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.HISTORY OF BASK HOSPITAL 186
(From September 10, 1918 to Hay 1, 1919.)

By Lieut. Col. Howard Fox, Medical Corpe.


      TABLE CF CdtfTflTS
PART  I
llllltl 52£I££I

Organisation of the Unit.
Getting Overseas.
Personnel and Assignments.
General Policy of Administration.
relations with the French.
distinguished Visitors.
General Coraroent.
8ohool.
Athletics and Recreation.
Mess.
Illustrations•
PART  II.
1121112L1 1121211

Jfedical Service.
Surgical Service.
Laboratory Service.
Ear, Nose and Throat Department.
E!ye Department.
Genito-Orlnary Department.
X-Ray Department.
Dental Department.
Sanitary Department.
Illustrations.
Appendix:- (Charts)
iffVZo 
 
1.
PART I —"flKTOSRAL HISTCRT
                      CRGASmTIOW   CF  THB  UNIT.

          Base Hospital 136, had its origin on September 10, 1918, at Camp
Greenleaf, Ga., when  two Jfcdical Officers, Captain Francis L.  Mgley, M. C.
Commanding, and Captain John S. Sprague, M. C,  nnd one hundred (100) enlisted
men were ordered to proceed to Camp feeler, Ga., for the purpose of organising
and eiuiping for overseas duty.  Casip Wheeler was reached on September 12, and
the task of organising was begun.   As the first  draft had been exhausted, and
the recruits from the second draft  were not yet  available, it was not until
after a delay of five weeks that It was possible to secure the additional wen
to complete the enlisted personnel. During this period the original one
hundred men, meetly raw recruits, were given daily drills, lectures on first
aid and instruction in gas defense. Forty men were also sent to the Camp
Hospital for a course of instruction.  While the unit was at Camp Wheeler,
four officers reported fw> duty, including 1st Lieut. Louis R. Hamill, 2nd
Lieut. George H. Lilliestrom, 2nd Lieut. Hugh S. JfeKeown, all of the Sanitary
Corps, and 2nd Lieut. Raymond S. Gyger,  of the  Quartermaster Corps.

          On October  14th one hundred Class B men were assigned to the unit and
on Oetol^r, 16th orders were received to proceed  to Camp Merritt, New Jersey.  On
that day^epideraic of  influenza appeared in the unit and within two days about
forty-two men had been sent as patients to the Canp Hospital.  The majority of
these were men who had been previously sent there for instruction.  Between
midnight of October l?th and seven  o'clock of the following morning forty-two
men were transferred  out of the organisation and forty-two others were trana-
for rod in to take their places.  Ch October 18th the unit left Camp 'heeler
for Camp Merritt, arriving there on October 20th.  During the journey influence
again appeared and by the time Camp Merritt was  reached ^thirty cases had
developed and were sent at once to  the Camp Hospital.  As the greater part of
the officer personnel had failed to report at the end of five days the unit
was ordered to Camp Upton, where It arrived on October 26th.

           While at Camp Upton fifty-two enlisted men from the Base Hospital
wore assigned to duty with Base Hospital 156, and when orders arrived on
November 14th to proceed to Hobokon the total of twenty-six officers had
reported for duty.  Cn Hovembcv9th  Lieut* Col. Howard Fox, '£. C, nho was
then stationed at the Base Hospital at Camp Upton was assigned to duty as
Commanding Officer.

                              QETTIBQ OVERSEAS

          The unit left Camp Upton  with one hundred  and ninety-six (196)
enlisted men on the morning of November 15th and embarked from Hew York City
on the afternoon of November 15th on the French  liner "La Franco" known as
transport N.Y. 468.   There were none but sanitary troopa aboard, among the
eleven hundred (1100) militrry passengers.  As the CoRaaandlng  Officer of
Base Hospital 136, was the senior of floor ho had the distinction of being 
 
2.
Commanding Officer of  all troops  on board.
                                  had been signed
          Although the  armistice/the ship was convoyed by destroyers at the
beginning and end of the journey, which proved  uneventful as well  as enjoyable.
          There was a remarkable absence of  illness, only seven cases being ad-
mitted to the 3ick bay, four minor ailments.  There were several distinguished
passengers on board including the French Ambassador to  -Trran, the President
of tho Polish Committee and Congressman Fuller of  Massachusetts.

          '■"e arrived at Brest on November  22,  1918, and marched without delay
to tho rest camp near Pontaneaon Barracks.  In spite of the unaccustomed raw
climate and continual rain^a most excellent  spirit of cheerfulness and co-
operation was manifested by all of the  offioors and men of the command.  No
one had to bo left behind  on account  of illness,   ^e remained at Brest for
one week and were then ordered to Vannes in  the Department of Morbihan whore
wo arrived on December 1,  1918.
Lieut. Col. Howard Fox, Medical Corps,
        Commanding Officer. 
 
3.
PERSONNEL AND ASSIGNMENTS
          The original roster of officers of Base Hospital 136, and their
assignments to duty is as follows:
Lieut. Colonel Howard Fox, M. C.       Commanding Officer.

                        Administrative *

Captain Francis L. Quigley, 21. C.      Adjutant
1st Lieut. Louis R. "ami 11, San Corpe  Mess Officer
2nd Lt. George H.Lilliestrom,San Corps Registrar
2nd Lt* Hugh S. MeKeown, San Corps     Msdloal Supply Offleer
2nd Lt. Raymond S. Gyger, QMC.         Quartermaster
Surgical Service:
Captain Francis R. Haussling, M. C.
Captain George R. Crltchlow, M# C.

Captain Harry Jackson, M. C.

Captain George A. Kllpatriek, ". C.

Captain James D. Sohmled, M. C.

Captain Lindsay Peters, M. C.

Captain George B. More land, M. C.

1st Lt. Sidney H. Streett, M. C.

1st Lt* Walter L. Jackson, M. C.

Captain Carl Boardman, M, C.
Captain George W. Bishop, M. C.
Captain John C. Copeland, M. C.
1st Lt. Lemuel B. Short, M. C.
1st Lt. Thedore Kolvoord,  '. C.
Chief of Surgical Service
Ward Surgeon Surgical Service and
Sanitary Inspector
 .ard Surgeon Surgical Service and
Assistant to Mass Officer
ward Surgeon Surgical Service and
Detachment Commander
fcard Surgeon Surgical Service,
Summary Court and Surveying Officer
Ward Surgeon Surgical Service and
Surgeon to the Detachment
^ard Surgeon Surgical Service and
Assistant Registrar
*ard Surgeon Surgical Service and
Fire Marshall
 ard Surgeon Surgical Service and
 ens or
Ophthalmologist
Brain Surgeon
Genito-Urinary Surgeon
Laryngologist
Roentgenologist
?/«dioal Service:
Captain Bark Millikln, M. C.
Captain John S. Sprague, M. C.
1st Lt. Martin H. Stein, M. C.
1st Lt. Harry D.  illiams, M. C.

