe my own judgment, as much as the 
moft excellent Anatomift, and Sir D k did, when they 
were at the trouble to fet out' from London at four in the 
morning, to ride thirty miles, to fee a Woman Kitten Rab- 
bits. Muft he not be a very weak man, who cannot tell that 
a rope would choke him, or a ball knock his brains our, 
without making the experiment ? 
Non ego panels ojfendar macnlis. 
Hor, London, Feb. 16. 173 $. 
PROPOSALS 
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WHEREIN 
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of moft Confequence to be well underttood 
by Practitioners, will be fo diftindly defcribed, 
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the moft proper Methods of treating them will 
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By John Douglas Surgeon, F. R. S. 
Cogitat. 
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