                         Laboratory:

1st Lt. Fred C. Caldwell, M. C.
2nd Lt* Merle S. Nichols, San Corps
Chief of iiedioal Service
7ard Surgeon Medical Service
lard Surgeon Medloal Service
•?ard Surgeon Medical Servioe
Chief of Laboratory
Assistant to Chief of Laboratory and
Assistant to Medloal Supply Officer 
 
OFFICERS of BASE HOSPITAL 136
Upper row—Lts. Williams, Benedict, Kolvoord, Gyger, Loraas, Caldwell, Nichols,  Hamill,  Jackson,  Stoin,
MeKeown. Middle row—Lt. Black, Cart. Copeland, Lts. Short, Streett, Capts. Jackson,  Boardman.  Lts.
Simmons, Fortin, Amick. Lower row—Capts. Sprague, Quigley, Sallander, Lt. Col. Fox,  Capts.  Peters,
Critchlow, Schmied and Haussling. 
 
5.
          Some of the officers have continued to hold up to the present,
the positions assigned on our arrival at Vannes.  These include Captain
Haussling, Chief of Surgical Service, Captain Critchlow, Sanitary Inspector,
1st Lt. Hamill,  Jess Officer, 2nd Lt. Lllliestrom, Registrar, 2nd Lt. MeKeown,
Uedioal Supply Officer, and 2nd  Lt. Gyger, Quartermaster.  Captain Quigley
was relieved from duty as Adjutant on February 10, 1919 and appointed Chief
of Medioal Service vice Captain  Mllllkin relieved.  Lieut. MeKeown was then
appointed Adjutant and retained  this position until April 22, 1919 when he
was relieved by 1st Lt. Carr who is at pr999fit Adjutant.

          On December 17, 1918,  thirty females nurses in charge of Virginia
P. KcFarland, acting chief nurse, reported for duty.  On December 26, 1918,
Lieut* Harry J. Fortin, M. C. and Lieut. John J. Ogden, D. C. reported for
duty as Orthopedic and Dental Surgeon respectively and on January 6, 1919,
Lieut, waif red Lindstrora was assigned as Chaplain.

          On January 18, 1919, Base Hos ital 236, stationed at Carnac and
 ulberon, forming a part of the  Hospital Cantor at Vannes. ceased to exist
and became part of Base Hospital 136.  Eighteen officers and one hundred
and sixty-nine men end eight nurses were then treneferred.  The history
of Base Hospital 236 has previously been written.  The officers trans-
ferred were as follows:

                   Butler, William K.        Lieut. Colonel, M.C.
                   Brown, N. Worth           Captain* M.C.
                   Sallander, Frederick W,   Captain, M.C.
                   Alexander, Robert J.      1st Lieut. M.C.
                   Allen,  "lies  H.           1st Lieut. M.C.
                   Amick, Charles L*         1st Lieut. M.C.
                   Byler, Charles B.         1st Lieut. M.C.
                   Carr, James C.           1st Lieut. M.C.
                   Lamas, James  A.           1st Lieut*M. C.
                   Stevens, Jamie D*         1st Liout. M.C.
                   Benedict, Benjamin        1st Lieut. D.C.
                   Simons, Joseph £•        1st Lieut* San Corps,
                   Boone, Jonas  S.           1st Limit. QMC.
                   Black, Benjamin F*        1st Lieut. Chaplain,
                    ?illson, Jack S.          2nd Lieut. San Corps,
                   Williams, Forrest B.      2nd Lieut. QMC*
                   Coughlin, William A.      2nd Lieut. QMC.
                   Pluramer, Charles B.       2nd Lieut. MPC.

           From  January  18th to  February  16th, 1919, the hospital at Carnac
was operated as  an annex to Base Hospital 136 at Vannes, and naa utilised
oepeoially for convalescent patients.  Of the former personnel of Base Hospital
236  Lieut. Colonel Buter was soon returned to the  United States.  Captain
Brown remained in charge of the  Carnac annex.  Captain Sallander later served
as Ophthalmologist, Lieut. Alexander as Genito-tJrinary Surgeon, Uout. Carr
as Adjutant, Lieut. Black  as Chaplain, Lieut. Simmons as Assistant Athletle
Officer.  Licuts. Beene and Coughlin were transferred to the Hospital Center
at Vannes, Lieuts. Byler and Williams were left at  Carnac in charge of
property*

          Two officers and three enlisted men received orders to report  for
university courses, including Captain  Mllllkin  and  Lieut. Willson^ The
former having recently been returned to the United  States. 
 
*
6.
On January 28th, 1919, Major Albert Butler,  J. C. reported for duty but only
remained for one month with the unit.   ith the exception of Major Butler and
the Comanding Officers of Base Hospital 236 and Base Hospital 136, there have
never been any field officers assigned to duty with our organ ination.

          The Dental Service was taken charge of by Lieut. Benedict after
the departure of Ueut. Qgdon.  On March 29, 1919, Captain Holland Gile, D.C.
reported for duty and became Chief of the Service, Lieut. Benedict acting as
assistant.  Another Dental Officer Lieut. Maxson was also on duty with this
unit for a period of twelve day* beginning March 24, 1919.

           The following named officers were lstfer relieved from duty with
this organisation on the following dates:- Captain Bishop, January 21, 1919,
Lieuts. Plummer, Beane, and Coughlin February 5, 1919, Lieut. Col. Butler and
Lieut. Ogdon, February 12, 1919, Chaplain Undetrom, February 15, 1919, Captain
Brown, February 19, 1919, Jfojor Butler, February 20, 1919, Lieut. Stevens,
February 24, 1919, Captain Xilpatrlek, February 26, 1919, Captain Moreland,
Maroh 8, 1919, Captain Copeland, March 17, 1919, Captains Peters and Boardman,
March 26, 1919, Captain Jackson, April 18, 1919, Captain Mllllkin, April 30,
1919*
NURSES OF BASE HOSPITAL 136. 
 
7.
OEMjTIAL POLICY OF ADMINS THAT I ON.
           It has been our  constant  aim to maintain efficiency and discipline
withoje* the least amount of friction in the  organization,  nth this end in
view the men in charge of  various departments  have been given the fullest
amount of  independence In  their  internal administration.  «e have tried to
impress upon the personnel as well  as patients that a strict military bear-
ing was aa desirable  in a  Baae Hospital as  in  a line organisation.  A course
of lectures on military subjects w*s given by  tho Commanding Officer and
leotures on first aid, etc., were also given the enlisted men.  In addition
to frequent platoon drill  (Sanitary Formation) we had the opportunity of
haying battalion review and parade  when three  other units wore stationed
here temporarily.   The Commanding Officer of Base Hospital 136, acted as
Battalion  Commander,  the reviewing  officer being Colonel Robert ?'• Blanchard,
M. C. tho  Commanding  Officer of  the Hospital Center.

           Every effort has been  made to improve the general sp4r4t and
interact in the unit*  A special insigna for private use has" been adopted
by the officers for baggage, stationery, etc., (see lllustration-frontespiece).

           After the regular Hospital work began to slacken, special attention
was given  to all kinds of  athletics and recreation.  Both the Detachment
Commamler, 2nd Lieut. Merle S. Nichols, and  the Athletic Officer, 1st Lieut.
Fred C. Caldwell, M.  C. and 1st  Lieut. Joseph  B. Simmons, haw been untiring
in their efforts to look after the  interests of the enlia ted men.  Needless
to say the interests  of the nurses  have not  been forgotten, either by the
officers of this unit or tho line officers from neighboring oamp&
RELATIONS WITH THE FRENCH.
          There  has  been an astonishing lack of  friction between the Amerioan
and French soldiers  stationed  in or  near Vannes.  The soldiers of both nations
have not fraternised,  it is true, but  on the other hand  with one or two
exceptions there haw been no disturbances whatever between  our own soldiers
and those of  our ally.   An unusual display  of hospitality hr-s been shown our
officers by the  best families  of this  interesting and picturesque little city.
This has given the officers who cared to lesrn French an opportunity to do eo
and form opinions as to the custom^and opinion^ of educated  and cultured
French people.

                             DISTIl»flISH8D VISITORS:
                             II  I I I H l«WM—......MM—M—M—■.
           On I ebruary 26,  1919, we were  greatly honored by a visit  from the
Commander-in-chief.   The entire organltation^together with many casual  nurses
who were hero,  stood  in formation upon hie  arrival.   Accompanying him on his
inspection of the  hospital, was General  Dubois, tho  French Commander of the
local regional  artillery*  General Ferahing inspected the  greater part  of
the hospital, talking with many of the patients, and remaining  with us  for
about two  hours. 
 
8.
          A thorough  inspection  of the hospital was nade  on February 6, 1919,
by Lieut. Colonel Robert  C.  McDonald, '!.  C,  and  another  inspection was sub-
sequently by  Lieut. Colonel  James C.  '-*.g*o,  '»'. C.   Oth t  official visits
were made by  Lieut. Colonel  Burton J. Lee, M. C,  and ilajor Charles G. Mixter,
M. C, as Surgioal Consultants,  &jor Jacques, M.  C, as  X-Ray  Consultant,
Liajor n. ~. Orr  and Captain  L. C. Abbott  as  Orthopedic  Consultants.  Among
the Trench visitors to the hospital should be mentioned *;. Ouillemaut,
the Prefer  of Morbihan*
G?NSSAL CCLIENT.
          Previous to the arrival of the first convoy of patients on December
17, 1918, we were busily engaged in trying to render a French Caserne as suit-
able^as possible for hospital purposes.  An account of our efforts to accomp-
liahis given in some detail in the subsequent parte of this history, especially
in t*ne report of the Sanitary Inspector.  Needless to say we have profited by
bhe kindly advice of the Commanding Officer of this Center, Colonel Robert M.
Blanchard, M. C, who has always been ready to aid us in every way and five
us the benefit of his experience.  The high water mark of our activities was
reached on February 6,  1919, when there were 1214 patients in the Hospital
proper at Vannes, or 1568 including the annex at Carnac.  At that time Base
Hospital 136, had a total of forty-four of floors, ninety-two nurses and a
Detachment of three hundred and eight men.
 
a 
9.
                        SCHOOL

         ( In charge of Capt. George A. mpa;riok.  I.e.from January 20, 1919
         ( to February 26, 1919.
         ( In charge of 1st Lieut. Benjamin F. Black, Chaplain, from March 8,
         ( 1919 to May 1, 1919.

        Efforts have been made to give instruction, to members of the Detach-
ment whose previous education had  been more cr loss neglected.  On January
20, 1919, Captain George A. Kilpafcrick, ::.C. was appointed School Officer. With
the assistant?*of Corporal John R. Hall, who had previously been a school teaeher,
a school for the instruction in the coraaon branches of English was established.
Records of this work are unfortunately not availabl.3 as both the officer and his
assistant w*re relieved froia fluty with the Unit before this hist>ory was begun.

        On April 9, 1919, an educational survey of the Detachment was made
by Chaplain B enjariin F. Black, who has since conducted a school with the assis-
tance of Sgt Henry G. Town.  The survey of men showed the fallowing results

      12 men have had
       4  "   "   "
       *>  »   »    n
       1  w   w    "
       n  II   It    ft
TotarST"

        Tronty of those men voluntarily signed for olass work.  A large room
was equipped for school purposes with tables, benches and black boaros ob-
tained from Oamp Meucon.  The course of instruction includes, writing, arith-
metic, spelling, English, geography andhlstory.  It is also the Intention of
the School Officer in tho hear future to have sons personally conducted
visits to the Druid Stones at Carnao and tho Aroheologloal Museums at Vannes
and Carnao.
only three years of coomon school
 "   two     •        •      «
"   one     "        w      «
    two
    one
w   one half "       *      "
    none             "      "
SCHOOL 
 
1C.
                           ATHLBTIC8 ASTO RBCRSATIOK

            ( In oharge of 1st Lieut. Fred C. Caldwell,  V\,Athletic
            ( Offioer and 1st Lieut. Joseph E. Sinnons, Sanitary
            ( Corps, Assistant.

       1st Lieut. Fred C. Caldwell, li.C* reports as follows:
       "The Athletic Offioer for Base Hospital 136 was appointed December 17,
1918, but participation in athletic events was not possible at that time
beouase of the inclemency of the weather, lack of sp oe indoors and lack of
equipment.  Another factor of Importance was that the daylight hours of the
men wore completely occupied in preparation of the barracks for hospital
purposes.  To give the men recreation and to allow them to see a little of
the surrounding country, trips were planned to nearby points of Interest.
On January 12, 1919, forty men visited the "Calvaire" at ?ontohateau. Two
weeks later, forty other men visited the same place.  On February 9th,
forty men were taken to Carnac to view the Druid Menhirs, Dolmens and tumftli.
After an excellent lunch at the Hospital in the Grand Hotel, the nan epest
an hour on the beaoh before the return trip, which was made through LaTrlnlte
and Loomariaquer.  On April 20th, about seventy men were taken in trucks to the
ruins of the Chateau Susoinlo.

       On pleasant afternoons, hikes have been taken to places nearer the
Hospital. The first one had as an objective the town of Sene on the Gulf of
Morbihan.  Tlie second took the men to the Isle do Conleau, a picturesque
summer resort about two and one half miles from Vannes.  The third hike
gave the men an opportunity to seo the little  village of St. Ave and three
beautiful nearby ohateaux.

       On February 19th an impromptu basket ball team from the Hospital played
against a team from the Motor Transport Corpe of Camp Iieuoon.  Ho lost by a
score of four to two.  Two weeks later we played the same organisation and
won by a eoore of 14 to 2, in the first half. The second half was forfeited
by the E.T.J. Team.  On !laroh 12th, representatives of the various teams
of LSeueon formed a schedule of basket ball games.  We were included in the
schedule.  Lieut. Siinmons ooaohed the basket ball team which had the following
line-upt
              Smalley, Charles C, Sgt*         Left forward
              Murphy, Thomas H.,   Pvt          Left guard
              Sutton, Jesse !..     rvt l/o      Center
              Ferry* Deifiht W.     Pvt          Right guard
              Rawlins, James A     TVt          Right forward
              Chadwiok, George A   Cpl          Substitute
              Dowling, Charles J   Pvt l/c      Substitute
              Parks, Thomas F      Pvt          Substitute 
 
      The team finlahed the schedule without a single defeat. The scores
were as follows:
                 Base Hospital  136...14    M.T.C....2
                 Base Hospital  136...19    0.;t.C...15
                 Base Hospital  156...25    M.T.C....6
                 Base Hospital  136...14    18th L.D.13
                 Base Hospital  136...33    M.T.C....8
                 E so Hospital  136...17    Q.M.C...10
                 Base hospital  136.••.2    C.E......0

      At present the base ball  season  is opening. We have played four games
with teams from Meuoon, and have won two and lost tew. The rivalry between
the Officers1 team and the enlisted men's team has been keen.  In five games,
the enlisted men have won three, arid the officers two, but in one of these
the officers had some enlisted  assistance. We have also beaten a team of the
Military Police*

       V*e now have an athletic  office  on the second floor of *B" Building.
Any one may go there and secure whatever he wishes in the way of athletic
equipment, the only condition is that  he sign a receipt 0n which he promises
to return the material the same day.   An athletlo room has been fitted up on
the third floor of "B* Building*   Here nen may ro to wrestle, box, play with
the medicine ball, pitch quoits, or exercise on the trapese.  Hatches between
men of the same weights will  be arranged as soon as possible.  The athletlo
room has become very popular  between the hours of noon and nine r..:.  During
these hours an enlisted man is  there on duty to look after to equipment.

       One of our  earliest and  most difficult problems w^s to secure athletlo
equipment.  We have finally collected  a fairly good surely from various sources,
including the Y.M.C.A., Red Cross, Casual Units and the Base Section Athletlo
Offioer.  Some idea of the Interest In athletics  amy be gained from the fol-
lowing number of requests for athletlo equipment; Baseballs 409, gloves 943,
bats 148, footballe, 171, basketballs  25, volley balls 8.

       We have outdoor volley ball and basket ball courts fc> th* men, but that
space 4s now to be used for a tennis court*  Uedioine balls and boxing gloves
have been busy alaost continuously.  There have been numeroua requests for
miscellaneous material*  Bvsry  effort  has been made to push those forms of
athletics which would Intorest  the greatest number of men.

       The staff has grown from one officer to two officers, one sergeant and
two privates let class, and includes:

        1st Lieut* Fred C. Caldwell, M.C, Athletic Of floor.
        1st Lieut. Joseph 5.  Simoons,  Sanitary Corps, Asst Athletlo Offioer.
        3gt* Charles 0. Sm&Xley, N.u.O. in charge of athletics*
        pvt l/c Eugene H. Rook, Office.
        pvt Elsie  Hamm, Athletlo Room. 
 
12.
w*
a k*^*
CORE1.
fDSP 17. QM.[ 10
HDSP 2. CE
BASKET BALL TEAM
/gr-.
ittiiJ

vVi *
*S^
GYMNASIUM 
 
13,
e   •  _i     ■  I*  I 1  t
-THE NATIONAL GAlffi
BASE    BALL
TO-DAY
o
POSTER MADE BY ONE OF  THE NURSES. 
 
14.
               MESS

Hospital Mess in charge of 1st Lieut. Louis R. Hamill, San. Corps.
Offioers* Mess in charge of Captain Barry Jackson, #.%
      HOSPITAL 1ESS:—la conducting a mess which wes considered most satis-
factory to both patients and members of the retaohment, various obstacles were
encountered by the i&aa Offioer.  Tlhen we faret arrived it was impossible to
buy food of any kind from the French, except oarrots.  These it may be added
were not greatly relished by the men.  Potatoes that vere issued were French
potatoes, snail and mea^y and not suitable for cooking in their jackets. A
fair grade of French cabbage was lat r obtained in large quantities* Bread was
brought from C*hd Meueon, a distance of seven miles and during the rainy season
of Brittany it w&3 not easy to keep it dry in transit. Bo fresh milk me obtain-
able and at firet only half of the candy allomnoe.  T'.ere was, however, never
any lack of araoking tobaeoo.

      The French ranges that were in the kitchen on our arrival wet?e not suit-
able for American methods of cooking, as they contained no ovens,  They were
all replaced as soon aa possible by American ranges*   Stables vera utilised
for mess halls where the cafeteria system was followed, the carpenters being
kept very busy at first in building the neoessary tables and benches.

      Prices of many articles of food were raised upon the arrival of the
Amerioans, but were promptly regulator by the Prefet*  A nere mention of the
word Pr^fet was feequently all that was neoessary to omiee some of the over
ambitious food handlers to lower an excessive price to the one prescribed by
regulations.

      It was found most satisfactory to deal dirccMy with tho farmers, as the
Britany peasants were uniformly honest and obliging.  u»ny of them said they
had been told by their priests to treat the Amerioans with every consideration
and aid them in every possible way.

      A number of French and Belgian refugee women were employed in the
kitchen as soullery E»ids, etc.   Moat of them spoke English, as a rule with a
decided cockney aoeent.  They never failed te have good appetites and appeared
to greatly enooy && Amerioan Army raiiou. Under rather trying conditions they
behaved unusually t»11 and seemed to be women of excellent character.

      OFFICERS1 MESS t—The general pita of management of the Officers' Mess was
similar to that which had proved suoces^iX at the Base Hospital at^Camp Upton
and Oamp Devene.  The Officers' &eos and Quarters  wore aanaged *rAe club, under
the general supervision of a House Oonalttee of three officers, appointed by the
Commanding Offioer.  itoeting* were called from time to tine by the Chairman
of the Committee for the free discussion of questions, such as the quality and
oost of the mess, the employment of oivillan help, the polioe and allotment of
quarters, eto.   The Committe acted only In an advisory capacity t  the Mess
Offioer.
 
 
16.
vONE CF THE KITCHENS.
f

xm^ ;
i
-^ tsji
Via?
RED CROSS RECREATION ROOM. 
 
                                                      16.

PART II — TBCHMCAL HISTORY.
                                MEDICAL SERVICE.

    (Capt. Mark Millikin,MC.  in charge from December 12,1918 to March 6,1919).
    (Capt. Francis  L.Quigley,MC.  in oharge from March 7,1919 to May 1, 1919 ).

          The  JStodioal  Service began to operate on December 12, 1918, when
several members of  the Detachment entered the Hospital as patients.  The service
gradually expanded  until two  floors of building "A" were occupied with a eapaeity
of three hundred  and fifty (350)  beds.

          The  cases treated were  the usual ones which occur in a medical service
with, however, a  considerable preponderenoe of reapiratory diseases.  There were
forty (40)oases of  Influents, mostly from the neighboring oamp of Meuoon.  Many
of these were  convalescent or very mild cases.  There were ten (10) lobar and
thirty-two (32) broncho-pneumonias with only two (2) deaths.  It was estimated
that about seventy-five  (?6)  per  cent of these were post-influensal.  There
were eleven  (11)  positive  cases of tuberculosis and fifteen (16) suspects.

          The  number of  contagious diseases was fortunately small.  No ep«es
of small-pox or chicken-pox were  seen.  There were ten (10) eases of diphtheria
successfully treated with  antitoxin, twelve (12) cases of soar let-fever, one
of which developed  dtitls-media,  and four  (4) oases of measles.  There wer«?
forty-three  (43)  oasea of  mumps,  and one  (1) case of meningitis.  The latter
was treated  with  antl-raeningeoooeole serum and recovered, the first injection
being thirty-six  hours after  admission.  There were no eases of dysentery.

          The  possibility  of  an out-break  of typhoid fiver was feared when a
case of this disease was recognised in the person of one of the nurses.  Al-
though she presented the ollnioal picture  of typhoid it did not seem possible
at the time  that  she could be suffering from this disease as she had received
triple vaccine seven months previous.  There was a delay in making a blood
culture waioh  proved to be negative, though an examination of the stool showed
the presence of typhoid bacilli.

          Every effort was then made to prevent the possible spread of the
disease.  Examinations of  feces and urine  of all cooks and kitchen police
were made with negative results.  Bacteriological and chemical examination
of the water supply was negative. An attempt to obtain Information from the
local French authorities as to whether the disease was endemic in this
locality proved very unsatisfactory*  The  patient was properly isolated and
suitable instructions  given enlisted men regarding the u»* of boiling hot
water to wash  dishes,  washing of  hands after defecation, ete.  Fortunately
no other oase  of  typhoid developed subsequently in this command. 
 
17.
                             SURGICAL SERVICE

        (In charce of Capt. Francis R. Hauasling, MC.)
                (Chief of Surgical Service.)

     Capt. Francis R. Haussllng, MC* reports as follows:

          "Previous to our arrival at Vannes the general plan of distribution
of executive offices, wards and operating room had been tentatively determined
upon by the Hospital Center.  These plans with minor ohanges were adoped by
Base Hospital 136*

           Division GF SERVICE:- It now became necessary for the medical officers
of Base Hospital 130, assigned to the surgical service to work out these plans
In greater detail and to equip their respective departments for praotloal use
in the care and treatment of patients.

           WARDS:- All wards and rooms were thoroughly scrubbed and walls white-
washed in the endeavor to destroy vermin and create a clean and cheerful appearanoe.
Wards were equipped with metal beds (eighteen to the ward) mattress**, pillows,
blankets, linen, bed-side tables, chairs, etc., which proved very satisfactory.
It was necessary to heat the wards with coal stoves.  411 lamps were used for
lighting purposes.

            DRESSIHG STAT109;- A central dressing station was established and
placed under the supervision of a medical officer.  It was his duty to supervise
all dressings.  Ward Surgeons were instructed to refer all ambulatory dressing
cases to this station between the hours of 9:00 and 11:30 A.M. dally.

            OPERATING GROUP:- Three connecting rooms, one large ( 21 x 21)
and two small ( 11 x 21) situated on the around floor of barrack designated
as building "CH served fairly well for the establishment of an operating
group, consisting of operating, sterilising and scrub-rooms.  The operating
room, although heated by an ordinary oil stove, proved very satisfactory
because of its sise, with high ceiling, cement floor and large windows,
giving ample light.  For artifioal Illumination we were compelled to depend
on oil lamps until February 8, 1919, when sufficient wire with which to
equip the rooms was procured, and the lights installed.  As the Base Hospital
equipment had already arrived and requiring only uncrating and setting up,
no delay was experienced from this source.  Looal conditione caused some
difficulty and delay.

             STERILIZIIO ROOM:- Aeoordlng to the specifications accompanying
the sterilising out-fit it was necessary to place the boiler on a level six
feet below the steriliser.  Because of the absence of a cellar and the presence
of water*a depth of four and one-half feet it became necessary to place the
steriliser on a wooden platform two and one-half feet in height.  The boiler
was placed in a four foot ditch, paved with cobblestones found in the oompound
and roofed over with a shed constructed of tar paper on a wooden frame.   Pipes
were brought from boiler room to steriliser through a window.  The reliability
of the steriliser was tested by means of live cultures. 
{.-■•a 
18.
          SCRUB ROOM:-  Hot water was obtained by attaching a pipe to the
main line from the boiler  to  the steriliser and then leading it  into a
galvanised tank.  Steam was then passed through the  water  in the tank.

          E  UIPMEWT  AST) FERSOim:- The eiuipment of Instruments was sufficient
for all operatic work we  were called upon to perform.   Gloves,  gause, cotton
and suture material  were present in ample quantities.  A few indispensable
articles were missing such as operating gowns.  These were easily improvised
by slitting  night-gowns down  tho front, adding buttons  and wearing them re-
versed.  The operating teams  consisted of operator,  assistant (medical offioer)
instrument passer,  (nurse) and anaesthetist ( a medical offioer  or nurse).  The
same enlisted men who had  constructed the platform,  set up the boiler, hot water
plant and steriliser were  converted into operating room orderlies, positions
whioh they have since filled  in the same entheusastic and  efficient manner.

          TREATMENT  CF PATIBSTS:- On December 17,  1918, we received our first
train-load of patients consisting of some three hundred and sixteen battle
casualties.  These were mostly ambulatory oases but  many of them required
dressings.   A large  majority  consisted of extensive  superficial  granulating
wounds  and chronic  osteomyelitis with its accompanying  sinus.  Many of these
will require operations at some future date.  Our  policy has been to return
the men to the U» S. A. as soon as  their physioal  condition would warrant.
No case that in  our  opinion qould safely be evacuated has  been operated upon
and never without th  patients consent.  -Ve have limited our operative work
to the  usual emergencies occurring from time to time in a  large  Detachment
of mm  and to such  cases as in our  judgment would  have  their convalescence
shortened by immediate operation! would not be delayed  as  to the date of
evacuation and could reasonably be expected to arrive in the United States
without requiring further  dressing or operative intervention.

           On February 0,  1919, we received our last train-load  of battle
casualties.  These men were evacuated on March 3,  1919* Camp Hospital No.
31, located  at Camp  do Meuoon, was ordered closed about this time.  All
medical and  surgical oases ocourring in this camp were  then sent to us.
Our surgioal work since March 3rd has therefore been limited to  the olass
of cases usually occuring  in  a military camp.  At present  time we are still
functioning  in this  capaoity. 
 
19.
OPERATING ROOM.
^
OPERATING ROOM. 
 
20.
SCRUB ROOM
STERILIZING ROOM 
 
21.
                               LABCRATORT.

              (in charge of  1st Lieut. Fred C. Caldwell, M. C. )

          "On October 3,  1918, 1st  Lieut. Fred C. Caldwell, M. C. reported
to Base Hospital 136, at  Camp  VHieeler, Ga., as laboratory^of floor•  On his
arrival he assisted  in giving  the entire coaaand pneumocoous and Infftuensa
vaccines and continued to work in the laboratory at the Base Hospital at
Camp Wheeler.  *hi!e at Camp Upton,  October 25th, the second laboratory
offioer, 2nd  Ueut.  Merle S. Niohola, Joined the organisation.

           In establishing  a laboratory at Vannes, three rooms were selected
on the first floor of one of the buildings in which the operating rooms, the
X-ray laboratory, and the Nose, Throat and Eye rooms were situated.  This
was done so that the maximum of co-operation could be established.  Two of
the rooms, one  ( 20  x 20) and  the other ( 20 x 10) were adjoining.  It was
decided to use  the former for  clinical pathology, bacteriology, rece^ption
and recording of specimens, and filing of records.  The smaller room had a
supply of running water and was planned as a place for washing an* sterilising
glassware in  preparation  of culture media.   Xter the plans were completed
the order for supplies was  returned, disapproved•

           About the middle of December Captain Sehmeisser arrived as laboratory
officer of the  Hospital Center and  the laboratory personnel was merged in the
Center Laboratory.   The plans  for the rooms were developed with but few minor
changes from the original ones. In one small room, we had running water with
no sink, but  thanks  to the  generous baoon supply in the army, we were able te
obtain sufficient tin from  the containers to line a sink, which was made by
the hospital  carpenter.

            In  the plan of  organisation of the Center Laboratory, the officers
from B> so Hospital 136 were responsible for all clinical pathology and bacteriology
and Captain Sohmeisser for  all anatomic patholgy.

            ?arly in the  history of our work, because of the delay in the
arrival of the  laboratory supplies, we were compelled to send all of our
specimens to  the nearest  laboratory at Camp Hospital Ho. 31, Camp do ^eueon,
for examination*  At this time the  laboratory undertook the examination of
all who handled food served to officers, nurses, soldiers and patients, for
typhoid carriers.  Specimens of feces and urine were colleoted in candy cans
and brought to  the laboratory, where endo plates were streaked and sent to
Gamp Meuoon for examination.   Samples of drinking water were also colleoted
and sent there  for examination, ^hen thesV subsidiary laboratory at iJuiberon
olosed, we obtained  sufficient supplies to enable us to perform all of the
clinical examinations.  Since  then  all suoh work has been done have.   The
Ion* expected laboratory  supplies,  in the form  of a transportable laboratory,
U.S. Army Expeditionary Force  model, arrived on Fel>ruary  5, 1919.   ■ith very
few exceptions  the supplies were sufficient to perform any examinations which
a laboratory »i«ht be called upon to do. 
"*■'*. 
22.
          0x1 APP1X 1S* 1919f ^P**1*1 Sehmeisser was relieved from duty at
the Hoepital Center, and  Lieut. Caldwell was appointed laboratory officer
in his place.

          Demands on the  laboratory were greater in variety thin in number
and this permitted the laboratory staff to devote  some tism to other activities.

          Fortunately there were  but six autopsies held at this hospital.  The
total number of  specimens examined to date is approximately fifteen hundred.
 e have had opportunities to study a few cases of mumps and measles for poesible
etiological organisms, but as  yet our work has not been completed."
V LABORATORY 
 
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25.
                 EAR, HOSE ABD THREAT DBPBRTHBlir

         (In oharge of 1st ideut. Lemuel B. Short, M.C.)

       Tho Ear, Hose and Throat Department w s opened on Deoomber 26, 1918,
and has been operated as an out patient ollnlo since that date.  *ron December
26, 1918, to May 1, 1919, a total of seventeen hundred (1700) treatments were
given to or consultations held upon patients in the ollnlo or the hospital
wards.  About fifty percent of the cases treated were otitis media and
post operative mastoiditis. About five percent were sinusitis oases and
one percent gun-shot wounds.  Theremalnder were   -aaes of tens Hit is and
rhinitis.  Uine oases of Vinoent'a Angina have been treated in both hospital
wards and out patient ollnlo*  Electricity was Installed on February 20th
and hat been available daily from four to texi,p.m.
XEAR,  NOSE AND THROAT DEPARTMENT, 
 
26.
iln charge of Captain Carl Boardman, M.C,, Deoember 26,  1918
to Ifcroh 25, 1919.
In charge of Captain Frederick W. Sallander, M.C, Jfcrch
25, 1919 to May 1, 1919.
          The Eye Department was opened on December 26, 1918, occupying
one room large enough for refraction work and able to be oonverted into
a dark room by tVe use of special shades.  At the outset a number of eye
cases were found araong the battle casualties admitted to the hospital.
They included oases of enucleation, which required post-operative treatment.
The diseases of the adnexa Included conjunctivitis (acute, chronic and
phlyctenular) blepharitis, ehalaseon, hordeolum, and dacrio-oystitis.
Pterygia were found in a few oases, but none of them had enoroaohed far
enough upon the cornea to make It ftaoessary for operative Interference.
Cases of this condition have thus far only been noted In our negro patients.
Other diseases of the eye included interstitial and ulcerative keratitis,
foreign bodies in the cornea, iritis, oyolitls, choroidites, neuro-
retlnlties and optic nerve atrophy.   Cases of refraction furnished the major
part of the work in the department at the outset, glasses being obtained
from the Optical Division, at Savenay and later from Paris. Although well
equipped for all emergencies, lt has not been necessary up to the present
to perform any operations. 
 
27.
QBNIIO-URINARy  DEPARTMENT
      iln charge of Capt. John C. Copeland, M.C. December 28, 1918 to
      Marsh 18, 1919.
      In charge of 1st Lieut. Robert J* Alexander, M.C* from March
      18, 1919 to May 1, 1919.

      Captain John c. Copeland, K.c. reports as follows:
      "Our oases represented about the usual ones found in the <MJ servioe of
a llllltary Hospital.  They included balanitis, balano-posthitie* phimosis,
paraphimosis, ohanoroid, chancre, prlwary syphilis, secondary syphilis,
tertiary syphilis, simple urethritis, urethritis.gonorrheal, acute pros-
tatitis, orohitia, epididymitis, cystitis, eneur>ls, urinary incontinence,
urethral stricture, and multiple urethral fistulas.

       Among the ckin oases were scabies, eosema, impetigo, psoriasis,
staphylococcic pydermla, etc.

       In the treatment of acute gonorrheal urethritis a system of treatment
consisting of absolute rest, restriction of diet, ingestion of large quantities
of water, and intensive local treatment was followed by results wotthy of note.
Ae soon as a diagnosis was made by finding gonoooool in the urethral smear,
intensive local treatment was Instituted.  This consisted of the Injection
of six o*c. of a five percent solution of argyrol or silvol, four tines  a day
during the first week.  A oareful three glass urinary test was made before eaeh
treatment.   During the second week the same quantity of a one percent solution
of protargol was injected three times a day.  During the third and fourth week
a dally Irrigation of a 1 - 5000 protargol solution, and during this period
prostatic massage was civen every second er third day as indicated.  Urethral
smears were made at Intervale of two weeks*  Three consecutive urethral  smears
as well as two negative smears, following prostatlo massage, were considered noo-
oeesary before patient was pronounced "cured1*.

       Under this system of treatment, no ease developed complications and
most of them were discharged in about thirty days ae cured, having had two
negative laboratory reports, a week apart*   In oases of ohronio gonorrhea daily
Irrigations of protargol 1 - 5000, prostatlo massage, and urethral dilatation
as Indicated were used with satisfactory results.

       Excellent results were obtained in the treatment of chancroids by the
following method, vis:— Inmeraion in a hot bichloria^ of mercury solution
1 - 1000, followed by a thorough sprinkling of tho affected area with crystals
of argyrol or silvol.   This treatment was given three times a day, after a
preliminary cauterisation with oarbollo acid.

       In a 1 lesions of the penis, no diagnosis was made, and no treatment
was given until one or more examinations of the seoretion for epiroohete had
been made, or blood Wassermann done* 
 
28.
       Prompt treatment was given  in all oases of primary syphilis. Usually
the same day that we rooeived a  laboratory report stating that spirochete had
been found in the seoretlon, an  intravenous injection of novarsenobensol was
given, followed next day by mercury salicylate intramuscularly*

       Hovarsenobensol and meroury were given in gradually increasing doses
•very f Ito drys ittMI the  twentieth day, and from that day at intervals of
every seven days up to the forty-second day when a thirty day period of rest
was Instituted*   W&ssermann tests wore made at regular intervals.  The results
were entirely satisfaotory, the  initial lesion disappearing In a few days, and
lt was noted  that usually  no secondary symptoms appeared.

       Special oar© wae taken to see that every venereal patient coming to
our servioe for treatment, was thoroughly informed as to the real character
of hie disease*   We also  sought to impress eaeh patient  with the fast that
sexual continence wae ©ompatc ble with  perfect health, and was the best pre-
ventative of  venereal disease •*
y OPERATING ROOM GENITOURINARY DEPARTBfflNT 
 
29.
                    X-RAY DEPARTMENT

           (In charge of 1st Lieut. Theodore Kolvoord, U.C.)

       Shortly after our arrival at Vannes, the X-Ray equipment wag
sent to the hospital and oonsisted of a 7| K.v;. Happier interrupterless
transformer and other heavy base hospital X-»ay apparatus*   Ae the
artillery barracks, which we occupied, were not wired for eleotrleity,
the question of tho supply  of  current beoamsurgent.  After several weeks of
fruitless negotiations  it was  found impossible to obtain a supply of eleotrleity
due to shortage of current  in  the eity,  A portable field X-Hay apparatus was
therefore requisitioned and obtained  about February 1, 1919.  Upon setting
up and testing out the  transformer, it was fbund to have been feroken in transit.
After about a month's delay in waiting for a new transformer from Parle and
waiting for some films  and  developer  lost in transit the X-Ray Department
began to operate on February 26, 1919*  The equipment used in the laboratory
oonsisted mainly of a portable gaeoline engine with transformer and army
fluroeoopio table with  two  baby Coolidge tubes, a Kelly Keott tube stand
and a stereoscopic view  box.

         The space available for i-Bay work oonsisted of one room twenty
by twenty feet and a wash room oonverted into a dark room. Window blinds of
original design, made of heavy roofing paper, oonverted the room into
fluroeoopio or dark room.   Attachments were improvised to give an orange
light in the tloroeoopio room^tlao to give light for the view boxes from
the gasoline engine generator*  An attachment was made whereby the engine
whioh was placed outside of the building oould be stopped without leaving
the flmrosoopie room.
X-RAY DEPARTMENT 
 
DENTAL  DBPARTMSST
( In charge of 1st Lieut* John J*  Ogdon,  D*C.  from January 4, 1919 to
( February 11, 1919.
( In oharge of 1st Lieut. Benjamin Benedict, D.C  from February 12,
( 1919 to March 31, 1919.
f In charge of Captain Holland alio, D.C. from April  1,  1919 to
( ISay 1, 1919.
       Captain Holland Gilo, D.C. reports as followst
       "The portable dental equipment has been used entirely an  with this a
oonsiderable amount of permanent dental work has been performed*  Many molar
and bicuspid teeth have been saved from further decay by amalgam fillings
and incisors and cuspids by porcelain fillings.  We have used very little
cement for filling, and have practically only used it as a lining to be
covered with some material of a more permanent nature*

       Every effort has been made to avoid extraction of teeth where they
oould be saved by appropriate treatment.  Quite a large part of the dental
operations oonsisted in the removal of inflamed pulps, the treatment of
putrescent and abeeessed teeth, and the subsequent filling of root oanala
and restoration of crowns.  Frequently when a crown was so badly decayed as to
neoessitate an artiflolal one, the tooth was treated, roots  filled and cavity
in remainder of tooth sealed, thereby keeping the tooth in good condition
for subsequent dental work of a permanent character.  Abscessed teeth which
were considered a source of serious fooai infection were extracted by local
anesthesia.  Novocain has been used almost entirely for both infiltration
and nerve blocking.   la addition to carious conditions of the teeth there
has been also quite a lerpe percentage of ohronie ulcerative gingivitis
or so called "trench mouth" •   In the treatment of this condition beside the
usual sealing and prophylactic measures, five percent ohromio acid and tino-
ture of bensoln have proven very efficacious.  For any urgent crown, bridge
or plate work, it has always been possible to send patients to the Baee
Dental Laboratory at St. Nasaire*"
DENTAL DEPARTMENT 
 
31.
                            SANITARY DBPARTMBff.

       Report of Sanitary Inspector, Capt* George R* Critchlow, M* C*

     "Conditions were such at the French Barracks where the Hospital was per-
manently located at Vannes that the duties of a sanitary Inspector were of a
▼ery diversified character.  The sanitary arrangements previously in use by
the 58th Artillery of the Frenoh were not in any way suited to the needs of
a Base Hospital*  It devolved upon the sanitary inspector to provide adequate
latrines, proper sewage disposal, etc.  In the absence of a sanitary engineer,
hit duties also came to include repair of old and initiation of new plumbing
equipment*  The water supply, while of good quality was"piped only to the
ground floor of the buildings*  Hot water was available in limited quantity
from old heatere in company kitchene.  Laundry facilities were of a very
primitive type, consisting of stone troughs and benches on which clothes
could be beaten and rinsed*  Out-door drying of clothes became an impossibility
in the constant rains of a Brittany winter.   Bathing facilities were limited
to a single shower room with a half dosen shower heads served by a worn out
heater*

     L TUNES*-  The only latrines to be found in the Caserne oonsisted of
"squath cabinets with concrete floors, openings in which led to iron cane
beneath.  Ten of these were found on the east  nd west sides of the grounds*
These cans were hauled away by a Frenoh civilian daily*  These were continued
In use for patients after being screened, by wood and tar paper framed-*  Near
theee latrines were slate urinals which likewise screened*

                  Two pit latrines were dug beneath the horse shed at the rear
of the grounds, and wooden seats with twenty holee each buil/t over then* Latrines
for off ioers were built of wood, making seats for use over G.I* cans and installed
in solitary cells in guard-house near off ioers quarters.

                  In a portion of one building set apart for nurses quarters was
found a bath room on the second floor containing one "squat" closet and one porce-
lain closet, both leading into a drain pipe which ended in a oompartment on the
floor below containing iron cans for receptacles.  These were removed through    v
and iron door in the aide of the building*  T?e Installed a non-flush Frenoh
closet on the "squat" floor and built seats for both*  The bath tub was connect-
ed with the drain pipe and hot  and cold water pipes placed in position*  An
additional flush closet was Installed in a room on the ground floor*  To provide
disposal of this closet sewage a simple septic tank with settling chamber. Iron
screen and siphon tail drain into underground sewer was constructed just outside
the building under round*

                  Near the ward buildings was eontruoted a ooncrete lined"hopper"
draining into underground sewer for purpose of receiving contents of bed pans.

                  A   number of seats vere set apejtt for the use of men with
venereal infection and labelled for that purpose.

     DRAINAGE:-  The drainage system In use by the Frenoh garrison consisted
of large underground concrete tanks.  Che of theee was  found benearfth the floor
0f each wash room, there being one wash room on the ground floor at each entrance
to the main barracks.  These tanks had an overflow into the sewer system.  There
were also several of these tanks or cees pools juet outside the building, 
 
32.
all of which were supplied  ith a manhole.  We found It necessary to follow
the Frenoh  custom of pumping these tanks out at more or lees regular intervals.
This was done under contract by a Frenoh civilian using a motor driven puap*
The system  of sewers,  illustrated by attached drawing, was both surfsee and
underground*  Cobblestone gutters led through gratings into manholes connect-
ing with the underground sewers.  The latter were eight inch piping, all
converging  to a common exit at the rear of the Caserne, which emptied into
a diteh at  the edge of a farm*

     WATER  SYSTEM:-  The main supply of water came from the city of Vaimee,
the source  of which was springe a few miles outside of the city.  The quality
of the water was excellent and the supply adequate.

          Throughout the main barracks were washrooms with concrete troughs
fed by ten  or twelwe faucets each*  v>e found it necessary to extend the water
pipes to the upper floors of the buildings used for warde, with spigots and
G. I. cans  in diet kitchens and latrines rooms on eaeh floor.  Army ranges
with water  backs connected to boilers furnished hot water in the kitchens,
both for patients mess, Detachment mess, and Off ioers9 mess.

     BATH HOUSES:-  Bathing .facilities for enlisted personnel and patiente
being entirely looking, we converted a room employed by the veteriaary depart-
ment of the garrison into a shower room*  As water heaters were not to be had
we employed water backs belonging to /ray ranges, installing them in ordinary
stoves deaigne*ted for  heating rooms*  Shower heads were secured and racks placed
upon the concrete floor.  The old shower room formerly used by the garrison
was reserved for the officers*

     STERILIZATION:-   A standard portable steam steriliser was set up near the
shower room and the adjoining room used for drying and sorting laundry.  The
men were thus enabled  to have their infected clothing treated immediately upon
arrival and ohan ed into freeh clothing as they came from the bath.  Bedding
and mattresses needing disinfection were put through the same prooese.

     LAUNDRY*-  The solution of the laundry problem was not entirely satis-
factory*  No laundry machinery was available and native labor proved Tory un-
satisfactory*  We were albe to send a limited amount of linen and under-
clothing to the laundry attached to Camp Hospital Wo* 31 at Camp do Heuoon
seven miles away.  This necessitated trucking the wet linen back to the
Hospital to be drfed in our own rooms, which were always overtaxed in capacity.
The nurses conducted their own hand laundry, employing Belgian aid Frenoh women.
The off icers/ent their laundry out to native women of the town*

     GENERAL CONDITIONS:-  The general condition of the Hospital, both grounds
and buildings were rather satisfaotory*  The buildings were of stone, the three
largest ones forming three sides to an open square at thefo4/*f/iSVikof which
was the entrance gate, while wet most of the time there was no mud within the
garrison limits.  The  wards and rooms were heated by Installing American stoves
for which there were chimney openings in every room.  A very few gaslights were
provided in the hallways and lamps were the principal eouroe of illumination*
Sometime later a gasoline motor was installed with a generator attached which
gave enough illumination for the offices, recreation room, and the theatre
with ite Cinema. 
 
33.
The buildinge of the garrison were very uncleanly and infested with vermin
w^en taken ar^r by the Hospital.  Energetic measures very early resulted in*
completely changing the occupied rooms into clean end comfortable rooms for
both personnel and patiente.

     FO<D AND GARBAGE:-  The food furnished in our Hospital was most satis-
factory both as to quality and quantity.  The men frequently expressed their
satisfaction with the mess conditions and not a single oomplalnt was ever
lodged against this service*  The garbage was sold to a French civilian and
collected by him dally*  The proceeds of the transaction were deposited in
the Hospital Fund,  ^e constructed a pit incerator in which all tin cans and
similar receptacles were sterilised, after which they were smashed flat and
piled in a distant corner of the Caserne.

     VEHEREAL DISEASE:- ^hile the venereal rate became quite high in a large
camp a few miles from the city of Vannes the number of cases occurting in the
personnel and among the  ambulatory patients was very small.  A prophylaotio
station was  operated  at the entrance to the Hospital and inspections were held
regularly every week* Other prophylactic/WsW^ilable in the torn of Vannes.
During one month only one new case of infection was reported and In another^
month no new oases, the mean strenghth at the time being over four hundred.
y STEAM STERILIZER. 
 
BASE HOSPITAL 136
34.
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35.
y FIRST FLAG used  by BASE HOSPITAL 136



        le  by one of the  Nurses) 
 
APPENDIX.
Chart.  I      GENERAL PLAN of BTJIU)INGS and GROBHDS.




Chart  II     FLOOR PLANS of BUILDING  "CH.




Chart  III    PLAN of GAS, WATS* and SEWAGE SYSTEM.
C arts I and II made by 1st Lt. Fred C. Caldwell, M.C.



Chart III made by 2nd Lt* Merle S* Nichols, San Corps*



Front iepiece made by Pvt l/e A Ions o D* Cole*



Hospital Flag and Posters made by Mildred Dederiok, ANC. 
 
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